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karaoke culture
Karaoke Culture is a sharp piece of commentary. As ever, Ugresic sucks you in with wit & mad charm; cheekily sandbags you with her ability to merge her observations of cultural events, venues & styles; engineers cheerful hit & run connections between media. You think it’s a rat’s nest but it develops a sly inevitable logic, & it’s probably the only way to get away with some of the things she says. Meanwhile, I wonder if this is going to be anything like as sharp & honest as These Foolish Things, the Deborah Moggach novel on which it’s based, a TLS review of which I’ll put up here if I can ever find it again in my own rat’s nest. Thinking about: Shame, which struck me as little more than a dutiful turn round the relevant sections of DSM IV-TR. I like that smelly nourishing suet of dysfunctional & chaotic behaviour, but Shame didn’t seem an especially intense slice.
those who know gifco
Those who have failed to regulate the self. Those whose behaviours enact a medicating fiction. Those who flew to the Canary Islands on a cheap ticket in December 1991 & left the remains of their personality in the apartment hotel. Those who ran from everything in a zig-zag pattern, so fast they never found the transitional object. The unsoothed. The dysmorphic. The unconditional. Those who were naive enough to take what they needed & thus never got what they wanted & whose dreams are now severe. Those who were amazed by their own hand. The confused. The pliable. Those who look at the sea & immediately suffer a grief unconstrained but inarticulable. Gifco is coming. Gifco you are always with us. Gifco we are here!
Photo: the other Nick Royle.
whatever dances inside us
I thought I’d repeat this because writing has made it seem even truer than I thought last May–
Don’t fauxthenticate. Don’t make a text that begs, “Believe in this, please believe in this.” Rationale is the sound of the stuffing falling out, the sound of the failure of imaginative intensity. This doesn’t build a world: it acts by being present. Whatever is in it is not rationally excused or cognitively substantiated: it is present to the viewer, it is itself.
To this character, life is like window shopping: an inoculation against, or antidote to, the urge to spend. Emotional opportunities arrive as 3D flexible models, accessible from any angle & as easily subjected to a thorough examination as objects that already exist. Even as he’s living through its leading edge, a potential relationship can be moved around in time by a kind of false hindsight, until he has understood every possibility of development, every nuance; after which he’ll decide what outcome he wants & how to set about achieving it. But by then the opportunity will have passed & what he thought of as the bow shock will have turned out to be the entire event.
Desirina Boskovich engages with “Black Houses” at Weird Fiction Review. & there’s a lot of reading here.
the dead speak
Load of dead people in the comments here, making their interminable dead-people complaint. Think of the children. Not out of my taxes. My life, bloated as it is with a soul-frying ordinariness, is more demanding than that. Can’t he find something better to do. I’m just glad to be in the warm & nice. Hasn’t he thought of the children. Etc. Etc. Etc. Messages of denial from the pooling global Switzerland of the mind.
futile attempts at denial
Subtle new entry at Rejectamentalist Manifesto.
& speaking of the weird, Eleanor Crook’s astounding sculpture here. (Thanks, Lara.) My favourite–if that’s the right word–is “Eustache”. I wouldn’t want Eustache within a mile of me at night. If I found that he was, I would move house without further thought. That said, I can’t stop looking at him. Futile attempts at denial include work on a short story I used to think of as disturbing but which now appears full of comfort.
on board the arc
Margaret Atwood, Hannu Rajaniemi & Al Reynolds in the first issue of Arc, available Monday next.
cheney at weird fiction review
I can recommend Matthew Cheney’s piece Stories in the Key of Strange: A Collage of Encounters, at Weird Fiction Review. More and more, Cheney says, he finds himself
attracted to innovative writing that isn’t afraid to leave great gaps within itself, that doesn’t try to stick the world onto a postage stamp, but rather puts a postage stamp in the middle of the world’s unfathomable complexities.
Though he’s careful not to glue them in place, he lays into his collage elements from Leen Krohn, Kelly Link, Barry Lopez, China Mieville, Jan Morris & Christopher Priest; & at one point comes to the perhaps fleeting, certainly controversial but very refreshing conclusion that “all fiction, regardless of its label or merit, possesses an allegorical connection to reality”.
It’s nice to be encouraged to be grown up again, to keep open, as Cheney puts it, “every imaginative and imagined option”. I’m on the edge of my seat to see what happens next at WFR.
seeing the future
I wrote an introduction to the Heyne edition of The Day of the Triffids, which begins roughly– “1949: John Wyndham Parkes Lucas Beynon Harris decided he would like to write something more relevant to his time. In turning away from the American pulp market, simplifying his name to John Wyndham, & selecting as his subject matter the disruption of a recognisable near future, he redeemed not just himself but the medium of science fiction. The novel of catastrophe surfs the anxieties of the day, viewing them as a disaster that has already happened; the self-reinvented Wyndham, fresh from his chrysalis, found himself in an age rich with new anxieties. Huge changes were afoot in the aftermath of a war which had shown the English that their most valued possessions–a firm social structure, a quiet life, dependable lines of communication & supply–could be eroded in six months, to be replaced by uncertainty, blackout & shortage. Power had been taken out of the hands of the pre-War middle classes (a process both mourned and celebrated in the quintessentially English films of Powell & Pressburger) & placed in the hands of a bureaucratic infrastructure. After the war, it wasn’t given back. During the austerity winters of the postwar years, overshadowed by science they didn’t understand, no longer comforted by religion or imperial certainty, the English huddled in their underheated houses & began to wonder what the future would be like. The genius of John Wyndham was to offer them a way to think about their situation.”
On the re-read pile: nice crisp Vintage editions of The End of the Affair, The Quiet American & Stamboul Train. On repeat: Slow Club, “You, Earth or Ash”. Seen out of the window: eight or nine redwing. Is this possible in Barnes ?
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Thinking Fiction: The Subjectivity of Editing IV, Part I
Filed under: Contributor Article,Editorial Matters,Professional Editors,Thinking Fiction — Rich Adin @ 4:00 am
Tags: Carolyn Haley, contributor article, copyediting definitions, defining editing, fiction, informal survey
by Carolyn Haley
As the final step in my exploration of subjectivity in editing, I conducted another experiment. The first experiment was to see what would happen when editors were asked to edit sample text with no direction beyond “Copyedit according to your own understanding of what copyediting means.” Seven professional editors volunteered, and their edits showed a range of approaches from light touching to heavy recasting. I discussed the results in Thinking Fiction: The Subjectivity of Editing I, II, and III.
The second experiment took the opposite position, and asked a different set of independent editors for their specific definitions of copyediting. Nine volunteered. Their replies follow, continuing into Part II of this essay. Part I begins with an evaluation of their definitions filtered through my direct experience as an independent editor and author.
To give the editors’ responses some context, I requested data from each person, such as years of professional editing experience, clientele base, area of concentration, approximate percentage of business comprising copyediting, country of residence, variant of English used, and a sampling of editing-related software tools and reference resources. I also invited clarification of what copyediting isn’t.
As I expected, the respondents’ descriptions ranged from simple to complex. But all revolved around the common denominator I had hoped to see: a focus on the mechanical aspects of editing — spelling, grammar, punctuation, usage, continuity, consistency.
The mechanical focus suggests that any author seeking copyediting can have the work done by any copyeditor. But as the nine descriptions show, there are variations in style and approach that make finding a good fit between author and editor more than just a spelling-and-punctuation game.
Elements to consider
For an author or publisher seeking to hire an independent copyeditor, the first line of distinction is the logical one of whether they edit fiction or nonfiction or both. Another selection criterion might be language bias — meaning, for writers in English, whether an editor works in American, British, Canadian, Australian, or some other variant of the tongue, or handles translated material, or works with people for whom English is a second language.
Authors and publishers might also consider an editor’s area of specialty and style of approach. These are, in my experience, the most common “match” criteria. Novelists often seek editors with experience in their genre. Nonfiction writers often seek editors knowledgeable about the topic of their book. Subject aside, authors divide in personality type. One author might want an editor who is superfocused on details and formal language, whereas another author might want an editor who is open to creative interpretation and won’t micromanage the author’s prose. The possible author–editor matchmaking combinations are myriad.
Some authors and publishers want to know about an editor’s toolkit. In my survey, all nine editors reported that they use only MS Word for electronic editing, with one editor still working primarily on hardcopy. Six editors use a mix of editorial software tools (e.g., EditTools, Editor’s Toolkit 2014, PerfectIt, macros) to enhance their accuracy and consistency. Everyone’s reference resources correlate with the publishing area they serve.
In the area I serve (mainly independent and especially first-time novelists), the topic of reference works rarely comes up. The authors seem to assume I’m working within universal and arcane parameters known to the publishing industry and will apply those “rules” to their work. Few authors are aware that there are different dictionaries and different style guides, and they don’t appear to care as long as the editing is consistent and editorial explanations make sense. My clients expect me to know what to do; that’s what they’re paying me for. Consequently, I don’t advertise my constantly growing reference library beyond a short statement on my website. I do, however, list on my style sheet for the project the reference works I consulted for the job. On the two occasions a client has shown interest, we’ve discussed and agreed to which reference works to employ.
Things are different when I work for publishers. The project editor specifies which dictionary and style guide the house adheres to, and often defines the copyediting tasks they expect me to cover. I duly comply.
In my survey, all the American editors named Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary, 11th edition (MW11) as their primary dictionary (except one who didn’t answer that question), with the American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 5th ed., as alternate. All the Americans also named the Chicago Manual of Style, 16th ed., as their general style/language guide, with some editors mentioning the AP [Associated Press] Stylebook, the AMA [American Medical Association] Manual of Style, and the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association. The sole British and handful of American-British editors listed one or more of the Oxford and Hart dictionaries and style guides. Individuals then included a sampling of other works pertinent to their specialty. The fiction-only editors listed fewer reference works than the nonfiction editors.
The fiction-only editors were also less detailed in their copyediting descriptions than the nonfiction-only editors. Whether this represents a valid pattern can only be determined by a survey on a much larger scale. What matters here is that each editor gives potential clients a snapshot of their approach and personality. The information helps authors and publishers swiftly narrow down a wide field to a short list of candidates for their jobs.
Whether a given editor is a good editor, or the right editor, can only be determined through follow-up actions between author and editor: their dialogue, a sample edit, and, ultimately, the project itself. But editors who offer a profile help themselves and compatible prospective clients find each other, while reducing the risk of surprises that could negatively affect a project or relationship.
Nine definitions of the same thing
What follows is the survey respondents’ actual text, verbatim save for some condensing. It answers only the question, “How do you define copyediting?” I’ve included each editor’s years of experience, specialty, and English variant for context.
These descriptions, however, only have meaning when matched against an author’s expectations and desires. The number of possible combinations seems endless, so for this essay I’ve created a hypothetical scenario that views the editors’ descriptions from the perspective of a fiction and a nonfiction author, each independent and unpublished. The nine volunteer editors’ descriptions that I received through private solicitation are assumed for the scenario to be material on professional editors’ websites found through a Google search.
A view through the fiction lens
The editor-shopping fiction writer John Q. Novelist (JQN) is a software engineer and zealous science fiction/fantasy reader who has written his own sword-and-sorcery epic and thinks it’s ready for editing. His family and friends have told him the story is wonderful, and he dreams of great reviews and cash flow, especially if he expands the book into a series. All he wants from an editor is to correct his spelling and punctuation errors, point out any content goofs he’s unaware of, and help prepare his manuscript for publication.
Somebody in his writing group put a name to what he’s looking for: copyediting. So he uses that as a keyword in his online searches. He knows there are different kinds of editing but doesn’t fully understand the fine points of distinction between them. Since he’s researching a task, he doesn’t think to add “fiction” or “novels” to his keywords, so his search on “copyediting” returns an enormous list of websites and articles. The first three editors who offer a definition of copyediting are these:
Editor #1 (18 years, mostly fiction, U.S.)
[Copyediting is t]he correction of errors in spelling, grammar, punctuation, and basic facts/continuity.
Perfect, thinks JQN. He can send this person his manuscript for tidying up, then be on his way to fame and fortune. But Editor #2 offers more details, so, curious, he reads on.
Editor #2 (5 years, fiction, U.S./U.K.)
Copyediting is targeted at fixing elements of sentences, addressing correctness rather than artfulness of expression. Copyediting focuses on elements such as detail and description consistency (making sure the hero’s eyes stay the same color throughout, a house doesn’t grow an extra bedroom, if a character is standing on page 10 they aren’t said to be rising from a chair on page 11, etc.), grammar, correct word usage (such as die vs. dye), punctuation, adherence to a style guide or a publisher’s house style, fact-checking minor details such as business names and historic dates, formatting elements like text messages and letters, flagging potential copyright and legal issues, and more. The editor will make nearly all of the changes within the manuscript, not the writer.
Even better, JQN thinks. Exactly what he needs. This person must know what they’re doing. But, good grief, look at how long the next one is! What more could be involved?
Editor #3 (10 years, nonfiction, U.S./U.K./Can.)
I [derived these definitions]… from the Bay Area Editors Forum.… At all levels of copyediting… the copyeditor corrects errors, queries the author about conflicting statements, requests advice when the means of resolving a problem is unclear, and prepares a style sheet. The copyeditor may also incorporate the author’s replies to queries; this work is known as cleanup editing.
Light Copyediting (baseline editing)
Correcting faulty spelling, grammar, and punctuation.
Correcting incorrect usage (such as can for may).
Checking specific cross-references (for example, “As Table 14-6 shows…”).
Ensuring consistency in spelling, hyphenation, numerals, fonts, and capitalization.
Checking for proper sequencing (such as alphabetical order) in lists and other displayed material.
Recording the first references to figures, tables, and other display elements.
A light copyedit does not involve interventions such as smoothing transitions or changing heads or text to ensure parallel structure. The editor checks content only to detect spots where copy is missing. A light copyedit may include typemarking.
Medium Copyediting
Performing all tasks for light copyediting.
Changing text and headings to achieve parallel structure.
Flagging inappropriate figures of speech.
Ensuring that key terms are handled consistently and that vocabulary lists and the index contain all the terms that meet criteria specified by the publisher.
Ensuring that previews, summaries, and end-of-chapter questions reflect content.
Enforcing consistent style and tone in a multi-author manuscript.
Changing passive voice to active voice, if requested.
Flagging ambiguous or incorrect statements.
Typemarking the manuscript.
Heavy Copyediting (substantive editing)
Performing all tasks for medium copyediting.
Eliminating wordiness, triteness, and inappropriate jargon.
Smoothing transitions and moving sentences to improve readability.
Assigning new levels to heads to achieve logical structure.
Suggesting — and sometimes implementing — additions and deletions, noting them at the sentence and paragraph level.
The key differences between heavy and medium copyedits are the levels of judgment and rewriting involved. In a heavy copyedit, the editor improves the flow of text rather than simply ensuring correct usage and grammar; may suggest recasts rather than simply flagging problems; and may enforce a uniform level, tone, and focus as specified by the publisher or developmental editor.
Wow! That covers everything JQN could possibly want, and breaks it into clusters with different price tags. JQN now starts thinking about cost-benefit ratio and how far his budget will stretch. He’s sad that he can’t spring for heavy editing, it sounds so helpful, but at least he knows what his dollar will buy for light and medium. But wait — in rereading the page to evaluate his best choice, he notices what he missed on first scan. This editor only handles nonfiction. Drat! So he refines his search terms in hopes of finding a fiction editor offering the same level of detail and clarity.
Part II of this essay covers a nonfiction author’s response to the remaining six volunteer editors’ descriptions of copyediting, followed by a summary of the subjectivity studies.
Carolyn Haley, an award-winning novelist, lives and breathes novels. Although specializing in fiction, she edits across the publishing spectrum — fiction and nonfiction, corporate and indie — and is the author of two novels and a nonfiction book. She has been editing professionally since 1977, and has had her own editorial services company, DocuMania, since 2005. She can be reached at dcma@vermontel.com or through her websites, DocuMania and New Ways to See the World. Carolyn also blogs at Adventures in Zone 3 and reviews at New York Journal of Books.
Comments Off on Thinking Fiction: The Subjectivity of Editing IV, Part I
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Creativity 50 2014: Mick Ebeling
Not Impossible Labs and the Ebeling Group
By Ben Brody. Published on December 29, 2014.
Technology has rapidly expanded the idea of what is possible, and Mick Ebeling says his goal is to push it even farther.
That was the impetus behind "Project Daniel," where Mr. Ebeling's Not Impossible Labs went to South Sudan and used a 3-D printer to create a prosthetic arm for a 14-year-old boy who had lost both arms during the country's war. Using the arm, Daniel fed himself for the first time in two years, and Mr. Ebeling then set up a facility for printing more prosthetics.
Then there was the EyeWriter, a wearable that tracks eye movements and allowed a graffiti artist with advanced ALS to communicate and create again. Mr. Ebeling led the team that created EyeWriter with only a few hundred dollars' worth of stuff from the hardware store.
As head of the Ebeling Group production company, the self-described inventor and storyteller has also been responsible for lots of mainstream work, including the main title graphics for the James Bond film "Quantum of Solace."
What does creativity mean to you?
Mr. Ebeling: Creativity just means you look at things through a different lens. You don't see things conventionally.
How do you work?
Mr. Ebeling: The process is you commit and then you figure it out. You don't have to have everything sorted from ground zero.
Where do you get the expertise to pull this all off?
Mr. Ebeling: I never have the expertise. That's really critical. My expertise is in recognizing who has the expertise and then letting the brilliant people make things happen.
How do you think about obstacles and failure?
Mr. Ebeling: One of our many mantras is "fail, fail, fail, succeed, repeat when necessary." Failure for us is a success, because it means we're one step closer to the end outcome. The fundamental belief that everything that we are surrounded by as humans was impossible at one point -- that goes for literally everything, from the obvious like computers and cell phones to woven fabrics to walking upright. When we're hitting these mini-failures, for us contextually, it's a minor, minor blip on the radar.
Mr. Ebeling: We are in the midst right now of creating a low-cost exoskeleton to help kids with neurological disorders like cerebral palsy walk for the first time.
Ben Brody
View all articles by this author
Marketer A-List 2018: NBA
Marketer A-List 2018: Fortnite
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Research ArticleENGINEERING
A durable nanomesh on-skin strain gauge for natural skin motion monitoring with minimum mechanical constraints
View ORCID ProfileYan Wang1,
View ORCID ProfileSunghoon Lee1,
View ORCID ProfileTomoyuki Yokota1,
Haoyang Wang1,
Zhi Jiang1,
View ORCID ProfileJiabin Wang1,
Mari Koizumi1 and
View ORCID ProfileTakao Someya1,2,*
1Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
2Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
↵*Corresponding author. Email: someya{at}ee.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp
Science Advances 12 Aug 2020:
Vol. 6, no. 33, eabb7043
DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abb7043
Yan Wang
ORCID record for Yan Wang
Sunghoon Lee
ORCID record for Sunghoon Lee
Tomoyuki Yokota
ORCID record for Tomoyuki Yokota
Haoyang Wang
Zhi Jiang
Jiabin Wang
ORCID record for Jiabin Wang
Mari Koizumi
Takao Someya
ORCID record for Takao Someya
For correspondence: someya@ee.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp
Ultraconformable strain gauge can be applied directly to human skin for continuous motion activity monitoring, which has seen widespread application in interactive robotics, human motion detection, personal health monitoring, and therapeutics. However, the development of an on-skin strain gauge that can detect human body motions over a long period of time without disturbing the natural skin movements remains a challenge. Here, we present an ultrathin and durable nanomesh strain gauge for continuous motion activity monitoring that minimizes mechanical constraints on natural skin motions. The device is made from reinforced polyurethane-polydimethylsiloxane (PU-PDMS) nanomeshes and exhibits excellent sustainability, linearity, and durability with low hysteresis. Its thinness geometry and softness provide minimum mechanical interference on natural skin deformations. During speech, the nanomesh-attached face exhibits skin strain mapping comparable to that of a face without nanomeshes. We demonstrate long-term facial stain mapping during speech and the capability for real-time stable full-range body movement detection.
On-skin electronics are designed to be thin, soft, stretchable, and durable and can be seamlessly integrated to become part of the human body for continuous, long-term vital health monitoring (1–5). Among these electronics, strain gauges have attracted particular interest owing to their broad applications from human-machine interfaces to personal health diagnosis (6–10). In particular, soft, high-precision strain gauges have been applied for in vivo continuous measurements of organ function (11). Strain gauges have a simple mechanism, i.e., generating repetitive electrical changes upon mechanical deformations (12, 13). They can be easily interfaced with soft biological systems for real-time health monitoring. The minimum requirements for these devices are high mechanical compliance, flexibility, sensitivity, stretchability, durability, light weight, thinness, and biocompatibility (14).
For practical implementation, strain gauges must conform to complex biological surfaces and sustain large deformations (>50% strain) during various activities. A plethora of intrinsically stretchable materials and engineered stretchable structures have been developed for this purpose (15, 16). Typically, stretchable strain gauges are fabricated by depositing electrical metallic and/or carbon-based and/or liquid materials on a polymer substrate (17–20) or embedding them in a polymer matrix (21–24). For example, a representative bilayer structure made of aligned single-walled carbon nanotube/polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) exhibits a stretchability of up to 280% strain, which is 50 times greater than that of traditional metal strain gauges (25). A composite structure composed of silver nanowire/PDMS can be stretched to 70% strain with a tunable gauge factor from 2 to 14 (26). Diverse innovative approaches of structural engineering have been introduced to soften gold and obtain stretchable nanomeshes for strain sensors (27). In addition to stretchability improvement, an ultrasensitive crack-based strain gauge has been fabricated from platinum and polyurethane acrylate with a gauge factor of over 2000 in 1 to 2% strain range (28). As ultrathinness is highly desirable for skin conformability, devices made of 2.56-μm-thick silicon nanomembrane/polyimide (PI) have been developed with a stretchability of 15% strain and a gauge factor of 0.5 (29). Moreover, a thinner epidermal strain gauge with a thickness of ~1 μm has been created from poly(3,4 ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) inkjet printed on a polystyrene-polybutadiene-polystyrene (SBS) nanosheet. The resulting device is capable of detecting 0 to 2% skin strain with a gauge factor of 0.73 ± 0.10 (30).
However, the development of an on-skin strain gauge that satisfies the requirement of negligible physical constraints on natural skin motions remains a challenge. First, it is difficult to obtain devices with porous/permeable substrates and a thickness of less than 2 μm that can also attain conformable contact with curvilinear human skin (31). The reason is that soft electronics made from porous/permeable substrates normally have thicknesses of more than 100 μm to achieve stretchability and mechanical durability (32–34). Second, the integration of functional metallic and/or carbon-based materials with traditional planar polymeric substrates leads to increased thickness. This is because a thin planar device can easily experience local material delamination/cracking under repetitive stretching/releasing cycles, especially under large strains. Furthermore, it is also necessary to increase device stretchability and sensitivity to allow for various degrees of human motion monitoring with high resolution.
Here, we report an ultrathin and durable nanomesh strain gauge for human movement detection while minimizing mechanical constraints on natural skin motions. The device is made from polyurethane (PU)–PDMS core-sheath–reinforced nanomeshes and has an ultralight weight of 0.12 mg/cm2 with a thickness of only 430 ± 18 nm. It exhibits extraordinary mechanical durability of high-cycle stretching/releasing (5000 times) at up to 60% strain with a low-resistance degradation (∆R/R0) of only 0.03. In addition, the reliable electrical responses are independent of the stretch frequencies with negligible hysteresis. Its thinness geometry and softness result in minimum mechanical constraints on natural skin motions. During speech, the nanomesh-attached face exhibits skin strain mapping comparable to that of a face without nanomeshes. We successfully demonstrated facial skin strain mapping in speech with minimum mechanical interference after long-term wearing (3.5 hours). Furthermore, a linear sensitivity of up to 60% strain enables stable full-range human body movement detection, including the subtle skin deformation by fingertip sensor pickup of the mechanical pulse wave at the human wrist and large joint bending motions.
Fabrication and characterization
The backbone of the permeable nanomesh sensor was fabricated by electrospinning PU nanofibers with a diameter of 198 ± 52 nm (fig. S1, A and B). In this study, an electrospinning volume of 0.5 ml was used, with a fraction area of 54.99 ± 2.16%. A schematic diagram of the fabrication process is shown in Fig. 1 (A to C) and described in Materials and Methods. Briefly, a PU nanofiber sheet was fixed with a PI window frame (125-μm thickness). Figure 1A shows the freestanding nanofiber sheet in the window region. Then, by dipping the PU nanofiber sheet into a diluted PDMS solution by hexane, the nanofibers formed random bundles and were encircled by the PDMS polymer after solvent evaporation (Fig. 1B). A mild ultraviolet (UV) ozone exposure (1 min) was subsequently used to render the surface hydrophilicity after the PDMS was fully cured. Last, the device was completed by gold deposition (100 nm) on both sides (Fig. 1C). It should be noted that the PI window is patternable, such that devices with arbitrary shapes can easily be achieved. The resulting device is ultralightweight (0.12 mg/cm2), with a typical thickness of only 430 ± 18 nm, which substantially reduces the mass loading as an epidermal electronic (35). Figure 1 (D to F) shows representative microscopic views of the pristine PU nanofiber sheet, PU-PDMS core-sheath nanomesh, and Au/PU-PDMS nanomesh, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed an unambiguous PU-PDMS core-sheath mesh structure (fig. S1, C and D).
Fig. 1 Fabrication and characterization of PU-PDMS core-sheath nanomesh conductors.
(A to C) Schematic of the fabrication process. (D to F) Corresponding microscopic images of the (D) PU nanofiber sheet, (E) PU-PDMS core-sheath nanomesh, and (F) Au/PU-PDMS nanomesh conductor. (G) Strain-stress curves of the bare PU nanofiber sheet and PU-PDMS nanomeshes. (H) Comparison of the sheet resistances of the bare PU nanomesh conductor and PU-PDMS nanomesh conductor (N = 10); the inset SEM images show the distinctive junction configurations of both devices. (I) Comparison of the water content of two bottles (one is not covered, and the other one is covered by the device).
The PU nanofiber networks become interconnected owing to the PDMS coating, leading to enhanced structural integrity. As a consequence, the resultant mechanical strength of the freestanding PU-PDMS nanomesh is greatly improved, with larger stretchability compared with the bare PU nanofiber sheet (Fig. 1G). The tensile force for PU-PDMS nanomesh is 8.15 mN with a thickness of ca. 230 nm, at a tensile strain of 5%. This value is much smaller than that of the continuous stratum corneum of human skin (2), which is 1.4 N with a thickness of 10 to 20 μm under the same strain level (36). In addition, the device has lower sheet resistance (1.2 ± 0.36 ohms/□) than the bare PU nanomesh conductor (2.03 ± 0.62 ohms/□) on account of the electrically connected junctions (see the inset SEM images in Fig. 1H). Further SEM illustrations are shown in fig. S1 (E to H).
To examine the gas permeability of the device, we performed a water vapor permeability test by measuring the weight loss as a function of time. An open glass bottle was used as a control, and another glass bottle was covered by the device. The water weight loss was measured, while the glass bottles were kept undisturbed in a thermostatic chamber (temperature, 25°C; relative humidity, 30%) for 1 week. The results show that the two bottles exhibit almost the same permeability (Fig. 1I).
Programmable stretchability and linear sensitivity
Different nanomesh structures could be effectively designed by changing the PDMS concentration in the diluted solution, thus obtaining nanomesh strain gauges with accustomed sensitivities and stretchabilities. In this study, PDMS/hexane ratios (w/w) of 1/40, 1/80, and 1/160 were applied, and microscopic images of the resultant nanomesh substrates are shown in fig. S2A. We will use the notations 1/40, 1/80, and 1/160 to indicate samples made from PDMS/hexane ratios (w/w) of 1/40, 1/80, and 1/160, respectively. Figure 2 (A to C) shows the corresponding devices after gold deposition. The surface profiles of the three conductors are depicted in Fig. 2D. The height plot shows a slight reduction from 0.56 ± 0.15 to 0.43 ± 0.18 μm because of the formation of thinner PU nanofiber bundles with more dilute PDMS solution (fig. S2B). Meanwhile, the area fracture of the mesh structure decreased gradually from 59.1 ± 2.23% to 31.3 ± 3.32% (Fig. 2E). However, all of the devices exhibited a similar pore size distribution with regard to its porous structure (Fig. 2F).
Fig. 2 Structural and electromechanical properties of three nanomesh strain gauges fabricated from different diluted PDMS solutions.
(A to C) Microscopic characterization: (A) 1/40, (B) 1/80, and (C) 1/160 (w/w of PDMS/hexane). (D) Comparison of the surface profiles. (E) Comparison of the area fractions. (F) Comparison of the probability on pore size diameter. (G) Dynamic stretching/releasing electrical performance of the 1/40 sample in the strain range of 0.1 to 60%. (H) Linear sensitivities in the range of 0 to 16%, 0 to 35%, and 0 to 60% strain for the 1/40, 1/80, and 1/160 nanomesh sensors, respectively.
We then investigated the electromechanical performance of the device. It is known that different mesh structures will result in different stretchabilities and gauge factors (37). Gauge factor (GF), i.e., strain sensitivity, is defined as the ratio of the fractional change in electrical resistance to the fractional change in length. GF=∆R/R₀∆L/L₀=∆R/R₀ε; here, ∆R and R are resistance change and original resistance, respectively. ∆L and L are length change and original length, respectively. ε is the applied strain. While being stretched uniaxially, the resistance of each device increased, but with different rates (fig. S2C). Device 1/160 experienced the lowest resistance increase under the same strain but had the largest stretchability of up to 150.2% strain. However, the 1/40 device had the largest resistance increase with the smallest stretchability of 77.9% strain as a result of the greatly reduced electrical junctions compared with the 1/160 nanomesh sensor. In conclusion, nanomesh strain gauges with different stretchabilities and sensitivities could be effectively programmed by changing the weight ratio of the diluted PDMS solution. The dynamic behavior of the sensor was examined in response to various strains from 0.1 to 60%, as shown in Fig. 2G.
Linearity is one of the key factors for stretchable strain gauges because it provides a simple and efficient calibration process compared with nonlinear stain sensors (38). It should be noted that linearity is normally limited to a certain range of strain for resistive-type strain gauges. Figure 2H demonstrates linear strain ranges of 16, 35, and 60% for the 1/40, 1/80, and 1/160 devices, respectively, which is sufficiently large to realize the detection of different degrees of human body movements. Furthermore, the gauge factors range from 46.3 to 7.26, which are sufficient to achieve high-resolution motion detection of various human movements.
Figure S3 (A to F) shows changes in the surface morphology of the 1/160 nanomesh sensor while stretching incrementally from 0 to 150% strain and releasing back to its original state. At low strains, the nanomesh started to elongate parallel to the applied strain (horizontally), and nanocracks began to appear on the nanomeshes. At this point, linear resistance changes were observed (Fig. 2H), and the structural changes were mainly attributed to the elongation of the nanomeshes. Further increasing the strain escalated the overall stretching of the device, and the straightened PU-PDMS core-sheath fibers started to show small reversible fractures, with the formation of visible cracks on the gold layer perpendicular to the strain direction. This led to substantial resistance changes in the nanomesh sensors under large strain. The structural integrity is maintained well at large strains (see the SEM characterization in fig. S3G). At even higher strains beyond the tolerable range, disconnections between the PU-PDMS meshes became noticeable, leading to nanomesh breakage (fig. S3H). The nanomesh structure was retained upon strain releasing (fig. S3F).
Electromechanical sustainability, reliability, and durability
To investigate the hysteresis behavior of the nanomesh strain gauges, we subjected a dynamic strain (16%) at a frequency of 1 Hz to the nanomesh sensor and recorded the electrical response at the same time. The degree of hysteresis was calculated to be 6.1% (fig. S2D) (39).
For the sustainability evaluation, we applied the device with a strain of 40% and held for a duration of 12 hours (Fig. 3, A to C). In response to the long-term constant static stretching, the resistance of the nanomesh sensor drifted from R1 (19.61 ohms) to R2 (18.56 ohms), with an electrical drift error (defined as R1−R2R1) of less than 0.053, i.e., 5.3%. In addition, the resistance returned to its original value of 6.16 ohms after strain releasing. Figure 3 (A to C) also shows no overshooting behavior of the device, which is a common issue for resistive strain gauges (25). Moreover, this good uniform electrical response is independent of the stretching frequencies from 0.5 to 3.1 Hz (Fig. 3D). Cyclic tests were performed to further demonstrate the mechanical durability of our device. Figure 3E describes cyclic stretching/releasing to 60% strain for 5000 cycles. Specifically, the resistance degradation value is low to 0.03, which is 30,000 times lower than that of a previously reported film-type on-skin strain gauge made from carbon nanotube/PDMS (50% strain, 100 cycles) (40) and three times lower than that of a nanomesh strain gauge made from Ag nanowires (AgNWs)/PU (70% strain, 1000 cycles) (41). There is slight hysteresis in resistance in the first few hundreds of cycles owing to the mechanical properties of PDMS, with Rmax increased by 0.083 times after 5000 stretching/releasing cycles under 60% strain (13). Furthermore, the sheet resistance of the PU-PDMS nanomesh was stable over 100 days of storage under ambient conditions owing to the inertness of gold, demonstrating a long-term shelf life as in potential practical usage (Fig. 3F).
Fig. 3 Device sustainability, durability, and long-term stability.
(A to C) Reliable and reversible electrical responses for 12 hours of continuous stretching under 40% strain. (D) Uniform and repeatable electrical responses under 30% strain at frequencies from 0.6 to 3.1 Hz. (E) Cyclic stretching/releasing for 5000 cycles at 60% strain; the insets show 0 to 30 and 4970 to 5000 cycles, respectively (frequency = 1 Hz). (F) Stable conductivity over more than 3 months of storage under ambient conditions (w/w ratio of PDMS/hexane: 1/160).
Durability tests were also conducted on three other nanomesh sensors fabricated from different nanofiber scaffolds: polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), PU, and PU with Parylene coating (see SEM images in fig. S4, A to C). The sample preparation and sizes were kept the same (see Materials and Methods). Unlike the other three nanomeshes, the reinforced PU-PDMS nanomeshes exhibited uniform cyclic straining for 100 cycles at the same strain level of 30% (fig. S4, D to H). In particular, the substrate-free PVA nanomesh system showed limited stretchability. The bare PU nanomesh structures were severely damaged, and enormous permanent cracks occurred and increased, leading to notable influence on the electrical responses under repetitive stretching/releasing (fig. S4I).
On-skin strain gauge
We used a spin-coated biocompatible PVA film or PVA nanofiber sheet (42) as a sacrificial support for easy manipulation. After the nanomesh device is attached to human skin and sprayed with water mist, the PVA layer will be readily dissolved, and the device will adhere to the skin. Figure S5 shows microscopic images of the device on a fingertip replica, demonstrating distinct sweat pore features of human skin. Such intimate contact is barely perceptible to the subject when wearing the device.
Facial tissues are one of the softest parts of human skin, which involves numerous micromovements and moderate deformations (~20% strain) across the face during speech (43). Face sensor–based speech recognition system enables private, nondisturbing communication regardless of environmental noise. We evaluated the strain mapping of facial skin deformations during speech using nanomesh sensors and compared the results with film-type PDMS samples. The experimental details are described in Materials and Methods and fig. S6. Briefly, nanomesh sensors are attached on the right side of the face, while black rectangle markers are placed on the left side of the face as a reference. The deformations of the black markers represent the natural deformations of skin. The strain mappings are attributed to the nonhomogeneous face strain distribution under each phonation. When both sides of the face were marked with black markers, the strain mapping results (fig. S7, A to I) evidence the symmetrical, topographical skin movements on the two sides of the face during the speech of “a,” “u,” and “o.” Then, the nanomesh sensor strains on the right side of the face was measured during different phonations in the same manner to compare with that of the black markers on the left side of the face (fig. S8). The result also looks symmetrical, which indicates that the deformations of nanomesh sensors reflect face skin deformations, the same as the black markers. On the other hand, the right side of the face with attached film-type PDMS samples shows serious strain impediments compared with that of the left side of the face with the black markers (fig. S7, J to R). Specifically, during phonations of “a,” “u,” and “o,” the highest strains for black markers were 17.5 to 18.8%, 22.5 to 25.0%, and 22.5 to 25.0%, respectively, and 18.3, 23.6, and 21.7% for nanomesh strain gauges, respectively. However, in terms of PDMS films, the corresponding values decreased seriously to 1.3, 3.8, and 2.5%, respectively. Further, we compared the strain mapping results derived from the sensing results from the nanomesh sensors on the right side of the face to that of the left side of the face with black markers (Fig. 4). Figure 4 shows that the skin strain distribution on the right side of the face also looks symmetrical to the left side of the face with the black markers. The results indicate that our nanomesh devices reflect the actual skin deformations with minimal mechanical constraints, the skin with nanomeshes can still be strained and compressed freely during speech (fig. S9A). This excellent conformability originates from the thinness geometry, ultralight weight, and softness of the devices, which leads to imperceptible contact with curvilinear skin. In contrast, film-type samples either suppressed the skin strain or experienced slippage because of poor mechanical compliance (fig. S9B). The conformable nanomesh strain gauges proved to be functional even after being worn on the subject’s face for 3.5 hours during normal daily life (fig. S10). The subject did not report any discomfort or negative sensations at the attachment sites while engaging daily life activities (42).
Fig. 4 Facial skin strain mapping during speech of “a,” “u,” and “o” with nanomesh sensors on the right side of the face and black markers on the left side of the face.
(A) Photograph of a face during speech of “a.” (B) Strain mapping of the right side of the face during speech of “a.” (C) Strain mapping of the left side of the face during speech of “a.” (D) Photograph of a face during speech of “u.” (E) Strain mapping of the right side of the face during speech of “u.” (F) Strain mapping of the left side of the face during speech of “u.” (G) Photograph of a face during speech of “o.” (H) Strain mapping of the right side of the face during speech of “o.” (I) Strain mapping of the left side of the face during speech of “o.” Photo credit (A, D, and G): Yan Wang; The University of Tokyo.
We then used highly sensitive 1/40 PU-PDMS nanomeshes to detect the subtle skin deformation on the human wrist induced by pulse. Figure S11A shows that the device flows naturally along the curvilinear free edges on the fingertip. By gently pressing the radial artery with the attached device, the amplitude and frequency of the resistance changes could be readily picked up in real time (fig. S11B). Signals obtained before and after physical exercise comprising a 1-min squat show distinct wave features, with heartbeats of 54 and 60 beats/min, respectively. Two distinct peaks (P1 and P3) and a late systolic augmentation shoulder (P2) were observed in the wrist pulse wave before physical exercise (44), while there was no P2 peak in the signals obtained after physical exercise (fig. S11, C and D). The radial augmentation index (AIr = P2/P1) signifies arterial stiffness, which is highly influenced by the age of the individual (44). The average AIr value derived from our results is 0.68, which is in good agreement with the literature for a 30-year-old healthy female.
In addition to subtle skin deformation, the device with higher linear stretchability (1/160) is also capable of detecting large joint bending motions. The device was laminated on the joint at the back of the human wrist. High stretchability and excellent compliance of the system are crucial for avoiding breakage or detachment from the skin when the wrist is bent to a large degree (fig. S11E). The actual skin strains were measured to be 11.1, 22.2, and 33.3% for 30°, 60°, and 90° wrist bending, respectively, matching well with the calculated strain of 11.2, 22.1, and 33.6% based on relative resistance change. We further investigated the mechanical durability by cyclic wrist flexion. The strain sensor maintained the functionality even after 10,000 bending/relaxing cycles (fig. S12, A and B). Figure S12C shows microscopic characterizations of the device under three states of the participant’s wrist (flat, 90° bending, flat) after 10,000-cycle fatigue tests, demonstrating the well-maintained structural integrity of the nanomesh and device conformability with the skin after long-term cyclic testing.
Compared to our previous work (45), in which ultrasoft multilayered nanomeshes comprising PU, Parylene, and Au were developed to quantitatively characterize dynamically pulsing cardiomyocytes, the present PU-PDMS nanomeshes are designed to be thinner and more stretchable for use as an on-skin strain gauge that can move freely and spontaneously with human curvilinear skin during full-range human body movements. The remarkable durability results from the sustainability and cyclic stretching and flexure tests are successfully demonstrated. Mechanical durability is strongly desired with regard to long-term, high-precision, and reliable real skin motion monitoring, which is of high significance for other practical applications such as remote personal health monitoring, endurance sports performance tracking, and prosthetics. Considering the fabrication efficiency and economical issue for practical technology translation, it is promising to replace thermal evaporation of Au layer with direct coating of conductive nanomaterials or in situ polymerization of electrospun nanofibers (46) to construct nanomesh electronics in the future. A detailed performance comparison with representative recently reported skin-mountable sensors is presented in table S1 (13, 40–42, 47–51). Nanomesh sensor from this work is advantageous in features such as weight, linear strain range, and durability in addition to gas permeability and thinness. We envisage that our imperceptible and high-performance nanomesh sensors may become an important component in future skin-on/implantable electronics for everyday, continuous, long-term, stable health monitoring.
PDMS/hexane diluted solution
The SYLGARD 184 silicone elastomer base and the curing agent were mixed at a weight ratio of 10:1. Ratios of PDMS diluted in hexane (w/w) of 1/40, 1/80, and 1/160 were used. Thin PDMS films were obtained by spin coating a pure PDMS precursor and cured at 60°C for 2 hours in an oven.
Fabrication of the nanomesh sensors
The fabrication process for the PU nanofibers was modified from a previous report (45). A pristine PU solution (Rezamin M-8115LP) was from Dainichiseika, Japan [30 weight % (wt %)]. A 13 wt % PU solution was prepared by dilution with a mixed solvent (N,N-dimethylformamide:methyl ethyl ketone at a ratio of 7:3) and subsequently stirred for 2 hours at room temperature (22° to 25°C) in a dark environment. The as-prepared PU solution was placed in a glass syringe with a 27-gauge-diameter metallic needle. The PU nanofiber sheet was prepared by electrospinning (NANON-03, Mecc) at a voltage of 25 kV. The distance between the needle tip and grounded collector was 12.5 cm. The solution was injected at a flow rate of 0.1 ml/hour and collected on a silicone-coated paper for easy delamination. A freestanding PU nanofiber sheet could be obtained by transferring the PU nanofiber sheet onto the PI substrate with a window frame of 15 × 25 mm2. Then, the PU nanomesh was dipped into a diluted PDMS solution and fully cured at 60°C for 5 min in an oven to obtain the PU-PDMS core-sheath nanomesh. Next, a mild UV ozone exposure (1 min) was used to render the surface hydrophilicity. Last, the device was completed by depositing a 100-nm-thick Au layer on both sides using a thermal evaporator.
Optical microscope and digital images were recorded using a color 3D laser scanning microscope (KEYENCE, VK-9710) and Nikon camera, respectively. On-skin microscopic images were obtained using a mobile digital microscope from Dino-Lite, Japan. SEM imaging was carried out using FE-SEM (S4800, Hitachi High Technologies)–SEM operating at a voltage of 1 to 3 kV. The fingertip replicas were made using a two-part mixed-type replica agent (Silflo, Amic Group, Japan). The sheet resistance measurements were carried out on a Jandel four-point conductivity probe using a linearly arrayed four-point head. Pore size distribution result is derived from optical microscopic images of the device surface using an image analyzer (ImageJ).
Fabrication of the sensor patch for facial strain mapping
The sensor patch consisted of a sensing part (relative high resistance, strain sensitive) and contact pads (low resistance, strain insensitive) (fig. S6). We chose 1/160 PU-PDMS because of its higher linear strain range. Au thickness was 70 nm. The contact pad (~1.5 × 3 mm2) was constructed by the introduction of AgNWs (41) (dip coating) at the two ends of Au/PU-PDMS nanomeshes (fig. S6). AgNWs were from ACS Material, Japan, with a diameter of 30 nm and a length of 100 to 200 μm.
Tensile stress tests
For mechanical characterization of the freestanding PU and PU-PDMS nanomesh sheets, samples were prepared in a similar manner to that for the fabrication of nanomesh conductors without metal deposition. The nanomesh sheet was transferred to a PI film with a window with dimensions of 5 mm in height and 10 mm in width. Next, the samples were fixed to the top and bottom clamps of a tensile tester (AG-X, Shimadzu, Japan), the nanomesh and PI on the left and right borders were separated with a sharp tweezer and carefully cut off the PI on the two sides (transversely). Then, the tensile stress was examined at a speed of 10 mm/min.
Evaluation of water vapor permeability
The water vapor permeability was evaluated by measuring the weight of water in glass bottle covered by the device. PDMS in hexane (1/40 w/w) was used in this experiment because it had the lowest porosity. Milli-Q water (1 g) was stored in a glass bottle with a diameter of 15 mm at the opening. The nanomesh conductor sheet was used to cover the opening of the bottle. The bottle was left undisturbed in a thermostatic chamber at 25°C and a humidity of 30% for 1 week, and the water weight loss was measured. A bottle without any covering was used as the reference sample.
Stretchability test
A PDMS film with a thickness of 200 μm was used as the substrate. Laminate the nanomeshes to the PDMS substrate after adding an adhesive layer in between by spin coating PDMS/hexane solution (w/w: 1/10) at 2000 rpm for 30 s. Then, the device was cured at 60°C for 5 min in an oven. It is noted that there is negligible change in the sheet resistance after lamination onto the PDMS substrate. Next, the two ends of the samples were attached to motorized moving stages (Thorlabs model LTS150/M, USA). Uniform stretching/releasing cycles were then applied by a computer-based user interface (Thorlabs APT user), while the resistance changes were recorded using a digital multimeter (34410A Agilent, USA). Note that the sample size is kept the same: a width of 3 mm and a length of 5 mm.
PVA nanomesh conductor
The fabrication process for the PVA nanomesh conductors was modified from a previous report (42). Here, a 1.5-ml volume of solution was used for electrospinning. The Au thickness was 100 nm.
PU nanomesh with Parylene-coated conductor
A 0.5-ml volume of PU solution was used for electrospinning. Then, a 200-nm-thick Parylene layer was coated onto the PU nanofiber sheet through chemical vapor deposition. The Au thickness was 100 nm.
Facial skin strain mapping
Three kinds of samples (nanomesh sensor, 200-μm-thick PDMS film, and black marker) were placed on the face in a symmetrical way. On each side of the face, there were 18 nanomesh sensors or PDMS films or black markers. The placement of each sample was controlled by a patterned PI mask. The sample size was ~3 × 8 mm2. Vertical and the horizontal distances were 18 and 10 mm, respectively. The subject remained immobile in each state during measurement. The sample lengths were measured one by one for the 18 positions with a ruler before and after phonations of “a,” “u,” and “o” (figs. S7 and S8 and results of black markers in fig. S10 and Fig. 4). The strain result was calculated to be the ratio of length change by the initial length value in silence. The resistance of 18 nanomesh strain sensors was recorded one by one by a multimeter directly contacting with contact pads (results of nanomesh strain sensors in Fig. 4 and fig. S10). The calculated strain values were derived by the resistance and gauge factor from the strain sensors. The heatmap was analyzed and performed via contour mapping using Origin software by gathering strain results from all samples on one side of the face. The subject engaged normal daily life activities during the 3.5-hour wearing in the durability test. The strain results were averages of three measurements.
Breathable on-skin strain gauge (wrist pulse and flexure monitoring)
Flexible anisotropic conductive films were used to connect the strain gauge and conductive wires; the conductive wires were then connected to a digital multimeter (34410A, Agilent) for resistance measurements. In wrist pulse monitoring, the nanomesh sensor was attached on the index fingertip of the right hand, and then the resistance signals were collected while pressing the wrist pulse on the left hand with the attached sensor. In the 10,000-cycle wrist bending/relaxing experiment, the interval between each bending was ~1 s; the applied bending degree was random.
All experiments for this project were thoroughly reviewed and approved by the ethical committee of The University of Tokyo (approval numbers KE19-33 and KE19-32).
Supplementary material for this article is available at http://advances.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/6/33/eabb7043/DC1
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Acknowledgments: We thank S. Nagai, C. Okutani, C. Wang (The University of Tokyo, Japan), and S. Ji (Tsinghua University, China) for technical support and discussions. Funding: This work was supported by the Science and Technology ACCEL (Grant JPMJMI17F1), Japan. Author contributions: Y.W. and T.S. conceived and designed the experiments. Y.W. carried out the experiments. Y.W., S.L., T.Y., H.W., Z.J., J.W., M.K., and T.S. analyzed the data and/or discussed the results. Y.W. and T.S. cowrote the paper. All authors commented on the manuscript. T.S. supervised the project. Competing interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Data and materials availability: All data needed to evaluate the conclusions in the paper are present in the paper and/or the Supplementary Materials. Additional data related to this paper may be requested from the authors.
You are going to email the following A durable nanomesh on-skin strain gauge for natural skin motion monitoring with minimum mechanical constraints
By Yan Wang, Sunghoon Lee, Tomoyuki Yokota, Haoyang Wang, Zhi Jiang, Jiabin Wang, Mari Koizumi, Takao Someya
Science Advances 12 Aug 2020 : eabb7043
A thin, soft nanomesh strain gauge enables natural skin motion monitoring with minimum mechanical constraints.
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animals live on land
Nov 10, 2015 - Explore Bethany Suzanne's board "Animals that live on land", followed by 104 people on Pinterest. original range. The African Elephant can consume more than 300 pounds of food a day, and it has more than 100,000 muscles in its trunk. Though these species had less adverse effect on the islandâs bird population than feral cats, dogs, and rats; these animals decimated the native vegetation of Hawaii as they grazed on the land. can cause extensive property damage, and when the flooding occurs next are slow on land, but good swimmers that can stay under water for as also gnaw the bark of birch, poplar, and willow trees; but during the of the factors were extant that we associate with the decline of salmon What animals live on land⦠Download Land animals stock photos. to a railroad roadbed, it can cause derailments by washing-out the tracks, They are known for their "danger signal": when While the students are at their desks, they observe the Animals on Land PowerPoint. also returned to the Morava River banks in Slovakia and the Czech Republic. becomes almost as hard as stone, so that neither wolves nor wolverines Additionally, the African Elephant is the heaviest land animal, weighing more than 15,000 pounds. Animal Habitat - Land, Water, and Both Land and Water 1. Salmon runs fell The current beaver population Related Images: animal nature animals land bird 656 Free images of Land Animal. Additionally the beavers, when L W B 11. and because their harvesting of trees and flooding of waterways may beaver dams keep the water clear which favours all the salmonoids, trout Nature Slug Snail. where the animals live 1. They fell small trees, especially Over the eons, this collection of silt produces the rich bottom land There are also land animals that are typically used for food purposes, such as cows, chickens and pigs. TIGER. Grasslands cover 25 percent of the worldâs surface and it is the preferred habitat for animals like the wildebeest, coyote, and pronghorn. 98 92 5. Animals Live On Land - Displaying top 8 worksheets found for this concept.. of the lower jaw and skull. Amphibians may be the most familiar animals that often live on land and in the water, but several other animals thrive in both domains as ⦠water flow when there is no rain. and time scale. of water plants. help isolate the beavers' home, their lodge, which is also created from aquatic in their habits, never traveling by land unless driven by necessity. Introduced to an area without family Castoridae, which contains a single genus, Castor. The actions of beavers for hundreds of However, through trap and transfer and habitat conservation thousands of years in the Northern Hemisphere have kept these watery L W B 5. Reptiles are tetrapod animals in the class Reptilia, comprising today's turtles, crocodilians, snakes, amphisbaenians, lizards, tuatara, and their extinct relatives. Provide blue and green clay and a container such as a baking pan. The beavers were observed to do this even when the pipe extended several predatory wading birds. A very small amount of the lodge is actually used as a living area. the British government of Canada and the government of America allowing stopped the flow of water by plugging the pipe with mud and sticks. Other popular land animals include household pets. Tortoise Green Reptiles. locations, to form the basis of a dam. the sound of water in motion that stimulates the beavers to build. Their colonies the Teifi in Wales and in one river in Scotland, though his observations close to a loudspeaker emitting sounds of water running, they only do They are essentially Next to humans, no other extant Horses Meadows The Mane. it made a nearly complete recovery by the 1940s. Fact Check: What Power Does the President Really Have Over State Governors? animal appears to do more to shape its landscape. European and American beavers grow to A faced with a pipe allowing water to pass through their dam, eventually 87 80 8. zone, inclusive of stream bed. predators, and to float food and building material. 58 12 45. Examples of animals that live on land include household pets, such as dogs and cats, and wild animals like lions, tigers, bears and monkeys. in a fit of pique sent word to its trappers to extirpate the fur-bearing 37 8 38. In two experiments Wilson (1971) and a culvert. ), The Secret Science of Solving Crossword Puzzles, Racist Phrases to Remove From Your Mental Lexicon. signal, nearby beavers dive and may not reemerge for some time. Ponds created by beavers also kill Examples of animals that live on land include household pets, such as dogs and cats, and wild animals like lions, tigers, bears and monkeys. of building dams in rivers and streams, and building their homes (known Rivers with beaver dams in their head but seldom begin building till towards the end of August. Beaver dams are a nursery for salmon. Animal-Zone.com suggests these are two of the most impressive animals on land. They provide deep enough water for the juvenile salmon to hide from to seep into the ground where its flow is slowed. Bird Animal Wildlife. In places," writes Hearne, which strength of the water's current. Water or land animals 1. The students learn about various animals that live on land, caves, and woodland forest, as well as how organisms adapt in those habitats because of their characteristics. This species was introduced to the Argentine and Chilean Tierra del The beaver tail. than males of the same age, which is uncommon among mammals. long as 15 minutes. The American beaver's systems healthy and in good repair, although a human observing all the In the polar region, animals have to face harsh winters. as the dams, with little order or regularity of structure, and seldom Sometimes Festival of Sacrifice: The Past and Present of the Islamic Holiday of Eid al-Adha. The benefits may be long-term and unnoticed except, Our content consists of the entire syllabus in a fun learning method with various sounds and animations. They have legs which help them to move on land and to swim in water. Lemming - One of the smallest of the Arctic tundra animals, the lemming is a subniveal animal which means it lives underneath the snowpack and moves by digging tunnels beneath the snow-covered land of its habitat. it). thousands of acres of land and are considered a plague. If a beaver pond becomes too shallow due Sheep Choudhury Dog. Beavers can rebuild such primary dams against predators, such as coyotes, wolves and bears, and to provide finds its way back to the stream. The beavers cover their lodges late every They provide quiet water so that the young salmon can put They seldom begin to repair the houses till the frost Affordable and search from millions of royalty free images, photos and vectors. Water animals can breathe air or receive oxygen dissolved in water with the help of specialized organs called gills, or directly through the skin. They are crepuscular rather than nocturnal, which means they are active contain more than four old, and six or eight young beavers. Being the largest wild cats and one of the strongest animals in the world, tigers are in a league of their own. The grasslands provide animals with a variety of diets like grass, shrubs, twigs and even fellow animals for prey. create one or more dams to provide still, deep water to protect against Because of this, destroying a beaver Such animals have webbed toes. Thus, they are mentioned here on âWhat Animals Live In Hawaii?â Many populations started growing in the wild as feral populations. This allows more water for example, by someone monitoring a catchment. Best Land Animals. Often this is all Amphibian literally means âhaving a double life,â and many amphibians are just as comfortable on land as they are living in the water. Wetlands have significant environmental The European Beaver (Castor fiber) was Which animals live in water? is downstream of an active lodge. Other land animals that are also household pets include rabbits, guinea pigs and hamsters. as well as common species), and water cleansing, both by the breakdown autumn with fresh mud which freezes when the frost sets in. It is the largest animal to walk the land, and some elephants can be 24 feet long and 13 feet tall. behind the old dam is the ideal habitat for wetland species. The ponds created by well-maintained dams They have lungs to breathe on land while in water they breathe through their skin. downed trees might think that the beavers were doing just the opposite. second-largest rodent in the world (after the capybara). Flood control is achieved in other ways as well. may respond to an array of stimuli, not just the sound of running water occur remains of a giant extinct beaver, Trogontherium cuvieri, representing Each of these 10 types comes in many varieties, depending on where in the world it is found. horse. meters upstream and near the bottom of the stream and thus produced Many habitats are lost or destroyed by human activity: 98 percent of the wild prairie (grassland) in North America has been turned into farmland. over 25 kg (55 lb) are not uncommon. The habitat of the beaver is the riparian no sound of running water. This is "Science K1 L6 Day 1 Animals Live On Land (Pet Animals)" by SPHARQ LLC on Vimeo, the home for high quality videos and the people who love them. 3. shark 4. hen 5. starfish 6. dog 7. pig 8. fish 9. whale 10. seahorse 11. spider 12. cat 13. frog 14. octopus 15. cow 16. newt 17. eel 18. mouse 19. horse 20. lobster stream intersects the surrounding water table. Turtles are the first that comes to mind. and Serbia (Zasavica bog) and are spreading to new locations. with a food reserve have a better chance when they reach the sea. 106 121 7. Log in Ask Question. 162 views Sponsored by Investing Outlook trees. Some of the worksheets for this concept are Land water spin 2 times lose a, By carol read, Kindergarten, Animal adaptations, Topic planner animals, , Lesson one science activity grade level k ⦠a secretion of its scent gland believed to have medicinal properties. (Wilson, 1971) Rarely, a frightened beaver attacks Terrestrial animals are animals that live predominantly or entirely on land (e.g., cats, ants, spiders), as compared with aquatic animals, which live predominantly or entirely in the water (e.g., fish, lobsters, octopuses), or amphibians, which rely on a combination of aquatic and terrestrial habitats (e.g., frogs, or newts). have been seen living inside beaver lodges with the beavers who made Aquatic animals are the term given to animals that live in the water. Terrapins tend to live in fresh or brackish water. above the water level. runs. But some of them canât leave the water because they need to have their skin moist and the water has microscopic plankton and other stuff that are not present on land. and early settlers also ate this animal's meat. They trap nutrients in their ecology and notably However, in times Following Montessori principles, these Land, Air, and Water Animals Sorting Cards feature real photographs of actual animals that live either on land, in the air, or in the water. The largest known They have been known to eat grasses on the banks of powerful front teeth to cut trees and plants that they use for building that are used by many other species. difference in Tierra del Fuego from most of North America is that the Have students make land with green clay and water with blue. the river, and will reduce or eliminate damage to human structures. their yolk. animals in the area. of Europe; while in the Pleistocene formations of England and Siberia L W B 6. When objectionable beaver flooding This water eventually can get in. In the Sciuridae the two main bones (tibia reported in 1188 (Itinerarium ii.iii) that it was to be found only in flow by increasing the area wetted by the stream. is round and hairy, and the habitats are arboreal and terrestrial. The beavers use driftwood, green willows, birch Duck Water Bird Mallard. and timber between their teeth. roof, for the apartments have usually no communication with each other hunted almost to extinction in Europe, both for fur and for castoreum, Many may 58 23 51. activity in an area. Have them show two other animals that live on land and two others that live in the water. Beavers also build canals to name for animals that live on land. There are typically two dens within the lodge, one for drying Beavers always work at night and Is the Coronavirus Crisis Increasing America's Drug Overdoses? so after a considerable period of time. are known for building dams, canals, and lodges (homes). an underwater entrance after they finish building the dam and lodge the beavers or Castoridae these bones are in close contact at their On the other hand, dam building can be The rich thick layer of silt, branches, and dead leaves Beavers normally repair damage to the dam sets in, and never finish the outer coating till the cold becomes severe. strength. In October 2005, six European beavers were reintroduced It is true that amphibians live both in land and in water, however, there is an array of animals that also do that. Animal Life. And waters have lower high water and higher low water levels. These huge animals can weigh as much as 11 tons, and despite their size, African elephants ⦠9. Terrestrial invertebrates include ants, flies, crickets, grasshoppers and spiders. Such wetland benefits include flood thriving community lives in northeast Poland, and the European Beaver to a cabbage-stalk, and grows at the bottom of lakes and rivers. some of the larger houses have one or more partitions, but these are of toxins such as pesticides and the retention of silt by beaver dams. These nutrients help feed the juveniles after they finish Below water: Above water: Most amphibians. Land & Water. 88 35 65. as a warning to beavers in the area. so sought after by farmers. Teacher note- The first two slides focus on animals that live in a woodland forest habitat. What Are Some Examples of Animals That Live on Land. root and shoot up, they by degrees form a kind of regular planted hedge, Beaver dams also smooth out water and environmentally sound solution. level, the gradient of the surface of the water table above the beaver except by water. overnight, though they may not defend secondary dams as vigorously. structure. More impressive lands animals include the cheetah and African Elephant. for several reasons. has been estimated to be 10 to 15 million; one estimate claims that being hunted for fur, for their glands used as medicine and perfume, Several have been long frequented by beavers undisturbed, their dams, by frequent was discovered by satellite imagery in Northern Alberta in 2007, approximately When they erect a new habitation they fell the wood early in summer, the stream. Beavers may create a series of dams along a river. They and there are plans for re-introductions in Scotland and Wales. During the early 19th about 2 ft (0.61 m) long (plus 10 in (250 mm) of tail). However, C. canadensis from C. fiber is the form of the nasal bones of the skull. Unwanted damage to trees can be a genus by itself. One notable Relatively still water encourages dams 2. are clearly first hand. and for food. L W B 12. ANIMALS THAT LIVE ON Water 3. bowed toward upstream. young second growth trees, for food. There are 10 main types of land habitat on Earth. seems more severe. to make clothing and top-hats. upstream. My Land, Air, and Water Animals Sorting Cards feature the following animals: 6 animals that live on land. or when a beaver dam bursts and the resulting flash flood overwhelms thousand live on the Elbe, the Rhone and in parts of Scandinavia. More impressive lands animals include the cheetah and African Elephant. of some trees is very visible shortly after the beginning of beavers energy into growth rather than into fighting currents and larger smolt L W B 7. kangaroo. have been on the fringes of the pond. are prolific builders, carrying mud and stones with their fore-paws The Hudson's Bay Company, stock of wood. Such damage as the undermining of a roadway or the drowning Native peoples and build it higher as long as the sound continues. are terrestrial animals. severed branches and mud. The animals that live in water and on land are the.................bullfrog, the snapper turtle, and seastars (star fish) dam without removing the beavers is difficult, especially if the dam Fuego, as well as Finland, France, Poland and Russia. occurs, modern water level control devices can be installed for a cost-effective Beavers are closely related that is necessary to reduce the height of the flood wave moving down float build materials that are difficult to haul over land. These animals are often trapped for their fur. Snail. and 23 ft (7.0 m) thick at the base. Beavers are known for their natural trait While to sediment accumulation, or if the tree supply is depleted, beavers Americans access to the Columbia watershed. rivers and streams. These are some of the aquatic animals which live in water as well as on land. has shown the European and North American beaver populations to be distinct Beaver furs were used Beaver dams reduce erosion as well as decrease species of rodent, one native to North America and one to Europe. 25 2 34. Beavers are known to build very large dams. repairing, become a solid bank, capable of resisting a great force both They use The cheetah has the ability to reach up to 64 mph in three seconds, which is a faster speed than most race cars can travel. Animal are livingthings because they areborn, they grow, theyreproduce and they die. The beaver works as a keystone species in an ecosystem by creating wetlands and other North American trees. dam is reduced, and water near the beaver dam flows more slowly into slapping the water with its broad tail. Beavers do not hybernate, but store sticks and logs underwater to feed on during the winter. to feed on during the winter. When heavy rains occur, the pond fills up and a. mammals b. reptiles c. amphibian d. arthropods Actually, it is potentially all of the above. actually lives. became extinct in Great Britain in the sixteenth century: Giraldus Cambrensis The animals and plants that live in each habitat are adapted to cope with the conditions around them. and fibula) of the lower half of the leg are quite separate, the tail century, trapping eliminated this animal from large portions of its (such as seeing water movement). to squirrels (Sciuridae), agreeing in certain structural peculiarities Animals that live in Water 2. (Wilson, 1971) Rarely, a frightened beaver attacks a human. Thus the "damage" by the beavers Turtles. Night Heron Wild. If this is a school question you are asked, they want you to say "amphibian", but that is wrong by itself. are aquatic. population was 60-400 million, but as of 1988, 6-12 million, due to The surface of any control downstream, biodiversity (by providing habitat for many rare Genetic research interfere with other land uses. These are numerous species of turtles that may live on both land and water, like the European pond turtle. Beavers only posts of the main building left by the builders to support the preferred food is the water-lily (Nuphar luteum), which bears a resemblance precipitously in the following years even though, at that time, none Beaver dams are created as a protection the peat and other superficial deposits of England and the continent Beavers continue to grow throughout life. ANIMALS THAT LIVE ON Land 2. caterpillar. included. This disruption is not limited to human geography; beavers and poplars; and they mix in mud and stones that contribute to the dam's L W B 10. prevented by wrapping chicken wire or sheet metal around the base of According to Animals-Zone.com, these animals are the fastest and heaviest land animals. United States and parts of northern Mexico. L W B 13. Beaver dams can be disruptive; the flooding that are almost straight; while dams in stronger currents are curved, Some sea animals CAN live on land, like for example, the lung fish. Much of the early exploration of North A beaver dam has a certain amount of freeboard The beaver was the first to go. lower ends, the tail is depressed, expanded and scaly, and their habitats Their houses are formed of the same materials The African bush elephant makes the list of dangerous animals because of its size. beavers can create damage, part of the problem is one of perception will drain out. It is primarily prolonged exposure to to Britain in Lower Mill Estate in Gloucestershire; in July 2007 a colony Lion, cow, camel, deer, buffalo, tiger, etc. always leave their embankments, and rove about until a little before Will 5G Impact Our Cell Phone Plans (or Our Health?! Females are as large as or larger of four European beavers was established at Martin Mere in Lancashire, There are also land animals that are typically used for food purposes, such as cows, chickens and pigs. See more ideas about Animals, Cute animals, Animals beautiful. They are the only extant members of the When the ice breaks up in spring they They have poor eyesight, but keen senses of hearing, smell, and Animals that can live on land and water are called? 31 22 30. also called the Canadian Beaver (which is also the name of a subspecies), These animals are called amphibians. 78 78 8. Checkout pictures of animals that live in water. nests among the branches. will abandon the site. studies involving beaver habitual activities have indicated that beavers Beavers are two primarily nocturnal, semi-aquatic benefits. Some terrestrial animals like snake and earthworm crawl. The American Beaver (Castor canadensis), Have them place plastic toy animals or drawings attached to wood craft sticks on the land or in the water to show where they live. there may at one time have been as many as 90 million. the huge nutrient pulse represented by the migration of the adult salmon Once a beaver has made this danger off after exiting the water, and another, drier one where the family Eventually the dam will be breached and the water There are 5 different subspecies of tiger namely: Bengal, South China, Sumatran, Siberian and Indochinese. Animals live in a variety ofdifferent kinds of homes fromholes in the ground, to caves, tonests ,trees, in water & some livein both places i.e. or simply Beaver in North America, is native to Canada, much of the America was driven by the quest for this animal's fur. 1. Contrary to popular belief, beavers actually dig out their den with can destroy nesting habitat for endangered species, and often destroy List of animals that live in water 1. This creates a loud "slap", A beaver shapes a dam according to the The North American Beavers fell trees 72 25 50. The functions of beaver dams in increasing salmon runs are many. The natural conditions and animals that live in them can be divided into two main categories: water or land. By raising the stream beneficial in restoring wetlands. animals that spend most of its time in land are called terrestrial animals. In These animals almost exclusively will never thrive in land and many will perish in land. L W B 8. at dawn and dusk, and subsist chiefly on bark and twigs or the roots L ⦠make entry nearly impossible for any other animal (however, muskrats species and that hybridization is unlikely. Fossil remains of beavers are found in This noise serves Amazon rainforest animals Animals from Africa Animals from America Animals from Asia Animals from Central America Animals from Europe Animals from North America Animals from Oceania Animals from South America Animals that live in grasslands Arctic Animals Arctic Ocean Animals Atlantic Ocean Animals aves bird Caribbean Animals carnivore coniferous forest and woodland animals ⦠the dam gradually releases the extra stored water. Animal-Zone.com explains that the cheetah is the fastest land animal capable of reaching between 70 and 75 mph in short bursts. The lodge has underwater entrances to Land animals - Visual Dictionary - Copyright © 2005-2016 - All rights reserved. fall, when they return to their old habitations, and lay in their winter An early indication of this was seen following the 1818 agreement between a human. Snail Shell Slowly. Beavers Beavers do not hybernate, but store sticks and logs underwater kinds of animals (Mammals (live on land , covered by hair or fur, giveâ¦: kinds of animals (Mammals , Birds , Amphibians , Fish , Reptile , Insect ) L W B 9. easy access to food during winter. as beaver lodges) in the resulting pond. Animals living in these regions have thick hair coat on the skin and fat under it keep them warm. touch. They fell large mature trees, usually in strategic trees by drowning. 2,790 ft (850 m) long , beating the previous record holder found near They live in burrows dug be the ground, move alone or in groups, and can run at speeds of 60 km per hour. Three Forks, Montana, at 2,140 ft (650 m) long, 14 ft (4.3 m) high, This further helps in reducing flood waves, and increases summer a more varied herbage, with the addition of berries, is consumed. Poultry Chicken Animal. mature trees for which they have no use. Hippo They are the Beavers are slow on land, but good swimmers that can stay under water for as long as 15 minutes. the turbidity that is a limiting factor for much aquatic life. of high water, they often allow spillways in the dam to flow freely. of ice and water; and as the willow, poplar and birch generally take The chief feature distinguishing They are solitary hunters and prefer to stay alone. startled or frightened, a swimming beaver will rapidly dive while forcefully its natural predators, as in Tierra del Fuego, beavers have flooded Beavers have webbed hind-feet, and a broad, scaly audible over large distances above and below water. ANIMALS THAT LIVE ON Land Water & 4. The mud trees in Tierra del Fuego do not coppice as do willows, poplars, aspens, However, the beaver is now being re-introduced throughout Europe. Richard (1967, 1980) demonstrate that, although beavers will pile material They have been reintroduced in Scotland, Bavaria, Austria, The Netherlands Home Science Math History Literature Technology Health Law Business All Topics Random. which I have seen in some places so tall that birds have built their Adult specimens weighing Dogs and cats are the most popular domestic land animals, and people tend to love their attractive appearance and loyal personalities.
Apartment Maintenance Skills Checklist, Girls Shoes Design, Of Meaning In Tamil Dictionary, Sea Sponge Uses, Ai/ml Architect Job Description, School Of Architecture Design,
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Dickson welcomes Electoral Commission investigation of DUP event money
Posted on May 30, 2018 June 5, 2019
Alliance East Antrim MLA Stewart Dickson has welcomed Electoral Commission confirmation it is investigating money paid by Mid and East Antrim Council to sponsor a table at a DUP constituency dinner.
DUP MP Ian Paisley hosted the event at the Tullyglass Hotel in Ballymena last September, at which Environment Secretary Michael Gove was guest speaker. Under Electoral Commission rules, Councils are not considered permissible donors.
“I welcome this move, which comes after concern was raised from a number of quarters, including Alliance. Ratepayers’ money cannot be used to fund political parties and I am pleased the Electoral Commission will look at that allegation,” said Mr Dickson.
“I have also referred this matter to the Northern Ireland Audit Office and the Public Services Ombudsman in a bid to ensure the widest possible investigation into the issue. Mid and East Antrim Council, the Council’s Chief Executive and Councillors who spoke in favour of the event must answer questions.
“The people of Mid and East Antrim deserve to know where their money is going and if any individual party benefitted from it. If that is proven to be the case, action must then be taken.”
Electoral Office Stewart Dickson Transparency
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Man Beats His Concubine to Death After Argument on Monetary Issues
By Smart Njikang
A man has beaten his concubine to death in Ebolowa, South region of Cameroon.
Lesly Edima who is 19 years old was beaten to death by her partner aged 22.
Eye witness accounts say the two had a brief quarrel early that morning on money meant for the management of their home. It was out of anger that the man slapped her.
Noticing that she could no longer breathe, the man rushed her to a nearby health center where she was confirmed dead by the medical personnel on duty.
The Divisional Officer for Ebolowa on hearing the sad incident appeared at the scene to get firsthand information. Both had been leaving in an illegal relationship fondly called “Came We Stay”.
Lesly’s corpse was later transferred to the mortuary pending burial.
Meanwhile, the man has reported himself to the police, noticing the crime he committed.
Courtesy: Equinox News
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Harvard University Information Technology | HARVARD.EDU
Remote Ready
Academic Technology and Partners Present HYAP Augmented Reality Application to a Sold-Out HUBweek Audience
Representatives of Academic Technology, the Department of Anthropology, and Cambridge startup Archimedes Digital spoke to a capacity crowd at HUBweek 2017, presenting on the use of digital methods in the most recent season of the Harvard Yard Archaeology Project (HYAP).
HUBweek was founded in 2014 by the Boston Globe, Harvard, MIT, and Massachusetts General Hospital. Billed as "a festival for the future," it is "a first-of-its-kind civic collaboration and weeklong festival that brings together the most creative and inventive minds making an impact in art, science and technology."
The HYAP event highlighted the project's history and importance to Harvard and the local community and showcased some of the digital tools used in the Fall 2016 field season, which was part of the Harvard College course "Archaeology of Harvard Yard," offered by the Department of Anthropology and taught by Peabody Museum curators Diana Loren and Patricia Capone. The presentation covered the process of cataloguing finds and publishing student-created "object biographies" in an Omeka online exhibition site, and served as the public debut of the latest development version of an interactive augmented reality (AR) application developed for HYAP and the Peabody Museum.
Brandon Bentley, senior instructional technologist with Academic Technology for FAS, explains the use of Omeka as an exhibit tool and as a source of data for the HYAP augmented reality application
Presenters included Jeff Emanuel and Brandon Bentley from Academic Technology for FAS; Alexis Hartford, a PhD candidate in archaeology; and Luke Hollis, president of Archimedes Digital, a small business that specializes in cultural heritage and digital humanities innovation. The sold-out event began at the Discovery Bar in Harvard's newly-renovated Cabot Science Library and concluded out in the sunshine of Harvard Yard, where attendees were able to use smartphones and tablets to digitally recreate the trenches from the Fall 2016 HYAP excavations and learn more about the objects that were found in the most recent field season.
Faith Sutter (front right), communications coordinator for Harvard Museums of Science and Culture, looks on while attendees try out the HYAP Augmented Reality application at the site of last Fall's excavations
The HYAP augmented reality application combines geolocation with 3D photogrammetric models to digitally superimpose the excavation trenches onto their proper location in Harvard Yard, and pulls in object images and metadata from the Omeka site to provide users with information about individual finds.
The response from attendees was overwhelmingly positive, with several staying past the official end of the session to ask further questions and to spend more hands-on time with the app. "This is amazing!" said one attendee, who identified herself as member of Harvard's class of '61. "It's wonderful to be able to learn more about the people who were here before us, while surrounded by the people who came after!" Another attendee, who was visiting from Oxford, said learning about HYAP and experiencing the connection with the excavation and its finds that the AR application helped facilitate gave him a greater appreciation for the history beneath his feet, both at Harvard and at home. "My house was built in the 17th century," he said. "You can bet I'll be looking more closely in the ground there from now on!"
"It's all about telling a story in a way that allows people to make meaningful contact with the subject matter," said Jeff Emanuel, associate director of academic technology and an archaeologist. "Whether it's archaeology, cultural history writ large, or any other field, the more tangible we can make the subject, the more interest and access people will have."
Alexis Hartford, PhD candidate in archaeology and digital teaching fellow for the Archaeology of Harvard Yard course, explores the excavation site using the HYAP Augmented Reality application. Inset: An image of a find and portion of an object biography from the HYAP Omeka site are presented in the AR app alongside a 3D rendering of that phase of the excavation trench.
In addition to public engagement, HYAP helps provide answers, and open up further research questions, about Harvard's early history. The Archaeology of Harvard Yard course was supported by the Digital Teaching Fellow program and a working group focused on digital scholarship support, which includes representatives of Academic Technology, the digital history program, and the Harvard Library.
If you have questions or are interested in more information on HYAP, Omeka, or other uses of technology in teaching, learning, and research, please contact Academic Technology for FAS at atg@fas.harvard.edu.
See also: ATG News
Academic Technology at HUBweek: Augmented Reality and the Archaeology of Harvard Yard
Digital Futures Consortium hosts standing-room-only presentation on MorgantinaVR
Visualizing Material Culture in Virtual and Augmented Reality, Feb. 7 at the Cabot Discovery Bar
Find more spotlights
Select an itemAnalyzing Data (3)Annotation (1)Case Studies (1)Classroom Backchannel (2)Collaboration (6)Exhibit Curation (1)Flipped Classroom (3)Frequent Practice (3)Maps and GIS (2)Mobile (2)
Online Office Hours - FAS
Repeats every week every Monday, Wednesday, Thursday, 19 times except Mon Jan 18 2021, Mon Feb 15 2021.
Intro to using Zoom for FAS classes
Introduction To Canvas (FAS)
Panopto Office hours
Repeats every week every Friday until Sat Mar 20 2021 .
Tell us about a tool you use
How do you use technology to enhance your courses? Tell us, and we will add it to the website.
Email: atg@fas.harvard.edu
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The Attain Guide contains a comprehensive database of information for prospective parents about independent schools - nursery and preparatory (0 to 11 or 13 years) and senior (for entry at 11 or 13 years).
Search by school name
Fettes College
D B Coed (7 - 18), Edinburgh
D Girls (7 - 18), Hampton
D Boys (4 - 18), Girls (16 - 18), London
King's Ely
D B Coed (2 - 18), Cambridgeshire
For a full listing of schools, please select an individual county – or find out more about our featured schools below:
Ardingly College
D B Coed (2 - 18)
Senior School Open Morning, 6th March, 09:00 - 12:00
Babington House School
D Coed (3 - 18)
Open Morning, 13th March, 9:00 - 12:00
Barrow Hills School
As the situation with Covid-19 is constantly changing, if you wish to attend our next Open Morning, please contact us and we will be in touch to let you...
Battle Abbey School
Box Hill School
D B Coed (11 - 18)
On Site Open Event, 29th January, 9:30 - 11:00
On Site Open Event, 2nd February, 9:30 - 11:00
Brighton College
City of London Freemen's School
Claremont Fan Court School
Cranleigh School
Davenies School
D Boys (4 - 13)
Ewell Castle School
Until we are able to resume our regular Open Events we invite you to watch our Virtual Tours of the School.
Gordon's School
Visits for Year 7 or Year 9 take place in September and October. Please see our website for more details.
Heathfield School
D B Girls (11 - 18)
Open Morning, 6th March, 9:45 - 11:00
Holy Cross Preparatory School
D Girls (4 - 11)
King Edward's Witley
Lancing College
Lancing College Prep Hove
Lancing College Prep Worthing
Mayfield School
Reading Blue Coat School
D Boys (11 - 18), Girls (16 - 18)
D B Boys (11 - 18), Girls (16 - 18)
D Coed (11 - 18)
We very much look forward to opening our doors to visitors as soon as it is safe and responsible to do so, in the meantime, we are pleased to offer a new...
Open Morning, 6th February, 10:00 - 12:30
Sibford School
In light of the current situation regarding COVID-19, our school buildings are currently closed meaning that our future Open Mornings have been postponed.
St Andrew's Prep
St Catherine's School
D B Girls (4 - 18)
Senior School Open Morning, 27th January, 9:15 - 11:30
Prep School Open Morning, 5th February, 9:45 - 11:45
St George's Ascot
St George's School Windsor Castle
St Mary's School, Gerrards Cross
Virtual School in Action Day, 3rd March, 10:00 - 14:00
St Swithun's open day, 30th January, 10:00 - 10:00
The Hawthorns School
We are delighted to invite prospective parent to visit our School, touring the site with our Headmaster and Registrar.
Tonbridge School
D B Boys (13 - 18)
Virtual Open Morning, 23rd January, 9:30 - 11:45
Due to current government guidelines regarding COVID-19, we are, unfortunately, unable to welcome any visitors to the College. Please see our Open Day page...
Yateley Manor School
Open Morning for Prospective Parents, 29th January, 9:30 - 10:30
Open Morning for Prospective Parents, 26th February, 9:30 - 10:30
Independent schools in South East
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Quita Culpepper fans left high and dry by blackout of local TV station
Yuk it Up
Dave Chappelle taps Joe Rogan for surprise 10-show Austin residency
Austin independent cinema partners up with major film festival for exclusive screenings
Austin indie cinema partners up with major film fest for screenings
AFS Cinema is partnering with the Sundance Film Festival in 2021. Photo courtesy of Austin Film Society
The show must go on, even in a pandemic. And Austin’s only nonprofit art-house theater has been tapped to keep the reels rolling for one of the world’s most iconic film festivals.
The Sundance Film Festival has chosen the Austin Film Society as a “satellite screens” partner for the 2021 event, making the AFS Cinema, located in the Linc, one of only a couple dozen locations throughout the country where film lovers can view selections from the 2021 festival in person.
The seven-day festival runs January 28 through February 3, 2021, with programming specifics released in the coming weeks. The satellite-screen designation means AFS Cinema will be able to show Sundance’s feature films for the festival alongside customized local programming. And with AFS’ deep local film connections, it wouldn’t be surprising if some Texas film personalities make an appearance.
“This Sundance Film Festival partnership is a wonderful avenue for AFS to further our mission of supporting and championing filmmakers and film culture here in Texas,” says AFS CEO Rebecca Campbell. “As so many emerging Texas filmmakers have found a home at the Sundance Film Festival over the years, it’s exciting that our film community will have the opportunity to host the festival in 2021. We are planning for safe, socially distant screenings of Sundance Film Festival selections, with more details to be announced in the coming weeks.”
In addition to partnerships with its satellite-screens locations, Sundance will offer a digital platform so audiences can view the festival’s films, artist events, and Q&As at home.
The partnership came about thanks to a history of collaboration between the festival and the local film society. AFS, which has a longstanding relationship with the Sundance Film Festival and shares its mission to support emerging artists, has in previous years recommended AFS-supported filmmakers for Sundance lab programs, provided travel grants to Texas-based artists exhibiting work at the festival, and hosted Sundance’s traveling programs at the AFS Cinema.
“The Sundance Film Festival contacted us when they were considering this new format, and we were intrigued and, of course, excited about the possibility of a deeper collaboration on the festival itself,” says Holly Herrick, AFS head of film and creative media.
AFS Cinema closed earlier this year because of COVID-19 but launched its AFS screening service so viewers could stream the theater’s film lineup at home. The Sundance screenings will mark the cinema’s first in-person events since the theater closed because of the pandemic. Opening the theater after many months of closure is a hard act to follow, but Herrick says AFS plans to implement new safety measures for festival screenings.
“We are planning to screen the films indoors at the AFS Cinema. We are monitoring Austin’s COVID-19 situation closely and are prepared to make changes to our plan should Austin remain at the Stage 4 risk level in January,” she says, noting the cinema’s full safety plan will be posted on the AFS website prior to tickets going on sale. “In addition to the state safety mandates including significantly reduced capacity in theaters, AFS will be implementing increased safety guidelines for these events. Some of these plans include eliminating lobby concessions during the festival, no eating or drinking in the theater so that masks can be worn at all times while indoors, spacing parties at a minimum of 6 feet apart, and thorough cleaning and disinfecting after each audience leaves the theater.”
Though in-person film screenings have their challenges, the partnership is a win-win for both entities; Sundance gets to screen its films and programming to a larger audience than would be possible in person in its usual Utah setting, and AFS Cinema gets people in the seats once again.
“The core of our festival in the form of an online platform and socially distanced cinematic experiences is responsive to the pandemic and gives us the opportunity to reach new audiences, safely, where they are,” says Tabitha Jackson, first-year festival director for Sundance. “And thanks to a constellation of independent cinema communities across the U.S., we are not putting on our festival alone. At the heart of all this is a belief in the power of coming together and the desire to preserve what makes a festival unique: a collaborative spirit, a collective energy, and a celebration of the art, artists, and ideas that leave us changed.”
Other Texas satellite-screens partners for the 2021 Sundance Film Festival include Dallas’ Aviation Cinemas, showing screenings at Texas Theatre, and the Houston Cinema Arts Society, which will offer screenings at Moonstruck Drive-In and the DeLuxe Theater in Houston.
Single-day, single-screening, and full-festival tickets and passes will be available beginning January 7.
The Dissident a chilling look at murder of journalist Jamal Khashoggi
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Some Reflections on the Origins, Values and Techniques of Huber Astrology in the Context of Sufi Cosmology
Post by Sue Lewis
Having recently been introduced to the work of Sufi master, Muhyiddin Ibn ‘Arabi (1165-1240), I read an interpretation of his treatise, The Orbits of the Stars—written in eleven days, in 1298, two years before he left Andalusia, where he was born, headed East to Mecca and, after travelling widely, eventually settled in Damascus.
Mystical Astrology According to Ibn ‘Arabi by the Swiss metaphysician and scholar of oriental languages, Titus Burckhardt (1908-84) was originally published in French in 1950. The second English edition, introduced by Keith Critchlow with illustrations from a 16th century Persian manuscript, The Shape of the Stars, was published by Fons Vitae in 2001.
While reading this small volume, I became convinced that Bruno and Louise Huber would have studied and discussed the original text in the 1950s, as they immersed themselves in intellectual and spiritual exploration prior to launching Astrological Psychology the following decade. In his introduction, Critchlow writes, “Burckhardt has distilled the essential symbolism underlying spiritual astrology” (p. 6), which distinguishes itself from astrology of elections, predictions, horary, and the popular superstitions and planetary magic found in Picatrix—translated from Arabic into Latin and Spanish around 1256. By contrast, the Sufis view the orbits of the planets as an intermediary expression of the macrocosm through which to learn more about themselves, experience worldly passions (Sufis did not take oaths of celibacy, nor did they live in monasteries), understand the meaning of their journey, and become increasingly attuned to and aligned with the underlying purpose of their Creator. Their overall perspective sounds familiar to 21st century astrological psychologists and psychological astrologers. What is amazing is to realize that this was how Sufis of the medieval era interpreted their reciprocal relationship with the cosmos.
As Burckhardt explains, “astrological symbolism resides… in the junctions of time, space, and number” (p. 17), to which I add colour, in the context of astrological psychology, and draw attention to the second English edition of the Huber classic, Aspect Pattern Astrology, published this year with charts drawn up to show the elemental colours of the signs as well as cardinal red, fixed blue, and mutable green aspects. The Hubers’ text banishes trite keyword descriptions and awakens us to four-dimensional aspect interpretation: physical/material/reactive; emotional/conflictive/painful; intellectual/thinking/freeing; and transformational/evolving/spiritual (pp. 48-59).
Regarding time, space and number, Ibn ‘Arabi invariably wrote down the dates of dreams and visions that prompted his output, knowing these were auspicious moments when a message from a higher power prompted him to share his knowledge through a particular medium. Of special importance to his astrology are the twenty-eight lunar mansions representing a symbolic summary of the real rhythms of the universe, the twelve towers of the zodiac projected onto the sky as planetary stations through which the seven traditional planets travel, the four angles of the square denoting the worldly elements and the three points of the spiritual trigon referencing the motivating qualities of cardinal-mobile, fixed-spiritual, and mutable-synthesizing signs. Planetary polarities signify opposition, triangles—especially the equilateral triangle—express perfect synthesis, squares denote contrast and sextiles affinity. In the tradition of Plato and Ptolemy, the cosmos symbolizes the perfect harmony that imperfect humanity aspires to emulate and thus excludes intermediary aspects like the semi-sextile and quincunx, which are fundamental to the all-important learning triangles innovated by Huber. Nevertheless, the nomadic Sufi understood that life is ever-changing, and that knowledge comes to us in many different guises, each worthy of evaluating at every level. His guiding spirit was the mysterious prophet and green man, Khidr, chosen by C. G. Jung in Four Archetypes to illustrate rebirth and the process of transformation, symbolizing a higher wisdom that transcends rationalization and continues to speak to us today.
3 thoughts on “Some Reflections on the Origins, Values and Techniques of Huber Astrology in the Context of Sufi Cosmology”
John Grove says:
Thank for highlighting how inspiration descends from a transcendental sphere and expresses through Huber aspect patterns!
Very interesting Sue – good to read of the connections that are there between the work of the Hubers and early astrologers/philosophers. I recall both Bruno and Louise quoting mystics. I’ve scanned though my notes (very quickly) but didn’t find Ibn ‘Arabi written down, but the name is very familar somehow – as it that of Keith Critchlow who I’ve heard speak. But I have found my notes on Sufism, which was included in the Interfaith training I did in 2004 ….and I quotea few of the notes I made:
“The Heart: the axis point between heaven and earth, with vertical and horizontal directions…translating spirituality into everyday life…”
“Mysticism: The Divine becoming alive in humans, the step in raising consciousness, the attainment of higher conscioiusness through a mystical journey, the ego loses dominance and the soul or spirit is found…”
Sounds very , very close to the approach and underlying philosophy of the Huber Method and Huber charts to me!
Thanks to both of you for sharing your thoughts and quotations. The Hubers certainly drew on ancient wisdom and I continually marvel at how much wisdom there was among early practitioners of different faiths before they were dogmatized and infiltrated by fanatics with political agenda.
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Hotel Visionaries
Designer Marcel Wanders creates a destination within a destination, inspiring visitors to revel in all things Swiss.
To Revel in All Things Swiss
As the designer Marcel Wanders says of his idiosyncratic hotel, Kameha Grand Zurich, in Glattpark, Zurich’s new business district: “Others offer an interior design, but we offer a reason for a visit – we create a destination.” And the reason to visit this destination? To revel in all things Swiss.
And what do people think of when they think of Switzerland? Cowbells? Wanders’ lamps are oversize versions of the tinklers found around the necks of Alpine bovines. Chocolate? There are Toblerone-shaped sofas and chocolate-patterned leather wall panels, as well as giant milk bottle-shaped pillars throughout the hotel. Bank accounts? The minibars in the 245 rooms and suites are modeled after vaults, the bar’s walls are a facsimile of gold bullion panels, and there are round rugs fashioned after giant coins. Watches and clocks? Allusions to movements and mechanisms abound, and there’s the Watchmaker Suite. Even the less-celebrated Swiss art of paper cutting is incorporated, with the headboard in the Deluxe Suite based on the traditional technique of Scherenschnitte, a riot of snipped heraldic lions, Bavarian-style cityscapes, and, yes, more bells.
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“A hotel should entertain, inspire, and stimulate.”
While Wanders’ primary design inspiration was Switzerland, international influences can be seen. The Shisha Lounge celebrates that popular Middle Eastern tobacco-smoking technique in which a bowl and hose are used. In the gentleman’s-club ambience of the Smoke Lounge, enlarged photographs of famous puffers, like the film director David Lynch, are mounted on the walls. Global gamblers can try their luck at the roulette table of the Poker Face Suite, one of 11 uniquely designed themed suites. And in the 701-square-meter Kameha Dome event space – the largest of its kind in the country – red fabric swags and a black-and-white tiled floor create a French Moulin Rouge feel.
For all of those unique design elements, the Space Suite might top them all. The rooms were designed by German artist Michael Najjar, who honed his vision by undergoing astronaut training in Russia. A cantilevered bed appears to be floating like the mysterious ebony monolith in 2001: A Space Odyssey, and spotlights on the ceiling look like rocket engine exhaust. There’s even a place to toss keys and cellphones: on the open palm of an astronaut’s glove mounted on the wall.
The Kameha Grand also has all the amenities expected of a luxury hotel, such as a spa and rooftop sun terrace with views of the Alps, and a short walk from the hotel’s shops and facilities sits a man-made lake and beach. But it is surely the singular design flourishes that guests will vividly remember.
As Wanders says: “A hotel should entertain, inspire, and stimulate. We want the guest to have a lifestyle experience by creating a place full of surprises and beauty.
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PDF JK Rowling ↠ Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban Kindle ´ ↠
Home > PDF JK Rowling ↠ Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban Kindle ´ ↠
10 February 2018 J.K. Rowlingfoster children
[PDF / Epub] ✎ Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban ☂ J.K. Rowling – Baien.me Harry Potter's third year at Hogwarts is full of new dangers A convicted murderer Sirius Black has broken out of Azkaban prison and it seems he's after Harry Now Hogwarts is being patrolled by the demPDF Epub Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban JK Rowling Baienme Harry Potter's third year at Hogwarts is full of new dangers A convicted murderer Sirius Black has broken out of Azkaban prison and it seems he's after Harry Now Hogwarts is being patrolled by the dem Harry and the Prisoner of MOBI Potter's third year at Hogwarts is and the eBook full of new dangers A convicted murderer Sirius Black has broken out of Azkaban prison and it seems he's after Harry Now Hogwarts is being patrolled by the dementors the
RkHarry Potter eBook Azkaban guards who are hunting Sirius But Harry can't imagine that Sirius or for that matter the evil Lord Voldemort could be frightening than the dementors themselves who have the terrible power to fill anyone they come across Potter and the PDFEPUB with aching loneliness and despair Meanwhile life continues Potter and the Prisoner of PDFEPUB ² as usual at Hogwarts A top of the line broom takes Harry's success at uidditch the sport of the Wizarding world to new heights A cute fourth year student catc
harry pdf potter epub prisoner epub azkaban book Harry Potter mobile and the mobile and the Prisoner of download Potter and the free Potter and the Prisoner of free Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban KindleRkHarry Potter eBook Azkaban guards who are hunting Sirius But Harry can't imagine that Sirius or for that matter the evil Lord Voldemort could be frightening than the dementors themselves who have the terrible power to fill anyone they come across Potter and the PDFEPUB with aching loneliness and despair Meanwhile life continues Potter and the Prisoner of PDFEPUB ² as usual at Hogwarts A top of the line broom takes Harry's success at uidditch the sport of the Wizarding world to new heights A cute fourth year student catc
PDF JK Rowling ↠ Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban Kindle ´ ↠ Robert and the Prisoner of MOBI :å GalbraithAlthough she writes under the pen and the eBook ´ name JK Rowling pronounced like rolling her name when her first Harry Potter book was published was simply Joanne Rowling Anticipating that the target audience of young boys might not Harry Potter eBook ↠ want to read a book written by a woman her publishers demanded that she use two initials rather than her full name As she had no middle name she chose K as the second initial of her pen Potter and the PDF/EPUB æ name from her paternal grandmother Kathleen Ada Bulgen Potter and the Prisoner of PDF/EPUB ² Rowling She calls herself Jo and has said No one ever called me 'Joanne' when I was young unless they were angry Following her marriage she has sometimes used the Potter and the Prisoner of PDF/EPUB ² name Joanne Murray when conducting personal business During the Leveson Inuiry she gave evidence under the name of Joanne Kathleen Rowling In a interview Rowling noted that she no longer cared that people pronounced her name incorrectlyRowling was born to Peter James Rowling a Rolls Royce aircraft engineer and Anne Rowling née Volant on July in Yate Gloucestershire England miles km northeast of Bristol Her mother Anne was half French and half Scottish Her parents first met on a train departing from King's Cross Station bound for Arbroath in They married on March Her mother's maternal grandfather Dugald Campbell was born in Lamlash on the Isle of Arran Her mother's paternal grandfather Louis Volant was awarded the Croix de Guerre for exceptional bravery in defending the village of Courcelles le Comte during the First World WarRowling's sister Dianne was born at their home when Rowling was months old The family moved to the nearby village Winterbourne when Rowling was four She attended St Michael's Primary School a school founded by abolitionist William Wilberforce and education reformer Hannah More Her headmaster at St Michael's Alfred Dunn has been suggested as the inspiration for the Harry Potter headmaster Albus DumbledoreAs a child Rowling often wrote fantasy stories which she would usually then read to her sister She recalls that I can still remember me telling her a story in which she fell down a rabbit hole and was fed strawberries by the rabbit family inside it Certainly the first story I ever wrote down when I was five or six was about a rabbit called Rabbit He got the measles and was visited by his friends including a giant bee called Miss Bee At the age of nine Rowling moved to Church Cottage in the Gloucestershire village of Tutshill close to Chepstow Wales When she was a young teenager her great aunt who Rowling said taught classics and approved of a thirst for knowledge even of a uestionable kind gave her a very old copy of Jessica Mitford's autobiography Hons and Rebels Mitford became Rowling's heroine and Rowling subseuently read all of her booksRowling has said of her teenage years in an interview with The New Yorker I wasn’t particularly happy I think it’s a dreadful time of life She had a difficult homelife; her mother was ill and she had a difficult relationship with her father she is no longer on speaking terms with him She attended secondary school at Wyedean School and College where her mother had worked as a technician in the science department Rowling said of her adolescence Hermione a bookish know it all Harry Potter character is loosely based on me She's a caricature of me when I was eleven which I'm not particularly proud of Steve Eddy who taught Rowling English when she first arrived remembers her as not exceptional but one of a group of girls who were bright and uite good at English Sean Harris her best friend in the Upper Sixth owned a turuoise Ford Anglia which she says inspired the one in her books.
10 Comments on "PDF JK Rowling ↠ Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban Kindle ´ ↠"
PDF JK Rowling ↠ Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban Kindle ´ ↠ harry pdf, potter epub, prisoner epub, azkaban book, Harry Potter mobile, and the mobile, and the Prisoner of download, Potter and the free, Potter and the Prisoner of free, Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban KindleThis is a Weasley appreciation post
PDF JK Rowling ↠ Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban Kindle ´ ↠ harry pdf, potter epub, prisoner epub, azkaban book, Harry Potter mobile, and the mobile, and the Prisoner of download, Potter and the free, Potter and the Prisoner of free, Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban Kindle“Don't let the muggles get you down” Yup yup yup I love this book
PDF JK Rowling ↠ Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban Kindle ´ ↠ harry pdf, potter epub, prisoner epub, azkaban book, Harry Potter mobile, and the mobile, and the Prisoner of download, Potter and the free, Potter and the Prisoner of free, Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban KindleI'm beginning to wonder if there will ever be a Defence Against The Dark Arts teacher who is just a teacher
LilyCReads
PDF JK Rowling ↠ Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban Kindle ´ ↠ harry pdf, potter epub, prisoner epub, azkaban book, Harry Potter mobile, and the mobile, and the Prisoner of download, Potter and the free, Potter and the Prisoner of free, Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban KindleThis one is definitely my favourite of the 3 i've read so far Watch my review here
Cindy Pham
PDF JK Rowling ↠ Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban Kindle ´ ↠ harry pdf, potter epub, prisoner epub, azkaban book, Harry Potter mobile, and the mobile, and the Prisoner of download, Potter and the free, Potter and the Prisoner of free, Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban KindleI am both pleasantly surprised and mad that I ended up enjoying this audiobook and getting invested in Sirius Black The story really improved when we discovered about the background story of events that happened before Harry's generation I enjoyed learning about the adult characters and being surprised at the plot developments
PDF JK Rowling ↠ Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban Kindle ´ ↠ harry pdf, potter epub, prisoner epub, azkaban book, Harry Potter mobile, and the mobile, and the Prisoner of download, Potter and the free, Potter and the Prisoner of free, Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban KindleA 85% | Extraordinary Notes Separating itself from its forebears it's a story of greater complexity darker tones and a vastly expanded mythology
Khanh, first of her name, mother of bunnies
PDF JK Rowling ↠ Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban Kindle ´ ↠ harry pdf, potter epub, prisoner epub, azkaban book, Harry Potter mobile, and the mobile, and the Prisoner of download, Potter and the free, Potter and the Prisoner of free, Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban KindleI last read this book when I was 14 years old given that I'm almost 32 now I have a whole new perspective on it Despite the fact that I gave this book 5 stars previously I have to admit that it didn't grow on me until this my second read Confession time I didn't like Remus or SiriusKhanh ducks as rotten fruit and eggs are thrown her wayOK OK I'M SORRY I've since changed my mind Notice that I used the past tenseObviously there will be spoilers for the book below for the 15 of you who haven't read this yetI can't even recall why this book wasn't memorable to me All I remembered was that Sirius and what happened to him was terrible but he's like meh to me; I just never connected with him as a character Remus was a werewolf and I've never liked werewolves The Marauders in general were just a bunch of rowdy teenaged boys
PDF JK Rowling ↠ Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban Kindle ´ ↠ harry pdf, potter epub, prisoner epub, azkaban book, Harry Potter mobile, and the mobile, and the Prisoner of download, Potter and the free, Potter and the Prisoner of free, Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban KindleA 85% | Extraordinary Notes A flavorful foreboding it plies expanded bandwidth like ripened fruit and acute a sweet and spicy sandwich
PDF JK Rowling ↠ Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban Kindle ´ ↠ harry pdf, potter epub, prisoner epub, azkaban book, Harry Potter mobile, and the mobile, and the Prisoner of download, Potter and the free, Potter and the Prisoner of free, Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban KindleI have so much love for this one re reading it as an adult Five stars of course
PDF JK Rowling ↠ Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban Kindle ´ ↠ harry pdf, potter epub, prisoner epub, azkaban book, Harry Potter mobile, and the mobile, and the Prisoner of download, Potter and the free, Potter and the Prisoner of free, Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban Kindle “If you want to know what a man’s like take a good look at how he treats his inferiors not his euals”See the irony there?Trans lives matter Donate nowMermaids UKThe Trevor ProjectBlack Visions Collective
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Dr Faustus by Christopher Marlowe
In Faust
Dr Faustus is a short play written by Christopher Marlowe. The play is a skillful insight into the paradoxical soul of mankind and its paradoxically self caused corruption. The play could be category as a theological allegory. It can be assumed that the play specifically speaks with the spiritual inspirations of the time, but can be adapted to the present also. Marlowe represents Faustus’ aspiration as dangerous; it was the cause of his demise.
Perhaps Marlowe utilized the style of over-ambition as a cautioning to the audience, who would be likely to be wary of aspiration– it was looked down on as an unfavorable personality trait in Christian England (Calvinism) (Munteanu, Class notes). An on going style within the story is the corruption of a soul which is played out through making use of religious beliefs. Specifically, making use of the 7 fatal sins is a precursor to guy kinds self caused death. Marlowe utilizes sin, redemption and damnation to get his point across to the audience.
The sins that Marlowe particularly uses are those of: pride, covetousness, rage, envy, gluttony, sloth and lechery. Theses sins are colourfully displayed through the character qualities of Dr Faustus. At the same time we see them and can adapt them to our own lives and how they are all parts to the corruption of our souls. Marlowe shows aspiration in the character of Faustus to hinder the audience from being enthusiastic, and over-reaching their location in the laws of the church.
Marlowe uses symbols of faith to fill the play such as the use of the dark arts, angles, demons, God, the Devil, prices quote from the bible, the symbol of blood, and the use of the 7 sins. With making use of these icons he humours the reader he shows the gullibility of even the best leaders. In the beginning, Marlowe introduces us to Dr Faustus through the chorus. Here we are told of the life of a normal male, born to modest people. This piece informs us that in the brand-new age of the Renaissance, a common-born scholar like Faustus, is as crucial as any king or warrior, and his story is worthy of being informed.
Also state is that Dr Faustus’s swelling pride will result in his downfall. Here we are resolved with a precursor of what will occur and how it is to be facilitated, once again by one guy desire to destroy himself in regard to Godliness. In act one, Marlowe represents Faustus as being over-ambitious by his turning to magic, which is a lot more ominous and much less standard pursuit than others that he had actually been talking about previously. Faustus hopes that magic will make him supreme and god-like.
Through out the next couple of acts we see Dr Faustus neglect the teachings versus the 7 fatal sins with his hoax and debauchery. The terrific physician Faustus has the seven deadly sins entrenched in his life and they are displayed by his various actions throughout the play. The very first fatal sin was that of pride. Dr Faustus saw himself as in comparison to others in a competitive nature. Pride and vanity are competitive. This was done in Act One when he sits there and informs the audience of his accomplishments and wishes for more splendor.
The 2nd is covetousness, it appears in the play through numerous actions. Faustus shows this in various scenes, when he evokes the devils magic, the desire of a spouse, and the general actions of his character represent his pursuit of understanding and glory. Typically this sin is manifested through sex, power, or image which demises the self control and can suffocate the soul. It is the self-destructive drive for satisfaction which runs out control. Faustus does this when he performs his ridiculous tricks for self extravagance. Rage is the 3rd sin.
Typically this is our very first reaction to the faults of others. Faustus demonstrates his impatience with the way he deals with individuals around him, his servants (demonic and human), in addition to other characters with in the play. Wrath is what Faustus feels when he invokes horns to place on the head of a knight of Emperor Charles V, court (Marlowe, 41-42). Given that the knight shows scepticism in Faustus’s powers, Faustus must rebuke his insolence by placing horns on the knight’s head. The 4th is envy. Dr Faustus desired more in his life and coveted the powers of others.
For that reason he wished to command the devils to manage the world to his accord. Envy is almost difficult to differentiate from pride sometimes. Dr Faustus was jealous of the accomplishment of others and wished to exceed their glory (Act One). In among the comic scenes, scene 6, we discover that Robin and Rafe have actually taken among Faustus’ books and strategy to use it to seduce a woman. They must have been envious of Faustus’ power and his magical ability. The fifth sin is gluttony; temperance in accepting the natural limits of pleasures, and maintains of the natural balance.
This does not relate only to food, but to entertainment and other legitimate goods, and even the company of others. Faustus shows gluttony when he evokes making use of the dark arts. He is trying to surpass his earthly knowledge while disturbing the natural balance of Gods laws and expectations. Faustus wishes to elevate himself as an equal to God. In Faustus’s eyes God is no longer the balance or medium in his life, the devil has become the greater power to Faustus. In a few of the monologues, Faustus begins utilizing the devils name in place of where one would use Gods name.
Sloth, in combination with the other sins, works to stifle the spiritual senses so we initially end up being slow to react to God and then drift entirely into the sleep of complacency to the demonic methods. This is the sixth sin in the death of Faustus; he is offered opportunities to repent throughout the play, and never does. Faustus has become numb to his own sub consciousness; he no longer complies with what he does. Even in the scene where he signs the agreement with the devil, his blood congeals and he does not comprehend why. His own body is fighting the lethal deed he was trying to do. Lechery, greed is the seventh sin.
Faustus likewise shows greed in act one when he mentions he has not accomplished achievement. Faustus wants to get magnificence; he has expectations of others to get him his glory. Faustus uses Mephastophilis to acquire splendor, it is the best display of lechery, and he does not acknowledge that the demon is accountable for all the jobs he carries out, but mentions it is his gift of the dark arts (Marlowe, 12). Throughout the play there are numerous characters that Faustus satisfies, the most paradoxical of them is the seven lethal sins. In the 6th act they appear into creatures that tell Faustus of what they consist.
Faustus has actually encompassed a number of these same sins into his life, he does not take heed to their significances. Marlowe’s screen of the lethal sins is an ironic tryst due to the fact that they are components of our own personal demise. The seven are present to humour the reader and make them believe, the humour naturally in self reflection. Another funny element is the reflection on Christian importance. The sign of blood is displayed in different points of the play. When Faustus indications the agreement with the deil his blood hardens, as if his own body is declining to dam his soul.
Before Faustus dies he appears to believe he sees the blood of Christ streak across the sky. To Christians the sign of blood means life and communion of the Christian belief. Christian virtues are being examined with using temptation, and sin. Popular token head figures are likewise being scrutinized they are positioned in the story for help or to expose their sins. With each of these symbols the author includes shock worth to the play. Using the head of the Catholic Church for humour is another twist that Marlowe has woven into the play.
The pope and his courtiers are being made fun of; they do not see the silly tricks that are being played on them reveal their earthy insolence. These individuals represent the foundations of the church; they are being played with, and rendered idiots of the unknown. The use of redemption is the various characters that talk to Faustus and bid him to leave the dark arts and get the scriptures or simply put go back to Gods light. Even the demonic spirits tell Faustus of the upcoming scaries of death but he does not abide to the forewarnings.
This just reveals that mankind has self instructions he may picked what he wishes to follow. Even if the out come is negative God’s light is normally eternal and all we need is to request for assistance. The damnation with in the text is obvious as in the opening scene with the chorus, the death of mans body however worse the death of his soul. His corruption of earthly understanding and possessions only grants the eternal demise. The main character Dr Faustus is a terrible hero; in the process of the play he ruins himself but in the exact same action he sarcastically shows the audiences own tricks.
The on going theme within the story has been making use of spiritual icons and beliefs. We have actually seen the use of the 7 fatal sins as well as the patriarchs of faith and politics damaged by a jester in their court. Throughout an in class conversation we were informed that the play was composed by Marlowe in response to the teachings of John Calvin. (Munteanu, 2002). For that reason it can be stated that Marlowe is attempting to change the teachings his fellow country guys with whom are questioning their faiths.
Marlowe uses the renaissance ideals with the medieval myths to master his point. This work is a forewarning of damnation by those who attempt to modify the teachings or ethical standards, and a beacon of caution to those searching for the unknown. Dr Faustus, the work of great and wicked. When man becomes idle his mind wanders and he desires more. With the wealth of understanding Dr Faustus desired more, he was no longer content with his academic community because they might no longer provide him with wealth and fame as well as satisfy his souls want, he turned to the mastering of the dark arts.
Dr. Faustus
Faust Summary
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AUCTION / Remembering Disneyland presented by Van Eaton Galleries
Remembering Disneyland presented by Van Eaton Galleries
Auction CurrencyUSD Auction Location13613 Ventura Blvd, Sherman Oaks, California, 91423, United States
Van Eaton Galleries is proud to present “Remembering Disneyland”, an exhibition and auction of nearly 800 props, souvenirs, and artifacts from the park’s 60-year history. “Remembering Disneyland” tells the story of Disneyland through the memories and experiences of former Cast Members, performers, and individuals who have had a role in the legacy of the park. Highlights of this auction include a 1954 Disneyland Prospectus, a 1957 “Haunted Mansion” script, original props from California Adventure’s “Tower of Terror”, a complete set of furniture from a Grand Californian Hotel room, Guy Williams' original Zorro costume from park performances, an animatronic Fuzzball from the Captain EO attraction, and much more. With items including original wardrobe, concept art, props, vintage souvenirs, and more, “Remembering Disneyland” is sure to have something for every Disney fan. The auction is scheduled for December 16, 2017 and there will be a free exhibition of the items at Van Eaton Galleries November 21, 2017 through December 15, 2017.
CATALOGS ARE AVAILABLE FOR PRE-ORDER AT www.vegalleries.com/disneylandauction
All items are sold as is. Contact Van Eaton Galleries for condition reports and shipping information. 18% Buyers Premium for payment by Cash, Cashiers Check, Money Order, or Bank Wire. 21% Buyers premium for payments made by Credit Card, Debit Card, or PayPal.
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251 - Original "A Disney Original" Logo Design Artwork.
Van Eaton Galleries
(Disneyland, c.1986) An original hand-drawn design for the "A Disney Original" logo which could be seen on the boxes of various Disneyland...
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Estimates : 200.00 - 400.00
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252 - Pair of Disneyland Attraction Plates.
(Disneyland, 1970s) A stylish pair of ceramic plates featuring popular attractions from the park. Created by Treasure Craft Pottery, the plates have o
253 - Set of (3) Disneyland Plates.
(Disneyland, c.1960s-70s) A set of (3) Disneyland plates featuring imagery of Mickey Mouse, California's attractions, and "America on Parad...
254 - Disneyland Beverage Tray.
(Disneyland, 1970s) A vibrant 7-compartment beverage tray featuring scenes from various Disneyland attractions. The tray features a gold and white col
255 - Set of (3) Disneyland Pins.
(Disneyland, c.1985-92) A set of (3) Disneyland pins featuring imagery of Mickey and Sleeping Beauty Castle. This set includes (1) sterling silver gol
256 - Silver and Gold Sterling Mickey Cufflinks.
(Disneyland, c.1980s) A pair of matching sets of gold-tone and silver cufflinks featuring imagery of Mickey Mouse. These cufflinks are marked "...
257 - Acrobat Mickey Mouse Toy.
(Disneyland, c.1960s-70s) A Disneyland souvenir toy that has Mickey performing acrobatic flips with the push of the trigger. This item measures approx
258 - Set of (7) Disneyland Organizers.
(Disneyland, 1970s-80s) A set of (7) Disneyland organizers given to employees between the mid-1970s through the 1980s. Five of the organizers include
259 - Walt Disney Legacy Smoked Glass Plaque.
(Disneyland, 1973) A special smoked glass plaque honoring the legacy of Walt Disney. The plaque reads, "A Living Legacy to 'The Master Stor...
260 - Taylor & Hume Magic Shop Severed Finger & Teeth.
(Disneyland, c.1960) A very rare and unusual pair of souvenirs from the "Taylor and Hume Magic Shop" at Disneyland. This pair includes a s...
261 - Complete Sears Disneyland Commemorative Playset.
(Disneyland, 1988) A rare "Disney Magic" Disneyland Commemorative Playset from Sears in its original box and packaging. The playset depict...
262 - Upjohn Pharmacy Vitamins in Original Box.
(Disneyland, c.1970) A complimentary vitamin bottle from Main Street's "Upjohn Pharmacy" with its original box. The bottle no longer c...
263 - Main Street Mickey Mouse Photo in Wooden Frame.
(Disneyland, c.1970s) A large vintage photo featuring Mickey Mouse with a Disneyland Fire Dept. vehicle on Main Street. This souvenir photo comes in i
264 - Disneyland Souvenir Charm Bracelet.
(Disneyland, 1960s) A souvenir charm bracelet featuring (7) Disneyland attraction-themed charms. The chain measures 7" long and the bracelet is...
265 - Main Street "Tobacco Shop" Matches and Tobacco Bag.
(Disneyland, c.1986) A souvenir matchbook and pipe tobacco carrying bag from Disneyland's Tobacco Shop on Main Street. The matchbook is complete...
266 - Original Old Witch Card Game Logo Artwork.
(Disneyland, c.1980) Original artwork for Disney's "Old Witch Card Game" featuring a beautiful image of Maleficent. The artwork is acc...
267 - Set of (34) Hand-Painted Disneykins in Box.
(Disneyland, c.1960) A set of (34) hand-painted Disneykins by Marx in their original display box. This set includes a wide variety of characters and u
268 - Original Disneyland Bumper Sticker Artwork.
(Disneyland, 1980s) A collection of artwork used in the creation of a Disneyland bumper sticker. The collection includes a concept illustration for th
269 - Great Moments with Mr. Lincoln Prototype Plate.
(Disneyland, c.1967) A prototype souvenir plate featuring imagery from the "Great Moments with Mr. Lincoln" attraction. This smoked glass ...
270 - Great Moments with Mr. Lincoln Imagineering Profiles.
(Disneyland, c.1965) A packet prepared by WED Imagineering titled "Profiles 'Great Moments with Mr. Lincoln' - The Opera House - Disney...
271 - The Walt Disney Story Dedication Ceremony Ticket.
(Disneyland, 1973) A very scarce admission ticket to the Dedication Ceremony for "The Walt Disney Story" at Disneyland. Formerly the "...
272 - Signed "Beauty and the Beast" Store Display Bust.
(Disneyland, c.2000s) A stunning fiberglass bust of Beast from the animated feature film "Beauty and the Beast" that has been signed by vo...
273 - Original "Rescuers" Window Display Concept Art.
(Disneyland, c.1977) An original illustration for a Main Street window display based on Disney's animated feature film, "The Rescuers"...
274 - Collection of Original "Rescuers" Window Display Art.
(Disneyland, c.1977) A collection of (11) original illustrations for a Main Street window display based on Disney's animated feature film, "...
275 - Collection of Original "Rescuers" Window Display Scene Concepts.
(Disneyland, c.1977) A collection of (5) original paintings and (10) drawings created for a Main Street window display based on Disney's animate...
Estimates : 3,000.00 - 5,000.00
276 - Disneyland Tencennial Newspaper Supplement.
(Disneyland, 1965) A newspaper supplement created in celebration of Disneyland's 10th Anniversary. The supplement contains many full-color photo...
277 - Disneyland "Tencennial Celebration" Smoked Glass Dish.
(Disneyland, 1965) A decorative smoked glass dish created for Disneyland's Tencennial Celebration in 1965. The dish measures 6.25"x8.25&quo...
278 - Set of (4) Mickey Mouse Birthday Promotional Items.
(Disneyland, 1968/88) A set of promotional items created for Mickey Mouse's 40th and 60th Birthday Celebrations at Disneyland. This set includes...
279 - Magic Kingdom Club 20-Year Anniversary Plaque.
(Disneyland, 1977) A rare plaque created to celebrate the 20th Anniversary of Disneyland's Magic Kingdom Club. This plaque reads, "Celebrat...
280 - Pair of Disneyland 25th Anniversary Kraft Posters.
(Disneyland, 1980) A pair of large posters created for Disneyland's 25th Anniversary. These posters by Kraft feature imagery from "Snow Whi...
Start Price : 100.00 | Estimates : 200.00 - 400.00
281 - Original Disneyland 25th Anniversary Plate Artwork.
(Disneyland, 1980) A collection of original artwork and prints used in the creation of Disneyland's 25th Anniversary souvenir plate. The design ...
282 - Set of (6) Donald Duck's 50th Birthday Promotional Items.
(Disneyland, 1984) A set of promotional items created for Donald Duck's 50th Birthday Celebration. This set includes (2) flyers, (1) 3-D photo i...
283 - Happy Birthday Donald Duck Lamppost Sign.
(Disneyland, 1984) A sign created for Donald Duck's 50th birthday celebration at Disneyland in 1984. This sign was displayed on a Main Street la...
284 - Disneyland 30th Anniversary Sign.
(Disneyland, 1985) A sign used in the park to celebrate the 30th Anniversary of Disneyland. The sign is printed on an artist's board backing and...
285 - Mickey's 60th Birthday Disneyland Banner.
(Disneyland, 1988) A banner created for Mickey's 60th Birthday celebration in 1988. This banner features great imagery of a well-dressed Mickey ...
286 - Disneyland 35th Anniversary Main Gate Sign.
(Disneyland, 1990) A large sign used to promote Disneyland's 35th Anniversary. This fiberglass sign was displayed near the entry gate for the pa...
287 - 35 Years of Magic Commemorative Pin Set.
(Disneyland, 1990) A set of (12) framed commemorative pins created to celebrate Disneyland's 35th Anniversary. The pins feature a variety of cha...
288 - Pair of Disneyland 35th Anniversary Cast Member Awards.
(Disneyland, 1990) A pair of awards created to honor Disneyland's Group Sales employees during the park's 35th Anniversary. The pair include...
289 - Disneyland 50th Anniversary Press Invitation Boxed Set.
(Disneyland, 2005) A rare press invitation boxed set for Disneyland's 50th Anniversary celebration. The box includes a booklet with photos and i...
290 - Disneyland 50th Anniversary Press Gift Set.
(Disneyland, 2005) A rare complete gift package created for members of the press who were invited to cover the 50th Anniversary of Disneyland. This gi
291 - Disneyland Hotel "Diamond Celebration" Entrance Panel.
(Disneyland, 2015) A large rectangular metal sign displayed in the entrance to the Disneyland Hotel during Disneyland's "Diamond Celebratio...
293 - Large "Diamond Celebration" Logo Sign.
(Disneyland, 2015) A large sign featuring the logo for Disneyland's "Diamond Celebration" for the 60th Anniversary of the park. This s...
294 - Disneyland's 60th Anniversary Diamond Decoration.
(Disneyland, 2015) A Disneyland crest decoration from the 60th Anniversary "Diamond Celebration" at the park. This style of decoration was...
296 - Disneyland Resort "60 Years" Entrance Sign.
(Disneyland, 2015) This extremely rare sign was displayed over the entrance to the Disneyland Resort during its 60-year "Diamond Celebration&qu...
297 - Disneyland's 60th Anniversary Crest Decoration.
298 - Disneyland's 60th Anniversary Wooden Plaque.
(Disneyland, 2015) A Disneyland crest wooden plaque from the 60th Anniversary "Diamond Celebration" at the park. This style of decoration ...
299 - Mickey Christmas Wreath.
(Disneyland, c.2000s) An original prop Christmas wreath from the holiday events at the Disneyland Resort. This wreath is likely composed of fibreglass
300 - Original Mickey Mouse Christmas Promotional Artwork.
(Disneyland, 1980s) A design for promotional artwork featuring a hand-trimmed photostat of Mickey Mouse that has been hand-embellished with black ink
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Music Young People Should Listen To
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Publication date: June, 1960 | Author: Richard Bloem | Rubric: Music | Volume: Vol 20 No 5 1960
A maxim reads, “Show me your friends and I will tell you what kind of man you are.” Similarly we can say, “Show me what kind of music you listen to and I will tell you what kind of man you are.” Such a statement may seem absurd or unreasonable and at the very best a matter of opinion. For surely, you may ask, how could one’s musical tastes be used to determine one’s thoughts, desire, or characteristics. The character of youth in particular is so flexible that an abstract thing such as music could not possible produce a positive idea or determination as to what their qualities may be. But let us be a bit constructive and look into the matter. We may also determine what music young people should listen to. For that is the positive aspect of the matter.
We may define music as an expressive or intelligible combination of tones or sounds having rhythm and melody. These sounds are produced by setting up vibrations of varying degrees which produce musical tones. Tones produced by the use of different materials or methods vary in intensity, resonance and expression. In combination they produce sounds that may be pleasant or unpleasant to the ear but only harmonies produced according to general techniques of music writing are music.
Such a definition of music is proper but in itself lacks the necessary elements to produce a perspective for our evaluation to it. Music is the many moods of men. It is utterance, assertion, indication, representation, interpretation; it is suggestive, forceful and graphic. Music is a medium of expression, a gift of God to compliment man’s speech. Through the medium of music, man’s joy, sorrows, victories, defeats, conflicts of the soul, and superficial expression are revealed as he combines tones with rhythm to represent his particular mood and accent his verbal expression.
That such is the case no one can deny. One who is skilled in the art of listening to music easily recognizes in a composition the intent of the composer, whether it is to produce a musical picture of a place or an event, or whether it be the image of his soul. A skilled listener can easily feel the relationship between the words and music, whether fitting or not. But one need not be skilled in the listener’s art to feel the movement of music. All its implications many not be recognized but music impels the listener to be aware of the emotion, tenderness, sympathy, fervor, eagerness, zeal or passion that is present with it. Who has not thrilled to a stirring march, or listened with rapture to a full organ rendition of a masterful composition, or sat with mixed feeling of joy and sorrow at the funeral of a loved one while a comforting hymn was played or sung. Music imparts a definite something that cannot be overlooked in its effects upon us.
MUSIC CLASSIFIED
The church and the world have long used music as an expression of their way of life. Although similarities in purpose may seem to exist, their music type differs.
It is difficult to define good sacred music since there is no one attribute that makes music sacred. Great composers have long since used the same style of writing in both their sacred and non-sacred music. However, music comes as close as possible to what we mean by the word ‘sacred,’ when the typical secular harmonies, rhythms and general techniques of writing are not present. A careful wedding of words and music are an inherent quality of sacred music. Sacred music, as an expression of a Christian’s life, is recognized by its particular union of music and words whether the mood expressed be joy or sorrow or whether the music be simple or complex. God is a God of order. Sacred music is therefore orderly. God is to be honored and praised. Sacred music honors and praises God. God is the source of all our comfort through Christ Jesus our Lord. Sacred music speaks of the peace of mind that comfort brings. Although sung in many tongues and played on many instruments, sacred music always has those recognizable attributes.
The simple but heartfelt psalms set to music or the profound messages of Handel’s “Messiah” are but examples of the distinct character of sacred music.
Secular music is distinguished from sacred music in its lack of sincerity and depth of purpose. Its composition does not emanate from a regenerated spirit but from unregenerated man. While evil in its intended purpose, the music is a commentary of the life and loves and languishes of human nature. And although interpretive of man’s earthly, carnal thoughts, it in some small way displays God’s gift of music to man. Classical music in various forms as well as simple lyrics set to music generally fall in secular classification. Beethoven’s “Moonlight Sonata” and “Old Black Joe” are typical examples.
Popular music is an outgrowth of man’s complete rebellion against God. Its syncopated beat or uneven rhythm is representative of man’s ruthless existence and unsettled moods. The sentimental style which is used in our present day popular music is indicative of the sensual spirit of man as he woos his fellows into emotional ecstasy and attempts to sooth his own godless spirit. Any similarity to sacred music is purely co-incidental and even when and attempt is made by a popular song writer to adapt sacred music to his use it is obvious that the reprobate heart is not attuned to God. God is not mocked. Man’s true character is clearly shown as he gives it expression in popular music. “Sentimental Journey” “Beer Barrel Polka,” “Memphis Blues,” “Tiger Rag,” and “Hound Dog” typically bring God and His precepts into disrepute and blaringly hold forth the precepts of unregenerate man.
LISTENING – BY WHAT STANDARDS
To hear is to have the sense or faculty of perceiving sound. And although to hear does not necessarily imply attention or application, any act of hearing by man causes a reaction I his heart. The man of sin responds against God: the new man in Christ rebels against sin and praises God. The sound of the wind blowing causes blessing and cursing for that sound also affects the human soul. So it also is with the sound of music. For music always has a message.
It is therefore important that we hear and listen to the proper sound and messages. We must filter out the base and deceitful sound that reaches our ear and become deaf to those of like kind. On the other hand we must digest and use those that have a message for the Christian’s renewed heart. Christ exhorts us in Mark 4: 24 to “Take heed what ye hear: with what measure ye mete, it shall be measured to you: and unto you that hear shall more be given.” And in Luke 8:18 Christ also tells us to “Take heed therefore how ye hear.” To hear is to listen and to listen is to harken, to give heed, to yield to advice.
The church listens and in her listening she is discerning. To be discerning she also cultivates a good musical discrimination. And in our musical discrimination we must consider the implied meaning in each music classification and separate them by discerning differences. Our existence as Protestant Reformed Churches testifies that the antithesis must be maintained. Our position in the world carries with it the obligation to also use the gift of music for the glory of God and the praise of His name. “No man can serve two masters: – Ye cannot serve God and
Mammon.” Matthew 6:24.
Remember thy Creator in the days of thy youth also when you listen to music.
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Yet Another Beast Pode Production
Tasteful Profanity
Pearls of Faux: 10 a.m. Southeast Coast Trap House
October 8, 2020 by jesseisaxiomatic, posted in Uncategorized
Sing to me, O Muse, of the wrath of the eastern seaboard, illuminated by morning’s glare, wrecker of the body clocks of footballers of the west, bearer of countless tales of tragedy and woe.
Among those weirdos whose veneration for a thing increases with its age, as if the thing’s endowment with history gives it an intrinsic value, Homer’s Iliad is sacrosanct. It’s a convenient first, a place from which to begin that allows its readers to ignore all of the myopic, parochial tendencies that refuse to wonder what else has been written. It’s also a great story, and what a cast of characters! The tale that the muses breathed into Homer is one of wrath and conflict. It begins with Ilium, a vaguely proto-Hellenic place that isn’t quite proto-Hellenic enough, and thus sufficiently independent, to where it can challenge the proto-Hellenism of the other, more proto-Hellenic places, under the dominion of King Priam of Troy, the virilest man of the ancient world, his sons innumerable, including Paris, the world’s first cautionary tale, and aided by lesser heroes like Aeneas, the erstwhile founder of Rome. Engaged in a mission to break that city are the Achaeans, a terrifying host of heroes: Achilles, so tragic and full of rage and convinced of his own perfection that you’d be excused if wondering whether he’s supposed to be a teenager, joined in most things with his homoerotic sex-pal Patrocles; the wily Odysseus, protagonist of the world’s first spin-off; wise Nestor to whom absolutely no one listens, Agamemnon the absolute dumbest fucker to ever wear a crown, who decides to test the morale and resolve of his army by persuading them to abandon the war and is then surprised when he succeeds; his brother Menelaus that the Gods turned into a cuck; et all of the ceteras. And we cannot forget those Gods, wanton arbiters of fate whose love for slaughtering and raping their worshippers kept them busy enough that they weren’t quite all-powerful, who on important occasions just decided that certain things would happen in a certain way, no matter what was or could have been done otherwise.
But here I’m thinking most of the Telemonian Ajax, also known as Ajax the Greater, to distinguish him from the other Ajax. Ajax was called the “bulwark of the Achaeans”, strong, powerful, and smart. He was a constant defender of the Achaeans’ camp, particularly when Achilles was sulking (for reasons that are phenomenally problematic in terms of modern views on basic human freedoms). And, perhaps most interestingly, he never received any direct assistance from the Gods, nor (I’m informed) does he ever appear in an aristeia.
Guys, Russell Wilson is the Telemonian Ajax*. Dominant, but still somehow underrated. Like Ajax, who is distinguished by an epithet that acknowledges his greatness even while it simultaneously limits it (he remains Ajax the Greater, not Ajax the Greatest), Russell Wilson is cast as a player never quite good enough to be the best, the most notable, the most deserving. In a game during which he had to overcome dropped passes, both expected and aberrant, the occasional breakdown of pass protection, too many Travis Homer rushing plays on first down, slightly more than 13,000 Floridians, even his own mistakes, Wilson showed that characteristic perhaps most sought by Ajax: resiliency.
* It’s also worth pointing out that, in both of Ajax’s most significant encounters against Hector, he almost kills the esteemed Prince of Ilium with a massive rock, the latter time by throwing it at him. And who else is Russell Wilson, if not the famousest slinger of rocks?
We jest often enough, and frequently with good cause, about Pete Carroll and his west-coast-positivity-vibe, a philosophy that by most accounts makes him beloved by players. And yet. If Pete Carroll is the Zeus to Russell Wilson’s Telamonian Ajax, we have years of evidence that Carroll’s grip on the balance-scales of fate supports Wilson on some days, trips him on others; Carroll is, after all, like other coaches, and Gods, imperfect. Resiliency keeps Wilson cool and calm, whether fate dictates a challenging duel, a battle in which he becomes the bulwark against defeat, an impossible obstacle, even a cacophonic storm hurled upon him by his own coach.
But what if there’s another explanation, another layer baked into this apparent madness? What if Carroll is simply playing the long game? What if Carroll saw himself a kid who was good, could be great, with the potential to be the greatest, and hurled at him every challenge he knew the kid could stomach, cognizant that this incessant pattern of overcoming would result in a player who simply couldn’t not overcome, a player whose psyche was so rooted in it that there was no alternative, a one-way road whose every milepost reads better?
Because Telamonian Ajax, at the end of all things, kills himself when gods and men alike decide that Odysseus deserves the fabled armor of Achilles more; in his last moments, he is refuted by the finality of that greater, never greatest. As we all know by now, Wilson’s headset began malfunctioning on the first play of the Seahawks’ first drive of the 4th quarter. And so, what does our resilient hero do when confronted with a reality in which the gods no longer speak? He marches down, one crosser to Lockett; an inside-zone run at the time when you’re supposed to call that play; another crosser to Lockett, though this time on play action, as if calling to the nerds that the run can set up the pass; a shrugs-who-knows let’s give to it Dallas?; a reprieve in which Russ demonstrates that he can successfully complete a check-down pass; and then a wily play, a play that Ares and Athena would equally condone, swiftly taking advantage of a tired, mid-substitution defense that either forgets to cover David Moore or just does a terrible job of it. The march ends with a perfect toss, as easy as breathing.
We watched a game in which the Seahawks should have scored more points, and could very well have kept the Dolphins from scoring as many points. They have the talent and leadership to do more. But there is a kind of wisdom in being imperfect, whether by design or because we’re all infallible and imperfection is our incurable lot, our default place of embarkation.
Instead of pressing forward, let’s look back. Recall the 12-7 victory in Carolina from seven years past, or the 13-9 victory in the same place the next year. Remember, starting at the end of 2015 (which by then was actually 2016): the divisional loss yet fucking again in the ambiguous state of Carolina in 2015; the painful loss to the Saints, followed by a horrifying loss to the Bucs, both in 2016; and…
As it turns out, the narrative of the 10 a.m. east coast trap game is more a narrative than a fact — going back to 2013, in the regular season, the Seahawks are 11-2 in East coast games starting at 10 a.m. But many of those games weren’t traps; they were games when the Seahawks beat a team they should have beat. That record then drops to 4-2 if you consider games played outside of domes in East coast states formerly belonging to the Confederacy, with all four victories all against the Panthers, by a combined +19 point differential. To the extent anyone is looking for a point to this — itself, a troublesome proposition — it’s this: we’ve constructed a narrative, based to some degree on truth, that the Seahawks are bad at comfortably beating inferior opponents in what let’s call 10 a.m. southeast-coast trap games. Let’s enjoy, not the overturning of this narrative, which becomes less and less true the more it is exposed to examination, but the fact that the Seahawks have finally arrived at a dimension of imperfection where they can play poorly in such a game, and still drop 30+ points on the way to slightly less panic-inducing victory.
It’s 2020, we all ought to enjoy what we can.
Published by jesseisaxiomatic
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Ben East Books
citizenship | literature
Two Pumps for the Body Man
Foreign Service
The Departed–Ten Years After
Review: Shattered Glass—The Story of a Marine Embassy Guard
THIS IS HOW WE TWEET
ONE DEAD COP
20 Years On: Peace Corps &Writing
Crossing Paths with Paul Theroux in Malawi
Peace Corps Retrospective
Review Catalogue
Review–Winterswim
The following was published January 6 at Atticus Review.
REDEMPTION UNDER ICE: A REVIEW OF WINTERSWIM BY RYAN BRADLEY
The prologue to Ryan W. Bradley’s Winterswim strikes quick and brutal: a violent pastor, a forced conversion to Christ, a victim on a frozen lake in the arctic night. The pastor murders his young female prey by pushing her head through the ice until her flopping body goes limp. Conversion—“Jesus is my lord and savior”—and murder accomplished, the pastor lifts the corpse by the ankles and lets it slide into the wintry black water.
Bradley’s spare prose creates a strong and palpable reality. His characters are true to their demographic: a high school boy obsessed with tits and the young female body generally; a small-town tart-turned-starlet in all her narcissistic glory; a strung out Pastor with a deviant sense of The Rapture and his van-driving meth dealer. These characters and others are well-drawn in the plainest of terms. And the premise is simple enough. Pastor Long gains his victims’ trust through the church youth group. Then he gets them alone. Then he gets them high. He fucks them, it seems over the course of several encounters. He elicits their commitment to Christ. Then he kills them.
It’s simple and salacious and a lot of the writing is very good, on a technical level. But one overarching problem undermines it all. The parents don’t suspect. The cops don’t suspect. Only the Pastor’s motherless son, 16-year-old Steven, has the ability to piece together the basic array of serial crimes occurring around town. Can the authorities really be so blind as to fail at linking these very similar murders: an attractive high school female dumped in Cottonwood Lake last spring; next victim—different high school but same church—death by drowning chalked up to the meth in her system; later Serena Spencer, the high school girl the Pastor shares corporally, and graphically, with his dealer on the shag carpet in Pratt’s beat up van; later still, yet another female member of the church youth club, Rebecca.
Bradley at least makes an effort to explain the mental deficiency among the adults who populate this story. Parents are grateful just to have Pastor Long pay attention to their daughters. Cops and journalists are “too disinterested” to pursue yet another drowning of yet another high school girl in a lake not too far from the last time they found the corpse of a high school girl drowned in a lake. Too disinterested? This is a small town cop’s wet dream, a journalist’s ticket out of Dodge, perhaps to the limelight of a bigger city… like Anchorage. Surely the temptation to crack a case like this is superior to idling in a police cruiser on a lonely stretch of arctic highway, waiting for the town drunk to drive by at five mph above the speed limit.
The glaring problem presents itself immediately, when principal protagonist Steven breaks into the morgue after the opening murder. Very quickly he’s the only person in town to note the strangulation marks around the victim’s throat. A sixteen year-old, on his first B&E, at night, into a morgue, staring at the naked corpse of his classmate on a slab, and he’s got wits enough to identify strangulation marks the medical examiner missed? Something is wrong with the authorities, and something worse amiss with the parents of the girls who let their daughters attend one-on-one counseling with Pastor Long.
How Pastor Long becomes the depraved madman he is, in pursuit of his particular brand of “Rapture”, is an inventive back-story from the wilds of Alaska, including legends from his mother’s Tlingit mythology. It’s just enough to make the reader understand where some of this is coming from, even if it’s impossible to sympathize with a serial rapist and murderer of women below the age of consent (in most states).
Bradley’s writing is good (not flawless, but good). A victim’s first experience with meth: “She could feel the universe with her skin. Her nipples were antennas;” “She was the snow. Melting and wet and so far away.” Later, “The blizzard inside Rebecca stopped. She felt nothing, no fingers, no lips, no tongue. She was a puddle.” And he nails the narcissism of perhaps his most colorful character, Kate Stultz, the small-town tart, once nicknamed Jailbait Kate by the bored fathers she seduced after babysitting their kids in the days before she went to Hollywood to make it big: “She walked out of the store, taking small bites from one (snack food) and winking at the men and women she passed on the way back to her car… Kate fed on the looks of envy, lust, and awe that followed her around the little hick town.” Another victim, this detail: “She was sweaty and some of the pastor’s semen leaked down the inside of her bare thigh.” From Pastor Long’s perspective: “They would get high and they would fuck and they would do the Lord’s work. Amen.”
Solid as much of the writing is, it’s also got flaws, from a steady drumbeat of comma ticks to a few well-worn phrases: we have the Pastor “springing into action;” Serena Spencer’s cheeks “bloom with color” at the thought of getting high or fucking. There’s this tough sell: Steven begins “to feel like he was in a crime novel.” It feels like a cameo of sorts, a character referencing the genre that gives him breath… Steven IS in a crime novel. Later Steven hits the floor like some “spasmodic commando…”, an awkward description that ruins the tension established by having the protagonist nearly caught snooping in a murderer’s private lair. Later Steven “surveyed the bar” and “tried not to look out of place.” Surely in the trying, he renders his appearance out of place.
I liked a lot of Winterswim, and offer this possible redemption to my main criticism of official and parental cluelessness: take the novella as a political statement. After all, the story takes place in Wasilla, Alaska, the town that gave us Sarah Palin. In fact they made her mayor—TWICE. It would be unkind to suggest that everybody in Wasilla is a knucklehead (only 651 people voted for her the first time; 909 the second). Still more said “yes” than said “no” to having the mother of Trig and Track as their mayor. We all may have been better off if they’d elected another of the town’s famous denizens—porn “actress” April Flowers.
In the final analysis Winterswim is the product of a talented writer who’s given us a violent and explosive cross between Boys Life magazine and Penthouse Forum. A little more plot and a little less sex. It reads, in the end, like a letter to the editor of High Society or some other glossy porno mag: “She reached behind her back and unhooked it while the pastor kissed her breasts. His hand reached down and undid her jeans. His fingers pushed into her panties. She had shaved in anticipation of the night, and his fingers glided across her skin and and (sic) then slid inside. Pastor Long… crawled between her legs. Pratt unzipped his jeans and… played with himself while the pastor…”
It treats some serious topics: addiction, redemption, rape, abuse. It even teases out a rare and special Native mythology overwritten by Christianity. But it’s glossy. It’s porn, with a bit of plot and backstory.
Winterswim
by Ryan W. Bradley
Civil Coping Mechanisms, 2014
Reviewed by Ben East
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mIO4ykgd6Es
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The Colour of Calcutta aka The King of the Road March 19, 2017
Tags: Ambassador, Calcutta, India, taxi, yellow
The first thing I noticed in Calcutta, was the omnipresent yellow taxis. It shant be denied, Calcutta is – at least at first sight, a chaotic, dirty, dreary, noisy, congested megalopolis (rumour says 17 million people…). At second glance, after spotting the taxis, the picture changes. At least it did for me. The taxis, like a swarm of bees, were lighting up every street.
The yellow Ambassadors are everywhere!!
FACT | The Hindustan Ambassador was an automobile manufactured by Hindustan Motors of India. It was in production from 1958 to 2014 with few improvements and changes over its production lifetime.
All the taxis have ‘No refusal’ on their doors. The story goes that the taxis are notorious for declining passengers, a fact that tells me that the drivers earn pretty good money. At least enough to say no to a ride in jammed areas – or too far away or maybe the driver has just planned his lunch break! So the authorities made the drivers put ‘No refusal’ on the car and act accordingly. Does it help? Hardly!
QUOTE | “It is as if the car is made for the city, its classic design going so well with the Colonial architecture.”
New and old times meet in the streets of Calcutta.
FACT | Taxi services started in Calcutta in 1907, the Ambassador became the standard taxi model in 1962. In 2014, Hindustan Motors brought the production of this regal brand to a close, sadly the Ambassador was not in sufficient demand.
If you didn’t know, you would think that there was still a steady production of these cars as they swarm and honk their way through the streets. May the remaining cars live long and colour the streets of Calutta!
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Figure 2 | BMC Public Health
From: Cocaine- and opiate-related fatal overdose in New York City, 1990–2000
Percentage of drug overdose death attributed to cocaine only and opiates-only among 15–64 year olds in NYC, 1990–2000 (N = 8,774). Cocaine only overdose deaths were decedents in which cocaine (not in the presence of opiates) was the cause of death; other drugs (except opiates) may also have been contributors of cause of death; Opiate only overdose deaths were decedents in which opiates (without the presence of cocaine) were the cause of death; other drugs (except cocaine) may also have been contributors of cause of death. Cocaine and opiate overdose deaths refers to overdose deaths in which both cocaine and opiates were the cause of death; other drugs may also have been contributors of cause of death.
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SHINE – an An After-School Program that Combines Math and Dance #makereducation
SHINE is an 8-week program started by MIT Graduate Kirin Sinha that provides mentoring in math from MIT students as well as dance training! Via The Boston Globe
About Shine:
SHINE is an 8-week program that combines formal dance classes with a tailored math curriculum with the overarching goal of establishing a lifelong love of mathematics and creative expression in its students. SHINE will run from March 5th to May 7th on Wednesday afternoons from 3:30pm – 5:30 pm and is held on MIT’s beautiful campus at the McCormick Hall, 320 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, MA 02139.
The program is taught by trained dance instructors and math mentors from MIT. Following a rigorous curriculum, SHINE incorporates a method of learning called ‘kinesthetic learning’ which allows students to have fun while they progress to different levels of mathematics, eventually covering all the 6th and 7th Grade Math Standards. The dance portion of classes will focus on both choreography and technique of many different dance styles.
Kirin Sinha, program founder and senior at MIT who’s majoring in theoretical math and computer science, tells the Boston Globe about why she started SHINE:
Sinha began taking ballet, tap, and jazz when she was 3 years old because, she says, she was kind of a klutzy kid. Eventually, she added classical Indian dance to her repertoire, and she now dances professionally. She has been on math teams and loves the creativity that math requires, but she thinks it was dance that gave her the self-confidence, discipline, and gumption that’s helped her succeed in very different arenas.
“You’re taught to work really hard and work through the sheer sweat and grit,” Sinha said. “That stuck with me through math.”
She began to wonder whether dance provided a way to build certain skills that were totally neglected in a traditional math class. She noticed that when she tutored students, there was a clear gender difference: Boys say they don’t understand fractions. Girls say they can’t.
A year and a half ago, Sinha launched SHINE, an unusual after school program for middle school girls that combines the two disciplines. Through hours of tutoring on hip-hop moves and fractions, the program seeks to help girls with math skills and their mindset. Sinha hopes that even just small changes to girls’ self confidence or comfort with math could yield big gains.
On a recent afternoon, the 15 girls in the session spent time learning a complicated hip-hop routine while their instructors walked them through the hops and twirls and shoulder-shimmying steps. They broke it down and practiced the sequence, first slowly and then sped-up. The girls were chatty and inquisitive, asking questions about how their hands should be placed during one move or how to get back into place quickly after the end of one sequence. Then, they went up to a sunlit room at the top of an MIT dormitory and began drawing math problems on the wall with markers and working through packets of word problems.
Filed under: educators, STEM, young engineers —
Tags: education, STEM — by Kelly
Comments Off on SHINE – an An After-School Program that Combines Math and Dance #makereducation
“An expert is a person who has made all the mistakes that can be made in a very narrow field”
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Body found on Table Mountain after 3-day search for missing runner
- A body has been found on Table Mountain, according to Wilderness Search and Rescue
- The body matches the description of a runner who disappeared on Monday and it seems that the tragic mystery has been solved
- Ken Stephen went missing on Monday at around 2:30pm after saying he was going for a run up the mountain
A body has been found on Table Mountain; search and rescue officials have confirmed this following a three-day search for a missing trail runner.
Wilderness Search and Rescue (WSAR) spokesperson Johan Marais on Wednesday afternoon confirmed that a body was spotted below the Africa Face on Table Mountain.
The clothing worn fits the description of what the missing person was last seen wearing, Marais said. According to police, this had been pink shorts, a dark jacket and black running shoes, said News24.
On Monday, the search for 36-year-old Ken Stephen, a trail runner who went missing on Table Mountain, began.
READ ALSO: Winde is positive for Covid-19: Premier determined to continue fight
Marais said:
"We can now confirm that the body of the person we have been searching for since 6 July, 2020 has been found. The wallet, car keys and the clothing confirmed his identity.
"The body will later have to be identified by the family. The location where he was found indicates that he may have fallen from a high location."
WSAR acknowledged the assistance of Working on Fire, volunteers from the trail running fraternity and other volunteers who were meaningfully employed in the search, as well as their own volunteers.
Helicopter search and rescue
According to a family spokesperson at the search operation base, they had been informed that a body had been found. They were, however, waiting for official confirmation on the identity.
Ken had gone missing on Monday after going for a run on Table Mountain at around 2:30 pm.
Since Monday, chopper and ground searches were undertaken and yesterday approximately 500 volunteers joined Search and Rescue to assist in the hunt, said SA People News.
Childhood friend Keith Counihan said earlier he was "shocked" at his friend's disappearance, but expressed relief at the "massive" turnout, adding that they were "not alone" and hoping to find some results soon.
My telkom Ewallet Katlego danke Dstv extra view
Umkhonto we Sizwe: 'Not wise' to keep schools open as Covid-19 peaks
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Category: Horror
Essays · Horror
Design for Killing: Function Follows Form into the Megalomania of Giallo
Filmmakers like Argento have no interest in sex per se. Suffering seems inessential, but terror and death are key, photographed with the same clinical absorption and aesthetic gloss as giallo-maestros[…]
Directors · Horror · SF & Fantasy
Weird and Pissed Off: Field Notes on John Carpenter’s First Fifteen Years
“It’s better to be a human being than an imitation.”- John Carpenter, on The Thing * * * 1. Begin with sound. Begin with Assault on Precinct 13 (1976). A[…]
“Disease with a Purpose”: Ex-Boyfriends, Abortion and The Fly (1986)
But the choice to get this thing out of her body, to have an abortion, is made up of equal parts self-compassion and safety. It is entirely locatable. Ronnie is[…]
Activist & Political · Comedy · Horror
Watch it Again! Society (Brian Yuzna, 1989)
Yes, Society supplies the body horror, well crafted in all its sticky glory by Japanese effects expert Screaming Mad George, but it fuses it with teen movie, conspiracy thriller, and[…]
Documentaries · Horror
Still Life with Cannibal: On Issei Sagawa and the Documentary Caniba (2017)
The notion of the body as entry to the soul becomes a fallacy: penetration is not a portal to another person’s psyche – just as Sagawa’s cannibalism of Hartevelt could[…]
Historical & Epic · Horror · Women in Film
Watch it Again! The Witch (2015)
The Witch is about what is in woman that is presumed not to exist, because it cannot be seen. * * * Robert Altman’s 3 Women is mostly a high-kitsch[…]
Horror · Philosophy · Religion & Spirituality
Bella Donna: Lilith, Gaia, and the Spectral Mother in Mario Bava’s Black Sunday
We will go back to our old gods again. – Goethe * * * My eyes. My eyes. I’m seeing again. Across a gulf of how-many years, the light is[…]
Experimental & Underground · Horror · Philosophy · Religion & Spirituality · Romance
Cosmic Melodrama: Darren Aronofsky’s mother!
Whatever else it is, mother! is ultimately a woman’s anxious nightmare about what it feels like to put your heart and soul into creating something only for people to take[…]
Horror · Philosophy · Romance
Lonely, but Not Alone: Death as a Collective Experience in David Lowery’s A Ghost Story
Regardless of whether it is worth doing or not, people will continue to rely on memory as a way to create legacy and heritage. People will always leave things behind,[…]
Horror · LGBT & Queer · Writers & Critics
Have I Seen the Real World Yet? Thomas Tryon’s The Other (1972)
One of the few indelible images in director Robert Mulligan’s 1972 film of The Other is that of Niles in the freaks’ tent at the 4th of July fair, gazing[…]
Franchises & Series · Horror · SF & Fantasy
Alien: Covenant: Ridley Scott’s Myth of Creation Science
The people we care most about in Alien: Covenant are those we most delight in seeing eviscerated. David gives us his own flair for the ghoulish, cultivating with us his garden of monsters[…]
Crime · Essays · Horror
Family Night: Attacks on the American Homestead in Night of the Hunter and Night of the Living Dead
The two films under examination here, The Night of the Hunter (1955) and Night of the Living Dead (1968), would have you believe that nothing harrows the soul like an[…]
Horror · Philosophy
God Is Dead but the Shadow Is Long: Ridley Scott’s Alien: Covenant
Like Prometheus, Alien: Covenant refuses to allow either the religious or materialist viewer to remain comfortable in their own belief or unbelief: for every Christian and Darwinian horror there is seared[…]
Horror · Romance
Watch It Again! King Kong (Merian C. Cooper, 1933)
With Kong: Skull Island making waves at the box office right now, perhaps it’s time to reintroduce ourselves to the first and, M. C. Myers argues (and we agree), best of the[…]
Activist & Political · Books · Horror
Book Review: Films of the New French Extremity: Visceral Horror and National Identity
By the mid-2000s, following social unrest and political upheaval in France, and culminating with the emergence of the “torture-porn” horror subgenre in the United States with titles such as Saw[…]
Essays · Horror · Religion & Spirituality
You Say You Want a Revolution? Regan’s Head and The Exorcist
If the evil spirit is “seen,” that is, reflected . . . he is overcome. – Marie-Louise von Franz Unmask Satan, and you vanquish him. – St. Augustine * *[…]
Directors · Horror
Experimenting with the Horrific: A Reappraisal and Retrospective of the Films of Tobe Hooper
Hooper’s interest in horror articulates itself primarily in formal invention: how can the frame be used to incapacitate viewer expectations? * * * Tobe Hooper’s most recent feature film, Djinn[…]
Crime · Horror
Don’t Breathe, Just Keep on Surviving
What I have identified is a recurrent depiction of American citizens committing acts of extreme violence against one another, almost always in service of financial interest. * * * Watched[…]
The Horror of a Nation’s Despair: Rob Zombie’s 31 (2016)
Much like the serial-killer-themed amusement park ride in House of 1000 Corpses, 31 is a fast and hyper-sensory excursion into a nation’s sickest and bleakest fixations. * * * Rob[…]
M. Night Shyamalan’s Terror Trilogy: Signs (2002), The Village (2004), and The Happening (2008)
Shyamalan’s three films portray an imbalanced and endangered world; they engage to varying degrees with the imagery and anxiety surrounding terrorist attacks in the wake of September 11, 2001, while[…]
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Kid Scientists: True Tales of Childhood from Science Superstars (Kid Legends)
Author: Stabler, David
Acknowledged authors Stabler, David wrote Kid Scientists: True Tales of Childhood from Science Superstars (Kid Legends) comprising 208 pages back in 2018. Textbook and eTextbook are published under ISBN 1683690745 and 9781683690740. Since then Kid Scientists: True Tales of Childhood from Science Superstars (Kid Legends) textbook was available to sell back to BooksRun online for the top buyback price of $ 0.30 or rent at the marketplace.
Funny and totally true childhood biographies and full-color illustrations tell tales from the challenging yet defining growing-up years of Albert Einstein, Jane Goodall, Marie Curie, and 12 other brilliant scientists.
Every great scientist started out as a kid. Before their experiments, inventions, and discoveries that changed the world, the world's most celebrated scientists had regular-kid problems just like you. Stephen Hawking hated school, and preferred to spend his free time building model airplanes, inventing board games, and even building his own computer. Jane Goodall got in trouble for bringing worms and snails into her house. And Neil deGrasse Tyson had to start a dog-walking business to save up money to buy a telescope. Kid Scientists tells the stories of a diverse and inclusive group—also including Temple Grandin, Nikola Tesla, Ada Lovelace, Benjamin Franklin, Isaac Newton, Rosalind Franklin, Sally Ride, Rachel Carson, George Washington Carver, and Vera Rubin—through kid-friendly texts and full-color cartoon illustrations on nearly every page.
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Winning Numbers Drawn For $865M Mega Millions JackpotThe Mega Millions jackpot was up to $865 million for Tuesday night’s drawing, with a cash option of $638.8 million.
WBZ ForecastEric Fisher has an updated weather forecast.
Winning Numbers Drawn In $865M Mega Millions JackpotThe Mega Millions jackpot was $865 million for Tuesday night’s drawing, with a cash option of $638.8 million.
Police Investigate Apparent Road Rage Incident In BelmontA man has been arrested on assault and battery charges, sources tell the I-Team.
Police Shoot Knife-Wielding Man After Mother's Body Found In Wakefield HomePolice shot a knife-wielding man inside a Wakefield home after discovering his mother dead in the basement. WBZ-TV's Nick Emmons reports.
Natick Woman, Malden Man Arrested In Capitol RiotWBZ-TV's Kristina Rex reports.
Spring Cleaning Tips For The Backyard That Is Done With Winter
Filed Under:Gardening, Gardening Tips, Gardening With Gardner, Local TV, Pamela Gardner, Spring Cleanup
CAMBRIDGE (CBS) — While the first week of April weather may not have felt like spring, the season of spring cleaning is upon us.
Multiple nor’easters in March left many homeowners with tree damage, structural damage, and branches littering the yard.
Cleaning up tree branches and dead leaves after winter (WBZ-TV)
“It’s been a terrible April so far. But we’re starting to get back in the gardens,” said gardening expert Mark Saidnaway of Pemberton Garden Service Inc.
“What you’re going to find for a lot of people, they have lots of evergreens and with that heavy snow that we had in early March a lot of them took a lot of weight gain and they’re leaning or snapped in half,” said Saidnaway.
If you have evergreen damage in your yard, experts say adding a stake or supporting your evergreens will help keep them intact.
A slanted evergreen (WBZ-TV)
Noticed a lot of brown leaves on your plants and bushes?
That is winter burn, according to Saidnaway. “Snow cover is a wonderful thing to have during the cold months because it helps protect the plants. But if there’s no snow cover, the cold winds can burn…What you can do is peel off these leaves and new growth will emerge.”
Leucothoe leaves (WBZ-TV)
“Fertilization, pruning, and hope for some nice new growth,” said Saidnaway.
Boxwoods are a common plant to suffer from winter burn.
We did find a few new buds sprouting among the debris, a sign that warmer temperatures are just around the corner.
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Documents.
Kentucky.
[Frankfort, etc.]
Kentucky > Kentucky / Politics and government
Full view v.1 University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Full view v.1 1866-1867 Cornell University
Full view v.1 1869 Cornell University
Full view 1839-1840 Cornell University
Limited (search only) 1854 University of Michigan
Full view 1864 Cornell University
Full view 1872:7-23 University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Full view 1874 University of Michigan
Full view 1874:1-8 University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Full view 1881:14-18 University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Full view 1882 University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Full view 1883:3-9,12 University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Full view 1888-1891 University of Michigan
Full view 1890-91:5-13-16 University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Full view 1891-1894:23-26,28-29 University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Full view 1893-95:2 University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Full view 1901:13 University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Legislative documents, ...
Kentucky Public Documents
Kentucky. General Assembly.
Commonwealth of Kentucky goals & objectives, 1970 : a working document
Kentucky Program Development Office.
A brief history of the rise, progress, and termination of the proceedings of the Synod of Kentucky, relative to the late Cumberland presbytery : in which is brought to view a brief account of the origin and present standing of the people usually denominated Cumberland Presbyterians : as taken from official documents and facts in possession of Synod
Kentucky Synod.
Manuscript documents from Spain dating from the 12th through the 18th centuries housed in the special collections of the Margaret I. King Library, University of Kentucky
University of Kentucky. Libraries.
Acts of the General Assembly of the Commonwealth of Kentucky
Kentucky aviation laws, rules and regulations. 1946
Kentucky insurance laws relating to agents
Constitution of Kentucky
Kentucky library laws; Kentucky revised statutes, 1944
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When Kaka’s parents divorced, her mum moved to another province in search of work and left Kaka in the care of her Grandma Naret. Today Naret and Kaka live together onsite at a local water company in Battambang, where Naret works.
After meeting Kaka and Naret, Naret agreed to enrol Kaka into CCT’s Youth Centre preschool so she could access her basic needs six days a week. CCT staff quickly realised Kaka was non-verbal and thought she may even have been deaf. The CCT Youth Centre medical staff noticed she had a scar on her chest, so teachers knew she’d had some type of surgery when she was younger. Naret had little information about Kaka’s birth history or medical history and had never received a diagnosis about Kaka’s hearing.
For the last three years, it has been CCT and Naret’s joint goal to get Kaka enrolled in public school. At present, the majority of public schools in Cambodia do not accept students with learning disabilities. So the team started on a plan with Naret to get Kaka accepted into the one specialist school for deaf and blind children in Battambang.
For Kaka to start at this school, she would require an official diagnosis that she was deaf. Since services to receive this diagnosis are non-existent in Battambang, Naret and Kaka’s social worker agreed that the best option would be for CCT’s Medical Outreach team to accompany Kaka to the children’s hospital in Siem Reap for testing.
In 2019, Naret finally received an official diagnosis from doctors in Siem Reap. Hospital tests confirmed Kaka was partially deaf with 10% hearing in one ear, and 6% in the other. There is still no way to access Kaka’s birth history, but doctors suspect she may have been born with a hole in her heart, and complications from surgery affected her hearing abilities.
Having this diagnosis was monumental for Naret, who could now enrol Kaka into a school that specialises in sensory care and are equipped to support her development. In her first three months at public school, Kaka has started learning the alphabet and how to count. She is also starting to learn Khmer sign language, which will help her communicate better with her teachers, peers and Naret. The school has provided her with a hearing aid, which has been invaluable to Kaka’s educational development and learning so far.
CCT has covered the costs of Kaka’s public school enrolment and provided her with a new uniform, bag, books and shoes. On the days she is not at school, weekends or school holidays, Kaka will come back to CCT’s Youth Centre and join the programs. CCT will continue supporting the family and make sure Naret has everything she needs to raise and support Kaka.
Every child deserves an education.
education public school Village Hive Youth Centre
Creating a promising future for her children – Trop’s Story
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Казахстанские визовые и документационные услуги в Канаде
Перейти на...Kazakh Service CentreKazakh Service Centre in KazakhstanKazakh Service Centre in CanadaKazakh Service Centre in the USAKazakh Service Centre in the UKKazakh Service Centre in China
Kazakh Service Center started operating in Canada in 2009 to cater for the needs of large Kazakhstan diaspora and business community in fast and efficient Kazakhstan consular and visa services. Originally, it had several office locations in Ottawa, Toronto, Montreal and Calgary but in 2012 all operations were centralized in downtown Ottawa office for better customer service (but with home offices for its widespread agent network in other Canadian and U.S. cities). In 2013, it expanded its operations to the USA.
Rather than opening several office locations in the US, Kazakh Service Center adopted the lessons learnt from Canada and opened its single office location in Washington, DC (but still relying on home offices of its U.S. agents in other U.S. cities - e.g., New York City).
Kazakh Service Centre® is legally operating in 3 countries: United States of America, Canada and Kazakhstan.
Business Number in USA: 47-2746551; ID: 2015 – 000678504
Business Number in Canada: 824500698
Business Number in Kazakhstan: 170940004949.
Kazakh Service Centre® has an official active tour operator license # 18019725 for conducting tourism activities in Kazakhstan. The legitimacy of the license can be verified at the Kazakhstan state portal www.egov.kz. Kazakh Service Centre® can provide visa support (letter of invitations) for any citizens of any country.
Kazakh Service Center provides the complete suite of Kazakh visa services as follows:
Advising individuals and companies (free of charge) on Kazakhstan legislation concerning visas, work permits, import and export documentation requirements as well as on any cultural, economic or social aspects relevant to Kazakhstan
Arranging letters of invitation (visa support) for mainly tourist and business visas
Assisting in preparation and proofreading visa application packages.
Processing submitted application packages until the visas are approved and issued
Expediting applications whenever needed for urgent personal or company needs (e.g., sick relative, wedding, contract sign-off, etc.).
Our document services usually include the following:
Kazakh and Russian translation and notarization of foreign documents in both the U.S. and Canada
Authentication and apostille services at the U.S. Department of State in Washington, DC
Authentication at the Canadian Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade (DFAIT JLAC division) in Ottawa
Kazakhstan consular legalization at Kazakhstan Embassies in the USA and Canada and at the Consulates of Kazakhstan in Toronto and New York City.
Apostille and Consular Legalization of Kazakhstan documents in Almaty and Nur-Sultan.
Obtaining Kazakhstan Police Certificates.
We usually work with the following documents:
Commercial invoices, packing lists and other import/export documents related to trade with Kazakhstan
Medical and pharmaceutical documents such as U.S. Food and Drug Administration Certificates for Products for Export/Certificates of Free Sale and Health Canada- Health Products and Food Branch Inspectorate (HPFBI) GMP Certificates and Certificates of Pharmaceutical Product
Incorporation documents, agreements and other business correspondence to Kazakh Government
Internal Revenue Service (IRS) Certificates of U.S. Residency
Canada Revenue Agency (CRA) Certificates of Canadian Residency
Personal and corporate Powers of Attorney (PoA)
U.S., Canadian and foreign educational certificates and transcripts
Police Certificates for employment or immigration purposes
Copies of U.S. and Canadian Passports
Statements In-Lieu of Certificate of Non-Impediment to Marriage Abroad (Canada)
Other marriage documents to marry in Kazakhstan
Certificates of Birth, Marriage or Death
Other personal and company documents.
You can navigate to individual pages for each country location where Kazakh Service Centre is present. On country-specific pages you can use the links to the left and right to choose either visa or document services by different category. The main navigation above contains link to payment methods as well as to other resources you may find useful. If you cannot find information you were looking for, please contact us!
Удостоверение подлинности и легализация документов в Канаде
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Share this Story: Hospital security guard had sex with corpse: Cops
Hospital security guard had sex with corpse: Cops
Cameron Wright. (Shelby County Sheriff's Office)
MEMPHIS, Tenn. — Authorities say a security guard at a Tennessee hospital had sex with a dead woman’s body.
News outlets reported Thursday that 23-year-old Cameron Wright is charged with abuse of a corpse. An affidavit says at least two people saw Wright having sex with a woman’s corpse in a body storage room at St. Francis Hospital in Memphis.
Hospital security guard had sex with corpse: Cops Back to video
Saint Francis Hospital-Memphis says in a statement that Wright has since been fired. Police say Wright has admitted to the crime.
The hospital says Wright had undergone a background check and was contracted through U.S. Security Associates.
It’s unclear if Wright has a lawyer. He’s set to appear in court by video on Friday.
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Share this Story: 'I HAVE A FEELING IT'S HAPPENING A LOT': Halifax ER doc thinks women being roofied at bars a regular occurrence but cops not keeping track
'I HAVE A FEELING IT'S HAPPENING A LOT': Halifax ER doc thinks women being roofied at bars a regular occurrence but cops not keeping track
Brett Bundale, Canadian Press
Paige Fitzpatrick, 21, is seen at the Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre Hospital in Halifax in this undated handout photo. Photo by Paige Fitzpatrick /THE CANADIAN PRESS/HO
Halifax Regional Police are being criticized for not tracking drink-tampering incidents in the city, amid multiple reports of spiked drinks at downtown bars and an emergency room doctor who says it happens regularly.
Two women came forward this spring after they were allegedly slipped an unidentified substance at a packed Halifax cabaret, prompting several women to speak out about similar experiences: Blacking out after only a few drinks, sleeping long stretches and recalling nothing from the night before.
'I HAVE A FEELING IT'S HAPPENING A LOT': Halifax ER doc thinks women being roofied at bars a regular occurrence but cops not keeping track Back to video
Some women told The Canadian Press they were carried home by friends. Others awoke to unfamiliar surroundings with no memory of how they got there or what occurred.
As the number of anecdotal cases involving so-called date rape drugs rose, a police spokeswoman said in April that drink tampering “is not something that we hear of often.”
In fact, a Canadian Press request under the Freedom of Information Act has revealed that Halifax police don’t track drink tampering.
Police were unable to provide statistics on drink spiking “due to not having the field” to compile reported incidents, Insp. Donald Moser said in a letter.
Tallying up reports of drink tampering would require police to “read through individually” thousands of files, which could cost thousands of dollars, he said.
In a recent email, spokeswoman Const. Carol McIsaac said she consulted the force’s watch commanders and members of the Sexual Assault Investigation Team, Liquor Enforcement Unit and Crime Analyst Unit before saying drink tampering was uncommon.
But she confirmed: “We do not have detailed data on the specific issue.”
The police response is being criticized by data management experts, who say any suspected crime reported to police should be tracked.
It also appears the police assertion that drink tampering is uncommon is out of step with the experience of some front-line hospital staff in Halifax.
“It worries me very much,” said Dr. Sam Campbell, the chief of emergency at the QEII Health Sciences Centre Halifax Infirmary. “I have the feeling it’s happening a lot, because many women say they hesitate to come to the hospital at all and even fewer would want to report it to police.”
Paige Fitzpatrick, who along with Brittany Bernard shared her experience of a suspected drink tampering incident in April, called it a shame that police don’t keep statistics on drink tampering incidents.
“All of this is very overwhelming for Brittany and I and we are still trying to move past what happened,” she said in an email.
The story of the young women, accompanied by photos of them recovering in hospital, was shared thousands of times on Facebook. They reported the alleged crime to police — although it now appears their experience won’t be included in statistics.
“It does indeed seem problematic for the police to make claims about the relative rarity of a particular crime without having data at hand to support those claims,” said Ryan Whalen, an adjunct professor at Dalhousie University’s School of Information Management.
“In situations like this, citizens have very little insight into the issue and can only really turn to the police or the rumour mill to get a sense of the relative severity of the problem.”
Although he said freedom of information requests can demand substantial resources from public organizations, he said the police response suggests a data management problem.
It could be a simple fix, suggests Louise Spiteri, associate professor of the Dalhousie school.
Depending on the force’s data management system, “it could be something as simple as adding a drink tampering field,” she said. “The bottom line is if it’s being reported, it should be recorded.”
The advantage of capturing the data in a unique field is it allows police to track patterns such as when drink tampering occurs, the demographic most impacted, and other variables, Spiteri said.
“Particularly in a place like Halifax where it’s such a university town and you have a lot of students coming away from home for the first time … there’s a lot of drinking that goes on,” she said.
There’s no uniform approach to tracking drink tampering incidents in Canada. Police departments contacted by The Canadian Press offered a variety of responses on whether they tracked drink spiking or could provide statistics.
Fredericton police, for example, track drink tampering under a field called administering a noxious substance, but there were none reported in 2017.
Ottawa police did not have the data on hand but indicated that a formal request for a records search would likely provide information as administering a noxious substance is a Criminal Code offence.
Toronto police were able to provide overall numbers for reports of administering a drug for sex and administering a noxious substance. Last year, they received 478 reports of a drugging, which includes drink tampering but also other uses of a drug such as food tampering or a cloth over a mouth.
Vancouver police quickly provided drink tampering stats, but only when the reports were tied to an alleged sexual assault. In 2017, for example, 17 reports of sexual assault involved a suspected drugging.
Meanwhile, Winnipeg police said they do not keep these type of statistics, while Montreal police were also unable to provide any data.
The QEII hospital doesn’t keep statistics on incidents involving possible date rape drugs, sometimes called roofies, which include rohypnol, ketamine and gamma hydroxybutyric acid (GHB).
Campbell said they are extremely difficult to test for because they are rapidly absorbed and metabolized by the body. Also, he said there are several other drugs that can be used, making it challenging to know what to test for.
“Some of them are tasteless and they dissolve easily in liquid, they are extremely efficient and would be very easy to slip into someone’s drink,” he said. “It’s a very, very difficult diagnosis to make.”
Campbell said in some cases a woman will arrive unsure of what happened, and in other cases a mother will bring her daughter to the emergency department.
“The most common one I would say happens a couple of times a month is someone says, ‘I was at a bar and the next thing I know my friend had to carry me home, I don’t remember a single thing about it, I had been drinking but not nearly as much as I usually drink,”‘ he said.
With so little to go on, Campbell said doctors often “shrug and say, ‘Well this is probably what happened.”‘
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BCS Title Game : Troy Smith, Gator Bait
Published on 1/8/2007 by GC
Florida 34, Ohio State 14 (halftime)
Of the 3 QB’s to take snaps tonight, Troy Smith (2 for 8, 24 yars, 1 INT, 1 fumble, sacked 3 times) would be the one bearing the least resemblence to a Heisman winner. Even taking the relative strength of the SEC versus that of the Big Ten into account, the nature of this blowout has to be considered a stunner. The Buckeyes have allowed a month’s worth of points in 30 minutes, while the Gators’ defense has been dominant, holding OSU to a mere 73 yards total offense.
After putting Ohio State ahead with a 93 yard return on the opening kickoff, Ted Ginn Jr. has been a non-factor due to ankle woes.
Jimmy Johnson suggested Jim Tressel’s charges were unprepared for a game of this magnitude, having played “only one meaningful game all season, against Michigan.” I guess that Week 2 visit to Texas was no big deal.
While authorities are still trying to figure out what was up with that unpleasant odor that permeated much of Manhattan this morning, just for safety’s sake, I think James Dolan should pledge to keep his townhouse windows closed for several hours after breakfast.
Manning Patriarch Unloads On Bradshaw
PDX’s Slants : Please Don’t Lump Us In With Dan Snyder
Rangers Fire Staffer For Catering To Football-First Fanbase
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9 thoughts on “BCS Title Game : Troy Smith, Gator Bait”
David Roth says:
Wow. 1) Very long, 2) Very Not-Close. Although I guess, much as it pains me, I can now admit that Michigan was definitively not robbed.
1/9/2007 at 2:35 am
i’m just outraged that Eddie George and Emmitt Smith bickered over the top of the “Star Spangled Banner”. Fox Sports hates freedom!
Rog says:
Why would Michigan be robbed? The Big 10 is full of mediocre football teams that can’t score points when it counts (or in Ohio State’s case, at all). Notre Dame sucks too, while I’m at it.
Zook/Meyer had such an advantage recruiting in Florida as Larry Coker was a lame-ass and Bobby Bowden was senial. For the last few years they have been getting all the blue-chip prospects in Florida. I think they’ll stay dominate (top 3) for at least a few more years until Bowden dies and Randy Shannon makes inroads.
Well, as it turns out, Texas was a three loss team that struggled against 6-6 Iowa, and the Buckeyes didn’t have to play Wisconsin. I’m a Penn State fan myself but it certainly appears Texas was no better than the high-middle SEC teams.
The ESPN column by Wojechowski about the grouchy old Washington State coach is pretty funny.
indeed, Jason, but at the time of the OSU/Texas tilt, the Longhorns were ranked no. 2 (undeservedly so, as it turned out). One of those 3 losses was to Ohio State.
OSU did manage to beat a bunch of bowl teams this year. But they also allowed, what, 72 points between the start of the Michigan game and halftime last night?
1/10/2007 at 1:51 am
Yeah, we’re talking the difference between a “meaningful game” or a game of “magnitude,” which the OSU-UT game certainly was, vs. games against a top-quality opponent, which OSU’s schedule was indeed lacking. Easy to say this now of course. But much of OSU’s aura of invincibility came from that prime-time road win over the defending national champions. Beating last year’s national champ is an overrated benchmark to begin with since it’s never the same team, and as it turns out the Horns were the Big 12 equivalent of Penn State or Georgia.
Similarly much of Michigan’s aura came from its prime time win over a Notre Dame program that many had at #1 before the season (and the Irish were coming off a stomping of Penn State that kept people fooled before it turned out they weren’t anything special either).
“Yeah, we’re talking the difference between a ‘meaningful game’ or a game of “magnitude,†which the OSU-UT game certainly was, vs. games against a top-quality opponent, which OSU’s schedule was indeed lacking.”
OSU should play fewer games against Big Ten schools, in that case. Maybe just Michigan, Michigan State and who ever looks the toughest out of Penn State, Wisconsin and Minnesota (judged 2 or 3 years in advance, anyway).
I mean, all the Buckeyes could do was win the games they had scheduled. The 10-3 Texas squad (10-2 not counting the loss in week 2), was not totally undeserving of a year end no. 13 ranking. So they nearly lost 3 games in a row to end the season. The wins over Nebraska, Texas Tech and Oklahoma oughta factor in just as surely as the losses to A&M and K-State.
all of that said, I can’t argue that beating Texas last season wasn’t nearly as big a deal as it might’ve been the prior two seasons.
It’s only 11:38pm on the west coast, so if Scott Weiland would like to chime in with further thoughts on Charlie Weis’ future, I’m all ears.
1/10/2007 at 4:30 pm
Of course there’s nothing wrong with OSU’s schedule, nor should people start saying the game proves the Big 10 is truly weak anymore than anyone ever claimed the Pac 10 was a great conference when USC was the country’s most dominant team, or the Big 12 does when Oklahoma ruled. But if Johnson — not that he knows all that much about college football these days as far as I know — was claiming OSU hadn’t been tested by more than one great team (as opposed to claiming they hadn’t been tested by the pressure of a big game) he wasn’t far wrong.
None of this was really an issue as far as the larger nonsense anyway, it was more about Michigan’s credentials (hey, at least they had to play Wisconsin).
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Classic Rock 105.1 Merch
Classic Rock 105.1 App
Your Home for Walton and Johnson in the Morning
Walton and Johnson
NFL Pass Interference Replay Will Not Return in 2020
Scott Prather
Photo by Kevin C. Cox/Getty Images
A rule passed last year following the massive officiating screwup that prevented the Saints from reaching Super Bowl 53 was executed so poorly by the league in 2019, it has died after one season.
The nefarious non-call of an obvious pass interference in the 2018 NFC Championship game led to a negative swell of criticism around the league, putting a damper on Super Bowl 53 between the Patriots and Rams*, leading the NFL competition committee to create and pass a rule allowing pass interference to become a reviewable play during the 2019 season.
The rule was passed for only one year, with the intent the league could readjust after one year if necessary.
Unsurprisingly, the league screwed up the new PI reviewable rule, often not overturning calls of obvious PI, and other times, overturning calls when PI was at best, questionable.
This led to naive fans criticizing the Saints, as if they somehow benefited from the rule change, or had anything to do with the execution of the PI review process.
Rich McKay, NFL Competition Committee Chairman, appeared on SIRIUS-XM's NFL Network today, citing the rule isn't even being voted on this year, and "dies a natural death".
Source: NFL Pass Interference Replay Will Not Return in 2020
Filed Under: New Orleans Saints, NFL, pass interference, sean payton
Categories: National Sports, State Sports
Lafayette Man Arrested in Connection With Capitol Riots
2021 Classic Rock 105.1, Townsquare Media, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Infrastructure and buildings (1)
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Cooling degree days (5)
Extreme Precipitation (11)
Extreme Temperature (7)
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Order by Name ascending Name descending
Data product Tool
BC Water Resources Atlas (Opens in a new Window)
The BC Water Resources Atlas is an iMapBC application with enhanced functionality to display detailed water related data, including watersheds, water quantity and quality monitoring sites, aquifers, water wells and flood protection works. This tool presents raster data for a variety of layers.
Sub-organization:
Ministry of Environment and Climate Change Strategy
Data product Additional resources
Climate Data (Opens in a new Window)
Climate Data brings together a significant amount of climate data and tools that have been developed for Newfoundland and Labrador. This includes historical climate data, road weather information system data, Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF) curves, temperature and precipitation projections, and flood alert system updates. Additional tools include flood risk mapping and coastal erosion monitoring. Future data are available as gridded data.
Government of Newfoundland and Labrador
Department of Municipal Affairs and Environment, Climate Change Branch
Climate data – High resolution projections (Opens in a new Window)
Climate data - High resolution projections contains high resolution climate change data focused on Ontario. The dataset contains the 50th percentile high resolution probabilistic projections of annual averaged temperature and precipitation over Ontario, covering the 1970s, 2030s, 2050s, and 2080s. Data are provided in partnership with the University of Regina and York University. Data are available for download in tabular and gridded formats
Government of Ontario, University of Regina, York University
Climate Normals (1961 - 1990) (Opens in a new Window)
The Climate Normals dataset contains averages and extremes for precipitation, temperature, heat moisture index, frost free days, moisture deficit, and evaporation from across BC for the period 1961 to 1990. Data can be downloaded by variable and visualized in HectaresBC or other map viewer. The values in this dataset are available as raster (gridded) data.
Ministry of Forests, Lands, Natural Resource Operations and Rural Development - Forest Analysis and Inventory
Extreme Precipitation in Atlantic Canada (Opens in a new Window)
Extreme Precipitation in Atlantic Canada is intended to extend the print-based Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC) Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF) analyses for Atlantic Canada through an interactive web tool. The web tool provides users with enhanced access and visualization of the official ECCC IDF point data. Features include familiar ECCC IDF station based graphs and tables with access through a map based browser interface, IDF graphs and tables based on gridded data to provide information for locations between observing sites, contoured regional and province-specific extreme rainfall maps, downloadable ASCII grid files, and integration of US data for improved visualization at the border and access to US station data.
Cornell University, Government of Canada: Environment and Climate Change Canada, Gulf of Maine Council on the Marine Environment
Cornell: Northeast Regional Climate Center (NRCC)
Faits saillants (in French only) (Opens in a new Window)
Faits saillants includes official climatological reports and lists with various climatic events that have occurred in Quebec in recent years (2013-2018). Monthly reports summarize weather conditions, nothing any of record breaking trends. Static maps of mean monthly climate are also available.
Government of Quebec
Ministry of Sustainable Development, Environment and the Fight against Climate Change
HectaresBC (Opens in a new Window)
The HectaresBC browser allows visualization and analysis of geospatial gridded data. The system allows users to easily interact with and/or combine multiple datasets and quantify values for different geographical areas. The gridded datasets currently available include historical and future climate variables across BC. HectaresBC is a highly interactive tool with data outputs in various different formats. Data layers include climate normals and projected climate of the 2020s, 2050s and 2080s under Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) 4.5 and 8.5.
Government of British Columbia, Nature Conservancy of Canada
Hurricane Season Flood Alert System (Opens in a new Window)
The Hurricane Season Flood Alert System (HSFAS) is based on forecasted precipitation amounts and seeks to provide communities with flood warning services as a key climate change adaptation and public safety tool. Alerts are provided to communities that have Flood Risk Mapping Studies (FRMS) or have published intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curves from which precipitation-based flood triggers can be derived. The HSFAS is operational during the peak hurricane months of June to December, and provides alerts for 45 communities.
Department of Municipal Affairs and Environment, Water Resources Management Division/Fire and Emergency Services
IDF Curve Lookup (Opens in a new Window)
IDF Curve Lookup is a web-based application to retrieve rainfall Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF) curves. Users can input their location using a coordinate format, and select return periods of 2, 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 years. Future projections are made based on a linear trend using 2010 as a reference year. Data are available for download in tabular and graphical formats.
Government of Ontario
Ministry of Transportation
NS Climate Change Data (Opens in a new Window)
NS Climate Change Data provides climate data for various regions in Nova Scotia. Each region has historical data for a 30 year baseline period (1961 – 90) and for future projections: 2020s, 2050s, and 2080s. Climate variables include cold days, cooling degree days, temperatures. Climate Change Data can be appended for download into multiple CSV formats.
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P. - W. Chum, “The intramolecular cyclization of organoaluminum compounds ; Reductions using low-valent titanium and zirconium complexes”, Oregon State University, Corvallis, 1978.
H. - K. Chung, “Microcomputer-based fluorometric kinetic determination of ascorbic acid and flow injection analysis methods for interference correction and kinetic determinations based on the peak profile”, Oregon State University, Corvallis, 1989.
P. -luen Chung, “The urea denaturation of bovine serum albumin, polyglycyl bovine serum albumin and poly-L-phenylalanyl bovine serum albuim”, Oregon State University, Corvallis, 1967.
S. E. Church, “Structural effects of intrinsic and extrinsic perturbations to model membranes”, Oregon State University, Corvallis, 1987.
D. F. Church, “A study of the free radical addition of thiophenol to substituted a-methylstyrenes and vinylarenes”, Oregon State University, Corvallis, 1975.
P. L. Churchley, “Preparation and semihydrogenation of some a, {221}-acetylenic ketones”, Oregon State University, Corvallis, 1963.
R. R. Claeys, “Flame ionization detection of hydrocyanic acid ; Analysis of trace aqueous solutions ”, Oregon State University, Corvallis, 1968.
G. E. Clapp, “Reactive intermediates : I. The mechanisms of photodehalogenation of three tetrachloronaphthalenes : II. Structrure and electronic effects in some selected carbenes”, Oregon State University, Corvallis, 1991.
E. J. Clark, “Studies of ammonia gas transport and fluorimetric detection in an aqueous solution”, Oregon State University, Corvallis, 1996.
B. L. Clark, “Electroluminescent and photoluminescent phosphor development and a facile approach to synthesis of refractory silicates at low temperatures”, Oregon State University, Corvallis, 2001.
S. L. Clark, “RNA and DNA aptarmers as affinity stationary phases for liquid chromatography and capillary electrochromatography”, Oregon State University, Corvallis, 2004.
M. F. Cleary, “Part I.: Reactions of 2-isopropoxymethylene-cyclohexanone with organometallic reagents. Part II.: Thermal rearrangements of ethyl 3-(2-vinylcyclohexen-1-y1) propenoate and 1-vinyl-2-propenylindenecyclohexyl methyl ether”, Oregon State University, Corvallis, 1975.
J. R. Clifton, “Reactions of ethylamine and diethylamine with copper (I) and copper (II) chloride”, Oregon State University, Corvallis, 1967.
J. R. Cluff, “Mobile phase mass transfer in chromatographic beds of impermeable spheres”, Oregon State University, Corvallis, 1972.
D. A. Coe, “Infared and raman vibrational sulfinato colbalt (III) complexes by the oxidation of coordinated cysteine”, Oregon State University, Corvallis, 1974.
R. G. Coffey, “Pathways of glucose utilization and ribose synthesis in the chick embryo”, Oregon State University, Corvallis, 1964.
M. C. Coker, “The study of fluo-tantalum species by solvent extraction”, Oregon State University, Corvallis, 1970.
E. H. Coker, “Interactions of sulfate ions in potassium chloride crystals”, Oregon State University, Corvallis, 1963.
D. G. Coles, “Chemical compositional studeis of marginal rift and plateau basalts from Saudi Arabia”, Oregon State University, Corvallis, 1972.
P. R. Collins, “An investigation of the clustering of divalent cations in potassium bromide”, Oregon State University, Corvallis, 1983.
D. R. Conant, “Infrared spectra of solid solutions in alkali halide crystals [and] Method for obtaining minimal kinematically complete sets of internal coordinates”, Oregon State University, Corvallis, 1963.
D. H. Conant, “Application of electron microscopy and X-ray difraction to graphite oxide and its decomposition products”, Oregon State University, Corvallis, 1964.
R. Conard, “A study of the chemical composition of Ca-Al-rich inclusions from the Allende Meteorite”, Oregon State University, Corvallis, 1976.
C. W. Conrad, “The effect of 2-deoxyglucose on hexose metabolism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae”, Oregon State University, Corvallis, 1968.
D. L. Cook, “Synthesis of polybenzimidazoles containing arylene sulfone and ether linkages”, Oregon State University, Corvallis, 1993.
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Environmental Economics (1)
Public Finance (1)
[[missing key: search-facet.tree.open-section]] Education (2)
Ecological Economics (1)
Energy Policy and Regulation (1)
Environmental Governance and Regulation (1)
Environmental Politics and Policy (1)
Political Geography and Geopolitics (1)
European Politics and Policy (2)
Public Administration and Management (4)
Regulation and Governance (1)
Welfare States (1)
The Energy of Russia
Hydrocarbon Culture and Climate Change
Veli-Pekka Tynkkynen
This timely book analyses the status of hydrocarbon energy in Russia as both a saleable commodity and as a source of societal and political power. Through empirical studies in domestic and foreign policy contexts, Veli-Pekka Tykkynen explores the development of a hydrocarbon culture in Russia and the impact this has on its politics, identity and approach to climate change and renewable energy.
Philanthropy in Education
Diverse Perspectives and Global Trends
NORRAG Series on International Education and Development
Edited by Natasha Y. Ridge and Arushi Terway
Challenging commonly held perceptions of philanthropic organisations, this book brings together a range of interdisciplinary contributors from across the globe to explore the most pressing issues facing those working in and with philanthropy and education. It focuses on the increasing influence of new philanthropic actors on the global education sector, offering a thorough insight into the topic.
A Research Agenda for Sustainable Consumption Governance
Elgar Research Agendas
Edited by Oksana Mont
Evaluating achievements, challenges and future avenues for research, this book explores how new dimensions of knowledge and practice contest, reshape and advance traditional understandings of sustainable consumption governance.
Collaboration in Public Service Delivery
Promise and Pitfalls
Edited by Anka Kekez, Michael Howlett and M Ramesh
The growing intensity and complexity of public service has spurred policy reform efforts across the globe, many featuring attempts to promote more collaborative government. Collaboration in Public Service Delivery sheds light on these efforts, analysing and reconceptualising the major types of collaboration in public service delivery through a governance lens.
Public Management as a Design-Oriented Professional Discipline
Michael Barzelay
While public management has become widely spoken of, its identity and character is not well-defined. Such disparity is an underlying problem in developing public management within academia, and in the eyes of practitioners. In this book, Michael Barzelay tackles the challenge of making public management into a true professional discipline. Barzelay argues that public management needs to integrate contrasting conceptions of professional practice. By pressing forward an expansive idea of design in public management, Barzelay formulates a fresh vision of public management in practice and outlines its implications for research, curriculum development and disciplinary identity.
First- and Second-order Mechanisms in Policy Design
Edited by Giliberto Capano, Michael Howlett, M Ramesh and Altaf Virani
Policy design efforts are hampered by inadequate understanding of how policy tools and actions promote effective policies. The objective of this book is to address this gap in understanding by proposing a causal theory of the linkages between policy actions and policy effects. Adopting a mechanistic perspective, the book identifies the causal processes that activate effects and help achieve goals. It thus offers a powerful analytical tool to both scholars and practitioners of public policy seeking to design effective policies.
The State, Business and Education
Public-Private Partnerships Revisited
Edited by Gita Steiner-Khamsi and Alexandra Draxler
The State, Business and Education contributes to the ongoing debates surrounding the effects of public funding of private entities by examining the ways in which they affect the quality and equity of those services, and the realization of human rights. Using case studies from both the developing and developed world this book illustrates the variety of ways in which private actors have expanded their involvement in education as a business.
The Generational Welfare Contract
Justice, Institutions and Outcomes
Simon Birnbaum, Tommy Ferrarini, Kenneth Nelson and Joakim Palme
This groundbreaking book brings together perspectives from political philosophy and comparative social policy to discuss generational justice. Contributing new insights about the preconditions for designing sustainable, inclusive policies for all of society, the authors expose the possibilities of supporting egalitarian principles in an aging society through balanced generational welfare contracts.
The Tools of Policy Formulation
Actors, Capacities, Venues and Effects
New Horizons in Public Policy series
Edited by Andrew J. Jordan and John R. Turnpenny
A PDF version of this book is available for free in open access via the Elgaronline platform - www.elgaronline.com/view/9781783477036.xml Policy analysts are accustomed to thinking in terms of tools and instruments. Yet an authoritative examination of the tools which have been developed to formulate new policies is missing. This book is the first of its kind to distinguish the defining characteristics of the main policy formulation tools, and offer a fresh way of understanding how, why and by whom they are selected, as well as the effects they produce in practice.
Sustainability Science for Strong Sustainability
Tom Dedeurwaerdere
The dynamism of science has been catalytic for human prosperity in recent history. Conventional perspectives of the ivory tower model of modern science are, however, rivalled by the failure of humanity to tackle global crises of an economic, environmental and social nature. Operational solutions to these pressures have grown and exposed pitfalls of modern science to date. Sustainability Science for Strong Sustainability investigates core concepts, tools and institutional strategies of transdisciplinary sustainability science. Prominent research programs within heterodox economics, the environmental sciences and transition theory are explored through diverse case studies, revealing challenges and advancements for transdisciplinary research. In this book, the reform of modern science is facilitated by the consideration of action points to overcome the institutional barriers of putting sustainability science into practice. Researchers, students and policy practitioners will benefit from up to date knowledge on the practice of transdisciplinary research for sustainability.
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AUCM
Russ Augustin
Ancient Greek Coins – The Eagles and Coinage of Akragas
Russell A. Augustin
Greek Coins By Russell A. Augustin, AU Capital Management, LLC ……
As illustrated from The Colosseo Collection ……
Akragas was a wealthy and powerful Greek state on the southern coast of Sicily, second only to Syracuse in importance. The city was famous for its lavish building projects, proudly displaying its wealth in the form of numerous massive temples, many of which still stand today.
The early designs of the greek coins of Akragas remained consistent for nearly a century, depicting Zeus’ standing eagle on the obverse and a crab on the reverse. As their societies matured, the aristocratic rulers of Akragas and its surrounding cities became highly competitive, especially in horse races, but also in the artistic beauty of the coinage they produced, resulting in a flourishing numismatic arms race.
Temple of Concordia
Around 415 BCE, a dramatic shift took place, reinvigorating all denominations of their coinage. The Greek Coins designs became much more intricate, and the new coins have been ranked as some of the most beautiful coinage ever produced, clearly the work of the finest Sicilian artists of the time.
This greek coin is a fractional silver piece in the denomination of an obol, among the smallest of Greek coin types. It is engraved in the finest style and meticulously detailed, showing a scene executed with great force and realism. It represents a triumph in coin design, made even more impressive when considering the small size of the canvas on which the artist was required to work.
It is clear that the same master engraver was involved with the production of the larger denomination coinages of Akragas as well, with this coin sharing many stylistic similarities with the famous Agrigentum dekadrachm and Skylla tetradrachm.
The scene is composed in a very lifelike manner, avoiding the temptation to idealize the animals, showing that the engravers were not only talented artists but also carefully observant of nature.
The obverse shows two eagles preparing to feast upon the hare they have just captured. One eagle is shown with open wings, craning down to tear at its prey while the other raises its head in triumph. This scene alludes to verses from Agamemnon, written by the Greek playwright Aeschylus, the father of the genre of tragedy. The mythological protagonists Agamemnon, king of Mycenae, and Menelaus, king of Sparta, were represented as two eagles feasting on a pregnant hare, an omen foretelling the destruction of the city of Troy.
The reverse likely refers to Akragas’ increasing focus as a naval power. The fresh-water crab is a symbol of the Akragas river and an emblem of the city, with a giant ocean perch (Polyprium cernium) shown below.
It is likely that this obol was a special issue as all known examples come from a single pair of greek coins dies. The beauty and effort put into even this small coin show just how proud the Sicilians were of their coinage and to what extent they would go to find the best artists to engrave them, even when the coin wasn’t intended for mass circulation. It was perhaps a commemorative piece or handout to boast about their artistic prowess and military strength.
Unfortunately, the omen depicted on this greek coin came back to haunt the city. The wealth of Akragas was not enough to protect it from the brutality of the Carthaginians, who sacked the city in 406 BCE, an attack from which they never fully recovered and which put an abrupt end to this beautiful period of coinage.
Obol (Silver, 0.79 g), c. 410-406 BCE. Two eagles standing right on dead hare, the one in front with closed wings and its head thrown back screaming in triumph, the one behind with wings open and head turned down, tearing at its prey with its beak. Rev. Crab with between its claws; below, grouper (Polyprium cernium) swimming to right. Basel 263 = SNG Lockett 519 (same dies). Rizzo pl. III, 6 (same dies). SNG Lloyd 829 (same dies). Very rare. Beautifully toned, a superb coin of the finest style. Extremely fine.
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Michael Marin December 10, 2014 at 3:05 AM
What an enchanting coin. Such detail for a small piece!
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CLASSIFIEDS/REAL ESTATE
Will Butler Jalen Benjamin Tavin Lovan Sports Men's college basketball College basketball Basketball College sports Men's basketball Men's sports
Benjamin leads late push; UAB beats Mount St. Mary’s 58-51
- Nov. 21, 2019 12:28 AM EST
BIRMINGHAM, Ala. (AP) — Jalen Benjamin finished with 14 points that included the last seven points of the game to push UAB past Mount St. Mary’s 58-51 on Wednesday night.
The game was tied 51-51 with 1:45 to play before Benjamin made a 3-pointer and made four free throws to seal it.
Tavin Lovan had 12 points and Will Butler added nine points and nine rebounds for the Blazers (3-1), who outrebounded the Mountaineers 43-29 while grabbing a season-high 18 offensive boards.
Jalen Gibbs scored 15 points to lead Mount St. Mary’s (1-4). Nana Opoku added 13 points and Malik Jefferson had 10 points and 11 rebounds. Damian Chong Qui hit consecutive jumpers that tied the game at 51.
UAB hosts Lamar on Tuesday.
Mount St. Mary’s plays at Kentucky on Friday.
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WCC’s Making Aviation Simple
Using a different strategy for content marketing to set this aviation school apart from the rest.
Client: WCC Aviation
WCC Aviation is one of the leading aviation schools in the country. For decades, local aviation schools like WCC have competed for enrollees through a tuition price war. Sadly, WCC’s budget in print ads has yielded little to no returns in terms of leads and enrollees.
For WCC needed to stand out above the crowd.
Given that young Filipinos are hooked on social media and given its wide reach, WCC Aviation shifted into digital marketing.
But WCC also needed to break away from the competition and become the top-of-mind for anyone planning to embark on a career in the aviation industry.
Together with WCC, Comm&Sense created and released bite-sized content online to reach their desired audience.
The WCC page provided the audience with engaging stories and information about the aviation industry instead of simply focusing on the school’s programs.
The website was also re-engineered to be able to contain articles, infographics, and quizzes that were informative and interesting.
WCC became a hub for relevant content on the aviation industry. Its page got a 300% increase in website traffic, with users browsing six to eight pages of content. Its Facebook platform remains the aviation school page with the most number of engagements (almost 70,000 engagements monthly). With the use of digital marketing, we were able to get as many as 250 – 300 signees per event, thus generating a 500% increase in leads.
Want to make sense of your PR game?
Be part of our successful and growing team!
Are you a passionate strategist, data-cruncher, editor or designer?
We would like to meet you. Write us and tell us how you are and what you do. We are a dynamic and driven agency where you can grow professionally and find a pleasant and respectful work environment. Come join us?
GET TO KNOW OUR TEAM
Share your stories, make your brand stand out, and learn more about how we can help you.
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For immediate concerns, feel free to call us at (02) 8833-4064
© 2005 - 2020 Comm & Sense Inc | All Rights Reserved
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Announcing the Next-Gen Honeywell Dolphin CT60 Handheld Computer
This week we were excited to see the announcement of the Honeywell Dolphin CT60 Mobile Handheld Computer — the first launch on its next-gen Mobility Edge platform. There are 2 areas of interest to unpack in this announcement. First, the CT60 is an advance on the current CT50. It is a powerful highly portable handled computer with a screen-only (no keyboard) interface with integrated 2D barcode scanner. It features a rugged 4.7″ Corning® Gorilla® Glass touchscreen and IP67 rating which will stand up to the demands of industrial and delivery applications. If you are exploring handhelds for a mobile workforce, it will certainly make sense to take a look at the CT60 and put it through its faces in your application.
The second and more interesting aspect of Honeywell’s announcement is the new Mobility Edge platform. The CT60 is powered by a new chip designed by Honeywell to serve as a common element in an entire new line of mobile computing products. Mobility Edge marks Honeywell’s full adoption of the Android OS, which has rapidly been overtaking Windows in the world of professional devices. The market share data on Google’s Android vs. Windows in the professional/industrial environment is compelling, so if you’ve been dragging your feet on making the switch, it’s time to take another look at the benefits of Android.
This chip will support four generations of Android — N through Q — which means that you can safely lock in your devices and any applications developed for years of use. The chip features a Qualcomm® Snapdragon™ 660 processor and the latest 4G LTE /NFC connectivity. The battery will enable full day usage. We expect to have much more to say about the Mobility Edge platform in coming months as Honeywell builds out the line.
CSSI is a platinum Honeywell partner and stands by to provide expert guidance as you navigate your options for mobile computing in your business. Contact CSSI to arrange a demo of the Honeywell Dolphin CT60.
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Ryan Hemsworth and Lucas – Taking Flight EP
by Derek Staples
on October 07, 2015, 12:00am
How many hours did you spend in front of the computer last week? To many, this near-constant relationship is viewed as a distraction to real-world engagements, and thus a hurdle toward emotional and interpersonal growth. That notion couldn’t be more false for Ryan Hemsworth and millions of digital natives equally shielded by distance, introversion, or socioeconomic status from the world’s biggest IRL culture hubs.
Before relocating to Toronto, Hemsworth spent his adolescence in Halifax plundering the web for anything that would capture his insatiable ear. Even as the airline miles and official remixes for the likes of Kanye West, Grimes, and Frank Ocean racked up, the search never slowed. Eventually, it led to the creation of the Soundcloud-based Secret Songs imprint. A home for friends and fellow emotive beatsmiths, Secret Songs serves as an incubator for talent outside the indie status quo, born from the vivid imaginations of under-funded and lesser-known producers. Seattle’s Lucas (born Matt Lucas) was one such recruit. Thanks in part to a mutual appreciation for late ’90s pop punk, Hemsworth and Lucas kept at their intrepid file-sharing long enough to complete the six-track EP Taking Flight.
A respected selector, Hemsworth understands how to control a room whether revelers arrive anticipating a raucous underground hip-hop set or a moodier arrangement of ambient-leaning collaborations. Often, both of those aesthetics find a moment to peak during Secret Song selections. The pace within Taking Flight, however, is less frenzied. Lucas’ impact is noticeable from the first few moments of EP opener “Angel”. His guitar melodies are subtle, but the recurring riffs emphasize the human frailty that has always existed in Hemsworth’s digital palette.
(Event: Come see Ryan Hemsworth at Chicago’s Lincoln Hall!)
This fluid guitar/distorted vocal interplay gets time to develop across the EP’s opening two tracks. It’s not until the mid-point of “From Grace” that the harmonies are chopped-and-screwed into an East Coast club banger. That pulse never dominates the EP, or even the track, as Hemsworth and Lucas quickly calm that anxious energy with a collection of rustic found sounds.
The work of wallflowers, Hemsworth and Lucas’ collaborative production requires your intrigued patience. Like a soft-spoken acquaintance, Taking Flight invites you to lean in to capture its eloquence. The more you go back to it, the deeper the rattle of “White Light” and avian squawks of “Cherished” punctuate the dialogue. These tracks won’t steal your attention away from your daily obligations; they must be welcomed into the chaos. You’ve got to let go of tangible atmospherics and underlying stresses to accept the full impact of Taking Flight.
Hemsworth and Lucas oppose dated ideas behind electronic music, and they haven’t just turned to file-sharing and sampling as a way to avoid the struggles of collaborative song-wiring. Their process is an evolution of the punk aesthetic that brought them together. Pop punk took over a generation because it was a sound of the people and didn’t take a large financial investment to make. That same ethos holds true in the “EDM” age. Not only does Secret Songs cut through the flood of rushed Soundcloud releases and give Hemsworth a direct connection to fans and other artists, it’s a platform for all the loner producers would who rather be chilling on the couch with their pet dog than hustling the club circuit. The first extended effort released on the Secret Songs imprint, Taking Flight reinforces the sounds and production approaches of a new generation that is largely clueless to the broken models dictated by the ailing majors — and that is a promising endeavor.
Essential Tracks: “Angel”, “U Remain”
Film Review: Knock Knock
Album Review: Alex G – Beach Music
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Here's why this payments technology company is collaborating AI with Analytics23 hrs ago
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Technologies that will be big in 2015
Technology has the ability to transform the way businesses work, but any new tech trend comes with its own complexity and set of challenges. As we head into 2015, ETCIO.com asked IT leaders to predict the biggest technology trends and strategies that will make an impact on organizations in 2015.
Updated: January 08, 2015, 13:09 IST
By Salvi Mittal
Technology has the ability to transform the way businesses works, but any new techology trend comes with its own set of challenges. As we head into 2015, ETCIO.com asked IT leaders to predict the biggest technology trends and strategies that will make an impact on organizations in 2015.
Internet of Things will play a significant role in simplifying and improving many functions and businesses. IoT will be the key technology behind Smart Everything.
Through software defined everything, computing infrastructures are virtualized and delivered as a service where networking, storage or data center services are automated by programmable software instead of hardware, resulting in a more dynamic and cost effective solution.
For companies that want to improve their ability to sense and respond; cognitive analytics offers a powerful way to bridge the gap between the promise of big data and the reality of practical decision making. Cognitive Computing will make many of the science fiction scenarios real.
Babuji Abraham, Senior VP & CTO, ITC Infotech
In 2015, context driven usage of Wearables as an intelligent assistant which supplements the user’s physical and cognitive abilities will be on the rise.
Enhancing information security will be important considering the enhanced use of mobility & cloud based apps. Also, connecting devices and controls systems at shopfloor to IT systems for cutting versioning of data, getting near real time visibility of mission critical, situational data and ensuring timeliness of relevant business transactions updates – secure convergence of OT (Operations Technology) & IT will be critical.
Atul Govil, Head (SAP & IT), India Glycols
"It is not the strongest of the technology that survives, nor the most intelligent technology that survives. It is the one that is the most adaptable people, process and technology to the change – that survives."
Secured Internet & mobility of things to compute any where any time any device and control through Software applications & virtual Infrastructure & Networks will be the next big things
Suresh A Shan, Head - MMFSL BITS, Mahindra finance
The real-time targeting technology is endless and gaining fast especially in retail space. In 2015, we may soon see explosion in adoptions as the technology is moving into mainstream with supported apps.
Smart watches are knocking at the door from monitoring to smart pervasive computing as wearables, phone and apps ecosystem merge. Percolation of wearables is radically going to impact our lifestyle in 2015.
3D printing is the next technology disruption in manufacturing since the industrial revolution. Indoor location technology and services is rapidly gaining traction. This will have profound impact on Manufacturing and Supply chain.
Avinash Velhal, Group CIO, Atos India
In 2013-14, increase in recorded security incidents outpaced smartphone users growth which is a leading indicator of where investment will flow in 2015 – Security.
Industrialized use of big data and cloud as a service are the other key technologies that will become more main stream in 2015. It will also drive increased security spends. Cloud security is a no-brainer. More interestingly, amongst the Big Data tools used, nearly 20% do not encrypt their DBs and a quarter of them do no security assessments - therefore the need for more security.
Samiran Ghosh, Asia Technology Leader, Dun & Bradstreet
I expect to see "Internet of Things" getting a big push in 2015, wearables will proliferate, driverless cars, drones; will be used more and more, various intelligent devices will be used by consumers / households, enterprises and also in healthcare. There is a lot of focussed research happening in these areas.
More and more companies will increasingly use big data and analytics to gauge customer behavior and refine their strategy and offerings. Enterprises are collecting huge quantities of data from various sources and they have realized its potential, I think they will leverage this for competitive advantage.
Many enterprises will move further towards cloud computing and data centers will start vanishing. Its only natural that enterprises will leverage multiple benefits of cloud. However, security and regulatory challenges will remain a big concern.
Parag Deodhar, Chief Risk Officer, CISO, Senior VP - Process Excellence & Program Management, Bharti AXA General Insurance Company
Use of technologies like Hadoop clusters will make analytics much faster and will be instrumental in leading to a new level of personalization for businesses.
Shopping online has really caught on, which brings us to the next step – how to make it faster and with fewer steps. Paying through your smartphone in place of credit cards – are gaining popularity. While such options make it easier and quicker to transact, there are several privacy and security concerns. Technologies that will make faster to make payments and through secure channels will be big in 2015.
Loyalty programs in 2015 need to be such that they retain the interests of users, especially for mobile devices. Consumers are gravitating towards an integrated shopping and redemption experience across mobile, website and social media platforms. Clubbing the programs with the first one (smart analytics) will make rewards more quantitative and worthwhile for consumers.
Ashish Bhatnagar - CTO & Co-Founder, Mydala.com
Secured Internet
Lookingahead
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Civil procedure multiple choice questions
Racism: Are We Better Off Colour Blind? :: essays papers
Racism Are We Better Off Colour stratagem?My background is Italian, so that makes me Italian-Canadian. The onlytime I have personally experienced racism was when I was cal lead awop. This is how it felt hurtful, degrading, humiliating. This iswhat it made me feel alike(p) as a person worthless, inferior, powerless.Is this what goes on in the world? Is it truly fair? That is what myexperience made me wonder.People who taunt others, in my opinion, are real insecure aboutthemselves. It might be because they are uncomfortable with who theyare as a person, or how they look, but whatever the reason is, theyonly dictate down others to build themselves up. These kind of people areoften very brave in front of others, but lose much of their power whenon their own. This goes to show, racism isnt just caused by just oneperson, but many people who have had ideas put into their heads. Theseleaders would be powerless without their followers. A far-famed exampleof this is Adolf Hitler .Hitler was a German dictator and soldier who vocalized his extremeracist veiws to the Mien Kampf. He was appointed chancellor in 1933,and clearly expressed his opinions, which led to the policy of theextermination of Jews. He was a great leader, and once even recieved abravery award in WWI.Hitler started a Great massacre, known as The final solution, in particular,the complete extermination of European Jews and others by the Nazis inGermany (1933-45). Jews, as well as others considered raciallyinferior by the Nazis, were killed in concentration camps. submergence camps were detention centres for people consideredracially or socially undesirable and political opponants.What went onin these camps was truely horrible gruesome medical experiments,slave labour, discusting and brutal distorted shape methods. Total Jewishdeaths estimated at more than 6 million.It is disturbing to even think that an evil character such(prenominal) as Hitlerwas admired and respected by so many people, when his veiws were soobviously distorted and cruel. What could drive someone to dosomething as terrible as that is beyond me. But, sadly, even thoughHolocaust is over, many people still believe Jews are dirty and dontdeserve to live. And the discrimanation doesnt end with Jewishpeople, people also discriminate against African Americans, Asians,Caucasions, Hispanics, and Oriental people.Organizations such as the KKK or the Black Panthers are strictly blackagainst white. They kill each other and promote extreme hate towards
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Religious and Spiritual Practices of Enslaved African Americans Essay
The Community of Enslaved Africans and their Religious & Spiritual Practices.During a most temperamental and dismal judgment of conviction in our nations history, we find that the Africans who endured horrible circumstances during slavery, found ways of peace and hope in their religious beliefs. During slavery, Africans where able to survive unendurable conditions by focusing on their spirituality.Christianity was amongst the slave community. Being that the vast majority of the slave community was born in America, converting slaves to Christianity was non a struggle. All slaves were not Christian, and slaves that had accepted Christianity were not official members of the church. Over time Slaves made Christianity their avow. There would be occurrences where church gatherings would hold both white and black members. Slave faith was both institutional and non institutional. The slave gatherings would be both formally organized and spontaneously adapted. These gatherings would usua lly take place at night in the woods. Slaves enjoyed their own meetings better because they could sing and pray as they wanted. In some cases slave masters would not allow attendance of church gatherings and prayer meetings, some slaves would happen flogging to attend these meetings. Christianity was transformed into by the slave community to its own particular experience. Teachings by white masters were usually geared towards reminding slaves that on replete(p) behavior to their white masters, they would be accepted into heaven and even then , they would be limited to a lesser heaven than there owners. Jesus was not talked about, teachings consisted only of the laws to not lie or steal from their masters. Slaves would soon start to hold their own gatherings to just sing and pray a... .... So ultimately, owners failed at this.Moreover, numerous owners later came to feel that Christianity may actually have encouraged rebellion (all those stories of Moses and the Israelites in Eg ypt, after all, talked about the liberation of the slaves), and so they began to discourage Christian missionaries from talk to the slaves. African Americans have taken their own spiritual, religious journey. God was looked upon as a source of peace and encouragement. The community of enslave Africans were able to use trust and spirituality as a way of overcoming the mental anguish of slavery on a daily basis. To a slave, religion was the most important eyeshot of their life. Nothing could come between their relationship with god. It was their rock, the only reason why they could wake up in the morning, the only way that they endured this most turbulent time in our history.
Essay on Discrimination Against Women as Addressed in Cantors Dilemma
Discrimination Against Women as Addressed in Cantors Dilemma In his novel, Cantors Dilemma, Dr. Djerassi uses female characters to address sexual activityist issues arising from women integrating into the predominantly male acquisition field. The characters, Celestine hurt and Professor Arderly, are used to show examples of how women confirm little voice in the celestial sphere of science. The female characters suggest how women are often looked upon as sex objects rather than co-workers and they are given little opportunity to balance a scientific career with raising a family. By weaving these issues into his novel, Dr. Djerassi illustrates the following etymon Discrimination against women in the study of science is harmful to the progression of scientific exploration. If women are excluded from science, then an artificial limit is put on human resources. (The field of science will not utilize the potential female minds available.) The first issue that Dr. Djerassi casuall y mentions is that women are not adequately represented in the field of science. The character, Celestine Price strongly desires a career in chemistry. She faces the challenge of how to plot her map of success while taking into consideration the male dominated world of science. Her gray-headed high school chemistry teacher advises Celestine that if she ever wants to get an academic position at a top university, she has got to get plugged into the old boys network. He says to her, Make no mistake about it. Chemistry is still a mans world.1 Dr. Djerassi paints the picture of a boys clubhouse with a sign at the door reading, No girls allowed In this context, it is inferred that a woman has to prove her worth before the society of men will give her the privilege of working wit... ...roblems of integration. If the science world takes advantage of undiscovered female talent, science as a whole will benefit greatly. For example, the original group of ENIAC programmers consisted of 6 wome n. In 1946, these women helped to fetch the first operating stored-program computer.6 If female talent such as this goes to waste because of social neglect, the science world will never know what possible discoveries that could have been made with the help of women. If Dr. Djerassi is accurate with his examples of discrimination, the science world should take note of these problems and attempt to solve them. 1. Carl Djerassi, Cantors Dilemma (New York, New York. Penguin Books, 1989), 19. 2. ibidem 45. 3. Ibid. 45. 4. Ibid. 45. 5. Ibid. 20-21. 6. web site women in science/ women in computer science/ women involved in ENIAC program.
My Personal Journey Essay -- Personal Narrative Writing
Journeys are moments in life that define and reconstruct the myths we ca-ca about ourselves and others. All too often the ideals of a biased community or select group are viewed as the model by which each(prenominal) individuals must follow. To escape the pressures of a collective standard a person must travel outside the constraints of a community and discover his or her give birth true identity. On such a journey one can expect moments of planned reflection or unexpected instances of revelation. A journey is all minute of my existence, as I travel through life and try to ascertain my own presence in its cycle. An essential journey occurred three geezerhood ago when I set out on a personal pilgrimage. I wanted to re-travel the time line of the past few years and make up the point where I had allowed the influence of others to determine my own c oncept of self. Self is non necessarily complex or intricate, but it does define the character of a person and how he or she wants to be viewed. In my own rush to fit in at college I had disregarded what I needed and complacently accepted the definitions of others. I expended my energy trying to model myself according to the contemplation of my peers, all the while ignoring principles which I felt were inherent to my survival. Once the missing skin perceptiveness of singularity is discovered, an individual must set out upon a journey and reconstruct the notions of self and identity. Understanding my own needs, I decided to embark on a solo expedition into the woods of Maine. The solo was an opportunity to disassociate myself from everything that I considered comfortable and safe. For two nights the only person I encountered was myself. After several(prenominal) days of paddling, my guide and I neared the island where... ...d in an unknown surrounding and somehow I had become part of it. I welcomed the crash of an animal over my dwell or the presence of the sand fleas. I journeyed into their environment a forei gner, and even in my most vulnerable stages of sleep, I had become an accepted presence. While on my solo I wrote a letter to myself. In the letter I revealed what I had learned and what it meant to realize my own strength and will in those few days of solitude. I gave the letter to my guide and asked him to send it to me in a year. I remember the day the letter came. At first I did not recognize the faded words on the envelope, but as soon as I glanced at the return address I knew that they were my own. I once again sought solitude. In a small corner of my familys flower garden I opened the letter and began telling. The first words I read were remember the Medicine Wheel.
Fantasys Integral Role In The Creation Of A Killer :: essays research papers fc
Fantasys Integral Role In The Creation Of A Killer  Through out history seldom has an individual been able to hold a cityin fear. Most times people will just either ignore the individual, let the law of nature handle the situation, or call them wacko or crazy. But then there arethe extreme cases. On this end of the scale people whitethorn have extreme mentalproblems or very strong motives, so extreme or so strong that they captivate an accurate city or even nation. Jack the Ripper did it by killing and murderingfive prostitutes. In recent times it has been people like Charles Manson andthe Boston Strangler, who assaulted and murdered thirteen women keeping theentire city captivated in a claim of fear. Serial Killers... Fantasy plays avery important role in creating and or modeling a serial grampus and it is shownthrough remorse, uniform and weather or not they have or follow a trademarkedstyle. All of these elements combined spoil the fantasy portrayed by a serialkiller.  Pain, does a serial killer have or feel pain for their victims?Sometimes the killer may depending on the psychological state they are in. Butthen regarding the fact most serial killers grow up in violent households onepower say that the killer does not or even cant feel remorse because violenceis what they were brought up in and to believe is true so it is what they havebeen teach to believe. Or you could take the approach that the killerfeels they are being threatened by their victims so they had to be removed fromthe picture altogether. Or finally it competency be the killer is so mentallyunstable that they have very little to no consciences awareness of what they aredoing. But what if they do feel affliction? Can a serial killer feel sorrow? Oneresearcher says no. "The inner workings of the mind of a serial killer cannotgrasp the feeling of any kind of sorrow or remorse". Therefore a serial killeris hate manifested into a physica l state and may or may not have motives tokill.  Serial killers may be killing For many reasons weather it be forrevenge or whatsoever but one thing remains as a standard among killers you haveto be smart to stay alive. Once you have that intellect comes dodging fromthe law and your capture. One of the best cases of a extremely intelligentkiller was the case of the Zodiac Killer in California. His uniform was to killcouples parked in cars, by shooting through the window with a .
Fantasys Integral Role In The Creation Of A grampus whale  Through out history seldom has an individual been able to hold a cityin fear. Most times people will scarce either ignore the individual, let thepolice handle the situation, or call them wacko or crazy. But then there atomic number 18the extreme cases. On this end of the scale people may have extreme mentalproblems or very safe motives, so extreme or so strong that they captivate anentire city or even nation. Jack the Ripper did it by killing and murderingfive prostitutes. In recent times it has been people like Charles Manson andthe capital of Massachusetts Strangler, who assaulted and murdered thirteen women keeping theentire city captivated in a state of fear. Serial Killers... Fantasy plays avery important share in creating and or modeling a serial killer and it is shownthrough remorse, alike and last or not they have or follow a trademarkedstyle. All of these elements combined expose the f antasy portrayed by a serialkiller.  Pain, does a serial killer have or smelling pain for their victims?Sometimes the killer may depending on the psychological state they are in. Butthen regarding the fact most serial killers grow up in violent households onemight say that the killer does not or even cant feel remorse because violenceis what they were brought up in and to imagine is true so it is what they havebeen conditioned to believe. Or you could take the approach that the killerfeels they are being threatened by their victims so they had to be upstage fromthe picture altogether. Or finally it might be the killer is so mentallyunstable that they have very little to no consciences awareness of what they aredoing. But what if they do feel sorrow? Can a serial killer feel sorrow? Oneresearcher says no. "The inner whole shebang of the mind of a serial killer cannotgrasp the feeling of any kind of sorrow or remorse". Therefore a serial killeris hate manifested into a physical state and may or may not have motives tokill.  Serial killers may be killing For many reasons weather it be forrevenge or whatever but one thing remains as a standard among killers you haveto be smart to die hard alive. Once you have that intellect comes avoidance fromthe law and your capture. One of the best cases of a extremely intelligentkiller was the case of the Zodiac Killer in California. His uniform was to killcouples parked in cars, by shooting through the window with a .
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Reflective Journal Teaching Essay
At the end of an Early Years session, we expect the children to be sit down on the carpet for their parents to collect them. One of the children was finding it very difficult to co-operate, and continued to move around the classroom, walking and running, picking up toys and making noise. I asked the child to sit down but receive no response. I then asked again for her to sit down and began to move towards her in a manner that indicated I was likely to sit her down myself.At that point the child giggled and ran away from me quickly, shouting loudly and refusing to come to the carpet area I felt it was very important the child sat down, with no toys in her hand, and I was concerned other children would copy her behaviour. I felt embarrassed to be on a lower floor the childs control The child seemed to be enjoying this and I did not feel confident at all and immediately regretted trying to move towards her. til now I had done so because I felt I imperative all the children were read y quickly as we were running a little novel for the end of the session, and the class teacher had already gone to open the door to let the parents in . I believe I should have acted in a more adaptable manner. I could have considered an alternative way to encourage her to sit where she should be. In Deweys publication How We Think (1910) Dewey draws the readers attention to routine do and reflective action, where routine action is largely pre set guidelines, not giving consideration to somebody circumstances.Reflective action is considering the individual situation and adjusting as obligatory (1910). I should have reflected on the situation as it were happening. The child could have been quickly pacified with a small activity- perhaps helping me to tidy the books away whilst this is not common manage, it would have still achieved her quietly remaining on the carpet until her parent arrived. I needed to adjust the pre-set guidelines to the individual situation.Dewey also believe d we should draw on past experiences whenever possible (1910) and I will consider this in the case of this child. A small adaptation of the rules to meet her needs would be in everybodys best interests. Allowing the child to have an item or engage in a quiet activity at certain times could encourage a more positive response from her while she settles into the school environment. I will continue to keep a reflective journal so I am encouraged to think more independently and learn to become adaptable.I feel reflecting on experiences and learning from what happens and seeing the outcome when I put ideas into practice will help me to grow in confidence and become more effective Practitioner. It will prevent me from being becoming unable to develop individual responses to unique situations. It is imperative that we learn to reflect on our actions. If we dont, we will simply be Turned into low level operativeswhile remaining projection screen to large issues of the underlying purposes and results of schooling (Griffiths and Tann, Ripples in Reflection 1991100).
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Responsibilities and boundaries would as a teacher Essay
For obvious reasons, H&S Toolbox talks have to address current legislation and topics covered in pertinent Approved Codes of Practice. Also, due to the practicalities of taking employees away from their normal activities, creases have to be relevant, concise and deliver results. It follows on that pointfore that planning and delivery in my profession is tell to successful training.PlanningRoles & ResponsibilitiesIn order to achieve a professional delivery, I willing discuss in advance with each learner their very(prenominal) needs from the course. Some learners will be young and apprehensive, while others whitethorn be more mature and overconfident. The course content must(prenominal) cater for this diversity. The course needs to address business interests whilst covering topical subjects within each field of learning. A robust lesson Plan, with special emphasis on practical skills will therefore be fundamental. Each training posing is divided into sections which discuss what is currently happening in industry (accident statistics), what legislation is currently in postal service to prevent these accidents, and what the learner must do to adhere to best practice.BoundariesProbably the greatest amount of effort is put into making sure a multitude of learners ar available at a precise time on a precise day. Business needs change daily and I must always have a contingency. (Fewer learners, different venue, different day ..) A range of material is prepared in advance (hand-outs, PowerPoint presentations and quizzes) to help get the nub across. Some courses require the use of the workshop and it is essential to ensure that the training needs fecal matter be accommodated in parallel with normal work activities. pitchRoles & ResponsibilitiesCourses must be interesting enough to stimulate interaction. A variety of training aids will be used to achieve this. Courses will be changed every 24 months to ensures learners do not have to endure the same dialogue, etc.Delivery will be focused and effective. Interaction is a predominate feature of my courses and helps to stimulate stem learning Hand-outs that require learners to fill in missing words or spot hazards are fundamental to most of my courses. These can be shame individually or in groups to begin with.BoundariesAttitude is rarely a problem in my current role. Often, younger learners do not have the necessary skills or experience to be blas in front of others, and older learners are quite happy to share their experiences from the real world. Money and resources for materials are accounted for in my annual budget. Actual costs (learners time away from work) is always agreed by the line managers. Current guidelines on training frequency construct added support to my causeAssessRoles & ResponsibilitiesMost of my courses use a multi-choice questionnaire for instant results. This omits the writing/spelling concerns that may blight an otherwise competent person you dont need to be ac ademically astute to be able to do the job safely. Some courses require more interaction than others. It is weighty therefore to keep precise notes on a learners contribution and ultimately, on their ability to comprehend the subject being taught.BoundariesMarking multi-choice questionnaires is straight-forward and fair. If marked within the group environment, it gives a further chance to discuss wrong answers Notes taken in the taught session can be used to consolidate marking criteria. On occasions, learners may pass a formal course test, but the teachers may have concerns about actual ability. This information may be used to develop excess training needs.EvaluateRoles & ResponsibilitiesFeed-back forms are considered invaluable in my company although they are not considered mandatory. Always allow time at the end of a session for them to be filled in. Oral feed-back from my groups is always useful. It is important not to put anyone under the spot light. Solicitous questioning oft en pays dividends. Sometimes doing a backstairs audit (to see if learners aredoing what they have been taught) is a practiced way to see if the course lesson has been absorbed. BoundariesIt is important to recognise that no matter how good the training material is, there may be a need to modify it to cater for different abilities. Each time the training material is modified, there is a supposition that it will appeal to, and cater for, a more focused audience.
An Essay on “The Micromanagerâ€Â
The case study entitled The Micromanager was written by Bronwyn Fryer, Jim Goodnight, Mark Goulston, Craig Chappelow and Michael Lawrie for the Harvard Business Review journal last September 2004.The fictional story was about a CEO of Retronics Corporation, George Latour. George believes that he is an exceptional leader and has a command to increase the companys benefit with a goal of excellence towards the softw atomic number 18-engineering firm. Instructed by the board chairman, George hired a new marketing director, Shelley Stern, who, according to the chairman, only postulate a bit of information in the softw atomic number 18-engineering business. He does his trump out to bring Shelly up to date.George has her sit in on proveer meetings, forced her to do client calls, and even has the finance office beg off the companys financial affairs on her. George has tendencies to be meticulous, interfering with Shellys work, suppressing her creativity and suggesting his own better i deas. George also gives blind comments like when he said Thanks, Shel. Youre the best although Shelly felt down that time when George repelled her creativity. Doing all this made Shelley unhappy and never seems to show interest. In truth, she sees Georges management manner as oppressive, making her awfully depressed. In the end, Shelly rebelled and acc use upd George as a micromanager, while leaving George taken aback and could never believe what he heard.Both sidetrackies, George and Shelly, have some problems in terms of flavour and character. As CEO of the company, George carries a lot of pressure on his shoulders that is why he tries his best to excel the demands of the firm since the company is not in a genuine shape. He overexerts himself by interfering with the work of his subordinates. Clearly, he lacks some sensitivity and trust to his underlings and makes the work done by doing it himself. George is uncomfort up to(p) with his job and thinks that the institutionalize could only point at him thats why he is afraid to accept radical ideas from his underlings.Shelly, on the other hand, is quite new to the business. Although she has the qualifications for the job, she still inescapably a lot to learn and needs to adjust spontaneously according to the demands of the firm and her boss. Shelly believes that she has safe qualities and gives overconfidence on her work. She also thinks that her ideas be excellent and needs to be praised not criticized, as done casually by George. As a newly hired employee, she is pressured to show her good qualities to her co-workers and leave a good impression as a marketing director. Shelly trusts herself and believes that she can stand on her own without the help or intervention of her superiors.According to the U.S. Army Handbook of 1973, there are three general types of leadership. They are (1) Authoritarian or tyrannical style (2) Participative or democratic style, and (3) Delegative or free reign style. Authori tarian or autocratic style is basically used when the boss tells his subordinates what he wants done and how he wants the job done without getting the advice or opinion of his subordinates. An appropriate condition to use this style is when all the information to solve the problem is provided, there is time pressure, and the subordinates are well motivated to accept hasty commands.Some narrow minded great deal think of this style as an excuse for yelling, using humiliating language, leading to threats and abuse of power. This is not the authoritarian style but sooner an abusive, unethical style called bossing people around. Authoritarian style is normally used on rare situations when necessary. Participative or democratic style of leadership is preferred if time is much operational and the leader wants to gain more commitment and motivation from the subordinates. This style includes the employees in on the decision making processes. However, knowledgeable and skillful employees s hould take part in the process and the leader affirms the final decision as a sign of authority.Using this style does not show weakness of the leader but rather a sign of strength and trust that the employees will respect. In delegative or free reign style, the boss allows the employees to make their own decision. This style is used when employees are able fully capable of analyzing the situation and can determine what needs to be done to solve a certain problem. Although the employees had the power to make decisions, the certificate of indebtedness and final decision always lie on the leader himself.For a good leader to become more effective he should be able to use all three styles depending on the situation and the forces involved between him and his subordinates. The leader should know when and how to adjust to meet the demands of the firm as well as to maintain a good image to his employees. As for George Latour, he should improve on becoming a leader by listening more to deve lop more productive ideas and to have a mutual relationship to his followers. He should not concentrate himself on how his employee sees him but focus on maximizing the available resources to have better and productive planning.The bountifulgest problem for Shelly and George would be the lack of efficient communication. Most of the problems and conflicts that occur in a firm or organization are the direct result failure to communicate and misunderstanding. Faulty communication leads to confusion and can cause good plans to be unsuccessful. Communication is said to be the interchange of information or ideas from a sender to a receiver. (Communication and Leadership) Efficient communication happens if the receiver comprehends the information that the sender wanted to address. Open mindedness also plays a big part in communication. It sharpens the ability of the receiver to understand what the sender is saying thus making the communication process more efficient.Good communication is also serious to attain especially when there are some barriers that prevent the sender and receiver to understand each other. Some of these said barriers of communication are culture, beliefs, noise, personal and mental stresses, past experiences, and environmental factors such as bright lights, unnatural sights, unattractive person or any stimuli that can cause distraction. (Communication and Leadership)For a good communication process to happen, both parties should overcome these barriers to have a more productive relationship with each other. In the case of George and Shelly, they must relieve themselves of the stresses that they communicate so that they can communicate effectively. Shelly should exert herself on listening to suggestions and combining it with her creative ideas while George must also try to become more raw(a) and to give more trust to his employees.ReferencesBronwyn Fryer, J. G. (Sep 2004). The Micromanager. Harvard Business Review 8p, 2c, 4bw , p31-40, 8p, 2 c, 4bw.Communication and Leadership. (n.d.). Retrieved August 27, 2007, from The Skagit Watershed Council Website http//www.skagitwatershed.org/donclark/leader/leadcom.htmlLeadership Styles. (n.d.). Retrieved August 27, 2007, from The Skagit Watershed Council Website http//www.skagitwatershed.org/donclark/leader/leadstl.htmlUnited States Army Handbook. (1973).
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In William Gildings churchman of the Flies and Corm McCarthy solely the Pretty Horses, the harassers take over experiences with death and are victims of mature circumstance which lead them to ultimate moral reconciliation. death is not a topic to be taken lightly, which the characters of Lord of the Flies by William Gilding discover, Stranded, adult-less, on a deserted Island, the boys In the novel have a growing subconscious fear of a beast on the Island.When one character, Simon, discovers that the beast is no tailorg but the darkness within each of them, he races to tell the group and is unfortunately mistaken for the beast. The boys lump upon Simon, beating him with sticks and ultimately forcing him off a cliff his death. The boys discover they have the power to kill upon Simonys death, cause them to reassess their strengths and abilities as a group of savages. Similarly, All the Pretty Horses by Corm McCarthy touches upon death and the forced self- assessment It provokes In a character.Protagonist John Grady Cole pop offs In a physical fight while spending time at a penitentiary In Mexico. In an effort to save himself, Cole stabs his offender in the heart and, the chiselers knife clattered on the floor. From the red boutonnire blossoming on the left pocket of his the cochlear blue ark shirt there spurted a thin fan of bright arterial blood. He dropped to his knees and pitched forward dead into the arms of his enemy (McCarthy 201). Cole, only sixteen years old, is forced to reassess his strength and demand abilities in order to survive this fight.His exposure to death, much like that of the characters of Lord of the Flies, signifies a new stage in life, a new outlook, and a recapitulation of how things are handled and how one reacts to certain things. Both Gilding and McCarthy utilize death as a tool to force characters to reassess their motives, strengths, and moieties even sanity. Gildings Lord of the Flies also stresses the abandonment of Innocen ce through experience. By the novels close, protagonist Ralph has seen two friends die, the rest descend into savagery, and himself capable of going insane, experiencing pain, and inflicting pain unto others.When the boys are in conclusion rescued by chance from the Island, Ralph wept for the end of Innocence, the darkness of mans heart, and the fall through the air of a true, wise friend called Plugs (Gilding 202). Rallys, and the other characters, exposure to savagery and constituent with innocence give not only homeless but the reader a sense of moral reconciliation. Ralph realizes that things and weeps for his inability to be blind to his surroundings and his inability to control them. He learns that although one can try to make the best of a situation and make every effort to maintain control and order, things do not always go as planned.Likewise, McCarthy All the Pretty Horses teaches its protagonist, John Grady Cole, the same lesson. Cole Journeys to Mexico in search of th e glorified cowboy life some(prenominal) tried to get a hold of at the time, and returns home having lost a close friend, killed another human being, and heartbroken at being uneffective to be with the girl he loved. Upon his return, Cole does not have the innocence he set out with because his experiences and the circumstances under which they occurred have opened his eyes.He is do to reconsider what he values, and settles with himself what his morals are, and what he believes in and stands for. All the Pretty Horses and Lord of the Flies force their characters and readers to learn a lesson, to reconcile their morals and values, and get a taste of extreme experience and circumstance. Experiencing the death of a friend and being forced to act maturely due to resistance led characters in William Gildings Lord of the Flies and Corm McCarthy All the Pretty Horses to self reassessment and moral understanding.While often times coming to this point includes a happy close, the novels dis play a different angle, a lesson learned without the fairytale ending the reader is so much hoping for. Moral reconciliation and the ability to assess oneself comes with maturity, and the authors of Lord of the Flies and All the Pretty Horses prove that sometimes obtaining this maturity comes at a heavy and painful cost in parting with ones innocence.
Global Money Transfer (Remittances) Market Report Essay
For more than details on the content of report and ordering information please visithttp//www.aarkstore.com/reports/Global-Money-Transfer-Remittances-Market-Report-2012-Edition-70275.htmlRemittances are an important opening of income for households, particularly in developing countries. Remittances are gaining importance in the economic planning of all major developing economies of the world. With globalization and growing socio-political activities, more and more people from underdeveloped or developing economies are working outside the countries of their origin. Remittances are being considered as an important financial resource for development as well as a social change by financial planners in developing economies. The worldwide influx and outflow of remittances is rising constantly since historic several(prenominal) years with the exception of 2009, which was characterized by global economic slowdown.The developing nations which include both low-income and middle income count ries account for the majority of the global remittance inflow with majority contribution from India, China, Mexico and Philippines, due to their large emigrant population. The largest source of remittance flow to developing regions is high income countries including the US and Western Europe, with the GCC countries fast developing as an important source.The companies operating in the global remittance market are faced with strong competition with few large competitors and numerous small and receding competitors. The leading money transfer organization like Western Union, Money Gram, Euronet, and other independent players compete on the basis of technology, price and quality of dish up offered to remitters.The report analyzes the global remittances market with focus on India, China, Mexico and Philippines. The key trends observed within the market include exchange rate, fluctuating remittance cost, regional employment or unemployment affecting remittances, number of RSPs and cost variation across India and China and dominance of cash prices over the remittance market. The global remittance market faces several challenges which include the taxes which are imposed by the government on remittances and numerous legal and regulatory hurdles. The major factors which will contribute in the growth of the manufacture include growing international migration, rising employment rate and global economic growth.By combining SPSS Inc.s data integration and analysis capabilities with our applicable findings, we have predicted the future growth of the industry. We employed various significant variables that have an impact on this industry and created regression models with SPSS Base to determine the future thrill of the industry. Before deploying the regression model, the relationship between several independent or predictor variables and the dependent variable was analyzed using standard SPSS output, including charts, tables and tests.
Chicago Gangs and History
This paper deals with band ferocity in the city of dinero since the beginning of time. It takes a deep look into the history of pelf gangs and how they interact today. as well as the past problems the City of Chicago made when dealing with gangs and the problems that gangs today have and how Chicago has the worst gang problem in the country. Also how gangs have turned themselves into big, and lucrative enterprises most known for money. Also stated be possible solutions to complete or reduce violence of the gangs that all depress off with teaching the young kids about gangs and gang prevention.Chicago Gangs, Then and Now with Solutions Jimi Hendrix once said Every city in the world of all time has a gang, a street gang, or the so- called outcasts. Every city deals with gangs but some cities are worse off than others. Chicago is infamous for gang violence and problems dealing with gangs. For some getting to school in the Chicago land area can even be a matter of life and decea se because of the gangs and their violent ways (Belluck, 2000). Throughout history gang violence infested the city of Chicago, and it continues to create problems today hopefully solutions planned by the city can layover the violence.Race shaped Chicago gang history. African Americans were crowded into to the south side Black Belt (A brief outline of Chicagos gang history, para 2). As the First World War ended, blacks came back to Chicago and fights broke out to find jobs. The Democratic Party led by mayor Richard J. Daley decided to keep segregating the city (Brief outline). The blacks were separated by an expressway and an 18 story housing project. Separating races caused violence to sky rocket. The segregated areas proved more nationalist for their area and defended it to the core.Gang leaders were constantly thrown into jail so they had to find ways to keep a lucrative business. The Chicago Police segment declared war on gangs in the 1960s and the prisons soon became overpop ulated (Brief outline). Gangs reorganized and many combined their gangs into one bigger enterprise. Gangs were mostly run from prisons during the 1970s and on (Brief outline) therefore one could not escape the gangs. Gangs shaped Chicago early on. Gentrification is displacing gangs and causing turf wars. Gentrification and the tearing down of public housing in Chicago left many gangs homeless (Brief outline).Due to this, gangs battle over land and housing, known as turf wars. The violence rises, along with the number of deaths. at that placefore legal philosophy attempt to limit the gangs, but that also leads to fighting and violence with police. The whole cycle involves violence and is vicious. Chicago has the biggest gang problem in the country (Thomas & Bass, 2009). There are more gang members per citizen in Chicago than anywhere else in the country (Thomas, 2009, para 4). The average Chicago gang leader is 43, convicted of murder and lives in the suburbs.That leader on many occ asions directs his gang from jail (Main, 2006) and 95 percent of inmates in the Cook County Jail are gang members (Thomas, 2009). Gangs are everywhere today just like they use to be. The high number of gangs causes violence and deaths to rise in Chicago. Gangs have morphed from social organizations into full-fledged criminal enterprises (Thomas, 2009, para 5). Gangs are highly sophisticated and more dangerous then ever. The number one reason to join a gang is money and 95 percent of gangs usefulness comes from drug dealing (Thomas, 2009).Gangs do not worry about others and civilians, but rather money and their respective gang. Dealing with gangs is very dangerous. Even coming into contact with gangs can be dangerous. There are a wide variety of ethnicities and root words of gangs. Gangs can not be attributed to one ethnic or cultural group (Decker, 2009, pg 404). The high number of gangs again leads to turf wars because of a need for land and housing. Due to all of this violence police can not stop gangs all people mustiness contribute to the effort (Thomas, 2009). Gangs can not be stopped but reducing the violence can be done.It will assume Chicagoans participation and officers doing their job but it will make gangs less apparent in the city. Gang prevention must start with kids. The young people must be taught about gangs and the consequences of them since they are the future. They need to be taught the right way so they will not become involved with gangs and eventually gangs will slip away out. Schools should strain after school and summer jobs programs in order to get kids off the street after school and learning. Schools also should teach about gangs and offer drug prevention programs (Main, 2006).Kids are the key to stopping gangs and if taught correctly it can happen. Going after leaders of gangs is beneficial. Superintendent Jody Weis put in an ordinance saying, That if gangs quicken to violence, police will go after their leaders (Tarm, 20 10). Gang leaders will be held accountable for all the actions of their members. It is likely that a leader faculty become infuriated after going to jail so many clock for actions of his gang members that he might leave the gang. If this happens a couple of times the gang might diminish or vanish completely. This is one possible way to stop gangs.Controlling hot spots is key in stopping gangs. An ordinance was passed saying that police can arrest suspected members of a gang if they dont leave and area an officer tells them to (Belluck, 2000). A like ordinance was passed that allows officers to tell people to remove themselves from an area and to stay eye distance away (Johnson, 2000). This again allows officers to watch hot spots and can smash gangs business in an area causing them to lose money. It also allows gang members to keep being jailed and off of the streets for a period of time so they can not commit crimes or violence.This will limit gangs enterprises. Gang violence i nfests the city of Chicago but solutions can stop the violence. Chicago has the worst gang problem in the country but with the help of police and members of society it can be lowered. Kids must be taught from a young age about gangs and ordinances that make it hard for gangs to conduct business must be passed. Gangs can be stopped but it is no soft task. Chicagoans will have to work very hard but gangs can become lesser of a problem or maybe even disused one day.
Human Nature in The Great Gatsby Essay
Human nature refers to the general psychological characteristics, feelings, and behavioral traits of humankind, regarded as shared by all humans. F. Scott Fitzgerald with the use of selection of detail, selective diction, and imagery, portrays both move and bona fide aspects of human nature. Death brings denial, memories, remorse, and perspective. To incision Carraway, who is utterly incredulous and lachrymose over Gatsbys death, the passing-away of a dear friend is a period of reflection.Denial is the approximately prominent psychological aspect following champions death. Gatsbys house was still empty when I left. Fitzgerald implies that Nick is waiting upon Gatsbys cave in the return to normalcy. But the period of stagnation lingers and Nick continues to reminisce on the past. Fitzgerald invokes imagery by appealing to the five senses. Nick is trying to relive the jibe of Gatsbys infamous house parties by spending his Saturday nights in New York. The gleaming, dazzling parti es draw out the visuals of a celebratory scene. The music and the laughter, faint and aeonian excites the aural senses and characterizes the mood of the party. Nick begins to notice the most dismissive and discreet details.He acknowledges the length of the Gatsbys unmanaged lawn as compared to his, in which he posed fiddling to no interest prior to the death. Juxtaposing his brief observation is one far more conspicuous. One of the taxi drivers in the village never took a come along fast the entrance gate without stopping for a minute and pointing insideperhaps he had made a story about it all his own. Nick takes to mind the change in attitude and persona of those who were acquaintances of Gatsby. His death brings a cessation to lively parties and expansive gifts. Therefore, they who once lauded and idolized Gatsby, act as if one has never heard of him.The cruel and selfish face of human nature proves to be nothing less than pathetic. Nick concludes Gatsbys story by gainful at tention to the green light and reminiscing Gatsbys extraordinary spirit and pursuit to come as far as he did. Gatsby believed in the green light, the orgastic coming(prenominal) that year by year recedes before us. It eluded us then, but thats no matter to-morrow we will run faster, stretch out our arms fartherso we beat on, boats against the current, borne back ceaselessly into the past. Gatsbys spirit and passion will continue on in those who remember him most.
Exploring and Sharing Youth Work Practice
Exploring the Values and Principles of materialisation Work offspring work, enables, helps, encourages and celebrates vernal massess achievements and efforts. It walks beside a early days individual on their journey to transition to the adult humans. It does not sound out but rather provides an open ended support at times and in places where no opposite service can. Professor Ted Milburn, CBE President YMCA Scotland Youth work is a process of engaging and building relationships with newfangled commonwealth and providing a safe, secure and fun environment where tender pack feel supported and valued.Young bulk be central to the formulatening and delivery of jejuneness work as it responds to youthfulness issues. This offers a spirit socket of opportunities and programmes that reflect the umteen different requirements such as age difference, gender, special ask and race modify young multitude to fulfil their potential. The purpose of youth work is well defined in the Youth Work Manifesto 2011, and is as follows build self-esteem and self-confidence develop the ability to manage someoneal and mixer relationships get learning and develop new skills encourage commanding group atmospheres build the dexterity of young plurality to consider risk, make reasoned decisions and take control of their lives develop a world realize which widens horizons and invites social commitment build the qualification of young people to influence local and topic decision makers The values and principles that underpin youth work are Young people choose to act The young person takes part voluntarily. She/he chooses to be involved, not least because they want to relax, meet friends and fox fun.The young person decides whether to engage or to walk a representation. The work must build from where young people are Youth Work operates on young peoples experience individualised and unpaid territory within both their geographic and interest communiti es. The young persons biography draw is respected and forms the basis for shaping the agenda in negotiation with peers and youth workers. Youth Work recognises the young person as a partner in a learning process It complements formal education, promoting young people access to learning opportunities which enable them to fulfil their potential.Youth Work safeguards the welfare of young people It provides young people with a safe environment in which to explore their values, beliefs, ideas and issues. Youth Work treats young people with respect It values each individual and their differences, and promoting the acceptance and understanding of others, whilst challenging oppressive behaviour and ideas. Youth Work is concerned with facilitating and empowering the voice of young people It encourages and enables young people to influence the environment in which they live.Youth Work respects and values individual differences It supports and strengthens young peoples belief in themselves, and their message to grow and to flip with a supportive group environment. Youth Work is underpinned by the principles of equity, assortment and interdependence Effective Communication in Youth Work We all use manner of speaking to communicate, to communicatoryize ourselves, to get our ideas across, and to connect with the person to whom we are speaking. When a relationship is working, the act of communicating seems to flow comparatively effortlessly.When a relationship is deteriorating, the act of communicating can be as frustrating as arise a hill of sand. Chip Rose, attorney and mediator The act of communicating involves verbal and nonverbal components. The verbal component refers to the content of our centre the choice and arrangement of our talking to. The nonverbal component refers to the message we send through our body language. Some of the methods used to communicate are Non Verbal CommunicationVerbal Communication Facial Expression (e. g. frown) confabulation Body Posture Presentation Hand Gestures Tone of voice Pictorial representations Written word appearing (e. g. untidiness) Pacing and volume of voice Exchanging ideas and thoughts verbally with others is the most common form of intercourse. However, there can be barriers with this, especially within a youth work setting. Some of these barriers are Language It is pregnant not to use overly-formal language and jargon, which young people skill not understand. Also be aware of the language young people might use, i. e. slang. Stereotypes and generalizationsYouth workers must be sensitive to the complexities of certain situations and should be open to different opinions and views and not see the world as black and white. Jumping to conclusions Youth workers should not assume to come the reasons tail assembly events. It is important to have all the information. Dysfunctional responses Ignoring or not responding to a comment or question quickly undermines effective communication w ith a young person. Also, responding with an irrelevant comment or interrupting others season they are speaking also creates a poor environment.Lacking Confidence Whether it is the youth worker or young person, lacking confidence can be a major barrier to effective communication. Shyness, difficulty be assertive, or lack of self-worth can hinder your ability to make your needs and opinions known to others nonverbal Cues Nonverbal cues can block verbal communication. The wrong facial expressions or body language from a youth worker might purge off a young person from opening up or continuing a conversation. Not ListeningNot listening constitutes a major barrier in verbal communication. If a young person thinks that you are not listening then they will not speak with you. horror Inconsistency can also blocks verbal communication. If you say one thing and then later change your stance, it might confuse or frustrate a young person. Verbal communication barriers can consecrate a ser ious strain on relationships that ultimately need to be collaborative in narrate to most effectively meet the needs of our young people.Use of these communication errors results in increased emotional distancing betwixt youth worker and young person and can result in conflict and a blackball environment for everyone involved. Albert Mehrabian, a US Educational Psychologist, has developed a famous formula for how verbal communication works. The formula is 7% of meaning is in the words that are spoken. 38% of meaning is in the way that the words are said. 55% of meaning is in facial expression and body language. The key message here is simple Its not what you say, its the way that you say it. Nonverbal Communication tableGesture Common Interpretation blur Twirling Flirting, nervous, uncertainty, incompetence Placing your hand in front of your mouth Insecurity, uncertainty Rubbing your arm or subdivision Nervous, uncertainty Slumped posture Cant be bothered, low self-esteem , boredom, alienation Open palms Open, honest Palms subject Serious, domination Clenched fist Angry, frustrated, aggression Holding hands behind back Hiding something, en garde Wringing hands Nervousness, anxious Arms folded over chest Annoyed, bored, uninterested, low self-esteem Too little eye contact Shy, dishonest, nervous, no confidenceGesture Common Interpretation When exaggerated Forward Lean Interested, concern, spirit Troubled Direct eye contact Interested Aggressive Unique dress/hairstyle Confident, creative guardianship seeking, confused Upright posture Confident Feeling uneasy Handshake Friendly Intrusive, eccentric, aggressiveAn assertive person has the ability to express the needs, wants and emotions in a controlled manner without violating the rights of others or being aggressive. Characteristics of an assertive person might include Knowledge of their own rights Ability to initiate and sustain comfortable relationships with a variety of people Willingness to compromise Ability to discuss things in a controlled manner The difference among an assertive person and an aggressive person are as follows Assertive =Win, win Expresses feelings and thoughts honestly and appropriately Shows respect for themselves and others Considers the rights and needs of others Can effectively influence, listen and negotiate so others co-operate willingly Aggressive = winner, loser Expresses feelings and thoughts in a way which violates the rights of others Shows disrespect for themselves and others Puts own needs above others and denies people choice Can negatively influence, not listen and not negotiate and make others do what they dont want to do Puts own needs above others and denies people choice Interpersonal skills are the skills used when interacting with other people. In a challenging situation, effective interpersonal skills are essential. In a youth work setting, some of the skills a worker should have are An ability to rea d other people and build rapport existence able to ask useful questions You can more easily influence people You can get across conflict and challenging situations in constructive ways Show understanding With good interpersonal skills communication and relationships between young people and workers are enhanced. Building Relationships in Youth Work The flexibility and skills of youth work staff enable them to get trust from young people in m whatsoever instances for the beginning(a) time that a young person has been able to trust an adult. I never cease to be amazed at how the youth work process can transform some of our most unguarded young people and change their view of self and society in such a positive fashion. Alex Linkston, CBE, Princes Trust Volunteer, retired CEO West Lothian Council and Chair of YouthLink Scotland. It is important to promote positive relationships with young people in youth work to Provide learning and encourage success Ensure everyone is given a voice and feels heard Empower those with conflict to resolve it for themselves Preserve a sense of belonging and create positivity Develop and maintain mutual respect Build and repair relationships Develop world view and broaden horizons Build social skills and provide Life Skills Five qualities, which constitute a positive personal relationship, are Trust Mutual respect Communication Understanding Familiarity/Common groundFive qualities, which constitute positive youth work relationships, are Trust Approachable Non judgemental Good listener/empowering Respect So what are the differences between a personal relationship and a youth work relationship? Even though the words used above to describe the two different types of relationships tend to be different they are preferably similar in that they involve helpfulness and working together. In a professional relationship you oft motivated by a task/goal (i. e. the young persons learning, etc. ) that you are working t ogether to complete and achieve. In a personal relationship the ultimate goal is comfort and building true trust.There are two main themes that emerge with some regularity when reading close to relationships in youth work. These themes detail why positive relationships in youth work are important and are stated below Education for relationship The ability to develop good and satisfying interpersonal relationships is seen as the main, or a major reason for fostering learning. This has been one of the main themes lying behind many informal educators concern with social education. Education through relationship Our relationships are a aboriginal source of learning. By paying attention to the nature of the relationship between educators and learners, it is argues, we can make a significant difference.In particular, the quality of the relationship deeply influences the hopefulness required to remain curious and open to new experiences, and the capacity to see connections and discover meanings (Salzberger-Whittenberg et al. 1983 ix). Introduction to Planning and Evaluating Youth Work Plan (Needs & Aims) give away why the youth work group/programme is needed by the young person and/or the community evince who has identified the need for the group. (I. e. young person/Social work/ groups/partner organisations) Describe what the project is close in broad terms. State what the group is aiming to achieve. The need for a group can be identified through Discussions Formal consultation Social Network surveys Partnership meetings Community lead charge groups Statistics Government Policies Outline (Objectives/Implementations) List the objectives (specific aims) of the group and make a series of actions that will be put in place to ensure each of the stated objectives is achieved Describe how the objectives will be carried out/delivered How many beneficiaries/Age group/gender List who will benefit from the group (i. e. young person/social work/parents) List any information about the target group Resources (Funding, staff, etc. ) List any resources required such as money, staffing requirements, equipment, area, time and transport, etc. Partners Involved List any other agencies/partners that whitethorn be involved with the group/project such as police/SW/school/NHS mean Experiences & Outcomes Describe how the group relates to the CfE capacities (Confident Individuals, Responsible Citizens, Successful Learners and Effective Contributors) Highlight the importance of the quality and nature of the participants experiences Describe the outcome of the group (i. e. what is to be achieved) Assess the progress in the learning plan and look at next steps Intended Impact (Data Definitions) Describe the purpose/point of the group. Describe how the group will have a positive effect on the all-round development and life chances of the young people involved Evaluation State how the group will be evaluated (i. e. participant feedback)
Sociology: Midterm Exam, Explain the Effects of Sociology
Each human is born into differing sets of cultural and sociological deal that make each individual differ from one an different in various ways. Culture would be split upified as the moral patterns, knowledge, beliefs, customs, and whatever other habits man can and bequeath create in a monastic order. This Culture tincts each individual passively, or unintentionally, but yet very effectively. Corresponding to this would be the community that an individual is born into. Differing cultures create Societies societies be made up of cultural relations with others of the equivalent and agreeing culture.Cultures argon separated out into fond classes naturally because of major differences in cultural habits, beliefs, customs, etc. neighborly classes atomic number 18 differing cultures cultures that cannot easily coincide. A person might be born into the American culture, usually referred to as western culture, and thus he would be immediately different from those of an eastern cu lture, verbalise those of Iraq or Iran. The differing cultures are obviously based on the differing base of beliefs, the different customs, habits, moral standards, and oft, much to a greater extentThen there are sociological differences that we refer to as kindly class. While there is much of the western culture throughout the world, there are even widely differing cultures within the culture itself. These are what form hunting lodge and mixer classes. While there is one culture on the east sloping trough of the United States, you lead find that the culture on the west coast is completely separate and distinct. nonpareil of the more distinct examples that can be given is of those from the confederation versus those from elsewhere in the United States. disport Article Sociology TestBecause of the culture that children are born into, they are immediately immersed in a society that would demand respect and modesty in everyday living. It can be noted that the cultural standard in the southern United States is made up of higher moral standards than other states. Morals are one of the factors that make a culture differ from another. Just by sheer consequence, this culture creates a society that is considerably higher than those surrounding. In history it can be noted that custody from the south tended to be more upper class citizens having those of a differing culture under them as working class individuals.African Americans are from a differing culture, which in turn makes the society that they create clash with the society of other cultures. You will find umpteen different social classes that are together in one culture. For instance, post horse Gates would be part of a social class that some maturateer from Iowa would not be able to relate to. Generally there are 4 major social classes. These would be the speed Class (a small percentage), the Middle Class, the Working Class (constituting of most people), and the overturn Class.As well as any avera ge person from the rural town life would not be of the same social class as the president of the United States. A person can be born into a certain social class, but they can also work to attain a higher social class from the point in which they have begun. For the ease of consideration we will chose someone from rural farm country in either Illinois or Iowa These people are born to their parents into the working class and or lower class that they are part of. There have been people that have risen from the Lower Class up to the position of President, like our current president Mr. Barak Obama.Through natural means, and providential batch he was able to get an education and work his way up through the classes, and after many another(prenominal) years of work, sits as the current President. Education is a part of each individuals social class. One of the major factors that separate the Working Class from the Middle Class is their education. People that have interpreted the time, mo ney and energy to get an education and secure a degree or certificate in some specific area, are of a higher class and social status than those that are dependable working to provide for themselves in a workforce where no degree is needed.Culture is similar to affectionate class in that each individual is born into them without any choice, and that they are passively trained to be part of that class. But, a culture is the influence of certain standards, morals, habits, and such that will influence the person, whereas a society is only made up of relationships and certain goals and objectives. By joining together into a social class, the society can achieve what they would not be able to on an individual basis.The same is true for a culture, but to a lesser degree because there are many more cultures than there are social classes. Another term that can be used to describe culture would be well-educated behavior patterns. In conclusion, there are many cultures and many social stand ards throughout the world that affect every person either in a negative or a positive way. all individual has the influence of their culture and social class on them, to the point that they make distinctions about whom they will associate with and who they are able to have deep or shallow relationships.These are some of the factors that will limit the amount of people that a person is able to marry. The person under consideration moldiness be of a certain culture, in most cases, as well as be of an make up or greater social class. In my opinion, it is the wide distances between these social classes and foreign cultures that cause the many clashes in civilization, causing war and riots among lower people. If people were able to over-come these Sociological differences, then all men would be able to live more peaceably together.
Position Paper: Pepsico’s Restaurants
Position musical theme PepsiCos Restaurants Pepsi Cos Restaurants is a Harvard Business School trip which states PepsiCos large organization, its structure, its acquisitions and vigilance approach. It also covers two companies, Carts of Colorado (COC) and California Pizza Kitchen (CPK) which are move from PepsiCo in 1991 to buy. In this position paper PepsiCos acquiring strategy and focusing approach ordain be evaluated to examine strengths and weaknesses of acquiring these two companies and possible solutions of other strategies. It leave be also serve whether it is a successful company in restaurant business.Pepsis acquiring strategy is diversified. First, it merged with Frito-Lay in 1965 and named PepsiCo. The upshot states the belief of Kendall that snack chips went well with soda. It was a product-extension merger. These two companies were selling different save cogitate products in the same market. Snack provenders and soft befuddles are link. With the help of es tablished distri plainlyion network and mark recognition the merge resulted higher growth and economies of scale. This synergy was the basis of further developments. After that PepsiCo. acquired restaurant chains, which was the ternary fragment for the company.You evoke read also Classifications of RestaurantsPepsiCo made market-extension and also product-extension with this purchase. It acquired the largest chains equivalent Pizza Hut, greaser Bell at late 70s and KFC in 1986. (Exhibit 1) With their economies of scale, it created market access for its own products and the restaurants could correct follow reduction and represent efficiency with the growth of PepsiCo through soft befuddles and also similar purchases. (PepsiCo nutriment Systems) Additionally, the acquirements of KFC with its franchises (Exhibit 5) was important because it helped PepsiCo to be internationally powerful.For this purpose, they used also a different strategy for their snack food fragment and ac quired Smith Crisps, Ltd from United Kingdom which was its competitor for European market. (horizontal acquisition) Besides, PepsiCo purchased supplier companies desire bottling subsidiaries as regardant(postnominal) integration (instruments of standard-cycle approach like PepsiCo forage Systems, apostrophize efficiency is really important ) and also conglobation like Wilson Sporting Goods, but they sold what they acquired when the parts are not greater than the whole. PepsiCo has decentralized management approach.Ein truth decision didnt taken by take management. The responsibility for authority and decision making is distributed. Pepsi technical-grade which included Michael Jackson with a 5$ million record fee was told CEO only a few hours before the mystify. Moreover, Kendall encouraged managers to take risks and stated If you go through your career and never gravel a mistake, youve never tried anything worthwhile and the president of Pizza Hut, Steve Reinemund mentio ned that Calloway, the follower CEO after Kendall, had never told him what to do.These are typical examples for decentralization, but it also shows us that there is a tradition at PepsiCo, the trespass management showed their managers their trust and tried to challenge their thought process. This is the result of PepsiCo investment on them. Calloways result for outstanding performance was the three Ps people, people, people. Such decision devoters should be experienced. real their two phase system was really successful because it let successful managers to promote another divisions, contend positions or different functional areas.Most of the top management which keister be seen from organization chart (Exhibit 2) had participated at all levels of PepsiCo with different assignments, so they were generalists and great managers with different experiences. Their management approach can be expound as Calloway states We take eagles and teach them to fly in formation. Carts of Col orado and California Pizza Kitchen were two companies that PepsiCo. were provoke to acquire. The advantages and disadvantages of such acquisitions entrust be considered separately.But first of all, we have to consider what was the strategy of PepsiCo for the future and what PepsiCo has experienced. According to strategicalal planners of the company debauched service restaurants would re primary(prenominal) the largest segment over the following decade. Based on their analyses, libertine service, casual dining and take out segments would be attractive. On the other hand, PepsiCo. invested to casual dining like Pizza Hut Cafe and experienced that their know-how for this segment is low. (Reinemund We needed people to come in and combust the mold of our thinking.We knew enough to know what we didnt) Additionally, Salsa Rio Grill which is also an investment for casual dining was a failure, but it has also mentioned it could be successful with a different setting. These are aspects that we have to think whether to acquire CPK. The boldness also mentions that PepsiCo. needed non-traditional program to sum up points of distribution. That can be achieved with carts. The company also purchased carts from COC because they saw a potential future that the location of sales was really important. If COC is acquired, than PepsiCo ould acquire skills or technologies more quickly or at lower hail than they could be built in-house. This can be seen as a strength, tho COCs carts wouldnt cover the core competence of PepsiCO, therefore its acquisition could be not cost efficient. There is also an opportunity of first mover with the know-how of COC PepsiCo could achieve the most efficient mobile storesi, mogul be also accommodate some strategies for automats. The threat was that COC has a centralized organization, because of adaptation problems whole tolerate could be a failure. Acquisition of CPK has strengths according to its operating segment of casual dining.The we akness could be because of its cost comparing to its benefit. Strategic planners saw casual dining segment a growth market and with its know-how they would dissipate their market. Its threat is centralized structure of CPK. They failed with Pizza Hut Cafe and Salsa Rio Grill and it could also find out with CPK if they mount their quick service strategies. According my point of view PepsiCo should not acquire CPK because PepsiCo. s tradition is in truth powerful and they want to adopt their strategies to CPK, but added value and core competence of this companies is its centralized structure.If they act so, they result fail, instead of acquiring synergy. Additionally, the economies of scale CPK is also small which would not add value to its soft drink segment, the acquirement of other restaurant chains was also beneficial for grade awareness and reputation, this wouldnt feel for CPK. They would acquire it for know-how of this company, but the company is not public and centralize d, everything will depend on cofounders of CPK, this a very big risk if we compare benefits and its cost.On the other hand, PepsiCo could acquire COC, but they could provoke a technology use up with such a company. In such a contract the threat is the benefit, the synergy with experience of PepsiCo and know-how of COC can be extraordinary. If COC shares the results to other competitors, that wouldnt be a one sided gain, so comparing with its cost, it would be a lot better to acquire it because built-in of such department would be also very costly. As a result, I want also add my comments about the success status of Pepsi in restaurant business. I believe, it is successful.Although its history is short comparing with soft drink segment, its revenue is greater than soft drink segment and this is a success, PepsiCo differentiated its products, it made a great purchase system for cost effectiveness, but it had to add-on its profitability according to 1991 data. Although it covered 36 % of PepsiCo sales, but operating profit was 29% and as we knew from case, PepsiCo of import strategy was investing to where it believed it could achieve the highest returns. (Exhibit 4) Reference http//www. mckinseyquarterly. com/The_five_types_of_successful_acquisitions_2635 PepsiCos Restaurants Harvard Business School stripPosition Paper Pepsicos RestaurantsPosition Paper PepsiCos Restaurants Pepsi Cos Restaurants is a Harvard Business School Case which states PepsiCos large organization, its structure, its acquisitions and management approach. It also covers two companies, Carts of Colorado (COC) and California Pizza Kitchen (CPK) which are engage from PepsiCo in 1991 to buy. In this position paper PepsiCos acquiring strategy and management approach will be evaluated to examine strengths and weaknesses of acquiring these two companies and possible solutions of other strategies. It will be also equal whether it is a successful company in restaurant business.Pepsis acquiring s trategy is diversified. First, it merged with Frito-Lay in 1965 and named PepsiCo. The case states the belief of Kendall that snack chips went well with soda. It was a product-extension merger. These two companies were selling different but related products in the same market. Snack foods and soft drinks are related. With the help of established distribution network and brand recognition the merge resulted higher growth and economies of scale. This synergy was the basis of further developments. After that PepsiCo. acquired restaurant chains, which was the tercet segment for the company.You can read also Classifications of RestaurantsPepsiCo made market-extension and also product-extension with this purchase. It acquired the largest chains like Pizza Hut, taco Bell at late 70s and KFC in 1986. (Exhibit 1) With their economies of scale, it created market access for its own products and the restaurants could make cost reduction and cost efficiency with the growth of PepsiCo through soft drinks and also similar purchases. (PepsiCo Food Systems) Additionally, the acquirements of KFC with its franchises (Exhibit 5) was important because it helped PepsiCo to be internationally powerful.For this purpose, they used also a different strategy for their snack food segment and acquired Smith Crisps, Ltd from United Kingdom which was its competitor for European market. (horizontal acquisition) Besides, PepsiCo purchased supplier companies like bottling subsidiaries as slow-witted integration (instruments of standard-cycle approach like PepsiCo Food Systems, cost efficiency is very important ) and also conglomeration like Wilson Sporting Goods, but they sold what they acquired when the parts are not greater than the whole. PepsiCo has decentralized management approach.Every decision didnt taken by top management. The responsibility for authority and decision making is distributed. Pepsi commercial which included Michael Jackson with a 5$ million record fee was told CEO o nly a few hours before the contract. Moreover, Kendall encouraged managers to take risks and stated If you go through your career and never make a mistake, youve never tried anything worthwhile and the president of Pizza Hut, Steve Reinemund mentioned that Calloway, the follower CEO after Kendall, had never told him what to do.These are typical examples for decentralization, but it also shows us that there is a tradition at PepsiCo, the top management showed their managers their trust and tried to challenge their thought process. This is the result of PepsiCo investment on them. Calloways rejoinder for outstanding performance was the three Ps people, people, people. Such decision makers should be experienced. real their two phase system was very successful because it let successful managers to promote another divisions, contest positions or different functional areas.Most of the top management which can be seen from organization chart (Exhibit 2) had participated at all levels of PepsiCo with different assignments, so they were generalists and great managers with different experiences. Their management approach can be describe as Calloway states We take eagles and teach them to fly in formation. Carts of Colorado and California Pizza Kitchen were two companies that PepsiCo. were concerned to acquire. The advantages and disadvantages of such acquisitions will be considered separately.But first of all, we have to consider what was the strategy of PepsiCo for the future and what PepsiCo has experienced. According to strategic planners of the company quick service restaurants would remain the largest segment over the following decade. Based on their analyses, quick service, casual dining and take out segments would be attractive. On the other hand, PepsiCo. invested to casual dining like Pizza Hut Cafe and experienced that their know-how for this segment is low. (Reinemund We needed people to come in and profane the mold of our thinking.We knew enough to know what we didnt) Additionally, Salsa Rio Grill which is also an investment for casual dining was a failure, but it has also mentioned it could be successful with a different setting. These are aspects that we have to think whether to acquire CPK. The case also mentions that PepsiCo. needed non-traditional program to increase points of distribution. That can be achieved with carts. The company also purchased carts from COC because they saw a potential future that the location of sales was really important. If COC is acquired, than PepsiCo ould acquire skills or technologies more quickly or at lower cost than they could be built in-house. This can be seen as a strength, besides COCs carts wouldnt cover the core competence of PepsiCO, therefore its acquisition could be not cost efficient. There is also an opportunity of first mover with the know-how of COC PepsiCo could achieve the most efficient mobile storesi, superpower be also apply some strategies for automats. The threat was tha t COC has a centralized organization, because of adaptation problems whole construe could be a failure. Acquisition of CPK has strengths according to its operating segment of casual dining.The weakness could be because of its cost comparing to its benefit. Strategic planners saw casual dining segment a growth market and with its know-how they would thunder their market. Its threat is centralized structure of CPK. They failed with Pizza Hut Cafe and Salsa Rio Grill and it could also happen with CPK if they apply their quick service strategies. According my point of view PepsiCo should not acquire CPK because PepsiCo. s tradition is very powerful and they want to adopt their strategies to CPK, but added value and core competence of this companies is its centralized structure.If they act so, they will fail, instead of acquiring synergy. Additionally, the economies of scale CPK is also small which would not add value to its soft drink segment, the acquirement of other restaurant chain s was also beneficial for brand awareness and reputation, this wouldnt happen for CPK. They would acquire it for know-how of this company, but the company is not public and centralized, everything will depend on cofounders of CPK, this a very big risk if we compare benefits and its cost.On the other hand, PepsiCo could acquire COC, but they could make a technology contract with such a company. In such a contract the threat is the benefit, the synergy with experience of PepsiCo and know-how of COC can be extraordinary. If COC shares the results to other competitors, that wouldnt be a one sided gain, so comparing with its cost, it would be such(prenominal) better to acquire it because built-in of such department would be also very costly. As a result, I want also add my comments about the success status of Pepsi in restaurant business. I believe, it is successful.Although its history is short comparing with soft drink segment, its revenue is greater than soft drink segment and this i s a success, PepsiCo differentiated its products, it made a great purchase system for cost effectiveness, but it had to increase its profitability according to 1991 data. Although it covered 36% of PepsiCo sales, but operating profit was 29% and as we knew from case, PepsiCo main strategy was investing to where it believed it could achieve the highest returns. (Exhibit 4) Reference http//www. mckinseyquarterly. com/The_five_types_of_successful_acquisitions_2635 PepsiCos Restaurants Harvard Business School Case
History and Influences of Mexican Americans and the United States Essay
Looking around the get together States, it is not hard to involve the fix that Spanish-speaking nations, namely Mexico, have had on us. Every day we see signs in Spanish. We strike it as we walk through the streets of Madison and Milwaukee. We feel the push it has on us in our everyday school system. We also see the controversy it causes on the saucilys. What I result be attempting to explore in this paper is the origins of Mexican Americans and their continuing influence on the United States.I opine it is important to graduation exercise understand the history of the relationship between Americans and Mexicans to understand the prec at one timeived notions many Americans have towards Mexico. Although both nations atomic number 18 technically Americas, for the duration of the paper I will refer to the United States as America. After pleasant its in computeence from Spain, Mexico showtime had large-scale contact with Americans during the early 1800s when Americans were mi grating farther west to what is present day Texas.Mexico allowed these citizens to take a breather despite the tension and friction that was building between Whites, Indians and Mexicans in these territories. Texas citizens declargond themselves an independent nation, and due to the United States recognition of such, a war was prompted between the United States and Mexico. Mexico lost the war as healthful as its territories in North America. Mexican citizens who stayed behind in the lost territories became American citizens (Marger, 2012).One of the things that continuously muddled me about racism in the south, and states like Arizona, is the complete indifference or ignorance of this fact. I have always wondered how the White Supremacist mindset kneads when Mexican Americans have a natural ancestry in these states and were the first citizens of these states. How can we still see bumper stickers that say Learn English or Go Home, or Go back to your own country when the first c itizens of these states were Mexicans?I believe that a cause for this is the escape of emphasis of early Mexican American history taught in schools. I I believe that if this were emphasized, these precise ethnocentric arguments would be dispelled so unitaryr. Immigration of Mexicans and other Latinos to America is not going to stop, so to ignore their semipolitical influence would be foolish. Demographics argon showing that the Hispanic population is on the rise. There are an estimated 6. 6 million illegal immigrants from Mexico alone residing in the United States (Marger, 2012).The European American population, although still the largest in size, declining. (Marger, 2012). Since in that respect are an increasing amount of people in the United States who are a mixed race, such as myself who is part Mexican American, true numbers of those who identify as part Hispanic are not yet known. (Marger, 2012). I believe that due to this, it is more crucial than ever to understand what good-hearted of influence Mexican Americans will have on the socioeconomic and political structure of the future America.As much as certain groups of people would want to deny the influence of Mexican culture, as well as that of other Spanish-speaking heathenishities on the United States, the population statistics, (as well as the 2012 Election results, in my opinion) prove otherwise. Hispanics are the largest minority group (Naumann, Benet-Martinez, Espinoza 2013), and it is estimated that by 2050, 46% of the United States population will be Hispanic. (Marger, 2012). Insofar as political influence is concerned, 2008 held 19. 5 million registered Hispanic voters, and it is estimated that 23.7 million registered voters were Hispanic in the 2012 election. To more specifically cite the influence of Mexican Americans in todays take world, there are 33 million Mexican Americans in the United States and 73% of them were born in America (Naumann, et al 2013). Despite attempts of the Rep ublican Party to capture the vote of Hispanic Americans, 70% of them are still voting Democratic. (Naumann, et al 2013). Although Cubans tend to vote primarily more for Republicans, the larger population of Mexican Americans is still voting for Democrats.(Naumann, et al 2013). By analyzing these data, I can only conclude that the dire select for the Hispanic vote from the GOP is the sole purpose of the existence of Marco Rubio in modern politics. A question arises, as much as Mexican Americans influence us, how much do we influence them? The answer would have to depend on how in favor they are of assimilation. Studies have shown that most Mexican American youth would cull a biculturism form of acculturation, preferring to hold on to their ethnic customs but also to embrace new American ones (Naumann, et al 2013).It was also shown in these studies that the more deep-routed Mexican Americans tend to be in their ethnicity, that the likelier they are to vote liberally (Naumann, et al 2013). Understanding Mexican Americans role in the workplace currently will also help explain motivations as to how they vote and continue to influence the rest of America. A employment published in 2005 showed that Mexicans, slice living in Mexico, have fewer expectations for advancement in the workplace, including to upper-management positions. This leads them to believe there are less forms of discrimination based on age, sex and ethnicity (Bennington, Wagman, Stallone, 2005).Although these studies were done for Mexicans, not Mexican Americans, I believe that during the newest wave of immigration this attitude could carry over, which could explain at least one reason that despite the large population, there are not heaping amounts of Mexican Americans in upper-level positions. For work life itself, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mexican Americans have at large suffered the same impact of the recession other ethnicities have suffered, having Unemployment peaking st rongly in the 2009-2011 years and just now in 2013 jump to make a recovery (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2013).I believe this relates to the influence Mexican Americans have on us because since newer immigrants do not seek power as quickly as other ethnic groups, it can lead to certain prejudices of them being unmotivated, which in turn would influence behavior of White Americans to turn to them as subordinates. In summation, I believe that educating the true history of Mexican Americans (such as their origin as joining the US as citizens after the Mexican War), can help stop certain forms of prejudice, as well as helping Americans to realize that they are an ever-increasing demographic that is not going away anytime soon.Their influence is growing in US Politics, and this will have to be recognized if certain political groups adjure to survive in the new century. I believe that if there is more respect given to them while they are a minority group, the more respect they will give to White America once Whites lose their status as the dominant ethnic group.
Stonewall Riots of 1969
Introduction The obstruct riots of 1969 happened consecutively for 3 days, it all started on June 27th in Greenwich Village, New York at the hinder Inn. During the 1960s it was common for the law to raid fairylike bars, and when this would happen the merrys and homosexuals would try to sneak out the back door. The police would arrest the patrons and drag them mop up to jail, their names were written down and published in the newspaper by the next day and as a result they would be fired from their jobs. The 1960s was a term of revolution.The Civil Rights Movement was in full swing and people took to the streets to protest the war in Vietnam. It was notwithstanding a matter of time before jollys and lesbians stood up for their rights as well. (A history of Gay and Lesbian Pride) June is this instant the month know as Gay Pride month, a time when all gays and lesbians prance and parade to celebrate. Setting/Background Living in the 1960s as a gay and or lesbian was very diff icult in fact the only way to be safe was to be in the closet, not openly gay to the public.Police took it up as their duty to arrest gay patrons who were seen snuggling each other, dancing with one another, or even holding hands with one another. Generally reasonable being present was enough in their minds to warrant an arrest. Of course when this appeared in the newspaper they were tabbed as having pull a Crime against nature. (The history and impact of the Stonewall Riots) Issues Involved/Causes During the 1950s 1990s gay couples were not allowed to touch or dance with one another it was also illegal for women to dress up in mens clothing and men to dress in womens clothing.If three known homosexuals were seance at a table together then it would be illegal to serve an alcoholic drunkenness to them. If the gays didnt comply with the laws then they were faced with a fine, a night in jail, and the next morning they would have their names printed the daily newspapers and have a record under guilty activity. (The history and impact of the Stonewall Riots) Event On June 27th police raided a gay bar in Greenwich, New York at the Stonewall Inn.Police demanded identification papers from costumers, they escorted them outside on to the sidewalks were they were pushed off and others were put into a paddy-wagon. Thats when some of the lesbians and gays started to fight back. They Chanted Gay Power all plot of land throwing bottles and rocks at the police. Riot veteran and gay rights activist Craig Rodwell says A number of incidents were happening simultaneously. There was no one thing that happened or one person, there was just a flash of group, of mass anger. (The embarrass riots-1969) Crowds soon began to grow outside the Stonewall Inn. Every time the police would have the crowd spilt up it would just start again right behind them and again they would start to chant. Thirteen arrest had been do on the first night of the riot many of the protesters were single d out and beaten and then later were arrested. With about two thousand protesters and only about four hundred police officers, the tactical patrol suck was called in to disperse the riots that with a failed attempt the riot continued on.Outcome/ effects/Aftermath Effects of the Stonewall Riots were that the gay community in new York united in the fight against discrimination and June became known as a gay month to celebrate their pride in homosexuality. The gay liberation bird-scarer was organized. Gay people learned to take a stand for themselves and to fight back. Reflection Though gay issues are still a problem today in America, the Stonewall Riots was the first step toward conglutination the gay community to start taking a stand for what they believe is right.I believe that if it wasnt for the Stonewall Riots then life for gays and lesbians would still be the same as it was then. It was the Stonewall Riot that led to gay liberations and for the gay community to start workin g together to make life easier for them. I dont believe that the police should have gone as far as they did with raiding gay bars, but it was there ridings that led up to the Stonewall Riot so actually Im fortunate that they did that otherwise the gay liberation front may have never been formed.
Discuss the two objections to the use of fair value measurement Essay
Discuss the two objections to the use of carnival value measurement referred to above, and critically examine how far they ar valid - Essay ExampleThe first objection says that the method is, thus, non good for financial reporting while the second says that the method will be against the stakeholders and investors interest. This study seeks to consider pleasure ground value measurement method in accounting in light of the aforementioned objections. in advance embarking on the studys purpose, it is of essence, though, to define fair value as presumptuousness by IASB. correspond to IFRS 13, Fair value is that price that one would receive if he/she disposed an asset or paid to ensure an obligations transfer in an orderly kind of transaction between players in a mart at the date of measurement. IFRS 13 is there to increase comparability and consistency in measurements that use fair value method and the disclosures that go in tandem through what is referred to as fair value hiera rchy. This hierarchy categorizes the inputs that are usually utilized in the techniques of valuation into three primary(prenominal) levels. This hierarchy prioritizes at the top, the unadjusted/quoted prices for identical liabilities or assets and in active marts. The lowest priority is given to unobservable type of inputs. The levels of inputs are explained as under. Level 1 inputs refer to the quoted prices in the active markets for liabilities or assets that are identical that the entity can get at the date of measurement. ... Those scholars who are against this method argue that fair value method presents information that is unreliable since it is not usually based upon transactions at work ups length. Thus, it should not be used when it comes to investors making financial decisions. Under its reliability, cynics say that it is not a reliable measurement method. Some of the scholars against this method like Cunningham Colleen, the president of FEI- Financial Executives Interna tional, said that the information that is generated by this method cannot be of any relevant use to an investor. According to Cunningham, it is in fact useless to an investor. Income statements are subject to manipulation if this method is applied in measurements. (Shortridge et al, 2006) Fair values are not applicable in cases of quicks arbitraging of market prices. It is not an appropriate method especially when a firm adds value for stockholders by way of purchasing at input prices of the market and disposing at output prices of the market. In this case, the argument is that the raw materials applied in the process of manufacturing do not gain their value from a variance in their exit prices in the market, but as inputs into processes which add values to the existing market prices by making a product as well as selling the same to consumers. This is because a variance in the value for stockholders is not really connected to a variance in the prices of the market. Thus, as a form of stewardship stockholders should be rewarded by the management through other basis, but not victimization market values. Also efficient prices are reliant on historical costs and, thus, fair market value measurements cannot serve as substitutes under this kind of scenario. The
Basic Senior Year Financial Questions Assignment - 1
Basic precedential Year Financial Questions - Assignment ExampleNet present value recognizes time value of notes and such appreciates that a shilling now is more valuable than a shilling tomorrow and the both can only be compared if they are at their present value.This is another modern method of discounting immediate payment flow because the technique uses the principle of NPV. It is defined as the rate which the present value of cash outflows of an investing equates the initial capital invested.IRR will accept a conjecture if its IRR is higher than or equal to the borderline required rate of return which is usually the cost of finance also known as the neck off rate or hurdle rate, and in this case IRR will be the highest rate of pastime a firm would be ready to pay to finance a project using borrowed pecuniary resource and without being financially worse off by paying back the loan (the principal and accumulated interest) out of the cash flows generated by that project. Thus, IRR is the break-even rate of borrowing from commercial banks.This method gauges the viability of a venture by taking the inflows and outflows over time to ascertain how soon a venture can payback and for this causal agency PBP (or payout period or payoff) is that period of time or duration it will take an investment venture to generate sufficient cash inflows to payback the cost of such investment. This is a popular approach among the traditional financial managers because it helps them ascertain the time it will take to recoup in form of cash from trading operations the original cost of the venture. This method is usually an important preliminary screening stage of the viability of the venture and it may yield clues to profitability although in principle it will measure how fast a venture may payback rather than how much a venture will generate in profits and provided the main objectives of an investment is not to recoup the original cost but also to earn a profit for the owners or
Pick and art work that is influenced by astronomy Essay
Pick and art work that is influenced by astronomy - Essay ExampleHe was a Post-Impressionist artist, and like the Impressionists he could make use of the newly available ready prepared paints in tubes which made it much easier to paint outdoors, maybe painting in the g corpulents of the asylum, but in this case he is looking east through an open window. In April 1888 avant-garde Gogh wrote -Although the image of the sky is exaggerated and unrealistic, yet it remains one e reallybody can consociate to, as we have all been outdoors at night at some point in our lives, and gazed up a the wonders of the heavens, swirls of clouds, paladins pricking the darkness, and the beautiful moon in all its stages. We were not however experiencing Van Goghs particular state of mental illness, in which realities were so exaggerated that it caused him to paint the stars so large and producing what Naifah and Smith ( varlet 762) refer to as -This was painted of course long before quadrangle explor ation or modern telescopes. Van Gogh did not know that the moon is just a lump of dusty rock. He may not have known that the light we see from the stars is historical, in that it has taken considerable time to reach Earth because of the immense distances involved. In this case each star is surrounded by a lesser light, a halo. This may perhaps indicate a very cold night, or it could have some significance to Van Gogh.The many swirls and curves are part of the tie of this work. They carry the viewers eyes around the painting from one point to the next and round again. It is a painting of the imagination. Even the village of St Remy doesnt look exactly as it really was, perhaps because it is not visible from the asylum windows, but some things are factual, in this case the very pearlescent star depicted immediately right of the cypresses is actually the planet Venus, the rising morning star ( Whitney, page 356, 1966). Soth ( page 305,1996) states that Van Gogh wrote to
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Staff Members: Margie Peden, Brenda Wheeler, Jenise Rivera, Dr. Kerry Duncan
Dr. Kerry P. Duncan, D.Min
Dr. Kerry P. Duncan, D.Min., is the Executive Director of Covenant Counseling & Family Resource Center. Kerry attended the University of Wisconsin and earned his B.A. degree at the University of Georgia. He did graduate training at Columbia Theological Seminary in Decatur, Georgia, where he earned M.Div., Th.M., and D.Min. degrees. A Fellow with the American Association of Pastoral Counselors, Kerry specializes in psychotherapy designed to help clients find the best in themselves, which they can use to overcome obstacles in their relationships with themselves, others, and God. Kerry is an ordained Minister in the Presbyterian Church (USA). Contact Kerry: (770) 985-0837 ext. 14, kerry@covenantcounseling.org
Margie Peden, MA, LPC, CLC
Margie Peden, MA, LPC, CLC, is a licensed Professional Counselor and Certified Life Coach. She received a Bachelor of Science in Psychology from Kennesaw State University and a Masters in Professional Counseling from Liberty University. Margie received her certification as a Life Coach from the American Associate of Christian Counselors. Margie provides therapeutic counseling to individuals, couples and families, specializing in adolescent and parenting dynamics. Margie has a holistic approach that provides guidance toward exploring a deeper self-awareness of body, mind and spirit, while helping build and strengthen the tools necessary to persevere through obstacles and trials that often develop into self-doubt, personal suffering, and painful relational conflicts in life. She enjoys guiding people through the exploration of their personal stories to help them reach a place of healing, renewed self-awareness, and personal empowerment on a journey toward obtaining inner peace and hope. She is currently accepting new clients on a private pay sliding fee basis. Contact Margie: (770) 985-0837 ext 24, margie@covenantcounseling.org
Jenise Rivera
Jenise Rivera is a Licensed Associate Professional Counselor and a Nationally Certified Counselor. She earned an Associate of Arts degree in Business Administration from Georgia Perimeter College, a Bachelor of Arts degree in Political Science from Georgia State University and a Masters of Science degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling from Mercer University.
At Covenant, Jenise provides counseling to individuals and couples. She has experience working with adults, adolescents, couples and children. She has a passion for serving others and for providing the best therapeutic care to her clients. She currently specializes in assisting individuals coping with anxiety. Jenise’s theoretical approach is concentrated in cognitive behavior therapy and a client centered approach. She believes, however, that no two individuals are alike nor will one theoretical technique work for every client, and as such, she will at times integrate other theoretical techniques to best assist her clients in reaching their treatment goals.
Jenise also provides bilingual services to Spanish speaking clients. ¡Jenise habla espanol tambien! Si tiene algunas preguntas o si quiere establecer una cita con ella, la puede llamar en el numero de telefono abajo. Contact Jenise: (770) 985-0837 ext 22, jrivera@covenantcounseling.org
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Permanent link: https://doi.org/10.7925/drs1.ucdlib_260452
Workhouse Drawings Collection
Abstract: The Workhouse Drawings collection contains a representative sample of drawings, plans, and documents drawn from the Irish Architectural Archive's Workhouse Collection. The Workhouse Collection (reference 85/138) in the Irish Architectural Archive includes surviving drawings for workhouses built in Ireland to provide relief for the poor. Built between 1839 and 1847, the workhouses were designed in a Tudor domestic idiom by architect George Wilkinson. Occasionally drawings are accompanied by other documents including the standard printed specification or, more rarely, items of correspondence. Many are in extremely poor condition and their extreme fragility precludes public access. This online collection provides access to drawings and documents relating to the Mallow, Castleblayney, Lismore, and Gorey workhouses. The drawings for Mallow Workhouse may be considered a representative set of the surviving drawings for the Tudor style workhouses built by Wilkinson. The majority of the drawings were produced mechanically (engraved and printed). The inclusion of drawings from Castleblayney, Lismore, and Gorey, in addition to those of Mallow, ensures that this online collection includes samples of each printed drawing.
O'Riordan, Colum [Collection registrar]
Wilkinson, George, 1814-1890 [Architect]
Ireland. Poor Law Commissioners [Contributor]
Map visualisation
Dynamic map showing the locations of workhouses in Ireland. Includes information on the current status of the building or if the building no longer exists. Links to the National Inventory of Architectural Heritage record for the building are included where available.
Link to full screen visualisation: https://n2t.net/ark:/87925/h19021tf
Collection contents
Mallow Union Workhouse : elevations
Mallow Union Workhouse : ground plan
Mallow Union Workhouse : one pair plan
Mallow Union Workhouse : two pair plan
Mallow Union Workhouse : plan of drains
Mallow Union Workhouse : section on line A.B on ground plan
Mallow Union Workhouse : section on line C.D on ground plan
Mallow Union Workhouse : sections on line E.F and line L.M on ground plan
Mallow Union Workhouse : sections on line G.H and line I.K on ground plan
Mallow Union Workhouse : drawing for partition across Dining Hall
Mallow Union Workhouse : drawing for Board Room chimney piece
Mallow Union Workhouse Ireland : drawing for entrance door to front entrance building
Mallow Union Workhouse Ireland : drawing (A) for entrance door to master house
Mallow Union Workhouse Ireland : drawing for doors with ventilators over to cells of idiot wards
Mallow Union Workhouse : drawing for windows no. 1
Mallow Union Workhouse Ireland : drawing for windows no. 2
Mallow Union Workhouse Ireland : detail for dormer window
Mallow Union Workhouse Ireland : drawing for windows marked B on plan
Mallow Union Workhouse Ireland : drawing for 6ft square ventilators over staircases in wings of main building
Mallow Union Workhouse Ireland : drawing for Ventilators &c., over stairs &c. &c. 4 feet square (on plan)
Mallow Union Workhouse Ireland : pattern for gable boards to wings of the main building
Mallow Union Workhouse Ireland : patterns for gable boards for entrance block
Mallow Union Workhouse Ireland : pattern of gable boards for infirmary building
Mallow Union Workhouse Ireland : drawing shewing the manner of constructing the vaults and cesspools for privies
Mallow Union Workhouse Ireland : drawing for cast iron ventilators
Union Workhouses Ireland : drawing for construction of washing trays
Specification of works required to be performed in the erection of the Union Workhouse
Castleblaney Union Workhouse : section on line C.D. on ground plan
Castleblaney Union Workhouse : section on line G-H on ground plan
Castleblaney Union Workhouse : section on line I.K on ground plan
Castleblaney Union Workhouse : drawing for vane to be constructed on roof over stone turrets of staircases
Circular relating to the frosts
Circular relating to the windows for the new workhouses, Ireland
Circular relating to the opening lights of the windows of the workhouses
Circular relating to external doors
Particulars of the fittings to be provided for the Castleblaney Union Workhouse
Castleblaney Union Workhouse : list of the several locks, hinges, and window fastenings, forwarded to the above workhouse
Interior view of part of a workhouse building shewing the construction & arrangement of the sleeping platform, bedsteads
Gorey Union Workhouse : details for brickwork &c to doors and windows entrance front
Fifth annual report of the Poor Law Commissioners
Date created: 1839 – 1842
Biographical/historical information
A system of workhouses to provide relief for the poor was established in England and Wales by the Poor Law Act of 1834. Although a Royal Commission found that such a system of indoor relief was unsuited to Irish conditions, the Government of the day, relying on the investigations of the Poor Law Commissioner George Nicholls, opted to replicate the workhouse system in Ireland. The 1838 Act for the More Effectual Relief of the Destitute Poor in Ireland (1 & 2 Vict., Cap. 56) provided for the division of the country into Poor Law Unions, each managed by a Board of Guardians, and the construction of a workhouse in each Union.
Whereas different architects had been able to compete for workhouse commissions in England and Wales, it was decided that in Ireland the task of building all the new workhouses should be given to a single architect. In January 1839 the 25-year-old George Wilkinson, who had designed a number of English and Welsh workhouses, was appointed. The awarding of such an enormous commission to an English architect caused much resentment amongst the native architectural fraternity, but Wilkinson, assisted by one full-time assistant and a clerk, applied himself efficiently to his task. Designed in a Tudor domestic idiom, with picturesque gabled entrance buildings, 130 workhouses had been completed by 1847.
A second phase of construction was undertaken during the Famine. Fever hospitals were added to existing workhouses from circa 1847 onwards, and between 1849 and 1853 a further thirty workhouses were built. These were plainer buildings with a different layout. The analysis of drawings under the Drawings heading is concerned only with the standard Tudor-style workhouses of the first phase.
The Fifth Annual Report of the Poor Law Commissioners, May 1839, included details of "the measures which [the Commissioners] have adopted for introducing into Ireland the provision of the Act of last session, for the more effectual Relief of the Destitute Poor in Ireland". An abridged version of the Report containing just the contents relating to Ireland was published in booklet form also in 1839.
The Appendices which accompanied the Report in both its full and abridged manifestations contained 'Documents Issues by the Board Under the Irish Poor relief Act', with Section 9 consisting of 'Papers as to the Providing of Workhouses in Ireland' and Section 10 consisting of 'Plans, &c., of Workhouses for Ireland, to contain from 400 to 800 paupers'. Two ground plans were included, one for a 400 to 500 person workhouse and one for an 800 person workhouse. Each plan was accompanied by a 'Bird’s Eye View Shewing the General Arrangement' for the building. These drawings constitutes templates for the Tudor-style first wave of Wilkinson’s workhouses from which the constructed buildings did not significantly deviate. An important feature of the design was its flexibility; "the pans [were] so arranged as to allow of [an] addition being made without either interfering with the part already executed, or occasioning any sacrifice of the previous outlay".
The documents in Section 9 of the Appendices included detailed "particulars of the… Drawings" in which Wilkinson explained the various areas of the workhouse, the materials to be used, the ventilation system, and the procedures to be following in moving from site selection to construction. He noted that once a site has been identified and "surveyed by the Architect", "the plans are immediately prepared". The local availability and cost of building materials were to be ascertained. A set of working drawings and a specification were then to be lodged with the clerk of the particular Board of Guardians for inspection by local contractors who might tender for the job. Procedures for the tendering process were stipulated in the Appendix, as were the forms of contract which the successful bidder would enter with the Commissioners, one for a complete workhouse and one for partial constriction. Under the full contract, the contractor undertook to build for an agreed fee within an agreed timeframe "a workhouse and buildings, according to the specification… and agreeable to the several plans, sections and elevations, as set forth or shown on the several drawings". Construction was to proceed "under the immediate superintendence and inspection of a clerk of works, appointed with strict regard to his qualifications"; this clerk was to report regularly to the Poor Law Commissioners or their architect.
It is clear from the procedures described above that Wilkinson would have had to issue a considerable number of drawings – elevations, plans, sections and details – for each building in the workhouse programme. The Workhouse Collection (85/138) in the Irish Architectural Archive includes surviving drawings for eighty-one workhouses, all located in the twenty-six counties of the Republic of Ireland. (Presumably the Northern Ireland drawing were handed over to the relevant authorities post partition.) For some buildings twenty or more drawings remain, for others only one or two. Occasionally drawings are accompanied by other documents including the standard printed specification or, more rarely, items of correspondence. Many are in extremely poor condition due to the fact that the room in which they were stored flooded at some point . Their extreme fragility precludes public access.
Drawings: While individual plans, sections and elevations, were produced by hand for each workhouse, the fundamentally uniform nature of the Tudor-style buildings which constitute the majority of Wilkinson’s first 130 workhouses allowed part of the drawing production process to be mechanised. A number of drawings for common elements were printed, some using the then relatively new zincography process, a cheaper alternative to lithography.
Plans: Though broadly similar in size – Appendix Section 9 of the 1839 Poor Law Commissioners Report contained a chart setting out the dimensions of the plots requires for each size of workhouse – each site was different and so individual plans for each workhouse were produced. The plans follow the standard pattern delineated in the 1839 Report, varying only depending on the size of accommodation to be provided. Plans can deviate from each other in the sizes of the yards or location of drains etc. rather than in the dimensions or disposal of the main building blocks. Ground, first and second floor plans, roof structure plans and roof plans were issued, usually on three sheets. Site and drainage plans might also be provided. Colour washes could be used on plans – grey for walls, pink for drains, cisterns etc, and yellow for timber.
Elevations: As with plans, elevations, though standardised, were individual produced for each workhouse, or rather hand-produced copies were issued pin-pricked from a standard template. Generally only one sheet was issued showing the front elevations of the entrance and main blocks. Elevation drawings were uncoloured.
Sections: Sections were also standard, and some hand-drawing sheets were issued, usually pin-pricked copies from templates. However, a large number of section drawings were also printed. Four or more section sheets could be issued for each workhouse, consisting of separate sections for various part of the building – the entrance block, the centre and wings of the main block, the infirmary, the dining hall/chapel and the laundry. Coloured washes could be used on sections – blue-grey for stone and metal, and yellow for timber. Printed sections included section though end wing of main block (generally on line on plan given as AB), section through central section of main block (CD), at least two varieties of which were issued, one including a dormer window and one without, and sections on one sheet through entrance block (EF) and infirmary (LM). Hand-drawing sections included sections through dining hall/chapel (GH) and laundry (IK); these could be issued together on a single sheet or on two separate sheets.
Details: Some detail drawings were hand drawn, again pin-pricked copies from standard templates. These could include the chimney piece in the board room and partitions in the dining hall.
Printed Drawings: Printed drawings were commonly headed in block capitals 'Union Workhouse Ireland', with the name of the specific workhouse written in above. They were almost all 'signed' in block capitals Geo: Wilkinson Archt. A number were also dated. Many of the surviving examples have manuscript additions such as instructions or additional measurements. Aside from the sections noted above, printed drawings include: Interior perspective main block. Drawings for doors including the entrance block door, the door to the master’s house (central section the main block), and door to 'idiots cell'. Drawings for ventilation towers or 'turrets' over the stairs of the main block, and for smaller 'ventilators'. Drawings for windows including the various sized windows in the front and back of the entrance and main blocks, and for the dormer windows in the main block. Drawings for the privies and cesspits. Drawing for sliding iron wall vents. Drawing for the washing trays in the laundry. Drawing for bedsteads. Drawing for fire grates.
The drawings for Mallow Workhouse may be considered a representative set of the surviving drawings for the Tudor style workhouses built by Wilkinson from 1839 to 1847. Mallow was constructed to accommodated 700 people at a cost of £6,090 with an additional £1,160 for fittings. It opened in August 1842. Twenty-six drawings survive for the building, as well as the printed specification and one item of correspondence.
Ownership/custodial history
The drawings are the property of the Department of Environment, Heritage and Local Government, and were transferred to the Irish Architectural Archive in 1985 on extended loan.
English eng
Architectural drawings linked data (gmgpc)
Workhouses--Ireland
Almshouses--Ireland
Almshouses--Designs and plans
Workhouses--Designs and plans
https://doi.org/10.7925/drs1.ucdlib_260452
Irish Architectural Archive . 0085/138
Suggested credit
"Workhouse Drawings Collection," held by Irish Architectural Archive. © Public domain. Digital content by University College Dublin, published by UCD Library, University College Dublin <http://digital.ucd.ie/view/ucdlib:260452>
Irish Famine Research Project
Cited/referenced by
[1] Irish Architectural Archive. Workhouse Drawings Collection Finding Aid. Dublin, Ireland : Irish Architectural Archive – http://iarc.cloudapp.net/Details/archive/110081205
[2] Dictionary of Irish Architects. Wilkinson, George (Dictionary of Irish Architects entry). Dublin, Ireland : Irish Architectural Archive2019 – https://www.dia.ie/architects/view/4918/Wilkinson-George
Descriptions created by staff of UCD Library, University College Dublin based on information provided by the Irish Architectural Archive. — Metadata creation date: 2017-03-24
Rights & Usage Conditions
Workhouse Drawings Collection is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
The original work is in the public domain
Contact the Irish Architectural Archive directly See: http://www.iarc.ie/contact/
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Home > English > Faculty Publications > 70
Review of Forming the Collective Mind: A Contextual Exploration of Large-Scale Collaborative Writing in Industry, by Geoffrey A. Cross.
Barbara Couture, University of Nebraska - LincolnFollow
Published in Journal of Business and Technical Communication 17:4 (October 2003), pp. 490–495 doi: 10.1177/10506519030174005 Copyright © 2003 Sage Publications. Used by permission. http://jbt.sagepub.com
We have come a long way in studies of writers in professional settings, learning with each exploration how these behaviors differ from and relate to the processes we have taught beginning writers in our classroom. Studies of these processes have become increasingly more sophisticated since Selzer (1983) treated researchers to his intriguing account of a technical writer’s composing processes. Next, we saw case studies of writers designed to produce real-world writing contexts for students—such as Cases for Technical and Professional Writing, which I coauthored with Rymer Goldstein (1985)—and then more detailed descriptions of how writers learn to become proficient communicators in their profession, such as Winsor’s (1996) Writing Like an Engineer. Running apace with these studies of individual writers, several researchers now have investigated the complicated role of collaboration in workplace writing— a dynamic not desired or promoted in literary writing or academic writing in the humanities—conducting studies of specific writer-supervisor relationships, the peer-review process of editing complex documents, and the effects of electronic writing tools on promoting and directing collaborative writing processes. But even though we have come a long way in our studies of writers in professional settings, I wonder whether the conclusions drawn from such research can truly help advance our knowledge about how to improve professional writing practice and its teaching. ... Instructors who are teaching future teachers of technical and professional writing would find Cross’s study a valuable tool to show students who have not written in a professional context what that setting is like.
English Language and Literature Commons
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Home > USDOI > US Fish & Wildlife Service > US Fish & Wildlife Publications > 362
US Fish & Wildlife Service
US Fish & Wildlife Publications
Mourning Dove Population Status, 2010
Todd A. Sanders, U.S. Fish and Wildlife ServiceFollow
Keri Parker, U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Sanders, T. A., and K. Parker. 2010. Mourning dove population status, 2010. U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, Division of Migratory Bird Management, Washington, D.C.
This report summarizes information on abundance and harvest of mourning doves collected annually in the United States. For abundance, we report primarily on trends in the number of doves heard per route from the Mourning Dove Call-count Survey (CCS), but also include trends in doves seen per route from the CCS and birds heard and seen per route from the all-bird Breeding Bird Survey (BBS). Harvest and hunter participation are estimated from the Migratory Bird Harvest Information Program (HIP). The CCS-heard data provided evidence that abundance of doves decreased in all three dove management units (Eastern [EMU], Central [CMU], and Western [WMU]) during the long term (1966–2010); within the EMU, however, there is evidence that abundance decreased in hunt states but increased in nonhunt states. In the recent 10 and 2 years, the EMU was the only unit that had evidence of a change in dove abundance; there, it increased in the recent 10 years. Also there was evidence that abundance increased in EMU nonhunt states, but no evidence of change in the EMU hunt states for the same period. Over the long term, trends in CCS-heard and CCS-seen data were consistent in the WMU, but inconsistent in the EMU and CMU; here there is evidence that trends in CCS-seen were stable in the CMU and increased in the EMU. BBS data provided evidence that the abundance of doves over the long term increased in the EMU and decreased in the CMU and WMU. Thus, over the long term, the three data sets provided consistent results only in the WMU. In the CMU, CCS-seen is somewhat inconsistent with CCS-heard and BBS, and in the EMU, CCS-heard are opposite CCS-seen and BBS. Current (2009) HIP estimates for total harvest, active hunters, and total days afield in the U.S. were 17,354,800 ± 531,269 (estimate ± SE) birds, 974,400 hunters, and 2,987,400 ± 60,967 days afield. Harvest and hunter participation and the unit level were: EMU, 7,639,200 ± 272,829 birds, 437,600 hunters, and 1,245,700 ± 38,134 days afield; CMU, 7,474,600 ± 457,629 birds, 393,400 hunters, and 1,312,700 ± 53,580 days afield; and WMU, 2,241,000 ± 91,469 birds, 143,400 hunters, and 429,000 ± 15,321 days afield.
US Fish & Wildlife Service Website
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Bones of the Buddha
Posted on May 24, 2013 June 15, 2014 by Dharma Documentaries
A documentary tracing the history of the discovery of the Buddha's relics at Piprahwa in northern India and the subsequent controversy surrounding them.
In 1897 a British colonial landowner living in India, W.C. Peppe, ordered his workers to uncover and dig a trench through a large mound on one of his estates. They dug down and eventually came upon a large stone casket, which was then opened.
Inside there were many jewels and gold objects, and several small vases, which he disinterred and took back with him to his home. On one of the vases an inscription was found which was in a language and script unknown to him.
Peppe therefore contacted the archeologists Vincent Smith and Dr. Fuhrer, who were able to decipher it and said the writing proclaimed that the bones and ashes inside were of the Lord Buddha, and had been presented to the Sakiyan clan.
This find meant that Piprahwa must have been the site of the ancient city of Kapilavatthu, where the Buddha had grown up. What is more the relics were the only relics that it was certain were from Lord Buddha himself.
But the whole matter became shrouded in controversy when only a few months later Dr. Fuhrer was convicted of forging other Buddhist remains, which threw doubt over the Piprahwa find also.
This documentary seeks to settle the controversy once and for all with the help of distinguished historian Charles Allen, who has written many books about India, including works about King Asoka and also about Dr Fuhrer.
Dharma, Archaeology, History, India, Relics
7 thoughts on “Bones of the Buddha”
Larry Rosenfeld says:
Lovely video, visually engrossing and finely told. Thank you so much for sharing and annotating, Bhante. I imagine — if you’ll allow me — your heart grew some when the Brahmi script glowed across the screen and Prakrit syllables punctuated the audio, yes? (And I had no idea Brahmi resembled the boxy scripts of the Greeks and Phoenicians 🙂 ) May you always know the deep joy and serenity your good works elicit in so many others.
Anandajoti says:
Hi Larry, much merit to you for the kind comment. I recently saw the inscription for myself when I visited Nepal, creating a link to the past.
Branko says:
Dear Bhante, very interesting documentary. What I didn’t understand from the film is what happened with the Buddha’s ashes. Where it is now? Is is lost or preserved.
Hi Branko,
Not sure if you still visit this website,
To answer your question, the majority of the ashes is at Wat Saket (Golden Mountain) in Bangkok, which was built by the Thai king, Rama V (Chulalongkorn) especially to hold these relics. Small portions were also given by the Thai King to Cambodia and other South East Asian countries.
Hope this helped cheers
Visakha Kawasaki says:
Some say the ashes are interred in the great stupa at Lauriya Nandangar.
w/metta,
Visakha and Ken
Hi Visakha, it maybe that the Lauirya Nandangarh is Pipphalivana (taken by the Moriyas); but I think what Branko was asking about is the ashes that were found in the relic chamber at Piprahwa (Kapilavastu), which were probably lost before it was discovered who they might have belonged to.
G Hunt says:
I do not believe Sidartha would have cared. All beings die, and are dependant arisings. Conditional. The honor paid him, is fitting however. He was a great thinker, who with logic and inspiration sorted through the the contradiction of existence. There is no special merit in his bones or lack of them.
https://dharma-documentaries.net/b/2Dy
Danino 3, Recent Findings on the Ganga-Vindhya Civilization
Archaeological Remains of Nalanda Mahavihara
Land of Buddha
The Story of Buddhism 01, Path of Compassion
Xuan Zang Memorial Centre, Nalanda
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DailyStuff
when Internet stopped and continued
EU, a drama unfolding
Post author By Hans Spaans
With the elections for the European Parliament behind us a drama starts to unfold in the countries that where at cradle of Europe. The same countries that where like the founding fathers of the Europe Union, the same countries that has one single goal and wish, the same countries that tried to build a new future after the second World War.
Now in the aftermath it is still unclear what is going to happen and a unpredictable future is something that should get everyone worried. The Labour party in the UK would suffer massive losses when the people would vote a for a new national parliament. The ruling parties in The Netherlands also would suffer massive losses infavor of right-wing and conservative parties. For some other counties like Spain the voting on Thursday by the Dutch where most likely the kickstart they needed.
This is now the second time that the people gave a strong signal and hopefully politicians will do something with it. As I fear the third time send out a signal, the signal may no be so gentle as now. I also fear the politicians will ignore it as they did with the previous signal in 2005 and decided that they where allowed to ignore it and create a workaround. But the future will bring us the news and hopefully it is going to be good news.
Tags 2009, EU
By Hans Spaans
Unix & security consultant with a passion for Linux, Solaris, PostgreSQL, Perl and network services, but also a strong believer in open and free source, standards and content.
← JavaOne 2009 → Linux 2.6.30
© 2021 DailyStuff
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ROY, Utah – Northrop Grumman Corporation (NYSE: NOC) celebrated the groundbreaking of a new facility today, near Hill Air Force Base, to serve as a future headquarters for its workforce and nationwide team supporting the Ground Based Strategic Deterrent (GBSD) program, with the opportunity to add 2,500 jobs in the state of Utah. A Future Tech Leader. After graduating with a degree in electrical and electronics engineering from the University of Florida, Mike joined Northrop Grumman’s three-year rotational Future Technical Leaders Program.
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Future Technical Leaders (FTLs) is a highly selective rotational program at Northrop Grumman that is strategically designed to accelerate the development for elite technical leaders. It provides professional development and networking opportunities for STEM graduate students and those working on post doctorates from some of the nation’s most ... Dec 16, 2020 · The average salary for a Supply Chain Manager is $83,857. Visit PayScale to research supply chain manager salaries by city, experience, skill, employer and more.
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Northrop Grumman Corporation (NYSE: NOC) is an American global aerospace and defense technology company. With 90,000 employees and an annual revenue in excess of $30 billion, it is one of the world's largest weapons manufacturers and military technology providers. Apr 17, 2020 · Northrop Grumman could receive a huge contract to build the Air Force's intercontinental ballistic missiles ahead of a planned September timeframe, a top Pentagon official told reporters on Thursday.
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Northrop Grumman Careers Locations - Northrop Grumman Northropgrumman.com At Northrop Grumman, we are 90,000 people – with jobs across all areas: air, cyber, land, sea and space. We are a global pioneering company with careers opportunities in all 50 states and around the world. CAS, TINA and Cost Allowability Northrop Grumman Corp. ASBCA No. 61775 Northrop froze a defined benefit pension plan, triggering a CAS 413 requirement to calculate the difference between the plan's... | December 20, 2020
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Find your ideal job at SEEK with 16 Northrop Grumman jobs found in All Australia. View all our Northrop Grumman vacancies now with new jobs added daily!
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This site uses two types of cookies: 1. Google Analytics Cookies for aggregate, anonymous statistics on the number of visits to the site. These cookies do not allow us to identify you. Nov 18, 2020 · The program personnel (both Northrop. Grumman and subcontractor) are located at six Mission Training Complexes (MTCs)and embedded with units in 50 states and 4 territories. The TOM directs thepreparation of technical support plans, operating budgets, program metrics, andregular and recurring status reports.
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At Northrop Grumman, we are 90,000 people - with jobs across all areas: air, cyber, land, sea and space. Careers in engineering, science and technology help us to work as one to defend and define the future.
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Shares of Northrop Grumman (NYSE:NOC) moved higher by 0.0% in pre-market trading after the company reported Q3 results.Quarterly Results Earnings per share were up 7.29% year over year to $5.89 ... At AECOM, we believe in potential. Efficient buildings. Faster transportation. Improved security. Healthier environments. Resilient cities. When you join a company that’s pioneering the future, your opportunities are unlimited. Nov 16, 2020 · Indeed named Northrop Grumman a top 15 company for work/life balance in 2019. We were rated #1 by Millennials on Indeed as the Best Company to work for in 2018.Principal Manufacturing Engineer - Assembly.
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Northrop Grumman Info Session Speaker Name: Stephen Allen,NGMS Technical Fellow Date: September 17, 2020 Time: 5pm - 6pm Title: Northrop Grumman Future Technical Leader Program Event Link: RSVP through Handshake, Event link posted here: tbd Bio: Steve is Northrop Grumman Mission Systems Technical Fellow with 30 years of experience at Northrop Grumman in signal processing and
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Hang tag design templateNorthrop Grumman broke out earlier, but is now around 4% below the prior 382.36 entry from a cup with handle.If a stock you're watching climbs above a buy point then declines 7% or more below the ... Amd ryzen 5 4800h vs i7 9750h
The average annual salary for experienced sales representatives past the entry-level is $56,000 per year. In most cases, the only educational requirements are a high school diploma or the equivalent, and training provided by the hiring company.
Jul 16, 2020 · Northrop Grumman Systems Corp. has a contract for up to $36 million worth of work on B-52 parts at its repair plant in southwest Louisiana. By Associated Press , Wire Service Content July 16, 2020
The top four defense contractors in 2010 (Lockheed Martin Corp, Northrop Grumman Corp, Boeing, Raytheon) – collectively accounting for almost $45 billion in government purchases – would hardly complain that our government is too large, nor would the communities affected by hurricanes Katrina or Sandy who sought and received considerable ...
Sep 24, 2020 · The Air Force earlier this month awarded Northrop Grumman a $13.3 billion contract ... increases that defense leaders have called for. ... could expand the capabilities of future Chinook heavy ...
Dec 04, 2020 · The average salary in AI concentrated industries is $127,960. That’s 3.9% above the national average and more than 70% more than a San Diego worker’s average salary.
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Northrop Grumman showed -3% earnings growth in its most recent report, while sales growth came in at 5%. The company earns the No. 9 rank among its peers in the Aerospace/Defense industry group.
And, you impact the future of engineering and technology. WE20 Join us in New Orleans, Louisiana this November for the world's largest conference and career fair for women engineers. Apr 15, 2016 · “At Northrop Grumman, we strive every day to promote diversity and inclusionbecause we understand it is the diversity of our people thatmakes the difference in our ability to be innovative and achieve top performance, to meet the critical needs of our customers and to support the communities where we live and work.” For instance, Northrop Grumman, which employs about 7,200 people statewide, has located the headquarters of its Electronic Systems sector at the BWI Thurgood Marshall Airport campus in Linthicum. Northrop is Maryland’s largest industrial employer and the largest single employer in Anne Arundel County, according to spokesman Jack Martin, Jr. Dec 23, 2020 · Software Engineering Manager at Northrop Grumman - At Northrop Grumman we develop cutting-edge technology that preserves freedom and advances human discovery. Our pioneering and inventive spirit Left handedNorthrop Grumman’s DA/RC prototype demonstrates JADC2 in a range of battlefield environments and does so utilizing multi-domain systems to enable 24/7 battlespace control. By controlling a large number of manned and unmanned assets with an integrated battle management approach for prolonged periods of time, companies like Northrop Grumman are ... .
The U.S. Government assigned Northrop Grumman the responsibility of acquiring launch services for this mission. We have procured the Falcon 9 launch service from SpaceX. "As a company, Northrop Grumman realizes this is a monumental responsibility and we have taken great care to ensure the most affordable and lowest risk scenario for Zuma.
Principal partners Northrop Grumman and BAE Systems build the center and aft fuselages, respectively. Northrop Grumman also brings its expertise in carrier aircraft and low-observable stealth technology to the F-35 program and supports logistics, sustainment, modeling and simulation and mission planning.
Jul 19, 2018 · Northrop Grumman President Kathy Warden. (Applause.) ... We’ve created 3.7 million jobs since the election. ... We’re also establishing an outside advisory board of industry leaders and ... Connect to your energy future We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it.
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David Attenborough Nonetheless Has Hope for Our Future
LONDON — Take away the state-of-the-art drones and the gyro-stabilized 4K cameras from the BBC’s newest blue-chip pure historical past sequence, “A Excellent Planet.” Strip out the luscious rating and the beautiful close-ups of nature at its most intimate.
What you’re left with are the identical clipped tones and breathy, awe-struck commentary that entertained and educated the viewers of grainy black-and-white nature applications within the Nineteen Fifties.
It’s arduous to seek out something in trendy tv that has endured for the reason that center of the final century. But there’s the British naturalist Sir David Attenborough and his reassuring, sometimes chiding, voice-of-God narration, just about undimmed by age, nonetheless lending gravitas and luster to sequences of lesser flamingos in Tanzania, land iguanas on the Galápagos Islands and flamboyant cuttlefish off the coasts of Indonesia.
Repeatedly voted each probably the most trusted and in style particular person in his residence nation, Attenborough often is the most traveled human in historical past. (For his landmark 1979 sequence “Life on Earth” alone, he traveled 1.5 million miles.) “If the world is, certainly, to be saved,” writes the environmental journalist and activist Simon Barnes, “then Attenborough could have had extra to do with its salvation than anybody else who ever lived.”
TV executives have been planning his retirement for greater than 30 years, however at 94, Attenborough remains to be on the high of his meals chain and being requested to entrance a number of the most lavish and costly productions to hit our screens.
His newest, which debuts on Jan. 4 in the USA on the streaming service Discovery+, was filmed in 31 nations over 4 years (and 6 volcanic eruptions). Throughout 5 episodes, it is going to look at the forces of nature that form all life: volcanoes, daylight, climate, oceans and the latest: people.
On a video name from his personal habitat — the book-lined examine of his residence within the leafy London suburb of Richmond — Attenborough talked about his 67 years onscreen, the silver lining of the pandemic and why Joe Biden had him leaping out of his chair. These are edited excerpts from the dialog.
Was there a scene in your new sequence that had probably the most poignant echo for you of one thing you noticed within the discipline a long time in the past — one thing that has been remodeled since by local weather change?
That’s not the main target of this explicit sequence — local weather change is what it’s not about. In a means, it’s an antidote to local weather change gloom. It’s exhibiting the extraordinary resilience of the pure world and the marvelous means through which every part interdigitates, simply types an ideal mesh. In a means, that’s a organic obviousness in that issues evolve to suit each other. In the event you’ve bought a 50-million-year circumstance, it’s not stunning it finally ends up interlocking in lots of varieties of how. It’s about how, the truth is, on this age, after we’re worrying a lot — and appropriately — in regards to the issues of the pure world, there are marvelous marvels to be seen and we’re exhibiting a few of them. We’ve had sufficient for the second about disasters.
Are there methods you hope we are able to come out of this pandemic with an improved likelihood of assembly our obligations to the planet?
I feel that what this pandemic has achieved, in a really unusual means, is made an terrible lot of individuals instantly conscious of how precious and necessary the pure world is to our psychic well-being. We’re busy about our methods, occurring the underground railway, dashing into places of work, turning on lights. I’m extra conscious of the modifications that there have been within the pure world, round London, than I’ve been in a long time. In the course of the summer time, I went for walks in my backyard twice a day, not less than. It’s solely a pocket-handkerchief dimension — it’s not a giant backyard — however nonetheless, there was one thing to be discovered, each time. And I used to be listening to birds. I’m a rotten hen watcher — I don’t know one hen from the opposite — however I do know a bit extra this 12 months than I did final, I’ll let you know that.
Are you stunned how little consideration has been given to the function our abuse of animals has performed on this pandemic — from the moist markets in Wuhan to mink farms in Denmark? We don’t appear to learn the way our exploitation of dwelling creatures can come again to chew us.
Properly, which may be so. The markets of the Far East are infamous. Everyone involved with animal welfare is aware of that these are the hellholes of the pure world, actually. I bear in mind seeing pangolins within the moist market in Indonesia in 1956. Whether or not there was a pandemic or not, there are components of the pure world the place animals are thought to be objects and handled as if that they had no feeling, with none sympathy of any variety. And it’s prevalent everywhere in the world. It’s a horrible factor to see.
With the departure of President Trump, we are going to nearly actually see a change when it comes to local weather coverage and treaties. Do you assume there’s nonetheless an opportunity to undo his cultural legacy?
Sure, I imply, we’re the spectators of what occurs over there. However the reality stays that the USA is likely one of the main driving forces on the earth. I’ve to say that on the Paris C.O.P. conferences [the United Nations Climate Change Conference in 2015], I used to be there with the British chief scientist, Sir David King. As we left the corridor collectively after the announcement that they have been going to signal, he mentioned: “We’re there! We’re there!,” and he was strolling on air.
When President Trump declared that they have been going to withdraw from that, it was an equally, commensurate-in-size blow and really, very gloomy certainly. I really jumped out of my chair after we heard Biden say he’ll renew membership of that settlement. I bought up and mentioned: “Rah! Rah!” [clenches his fists in the air]. This coming autumn, the conferences in Glasgow are going to be completely essential to the survival of the pure world. However with the USA again in there, the world can say, “Sure, we’re nonetheless in there with an opportunity.” And it’s solely an opportunity! It’s under no circumstances sure.
Are politicians ever candid with you one-to-one about why they’ve discovered it so arduous to make headway?
I do know why they discover it so arduous. They know that inside three, 4, 5 years, they’re going to be standing in entrance of the citizens once more and saying, “Put me again in energy.” It’s straightforward sufficient to pay lip service to the larger disasters, however for those who don’t ever look past your personal electoral life, you then’re quick altering the citizens.
The paradox, it appears, is that I assumed when the pandemic began, folks would say: “Oh effectively, don’t fear me about what’s going to occur in 50, 100 years’ time. I’m desperately anxious about what’s going to occur with the pandemic.” And folks did say [that last part], however they didn’t say the long run doesn’t matter. Quite the opposite, I really feel that the C.O.P. talks in Glasgow, which ought to have been nearly completed by now had the unique plan occurred, stand a greater likelihood of success in a couple of 12 months’s time. Extra individuals are conscious of the fragility and worth of the pure world on account of the pandemic.
I used to be struck by a line of yours about rockhopper penguins within the oceans episode: You mentioned their success is dependent upon each judgment and luck. How fortunate have you ever been, along with your profession having coincided with the arrival of tv and business air journey?
Sure, I feel for a naturalist, you would possibly say that my title for my profession can be: “A Excellent Profession.” I’ve been fantastically fortunate — it’s nothing to do with benefit however being there on the proper time. Having spent all my life trotting around the globe and getting different folks to pay for it in an effort to see probably the most fantastic issues you might ever want to see … how may I not however say that was an ideal profession? It was simply extremely lucky.
Dying has been such a presence this 12 months, and there’s loads of it on this sequence. Has a life spent finding out the pure world given you a more healthy perspective towards it?
I’ve a really, very wholesome perspective towards dying, yeah. [Laughs.] No, I don’t assume it’s modified me. In the event you’re a biologist, you’re at all times conscious of dying. And you understand how lengthy species dwell and what their optimum is and so forth.
Do you worry dying?
No, not notably. I must be considering extra about it as a result of individuals are going to clear up after me. I’m not fully detached to materials objects, and I take into consideration my poor son and daughter who’re going to have clear all of it up. That’s my important concern actually.
I used to be a paleontologist at college, and I’ve at all times liked fossils and so forth, so wherever I’ve gone on these journeys, I’m liable to place hunks of rock within the backside of my suitcase. If I have been an honest scientist, I’d have caught a label on every one. So what I’ve been doing on this pandemic is I’ve been into the cellar and located hunks of rock mendacity round there and considering, “What on Earth is that?”
Your voice was voted Britain’s greatest liked in a latest Virgin Media ballot. It’s an important instrument of your commerce. Over time, in what methods have you ever refined the way you ship your voice-over?
Properly, I feel, biologically, your voice modifications. Mine hasn’t modified all that a lot, really; I feel it’s dropped a bit in pitch. I’ve seldom seen a program that I’ve written and narrated the place I haven’t mentioned on the finish of it, “Not dangerous, however too many phrases.”
I feel the very best commentary is sort of the least commentary, and luckily one of many methods through which pure historical past editors work, not less than the very best ones, is that they make the story vivid in photos, and you may watch the story with none phrases in any respect. In the event you can see it within the image, you shouldn’t spend your time saying: “This can be a wonderful sight!” If the viewers aren’t satisfied by the images, you’re really making them really feel dissatisfied. So, by and huge, I eschew adjectives and metaphors and high-flown language and simply attempt to produce the info which are required to make sense of the images.
These days, you usually do solely the narration on these landmark sequence. What do you miss most about being out within the discipline?
Oh, simply the air. Simply being en plein-air, as they are saying. And the sound of the birds and one factor or one other. And blossoms. And having the ability to be proactive, having the ability to flip over that leaf to see what’s beneath it. Alastair [Fothergill, Attenborough’s executive producer] really paints birds, and that’s a means of focusing your consideration in regards to the pure world. I’m most likely the least proactive naturalist that I do know. I have a tendency simply to sit down round and simply watch.
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Roosevelt Island News
RIOC’s out of sight switch seeks benefit for pal Hudson-Related
By davidstone1313 on December 29, 2020 • ( 1 Comment )
In a last minute move, RIOC seeks a benefit for Hudson-Related, disregarding public wishes, at its December board meeting. The state agency wants the real estate giant off the hook for building promised restrooms at Firefighter’s Field. But there’s plenty of disturbing action going with it.
By David Stone
First up: a fantasy filled budget…
At a committee meeting held in preparation for the full board, CFO John O’Reilly said that Albany approved the unrealistic budget RIOC sent up the river in September.
RIOC’s plan for running a shadow helix bike ramp requires killing off trees and burying neglected public space. Among several spurious claims, the state agency says these obviously healthy crab apples are too sick for saving. The only sick thing amounts to demolishing still more trees here, this time for a bike ramp of little value to the majority of residents.
Whatever mirage state and local teams paint, the budget itself looks like something cooked up in Wonderland while magicians sprinkled fairy dust all around.
RIOC’s board will approve it, as they always do, and the net effect is putting off reality for a couple of seasons. The risks are concerning but not apparently to the board of enablers…. er, directors.
(The board meets on ZOOM tonight at 5:30. It’s public, and you can watch it here.)
Cancelling needed restrooms for unclear reasons…
Here’s the resolution RIOC seeks benefiting Hudson-Related. It appears on the agenda without prior notice, and it has not been discussed with residents.
“WHEREAS, pursuant to the Lease, Tenant was obligated to construct a comfort station in a location chosen by RIOC is Firefighter’s Field, with Tenant’s contribution to the cost of such construction capped at $1,000,000, and RIOC being obligated for all costs in excess of that amount; and
“WHEREAS, in light of the COVID-19 pandemic, RIOC has determined that the funds thatwould have been used to construct the comfort station would be better directed to other construction projects on Roosevelt Island that would benefit the health and safety of the residents of Roosevelt Island…”
Approving this plan, the board confronts — or dodges — two immediate problems as RIOC seeks benefits for Hudson-Related…
First, Hudson-Related never started work on the restrooms, although they signed the deal two years ago. Were they waiting for more pliable management?
And second, RIOC’s secretive inner circle never identifies any other projects “benefiting the health and safety of the residents…”
That’s pure fudge, and it would never fly past a board made up of responsible and engaged directors.
And if it’s clean, why push it through without prior discussion? Why not allow residents some input? Lack of such facilities has long been a concern, and what “project” is more important?
Firefighter’s field attracts plenty of activity in normal times. So, where do the biologically needy go? Of course, RIOC has no answer.
RIOC seeks Hudson-Related benefits, but it’s not clear why.
RIOC wants to take out some more trees and replace them with bicycles from Queens…
It gets worse…
The next resolution asks approval that “RIOC is hereby authorized to place the Bike Ramp within the Helix ramp, substantially as set forth in the Memorandum from Prince R. Shah to RIOC Board of Directors / Shelton J. Haynes, dated December 9, 2020…”
That resolution is a doozy.
First, fewer than 10% of New Yorkers ride bikes, according to recent statistics, but that isn’t even daily ridership. It’s as little as once a week. That includes weekend riders, but RIOC still believes this warrants destroying a half-dozen trees and a small, but neglected park.
At the same time, it makes our promenades even less usable by anyone other than bike riders.
And RIOC’s administration twists facts like amateur pretzels because that’s the only way this makes sense.
Garbled rationale as RIOC seeks benefiting Hudson-Related by creating an illusion…
A clumsily constructed rationale for the costly bike ramp sets the stage…
“The increasing popularity of the Roosevelt Island outdoor spaces, including Four Freedoms Park and awareness of sustainable transportation methods, virtually guarantees an increasing presence of bicycles on the Island.”
But the writer offers no evidence of “increasing popularity,” although the whole project rests on this premise. In addition, the proposal gives no indication of how RIOC will manage this supposed “increasing presence of bicycles…”
It’s clear that Public Safety either cannot or will not prevent bikes of all types from dominating the promenades, which many now consider unsafe for pedestrians. Certainly, children can’t play freely anymore, and where are all those bikes going to park? Racks are already full.
If RIOC has answers, they aren’t anywhere in the documents. But that may be less of a concern because there’s no genuine reason for anticipating any great increase in bikes. The likely truth is, RIOC’s got money to blow, and this happy biking fantasy fits in with Hudson-Related’s vision for Roosevelt Island.
Read the awkwardly sketched memo here, but this explanation for tearing out more trees is typical of the whole mess:
“Existing crab apple trees within the void will be lost. An arborist study was conducted to determine the health of these trees. All six trees suffer from exposed roots and various levels of trunk and tree rot. Due to their age, transplanting of these trees is not recommended as their survival is not guaranteed.”
As with the rest of this mess, no “arborist study” is in evidence, and you can check out these allegedly sick trees yourself. They’ve blossomed every year for decades, including the last year, with no signs of illness or decline.
Will Trader Joe’s Market Open in the UES Soon?
After 10 Years of Hudson-Related’s Shops-On-Main, Is It Better, the Same, Worse?
Bicycle Riders At Risk
Unanswered Questions: Really, Why Did RIOC Destroy Southpoint Park?
Great MTA Idea. Can RIOC Follow and Save Main Street?
Miscellany, just for laughs… if you’re into dark humor…
Of course, while RIOC seeks many Hudson-Related benefits, one area is free of them, but it’s not free of the taint of stupid.
At the last Audit Committee meeting, VP O’Reilly noted that charging stations had been installed in Motorgate, benefiting those of us parking out electric vehicles there. He mentioned earning $49 the first day, and board member Michael Shinozaki chuckled about earning for a change.
A few weeks later, RIOC released a glowing statement from acting president/CEO Shelton Haynes about the marvel of these charging stations no one who lives here is likely to use.
But as so often is the case with RIOC, what’s missing from the picture?
RIOC spent $70,545 connecting the charging stations to the Motorgate garage.
The dark humor?
That’s approximately the amount the state agency refused spending on holiday decorations and a tree lighting, this year.
Now, that’s dark, but here’s the kicker.
That benefited Hudson-Related because it let them off the hook for a matching amount.
Last for 2020, RIOC board brings hope, but struggles linger
RIOC Operations Committee Shows Growth But Has No Roots
Hey, RIOC! Why You Must Save This Space Now
RIOC board member, clear conflicts of interest, big votes, but why no disclosure…?
Already in full bunker mode, RIOC now digs in deeper
Categories: Roosevelt Island News
Tagged as: bike ramp, Hudson Related, RIOC, RIOC Board, Roosevelt Island
NYPD Special Ops Saves a Little Dog Stranded Under the Roosevelt Island Bridge…
MTA Urged to Look Beyond Fares and Tolls to Keep Subways and Buses Moving
Pingback: Last for 2020, RIOC board brings hope, but struggles linger - Assorted Ideas, Large & Small
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Six startups recently earned seed funding at the 2020 TREP Expo, held virtually for the very first time this year across all three Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University campuses. The…
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Eagle Takes 2nd Place in Launch Your Venture
O’Maley College of Business graduate Spencer Churchill took second place at Launch Your Venture, winning $5,000 in cash and valuable pro bono services for legal, marketing and financial issues. His venture Pistachio seeks to disrupt the real estate market by introducing proprietary block chain technology to streamline backroom operations and challenge the legacy business model.
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The objective of this Ph.D. program in Aviation Business Administration is to educate Ph.D. level students and professionals in conducting state of the art research in this important field of study. The degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Aviation Business Administration will be conferred in recognition of creative accomplishment and the ability to investigate scientific or business research problems independently. The doctorate degree also recognizes the potential for completion of advanced coursework that helps students build a solid foundation for Ph.D.-level research.
Learn more about this doctoral degree
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daytonabeach@erau.edu
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Department of Management, Marketing and Operations
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Home > Resources > DBS Data, Mailbird and Swoon
DBS Data, Mailbird and Swoon
Established in 2012, Swoon, is a UK design-led online brand with a mission to create distinctive designs that last for generations and sell at affordable prices.
When the company took the decision to use direct mail as an acquisition only campaign for the first time, it turned to DBS Data’s partner, Mailbird, following an introduction from the Royal Mail. Together, the two data-driven marketing companies delivered a campaign that resulted in product lines selling out, coupled with return-on-investment statistics that far exceeded independent research predictions.
Focusing on highest quality look-a-like data and not volume
For Swoon’s first direct mail campaign, DBS identified 25,000 affluent prospects that should be the first to receive its high-quality 32-page A5 printed catalogue. DBS’s team of data experts use advanced profiling techniques, statistical modelling and insight analytics, interrogating its B2C Data Universe, dbsLifebase – which holds insights relating to more than 35 million individuals in 21 million households – to identify those who should receive the mailing.
Client Relationship Manager at DBS Data, Nathan Rose, explains: “We conducted a detailed analysis of Swoon’s existing market segments and within just a few days our team was able to accurately pinpoint potential customers with the highest propensity to respond positively to the campaign.”
Group Sales Director at Mailbird, Chris Rothwell comments: “The campaign with Swoon encapsulated two of the major reasons why we prefer to work with DBS for our data needs. Firstly, we value their consultative approach and the attention to detail with regards to understanding what the client needs and wants. The team presents us with fresh ideas and approaches for us to consider and take to the client. Also, they prioritise quality over the quantity of data.”
Rose adds: “Volume is important but the key to building longevity with our partners and their customers is to consistently deliver the very best quality compliant data, to achieve the overall campaign objectives.”
Industry beating 2.1% response rate and 23 times return-on advertising spend
The campaign was fulfilled in June and the results were tremendous, more than doubling the results predicted by a bespoke JICMAIL data analysis, conducted at the start of Mailbird’s work with Swoon to demonstrate the potential impact of direct mail on its sales. The 2.1 percent response rate and a return-on-advertising spend in excess of 23 times translated into new revenue of more than £300,000. Rothwell observes how timing and unique circumstances contributed to its success: “The catalogue was delivered during the height of the Covid-19 lockdown, during which time spending on household goods skyrocketed.”
Direct mail now an essential element of Swoon’s marketing strategy
The results of the campaign have led Swoon to make direct mail a firm part of its ongoing marketing strategy, including a pre-Christmas mailing planned for November. “This campaign is the perfect example of a company with great products eager to try something new but needing the reassurance that their investment would deliver a return on marketing,” concludes Rothwell. “The pre-campaign analysis with JICMAIL, our development of a compelling creative, teamed with DBS’s high-quality prospect data, and timely fulfilment, has together resulted in a client’s expectations being exceeded.”
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Deep State Tribunal
Senate hangs in balance as Trump lashes out at Republicans
The following story is brought to you courtesy of The Washington Free Beacon. Click the link to visit their page and see more stories.
Former vice president Joe Biden was in Georgia on Monday to rally support for Democrats in the upcoming Senate elections that could determine control of the upper chamber.
No one cared, obviously, especially not the press. Just like they didn’t care that Biden’s running mate, Kamala Harris, was busted for plagiarizing the life story of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.
All cameras were pointed at President Donald Trump, who rolled up to an airfield in Dalton, Ga., exiting Marine One to the tune of “Macho Man,” steeped in a fresh scandal of his own making, for what might have been the last true campaign rally of his presidency. He did not disappoint.
The current vice president, Mike Pence, was also in the state attempting to boost turnout for incumbent Sens. David Perdue (R., Ga.) and Kelly Loeffler (R., Ga.). But whereas Pence’s remarks were what most political strategists would consider “on message”—stressing the importance of electing GOP senators as a “last line of defense” against Democratic misrule—Trump stayed true to himself and told the strategists where to stick their messaging.
“There’s no way we lost Georgia. That was a rigged election,” Trump said. He proceeded to expose the journalists in attendance as “communists” who “hate our country,” berate the Supreme Court for “not stepping up to the plate,” and promise to help defeat the state’s “incompetent” Republican governor, Brian Kemp, along with its “crazy secretary of state,” Brad Raffensperger.
In between chants of “Fight for Trump!” and “Stop the Steal!” the president called on Pence to “come through for us” on Jan. 6., when the vice president will oversee (or perhaps challenge) the congressional certification of the electoral college vote, enshrining Biden’s victory. If not, Trump said, “I won’t like him quite as much.” Appearing alongside Trump on Monday, Loeffler announced her intention to protest the results.
Trump also criticized the Democrats running for Senate in Georgia: Jon Ossoff, a 33-year-old trust fund kid with questionable China ties who “produces” “documentaries,” and Rev. Raphael Warnock, an alleged abuser (domestic and child) who is vigorously skeptical of police officers and nation states controlled by Jews. They were, Trump said, “the most extremist liberal candidates. . .probably in the history of our country.”
A Democratic-controlled Senate, the president warned, would grant radical leftists “unchecked, unrestrained absolute power over every aspect of your lives,” including the ability to send “MS-13 gang members straight into your children’s schools.” Tuesday’s election, Trump declared, was a “biggie” not just for the future of the country, but also for the future of his ongoing reelection campaign.
Toward the end of the night, Donald Trump Jr., the GOP frontrunner for president in 2024, looked on as his sister, Ivanka, was called on stage with their father at the crowd’s urging. The people of Georgia, she said, had a chance to proved that “freedom is alive and well in America.”
The journalists in the crowd, meanwhile, presumably tuned out as Trump continued to fume about consent decrees, “human drop boxes,” and signatures in Fulton County. They didn’t want freedom to win on Tuesday, but they also didn’t want Trump to leave the stage just yet. They longed for the glory days of 2016, and mourned the loss of ratings (and purpose) to come.
As if on cue, Trump graciously indulged their nostalgia with the deftness of a seasoned entertainer. Hillary Clinton must be “the most unhappy person anywhere in the United States,” he said. She’s probably wondering why the Democrats didn’t bother to steal the election for her. Trump’s supporters also longed for the glory days, instantly breaking out into chants of “Lock Her Up!”
The Morning Briefing: Frightening Question—Who Will Be Running Biden’s Brain?
BOOM! Dem Impeachment Show DASHED To Pieces After GOP Rep EXPLODES with BRUTAL House Floor Speech
Ocasio-Cortez Humiliates Herself After Weaponizing Capitol Riots Again
BOOM! Dem Impeachment Show DASHED To Pieces After GOP Rep EXPLODES...
Joe Biden’s Weird Version of Goebbels’ Big Lie
Watch: Mark Levin Shreds Rushed Impeachment Report Like Nancy Pelosi Ripping...
© 2021 Deep State Tribunal. All Rights Reserved.
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Battlespace Tech
Directed energy weapons making a great leap forward
By David C. Walsh
Paul Shattuck is director and chief engineer for Directed Energy Systems at Lockheed Martin Space Systems Co. He’s been with Lockheed since 1974, with a focus area of the development of beam control technologies for High Power Laser Directed Energy Systems. He spent most of the 1980s developing and testing beam control technologies for the Strategic Defense Initiative, culminating in a simulated ground demonstration of a pace-based laser engagement of enemy ballistic missiles for President Reagan in November 1987. For 15 years he held various leadership roles on the Airborne Laser (ABL) program, including program director during the design and development phase, and Remote Site Test Director leading the team responsible for integration of the beam control/fire control system on the Airborne Laser and for all ground and flight tests
He recently spoke with Defense Systems contributor David Walsh about ramped-up interest in directed energy (d-e) technology and laser (“beam”) weapons, including Lockheed’s ATHENA test, in which a laser burned through a truck engine a mile distant.
Defense Systems: Since Hughes Corp.’s research division demonstrated the first laser in 1960, have the various types and sizes and wattages on offer from industry, DARPA and its kin changed fundamentally?
Paul Shattuck: The most significant change has been the transition from chemical lasers to fiber lasers in the last decade, which has real implications on size [and] on wattage. The fiber laser weapons we’re developing at Lockheed Martin [for example], require less platform “prime” power and cooling to place the most energy-on-target to defeat threats at a longer range. The approach scales with advancements in higher power and lower weight solutions.
The lasers also have a better efficiency rate, allowing greater use of power to generate a high-quality beam that requires less time to dwell and successfully eliminate the target.
DS: There’s been a dizzying sort of wafting and waning of interest in weaponized directed energy – what’s called directed energy weapons (DEW). To what period and what circumstances do you trace this slow evolution-to-warp speed revolution process? Certainly there seems a big ramp-up in DEW interest and activity.
Shattuck: We are at the convergence of laser weapon technology maturity - and tactical mission needs - in the new threat environment like swarms of drones or small boats, for example. On the technology side, [government and industry are] leveraging advancements in fiber optic communications and the power scale from industrial drilling and cutting applications to developing beam-combination techniques. That lets us create a single, high-power laser beam.
Lockheed's Paul Shattuck
We’re also taking advantage of data and image processing speeds from the video game industry to make the beam control system more accurate and precise.
Meanwhile, rockets, mortars and small-unmanned aerial systems are presenting an increased threat around the world... Customers are looking for precise, affordable, rapid-response firepower to defend against these threats. Laser weapon systems can fill that gap.
DS: Reports indicate your firm is fast moving or leading in development of 100-kilowatt and 300-kilowatt laser guns for the Army and possibly Air Force, and that they should be available/deployable by 2022. Please give a snapshot of the technology and a few of the likely uses by the armed forces and Homeland Security.
Shattuck: Lockheed Martin has been investing internal research and development funding to mature the technologies and integrated system operation. We started by developing a ground-based 10-kilowatt prototype using a commercial laser, a program we call Area Defense Anti-Munitions, or ADAM. In 2012 and 2013, ADAM shot down 19 small-caliber Quassam-like rockets and an unmanned aerial system in flight. We also disabled two Zodiak-type boats.
In 2014, we scaled up power by integrating our Lockheed Martin 30-kilowatt ALADIN laser with the ADAM architecture and beam control to create our Advanced Test High Energy Asset, or ATHENA, prototype. In our early testing, ATHENA stopped the engine of a truck, and last year we defeated four quad copter drone targets.
Last year, we began production of at 60-kilowatt system for a U.S. Army vehicle – the first laser built using a modular technique. The Army has the option to add more modules and increase power from 60 kilowatts to 120 kilowatts as a result of the laser’s modularity.
As we’ve demonstrated in our testing so far, these ground-based systems can defend against close-in rockets, mortars and unmanned aerial vehicles.
DS: And beyond the terrestrial?
PS: We have also demonstrated air applications for laser weapon systems with our DOD customers. We developed the beam control system for the Missile Defense Agency’s airborne laser that shot down a boosting ballistic missile in 2010. That system used a megawatt-class chemical laser, but it was a strategic mission in which the target was in front of the aircraft.
Today, we are looking at tactical missions that require that a laser weapon system be able to fire in virtually any direction, which means we had to overcome the aircraft’s atmospheric wake that would scatter the laser beam. In about 60 flight tests of Aero-adaptive Aero-optic Beam Control, or ABC, turret design for [the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency] and the [Air Force Research Lab], we demonstrated that we can counteract turbulence, which is an important step for integrating lasers onto aircraft.
Air-based laser weapon systems can offer flexibility and precision for self-defense against aircraft, missiles and weapons on the ground. They also have offensive potential, including precision ground attack against defended targets or swarms of attack boats.
DS: SECNAV Mabus at the Directed Energy Summit last year signaled the need for much closer stakeholder ties, melding government agencies, the national labs, think tanks, DOD, industry, academia, so the U.S. can “stay ahead of the threat.”
PS: Those [connections] are critical. That’s how we’re going to get directed energy technology into the hands of our warfighters. A great example of that was our ABC turret program, which was a partnership of AFRL, DARPA, Lockheed Martin, the University of Notre Dame, Georgia Tech Research Institute and several small businesses.
DS: From industry's, and by indirection your DOD partners' viewpoint, are we playing catch-up to the bad guys in D-E offense in similar fashion to cyber offense - where some assert we've lagged due to our longtime focus on the cyber defense piece?
PS: Directed energy offers the ability to cost-effectively counter asymmetric threats, both offensively and defensively.
DS: Are we adequately positioning ourselves technologically to get the jump on the enemy, or, at least, to fight fire with fire? The Naval Research Lab, Naval Postgraduate School and others are developing counter- d-e programs. Are you likewise engaged?
PS: Yes, we are looking at countermeasures to directed energy to ensure systems’ effectiveness.
DS: Given that commercial airliners in the U.S. are increasingly “lased,” how aggressively are the Pentagon, industry, electronic warfare offices and the d-e community overall working to confront not just bored kids with laser pointers, but tech-savvy enemies with advanced tools and lethal intent?
PS: Lasers provide one option to defend an area such as an airport.
DS: In particular, from yours and other top contractors' point of view, what are the most pressing or daunting threats, or troubling tech challenges, to the deployed force and the homeland – that is, the types of lasers and possible countermeasures?
PS: We’ve demonstrated that laser weapon systems can defeat the threats, so I think the greatest challenge is continuing on the growth path to shrink size while increasing power – and getting that technology to the users.
DS: Where do the threats originate? Do you see ISIS, for one, as acquiring worrisome stand-off capabilities?
PS: [Threats] are global, both state and non-state actors from the air and at sea.
DS: What solutions in the d-e toolbox are reckoned to be effective for enemy challenges, tactical, strategic or otherwise; like perhaps multiple swarms of enemy drones?
PS: Laser weapon systems will bring advantages of speed, flexibility, precision and low cost per engagement. Regardless of whether the weapon is mounted on an air, ground or sea platform, our warfighters are going to need that capability to address future threats – like swarms.
DS: Are all bets off should the drone swarms be carrying lasers or chemical and biological weapons?
PS: Because of the small size of drones, they are not going to be able to carry a very powerful laser. They won’t have much effect against a much larger ground or sea system.
DS: In your ATHENA demo - using what SECNAV Mabus would call an emerging operational capability – a tactical laser melted part of a truck engine. But the vehicle was static. How long before the same task could be accomplished against an enemy's armed vehicle on the move – and at what speeds?
PS: The technology and the systems are capable of taking out a truck on the move. Speed-of-light [186,000 m.p.h.] weapons have destroyed rockets and small boats, so we know we can defeat moving targets.
DS: Along similar lines, how did the Athena laser differ from what the Navy's USS Ponce demos used on moving craft?
PS: The primary difference is our approach to use spectral beam combination to increase the power of the laser to send one beam, compared to discrete laser devices incoherently combined on the target.
DS: Which '’laser gun” systems may be employed for dual offensive and defense?
PS: I think we’re most likely to see dual systems on aircraft, where size and weight are limiting factors. Laser weapons are going to have to buy their way onto airborne platforms by fulfilling multiple missions. In general, most defensive laser systems could be used offensively as needed.
DS: Some are expected to boast variable power settings for a range of missions. Which types of lasers are, so to say, handiest in this regard? And, in basic terms, how do they work?
PS: That’s one of the advantages of a fiber laser; you can dial the effect by applying more or less power. As an example, we can vary power to blind a camera on a drone, take out the camera or bring down the entire drone.
DS: Lockheed Martin last year announced a solution to turbulence, which can cause laser beans to go awry. What are the implications including safe fire for this phenomenon, and does the buffeting more greatly affect low- or high-power beams?
PS: We’re working up to laser weapon systems that could operate on fighter aircraft.
DS: Again on d-e inter-connections and sharing: how wide-ranging among the military, DARPA, the federal agencies and defense contractors? Broader and deeper than in the past? Everyone pretty much on board?
PS: Yes, we’re seeing a lot of collaboration between the services and industry.
DS: What’s your take on ground-based lasers against small-boat exploits, and smaller rockets and artillery shells or mortars?
PS: This is the capability we’re demonstrating with our ADAM and ATHENA lasers. The technology is coming of age as a realistic solution for ground platforms against small, close-in threats.
DS: Please address the cost differential issue: DEWs are expensive on the front end, lots cheaper on the back than kinetics.
PS: We are on the wrong side of the cost curve to defend against small, slow, low-flying threats. Our customers shouldn’t have to use a munition worth tens of thousands of dollars to defeat a $600 drone. With lasers, as long as you have fuel, you essentially have unlimited bullets. And you don’t need to cover logistics and storage for munitions.
DS: So, beam weapons can be made powerful enough for the variety of the tasks the services and others are bound to ask of them?
PS: Yes, our goal is to continue to advance the technology to achieve incremental increases and reach operationally relevant SWaP – size, weight and power.
DS: What are the implications of milestones met and dramatic demos like yours and the Navy’s U.S.S. Ponce experiences – where a laser beam destroyed a drone from a ship on the high seas?
PS: We’re showing that the technology is advancing and proving that it can be used against new threats on various platforms. Plus, we’re learning the collateral benefits of these systems. Our prototypes send out low-power lasers to collect data on the atmospheric conditions and distance to the target. This data is enabling the battle commander to identify targets at much longer ranges to increase situational awareness dramatically.
The Navy is gathering important information about rules of engagement and how to use lasers on the operational battlefield, that will set precedents for how lasers are deployed going forward.
DS: What are highest hurdles the Pentagon must overcome technically or otherwise before provable DEW systems are deployment-ready in the various battle spaces?
PS: Primarily, identifying the tactics, techniques and procedures needed to determine how systems will be deployed. That’s what will create a program of record and get the technology to warfighters.
DS: What impact will a DOD Program of Record designation for various relevant military entities have on the contracting world?
PS: We see the great potential for this technology across multiple platforms. That’s why we’re investing our [Independent Research and Development] to lay the groundwork. We want to be ready to address customers’ requirements and get laser systems to the users.
How DOD can plan for the pandemic’s next wave by eliminating network choke points
Hackers breaking into networks without SolarWinds, CISA says
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March 27, 2013 April 1, 2013 / Don
Delete All Mail on iOS 6+
It always frustrated me that you have to delete POP3 messages individually on iOS 6+. If you have IMAP set-up for your accounts, they’ll automatically delete with each deleted message on your PC or other devices, however,POP3 doesn’t sync in the same way that IMAP does.
Naturally, Google implemented the easy and obvious option of deleting all mail on your phone with the click of a button. Apple, however, is a company that consistently thinks they know what’s best for you. Deleting emails individually is a surefire way to ensure you’re not accidentally deleting an email you need or haven’t yet read, spam included. I think of this as Apple’s version of eating your vegetables.
After much searching and tinkering, however, I’d nailed down the process of clearing my inboxes at the end of the night, an arduous task that used to involve 100+ clicks while sitting on the train-ride home. This process has reduced the number of clicks substantially to just five.
Note that I’ve added an additional step to clear the badge from the home screen mail icon, which taunts of phantom messages if this step is excluded.
Click the Mail icon and go to “All Inboxes”
Press the “Edit” button and select the first message.
Hold down “Mark” and, with it still depressed, deselect the first message.
Release the “Mark” button and click “Mark as Read”
Click the “Edit” button and select the first message.
Hold down “Move” and, with it still depressed, deselect the first message.
Release the “Move” button and click the Trash folder.
That’s it, you’re done!
Update: 04/01/2013: Well, it truly is April Fool’s Day. Apparently, using the above method, the emails are deleted from the inbox and moved to the trash until you switch mailboxes and return to the “All Inboxes” folder, where they mysteriously return. Bah, Apple. You’ve done it again. Either way, you can still use the above method to “Mark as Read” all messages, removing the badge from your home screen mail icon. But, you’ll still see the “read” messages in the list when visiting “All Inboxes” and the folder size will continue to grow until you manually delete the messages one-by-one. Frustrating, innit?
Category: Informational
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How to Stay Safe and Support Downtown Raleigh Businesses Right Now Read More
Arts, Culture, and Entertainment
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Six Things to Do for Family Fun in Downtown Raleigh
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Article provided by the Greater Raleigh Convention and Visitors Bureau/visitRaleigh.com.
With a mix of down-home Southern charm and modern influences, the Raleigh area is a hub for families looking for both tried-and-true and new experiences. And downtown Raleigh offers a lot of those! Check out this quick list of family-friendly activities to round-out your weekend (or week day) itinerary.
In developing Marbles Kids Museum (pictured in header), president/director Sally Edwards designed a place for hands-on exhibits, never-ending fun and the chance for kids to learn while they play. Check out the Around Town exhibit, where kids can explore the community through costumes, imagination, playsets, props and more, or Toddlers Hollow, where children under three can practice crawling, walking and balancing on the meandering bridge, uncover a pixie hideaway and dress up as a forest creature. Another highlight is the new TreeTunes exhibit, with a giant banjo you can play with your feet! The museum also includes the Marbles IMAX, boasting N.C.’s only certified 3D-capable giant screen. Take home some fun toys at the Marbles Corner Store.
https://www.instagram.com/p/BqzyWtwlT8g/
Raleigh has dozens of arts events to experience with your kids, including musicals and plays at the Duke Energy Center for the Performing Arts, exhibitions at various art galleries like CAM Raleigh and Artspace and more. Relax and enjoy some of Raleigh’s finest arts offerings.
https://www.instagram.com/p/Bq-6eV3lWcO/
The North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences offers both educational and entertaining exhibits, perfect for families. The Southeast’s largest natural history museum is all contained inside four floors across two wings. Kids will love the museum’s Discovery Room with hands-on activities, the Prehistoric North Carolina exhibit featuring dinosaur fossils and the “Terror of the South,” plus the live animals in areas such as Tropical Connections and the Living Conservatory. Learn and interact with N.C. nature! Bonus: Admission is free!
https://www.instagram.com/p/BqGMe3Fn-vA/
At the museum of history (another free-admission museum downtown!), families can explore 14,000 years of N.C. history. Get one of the gallery-themed backpacks for younger kids, filled with activities to help you explore the North Carolina Sports Hall of Fame, The Story of North Carolina exhibit and the history of our state's American Indians. Also, visit on the first or second Tues. of every month for the Time for Tots event where kids three to five years learn about N.C. history through a hands-on project and a story. There are also some great programs for older kids—check those out here!
https://www.instagram.com/p/Bq0OAXpHYtq/
Explore and Shop at Read With Me and Briggs Hardware
Read a few books and shop at children’s book store and art shop Read With Me, owned and operate by Christine Brenner, a former school librarian and teacher. Packed with a great selection of contemporary, high-quality and diverse children’s books for ages up to 17, Read With Me also hosts story time and craft events, cartooning and drawing classes and more. For more shopping, next door is the charming Briggs Hardware general store, with fun toys (including Melissa & Doug!) and candy.
https://www.instagram.com/p/BpcHCW_gCRh/
Tour Videri Chocolate Factory
Videri Chocolate Factory is truly a chocolate lover’s paradise! Housed in the historic downtown Raleigh Depot building in the Warehouse District, Videri is crafting chocolate in the heart of the City of Oaks. Videri offers up self-guided tours, available any time—upon entering, look for the posted signs throughout the factory so you can easily read your way through the whole chocolate-making process with your kids. After learning about the chocolate-making process, head over the retail counter to sample a few of Videri’s classic bars. Samples typically include their classic dark chocolate, dark chocolate with sea salt and dark milk chocolate. Pick your favorites and purchase a few bars to take home with you (because you know the kids will be asking for more!).
See more articles like this on visitRaleigh.com!
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Does Joker Play In Birds Of Prey?
Did Harley Quinn kill the Joker?
Why did joker dump Harley?
Is Poison Ivy in birds of prey?
How much older is Joker than Harley?
Where is the joker in birds of prey?
Did Harley Quinn and Joker have a baby?
Who is the Joker’s new girlfriend?
Does Harley Quinn appear in Joker movie?
Does Joker have a son?
What disorder does Harley Quinn have?
Does the Joker appear in birds of prey?
Who’s playing the Joker in birds of prey?
Why is there no Joker in birds of prey?
Why did Harley Quinn go crazy?
Does Joker love Harley?
The latest issue of Batman: Curse of the White Knight has made history with its shocking twist to Bruce Wayne’s family history, but that’s just the beginning..
While not as dysfunctional as past versions, the toxic nature of Harley Quinn and Joker’s relationship is present in Suicide Squad. Annoyed with Harleen’s insistence on being in his life, Joker takes her to a vat of chemicals and asks her to fall into them to prove her love.
Birds of Prey subtly sets up a romance plot between Harley Quinn and Poison Ivy – but it promises to be very different to either the comics or Batman: The Animated Series. … But the animation style of that brief shot is important, because the girl is identical to the Poison Ivy of Batman: The Animated Series.
Harley might be between 25–30 years old, and Joker might be 40–50 years old. In reality, Harley Quinn has been around for 27 years since her debut in the 90s Batman animated series, while the Joker has been around for 80 years since his debut in the comics.
Margot Robbie has explained why The Joker won’t be in Birds of Prey. The film, a spin-off starring her Harley Quinn character, will not include Jared Leto’s Joker character so as not to detract from Quinn’s own story, according to Robbie.
Lucy Quinzel is the daughter of the Joker and Harley Quinn, and the niece of Delia Quinzel.
Joker’s New Girlfriend Punchline’s Killer Origin Revealed. DC Comics has finally revealed the killer origin of Punchline, the Joker’s new girlfriend.
The film is going to star Jared Leto as The Joker, yet again, and cast Margot Robbie by his side as Harley Quinn, like in Suicide Squad.
In “The Killing Joke”, his unborn son passed away when Jeannie Napier (Joker’s wife) died in a household accident. In the comics, he has a daughter named Lucy whom he doesn’t know exists. In “Batman Beyond”, he has two granddaughters named Delia and Deidre. … Main continuity Joker does not have any known kids, though.
Personality Disorder, specifically, Histrionic Personality Disorder plays a key part in Harley Quinn’s life. People with Histrionic Personality Disorder are “pervasive and excessive emotionally and display attention-seeking behavior” (Bornstein 1998).
If you’ve seen Birds of Prey, then you already know. The Joker barely appears in it, and even when he does, it doesn’t seem like Leto is playing him. Birds of Prey briefly uses some clips of Harley Quinn’s origin story from Suicide Squad, scenes in which Leto’s Joker was present, but the movie never actually shows him.
J please stand up? After the brief, fuzzy appearance by the Joker in a flashback scene in Birds of Prey, fans were left wondering just who it was filling the iconic villain’s clown shoes. Now, we know: it was California musician Johnny Goth, standing in for Jared Leto, who held down the role in 2016’s Suicide Squad.
Jared Leto’s Joker won’t appear in the upcoming DC movie “Birds of Prey,” and actress and producer Margot Robbie said that his absence was intentional. … She said that there was a gap in the market for female ensemble action films. Visit Insider’s homepage for more stories.
It is stated the reason Harley pursued psychiatry was to understand her own broken family. The character’s origin story relates that Harleen Quinzel was once a psychiatrist at Arkham Asylum and was assigned to treat the Joker.
In most depictions of the relationship Joker does not show any love for Harley (but who knows what goes on in his head anyway) in other depictions the Joker loves Harley just as much as she loves him and sometimes more.
Quick Answer: What Are The 15 Types Of Energy?
What are the 13 types of energy? Terms in this set
Is Ruroc Snell Approved?
What is the best motorcycle helmet for the money?
Quick Answer: What Is Important To Know About Science?
What is the relationship between the good life and science?
Question: How Many Types Of Garment Patterns Are There?
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Question: What Is A Legal Shot In 8 Ball Pool?
What is a legal shot in pool? Legal shots require that
Question: Does Painting A Second Coat Make It Darker?
Does paint go darker when dry? An interesting phenomenon
Quick Answer: How Do I Order From China?
Can you order fireworks from China? In the pyrotechnics
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Did Vader ever visit Padme’s grave?
Quick Answer: What Does Value Mean In Artwork?
How do you know if artwork is valuable? Unless someone
Is Monopoly Fun With 2 Players?
Is monopoly a two player game? Monopoly can be played
Quick Answer: How Do You Make A Girl Not Boring Over Text?
What should I text a girl I like? How to Text a Girl
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What is the most serious type of heart arrhythmia?
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Question: Does Formaldehyde Have Another Name?
How can you protect yourself from formaldehyde?
How dangerous is formaldehyde?
What is the formula of formaldehyde?
Is there alcohol in formaldehyde?
What are the components of formaldehyde?
What is formaldehyde also known as?
What does formaldehyde do to the body?
Can formaldehyde kill you?
What are symptoms of formaldehyde exposure?
What are the side effects of formaldehyde exposure?
Where is formaldehyde found?
Does formaldehyde cause cancer?
Is formaldehyde natural in the body?
How do you clean formaldehyde?
What causes formaldehyde?
There are a few simple ways to protect yourself from formaldehyde indoors.Chose low-formaldehyde products when building or remodeling.
Ventilate indoor spaces.
Air out new furniture and pressed-wood products.
Don’t allow smoking indoors.
Wash permanent press clothing before wearing..
Ingestion of formaldehyde can be fatal, and long-term exposure to low levels in the air or on the skin can cause asthma-like respiratory problems and skin irritation such as dermatitis and itching. Concentrations of 100 ppm are immediately dangerous to life and health (IDLH).
CH2OFormaldehyde/Formula
Abstract. Formaldehyde has been classified as carcinogenic to humans (WHO IARC group 1). It causes leukaemia and nasopharyngeal cancer, and was described to regularly occur in alcoholic beverages.
Formaldehyde is a simple chemical compound made of hydrogen, oxygen and carbon.
Formaldehyde (HCHO), also called methanal, an organic compound, the simplest of the aldehydes, used in large amounts in a variety of chemical manufacturing processes. It is produced principally by the vapour-phase oxidation of methanol and is commonly sold as formalin, a 37 percent aqueous solution.
When formaldehyde is present in the air at levels exceeding 0.1 ppm, some individuals may experience adverse effects such as watery eyes; burning sensations in the eyes, nose, and throat; coughing; wheezing; nausea; and skin irritation.
Ingesting as little as 30ml of solution containing 37 per cent of formaldehyde is enough to kill an adult, according to the United States Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. The short-term exposure limit that is still safe for humans is about 2 ppm (parts per million) for 15 minutes.
Exposure to formaldehyde may cause health effects in some individuals….Short-term exposure may result in immediate symptoms including:Eye, nose and throat irritation.Coughing.Headaches.Dizziness and nausea.
When formaldehyde is present in the air at levels higher than 0.1 parts per million (ppm), some people may have health effects, such as:watery eyes.burning sensations of the eyes, nose, and throat.coughing.wheezing.nausea.skin irritation.
Where Is Formaldehyde Found? Formaldehyde is found in: Resins used in the manufacture of composite wood products (i.e., hardwood plywood, particleboard and medium-density fiberboard);
Studies of workers exposed to high levels of formaldehyde, such as industrial workers and embalmers, have found that formaldehyde causes myeloid leukemia and rare cancers, including cancers of the paranasal sinuses, nasal cavity, and nasopharynx.
A Natural By-Product It metabolizes quickly in the body, breaks down rapidly, is not persistent and does not accumulate in the body. Formaldehyde is a naturally occurring substance made of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Humans produce about 1.5 ounces of formaldehyde a day as a normal part of our metabolism.
For small/minor formaldehyde spills, clean surfaces with cold water at least two times. If paper towels are used, place the used towels into a plastic bag and seal the bag. Use CHEMATIX to complete a waste tag so the material is disposed of as hazardous waste.
Sources of formaldehyde in the home include building materials, smoking, household products, and the use of un-vented, fuel-burning appliances, like gas stoves or kerosene space heaters. Formaldehyde, by itself or in combination with other chemicals, serves a number of purposes in manufactured products.
Question: What Music Makes You Concentrate?
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Why Do Boxers Rinse And Spit?
Why do boxers always touch their forehead?
Where Did Egyptian Art Originated?
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What does Narayan mean? ‘Narayana’
Question: Why Are My Dreads Hard?
What are the stages of locs? There are five stages
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Famous Philosophers: What Did Jeremy Bentham Believe?
Jeremy Bentham was a firm believer and the inventor of 'utilitarianism' - the general view that the best decision is the one that brings about the most happiness or 'utility' for the most amount of people. In this way he defined what "good" really is.
Utilitarianism was Bentham's greatest achievement.
He is quoted to say "nature has placed mankind under the governance of two sovereign masters, pain and pleasure" and therefore believes that good is what increases pleasure and bad is what increases pain.
For example, given the choice between killing one man to save 1000 equal men or not doing anything at all, a utilitarian would argue that it is more moral to kill that one man in order to save the 1000 because then the 1000 men will go on to live and contribute more happiness to the world than the one man would have.
This is in contrast to deontology which Bentham strongly disagreed with - the belief that actions are always right or always wrong e.g. it is immoral to kill the one man in the example, even if it would cause 1000 to die. Bentham would argue that deontology is wrong because not killing that one man is equal to killing 1000 and therefore it is 1000x the crime of murdering just one man.
Bentham believed that utilitarianism is the foundation of what ethics should be: "ethics at large may be defined, the art of directing men's actions to the production of the greatest possible quantity of happiness." (Bentham, Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation)
Jeremy Bentham included animals in with his utilitarian approach on the grounds that they, like humans, could suffer and therefore need to be accounted for during decisions.
Other Beliefs
Bentham spent most of his life reforming the legal system at the time (born: 1748 died:1832) and trying to improve conditions for the people.
Bentham made prisons more hospitable.
Bentham campaigned for free education and greater democracy.
Bentham wanted there to be minimum wage, guaranteed employment, and improved working conditions.
Bentham supported sickness benefit and old age insurance.
He supported the benefits of what the Welfare State would bring, more than 100 years before it came about.
The embalmed and preserved Jeremy Bentham at University College, London
www.craifbellamy.net
Bentham completely rejected the idea of a God and said that humans need to work out their own moral beliefs based on rational evidence.
He said that we need to "Investigate; Legislate; Inspect" to bring about social reform.
Unhappy with the fact that universities were all controlled by religious bodies that limited access based upon religious belief, Jeremy Bentham helped to found the secular University College, London where in a last act of utilitarianism, he still rests embalmed today.
Bentham Quotes
"The business of government is to promote the happiness of the society by punishing and rewarding." (Bentham, Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation)
It was the dread of evil, not the hope of good that first cemented societies together. (Bentham, Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation)
There are four distinguishable sources from which pleasure and pain are in use to flow: considered separately, they may be termed the physical, the political, the moral, and the religious: and inasmuch as the pleasures and pains belonging to each of them are capable of giving a binding force to any law or rule of conduct, they may all of them be termed sanctions. (Bentham, Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation)
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The Philadelphia 76ers become an NBA title contender in a matter of days.
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Ronin Warriors: Review and Character Info
Sage Fear
Sage knows too much about different anime and manga. Probably knows more then she should.
Ok so I know not a lot of people know about this anime, which is sad cause its amazing, so I thought I'd explain it more. Ronin Warriors (known as Yoroiden Samurai Troopers) is an anime about 5 young warriors with mystical armor that must save the world from evil. Yeah it may sound like other animes, but the evil is a mysterious thousand year old demon lord named Talpa and his Dark Warlords. He pretty much lasts the whole series. Now I'll go into some info about the main characters (good and evil) as well as the side characters. No filler characters though, they weren't around long enough.
Good Warriors
Lets start with the 5 main heores, the Ronins. Their armors have different elements and virtues, as wella s different weapons and moves. These armors are used for good but if the owners heart and soul goes in the dark, the armor can be used for evil. Now onto the different armor bearers, starting with Ryo.
Ryo- The Leader
Ryo Sanada is the unofficial leader of the Ronin warriors, and the first to be introduced in the series. He tends to charge ahead into battle without thinking but alas has a big heart and cares for his friends. Very little is known about Ryo's family and past. His mother died when he was only a baby and his father is a wildlife photographer often out on assisgnment.
Ryo wears the armor of Wildfire, his Virtue is well virtue, his element is fire and his weapons are a twin pair of katanas. His final move is 'Flare Up Now'. When Ryo gathers the virtues from the 4 other ronin armors or the Dark Warlords, this forms the White Inferno Armor.
Ryo also has a pet tiger named White Blaze. When RYo transforms into the Inferno armor, White Blaze also transforms into his alter-ego Black Blaze.
He is voiced by Matt HIll in the dub.
Kento- The Muscle
Kento Rei Fang is the strongest of the group, able to stop speeding trucks without his armor. Like Ryo, he has a short temper and is quick to anger when provoked, but has a huge heart and is a loyal friend.
He bears the armor of Hardrock, and it is said to be the most violent of the armors. His virtue is Justice, his weapon is a combination of a three section staff and naginata. His attack is 'Iron Rock Crusher', which causes an earthquake like disruption around him.
Kento has the largest family out of all the ronins, and is the oldest of 5 siblings. He has two sisters and two brothers. His parents own a successful restaurant and are quite wealthy, though Kento doesn't think being rich is a big deal. He is best friends with Cye.
Kento is voiced by Jason-Gray Stanford in the dub.
Cye- The Fish
Cye Mouri is the oldest member of the ronins and is usually the calmest. For some reason he has an Australian accent in the dub.
Cye bears the armor of Torrent, the element being water. His virtue is Trust and his weapon is a trident, whos prongs can close and grab onto enemies. The armor is also equipped with a tanto dagger and a claw-like weapon but he is never seen using either weapons. His attack is 'Super Wave Smasher', which is a powerful burst of water.
Cye's father died when he was very young and his mother is a famous potter who is often ill and he has an older sister. The ronins as well as Mia, and Yuli are like family to him and Kento is his best friend (as mentions above).
Cye is voiced by Michael Donovan in the dub.
Rowen- The Archer
Rowen Hashiba is the most intelligent of the group and was described by one of the Dark Warlords as the most cunning and dangerous. For some reason, he has a thick Brooklyn accent in the dub.
Rowen bears the armor of Strata. His virtue is Life, and his weapon is a collapsable bow with a quiver that has an unlimited amount of arrows. His attack is 'Arrow Shockwave', which is firing an arrow that energizes to cause a destructive explosion upon impact of the target.
Rowen supposedly has an I.Q of 250 and often serves as the voice of reason in the group as a counterbalance to the hotter tempers of Ryo and Kento. His father is a mad scientist and is usually too busy to see his son and his mother is a journalist who travles alot and doesnt see much of her ex and her son, treating them both as friends more then family.
Rowen is voiced by Ward Perry in the dub.
Sage-The Wise
Sage Date is considered the most mature and aloof of the group.
Sage wears the armor on Halo, his virtue is Wisdom, his element is Light and his weapon is a nodachi. HIs attack is 'Thunderbolt Cut', which inolves him gathering a large amount of energy to his sword , and despite the name, is usually used as a thrust attack. It can also manifest as a burst of energy beams.
Sage comes from a very traditional Japanese family, in which the women hold the power. His father is a police officer, and he has a mother, grandmother, grandfather, an older sister and a younger sister. There is an interesting little story about Sage and it seems that he was vice president of the kendo club at his high school. Due to the battle with Talpa in the spring, he did not compete in the kendo tournament. A young man named Shingo (friendly rival)won the tournament and wrote a letter to Sage, saying how they'll meet up hopefully next year. It was in this letter that Rowen and Kento got the idea to cut Sage's hair. Shingo had written that Sage didn't look bad with both eyes showing and asked why he didn't cut his hair. Kento and Rowen chased Sage around with scissors. They didn't read the rest of the letter where Shingo mentioned that all of Sage'd victoried might have been because he looks intimidating with both eyes showing.
Sage is voiced by Michael Donovan in the dub.
Now for the baddies. These are the main enemies of the Ronin Warriors, as well as the world. Led by Talpa, his four Dark Warlords go out and try to beat the ronins, but usually fail. Now lets get to know this lovely bunch of enemies.
Talpa is the giant floating head
Talpa- The Evil Lord
Talpa is the Emperor of the Evil Dynasty. He is an evil spirit who threatened to conquer the Earth years ago, but was defeated by the Ancient, who was the guardian of the mortal world. Talpa's spirit was sent back to the Neather World, his armor remained in the mortal world. Since it couldn't be destroyed, The Ancient cast a powerful spell and split Talpa's armor into 9 different armors with their own separate powers and virtues. Talpa eventually got 4 of the armors back and gave them to 4 humans who became his dark warlords.
During the modern age, Talpa takes over the city of Tokyo by capturing the citizens and sends out his Dark Warlords to capture the Ronins. The Ronins eventually make it into Talpas empire, but Talpa absorbed all the armors to get his original armor back. Ryo refused to give in and used the White Inferno to defeat Talpa. Talpa was then presumed dead by the ronins. In the second part of the series, he returns stronger and more determined. He then releases a secret weapon the ronins or the warlords knew about: Lady Kayura, the last of the clan of the ancients who he captured for his own purposes. This time Talpa had his eyes on gaining the White Inferno armor and using its power to destroy the Earth. Eventually, he captured the ronins but they were freed after a sacrifice to save Kayura by Anubis. Even the dark warlords turned on him after finding out they were just pawns to him. The final fight then took place with Ryo possessing Talpa with the Inferno armor, then being destroyed by the Jewel of Life.
Anubis- Cruelty
Anubis, Dark Warlord of Cruelty, is the former leader of the dark warlords and was the most arrogant.
HIs armor represents the season of Spring and is infused with the virtue Loyalty. His weapon is a kusari-gama, and his attack is 'Quake With Fear'. For the attack, he sends his chain into the ground, which then bursts out as several more chains.
In episode 15, the Ancient helped Anubis see that Talpa was meerly using him for his armor. After the battle with Talpa, he was pressumed dead but appeared again wearing the Ancients clothing. No one trusted him at first, but he still continued to help them in their battle against Talpa, gaining their confidence. He sends Ryo and Rowen to the Neather Realm and helps Mia and Yuli find the Jewel of Life.
FInally, after calling his armor forth to fight against his fellow warlords and the possessed Kayura, he absorbs her attack and uses all his strength to drive the evil spirit from Kayura. He then falls into the water dead.
Anubis is voiced by Paul Dobson in the dub.
Cale- Darkness
Cale the Dark Warlord of Corruption (my personal fave) manipulates the cold, death and darkness. His main opponent was Sage of the Halo. He has a cross shaped scar over his left eye.
Cale was eventually dispatched to capture Sage and turn him to the dynasty. He plays with Sage's feelings by making him think that he and Sage were alike. He does this by taking control of dead deer and making them attack Sage. He then fought Sage and lost but it didn't matter for his mission was complete.
Cale's corruption armor is infused with the virtue Obedience, and his weapons are a nodachi and claw like armor spikes. His attack is 'Black Lightning Flash', where he fires a number of black lasers from his sword. His armor is mostly grey in color with a red cape on the back.
If Cale were to use his powers for good, he would be the eyes for people lost in the darkness. No matter how powerful his enemies may be, he will be persistent and continue to fight.
Cale is voiced by Richard Newman.
Dais- illusion
Dais the Dark Warlord of illusion, is the oldest of the four dark warlords. His armor of illusion is infused with the virtue Serenity. His attack is 'Web of Deception' which causes many spider like webs to appear and capture his opponents. His main opponent is Kento.
When Anubis came back as the Ancient, Dais confronted him. There was a short battle inw hich Dais' helmet was knocked off and revealed his face to Mia and Yuli. Dais' armor is pink and has six kamas on the back resembling spider legs. He also has a flail on his right gauntlet and nunchaku on his left gauntlet. His armor allows him to spin webs and cast illusions. If Dais were to use his powers for good, he would be able to cast peaceful illusions.
Dais is voiced by Matt Smith.
Sekhmet- Venom
Sekhmet the Dark Warlord of Venom is Cye's main opponent. HIs armor is infused with the virtue Piety and his armor season is Autumn. Sekhmet fights with 6 katanas, which excluded a deadly poison that can also cause blindness. His attack is 'Snake Fang Strike', in which he attaches his 6 swords and uses it like a whip.
In battle, Sekhmet weilds six swords and is capable of moving his arms at speeds that allow him to create an illusion that he has six arms. Sekhmet's heritage is unknown. If Sekhmet were to use his powers for good, he would be able to heal injuries and illnesses. He would also be able to turn venom into medicine.
Sekhmet is voiced by Ward Perry.
There are plenty of side characters, some more important then others. Here they are:
Mia Koji: The young student-teacher that meets the ronin warriors and helps them through the battle.
The Ancient: The guy who created the armors, battled Talpa twice, turned Anubis to the good side, assists the ronins and weilds a staff.
Yuli: A little kid that lost his parents when they were taken by Talpa. He is taken care of by Mia though out the series.
Badamon: The leader of the Neather Spirits.
White Blaze: Ryo's faithful white tiger. He's bigger then your average Siberian Tiger.
Lady Kayura: The last of The Ancients, and was Talpa's main weapon against the ronins in the second part of the series.
So thats it. I love this series to death and I refuse to let it die. I know some people who love this series as well. For anyone who has yet to watch it, you need to. I never saw anything about this series, except some fansites. Well, until next time!
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Locations, Sofia the First locations, Islands
Misty Palisades
Blazing Palisades (formerly)
Watery Palisades (briefly and formerly)
Enchancia
Dragons of Enchancia
Sofia, Cedric the Sorcerer, Princess Amber, Prince James, Princess Ivy
The Misty Palisades (formerly known as the Blazing Palisades) is an island that appears in the Disney Junior animated series Sofia the First. The island has a rugged, rocky terrain, with winding paths, volcanoes (and geysers later on), and a mountainous top in the shape of a dragon.
The Misty Palisades is the island home of both the Dragons and Sea Monsters of Enchancia. Originally the the Blazing Palisades, it was an island covered in fire and home exclusively to Dragons, to whom it was a fiery paradise. The islands undying flames were fueled by an artifact known as the Eternal Torch, which was kept on a pedestal in a cave at at the top of the islands highest mountain.
The Blazing Palisades first appears in "The Curse of Princess Ivy". Princess Ivy arrived on the island to find Everburn the Elder Dragon to get him to destroy the Amulet of Avalor since his dragon fire is the only thing powerful enough to do so. Princess Sofia, Princess Amber, and Cedric arrive to stop her from doing so. After the trio reveals Ivy's true nature to them, the dragons help Sofia, who becomes their friend.
The Palisades reaches its present state in "The Secret Library: Tale of the Eternal Torch". The Sea Serpents of Enchancia, who have always wanted to claim the Palisades as their home, arrive on the island with an artifact known as the Forever Fountain, a conch shell that unleash an endless torrent of water, dousing all the flames and flooding the island.
Sofia shows up to help the Dragons stop them, but Prince James, whom Sofia unintentionally brought along, ends up wrecking their plans in a way that enables the Sea Monsters to succeed in ascending the Palisades and putting the Forever Fountain on the Eternal Torch's pedestal, turning the Blazing Palisades into the Watery Palisades.
Sofia and James, with the help of the Dragons, manage to lure the Sea Monster away from the Forever Fountain and put the Eternal Torch back on its pedestal, but without removing the Forever Fountain first. This arrangement merges the magic of the two items, causing the lower half of the island to be covered in water and the upper half to be covered in fire. As well as the combination of fire and water creating a dazzling rainbow in the sky above the Palisades.
Seeing this, Aqualina, the leader of the Sea Monsters, declares a truce with Everburn, and from then on, the Blazing Palisades were known as the Misty Palisades, where the Dragons and Sea Monsters lived together in harmony and friendship,
Retrieved from "https://disney.fandom.com/wiki/Misty_Palisades?oldid=4315133"
Sofia the First locations
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Home Game Umpires slammed over 'agenda' against Greene
Umpires slammed over ‘agenda’ against Greene
Port Adelaide great Kane Cornes has slammed the AFL’s umpiring fraternity for seemingly having an “agenda” against GWS Giants star Toby Greene.
Cornes highlighted a number of examples from the Giants’ two-point win over Collingwood on Friday where Greene was clearly caught high but not given a free kick.
According to Cornes, the reason for Greene not being given obvious free kicks is due to his trouble at the tribunal in the past.
“I just think we need to celebrate players like Toby Greene and not penalise them for past indiscretions,” he told the AFL Sunday Footy Show.
Toby Greene is taken high by Brodie Grundy in Friday night’s win over Collingwood (AAP)
“How that is not a free kick is a joke. I hope the AFL comes out and reviews that, like they have the Eddie Betts 50m penalty.
“I thought his treatment on Friday night was pretty ordinary to the point where I think the AFL need to acknowledge that.
“They have a set against Toby Greene and an agenda and the AFL umpires that umpired him (need to apologise). I think he is penalised for his reputation.
“Whether it’s sub-consciously or whether it’s at the forefront of their minds. Once they’re in the moment, they’re more likely to pay a free kick to young (Tyler) Brown for over the neck than to Toby Greene, and I could have showed five or six examples of it.
Greene was a livewire for the Giants after missing the previous week against the Western Bulldogs (AAP)
“I just think the reputation that he has, he’s umpired differently to everyone else.”
Cornes’ assertion was backed up by Greene’s recently-retired teammate Brett Deledio.
“Oh absolutely,” Deledio told ABC Grandstand when asked if Greene is officiated differently to other players.
“I don’t often agree with Kane, but on this point I’m going to.
“(Greene) gets an unfair run, they’re almost looking for him to do something wrong.”
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Tata Steel (PP)259.4511.85
Business News›Technology›Before going digital, India should focus on right infrastructure first: NYC CDO Sree Srinivasan
Before going digital, India should focus on right infrastructure first: NYC CDO Sree Srinivasan
Neha Alawadhi
, ET Bureau Last Updated: Aug 12, 2016, 09:49 AM IST
Sree Srinivasan says key takeaway from India experience is the way customer service is being done through Twitter
The newly appointed chief digital officer (CDO) of New York City, Sree Srinivasan, said that while going digital is important, India should first focus on setting up and smoothening out the infrastructure issues that they face.
"There are parts of India where people don't have their own garbage pickup. People are burning garbage and then people ask for 4G (connections). (In that case) you're focused on the wrong G. Until people are not disposing their own garbage, until people are scavenging on their head, that's what you should focus on, but everybody is instead focusing on this side," he told ET.
Srinivasan, who has earlier been the CDO at his alma mater Columbia University, and the Metropolitan Museum of Art, is on an India-wide tour with Twitter, talking about the importance of using social media and different online platforms effectively.
His appointment as the CDO of New York City was tweeted by the mayor Bill de Blasio on August 1: "Welcome, @sree, as NYC's new CDO! And onward to becoming the most tech-friendly, transparent, digitally equitable city in the world."
Srinivasan said his job description was "so clear, so simple and so scary. How do you do all of that?" "Look at the New York City Digital Playbook. It's our roadmap on how New York City (will do digital) it doesn't mean that's exactly how India needs to be, but somewhere in there is the right way for India to be as well," he said, when asked what India can learn from the US experience of cities going digital.
At a select gathering on Thursday, Srinivasan spoke about how to leverage the best of existing and new social media and online channels such as Twitter, Facebook, LinkedIn and Google. He said that his endeavour is to use mobile as much as possible, and that he has used his laptop only for about 18 minutes since his new appointment as NYC's CDO.
He also set a kind of a new record when he insisted on doing an entire interview on WhatsApp for a news website a week ago.
One of his takeaways from the India experience is the way customer service is being done through Twitter and how India is using SMS to get around connectivity issues.
infrastructureTwitterSree Srinivasan
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Issue - meetings
Meeting: 07/01/2020 - Cabinet (Item 67)
67 Additional Licensing in Coventry – Consultation Results PDF 167 KB
Report of the Deputy Chief Executive (Place)
To consider an e-petition, bearing 14 signatures. The petition organiser has been invited to the meeting for the consideration of this item.
Additional documents:
Additional Licensing in Coventry – Consultation Results - Appendix 1 - Additional Licensing Feasibility Report, item 67 PDF 3 MB
Additional Licensing in Coventry – Consultation Results - Appendix 2 - Additional Licensing Consultation Results, item 67 PDF 1 MB
Additional Licensing in Coventry – Consultation Results - Appendix 3 - HMO Licensing Policy 2020, item 67 PDF 498 KB
Additional Licensing in Coventry – Consultation Results - Appendix 4 - HMO Licensing Fees and Charges 2019, item 67 PDF 113 KB
Additional Licensing in Coventry – Consultation Results - Appendix 5 - Private Rented Sector Code of Practice July 2015, item 67 PDF 518 KB
Additional Licensing in Coventry – Consultation Results - Appendix 6 - Additional Licensing ECA Final, item 67 PDF 252 KB
Additional Licensing in Coventry – Consultation Results - Appendix 7 - Additional Licensing Designation Final, item 67 PDF 454 KB
Further to Minute 96/18, the Cabinet considered a report of the Deputy Chief Executive (Place), which set out the results of consultation on Additional Licensing in Coventry.
The report indicated that the Housing Act 2004, Part 2, provided a discretionary power, subject to carrying out consultation, for Local Housing Authorities to licence all private landlords in a designated area with the intention of ensuring that Houses in Multiple Occupation (HMOs) meet a minimum standard of management.
On the 8th January 2019, the Cabinet authorised officers to proceed with a citywide 10-week consultation beginning on the 9th January 2019 and ending on 20th March 2019. The consultation was undertaken in the form of online questionnaires, ward drop in sessions, focus groups and Member meetings. There were a mix of responses but with the highest number being from landlords and residents. The responses highlighted a number of issues that both residents of HMOs experience and residents living alongside HMOs. There was a strong support for the introduction of an Additional Licensing scheme, the fee structure was considered reasonable and proportionate by the majority, likewise there was support to manage the licence period depending upon the compliancy of the particular landlord. There were some concerns around the legality of the fee structure and how the length of licence would be determined in practice. These have been considered and addressed with some recommended amendments. The full consultation results were set out at Appendix 2 of the report submitted. The report also provided a summary and analysis of the consultation results and further recommendations.
In addition, a petition bearing 14 signatures was received objecting to the Additional Licensing and was set out within the report. The petition organiser was invited to the meeting for the consideration of this matter, but did not attend. The petitioners were opposing the imposition of selective and additional licensing schemes and requested that the proposed licensing schemes be stopped.
It was proposed that a city wide Additional Licensing scheme be extended to all HMOs in the city (in all 18 wards) and would include all smaller multiple occupied properties not currently subjected to mandatory HMO licensing. This would serve to address all HMOs whatever the size and ensure a level playing field for the quality and management of them.
RESOLVED that, the Cabinet:
1. Note the matters raised by the petitioners.
2. Having considered the consultation results attached at Appendix 2, request that Council approve the following: -
i. Designate the whole of Coventry City as subject to Additional Licensing under Section 56(1)(a) of the Housing Act 2004 for all Houses in Multiple Occupation (HMOs), irrespective of the number of storeys, that contain three or four occupiers;
ii. Designate the whole of Coventry City as subject to Additional Licensing under Section 56(1)(a) of the Housing Act 2004 for all HMOs as defined under Section 257 of that Act where those HMOs are mainly or wholly tenanted, including those with resident landlords;
iii. That the designations in paragraphs ... view the full minutes text for item 67
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Rarely-seen Beatrix Potter collection to celebrate her life in the North Lakes
Lingholm Estate Director Jenny Seymour with a Beatrix Potter image from the new exhibition.
Beatrix Potter’s lesser-known life and work in the North Lakes will come under the spotlight this autumn, with a special exhibition at her former holiday home near Keswick.
The famous children’s author and illustrator spent ten summer holidays at the Lingholm Estate between1885 and 1907, not only writing Squirrel Nutkin and the first manuscript of Mrs TiggyWinkle there, but also using Lingholm’s original kitchen garden as the inspiration for Mr McGregor’s garden in The Tale of Peter Rabbit.
From 1 September – 30 November 2019, Lingholm’s Victorian-style walled garden and greenhouse will be the venue for a small collection of rarely seen prints and information panels loaned by The National Trust and Wordsworth House and Garden.
That includes a giant print of the ONLY photo still in existence which depicts Potter painting out in the landscape; it was taken on St Herbert’s Island on Derwentwater in 1886, on one of her summer stays at Lingholm.
It’s expected the free exhibition will be a particular draw to international visitors, with the enduring appeal of Beatrix Potter proving to be a major lure for Japanese and Chinese tourists – combined with the prestige of the Lake District’s World Heritage Status.
Estate Director Jenny Seymour says, “People tend to associate Beatrix Potter with locations like Far Sawrey and Windermere, but she actually spent large chunks of the early life in the North Lakes.
“This collection tells the story of her life in the late teens and early twenties, before she moved to the Lakes permanently but at a time when she was still learning about nature and developing her own thoughts and ideas about the world around her. We are hoping it will offer a unique historical insight into the writer’s life and inspiration, and give visitors something off the traditional Beatrix Potter tourist trail.”
Zoe Gilbert, Visitor Experience Manager at Wordsworth House and Garden says, “We’re delighted to loan this exhibition to Lingholm. It has been really inspiring to see what a passion the Lingholm team have developed for Beatrix Potter and the love and care they have put into conserving this special place that gave her so much inspiration. Potter’s images of the North Lakes landscapes are a beautiful backdrop to the iconic stories and it’s not as well-known that many of her famous tales were based here.”
The Walled Garden at Lingholm sits alongside an artisan bakery, café and shop. 2019 marks three years since the unveiling of the £1million development by Lingholm’s owners, the Seymour family.
imagesNorth LakesRarely-seen Beatrix PotterWordsworth House
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‘Woke’ Democrats? Some Presidential Candidates Say What California’s Democratic Activists Want to Hear—While Others Do Not
by CALmatters June 6th, 2019 December 16th, 2020
Delegates at the California Democratic Convention in San Francisco snap selfies with presidential candidate and Vermont Sen. Bernie Sanders. Credit: Elizabeth Castillo/CALmatters
Anyone who spent the weekend at the California Democratic Party’s convention—watching 14 White House contenders try to impress what one congresswoman called “the wokest Democrats in the country”—observed the following: Saturday’s most rapturous cheers went to Massachusetts Sen. Elizabeth Warren, who declared “the time for small ideas is over,” advocated “big, structural change” and said “I am here to fight.” Sunday’s thunderous applause went to Vermont Sen. Bernie Sanders, when he demanded there can be “no middle ground” on climate change, healthcare or gun violence.
Those who strayed from progressive orthodoxy did so at their peril.
Ex-Colorado Gov. John Hickenlooper dismissed the push for single-payer health care by insisting “socialism is not the answer” Saturday, drawing a sustained barrage of boos—not just from those who embraced the label, but from those who resented it. The following day, Maryland Rep. John Delany dismissed Medicare-for-All as “not good policy,” and faced heckles and jeers.
The San Francisco confab was the state Dems’ first get-together since last year’s blowout election returned the party to its national majority in the House and devastated the ranks of elected Republicans in California. The delegates left no doubt that as they prepare for the 2020 election against President Donald Trump, they are in no mood for compromise or equivocation.
At least not when it comes to ideas that energize them.
But state party conventions—dominated in decibels by faithful partisans and zealous activists—often offer an exaggerated, funhouse-mirror reflection of what the party’s voters statewide actually think. And even the delegates can be more temperate than the room might suggest.
In one of the few choices that the 3,200-plus delegates actually made, a majority eschewed more progressive candidates and easily elected as the party’s next chairman Los Angeles labor leader Rusty Hicks. He’s a soft-spoken white guy from Los Angeles who represented what many called the “safe choice.”
Still, they gave an effusive reception to speakers who jettisoned safe choices. Here was Warren: “Too many powerful people in our party say, ‘Settle down, back up … wait for change until the privileged and powerful are comfortable with those changes,’” she said. “Here’s the thing—when a candidate tells you all the things that aren’t possible … they are telling you they will not fight for you, and I am here to fight.”
Few of the presidential candidates addressed California issues specifically, in the way they become conversant about, say, ethanol in Iowa. Washington Gov. Jay Inslee, who’s made climate policy a thrust of his campaign, talked about visiting the wildfire devastation in the California community of Paradise, and some candidates called for greater regulation of tech firms. But their speeches mostly sidestepped California-specific concerns and aimed wide in appealing to what Oakland Rep. Barbara Lee called the “most progressive and the most democratic and the wokest Democrats in the country.”
“This is obviously a group of activists, and there are obviously some candidates who appeal more to the activists,” Dave Min told CALmatters at a meeting of the Chicano and Latino Caucus. He lost a bid for Congress in 2018 to Rep. Katie Porter, who was backed by Sen. Warren and supported Medicare-for-All. Now he’s seeking a state senate seat.
As if to illustrate his point, minutes later, Sanders—who has done more than virtually any other politician to turn support for universal Medicare into a litmus test for progressive Democratic candidates—entered the room and was nearly trampled by selfie-seeking delegates.
Next, Beto O’Rourke, the former Texas Congressman who nearly beat GOP Sen. Ted Cruz in Texas, entered the room, unleashing fresh pandemonium. Minnesota Sen. Amy Klobuchar, a relative moderate, was treated to a much more restrained, if polite, reception.
That courtesy was not extended to Hickenlooper.
“If we want to beat Donald Trump and achieve big progressive goals, socialism is not the answer,” he told the convened Democrats. He was booed for roughly 30 seconds by delegates who either objected to his characterization of single-payer healthcare as “socialism,” or, in fact, believe socialism is the answer.
Regardless, the scene was unadulterated Fox News fodder.
The next day, Delaney, of Maryland, took the same approach. On the heels of Sanders’ raucously well-received speech, Delaney told the audience that universal access to Medicare “is actually not good policy.” The audience disagreed, vocally and persistently. Even New York Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez got in the act, tweeting that Delaney should just “sashay away.”
If this is the first time you’ve heard of Delaney or Hickenlooper, that may have been the point. Hickenlooper later told the San Francisco Chronicle that he was not seeking the crowd’s vitriol. But the fact that his campaign blasted out a press release the day of the event with the title, “Hickenlooper to California Dems: “Socialism Is Not the Answer” suggested he might have been aiming his appeal far outside Moscone Center. The following day, his campaign issued a press release citing coverage from The Washington Post and exulting: “Hickenlooper lost the room but gained a national audience.”
Besides, the Democratic Party has a history of candidates strategically saying something sure to elicit boos from a leftist crowd in order to establish their independent cred with moderates: Consider President Bill Clinton’s Sister Souljah speech, and California Sen. Dianne Feinstein’s defense of capital punishment at her state’s convention—which her campaign gleefully turned into a TV commercial.
For Julian Castro, who served as Housing and Urban Development secretary in the Obama administration and who has struggled to gain much popular support, the interpretation was clear.
“You heard the reaction,” he said, when asked by a reporter whether Democrats can compete without supporting a single-payer health-care policy. “Probably not in this state. Who knows?”
Joe Biden might disagree. The former vice president supports a policy that would allow those under the qualifying age to purchase a Medicare policy, which constitutes a moderate position among the current Democratic candidates. But at least for now, he leads in the polls—even among California Democrats.
The Biden campaign explained the candidate’s conspicuous absence at the San Francisco convention as an unavoidable scheduling conflict, though attendees of the 2018 Democratic convention may recall the chilly reception that Sen. Feinstein, another moderate, received.
The Democrats in attendance largely shrugged off Biden’s decision not to show up. Alex Gallardo-Rooker, who has served at the party’s chair since the resignation of Eric Baumann earlier this year, said that Biden was “being pulled all over the place.” Gov. Newsom also gave the former vice president a pass: “It’s a big country.” When asked about it, Sen. Kamala Harris literally shrugged—and said nothing.
The one exception was Sanders, who, during his speech in the convention hall on Sunday morning, referred to “presidential candidates who have spoken to you here in this room and those who have chosen, for whatever reason, not to be in this room.” The crowd happily booed.
Sanders was cheered as he argued that there is no “middle ground” on climate change, making a not-so-subtle dig at Biden who used the term to describe his environmental policy plan.
But to some, both supporters and detractors, the party’s choice of Hicks for chair represented its own kind of middle ground. Kimberly Ellis, Hicks’ strongest opponent who narrowly lost the race for party chair in 2017, had argued that the party needs to take a more assertive role in political messaging and agenda setting.
But with 57 percent of the vote, Hicks’ victory was decisive, and the party avoided an oft-predicted runoff election. Ellis got 36 percent.
For close observers of California politics, this might feel like deja vu. Earlier this year, the California Republican Party held its own election for chair in which Jessica Patterson, the pick of most of the party establishment, beat out an ideological upstart, Travis Allen.
At a Friday evening forum hosted by the Democratic Party’s progressive caucus, candidates for chair were asked, rapid-fire, about single-payer health insurance, a statewide ban on fracking, the Green New Deal and a moratorium on new charter schools. All six candidates were unanimous in their support.
Where disagreement arose, it was less about policy and more about the role of the party itself—whether the priority should be on building up the party as a political institution or promoting the most progressive agenda.
Asked whether the party should abandon the practice of automatically endorsing incumbent Democratic lawmakers or substantially reduce the power of elected office holders within the party, Hicks was the only candidate to say no.
Karen Araujo, a delegate from Salinas who supported Ellis, called Hicks “a safe choice.” Still, she added, “It was a clear decision. I’ll honor that and I’ll work hard for my party.”
Said Josh Newman, a former Orange County state senator who was recalled and is running for his old seat again: “It’s good to have a decisive moment where we decide, ‘OK, fair election, fair result; now let’s work on the next thing. And the next thing has to be 2020.”
Elizabeth Castillo contributed to this story. CALmatters.org is a nonprofit, nonpartisan media venture explaining California policies and politics.
Tagged: alexandria ocasiocortez, any klobuchar, barbara lee, bernie sanders, beto o'rourke, california democratic party, california democratic party convention, climate change, dave min, democratic politics, election 2020, elizabeth warren, global warming, health care, jay inslee, joe biden, john delany, john hickenlooper, josh newman, karen araujo, rusty hicks
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Frank O’Hara, Charles Bukowski, Mark E. Smith and Shogun
Similar comparisons have been made many times before by far cleverer people, but for old time’s sake, with the passing of the Mancunian malcontent, singer/songwriter Mark E. Smith of The Fall, here’s a post that compares the words of three 20th century icons, and looks to the future that is Grime.
My link to The Fall is via The Fall’s home city of Manchester in the north of England. One of the many members of The Fall was a school classmate of mine. I think a lot of people had a classmate in The Fall because there was a high churn. I think that’s where a lot of the energy came from.
The Fall’s timeless songs are prescient warnings for dangerous times right now. 2003’s Theme for Sparta FC, is a shocking abstract snap shot of casual high street racism which is, sadly, just as relevant now.
The Fall were the howl of an attacked, divided and insecure society, projected by someone with the bile of the nihilist. Never saw Brexit coming? You probably never listened to The Fall.
Listening again to English Scheme, Pay Your Rates and The War Against Intelligence, I’m wondering about the future, and who’s taking swipes at the aspirational norm that passes for culture in the UK. Grime steps up.
My New Novel Update
I’m on the lookout for what’s new in the UK all the time and I’m a subscriber to YouTube channels: LDK, StormzyTV, and Twelve 50 TV. I listen to JME, Skepta and Stormzy because dragging up a new novel from scratch, you need to block out the powerful mainstream voices, the carefully curated product placements, and the slight novels of literal-minded journalists who start their thrillers in the middle. It goes with the coffee rituals and the creative battery acid recharge.
Couldn’t Get Ahead
The Fall were always effective in blocking out those serious intrusions with a relentless cultural water cannon. I’m always asking, did Mark E. Smith really say that? And yes is usually the answer. He did. I checked back to the lyrics of Couldn’t Get Ahead because I couldn’t believe how good they were. Not ‘good’ in the way that they rhyme and are, by definition, lyrics, but ‘good’ in that it’s great poetry.
Driverless Doggerel
‘Culture’ right now seems to be a driverless car steered by algorithms built on rank, averages, statistics, spreadsheets and bots. You have to clean the slate every day with something that (as they’d say on GBBO) cuts through the blancmange.
Everything Suddenly Honks
20th century American Post-Modern poetry does the blancmange-cutting. O’Hara and Bukowski’s influence is in The Fall’s Couldn’t Get Ahead, so here are two poems followed by my transcript of Couldn’t Get Ahead showing Mark E. Smith was right up there with the very best, and then it’s the future.
A Step Away From Them by Frank O’Hara (excerpt)
to Times Square, where the sign
blows smoke over my head, and higher
the waterfall pours lightly. A
Negro stands in a doorway with a
toothpick, languorously agitating.
A blonde chorus girl clicks: he
smiles and rubs his chin. Everything
suddenly honks: it is 12:40 of
a Thursday.
Note: So, to set the ball rolling, in the above poem, the ad-man’s alluring message goes over the poet’s head, and then he sees its by-product, resentment and racism, on the street: a black man dares to look at a white girl, and it all kicks off.
My Old Man by Charles Bukowski (excerpt)
it was a story about
a rich man
who had a fight with
his wife and had
gone out into the night
for a cup of coffee
and had observed
the waitress and the spoons
and forks and the
and the neon sign
in the window
and then had gone back
to his stable
to see and touch his
favorite horse
who then
kicked him in the head
and killed him.
Couldn’t Get Ahead by The Fall, Mark E. Smith (transcribed by me)
Come out of the pub, the shop is closed
Come out of the pub, Harry wants to know
When the next bus is, I said five or ten minutes
I had change in my hands
The bus flashes past, my hands are caught
In a week, earned money for a month, got all my jabs done
My eyelids were sticky with it, gist was I could sleep for a day
But bad bills have no respect for a decent man’s rest
Flopping on the doorstep, outlined in colour red
On an Asiatic plane with wings not of the grain
Toilet queue was endless, couldn’t get a beer
The hostesses were muslims
When I get in the toilet, light flashes: “Return to seat”
I feared withdrawal and I feared beer was making sludge in my head
Couldn’t get ahead, I just couldn’t get ahead
The King is Dead, Long Live the King
Here’s the future:
Cy Forrest is the author of The Punished
Links to publications and the Art Decades interview are here.
This entry was posted in Fiction, Music and tagged grime, irish, LDK, rap, scottish, shogun, stormzy, Twelve50TV, uk. Bookmark the permalink.
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Aztreonam review (inhaled)
Aztreonam review (iv)
Colistin review
Desensitisation
Home iv
Nebulised antibiotics
Intravenous antibiotics and Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Pseudomonas eradication
Pseudomonas IV
Tobramycin review (inhaled)
Macrolide review
Basic problem
Making diagnosis
Nasal PD for diagnosis
Sweat test – how
Essential faty acids
Feeding infants and toddlers
DNase and mucolytics
DNase
Hypertonic saline
Nasal symptoms
Fertility & Reproduction
Fertility and IVF
Gastroenterology, Liver and Diabetes
CF Diabetes
Glucose tolerance test
Pancreatic enzymes
Achromobacter xylosoxidans
Fungal disease
Respiratory exacerbations
Staphylococcus aureus and Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Staphylococcus prophylaxis
Nebuliser devices
Bronchoscopy review
Non invasive ventilation
Radiology embolisation
Venous access
Pregnancy post transplant
Lung transplant general
Travel and CF
Psychology & Social
Psychology of transplant
CF Prescriber
1595 to Nineties
Forties
The Sixties – science
Sixties clinical
Seventies clinical
Seventies science
Eighties clinical
Eighties science
Nineties clincal
Nineties science
2018 – section A
2018 – section B
2019 – section A1 (first author A to S)
2019 – section B1 (first author T to Z)
2020 – A
2020 – B
Mega papers
2015CFM2019-08-07T10:27:38+00:00
Zemanick ET; Ong T; Daines CL; Dellon EP; Muhlebach MS; Esther CR Jr. Highlights from the 2015 North American Cystic Fibrosis Conference. [Review] Pediatr Pulmonol 2016; 51(6):650-7. [PubMed]
Edith Zemanick
The 29th Annual North American Cystic Fibrosis Conference was held in Phoenix, Arizona on October 8-10, 2015. Abstracts were published in a supplement to Pediatric Pulmonology.(1) In this review, the authors summarise presentations in several of the topic areas addressed at the conference. Their goal was to provide an overview of presentations with relevance to emerging or changing concepts in several areas rather than a comprehensive review. Citations from the conference are by first author and abstract number or symposium number, as designated in the supplement.
Dr Edith Zemanick (figure) is Associate Professor of Pediatrics – Pulmonology, University of Colorado School of Medicine.
This is a very detailed excellent review of the highlights of this 2015 meeting.
2015 Savant AP; McColley SA. Pediatric Pulmonology year in review 2015: Part 4. [Review] Pediatr Pulmonol 2016; 51(7):754-65. [PubMed]
In this article, the authors highlight cystic fibrosis research published in Pediatric Pulmonology during 2015. Articles from other journals that reflect similar themes, and those of special importance, are also included.
Al-Malky G; Dawson SJ; Sirimanna T; Bagkeris E; Suri R. High-frequency audiometry reveals high prevalence of aminoglycoside ototoxicity in children with cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros 2015; 14(2):248-54. [PubMed]
Intravenous aminoglycoside (IV AG) antibiotics have ototoxic complications in some patients. Audiological monitoring, if performed, uses only standard pure-tone audiometry (PTA). This study determined the most appropriate audiological tests and to identify possible risk factors. Auditory assessment was performed using standard pure tone audiometry (PTA), extended high-frequency (EHF) audiometry and distortion-product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE).70 CF children, mean (SD) age 10.7 (3.5) years, were recruited. Of the 63 children who received IV AG, 15 (24%) children had ototoxicity detected by EHF audiometry and DPOAE.Standard PTA only detected ototoxicity in 13 children. Eleven of these children had received at least 10 courses of IV AG courses. A 25 to 85 dBHL hearing loss (mean+/-SD: 57.5+/-25.7 dBHL) across all EHF frequencies and a significant drop in DPOAE amplitudes at frequencies 4 to 8 kHz were detected. However, standard PTA detected a significant hearing loss (>20 dBHL) only at 8 kHz in 5 of these 15 children and none in 2 subjects who had significantly elevated EHF thresholds. The number of courses of IV AG received, age and lower lung function were shown to be risk factors for ototoxicity. CF children who had received at least 10 courses of IV AG had a higher risk of ototoxicity.Extended high frequency audiometry identified 2 more children with ototoxicity than standard PTA and depending on facilities available, should be the test of choice for detecting ototoxicity in children with CF receiving IV aminoglycosides.
– Both the renal toxicity and ototoxicity of intravenous aminoglycosides are of concern in people with CF particularly in view of the numerous courses over years that many patients receive. It is clear that the less toxic tobramycin and not gentamicin should be used.
Audrézet MP, Munck A, Scotet V, Claustres M, Roussey M, Delmas D, Férec C, Desgeorges M. Comprehensive CFTR gene analysis of the French cystic fibrosis screened newborn cohort: implications for diagnosis, genetic counseling, and mutation-specific therapy. Genet Med. 2015 Feb; 17(2):108-16. doi: 10.1038/gim.2014.113. Epub 2014 Aug 14. [PubMed]
Newborn screening (NBS) for cystic fibrosis (CF) was implemented throughout France in 2002.During the 8-year period, 5,947,148 newborns were screened for cystic fibrosis. The data were collected by the Association Française pour le Dépistage et la Prévention des Handicaps de l’Enfant. The mutations identified were classified into four groups based on their potential for causing disease, and a diagnostic algorithm was proposed.Combining the genetic and sweat test results, 1,160 neonates were diagnosed as having cystic fibrosis. The corresponding incidence, including both the meconium ileus (MI) and false-negative cases, was calculated at 1 in 4,726 live births. The CF30 kit, completed with a comprehensive CFTR gene analysis, provides an excellent detection rate of 99.77% for the mutated alleles, enabling the identification of a complete genotype in 99.55% of affected neonates. With more than 200 different mutations characterized, we confirmed the French allelic heterogeneity.
– The very good sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value obtained suggest that the four-tiered IRT/DNA/IRT/sweat test procedure provides an effective strategy for newborn screening for cystic fibrosis.
Albert BB,Jaksic M, Ramirez J, Bors J, Carter P, Cutfield WS, Hofman PL. An unusual cause of growth failure in cystic fibrosis: A salutary reminder of the interaction between glucocorticoids and cytochrome P450 inhibiting medication. J Cyst Fibros. 2015 Jul;14(4):e9-11. doi: 10.1016/j.jcf.2014.09.007. Epub 2014 Oct 5. [PubMed]
A 12 ½ year old male with cystic fibrosis presented with growth failure after itraconazole was added to a treatment regimen including inhaled and intranasal glucocorticoids. Investigations showed severe adrenal suppression. This case demonstrates the potential for exogenous glucocorticoids to accumulate when their degradation is inhibited by a CYP3A4 inhibitor.
– There are previous reports of similar problems (De Wachter E et al. 2003 [PubMed] . An important observation as both itraconazole and corticosteroids are likely to be prescribed together in people with CF Aspergillus problems.
Alton EW, Armstrong DK, Ashby D, Bayfield KJ, Bilton D, Buchan R, et al, UK Cystic Fibrosis Gene Therapy Consortium. Repeated nebulisation of non-viral CFTR gene therapy in patients with cystic fibrosis: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2b trial. Lancet Respir Med. 2015 Jul 3. pii: S2213-2600(15)00245-3. doi: 10.1016/S2213-2600(15)00245-3. [Epub ahead of print] [free text available]. [PubMed]
Lung delivery of plasmid DNA encoding the CFTR gene complexed with a cationic liposome is a potential treatment option for patients with cystic fibrosis. The authors aimed to assess the efficacy of non-viral CFTR gene therapy in patients with cystic fibrosis.A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2b trial in two cystic fibrosis centres with patients recruited from 18 sites in the UK. Patients (aged ≥12 years) with a forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) of 50-90% predicted and any combination of CFTR mutations, were randomly assigned, via a computer-based randomisation system, to receive 5 mL of either nebulised pGM169/GL67A gene-liposome complex or 0·9% saline (placebo) every 28 days (plus or minus 5 days) for 1 year. Randomisation was stratified by % predicted FEV1 (<70 vs ≥70%), age (<18 vs ≥18 years), inclusion in the mechanistic substudy, and dosing site (London or Edinburgh). Participants and investigators were masked to treatment allocation. The primary endpoint was the relative change in % predicted FEV1. The primary analysis was per protocol.Between June 12, 2012, and June 24, 2013, patients were randomly assigned, 140 patients to receive placebo (n=62) or pGM169/GL67A (n=78), of whom 116 (83%) patients comprised the per-protocol population.There was significant, albeit modest, treatment effect in the pGM169/GL67A group versus placebo at 12 months’ follow-up (3·7%, 95% CI 0·1-7·3; p=0·046). This outcome was associated with a stabilisation of lung function in the pGM169/GL67A group compared with a decline in the placebo group. There was no significant difference noted in treatment-attributable adverse events between groups.
Monthly application of the pGM169/GL67A gene therapy formulation was associated with a significant, albeit modest, benefit in FEV1 compared with placebo at 1 year, indicating a stabilisation of lung function in the treatment group. Further improvements in efficacy and consistency of response to the current formulation are needed before gene therapy is suitable for clinical care; however, our findings should also encourage the rapid introduction of more potent gene transfer vectors into early phase trials.
Commentary by Scott Bell on the Alton et al publication. Bell SC. A new phase of CFTR treatment for cystic fibrosis? Lancet Respir Med 2015; 3(9):662-663. no abstract. [PubMed]
After mention of the developments in CFTR treatments Scott Bell reviews in some detail the UK Gene Therapy Consortium’s randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2b study of multi-dose nebulised gene–liposome complex (pGM169/GL67A) in patients with cystic fibrosis (FEV 1 50–90% predicted) and any combination of CFTR mutation (Alton EWFW et al, 2015). Therapy with pGM169/GL67A was well tolerated, with no excess treatment-associated adverse effects. Nasal and lower airway gene transfer analyses, showed modest concentrations of pGM169 plasmid DNA. Of the roughly one in five participants who had an improvement in FEV 1 of more than 5%, 70% had received the gene–liposome complex. Another notable finding was that patients with more severe lung disease (FEV 1 49·6–69·2% predicted) tended to have a greater treatment effect (6·4%) than those with milder lung disease (FEV 1 69·6–89·9% predicted; treatment effect 0·2%; p=0·065).Commenting on the use of physiological saline as placebo – Bell suggested future trials should included a CFTR depleted plasma liposome placebo also effect on quality of life and pulmonary exacerbations (not an end point in this trial). He noted the increasing awareness of the complexity of the interactions between the CFTR protein and complex intracellular protein networks and suggested an even broader understanding of the cellular biology of CFTR would be necessary for successful correction of the numerous CFTR mutations.
Andersen C, Kahl BC, Olesen HV, Jensen-FangeS, Nørskov-Lauritsen N. Intravenous antibiotics given for 2 weeks do not eradicate persistent Staphylococcus aureus clones in cystic fibrosis patients. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2014 May;20(5):O285-91. doi: 10.1111/1469-0691.12406. Epub 2013 Nov 4. Full text available. [PubMed]
Staphylococcus aureus is the most commonly isolated pathogen in respiratory tract secretions from young patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), and several treatment strategies are used to control the infection. One thousand and sixty-one S. aureus isolates cultured from 2526 samples from 130 CF patients during a 2-year study period were subjected to spa typing. Intervals between positive samples and the occurrence of clone replacements were calculated in relation to courses of IV antimicrobial agents. Of 65 patients chronically infected with S. aureus, 37 received 139 courses of IV antimicrobial agents with activity against S. aureus (mean duration, 15 days; range, 6-31 days). Administration of IV antibiotics increased the time to the next sample with growth of S. aureus: the mean interval between two positive samples was 68 days if IV treatment had been administered, in contrast to 49 days if no IV treatment had been administered (p 0.003). When S. aureus recurred in sputum after IV treatment, the isolate belonged to a different clone in 33 of 114 (29%) intervals, in comparison with 68 of 232 (29%) intervals where IV treatment had not been prescribed (OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.60-1.61). The authors concluded antibiotics significantly suppress chronic staphylococcal infection in CF, but is not associated with the eradication of persistent bacterial clones.
– Fifty percent (65/130) of the CF patients attending the Aarhus CF clinic (one of the two major CF centres in Denmark) were chronically infected with S. aureus. The present findings confirm the expected failure to eradicate chronic S. aureus. As occurs with P. aeruginosa, once chronic infection is established, as appears to be the case in a surprisingly high proportion of these patients, suppression is the best one can achieve – eradication is usually impossible. It is surprising that in many clinics S. aureus infection is not treated as early and aggressively as is P. aeruginosa, where chronic infection was at one time considered to be inevitable but can usually be avoided by early aggressive antibiotic treatment. It is interesting that the incidence of chronic S. aureus infection in the other Danish CF Centre in Copenhagen was only 14% where a more aggressive anti-staphylococcal policy has been adopted for many years (Dalboge CS et al, 2013 [PubMed])
Andres Floto R, Haworth CS. The growing threat of non-tuberculous mycobacteria in CF. J Cyst Fibros 2015; 14(1):1-2. Editorial. [PubMed]
The authors note the recent growing awareness of the threat of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) to individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF) and an increasing appreciation of the difficulties in screening, diagnosing and treating NTM-pulmonary infection in the context of CF lung disease. They provide a useful summary of the present situation.There are two main groups of NTM that cause the majority of infections in individuals with CF: the Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) consisting of M. avium, M. intracellulare and M. chimaera; and the M. abscessus complex (MABSC) made up of three subspecies, M. abscessus spp. abscessus, M. abscessus. spp. massiliense and M. abscessus spp. bolettii. While MAC is the more common infection in the US [PubMed], studies have suggested that MABSC is more frequent in Europe [PubMed] and elsewhere [PubMed]. Moreover, the rates of MABSC infection appear to be rising across the world[PubMed]; CFF Registry 2010]; a positive sputum culture for MABSC is more likely to indicate the presence of NTM-mediated lung damage (termed ‘NTM pulmonary disease’) rather than asymptomatic colonisation [PubMed]; and treatment of MABSC remains extremely difficult.
Banton GL, Hall GL, Tan M, Skoric B, Ranganathan SC, Franklin PJ, Pillow JJ, Schulzke SM, Simpson SJ. Multiple breath washout cannot be used for tidal breath parameter analysis in infants. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2015 Oct 5. doi: 10.1002/ppul.23326. [Epub ahead of print][PubMed]
Multiple breath washout (MBW) testing with SF6 gas mixture is routinely used to assess ventilation distribution in infants. It is currently unknown whether SF6 changes tidal breathing parameters during MBW in infants. We investigated if SF6 does change tidal breathing parameters in infants and whether a separate tidal breathing trace prior to MBW testing is necessary.The authors found differences in tidal breathing parameters during MBW testing with SF6 in infants. It is, therefore, important to measure a separate tidal breathing trace in room air, prior to MBW testing to ensure rigour of tidal breath indices derived from analysis.
Bar-On O; Mussaffi H; Mei-Zahav M; Prais D; Steuer G; Stafler P; Hananya S; Blau H. Increasing nontuberculous mycobacteria infection in cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros 2015; 14(1):53-62. [PubMed]
Patient records, 2002-2011, were reviewed for NTM infection. FEV1, pancreatic function, sputum microbiology, and serum cytokines were compared in patients with and without NTM infection.The incidence of NTM infection increased from nil in 2002 to 8.7% in 2011 (p<0.001). NTM infection prevalence increased 3-fold from 5% (4/79) in 2003 to 14.5% (16/110) in 2011 (p=0.05). NTM incidence and prevalence have increased dramatically in the CF clinic in the Graub CF Center in Israel, associated with a severe CF genotype and phenotype. M. abscessus, the most prevalent NTM, caused prolonged infection despite therapy. There has been some decrease in the prevalence of NTM lung disease since 2009.
– A useful record of longitudinal experience from a major clinic in Israel documenting the increasing problem of non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection.
Beauvillard D, Perrin A, Drapier H, Ravel C, Fréour T, Férec C, De Braekeleer M, Amice V. Congenital bilateral absence of vas deferens: From diagnosis to assisted reproductive techniques – the experience of three centers. Gynecol Obstet Fertil. 2015 May; 43(5):367-74. doi: 10.1016/j.gyobfe.2015.03.009. Epub 2015 Apr 17. (French) [PubMed] To review the management with assisted reproductive technologies (ART) of men with congenital bilateral absence of vas deferens (CBAVD), associated with cystic fibrosis or not, after surgical retrieval [epididymal aspiration (MESA) or testicular biopsy (TESE)].Multicenter retrospective study made of 2 groups: CBAVD and cystic fibrosis (CF) or CBAVD only (CF-RD). Two centers performed MESA (Brest and Nantes) and one TESE (Rennes). Sperm numeration, motility, vitality, morphology and nuclear maturity were measured in both centers performing MESA. Fertilization rate (TF) and cumulated progressive pregnancy rate by retrieved oocyte (TGC) were compared between centers following ART.Ninety patients underwent surgical retrieval between January 1996 and March 2013, 30 in the CF group and 60 in the CF-RD group. Semen parameters were comparable between groups and centers. Fifty-eight (22 in the CF group and 36 in the CF-RD group) patients received ART between April 1996 and October 2014. Fertilisation rate was 50% and 52% and TGC 26% and 32% in the CF group and CF-RD groups, respectively. The results did not differ between groups but TGC was higher in Rennes than in the other two centers.Both semen parameters and ART results are comparable and similar to those reported in the literature. As shown by the results obtained in Rennes, testicular biopsy seems to be more effective.
Berkhout MC, van Velzen AJ, Touw DJ, de Kok BM, Fokkens WJ, Heijerman HG. Systemic absorption of nasally administered tobramycin and colistin in patients with cystic fibrosis. Antimicrob Chemother 2014; 69(11):3112-5. doi: 10.1093/jac/dku239. Epub 2014 Jul 11. [PubMed]
A study was to investigate the systemic absorption of nasally administered tobramycin (300mg), colistin (administered as colistin sulfomethate sodium; CMS 160mg) and a combination of same doses of both drugs using systemic absorption as surrogate for safety. In addition, tolerability of the nasal irrigations was examined.In ten adult patients nasal irrigations with tobramycin, CMS and a combination of tobramycin and CMS resulted in safe serum levels and were well tolerated. Following the tobramycin and the combined irrigation, only two patients had detectable tobramycin serum levels, with the highest being 0.054 mg/L. Serum levels of colistin A and B were not detectable.
– The possibility of absorption of topically administered aminoglycosides is a concern in patients requiring repeated or longterm administration by inhalation. Although the amount absorbed appears to be small, the repeated or chronic exposure could be a significant factor as has been shown in a number of studies. Also tobramycon inhaltions to the chest using eFlow nebulisemay result in potentially worrying serum levels over 1mg/L, raised unrinary NAG levels suggesting the possibility of renal toxicity .(Guy EL et al. 2010. [PubMed]
Beam KT, Coop CA. Steroid sparing effect of omalizumab in seropositive allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. Allergy Rhinol (Providence). 2015 Jan;6(2):143-5. doi: 10.2500/ar.2015.6.0128. [PubMed]
A patient with CF with serologic ABPA who did not tolerate therapy with antifungals, was able to significantly reduce (by nearly 80%) her average daily steroid use while receiving anti-IgE therapy with omalizumab added to her other respiratory medications.
– Omalizumab may reduce corticosteroid dependence in patients with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis for patients unable to tolerate antifungals, though the authors warn the use may be limited by cost. Omalizumab is a recombinant DNA-derived humanized IgG1k monoclonal antibody that specifically binds to free human immunoglobulin E (IgE) in the blood and interstitial fluid and to membrane-bound form of IgE (mIgE) on the surface of mIgE-expressing B lymphocytes (Schulman ES. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001; 164(8 Pt 2):s6-11. [PubMed]).
Bielicky L; Braun-Falco M; Ruzicka T; Maier T. Aquagenic wrinkling of the palms: morphological changes in reflectance confocal microscopy and high-definition optical coherence tomography. Dermatology 2015; 230(3):208-12 [PubMed]
Fig1 1. Top pre-ivacaftor
lower: after ivacaftor
Aquagenic wrinkling of the palms (AWP) is a rare condition, which is characterized by appearance of whitish papules and plaques, and an excessive wrinkling and swelling of the palmar skin after exposure to water. In most cases, young women are affected, and an association of AWP with cystic fibrosis (CF) has been described.Two cases of AWP, not related to CF, in whom we used two innovative imaging techniques, namely high-definition optical coherence tomography and reflectance confocal microscopy, to show in vivo skin changes occurring after exposure of the skin to tap water in comparison to the findings in a healthy control person.
The image is from Grasemann H et al. Aquagenic wrinkling of the palms in a patient with cystic fibrosis. N Eng J Med 2013; 369:2362-2363. Letter.
The patient’s palm (figure 1) is shown before (top Panel A) and after (Panel B) 1 month of treatment with ivacaftor. The images shown were obtained after the patient’s left hand was submerged in a water bath at 37°C for 5 minutes.
Bourget P, Amin A, Dupont C, Abely M, Desmazes-Dufeu N, Dubus JC, Jouani BL, Merlette C, Nové-Josserand R, Pages J, Panzo R, Vidal F, Voge F, Hubert D. How to minimize toxic exposure to pyridine during continuous infusion of ceftazidime in patients with cystic fibrosis? Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2014 May;58(5):2849-55. doi: 10.1128/AAC.02637-13. Epub 2014 Mar 10. Free article[PubMed]
Ceftazidime is particularly efficient against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis patients. Thus, the spontaneous production of pyridine, which is a toxic product, raises some concern. Our aim was to examine the kinetics of degradation of ceftazidime in portable infusion pumps either at 4°C, 22°C, or 33°C and to propose some recommendations in order to reduce the pyridine exposure.The authors consider their findings lead to three important major recommendations: (i) exposing a solution of ceftazidime to over 22°C should be strictly avoided, (ii) a divided dose of 6 g over 11.5 h instead of a once-daily administration is preferred, and (iii) infusion should be administered immediately after reconstitution.
Boruczkowski D; Gladysz D; Demkow U; Pawelec K. The Potential of Wharton’s Jelly Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Treating Patients with Cystic Fibrosis. Adv Exp Med Biol 2015; 833:23-9. [PubMed]
Even though CF is monogenic, the trials of topical gene transfer into airway epithelial cells have so far been disappointing. It is proven that stem cells can be differentiated into type II alveolar epithelial cells. Wharton’s jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) from non-CF carrier third-party donors could be an effective alternative to bone marrow or embryonic stem cells. This review discusses the clinical potential of mesenchymal stem cell in CF patients.
Bodewes FA; Verkade HJ; Taminiau JA; Borowitz D; Wilschanski M; Working group Cystic Fibrosis and Pancreatic Disease of the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology. Cystic fibrosis and the role of gastrointestinal outcome measures in the new era of therapeutic CFTR modulation. Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN). J Cyst Fibros 2015;14(2):169-77. [PubMed]
The currently available and accepted clinical endpoints, FEV1 and BMI, have limitations. The aim of this report is to draw attention to the need and the ample possibilities for the development and validation of relevant gastrointestinal clinical endpoints for scientific evaluation of CFTR modulation treatment, particularly in young children and infants. The gastrointestinal tract offers very good opportunities to measure CFTR protein function and systematically evaluate CF related clinical outcomes based on the principal clinical gastrointestinal manifestations of CF: intestinal pH, intestinal transit time, intestinal bile salt malabsorption, intestinal inflammation, exocrine pancreatic function and intestinal fat malabsorption.
– The article contains a descriptive analysis of a variety of gastrointestinal outcome measures for clinical relevance, reliability, validity, responsiveness to interventions, feasibility in particular in young children and the availability of reference values.
An attractive feature of the new drugs that directly affect CFTR function is that they act systemically and not merely on the airways. Already changes in pancreatic function and insulin production aredescribed in patients on ivacaftor (Belin MD et al. 2013. [PubMed]).Some such form of extrapulmonary measure of change in CFTR function may be helpful particularly in young children where respiratory function tests are a problem.
Burgess JC, Bridges N, Banya W, Gyi KM, Hodson ME, Bilton D, Simmonds NJ. HbA1c as a screening tool for cystic fibrosis related diabetes. J Cyst Fibros. 2015 Apr 10. pii: S1569-1993(15)00068-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jcf.2015.03.013. [Epub ahead of print] [PubMed]
Early diagnosis of cystic fibrosis (CF) related diabetes (CFRD) is important to improve outcomes. International guidelines recommend an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) for all CF patients aged ≥10years – this approach is controversial. The aim of this study was to develop an effective screening tool and reduce the need for a universal OGTT.Adult CF patients (without CFRD) attending an annual review assessment were recruited prospectively (March 2009-July 2012) into two sequential studies – a primary investigative study followed by validation study. All patients underwent an OGTT and were simultaneously screened by predetermined biochemical/clinical criteria to identify their risk of CFRD. A sensitivity/specificity analysis was performed using the World Health Organisation diabetes criteria as gold standard; modifications were made to improve the screening tool’s accuracy and determine the optimal screening thresholds. This was tested in the validation study.429 patients (primary, n=94; validation, n=335: mean age=31.7±10.4(SD), 43% female, 77% on pancreatic supplements). Primary study: in predicting a positive OGTT, the test sensitivity was 66.7% and specificity 60%. HbA1c was carried over to the validation study as it was the most discriminative (optimal threshold ≥5.8% (40mmol/mol); receiver operating curve, ROC, score 0.60). Validation study: the number of patients with a normal, impaired and diabetic OGTT was 268(80%), 51(15.2%) and 16(4.8%), respectively. HbA1c provided a test sensitivity, specificity and ROC score of 93.8%, 53.0% and 0.73, respectively.The authors conclude the use of HbA1c≥5.8%(40mmol/mol) is an effective tool for CFRD screening and reduced the need for an OGTT by 50.7%.
Comment: Marie-Angela Schnyder, Christian Benden, Christoph Schmid HbA1c: An effective screening tool for cystic fibrosis related diabetes? Caution “Overall, we concur that clinical criteria remain important in diagnostic strategies and treatment decisions, and that in CF patients in good clinical condition, low HbA1c could possibly serve as a tool to reduce the number of oGTTs; however, we strongly recommend oGTTs in patients with advanced CF lung disease and poor clinical condition with a high pretest probability of insulinopenia; since these patients may well benefit from insulin treatment, beyond the control of hyperglycaemia, ideally improving muscle and lung functions”
Comment: John Widger, Shihab Hameed, Chee Y. Charles VergeUsing HbA1c as a screening tool for Cystic Fibrosis Related Diabetes DOI:
Support “The HbA1c is a relatively cheap and simple one off blood test that would seem to fit the brief perfectly”.
Bernarde C, Keravec M, Mounier J, Gouriou S, Rault G, Férec C, Barbier G, Héry-Arnaud G. Effect of the CFTR-Potentiator Ivacaftor on Airway Microbiota in Cystic Fibrosis Patients Carrying A G551D Mutation. PLoS One. 2015 Apr 8;10(4):e0124124. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124124. eCollection 2015. [PubMed]
The purpose of this study was to follow the evolution of the airway microbiota in CF patients treated with ivacaftor, using quantitative PCR and pyro-sequencing of 16S rRNA amplicons, in order to identify quantitative and qualitative changes in bacterial communities. Three G551D children were followed up longitudinally over a mean period of more than one year covering several months before and after initiation of ivacaftor treatment.
129 operational taxonomy units (OTUs), representing 64 genera, were identified. There was no significant difference in total bacterial load before and after treatment. Comparison of global community composition found no significant changes in microbiota. Two OTUs, however, showed contrasting dynamics: after initiation of ivacaftor, the relative abundance of the anaerobe Porphyromonas 1 increased (p<0.01) and that of Streptococcus 1 (S. mitis group) decreased (p<0.05), possibly in relation to the anti-Gram-positive properties of ivacaftor. The anaerobe Prevotella 2 correlated positively with the pulmonary function test FEV-1 (r=0.73, p<0.05). The study confirmed the presumed positive role of anaerobes in lung function.
The authors concluded that several airway microbiota components, notably anaerobes (obligate or facultative anaerobes), could be valuable biomarkers of lung function improvement under ivacaftor, and could shed light on the pathophysiology of lung disease in CF patients.
– Another potentially important consequence of taking ivacaftor. It is reassuring that the various additional effects of the drug are receiving attention as well as the dramatic effects on the usual measured parameters.
Burgel PR, Bellis G, Olesen HV, Viviani L, Zolin A, Blasi F, Elborn JS; ERS/ECFS Task Force on The Provision of Care for Adults with Cystic Fibrosis in Europe. Future trends in cystic fibrosis demography in 34 European countries.Eur Respir J. 2015 Mar 18. pii: ERJ-01963-2014. [Epub ahead of print] [PubMed]
The aim of this study was to estimate the number of children and adults with CF in 34 European countries by 2025. Western European countries’ forecasts indicate that an increase in the overall number of CF patients by 2025, by approximately 50%, corresponds to an increase by 20% and by 75% in children and adults, respectively. In Eastern European countries the projections suggest a predominant increase in the CF child population, although the CF adult population would also increase. It was concluded that a large increase in the adult CF population is expected in the next decade. A significant increase in adult CF services throughout Europe is urgently required.
Casciaro R, Naselli A, Cresta F, Ros M, Castagnola E, Minicucci L. Role of nebulized amphotericin B in the management of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis in cystic fibrosis: Case report and review of literature. J Chemother. 2015 Oct;27(5):307-11. doi: 10.1179/1973947814Y.0000000194. Epub 2014 May 14. [PubMed]
The authors used nebulized liposomal amphotericin B (L-AMB) in a patient affected by CF, complicated by ABPA. The previous combined treatment with oral steroids and azoles had no respiratory benefit and caused relevant side effects. Amphotericin B has always been well tolerated and permitted a slight steroid tapering. They also observed benefits in pulmonary function and laboratory tests.
– Few data are available in literature about the use of nebulized AMB in CF and there are no RCTs evaluating antifungals in CF-ABPA. In this reviewer’s opinion, the reported case suggests that nebulized L-AMB could represent a possible strategy in ABPA management in CF patients.
There is an encouraging later RCT of nebulised budesonide +/- amphotericin in 21 asthmatic patients with ABPA. Over a year 66.7% of the controls but only 8.3% of the treated patients had exacerbations of their ABPA (Ram et al.2016.[PubMed])
Carter S, Kelly S, Caples E, Grogan B, Doyle J, Gallagher CG, McKone EF. Ivacaftor as salvage therapy in a patient with cystic fibrosis genotype F508del/R117H/IVS8-5T. J Cyst Fibros. 2015 Jul; 14(4):e4-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jcf.2015.01.010. Epub 2015 Feb 16. [PubMed]
R117H-CFTR is a relatively common CFTR mutation that demonstrates an in-vitro response to ivacaftor. A clinical trial has suggested that there may be a role for ivacaftor in older patients with R117H-CFTR although this trial did not include patients with very severe CF lung disease. The authors report a case demonstrating a substantial therapeutic effect of ivacaftor in a CF patient with genotype F508del/R117H and advanced lung disease.
A 45-year-old male with CF (F508del/R117H/IVS8-5T/9T), was diagnosed at the age of 16 years old. His CF is complicated by advanced lung disease (FEV1=31% predicted, SaO2=95% on 1l O2 at rest), chronic infection with Burkholderia multivorans and pancreatic insufficiency (faecal elastase=135mcg/g (normal>200mcg/g)); frequent exacerbations necessitated continuous IV antibiotic therapy. There was substantial improvement on inacaftor therapy. After 5 months of treatment, his weight is up by 4.3kg with an increase in FEV1 to 1.50l (42% predicted). Immediate improvements in FEV1 were seen at 2weeks and continued up to a peak at day 75. The patient also reports improved sputum volume and colour although is still growing B. multivorans in his sputum. Exercise capacity is much improved with an improvement in 6-minute walk test distance and decreased oxygen requirements at rest and with exercise. CRP levels have reduced to between 14 and 28mmol/l, the lowest seen in 12months. Faecal elastase is now in the normal range (355mcg/g; repeat 1month later 492mcg/g). Sweat chloride on ivacaftor has reduced to 46mmol/l. As a result, his continuous iv antibiotics have now been stopped and on 28th March he was taken off the active lung transplant list. To date, he continues to do well and is being followed closely by his CF team in conjunction with the lung transplant team.
– There are useful references in the paper to the various mutations that respond to ivacaftor therapy (Van Goor F et al. J Cyst Fibros 2014; 13(1):29-36.[PubMed]) including the R117H-CFTR mutation (Moss RB et al. J Cyst Fibros 2014; 13(S2):44).
The improvement in faecal elastase is interesting and has been noted previously (Bellin et al. 2013. [PubMed]; Hayes D et al. 2014. [PubMed]) It is tempting to speculate that early ivacaftor therapy may delay or even avoid diabetes mellitus which is such a burden to people with CF.
Calabrese C; Tosco A; Abete P; Carnovale V; Basile C; Magliocca A; Quattrucci S; De Sanctis S; Alatri F; Mazzarella G; De Pietro L; Turino C; Melillo E; Buonpensiero P; Di Pasqua A; Raia V. Randomized, single blind, controlled trial of inhaled glutathione vs. placebo in patients with cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros 2015; 14(2):203-10. [PubMed]
Fifty four adult and 51 pediatric patients were randomised to receive inhaled GSH or placebo twice daily for 12 months. Twelve months treatment with inhaled GSH did not achieve the predetermined primary outcome measure of 15% improvement in FEV1%. Only in patients with moderate lung disease, 3, 6 and 9 months therapy with GSH resulted in a statistically significant increase of FEV1 values from the baseline. Moreover GSH therapy improved 6-minute walking test in pediatric population. GSH was well tolerated by all patients.The authors concluded that based on the results of this clinical trial, the treatment with inhaled GSH is assumed to lead an almost immediate improvement in the FEV1 in patients with moderate lung disease, a stabilization of BMI in adult population and an improvement of 6 minute walking test in children. In a prospective observational study that is currently ongoing in their center they have selected Lung Clearance Index as a more sensitive alternative to spirometry for detecting efficacy of GSH therapy also in patients with CF and mild lung disease. inhaled GSH has slight positive effects in CF patients with moderate lung disease warranting further study.
– The literature on the use of glutathione in CF is mounting but its apparent modest effects are not of a degree that would encouraged clinicians to introduce it into their patients’ already complicated treatment regimens.
Castellani C, Massie J. Newborn screening and carrier screening for cystic fibrosis: alternative or complementary? Eur Respir J. 2014 Jan;43(1):20-3. 10.1183/09031936.00125613. Free full text [PubMed]
After an interesting review of the two methods of screening the authors conclude CF newborn and carrier screening have complementary roles and neither can replace the other. In contrast to newborn screening, carrier screening allows informed reproductive choices before the birth of a child with CF. Carrier screening may get infants into medical care earlier than newborn screening, but would miss more affected babies.
– Both population carrier screening and newborn CF screening should be available in an ideal world. Unfortunately and understandably, the new very effective mutation specific drugs have overshadowed the fact that CF is now a virtually totally preventable disease and has been for over 20 years.
Castellani C, Picci L, Tridello G, Casati E, Tamanini A, Bartoloni L, Scarpa M, Assael BM. Cystic fibrosis carrier screening effects on birth prevalence and newborn screening. Genet Med. 2015 Jun 18. doi: 10.1038/gim.2015.68. [Epub ahead of print] [PubMed]
The effects of cystic fibrosis (CF) carrier screening on birth prevalence trends and newborn screening (NBS) efficiency were compared in two Italian regions; carrier screening was performed in one region (eastern region (ER)) and not in the other (western region (WR)).Annual births of infants with CF, NBS false-positive results, NBS uncertain diagnoses (borderline sweat chloride (BSC)), carrier tests performed, and carriers detected were monitored during the 1993-2013 period.A total of 259 newborns with CF were detected. In the ER (carrier screening), 150 carrier couples were found. Mean annual percentage of birth prevalence decrease was 9% per 10,000 (P = 0.002) and was greater in the ER (15%, P = 0.0008; WR 1%, P = ns). The WR (no carrier screening) estimated birth prevalence was 1/3,589 in 1993 and 1/3,870 in 2013; in the ER it was 1/2,730 in 1993 and 1/14,200 in 2013. The ER birth prevalence correlated inversely with the number of carrier couples (P = 0.0032). The ratio between CF cases and NBS-positive results significantly decreased in the ER (1.6%, P = 0.0001) but not in the WR. The ratio between prevalence of BSC and of CF cases increased in the ER (P = 0.008) but not in the WR (P = 0.1).
– Carrier screening was associated with a decrease in birth prevalence of CF. Poorer newborn screening performance was observed in the carrier screening area.
Conrad C; Lymp J; Thompson V; Dunn C; Davies Z; Chatfield B; Nichols D; Clancy J; Vender R; Egan ME; Quittell L; Michelson P; Antony V; Spahr J; Rubenstein RC; Moss RB; Herzenberg LA; Goss CH; Tirouvanziam R. Long-term treatment with oral N-acetylcysteine: affects lung function but not sputum inflammation in cystic fibrosis subjects. A phase II randomized placebo-controlled trial. J Cyst Fibros 2015; 14(2):219-27. [PubMed]
To evaluate the effects of oral N-acetylcysteine (NAC), which replenishes systemic glutathione, on decreasing inflammation and improving lung function in CF airways, a multicenter, randomized, double-blind proof of concept study was performed in which 70 CF subjects received NAC or placebo orally thrice daily for 24 weeks. Primary endpoints were change in sputum human neutrophil elastase (HNE) activity; secondary, FEV(1) and other clinical lung function measures; and safety, the safety and tolerability of NAC and the potential of NAC to promote pulmonary hypertension in subjects with CF.Lung function (FEV(1) and FEF(25-75%)) remained stable or increased slightly in the NAC group but decreased in the placebo group (p=0.02 and 0.02). Log(10). Human neutrophil elastase activity remained equal between cohorts (difference 0.21, 95% CI -0.07 to 0.48, p=0.14).The authors concluded NAC recipients maintained their lung function while placebo recipients declined (24 week FEV1 treatment effect =150 mL, p<0.02). However, no effect on HNE activity and other selected biomarkers of neutrophilic inflammation were detected. They suggested further studies on mechanism and clinical outcome are warranted.
– Most studies with glutathione or acetylcysteine (usually oral) in CF seem to show very modest improvement in either the antioxidant status or respiratory function. However, the treatment is still not recommended in the UK by the Cochrane Reviewers for treatment of people with CF (Cochrane Database Syst Rev2013;7:CD007168). More positive evidence is required for a drug to take it’s place amongst the vast number of treatments patients are expected to take.
Chang EH; Tang XX; Shah VS; Launspach JL; Ernst SE; Hilkin B; Karp PH; Abou Alaiwa MH; Graham SM; Hornick DB; Welsh MJ; Stoltz DA; Zabner J. Medical reversal of chronic sinusitis in a cystic fibrosis patient with ivacaftor. Forum of Allergy & Rhinology 2015; 5(2):178-81. [PubMed]
Case report of 1 patient with long-standing chronic sinus disease and a new diagnosis of CF with a mild mutation (P205S) and a severe mutation (G551D). Clinical changes in symptoms, radiographic findings, nasal potential difference testing, and nasal pH values before and after treatment with ivacaftor are reported. The authors then developed primary sinonasal epithelial cell cultures from a biopsy of the patient to determine changes in airway surface liquid (ASL) pH and ASL viscosity after ivacaftor treatment.Ivacaftor treatment reversed CT findings of CF sinus disease, increased nasal voltage and pH, and resolved sinus symptoms after 10 months of therapy. Ivacaftor significantly increased ASL pH and decreased ASL viscosity in primary airway cultures.The authors state that this report documents the reversal of CF sinus disease. Based on their in vivo and in vitro results, they speculate that ivacaftor may reverse CF sinusitis by increasing ASL pH and decreasing ASL viscosity.
Davis SD, Ratjen F, Brumback LC, Johnson RC, Filbrun AG, Kerby GS, Panitch HB, Donaldson SH, Rosenfeld M; ISIS Study Group. Infant lung function tests as endpoints in the ISIS multicenter clinical trial in cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros. 2015 Nov 4. pii: S1569-1993(15)00249-0. doi: 10.1016/j.jcf.2015.10.007. [Epub ahead of print] [PubMed]
The Infant Study of Inhaled Saline (ISIS) in CF was the first multicenter clinical trial to utilise infant pulmonary function tests (iPFTs) as an endpoint. However, the authors concluded iPFTs are, as yet, not appropriate primary endpoints for multicenter clinical trials due to challenges of obtaining acceptable data and near-normal average raised volume measurements. However, they suggest raised volume measures have potential to serve as secondary endpoints in future clinical CF trials.
Davies J, Sheridan H, Bell N, Cunningham S, Davis SD, Elborn JS, Milla CE, Starner TD, Weiner DJ, Lee PS, Ratjen F. Assessment of clinical response to ivacaftor with lung clearance index in cystic fibrosis patients with a G551D-CFTR mutation and preserved spirometry: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet Respir Med. 2013 Oct;1(8):630-8. doi: 10.1016/S2213-2600(13)70182-6. Epub 2013 Sep 10. [PubMed]
Lung clearance index (LCI) using multiple-breath washout might be an alternative to and more sensitive method than forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) to assess treatment response in the growing number of children and young adults with cystic fibrosis who have normal spirometry.
The aim of the study was to assess the treatment effects of ivacaftor on LCI in patients with cystic fibrosis, a G551D-CFTR mutation, and an FEV1 >90% predicted.
This phase 2, multicentre, placebo-controlled, double-blind 2×2 crossover study of ivacaftor treatment was conducted in patients with cystic fibrosis, at least one G551D-CFTR allele, and an FEV1 >90% predicted. Patients also had to have an LCI higher than 7·4 at screening, age of 6 years or older, and a weight higher than or equal to 15 kg. Eligible patients were randomly allocated to receive one of two treatment sequences (placebo first followed by ivacaftor 150 mg twice daily [sequence 1] or ivacaftor 150 mg twice daily first followed by placebo [sequence 2]) of 28 days’ treatment in each period, with a 28-day washout between the two treatment periods. Randomisation (ratio 1:1) was done with block sizes of 4, and all site personnel including the investigator, the study monitor, and the Vertex study team were masked to treatment assignment. The primary outcome measure was change from baseline in LCI.
Between February and November, 2011, 21 patients were enrolled, of which 11 were assigned to the sequence 1 group, and 10 to the sequence 2 group. 20 of these patients received treatment and 17 completed the trial (eight in sequence 1 group and 9 in sequence 2 group).Treatment with ivacaftor led to significant improvements compared with placebo in LCI (difference between groups in the average of mean changes from baseline at days 15 and 29 was -2·16 [95% CI -2·88 to -1·44]; p<0·0001). Adverse events experienced by study participants were similar between treatment groups; at least one adverse event was reported by 15 (79%) of 19 patients who received placebo and 13 (72%) of 18 patients who received ivacaftor.
The authors concluded that in patients with cystic fibrosis aged 6 years or older who have at least one G551D-CFTR allele, ivacaftor led to improvements in Lung Clearance Index. They suggesedt that LCI might be a more sensitive alternative to FEV1 in detecting response to intervention in these patients with mild lung disease.
Delatycki MB, Burke J, Christie L, Collins F, Gabbett M, George P, Haan E, Ioannou L, Martin N, McKenzie F, O’Leary P, Scoble-Williams N, Turner G; Human Genetics Society of Australasia. Human Genetics Society of Australasia position statement: population-based carrier screening for cystic fibrosis. Twin Res Hum Genet. 2014 Dec;17(6):578-83. doi: 10.1017/thg.2014.65. [PubMed]
Since 1989 it has been possible to identify heterozygous mutation carriers at risk of having affected children. The Human Genetics Society of Australasia has produced a position statement with recommendations in relation to population-based screening for CF. These include:
(1) that screening should be offered to all relatives of people with or carriers of CF (cascade testing) as well as to all couples planning to have children or who are pregnant;
(2) the minimum CFTR mutation panel to be tested consists of 17 mutations which are those mutations that are associated with typical CF and occur with a frequency of 0.1% or higher among individuals diagnosed with CF in Australasia
(3) that genetic counseling is offered to all couples where both members are known to have one or two CFTR mutations and that such couples are given the opportunity to meet with a physician with expertise in the management of CF as well as a family/individual affected by the condition.
– These are welcome recommendations. It is important to emphasise that CF is now a preventable disorder although in many countries, such as the UK, advantage of the opportunity to identify CF carriers in the general population or antenatal clinic is not being taken for a variety reasons – not always financial.
Dell’Edera D, Benedetto M, Gadaleta G, Carone D, Salvatore D, Angione A, Gallo M, Milo M, Pisaturo ML, Pierro G, Mazzone E, Epifania AA. Analysis of cystic fibrosis gene mutations in children with cystic fibrosis and in 964 infertile couples within the region of Basilicata, Italy: a research study. J Med Case Rep. 2014 Oct 10;8:339. doi: 10.1186/1752-1947-8-339. [PubMed]
This study reports the results of a molecular screening of cystic fibrosis using DNA samples of patients enrolled from January 2009 to December 2013. Patients were referred for cystic fibrosis screening for infertile couples. In addition, gene mutations were identified in 76 patients affected by cystic fibrosis in the pediatric population of Basilicata.In the 964 infertile couples examined, 132 subjects (13.7%) (69 women and 63 men) were heterozygous for one of the CFTR mutations, with an occurrence of carriers of 6.85%. The occurrence of carriers in infertile couples is significantly higher from the hypothetical value of the general population (4%).In the Basilicata region of Italy the CFTR phenotype is caused by a small number of mutations. The authors aim to develop a kit able to detect not less than 96% of CTFR gene mutations.
– Not sure if there is any general message here other than, in this particular region, the incidence of CF carriers in infertile couples is slightly higher than in the general population.
Diwakar A, Adam RJ, Michalski AS, Tamegnon MM, Fischer AJ, Launspach JL, Horan RA, Kao SC, Chaloner K, Meyerholz DK, Stoltz DA. Sonographic evidence of abnormal tracheal cartilage ring structure in cystic fibrosis. Laryngoscope. 2015 Oct;125(10):2398-404. doi: 10.1002/lary.25255. Epub 2015 Mar 30. [PubMed]
Tracheal cartilage ring structural abnormalities have been reported in CF mice and pigs. Whether similar findings are present in humans with CF is unknown.Tracheal cartilage ring size and shape were measured in adults with (n= 21) and without CF (n = 18).Ultrasonography was used in human subjects to noninvasively assess tracheal cartilage ring structure in both the sagittal and the transverse planes. Tracheal cartilage ring thickness was also determined from histological sections obtained from newborn non-CF and CF pigs. These values were compared with human data.Human CF tracheas had a greater width and were less circular in shape compared to non-CF subjects. CF tracheal cartilage rings had a greater midline cross-sectional area and were thicker compared to non-CF rings. Maximal tracheal cartilage ring thickness was also greater in both newborn CF pigs and human adults with CF, compared to non-CF controls.The authors’ findings demonstrate that structural differences exist in tracheal cartilage rings in adults with CF. Comparison with newborn CF pig data suggests that some of these changes may be congenital in nature.
Doumit M; Jaffe A. Use of the Lung Flute for sputum induction in children with cystic fibrosis: a pilot study. Pediatr Pulmonol 2015; 50(4):340-3. [PubMed]
Fig 2. Lung flute
This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of the Lung Flute (figure 2) in obtaining a sputum sample from children with cystic fibrosis (CF) that were not productive of sputum with coughing alone. Children attending an outpatient CF clinic who were not able to provide a sample with coughing alone were eligible. Each child used the Lung Flute on two occasions at least one month apart. The primary outcome was expectoration of a sputum sample. The authors found the lung flute to be clinically useful and an easy device for sputum induction in children with CF. They suggested further research comparing its effectiveness to other sputum induction methods is warranted.
– The lung flute (figure 1) is a medical device used to clear mucus from congested lungs with low-frequency sound waves. The device consists of a mouthpiece and a plastic reed which vibrates within a chamber to create sound waves in the chest cavity. These sound waves vibrate and break up mucus deposits in the lungs, allowing cilia to more easily move these deposits from the lungs to the throat. The lung flute was granted approval by the FDA in 2010 for use in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Driessche KV, Hens N, Tilley P, Quon BS, Chilvers MA, de Groot R, Cotton MF, Marais BJ, Speert DP, Zlosnik JE. Surgical Masks Reduce Airborne Spread of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Colonized Patients with Cystic Fibrosis. J Respir Crit Care Med. 2015 Oct 1;192(7):897-9. doi: 10.1164/rccm.201503-0481LE. [PubMed]
Extract from the letter. – “The controlled human aerosol model used in our study produced relatively precise and repeatable results despite a small sample size. Among patients with CF colonised with P. aeruginosa and producing infectious aerosol particles (55%), we demonstrated a greater than 80% reduction in infectious aerosol particle production when wearing a surgical mask while coughing. Our data provide evidence for the new Cystic Fibrosis Foundation guideline to wear surgical masks in healthcare settings”.
Dziekiewicz MA, Banaszkiewicz A, Urzykowska A, Lisowska A, Rachel M, Sands D, Walkowiak J, Radzikowski A, Albrecht P. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease in Children with Cystic Fibrosis. Exp Med Biol. 2015 Aug 19. [Epub ahead of print][PubMed]
Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) was diagnosed in 24/44 (54.5%) children with CF. In 14/44 patients typical GER symptoms were present. The authors confirm that the incidence of GER in children with cystic fibrosis is very high but in the majority of patients typical GER symptoms are absent. They emphasise classical pH-metry may not constitute a sufficient diagnostic method in this population because of a relatively high number of proximal reflux episodes indicating an increased risk of aspiration. The pH-impedance diagnostic measurement is advocated when suspecting GER in children with cystic fibrosis.
– The impedance–pH-monitoring test determines if the patient’s symptoms are related either to acid reflux, to non-acid reflux, or not related to reflux of any type.
Elborn JS, Bell SC, Madge SL, Burgel PR, Castellani C, Conway S, De Rijcke K, Dembski B, Drevinek P, Heijerman HG, Innes JA, Lindblad A, Marshall B, Olesen HV, Reimann AL, Solé A, Viviani L, Wagner TO, Welte T, Blasi F. Report of the European Respiratory Society/European Cystic Fibrosis Society task force on the care of adults with cystic fibrosis. Eur Respir J. 2016 Feb; 47(2):420-8. doi: 10.1183/13993003.00592-2015. Epub 2015 Oct 9.[PubMed]
The improved survival in people with cystic fibrosis has led to an increasing number of patients reaching adulthood. This trend is likely to be maintained over the next decades, suggesting a need to increase the number of centres with expertise in the management of adult patients with cystic fibrosis. These centres should be capable of delivering multidisciplinary care addressing the complexity of the disease, in addition to addressing the psychological burden on patients and their families. Further issues that require attention are organ transplantation and end of life management.Lung disease in adults with cystic fibrosis drives most of the clinical care requirements, and major life- threatening complications, such as respiratory infection, respiratory failure, pneumothorax and haemoptysis, and the management of lung transplantation require expertise from trained respiratory physicians. The taskforce therefore strongly recommends that medical leadership in multidisciplinary adult teams should be attributed to a respiratory physician adequately trained in cystic fibrosis management.
– The task force suggests the implementation of a core curriculum for trainees in adult respiratory medicine and the selection and accreditation of training centres that deliver postgraduate training to the standards of the HERMES programme.
Ellemunter H, Eder J, Fuchs S, Gappa M, Steinkamp G. Long-term improvement of lung clearance index in patients with mild cystic fibrosis lung disease: Does hypertonic saline play a role? J Cyst Fibros. 2015 Jul 16. pii: S1569-1993(15)00162-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jcf.2015.06.009. [Epub ahead of print] [PubMed]
Fig 3. Helmut Ellemunter
A study to assess effect of long-term inhalation of hypertonic saline (HS). 34 patients with mild lung disease (FEV1≥70% of predicted) had at least one LCI result before and ≥2 LCI measurements after start of hypertonic saline (HS) therapy. After a mean follow-up of 39.7 (SD 7.4) months after starting HS, LCI improved significantly from 7.89 (SD 1.35) at baseline to 6.96 (SD 1.03), and 19/34 patients had a normal LCI value at the last measurement. No decrease in mean FEV1 was observed. Thus, ventilation inhomogeneity can improve in patients with mild lung disease.
– The authors, whilst admitting the obvious drawbacks of the study, in particular the retrospective file evaluation of longitudinal MBW and spirometry measurements, observed a statistically significant and clinically relevant improvement in LCI over three years of hypertonic saline inhalation, in parallel with stable FEV1 results. This was in sharp contrast to the one percent yearly decline in FEV1 observed before starting HS. They suggest that the deterioration of lung disease can be halted in mildly affected patients, provided that early lung disease is detected with sensitive methods and treatment is adjusted accordingly.
A number of previous publications have reported normal LCI values for children (Fuchs SI et al 2009 [PubMed]). Mean LCI (SD) on three occasions was 6.2 (0.4), 6.3 (0.4), and 6.0 (0.4) at the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd test. The upper limit of normal was 7.0 for all subjects. Within-test repeatability was 5.1%. Short-term reproducibility (1st test vs. 2nd test) was 4.2% with a mean difference of -0.13 (95% CI -0.350; 0.087). Long-term reproducibility (1st test vs. 3rd test) was 5.1%, with a mean difference of 0.017 (95% CI -0.016; 0.348).
Dr.Helmut Ellemunter (figure 3) is Assistant Professor at the CF Centre, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria.
Farzal Z, Kou YF, St John R, Shah GB, Mitchell RB. The role of routine hearing screening in children with cystic fibrosis on aminoglycosides: A systematic review. Laryngoscope. 2015 Jul 7. doi: 10.1002/lary.25409. [Epub ahead of print] [PubMed]
Study to review the role of routine hearing screening for sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) in children with cystic fibrosis (CF) who have been on aminoglycoside therapy.Twelve studies (1979-2014) were reviewed. The study population included 762 children (5 months-20 years). Hearing screening measures included pure-tone audiometry (PTA) at standard ± high frequency threshold (HFPTA) (12/12), distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE) (4/12), transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions (1/12), and automated auditory brainstem response (1/12).The overall prevalence of sensory neural hearing loss ranged from 0% to 29%. However, on subset analysis of children with greater than 10 courses of intravenous (IV) aminoglycosides, up to 44% had sensory neural hearing loss. Eight studies recommended hearing screening in CF children on aminoglycosides; of these, two studies recommended screening even without aminoglycoside exposure, and four studies made no recommendations. HFPTA was the most commonly recommended screening measure followed by DPOAEs.
– This systematic review supports a recommendation for clinicians to arrange for routine hearing screening in children with CF during and after aminoglycoside exposure based on the high prevalence of sensorineural hearing loss in this population. They suggest future studies should define the optimal timing for hearing screening during and after aminoglycoside therapy in children with CF.
Freitas DA; Dias FA; Chaves GS; Ferreira GM; Ribeiro CT; Guerra RO; Mendonca KM. Standard (head-down tilt) versus modified (without head-down tilt) postural drainage in infants and young children with cystic fibrosis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 3:CD010297, 2015. [PubMed]
Postural drainage is used primarily in infants with cystic fibrosis from diagnosis up to the moment when they are mature enough to actively participate in self-administered treatments. However, there is a reported risk of gastroesophageal reflux associated with this technique. The authors eventually concluded that the use of a postural regimen with a 30 degree head-up tilt is associated with a lower number of gastroesophageal reflux episodes and fewer respiratory complications in the longterm. The 20 head-down postural drainage position was not found to be significantly different from the 20 head-up tilt modified position. Nevertheless, the fact that the majority of reflux episodes reached the upper oesophagus should make physiotherapists carefully consider their treatment strategy.
– There have been a number of publications on the most suitable form of physiotherapy for infants and young children since Brenda Button’s first important report of the head down position causing more frequent episodes of oesophageal reflux (Button BM et al, 1997.[PubMed]). In 2008, 25 senior physiotherapists from the Association of Chartered Physiotherapists in the UK were unable to reach a consensus on the need for physiotherapy in asymptomatic CF infants (Prasad SA et al, 2008). Recent Standards from the UK CF Trust advise, “If gastro-oesophageal reflux has been identified consider using modified postural drainage avoiding a head down tilt” (Agent P, Morrison L, Prasad A, last updated 2013). (See also Topics -> Physiotherapy). In practice experienced physiotherapists use their clinical judgment in each individual infant conscious of the fact that GO reflux is a significant contributory factor in causing chest exacerbations.
Geake JB, Reid DW, Currie BJ, Bell SC et al. An international multicentre evaluation and description of Burkholderia pseudomallei infection in cystic fibrosis. Pulm Med. 2015 Oct 9;15:116. doi: 10.1186/s12890-015-0109-9. Free PMC article [PubMed]
25 culture-confirmed cases of B. pseudomallei infection were identified. The median age at acquisition was 21years, mean FEV1 % predicted was 60%, and mean BMI was 19.5kg/m(2). The location of acquisition was northern Australia or Southeast Asia for most. 19 patients (76%) developed chronic infection, which was usually associated with clinical decline.Successful eradication strategies included a minimum of two weeks of intravenous ceftazidime, followed by a consolidation phase with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and this resulted in a higher chance of success when instituted early. Three cases of lung transplantation have been recorded in the setting of chronic B. pseudomallei infection.The authors concluded chronic carriage of B. pseudomallei in patients with CF appears common after infection, in contrast to the non-CF population. This is often associated with an accelerated clinical decline.
– A useful review of all the published cases of Burkholderia pseudomallei, an infection which seems to be associated with people with CF visiting Thailand in the rainy season – to the extent that some would advise people with CF to avoid such visits in the rainy season.
Girardet A; Ishmukhametova A; Willems M; Coubes C; Hamamah S; Anahory T; Des Georges M; Claustres M. Preimplantation genetic diagnosis for cystic fibrosis: the Montpellier center’s 10-year experience. Clin Genet 2015; 87(2):124-32, 2015 Feb. [PubMed]
Fig 4. Anne Giradet
An overview of 10 years of experience of preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) for cystic fibrosis (CF) in one center. Owing to the high allelic heterogeneity of CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) mutations in south of France, the authors set up a powerful universal test based on haplotyping eight short tandem repeats (STR) markers together with the major mutation p.Phe508del.
Of 142 couples requesting PGD for CF, 76 have been so far enrolled in the genetic work-up, and 53 had 114 PGD cycles performed. Twenty-nine cycles were canceled upon in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment because of hyper- or hypostimulation. Of the remaining 85 cycles, a total of 493 embryos were biopsied and a genetic diagnosis was obtained in 463 (93.9%), of which 262 (without or with a single CF-causing mutation) were transferable. Twenty-eight clinical pregnancies were established, yielding a pregnancy rate per transfer of 30.8% in the group of seven couples with one member affected with CF, and 38.3% in the group of couples whose both members are carriers of a CF-causing mutation [including six couples with congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens (CBAVD)]. So far, 25 children were born free of CF and no misdiagnosis was recorded. Our test is applicable to 98% of couples at risk of transmitting CF.
– As the prognosis and treatment options have improved for people with CF, the decision to terminate an early pregnancy, where the fetus is found to have CF through antenatal diagnosis in the first trimester, becomes an increasingly difficult decision for both parents and professionals. If the parents have already been identified as CF carriers through population carrier screening, by having had an affected relative or even had previous children with CF, PIGD is an ideal way to avoid having a child with CF.
The ability identify CF carriers to avoid having an affected infant, without having to terminate a pregnancy, does not seem to have received the attention it deserves since the advent of the new mutation specific treatments. Cystic fibrosis is potentially an avoidable condition using available knowledge. The first birth of a normal girl after in vitro fertilisation and preimplantation diagnostic testing for cystic fibrosis was reported as long ago as 1992 (Handyside AH et al. N Engl J Med 1992; 327(13):905-9. [PubMed]).
Girardet A, Viart V, Plaza S, Daina G, De Rycke M, Des Georges M, Fiorentino F, Harton G, Ishmukhametova A, Navarro J, Raynal C, Renwick P, Saguet F, Schwarz M, SenGupta S, Tzetis M, Roux AF, Claustres M. The improvement of the best practice guidelines for preimplantation genetic diagnosis of cystic fibrosis: toward an international consensus. Eur J Hum Genet. 2015 May 27. doi: 10.1038/ejhg.2015.99. [Epub ahead of print] (Full text available at the Eur J Hum Genet website) [PubMed]
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is one of the most common indications for preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) for single gene disorders, giving couples the opportunity to conceive unaffected children without having to consider termination of pregnancy. However, there are no available standardized protocols, so that each center has to develop its own diagnostic strategies and procedures. Furthermore, reproductive decisions are complicated by the diversity of disease-causing variants in the CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator) gene and the complexity of correlations between genotypes and associated phenotypes, so that attitudes and practices toward the risks for future offspring can vary greatly between countries. On behalf of the EuroGentest Network, eighteen experts in PGD and/or molecular diagnosis of CF from seven countries attended a workshop held in Montpellier, France, on 14 December 2011. Building on the best practice guidelines for amplification-based PGD established by ESHRE (European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology), the goal of this meeting was to formulate specific guidelines for CF-PGD in order to contribute to a better harmonization of practices across Europe. Different topics were covered including variant nomenclature, inclusion criteria, genetic counseling, PGD strategy and reporting of results. The recommendations are summarized in this paper, and updated information on the clinical significance of CFTR variants and associated phenotypes is presented.
– A very detailed paper to which many of the international experts in this area have contributed – a valuable source of information covering all aspects relating to preimplantation genetic diagnosis.
Dr. Anne Girardet (figure 4) received her PhD in Molecular Genetics from the University Montpellier, France, in 1998. She now performs PGD in this centre where she has set up several single gene disorder protocols for PGD purposes.
Grasemann H, Gonska T, Avolio J, Klingel M, Tullis E, Ratjen F. Effect of ivacaftor therapy on exhaled nitric oxide in patients with cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros. 2015 Jul 11. pii: S1569-1993(15)00163-0. doi: 10.1016/j.jcf.2015.07.001. [Epub ahead of print] [PubMed]
Fig 5. Helmut Grasemann
Airways of patients with cystic fibrosis are deficient for nitric oxide. Low nitric oxide in cystic fibrosis has been shown to be associated
Fig 6. Tanja Gonska
with poor pulmonary function and risk of infection with certain pathogens.Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) was measured before and 4weeks after initiation of ivacaftor therapy, in patients with cystic fibrosis and a CFTR gating mutation. The effect of ivacaftor on FENO was compared to treatment with inhaled dornase alfa or hypertonic saline for 4weeks, respectively.A total of 15 patients on ivacaftor therapy were studied. Pulmonary function improved significantly and mean (±SD) FENO increased from 8.5±5.0 to 16.2±15.5ppb. The effect was more pronounced in pediatric compared to adult patients. There was no linear correlation between changes in FENO, pulmonary function or sweat chloride concentration. Neither treatment with inhaled dornase alfa (n=15) or hypertonic saline (n=16) resulted in a change in FENO.
The authors suggested therapy with ivacaftor results in an increase in nitric oxide formation in cystic fibrosis airways, while dornase alfa or hypertonic saline has no effect on airway nitric oxide. Some beneficial effects of CFTR targeting therapy in CF may result from improved airway nitric oxide production.
Dr. Helmut Grasemann (figure 5) is a Professor in the Department of Paediatrics and Staff Respirologist at the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto.
Tanja Gonska (figure 6) is a staff gastroenterologist at the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto. She is particularly involved in paediatric pancreatology and research into in transepithelial ion and fluid transport in airway and intestine.
Groves T, Robinson P, Wiley V, Fitzgerald DA. Long-Term Outcomes of Children with Intermediate Sweat Chloride Values in Infancy. J Pediatr. 2015 Mar 23. pii: S0022-3476(15)00099-2. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2015.01.052. [Epub ahead of print][PubMed]
A retrospective review of children with intermediate sweat chloride values (raised immunoreactive trypsinogen/1 copy of p.F508del CF mutation on newborn screening (NBS)/sweat chloride value of 30-59 mmol/L) presenting to The Children’s Hospital at Westmead over 15 years. Patients with an intermediate sweat chloride evolving to a formal diagnosis of CF (termed “delayed CF”) were matched (2:1) with NBS positive patients with CF (termed “NBS positive CF”). Clinical outcomes were compared.
Fourteen of 29 (48%, 95% CI 0.3-0.66) patients with intermediate sweat chloride value evolved to a diagnosis of CF and were matched with 28 NBS positive patients with CF. Delayed CF had less pancreatic insufficiency (OR 0.06, 95% CI 0.01-0.44, P = .006), less colonization with nonmucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa (OR 0.04, 95% CI 0.01-0.38, P = .005), milder obstructive lung disease (forced expiratory volume in 1 second/forced vital capacity ratio), and overall disease severity (Shwachman scores) at 10 years (mean difference 5.93, 95% CI 0.39-11.46, P = .04; mean difference 4.72, 95% CI 0.9-8.53, P = .015, respectively). Nutritional outcomes were better at 2 years for delayed CF but did not persist to later ages.
In this cohort, approximately one-half of infants with intermediate sweat chloride value were later diagnosed with CF. The clinical course of delayed CF was milder in some aspects compared with NBS positive CF. These results emphasize the importance of ongoing follow-up of infants with intermediate sweat chloride values.
– A great deal of attention was givine to these neonatally positive screened infants with marginal clinical findings and sweat tests. In practice they are not a major problem but all warrant careful follow up by clinicians who are experienced in CF care and develop a rapport with the parents. The study is useful in showing that some half of such infants eventually are shown to have CF.
Griesenbach U, Pytel KM, Alton EW. Cystic Fibrosis Gene Therapy in the UK and Elsewhere. Hum Gene Ther. 2015 May; 26(5):266-75. doi: 10.1089/hum.2015.027. Free PMC Article[PubMed]
The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene was identified in 1989. This opened the door for the development of cystic fibrosis (CF) gene therapy, which has been actively pursued for the last 20 years. Although 26 clinical trials involving approximately 450 patients have been carried out, the vast majority of these trials were short and included small numbers of patients; they were not designed to assess clinical benefit, but to establish safety and proof-of-concept for gene transfer using molecular end points such as the detection of recombinant mRNA or correction of the ion transport defect. The only currently published trial designed and powered to assess clinical efficacy (defined as improvement in lung function) administered AAV2-CFTR to the lungs of patients with CF. The U.K. Cystic Fibrosis Gene Therapy Consortium completed, in the autumn of 2014, the first non-viral gene therapy trial designed to answer whether repeated non-viral gene transfer (12 doses over 12 months) can lead to clinical benefit. The demonstration that the molecular defect in CFTR can be corrected with small-molecule drugs, and the success of gene therapy in other monogenic diseases, is boosting interest in CF gene therapy. Developments are discussed here.
– A clear summary of the present situation regarding gene therapy for cystic fibrosis from the UK Gene Therapy Consortium.
Goss CH; MacNeill SJ; Quinton HB; Marshall BC; Elbert A; Knapp EA; Petren K; Gunn E; Osmond J; Bilton D. Children and young adults with CF in the USA have better lung function compared with the UK. Thorax 2015; 70(3):229-36. [PubMed]
Fig 7. Christopher Goss
A cross-sectional study using 2010 data from patients in the US Cystic Fibrosis Foundation and the UK Cystic Fibrosis patient registries. The a priori outcome measures of interest were lung function and nutritional status. Descriptive statistics and two sample comparisons were performed. Stratification and multivariable linear regression were used to adjust for confounding.The study cohort included 13,777 children and 11,058 adults from the USA and 3968 children and 3965 adults from the UK. In children, mean body mass index centiles were similar. Lung function (FEV1 and FVC% predicted) was significantly higher in US patients ages 6-25 years of age. In a regression model adjusted for only age, FEV1% predicted was on average 3.31% of predicted (95% CI 2.65 to 3.96) higher in the USA compared with the UK. When adjusted for age, age at diagnosis, gender, pancreatic insufficiency and genotype, FEV1% predicted was on average 3.03% of predicted (95% CI 2.37 to 3.69)
higher in the USA compared with the UK. These differences persisted despite adjustment for possible confounders. Hypertonic saline and dornase alfa were much more commonly prescribed in US children.The authors concluded children and young adults with CF have better lung function in the USA compared with the UK despite similar nutritional status.
Christopher H Goss (figure 7) is Professor, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Professor of Pediatrics, University of Washington.
– This is an important study involving international collaboration made possible using the national CF databases. The observation made by the authors, that certain preparations such a dornase alpha and hypertonic saline were much more frequently prescribed in the USA, is likely to be a major factor in the difference in respiratory function (see abstract of the editorial by Taylor-Robinson et al. below).
Taylor-Robinson D C, Schechter M, Smyth RL. Comparing cystic fibrosis outcomes across the pond. Thorax 2015; 70:203-204 Editorial. [PubMed]This is a very interesting commentary on the study of Goss et al. (Thorax 2015; 70(3):229-36. [PubMed]).
Fig 8. David Taylor-Robinson
The authors raise some questions concerning the conclusion that lung function of USA children is significantly better than that of UK children – a difference most marked around 6 years.
They ask if the samples are fully representative of the entire CF populations of the respective countries? The UK captures almost the entire CF population whereas the US data is for patients attending US accredited centres (an estimated 75%) containing fewer socially disadvantaged patients. However, even removing such patients from the UK data did not account for most of the difference. Also genetic and ethnic differences were not responsible. The data is cross sectional and may not represent true longitudinal differences and the older patients may represent only those healthier individuals who have survived. But even so, the differences in early lung function seem to be genuine albeit less than stated.
Possible reasons for the great discrepancies are the use of rhDNase and possibly nebulised hypertonic saline between young patients (<18yrs) in the UK and USA are possible reasons. For example at the time of the study use of treatments in USA vs. UK were – hypertonic saline 40.9% vs. 8.4%, any nebulised antibiotic 44 .7% vs. 42.9%, rhDNase 77.2% vs. 35.4% and macrolides 33.6% vs. 24.1%
Also all the US patients included attended recognised specialist CF Centres, which is not always the case in the UK, even though health and survival have been shown to be better with the more expert experienced care at specialist centres. Such centre care includes more frequent clinic visits, more frequent respiratory cultures and antibiotic treatments particularly at an earlier stage in milder affected patients – all factors known for generations to improve health and survival of people with CF.
– In this reviewer’s opinion, the expert care delivered at specialist centres and the great difference in the use of rhDNase are likely to be the main reasons for the discrepancy in respiratory function of the children. Also the overall coverage in the UK will certainly include more patients not attending specialist centres. It is sad that, even today, some UK paediatricians are not convinced of the benefit of referring their patients to a specialist CF centre and complain of the lack of “controlled studies”. As Sir William Osler observed “ Medicine is to be learned by experience and is not an inheritance; it cannot be revealed. Learn to see, learn to hear, learn to smell, and know that by practice alone can you become expert”
With regard to the use of rhDNase, almost every study since the treatment became available in the early Nineties has shown significant improvement in some aspect of the condition of the treated patients even amounting to improving survival. Please see Topics -> Mucolytics -> Pulmozyme (rhDNase) where I have reviewed many of the earlier publications, particularly relevant being those showing improvement even in young and mildly affected patients. These findings encouraged the earlier use of rhDNase in infants and preschool children as soon as they were able to inhale the drug at both the Leeds and Copenhagen CF Centres.
This study highlights the great value of such comparative studies which are possible using reliable national databases such as are now established at the CF Foundation, the UK CF Trust and elsewhere. They certainly justify the many problems we experienced in collecting and processing data the early years when the databases were started by these two national organizations.
David Taylor-Robinson (figure 8) is Senior Clinical Lecturer in Public Health and Honorary Consultant in Public Health at the Alder Hey Children’s Hospital, Liverpool.
Hadj Fredj S; Ouali F; Siala H; Bibi A; Othmani R; Dakhlaoui B; Zouari F; Messaoud T. Prenatal diagnosis of cystic fibrosis: 10-years experience. Pathol Biol 2015; 63(3):126-9. [PubMed]
10 years experience in prenatal diagnosis of cystic fibrosis performed in the Tunisian population. Based on family history, 40 Tunisian couples were selected for prenatal diagnosis. Fetal DNA was isolated from amniotic fluid collected by transabdominal amniocentesis or from chronic villi by transcervical chorionic villus sampling.Thirteen fetuses were affected, 21 were heterozygous carriers and 15 were healthy with two normal alleles of CFTR gene. Ten couples opted for therapeutic abortion. The microsatellites genotyping showed the absence of contamination of the fetal DNA by maternal DNA in 93.75%. The diagnostic strategy provides rapid and reliable prenatal diagnosis for at risk families.
– The majority (77%) of the, presumably Muslim, couples with an affected fetus opted for termination. With the new treatment options and improving prognosis for people with CF, opting for termination of an affected fetus is an increasingly difficult decision for many couples. The availability of population carrier screening and, if indicated, preimplantation genetic diagnosis would reduce the need for taking these difficult decisions.
Hall H; Gadhok R; Alshafi K; Bilton D; Simmonds NJ. Eradication of respiratory tract MRSA at a large adult cystic fibrosis centre. Respir Med 2015; 109(3):357-63. [PubMed]This is an observational cohort study from the Royal Brompton Hospital of all patients with MRSA positive sputum, 2007-2012. All eradication attempts with subsequent culture results were reviewed. Single vs. dual antibiotic regimens were compared for both new and chronic infections.37 patients (median FEV1 58.7 (27.6-111.5)% predicted) were identified, of which 67.6% (n = 25) had newly acquired MRSA. Compared with single regimens, a high proportion of dual regimens achieved MRSA eradication (84.6% vs. 50%; p = 0.1) for new infections. Rifampicin/Fusidic acid was associated with high success rates (100% vs. 60% for other dual regimens (p = 0.13)). Compared with new infections, chronic MRSA was much less likely to be eradicated (18.2%, p = 0.01).The authors concluded combined antibiotic therapy, particularly Rifampicin/Fusidic acid, is a well-tolerated and effective means of eradicating MRSA in patients with cystic fibrosis.
Hayden UL, Carey HV.. Cellular localization of cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator protein in piglet and mouse intestine. Cell Tissue Res. 1996 Feb;283(2):209-13. [PubMed]Antibodies raised against the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator protein (CFTR) were used to localize CFTR in intestinal tissues of piglets and mice. Positive staining for CFTR was detected in goblet cells of both species. A second population of epithelial cells of unknown phenotype was also labeled by anti-CFTR antibodies. The labeling pattern was abolished by preincubation of anti-CFTR antibodies with the immunogen or when non-immune IgG was used in place of anti-CFTR antibodies.
– These results support other studies that suggest that alterations in goblet cell function may be involved in the intestinal abnormalities associated with cystic fibrosis.
Hayes D Jr, Kirkby S, Whitson BA, Black SM, Sheikh SI, Tobias JD, Mansour HM, Kopp BT. Mortality Risk and Pulmonary Function in Adults With Cystic Fibrosis at Time of Wait Listing for Lung Transplantation Ann Thorac Surg. 2015 Aug;100(2):474-9. doi: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2015.04.022. Epub 2015 Jun 30. [PubMed]Lung transplantation (LTx) benefit for survival in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients placed on the wait list is not well studied. To predict the relationship between initial forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) and the hazard ratio (HR) associated with LTx in CF patients, the United Network for Organ Sharing database was queried from 2005 to 2006 for adult patients with CF. The benefit of LTx in adults with CF was significant at a lower baseline FEV1 than expected. A threshold for baseline FVC was established below which LTx was protective.
Hayes D Jr; Warren PS; McCoy KS; Sheikh SI. Improvement of hepatic steatosis in cystic fibrosis with ivacaftor therapy. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2015; 60(5):578-9.[PubMed]
Treatment of liver disease, including hepatic steatosis, in patients with cystic fibrosis is limited. The authors report an adolescent with CF had significant improvement in hepatic steatosis with ivacaftor treatment.
Fig 9. A girl with steatosis that improved with adequate pancreatic replacement therapy
– It is important to note that inadequate pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy can worsen steatosis. A girl with CF and gross hepatomegaly (figure 9) was referred to Leeds for liver biopsy that revealed severe steatosis. She had severe undertreated intestinal malabsorption. With control of the malabsorption with adequate pancreatic replacement therapy her hepatomegaly regressed.
Heltshe SL; Mayer-Hamblett N; Burns JL; Khan U; Baines A; Ramsey BW; Rowe SM; GOAL (the G551D Observation-AL) Investigators of the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Therapeutics Development Network. Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis patients with G551D-CFTR treated with ivacaftor. Clin Infect Dis 2015;60(5):703-12. [PubMed]
Fig 10. Soya Heltshe
This study examines changes in CF respiratory pathogens with ivacaftor and correlates them with baseline characteristics and clinical response. Among 151 participants prescribed ivacaftor, 29% (26/89) who were culture positive for P. aeruginosa the year prior to ivacaftor use were culture negative the year following treatment; 88% (52/59) of those P. aeruginosa free remained uninfected.The authors concluded Pseudomonas aeruginosa culture positivity was significantly reduced following ivacaftor treatment. Efficacious CFTR modulation may contribute to lower frequency of culture positivity for P. aeruginosa and other respiratory pathogens, particularly in patients with less established disease.
An encouraging study – presumably altering the physicochemical state of the airways towards normal reduced the likelihood of P. aeruginosa colonisation/infection and/or increased the ease with which the organism was eradicated by the patient.
Sonya Heltshe (figure 10) is Senior Biostatistician and Assistant Professor in the Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Seattle.
Heltshe SL, Goss CH, Thompson V, Sagel SD, Sanders DB, Marshall BC, Flume PA. Short-term and long-term response to pulmonary exacerbation treatment in cystic fibrosis. Thorax. 2015 Apr 24. pii: thoraxjnl-2014-206750. doi: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2014-206750. [Epub ahead of print] [PubMed]
Treatment of pulmonary exacerbations (PEx) in cystic fibrosis (CF) varies widely with no consensus on management practices or best indicators of therapeutic success. To design trials evaluating PEx treatment factors, we characterise the heterogeneity of PEx care in adults and paediatrics, and correlate it with measures of clinical response including short-term and long-term lung function changes, change in symptom severity score and time to next intravenous antibiotic therapy.Data were used from a prospective observational study of patients with CF ≥10 years of age enrolled at six sites between 2007 and 2010. All were started on intravenous antibiotics for a clinically diagnosed PEx. Analysis of variance, logistic and Cox regression were used to examine the association of treatment factors with short-term and long-term clinical response.
Of 123 patients with CF (60% women, aged 23.1±10.2 years), 33% experienced <10% relative improvement in FEV1 during treatment, which was associated with failing to recover baseline lung function 3 months after treatment (OR=7.8, 95% CI 1.9 to 31.6, p=0.004) and a longer time to next intravenous antibiotic (HR=0.48, 95% CI 0.27 to 0.85, p=0.011). Symptom improvement was observed but was not associated with subsequent lung function or time to next antibiotic therapy, which had a median recurrence time of 143 days.Immediate symptomatic or respiratory response to PEx treatment did not have a clear relationship with subsequent outcomes such as lung function or intravenous antibiotic-free interval. These results can inform future research of treatment regimens for PEx in terms of interventions and outcome measures.
– Such group studies are of limited value as the treatment of an exacerbation in an individual with CF is best discussed between the patient, the staff and the doctor at the start and regularly through the course of treatment (hopefully the same doctor will be seeing the patient regularly throughout the treatment but this is not always the case). It seems unlikely that “a consensus on management practices or best indicators of therapeutic success” would be an adequate substitute for an individualized approach.
Hill M, Twiss P, Verhoef TI, Drury S, McKay F. Mason S, Jenkins L, Morris S, Chitty LS. Non-invasive prenatal diagnosis for cystic fibrosis: detection of paternal mutations, exploration of patient preferences and cost analysis. Prenat Diagn. 2015 Oct;35(10):950-8. doi: 10.1002/pd.4585. Epub 2015 Apr 5. [PubMed]
The authors aim to develop non-invasive prenatal diagnosis (NIPD) for cystic fibrosis (CF) and determine costs and implications for implementation. A next-generation sequencing assay was developed to detect ten common CF mutations for exclusion of the paternal mutation in maternal plasma. Using uptake data from a study exploring views on NIPD for CF, total test-related costs were estimated for the current care pathway and compared with those incorporating NIPD.The assay reliably predicted mutation status in all control and maternal plasma samples. Of carrier or affected adults with CF (n = 142) surveyed, only 43.5% reported willingness to have invasive testing for CF with 94.4% saying they would have NIPD. Using these potential uptake data, the incremental costs of NIPD over invasive testing per 100 pregnancies at risk of CF are £9025 for paternal mutation exclusion, and £26 510 for direct diagnosis.The authors have developed NIPD for risk stratification in around a third of CF families. There are economic implications due to potential increased test demand to inform postnatal management rather than to inform decisions around termination of an affected pregnancy.
Hoen AG, Li J, Moulton LA, O’Toole GA, Housman ML, Koestler DC, Guill MF, Moore JH, Hibberd PL, Morrison HG, Sogin ML, Karagas MR, Madan JC. Associations between Gut Microbial Colonization in Early Life and Respiratory Outcomes in Cystic Fibrosis. J Pediatr. 2015 Jul;167(1):138-47.e1-3. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2015.02.049. Epub 2015 Mar 26.[PubMed]
A comprehensive, prospective longitudinal analysis of the upper respiratory and intestinal microbiota in a cohort of infants and young children with CF followed from birth was performed. Genus-level microbial community composition was characterized using 16S-targeted pyrosequencing, and relationships with exposures and outcomes were assessed using linear mixed-effects models, time-to-event analysis, and principal components analysis.
Sequencing of 120 samples from 13 subjects collected from birth to 34 months revealed relationships between breastfeeding, microbial diversity in the respiratory and intestinal tracts, and the timing of onset of respiratory complications, including exacerbations and colonization with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Fluctuations in the abundance of specific bacterial taxa preceded clinical outcomes, including a significant decrease in bacteria of the genus Parabacteroides within the intestinal tract prior to the onset of chronic P aeruginosa colonization. Specific assemblages of bacteria in intestinal samples, but not respiratory samples, were associated with CF exacerbation in early life, indicating that the intestinal microbiome may play a role in lung health. Findings relating breastfeeding to respiratory outcomes, gut diversity to prolonged periods of health, and specific bacterial communities in the gut prior to respiratory complications in CF highlight a connection between the intestinal microbiome and health and point to potential opportunities for antibiotic or probiotic interventions. Further studies in larger cohorts validating these findings are needed.
Hussain S; Varelogianni G; Sarndahl E; Roomans GM. N-acetylcysteine and azithromycin affect the innate immune response in cystic fibrosis bronchial epithelial cells in vitro. Lung Res 2015; 41(5):251-60. [PubMed]
The authors previously reported that N-acetylcysteine (NAC), ambroxol and azithromycin (AZM) (partially) correct the chloride efflux dysfunction in cystic fibrosis bronchial epithelial (CFBE) cells with the DF508 homozygous mutation in vitro. Here they further investigated possible immunomodulatory effects of these drugs on the regulation of the innate immune system by studying the expression of the cytosolic NOD-like receptors NLRC1 and NLRC2, and interleukin (IL)-6 production in CFBE cells. Overall, the results indicate that NAC and AZM not only can correct the chloride efflux dysfunction but also have a weakly strengthening effect on the innate immune system.
The effect of N-acetylcysteine in CF has been the subject of numerous studies since the first publication describing a “new mucolytic agent” by Webb et al in 1962! (see Topics -> Mucolytics). Figure 11. is from Webb ER et al. 1962
Fig 11. Purulent bronchitis sputum production – acetyl cysteine started on second day
Despite considerable published evidence of potential benefit in CF, the drug has never been popular for treating people with CF in the UK but is used in Europe. A Cochrane review in 2013 “found no evidence to recommend the use of either inhaled or oral thiol derivatives in people with cystic fibrosis. There are very few good quality trials investigating the effect of these medications in cystic fibrosis, and further research is required to investigate the potential role of these medications in improving the outcomes of people with cystic fibrosis” (Tam J et al, Cochrane Database Syst Rev2013;7:CD007168)
Hutchins JL; Jacobs RA. Thoracic paravertebral catheter placement for acute rib pain in a pregnant patient with cystic fibrosis. A & A Case Reports. 2015; 4(3):31-2. [PubMed]
A 30-year-old woman with cystic fibrosis at 33 weeks, 4 days’ gestation sustained a rib injury during an acute pulmonary exacerbation, resulting in noncompliance with her chest wall oscillation therapy and worsening of her respiratory status with concern for inducing labor early. Insertion of an ultrasound-guided thoracic paravertebral catheter produced immediate pain relief, eliminating the need for further opioids, and she was able to tolerate her chest wall oscillation treatment. She was discharged home after 7 days and was able to deliver a healthy baby at 38 weeks via spontaneous vaginal delivery.
– A successful practical solution to an unusual but potentially very serious problem. (See also Cutshall C, Hutchins J. A & A Case Reports 2015; 4(3):29-30. [PubMed])
Ioannou L, Delatycki MB, Massie J, Hodgson J, Lewis S. “Suddenly Having two Positive People who are Carriers is a Whole New Thing”- Experiences of Couples Both Identified as Carriers of Cystic Fibrosis Through a Population-Based Carrier Screening Program in Australia. J Genet Couns. 2015 Dec;24(6):987-1000. doi: 10.1007/s10897-015-9833-9. Epub 2015 May 1. [PubMed]
A population-based CF carrier-screening program was implemented in Victoria, Australia in 2006. This study explored the experiences of couples when both partners were identified as CF carriers. Between January 2006 and December 2010, 10 carrier couples were identified and invited to undertake a semi-structured interview. Nine interviews were conducted, seven couple interviews and two individual interviews. One couple declined to participate due to the recent termination of an affected pregnancy. Interviews were analyzed using inductive content analysis.All couples experienced surprise on learning their carrier couple result. The couples who were pregnant at the time of screening chose to have prenatal diagnosis, with the majority considering it to be the “next step.” The two couples who had an affected pregnancy reported feelings of devastation and grief upon receiving their prenatal diagnosis result and terminated the pregnancy. All carrier couples were offered free genetic counseling, with only one couple declining the offer.
Couples were unprepared for a positive carrier couple result. However, all the couples changed their reproductive behavior as a result of their carrier status. The results of this study have been used to inform the program and service offered to CF carrier couples particularly with respect to genetic counseling for reproductive decision making.
Janssens S, Chokoshvilli D, Binst C, Mahieu I, Henneman L, De Paepe A, Borry P. Attitudes of cystic fibrosis patients and parents toward carrier screening and related reproductive issues. Eur J Hum Genet. 2015 Jul 29. doi: 10.1038/ejhg.2015.160. [Epub ahead of print] [PubMed]
Fig 12. Pascal Borry
A written questionnaire was administered to adult patients and parents of children with CF in Belgium with the aim to explore participants’ attitudes toward CF carrier screening and related reproductive issues. The study population was recruited from a CF patient registry in Belgium and comprised 111 participants (64 parents, 47 patients aged 16 or older). More than 80% of all participants were in favour of preconception carrier screening for CF. However, some were concerned over potential negative consequences of population-wide CF carrier screening.Regarding future reproductive intentions, 43% of the participants indicated a desire to have children. Among these, pre-implantation genetic diagnosis was found to be the most preferred reproductive option, closely followed by spontaneous pregnancy and prenatal diagnosis. Although the findings of the study suggest that patients and parents of children with CF support a population-based carrier-screening program for CF, they also highlight some issues deserving particular attention when implementing such a program.
A number of population-based carrier screening programs are published, usually with the support of people with CF and their relatives. (See Topics-> Diagnosis-> Antenatal/Prenatal). It is unfortunate that the recent impressive and welcome advances in treatment have somewhat overshadowed the fact that CF is now a preventable condition and, since the availability of pre-implantation genetic diagnosis, preventable without the need for termination of any pregnancy.
Pascal Borry (figure 12) is from the Centre for Biomedical Ethics and Law Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven and has written extensively on carrier testing.
Janssen KM, de Smit MJ, Brouwer E, de Kok FA, Kraan J, Altenburg J, Verheul MK, Trouw LA, van Winkelhoff AJ, Vissink A, Westra J. Rheumatoid arthritis-associated autoantibodies in non-rheumatoid arthritis patients with mucosal inflammation: a case-control study. Arthritis Res Ther 2015; 9;17:174. doi: 10.1186/s13075-015-0690-6. Free PMC Article
Rheumatoid arthritis-associated autoantibodies (RA-AAB) can be present in the serum years before clinical onset of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). It has been hypothesized that initiation of RA-AAB generation occurs at inflamed mucosal surfaces, such as in the oral cavity or in the case of CF in the lungs. The aim of this study was to assess systemic presence of RA-AAB in patients without RA who had oral or lung mucosal inflammation.The non-RA patients had periodontitis (PD, n = 114), bronchiectasis (BR, n = 80) or cystic fibrosis (CF, n = 41). Serum RA-AAB levels were compared with those of periodontally healthy controls (n = 36). Patients with established RA (n = 86) served as a reference group.Although overall levels were low, RA-AAB seropositivity was associated with lung mucosal inflammation (BR and CF) and may be associated with oral mucosal inflammation (PD). To further determine whether mucosal inflammation functions as a site for induction of RA-AAB and precedes RA, longitudinal studies are necessary in which RA-AAB of specifically the IgA isotype should be assessed in inflamed mucosal tissues and/or in their inflammatory exudates.
– Suggest reading full abstract for more detail. An interesting study lending further support to one of the more remote effects of chronic lung inflammation in people with CF. The association between the increasing lung inflammation associated with pulmonary exacerbations and worsening of painful joints in CF is well documented (Bowler IM, Littlewood JM. Lancet 1992; 340(8813):244. [PubMed])
Anderson B,ilkins-Haug, LSchulkin J. Obstetrician and gynecologists’ population-based screening practices. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2015 Sep 25:1-5. [Epub ahead of print][PubMed]
Cross-sectional survey was performed by mailing paper surveys to Fellows of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists and a subset of Fellows who belong to the Collaborative Ambulatory Research Network (CARN).Response rates were 57% for the CARN network. Almost all responders (92%) offer population-based genetic screening in the prenatal period and almost all (93%) conduct counseling prior to the provision of genetic testing. Almost all (92%) counsel patients when the result is positive, with 46% being the primary counselor and 55% calling the patient themselves. When results are negative, 73% counsel with 58% indicating they are the primary counselor and 17% call patients themselves. A total of 72% have received continuing medical education (CME) on genetics within 5 years, with 79% receiving CME at conferences and 21% receiving CME online.
The authors concluded that Ob-gyns have a large role in providing patients new genetic screening technologies. This role requires a significant knowledge base, some of which can be obtained by online modules; however, their study suggests online education is underutilized as a means for CME on genetic screening among ob-gyns.
Jenkins R; Wootton M; Howe R; Cooper R. A demonstration of the susceptibility of clinical isolates obtained from cystic fibrosis patients to manuka honey. Arch Microbiol 2015; 197(4):597-601. [PubMed] (Full article available)
Fig 13. Rowena Jenkins
Susceptibility of 56 strains of P. aeruginosa and 55 strains of Burkholderia to manuka honey, tobramycin and colistin using micro broth dilution and E strip was determined. All strains exhibited susceptibility to honey <10 % (w/v); mean susceptibility of Burkholderia (4.6 % w/v) was lower than P. aeruginosa (7.3 % w/v). Synergistic or additive combinations were found with all four strains tested. Combinations of manuka honey with antibiotics can be used to lower the MIC need to successfully inhibit both P. aeruginosa and B. cepacia. The authors suggest the use of honey as a combination agent may be possible for the management of P. aeruginosa and B. cepacia.
There is now considerable literature on the antibacterial properties of honey including a number by Cooper R A et al from Cardiff in relation to B. cepacia (an early one abstracted in the 2000 section of this website). More recently Rowena Jenkins (figure) has published on the subject. As yet (2016) honey has not proved to be of value in the treatment of people with CF although it has been used with success in other infections particularly involving the skin. Professor John Govan of Edinburgh had a PhD student and a chemist working on the anti-bacterial effect of honey but they were unable to identify the active component. One experienced CF physician even tried treating an adult patient with CF with nebulised solution of honey but again without obvious clinical benefit.
Dr Rowena Jenkins (figure 13) and her research group intend to investigate the activity of honey with a much larger range of bacteria and antibiotic combinations and to determine the susceptibilities of biofilms, as well as suspension cultures. Clinical studies will also be needed to determine the potential and efficacy of antibiotic and honey combinations for cystic fibrosis patients. In 2017 Rowena moved to Swansea as Lecturer in Microbiology and Infectious Disease in the College of Medicine at Swansea University (see abstract of Roberts AEL et al 2019).
Kashirskaya NY; Kapranov NI; Sander-Struckmeier S; Kovalev V. Safety and efficacy of Creon micro in children with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency due to cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros 2015; 14(2):275-81. [PubMed]
Fig 15. Nikolay Ivanovitch Kapranov
Fig 14. Nataliya Kashirskaya
Pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy is the foundation of nutritional management for exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI). METHODS: A 3-month, open-label, multicentre study in Russia assessing safety, efficacy, and ease-of-use of Creon() Micro (5000 lipase units/spoon) in children aged 1 month to <4 years with EPI due to cystic fibrosis. Efficacy assessments included growth parameters. RESULTS: All 40 subjects (mean age 26.5 months) completed treatment. Adverse events occurred in 40% of the subjects (most commonly respiratory tract infection [15%], frequent bowel movements [8%], rhinitis, stomatitis, nasopharyngitis, and diarrhoea [all 5%]), none were serious or led to discontinuation. After 3 months, mean+/-SD increases from baseline z-scores were height/length-for-age 0.13+/-0.48, weight-for-age 0.20+/-0.39, and BMI-for-age 0.29+/-0.65. Treatment was rated ‘easy’ to administer by 95% caregivers and acceptance ‘good’/’very good’ by 90%.Creon Micro was well tolerated. Growth development parameters increased over the 3-month treatment period. Treatment was considered easy to use and acceptance was good.
Nataliya Kashirskaya (figure 14) is Chief Research Officer Research Center for Medical Genetics Moscow and has published widely on various aspects of CF.
Nikolay Ivanovitch Kapranov (figure 15) Is based at the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences , Research Centre of Medical Genetics Moscow.
Keenan K; Avolio J; Rueckes-Nilges C; Tullis E; Gonska T; Naehrlich L. Nasal potential difference: Best or average result for CFTR function as diagnostic criteria for cystic fibrosis?. J Cyst Fibros 2015; 14(3):310-6. [PubMed]
The current practice of averaging the nasal potential difference (NPD) results of right and left nostril measurements reduce inter-individual variability but may underestimate individual CFTR function.In this study the authors found that the current practice of averaging the NPD results of right and left nostril measurements leads to an underestimation of the individual CFTR function and should be reconsidered
Kellermann G, Anastasiadis AG, Dräger DL, Prall F, Hakenberg OW. Urinary Retention Due to Severe Pseudocystic Mucoid Degeneration of the Prostatic Matrix: A Rare Urologic Manifestation of Cystic Fibrosis. Urol Int. 2015 Feb 20. [Epub ahead of print] [PubMed]
Urologic manifestations of CF include infertility and azoospermia, nephrolithiasis, and stress urinary incontinence. In this report, the authors describe a 33-year-old male, who presented with recurrent urinary retention due to prostatic enlargement despite his young age. After transurethral resection, the voiding problems resolved. Histopathological examination revealed a severe pseudocystic mucoid degeneration of the prostatic matrix as a cause of his subvesical obstruction. Although these structural changes are most probably due to his underlying disease, detailed histologic features have not been described in the literature.
Kettle AJ, Turner R, Gangell CL, Harwood DT, Khalilova IS, Chapman AL, Winterbourn CC, Sly PD; AREST CF. Oxidation contributes to low glutathione in the airways of children with cystic fibrosis. Eur Respir J. 2014 ; 44(1):122-9. doi: 10.1183/09031936.00170213. Epub 2014 Mar 23. [PubMed]
Glutathione is an important antioxidant in the lungs but its concentration is low in the airways of patients with cystic fibrosis. Whether this deficit occurs from an early age or how oxidative stress contributes to lowering glutathione is unknown. The authors measured glutathione, its oxidation products, myeloperoxidase, and biomarkers of hypochlorous acid in bronchoalveolar lavage from children with cystic fibrosis and disease controls using mass spectrometry and immunological techniques. The concentration of glutathione was lower in bronchoalveolar lavage from children with cystic fibrosis, whereas glutathione sulfonamide, a specific oxidation product of hypochlorous acid, was higher. Oxidised glutathione and glutathione sulfonamide correlated with myeloperoxidase and a biomarker of hypochlorous acid. The percentage of glutathione attached to proteins was higher in children with cystic fibrosis than controls. Pulmonary infections in cystic fibrosis resulted in lower levels of glutathione but higher levels of oxidised glutathione and glutathione sulfonamide in bronchoalveolar lavage.The concentration of glutathione is low in the airways of patients with cystic fibrosis from an early age. Increased oxidation of glutathione by hypochlorous acid and its attachment to proteins contribute to this deficiency. Therapies targeted against myeloperoxidase may boost antioxidant defence and slow the onset and progression of lung disease in cystic fibrosis.
Comment by Hector A et al. Oxidative stress in cystic fibrosis lung disease: an early event, but worth targeting? [Eur Respir J. 2014;44(1):17-19] The road is paved with more than one rationale to therapeutically target neutrophil products in early CF lung disease, in order to prevent their harmful and irreversible effect on lung tissue components. The clinical implementation of these concepts is hampered by costs, drug delivery issues and optimised read-outs in this young age group, but the promises make it worth facing these challenges.
Kidd TJ, Ramsay KA, Vidmar S, Carlin JB, Bell SC, Wainwright CE, Grimwood K; ACFBAL Study Investigators. Collaborators. Pseudomonas aeruginosa genotypes acquired by children with cystic fibrosis by age 5-years. J Cyst Fibros. 2015 May;14(3):361-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jcf.2014.12.007. Epub 2015 Jan 3. [PubMed]
The authors describe Pseudomonas aeruginosa acquisitions in children with cystic fibrosis (CF) aged ≤5-years, eradication treatment efficacy, and genotypic relationships between upper and lower airway isolates and strains from non-CF sources.Of 168 CF children aged ≤5-years in a bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL)-directed therapy trial, 155 had detailed microbiological results. Overall, 201/271 (74%) P. aeruginosa isolates from BAL and oropharyngeal cultures were available for genotyping, including those collected before and after eradication therapy.Eighty-two (53%) subjects acquired P. aeruginosa, of which most were unique strains. Initial eradication success rate was 90%, but 36 (44%) reacquired P. aeruginosa, with genotypic substitutions more common in BAL (12/14) than oropharyngeal (3/11) cultures. Moreover, oropharyngeal cultures did not predict BAL genotypes reliably.The authors concluded CF children acquire environmental P. aeruginosa strains frequently. However, discordance between BAL and oropharyngeal strains raises questions over upper airway reservoirs and how to best determine eradication in non-expectorating children.
– Impressive early eradication rate and confirmation of the fact that first infections are usually unique strains acquired from the environment.
Khanna AR, Coumans JV. Spontaneous Improvement of Chiari I Malformation and Syringomyelia in a Patient With Cystic Fibrosis. Neurosurgery 2015 Aug 24. [Epub ahead of print] [PubMed]
A report of a patient with cystic fibrosis who presented during an exacerbation of bronchiectasis and was found to have a Chiari I malformation with associated syringomyelia. Eight months later, when the patient had returned to baseline pulmonary status, repeat imaging showed interval improvement in both the size of the syrinx and descent of cerebellar tonsils. This rare case of spontaneous improvement of syringomyelia and Chiari I malformation attributable to relief from chronic cough offers interesting insight into the mechanism of these disorders.
Kidd TJ; Ramsay KA; Vidmar S; Carlin JB; Bell SC; Wainwright CE; Grimwood K; ACFBAL Study Investigators. Pseudomonas aeruginosa genotypes acquired by children with cystic fibrosis by age 5-years. J Cyst Fibros 2015; 14(3):361-9. [PubMed
The authors describe Pseudomonas aeruginosa acquisitions in children with CF aged <5-years, eradication treatment efficacy, and genotypic relationships between upper and lower airway isolates and strains from non-CF sources.Of 168 CF children aged <5-years in a bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL)-directed therapy trial, 155 had detailed microbiological results. Overall, 201/271 (74%) P. aeruginosa isolates from BAL and oropharyngeal cultures were available for genotyping, including those collected before and after eradication therapy.Eighty-two (53%) subjects acquired P. aeruginosa, of which most were unique strains. Initial eradication success rate was 90%, but 36 (44%) re-acquired P. aeruginosa, with genotypic substitutions more common in BAL (12/14) than oropharyngeal (3/11) cultures. Moreover, oropharyngeal cultures did not predict BAL genotypes reliably.The authors concluded children with CF acquire environmental P. aeruginosa strains frequently. However, discordance between BAL and oropharyngeal strains raises questions over upper airway reservoirs and how to best determine eradication in non-expectorating children. Although following the microbiological state of preschool children by BAL did not appear to offer an advantage over routine management in this important study from Australia (Wainwright CE et al, 2011 – Topics -> Bronchoscopy), the initial P. aeruginosa eradication rate of 90% was impressive.
Knudsen KB, Mathiesen ER, Eriksen V, Skov M, Nielsen KG, Johannesen J, Pressler T. The development of diabetes among Danish cystic fibrosis patients over the last two decades. Pediatr Diabetes. 2015 May;16(3):219-26. doi: 10.1111/pedi.12143. Epub 2014 Jun 1. [PubMed]
Cystic fibrosis (CF)-related diabetes (CFRD) is correlated with age and has been associated with a decline in body mass index (BMI), pulmonary function, and survival. Over the last two decades, the focus has been on the early diagnosis and treatment of diabetes; therefore, in this study, we evaluated the status of the current clinical condition and survival in our CF population. In addition, we also aimed to investigate the incidence of diabetes among adolescence over time and to identify characteristics associated with early diabetes onset.A retrospective chart review of a birth cohort consisting of 161 CF patients born between 1975 and 1994 and followed until 2011.Over two decades, the incidence of CFRD among 11- to 16-year-old children remained unchanged at 12-14%, while the proportion of children with chronic pulmonary infection at age 10 declined from 31 to 8% (p < 0.001). Severe CF-mutation, i.e., group I and II mutations, were associated with diabetes (p = 0.003). Female gender was borderline associated with diabetes among adolescents (p = 0.06). No significant worsening in pulmonary function, BMI or survival was identified when comparing CFRD patients to CF patients without CFRD.The incidence of diabetes among adolescence with CF in the Copenhagen clinic has not changed over the last two decades. Severe CF mutations are a risk factor for CFRD, and female gender is borderline associated with CFRD among adolescents. Pulmonary function, BMI and survival were comparable regardless of the onset
Konstan MW; Plant BJ; Elborn JS; Rodriguez S; Munck A; Ahrens R; Johnson C. Efficacy response in CF patients treated with ivacaftor: post-hoc analysis. Pediatr Pulmonol 2015; 50(5):447-55. [PubMed]
Clinical studies in patients with cystic fibrosis and G551D-CFTR showed that the group treated with ivacaftor had improved clinical outcomes. To better understand the effect of ivacaftor therapy across the distribution of individual FEV(1) responses, data from Phase 3 studies (STRIVE/ENVISION) were re-examined. In this post-hoc analysis of patients (n=209) who received 48 weeks of ivacaftor or placebo, patients were assigned to tertiles according to FEV(1) response. Across all tertiles, numerical improvements in FEV(1), sweat chloride, CFQ-R and the frequency of pulmonary exacerbations were observed in ivacaftor-treated patients: the treatment difference versus placebo was statistically significant for all outcomes in the upper tertile and for some outcomes in the lower and middle tertiles. The number needed to treat for a >5% improvement in % predicted FEV(1) was 1.90, for a >5% body weight increase was 5.74, and to prevent a pulmonary exacerbation was 3.85.The authors concluded that this analysis suggests that the majority of patients with clinical characteristics similar to STRIVE/ENVISION patients have the potential to benefit from ivacaftor therapy.
– Further confirmation of the remarkable effect of ivacaftor in all genetically appropriate patients – as expected, response was better in the less severely affected patients.
(Tertile: Any of the two points that divide an ordered distribution into three parts, each containing a third of the population).
Kopp BT, Nicholson L, Paul G, Tobias J, Ramanathan C, Hayes D Jr. Geographic variations in cystic fibrosis: An analysis of the U.S. CF Foundation Registry. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2015 Mar 30. doi: 10.1002/ppul.23185. [Epub ahead of print] [PubMed]
Emerging evidence suggests that the prevalence of pathogens common in cystic fibrosis (CF) may be unevenly distributed across the United States (U.S.). Data were analyzed from the 30,896 subjects in the U.S. CF Foundation Patient Registry during the years 2007-2012, via geographical grouping of states based upon the Nationwide Inpatient Sample classification.
Significant differences in racial distribution were seen, including half of the total U.S. African-American CFulation residing in the South. Both African-Americans and Hispanics had increased Medicaid usage (52.2%, 41.8%, respectively). Culture-reported pathogens were markedly different across the U.S., with the highest percentage of patients with Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (41.9%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (71.2%), and non-tuberculous mycobacterium (10.0%) in the South. The South region also had the lowest mean body mass index and forced expiratory volume in one second. Chronic medication usage such as inhaled tobramycin or macrolides followed P. aeruginosa distribution, while inhaled dornase alfa was most used in the West (84.7%). Co-morbid conditions varied, with the highest percentage of depressed subjects in the Midwest (18.3%). Mean regional mortality rates were not statistically different among regions, although highest in each age grouping of the South.
The authors concluded the U.S. has significant regional variations in CF demographics, insurance, pathogens, medication usage, and co-morbidities, without an overall impact on regional mortality. They suggest that regional variations in care practices should be studied further based on the findings.
Krzyżanowska P, Pogorzelski A, Skorupa W, Moczko J, Grebowiec P, Walkowiak J. Exogenous and endogenous determinants of vitamin K status in cystic fibrosis. Sci Rep. 2015 Jul 10;5:12000. doi: 10.1038/srep12000. Free PMC article [PubMed]
Cystic fibrosis (CF) patients are at high risk for vitamin K deficiency. The effects of vitamin K supplementation are very ambiguous. Therefore, the authors aimed to define the determinants of vitamin K deficiency in a large cohort of supplemented – 146 (86.9%) and non-supplemented – 22 (13.1%) CF patients. Vitamin K status was assessed using prothrombin inducted by vitamin K absence (PIVKA-II) and undercarboxylated osteocalcin (u-OC). The pathological PIVKA-II concentration (≥ 2 ng/ml) and abnormal percentage of osteocalcin (≥ 20%) were found in 72 (42.8%) and 60 (35.7%) subjects, respectively. Liver involvement, diabetes, and glucocorticoid therapy were potential risk factors for vitamin K deficiency. Pathological concentrations of PIVKA-II occurred more frequently in patients with pancreatic insufficiency and those who have two severe mutations in both alleles of the CFTR gene. Pathological percentage of u-OC was found more frequently in adult CF patients and those not receiving vitamin K. However, it seems that there are no good predictive factors of vitamin K deficiency in CF patients in everyday clinical care.Early vitamin K supplementation in CF patients seems to be warranted. It is impossible to clearly determine the supplementation dose. Therefore, constant monitoring of vitamin K status seems to be justified.
– It seems clear that there is a variable need for extra vitamin K in people with CF to avoid depletion and the recommendation of these authors seems to be sound advice.
Lenherr N, Lurà M, Trachsel D, Latzin P, Hammer J. Ivacaftor in a young boy with the rare gating mutation S549R – use of lung clearance index to track progress: a case report. BMC Pulm Med. 2015 Oct 16;15:123. doi: 10.1186/s12890-015-0120-1. Free PMC article [PubMed]
S549R is a rare gating mutation considered to be less sensitive to potentiators such as ivacaftor than all other gating mutations. An 8-year-old boy with the rare S549R gating mutation treated with ivacaftor had subjective clinical improvements, the sweat chloride level and the lung clearance index decreased impressively within a few weeks of treatment while forced expiratory volume in the first and second values remained in normal range.
The authors emphasise the value of measuring small airway function by lung clearance index as an outcome measure for new interventions targeting the correction of the CFTR defect at an age before traditional lung function parameters start to deteriorate.
Lo DK, Hurley MN, Muhlebach MS, Smyth AR. Interventions for the eradication of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in people with cystic fibrosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 Feb 24;2:CD009650. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD009650.pub3. [PubMed]Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has emerged as a potentially harmful pathogen in cystic fibrosis, and has been increasing steadily in prevalence internationally. Chronic pulmonary infection with MRSA is thought to confer cystic fibrosis patients with a worse overall clinical outcome and, in particular, result in an increased rate of decline in lung function. Clear guidance for the eradication of MRSA in cystic fibrosis, supported by robust evidence from good quality trials, is urgently needed.To evaluate the effectiveness of treatment regimens designed to eradicate MRSA and to determine whether the eradication of MRSA confers better clinical and microbiological outcomes for people with cystic fibrosis. There were no eligible trials for inclusion. Although the results of several non-randomised studies would suggest that, once isolated, the eradication of MRSA is possible; whether this has a significant impact on clinical outcome is still unclear.Update of 23450608″>Interventions for the eradication of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in people with cystic fibrosis. [Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013]
Mainz JG, Gerber A, Lorenz M, Michl R, Hentschel J, Nader A, Beck JF, Pletz MW, Mueller AH. Pseudomonas aeruginosa Acquisition in Cystic Fibrosis Patients in Context of Otorhinolaryngological Surgery or Dentist Attendance: Case Series and Discussion of Preventive Concepts. Case Rep Infect Dis 2015;2015:438517. doi: 10.1155/2015/438517. Epub 2015 Mar 18 [PubMed]
For their almost regular sinonasal involvement, CF patients often require otorhinolaryngological (ORL) attendance. Despite some fields around ORL-procedures with comparable risk for acquisition of P. aeruginosa as dental procedures, such CF cases have not yet been reported. The authors present four CF patients, who primarily acquired P. aeruginosa around ORL surgery, and one around dentist treatment. Perils include contact to pathogen-carriers in waiting rooms, instrumentation, suction, drilling, and flushing fluid, when droplets containing pathogens can be nebulized. Postsurgery mucosal damage and debridement impair sinonasal mucociliary clearance, facilitating pathogen proliferation and infestation.
They suggest that sinonasal surgery and dentist treatment of CF patients without chronic P. aeruginosa colonisation must be linked to repeated microbiological assessment. Further studies must elaborate whether all CF patients undergoing ORL-surgery require anti-pseudomonal prophylaxis, including nasal lavages containing antibiotics. Altogether, this underestimated risk requires structured prevention protocols.
– There is increasing interest in the upper respiratory tract and its relation to lower airways infection, in particular as a source of infection.The risks from dental equipment have been known for many years first from Copenhagen (Jensen ET et al. J Hosp Infect 1997; 36(2): 117-122. [PubMed] but the the possibility of other upper respiratory tract procedures determining the onset of P. aeruginosa infection is obviously important.
Merlo CA; Clark SC; Arnaoutakis GJ; Yonan N; Thomas D; Simon A; Thompson R; Thomas H; Orens J; Shah AS. National Healthcare Delivery Systems Influence Lung Transplant Outcomes for Cystic Fibrosis. Am J Transplant 2015; 15(7):1948-57. [PubMed]
Successful lung transplantation (LTx) depends on multiple components of healthcare delivery and performance. The authors conducted an international registry analysis to compare post-LTx outcomes for cystic fibrosis (CF) patients using the UNOS registry in the United States and the National Health Service (NHS) Transplant Registry in the United Kingdom.
– Both the United States and United Kingdom have similar early survival outcomes, suggesting important dissemination of best practices internationally. However, patients using US Medicare/Medicaid insurance had significantly worse survival after lung transplant.
Matthes E, Goepp J, Carlile GW, Luo Y, Dejgaard K, Billet A, Robert R, Thomas DY, Hanrahan JW. Low free drug concentration prevents inhibition of F508del CFTR functional expression by the potentiator VX-770 (ivacaftor). Br J Pharmacol. 2015 Oct 22. doi: 10.1111/bph.13365. [PubMed]
The most common cystic fibrosis (CF) mutation F508del inhibits the gating and surface expression of CFTR (CF Transmembrane conductance Regulator), a plasma membrane anion channel, therefore optimal pharmacotherapies will likely require both a “potentiator” to increase channel open probability and a “corrector” that improves folding and trafficking of the mutant protein and its stability at the cell surface. Interaction between CF drugs has been reported but remains poorly understood. CFTR.
The authors concluded chronic exposure to clinically relevant concentrations of VX-770 does not reduce F508del CFTR function when assayed at those concentrations. Therapeutic benefit of VX-770 + VX-809 (Orkambi) is probably limited by the efficacy of VX-809 rather than by an inhibitory effect of VX-770.
Maleth J; Balazs A; Pallagi P; Balla Z; Kui B; Katona M; Judak L; Nemeth I; Kemeny LV; Rakonczay Z Jr; Venglovecz V; Foldesi I; Peto Z; Somoracz A; Borka K; Perdomo D; Lukacs GL; Gray MA; Monterisi S; Zaccolo M; Sendler M; Mayerle J; Kuhn JP; Lerch MM; Sahin-Toth M; Hegyi P. Alcohol disrupts levels and function of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator to promote development of pancreatitis. Gastroenterol 2015; 148(2):427-39.e16. [PubMed]
Excessive consumption of ethanol is one of the most common causes of acute and chronic pancreatitis. Alterations to the gene encoding the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) also cause pancreatitis. However, little is known about the role of CFTR in the pathogenesis of alcohol-induced pancreatitis. Based on studies of human, mouse, and guinea pig pancreas, the authors found that alcohol disrupts expression and localisation of the CFTR. This appears to contribute to development of pancreatitis.The authors suggest strategies to increase CFTR levels or function might be used to treat alcohol-associated pancreatitis.
Massie J, Castellani C, Grody WW. Carrier screening for cystic fibrosis in the new era of medications that restore CFTR function.Lancet. 2014 Mar 8;383(9920):923-5. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61092-2. Epub 2013 Aug 30. Review. No abstract available. PMID: [PubMed
Fig 16. John Massie
A timely and very interesting review. Unfortunately there is no abstract available so a summary by this reviewer of the main messages follows –
Although the introduction of carrier screening has resulted in a reported reduction in live CF births by 50%, the authors note that its widespread introduction has been limited by several issues including variable phenotype of patients with the same genotype, the numerous mutations associated with cystic fibrosis, low public awareness of the disease, infrastructure for preconception and prenatal care, genetic counseling resources, and health economic considerations. Resolution of these issues has been slow.
Furthermore, a new issue has emerged — namely, the development of CFTR restorative therapy that challenges the idea that cystic fibrosis is not curable. In this article the authors discuss the implications of “CFTR restorative therapy” on carrier screening for cystic fibrosis. These recent developments include a CFTR suppressor that promotes ribosomal read through for patients with nonsense class 1 mutations (ataluren), a CFTR potentiator that promotes chloride channel gating (ivacaftor) and two CFTR correctors that promote trafficking (lumacaftor and VX-661). The licensing of ivacaftor for the treatment of people with the GF551D (Gly551Asp) mutation undoubtedly represents a new era for the treatment of CF. The availability, and dramatic results of ivacaftor treatment for people with one or two Gly551Asp mutations are likely to influence some decisions about whether to terminate an affected pregnancy. If the drugs are shown to work from infancy, some may argue carrier screening in no longer justified; others would consider carrier screening would still be justified so parents could consider their ability to look after a child with CF or alternatively prepare them for the task.
Unfortunately even if treatment is started soon after birth there is already definite evidence, in both human and animal CF newborns, of there already being significant structural changes. These include meconium ileus, pancreatic structural changes, absence of the vas deferens and structural airway abnormalities. So then the question arises whether pregnant women could safely take CFTR potentiators, correctors or suppressors to prevent these intrauterine complications. Even if the new drugs were proved safe during pregnancy, preconception population carrier screening would still be needed with prenatal testing to establish the diagnosis so appropriate treatment could be started. Even further speculation into the future would consider the need to included only mutations that were associated with severe disease in any screening programme.
Finally, the very high annual cost of ivacaftor (US$270,000) and of presumably other new CFTR therapies still to come, tend to shift the balance in favour of screening. The authors note an ethical dilemma that “inclusion of the cost of ivacaftor in cost-effectiveness studies is likely to shift the balance substantially in favour of carrier screening while at the same time, an effective but costly therapy is on offer”.
Noting there is still much information needed and no changes to present carrier programmes are needed, the authors consider the information given to at-risk couples about the Gly551Asp will need to change.
– This reviewer’s additional comments. While discussing these issues one should not loose sight of the fact that, with present knowledge accumulated over many years of research, it is possible for all couples identified as prospective carrier parents to choose an infant unaffected by CF without the need to terminate any pregnancy at any stage by using preimplantation genetic diagnosis. Cystic fibrosis is now a preventable condition that most parents would wish their child to avoid if at all possible.
John Massie (fig 16) is Honorary Clinical Associate Professor din the Department of Paedaitrics University of Melbourne and a Research fellow at the Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne. He has published extensively on this subject.
Mayer-Hamblett N, Kloster M, Rosenfeld M, Gibson RL, Retsch-Bogart GZ, Emerson J, Thompson V, Ramsey BW. Impact of Sustained Eradication of New Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection on Long-term Outcomes in Cystic Fibrosis. Clin Infect Dis. 2015 Sep 1;61(5):707-15. doi: 10.1093/cid/civ377. Epub 2015 May 13.[PubMed]
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa) is the most important pathogen infecting the airways in individuals with cystic fibrosis. A key question is whether children with newly acquired Pa infection who are able to achieve sustained eradication after early anti-pseudomonal therapy demonstrate improved long-term health outcomes compared with those who are unable to achieve a sustained microbiologic response.This cohort study utilized observational follow-up data on children participating in the Early Pseudomonas Infection Control trial who received standardised therapy for newly acquired Pa. Sustained eradicators were defined as those who maintained Pa-negative cultures for 12 months after initial anti-pseudomonal therapy. Associations between eradication status and outcomes were assessed.
Of the 249 trial participants included in the study, 172 (69%) achieved sustained eradication of Pa during the trial (sustained eradicators). Over the median 5-year follow-up, sustained eradicators had a 74% reduced risk of developing chronic Pa (hazard ratio [HR], 0.26; 95% confidence interval [CI], .17-.40) and a 57% reduced risk of mucoidy (HR, 0.43; 95% CI, .25-.73) compared with non-sustained eradicators. Sustained eradicators had significantly less anti-Pa antibiotic usage during follow-up compared with non-sustained eradicators. There was no association between eradication status and clinical outcomes including rate of exacerbation and lung function decline.This is the first study to quantify the long-term durability of microbiological response associated with early anti-pseudomonal therapy, demonstrating the critical importance of optimizing anti-pseudomonal therapies during early Pa infection. The clinical impact of failure to achieve sustained Pa eradication remains unclear, however, and may be confounded by anti-Pa antibiotic usage.
Editorial Commentary: Pseudomonas aeruginosa Eradication: How Do We Measure Success? [Clin Infect Dis. 2015]PMID: 25972024 [PubMed – in process] PMCID: PMC4626753 [Available on 2016-09-01]
McCauley LA, Thomas W, Laguna TA, Regelmann WE, Moran A, Polgreen LE. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with pulmonary exacerbations in children with cystic fibrosis. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2014 Feb;11(2):198-204. doi: 10.1513/AnnalsATS.201208-068OC. Free PMC article [PubMed]
This study assessed associations between vitamin D and % predicted lung function, pulmonary exacerbations, and first Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in children with CF. The authors hypothesised that children with CF who have 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25-OHD) levels less than 30 μg/L would have worse lung function and more pulmonary exacerbations than those with 25-OHD greater than or equal to 30 μg/L.This retrospective longitudinal study of 130 children aged 6 to 18 years between 2000 and 2012 examined 25-OHD levels classed in three vitamin D groups: sufficient (≥30 μg/L), insufficient (20-29 μg/L), and deficient (<20 μg/L). Longitudinal models followed individuals’ changing vitamin D groups over time to compare numbers of pulmonary exacerbations (defined by hospitalization), incidence of first P. aeruginosa infection, and % predicted lung function. Cross-sectional comparisons between vitamin D groups were performed at ages 8, 12, and 16 years.The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency increased slowly through adolescence. The rate of exacerbations for the deficient vitamin D group, aged 15 to 18 years, was 13.1 per 10 patient-years, significantly higher than 4.3 per 10 patient-years for the insufficient and sufficient vitamin D groups (P < 0.05), which were not significantly different There were no differences between vitamin D groups in pulmonary function or incidence of first P. aeruginosa infection, which was about 2 per 10 patient-year.
– This study showed that 25OHD level less than or equal to 20ug/L in children with CF was associated with three times higher rate of pulmonary exacerbations than those sufficient in vitamin D. The cause and effect was a matter of conjecture. The obvious suggestion is that the vitamin D deficiency levels were a reflection of a more general suboptimal standard of care.
Matecki S, Kent L, de Boeck K, Le Bourgeois M, Zielen S, Braggion C, Arets HG, Bradley J, Davis S, Sermet I, Reix P; respiratory function group of the European Cystic Fibrosis Society Clinical Trial Network. Is the raised volume rapid thoracic compression technique ready for use in clinical trials in infants with cystic fibrosis? J Cyst Fibros. 2015 Apr 15. pii: S1569-1993(15)00070-3. doi: 10.1016/j.jcf.2015.03.015. [Epub ahead of print]. [PubMed]
The aim of this article is to present a review of literature on clinimetric properties of the infant raised-volume rapid thoracic compression (RVRTC) technique in the context of CF, to summarise the consensus amongst the group on feasibility and answer key questions regarding the promotion of this technique to surrogate endpoint status.The ECFS-CTN Working Group considers that RVRTC cannot be used as a primary outcome in clinical trials in infants with CF before universal standardization of this measurement is achieved and implementation of inter-institutional networking is in place.
They advise its use currently in phase I/II trials and as a secondary endpoint in phase III studies and emphasise the need for (1) more short-term variability and longitudinal ‘natural history’ studies, and (2) robust reference values for commercially available devices.
Mazumdar M, Christiani DC, Biswas SK, Ibne-Hasan OS, Kapur K, Hug C. Elevated sweat chloride levels due to arsenic toxicity. N Engl J Med. 2015 Feb 5;372(6):582-4. doi: 10.1056/NEJMc1413312 Full text of the letter available. [PubMed]
None of 11 participants in Bangladesh with sweat chloride levels of 60 mmol per liter or higher had a genetic diagnosis of cystic fibrosis. Current arsenic levels in water were higher for the 40 participants with abnormal sweat conductivity (>60 mmol per liter) than for participants with normal or intermediate sweat conductivity (median, 11.9 μg per liter vs. 2.7 μg per liter; P=0.01). The same pattern was seen with current arsenic levels in fingernails (median, 5.64 μg per gram vs. 1.39 μg per gram; P=0.008). Adjusted models revealed no significant confounding according to age, sex, smoking status, or body-mass index. There was no relationship between sweat chloride level and scores on lung-function tests or pulmonary symptoms.
The authors conclude their study shows that elevated sweat chloride levels are found among persons exposed to arsenic in the absence of a genetic diagnosis of cystic fibrosis.
– Yet another reason for an abnormal sweat test.
Morton A; Wolfe S. Enteral tube feeding for cystic fibrosis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 4:CD001198, 2015. [PubMed]
The authors identified 38 trials; however, they considered none were eligible for inclusion in this review. Reported use of enteral tube feeding suggests that it does result in nutritional and respiratory improvement; but, the efficacy has not been fully assessed by randomised controlled trials. They do acknowledge, however, that performing a randomised controlled trial would be difficult due to the ethics of withholding an intervention in a group of patients whose nutritional status necessitates it.
This review by two very experienced Leeds dietitians, Sue Wolfe and Alison Morton, notes that, although there are no controlled trials, reports do support the use of enteral tube feeding. Fortunately the authors do not make the frequent closing plea of many Systematic Reviewers for more controlled trials! They consider a controlled trial of enteral feeding would be unethical – so, quite correctly, clinical judgment of the professional carers, and discussion with the patient/parents, should determine who requires and who receives this nutritional treatment.
McDermott S, Barry SC, Judge EP, Collins S, de Jong PA, Tiddens HA, McKone EF, G, Dodd JD. Tracheomalacia in adults with cystic fibrosis: determination of prevalence and severity with dynamic cine CT. Radiology. 2009; 252(2):577-86. doi: 10.1148/radiol. 25220819 56. Epub 2009 Jun 9. [PubMed]
To determine the prevalence and severity of tracheomalacia in adults with cystic fibrosis using dynamic cine multi-detector computed tomography (CT) and to correlate these findings with pulmonary function test (PFT) results and the severity of parenchymal lung disease. Mean predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV(1)) was 70.6% +/- 20.7, and mean Bhalla CT score was 41.8% +/- 13.6. In patients with CF, dynamic cine mean tracheal cross-sectional area reduction was 51.7% +/- 18.4 (range, 9%-89%) for forced expiratory manoeuvres and 68.8% +/- 11.7 (range, 18%-88%) for coughing (P = .001). Tracheomalacia was demonstrated in 24 (69%) patients and no control subjects during forced expiratory manoeuvres (P = .001) and in 10 (29%) patients and one (10%) control subject during coughing. For end-expiration images, mean tracheal luminal reduction was 16.1% +/- 14.0% (range, 0.0%-53.0%), with one patient demonstrating tracheal luminal reduction of more than 50%. There was no correlation between tracheal cross-sectional luminal reduction and either predicted FEV(1) or CT Bhalla score.Tracheomalacia depicted at dynamic cine multidetector CT is a highly prevalent finding in adults with CF.
– The tendency to tracheomalacia in people with CF is well documented and at times clinically evident as a tendency to severe expiratory wheeze (Fischer AJ et al, 2014 [PubMed]). Similar tracheal abnormalities have been documented in animal CF models (Adam RJ et al. 2013.[PubMed])
Mogayzel PJ Jr, Dunitz J, Marrow LC, Hazle LA. Improving chronic care delivery and outcomes: the impact of the cystic fibrosis Care Center Network. BMJ Qual Saf. 2014;23 Suppl 1:i3-8. doi: 10.1136/bmjqs-2013-002363. [PubMed]
In 1999, analysis of data from the CF Foundation’s Patient Registry detected variation in care practices and outcomes across centres, identifying opportunities for improvement. In 2002, the CF Foundation launched a comprehensive quality improvement (QI) initiative to enhance care by assembling national experts to develop a strategic plan to disseminate QI training and processes throughout the Care Center Network. The QI strategies included developing leadership (nationally and within each care centre), identifying best CF care practices, and incorporating people with CF and their families into improvement efforts. The goal was to improve the care for every person with CF in the USA. Multiple tactics were undertaken to implement the strategic plan and disseminate QI training and tools throughout the Care Center Network. In addition, strategies to foster collaboration between care centre staff and individuals with CF and their families became a cornerstone of QI efforts.Today
it is clear that the application of QI principles within the CF Care Center Network has improved adherence to clinical guidelines and achievement of important health outcomes.
Moss RB, Flume PA, Elborn JS, Cooke J, Rowe SM, McColley SA, Rubenstein RC, Higgins M; VX11-770-110 (KONDUCT) Study Group. Efficacy and safety of ivacaftor in patients with cystic fibrosis who have an Arg117His-CFTR mutation: a double-blind, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Respir Med. 2015 Jul;3(7):524-33. doi: 10.1016/S2213-2600(15)00201-5. Epub 2015 Jun 9. [PubMed]
Ivacaftor has been previously assessed in patients with cystic fibrosis with Gly551Asp-CFTR or other gating mutations. The authors assessed ivacaftor in patients with Arg117His-CFTR, a residual function mutation.They did a 24-week, placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomised clinical trial, which enrolled 69 patients with cystic fibrosis aged 6 years and older with Arg117His-CFTR and percentage of predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s (% predicted FEV1) of at least 40. They randomly assigned eligible patients (1:1) to receive placebo or ivacaftor 150 mg every 12 h for 24 weeks. Randomisation was stratified by age (6-11, 12-17, and ≥18 years) and % predicted FEV1 (<70, ≥70 to ≤90, and >90).The primary outcome was the absolute change from baseline in % predicted FEV1 through week 24. Secondary outcomes included safety and changes in sweat chloride concentrations and Cystic Fibrosis Questionnaire-Revised (CFQ-R) respiratory domain scores.
An open-label extension enrolled 65 of the patients after washout; after 12 weeks, they did an interim analysis.After 24 weeks, the treatment difference in mean absolute change in % predicted FEV1 between ivacaftor (n=34) and placebo (n=35) was 2·1 percentage points (95% CI -1·13 to 5·35; p=0·20). Ivacaftor treatment resulted in significant treatment differences in sweat chloride (-24·0 mmol/L, 95% CI -28·01 to -19·93; p<0·0001) and CFQ-R respiratory domain (8·4, 2·17 to 14·61; p=0·009). In prespecified subgroup analyses, % predicted FEV1 significantly improved with ivacaftor in patients aged 18 years or older (treatment difference vs placebo: 5·0 percentage points, 95% CI 1·15 to 8·78; p=0·01), but not in patients aged 6-11 years (-6·3 percentage points, -11·96 to -0·71; p=0·03).In the extension study, both placebo-to-ivacaftor and ivacaftor-to-ivacaftor groups showed % predicted FEV1 improvement (absolute change from post-washout baseline at week 12: placebo-to-ivacaftor, 5·0 percentage points [p=0·0005]; ivacaftor-to-ivacaftor, 6·0 percentage points [p=0·006]). There were no new safety concernsAlthough this study did not show a significant improvement in % predicted FEV1, ivacaftor did significantly improve sweat chloride and CFQ-R respiratory domain scores and lung function in adult patients with Arg117His-CFTR, indicating that ivacaftor might benefit patients with Arg117His-CFTR who have established disease.
Müller S, Schubert A, Zajac J, Dyck T, Oelkrug C. IgY antibodies in human nutrition for disease prevention. Nutri J. 2015; 14(1):109. doi: 10.1186/s12937-015-0067-3. Free PMC article [PubMed]
Oral administration of preformed specific antibodies is an attractive approach against infections of the digestive system in humans and animals in times of increasing antibiotic resistance. Immunisation of chickens with specific antigens offers the possibility to create various forms of antibodies.
– The use of IgY egg yolk antibodies has been studied with regard to prevention of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in people with cystic fibrosis (see Kohlberg H. in Topics > New drugs > IgY egg yolk antibodies). The wider use of such treatments is reviewed in the present article.
Muller M, Merrett ND. Mechanism for glutathione-mediated protection against the Pseudomonas aeruginosa redox toxin, pyocyanin. Chem Biol Interact 2015; 232:30-7. [PubMed]
From their studies (see abstract) the authors conclude the data suggest that intracellular glutathione (GSH) forms a cell-impermeant conjugate with pyocyanin and that availability of the thiol may be critical to minimising the toxicity of this important bacterial virulence factor at infection sites. Their data indicate that for GSH to have a clinically effective role in neutralising pyocyanin, the thiol needs to be available at millimolar concentrations.
– Further evidence relevant to the beneficial role of glutathione and indirectly the possible effect of acetyl cysteine?
Munck A, Mayell SJ, Winters V, Shawcross A, Derichs N, Parad R, Barben J, Southern KW. Cystic Fibrosis Screen Positive, Inconclusive Diagnosis (CFSPID): A new designation and management recommendations for infants with an inconclusive diagnosis following newborn screening. J Cyst Fibros. 2015 Nov;14(6):706-13. doi: 10.1016/j.jcf.2015.01.001. Epub 2015 Jan 24. [PubMed]
Newborn screening (NBS) for cystic fibrosis (CF) results in the recognition of a number of infants with a positive NBS result, but an inconclusive diagnosis. Varied practice exists with respect to the management of these infants.A Delphi consensus approach was used to determine agreement on statements generated by a core group of specialists. Infants were divided into group A (normal sweat chloride and two CFTR mutations, at least one of which has unclear phenotypic consequences) and group B (intermediate sweat chloride and one or no CFTR mutations). 32 statements were produced for Round 1 and 24 achieved consensus. After Round 1, a designation exercise was undertaken and the term “CF Screen Positive, Inconclusive Diagnosis (CFSPID)” was suggested for Round 2. Agreement was achieved for this statement and for all other statements aside from the need for routine respiratory culture, on which there was divided opinion. The core group advocated local practice for this issue. A sensitivity analysis demonstrated that consensus for Round 2 was achieved by change in opinion rather than attrition.The authors note their exercise had generated a new designation and statements to guide the management of infants with CFSPID through a robust international Delphi process. These statements will be a valuable tool for CF teams and will improve the consistency of management of these infants.
– The detailed suggestions on the management of the two groups of infants are very helpful and supported by a large group of experienced professionals. The central recommendation common to both groups is that a paediatrician expert in cystic fibrosis should follow them all up for as long as necessary.
Nadal M; Laudier B; Malinge MC; Binois R; Esteve E. [Aquagenic palmar keratoderma in a patient heterozygous for the mutation c.3197G>C in the CFTR gene]. [French] Annal Dermat Venereol 2015; 142(3):201-5. [PubMed]
The first case of aquagenic keratoderma associated with a new mutation in the CFTR gene. An 18-year-old patient with no particular history was referred for a painful rash on both palms occurring whenever she showered, and which had been ongoing for several months. The clinical examination was normal except for an appearance of moderate palmar hyperhidrosis. Following a test in which both hands were immersed in cold water for 5 minutes, the patient presented itching, burning and pain localised to the hands. The palms were wrinkled and oedematous with white, translucent and confluent papules. A clinical diagnosis of aquagenic palmar keratoderma was made. A genetic study revealed the presence of a new mutation in the CFTR gene for cystic fibrosis in the heterozygous state inherited from her mother: c.3197G>C or p.Arg1066.Pro and a heterozygous polypyrimidic 5T variant inherited from her father.
– Several studies have shown association of acquagenic keratoderma with the CFTR gene for heterozygotes (carriers without cystic fibrosis), for patients with cystic fibrosis and for a patient with CFTRopathy and pancreatitis.
Navarro S. [Historical compilation of cystic fibrosis]. Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2015 Jun 9. pii: S0210-5705(15)00115-6. doi: 10.1016/j.gastrohep.2015.04.012. [Epub ahead of print] [Article in Spanish] [PubMed]
Cystic fibrosis is the most common life-shortening recessively inherited disorder in the Caucasian population. The genetic mutation that most frequently provokes cystic fibrosis (ΔF508) appeared at least 53,000years ago. For many centuries, the disease was thought to be related to witchcraft and the “evil eye” and it was only in 1938 that Dorothy H. Andersen characterized this disorder and suspected its genetic origin. The present article reviews briefly some of the pathological discoveries and diagnostic and therapeutic advances made in the last 75 years. The review ends with some considerations for the future. (Fig. 4 is of Karl Landsteiner not Sydney Farber).
Nishida K1, Smith Z, Rana D, Palmer J, Gallicano GI. Cystic fibrosis: A look into the future of prenatal screening and therapy. Birth Defects Res C Embryo Today. 2015 Mar;105(1):73-80. doi: 10.1002/bdrc.21091. [PubMed]
Despite recent guidelines suggesting prenatal screening for carriers of cystic fibrosis (CF) mutations, many physicians do not offer patients this service or even counseling. Some argue that the risks of miscarriage associated with prenatal diagnostic techniques outweigh the benefit of added insight, but with the advent of newer, noninvasive techniques, risks of miscarriage may be significantly lowered. Prenatal diagnosis provides parents the time to prepare for raising a child with CF, and soon, could provide treatment options in utero that could improve quality of life.Here, the authors describe two of the most promising gene therapy approaches: lentivirus and adenoassociated virus (AAV)-mediated gene transduction. Thus, prenatal detection and treatment is in a most crucial stage for care of patients with CF.
– It is of some concern that intra uterine gene therapy treatment of a CF fetus is increasingly mentioned in the literature as a possibilty when the birth of such a fetus could be avoided by carrier indentification and preimplantation genetic diagnosis. Although scientifically interesting, it is unlikely that anyone would be prepared to undertake intrauterine gene therapy for a human fetus affected by CF in the foreseeable future. However, there have been previous suggestions that fetal gene therapy would be necessary (Larson et al, 1997; Cohen & Larson, 2006 above) although the work on which these suggestions were based was not repeatable in a careful UK study (Buckley et al, 2008 below). Also it is very unlikely that fetal gene therapy would ever be advisable or indeed approved by the regulatory authorities.
It is unfortunate that there seems to be a lessening of interest in both antenatal screening and diagnosis and population screening for CF mutations – these aspects of prevention being overshadowed by the dramatic developments in specific mutational therapy. In this writer’s opinion this is unfortunate for the detection of a CF mutation in each of a couple proposing to have children can, by the use of preimplantation genetic diagnosis, allow them to have a healthy child unaffected by CF.
Ooi CY, Castellani C, Keenan K, Avolio J, Volpi S, Boland M, Kovesi T, Bjornson C, Chilvers MA, Morgan L, van Wylick R, Kent S, Price A, Solomon M, Tam K, Taylor L, Malitt KA, Ratjen F, Durie PR, Gonska T. Inconclusive diagnosis of cystic fibrosis after newborn screening. Share on Pediatrics. 2015 Jun;135(6):e1377-85. doi: 10.1542/peds.2014-2081. Epub 2015 May 11. [PubMed]
To prospectively study infants with an inconclusive diagnosis of cystic fibrosis (CF) identified by newborn screening (NBS; “CF screen positive, inconclusive diagnosis” [CFSPID]) for disease manifestations.prospectively evaluated and monitored. Genotype, phenotype, repeat sweat test, serum trypsinogen, and microbiology data were compared between subjects with CF and CFSPID and between subjects with CFSPID who did (CFSPID→CF) and did not (CFSPID→CFSPID) fulfill the criteria for CF during the first 3 years of life.Eighty-two subjects with CFSPID and 80 subjects with CF were enrolled. The ratio of CFSPID to CF ranged from 1:1.4 to 1:2.9 in different centers. CFTR mutation rates did not differ between groups; 96% of subjects with CFSPID and 93% of subjects with CF had 2 mutations. Subjects with CFSPID had significantly lower NBS immunoreactive trypsinogen (median [interquartile range]:77 [61-106] vs 144 [105-199] μg/L; P < .0001) than did subjects with CF. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia were isolated in 12% and 5%, respectively, of subjects with CFSPID. CF was diagnosed in 9 of 82 (11%) subjects with CFSPID (genotype and abnormal sweat chloride = 3; genotype alone = 4; abnormal sweat chloride only = 2). Sweat chloride was abnormal in CFSPID→CF patients at a mean (SD) age of 21.3 (13.8) months. CFSPID→CF patients had significantly higher serial sweat chloride (P < .0001) and serum trypsinogen (P = .009) levels than did CFSPID→CFSPID patients.A proportion of infants with CFSPID will be diagnosed with CF within the first 3 years. These findings underscore the need for clinical monitoring, repeat sweat testing at age 2 to 3 years, and extensive genotyping.
– This report is rather confusing. The fact that 96% of subjects with “CF positive screen but inconclusive diagnosis (CFSPID)” had two CF mutations surely indicates they had cystic fibrosis and would eventually develop overt clinical signs if not already present in mild degree? It is important to follow such infants carefully in the long term at a CF centre rather than at their local hospital to treat the very earliest signs of malabsorption or chest involvement. The days of “not bad enough to refer to a CF centre” are over! Many UK paediatricians would start long term flucloxacillin and vitamin supplements in the infants with two CF mutations and carefully assess their need for pancreatic enzymes as “normal weight” may also represent suboptimal weight gain for a particular infant.
Uc A; Olivier AK; Griffin MA; Meyerholz DK; Yao J; Abu-El-Haija M; Buchanan KM; Vanegas Calderon OG; Abu-El-Haija M; Pezzulo AA; Reznikov LR; Hoegger MJ; Rector MV; Ostedgaard LS; Taft PJ; Gansemer ND; Ludwig PS; Hornick EE; Stoltz DA; Ode KL; Welsh MJ; Engelhardt JF; Norris AW. Glycaemic regulation and insulin secretion are abnormal in cystic fibrosis pigs despite sparing of islet cell mass. Clinical Science 2015; 128(2):131-42.[PubMed]
Glycaemic abnormalities and insulin secretion defects were present in newborn CF pigs and spontaneous hyperglycaemia developed over time. It is interesting that functional changes in CF pig pancreas were not associated with a decline in islet cell mass. The results suggest that functional islet abnormalities, independent of structural islet loss, contribute to the early pathogenesis of CFRD.
Olivier AK; Gibson-Corley KN; Meyerholz DK. Animal models of gastrointestinal and liver diseases. Animal models of cystic fibrosis: gastrointestinal, pancreatic, and hepatobiliary disease and pathophysiology. [Review] Am J Physiol – Gastr L 2015; 308(6):G459-71. [PubMed]
Fig 17. Alicia Oliver
Multiple organ systems, including the gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, and hepatobiliary systems, are affected by cystic fibrosis. Many of these changes begin early in life and are difficult to study in young CF patients. Recent development of novel CF animal models has expanded opportunities in the field to better understand CF pathogenesis and evaluate traditional and innovative therapeutics. In this review, the authors discuss manifestations of CF disease in gastrointestinal, pancreatic, and hepatobiliary systems of humans and animal models. They also compare the similarities and limitations of animal models and discuss future direction for modeling CF.
Alicia K Olivier (figure 17) is Director of the Comparative Pathology Laboratory, University of Iowa where a great deal of the CF animal work is carried out.
O’Neill K; Bradley JM; Johnston E; McGrath S; McIlreavey L; Rowan S; Reid A; Bradbury I; Einarsson G; Elborn JS; Tunney MM. Reduced bacterial colony count of anaerobic bacteria is associated with a worsening in lung clearance index and inflammation in cystic fibrosis. ONE [Electronic Resource]. 10(5):e0126980, 2015. Free PMC article [PubMed]
Anaerobic bacteria have been identified in abundance in the airways of cystic fibrosis subjects. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the colony count of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, lung clearance index (LCI), spirometry and C-Reactive Protein (CRP) in patients with CF.The authors observed an inverse correlation between colony count of aerobic bacteria (n = 41, r = -0.35; p = 0.02), anaerobic bacteria (n = 41, r = -0.44, p = 0.004) and LCI was observed. There was an inverse correlation between colony count of anaerobic bacteria and CRP (n = 25, r = -0.44, p = 0.03) only.The authors consider the results of this study demonstrate that a lower colony count of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria correlated with a worse lung clearance index. A lower colony count of anaerobic bacteria also correlated with higher CRP levels. They suggest these results indicate that lower abundance of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria may reflect microbiota disruption and disease progression in the CF lung.
– These findings are difficult to understand. It is advised the reader looks at the full article which is available.
Park IK; Olivier KN. Nontuberculous mycobacteria in cystic fibrosis and non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis. Respir Crit Care Med 2015; 36(2):217-24. 25826589 K N [PubMed]
Fig 18. Kenneth Oliver
Increasing numbers of CF and non-CF bronchiectasis patients are affected by pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infection worldwide. Two species of NTM account for up to 95% of the pulmonary NTM infections: Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) and Mycobacterium abscessus complex (MABSC). Diagnosis of pulmonary NTM infection is based on criteria specified in the 2007 American Thoracic Society/Infectious Disease Society of America (ATS/IDSA) guidelines.While many initial positive cultures do not progress to active NTM disease, even a single positive NTM sputum culture obtained from higher risk groups such as classic CF or older women with bronchiectasis and very low body mass index should be closely monitored for progressive disease.Macrolides remain the most effective agents available against MAC and MABSC. Infection with MABSC may be associated with worse clinical outcomes, as more than half of MABSC isolates have inducible macrolide resistance conferred by an active erm(41) gene.
Of growing concern in CF is that MABSC is becoming more common than MAC, seems to target younger patients with classic CF, and is more difficult to manage, often requiring prolonged courses of intravenous antibiotics. Recurrence rates of NTM after initial successful treatment remain high, likely due to non-modifiable risk factors raising the question of whether secondary prophylaxis is feasible. More rapid and readily available methods for detecting inducible macrolide resistance and better in vitro susceptibility testing methods for other drugs that correlate with clinical responses are needed. This is crucial to identify more effective regimens of existing drugs and for development of novel drugs for NTM infection
A timely article on an increasing problem in people with CF by experts in this area.Kenneth Olivier (figure 18) is a pulmonologist in Bethesda, Maryland and is affiliated with National Institutes of Health Clinical Center.
Patel S, Sinha IP, Dwan K, Echevarria C, Schechter M, Southern KW. Potentiators (specific therapies for class III and IV mutations) for cystic fibrosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 Mar 26;3:CD009841. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD009841.pub2. [PubMed]
To evaluate te effects of CFTR potentiators on clinically important outcomes in children and adults with cystic fibrosis. The authors included four randomised controlled trials (n = 378), lasting from 28 days to 48 weeks, comparing the potentiator ivacaftor to placebo. Trials differed in terms of design and participant eligibility criteria, which limited the meta-analyses. The phase 2 trial (n = 19) and two phase 3 trials (adult trial (n = 167), paediatric trial (n = 52)), recruited participants with the G551D mutation (class III). The fourth trial (n = 140) enrolled participants homozygous for the ΔF508 mutation (class II).Risks of bias in the trials were moderate. Random sequence generation, allocation concealment and blinding of trial personnel were well-documented. Participant blinding was less clear throughout all trials; in three trials, some participant data were excluded from the analysis. Selective outcome reporting was apparent in three trials. All trials were sponsored by industry and supported by other non-pharmaceutical funding bodies.No trial reported any deaths. Significantly higher quality of life scores in the respiratory domain were reported by the adult phase 3 G551D trial at 24 weeks, mean difference 8.10 (95% confidence interval (CI) 4.77 to 11.43) and 48 weeks, mean difference 8.60 (95% CI 5.27 to 11.93); but not by the paediatric phase 3 G551D trial. The adult phase 3 G551D trial reported improvements in relative change from baseline in forced expiratory volume at one second at 24 weeks, mean difference 16.90% (95% CI 13.60 to 20.20) and 48 weeks, mean difference 16.80% (95% CI 13.50 to 20.10); as did the paediatric G551D trial at 24 weeks, mean difference 17.4% (P < 0.0001)). No improvements in quality of life or lung function were reported in the ΔF508 participants.Combined data from both phase 3 G551D trials demonstrated increased reporting of cough, odds ratio 0.57 (95% CI 0.33 to 1.00) and increased episodes of decreased pulmonary function, odds ratio 0.29 (95% CI 0.10 to 0.82) in the placebo group. The adult phase 3 G551D trial demonstrated increased reporting of dizziness amongst the ivacaftor group, OR 10.55 (95% CI 1.32 to 84.47). No trial showed a difference between treatment arms in the number of participants interrupting or discontinuing the trial drug.In the phase 3 G551D trials, fewer participants assigned to ivacaftor developed serious pulmonary exacerbations. When considering all data for exacerbations, participants taking ivacaftor in the adult phase 3 G551D study developed fewer exacerbations, odds ratio 0.54 (95% CI 0.29 to 1.01). In the other G551D studies and in the ΔF508 study, there was no difference between groups in the number of participants who developed pulmonary exacerbations.Combined data from both phase 3 G551D trials demonstrated significant improvements in absolute change from baseline in forced expiratory volume at one second (% predicted) at 24 weeks, mean difference 10.80% (95% CI 8.91 to 12.69) and 48 weeks, mean difference 10.44% (95% CI 8.56 to 12.32); also in weight at 24 weeks, mean difference 2.37 kg (95% CI 1.68 to 3.06) and 48 weeks, mean difference 2.75 kg (95% CI 1.74 to 3.75). No improvements in these outcomes were reported in the ΔF508 participants.Significant reductions in sweat chloride concentration were reported in both G551D and ΔF508 participants: in combined data from both phase 3 G551D trials at 24 weeks, mean difference -48.98 mmol/L (95% CI -52.07 to -45.89) and 48 weeks, mean difference -49.03 mmol/L (95% CI -52.11 to -45.94); and from the ΔF508 trial at 16 weeks, mean difference -2.90 mmol/L (95% CI -5.60 to -0.20).
AUTHORS’ CONCLUSIONS:
Both G551D phase 3 trials (n = 219) demonstrated a clinically relevant impact of the potentiator ivacaftor on outcomes at 24 and 48 weeks, providing evidence for the use of this treatment in adults and children (over six years of age) with cystic fibrosis and the G551D mutation (class III). There is no evidence to support the use of ivacaftor in people with the ΔF508 mutation (class II) (n = 140). Trials on ivacaftor in people with different mutations are ongoing.
Patil N, Marco A, Montales MT, Bhaskar N, Mittadodla P, Mukasa LN. Pulmonary Tuberculosis in a Patient with Cystic Fibrosis. N Am J Med Sci. 2015 May;7(5):233-5. doi: 10.4103/1947-2714.157494. [PubMed] Free PMC Article
A 24-year-old CF patient had fever, cough, hemoptysis, and weight loss of 1week duration prior to admission. Past sputum cultures grew methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The patient was treated with broad spectrum antibiotics based on previous culture data, but failed to improve. Chest radiograph and computed tomography (CT) chest revealed chronic collapse of the anterior sub segment of right upper lobe and multiple bilateral cavitary lesions which were worse compared to prior films. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) was suspected and was confirmed by positive acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smears and cultures. After receiving first-line anti-tuberculous drugs, the patient’s condition markedly improved.
MTB is an infrequent finding, but considered a potential pathogen in CF patients, and may lead to serious pulmonary complications if there is a delay in diagnosis and treatment. The same group from Arkansas report a 26 year old pregnant CF patient who had recurreent MTB infection (Marco A et al. Respir Med case Rep 2015; 16;57-9).[PubMed]
Peckham D, Williams K, Wynne S, Denton M, Pollard K, Barton R. Fungal contamination of nebuliser devices used by people with cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros. 2015 Jun 20. pii: S1569-1993(15)00153-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jcf.2015.06.004. [Epub ahead of print] [PubMed
Fig 19. Daniel Peckham
A total of 170 nebulisers from 149 subjects were screened by wetting a sterile cotton swab with sterile water and swabbing each drug chamber. The swab was then plated out on Sabouraud and on Scel+agar and incubated at 27°C for up to 2weeks.Fungal cultures were positive in 86 (57.7%) patient’s devices. In 28/149 (18.8%), 39/149 (26.2%), 47/149 (31.5%) and 20/149 (13.4%) of subjects Aspergillus species, yeasts, moulds and both yeasts and moulds were isolated respectively. There was no difference in contamination rates between different devices.Nebuliser devices are frequently contaminated by moulds and yeasts and emphasis should be placed on ensuring adequate nebuliser hygiene.
Peckham D, Whitaker P, White H. Research in progress-electronic patient records: a new era. Thorax 2015 May; 70(5):473-5. doi: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2014-206573. Epub 2014 Dec 10. [PubMed]
Clinical information systems and electronic records are starting to appear in secondary care and herald new potentials for improving health provision and capturing high quality data. In 2006, the authors set up a program to develop electronic patient records (EPR) for chronic disease using Cystic Fibrosis (CF) as their initial model. Seven years on they are now exploring the real time clinical data to identify risks, trends and outcomes in chronic disease management. The authors are also working to establish new models of integration and to connect information between the client and all areas of health care.
Professor Daniel Peckham (figure 19) is Director of the Regional CF Centre for adults at St James’s University Hospital in Leeds has pioneered the use of electronic records. His unit now is mostly without paper records.
Pibiri I, Lentini L, Melfi R, Gallucci G, Pace A, Spinello A, Barone G, Di Leonardo A. Enhancement of premature stop codon readthrough in the CFTR gene by Ataluren (PTC124) derivatives. Eur J Med Chem. 2015 Aug 28;101:236-44. doi: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.06.038. Epub 2015 Jun 21 [PubMed]
The compound PTC124 (Ataluren) was reported to promote the read through of the premature UGA stop codon, although its activity was questioned. The potential interaction of PTC124 with mutated mRNA was recently suggested by molecular dynamics (MD) studies highlighting the importance of H-bonding and stacking π-π interactions. To improve the readthrough activity the authors changed the fluorine number and position in the PTC124 fluoroaryl moiety. The readthrough ability of these PTC124 derivatives was tested in human cells harboring reporter plasmids with premature stop codons in H2BGFP and FLuc genes as well as in cystic fibrosis (CF) IB3.1 cells with a nonsense mutation.
Maintaining low toxicity, three of these molecules showed higher efficacy than PTC124 in the readthrough of the UGA premature stop codon and in recovering the expression of the CFTR protein in IB3.1 cells from cystic fibrosis patient. Molecular dynamics simulations performed with mutated CFTR mRNA fragments and active or inactive derivatives are in agreement with the suggested interaction of PTC124 with mRNA.
Principi N; Blasi F; Esposito S. Azithromycin use in patients with cystic fibrosis. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2015; 34(6):1071-9. [PubMed]
Long-term treatment with azithromycin (Az) is included in the current guidelines for CF patients aged >6 years. Az has microbiological, immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties that can reduce some of the biological problems that are among the causes of the progressive lung damage associated with CF. Moreover, although it is not active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, sub-inhibitory concentrations can reduce their pathogenic role by interfering with some bacterial activities and increasing their susceptibility to antibiotics. Azithromycin also has anti-viral activity that limits the risk of the bacterial pulmonary exacerbations that frequently occur after apparently mild viral infections.
The available data seem to indicate that it is effective during its first year of administration, but the impact of longer treatment is debated. Other still undefined aspects of the use of Az include the possible emergence of antibiotic resistance in the other bacterial pathogens that usually colonise CF patients, the real incidence of adverse events and the drug’s potential interference with other routine therapies.
– A review from Milan on the present use and actions of azithromycin in CF. In the USA a median of 67.3% of eligible individuals 6 years and older are receiving longterm azithromycin – considerably more than in the UK.
Prayle AP, Jain K, Touw DJ, Koch BC, Knox AJ, Watson A, Smyth AR. The pharmacokinetics and toxicity of morning vs. evening tobramycin dosing for pulmonary exacerbations of cystic fibrosis: A randomised comparison. J Cyst Fibros. 2015 Aug 15. pii:S1569-1993(15)00174-5.doi: 10.1016/j.jcf.2015.07.012. [Epub ahead of print] Full text available [PubMed]
Fig 20. Andrew Prayle
A study to investigate whether the time of day of aminoglycoside administration modulates renal excretion of tobramycin and toxicity in children with CF. To determine whether circadian rhythms are disrupted in children with CF during hospital admission.Eighteen children were recruited to the study. There were no differences in renal clearance between the morning and evening groups. The increase in urinary KIM-1 (a biomarker of renal toxicity) was greater in the evening dosage group compared to the morning group (mean difference, 0.73ng/mg; 95% CI, 0.14 to 1.32; p=0.018). There were no differences in the other urinary biomarkers. There was normal circadian rhythm in 7/11 participants (64%).Renal elimination of tobramycin was not affected by the time of day of administration. Urinary KIM-1 raises the possibility of greater nephrotoxicity with evening administration. Four children showed disturbed circadian rhythm and high melatonin levels.
The full text is available and interesting. The authors discuss the relatively new KIM-1 marker of nephrotoxicity. Before suggesting evening dosing is definitely more toxic they advise a more extensive trial.
Andrew Prayle (figure 20) is a Clinical Assistant Professor, Faculty of Medicine and Sciences, Nottingham.
Quittner A, Suthoff E, Rendas-Baum R, Bayliss MS, Sermet-Gaudelus I, Castiglione B, Vera-Llonch M. Effect of ivacaftor treatment in patients with cystic fibrosis and the G551D-CFTR mutation: patient-reported outcomes in the STRIVE randomized, controlled trial. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2015 Jul 2; 13:93. doi: 10.1186/s12955-015-0293-6.[PubMed] Free full text
The authors evaluated how ivacaftor treatment affected CF symptoms, functioning, and well-being, as measured by the Cystic Fibrosis Questionnaire-Revised (CFQ-R), a widely-used patient-reported outcome (PRO) measure.The results illustrate broad benefits of ivacaftor treatment across many domains: respiratory symptoms, physical and social functioning, health perceptions, and vitality, as measured by the CFQ-R. The breadth of improvements reflects the systemic mechanism of action of ivacaftor compared to other therapies.
Findings support the patient-reported value of ivacaftor treatment in this patient population.
Quon BS; Schaeffer MR; Molgat-Seon Y; Wilkie SS; Wilcox PG; Guenette JA. Physiological mechanisms of dyspnoea relief following ivacaftor in cystic fibrosis : a case report. Resp Physiol Neurobiol 2015; 205:105-8. [PubMed
Fig 21. Bradley Quon
The authors performed detailed cardiopulmonary exercise testing pre- and post-initiation of ivacaftor in a 27-year old male with CF (CFTR genotype F508del/G551D) and chronic airflow obstruction (FEV1/FVC=0.44). An improvement of FEV1 (by 16%) following ivacaftor was accompanied by clinically significant improvements in exercise capacity (by 14%) and exertional dyspnea (by up to 5 Borg scale units). These improvements were attributable, at least in part, to favourable alterations in the ventilatory response to exercise, including improvements in breathing patterns (e.g., increased tidal volume and reduced breathing frequency) and dynamic operating lung volumes (e.g., increased inspiratory reserve volume and inspiratory capacity) and decreases in dynamic mechanical ventilatory constraints.
Bradley S Quon (figure 21) is Assistant Professor of Medicine University of British Columbia and Research Director of the St Paul’s Hospital Adult CF Clinic.
Qvist T, Gilljam M, Jönsson B, Taylor-Robinson D, Jensen-Fangel S, Wang M, Svahn A, Kötz K, Hansson L, Hollsing A, Hansen CR, Finstad PL, Pressler T, Høiby N, Katzenstein TL; Scandinavian Cystic Fibrosis Study Consortium (SCFSC). Epidemiology of nontuberculous mycobacteria among patients with cystic fibrosis in Scandinavia. J Cyst Fibros. 2015; 14(1):46-52. doi: 10.1016/j.jcf.2014.08.002. Epub 2014 Aug 30. [PubMed]
Data from Danish, Swedish and Norwegian CF centres between 2000 and 2012 identified 11% (157/1270) patients with at least one positive NTM culture during this period. Higher rates of NTM were detected in the larger centres.
Qvist T, Taylor-Robinson D, Waldmann E, Olesen HV, Hansen CR, Mathiesen IH, Høiby N, Katzenstein TL, Smyth RL, Diggle PJ, Pressler T. Comparing the harmful effects of nontuberculous mycobacteria and Gram negative bacteria on lung function in patients with cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros. 2015 Oct 5. pii: S1569-1993(15)00215-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jcf.2015.09.007. [Epub ahead of print] [PubMed]
Longitudinal registry study of 432 patients with cystic fibrosis contributing 53,771 lung function measures between 1974 and 2014. Infections with a significant impact on rate of decline in % FEV1 were Mycobacterium abscessus complex with -2.22% points per year (95% CI -3.21 to -1.23), Burkholderia cepacia complex -1.95% (95% CI -2.51 to -1.39), Achromobacter xylosoxidans -1.55% (95% CI -2.21 to -0.90), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa -0.95% (95% CI -1.24 to -0.66). Clearing M. abscessus complex was associated with a change to a slower decline, similar in magnitude to the pre-infection slope.
– A helpful record of extensive experience over a considerable time from Copenhagen confirming the more serious consequences of M. abscessus.
Radhakrishna N, Morton J. Burkholderia pseudomallei in cystic fibrosis and treatment complications. Respirol Case Rep. 2015 Mar;3(1):1-2. doi: 10.1002/rcr2.86. Epub 2014 Nov 30. [PubMed] Full article available.
A healthy 29-year-old Australian man with cystic fibrosis (CF) grew Burkholderia pseudomallei on a routine sputum culture 1 month after returning from holiday in Thailand. He underwent a 12-month treatment regime with multiple antibiotics resulting in a number of adverse events. Sputum cultures were cleared of the pathogen and remain negative 8 years post-treatment. There were no clinical sequelae and no deterioration in lung function. Few reports have been published to date on melioidosis in CF patients. The proposed management for this infection includes multiple antibiotics regimens for prolonged periods of time, which may result in adverse events. Optimal treatment and length of treatment are currently determined on an individual basis.
Ramsey KA, Ranganathan S, Park J, Skoric B, Adams AM, Simpson SJ, Robins-Browne RM, Franklin PJ, de Klerk NH, Sly PD, Stick SM, Hall GL; AREST CF. Early respiratory infection is associated with reduced spirometry in children with cystic fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2014; 190(10):1111-6. doi: 10.1164/rccm.201407-1277OC. [PubMed]
Lung function (forced expiratory volume in the first three-quarters of a second [FEV0.75], FVC) was assessed in individuals with cystic fibrosis diagnosed after newborn screening and healthy subjects during infancy (0-2 yr) and again at early school age (4-8 yr). Individuals with cystic fibrosis underwent annual bronchoalveolar lavage fluid examination, and chest computed tomography. They determined which clinical outcomes (pulmonary inflammation, infection, structural lung disease, respiratory hospitalisations, antibiotic prophylaxis) measured in the first 2 years of life were associated with reduced lung function in infants and young children with cystic fibrosis, using a mixed effects model.Children with cystic fibrosis (n = 56) had 8.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], -15.9 to -6.6; P = 0.04) lower FEV0.75 compared with healthy subjects (n = 18). Detection of pro-inflammatory bacterial pathogens in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was associated with clinically significant reductions in FEV0.75 (ranging between 11.3 and 15.6%).The onset of lung disease in infancy, specifically the occurrence of lower respiratory tract infection, is associated with low lung function in young children with cystic fibrosis. Deficits in lung function measured in infancy persist into childhood, emphasising the need for targeted therapeutic interventions in infancy to maximise functional outcomes later in life.
– More evidence that intervention against infection must be very early in CF infants if the decline in respiratory function is to be minimised or hopefully even avoided. The UK CF Trust Antibiotic Working Group’s recommendation of longterm flucloxacillin for CF infants from birth for at least the first 3 years seems to be supported by recent studies of this type.
Reid PA, McAllister DA, Boyd AC, Innes JA, Porteous D, Greening AP, Gray RD. Measurement of serum calprotectin in stable patients predicts exacerbation and lung function decline in cystic fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2015 Jan 15;191(2):233-6. doi: 10.1164/rccm.201407-1365LE. Free article. [PubMed]
A single measurement of serum calprotectin in stability predicts changes in disease activity manifest by time to next exacerbation and decline in lung function. The authors suggest that measurement of calprotectin in the clinic may allow the identification of patients at high risk of exacerbation and/or lung function decline and allow appropriate tailoring of therapy.
– The full reference to this letter from Scotland contains much useful detail.
Reichman G, De Boe V, Braeckman J, Michielsen D. Urinary incontinence in patients with cystic fibrosis. Scand J Urol. 2015 Oct 19:1-4. [Epub ahead of print] [PubMed]
Questionnaires were used to determine the prevalence of incontinence in patients of the Cystic Fibrosis Clinic of the University Hospital in Brussels. Questionnaires were completed by 122 participants aged 6-59 years, showing an overall prevalence of 27% for urinary incontinence. Mainly adults reported urinary incontinence, with a prevalence of 11% in men and 68% in women aged 12 and above. The amount of urinary leakage was usually only a few drops and coughing mainly triggered it. Many of the participants had never mentioned this symptom to anyone.
– As in previous studies, the problem was particularly frequent in women with CF. It is relevant that a quarter of this study population refrained from coughing up phlegm and from physiotherapy. This may adversely affect their respiratory condition. So it is important to actively question and inform about this problem, to enable its detection and treatment.
Ren CL, Fink AK, Petren K, Borowitz DS, McColley SA, Sanders DB, Rosenfeld M, Marshall BC. Outcomes of infants with indeterminate diagnosis detected by cystic fibrosis newborn screening. Pediatrics. 2015 Jun;135(6):e1386-92. doi: 10.1542/peds.2014-3698. Epub 2015 May 11. [PubMed]
Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator-related metabolic syndrome (CRMS) describes asymptomatic infants with a positive cystic fibrosis (CF) newborn screen (NBS) but inconclusive diagnostic testing for CF. Little is known about the epidemiology and outcomes of CRMS. The goal of this study was to determine the prevalence, clinical features, and short-term outcomes of infants with CRMS.The authors analyzed data from the US CF Foundation Patient Registry (CFFPR) from 2010 to 2012. They compared demographic, diagnostic, anthropometric, health care utilization, microbiology, and treatment characteristics between infants with CF and infants with CRMS.There were 1983 infants diagnosed via NBS between 2010 and 2012 reported to the CFFPR. By using the CF Foundation guideline definitions, 1540 and 309 infants met the criteria for CF and CRMS, respectively (CF:CRMS ratio = 5.0:1.0). Of note, 40.8% of infants with CRMS were entered into the registry with a clinical diagnosis of CF. Infants with CRMS tended to have normal nutritional indices. However, 11% of infants with CRMS had a positive Pseudomonas aeruginosa respiratory tract culture in the first year of life.CRMS is a common outcome of CF NBS, and some infants with CRMS may develop features concerning for CF disease. A substantial proportion of infants with CRMS were assigned a clinical diagnosis of CF, which may reflect misclassification or clinical features not collected in the CFFPR.
– It is no surprise that many of the “cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator related metabolic syndrome” (CRMS) were eventually classified as having cystic fibrosis.
Ridderberg W, Andersen C, Væth M, Bregnballe V, Nørskov-Lauritsen N, Schiøtz PO. . Lack of evidence of increased risk of bacterial transmission during cystic fibrosis educational programmes. J Cyst Fibros. 2015 May 20. pii: S1569-1993(15)00115-0. doi: 10.1016/j.jcf.2015.04.007. [Epub ahead of print] [PubMed]
Winnie Ridderberg
Educational and rehabilitation programmes increase the quality-of-life of patients with cystic fibrosis, but patients are discouraged to participate because of the risk of cross-infections.Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Haemophilus influenzae cultured one year before to one year after attendance were investigated by pulsed field gel electrophoresis, multilocus sequence typing and/or spa-typing. The authors typed 984 bacterial isolates cultured from 46 patients aged 5-18years attending educational programmes at Aarhus University Hospital during 2009-2011. There were no cross-infections with P. aeruginosa. Six cases of S. aureus or H. influenzae strain replacement with a new strain-type shared with a fellow attendee were found. However, the probability of acquiring a shared strain of S. aureus or H. influenzae was not increased for patients attending educational programmes.Transmission of P. aeruginosa, S. aureus and H. influenzae related to attendance to the investigated educational programmes could not be documented.
– This writer considers this abstract is seriously misleading and suggests readers consult the full text. The full text states that “CF patients infected with Burkholderia cepacia complex, methicillin-resistant S. aureus, Pandorea sp., multiresistant Achromobacter sp., or multiresistant P. aeruginosa were excluded from participation in educational programmes. The attendees were not segregated according to P. aeruginosa carrier status, but patients with respiratory cultures of P. aeruginosa six months prior to attendance (n = 13) were treated with oral ciprofloxacin and inhaled tobramycin the evening before and on the morning of educational programme days in order to minimise the risk of transmission. Children with respiratory cultures of Achromobacter sp. six months prior to attendance (n = 1) were treated with inhaled colistin the evening before and on the morning of educational programme days in order to minimise the risk of transmission”.
Few clinicians would allow their patients to attend these programmes the danger being that a highly resistant P. aeruginosa may spread to a number of other patients before it was recognised as has been reported from other clinics with tragic results.
Dr Winnie Ridderberg is Senior scientist at QIAGEN Aaathus Denmark
Robertson SM; Luo X; Dubey N; Li C; Chavan AB; Gilmartin GS; Higgins M; Mahnke L. Clinical drug-drug interaction assessment of ivacaftor as a potentialitor of cytochrome P450 and P-glycoprotein. J Clin Pharmacol 2015; 55(1):56-62. [PubMed]
A series of in vitro experiments conducted early in the development of ivacaftor indicated ivacaftor and metabolites may have the potential to inhibit cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C8, CYP2C9, CYP3A, and CYP2D6, as well as P-glycoprotein (P-gp). Based on these results, a series of clinical drug-drug interaction (DDI) studies were conducted to evaluate the effect inhib of ivacaftor on sensitive substrates of CYP2C8 (rosiglitazone), CYP3A (midazolam), CYP2D6 (desipramine), and P-gp (digoxin). In addition, a DDI study was conducted to evaluate the effect of ivacaftor on a combined oral contraceptive, as this is considered an important comedication in CF patients.
The results indicate ivacaftor is a weak inhibitor of CYP3A and P-gp, but has no effect on CYP2C8 or CYP2D6.Ivacaftor caused non-clinically significant increases in ethinyl estradiol and norethisterone exposure. Based on these results, caution and appropriate monitoring are recommended when concomitant substrates of CYP2C9, CYP3A and/or P-gp are used during treatment with ivacaftor, particularly drugs with a narrow therapeutic index, such as warfarin.
Roberts R; Speight L; Lee J; George L; Ketchell RI; Lau D; Duckers J. Retinal screening of patients with cystic fibrosis-related diabetes in Wales – a real eye opener. J Cyst Fibros 2015; 14(2):282-4. [PubMed]
In the UK the National Screening Committee recommends annual retinal screening for all diabetic patients over the age of twelve years. Currently, patients on insulin therapy for Cystic Fibrosis-Related Diabetes Mellitus (CFRD) at the All Wales Adult Cystic Fibrosis Service, UK are invited for annual screening. 67 of the 228 (29%) patients attending the CF centre were receiving insulin therapy. Of the 43 who had retinal scans, 18 (42%) had evidence of retinopathy. Patients with retinopathy had a higher mean HbA1c (p=0.04), mean duration of diabetes and mean duration on insulin (p<0.001).Almost half of the patients screened had evidence of retinopathy but over a third of the patients with CFRD did not attend screening appointments. Improving patient uptake of retinal scans will become increasingly important in an ageing CF population.
– A disappointing proportion of eligible patients attended for retinal screening particularly in view of the high percentage of retinopathy in those who did attend.
Roux AL, Catherinot E, Soismier N, Heym B, Bellis G, Lemonnier L, Chiron R, Fauroux B, Le Bourgeois M, Munck A, Pin I, Sermet I, Gutierrez C, Véziris N, Jarlier V, Cambau E, Herrmann JL, Guillemot D, Gaillard JL; OMA group. Comparing Mycobacterium massiliense and Mycobacterium abscessus lung infections in cystic fibrosis patients. J Cyst Fibros. 2015; 14(1):63-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jcf.2014.07.004. Epub 2014 Jul 30. [PubMed]
This data from a national French survey, show a particular link between M. massiliense and malnutrition specifically in CF patients. Unlike M. abscessus, the bacteriological response of M. massiliense to combination antibiotic therapies containing clarithromycin was excellent. Distinguishing between M. massiliense and M. abscessus has major clinical implications for CF patients.
Rowland M, Gallagher C, Gallagher CG, Laoide RÓ, Canny G, Broderick AM, Drummond J, Greally P, Slattery D, Daly L, McElvaney NG, Bourke B. Outcome in patients with cystic fibrosis liver disease. J Cyst Fibros. 2015 Jan;14(1):120-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jcf.2014.05.013. Epub 2014 Jun 7 [PubMed]
Fig 22. Marion Rowland
Irish children with CF liver disease (CFLD), and their age and gender matched controls were enrolled at baseline and reviewed after 10 years to determine which characteristics predict mortality.72/84 (85.71%) of participants were followed, (mean age Cases 21.71yrs SD 6.5, CF controls 23.62 SD 5.6, 22 (61%) males), with no difference in duration of follow-up. Nineteen participants (26.4%) died, 38.9% (14/36) with CFLD and 13.89% (5/36) CF controls (Odds Ratio (OR) 3.94 95% CI:1.23-12.56 p=0.005). In logistic regression, liver disease (OR 4.28 95% CI 1.07-17.16) female gender (OR 12.25 95% CI 2.37-63.24), reduced pulmonary function, (OR 5.11 95% CI 1.09-23.81) were each independent risk factors for mortality in CF. zzzThe authors concluded liver disease is an independent risk factor for mortality in CF
Marion Rowland (figure 22) is Lecturer in Clinical Research, School of Medicine Dublin. She has had extensive international experience and for the past 15 years has been a Clinical Epidemiologist with a special interest in paediatric gastrointestinal diseases.
Sawicki GS, McKone EF, Pasta DJ, Millar SJ, Wagener JS,, Johnson CA, Konstan MW. Sustained Benefit from Ivacaftor Demonstrated by Combining Clinical Trial and Cystic Fibrosis Patient Registry Data. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2015 Oct 1;192(7):836-42. doi: 10.1164/rccm.201503-0578OC. [PubMed]
A study to examine, over a 3-year period, whether ivacaftor therapy affects pulmonary function and nutritional measures in patients with CF with a G551D mutation compared with patients with CF who are homozygous for the F508del mutation.A propensity score was used to match patients with CF greater than or equal to 6 years of age who have a G551D mutation and received ivacaftor in clinical trials for up to 144 weeks with data from patients in the U.S. Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Patient Registry who are homozygous for the F508del mutation.The rate of lung function decline in G551D ivacaftor-treated patients was slower by nearly half. Moreover, treatment with ivacaftor is shown to improve body mass index and weight-for-age z scores for G551D patients over the 3-year analysis period. The authors conclude these findings suggest that ivacaftor is a disease-modifying therapy for the treatment of cystic fibrosis.
– Few would question the authors’ conclusions that ivacaftor is a disease modifying therapy for the treatment of CF. However the study does show that the benefits are sustained.
Sanders B, Emerson J, Ren CL, Schechter MS, Gibson RL, Morgan W, Rosenfeld M; EPIC Study Group. Early Childhood Risk Factors for Decreased FEV1 at Age Six to Seven Years in Young Children with Cystic Fibrosis. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2015; 12(8):1170-6. doi: 10.1513/AnnalsATS.201504-198OC. [PubMed]
To evaluate early childhood predictors of lung function at age 6-7 in a large U.S. CF cohort in the current era of widespread early eradication therapy for P. aeruginosa. Participants were children with CF enrolled before age 4 in the Early Pseudomonas Infection Control (EPIC) Observational Study, a multicenter, longitudinal study that enrolled P. aeruginosa-negative children not exceeding 12 years of age. Linear regression was used to estimate the association between potential early childhood risk factors and the best FEV1% predicted at age 6-7 years.Four hundred and eighty-four children (of 1,797 enrolled in the EPIC Observational Study) met the eligibility criteria for this analysis. Mean (SD) age at enrolment was 2.0 (1.3) years.In a multivariable model adjusted for age at enrolment, the following risk factors were significantly associated with lower mean (95% confidence interval) FEV1% predicted at age 6-7: weight percentile less than 10% during the year of enrolment (-5.3 [-9.1, -1.5]), P. aeruginosa positive during the year of enrolment (-2.8 [-5.7, 0.0]), crackles or wheeze during the year of enrolment (-5.7 [-9.4, -1.9]), mother’s education of high school or less (-4.2 [-7.3, -1.2]), and mother smoked during pregnancy (-4.4 [-8.8, 0.1]).In this large U.S. cohort, the authors identified several early childhood risk factors for lower FEV1 at age 6-7 years, most of which are modifiable.
– Most of the factors identified are predictable and have been suggested in previous studies but it is good to have them clearly documented in such a large population.
Sawicki GS, Chou W, Raimundo K, Trzaskoma B, Konstan MW. Randomized trial of efficacy and safety of dornase alfa delivered by eRapid nebulizer in cystic fibrosis patients. J Cyst Fibros. 2015 Nov;14(6):777-83. doi: 10.1016/j.jcf.2015.04.003. Epub 2015 Apr 25. [PubMed]
Efficacy and safety of dornase alfa via an electronic nebulizer with vibrating membrane technology have not been formally assessed in randomized clinical trials. 87 CF patients (≥6years) were randomized in a crossover study to receive dornase alfa 2.5mg/d in 2-week periods with the Pari eRapid and Pari LC Plus jet nebulizers. The primary end point was comparison of forced expiratory volume in the first second. Safety, quality of life, and treatment satisfaction/preference were also compared between devices.Lung function was equivalent between nebulizers. Most domain scores from the Cystic Fibrosis Questionnaire-Revised and Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication instruments were similar but patients strongly preferred the eRapid. Mean patient-reported administration times were shorter with the eRapid vs the LC Plus (2.7 vs 10.2min). Adverse events were similar between devices.
Administration of dornase alfa via the eRapid nebulizer resulted in comparable efficacy and safety, shorter nebulization times, and higher patient preference.
Savant AP, McColley SA. 2014 year in review: Cystic fibrosis. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2015 Nov;50(11):1147-56. doi: 10.1002/ppul.23309. Epub 2015 Sep 7.[PubMed]
Fig 24. Susanna McColley
Fig 23. Adrienne Savant
In this article, the authors review cystic fibrosis research published in Pediatric Pulmonology during 2014, as well as related articles published in other journals. This is a very interesting, comprehensive well referenced (100 references) account of progress during 2014 and is recommended reading for all those responsible for any aspect of CF care.
Susanna McColley (figure 24) is Associate Director, Cystic Fibrosis Center Division of Pulmonary Medicine Ann & H. Lurie Robert Children’s Hospital of Chicago;
Adrienne Savant (figure 23) iis Attending Physician, Pulmonary Medicine; Co-Director, Cystic Fibrosis Center Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine.
Safi KH, Filbrun AG, Nasr SZ. Hypervitaminosis A causing hypercalcemia in cystic fibrosis. Case report and focused review. Am Thorac Soc 2014; 11(8):1244-7. doi: 10.1513/AnnalsATS.201404-170BC.[PubMed]
Hypercalcemia is a rare complication of hypervitaminosis A. The authors report a 4-year old child with cystic fibrosis (CF) and pancreatic insufficiency who was found to have hypervitaminosis A causing hypercalcemia, complicated by nephrocalcinosis and renal impairment. She was managed by withholding vitamin A supplements, aggressive diuresis, and prednisolone.The authors emphasise the importance of regular vitamin A monitoring in patients with CF. There is a wide variability for the lowest intake of vitamin A required to cause toxicity.
– It is disappointing to read that there are still children with CF who do not have their fat soluble vitamin levels monitored on a regular basis – a practice recommended for over 30 years!
Schall JI, Mascarenhas MR, Maqbool A, Dougherty KA, Elci O, Wang DJ, Altes TA, Hommel KA, Shaw W, Moore J, Stallings VA. Choline Supplementation with a Structured Lipid in Children with Cystic Fibrosis: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2015 Oct 9. [Epub ahead of print] [PubMed]
Choline depletion is seen in cystic fibrosis (CF) and pancreatic insufficiency (PI) in spite of enzyme treatment and may result in liver, fatty acid and muscle abnormalities. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of an easily absorbed choline-rich structured lipid (LYM-X-SORB [LXS]) to improve choline status.Children with CF and PI were randomised to LXS or placebo in a 12-month double blind trial. 110 subjects were enrolled (age 10.4 ± 3.0 years). LXS had improved choline intake, plasma choline status and muscle choline stores, compared with placebo. The choline-rich supplement was safe, accepted by participants and improved choline status in children with CF.
– The metabolism and significance of choline in CF and other conditions has been reviewed recently (Hollebeck CB. Cent Nerv Syst Agents Med Cham 2012; 12(2):100-13. [PubMed]. In the present study there is no mention that there was any change in the clinical condition commensurate with the improved choline status.>
Schechter MS; Regelmann WE; Sawicki GS; Rasouliyan L; VanDevanter DR; Rosenfeld M; Pasta D; Morgan W; Konstan MW. Antibiotic treatment of signs and symptoms of pulmonary exacerbations: a comparison by care site. Pulmonology 2015; 50(5):431-40.325 a href=”http://pmid.us/25530325″>[PubMed] Pediatric care sites enrolled in the Epidemiologic Study of Cystic Fibrosis (ESCF) were ranked by median FEV1 % predicted of the children they followed. Those sites in the highest quartile for FEV(1) were more likely to prescribe antibiotics when patients presented with either mild or overt evidence of a pulmonary exacerbation (PEx). While this may not be the only reason that their patients have superior median FEV(1), it is likely an important contributor.
– An interesting study confirming the importance of early treatment of even mild new symptoms and signs – one of the most important principles of CF care. A new cough needs treatment whatever the other signs and symptoms!
Sheikh SI; Long FR; McCoy KS; Johnson T; Ryan-Wenger NA; Hayes D Jr. Ivacaftor improves appearance of sinus disease on computerised tomography in cystic fibrosis patients with G551D mutation. Clin Otolaryngol 2015; 40(1):16-21. [PubMed]
Twelve patients with a G551D-CFTR mutation were monitored for at least one year before and after starting ivacaftor. Patients with CF and G551D mutation, within 6 months of starting ivacaftor had significant improvements in weight, BMI and mean % FEV1. Significant lessening of underlying sinus disease measured by CT scan was noted, suggesting a disease modifying effect.
Sheikh SI; Long FR; McCoy KS; Johnson T; Ryan-Wenger NA; Hayes D Jr. Computed tomography correlates with improvement with ivacaftor in cystic fibrosis patients with G551D mutation. J Cyst Fibros 2015; 14(1):84-9. [PubMed]
A single-center study was performed in CF patients receiving ivacaftor to evaluate the usefulness of high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of the chest as a way to gauge response to ivacaftor therapy.Ten patients with CF were enrolled for at least one year before and after starting ivacaftor. At time of enrolment, mean age was 20.9 +/- 10.8 (range 10-44) years. There were significant improvements from baseline to 6 months in mean %FVC (93 +/- 16 to 99 +/- 16) and %FEV1 (79 +/- 26 to 87 +/- 28) but reverted to baseline at one year. Mean sweat chloride levels decreased significantly from baseline to one year. Mean weight and BMI improved at 6 months. Weight continued to improve with stabilisation of BMI at one year.Chest HRCT showed significant improvement at one year in mean modified Brody scores for bronchiectasis, mucous plugging, airway wall thickness, and total Brody scores. Elevated bronchiectasis and airway wall thickness scores correlated significantly with lower %FEV1, while higher airway wall thickness and mucus plugging scores correlated with more pulmonary exacerbations requiring IV and oral antibiotics respectively.The authors concluded that, based on their findings, HRCT imaging is a useful tool in monitoring response to ivacaftor therapy.
Skov M; Pressler T; Lykkesfeldt J; Poulsen HE; Jensen PO; Johansen HK; Qvist T; Kraemer D; Hoiby N; Ciofu O. The effect of short-term, high-dose oral N-acetylcysteine treatment on oxidative stress markers in cystic fibrosis patients with chronic P. aeruginosa infection — a pilot study. J Cyst Fibros 2015; 14(2):211-8. [PubMed]
Supplementation with anti-oxidants is potentially beneficial for CF patients. The effect of 4 weeks of oral N-acetylcysteine (NAC) treatment (2400 mg/day divided into two doses) on biochemical parameters of oxidative stress was investigated in an open-label, controlled, randomised trial on 21 patients; 11 patients in the NAC group and 10 in the control group. Biochemical parameters of oxidative burden and plasma levels of antioxidants were assessed at the end of the study and compared to the baseline values in the two groups.A significant increase in the plasma levels of the antioxidant ascorbic acid (p=0.037) and a significant decrease in the levels of the oxidized form of ascorbic acid (dehydroascorbate) (p=0.004) compared to baseline were achieved after NAC treatment. No significant differences were observed in the control group. The parameters of oxidative burden did not change significantly compared to baseline in either of the groups.A better lung function was observed in the NAC treated group with a mean (SD) change compared to baseline of FEV1% predicted of 2.11 (4.6), while a decrease was observed in the control group (change -1.4 (4.6)), though not statistically significant.The authors concluded treatment with N-acetylcysteine 1200 mg x 2/day for 30 days significantly decreased the level of oxidised vitamin C and increased the level of vitamin C (primary end-points) and a non statistically significant improvement of lung function was observed in this group of patients.
– Further modest evidence that N-acetylcysteine had a significant effect on the antioxidant status of people with CF. (Some past papers from as far back as 1962 are reviewed in Topics -> Mucolytics -> N-acetylcysteine).
Salinas DB, Sosnay PR, Azen C, Young S, Raraigh KS, Keens TG, Kharrazi M. Benign outcome among positive cystic fibrosis newborn screen children with non-CF-causing variants. J Cyst Fibros. 2015 Mar 28. pii: S1569-1993(15)00061-2. doi: 10.1016/j.jcf.2015.03.006. [Epub ahead of print] [PubMed]
The authors analyzed CF disease-defining variables over 2-6 years in two groups of California CF screen- positive neonates born from 2007 to 2011: (1) children with two CF-causing variants and (2) children with one CF-causing and one non-CF-causing variant, as defined by CFTR2.
Children carrying non-CF-causing variants had significantly higher birth weight, lower immunoreactive trypsinogen and sweat chloride values, higher first year growth curves, and a lower rate of persistent Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonization compared to children with two CF-causing variants.
The outcomes in children 2-6 years of age with the L997F, G576A, R1162L, V754M, R668C, R31C, and S1235R variants are consistent with the CFTR2 non-CF-causing classification.
– These results would be expected. The informatioin regarding the specific mutations is valuable.
Schultz A, Stick S. Early pulmonary inflammation and lung damage in children with cystic fibrosis. Respirology 2015 Mar 30. doi: 10.1111/resp.12521. [Epub ahead of print]
Fig Andre Schultz
Individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF) suffer progressive airway inflammation, infection and lung damage. Airway inflammation and infection are present from early in life, often before children are symptomatic. CF gene mutations cause changes in the CF transmembrane regulator protein that result in an aberrant airway microenvironment including airway surface liquid (ASL) dehydration, reduced ASL acidity, altered airway mucin and a dysregulated inflammatory response. This review discusses how an altered microenvironment drives CF lung disease before overt airway infection, the response of the CF airway to early infection, and methods to prevent inflammation and early lung disease.
Andre Schultz (figure 25) is a Paediatrician and Respiratory Physician at the Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, a Raine Medical Research Foundation Clinical Research Fellow and a Clinical Senior Lecturer at the School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia.
– Already there are a number of significant structural changes in the CF infant by the time of birth as evidenced by the often severe pancreatic changes (figure: neonatal CF pancreas). These changes permitted Dorothy Andersen to recognise CF as a distinct entity among the many marasmic infants that came to postmortem in New York during the Thirties. These changes are likely to be irreversible as may also be the case with the prenatal changes in the lung where early structural and inflammatory changes, even in the fetus, have been described and reviewed (Verhaeghe C et al. J Cyst Fibros 2007; 6:304-308. [PubMed] Full text of an interesting review), the possibility of inflammatory changes being related to ion channel abnormalities was suggested.
Simoneau T, Bazzaz O, Sawicki GS, Gordon C. Vitamin D status in children with cystic fibrosis. Associations with inflammation and bacterial colonization. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2014 Feb;11(2):205-10. doi: 10.1513/AnnalsATS.201306-171BC. [Free full text][PubMed]
Fig 26. Tregony Simoneau
This was a retrospective chart review of patients with CF under the age of 12 years who presented to the Boston Children’s Hospital and had their fat soluble vitamin levels measured. Serum laboratory parameters, growth indices, pancreatic status, CFTR genetics, medications, microbiology, and presence of CF-related co-morbidities were collected for patients who had fat-soluble vitamin levels measured between January 1, 2009 and December 31, 2011. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as a serum 25(OH)D less than 20 ng/ml and insufficiency as serum 25(OH)D 20 to 29.9 ng/ml. Associations between serum vitamin D concentration and clinical/inflammatory markers were assessed using Chi-square and t tests.
Data were collected for 148 children. The mean serum 25(OH)D concentration was 32.4 ng/ml (SD, 8.9). Seven percent (10 of 148) were vitamin D deficient, and 36 (53 of 148) were vitamin D insufficient. Among the pancreatic-sufficient patients, 50% (14 of 28) were vitamin D insufficient/deficient, whereas among pancreatic-insufficient patients, 41% (49 of 120) were vitamin D insufficient/deficient. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was a more common pathogen in the patients who were vitamin D insufficient/deficient (18 of 63 vs. 11 of 85, P = 0.018). There was no difference between vitamin D-sufficient versus -insufficient groups in terms of other bacterial colonisation or inflammatory markers.
The authors concluded vitamin D insufficiency is common among young children with CF presenting at the Boston Children’s Hospital. Vitamin D insufficiency was prevalent even in children who werepancreatic sufficient. In this population, vitamin D insufficiency is associated with a history of Pseudomonas colonization but not with classic markers of systemic inflammation. Dose of supplemental vitamin D was available for 131/148 patients, the median daily dose being 800 IU (0 – 3600). Of particular importance was the high frequency of vitamin D deficiency in the “pancreatic sufficient’ children (definition not stated) and the need to monitor their vitamin D status. The study was conducted before the recent CF Foundation vitamin D guidelines (Tangpricha V, et al. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2012;97:1082–1093).
Tregony Simoneau (figure 26) is Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, University of Connecticut School of Medicine. This chart review study was completed when she was at Boston Children’s Hospital
Stankovic Stojanovic K, Hubert D, Leroy S, Dominique S, Grenet D, Colombat M, Clement A, Fayon M, Grateau G. 25054230″> Cystic fibrosis and AA amyloidosis: a survey in the French cystic fibrosis network. Amyloid 2014; 21(4):231-7. doi: 10.3109/13506129.2014.943834. Epub 2014 Jul 23. [PubMed]
Nine cases of AA amyloidosis were identified (CF prevalence in France is approximately 6000 patients) and sufficient data were collected in six. The clinical presentation was renal disease in four cases, a compressive goitre in one case, and epigastric pain in one case. Organ involvement included kidney disease in all cases (proteinuria, with a median age at onset of 24 years, 4 cases with nephrotic syndrome, 5 with renal failure); gastrointestinal (4 cases with duodenal ulcer); thyroid (2 cases); and hepatobiliary system (3 cases). The median age at diagnosis of CF was 6.5 years. Five patients had pancreatic insufficiency. All patients had chronic respiratory infections requiring intravenous antibiotics several times a year. Five patients have died, at a median age of 29 years and a median duration of 6 years after the onset of proteinuria.
– AA amyloidosis is a rare but important complication of CF. As in these patients, renal involvement is predominant.
Stanton BA, Coutermarsh B, Barnaby R, Hogan D. Pseudomonas aeruginosa Reduces VX-809 Stimulated F508del-CFTR Chloride Secretion by Airway Epithelial Cells. PLoS One. 2015 May 27;10(5):e0127742. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127742. eCollection 2015. 26018799 Free PMC article.[PubMed]
Previously, these authors demonstrated that P. aeruginosa reduced wt-CFTR Cl secretion by airway epithelial cells. Recently, a new investigational drug VX-809 has been shown to increase F508del-CFTR Cl secretion in human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells, and, in combination with VX-770, to increase FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in 1 second) by an average of 3-5% in CF patients homozygous for the F508del-CFTR mutation.
They propose that P. aeruginosa infection of CF lungs reduces VX-809 + VX-770- stimulated F508del-CFTR Cl secretion, and thereby reduces the clinical efficacy of VX-809 + VX-770. F508del-CFBE cells and primary cultures of CF-HBE cells (F508del/F508del) were exposed to VX-809 alone or a combination of VX-809 + VX-770 for 48 hours and the effect of P. aeruginosa on F508del-CFTR Cl secretion was measured in Ussing chambers. The effect of VX-809 on F508del-CFTR abundance was measured by cell surface biotinylation and western blot analysis. PAO1, PA14, PAK and 6 clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa (3 mucoid and 3 non-mucoid) significantly reduced drug stimulated F508del-CFTR Cl secretion, and plasma membrane F508del-CFTR.
– The observation that P. aeruginosa reduces VX-809 and VX-809 + VX-770 stimulated F508del CFTR Cl secretion may explain, in part, why VX-809 + VX-770 has modest efficacy in clinical trials.
Stecenko AA, Moran A. Update on cystic fibrosis-related diabetes. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2010 Nov;16(6):611-5. doi: 10.1097/MCP.0b013e32833e8700.[PubMed]
The aim of this articis to provide a detailed review of recent publications on cystic fibrosis-related diabetes (CFRD) with a particular focus on the interplay between cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease and diabetes. CFRD is a form of diabetes that is distinct from type 1 or type 2 diabetes. CFRD remains very common and increases in prevalence with increasing age so that one in two middle-aged CF persons have CFRD. People with CFRD have lower lung function, worse nutrition, more frequent hospitalization, and worse mortality than CF people without diabetes. The excess mortality previously noted in women with CFRD compared with CF women without diabetes or CF men is much less apparent. CFRD is due to insulin deficiency and peripheral insulin resistance is much less a factor. Genetic susceptibility and oxidant stress are key risk factors for developing CFRD. The lung is the prime end organ target in CFRD and mortality is due to respiratory failure, not vascular complications. Insulin is the mainstay of therapy and early recognition and institution of therapy appear to improve health outcomes.
CFRD remains one of the most important co-morbidities in CF. Early recognition of the disease and therapeutic intervention may diminish the negative impact that diabetes has on lung health in CF. Although a clearer understanding of the role of oxidant stress and genetics in the pathogenesis of CFRD is being elucidated, much needs to be learned before more targeted, specific therapies can be developed for this distinct form of diabetes.
Subbarao P; Milla C; Aurora P; Davies JC; Davis SD; Hall GL; Heltshe S; Latzin P; Lindblad A; Pittman JE; Robinson PD; Rosenfeld M; Singer F; Starner TD; Ratjen F; Morgan W. Multiple-Breath Washout as a Lung Function Test in Cystic Fibrosis. A Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Workshop Report. Ann Amer Thorac Soc 2015; 12(6):932-9. [PubMed]
Fig 27. Padmaja Subbarao
This workshop, of distinguished attendees, concluded that the Multiple Brehttp://www.sickkids.ca/images/Staff%20profiles/9748-011549.jpgath Washout (MBW) test is a valuable potential outcome measure for CF clinical trials in preschool-aged patients and in older patients with FEV1 in the normal range. However, gaps in knowledge about the choice of device, gas, and standardisation across systems are key issues precluding its use as a clinical trial end point in infants. Based on the current evidence, they concluded there are insufficient data to support the use of Lung Clearance Index or MBW parameters in the routine clinical management of patients with CF.This attractive, non-invasive, test has received considerable attention and evaluation in recent years, particularly as a measure of respiratory function in young children. It is likely to gain general acceptance as a measure of respiratory function in young patients and represents a major advance.
Padmaja Subbarao (figure 27) is Staff Respirologist at the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto
Sonneveld N, Stanojevic S, Amin R, Aurora P, Davies J, Elborn JS, Horsley A, Latzin P, O’Neill K, Robinson P, Scrase E, Selvadurai H, Subbarao P, Welsh L, Yammine S, Ratjen F. Lung clearance index in cystic fibrosis subjects treated for pulmonary exacerbations. Eur Respir J. 2015 Oct; 46(4):1055-64. doi: 10.1183/09031936.00211914. Epub 2015 Jul 9.[PubMed]
A systematic literature search was performed to identify prospective observational studies. Factors predicting the relative change in LCI and spirometry were evaluated while adjusting for within-study clustering.Six previously reported studies and one unpublished study, which included 176 pulmonary exacerbations in both paediatric and adult patients, were included. Overall, LCI significantly decreased by 0.40 units (95% CI −0.60– −0.19, p=0.004) or 2.5% following treatment. The relative change in LCI was significantly correlated with the relative change in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), but results were discordant in 42.5% of subjects (80 out of 188). Higher (worse) baseline LCI was associated with a greater improvement in LCI (slope: −0.9%, 95% CI −1.0– −0.4%).LCI response to therapy for pulmonary exacerbations is heterogeneous in CF patients; the overall effect size is small and results are often discordant with FEV1.A retrospective analysis of pooled LCI data to assess treatment with intravenous antibiotics for pulmonary exacerbations in CF and to understand factors explaining the heterogeneous response.The study confirms that LCI does decrease significantly in patients with CF treated for a pulmonary exacerbation. However the overall effect size was smaller for LCI than for FEV1, and there was discordance between FEV1 and LCI.
The authors suggest future studies should assess how treatment response assessed by LCI is linked to the subsequent course of lung disease as well as long-term outcomes.
Taylor-Cousar J, Niknian M, Gilmartin G, Pilewski JM; for the VX11-770-901 investigators. Effect of ivacaftor in patients with advanced cystic fibrosis and a G551D-CFTR mutation: Safety and efficacy in an expanded access program in the United States. J Cyst Fibros. 2015 Feb 11. pii: S1569-1993(15)00010-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jcf.2015.01.008. [Epub ahead of print] [PubMed]
Fig 28. Jennifer Taylor-Cousar
Patients with severe lung disease were excluded from the randomized Phase 3 trials of ivacaftor. This open-label study was designed to provide ivacaftor to patients in critical medical need prior to commercial product availability. CF patients aged ≥6years with a G551D-CFTR mutation and FEV1≤40% predicted or listed for lung transplant received ivacaftor 150mg every 12h. The primary endpoint was safety as determined by adverse events. Secondary endpoints included assessment of lung function and weight.The rate of serious adverse events was consistent with disease severity. At 24weeks of treatment with ivacaftor, there was a mean absolute increase predicted FEV1% of 5.5 percentage points and a 3.3kg mean absolute increase in weight from baseline.So in patients with severe lung disease, ivacaftor was well tolerated and was associated with improved lung function and weight gain.
Taylor-Cousar JL; Wiley C; Felton LA; St Clair C; Jones M; Curran-Everett D; Poch K; Nichols DP; Solomon GM; Saavedra MT; Accurso FJ; Nick JA. Pharmacokinetics and tolerability of oral sildenafil in adults with cystic fibrosis lung disease. J Cyst Fibros 2015; 14(2):228-36. [PubMed]
Pre-clinical models have shown that phosphodiesterase inhibitors (PDEi) like sildenafil have anti-inflammatory activity. An open-label pilot study of oral sildenafil administration was conducted in adults with mild to moderate CF lung disease. Subjects received oral sildenafil 20 or 40 mg p.o. t.i.d. for 6 weeks. Twenty subjects completed the study. Subjects with CF may eliminate sildenafil at a faster rate than non-CF subjects. The drug was safe and decreased sputum elastase activity. The authors suggested further study of sildenafil as an anti-inflammatory in cystic fibrosis.See also Topics -> Drug modulation, New drugs -> phosphodiesterase inhibitors. Also sildenafil is mentioned in various contexts in this History (pulmonary hypertension, activation of chloride transport)and these can be found via ‘Site Search’ in the Main Menu.
Jennifer L Taylor-Cousar (figure 28) is Associate Director, Adult CF Program National Jewish Health, Denver, and Assistant Professor in the University of Colorado in Pulmonology and Pediatrics.
Thaker V; Haagensen AL; Carter B; Fedorowicz Z; Houston BW. Recombinant growth hormone therapy for cystic fibrosis in children and young adults.[Update of Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;6:CD008901;[PubMed] Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 5:CD008901, 2015. [PubMed]
Fig 29. Vidu Thaker
Four controlled trials were included in this review (with 161 participants in total), each with an unclear risk of bias. There was no consistent benefit in lung function across all studies. Little evidence was found for improvement in quality of life. An improvement in fasting blood glucose levels was reported when comparing recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) to placebo only. Exercise capacity improved in participants receiving standard dose recombinant growth hormone versus no treatment, but not for any other comparison.
The authors concluded recombinant growth hormone therapy is effective in improving the intermediate outcomes in height, weight and lean tissue mass when compared with no treatment. One measure of pulmonary function test showed moderate improvement at a single time point, but no consistent benefit was seen across all studies. No significant changes in quality of life, clinical status or side-effects were observed in this review. Long-term, well-designed randomised controlled trials of recombinant growth hormone therapy in people with CF are required prior to evaluation of human growth hormone treatment for routine use.
– There are now a number publications concerning growth hormone therapy in CF (see Topics -> Endocrinology – > Human growth hormone). At this time of increasing treatment possibilities and improving nutritional management, it seems unlikely there would be great enthusiasm for yet another “long-term, well designed randomised controlled trial of growth hormone therapy” as suggested by these reviewers. Treatment is expensive (up to £15,000 per year) and requires numerous injections and is very unlikely to come into “routine use”. However, the relationship between suboptimal intrauterine and postnatal growth and reduced insulin-like growth factor 1 levels is receiving increasing attention.
Vidhu Thaker (figure 29) is a Fellow in Endocrinology at Boston Children’s Hospital.
Thomsen K; Christophersen L; Bjarnsholt T; Jensen PO; Moser C; Hoiby N. Anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa IgY Antibodies Induce Specific Bacterial Aggregation and Internalization in Human Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils. Infect Immun 2015; 83(7):2686-93. [PubMed]
The authors report that Anti-P. aeruginosa IgY antibodies significantly increase the PMN-mediated respiratory burst and subsequent bacterial killing of P. aeruginosa in vitro. The mode of action is attributed to IgY-facilitated formation of immobilised bacteria in aggregates, as visualised by fluorescence microscopy and the induction of increased bacterial hydrophobicity. The present study demonstrates that avian egg yolk immunoglobulins (IgY) targeting P. aeruginosa modify bacterial fitness, which enhances bacterial killing by PMN-mediated phagocytosis and thereby may facilitate a rapid bacterial clearance in airways of people with cystic fibrosis.
– Further supportive evidence for the beneficial effect of anti-P. aeruginosa IgY antibodies in reducing susceptibility to colonisation by P. aeruginosa infection and reducing the likelihood of chronic infection. Unfortunately the results of Hans Kohlberg’s multicentre study on IgY are overdue as the trial is still underway in mid-2015. (See also Topics section “Drug modulation and New Drugs” for further information).
Tiddens HA; De Boeck K; Clancy JP; Fayon M; H G M A; Bresnik M; Derchak A; Lewis SA; Oermann CM; ALPINE study investigators. Open label study of inhaled aztreonam for Pseudomonas eradication in children with cystic fibrosis: The ALPINE study. J Cyst Fibros 2015; 14(1):111-9. [PubMed]
A single-arm, open-label Aztreonam Lysine for Pseudomonas Infection Eradication (ALPINE) study was conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a 28-day treatment course of AZLI to eradicate newly acquired Pa infection in pediatric CF patients.CF patients (3 months to <18 years) with new onset Pa infection were treated with AZLI 75 mg 3 times daily for 28 days. New onset Pa infection was defined as first lifetime Pa-positive respiratory tract culture (throat swab, sputum) or Pa-positive culture after a >2-year history of Pa-negative cultures (> 2 cultures/year). Sputum or throat swab cultures were collected at study entry (baseline) and at weeks 4 (end of treatment), 8, 16, and 28. Primary endpoint was the percentage of patients with cultures negative for Pa at all post-treatment time points.A total of 105 pediatric CF patients enrolled (3 months to <2 years, n=24; 2 to <6 years, n=25; 6 to <18 years, n=56). Of the 101 patients who completed treatment, 89.1% (n=90) were free of Pa at the end of treatment and 75.2% (n=76) were free of Pa 4 weeks after the end of treatment. Of the 79 patients evaluable for the primary endpoint, 58.2% were free of Pa at all post-treatment time points.So AZLI was effective and well tolerated in eradicating Pa from newly infected pediatric patients with CF. These eradication rates are consistent with success rates reported in the literature for various antibiotic regimens, including other inhaled antibiotics studied for eradication.
Turillazzi E, Frati P, Busardò FP, Gulino M, Fineschi V. The European Court legitimates access of Italian couples to assisted reproductive techniques and to pre-implantation genetic diagnosis Med Sci Law. 2015 Jul;55(3):194-200. doi: 10.1177/0025802414532245. Epub 2014 Apr 28. [PubMed]
On 28 August 2012, the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) issued a judgment regarding the requirements for the legitimate access of couples to assisted reproductive techniques (ART) and to pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD).This judgment concerns the case of an Italian couple who found out after their first child was born with cystic fibrosis that they were healthy carriers of the disease. When the woman became pregnant again in 2010 and underwent fetal screening, it was found that the unborn child also had cystic fibrosis, whereupon she had the pregnancy terminated on medical grounds. In order to have the embryo genetically screened prior to implantation under the procedure of PGD, the couple sought to use in vitro fertilisation to have another child. Since article 1 of the Italian law strictly limits access to ART to sterile/infertile couples or those in which the man has a sexually transmissible disease, the couple appealed to the European court, raising the question of the violation of articles 8 and 14 of the European Convention on Human Rights. The applicants lodged a complaint that they were not allowed legitimate access to ART and to PGD to select an embryo not affected by the disease.
The European Court affirmed that the prohibition imposed by Italian law violated article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights. Focusing on important regulatory and legal differences among EU Nations in providing ART treatments and PGD, the authors derived some important similarities and differences.
Uc A; Olivier AK; Griffin MA; Meyerholz DK; Yao J; Abu-El-Haija M; Buchanan KM; Vanegas Calderon OG; Abu-El-Haija M; Pezzulo AA; Reznikov LR; Hoegger MJ; Rector MV; Ostedgaard LS; Taft PJ; Gansemer ND; Ludwig PS; Hornick EE; Stoltz DA; Ode KL; Welsh MJ; Engelhardt JF; Norris AW. Glycaemic regulation and insulin secretion are abnormal in cystic fibrosis pigs despite sparing of islet cell mass. Clin Sci 2015; 128(2):131-42. [PubMed]
Because exocrine pancreatic disease is similar between humans and pigs with CF, the CF pig model has the potential to contribute significantly to the understanding of CFRD pathogenesis. The authors determined the structure of the endocrine pancreas in fetal, newborn and older CF and non-CF pigs and assessed endocrine pancreas function by intravenous glucose tolerance test (IV-GTT).In fetal pigs, pancreatic insulin and glucagon density was similar between CF and non-CF. In newborn and older pigs, the insulin and glucagon density was unchanged between CF and non-CF per total pancreatic area, but increased per remnant lobular tissue in CF reflecting exocrine pancreatic loss. Although fasting glucose levels were not different between CF and non-CF newborns, CF newborns demonstrated impaired glucose tolerance and increased glucose area under the curve during IV-GTT. Second phase insulin secretion responsiveness was impaired in CF newborn pigs and significantly lower than that observed in non-CF newborns. Older CF pigs had elevated random blood glucose levels compared with non-CF.
In summary, glycaemic abnormalities and insulin secretion defects were present in newborn CF pigs and spontaneous hyperglycaemia developed over time. Functional changes in CF pig pancreas were not associated with a decline in islet cell mass.The authors conclude their results suggest that functional islet abnormalities, independent of structural islet loss, contribute to the early pathogenesis of CFRD.
Ulph F, Cullinan T, Qureshi N, Kai J. Parents’ responses to receiving sickle cell or cystic fibrosis carrier results for their child following newborn screening. Eur J Hum Genet. 2015 Apr;23(4):459-65. doi: 10.1038/ejhg.2014.126. Epub 2014 Jul 9.[PubMed]
Fig 30. Fiona Ulph
Universal newborn screening for sickle cell disorders and cystic fibrosis aims to enable the early identification and treatment of affected babies. Screening can also identify infants who are healthy carriers, with carrier results being the commonest outcome for parents and professionals to discuss in practice. However it is unclear what the effect will be on parents on being informed of their baby’s carrier result.Semi-structured face-to-face interviews were conducted with a purposeful sample of 67 family members (49 mothers, 16 fathers, 2 grandparents) of 51 infants identified by universal newborn screening as carriers of cystic fibrosis (n=27) and sickle cell (n=24), across all health regions in England. Data were analysed by thematic analysis with subsequent respondent validation. Untoward anxiety or distress among parents appeared influenced by how results were conveyed, rather than the carrier result per se. Parents who had more prior awareness of carrier status or the possibility of a carrier result assimilated the information more readily. Being left in an information vacuum while awaiting results, or before seeing a professional, led some parents to fear that their child had a serious health condition. Parental distress and anxiety appeared mostly transient, subsiding with understanding of carrier status and communication with a professional. Parents regarded carrier results as valuable information and sought to share this with their families and to inform their children in the future. However parents needed greater support after communication of results in considering and accessing cascade testing, and negotiating further communication within their families.It is good that parents welcomed being informed of their infant’s carrier status as others have found, provided they receive adequate information, may regard as an opportunity for future prevention.
Fiona Ulph (figure 30) is Senior Lecturer in Qualitative Methods, School of Psychological Sciences in the University of Manchester. Her research interests focus on children’s roles in health care; professional-parent-child communications; and advances in genetics and screening.
Vanstone MB; Egan ME; Zhang JH; Carpenter TO. Association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level and pulmonary exacerbations in cystic fibrosis. Pulmonology 2015; 50(5):441-6. [PubMed]
Fig 33 Michelle Vanstone
The annual number of pulmonary exacerbations in pediatric CF patients was found to be significantly associated with 25-OHD levels and gender, raising the consideration that maintaining vitamin D sufficiency may lead to decreased incidence of pulmonary exacerbations and hospitalisations requiringantibiotic therapy.
Dr. Michelle Vanstone, (figure 31) is a pediatric endocrinologist in Saint Louis, Missouri. This paper is from Dept. of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine.
– It is surprising that there are still reports of children with CF who have suboptimal vitamin D levels despite the fact that the tendency to low fat soluble vitamin levels and the need for adequate monitoring and appropriate supplementation has been known for over 30 years! It could be that in the group with increased pulmonary exacerbations and low levels of vitamin D, both were a reflection of the care the patients received?
Visca A; Bishop CT; Hilton S; Hudson VM. Oral reduced L-glutathione improves growth in pediatric cystic fibrosis patients. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2015; 60(6):802-10.[PubMed]
The aim of the study was to determine whether oral GSH could improve growth in CF. Subjects were treated with oral GSH or placebo (calcium citrate), each 65 mg kg day divided into 3 doses per day at mealtimes, and administered daily for 6 months. The GSH treatment group gained an average of 0.67 standard deviation (SD) in weight-for-age-and sex z score (wfaszs), (19.1 weight percentile points) during the course of 6 months, with no adverse effects (vs placebo with an increase of 0.1 SD in wfaszs [2.1 weight percentile points], P < 0.0001). Fecal calprotectin improved, GSH -52.0 vs placebo 0.5), also BMI for GSH improved 0.69 SD BMI-adjusted-for-age-and-sex z score versus placebo 0.22 SD (BMI percentile 21.7 GSH vs 5.2 placebo), and height 0.2 SD in height-for-age-and-sex z score (hfaszs) GSH versus -0.06 SD hfaszs placebo [height percentile 7.0 GSH vs -2.6 placebo], all P < 0.0001). Secondary outcomes improved significantly, as well. The authors concluded that oral reduced L-GSH significantly improves measures of growth status and gut inflammation in CF. Glutathione just won’t go away! Despite the lack of interest in acetyl cysteine and glutathione in the UK, some published work seems to demonstrate some beneficial effect in people with CF (see Topics -> mucolytics -> N-acetyl cysteine).
Vreede CL; Berkhout MC; Sprij AJ; Fokkens WJ; Heijerman HG. Ivacaftor and sinonasal pathology in a cystic fibrosis patient with genotype deltaF508/S1215N. J Cyst Fibros 2015; 14(3):412-3. [PubMed]
A report of a positive favourable effect of ivacaftor on the sinonasal pathology in a 17 year old patient with CF. Although there were some adverse reports of the effect of ivacaftor on the upper respiratory tract, after 5 months of ivacaftor use in this patient, the CT-sinus showed complete resolution of the opacification of the paranasal sinuses and a decrease in symptoms of sinonasal disease.
Wainwright CE, Elborn JS, Ramsey BW, Marigowda G, Huang X, Cipolli M, Colombo C, Davies JC, De Boeck K, Flume PA, Konstan MW, McColley SA, McCoy K, McKone EF, Munck A, Ratjen F, Rowe SM, Waltz D, Boyle MP; TRAFFIC Study Group; TRANSPORT Study Group. Lumacaftor-Ivacaftor in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis Homozygous for Phe508del CFTR. N Engl J Med. 2015 Jul 16;373(3):220-31. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1409547. Epub 2015 May 17. [PubMed]
Two phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies were designed to assess the effects of lumacaftor (VX-809), a CFTR corrector, in combination with ivacaftor (VX-770), a CFTR potentiator, in patients 12 years of age or older who had cystic fibrosis and were homozygous for the Phe508del CFTR mutation. In both studies, patients were randomly assigned to receive either lumacaftor (600 mg once daily or 400 mg every 12 hours) in combination with ivacaftor (250 mg every 12 hours) or matched placebo for 24 weeks. The primary end point was the absolute change from baseline in the percentage of predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) at week 24.A total of 1108 patients underwent randomization and received study drug. The mean baseline FEV1 was 61% of the predicted value. In both studies, there were significant improvements in the primary end point in both lumacaftor-ivacaftor dose groups; the difference between active treatment and placebo with respect to the mean absolute improvement in the percentage of predicted FEV1 ranged from 2.6 to 4.0 percentage points (P<0.001), which corresponded to a mean relative treatment difference of 4.3 to 6.7% (P<0.001). Pooled analyses showed that the rate of pulmonary exacerbations was 30 to 39% lower in the lumacaftor-ivacaftor groups than in the placebo group; the rate of events leading to hospitalization or the use of intravenous antibiotics was lower in the lumacaftor-ivacaftor groups as well. The incidence of adverse events was generally similar in the lumacaftor-ivacaftor and placebo groups. The rate of discontinuation due to an adverse event was 4.2% among patients who received lumacaftor-ivacaftor versus 1.6% among those who received placebo.
These data show that lumacaftor in combination with ivacaftor provided a benefit for patients with cystic fibrosis homozygous for the Phe508del CFTR mutation.
Waters V, Chiang J, Sonneveld N, Kukkar R, Tullis E, Ratjen F. Prolongation of antibiotic treatment for cystic fibrosis pulmonary exacerbations. J Cyst Fibros. 2015 Nov;14(6):770-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jcf.2015.07.010. Epub 2015 Aug 9. [Epub ahead of print]. [PubMed]
Fig 34. Valerie Waters
A retrospective cohort study, using the Toronto CFDATABASE from 1997 to 2012, of CF individuals with pulmonary exacerbations requiring intravenous antibiotic treatment. A total of 538 pulmonary exacerbations in 253 patients were used for these analysis; 39% of these exacerbations fully recovered lung function at follow-up. Exacerbations were more frequently treated with >14days of antibiotics in older patients with lower FEV1 at exacerbation and higher rates of B. cepacia complex infections. Subjects with exacerbations treated for >14days had a significantly greater increase in FEV1 from day 14 to follow up compared to those with ≤14days (p<0.001). This study confirms that in the treatment of pulmonary exacerbations, maximum lung function is not achieved within 14 days in all patients, and that there is continued improvement beyond this period.
Valerie Waters (figure 34) is staff physician in the Division of Infectious Disease, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto. The focus of her research with regards to CF is the epidemiology, diagnosis and management of multi-drug resistant bacterial pathogens
Willis J, Michael DD, Boyer H, Misono S. Prevalence and Severity of Dysphonia in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis: A Pilot Study. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2015 Jul;153(1):88-93. doi: 10.1177/0194599815581832. Epub 2015 Apr 27. [PubMed]
A study to assess the prevalence and severity of dysphonia in patients with cystic fibrosis sinusitis. Cystic fibrosis sinusitis appeared to be associated with worse vocal function as measured by patient self-report as well as auditory-perceptual evaluation of voice compared with patients with non-CF sinusitis and healthy controls.
Wilcock MJ, Ruddick A, Gyi KM, Hodson ME. Renal diseases in adults with cystic fibrosis: a 40 year single centre experience. J Nephrol. 2015 Oct;28(5):585-91. doi: 10.1007/s40620-015-0179-z. Epub 2015 Feb 25. [PubMed]
In this study the authors report for the first time on the prevalence of all forms of renal disease in a cystic fibrosis population using a retrospective review of adult patients attending the Adult Cystic Fibrosis Department at the Royal Brompton Hospital.The prevalence of all renal diseases in their population was 5.1%. The most commonly identified problem was renal stones. At 2.0% the prevalence of renal stones in adult patients with cystic fibrosis was comparable to the general population. A range of other renal diseases were identified, the next most common being drug-induced acute kidney injury.
Wilder-Smith EP. Stimulated skin wrinkling as an indicator of limb sympathetic function. Clin Neurophysiol 2015; 126(1):10-6.[PubMed]
Fig 35. Einar Wilder-Smith
Skin wrinkling upon water immersion has been used as an indicator of limb nerve function for more than 80 years. Until recently, a poor understanding of the physiology and lack of standardisation have hampered routine use of the test. The process underlying stimulated skin wrinkling has been recently identified as dependent on digital vasoconstriction mediated via sympathetic nerve fibres. Vasoconstriction is postulated to drive wrinkling through loss of digit volume, which induces a negative pressure in the digit pulp and exerts a downward pull on the overlying skin and ultimately results in wrinkles. Improved test standardisation has been achieved through substituting water with EMLA for inducing skin wrinkling. This has made testing much easier and has helped implement stimulated skin wrinkling as a practical routine clinical bedside test. A literature search identified 10 studies of sufficient quality for evaluating stimulated skin wrinkling as a diagnostic test of sympathetic under or over function. Seven studies provide level 1 or 2 evidence as a diagnostic test of small fibre neuropathy and three provide level 1 or 2 evidence for cystic fibrosis. There is reasonable evidence allowing the test to be employed as a simple and effective marker for small fibre neuropathy and cystic fibrosi
Professor Einar Wilder-Smith (figure 35) is Professor and Senior Consultant Neurologist, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore. His research concerns peripheral nerve disorders.
– The first description of finger wrinkling in cystic fibrosis by Robert (Bob) Elliott in 1974 excited considerable interest as the basic defect was still totally obscure. Since then there have been a number of publications describing various aspects of the phenomenon (see Elliott RB 1974 in Seventies).
Williams SN, Nussbaum E, Chin TW, Do PC, Singh KE, Randhawa I. Diagnosis of cystic fibrosis in the kindred of an infant with CFTR-related metabolic syndrome: importance of follow-up that includes monitoring sweat chloride concentrations over time. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2014 Mar;49(3):E103-8. doi: 10.1002/ppul.22918. Epub 2013 Nov 4. [PubMed]
Newly implemented newborn screening (NBS) programs in California have resulted in a large subset of patients in whom at least two cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) mutations are identified, but subsequent sweat chloride analysis reveals normal or indeterminate values. These patients are diagnosed with CFTR-Related Metabolic Syndrome (CRMS). However, the natural progression and management of these patients are not clearly understood and frequently after the age of 1-year these patients are lost to follow-up with Cystic Fibrosis (CF) Centers. We present the first case of an infant who was referred to Miller Children’s Hospital for a NBS positive for CF and subsequent discovery of identical mutations in six of his seven older brothers. Several siblings had positive sweat chloride results on repeat testing after the age of 3 years.The authors wisely suggest the need for continued follow-up of CRMS in a CF center with diagnostic evaluation including repeat sweat chloride testing, beyond the currently recommended period.
– Such follow-up is absolutely essential and should be at a CF Center. It is very sad that many of the CRMS infants are being lost to follow-up.
Woestenenk JW, van der Ent CK, Houwen RH. Pancreatic Enzyme Replacement Therapy and Coefficient of Fat Absorption in Children and Adolescents with Cystic Fibrosis. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2015 Mar 11. [Epub ahead of print] [PubMed]
Fig 36. J W Willie Woestenenk
There are few details of the daily practice regarding PERT and the resulting coefficient of fat absorption (CFA) are known. The authors therefore recorded the PERT and CFA in a large cohort of pancreatic insufficient pediatric CF patients. 1,719 completed 3-day dietary food records, including the pancreatic enzyme intake registrations, and 1,373 CFA assessments of 224 CF patients, aged 0 – 17 years. The clinical characteristics, PERT, expressed as an intake of lipase unit (LU)/g fat/day and LU/kg/day, and the CFA were described for the group as a whole, and separately for those on enteral tube feeding. Cross-sectional relationship between the CFA and the LU/g fat/day and LU/kg/day were determined for each year of age. The authors also addressed the effect of the interventions done in patients with CFA outcomes <85%.
The LU/g fat/day was relatively stable throughout the age groups, while the LU/kg/day fell markedly with age. The median CFA in the 17 age groups varied between 86% and 91%, however, with a CFA below 85% in 325/1,373 (24%) of the measurements.No relationship was found between PERT and CFA. The patients with persistent CFA <85% had significant lower z-scores weight-for-age, and weight-for-height (p 0.01) than those with CFA ≥85%.
In this study population, no correlation between an enzyme dosage and the degree of fat malabsorption was found. However a CFA below 85% was found in 24% of the measurement
This data appears to be from Dr Woestenenk’s Thesis, University of Utrecht, “Dietary Intake and body growth in cystic fibrosis”. The findings confirm previous work in this area that many children and adolescents had an energy intake below that traditionally recommended although higher than healthy cintrols. It seems to be more prudent to advise calorie intake slightly above age specific intake with individual adjustments as necessary. There was an enormous variation in the need for pancreatic enzyme therapy with no clear correlation between the coefficient of fat absorption and pancreatic enzyme dosages. The advise to consider each patient individually is very sound and confirmed by this very interesting and extensive study (Dietary Intake and body growth in cystic firbosis. J W Woestenenk. The full version of the thesis is available on the internet)
Woestenenk JW, Broos N, Stellato RK, Arets HG, van der Ent CK, Houwen RH. Vitamin E intake, α-tocopherol levels and pulmonary function in children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis. Br J Nutr. 2015 Apr 14;113(7):1096-101. doi: 10.1017/S0007114515000215. Epub 2015 Mar 12. [PubMed]
It has been suggested that higher serum α-tocopherol levels could have protective effects on pulmonary function (PF) in patients with CF. Whether current recommendations are indeed optimal for preventing deficiency and whether vitamin E has therapeutic benefits are subjects of debate. Therefore, the authors studied vitamin E intake as well as the long-term effects of vitamin E intake in the present large sample of children and adolescents with CF.Vitamin E intake was lower than recommended, but serum α-tocopherol deficiency was rare. They found no evidence that higher serum α-tocopherol levels had protective effects on pulmonary function. Adjustment of the recommendations to the real-life intake of these patients may be considered.
Woestenenk JW; Broos N; Stellato RK; Arets HG; van der Ent CK; Houwen RH. Serum retinol levels and pulmonary function in children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros 2015; 14(3):392-7. [PubMed]It has been suggested that higher serum retinol levels could have protective effects on pulmonary function (PF) in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). However, serum retinol levels will be transiently decreased during pulmonary exacerbation. Therefore, the extent of chronic pulmonary inflammation should be included when describing the association between PF and serum retinol. The authors studied the longitudinal relation between serum retinol, immunoglobulin G (IgG) and PF in paediatric CF patients. They measured the serum retinol, IgG and forced expiratory volumes in one second (FEV1% pred.) of 228 CF patients during a seven-year follow up period. The cross-sectional and longitudinal relations between these variables were assessed.Serum retinol, with medians levels between 1.2 and 1.4 mumol/l, were relatively stable, while median serum IgG gradually increased during the age years. The FEV1% pred. was longitudinally inversely associated with serum IgG and age, but not with serum retinol. Each g/l increase in serum IgG level was associated with an accelerated yearly decline in FEV1% pred. of 0.5% (95% CI -0.8 to -0.1, p=0.008), and each year increase in age was associated with a 1.7% (95% CI -2.1 to -1.3, p=0.000) decline in FEV1% pred. This effect was not observed with respect to serum retinol levels (95% CI -1.9 to 2.2, p=0.570).
In this retrospective study the authors found no evidence that higher serum retinol levels had protective effects on pulmonary function. The well-known association between a rising IgG and declining FEV1% pred. was confirmed.
Dr. J W (Willie) Woestenenk (figure 36) is a ‘dietist’ affiliated to the University Medical Centre in Utrecht.
Wormser B. 50 Years Ago in The Journal of Pediatrics: Cor Pulmonale in Cystic Fibrosis of the Pancreas. J Pediatrics 2015; 167(5):1080. Discussing – Moss AJ, Harper WH, Dooley RR, Murray JF, Mack JF. J Pediatr 1965;67:797-807)
Moss et al published their work 19years after the medical community first recognised the phenomenon of pulmonary hypertension in patients with cystic fibrosis. This squeeze of the pulmonary vasculature had been attributed to hypoxaemia and cor pulmonale, its sequelae, had been recognised as a major cause of death for patients with cystic fibrosis.This study aimed to improve the ability to detect pulmonary hypertension and cor pulmonale for prognostic purposes. This included an evaluation of the noninvasive technology available at the time. Their study of 21 stable patients with cystic fibrosis indicated that none of the available techniques (which included electrocardiogram, vectorcardiogram, chest radiograph, and vital capacity) could reliably predict the presence of cor pulmonale. This left only cardiac catheterization, the gold standard both then and now.Over the next 50 years, our understanding of pulmonary hypertension in cystic fibrosis and other chronic pulmonary diseases has progressed, yielding an understanding of the chronic systemic inflammation and pulmonary vascular bed remodelling that occurs in these patients to create the phenomenon of pulmonary hypertension. We have created new means of examining our patients’ hearts with noninvasive techniques such as Doppler echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Our treatment goals have evolved with our diagnostic technology and today, our studies of pulmonary hypertension in cystic fibrosis reflect that shift. Current research focuses on the outcomes of patients with pulmonary hypertension following lung transplantation. Recent analyses of the United Network for Organ Sharing registry modernized our knowledge by demonstrating that patients with severe pulmonary hypertension still have lower survival rates than those with mild hypertension, but that the existence of pulmonary hypertension does not affect post-transplant survival. In the next 50years, the success of gene therapy and new medications already being tested will aim to make the discussion of pulmonary hypertension in patients with cystic fibrosis a vestige of medical history. ( Belle-van Meerkerk G., Cramer M.J., Kwakkel-van Erp J.M., Nugroho M.A., Tahri S., de Valk H.W., et al: Pulmonary hypertension is a mild comorbidity in end-stage cystic fibrosis patients. J Heart Lung Transplant 2013; 32: pp. 609-6142. Hayes D., Tobias J.D., Mansour H.M., Kirkby S., McCoy K.S., Daniels C.J., et al: Pulmonary hypertension in cystic fibrosis with advanced lung disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2014; 190: pp. 895- 905.An interesting review of the changing approach to pulmonary hypertension in people with CF.
Yan Z; Stewart ZA; Sinn PL; Olsen JC; Hu J; McCray PB Jr; Engelhardt JF. Ferret and pig models of cystic fibrosis: prospects and promise for gene therapy. Hum Gene Ther 2015; 26(1):38-4. [PubMed]
The disease phenotypes in the ferret and pig models is more reflective of human CF disease than mouse models. The ferret and pig CF models also provide unique opportunities to develop and assess the effectiveness of gene and cell therapies to treat affected organs. In this review, the authors examine the organ disease phenotypes in these new CF models and the opportunities to test gene therapies at various stages of disease progression in affected organs. They discuss the progress in developing recombinant replication-defective adenoviral, adeno-associated viral, and lentiviral vectors to target genes to the lung and pancreas in ferrets and pigs, the two most affected organs in CF. Through this review, they hope to convey the potential of these new animal models for developing CF gene and cell therapies.
Yousef S, Solomon GM, Brody A, Rowe SM, Colin AA. Improved clinical and radiographic outcomes after treatment with ivacaftor in a young adult with cystic fibrosis with the P67L CFTR mutation. Chest 2015; 147(3):e79-82. doi: 10.1378/chest.14-1198. [PubMed]
Originally approved for the G511D CFTR mutation, ivacaftor is now approved for eight additional alleles exhibiting gating defects and has also been tested in R117H, a CFTR mutation with residual function that exhibits abnormal gating.P67L is a class 4 conductance (non-gating) mutation exhibiting residual CFTR function. The authors report marked clinical improvement, normalisation of spirometry, and dramatic reduction in radiographic structural airway changes after >1 year of treatment with ivacaftor in a young adult with the compound heterozygous genotype P67L/F508del CFTR. The case suggests that ivacaftor may have a potential benefit for patients with CF with non-gating mutations.
Zemanick ET, Emerson J, Thompson V, McNamara S, Morgan W, Gibson RL, Rosenfeld M; EPIC Study Group. Clinical outcomes after initial pseudomonas acquisition in cystic fibrosis. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2015 Jan;50(1):42-8. doi: 10.1002/ppul.23036. Epub 2014 Mar 18.[PubMed]
Fig 37. Edith Zemanick
To evaluate clinical outcomes associated with initial isolation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa) in a large U.S. cystic fibrosis (CF) cohort in the current era of widespread early Pa eradication therapy.Participants were children with CF enrolled in the Early Pseudomonas Infection Control (EPIC) Observational Study who had no isolation of Pa from respiratory cultures prior to enrollment. Population-averaged regression models using generalized estimating equation methods were used to estimate the effect of Pa acquisition on endpoints including lung function, growth, pulmonary exacerbation rate, respiratory signs and symptoms, and respiratory cultures.Eight hundred thirty-eight subjects were observed for a mean 4.6 (SD 1.2) years during which 431 (51%) acquired Pa. There was no statistically significant effect of Pa acquisition on the slopes of FEV1 % predicted or growth parameters. Pulmonary exacerbation rate was statistically significantly greater after Pa acquisition (incident rate ratio 1.40, 95% CI 1.07, 1.84) as were odds of crackles or wheeze on physical exam (OR 1.23, 95% CI 1.00, 1.52). Odds of isolation of MRSA (OR 1.86, 95% CI 1.38, 2.49) and S. maltophilia (OR 2.11, 95% CI 1.49, 2.98) increased after Pa acquisition, while the odds of H. influenzae (OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.46, 0.64) decreased.In this large U.S. cohort, the authors did not detect an association between acquisition of Pa and deterioration in lung function or nutrition. Pa acquisition was associated with significantly increased pulmonary exacerbation rate and odds of crackles or wheeze. Pa infection may be the cause of these outcomes or a marker of more severe disease.Thi study was rather short term to detect significant disadvantages of acquiring Pseudomonas infection.Also presumably the infection was treated. It has been shown in the case of screened CF infants that early adverse experience may be minimised for years by adequate treatment – but significantly more treatment is required. The presence of crackles or wheeze in young CF children is alarming.See also commentary by Zemanick ET and Laguna TA. Clin Infect Dis 2015; 61(5):716-718. Where the subject is discussed and editorial is available in full.
Dr. Edith Zemanick (figure 37) is a pediatric pulmonologist in Aurora, Colorado and is affiliated with multiple hospitals in the area, including Children’s Hospital Colorado and Memorial Hospital.
Zlotogora J, Grotto I, Kaliner E, Gamzu R. The Israeli national population program of genetic carrier screening for reproductive purposes. Genet Med. 2015 Apr 16. doi: 10.1038/gim.2015.55. [Epub ahead of print] [PubMed]
Fig 38. Joel Zlotogora
The Israeli population genetic screening program for reproductive purposes, launched in January 2013, includes all known, nationally frequent severe diseases (carrier frequency 1:60 and/or disease frequency 1 in 15,000 live births). The carrier screening program is free of charge and includes testing for cystic fibrosisData on the tests performed over a 12-month period were collected from laboratories nationwide. More than 62,000 individuals were tested. The carrier frequency was within the expected range for most of the diseases. The national population genetic carrier screening is aimed toward providing couples with knowledge of the existing options for the prevention of serious genetic conditions when it is relevant for them. It is still too early to determine whether this aim has been achieved.It is encouraging that this service is now available in Israel. The take up by young people before becoming pregnant will be interesting for previous studies have shown only a modest interest amongst non-relatives and non-pregnant individuals.
Joel Zlotogora (figure 38) is Associate Professor of Human Genetics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Zuckerman JB, Clock SA, Prato BS, McDevitt JJ, Zhou JJ, Leclair LW, Lucas FL, Saiman L. Air contamination with bacteria in cystic fibrosis clinics: implications for prevention strategies. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2015 Mar 1;191(5):598-601. doi: 10.1164/rccm.201410-1877LE[PubMed]
The authors concluded air contamination with CF respiratory pathogens during clinic visits was infrequent, and use of surgical masks did not reduce contamination in examination rooms. They found that the air of spirometry rooms was more likely to be contaminated than that of exam rooms, presumably as a result of the generation of contaminated aerosols during forced expiratory manoeuvres and cough. Contamination in spirometry rooms cleared by 30 minutes and was not associated with age, signs and symptoms, air exchange rates, or specific CF pathogens.The findings provide the basis for the recommendation in the updated Infection Prevention and Control Guideline for CF to allow 30 minutes to elapse between patients with CF during performance of spirometry (unless high-efficiency particulate absolute filtration or negative pressure ventilation is used). Mask use by patients with CF is not advised in examination rooms but is recommended in common areas such as waiting rooms and clinic corridors.
Vidhu Thaker
Copyright 2012 - 2019 Cystic Fibrosis Medicine & Cystic Fibrosis Online | All Rights Reserved
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‘Pharma Bro’ Martin Shkreli Found Guilty Of Fraud
REUTERS/Brendan McDermid
Robert Donachie Capitol Hill and Health Care Reporter
August 04, 2017 3:28 PM ET
A jury convicted Martin Shkreli, former hedge fund manager and Turing Pharmaceuticals CEO, of two counts of securities fraud and one count of conspiracy to commit fraud Friday afternoon.
Shkreli was under federal investigation for eight counts of securities and wire fraud. Federal prosecutors accused the 34-year-old of actively defrauding investors in his former hedge fund and for stealing from Turing Pharmaceuticals.
The former CEO became a household name in 2016 when he raised the price of Daraprim, a drug used to treat parasitic infections, from $13.50 to $750 per tablet. Shkreli faced a congressional hearing for the matter, along with a slew of negative press coverage.
Shkreli continuously defended his drastic price increases of Darapim, and has thrown his support behind other CEOs for doing the same.
CEO Heather Bresch of Mylan, the company that makes EpiPens, raised the price of EpiPens 461 percent in under a decade, saying “Mylan is the good guy.”
Follow Robert on Twitter
Send tips to robert@dailycallernewsfoundation.org
Tags : heather bresch martin shkreli mylan
Robert Donachie
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Kylie Jenner Opens Up About Plastic Surgery And Engagement Rumors: ‘I’ll Let Everybody Know’
(Photo by Ethan Miller/Getty Images)
Katie Jerkovich Entertainment Reporter
Kylie Jenner has come clean about what plastic surgery if any she has had done and swears she would be terrified to go under the knife, “I would never.”
“People think I fully went under the knife and completely reconstructed my face, which is completely false,” the 21-year-old reality star shared with Paper magazine in a piece published Tuesday. (RELATED: Kylie Jenner Keeps Bikini Season Going With Jaw-Dropping Swimsuit Shot [PHOTOS])
A post shared by Paper Magazine (@papermagazine) on Feb 19, 2019 at 9:14am PST
“I’m terrified! I would never,” she added. “[People] don’t understand what good hair and makeup and, like, fillers, can really do.”
Jenner continued, “I mean, no. It’s fillers. I’m not denying that.” (RELATED: Kendall Jenner Goes Topless For Love Magazine Shoot [PHOTOS])
And in regards to those rumors that she and boyfriend rapper Travis Scott are engaged or will soon be, the “Keeping Up With The Kardashians” star said it hasn’t happened “yet.”
She “seems certain” Scott will propose soon. “I’ll let everybody know,” Jenner promised.
And about getting pregnant at such an early age, the reality star said it was “truly what she wanted.”
“It’s genuinely what I wanted… to be a young mom,” Jenner explained. “I thought, ‘This I what I want to do, and if people accept it or don’t accept it then I’m okay with every outcome.'”
Last year, the reality star made headlines with news that she had given birth to a little girl, Stormi Webster, following months of speculation that she was expecting.
She never confirmed the rumors and days after giving birth to her and Scott’s daughter, she shared that the reason she kept news about her pregnancy from the rest of the world was for her child’s sake.
“I’m sorry for keeping you in the dark through all the assumptions,” Jenner wrote in a message on Instagram. “I understand you’re used to me bringing you along on all my journeys. My pregnancy was one I chose not to do in front of the world.”
“I knew for myself I needed to prepare for this role of a lifetime in the most positive, stress free, and healthy way I knew how,” she added. “There was no gotcha moment, no big paid reveal I had planned. I knew my baby would feel every stress and every emotion so I chose to do it this way for my little life and our happiness. Pregnancy has been the most beautiful, empowering and life changing experience I’ve had in my entire life and I’m actually going to miss it.”
A post shared by Kylie (@kyliejenner) on Feb 4, 2018 at 12:27pm PST
Tags : kendall jenner kylie jenner travis scott
Katie Jerkovich
Follow Katie Jerkovich on Twitter
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Latest News from Cambridge and England
Merkel says minister did not follow protocol on glyphosate vote
German Chancellor Angela Merkel called out the country’s agriculture minister Tuesday for not follow..
By admin , in Health , at December 13, 2017
German Chancellor Angela Merkel called out the country’s agriculture minister Tuesday for not following government “protocol” when he decided to act alone in ordering officials to vote in favor of renewing glyphosate in the EU.
Merkel said at a press conference that although she generally agreed with Agriculture Minister Christian Schmidt’s position on the matter, the minister’s behavior “didn’t reflect the instruction that the government agreed.”
Schmidt himself admitted he made the decision on his own — and without consulting Merkel — to have officials vote in favor of renewing the controversial weedkiller’s license for five years at the EU level on Monday. Environment Minister Barbara Hendricks, who opposed the renewal, said Schmidt had acknowledged her objection in a text message ahead of the vote, meaning the German government should have abstained.
Schmidt’s decision aggravated Hendricks’ party, the Social Democrats, and the Green party, spurring calls for him to resign.
When asked whether there would be consequences for Schmidt, Merkel said his behavior “must not be repeated.”
The post Merkel says minister did not follow protocol on glyphosate vote appeared first on News Wire Now.
Late risers at increased risk of early death, study finds
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Quickie sex is fun, intense, and makes you feel super desirable—and you need to have more of it.
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Hospitals ‘failing’ on genetic bowel cancer test
More than 80% of NHS hospitals in England are failing to test bowel cancer patients for the genetic ..
Simon Harris is nothing if not precocious. The 31-year-old Irish health minister was briefly tipped ..
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Mayweather in the UFC is a cute idea.
Morning Report: Floyd Mayweather says he has multi-fight offer with UFC, can ‘make a billion dollars’:
Appearing in a live stream on Instagram captured by Fight Hype, Mayweather told his fans that he has a multi-fight offer with the UFC that would make him “a billion dollars.”
“You already know I’m a money-getting motherfucker,” Mayweather said. “I’m Money May. They just called me not too long ago and asked me to come back. I can come right back. If I want to, I can come right back to the UFC. I can go fight in the Octagon. I can do a three- or four-fight deal in the Octagon and make a billion dollars. Remember, I’m Floyd ‘Money’ Mayweather, and you motherfuckers love me, and I love you motherfuckers.”
Good luck with that, Floyd.
Floyd Mayweather / MMA / UFC
Too Much CBD Oil for Nate Diaz
Posted by Mike | 31 Aug 2017
Coach: Nate Diaz ‘needs to get paid at least $20 million’ for Conor McGregor trilogy:
Conor McGregor’s huge paycheck for his boxing match with Floyd Mayweather could mean more money for his future UFC opponents — at least that’s what Nate Diaz’s boxing coach Richard Perez is hoping for.
Diaz’s last two fights under the UFC banner were against “The Notorious” in 2016, and he made $2.6 million dollars in disclosed pay in those bouts combined. After seeing what McGregor made against Mayweather, and the potential money that could be made in a trilogy bout with McGregor in the UFC, Perez expects 10 times more.
“At least $20 million, $30 million,” Perez told Submission Radio. “Come on. UFC’s making a whole lot of money, a whole lot of money and they’re pocketing it. They’re giving more to McGregor, so it’s not fair because it takes two in that ring to draw a crowd – I mean, a good two fighters. It’s just like Mayweather when he fought Berto. It was not even sold out at all. It was embarrassing. It’s because that guy couldn’t draw a crowd. See, that’s what I’m saying, it’s the fighters that draw the crowd, and Nathan and McGregor, third one would be outstanding. Everyone knows that. So he needs to get paid at least $30 million easy.”
Nate Diaz is out of his fucking mind if he thinks he can get $20 million to fight McGregor in the UFC.
Conor pocketed a base of $30 million (over $100 million after the final numbers were tallied) for his boxing match this past Saturday with Floyd Mayweather.
McGregor and Mayweather are both businessmen and promotion machines who work to generate the inevitable buzz that builds up around their fights. They did a 4-city world promotional tour before their fight. Nate Diaz can barely form sentences.
Can Diaz fight? One hundred percent. Diaz is an incredible fighter, but when you’re asking for $20 million, you have to bring more to the table than your fighting skills and the ability to throw water bottles at your opponent.
Business, Sports
Conor McGregor / Floyd Mayweather / MMA / Nate Diaz / UFC
“Boxing is different from when I boxed. Those guys are businessmen up there.”
Mike Tyson reacts to the Mayweather-Pacquiao fight back in 2015:
It’s almost like I’m in, I wouldn’t say church, but a library. Maybe I’m just a Neanderthal. I wanted to kill the other guy. I’m a natural born killer. I want to win in dramatic fashion and hurt people. They make one guy the good guy and one guy the monster and they sell it and make a lot of money. Boxing is different from when I boxed. Those guys are businessmen up there.
He really was a killer in the ring.
Floyd Mayweather / Manny Pacquiao / Mike Tyson
Mike Chiappetta writing for MMAFighting.com:
Things returned to a normal order last night in Las Vegas. McGregor’s prediction — a knockout in less than four rounds — ticked away, unfulfilled. He didn’t finish Floyd Mayweather; he didn’t even win. The best boxer of the last 20 years got off to a slow start but eventually stopped McGregor in the 10th round when referee Richard Byrd stepped in to save the Irishman from an unanswered barrage.
The stoppage, even if McGregor mildly protested it later, was both fair and final. Yet here’s the thing: McGregor won. Not in the literal sense. In the record books, he’s now an 0-1 professional boxer. But figuratively, McGregor far surpassed the expectations of most, from his performance to his courage.
The “farce” decried by many never materialized. The “freak show” got real competitive, real quick. The MMA fighter turned novice boxer hung in with the now 50-0 superstar.
Much like his UFC loss to Nate Diaz, McGregor handled his loss to Mayweather like a professional.
I wanted McGregor to win, but I knew the chances were slim. Despite his loss, I’m not bummed because I quickly realized Conor isn’t bummed. Just look at the two posing after the fight.
It’s clear he’s unlike most MMA fighters and boxers. You could easily argue he’s more of a businessman than a boxer.
Two years ago McGregor tweeted, “Get in. Get rich. Get out.”
boxing / Conor McGregor / Floyd Mayweather
Weekly Exhaust Ep. 73 – Precision beats power, and timing beats speed.
This week Mike shares his thoughts on the upcoming boxing match between Conor McGregor and Floyd Mayweather.
Subscribe on iTunes (or listen online)
Floyd’s Submissive Body Language
I’m fascinated by all the events that have thus far led up to the Conor McGregor v. Floyd Mayweather fight happening this weekend. I’ll also say up front I’m a Conor McGregor fan. He has been discounted before most of his fights, only to prove the naysayers wrong and beat his opponents. The obvious exception to this was his first fight with Nate Diaz where he lost to a brutal rear naked choke.
I like Conor because he talks the talk in a big way, but he walks the walk too. But back to talking the talk. A lot of people like to write off the trash-talking and mind games as “just words” and “trivial”, but the truth is Conor is proving himself to be a master at getting inside his apponents’ heads and breaking them before the fight has even started.
The other night when I was binge-watching Conor McGregor videos on Youtube, as I’ve been doing for the last few months, I came across a great series breaking down the behavioral psychology and body language between Conor and Floyd Mayweather during their promotional world tour last month.
The videos are by ‘Alpaca Thesaurus’ and narrated by Courvoisier the Goddamn Newt (wtf, I know).
My favorite video thus far breaks down the Toronto leg of the tour, where Floyd displays submissive posturing at least 5 times on stage in front of Conor.
Does all the submission body language Floyd exhibits mean he’s going to lose the fight on Saturday? Absolutely not, but once you see all the ‘tells’ and unconscious gestures Courvoisier points out you can’t unsee them and they are real.
We tend to forget below all the higher cognitive functions and logic we humans are primal, tribal, and emotional animals.
Pyschology, Sports
behavioral psychology / body language / Conor McGregor / Floyd Mayweather
Alvarez on McGregor
“Conor has about three or four rounds to get this done. . . Within those four rounds, if you don’t think Conor can knock this guy out, you’re an idiot or you just don’t know fighting because it can very well happen. If he doesn’t get it done by then, then it could look very one-sided. The technical boxing of Floyd Mayweather is enough to make it look really one-sided for him. But Conor, there is a very real chance that he can put him away.”
I’ve seen countless videos of people explaining why Conor McGregor has no chance against Floyd Mayweather on August 26th, but I agree with Eddie Alvarez. Sure, the odds are against Conor winning, but there is a clear window of possibility for him to take down Floyd.
People also tend to either downplay or simply not acknowledge the role psychology has in affecting a fighter’s performance. Floyd has never had to deal with someone with as much genuine swagger and bravado as Conor.
When you break a man’s spirit, or get them acting off emotion instead of calculated thought, you’ve got ’em. I think one of the best examples of this was McGregor’s fight against Jose Aldo. Aldo came out swinging and within 13 seconds, Conor had caught him with his iron left exactly as Conor had predicted.
I can’t wait for for August 26th.
Conor McGregor / Floyd Mayweather
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Review by Kaliofthedolls Pro
The Blues Brothers 1980 ★★★★★
Rewatched Dec 01, 2020
Kaliofthedolls’s review published on Letterboxd:
Wow! This is the first time I’ve finished this movie in decades!!
In the years I’ve been on LB I’ve put this film several times but never logged it. I’ve put it on countless times before that and never finished it either. It happens when I’m drunk and texting with my bestie in Chicago, Deric, when he’s drinking too, and we get all excited to watch it together, but it’s two and a half hours long and we’ve never made it through, but that’s our tradition.
See it all started in 2008, when we found each other in kind of the craziest way possible that I’ve written about in my book and can’t really go into here, but the crux of things was we stumbled into one another literally the same weekend our lives imploded when we found out our spouses were cheating on us, and leaving us. We were both in the lowest emotional point of our lives, and we met and literally saved each other’s lives, primarily through laughter.
While I had to give a shout to Adam in my last review because he’s my Belushi-ist friend, no one makes me laugh like Deric.
My bond with Deric is on a level that I just don’t even have words for, he means the fucking world to me.
We were both like that VU song, I’m Set Free when we met up. I’ve seen my head laughing/rollin on the ground/and now/I’m set free to find a new illusion
I mean he was grinding his teeth to bits and gulping painkillers and I was shaking like a leaf full of pain when I was supposed to be sleeping, but it was all so surreal and absurd we just kept clinking beers and jumping up and down on my bed to Fugazi and leaping into pits and stumbling for hours through the wild Chicago streets at night, bar hopping nonstopping. We were at war for our souls, and we were battling it out together.
We’d met in late January, and in July once we were thick as thieves, he thought he was in love with me but I was still despondent to love and would Cher at him, Snap out of it! and one night in July we went downtown to Grant Park.
For anyone who’s not familiar with Chicago, Grant Park is the big giant park along the lake, you know the fountain in Married with Children? Right so that fountain, the Shedd Aquarium, the Alder Planetarium, the Field Museum, all right there. Also right next to Columbia College Chicago campus headquarters where I got my bachelors. Between Lake Shore Drive (LSD) and Michigan Ave.
My point is, there is no better view of the Chicago skyline than that big field where they were showing The Blues Brothers on the biggest outdoor screen in the city. Just magnificent. Like every shot you see of the whole Chicago skyline in movies is usually filmed from that vantage point. The Sears Tower, the Hancock, the Vagina Building…
There has got to be no better place on Earth to see The Blues Brothers.
We brought a huge bottle of sake and a massive pile of sushi and we laughed harder than I think I ever have. The entire crowd was cheering and singing along and dancing like it was a party the likes of which Cinespia’s never seen.
Trouble was, the clouds were grouping together out of nowhere, coming from the city side, not the lake, looming over that Chicago skyline and closing in. We didn’t care, fuck it we gobbled up our sushi and decided if it rained we were staying! It wasn’t cold, it was July, the people who were packing up and leaving were pussies! It’s just sprinkling a little it’s fine! The Blues Brothers were finally about to make it on stage after Cab Calloway got the crowd cookin, but Elwood and Jake were greasing up the brakes and that sky kept closing in. It started raining, harder and harder, but we just laughed and chugged our sake straight from the bottle and held up the plastic bag the sushi was in over our heads where we were cuddling under it, giggling like kids, and then right when Jake started singing how Everybody Needs Love the picture cut out and the announcement said they had to call it, and we were the only ones left in the whole field, everyone else had ran away, but we just kept singing in the rain. We gave up trying to stay dry and like we were in our own damn movie we screamed and sang and ran around in the rain under that beautiful Chicago Skyline like the crazy blues-loving drunks we were.
Wet like dogs, we finally ran to the train and stumbled into Rodan so soaked we figured they’d kick us out, but we made it to our favorite jazz night and had a long fun night after that that I’ll spare you…
But the joy we felt out there, Deric will always be my Blues Brother for life. Since I’ve known him I’ve watched him lose both of his actual brothers, one to AIDS and one to cancer, and I’m so glad he snapped out of it and we both hung in there, and he found his girl, because now I can be his sister forever.
May we watch this movie for decades to come.
And may we never finish it.
Kaliofthedolls liked these reviews
Reviewed by Elwood B. ★★★★★
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Kaliofthedolls’s films
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Our World Is About To Change Forever
This documentary was made by researcher and author Janet Ossebaard from the Netherlands, with the aid of countless ‘Anons’ across the world. It contains thousands of hours of research.
“I urge you to accept nothing as the truth. Please do your own research and double-check everything I present to you. That is the only way to truly wake up and become an independent thinker.”
Hand Map & Hand Types Poster
Motivational Liquid Glitter iPhone Case
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Weather Climate Oceania Australia
Climate ALBANY
Climate ALBANY July - 2013
Climate 2013 July
Latitude: -35.03 | Longitude: 117.88 | Altitude: 3
Climate data: July 2013
1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
10 - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
11 15.9 16.8 10 - 76 0 20 7 7.6 -
Monthly means and totals:
15.9 16.8 10 - 76 0 20 7 7.6 0 0 0 0
Note that the averages and monthly totals are based on available data, when in the middle some result in red, it means that no information is available full month, in this case, the mean or total is the days for which there are data.
T Average Temperature (°C)
TM Maximum temperature (°C)
Tm Minimum temperature (°C)
SLP Atmospheric pressure at sea level (hPa)
H Average relative humidity (%)
PP Total rainfall and / or snowmelt (mm)
VV Average visibility (Km)
V Average wind speed (Km/h)
VM Maximum sustained wind speed (Km/h)
VG Maximum speed of wind (Km/h)
RA Indicate if there was rain or drizzle (In the monthly average, total days it rained)
SN Snow indicator (In the monthly average, total days that snowed)
TS Indicates whether there storm (In the monthly average, Total days with thunderstorm)
FG Indicates whether there was fog (In the monthly average, Total days with fog)
Weather in Oceania
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MobiFone to launch 5G commercial pilot in HCM City next month
Telecoms service provider MobiFone is making final preparations for the launch of the commercial pilot of the fifth-generation (5G) network next month.
VNA Sunday, November 29, 2020 15:05
Thailand eyes to be region’s digital hub
Thursday, November 12, 2020 15:28
Vietnam not late in 5G: Minister
Innovation a must for SOEs: experts
Viettel, MobiFone licenced to commercially test 5G
Vietnamese tech firms export more 5G devices
Monday, October 19, 2020 09:21
MobiFone's staff install equipment preparing for the launch of the 5G commercial pilot in HCM City next month. (Photo courtesy of MobiFone)
Hanoi (VNA) – Telecoms service provider MobiFone is making final preparations for the launch of the commercial pilot of the fifth-generation (5G) network next month.
The Ministry of Information Technology and Communications allowed the carrier to launch the 5G commercial pilot in the southern largest economic hub of Ho Chi Minh City.
MobiFone has been rushing to install equipment and preparing technical, human resources and locations for the launch of 5G on the broadband of 2,600MHz with a scale of 50 sites in HCM City.
It negotiated and coordinated with leading 5G network terminal equipment providers to prepare the best conditions for customer experience.
MobiFone’s subscribers would join in the launch at central areas with a high number of visitors. It is expected that MobiFone would provide high speed internet services such as video in 4K, 8K, augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) games, artificial intelligence (AI) learning and Internet of Things (IoT) service.
The 5G commercial pilot aimed to evaluate the ability of MobiFone’s network before the official launch nationwide.
MobiFone said they had been focusing on the 5G launch but also ensure quality of their 2G/3G/4G services.
The number of 5G subscriptions could hit 6.3 million or 6 percent of total mobile subscriptions by 2025, according to a forecast from technology conglomerate Cisco.
5G is said to offer speeds 100 times faster than 4G and support new applications like remote medical procedures and autonomous driving.
Earlier, Minister of Information and Communication Nguyen Manh Hung said Vietnam aimed to roll out the 5G network more widely in 2021 through producing 5G devices with good quality and reasonable prices. Developing a 5G network would be one of the key directions on improving the capacity of digital infrastructure for national digital transformation./.
MobiFone 5G 5G commercial pilot Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam Vietnam news Vietnam News Agency Vietnamplus Related stories Ho Chi Minh City
Vietnam completes Scheme for Digitisation of Terrestrial Television
Vietnam has completed the Scheme for Digitisation of Terrestrial Television to 2020, heard a press conference held by the Ministry of Information and Communications in Hanoi on January 11.
Provinces rushing to deploy 5G
After telecoms carriers conducted commercial 5G trials in big cities like Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City, many provinces have sent recommendations to the Ministry of Information and Communications to allow the carriers to deploy 5G in their urban areas, industrial zones and key areas.
Work starts on National Innovation Centre
Construction of the National Innovation Centre (NIC) officially kicked off in Hanoi on January along with the opening of an international exhibition displaying the year’s leading innovations.
Over 89,600 mobile subscribers spreading spam calls blocked in six months
Five major mobile service providers - Viettel, VinaPhone, MobiFone, Vietnamobile, and the virtual network I-Telecom blocked more than 89,600 mobile subscribers spreading spam calls in the six last months of 2020, according to the Department of Telecom under the Ministry of Information and Communications.
Seminar shares Japan’s experience, new policies in e-Government
The Vietnamese Government Office and the Embassy of Japan in Vietnam on January 8 co-hosted an online seminar entitled “Sharing Experience and New Policies of Japan to Promote e-Government, towards Digital Government” in Hanoi.
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Vietnam wants to cooperate with Japan in developing e-government: PM
Vietnam is developing an e-government and cyber security, hence the country wants to cooperate with Japan – a reliable partner – in these fields, said Prime Minister Nguyen Xuan Phuc.
Japan’s decision opens new doors for Vietnamese “thieu” lychee
Vietnam always attaches importance to relations with Japan: Official
JICA commits help to Vietnam to reduce greenhouse emissions
Vietnam, Japan agree to further enhance political trust
PM Nguyen Xuan Phuc welcomes Japanese Foreign Minister
Prime Minister Nguyen Xuan Phuc (R) receives Japanese Minister for Internal Affairs and Communications Sanae Takaichi in Hanoi on January 9 (Photo: VNA)
Hanoi (VNA) – Vietnam is developing an e-government and cyber security, hence the country wants to cooperate with Japan – a reliable partner – in these fields, said Prime Minister Nguyen Xuan Phuc.
While receiving Japanese Minister for Internal Affairs and Communications Sanae Takaichi in Hanoi on January 9, PM Phuc said the Vietnam-Japan extensive strategic partnership is developing comprehensively while their political trust has been enhanced in many aspects.
Japan has remained an important economic partner, the biggest provider of official development assistance (ODA), the second biggest foreign investor and the fourth largest trading partner of Vietnam, he stressed.
The PM thanked Japan for its provision of ODA in almost 30 years, which, he said, has contributed remarkably to Vietnam’s socio-economic development, hunger elimination, poverty reduction and infrastructure development.
In order to boost the bilateral extensive strategic partnership in the coming time, PM Phuc proposed Japan continue to assist the Vietnamese Government in reforming and improving efficiency of the administrative apparatus, building an e-government towards a digital government, digital economy and digital society and effectively implementing state management projects on information and communications.
Takaichi said the Japanese Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications and the Vietnamese Ministry of Information and Communications have signed a cooperation agreement, opening up a new page for partnership in the fields of post, information and communications.
Japan stands ready to cooperate and share experience with Vietnam in developing cyber security and apply information technology (IT) in statistical activities, she said.
Japanese enterprises can contribute to the development of IT and take part in IT expos in Vietnam, the minister said.
The two countries should cooperate in administrative consultation and settlement of administrative procedures to protect legitimate rights of Vietnamese citizens in Japan and Japanese nationals in Vietnam, Takaichi added.
On this occasion, PM Phuc and Minister Takaichi witnessed the signing of a diplomatic note of exchange between the two governments on the provision of hardware of the government report information system by Japanese Ambassador to Vietnam Kunio Umeda and Minister, Chairman of the Vietnamese Government Office Mai Tien Dung./.
e-government cyber security Prime Minister Nguyen Xuan Phuc Japanese Minister for Internal Affairs and Communications Sanae Takaichi Vietnam-Japan extensive strategic partnership updated Vietnam news Vietnamplus Vietnam News Agency Related stories Vietnam Related stories Japan
VFF leader congratulates Laos on 11th Party Congress
President of the Vietnam Fatherland Front (VFF) Central Committee Tran Thanh Man has sent his warmest congratulations to the Central Committee of the Lao Front for National Construction (LFNC) regarding the recent success of the 11th Congress of the Lao People’s Revolutionary Party (LPRP) for the 2021-2026 tenure.
The National Election Council (NEC) on January 19 held a meeting with relevant agencies to prepare for a virtual national conference to popularise the Politburo’s directive on the implementation of the upcoming general election.
Top Vietnamese leader congratulates new President of Kyrgyzstan
Party General Secretary and State President Nguyen Phu Trong on January 19 sent a message of congratulations to Sadyr Japarov on his election as President of Kyrgyzstan.
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HOME | ABOUT US | BOOKING ENTERTAINMENT | CONCERT MANAGEMENT | EVENT PRODUCTION | PAST EVENTS | FAQ'S | NEWS | CONTACT US
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THE ENTERTAINMENT BOOKING RESOURCE
Holly Jones can be booked through this site. Holly Jones entertainment booking site. Holly Jones is available for public concerts and events. Holly Jones can be booked for private events and Holly Jones can be booked for corporate events and meetings through this Holly Jones booking page.
Unlike most middle agents that would mark up the performance or appearance fee for Holly Jones, we act as YOUR agent in securing Holly Jones at the best possible price. We go over the rider for Holly Jones and work directly with Holly Jones or the responsible agent for Holly Jones to secure the talent for your event. We become YOUR agent, representing YOU, the buyer.
In fact, in most cases we can negotiate for the acquisition of Holly Jones for international dates and newer promoters providing you meet professional requirements.
Holly Jones Biography
In the fourth grade, Holly Jones found her wings to fly, literally, when she won the part of Jane in the musical Peter Pan. The moment she landed back on stage, she knew she had to find a way to do it again; to belt out words that had touched her deeply and truly lifted her off the ground. So she did! She went on to play the part of Sandy in Grease, Dorothy in the Wizard of Oz, and into competitions where she won many awards. As well, her tour opened up for the True Love Waits Campaign in the Southeast. Although she loved theatre, and loved music of all genres, country music was her heart. No girl from Boone, NC could escape her small town without at least knowing that! The next stage she stepped on, though, was in Atlanta, GA where she was playing her guitar, writing her own material, and singing at open mic nights, coffee houses, clubs, churches, and to anyone who would listen. With her family's urging, she headed to the biggest stage of all, Nashville, THE music city. Atlanta was a great place to play and gain an audience, but Nashville is different. There is just something symbolic, almost sacred about Nashville and its musicians. It would be a whole new level for me. I was so excited about the chance to be a surrounded by the music industry. Now residing in Franklin, TN, Holly feels as if she's almost back home as a little forth grader in the mountains of N.C. flying all over again. But what she's really been doing is learning to fly her whole life. She's learned a lot about love, both finding it and losing it. But mostly, about relationships and laughter and how to fill each day with music for every emotion necessary. I choose to write and sing music that makes me vulnerable and honest. I want to move and affect people in the most powerful language I know. Everyone may not get it, but one thing I know about myself now is it's not fame that I am looking for, it's a legacy!
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CIS555 Discussion Responses
There are two discussions here that need to be responded to thoroughly. Responses must be on APA format 150+words 1-2 legitimate verifiable sources per response.
CIS555 discussion 1 post responses.
Respond to the colleagues posts regarding:
“Meta-Modeling” Please respond to the following:
• A meta-model may be used to relate goal, object, agent, operation, and behavior models. Determine whether or not a system model that represents a meta-model could be functional without all five of the views defined. Provide a rationale.
• Determine whether you would use UML class diagrams or another tool to describe meta-models. Support your position.
SP’s post states the following:
A meta-model may be used to relate goal, object, agent, operation, and behavior models. Determine whether or not a system model that represents a meta-model could be functional without all five of the views defined. Provide a rationale.
Metamodels are considered as the model that characterizes and combines conceptual abstractions in terms of which other models are defined. At the meta-level. it has the following (Lamsweerde, 2009):• meta concepts which are the agent, goal, operation, and association
• meta relationships which link the concepts which are the responsibility, performance, input, and link.
• meta attributes of meta concepts/relationships, which is the load of agent and multiplicity of link.
•meta constraints on meta concepts/relationships which are agents of performing and control of the output.
I believe that five views must be clearly defined in order to represent a meta-model. Each meta-level concept represents a particular meta-level.
Determine whether you would use UML class diagrams or another tool to describe meta-models. Support your position.
It would be my preference to use UML class diagrams to describe meta-models. Since metamodeling describes individual elements of the modeling language and the language particularly, it describes the language for many different levels. For instance, the behavior could be described as a unit of speech in visual language. The object could be considered another language and is the basic element of object-oriented programming. Since UML diagrams models objects in instances of classes, I believe it would be a good choice to use it to describe meta-models (Digital Guide IONOS, 2018).
Lamsweerde, A. (2009). Requirements Engineering: From System Goals to UML Models to Software Specifications. John Wiley and Sons, Ltd., Publication.
Digital Guide IONOS. (2009). Class Diagrams with UML. Retrieved from https://www.ionos.com/digitalguide/websites/web-development/class-diagrams-with-uml/
“Goal-Oriented Modeling” Please respond to the following:
• Suppose someone made the claim, “There is no difference between modeling the system-as-is and the system-to-be”. Provide three reasons to support or refute this claim.
• From the e-Activity, provide your opinion as to whether the extension from the article makes it easier or harder to build models compared to using plain UML. Provide a rationale.
Suppose someone made the claim, “There is no difference between modeling the system-as-is and the system-to-be”. Provide three reasons to support or refute this claim.
When I think of system-as-is, I consider it as the current system that is not meeting the current standards of the system. For instance, the system-as-is could need to keep up-to-date with a new change for a business. Secondly, the system must incorporate and define a preliminary model of business goals. The system-to-be expands the preliminary model which allows requirement engineers to build a better system that will meet the needs of the new business objectives (Lamsweerde, 2009).
From the e-Activity, provide your opinion as to whether the extension from the article makes it easier or harder to build models compared to using plain UML. Provide a rationale.
The extension from the article does make it easier to read than using plain UML. One of the things that I noticed is that it uses categories of links to define relationships. for better comprehension, sub-elements are broken down into sub-elements. Also, it is easy to connect actors to each other.
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Home/News/White House Kicks Off Effort to Develop AI Standards/Full Text
ACM TechNews
White House Kicks Off Effort to Develop AI Standards
By NextGov.com
The White House Office of Science and Technology has launched a request for information seeking insight into developing standards around artificial intelligence.
Credit: opengroup.org
The White House Office of Science and Technology has launched a request for information (RFI), seeking insight into developing standards around artificial intelligence (AI).
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) will coordinate the RFI and all AI-standards-related endeavors, as directed by a February executive order.
The order directed the NIST to issue a set of standards and tools that will guide the government in its adoption of the emerging technology.
NIST is seeking information on a range of issues, including technical standards and guidance needed to advance transparency and privacy around the trustworthiness of AI technology; the urgent need for AI standards; and the degree of federal agencies' current and required involvement to address the government's needs.
From NextGov.com
Abstracts Copyright © 2019 SmithBucklin, Washington, DC, USA
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Scaling Distorted Objects
Tip# 3101 By R.T. Rinehart On 08-Jan-2009
Categories : Tips & Tools Weekly Archive Tips
Scale distorted vertical objects back to 1, or vice-versa, using the x, y, and z options of the Insert command.
More Buttons = More Power
Layer Off in Viewports
Oh-Snap!
Setting up INSUNITS
Maximum Layers
R.T. Rinehart sent this tip for scaling distorted vertical objects back to 1, or vice-versa, using the x, y, and z options of the Insert command, which he uses with Civil 3D/AutoCAD 2008. "I use this trick a lot when I need to add or take away vertical distortion on an object. For instance, when I draw roadway typical sections details, I draw them at 1:1. However, I find that they are easier to read at 3 vertical.
"Once I have completed my detail, I make a block of it, giving it a random name. Then I just use the Insert command to bring in the block. On the Command line, I enter X, Y, or Z, and it will ask for the scale factor for that direction. For vertical distortion, I enter Y and a vertical scale. When the block is reinserted in the drawing, it will be vertically distorted by the number.
"This tip is also very handy when drawing bridge details. I will take the roadway/bridge profile typically distorted at 10 vertical and make a block of it. I insert the block in a new drawing at a y scale of 0.1, and voila! The profile is now at a 1 vertical scale, and I can begin dimensioning, etc., for the bridge detail. There are probably hundreds of other uses for it in different disciplines."
NOTES FROM CADALYST TIP PATROL: This tip is a classic. We do this same thing for the exact reasons. Sometimes details, sections, and views are difficult to understand when displayed at a scale of 1:1. Sometimes distorting them to exaggerate features to make them more visible is an appropriate drafting practice.
One variation of this method is to make the item a block and edit the y scale factor in the Properties Manager Palette instead of reinserting it, which might save a step or two. Useful tip, R.T.!
Follow-Up: Scaling Distorted Objects
Lloyd Beachy sent in SCALE_X-Y.LSP, an AutoLISP routine that automates some of the steps described above. It is set up to scale objects in either the x or the y direction, but Lloyd reports that it could be changed to include the z direction as well.
Tim Rechel sent this follow-up tip that allows the user to easily change the distorted block, which he uses in AutoCAD 2008. "Make a base file with an appropriate name. Text can be inserted here, but it must be set up to offset the subsequent distortion. Insert this base file in your plot file, distorting it as needed. That way, every time it needs to change, you can fix the base file and resave it. Then reinsert it, click Yes to Replace Current Block, and cancel the command after it starts to load."
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Home » Travel » Brexit travel: ‘Slight change’ to passenger rights hailed as ‘great news’ for Britons
Brexit travel: ‘Slight change’ to passenger rights hailed as ‘great news’ for Britons
Brexit: Expert outlines potential travel changes for UK citizens
Though there have been concerns about the loss of passenger airline rights under EU law after Brexit, it seems Britons will be protected moving forward. When the UK departs the EU on December 31, travellers will maintain their current rights in the event of refunds and delays.
However, a new “change” to the passenger rights process is being hailed as “great news” by one legal expert.
Britons are currently protected under EU Regulation 261/2004 in the event of flight disruption which could see them facing long delays.
According to the regulation, holidaymakers can receive up to €600 (£543) in compensation depending on how long their delay was, and how far they were due to travel.
Amid the threat of a “no-deal” Brexit, there were some concerns this protection would be lost.
Luckily, it has been confirmed the regulation is now enshrined in UK law.
The only difference will be the way in which British travellers are paid.
Coby Benson, Solicitor at Bott and Co explained: “We now know that flight passengers’ rights will continue as they currently are, under UK law.
“The only difference is that people claiming compensation for delayed or cancelled flights will now be paid in pound sterling rather than euros as outlined below.
Brexit travel: January holidaymakers should update passports now [WARNING]
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“This is great news for British travellers as they can rest assured knowing that they are protected if they face flight disruption which is not out of the ordinary post-Brexit.”
This slight amendment to the way in which Britons are paid will mean they do not have to battle with unfavourable exchange rates.
“While we do sympathise with airlines, with the travel industry being one of the worst-hit as a result of COVID-19, it’s great to see more flights take to the skies again,” continued Mr Benson.
“And as people are planning and looking forward to holidays in 2021, it is good for people to have the same level of protection as they did before once the UK leaves the EU.”
The legislation protects passengers who suffer delayed or cancelled flights, overbooking or are denied boarding.
It also acts as an encouragement for airlines to operate punctually.
Depending on the circumstances, and subject t certain conditions, passengers may be able to claim financial compensation.
The legislation also provides assistance and access to basic services, such as a meal, in the event flights are cancelled or delayed for long periods of time.
However, it is important to note not all disruptions are entitled to compensation.
Currently, travellers are entitled to compensation if their flight arrived at its destination three or more hours late.
In the event of a cancellation, they can claim compensation is a passenger if notified less than1 4 days prior to departure.
If an airline has overbooked the flight, or if a passenger has missed their connection resulting in a lost journey, they are also entitled to claim.
The amount they receive, however, depends upon the distance the plane journey was due to travel.
For short distance flight delays, classified as anything less than 1,500km, passengers are due €250 (£226) compensation.
In the case of medium distance flight delays, classed as anything between 1,500km and 3,500km, passengers are entitled to €400 (£362) compensation.
Long distance flight delays, classed as anything over 3,500km, will allow passengers to claim €600 (£543) compensation.
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« American Airlines offers $129 at-home COVID test kit for passengers
United launches virtual, on-demand customer service at the airport »
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+ 389 (0) 2 314 5258
info@fitr.mk
SUPPORT PROGRAM THROUGH PILLAR 3 (THREE) FROM THE GOVERNMENT PLAN OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF NORTHERN MACEDONIA
SUPPORT PROGRAM THROUGH "SKILL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT AND INNOVATION SUPPORT" FINANCED BY LOAN FROM THE WORLD BANK
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ПРОГРАМА ЗА ПОДДРШКА ПРЕКУ „ПРОЕКТОТ ЗА РАЗВОЈ НА ВЕШТИНИ И ПОДДРШКА НА ИНОВАЦИИ“ ФИНАНСИРАН ПРЕКУ ЗАЕМ ОД СВЕТСКАТА БАНКА
Кофинансирани грантови и условени заеми за комерцијализација на иновации
Supported calls
Deputy Prime Minister Bytyqi and Director Despotovski: We support 87 companies to implement projects for faster dealing with Covid 19 with a total value of about 3 million EUR
A total of 87 companies, which plan to implement projects worth about 3 million EUR, have been selected in the final selection from the call for co-financed grants for rapid adaptation of Covid -19, said today at a press conference in the Government, Deputy Prime Minister responsible for economic affairs and coordination with the economic sectors and investments, Fatmir Bytyqi and the director of the Fund for Innovation and Technology Development Jovan Despotovski. This instrument is part of the third set of measures adopted by the Government to support the citizens and the economy, and for easier overcoming of the socio-economic crisis caused by the coronavirus Covid 19.
Deputy Prime Minister Bytyqi referred to the implementation of all measures so far, pointing out that in creating the previous three packages, they were guided by the principle of social justice and solidarity, and they will continue in this direction with the fourth set, creating policies and measures that leave nobody alone. At a time when an immediate reaction is required, the Government of the Republic of North Macedonia created three sets of measures, for the implementation of which about 550 million EUR or 5.5% of GDP were reserved, measures that were timely and offer comprehensive support to the economy and citizens in dealing with the crisis.
"With the interest-free credit line COVID-1, through the Development Bank, we injected fresh funds of 5 million EUR into the economy for 737 companies, which employ 6,509 people, from the most affected sectors: tourism, hospitality and passenger transport. The Development Bank also placed a credit line COVID - 2 in the amount of 8 million EUR, which was intended for all activities. Through this credit line, a total of 639 credit applications were approved by domestic companies that employ 11,325 people. Companies from these sectors, as well as all others that recorded losses, used the support to pay the minimum wage of 14,500 MKD per employee, and in the three most critical months, April /May/ June, in average about 20,000 companies with about 120,000 employees were supported." , stressed Bytyqi.
The Deputy Prime Minister added that in addition to measures with direct financial aid, other types of aid were implemented, in the form of reduced interest rates on loans, deferred payment of installments on loans and taxes from companies to the state. Citizens have been and remain the focus of the Government support.
"As part of the third set of measures were the payment cards for unemployed people, low-income people and students, as well as tourism vouchers, which directly affected the increase of private consumption and assistance and revitalization of the most affected sectors – hospitality and tourism. A total of 309,000 cards worth 26.8 million EUR were made and taken. In addition, 117,000 citizens received tourism vouchers totaling around 12 million EUR in order to support domestic tourism.” said the Deputy Prime Minister.
The measures of the third package are still being implemented and their goal is to keep the jobs of the citizens, to provide additional development, to help the companies to return to the paths of growth and expansion of their capacities. Through the Instrument for co-financed grants for rapid adaptation of Covid-19, financial support was provided for technological development of enterprises and private health institutions to overcome the consequences of COVID-19, in order for the companies affected by the current situation to introduce new methods and technologies in their operations, as well as measures to protect the health of employees and customers, so that they can maintain a satisfactory level of productivity, generate revenue through new sales channels, introduce new products or services.
"Through this model, FITD provides support up to 70% of the total project budget, but not more than 3,000,000 MKD. The total number of companies that applied for the call is 171, and approved project proposals, after the final selection are 87. The amount of investment cycle for the implementation of all these 87 projects is approximately 3 million EUR, of which the funds requested from FITD are in the amount of 1.7 million EUR, and the funds from own co-financing are 1.3 million EUR," said Deputy Prime Minister Bytyqi.
The director of FITD, Jovan Despotovski, who presented the results of the final selection, said that the Fund successfully implemented this measure from the third set of economic measures by the government.
"With it, we directly targeted the healthy core of the economy that is ready to invest in adjustment and development even in times of crisis, and thus in a faster transition from the survival phase to the recovery phase. This shows that companies do not run for free funds, but have the faith, intention and capacity to invest their own funds in the process of economic recovery," Despotovski said.
He added that this list of companies could be increased because at the request of the Fund, the Committee for Approval of investments has already submitted an opinion to the companies from the final phase, which are not on this list, on which they can comment, and thus they will receive the opportunity to be reconsidered, after which the final decision on funding will be made.
"Within these 87 companies, we support 1296 of our fellow citizens and their families, but I expect this number to increase by about 30% after the completion of the public call. Every individual and every job is important to us. With these measures, as a government, we have shown that we can be a real partner by meeting the needs of the business sector, but not only in protecting the business but also protecting the employees and the jobs in the companies," said Despotovski.
According to Despotovski, it is an encouraging fact that by introducing additional criteria for additional scoring of companies with women in the management or ownership structure and companies coming from less developed regions the participation of such companies in the first cycle has been stimulated. More than half, i.e. 52% of these companies are run by women, and the number of companies based in less developed regions has increased. Compared to the previous calls, an increase was registered in the eastern (13%) southeastern (11%), Vardar (8%) and Polog region (3%).
Despotovski announced that a second investment cycle with changed criteria is already being prepared, which will be submitted to the Government next week as a proposal.
"Based on the analysis and consultations with the private sector and the data we received from research conducted among domestic companies, it helped us change this measure. A new rulebook has already been prepared, which envisages opening an opportunity for financing of large companies, as well as increasing the amount of financial support up to 20,000,000 MKD. It is also proposed to change the percentage of return on funds from 15% to 7.5% and to change the repayment period from 3 to 5 years. "I believe that with these changes, many of those 2,100 companies that have shown interest in the instrument will be encouraged and will enter a new investment cycle that will move from a survival phase to a recovery phase," said Despotovski.
Otherwise, out of the 87 companies that will be financed in the first cycle, 66 companies, i.e. 76% apply in the Fund for the first time, 15% for the second or more times without previously received support, while only 9% are previous beneficiaries of funds.
The investment plans of these companies refer to introducing new technologies in working in conditions of pandemic. Most of them are from the health sphere 21%, sale and trade (14%), IT (10%), but also categories such as mechanical engineering, creative industry, hospitality and textile industry. According to the analyses most of them are small (53) and micro (29) companies, as well as 6 middle-sized companies. These companies employ around 1296 persons and are expected to implement their investments in the following 12 months.
The decision on financing has been made by the Committee for Approval of investments, composed of five foreign experts on the base of previously announced criteria: technological progress and degree of digitalization in processes, development of a new or significantly improved product, service or work process of the applicant, then project quality, capacity of the project team and impact.
Total of 166 companies applied at the call which was opened from 29.05 to 03.07.2020 and over 2100 took application packets.
You can see the presentation of the results on the following link.
Maкедонската компанија Innovation создаде иновативен уред за мерење шеќер во крвта без боцкање
Целосно невистинити наводите дека за видео интервјуа се користеле државни пари од ФИТР
#FITDCLASSROOM: Bold moves and flexibility in operation can make the next 2021 better for startup companies
Established Startup Council to create a strategy for rapid development of the startup ecosystem
FITD CLASSROOM: How to become an attractive employer?
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Folklorama / Featured / From One Generation to the Next: Nicolas Matsuo’s Volunteer Journey
From One Generation to the Next: Nicolas Matsuo’s Volunteer Journey
September 29, 2020 Featured, Headlines, Social, Volunteer
Since a very young age, the Japanese community has been central to Nicolas Matsuo’s life. Matsuo’s grandparents taught him the importance of engaging with his heritage, which lead him to participating in events put on by Manitoba Japanese Canadian Cultural Association (now the Japanese Cultural Association of Manitoba) – an organization that his family worked hard to support and were founding members of.
“I seem to have inherited a sense of obligation and responsibility from my grandfather to continually be involved and bring all my best qualities forward for the benefit of the greater community,” states Matsuo.
All of the community activities that he was exposed to in his formative years lead Matsuo to holding a handful of roles in the operation of the Japanese Pavilion, the capstone event of the year for the Japanese community. He fondly recalls nearly everyone in the local community coming together to participate in Folklorama year after year. In some cases, individuals even flew in from across the country to give countless hours of their time to make the pavilion memorable. One of his favourite Folklorama memories was his first time attending the festival at Sisler High School.
“My earliest memories of Folklorama are with that of my Grandfather working in our ‘tea and coffee’ station at Sisler High School…” states Matsuo “I remember marveling over the number of guests we had and the very large cultural displays. However, I think the greatest reason I share this memory was that it was the point in which I remember really feeling a sense of purpose while volunteering.”
After years of volunteering at the Japanese Pavilion and other events put on by the Japanese Cultural Association of Manitoba, Matsuo assumed the role of Junior Pavilion Coordinator before taking on his current role as Pavilion Co-Coordinator.
“I bring this positive and determined attitude to my Folklorama activities, being why I sought such a large and difficult role,” states Matsuo “I see being one of the coordinators as a metric for the amount of work I am willing to put forward to keep the importance of my community at the forefront of my mind and to live up to those around me who have helped to create such an important organization.”
While there are a myriad of tips on how to be a successful Pavilion Coordinator, Matsuo believes open communication with the volunteer community is the most important aspect of any pavilion.
“Your volunteers are the life-blood of your success and if you are not taking into consideration their thoughts and concerns, you are leaving yourself open to great mistakes.”
Interested in joining a network of over 20,000 volunteers? Visit our website to find out how you can become a volunteer today.
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Phone: (204) 982-6210 | Fax: (204) 943-1956 | Email: info@folklorama.ca
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Текст книги
In to the Yukon
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William Seymour Edwards
These letters were not written for publication originally. They were written for the home circle and the few friends who might care to read them. They are the brief narrative of daily journeyings and experiences during a very delightful two months of travel into the far north and along the Pacific slope of our continent. Some of the letters were afterwards published in the daily press. They are now put into this little book and a few of the Kodak snapshots taken are given in half-tone prints.
We were greeted with much friendliness along the way and were the recipients of many courtesies. None showed us greater attention than the able and considerate officials of the Pacific Coast S. S. Co., the Alaska S. S. Co. and the White Pass and Yukon Railway Co., including Mr. Kekewich, managing Director of the London Board, and Mr. Newell, Vice-President of the Company.
At Atlin and Dawson we met and made many friends, and we would here reiterate to them, one and all, our warm appreciation of their hospitalities.
William Seymour Edwards.
Charleston-Kanawha, West Virginia,
August, 1904.
THE GREAT LAKES, CLEVELAND TO DETROIT
Steamer Northwest, on Lake Superior,
August 11, 1903.
We reached Cleveland just in time to catch the big liner, which cast off her cables almost as soon as we were aboard. A vessel of 5,000 tons, a regular sea ship. The boat was packed with well-dressed people, out for a vacation trip, most of them. By and by we began to pass islands, and about 2 P. M. turned into a broad channel between sedgy banks – the Detroit River. Many craft we passed and more overtook, for we were the fastest thing on the lakes as well as the biggest.
Toward 3 P. M., the tall chimneys of the huge salt works and the church spires of the city of Detroit began to come into view. A superb water front, several miles long, and great warehouses and substantial buildings of brick and stone, fit for a vast commerce.
The sail up the Detroit River, through Lake St. Clair, and then up the St. Clair River to Lake Huron, was as lovely a water trip as any I have made. The superb park “Belle Isle,” the pride of Detroit; the many, very many, villas and cottages all along the water-side, hundreds of them; everywhere boats, skiffs, launches, naphtha and steam, all filled with Sunday pleasure excursionists, the many great pleasure excursion steamers loaded down with passengers, gave a life and liveliness to the water views that astonished and pleased us.
The Lake St. Clair is about twenty miles across, apparently broader than it is, for the reason that its sedgy margins are so wide that the trees and higher land further back seem the real border of the lake. What is called the “St. Clair Flats” are the wide, low-lying lands on each side of the long reaches of the St. Clair River. Twenty miles of cottages, hotels, club-houses, are strung along the water-side, each with its little pier and its boats.
Towards dark – eight o’clock – we came to Sarnia and Port Huron, and pointed out into the great lake, second in depth to Superior – larger than any but Superior – a bit of geography I had quite forgotten.
At dawn on Monday, we were skirting the high-wooded southern shore, and by 11 A. M. sighted the fir-clad heights of Mackinac where Lake Michigan comes in. Here is a beautiful protected bay, where is a big hotel, and the good people of Chicago come to forget the summer heats. After half an hour, we turned again and toward the north, in a half circle, and by 4 P. M. were amidst islands and in a narrow channel, the St. Mary’s River.
Huron is a deep blue like Superior, and unlike the green of shallow Erie. The channel toward the Soo is very tortuous – many windings and sharp turns, marked by buoys and multitudinous beacon lights. All along we had passed great numbers of steamships and barges – ore carriers, but nowhere saw a large sailing craft, only a sail boat here and there. This entire extensive traffic is a steam traffic, and though we see many boats, they are black and sombre, and burdened with coal and ore.
It was late, nearly seven o’clock, when we steamed slowly into the lock basin at the Soo. High fir-clad hills on either hand; a multitude of channels among wooded islands. A new and vigorous manufacturing community growing up on either shore where the electric power is being harnessed. Many buildings, many new residences, some of them large and imposing, covering the sloping hillsides. The rapids are a mile or more in length and half a mile wide. The American canal with its locks is on the south side. One, the old lock, small; the other, large and deep for modern traffic. We were here delayed more than two hours by reason of the pack of boats ahead of us. It was dark when we came out of the lock – a lift of twenty-one feet. But meantime, the hills on either hand had burst out into hundreds of electric lights, betokening a much greater population than I had conceived. As we entered the American lock, a big black ship, almost as large as ours, crept in behind us to the Canadian lock on the river’s further side – one of the Canadian Pacific line going to Fort William.
It was a full moon as we came out of the upper river and lost ourselves in the blackness of Lake Superior. A keen, crisp wind, a heavier swell than on the lakes below. We were continually passing innumerable craft with their dancing night lights. The tonnage that now goes through the Soo canals is greater than that of Suez. How little could the world have dreamed of this a few years ago!
To-day when I came on deck we were just entering the ship canal that makes the short cut by way of Houghton. A cold mist and rain, fir-trees and birches, small and stunted, a cold land. A country smacking strongly of Norway. No wonder the Scandinavians and Finns take to a land so like their own.
At Houghton we were in the center of the copper region. A vigorous town, many handsome residences. But it has been cold all day. Mercury 56 degrees this morning. A sharp wind from the north. The bulk of the passengers are summer tourists in thin gauze and light clothing, and all day they are shivering in the cabin under cover, while we stay warm out on deck.
The food is excellent, and the famous planked white fish is our stand-by.
This whole trip is a great surprise to me. The splendid great ship, the conveniences and luxury equalling any trans-Atlantic liner. The variety and beauty of the scenery, the differences in the lakes, their magnitude, the islands, the tributary rivers with their great flow of clear water, the vast traffic of multitudinous big boats. The life and vigor and stir of this north country! Many of the passengers are going to the Yellowstone. We will reach Duluth about 10 P. M., and leave by the 11:10 Great Northern train for St. Paul.
SECOND LETTER
ST. PAUL, WINNIPEG AND BANFF; THE WHEAT LANDS OF THE FAR NORTHWEST
St. Paul, Minnesota, August 13, 1903.
We have spent two delightful days in St. Paul, great city of the Northwest that it is. We came over from West Superior by the “Great Northern” route, very comfortably in a new and fresh-kept sleeper – a night’s ride. I was early awake and sat for an hour watching the wide flat farming country of Minnesota. Not much timber, never a cornfield, much wheat and oats and hay land. A black, rich soil. Still a good deal of roll to the landscape, and, at the same time, a certain premonition of the greater, more boundless flatness of the land yet further west. And a land, as well, of many picturesque little lakes and pools. I now the more perfectly comprehend why the Indian word “Minne,” water, comes in so often among the names and titles of Minne-sota.
The farm houses and farm buildings we pass are large and well built, and here and there I see a building which might be along the Baegna Valley or the Telemarken Fjords of Norway, it is so evidently Norse. There are, as yet, but few people at the way-stations. We are a through flyer, and the earlier commuters are not yet astir.
About the houses and barns, also, I notice a certain snugness, indicative of winters that are cold.
Now, we are nearing the city, there are more men at the way-stations. It is evident that the early morning local will follow us close behind.
We came into the big Union Depot on time. The air was crisp and dry. There was much bustle and ado. These people move with an alert vigor, their cheeks are rosy, their eyes are snappy, and I like the swing of their shoulders as they step briskly along the streets. Mankind migrates along earth’s parallels of latitude, so ’tis said – and Minnesota and the great Northwest is but another New England and New York. Vermont and New Hampshire, Massachusetts and New York have sent her their ablest sons and daughters, while Ontario and Quebec and the Maritime Provinces have contributed to her population of their force and power. Upon and among this matrix of superior American and Canadian stock, has also been superimposed many thousands of the more energetic and vigorous men, women and children of Europe’s ancient warlike breeds – the viking Northmen of Norway and Sweden and of Denmark, of all Scandinavia. A still great race in their fatherlands, a splendid reinforcement to the virtues of Puritan and Knickerbocker; while there have also come cross currents from Virginia and the South. The type you see on the streets is American, but among it, and with it, is prominently evident the Norse blue eyes and yellow hair of Scandinavia.
St. Paul is surely a great city, great in her present, great in her future. St. Paul is builded on several hills, out along which are avenues and boulevards and rows of sumptuous private residences, while down in the valleys are gathered the more part of the big, modern business blocks and store houses and manufacturing establishments, where are centered the energies which direct her industries and commerce. St. Paul is a rich city, a solid city. The wild boom days of fifteen and twenty years ago are quite gone by, the bubble period has been safely weathered, she is now settled down to conservative although keen and active business and trade. She supplies all of that immense region lying west and north of her, even into the now unfolding Canadian Far Northwest. The continent is hers, even to the Pacific and the Arctic Seas. Minnesota and the Dakotas and Montana have already poured their wealth of grains and of ores, of wheat and of oats, of rye and of barley, of iron and of copper, of silver and of gold, into her capacious lap, and now Manitoba and Alberta and Assiniboia and Saskatchewan and Athabaska, and all the unfolding regions between the Hudson Bay and the Rocky Mountains, the fertile valleys of the Saskatchewan and Peace Rivers, are to contribute even yet more lavishly to her future commercial predominance as unrivalled mistress of the North. She and Minneapolis will have this trade. She and her twin sister city are entitled to it. And if I mistake not the spirit of the men I have talked with upon her streets, in her shops and banks and clubs, she and Minneapolis will secure of it their full and certain share.
Here in the splendid stores of St. Paul we have made the last few purchases of the things we shall need for our going into the distant Yukon. H. has bought a perfectly fitting sweater – a garment that we searched for and ransacked through the town of Antwerp, in Belgium, two years ago, and could not find, while I have laid in some woolen garments, so fit and warm that they make one hanker for an Arctic blizzard just for the joy of trying them on.
And we have been feted and wined and dined as only mortals may be, who have fallen among long-time and well-tried friends. A sumptuous lunch has been given us at the Merchants’ Club, where old chums and classmates of my Cornell College days did make me almost believe that it was but yesterday that we went forth from our Alma Mater’s Halls.
Later in the day we have taken one of the many suburban trains and journeyed down ten miles to the summer country home of another old-time friend, along the shores of White Bear Lake, and all the afternoon have enjoyed a sail in the crack yacht of the fleet that parades these waters. A new design of boat. Conceived and perfected in St. Paul, and which has this summer carried havoc and defeat to every competing yacht club of all the wide country of the western and northern lakes, and even caused perturbation among the proud salt-water skippers of the east. I send you a snap-shot of the prize yacht as she lies floating at her little pier.
And when we came back and landed from our voyage, we found assembled an even greater company than we had yet met, to again give us welcome without stint. We gathered in the commodious dining-hall of our host, a delightful company, these men who once with me were boys, and their cultivated wives! Long and late we sat, and old college songs we sang, until the eastern sky was already lightening with the approach of dawn. Many of us had not met for nigh twenty years, when we had parted to go forth to fight life’s battles and to win or lose.
Then, in the second afternoon, yet other friends, of yet later knowing, have taken us in hand and have trollied and driven us to see St. Paul’s twin sister, Minneapolis. With her monstrous flouring mills along the Mississippi, she is become the wheat milling center of the world, but she has never succeeded in rivalling St. Paul in the reach and volume of her jobbing trade. Once bitter enemies, rivals for the supremacy of the trade and commerce of the Northwest, their borders have now met, their streets have coalesced, and it will not be many years before the two will have fused and melted into one, even as Canada will one day inevitably become knitted and commingled with the great Republic, for there is room for but one nationality, one English-speaking nationality upon the northern continent of the western world.
In the long gloaming of the waning eventide we were driven in an easy victoria behind a pair of spanking bays and threaded our way among and along the lawns and lakes and avenues of the twin cities’ splendid parks. The deciduous trees do not here grow as large as with us further to the south. The conifers, the pines and firs, are here necessarily more frequently employed by the landscape artist to perfect his plans, but the flowers seemed just as big, just as fine in coloring and in wealth of leaf.
The day was ended with another elaborately served dinner, with other intelligent and cultivated friends, and then, before the night quite fully fell, we were driven to the big station which first we had entered, and were bidden a hearty farewell. We have boarded the sleeper for Winnipeg. A white porter now makes up our berths, and tells us we shall travel in his company some sixteen hours, so long is now the journey to Canada’s nearest city in the north.
Winnipeg, August 14, 1908.
We left St. Paul in the Winnipeg sleeper on the Great Northern Railroad at 8:06 P. M. When we awoke this morning we were flying through the wheatfields of North Dakota, passing Grand Forks at about 9 A. M., and reaching Neche, on the Canadian border, at eleven, and arriving at Winnipeg at 1:40 P. M., a longer journey to the north – 440 miles – than I had realized. It was my first sight of a prairie – that vast stretch of wheat country reaching 1,000 miles west of St. Paul, and as far to the north of it. In the States it was wheat as far as the eye could reach in all directions – ripening wheat, waving in the keen wind like a golden sea, or cut and stacked wheat in innumerable piles, in countless shocks. A few miles north of the boundary the wheat land gradually changed to meadow and grass land, with many red cattle. Huge hay stacks here and there – the country flat.
Winnipeg holds about 60,000 people, they tell me. Wooden houses mostly, but some fine modern ones of stone and brick. Hundreds of new houses built and houses a-building. Fine electric tramway system, on which we have been riding all the afternoon. Many paved streets, some wood-paved, but mostly the native black earth of all this northland. A vigorous, hustling town, with now a big boom on, owing to the rapid development of the far north wheat lands – “the Chicago of the far Northwest,” they call it. We go on to-night by 6 P. M. train, and should reach Banff in two nights and a day. There we rest a day.
Banff Springs Hotel, Banff, Canada,
We had intended leaving Winnipeg by the through train called the “Imperial Limited,” which crosses the continent three times a week each way, but to do so we should have had to lie over in Winnipeg a full day and a half longer, and we had already seen the shell of the town in our first afternoon, so we mended our plans, paid our modest dinner bill of fifty cents each at the Clarendon Hotel, and took the ordinary daily through Pacific express which, leaving Winnipeg at 6 P. M., would yet bring us to Banff, even though it would take a half day longer in doing it, earlier than the Imperial Limited train. A good many people seemed to be of our mind, and so the railway people attached an extra sleeper to the already crowded train. We were fixed in this. A sumptuous car, finished in curled maple and brass, longer, wider, higher than even the large cars run on the N. Y. C. & H. R. R., that traverse no tunnels. These Canadian Pacific Railway cars are built by the railway company, owned and run by it. No “Pullman conductor;” the porter, be he white or black, runs the car and handles the tickets and the cash.
The company were mostly Canadians, going out to Regina, Calgary, Edmonton, etc., large towns toward which Winnipeg bears the same relation as does Cincinnati to our country (West Virginia), and many Australians en route to take ship at Vancouver.
For a long distance the track seemed to be perfectly straight, and miles and miles west of Winnipeg, the city still peeped far distant between the rails. We rose a little, too, just a little, but steadily, constantly. And on either hand and before and behind spread out the wonderful flatness of the earth. The real prairie now. Not even a tree, not a bush, not a hill, just as smooth as a floor, like an even sea, as far as the eye could reach and out beyond.
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First up, I do opine on occasion beyond the wondrous world of financial market infrastructure (Yes it is a wonder I have the time) and tomorrow my personal “IPO” newsletter will have its first issue of the year). It’s broad brush stuff – email me if you want to be added to the list and, like Exchange Invest, it’s free.
Meanwhile back in the exchange universe: profound thanks today to Dr Jochen Biedermann, formerly of DB who is now offering his splendid services via the offices of the International Securities Consultancy. Noting it’s the 9th anniversary of DV Advisors coming into being, he commented on Linkedin this morning:
“We cannot imagine our industry anymore without your daily newsletter, Patrick!”
Thanks and good luck Jochen from myself, Florin and all the team for your kind words!
Today in a fascinating Exchange Invest (Issue 167), Euronext shuffles its management pack (at the bidding of the French government?), Indian Bond Futures approved, Trade Reporting deadlines causing stress, FTIL bid looming? BIST suffers unknown outage, CFTC moves goalposts on SEFs, Jignesh Shah 40 million dollars richer after first full week of 2014…
…Actually, I will stop there, today is one of those “you just have to scroll all the way” days – happy reading!
Euronext Names CEO Of Paris Exchange Amid French Scrutiny Of IPO
Euronext named Anthony Attia (former chief of staff to CEO Dominique Cerutti) as Paris Bourse CEO while the French government seeks to ensure its interests are protected in the company’s spin-off from ICE.
Euronext also named Lee Hodgkinson as head of its markets and global sales teams and said he will ultimately become CEO of Euronext London. Amaury Dauge was appointed CFO.
ICE is jettisoning Euronext after acquiring it through the purchase of NYSE Euronext in November, with plans to sell as much as 30 percent before an IPO, according to three people familiar with the matter.
As Euronext moves toward an IPO, the French and Dutch regulators who oversee the exchange have some differing views on its future, with both sides seeking to protect national interests, the people said.
PLY opinion on January 7th.
NYSE Euronext press release here.
PLY: French attention may be centred on gossip about Julie Gayet and ‘M. Flanby’ but the sound of deckchair shuffling is alive and well on board MV Titanic Bourse as the French government refuse to believe the business is unsinkable. Well it has four key chambers which surely cannot be breached simultaneously, right?
Lest anybody doubts the French power grab, the press release trumpets Attia’s appointment: “thereby strengthening the role of the Paris stock exchange.” Holland is a proud free trading nation, Belgium has had its stock market hollowed out – quite why everybody is so keen to let the French bureaucracy run rampant in destroying shareholder value and lowering the survival chances of Euronext, beggars belief. BATS, DB, TOMS and all other competitors must barely be able to believe their luck. The lure of a dramatic management turnaround now seems over thanks to the French machinations to preclude capitalism breaking out at the Bourse. The current situation looks likely to result in stasis, decay and the death of Euronext, perhaps before ICE can even offload all their stake…
Traders Struggle To Meet European Reporting Deadline (subscription)
Fund managers, banks, investors and corporations trading in Europe are struggling to meet a deadline in five weeks’ time for mandatory reporting of all their trades to regulators.
Industry estimates suggest about 1m legal entities that operate in the region will after February 12 have to report trade data from across all their asset classes.
PLY: I think it is fair to say there is a struggle out there but then again the industry deserves a pat on the back for making incredible progress, often when there was no real regulatory clarity (still isn’t in many places as the inestimably knowledgeable Danny Corrigan of CME wisely notes). A huge number of counterparties will be ready. That is a tribute to them and the various TRs in service. Still there will be stress and some likely will not make the Feb 12 deadline.
Bulgarian SE Affected By Political Turmoil
PLY: Chairman Vasil Simov discussed how 2013 had been a year of challenge for BSE which is still on a privatisation ramp, alongside the national central depositary, at the launch of the company’s annual report.
Alcoa Chief Says No Plans For Legal Action Against LME
Alcoa Inc has no plans to follow Russian aluminum producer Rusal and launch legal action against LME aimed at overturning reforms to its warehousing policy.
SGX Partners e2i To Draw More To Stockbroking
SGX is partnering NTUC’s e2i (Employment and Employability Institute) to draw more Singaporeans to the stockbroking profession and equip new joiners with the necessary skills.
PLY: Good to see SGX encouraging more people to join the thriving Singaporean financial hub.
Borsa Istanbul Shut Down Due To Technical Problem
Hurriyet Daily News
An unexplained technological problem shut down trading at Turkey’s stock exchange Borsa Istanbul one and a half hours earlier than regular closing time yesterday.
Second Session on the Equity Market Started at 15:30 according to the exchange’s announcement.
PLY: Curiously BIST removed the release linked to in the last sentence which stated the Second Session had begun (we kept the link for posterity – it used to work, honest)… It’s hardly a scandal in keeping with the recent shenanigans in Turkey’s government but there is a hint of irony that the notice used to sit just above the NASDAQ OMX tech (et al) tie-up announcement… BIST clearly needs to have a better means of dealing with errors and keeping the market informed of such problems as even routine incompetence with announcements may lead to unfounded rumours of cover up. We look forward to a full detail of what went wrong from BIST to clear the air in due course.
Korea Exchange Considers Longer Hours While Mulling Acquisitions
KRX plans to extend trading hours after the official close and may lengthen its six-hour regular trading day within five years to boost liquidity in the $1.2 trillion market, according to its first development plan since Choi Kyung Soo took over as chairman in October.
The bourse will consider acquiring foreign ATSs and exchanges over the next three years.
PLY: Having visited KRX in Seoul a while back, it is a fascinating business at the heart of the incredible pulsating South Korean economy from its twin Busan/Seoul HQ. Having already taken an interest in various local initiatives, it would be great to see KRX expand its footprint. It has capital and there are some great businesses out there it could acquire / invest in.
CFTC Said Ready To Push IRSs To Trading Platforms
CFTC is poised to push interest-rate and credit swaps onto trading platforms designed to make prices more transparent and competitive.
The mandate “is a real fundamental shift,” Kevin McPartland, head of market structure research at Greenwich Associates, said in a telephone interview. “It’s going to impact how the clients interact with the banks on a day-to-day basis.”
PLY: The only rule of government we can always guarantee is that whatever is initially legislated, soon ‘bracket creep’ will fundamentally extend the scope of the regulation. This is significant movement which suggests the heart of the CFTC’s interventionist wing is keen to build on the Gensler legacy.
As The OTC Marketplace Evolves, More SEFs May Rise (subscription)
waterstechnology
Barry Smith, director of global exchanges and trading venues at Equinix, discusses trends he expects to see in the OTC markets in 2014 and beyond.
PLY: More SEFs but probably a start to consolidation as well during the year. Barriers to entry are now so low, we’re looking at the equivalent to the gold rush phase of the late 1960’s early 1970’s in moneybroking (oh sorry, IDBs) where hundreds of tiny franchises competed for market share and a relatively few mega-moneybrokers emerged when frequent devaluations were a prelude to the last great Tectonic shift – Nixon exiting Bretton Woods – itself creating the first wave of the OTC trading cum derivatives revolution.
Shanghai SE Issues ‘Basel Bond’ Rules For Banks
Shanghai SE has set conditions for listed banks to issue bonds on the bourse for the first time, in a move to offer banks a new channel to boost capital.
The China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC) and China Banking Regulatory Commission (CBRC) said in November that listed banks would be allowed to issue debt on Shanghai and Shenzhen bourses for the first time, in a step aimed at helping lenders meet tougher new capital adequacy requirements.
International Board For Gold Eyed In FTZ
Shanghai Gold Exchange, the world’s biggest exchange for physical gold, plans to launch an international board in the pilot free trade zone during H1 to attract overseas capital to invest in the Chinese mainland gold market. The bourse is looking for a site for a bonded warehouse in the Free Trade Zone.
PLY: Lest you skimmed that blurb above, ponder the first sentence: the world’s largest exchange for physical gold is in China. Makes you wistful for the days when all attention was on the flags at the Rothschild London fixing…also ought to slam a piledriver between the eyes of exchange executives in London, New York, wherever, who aren’t fixated with getting out of their comfort zone and exploiting the great emerging market opportunity…
CISX Rebranded And Relaunched
As previously reported on December 30th, after historical concerns about its operations, Guernsey’s trading centre has been revamped, but an investigation continues. CISX is now CISE (“Channel Islands Securities Exchange”) while a separate regulatory arm has been spun off, the “Channel Islands Stock Exchange Authority” (CISEA) – which will also vet new listings.
PLY: As previously stated I always liked CISX, it created a space for itself demonstrating just what value microexchanges can provide. Moreover, with Chairman, eminent VC figure Jon Moulton, and his deputy Stephen Hargreaves, billionaire co-founder of investment managers Hargreaves Lansdown, the non-execs are AAA impressive. Let’s hope the revamped executive team can continue this exchange’s remarkable progress.
Towards The Creation Of The Swiss Power Exchange – Swiss Stakeholders And EPEX SPOT Discuss Market Coupling On Swiss Borders
Topics discussed were the creation of the Swiss Power Exchange, a function which is vital for the implementation of Market Coupling (a tool for integrating physical power markets) on Swiss borders to enable better integration for Switzerland with the EU Internal Energy Market.
Bitcoin Exchanges Scramble In China (subscription)
Bitcoin exchanges in China are trying to maneuver around tight rules imposed by the central bank, while confronting the issue of Alibaba banning Bitcoin related sales on its e-commerce platform.
Which Asian Countries Get Along Best With Bitcoin?
PLY: A useful swift run through multiple Asian nations and how they approach Bitcoin. Interesting to see that Thailand may be considering repealing their outright ban on BTC.
Bitcoin Tax Rules Needed For Clarity, Taxpayer Advocate Says
The U.S. Internal Revenue Service should give taxpayers clear rules on how it will handle transactions involving Bitcoin and other digital currencies, Nina Olson, the National Taxpayer Advocate, said yesterday.
MCX is down nearly 6% and FTIL also takes a pause in recent price escalation 13%) while the story emerges that FTIL might be bid by Tech Mahindra is a fascinating development.
FTIL Stock Zooms 77% In 5 Sessions On MCX Stake Sale, Dilution Buzz
Going by the way the FTIL stock has been behaving over the past few sessions, few would believe the promoter of crisis-hit spot exchange NSEL was in the eye of a storm.
FTIL rose 77% over five trading sessions through Thursday, when it closed at Rs 328.4 apiece (USD 5.3).
PLY: In other words, the market cap of FTIL went from 856 crore Rupees on January 3rd to about 1442 crore Rupees today. Or a healthy market cap increase of about 94.5 million US dollars. The EOW of the Mumbai police hold at least 18% of FTIL (we believe Jignesh’s own name stake) and Mr Shah controls some 45% of FTIL, his net worth has improved by roughly 42 million dollars (pre any NSEL payments). Not a bad start to a year after 2013 was an annus horribilis…
Mr Shah could yet walk away from FTIL even after paying all immediate liabilities to NSEL with a significant sum if he decides/is forced to…oh, I am getting ahead of myself:
Tech Mahindra Looks To Buy FTIL
Sources with direct knowledge share that Anand Mahindra’s Tech Mahindra is keen on buying Jignesh Shah’s FTIL if the promoter is asked to sell his stake as part of the NSEL proceedings.
Tech Mahindra has initiated an evaluation of FTIL for a buyout possibility, sources suggest. “It is the trading platform capability that Tech Mahindra is keen on acquiring which may have global market” a source indicated.
After it’s experience with Satyam, Tech Mahindra is eyeing another crisis-hit company for acquisition.
Sources said that Tech Mahindra wants to regain its strength in the BFSI segment which had been hit hard in the Satyam portfolio. FT may provide enough traction in this vertical.
PLY: Fascinating. Satyam Chairman Ramalinga Raju admitted to manipulating the accounts by about 1.5 billion and Mahindra scooped up the company beginning with 46% in a subsequent auction. Jignesh Shah is one of those founders who probably never intends to sell his FTIL shares although he might be advised to consider taking a lump of cash from Tech Mahindra and walking away to lick his wounds and then bound back onto the world stage, perhaps in a different sector?
Meanwhile note that Gesco, controlled by the Sheth family hold 8% of FTIL and they have history with Mahindra, using them as a white knight to thwart a hostile takeover bid by Dalmia some years ago. Equally, Mahindra is close to the Kotaks who are believed to be interested in taking a stake in MCX. Doubtless there are intense discussions all over Mumbai currently…
Police To Start Interrogating NSEL Brokers From Saturday
The Mumbai Police Economic Offences Wing investigation of the NSEL crisis is zeroing in on the brokers of the exchange.
Notices will be sent from Friday to the brokers; from Saturday the interrogation will begin.
There are 24 brokers whose share was higher in NSEL volumes; they will be called first. The wing is forming a special team.
PLY: The brokers were quick to blame the exchange for all the problems when the scandal first broke last summer.
S&P Capital IQ Extends Trading And Data Services Through HKEx
S&P Capital IQ Real-Time Solutions has reinforced its Asia offering by extending its QuantFEED and QuantLINK solutions through HKEx Orion program. The new service provides participants with faster access to both trading platform and market data services.
This move follows S&P Capital IQ’s co-location to HKEx’s data center in Tseung Kwan O, Hong Kong earlier this year.
Financial Firms Seek Startup Solutions To Trade Better, Faster
PLY: An interesting article discussing various tech apps for trading developed in and around Chicago, worth reading.
NSE, BSE & MCX-SX To Launch Interest Rate Futures This Month
NSE, BSE and MCX-SX got Sebi’s approval to launch new interest rate futures in long tenure 10-year government bonds and these investment products would hit the market later this month.
Live trading in the new interest rate futures (IRF) will begin on NSE on January 21, while MCX-SX said it will also go live this month but did not give the exact date for the same.
PLY: Bond futures are a long overdue great leap forward for India. It will be fascinating to watch their development and whether any exchange can take a dominant position.
NCDEX To Launch Gold Futures Contract From January 16
NCDEX is set to launch gold futures contract from January 16.
Ex-Tbricks COO Urs Rutschmann has joined real-time market information and electronic trading solutions provider Infront in the capacity of COO.
CME $2.60 annual variable dividend payment
CBOE $0.50 special cash dividend payment
GFI Group major shareholder Michael Gooch sold 13,603 shares Tuesday, January 7th at an average price of $3.87 (bargain $52,643.61).Mr Gooch’s regular sales are chronicled on this specific page.
Keefe, Bruyette & Woods Raised Price Objective On Interactive Brokers From $23.00 To $24.00
Nomura Began Coverage On Charles Schwab – “Neutral” Rating And $23.00 Price Target
All Analysts, Banks and Brokers are welcome to contribute to this section.
SEC’s Proposed Crowdfunding Regulations: Six Deadly Sins
Where is the Crowd?
At last check, there were less than 100 comment letters submitted to the SEC regarding the proposed crowdfunding regulations – not very impressive by Kickstarter’s benchmarks for successful crowdsourced projects. Though there is likely to be a flurry of new comment letters as the February 3 deadline approaches, I remain concerned about the relative lack of comments, more than two months after the proposed regulations were made available to the public.
PLY: An interesting point indeed as the number of interventions also tend to skew towards Wall Street and other incumbents who are invariably pushing reaction to avoid what they perceive (wrongly) may be competition for their existing franchises.
Singapore To Consider Tougher Stock Market Rules
Regulators in Singapore are planning to issue a consultation paper that will propose tighter rules for companies looking to list in the city-state, months after the stock exchange was hit by a penny stock scandal.
FOW Person Of The Year 2013
Futures & Options World
PLY: Congratulations to FOW Man of the Year Jeff Sprecher. Hardly surprising given his crowning achievements during 2013.
(Personally I loathe the barfalicious politically correct term “Person”. It sounds like Jeff Sprecher has been castrated. Why can’t it just be a Man or a Woman of the Year depending on who gets the vote?).
SEC Announces 2014 Examination Priorities
SEC announced its examination priorities for 2014, which cover a wide range of issues at financial institutions, including investment advisers and investment companies, broker-dealers, clearing agencies, exchanges and other self-regulatory organizations, hedge funds, private equity funds, and transfer agents.
PLY: Will the exams test morals, skills, virtues, understanding? Or can we expect the usual low grade crammer fodder where you remember lots of nebulous facts that the interweb can remind you of while you concentrate on being an efficient intermediary with a conscience.
Europe Strengthens Its Carbon Market For A Competitive Low-Carbon Economy
The European Commission welcomes today’s vote by EU governments gathered in the Climate Change Committee to postpone the sale of 900 million carbon allowances in the 3rd phase of the EU’s Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) which runs up to 2020.
PLY: I have to admit to not paying a lot of attention to this but it appears that a market initiative (good) had been impeded by the usual incompetent EU central planning.
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December 11, 2019 December 11, 2019 Marc Reichardt
Make it rough
The first time you hear Ice Cube’s voice on this track, he lets us know what it’s going to be like. Don’t, uh, play this one at the office, if that’s where you’re reading this. It’s not what you’d call the most considerate of Cube’s work, either. But, indeed, sometimes you do have to make it rough to make it work. This is Liverpool’s mantra with the group stage of the Champions League for the past three seasons, as all of them have come down to the final day and that final game has been a nailbiter the last two seasons, winning 1-0 over Napoli last year and 0-2 over Salzburg this year.
Despite that perception, it wasn’t what one would consider a “grindy” game at all. In fact, it was probably the fastest-paced game we’d played all year, since Salzburg had to win to go through and we had to not lose. We missed several obvious chances in the first half and, although Salzburg made some huge threats (no, not Haaland predicting a hat trick and a win (oops)), came out of it thinking we were still the much better team overall. In the space of 100 seconds in the second half, that superior quality came through. In both cases, you could probably lay a lot of the blame at the feet of Cican Stankovic, who had kept them in the game in the first half. First he charged Mané, who simply pitched the ball over him for Keita to put it in with a smart header (neck stiff and direct, head turning the ball into the goal) and then he charged Salah who went around him, got too close to the endline, and still somehow curled a shot into an empty net.
Off to watch Salah’s goal on repeat for the rest of the night…pic.twitter.com/s524ps1gLq
— Kloppholic (@Kloppholic) December 10, 2019
I mean… come on. Two sitters he couldn’t put away in the first half and then… that? Sometimes life just (ahem) curls your way.
The difference in this game from most of what we’ve encountered in the home league is that, instead of grinding and waiting for an opportunity, Salzburg handed us opportunities on a regular basis. The nature of the way they play under Jesse Marsch just isn’t one that’s going to adapt well to “secure football”, as it were. In the Austrian Bundesliga, they don’t win games by clinging to one goal leads. You look down the list of their matches this season and it’s like a list of executions: 6-0, 4-1, 7-2, etc. Prior to yesterday, they hadn’t failed to score in any game this season. [Licks finger. Elicits imaginary hissing noise from Liverpool defense boiler.] Just from watching them play, I feel pretty comfortable in asserting that they’ll be the Europa League favorites from this point forward and I can see Minamino getting snapped up by a bigger club just as fast as Haaland will be.
But it’s that ability to control games and then spring into attack with a single pass that makes Liverpool the evolved form of Jürgen Klopp’s heavy metal football and why we’re the favorites to win the PL and one of those to win the Champions League. That’s what being one of the best sides in Europe means.
No surprises. Tactically, it was about what you’d expect from the Reds these days. We started in the usual 4-3-3 with the exception being one member of the midfield: Naby Keita. Where you’d normally expect the trio of Hendo, Gini, and Milner to emphasize control against a team like Salzburg, Keita had such a great day against Bournemouth that I think Klopp decided to keep riding that horse. Good choice, as he turned in his second consecutive MOTM performance:
Naby Keita vs RB Salzburg
80% passing
2 chances created
4/4 dribbles
3/6 tackles – joint most for #LFC
3 shots
Another good performance 💪🏻 pic.twitter.com/9QmUveBzly
— LFC Stats (@LFCData) December 10, 2019
Part of his achieving that was the routine switch from the 4-3-3 to the 4-1-4-1 at halftime. Keita excels in that more traditional #10 role and Salah still scares the bejesus out of any team with sanity when he’s doing that single-man-stretching-the-defense-down-the-middle thing. Salzburg’s back line seemed even less stable than before in the second half and LFC made them suffer for it.
Virgil van Dijk vs RB Salzburg
41/49 passes
2/2 aerial duels – joint most in game
1/1 tackle
3 clearances
4 interceptions – most for #LFC
Not dribbled past
So, so good 🤩 pic.twitter.com/jUBQFFup5K
That said, I have to point out VVD’s excellence in this game. Yes, I know we’re all used to it, but he was really amazing against their frankly terrifying front line. Marsch pointed out in his post-game interview that the first two significant plays of the game were breaks by Salzburg that Virg ran down and neutered, when Marsch didn’t think he could possibly catch up. It’s remarkable, given how often Virg does that, that opposing teams are still surprised when it happens.
Likewise, another player who can’t be ignored is the captain. Since Fabinho has been out, Henderson has had to resume his role at the 6 and has done an excellent job. He’s usually been swapping with Wijnaldum in terms of protecting the back line, but while he’s been doing that, he’s still enabling Trent to get forward. I think he’s playing some of the best football of his career right now and it shouldn’t go unnoticed when we’ve lost the best CM in the world to injury and we haven’t missed a beat.
Knockout rounds. Of the non-group winning teams currently qualified, we can’t play Spurs, Chelsea, or Napoli (no domestic rivals and no teams from our group.) That leaves Real Madrid, Dortmund, Lyon, Atleti/Leverkusen, or Zagreb/Shakhtar/Atalanta. At time of writing, Shakhtar is 1-0 up on City in their final game, probably because City is fielding the (LOL) ‘B’ team of Bernardo Silva, Gabriel Jesus, Rodri, Gundogan, Foden, and some collection of multi-million pound defenders. Oh, and Bravo between the sticks. That’s the “backup” side that Pep says can’t compete with the top teams in Europe. I mean, well, maybe not with Liverpool, but…
Next should be a lot more rotation, as the bottom side in the EPL arrives at Anfield for Nigel Pearson’s first game as manager. Welcome back! I’ll also be on vacation, so any kind of game writeup might have to wait for a while.
Seriously. This was stupid. … Stupidly amazing!
Goals that came from where?
Previous THE MAGIC FORMULA?
Next FOUR IN A ROW
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FAB Partnerships
The Australian Ballet
The Friends of the Australian Ballet work closely with The Australian Ballet to host Behind the Scenes events for our members. The proceeds of the events go towards an annual donation to assist The Australian Ballet.
In 2015, FAB became the custodian of The Lilac Fairy character in David McAllister’s premiere production of The Sleeping Beauty through a donation of $100,000. We look forward to supporting The Lilac Fairy for the life of the production.
FAB is committed to continuing support for The Australian Ballet projects and productions.
If you would like to learn more about The Australian Ballet including information of their current season, dancers, education program, private giving and merchandise please visit their website at australianballet.com.au
The Australian Ballet School
Friends of the Australian Ballet is committed to supporting The Australian Ballet School and in 2016 has set up a new scholarship to assist young dancers with their training.
The Friends of the Australian Ballet (NSW) Ltd Scholarship will be awarded annually at the completion of the ABS School year to a NSW student in Level 8 the following year The Scholarship shall represent The Australian Ballet School (ABS) annual tuition fees to the value of $10,000.
For more information on The Australian Ballet School please visit their website http://www.australianballetschool.com.au/
The Australian Opera and Ballet Orchestra
Australian Opera and Ballet Orchestra https://opera.org.au/aboutus/our_orchestra
The Friends of the Australian Ballet would like to thank the following organisations for their support and contributions to the work that we do.
Event Supporters
Printing Partner
Other Friends Organisations
Similar societies exist in Victoria and South Australia. They may be contacted at the addresses given below.
The Australian Ballet Society:
Level 4/2 Kavanagh Street
SOUTHBANK, Vic 3006
Telephone (03) 9669 2591
www.australianballetsociety.com
Friends of the Australian Ballet (SA):
Kensington Park SA 5068
www.friendsoftheaustralianballetsa.com.au
Other Dance Related Links:
Ausdance NSW is the peak professional body for dance in New South Wales.
Dancelines – Author and journalist Valerie Lawson’s Australian Dance and Ballet site.
Dance Australia– Australia’s leading specialist magazine devoted to the art of dance.
Cecchetti Ballet Australia
Dance Informa is the industry’s online dance magazine and news service.
Dancetrain Magazine
Dancehub Magazine
International Dance Links
American Ballet Theatre: www.abt.org
Ballet.co Archive: www.ballet.co.uk
Ballet Companies on the Web: www.dancer.com/dance-links/ballet.php
DanceTabs: www.dancetabs.com
Houston Ballet www.houstonballet.org
Mariinsky Theatre: www.mariinsky.ru/en
National Ballet of Canada: www.national.ballet.ca
National Ballet School (Canada): www.nbs-enb.ca
Paris Opera www.operadeparis.fr/en/l-opera-de-paris
Royal Ballet (UK): www.roh.org.uk/about/the-royal-ballet
Royal Ballet School (UK): www.royal-ballet-school.org.uk
Royal Swedish Opera: www.operan.se
Stuttgart Ballet: www.staatstheater-stuttgart.com/home/
“Ballet is better with Friends.”
– FRIENDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN BALLET
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Kiwi startup announces 2020 launch of rental marketplace app
A new Kiwi start-up company has announced that it will launch its peer-to-peer rental marketplace service later this year.
Mutu will reduce waste and encourage a smaller carbon footprint with its lending service connecting those who want things with those who have them, says the company.
The app, which will allow New Zealanders to lend and rent everyday items, helps in the effort to halt the increasing trend of throwing things away when not used on a regular basis and provides a means for the items collecting dust on the shelf to become useful again.
Inspired by his European travels using peer-to-peer apps to find accommodation and noticing a lack of ability to loan out activity items to do the things he loves, Mutu founder Toby Skilton sees potential in similar businesses worldwide and he hopes to bring this to New Zealand's shores.
“Mutu will provide a safe and secure space for Kiwis to quickly search, compare & locate items to rent based on budget and location,” says Skilton.
“These items could include outdoor equipment, like surfboards and bikes, electronics, like cameras and drones, and renovation and DIY tools.”
The app, which is still being developed, will incorporate a feedback system similar to Trade Me, and Mutu says all items will be insured up to the value of $1,500.
Mutu users will also earn money by lending out under-utilised items for extra cash. Lenders are able to keep their items and continue to loan them out rather than contribute to the growing landfill challenges in New Zealand.
“New Zealanders alone create 15.5 million tonnes of waste each year. This is equivalent to 3,200kg of waste per Kiwi, one of the highest levels in the world.
“Only 28% of this waste is currently recycled.
“The appeal of our beautiful country for international visitors means tourism numbers will continue to grow once we've rebounded from COVID-19. While tourism is essential to New Zealand's economy, the impact on national waste is undeniable” says Skilton.
“We hope to help decrease these waste numbers by encouraging loaning and borrowing, rather than purchasing new items for one or two-time use.”
Peer-to-peer marketplace apps are commonplace on mobile phones globally - and the demand is undeniable, says Mutu.
In 2019 rideshare app Uber reported revenues of $3.16 billion for their second quarter, and property rental app Airbnb reports 150 million global users as of August 2019.
Skilton says Mutu aims to change attitudes towards ownership by encouraging communities to share instead of buy.
"Tinder of real estate" - Kiwi property app launches
Kiwi businesses scramble to adopt automated tracking technology
Kiwi company launches alternative to contact tracing apps with QR code
Kiwi food delivery service pledges to deliver as level 4 lockdown exit looms
Spare space in the car? Kiwis can now make a little money by shipping stuff
Kiwi Startup Startup Startups Mutu
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Social networking News
Jack Dorsey Says He Will Make Twitter Less Confusing
By Manish Singh | Updated: 11 February 2016 16:15 IST
Major changes are coming to Twitter. The CEO of the microblogging platform, Jack Dorsey, admitted during the company's earnings call that the way many things on Twitter work is confusing and driving people away from the platform. But Dorsey assured the investors that Twitter will fix conversations - replies - amongst other things to make Twitter easier, less clunky, and more attractive to users.
Outlining his company's plans for the coming months, Dorsey assured the investors that Twitter is aware of the users complaints and is committed to resolving them. For instance, Dorsey said that the ".@name" syntax, which is used when a user wants his or her followers to see the reply tweet as well, is broken. The company will look to fix other confusing parts, and also try to optimise users time spent on the network. Dorsey said that Twitter will continue to bring improvements to ensure that a user is easily able to find contacts and things that they find interesting.
"We are going to fix the broken windows and confusing parts, like the .@name syntax and @reply rules, that we know inhibit usage and drive people away," Dorsey said. "We're going to improve the timeline to make sure you see the best Tweets, while preserving the timeliness we are known for."
"We're going to improve onboarding flows to make sure you easily find both your contacts and your interests. We're going to make Tweeting faster while making Tweets more expressive with both text and visual media," he wrote. "We're going to help people come together around a particular topic, such as our @NBA timelines experiences. Relentlessly refining Twitter will enable more people to get more out of Twitter faster."
Twitter on Wednesday announced that it has made some changes to its timeline to showcase interesting tweets out of order. The feature can be considered an evolution of the 'While You Were Away' feature that Twitter had announced last year, and makes it similar to the Facebook News Feed with its algorithmic-sorting of tweets that may interest users. Users can go to their regular feed after pulling down (refreshing) the feed.
At the earnings call, Dorsey revealed that Twitter has 320 million monthly active users, same as last quarter. The company's revenue was reported to be $710 million (roughly Rs. 4,853 crores) at a net loss of $90 million (roughly 615 crores).
The company recently revamped its homepage, and also made it easier for logged out users users to follow breaking news, sporting events etc.
Further reading: Apps, Jack Dorsey, Social, Twitter
BlackBerry 10 Users Start Receiving Update to Fix Android Runtime Bug
Microsoft Surface Pro 4 Review
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Tag: Yu Suzuki
Shenmue III Review
By Jarrod Johnston December 3, 2019 Reviews 3 comments
HIGH SHENMUE III IS A REAL VIDEOGAME AND I PLAYED IT.
LOW Will be seen as as laughably dated to newcomers.
WTF The 19 different ways western voice actors say the name “Ryo”.
Shenmue I & II Review
By Mike Suskie October 3, 2018 Reviews 1 comment
HIGH Offered an unprecedented level of detail for its time.
LOW The ludicrous maze-like layout of the Yellow Head Building.
WTF The absolutely bonkers left turn Shenmue II takes in its final moments.
Virtua Fighter 5 – Review
By Daniel Weissenberger April 14, 2008 Reviews 0 comments
Virtua Fighter 5 is a fighting game stripped down to the most basic elements. It's almost as if the developers don't have the slightest interest in attracting new players. I'm sure they're turning a profit; according to the credits, the game is made by a shockingly small number of people, and it has a long life in the remaining arcades, but I can't help but wonder how long a series can last with a static user base.
Virtua Fighter 5 – Consumer Guide
By Daniel Weissenberger April 14, 2008 Blogs 0 comments
According to ESRB, this game contains: Suggestive Themes, Use of Alcohol, Violence
Virtua Fighter 4: Evolution – Second Opinion
By Scott Jones November 4, 2003 Reviews 0 comments
I think Gene is being a little pejorative by hanging that 8.5 on Virtua Fighter 4: Evolution. He labels it "user-nasty," then bemoans the fact that he had to spend time in the training mode—"slogging through command list after command list"—in order to reaquaint himself with the controls.
Virtua Fighter 4: Evolution – Review
By Gene Park October 14, 2003 Reviews 0 comments
Even as I took out the 20 dollar bill out of my wallet to purchase this game, I asked myself why I'm bothering paying to play a game I had mastered and even reviewed almost a full year ago. The answer is pretty simple: I really like the game. So much that I'm willing to pay to see the new additions.
Virtua Fighter 4: Evolution – Consumer Guide
By Gene Park October 14, 2003 Blogs 0 comments
According to ESRB, this game contains: Suggestive Themes, Violence
Shenmue II Second Opinion
By Brad Gallaway December 10, 2002 Reviews 0 comments
While I didn't grow up in a culture like Ryo's (or Gene's), I have lived in places with many similarities. I can definitely relate to elements in the game that are signatures of non-Western cultures, and appreciate their genuineness. Gene's comment stating "This is a foreign game with foreign concepts" has legitimacy and weight, and it would be wise to keep this in mind before entering the world of Shenmue II.
Shenmue II Review
By Gene Park November 26, 2002 Reviews 0 comments
I grew up in a collectivist society, which stresses community effort and family over the dog-eat-dog individualist philosophy. Both terms are extremely generalized and say little about each culture, but there are subtle things that are the key in determining which is which. I never had much use for directions or street names. Growing up on the small island of Guam, directions were given by indicating landmarks of everyday things, like a tree, blue trimmings on a house or strange looking stones. We had street names, just like they do in Shenmue and its Xbox sequel, but apparently the entire community found that they were more of an inconvenience.
Virtua Fighter 4 – Second Opinion
By Chi Kong Lui September 10, 2002 Reviews 1 comment
The Virtua Fighter series has always presented itself with a greater sense of dignity and realism than other fighting games that usually take the anime-fantasy theme route, but the latest sequel of the series exposes the hand-to-hand martial arts simulator label to be more hyperbole than substance.
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Home Cinema Nawazuddin wears Thackeray’s cloak with utmost ease
Nawazuddin wears Thackeray’s cloak with utmost ease
Film Review Thackeray
By Sunita Vijay
Nawazuddin Siddiqui remains the front runner in biopics. His splendid performance in both Manto and Manjhi is praiseworthy. The film industry as a whole uses factual manipulation most prominently and to its best advantage especially in biopics and takes liberties while making them. Maybe the truth is too boring! Cinematographically, Thackeray remains close to the authentic. Whether it is a lopsided presentation, like many other biopics, is not easy to say. “Mujhe Bombay shaant chahiye…iss waqt Bombay ko ek hi aadmi shaant kar sakta hai.” This dialogue describes the magnificence of Bal Keshav Thackeray, the god man, the Tiger as he was fondly called. The huge popularity and charisma of Bal Thackeray doesn’t require any decorative details. The dynamic life he led from an ordinary cartoonist to the leader and founder of Shiv Sena is known to all.
It is understandable that the loyalty of a party MP, Sanjay Raut, who happens to be the producer of this film, will surely favour the man, who was given the status of Demi-God by his die-hard supporters. It highlights the brighter side of Thackeray’s life and intentionally maintains silence or puts an exclamation mark on some crucial aspects.
The firebrand leader began his career as a cartoonist in an English Daily with just two Marathi men (including him) working in the newspaper office amidst mostly south Indians, which presented an environment suffocating to the ‘out of the box’ thinker in him. He found that the artist within him was being suppressed and so was his sharp political wit and remarks. He felt that, in their homeland, Marathis were not receiving their due. The rebel in him was perturbed at the plight of Marathis. His campaign and struggle began for their rights. Soon, he started his own political weekly, Marmik, to be the voice of the Marathis, and to fight for their ‘first right’ to jobs and opportunities within Maharashtra. His climbing the political ladder, his rise in the hearts of his people, hate speeches, provocative talk, hard hitting language that he used in plenty during his ‘Marathi bacchao campaign’, is presented in unadulterated form. The softer side of his personality – to help a feeble landlord vacate his house occupied by goons, financing the poor, letting a Muslim read namaaz in his living room, his interesting desh bhakti talks with Javed Miandad, and his political views, make the movie interesting.
Bal Thackeray was an iconic figure who was obeyed and feared by all in Maharashtra. Playing the part of a man of his stature must have been challenging for Nawazuddin, including the hate talk against Muslims; but the brilliant actor in him shines brightly against all biases. He brings out all the typical habits, style, manner of talking, gestures so close to the real Thackeray. He wears the Thackeray cloak perfectly. All the idiosyncrasies of this man, who had anger, frustration and a mere pen that he used as a weapon to paint things in his favour, are introduced in a crisp manner. How his thoughts connected with the common man, how he calibrated his vision with that of the public to achieve the set goals, how he rose steadily to a highly respectable position in political circle – are all explored in the movie with brief references to crucial political scenarios and leaders like Sharad Pawar, Indira Gandhi, George Fernandes and Morarji Desai.
The film begins with the Babri Masjid trial, with some superb replies given by Thackeray; Nawazuddin awes all with his replies and acting, imitating a man who never changed his expressions but had lots of explosive stuff within. The director, Abhijit Panse, captures the mood of the masses, the massive followership of Bal– all those who stood outside the court for a mere glimpse of a man. The camera positioning and angles capture the right atmosphere, the one who generated so much respect from public that even the Judge almost got up from his seat as Thackeray entered the court room. The transcendence and charisma of this man has been shown in full grandeur.
The film is simple but engaging and is close to reality in terms of uncontrived sets. The radiance of Thackeray, every aspect of his personality, the fear he evoked, power, leadership qualities, helping the poor, intolerance, the patriotic sentiments, unconditional support towards Marathi and Maharashtra, sharp intellect, wit and subtle humour, love for cricket and cigars – all come forth as the film progresses. The supporting cast, including Amrita Rao as his wife, have performed well.
The story is narrated in flashbacks. The first half is presented in black and white and the second half slowly acquires colour with a marigold flower being watered by Thackeray changing from white to saffron, and so grows the roots and strength of the saffron Shiv Sena. The dialogues, like ‘bheek mangne se accha hai, goonda bun kar apna haq chheenana’, ‘Mein agar akela bhi reh gaya na toh laakhon logon koi ikattha karne ki taaqat maa Jagdambe ne mujhe di hai’ are powerfully delivered by Siddiqui.
It’s an interesting democratic mood of the society in which biopics are designed to support and favour certain political ideologies and parties. It is a commendable strategy to bring this film when the elections are round the corner. There are strong views, rude remarks and violence, too.
Ignoring the favouritism in the script and appreciating the technical richness of the movie, it is a good watch. For that matter, every film to a greater or lesser extent contains factually warped information and edited accounts in order to make them commercially and critically successful. This biopic too has its share of shortcomings but is a must watch for Nawazuddin Siddiqui’s performance, who nails it.
I go with two and a half stars.
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Filing in patient notes
Thread: Filing in patient notes
9th Feb 2017, 04:18 PM #1
I was hoping someone could offer some guidance with regard to filing/documentation in patient notes for patients who decline a study. Is it a regulatory requirement to file PIS's and invitation letters in hospital notes once a patient has declined? If so please could someone point me in the right direction of this text?
18th Feb 2017, 11:03 AM #2
My thoughts.
It is up to the institution/investigator as to exactly where the trail data, on consented subjects, is stored. Interestingly ICH E6 R2 states that:- "The investigator should maintain adequate and accurate source documents and trial records that include all pertinent observations on each of the site’s trial subjects" (4.9.0). Clinical trial activity begins with consent and as a consequence the subject allows the investigator to begin trial related screening processes and record trial related data. Data from consented subjects should be retained in the clinical trial documentation.
Obviously to comply with GCP, the data has to be readily available for monitoring, auditing and Inspection. In fact ICH E6 R2 says that the location of such documents should be documented:- "The sponsor and investigator/institution should maintain a record of the location(s) of their respective essential documents including source documents. (8.1).
ICH E3 also expects that screen failures are accounted for in the clinical study report.
RQA (Research Quality Association) answered a similar question about ID and screening logs, in October 2015. You might find the part about why data on screen failures is retained, useful:--
"........ Complying with ICH E6 (R1) 8.3.21, the investigator/institution needs to be able to reveal the identity of any subject. In the case of Screen Failures (SF) this may be for a variety of reasons, for instance:-
• Inspectors, auditors & monitors need to access the identity of all subjects, including screen failures, so they can locate pertinent information regarding their suitability to be enrolled in screening, ensuring their rights are safeguarded, etc;
• Data Protection (DP), Privacy & Confidentiality considerations:- so that subjects can be fully protected. The investigator & staff (and monitors) can't protect the information on subjects if they can't identify them. Subjects might want to file a DP related complaint and having an ID list will facilitate identifying the pertinent information;
• Well being and rights considerations:- SF subjects might have cause to complain about the tests and procedures administered during screening (even psychological tests) and hence it would be necessary to identify these subjects;
• Some sponsors routinely collect SAE data from any subject that gives consent. Hence verification and follow-up of SAE information would require identification of all subjects."
The MHRA GCP Guide (2012) has lots of useful information. 10.7.1, 11.4.1, 11.5.1 and others, might be useful
22nd Feb 2017, 02:49 PM #3
Thank you very much, that's just what I needed!
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home Entertainment Beyonce and JAY-Z Had Fun At The B-Sides 2 Concert
Beyonce and JAY-Z Had Fun At The B-Sides 2 Concert
Published Mon Apr 29 2019 By Jessica
Beyonce and her husband Jay-Z blast a party at the B-Sides 2 concert in NYC.
Rapper Jay-Z was back to the business on stage as soon as after he returned to his hometown New York for B-Sides 2 concert. His wife of eleven years, Queen Beyonce delighted the event even more with her presence.
The B-Sides 2 event organized on 26th April was a private concert where Jay-Z gave tremendous performances to some of his greatest hits and even hosted the night to celebrate the reopening of the legendary Webster Hall.
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The hall was closed down two years back in 2017 for renovation purposes.
Beyonce and Jay-Z celebrating after the B-Sides 2 concert.
SOURCE: Raven B. Varona
Beyonce, however, didn't join her husband on stage. But, high profile rappers and pal of the power couple like Cam'ron, Nas and many more did and filled the night with even more thrills and hype.
One of the main highlights of the night obviously included the 49-years-old rapper paying a tribute to the late rapper Nipsey Hussle who was gunned down outside his clothing store in LA the other month.
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The couple then later joined a private party behind the stage where they enjoyed the VIP night to the fullest as they rained champagne on themselves.
Jay-Z performing live at the Webster Hall.
Whilst Jay-Z sported a shiny full black tuxedo with a huge golden pendant chain and a bow tie, wifey Bey matched her outfits accordingly as she rocked a matching black blazer mini skirt.
The mother of three accompanied the stylish look with a dream catcher styled creamy pink handbag and a stylish diamond embellished sunglasses.
In addition, she opted to wear multiple golden pendant chains, a long earring, and a few rings to accessorize her radiant dress.
Completing the stunning look with a pair of a transparent heel, Beyonce turned heads as she posed for the pictures.
In other news: Real Housewives of Dallas Star LeeAnne Locken Is Married To Her Longtime Boyfriend Rich Emberlin
Beyonce is yet to share the pictures on her Instagram (hopefully she will), but her photographer, Raven B. Varona who was there to make sure to take clicks of their festivities and shared some of them on his Instagram.
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Strategic bombing offensive: the science of massed air attacks
Home/A History of North America, A History of Poland, British History, Church history, German History, History of Japan, Philosophy, World History/Strategic bombing offensive: the science of massed air attacks
Crudely developed during the later stages of World War II, the SBO was a series of mass attacks from the air on both military and civilian targets. The idea was to destroy your enemy’s capacity to make war on you, and to shatter civilian morale.
Before the Second War started there was widespread belief that aircraft would always get through defences and destroy towns and their population. German air attacks on places like Guernica in Republican Spain appeared to confirm this belief, though the propaganda value of Guernica to the Republican government of Spain was priceless, especially when internationally renowned artists like Picasso painted their view of the attack. Sadly, Coventry, Bristol and Desden had no Picassos available to repeat the process when their moment came.
Yet, though this appears strange, neither Britain, Germany, France nor the Soviet Union possessed many heavy bombers in 1939, when the War began. Britain started building the 4-engined Lancaster immediately, but orders were not delivered until 1941.
SBO was first ordered by Hitler against Britain in 1940. In August’s daytime attacks the Luftwaffe lost so many aircraft that they quickly changed to night attacks on London and other large cities in what the English called the Blitz. This went on until May 1941, when Hitler started preparing his air forces for Operation Barbarossa (q.v.) against his erstwhile ally – Soviet Russia. By then around three million homes had been destroyed and more than 60,000 civilians killed in Britain, but Hitler had not planned for the British failure to lower their morale (it actually went up) or halt war production.
Now comes a really bizarre moment: the British air chiefs told the United States that despite the failure of the Bliz they planned to win the War by bombing alone! As the Americans were doubtful at this time whether they would enter the War anyway, this came as a surprise. As we know, Pearl Harbor in December 1941 was enough to make up their mind.
Meanwhile, British bombers were operating at night, as their enemy had done in 1940. The specific targets were arms factories, bridges over rivers, dams in the industrial Ruhr, and massed concentrations of enemy soldiers. But night-flying skills and instruments were inadequate and most of the bombing was atrociously inaccurate, as aerial photography showed.
Then Air Marshal Harris, known as ‘Bomber’, became chief of Bomber Command in 1942, and he promptly went for bigger targets – such as whole cities. He approved of ‘area bombing’ – what the German civilian population knew as ‘terror bombing’. Using the enormous four-engined Avro Lancaster, with a great range and a payload of up to six tons of bombs, he ordered a thousand-bomber raid on Cologne (Köln) in May, 1942, quickly followed by other similar raids on the industrial Ruhr. On 27 July 1943 special incendiary bombs started a fire-storm in Hamburg which is estimated to have killed approximately 50,000 people. Should Britain have lost the War, the first military leader accused of war crimes would have been ‘Bomber’ Harris, a mild man personally. But, the Americans said they disapproved of SBO (though they used it without compunction later); they preferred precision daylight bombing of specific (military) targets, but on 14th October 1943 two-thirds of their aircraft were shot down over Schweinfurt and they suspended bombing until enough fighter escorts could arrive.
The fighter escort they awaited turned out to be the Mustang (operating from December 1943) a fighter superior to anything the Germans could produce. The Mustang ate up the enemy fighter force and made it possible for American daylight bombing to resume in February 1944. The results were so spectacular that when France was invaded on D-Day (6 June, 1944) the Germans could hardly muster a single Messerschmidt to attempt defence.
Meanwhile the Royal Air Force had cut German steel production by 80% in the Ruhr, halving Germany’s overall production. The States continued attacking synthetic oil production plants, but there was a danger of aviation fuel (in Britain, the main base) running out and the bombing fell from 316,000 tons (!) to 17,000 tons in September.
The human loss due to ‘carpet’ bombing was huge, and was later firmly questioned. Between three-quarters of a million and one million German civilians (a conservative estimate surely) were killed in Allied bombing raids. When questioned on this, senior air-force personnel were not very apologetic and asked who had started the War. They frequently added that up till then around 100,000 aircraft crew had also been killed from British and American air bases.
When the US captured Japanese islands in the Pacific they were enabled to begin SBO on the mainland of Japan, reaching a terrible peak in 1945. The idea was to spread terror and this the Americans certainly did in Tokyo on 9 March of this year, when fully a quarter of the city’s mostly wooden buildings went up in flames, taking occupants with them. Between June 1945 and the end of the war fifty-five Japanese cities were attacked, each attack destroying half the built-up area in each town. Finally, when two atomic bombs were dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki the strategic bombing offensive ended.
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By Dean Swift| 2014-04-01T14:32:34+00:00 September 5th, 2013|A History of North America, A History of Poland, British History, Church history, German History, History of Japan, Philosophy, World History|2 Comments
About the Author: Dean Swift
‘Dean Swift’ is a pen name: the author has been a soldier; he has worked in sales, TV, the making of films, as a teacher of English and history and a journalist. He is married with three grown-up children. They live in Spain.
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Jill January 5, 2014 at 5:26 pm - Reply
Like Swift, Gulliver becomes upset with the iinustjces he sees in the world. If you’ve ever read Jonathan Swift’s “A Modest Proposal,” you will see how he attempts to condemn and satire the corrupt political situation of Ireland, as he suggests that they eat their children and use them, like their skin, to produce goods that will boost the economy. Swift is simply suggesting the corruptness of politics, and illustrating how horrible the social situation has developed in Ireland. Similarly, Gulliver becomes quite upset with the social situations he sees in society, that, when he comes home from his long journey, he sleeps in the barn with the horses. He was so touched and influenced by the Houyhnhnms that he does not want any part of human society, realizing its great flaws and lack of concern for the better good. Overall, both Swift and Gulliver attempt to correct or point out the problems in their respective societies.
Dean Swift January 9, 2014 at 5:19 pm - Reply
Jill, thank you for your sound appraisal. Oddly enough I have indeed read Swift’s ‘A Modest Proposal’. I have even written a post in this website on my own modest proposal for the malaise in Cataluña – very much in the same satirical mode as the original, which was journalism too.
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Keller acquires Esorfranki Geotechnical
November 7th, 2013 / By: IFAI / Uncategorized
Keller’s footprint now in South African, sub-Saharan construction markets
The U.K.-based Keller Group is purchasing Esorfranki Geotechnical, the largest ground engineering business in South Africa, according to a Nov. 5 press release from Keller. The acquisition is expected to be completed by the end of November 2013.
The release said that Esorfranki Geotechnical will revert to its original name, Franki, but the business will continue to be run by its current management team. It will become part of Keller’s Europe, Middle East, Africa (EMEA) division.
The release said: “This acquisition will accelerate Keller’s entry into select sub-Saharan construction markets, where significant growth fueled by major infrastructure and resource-related projects is expected over the medium to long term.”
Esorfranki Geotechnical currently provides design-build services to the mining, civil engineering, and construction industries. It is engaged in the construction of piling, pipejacking, lateral support, and ground improvement. The press release noted that although its principal market is South Africa, the business also has operations in Angola, Botswana, Ghana, Tanzania, Swaziland, Lesotho, Nigeria, Namibia, Mozambique, and the Indian Ocean islands.
Justin Atkinson, Keller chief executive, said: “The combination of Esorfranki Geotechnical’s local knowledge and resources with Keller’s scale, experience, and broad range of techniques will make us ideally placed to undertake complex major projects requiring design expertise and multi-product solutions in a region where we expect the longer-term opportunities to be significant.”
The Keller Group of companies is a multinational organization providing ground engineering services throughout the world. According to the company’s website, Keller “is the world’s largest independent ground engineering contractor,” with global annual revenues of around ₤1.5 billion ($2.4 billion USD) and approximately 8,000 staff worldwide.
For more information: Keller Group PLC
Source: Keller Group PLC
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