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Kate Holton
UK regulator clears BSkyB of links to hacking scandal
Kate Holton Sep. 20, 2012 | 01:53 PM
LONDON: Britain's media regulator gave pay-TV firm BSkyB a clean bill of health on Thursday, saying there was no evidence it was linked to a phone hacking...
Sculling Sloth loses race but wins fans
Kate Holton Jul. 31, 2012 | 07:36 PM
DORNEY, England: Hamadou Djibo Issaka, the novice rower from Niger who has emerged as an unlikely hero at the London Olympics, vowed to improve on Tuesday...
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Writers' Guild of Ireland announces Burn Bright partnership
Time Bank by Burn Bright.
The Writers Guild of Ireland has announced a new partnership with Burn Bright, a UK networking hub for industry-led mentorship.
Burn Bright was born out of a situation in which two women's work was erased in a theatrical landscape, which lacks equality, and where plays written by women are rarely seen on big stages.
They are a not-for-profit organisation that seeks to change that, aiming to level the playing field wherever possible - creating a network and opportunities to build writers up, lobbying for change, and calling out inequality and bad practice where they see it.
“I am delighted to announce that we have partnered with Burn Bright to add a fantastic group of Irish mentors to their Time Bank roster this week,” said WGI Chair, Jennifer Davidson. “Earlier this year, in our first lockdown, I signed up for some advisory sessions, and was immediately struck by how beneficial and necessary this initiative was.”
“I was keen to see how we could extend the initiative to support Irish female writers. Time Bank is being updated weekly with new free advisory sessions from industry leaders, available to any writers who identify as a woman, with over 150 sessions offered so far.
“Time Bank offers writers the chance to connect one-on-one with industry professionals willing to offer mentorship, feedback, and advice on a variety of topics affecting writers across stage, film, and television. It is an invaluable opportunity to ask questions and engage with people from all aspects of the industry with directors, writers, coaches, and publicists at your disposal.”
2020 ZeBBie Awards nominations announced by the Writers Guild of Ireland
Jennifer Davidson becomes new Chair of the Writers Guild of Ireland
Hugh Farley Appointed as New Director of Writers Guild of Ireland
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Gary Schwartz Art Historian
Art history from Holland
About Gary Schwartz
Art historical approaches
Economic history of art
Monographic studies
Patronage and collecting
Technical study
Dutch and Flemish art
Architectural painting
Kunstkamer painting
Scenes of daily life
Guillam van Haecht
Jewish subjects
Memoirs and tributes
Schools other than Dutch and Flemish
Italian art
Writing art history
Critique of connoisseurship
Schwartzlist columns
310 Augmenting art
In 1997, Schwartz described a way in which museums could provide visitors with highly personalized digital information and imagery to enhance their viewing of original objects. In 2010 the means to make this technically feasible came within reach. The first concept and its latter-day form are sketched in and made available to anyone or any institution wishing to pursue an idea whose time is about to come.
Preceded by an Information Age message in a bottle: from Thursday evening, 23 December, 21:30 through Tuesday afternoon, 28 December, 13:45, my e-mail account at xs4all, through an error of the provider’s, seems to have been completely disbanded. Mails addressed to me were returned with the error message “User not known.” Anyone who sent me a mail in that period is kindly requested to resend it.
In 1997 I was asked by The Art Bulletin, a leading scholarly journal, to write a contribution for a special section on “Digital culture and the practices of art and art history.” In my essay, “Digital imagery and user-defined art” (The Art Bulletin, vol. 79, nr. 2, June 1997, pp. 206-08), I pondered the effects on art history of the increased control over images of art works being put in the hands of users. If images can be tweaked to suit the taste of anyone with a digital device, how can a museum exercise its responsibility to show its holdings as it feels they should be seen? My answer was that the museum should use its strongest suit – possession of original objects – in combination with digital media.
The trump trick I am contemplating would [make] direct experience of the original an indispensible element for appreciating digital enhancement at its best. In this regard, another form of interactivity is a more appropriate model than the CD-ROM or the Web site. That is, the free-route audio tours one can now use in certain exhibitions or collections. While looking at the original, the visitor can access one or more kinds of commentary to enrich (or at least amplify) the visual experience. In the scenario I am contemplating, the museum will augment such spoken information with personalized visual enhancements to its displays. Now that we have grown accustomed to looking silly walking around with audio head-sets, we have been made ripe for virtual-reality helmets. Whether or not present-day VR can do the trick I do not know. But I do know what I would like to see with it. Let me take the National Gallery in London as an example. While looking at the Duccio Annunciation panel, I would like the helmet to show me, in a realistic but differentiable virtual projection, how scholars think it fits into the predella of the Maestà and how the Maestà looked on the high altar of the Sienese Duomo before it was removed shortly after 1500.
I went on from there to sketch the ways in which a museum could combine direct viewing with digital enhancements. What I did not know was that seven years earlier the Boeing physicist Thomas Caudell had coined the term “augmented reality” for experiences of just that kind, and that articles had been written about it in journals I never get to see, such as IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems. The First International Workshop on Augmented Reality, a yearly event since, was not held until November 1998, in San Francisco. Had I known about it, I would have attended, and my plan might have been put into development.
In practical terms the VR helmet has still not lived up to its potential. Another device has come along, however, that can convey as much information, though without the total visual immersion of VR. This is nothing other than the humble cell phone with camera that all of us carry around and of which we have three or four discarded models in a drawer. Earlier this year I caught onto a new possibility in the making. Point the camera of your cell phone – or tablet or something in between – at a museum display and be treated to a custom show about it, tailored to your interests and level, on the screen and earphones of your device.
With a Dutch developer I worked out a proposal, which we pitched to a big art museum. For a while it looked like we were on track toward agreement on a pilot project, but the museum pulled out of the talks before the plan was even seriously discussed.
For The Art Bulletin I described an application for art historians. In the current situation I expanded the plan to include the general museum visitor as well. The visitor would be offered a choice between presentations by a docent, an art-historical curator, a conservationist and an artist.
The docent
No one knows better what interests the general visitor than our own docents, who have been taking the public around the museum for years. You will surely enjoy your personal docent’s enthusiastic and well-informed remarks.
The art historian
Introducing the head of our department of history. If you have studied art history or want to hear about the latest scholarly discoveries about our objects, listen to what she has to tell.
The restorer
If you are the kind of art lover who always wants to know how the artist works, if you want to look below the surface of things, then our paintings restorer is the Personal Curator for you.
It takes one to know one: the personal and professional responses of an artist to the work of his or her predecessors are always worth listening to. A present-day Dutch artist will introduce you to his choice of works and tell you what they say to him.
It would take a lot of work to stock the database, but much of the information is already on file. The filmed introductions of the Personal Curator and the presentation of additional images would segue in a short while into voice only, bringing the viewer closer to the work itself. I envisioned a future in which schoolchildren would fight over the nicest tablet and would come to the museum in order to enjoy a lively interactivity with the collection.
As much as I would like to bring a project like this into being, in a draft New Year’s resolution that I am publicizing on New Year’s Eve, I have decided not to pursue the project further on my own initiative. It is simply too risky to invest in a project like this without the commitment of a museum partner. There is a lot of action in art applications for the cell phone, and a lot of competition. If anyone out there is interested in the ideas I framed in 1997 and my proposal of 2010, they now know how to find me.
Another of my resolutions is to concentrate on the multitude of smaller studies on which I have worked for the past years without finishing them.
Bit by bit I am getting there. In 2010, beside Schwartzlist columns 301-10, I have published these three articles, all based on older research:
“Love in the huiskamer,” Desipientia 18 (2010), nr. 2, pp. 45-27
“J. van Beecq, Amsterdam marine painter, ‘the only one here [in France] who excels in this genre,’” in Les échanges artistiques entre les anciens Pay-Bas et la France, 1482-1814, ed. Gaëtane Maës and Jan Blanc, Turnhout (Brepols) 2010, pp. 15-32
“The Barberini and Orange inventories: a comparison of the collections and their publication,” Medieval, Renaissance, Baroque: a cat’s cradle for Marilyn Aronberg Lavin, ed. David A. Levine and Jack Freiberg, New York (Italica Press) 2010, pp. 167-78
A third New Year’s resolution is to put up more of my writings on internet. That out of gratitude for your attention. I wish all readers of the Schwartzlist a healthy and fulfilling new year.
© Gary Schwartz 2010. Published on the Schwartzlist on 31 December 2010. With thanks to the Prince Bernhard Cultural Foundation for helping, through its Prize for the Humanities, to fund Schwartzlist columns, and to Jeroen Meijer of MuzAR for inspiring discussions about augmented reality in museums.
Responses to Gary.Schwartz@xs4all.nl
Author Gary SchwartzPosted on December 31, 2010 March 13, 2017 Categories Uncategorized
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390 What did Rembrandt have against spires?
From Otto Benesch to Peter Schatborn: a concordance
Comparing Rembrandt and Saenredam: Het belang van banale zaken
389 Botticelli’s Primavera as an image of Santa Maria del Fiore
388 Convention and uniqueness in Rembrandt’s response to the east
Jean-Marie Clarke on 391 Four strains of the Rembrandt virus
Stephanie Dickey on 391 Four strains of the Rembrandt virus
Gary Schwartz on 391 Four strains of the Rembrandt virus
Marco Mascolo on 391 Four strains of the Rembrandt virus
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Glifo is a small independent publishing house born in Palermo in 2013. Back to the years of the economic crisis, we decided to start a new business at the age of 28 and 29. Only two weeks after the launch of the company, we invested about 4,000 euros, but we were proud to state that we had an activity we could call our own. We were conscious of the difficult times ahead of us and that it would have been more likely to meet the pope than to sign a long-term contract. Tired of chasing unsatisfying promises, we decided to take a risk; some may have thought we were crazy, but we made our own independent choice and this is what mattered to us. That's how Glifo Edizioni was born, that's our publishing house, that's us.
Why the name Glifo?
The etymology of 'glyph' dates back to esoteric texts with the meaning of graphic sign and was used as a letter in secret alphabets, but it can also refer to a 'symbol' in journalistic writing. Moreover, modern layout software index their fonts libraries under the entry “glyph”.
Quoting Wikipedia: «A glyph, which comes from the Greek verb γλύφω (glýphō),"to engrave", originally meant any sign, engraved or painted, such as, for example, the glyphs of the Maya writing or Egyptian writing known instead as hieroglyphs (from the Greek "sacred signs")».
We think that the term glyph describes perfectly the aim of a publishing house founded in 2013: combining the traditional idea of 'making books' with that of digital publishing.
Glifo Edizioni makes each book with dedication and pays great attention to quality and aesthetics, providing visual impact through an original layout.
We select the best Italian paper to provide the readers with a unique tactile experience. The majority of our books are environmentally friendly and made of FSC certified paper.
We primarly focus on creativity (children's books, Betulla, theatre, contemporary art and outsider art), legality and mafia. We also publish novels, as long as they agree with our creative standpoint.
Among the main authors who wrote our creative books:
Emma Dante, one of the most internationally renowned Italian theatre directors.
Marco Somà, Italian illustrator, famous all over the world.
Daniela Volpari, popular Italian illustrator.
Francesca Rossi, internationally renowned illustrator.
Among our main authors in the field of legality and mafia:
Attilio Bolzoni and Giuseppe D'Avanzo, two of the most important Italian investigative reporters, experts in mafia matters.
Rocco Chinnici: antimafia pool's founder, Chief Judge during Giovanni Falcone and Paolo Borsellino career.
In addition, Glifo produces "Betulla", a series of illustrated artist notebooks, written in five languages. Besides being a support in taking notes, they aim at representing a link between images and words, and an incentive for creativity.
For further information mail to: Questo indirizzo email è protetto dagli spambots. È necessario abilitare JavaScript per vederlo.
Grandpa Tree
A penguin’s dream
Ice. Friends at opposite poles
Betulla. Artist’s book to take notes
Betulla, Alessandro Bazan
Betulla, Silvestro Nicolaci
Betulla, Danza
Betulla, Palermo
Betulla, Francesca Rossi
Legality and Mafia
Justice and Cosa Nostra. Stories of adjusted justice in the mafia trials: Emanuele Basile and Corrado Carnevale
Rocco Chinnici. Protected illegality
The Street of painted houses
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KIA MOTORS NIGERIA APPOINTS CLASS MOTORS AS ITS DEALER IN WARRI, DELTA
April 8, 2015 Uncategorized
Class Motors, Warri, Delta State
Kia Motors Nigeria, the fastest growing automobile company in Nigeria, offering the public the very best in cutting edge automotive technology, has announced a new partnership with Class Motors Limited. To further expand its market reach and ease of access to teeming customers in the country, this dealership agreement will facilitate bringing KIA closer to the people in Warri and its environs.
In addition to bringing to the foray, vehicles that deliver best-in-class features and affordable price for value, the vision of KIA is to bring its world class facilities closer to its customers and manufacture vehicles that meet their dreams and aspirations.
KIA has continued to keep pace with consumers’ evolving wants and needs in order to remain competitive. The shifting consumer interests and the need to meet their expectations with exceptional service delivery has propelled Kia Motors Nigeria to extend its reach by signing a new dealership agreement with Class Motors Limited to continue to offer cutting edge automobile technology in the country.
Speaking on the partnership, Mr. Sanjay Tatpati, Assistant Vice President, Kia Motors Nigeria, said, “This joint venture with Class Motors is an important step in our expansion plans for the Nigerian market. Finding the right partners to work with in satisfying our customers is very vital to us. We are delighted to work with the experienced team of Class Motors and are confident that our customers and automobile enthusiasts will be the ultimate beneficiaries of this relationship.”
Commenting on the partnership, Mr. Ben Edoja, MD, Class Motors Limited, said, “Our relationship with Kia Motors Nigeria is in furtherance of our corporate mission to provide customers with quality vehicles and services. We constantly seek ways to exceed our customers’ expectations and we believe this partnership will give us the opportunity to do just that.” He further quoted that the new Kia franchisee will offer full range of Kia vehicles, from the Kia Picanto to the Kia Quoris, wherein the customers will have ease of access and buy their preferred Kia cars.
It is indeed a significant step forward for KIA who has seen substantial growth over the years, making KIA vehicles available to a wider marketplace. The new dealership with Class Motors will facilitate Kia Motors Nigeria meet the objective of providing world class service that is second to none in the Nigerian auto industry.
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In Aging Voices
What a loving and gentle performance by Johnny Cash. His aging voice strikes me, fragile and at that day a bit hoarse, as he confessed to an understanding audience. But does it make the performance worse? Not really, people take it into account I believe and even respectfully do not over-sing or over-scream his voice. To give him room and to let him reach them once more I like to think. Wish I had been there.
In Aging Voices, Music
What a wonderfull story told by first Helen, then Johnny Cash, who married June Carter and became the son-in-law of Mother Maybelle. The marriage may well have saved the man from your typical showman’s disasters involving drugs and sex and rock & roll.
And another nice thing to note is the aging voice of Maybelle. She was never a singer with soaring voice but with age she becomes even more careful not to stretch it too far. She stays within her modes range and plays an important harmony role. And she does take the lead in going through the song, and she is always very sure of when to start and when to end a particular part. That is often seen in those who are also strong guitar players, I believe because they have two perspectives on song, the chord progression and the melody.
See more about the Carter Family.
I find something wonderful in aging voices. Strength gets lost, volume goes down, range decreases and ease vanishes. Still, there is beauty to be found.
Don McLean sings a great version of Vincent. He also sang together with Ed Sheeran a version of this song.
My parents are both aging singers and I hope one day I will be too 🙂
Here is a nice short documentary about the Carter Family, a musical family that was very important in American country music. The documentary mentions the Carter-style scratch, which I am trying to master, unsuccesfully so far 🙂
And here is a more recent live studio recording that also features Carlene, representing yet another generation of the Carter Family. And a great opportunity to hear Anita Carter sing at a more advanced age, which she did not do in public very often due among others to health considerations. I also love watching June concentrate on playing and singing so intently. In earlier years she was a real front lady but here she takes a more modest role.
The King in Black
The more I listen to him, the more I am a fan of Johnny Cash, the ‘King in Black’.
In his younger years he competed with Elvis for the hearts of the girls. Later he became a living legend for millions of music lovers in the world.
Now, I was surprised to hear a number of people whom I talked to about Johnny Cash say that he was not a very good singer. I think that this old video and many others clearly demonstrate his singing abilities. At age 70 of course the voice becomes less strong and less sure. That is a natural phenomenon.
Anotehr nice element in this video is the typical electric guitar work by Luther Perkins. In the country scene this sound made their music very distinctive.
Discovering Golden Music: Emmylou Harris
What a lovely, strong voide. She can control volume and softness so well. A really touching live performance. I have to see if I can learn to play some songs of her.
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L2TC.com - Movies Shot Locations
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1 movie in 25 shot locations
has been found for this search
with: title: A Cop
A Cop (1972)
Director: Jean-Pierre MELVILLE
Casting: Alain Delon, Richard Crenna, Catherine Deneuve, Riccardo Cucciolla, Michael Conrad, Paul Crauchet, Simone Valère
Also known as: "Dirty Money"
25 locations found
Film moment: at 3min, scenes of the arrival of the gang which goes rob the bank
Avenue des Pins
Saint-Jean-de-Monts (85160)
85 - Vendée / Pays-de-la-Loire / FRANCE Updated on November 16th, 2008
Source: Schauspieler
Boulevard de la Mer
Allée des Mauges
Place de l'Europe
Comment: This place did not exist at the time of the shooting.
Film moment: robbery scene
à l'angle de l'Esplanade de la Mer et de la place de l'Europe
85 - Vendée / Pays-de-la-Loire / FRANCE
Updated on February 26th, 2017
Source: a net surfer
Film moment: scene where thieves pretend to take the train after robbery at the bank
Rue Gambetta
Challans (85300)
85 - Vendée / Pays-de-la-Loire / FRANCE Updated on September 14th, 2012
Source: Forum
Boulevard de la gare
Film moment: scene of the police station
dans un immeuble de location de bureaux, rue Regnault
Paris - 13ème (75013)
75 - Ville-de-Paris / Ile-de-France / FRANCE
https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rue_Regnault
Updated on March 12nd, 2012
Source: Olivier Bannier (cinéphile)
Film moment: at 17min, scene where the police chief Coleman (Alain DELON) arrives on the place murder
Place Pigalle
Paris - 9ème (75009)
https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Place_Pigalle
Updated on November 16th, 2008
Film moment: at 22min and 43min, scenes of the appointment of Coleman (Alain DELON) with the transvestite
https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rue_de_Provence_%28Paris%29
Film moment: at 21min, scene where the gang deposits Albouis (Andre POUSSE) in a private clinic and at 34min, scene where the gang returns to kill him
Clinique Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 59 rue Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire
http://www.clinique-geoffroy-st-hilaire.com
Film moment: at 26min, scene where Louis Costa (Michael CONRAD) will buy a newspaper
Rue Jean Mermoz
75 - Ville-de-Paris / Ile-de-France / FRANCE Updated on November 16th, 2008
Rond-point des Champs-Elysées
https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rond-point_des_Champs-Elys%C3%A9es
Avenue des Champs-Elysées
https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avenue_des_Champs-%C3%89lys%C3%A9es
Updated before May 2007
Source: L2TC.com
Film moment: scenes in police station
74 rue Régnault
75 - Ville-de-Paris / Ile-de-France / FRANCE Updated on May 14th, 2012
Film moment: at 31min, scene of appointment of the gang at Louvres museum
Ile-de-France / FRANCE Updated on March 27th, 2012
Film moment: at 40min, scene where Coleman (Alain DELON) goes to the hotel "Arc Elysée"
Avenue de Friedland
https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avenue_de_Friedland
Rue Washington
https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rue_Washington
Film moment: scene of the rendezvous between the gangsters in a disused house to prepare the train attack
Proche de la gare, le long des voies en face des ponts métalliques
Clichy (92110)
92 - Hauts-de-Seine / Ile-de-France / FRANCE Updated on March 15th, 2012
Film moment: at 48min, scene where "Matthew the suitcase" (Leon MINISINI) takes the Paris-Lisbon train
Gare Montparnasse
https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gare_Montparnasse
Film moment: at 50min, scene where "Matthew the suitcase" (Leon MINISINI) takes delivery of drug
Gare de Bordeaux Saint-Jean, rue Charles Domercq
Bordeaux (33000)
33 - Gironde / Aquitaine / FRANCE
https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gare_Saint-Jean
Film moment: at 94min, scenes of the arrest of Simon (Richard CRENNA)
Rue de Presbourg
https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rue_de_Presbourg
Avenue Carnot
https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avenue_Carnot_(Paris)
Rue de Tilsitt
https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rue_de_Tilsitt
Hôtel Splendid Etoile, 1Bis avenue Carnot
http://www.hsplendid.com
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1. Entrance Fee £45 per team Winter League, £40 per team Summer League.
2. All matches to be played on the published date unless BOTH teams agree to play the match BEFORE that date – Exceptions will be made at the discretion of the committee.
3. Matches start at 8:15pm – Late teams will forfeit 1 frame at 8:20pm & a further 1 frame every 15 minutes after 8:20pm.
4. Minimum 4 players to be present before match can commence.
5. Winter matches consist of 2 x 6 singles, Summer matches consist of (1 doubles game followed by 5 singles) x 2
6. Teams can sign as many players as they wish – Winter signing deadline is 31st December – Exceptions at the discretion of the committee
7. AGM date will be published accordingly and will also include forthcoming Winter registration season
8. Order of play is as per results sheet
9. Once a player has played one frame, they are prohibited from transferring to another team in the current season
10. All matches to be played to WORLD 8 BALL RULES
11. Away team will break & referee first frame with the home team timekeeping – Timekeeping is mandatory in all frames
12. No coaching is allowed in any frame
13. Summer league title is decided by KO format (1/4 , Semi & Final)
14. Summer plate competition will run alongside the KO competition for those teams not qualifying for league title
15. Double merits competition – Team mates may confer before addressing the table and after the visit has ended
16. All merits & memorial matches must be timed as per World rules
17. Breaking in merits & memorial matches is decided by the toss of a coin at the start of the match, breaks thereafter are alternated – There is no stipulation on which partner breaks in doubles merits
18. The referees decision is final
19. If there is any dispute in a single frame, the rest of the match must be completed – Captains must ensure they are both aware of any disputed frame and both captains should report this to the Committee within 4 days of the match otherwise disputes will not be recognised
20. Captains must sign the results sheet at the end of the match – In the event of a dispute, see Rule 19
21. Cup matches – in the result of a draw, captains will nominate one player from each side to play a tie break frame – Break will be decided by the toss of a coin
22. Winning team to send league result to the secretary within 24 hours of the match ideally via email, text, WhatsApp or Messenger – A hard copy of the result sheet must be sent to Benks Pub within 3 days – failure will result in a £10 fine
23. All teams must be represented at league meetings, failure to attend will result in a £5 fine – Team who consistently fail to attend will continue to be fined and may face further action at the discretion of the Committee
24. Team venues are to be within a 10 mile radius of Leek – Exceptions will be at the discretion of the Committee
25. Failure to fulfil a fixture will result in a fine of £20 – In the case of the fixture being cancelled with less than 24 hours’ notice and / or food was prepared by the home venue, those monies will be paid to the venue – Repeatedly offending teams will be asked to attend a Committee meeting where disciplinary action will be decided at the discretion of the Committee which may lead to expulsion from the league (see Rule 39)
26. The position of teams finishing level on points at the end of the Winter season will be decided by the results of those teams firstly on points, if they are still level, then frames, if still level, by overall frame difference
27. All merits & memorial matches must be played on or BEFORE the published date – Singles, Doubles & Memorial matches are Best of 5, Semi-Final Best of 7 and Final Best of 9 – Semi Finals & Finals will be played on neutral tables unless agreed between players – The Committee will have the final decision if required
28. Meetings are held as per published calendar – 8pm start at The Prince of Wales
29. Annual Trophies – Teams & Individuals are responsible for the up keep of any Annual League trophies they are presented with – any loss or damage to a League trophy must be paid for by the team or individual responsible
30. Any player reaching the Semi Final of Singles, Doubles or Memorial competitions must have played 50% of all available league matches – Failure will result in the losing quarter finalist being reinstated into the competition – Exceptions at the discretion of the Committee.
31. Divisional Cup – This competition runs through the Winter season (Subject to calendar dates being available) – Format is straight KO - Venue determined by first team drawn out – In the event of a draw, each captain will nominate a player to play in a tie-breaker. The break will be decided by the toss of a coin
32. If a team’s table / lighting / condition of pool balls is considered so poor, this should be raised at the next available league meeting where corrective action may be discussed – Captains are permitted to brush / level the table if they feel capable of doing so and with the strict permission of the venue
33. In KO / Sub cup competitions, players need to have played 50% of league fixtures to play. This will be subject to the scrutiny of the Committee
34. Any team winning trophies during the season must attend the annual presentation to collect – failure to do so will result in trophies being recycled
35. Any player or team reported to the league and subsequently found to be in breach of what is ‘good & acceptable behaviour’ will be dealt with by the Committee. Any player or team found guilty of what is considered to be ‘Violent Conduct’ will be suspended from the league indefinitely. Leek Pool League is affiliated to the Staffordshire County Pool Association who withholds the right to ban those players from other affiliated competitions & leagues.
36. Any outstanding monies payable to the league at the end of a season must be paid in full before registration to the forthcoming league can be completed.
37. Any player who postpones a merits or memorial match on a Thursday night must arrange to play the match before the next Sunday night. Failure to do so will result in the original player who postponed the match being excluded from the competition. If a player knows they are unable to play on the scheduled Thursday night, they may arrange to play before the published calendar date providing the opponent agrees.
38. All players reaching the Semi Finals or Finals of the Merits & Memorial competitions will need to be prepared to play on a night suggested by the Committee at a venue to be confirmed. Dates will be published in good time to allow players to make arrangements.
39. Summer League doubles matches take the format of ‘Scotch Doubles’. Players are not allowed to confer during a visit. They may confer before, or between a visits providing they have not addressed the table.
40. Any postponed league of cup fixture must be played within 2 weeks of the original fixture date. Failure to do so will result in the team who originally postponed the fixture being excluded from the competition
41. Attendance at the league AGM is mandatory. This will be a combined AGM & Winter League registration meeting. Proposals for the AGM are to be submitted in writing 2 weeks before the published AGM date for consideration by the Committee. Proposals to be discussed at the AGM will be posted onto the Leek Pool League website 7 days before the AGM
42. Each division has an 8 Ball Clearance Competition throughout the Winter season. The player in each division completing the most 8 ball clearances (Only team league & cup matches) will be awarded a trophy at the end of the season. An 8 ball clearance is deemed to be legal when a player A) Breaks & clears the table legally on the first visit or B) A player makes a ‘fair’ & dry break and the incoming player clears the table legally on the first visit
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Home GENERAL NEWS Justice ZP discourages violent campaign strategies
ZP discourages violent campaign strategies
The Zambia Police Service says it is discouraging the use of certain strategies such as the ‘Mapatizyia formula’ which are not known by anybody and pose a threat to lives of the people.
And Police says it is also discouraging the ferrying of party cadres from other areas to either Livingstone or Mpongwe where by-elections will be taking place on 28 February, this year.
Zambia Police Service Public Relations Officer, Elizabeth Kanjela, says police will not hesitate to bring to book all those advocating for violence either by the use of words or actual physical harm.
Ms Kanjela said in a press statement released to ZANIS in Lusaka today that her men and women in uniform are on the ground patrolling and carrying out security check-ups to ensure people are not carrying offensive weapons to harm others.
She appealed to the people of Livingstone and Mpongwe to co-operate with police officers and report any person/s intending to bring confusion.
“We have sent reinforcement police officers to Livingstone and Mpongwe to help police the campaigns ahead of the forth-coming by-elections on February 28th and may I take this opportunity to advise all the political parties to carry out their campaigns in a peaceful manner ahead of the forth-coming by-elections,” Ms Kanjela said.
Yesterday, Johan Lyakoka, 19, a cook for Western province Minister, Obvious Mwaliteta, was murdered in Livingstone in unknown circumstances, the incident which many PF members suspect to be the infamous ‘Mapatizya formula” which is mainly associated with the opposition UPND.
The body of Lyakoka was found on Saturday morning lying on the tarmac along the Lusaka road opposite Crossroad Lodge a few meters away from where the deceased and his colleagues were sleeping.
But United Party for National Development (UPND) has dissociated itself from the killing of Mr Mwaliteta’s cook.
UPND Campaign Manager and Mazabuka Central Member of Parliament, Garry Nkombo, said the incident is regrettable but that his party has got nothing to do with the killing of Lyakoka.
Meanwhile, two people in Lusaka have been arrested for allegedly causing the death of a 40-year-old man.
Police Spokesperson, Elizabeth Kanjela, said the incident occurred yesterday between 22:00 and 23:55 hours at Aca Justice and Human Rights Consultants Offices in old Kanyama Compound.
Ms Kanjela named the victim as Shadreck Shawuma of unknown house number but in old Kanyama Compound who was murdered by four people out of which two were apprehended and are in police custody.
She identified the suspects as Cosmas Kangondo, aged 40, of house number 47/04, Kanyama Compound, and Morgan Kakumba of house number 49/66, of the same area who are both Aca Justice and Human Rights Consultants.
Facts of the matter are that the deceased has been on separation with his wife for some time and on the material night, Shadreck went to visit his wife who instead went to report him to Aca Justice and Human Rights Consultants offices so that their family dispute could be sorted out.
Instead, the deceased become so annoyed and accused the men of interfering in his marriage. Confusion erupted and resulted into a fight and Shadreck was left unconscious at the Office.
Ms Kanjela said fists and head butts were used in the act and the suspects will appear in court soon.
The deceased was bleeding from the nose and sustained a swollen head and the body is lying in University Teaching Hospital mortuary.
In another development, two children aged 15 and 10 died out of drowning in two separate incidences.
Ms Kanjela said in Lusaka, a 15 year old boy went to swim with his friends after they came from playing football in Chawama and in the process he drowned at Blue Water dam.
Ms Kanjela said the incident occurred yesterday around 15:00 hours and by press time, the body of the boy had not yet been retrieved from the dam.
And in Nchelenge district in Luapula Province, a 10 year old boy drowned in Lake Mweru near the fisheries offices as he was swimming with his friends.
The incident occurred yesterday around 14:00 hours at the lake and the body is lying in St Pauls Mission Hospital mortuary.
2 suspected criminals killed in mob justice in Lusaka’s Kamwala South
CHIEF LITETA DRAGGED TO COURT
ACC makes progress in investigating Kambwili
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ANOTHER FEMALE BANKER STRIKES, STEALS K 500,000 FROM ZANACO
Court Tours Chimese’s Alleged Properties
STATE WITNESS TESTIFIES IN COURT OFFICIALS’ DRUG TRAFFICKING CASE
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Career@LJ
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1. All the applicants shall have to qualify an Entrance Test conducted by the University, for admission to the Ph.D. Those students who have qualified UGC-NET (including JRF)/UGC-CSIR NET (including SLET/GATE/GPAT), teacher fellowship holders, shall be exempted from the Entrance Test for admission to the Ph.D. Programme.
1.1 Every year, the University shall decide, latest by in the month of December, on the number of seats available for admission in Ph.D. programmes in various Schools and Departments, depending on the availability of Research Supervisors and other academic infrastructure, including laboratory, library, and such other facilities;
1.2 The admissions to the Doctoral Programmes in the University will be open year-round. Students will be able to apply for the programme during any quarter of the year. The entrance test for every quarter will be held on first Sunday of the months of January, April, July, and October. The last date of submitting the application forms will be 15 days prior to the date of entrance test. The University will notify the number of seats available for admission in each subject/discipline, criteria for admission, procedure for admission, examination centre(s) where entrance test(s) shall be conducted, and all other relevant information for the benefit of the candidates; each year, latest by December, in the University website: www.ljku.edu.in . The University will also advertise in at least two (2) national newspapers, of which at least one (1) shall be in the regional language (Gujarati), for admissions to the doctoral programmes; and,
1.3 The University will adhere to the National/State-level reservation policy, as applicable.
2 The admission shall be based on the criteria notified by the University, keeping in view the guidelines/norms in this regard issued by the UGC and other statutory bodies concerned, and considering the reservation policy of the Central/State Government from time to time.
3 The University shall admit candidate to Ph.D. Programmes following a two-stage process:
3.1 An applicant will be required to obtain at least 50 per cent marks in the admission test to be eligible for the admission. The syllabus of the Entrance Test shall consist of 50% of domain/subject knowledge, 20% will be that of the research methodology, and English, each; and 10% will consist of General Knowledge. The Entrance Test shall be conducted at the L.J. University Campus. However, any change of Centre, if any, shall also to be notified on the website at least 15 days in advance; and
3.2 In addition, the applicants will have to face and clear an interview/viva-voce wherein the candidates will be required to present their proposed research work before the Board of Studies of the respective Schools.
3.3 The weightage of the written test and viva-voce will be in the ratio of 70:30.
4 The interview/viva voce shall also consider the following aspects, viz. whether:
4.1 The candidate possesses the competence for the proposed research;
4.2 The research work can be suitably undertaken in the University;
4.3 The proposed area of research can contribute to new/additional knowledge.
5 The candidates who have cleared M.Phil. Degree, shall be exempted from appearing in the entrance test, and deemed to be qualified for entrance test.
The University shall maintain the list of all the Ph.D. registered students on its website on year-wise basis. The list shall include the name of the registered candidate, topic of his/her research, name of his/her supervisor/co-supervisor, date of enrolment/registration.
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The Entrance Test will be Single Paper Test.
It will contain 4 sections as follows.
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The question paper will be a combination of objective and explanatory questions
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Welcome to my Metazoic site! This site discusses the existence of the creatures to come along after humans will be extinct. I first became interested in a world after man when I acquired my first copy of Dougal Dixon's After Man: A Zoology of the Future in 1992. However, I unwittingly created creatures that did not exist from the time I was about 8 years old. But it was after I obtained a copy of that book (now a collector's item) that I decided to take these same creatures I created as a child and make them more realistic in an evolutionary sense. Though it may be hard for a lot of us to grasp, humans will soon become extinct. One of the biggest factors of how this will happen is the current overpopulation rate. Which is why I don't contribute to the population. I created this world with little more than mammals fulfilling all ecological niches with the help of some friends. I even gave the era of the age after man a name, I called it the Metazoic, derived from the words for "After-era" (Meta, meaning after, and zoic meaning era). We are now in the Cenozoic era. To view all the animals I have created since I began this project, you can go to the "Meet the Mammals" section of this site. To discuss your own ideas about what you think will happen in the future world, and share your ideas with others, please feel free to leave a comment.
One more thing, some of you may find this site quite offensive, and you have a right to your own opinion. But please respect my right to have an opinion too. I'm not saying there is no GOD, I believe it was HIM who got the ball rolling. But I believe after that, evolution took over. There is so much more evidence of evolution than there is of creation. Even that going on right under our noses. Other than that, enjoy yourself and visit our many links.
Evolution of Flight
I was watching a show tonight, called Evolution on the History Channel. It's a good show!! I watch it every Tuesday night. This show has opened my eyes further to the world of evolution. It talks about the evolution of everything. Tonight, they discussed the evolution of flight. We all know the insects were the first creatures to take to the air. The pterosaurs were the first vertebrates to do so. But the reason I am discussing this here now is because of the difference between birds and bats.
Even this show says that bats fly better than birds and are more maneuverable than birds. It could be this that allows bats to win in the future world over birds. Remember sharks beat out the prehistoric Dunkleosteus. You know why some people believed that happened? Because sharks have jaws that protrude foreward when biting, giving them a bigger advantage in capturing prey over Dunkleosteus, whose jaws were immobile like ours. Little things sometimes can make the biggest difference. Sharks have been successful for over 350 million years because of that! Whereas Dunkleosteus and it's allies died off long ago. If bats are more agile fliers than birds, even slightly more, that could be a huge advantage in their future survival over birds. All bats have to know how to do now is take over the daytime skies, and it is the pteropods that are well on the way to doing just that.
On my Metazoic site, I have also a group of far-gliding mammals (or I will have when I get around to them) I call them "Pleuropters", and these mammals take on a method of gliding much like today's flying lizards of Borneo. It's an interesting concept. One that could happen in mammals. Who knows? But these are not the same things as bats. I've been thinking of not calling these mammals of my site "mammals", but something else. Maybe "Neomammals" for now, because IMO, they would be so very different from modern mammals. In birds and pterosaurs, the thing that makes them successful fliers is the hollow bones. In my Metazoic world, bats develop the same feature, making them lighter in weight and the largest bats just as capable of flying as smaller bats. But the air sacs are a feature no mammal has today. I also have placed this feature in the Lily-walkers and the small, water lily-trotting deinognathid, Feresetta. To make it easier for these animals to walk on lily pads without going through and sinking the pads to the bottom of their lake home. Much like we see in today's jacanas. But it was the air sacs and hollow bones that made the largest pterosaur, Quetzalcoaltus, capable of flight.
Posted by Dee TimmyHutchFan at 1:20 AM
Metalraptor said...
The placoderms suffered massivly due to a mass extinction at the end of the Devonian. There is every reason to believe they died out then, and no evidence that they got competed out of existence by sharks (dang you Romer's gap!).
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Why Every AWD Performance Car Needs Drift Mode
Road & Track 12/4/2020 Mack Hogan
© DW Burnett Safety when you need it, tail-out wildness when you want it.
The limiting factor in automotive speed isn't power, weight, or torque. It's grip. From subcompacts to supercars, nearly everything on the market can overpower its mechanical grip with enough rough handling. With the horsepower wars unrelenting, more and more automakers are resorting to all-wheel drive to turn tire smoke into thrust. That's fine, so long as they build in Drift Mode.
I'm using "Drift Mode" here as a catch-all term, encompassing any setting in an all-wheel-drive performance car that allows for more rear-drive dynamics. Usually, this means sending a majority of engine output to the rear axle (even when the rear tires lose grip), along with limited intervention from stability and traction control. In my mind, the ideal version of Drift Mode directs 100 percent of torque to the rear axle, with stability control intervention in only the most harrowing moments. That may sound like the worst of both worlds—all-wheel-drive weight and complexity without the benefit of grip, good for on-camera slides and nothing else. But during our 2021 Performance Car of the Year testing, Drift Mode entirely won me over.
© DW Burnett bentley continental gt drift
It started with the rain. Blackout clouds and soaked pavement put a halt to our lapping sessions at Lime Rock Park. Here we were, with hundreds of thousands of dollars worth of today's best new performance cars, an empty track, and not much to do. Never willing to let good cars go undriven, the staff decamped to Lime Rock's paved infield autocross course to practice our slides.
We quickly sussed out which cars were best suited to this. The Bentley Continental GT was a touch too nose heavy; the GT500 too powerful and traction-limited. The Jaguar F Type R was finicky, untamable. After every outing in a different car, all I wanted to do was get back into one of two cars: the Mercedes-AMG CLA45 or the BMW M8 Competition. They were the easiest to hold in a controlled slide, the most predictable, and the most approachable. They were also the only two vehicles here with Drift Mode.
© DW Burnett cla45 amg drift
Part of the glory of these systems is in how they let you learn about the car. Modern performance cars are often so complicated and smart, it can be hard to sense what behavior is coming from the chassis itself, and what's been filtered, translated, distorted or glossed over by a computerized system. Since these interactions are meant to be seamless, they can catch you off-guard. You try to correct a slide by adjusting the throttle, but the all-wheel-drive system has already shifted power to the front axle. So you get a snap back as the car overcorrects, its attempt to smooth things over making everything more jagged.
Gallery: 2021 10Best Contenders: Cars That Didn't Make the Cut (Car and Driver)
Drift Mode allows you to dodge some of that obfuscation. With Drift Mode enabled and stability control fully off, the M8 Competition becomes far more lively and interesting than when it's digitally chained. It doesn't transform the car—it is still a heavy, numb rocket with incredible performance but uninvolving delivery—but it helps you learn to live without the crutch. Perhaps more importantly, you can actually explore the limits of traction and have some fun, slidey action without having to risk a high-speed off-track excursion.
© DW Burnett 2021 jaguar f type r drift
The best argument for Drift Mode, though, was the car that didn't have it. The Jaguar F-Type R is a muscular V-8 sports car, naturally prone to oversteer—but, infuriatingly, tuned to never really allow it. Its all-wheel-drive system is aggressive in its mission to maximize grip, and unlike the BMW (but like nearly all AWD cars), you can't turn it off. So you lock the car in second gear, put everything in Sport, turn off traction control, disable stability control, flick it into a corner, bury the throttle, and still you won't get the big slide you expect. You get a natural rotation and a brief slide, followed by an abrupt, impossible-to-anticipate jerk from the car that throws everything off. Sensing the wheel slip, the drivetrain sends heaps of power to the front wheels to claw you out. But you don't have any way of knowing when it's about to happen, so you keep your foot in it until you suddenly lurch forward, the back end whip-sawing around as the car recovers from the slide.
That behavior is not fun, not quick, and not particularly confidence-inspiring. More to the point, it represents the car's brain fighting with you. It already knows you want stability control and traction control off. You have to hold the button, wait for a beep, and stare at a big warning light telling you that, effectively, Jaguar is following your wishes but takes no responsibility for what you're about to do. And yet even with that rigamarole, there's still a layer you cannot see, control, or overpower that prevents the car from working with you. Great performance cars are not just communicative, they're always predictable and cooperative. They work with you, not against you.
© Mack Hogan bmw m8 competition
That's not what most people want out of a car, to be sure. It's nice to be able to drift, but most would agree that a Camry should intervene when a high-schooler tries to give it full throttle on an icy bend. All-wheel-drive systems that work to get you out of trouble, and safety systems that cut in before a car hurtles out of control, are great innovations that have saved countless lives.
My desire to slide a Jaguar on a closed course doesn't outweigh any of that. Offer me every safety feature on Earth. Just give them an off switch. I don't care if I have to dive through buried menus or hold the button for 10 seconds while playing Guitar Hero with the pedals. Make it idiot-proof, make it intentional, but make it doable. Give me a Drift Mode that disables every guardian angel, sends all of the car's power to the rear, and flashes enough warnings that the lawyers can stomach the liability. So when every supercar on sale is all-wheel drive, you won't need a computer science degree to have some fun with one.
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These Are the 14 Best New Cars for Less Than $45,000
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Michael Foot
Veteran socialist known for rambling incoherent speeches.
The high pitched anthropomorphic rodent first seen in STEAMBOAT WILLIE.
Pathe Newsreel in a 30s and 40s Style
'Chipper' style voice over of the old black and white Newreels.
"What is a weekend?"
English heavy rock artist and media personality.
Swashbuckling Jedi performed by Alec Guinness in the original STAR WARS film trilogy.
The warm reassuring voice of childhood.
Hungarian born American actor known mainly for playing sinister foreigners.
Peter Sallis
British comedy actor know for LAST OF THE SUMMER WINE and as the voice of Wallace in WALLACE AND GROMIT.
Peter O'Sullevan
Peter O'Sullevan - veteran horse racing commentator know as 'The Voice of Racing'.
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In Memory of our Dear Friend & Sister:
Grace Ann Garcia 1955-2014
Anyone who knew Grace knew what a force of nature she was and how dedicated she was to democratic politics and in particular to empowering women and Latinas. Grace was involved in Senator Clinton's Presidential campaign from day one and she brought all of us along with her. She convinced many of us of the importance of contributing to Senator Clinton's campaign and being at the table.
It was that Presidential election that compelled a conversation about creating a political action committee by Latinas and for Latinas. Grace connected all the dots and helped found PODER PAC. She was instrumental in the success of the launch of PODER PAC, helping us to strategize and raise seed funding to support Latina candidates and to build a bench of Latinas in elected office.
When Grace followed Secretary Clinton to the State Department she had to take a leave of absence but as soon as she knew she was departing to serve as the Executive Director of Annie's List she called as said "I can rejoin the board and in this new role we can partner and do somethings together to support Latinas running in Texas" Grace never stopped thinking about ways to support and empower Latinas. We will miss your tenacity and political acumen but most of all we will miss your friendship. PODER PAC will continue in your honor, to grow, support and empower more Latinas to run for political office. We know that you will continue to guide us from above. Rest in peace our dear friend and sister. Love, The PODER PAC Board & Founding Board
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Forum Index » Historical » The Dustbin of History » The myth of the Ukrainian Holodomor
The myth of the Ukrainian Holodomor
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Let's put an end to this discussion with historical and indisputable evidences from Mark Tauger's works.
BOURGEOIS AND FASCIST THESIS:
- The famine was due to collectivization and organized by Soviet power to subdue the countryside and strenghten Soviet rule.
- The famine was directed against the Ukrainian population.
- The famine was especially directed against the peasant population and the "kulaks" who refused collectivization.
- The USSR did nothing to stop the famine. People were starving from enormous grain procurements quotas.
- The USSR kept exporting grain even though people were starving.
THE FAMINE WAS MOSTLY DUE TO A VERY BAD CROP IN 1932
"The low 1932 harvest meant that the regime did not have sufficient grain for urban and rural food supplies, seed, and exports. The authorities curtailed all of these, but ultimately rural food supplies had last priority. The harsh 1932-1933 procurements only displaces the famine from urban areas, which would have suffered a similar scale of mortality without grain the procurements provided (though, as noted above, urban mortality rates also rose in 1933). The serverity and geographical extent of the famine, the sharp decline in exports in 1932-1933, seed requirements, and the chaos in the Soviet Union in these years, all lead to the conclusion that even a complete cessation of exports would not have been enought to preven famine. This situation makes it difficult to accept the interpretation of the famine as the result of the 1932 grain procurements and as a conscious act of genocide. The harvest of 1932 essentially made a famine inevitable."
THE FAMINE WASN'T DUE TO COLLECTIVIZATION OR PROCUREMENT QUOTA
"The 1932 grain procurement quota, and the amount of grain actually collected, were both much smaller than those of any other year in the 1930s. The Central Committee lowered the planned procurement quota in a 6 May 1932 decree, which also permitted kolkhoz and peasant trade in grain at free market prices. To encourage increase production, this decree reduced grain procurement quotas for kolkhozy and edinolichniki from the 1931 quota of 22.4 million tons to 18.1 million tons; in partial compensation it raised the sovkhoz quota from 1.7 million tons to 2.5 million tons, for a total procurement quota of 20.6 million tons. Since the preliminary plan composed by the trade commissariat in December 1931 had set grain procurements at 29.5 million tons, the 6 MAY law actually reduced the procurement plan 30 percent. Subsequent decrees also reduced procurement quotas for most other agricultural products.
These decisions were a major policy shift from the preceeding years' attempt to eliminate market forces from the Soviet economy. After the May 1932 decree, Soviet leaders were optimistic that trade by kolkhozy and individual peasants would become as important for urban food supplies as procurements. Local officials and outside observers even saw the decree as a new NEP.
THE FAMINE WASN'T UKRAINIAN
- "A former Belorussian kolkhoznik has stated that Belorrussia was also struck by famine. A Soviet specialist on the Volga region wrote of "significant provisioning difficulties" during 1931-1933, a Soviet author who lived in a village near Saratov in the early 1930s writes of mass starvation deaths there. The British Embassy received reports of massive resistance to grain procurements in Novosibirsk. A Canadian agricultural specialist, Andrew Cairns, who toured most of the primary grain regions in summer 1932, was accosted in the SIberian town of Slavgorod by crows of people who told him that villages were empty and people were starving to death every day in the countryside."
FAMINE/FOOD SHORTAGE WAS NOT CONFINED TO RURAL AREAS
"A recent study of Dneprostroi notes that while the 1932-1933 famine affected the countryside more than the towns, nonetheless "Even there it was devastating to the health of the population." Bread rations steadily declined and were not given out in full, workers had to leave work to stand in long bread lines, and typhus, tuberculosis, and smallpox became widespread. Reports from several Soviet cities in the émigré Menshevik press indicated that food prices increased far beyond workers' salaries during 1932. Blue-collar and white-collar workers were selling everything they owned to buy bread, theft was rampant, and no one saw any prospects for improvement."
SOVIET AUTHORITIES ORGANIZED RELIEF CAMPAIGNS AND REDUCED GRAIN PROCUREMENT DEMANDS.
- "Archival evidence of low yields and the gabs between archival and official data lead to the conclusion that the authorities lowered crop estimates and moderated procurement demands in response to the low harvest.
- "They did try to alleviate the famine. A 25 February 1933 Central Committee decree allotted seed loans of 320,000 tons to Ukraine and 240,000 tons to the northern Caucasus, Seed loans were also made to the Lower Volga and may have been made to other regions as well. Kul'chyts'kyy cites Ukrainian party archives showing that total aid to Ukraine by April 1933 actually exceeded 560,000 tons, including more than 80,000 tons of food. Aid to Ukraine alone was 60 percent greater than the amount exported during the same period. Total aid to famine regions was more than double exports for the first half of 1933. It appeas to have been another consequence of the low 1932 harvest that more aid was not provided: After the low 1931, and 1934, and 1936 harvests procured grain was transferred back to peasants at the expense of exports."
THE FAMINE HAD NEGATIVE CONSEQUENCES FOR STALIN'S AUTHORITY
"The food shortages and their effects heigtened party opposition to the Stalinist leadership. According to Boris Ncolaevsky, by 1932 spreading famine and consequent declining labor productivity led to the emergence of an "anti-Stalin majority" in the Politburo that produced the Riutin platform and other opposition programs. Party members and government officials were disaffected by the shortages and the 1932 procurement campaign. To suppress this, the regime initiated a harsh purge in the norther Caucasus and Ukraine in late 1932 and extended it to the rest of the country the following year."
EXPORTS WERE REDUCED BY HALF
"The harvest decline also decreased the regime's reserves of grain export. This drop in reserves began with the dought-reduced 1931 harvest and subsequent procurements, which procured grain to those areas in 1932. The low 1931 harvest and reallocations of grain to famine areas forced the regime to curtain grain exports from 5.2 million tons in 1931 to 1.73 million in 1932; they declined to 1.68 million in 1933. Grain exported in 1932 and 1933 could have fed many people and reduced the famine: The 354,000 tons exported in the first half of 1933, for example, could have provided nearly 2 million people with daily rations of 1 kilogram for six months. Yet these exports were less than half of the 750,000 tons exported in the first half of 1932. How Soviet leaders calculated the relative costs of lower exports and lower domestic food supplies remains uncertain, but available evidence indicates that further reductions or cessation of Soviet exports could have had serious consequences. Grain prices fell in world markets and turned the terms of trade against the Soviet Union in the early 1930s, its indebtedness rose and its potential ability to pay declined, causing western bankers and officials to consider seizure of Soviet property abroad and denial of future credits in case of Soviet default. Failure to export thus would have threatened the fulfillment of its industrialization plans and, according to some observers, the stability of the regime."
http://www.as.wvu.edu/history/Faculty/Tauger/Tauger,%20%27The%201932%20Harvest%20and%20the%20Famine%20of%201933,%20SR%2091.pdf
omnimercurial
Nice work Comrade!
Now all we need to do is ram these facts down the throat of those indoctrinated with.Hearst Bullshit.
Not an easy task but worthwhile none the less.
leftguy
The famine was caused by collectivization, which killed efficiency. Its not surprising that present-day Russia produces more than the Russian SFSR, and that Ukraine twice as much as the Ukrainian SSR. Collectivization didn't work.. Of course, neither did private ownership either under communism - In Poland the lands were owned privately, but the system was still inefficient. The wage structure is probably to blame, or something rather more complexed (such as following five-year plans)..
Lol, I write something that proves that the famine wasn't due to collectivization, and you say "famine was caused by collectivization" without any kind of evidence. If you are just there to repeat your dogmas, It's useless to discuss. Soviet grain production has been discussed there:
http://www.soviet-empire.com/ussr/viewtopic.php?f=110&t=53190
"Ukraine twice as much as the Ukrainian SSR"
"The sudden loss of State agricultural subsidies had an enormous effect on every aspect of Ukrainian agriculture. The contraction in livestock inventories that had begun in the late 1980's continued and intensified. Fertilizer use fell by 85 percent over a ten-year period, and grain production by 50 percent"
http://wdc.org.ua:85/en/node/29
Oooh looks like they collectivized again in 2003! What was the name of the stalinist who did that?
I'll be honest here, how many sources say otherwise? Do the majority say so, or only some? The majority say it was due to collectivization or Stalin. This is a fringe theory, and the author admits it himself
Even if all sources said that, how would that make those sources right? Number doesn't make you right, only facts, argumentation, and when it comes to history, archive evidences. You way of thinking is unscientific. Mark Tauger is a serious historian and his work is very good, he gives actual evidences from Russian and Ukrainian archives. The 1932-1933 famine couldn't have been caused by collectivization because, as Mark Tauger shows, Soviet Policies in 1932 were exactly the contrary of collectivization and more like a new NEP.
Moreover, Mark Tauger proves that collectivization even helped to alleviate the famine. Indeed, you have to imagine the year 1932, people dying en masse (at least according to anticommunist sources), especially peasants. Some anticommunists even said 5 millions! Can you imagine that, five millions, and probably much more persons suffering from illnesses (because obviously most people died from illness and not directly from hunger). Even if we suppose that tens of thousands, and not millions, died, that would be a lot. So in this year 1932, they were dying, yet they managed to produce for the next year, and indeed the 1933 crop was quite good. Mark Tauger proves that this was due to collectivization policies, particularly mechanization.
Conscript
Soviet Policies in 1932 were exactly the contrary of collectivization and more like a new NEP.
Um, so how does this make Stalin a negation of the 'super-industrialist' left-opposition? Collectivization was supposed to be their implemented plans, albeit harshly and rapidly.
What do you mean exactly? You can collectivize rapidly but make a short break, and that's what they did in 1932 I guess.
RodrigoPinguim
"The majority say it was due to collectivization or Stalin."
Argumentum ad Numeram.
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Home Robot (India's biggest film comes to Virginia Beach)
Robot (India's biggest film comes to Virginia Beach)
Dec 4, 2010 5:00 AM to 7:45 AM
AMC Lynnhaven 18 Movie Theater 1001 Lynnhaven Mall Loop, Virginia Beach, Virginia 23452
Robot (Endhiran), a Sun Pictures Film by acclaimed director S. Shankar, comes to Virginian Beach December 4th.
Robot features India’s superstar Rajinikanth; loved, admired, and craved by Indian fans, he is unmistakably brilliant as he plays both Dr. Vasi and the robot, Chiti. Dr. Vasi is a scientist who tests the limits of technology when he creates Chiti, an andro-humanoid robot, and infuses him with human emotions. As Chiti begins to think and feel, however, he becomes uncontrollable, falling in love with Dr. Vasi’s fiancé Sana (Aishwarya Rai). Dr. Vasi attempts to destroy him, but Chiti rises from the ashes and mobilizes an unstoppable army of machines leading all of India into mayhem.
Since the film's theatrical release on Oct. 1, 2010 it has become a sensation in both the east and west, pulling in over 80 million dollars, scoring record high revenues for an Indian film and becoming the most widely-distributed Indian film ever. It boasts the biggest budget for an Indian film (40 million plus), thrilling costume design by Mary Vogt (Men in Black, Batman Returns) a musical number on Macchu Picchu, animatronics by Legacy Effects (Iron Man, Avatar), and action sequences choreographed by Yuen Woo Ping (Kill Bill, The Matrix).
What local Virginians will find interesting about the film's production is that this joint venture of Hollywood and Bollywood was initiated by local production company executive Jack Rajasekar of Fusion Edge Media (Virginia Beach). Rajasekar worked for several years on the project bringing in the best of Hollywood to collaborate while overseeing and supervising the joint venture. The fact that great things that are happening in the movie industry from Virginia Beach is clearly evident in this film.
Location AMC Lynnhaven 18 Movie Theater 1001 Lynnhaven Mall Loop, Virginia Beach, Virginia 23452
Event Type Film
Date & Time Dec 4, 2010 5:00 AM to 7:45 AM
Virginia Rep's Virtual Gala
Charity & Fundraisers Theater & Dance
Webinar: The Restoration Dialogue – Solving the Unknowns of Preservation and Restoration – The Branch House Pipes
The Branch Museum of Architecture and Design
History House+Garden
Accepting Applications- 2021 HIGHER Ground Women’s Leadership Development Program
Feb 4, 2021Jun 18, 2021
Business & Career Education & Learning
GROSS&DALEY
Color Me Comforted
The color of the year for 2021 is “calm.” Read more
Photo by Brad Warstler
In the Studio with 16 Hands
This Floyd artist collective works together to welcome visitors. Read more
You Bet Your ‘Bucha
Virginia’s craft kombucheries. Read more
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Cadernos de Saúde Pública
Print version ISSN 0102-311X
Cad. Saúde Pública vol.27 no.10 Rio de Janeiro Oct. 2011
https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-311X2011001000019
NOTA RESEARCH NOTE
Reproducibility of the Portuguese version of the PEDro Scale
Reprodutibilidade da Escala de Qualidade PEDro em português
Silvia Regina ShiwaI; Leonardo Oliveira Pena CostaI, II; Luciola da Cunha Menezes CostaII; Anne MoseleyII; Luiz Carlos Hespanhol JuniorI; Roberta VenâncioI; Cintia RuggeroI; Tatiana de Oliveira SatoIII; Alexandre Dias LopesI
IUniversidade Cidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
IIThe George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, Australia
IIICentro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brasil
The objective of this study was to test the inter-rater reproducibility of the Portuguese version of the PEDro Scale. Seven physiotherapists rated the methodological quality of 50 reports of randomized controlled trials written in Portuguese indexed on the PEDro database. Each report was also rated using the English version of the PEDro Scale. Reproducibility was evaluated by comparing two separate ratings of reports written in Portuguese and comparing the Portuguese PEDro score with the English version of the scale. Kappa coefficients ranged from 0.53 to 1.00 for individual item and an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.82 for the total PEDro score was observed. The standard error of the measurement of the scale was 0.58. The Portuguese version of the scale was comparable with the English version, with an ICC of 0.78. The inter-rater reproducibility of the Brazilian Portuguese PEDro Scale is adequate and similar to the original English version.
Evidence-Based Practice; Clinical Trials; Questionnaires
O objetivo foi testar a reprodutibilidade da versão em português da Escala de Qualidade PEDro. Sete fisioterapeutas avaliaram a qualidade metodológica de 50 estudos controlados aleatorizados em português, indexados na base de dados PEDro. Cada artigo já possuía sua respectiva avaliação nessa base de dados, utilizando a versão em inglês da escala PEDro. Foi calculada a confiabilidade da escala, assim como foi comparada a pontuação total de consenso com a pontuação das avaliações utilizando a escala em inglês. Os coeficientes kappa variaram entre 0,53 e 1,00 para itens individuais, e um coeficiente de correlação intraclasse (CCI) de 0,82 foi obtido para a pontuação total. O erro-padrão de medida foi de 0,58 ponto. A versão em português da escala foi comparada com a versão em inglês e foi observado um CCI de 0,78. A reprodutibilidade da versão em língua portuguesa da Escala de Qualidade PEDro foi adequada e similar à versão em inglês.
Prática Clínica Baseada em Evidências; Ensaio Clínico; Questionários
The Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro; http://www.pedro.org.au) is a free database of randomized controlled trials (RCTs), systematic reviews and clinical practice guidelines in physiotherapy 1. PEDro is considered to be one of the most comprehensive databases for indexing reports of RCTs that investigate the effects of physiotherapy interventions 2. To be included in PEDro a trial must satisfy five eligibility criteria: (1) the trial must involve comparison of at least two interventions; (2) at least one of the interventions evaluated must be currently part of physiotherapy practice; (3) the interventions should be applied to subjects who are representative of those to whom the intervention might be applied in the course of physiotherapy practice; (4) the trial should involve random allocation or intended-to-be-random allocation of subjects to interventions; (5) the study must be a full paper published in a peer reviewed journal 1.
All trials indexed on PEDro are assessed for methodological quality and statistical reporting using the PEDro Scale 1 that considers the following criteria: (1) eligibility criteria and source of participants; (2) random allocation; (3) concealed allocation; (4) baseline comparability; (5) blinding of subjects; (6) blinding of therapists; (7) blinding of assessors; (8) measures of key outcomes from more than 85% of participants; (9) intention-to-treat analysis; (10) between-group statistical comparisons; (11) point measures and measures of variability. The scale is scored out of 10 with one point being awarded for each of the itens (2) to (11) clearly satisfied and reported by the trial. Each trial is assessed by two independent raters. Any disagreements are arbitrated by a third rater. Reports of trials written in languages other than English are assessed by bilingual raters using the English version of the PEDro Scale.
More than 4,300 searches of PEDro are performed everyday by physiotherapists worldwide, of which 15% are performed by professionals from Portuguese-speaking countries. Although the PEDro website was recently translated into Portuguese, the search and results pages, including the PEDro Scale score, are only available in English. As only a small proportion of the Brazilian population are fully proficient in English, it is likely that this limitation of the PEDro search function will restrict the use of PEDro by Portuguese-speaking physiotherapists.
As a first step to making PEDro more accessible to physiotherapists that are not proficient in English, the PEDro Scale has been cross-culturally adapted into Portuguese by a Portuguese research group 3. This adaptation was performed following the recommendations from current guidelines 4.
Some orthographical adjustments were made to the Portuguese version of the PEDro Scale to adapt it to Brazilian Portuguese. No semantic or grammatical modifications were necessary. The scale in Brazilian Portuguese can be accessed at: http://www.pedro.org.au/portuguese/downloads/pedro-scale/. To date, the reproducibility of the Brazilian Portuguese PEDro Scale has not been evaluated.
The objective of this study was to test the reproducibility and parallel-form reproducibility of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the PEDro Scale compared to the original English version.
Seven Brazilian physiotherapists participated in this study as independent raters. The raters underwent training to assess the methodological quality of RCTs using the Brazilian Portuguese version of the PEDro Scale through the online PEDro Scale Training Program (http://training.pedro.org.au/portuguese/index.html - this website is password protected). After training, each therapist had to pass an accuracy test to ensure that they were applying the scale to the same standard as other raters.
Fifty reports of RCTs written in Portuguese were used in this study derived from a universe of 65 RCTs indexed on the database. The citation details and PEDro ratings for all Portuguese language trials indexed on PEDro were downloaded on 2 August 2010. Two sets of consensus ratings (individual items and total PEDro score) were generated by the Brazilian raters using the Brazilian Portuguese version of the PEDro Scale (Figure 1). To produce the first set, each trial was independently assessed by two raters and any disagreements were arbitrated by a third rater. This process was then repeated by three different raters to produce a second set of consensus ratings.
The reproducibility of the Brazilian Portuguese version was evaluated based on the definition from the guidelines for health status questionnaires: "the degree to which repeated measurements provide similar answers in stable conditions" 5 (p. 36). Both reliability ("the degree to which evaluations could be distinguished from each other, despite measurement error") and agreement ("how close repeated measures are, expressed in the unit of the scale being tested") were investigated. The two sets of the Brazilian-Portuguese version consensus ratings were compared to evaluate test-retest reproducibility. The first set of Brazilian Portuguese consensus ratings was compared to the English version consensus ratings to evaluate parallel-form reproducibility. A sensitivity analysis was also performed to compare the second set of Brazilian Portuguese consensus ratings with those of the English PEDro Scale.
The following statistics were determined to evaluate the test-retest reproducibility of the Brazilian-Portuguese version of the PEDro Scale: 1) kappa coefficients for each item of the PEDro Scale (kappa estimates for an individual item are considered important so that PEDro users can critically appraise the reproducibility of each item from the PEDro Scale); 2) intraclass correlation coefficient type 1,1 (ICC1,1) 6 and its 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) for the total PEDro score and to determine parallel-form reproducibility; 3) standard error of measurement (SEM) was calculated by dividing the standard deviation of the difference in the total PEDro scores by the square root of two 5.
The mean total PEDro score for the 50 reports of trials was 3.5 (SD = 1.4; range 1-7), indicating that the majority of the reports were of low methodological quality. Five of the PEDro Scale item were clearly satisfied in only 10% (or less) of the reports (Table 1). No PEDro Scale item was clearly satisfied in 90% (or more) of the reports.
"Moderate" to "almost perfect" 7 test-retest reproducibility was obtained for individual PEDro Scale itens assessed using the Brazilian Portuguese version of the PEDro Scale (Table 1). Kappa values of items 2, 5 and 6 were greater than 0.80 and these criteria were classified as having "almost perfect" 6 reliability. Kappa values of items 3, 7, 9, 10 and 11 ranged between 0.61 and 0.80 and these criteria were classified as having "substantial" reliability. Items 1, 4 and 8 were classified as having "moderate" reliability (kappa values between 0.41 and 0.60). In contrast, in the test-retest reliability of the English version of the PEDro Scale, three items were classified as having "moderate" reliability and eight items as having "substantial" reliability 1.
The test-retest reproducibility of the total PEDro score generated using the Brazilian Portuguese version was classified as "excellent", with an ICC1,1 of 0.82 (95%CI: 0.70-0.89). This is greater than the value of 0.68 (95%CI: 0.57-0.76) contained for the English version of the PEDro Scale 1.
The SEM was 0.58 for the total PEDro score. This was classified as "good" agreement.
The parallel-form reproducibility between the Portuguese and English versions of the PEDro Scale was classified as "excellent". The ICC1,1 of the English version compared to the first Brazilian Portuguese set was 0.78 (95%CI: 0.67-0.86). The sensitivity analysis using the second set of Portuguese ratings yielded similar results with an ICC1,1 of 0.75 (95%CI: 0.59-0.85).
It was observed that the Brazilian Portuguese PEDro Scale has good reproducibility. Parallel-form reproducibility between the Portuguese and English versions of the PEDro Scale is excellent. As only orthographical differences between the Portuguese (Portugal) version of the PEDro Scale were made to create the Brazilian Portuguese version, the reproducibility estimates obtained can be applied to both Portuguese versions of the PEDro Scale.
The reliability estimates of individual itens of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the PEDro Scale were found to be similar to the estimates obtained by a previous study that tested the reliability of the English version of the scale 1. Although it is interesting to note that kappa estimates were slightly higher for the Brazilian scale (Table 1), the factors involved in this comparison are complex and any such conclusion should be treated with caution because different RCTs were evaluated.
The reliability estimates of the total PEDro score of the English PEDro Scale (ICC = 0.68) 1 and Portuguese version (0.82) were similar. The SEM of the Portuguese version of the PEDro Scale reflects a low absolute measurement error. The "excellent" parallel-form of reproducibility between the Portuguese and English versions of the PEDro Scale (ICC = 0.78) suggest that either version may be used to generate PEDro ratings.
An important incidental finding of this study is the low methodological quality and the poor statistical reporting found in the reports that were assessed. The mean total PEDro score of reports in Portuguese was lower than that recorded by a study describing the quality of 3,120 reports of RCTs relevant to physiotherapy 8. Perhaps a review of journal editorial policies, together with training provision for authors and reviewers, is required to bridge this gap in reports of RCTs written in Portuguese.
In conclusion, the scores obtained using the Brazilian Portuguese version of the PEDro Scale are similar to those achieved using the original English version. It is now possible for Portuguese speakers that are not proficient in English to use the PEDro Scale to critically appraise the methodological quality and statistical reporting of reports of RCTs.
L. O. P. Costa participated in the definition and management of data collection, statistical analysis and in drafting of this article. S. R. Shiwa, A. D. Lopes, L. C. M. Costa, A. Moseley, L. C. Hespanhol Junior e T. O. Sato collaborated in defining the study, data collection and drafting of this article. R. Venâncio e C. Ruggero contributed to defining the study, data collection and final revision of the manuscript.
We are grateful for the financial support provided for this study by FAPESP.
1. Maher CG, Sherrington C, Herbert RD, Moseley AM, Elkins M. Reliability of the PEDro scale for rating quality of randomized controlled trials. Phys Ther 2003; 83:713-21. [ Links ]
2. Michaleff ZA, Costa LOP, Moseley AM, Maher CG, Elkins MR, Herbert RD, et al. CENTRAL, PEDro, PubMed, and EMBASE are the most comprehensive databases indexing randomized controlled trials of physical therapy interventions. Phys Ther 2011; 91:190-7. [ Links ]
3. Costa C. Portuguese adaptation of the PEDro scale. Lisboa: Universidade Técnica de Lisboa; 2011. [ Links ]
4. Beaton DE, Bombardier C, Guillemin F, Ferraz MB. Guidelines for the process of cross-cultural adaptation of self-report measures. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2000; 25:3186-91. [ Links ]
5. Terwee CB, Bot SD, de Boer MR, van der Windt DA, Knol DL, Dekker J, et al. Quality criteria were proposed for measurement properties of health status questionnaires. J Clin Epidemiol 2007; 60:34-42. [ Links ]
6. Krebs DE. Declare your ICC type. Phys Ther 1986; 66:1431. [ Links ]
7. Landis JR, Koch GG. The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics 1977; 33:159-74. [ Links ]
8. Costa LO, Moseley AM, Sherrington C, Maher CG, Herbert RD, Elkins MR. Core journals that publish clinical trials of physical therapy interventions. Phys Ther 2010; 90:1631-40. [ Links ]
L. O. P. Costa
Universidade Cidade de São Paulo.
Rua Cesário Galeno 448,
São Paulo, SP 03071-000, Brazil.
lcos3060@gmail.com
Submitted on 17/Feb/2011
Final version resubmitted on 28/Jun/2011
Approved on 06/Jul/2011
Rua Leopoldo Bulhões, 1480
21041-210 Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
Tel.:+55 21 2598-2511
Fax: +55 21 2598-2737 / +55 21 2598-2514
cadernos@ensp.fiocruz.br
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Jackie van Beek’s “Uphill” will screen as one of 7 films at the REGARD International Film Festival this March
A selection of New Zealand short films will screen at the prestigious REGARD International Film Festival in Saguenay, Canada this month. Gina Dellabarca, director of Show Me Shorts Film Festival, will attend as a special guest of the festival and present the selection of seven short films she has curated.
REGARD is considered one of the top five film festivals in Canada. This is the 19th edition of REGARD, which runs from 11-15 March. Dellabarca will introduce the New Zealand short films screening in a special section of the programme called Carte Blanche on 13 March.
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You are here: Home Page > Social Sciences > Economics > Fed Power
Fed Power
How Finance Wins
Lawrence Jacobs and Desmond King
Hard-hitting critique of the Fed's outsized role in American politics and life
Shows how the Fed brazenly benefited the one percent at the expense of Main Street businesses and families during the 2008 financial crisis--and with very little criticism from elites in government and the media
Outlines the major reforms that the Fed needs if it is to establish a reputation for being impartial and accountable
Compares the Fed to central banks in other countries to show just how biased towards big finance it really is
The Federal Reserve, created nearly a century ago, is the most powerful central bank in the world. The Fed's power, which derives from its ability to alter the money supply and move interest rates, weighs heavily not only on the US economy, but on the world economy as well. Not surprisingly, most scholarship on the Fed has focused on its economic role; however, the Fed's power isn't merely economic but is also political. Since its decisions benefit some economic sectors (and hence interest groups) and not others, it effectively makes political choices when shaping economic policy.
Lawrence R. Jacobs and Desmond King's Fed Power is the first sustained synthesis of the Fed's political role-especially the way in which it uses its power to benefit some interest groups and not others-since the 2008 financial crisis. The book closely examines the Fed's unilateral actions during the 2008-2009 financial crisis when it leveraged half of the country's net worth without a congressional vote or presidential authorization. While the country was spared a second depression, the Fed's actions doled out lopsided benefits to finance. The Fed's favoritism and unprecedented assertions of power provoked public unease and a bipartisan congressional backlash to restrain it. Fed Power concludes with bold proposals to reform America's financial management to prevent future crises and to restore democratic accountability. A powerful critique of how the Federal Reserve governs the American economy, Fed Power will be essential reading for anyone interested in how inequality has increased since 2009, even throughout a liberal presidency committed to reducing inequality.
Chapter 1: Why Fed Power Matters
Chapter 2: The Rise of the Fed State
Chapter 3: Concealed Advantage
Chapter 4: The Fed's Legitimacy Gap
Chapter 5: Preparing for the Next Financial Crisis
Lawrence R. Jacobs is Walter F. and Joan Mondale Chair for Political Studies at the Humphrey School for Public Affairs, the University of Minnesota, and co-author of both Health Care Reform and American Politics (Oxford) and Class War? (Chicago).
Desmond King is Andrew W. Mellon Professor of American Government at Oxford University and author of Making Americans (Harvard), as well as co-author of Still a House Divided (Princeton).
"[A] careful argument for balancing sound financial management and the public interest." --Kirkus Reviews
"[A] groundbreaking book...Fed Power represents a vibrant form of 21st century financial populism and a vital intervention in our political and social debates." --The Huffington Post
"[Jacobs and King] use the tools of political science to examine the Federal Reserve as an institution... [and] argue that the democratic accountability of the Federal Reserve has suffered because of the bailouts. And it's completely true that the Federal Reserve pushed their powers beyond what anyone had expected... There is a lot to be impressed with in this book." --The American Prospect
"A welcome demonstration that grounded academic work can be entertaining as well as informative. Lawrence Jacobs and Desmond King, political scientists from the universities of Minnesota and Oxford respectively, live up to their claim to 'jettison the all-too-common hermetic language of academia in favor of candor and directness'... A book that is engaging throughout and generally persuasive in its principal thesis that the Fed is a politically loaded institution that drives rising inequality." --The Financial Times, Philip Augar
"Jacobs and King bring a political economy perspective to the debate... Recommended."--Choice Reviews
The Unsustainable American State
IB Economics Print and Online Course Book Pack
Ian Dorton and Jocelyn Blink
Congress and the Media
C. Danielle Vinson
The Political Economy of European Banking Union
David Howarth and Lucia Quaglia
The Economics of Consumption
Tullio Jappelli and Luigi Pistaferri
The Politics of Economic Activity
Andy Smith
The Power of Race in Cuba
Danielle Pilar Clealand
How Change Happens
Duncan Green
The Power Surge
Michael Levi
The Oxford Encyclopedia of Empirical International Relations Theory
William R. Thompson
Fiscal Therapy
William G. Gale
Simply Rational
Gerd Gigerenzer
The New Minority
Justin Gest
Social Sciences > Economics
Social Sciences > Politics > Political Economy
Social Sciences > Politics > Political Institutions
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Home / News / Fran Smith and Ross Gourley take 2017 School Games singles titles
Fran Smith and Ross Gourley take 2017 School Games singles titles
Fran Smith took the headlines at this year’s School Games wheelchair tennis tournament at Loughborough University with a double gold for Wales, with England and Ulster winning the titles in boys events.
18-year-old Smith took both the Girls Singles and Doubles titles on what was her debut at the event. Smith defeated England’s Abbie Breakwell in the Girls Singles final, coming back from losing the first set to win gold with an 11-9 win in a deciding tie-break. Ruby Bishop of England claimed the bronze medal. In the Girls Doubles final, Smith partnered compatriot Lilly Folland to claim a second gold for Wales, with England taking the other podium places through Bishop and Martha Harris (silver) and Breakwell and Megan Bradley (bronze).
Ulster’s Ross Gourley took the Boys Singles title, beating England’s Alex Chaston in the final 4-2, 4-0, with local favourite Dahnon Ward taking the bronze for England. Ward had further success in the doubles as he partnered George Davies to claim the Boys Doubles title with a straight sets win (4-1, 4-1), with Gourley and Nathan McCabe winning silver and England’s Chaston and Ben Bartram completing the podium.
The 2017 School Games Fair Play award for wheelchair tennis went to England’s Zak Corbishley – a standout achievement in a competition that saw fair play and . Corbishley had also been selected to perform the honour of reading the athletes oath at the Opening Ceremony on behalf of all 1,600 competitors in the multi-sport competition. Corbishley was joined on stage by three fellow wheelchair tennis players to deliver his lines in front of 1,600 fellow athletes, as well as volunteers, coaches and officials, with the whole event also being streamed online.
The School Games are a national multi-sport event for the UK’s most talented school-age athletes. Athletes from across the UK are competing in 12 sports, including wheelchair tennis. The School Games have provided a springboard for many of today’s biggest names in sport, with previous competitors include Paralympic champions Hannah Cockroft, Ellie Simmonds and Jonnie Peacock, Olympic champion Adam Peaty, heptathlete Katarina Johnson-Thompson and GB sprinter Adam Gemili.
Here’s our #2017SG medalists from the wheelchair tennis! @TennisFndation pic.twitter.com/jqIhYT9P4x
— School Games (@_SchoolGames) September 3, 2017
Organised by the Youth Sport Trust, the four-day event is supported by National Lottery funding from Sport England. The event aims to replicate the experience of a major sporting event such as the Olympic and Paralympic Games with an athletes’ village and a full education programme that gives the competing athletes a unique insight into the world of elite sport.
The wheelchair tennis tournament at the School Games is managed by the Tennis Foundation, Great Britain’s leading tennis charity which aims to make tennis a sport with is inclusive and accessible to all, making it possible for them to enjoy the many health and social benefits of the sport while maximising their personal potential.
If you are interested in giving wheelchair tennis – or any other form of disability tennis – a go get in touch with us via info@tennisfoundation.org.uk!
Posted in Events, School Games, schools tennis, wheelchair tennis
Asif Abbasi wins third Roma Sport National Wheelchair Tennis Series at Lee Valley
Lapthorne and Shuker lift US Open USTA Championships Super Series titles
TEAM GBR Tennis leave Taipei with 2 medals
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William Fleming1
M, #17721, b. before 1537, d. 1598
Last Edited=17 Apr 2019
William Fleming was born before 1537 at Rydal, Cumberland, EnglandG.2 He was the son of Anthony Fleming and Joan Huddlestone.2 He died in 1598.2
He lived at Rydal, Westmorland, EnglandG.1
Children of William Fleming
Daniel Fleming+
John Fleming+
Eleanor Fleming+1 b. c 1568
[S125] Richard Glanville-Brown, online <e-mail address>, Richard Glanville-Brown (RR 2, Milton, Ontario, Canada), downloaded 17 August 2005.
Sir Richard Fletcher1,2
M, #17722, d. between 1630 and 1637
Sir Richard Fletcher was the son of Thomas Fletcher and Jane Boleen.2 He married, secondly, Barbara Crackanthorpe, daughter of Henry Crackanthorpe.3 He married, firstly, unknown Richmond.2 He died between 1630 and 1637.4
He lived at Hutton-in-le-Forest, Cumberland, EnglandG.2 He lived at Cockermouth, Cumberland, EnglandG.2 He lived at Cleahall, Cumberland, EnglandG.3 He had three children by his first wife, all unmarried.2
Children of Sir Richard Fletcher and Barbara Crackanthorpe
Mary Fletcher+2
Sir Henry Fletcher, 1st Bt.+4 d. 24 Sep 1645
[S15] George Edward Cokayne, editor, The Complete Baronetage, 5 volumes (no date (c. 1900); reprint, Gloucester, U.K.: Alan Sutton Publishing, 1983), volume V, page 219, says 'John Fletcher'. Hereinafter cited as The Complete Baronetage.
[S15] George Edward Cokayne, The Complete Baronetage, volume V, page 219.
[S15] George Edward Cokayne, The Complete Baronetage, volume II, page 83.
Mary Lawson1
F, #17723
Mary Lawson is the daughter of Godfrey Lawson.1 She married Ralph Lowther, son of Sir John Lowther, 1st Bt. and Elizabeth Hare.1
Her married name became Lowther.1
Mary Withins1
Mary Withins is the daughter of William Withins.1 She married Colonel John Lowther, son of Sir John Lowther, 1st Bt. and Mary Fletcher.1
Child of Mary Withins and Colonel John Lowther
William Lowther1
Sir Henry Frederick Thynne, 1st Bt.1
M, #17725, b. 1 March 1615, d. 6 March 1679/80
Sir Henry Frederick Thynne, 1st Bt. was born on 1 March 1615.2 He was the son of Sir Thomas Thynne and Catherine Lyte.2 He married Hon. Mary Coventry, daughter of Thomas Coventry, 1st Baron Coventry of Aylesborough and Elizabeth Aldersey.2 He died on 6 March 1679/80 at age 65.3
He was created 1st Baronet Thynne, of Kempsford, co. Gloucester [England] on 15 July 1641.1,2 He lived at Kempsford, Gloucestershire, EnglandG.1 He lived at Caus Castle, Shropshire, EnglandG.1
Children of Sir Henry Frederick Thynne, 1st Bt. and Hon. Mary Coventry
Katherine Thynne+ d. a 25 Jun 1713
Mary Thynne4
Thomas Thynne, 1st Viscount Weymouth+1 b. 1640, d. 28 Jul 1714
James Thynne3 b. a 1641, d. 15 Mar 1708/9
Henry Frederick Thynne+3 b. a 1642, d. 1705
[S6] G.E. Cokayne; with Vicary Gibbs, H.A. Doubleday, Geoffrey H. White, Duncan Warrand and Lord Howard de Walden, editors, The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant, Extinct or Dormant, new ed., 13 volumes in 14 (1910-1959; reprint in 6 volumes, Gloucester, U.K.: Alan Sutton Publishing, 2000), volume XII/2, page 585. Hereinafter cited as The Complete Peerage.
[S8] BP1999 volume 1, page 212. See link for full details for this source. Hereinafter cited as. [S8]
[S6] Cokayne, and others, The Complete Peerage, volume XII/2, page 586.
M, #17726
William Lowther was the son of Colonel John Lowther and Mary Withins.1 He died, unmarried.1
He held the office of Member of Parliament (M.P.) for Carlisle.1
William Withins1
William Withins lived at Eltham, Kent, EnglandG.1
Child of William Withins
Mary Withins+1
Sir John Hare1
M, #17728, d. 1638
Sir John Hare married Hon. Elizabeth Coventry, daughter of Thomas Coventry, 1st Baron Coventry of Aylesborough and Sarah Sebright.2 He died in 1638.
He was appointed Knight in 1617.3 He was appointed Knight on 4 December 1617 at Newmarket, Cambridgeshire, EnglandG.4 He lived at Stow Bardolph, Norfolk, EnglandG.1
Children of Sir John Hare and Hon. Elizabeth Coventry
Elizabeth Hare+1 d. b 21 Oct 1699
Sir Ralph Hare, 1st Bt.+3 d. 12 Jul 1671
John Hare3
Nicholas Hare3
Anne Hare3
Sarah Hare+5 b. b 1639
[S15] George Edward Cokayne, editor, The Complete Baronetage, 5 volumes (no date (c. 1900); reprint, Gloucester, U.K.: Alan Sutton Publishing, 1983), volume III, page 94. Hereinafter cited as The Complete Baronetage.
[S229] Burke John and John Bernard Burke, A Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Extinct and Dormant Baronetcies of England (1841, reprint; Baltimore, Maryland, USA: Genealogical Publishing Company, 1985), page 244. Hereinafter cited as Extinct and Dormant Baronetcies of England.
Catherine Elizabeth Summerhayes1
F, #17729, b. 4 February 1976
Last Edited=4 Sep 2003
Catherine Elizabeth Summerhayes was born on 4 February 1976.1 She is the daughter of Peter James Summerhayes and Alice Mary Young.1
Christina Mary Summerhayes1
Christina Mary Summerhayes was born on 4 February 1976.1 She is the daughter of Peter James Summerhayes and Alice Mary Young.1
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Hon. Richard H. DuBois See Rating Details
Attorney Average Rating: 3.8 - 3 rating(s)
What others have said about Hon. Richard H. DuBois
Litigant
Malicious prosecution during the plandemic lock down includes Domestic Violence restraining order filed by the DA with false statements. The other party doesn't understand the process and only able to write with broken English but the statement was so great like legal professional.
THe TRO granted as credible information and hearing set within 3 weeks but the police CLETS record made as permanent that will last 3 years. On hearing date, the judge did not know if respond was filed and so ready to order to make permanent. When I reminded that respond was filed, took the documents into the back to read for 5 minutes and said "The DVRO is not related to the criminal prosecution" . The prosecution is filed with falsified documents and the court acting with abuse that many judges knew about it.
The judge did not allow me to question the petitioner and interrupted all the time. The attorney from the organization contracted with the county referred to the criminal protection order got agreement from the judge.
This San Mateo County is a criminal organization operating with threat of violence become clear day after day. The judge kept saying "You made two phone calls. That violated the court order" that I told the judge to prosecute me with contempt if there is any crime to prove if the criminal prosecution is legitimate. Their contract with the CORA is to generate revenue for the organization by granting all DVRO requests that I made declaration on record that the court shall postpone every proceeding unless the proceedings in the open court with ability to deliver fair and impartial justice.
The judge do not have dignity is proved that the accusation of bias and prejudice for the ignorance and secret proceeding behind closed doors, he continued without defendant to issue the orders.
The judges are so used to the submission and praise by the lawyers that I never heard any "Objection". Everyone turned their head to look at me like an alien on the first arraignment and the commissioner issued CPO without consent. I just said "I do not consent to this court and you do not have the authority to issue any order".
The judge Bois seem to be a good person with dignity when the attorneys are dealing in court but if someone shows up without paying the boys club to submit to them, their true color shows up to be the worse evils.
People need to stay out of this county and avoid these judges. They don't care about right or wrong since there is no dignity to maintain.9Gxb
View Detail Send e-mail to this poster 1/1/2021 9:43:40 PM
Judge DuBois refused to read important document and refused to admit his mistakes. If he is too old to justify the cases, he should retire.
View Detail Send e-mail to this poster 9/11/2020 1:37:46 PM
He must be removed from the bench, I was defrauded by Attorney [Redacted] a witbhim involved, he repeatedly kept harming me in a divorce. Created with another attorney a domestic violence gun TRO then tried to cover it up. Big cover up case for years, evil runs this County. No one is an authority in the State or County, State Bar organized crime. s still fighting back from 2004
He was my family court judge. I'll make this short because I don't want to think back to that time. He was unprepared - didn't know the case at all. He favored the opposing counsel, refused to hold my ex in contempt after disobeying the his orders on 3 separate occasions, allowed my ex to do the majority of the forensic accounting in the case., just to name a few. Oh, you wouldn't believe. Oh, this was 15 years ago. I still feel robbed.
Judge DuBois was in communication on first name basis with the opponents attorney, and some of the communication took place w/o my lawyer being on copy - I am not a legal expert, but I understand that this is not appropriate. I am also not certain that a judge should take cases where he has a 'golf playing relationship' with one of the involved lawyers - again, I am not an expert, but it does not seem right. He used one for one the write up from the opponents attorney with all of the mistakes ($$ and dates) that person had made and was unwilling to correct them once this was brought to his attention. He held me responsible to the wrong standard of proof and - once I started to appeal formally, the other side was suddenly very agreeable.
Other than that, he was great ...???
DuBois was the puppet of opposing counsel, and when I appealed his biased ruling, he made sure I suffered.
In what universe does a FL judge appoint a FL attorney (from the same swamp) as a visitation supervisor in a domestic violence case on which he is ruling?
Comment #: CA6775
One of the worst family law judges in San Mateo County - most litigants were dismayed that he was made a judge since had so many complaints as a commissioner
This is the judge you may wish to be before. He will listen to all reasonable arguments with patience and understanding. He gives litigants their "day in court" to the fullest extent possible. One of the best judges on the San Mateo County bench.
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A politics and policy blog
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Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the US – Latest State Updates – May 28, 2020
Posted on May 28, 2020 By David Quam and Crawford G. Schneider
Categories: Dentons 50
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Click here to download 50-state map (PDF)
As of May 28th
Gov. Kemp held a press conference today at 4 p.m. The Governor will be extending the State of Emergency for a third time through July 12. Summer camps and schools can start May 31. Shelter in place for 65+ continues through June 12. From June 1, gatherings can have up to 25 people, 6 feet apart. Live entertainment venues will still be closed. Bars and nightclubs can open June 1 with many restrictions e.g. 35% total occupancy limit. Amusement parks can open June 12. Pro Sports can reopen June 1 if they are in compliance with their respective leagues.
Daily State Public Health Stats:
As of 9:00 a.m. today, Georgia has 44,932 confirmed cases as compared to 44,638 at 7:00 p.m. Wednesday, with 7,746 hospitalized patients as compared to 7,745 at 7:00 p.m. Wednesday, and 1,957 deaths as compared to 1,933 at 7:00 p.m. Wednesday. Over 523,000 tests have been administered.
The Metro Atlanta region lost 293,800 jobs in April, leading to a record 12.7% unemployment rate. The State unemployment rate was 11.9% and the national unemployment rate was 14.7. Employment in the region in April was 400,626 below the level of a year earlier.
Hartsfield Jackson Airport manager John Selden told the Atlanta City Council it could take 2-5 years for the Airport to fully rebound from COVID-19.
Governor Kelly has reissued several Executive Orders following her new emergency declaration. Those EOs can be found by clicking here.
The Governor of the State of Texas has issued an Proclamation expanding the enumerated list of covered services in Executive Order GA-23, including opening up waterparks, recreational sports, and food-court dining areas in malls.
The Wisconsin Department of Health Services and the Wisconsin Hospital Association released updated numbers on Wednesday:
413 Current Hospital Admissions (139 patients in ICU)
The total number of hospital admissions reported decreased by 9 on Wednesday (-9) to 413, down from 422 reported on Tuesday.
-5 in SE WI, -4 in NW WI and -3 NE WI and +2 SC WI and +1 Western WI
The total number of ICU patients reported increased by 4 on Wednesday (+4) to 139 patients, up from 135 reported on Tuesday.
+7 in SE WI, +2 in SC WI, +1 Fox Valley and -5 NE WI and -1 NW WI
Cumulatively there have been 16,462 positive tests and 210,605 negative tests in Wisconsin:
There were 599 positive test results reported on Wednesday on 10,330 tests (5.8% positive rate).
Deaths from COVID-19 now total 539 in Wisconsin.
There were 22 deaths reported on Wednesday
9,405 patients who have tested positive for COVID-19 and are listed as having recovered (59%), 5,940 cases are still considered active (3%) and 517 patients have died (3%). (last updated by DHS on 5/26)
Wisconsin Hospital Association (WHA) COVID-19 Situational Awareness Update site
DHS COVID-19: County Data; https://www.dhs.wisconsin.gov/covid-19/county.htm
Wednesday Media Briefing
Wisconsin Governor Tony Evers, Department of Health Services (DHS) Secretary-designee Andrea Palm, DHS Chief Medical Officer Dr. Ryan Westergaard, and Ryan Nilsestuen, Chief Legal Counsel held a briefing for the media today.
Governor Evers stressed in his opening remarks the importance of wearing a mask in public, especially when it is not possible to socially distance. The Governor said that he wears a mask while coming and going to the State Capitol, and that masks shouldn’t be a political statement.
Secretary-designee Palm in her opening remarks said that DHS is launching a new public awareness campaign with the message, “If you need a test, get a test” and encouraged people with any symptoms to get tested.
It was noted in the update that two new records were set; 599 positive cases (but 5.8% positive rate remained relatively stagnant) and the number of tests conducted in one day exceeded 10,000 for the first time.
Media questions of note:
Governor Evers was asked if he would be mandating that the public wear masks, and he said, noted the Supreme Court decision doesn’t allow for them to do that and is instead encouraging people to wear masks when they are out in public.
Governor Evers responded when asked about a lawmaker’s statement regarding some state employees who are not able to work from home and but are being paid to stay home, that he believes zero state employees are being paid to stay home and not work.
Secretary Palm said that she can’t say at this point whether new cases or the uptick in hospitalizations are tied to the Safer-At-Home restrictions being repealed two weeks, but the state will continue to monitor data.
The media briefing can be viewed here.
Gov. Evers Announces $200 Million “Routes to Recovery: Local Government Aid Grants” Program
Gov. Tony Evers today announced the launch of the “Routes to Recovery: Local Government Aid Grants” program, a $200 million effort aimed at helping local leaders address some of their most urgent and unique COVID-19 recovery needs. Administered by the Wisconsin Department of Administration (DOA), Routes to Recovery Grants will be allocated to every Wisconsin county, city, village, town and federally recognized tribe.
The effort is funded by $200 million in federal Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act dollars and will be administered by the DOA. Of the $200 million, $10 million will be allocated to Wisconsin’s tribal nations, with the remaining funds being distributed to every Wisconsin county, city, village and town.
Routes to Recovery Grants for Wisconsin counties, cities, villages and towns will provide reimbursements for unbudgeted expenditures incurred this year because of the COVID-19 pandemic, in the following categories:
Emergency operations activities, including those related to public health, emergency services, and public safety response
Purchases of personal protective equipment
Cleaning/sanitizing supplies and services, including those related to elections administration
Temporary isolation housing for infected or at-risk individuals
Testing and contact tracing costs above those covered by existing State programs
FMLA and sick leave for public health and safety employees to take COVID-19 precautions
Meeting local match requirements for expenses submitted for reimbursement by FEMA, to the extent allowed by federal law
The determination of a local government’s Routes to Recovery Grant amount is a formula based on the jurisdiction’s population, as well as the priority of providing Wisconsin’s units of local government no less than $5,000, regardless of size of the population.
Link to press release.
Senate Committee on Labor and Regulatory Reform informational hearing on UI
The Senate Committee on Labor and Regulatory Reform, chaired by Sen. Steve Nass (R-Whitewater) held an informational hearing on Unemployment Insurance during the COVID-19 pandemic. Among those who testified at the hearing were Department of Workforce Development Secretary Caleb Frostman. According to Chairman Nass today’s hearing will be one of many that will occur over the next several months on the UI program.
Link to WisEye.
Following the hearing several committee members released statements on the status of the UI backlog;
Sen. Van Wanggaard (R-Racine) released the following statement:
“I appreciate Secretary Caleb Frostman and the other experts testifying today about the problems in the unemployment system,” said Senator Van Wanggaard (R-Racine). “The information we received was at times sobering and completely unacceptable, but it’s important that the information be publicized.”
Besides the unemployment claim backlog lasting for another 3-5 months, other discoveries at the committee hearing included:
The Department of Workforce Development unapologetic refusal to expand call center hours beyond 7am to 5pm
An apparent complete lack of communication between Governor Evers’ office and the Department of Workforce Development;
The Department of Workforce Development doing virtually nothing to prepare for the inevitable rise in unemployment benefits prior to Governor Evers’ “Safer-at-Home” order, and reacting slowly to add staffing capabilities;
The Department of Workforce Development stating they didn’t begin programming to administer the supplemental 13-weeks of unemployment payment prior to a couple of days ago;
“I’ve been saying it for weeks. People need help now. Not weeks or months from now. They need it today, now.” said Wanggaard. “Not clearing the unemployment backlog until August or October is completely unacceptable. How is anyone supposed to last that long without any income?”
Sen. Janis Ringhand (D-) released the following statement:
“Lowering protections for Wisconsin workers was a theme of the Walker administration.
The Republican legislature’s effort to make it more difficult for laid-off workers to navigate the Unemployment system has really been exposed by the COVID-19 pandemic.”
When Scott Walker lost, the Republicans quickly convened a lame-duck session to limit Governor Evers’ power, including a prohibition preventing him from loosening Unemployment Insurance eligibility rules.
“The Republican plan is working exactly as expected. There are now more trip wires for workers to jump over in order to get Unemployment. As a result, it is taking some people longer to get their benefits.”
DWD Secretary Caleb Frostman issued the following statement on Wisconsin beginning to issue PUA payments:
Due to PUA being a brand-new federal program and in order to ensure accurate payments, DWD conducted additional testing prior to deployment. While understanding the potential impacts of a minor delay in deployment, -we felt it prudent and responsible to prevent any widespread issues that could cause even greater delays and hardship. We understand many claimants have been patiently waiting for PUA. Please know that DWD is committed to paying out eligible benefits as fast as possible.
It is important to note that PUA is not like our normal UI process, so it takes much longer to process an application. Most claimants have probably heard all about our antiquated, inflexible base benefits system, but it is important to explain how it affects our payment of PUA: When you apply and enter all of your information in the online portal, our staff has to take the information you enter and then manually enter it into our benefits system. Then we can begin processing your application, which involves a DWD staffer manually assessing your PUA eligibility, reviewing your 2019 income, and creating your new PUA monetary and weekly benefit rate. Once your application is fully processed, your dashboard will be updated with “Your PUA application has been processed…” and present a link to file PUA weekly claims.
We have received over 80,000 PUA applications since April 21. Now that our PUA platform is deployed, we have staff dedicated to processing these determinations and will continue to onboard more over the coming weeks. It will take some time, but please know we are working to process your application and send out eligible benefits as quickly as possible.
Updated Charts
Daily Numbers:
Cumulative Numbers:
Pa. House narrowly passes short-term budget with no tax increases
Redistricting will be the definitive political fight of 2021 in Pennsylvania. Here’s how it’ll work.
House GOP focuses on ways to kickstart the economy to make Pa. the ‘envy of the East’
Incoming Office of Open Records director looks forward to advancing its transparency mission
Time for Ga., nation to rediscover ties that bind
US Policy Scan 2021
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Mac DeMarco, Jessy Lanza, Owen Pallett Contribute to 'Ever New' Charity Compilation
The CanCon comp also features Chad VanGaalen, Ryan Hemsworth, LAL, Luna Li, Zoon and more
A host of Canadian artists have contributed original music and covers to a new compilation in support of Black, Indigenous and LGBTQ2S charities.
The 32-track Ever New is available to stream and purchase through Bandcamp, and features tracks from Mac DeMarco, Jessy Lanza, Ryan Hemsworth, Yves Jarvis, Chad VanGaalen, Harrison, LAL, Sarah Davachi, Luna Li, Badge Époque Ensemble, FRIGS, Zoon, nêhiyawak's Matthew Cardinal and more.
Ever New takes its name from composer Beverly Glenn-Copeland's 1986 song of the same title, with a cover of that tune from the Head (Joseph Shabason and Thom Gill) leading off the comp.
The listen is bookended by a cover of Glenn-Copeland's "DL4" by Jennifer Castle, while Ever New also finds Owen Pallett covering Nick Drake, Lydia Ainsworth covering Chic, Chastity covering the Tragically Hip, Tess Roby covering Moon King and Cindy Lee covering Jandek.
Exclusively available through Bandcamp, 100 precent of Ever New sales proceeds will go to Black Health Alliance, Indspire and The 519. Find a tracklist below, ahead of streaming and purchasing the complete compilation here.
Ever New was curated by Max Mertens and Sarah Mackenzie, while its stunning artwork comes courtesy of Alex Sheriff. Technical support was provided by Adam Hodgins and LANDR.
Ever New:
1. The Head (Joseph Shabason & Thom Gill) - "Ever New" (Beverly Glenn-Copeland Cover)
2. Tess Roby - "Just a Minute" (Moon King Cover)
3. Cedric Noel - "Follow You Wanna (Accordion Version)"
4. Owen Pallett - "River Man" (Nick Drake Cover)
5. Mac DeMarco - "Waiting"
6. Luna Li - "Why Do I Feel"
7. Ryan Hemsworth - "Nashville"
8. Russell Louder - "Head Over Heels" (Tears For Fears Cover)
9. James Baley - "Slow Down Radio"
10. Harrison - "Inter"
11. New Fries - "Airwave (New Chance Remix)"
12. Lydia Ainsworth - "Good Times" (Chic Cover)
13. Jessy Lanza & Elle Barbara - "Don't Walk Away (Boy)"
14. Prince Josh - "Jab Molassie"
15. Quinton Barnes - "Switch"
16. Casey MQ - "So Long and Good Night"
17. Actualized - "dink!"
18. LAL - "Look Who's In Power"
19. Ouri - "Fonction Naturelle"
20. Matthew Cardinal - "Nightingale"
21. Sarah Davachi - "Live at Western Front"
22. Joni Void - "Non-Locality"
23. LA Timpa - "Look at the Afternoon Gone"
24. Cindy Lee - "Nancy Sings" (Jandek Cover)
25. Alex Zhang Hungtai - "Open Country"
26. Chad VanGaalen - "Keep Smiling"
27. Zoon - "Move"
28. Badge Époque Ensemble - "Theme 09/26/18"
29. FRIGS - "Gail & Disco"
30. Chastity - "Now The Struggle Has a Name" (The Tragically Hip Cover)
31. Yves Jarvis - "All The Way Home"
32. Jennifer Castle - "DL4" (Beverly Glenn-Copeland Cover)
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Nara, Nara
Nara (奈良市, Nara-shi, Japanese: [naꜜɾa]) is the capital city of Nara Prefecture located in the Kansai region of Japan. The city occupies the northern part of Nara Prefecture, bordering Kyoto Prefecture. Eight temples, shrines, and ruins in Nara remain: specifically Tōdai-ji, Saidai-ji, Kōfuku-ji, Kasuga Shrine, Gangō-ji, Yakushi-ji, Tōshōdai-ji, and the Heijō Palace, together with Kasugayama Primeval Forest, collectively form "Historic Monuments of Ancient Nara", a UNESCO World Heritage Site. During the Nara period, Nara was the capital of Japan, and the Emperor lived there before moving the capital to Kyoto.
For other uses, see Nara.
Core city
Nara City
From top left: Wakakusayama Mountain Burning, Great Buddha of Tōdai-ji, Yakushi-ji, Tōdai-ji, Kasuga Shrine and a deer in Nara Park
Location of Nara in Nara Prefecture
Location in Japan
Coordinates: 34°41′N 135°48′E
Gen Nakagawa
276.84 km2 (106.89 sq mi)
(April 1, 2017)
1,300/km2 (3,400/sq mi)
• Tree
Quercus gilva
• Flower
Nara yaezakura
• Bird
Japanese bush warbler
UTC+9 (JST)
City hall address
1-1-1 Nijō-ōji, Nara-shi, Nara-ken
www.city.nara.lg.jp
"Nara" in kanji
Historic Monuments of Ancient Nara
Tôdai-ji
Kôfuku-ji
Kasuga-Taisha and Kasugayama Primeval Forest
Gangô-ji
Yakushi-ji
Tôshôdai-ji
Nara Palace Site
Cultural: (ii)(iii)(iv)(vi)
1998 (22nd Session)
617 ha (1,520 acres)
1,962.5 ha (4,849 acres)
By the Heian period, a variety of different characters had been used to represent the name Nara: 乃楽, 乃羅, 平, 平城, 名良, 奈良, 奈羅, 常, 那良, 那楽, 那羅, 楢, 諾良, 諾楽, 寧, 寧楽 and 儺羅.
A number of theories for the origin of the name Nara have been proposed, and some of the better-known ones are listed here. The second theory in the list, by notable folklorist Kunio Yanagita (1875-1962), is most widely accepted at present.
The Nihon Shoki (The Chronicles of Japan, the second oldest book of classical Japanese history) suggests that "Nara" was derived from narasu (to flatten, to level). According to this account, in September in the tenth year of Emperor Sujin, "leading selected soldiers (the rebels) went forward, climbed Nara-yama (hills lying to the north of Heijō-kyō) and put them in order. Now the imperial forces gathered and flattened trees and plants. Therefore the mountain is called Nara-yama." Though the narrative itself is regarded as a folk etymology and few researchers regard it as historical, this is the oldest surviving suggestion, and is linguistically similar to the following theory by Yanagita.
"Flat land" theory (currently most widely accepted): In his 1936 study of placenames,[1] the author Kunio Yanagita states that "the topographical feature of an area of relatively gentle gradient on the side of a mountain, which is called taira in eastern Japan and hae in the south of Kyushu, is called naru in the Chūgoku region and Shikoku (central Japan). This word gives rise to the verb narasu, adverb narashi, and adjective narushi." This is supported by entries in a dialect dictionary[2] for nouns referring to flat areas: naru (found in Aida District, Okayama Prefecture and Ketaka District, Tottori Prefecture) and naro (found in Kōchi Prefecture); and also by an adjective narui which is not standard Japanese, but is found all across central Japan, with meanings of "gentle", "gently sloping", or "easy". Yanagita further comments that the way in which the fact that so many of these placenames are written using the character 平 ("flat"), or other characters in which it is an element, demonstrates the validity of this theory. Citing a 1795 document, Inaba-shi (因幡志) from the province of Inaba, the eastern part of modern Tottori, as indicating the reading naruji for the word 平地 (standard reading heichi, meaning "level/flat ground/land/country, a plain"), Yanagita suggests that naruji would have been used as a common noun there until the modern period. Of course, the fact that historically "Nara" was also written 平 or 平城 as above is further support for this theory.
The idea that Nara is derived from 楢 nara (Japanese for "oak, deciduous Quercus spp.") is the next most common opinion. This idea was suggested by a linguist, Yoshida Togo.[3] This noun for the plant can be seen as early as in Man'yōshū (7-8th century) and Harima-no-kuni Fudoki (715). The latter book states the place name Narahara in Harima (around present-day Kasai) derives from this nara tree, which might support Yoshida's theory. Note that the name of the nearby city of Kashihara (literally "live oak plain") contains a semantically similar morpheme (Japanese 橿 kashi "live oak, evergreen Quercus spp.").
Nara could be a loan word from Korean nara (나라 : country, nation, kingdom). This idea was put forward by a linguist Matsuoka Shizuo.[4] Not much about the Old Korean language is known today, and the first written attestation of a word ancestral to Modern Korean nara is as late as the 15th century, such as in Yongbieocheonga (1447),[5] Wolinseokbo (月印釋譜. 1459), or Beophwagyeongeonhae (法華經諺解. 1463),[6] and there is no evidence that proves the word already existed as far back as the 7th century. These 15th-century books used narah (나랗), an old form of nara in Korean, and its older form might be reconstructed *narak. American linguist Christopher I. Beckwith infers the Korean narak derives from the late Middle Old Chinese 壌 (*nrak, earth), from early *narak, and has no connection with Goguryoic and Japanese na.[7] (See also the next theory.) Kusuhara et al. also points out this hypothesis cannot account for the fact there are lots of places named Nara, Naru and Naro besides this Nara.[8]
There is the idea that Nara is akin to Tungusic na.[9] In some Tungusic languages such as Orok (and likely Goguryeo language), na means earth, land or the like. Some have speculated about a connection between these Tungusic words and Old Japanese nawi, an archaic and somewhat obscure word that appears in the verb phrases nawi furu and nawi yoru ('an earthquake occurs, to have an earthquake').[10]
The "Flat land" theory is adopted by Nihon Kokugo Daijiten (the largest dictionary of Japanese language), various dictionaries for place names,[8][11][12] history books on Nara[13] and the like today, and it is regarded as the most likely.
See also: Nara Prefecture § History, Nara period, and Heijō Palace
Pre-Nara/Origins
There are a number of kofun in Nara, including Gosashi Kofun, Hishiage Kofun (ヒシアゲ古墳), Horaisan Kofun (宝来山古墳), Konabe Kofun (コナベ古墳), Saki Ishizukayama Kofun (佐紀石塚山古墳), Saki Misasagiyama Kofun (佐紀陵山古墳), and Uwanabe Kofun (ウワナベ古墳).
By decree of an edict on March 11, 708 AD, Empress Genmei ordered the court to relocate to the new capital, Nara.[14] Once known as Heijō or Heijō-kyō, the city was established as Japan's first permanent capital in 710 CE; it was the seat of government until 784 CE, albeit with five year interruption, lasting from 741-5 CE.[14][15] Heijō, as the ‘penultimate court’, however, was abandoned by the order of Emperor Kammu in 784 CE in favor of the temporary site of Nagaoka, and then Heian-kyō (Kyoto) which retained the status of capital for 1,100 years, until the Meiji Emperor made the final move to Edo in 1869 CE.[16][15][17] This first relocation was due to the court's transformation from an imperial nobility to a force of metropolitan elites and new technique of dynastic shedding which had refashioned the relationship between court, nobility, and country.[16] Moreover, the ancient capital lent its name to Nara period.[15]
As a reactionary expression to the political centralization of China, the city of Nara (Heijō) was modeled after the Tang capital at Chang’an.[17] Nara was laid out on a grid—which was based upon the Handen system—whereby the city was divided by four great roads.[15] Likewise, according to Chinese cosmology, the ruler's place was fixed like the pole star. By dominating the capital, the ruler brought heaven to earth.[18] Thus, the south facing palace centered at the north, bisected the ancient city, instituting ‘Right Capital’ and ‘Left Capital’ zones.[16][18] As Nara came to be the epicenter of Buddhist church and drawing pilgrimage site, the city plan incorporated various pre-Heijō and Heijō period temples, of which the Yakushiji and the Todaiji still stand.[16][17]
A number of scholars have characterized the Nara period as a time of penal and administrative legal order.[19] The Taihō Code called for the establishment of administrative sects underneath the central government, and modeled many of the codes from the Chinese Tang dynasty.[20] The code eventually disbanded, but its contents were largely preserved in the Yōrō Code of 718.[20]
Occupants of the throne during the period gradually shifted their focus from military preparation, to religious rites and institutions, in an attempt to strengthen their divine authority over the population.[19]
Religion and Temples
Nanto Rokushū
With the establishment of the new capital, Asuka-dera, the temple of the Soga clan, was relocated within Nara.[21] The Emperor Shōmu ordered the construction of Tōdai-ji Temple and the world's largest bronze Buddha statue.[17] The temples of Nara, known collectively as the Nanto Shichi Daiji, remained spiritually significant even beyond the move of the political capital to Heian-kyō in 794, thus giving Nara a synonym of Nanto (南都 "The southern Capital").
On December 2, 724 AD, in order to increase the visual “magnificence” of the city, an edict was ordered by the government for the noblemen and the wealthy to renovate the roofs, pillars, and walls of their homes, although at that time this was unfeasible.[14]
Sightseeing in Nara city became popular in the Edo period, during which several visitor's maps of Nara were widely published.[22] During the Meiji Period, the Kofukuji Temple lost some land and its monks were converted into Shinto priests, due to Buddhism being associated with the old shogunate.[23]
Modern Nara
Even though Nara was a former capital of Japan from 710 to 794, it did not become an official city until the 1st of February, 1898. Nara city has developed from a town of commerce in the Edo and Meiji periods to a modern tourist city, due to its large number of historical temples, landmarks and national monuments. Moreover, Nara city was added to the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites in December, 1998.[24] The architecture of some places in Nara city like shops, ryokans and art galleries have been adapted from traditional merchant houses.[23] Nara also holds traditional festivals every year such as Neri-Kuyo Eshiki (a spring festival which has been held in Todaiji temple for over 1000 years) and Kemari Festival (a festival in which people wear dresses from seven centuries and play traditional games).[25] Nara city preserves Japan's ancient history and allows the world to learn about the religion, culture, and civilization of Japan, from ancient times to modernity. However, during the Heisei period (1989-2019), mass migration from Japan's countryside to cities have effectively decreased the youth population in Nara.[23]
In 1909, Tatsuno Kingo designed the famous Nara Hotel, whose architecture combined modern elements with traditional Japanese style.[23]
The city of Nara lies in the north end of Nara Prefecture, directly bordering itself to Kyoto Prefecture in its north side. The city is 22.22 kilometres (13.81 mi) from North to South, from East to West. As a result of the latest merger, effective April 1, 2005, that combined the villages of Tsuge and Tsukigase with the city of Nara, the city now borders Mie Prefecture directly to its east. The total area is 276.84 square kilometres (106.89 square miles).[26]
The downtown of Nara is on the east side of the ancient Heijō Palace site, occupying the northern part of what was called the Gekyō (外京), literally the outer capital area. Many of the public offices (e.g. the Municipal office, the Nara Prefectural government, the Nara Police headquarters, etc.) are located on Nijō-ōji (二条大路), while Nara branch offices of major nationwide banks are on Sanjō-ōji (三条大路), with both avenues running east-west.
The highest point in the city is at the peak of Kaigahira-yama at an altitude of 822.0 m (2,696.85 ft) (Tsugehayama-cho district), and the lowest is in Ikeda-cho district, with an altitude of 56.4 m (185.04 ft).[27]
Nara Basin
Murō-Akame-Aoyama Quasi-National Park
Yamato-Aogaki Quasi-National Park
Kasugayama Primeval Forest
Sarusawa Pond (猿沢池)
Mount Wakakusa
The climate of Nara Prefecture is generally temperate, although there are notable differences between the north-western basin area and the rest of the prefecture which is more mountainous.
The basin area climate has an inland characteristic, as represented in the higher daily temperature variance, and the difference between summer and winter temperatures. Winter temperatures average approximately 3 to 5 °C (37 to 41 °F), and from 25 to 28 °C (77 to 82 °F) in the summer with highest readings reaching close to 35 °C (95 °F). There has not been a single year since 1990 with more than 10 days of snowfall recorded by Nara Local Meteorological Observatory.
The climate in the rest of the prefecture is that of higher elevations especially in the south, with −5 °C (23 °F) being the extreme minimum in winter. Heavy rainfall is often observed in summer. The annual accumulated rainfall totals as much as 3,000 to 5,000 mm (118.11 to 196.85 in), which is among the heaviest in Japan and indeed in the world outside the equatorial zone.
Spring and fall temperatures are temperate and comfortable. The mountainous region of Yoshino has been long popular for viewing cherry blossoms in the spring. In autumn, the southern mountains are also a popular destination for viewing fall foliage.
Climate data for Nara, Nara (1981～2010)
−0.2
(31.6) −0.1
(1.86) 1,316.1
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.5 mm)
7.9 7.9 12.3 10.6 11.3 12.9 11.8 8.6 11.5 9.8 8.3 7.7 120.6
1.4 1.9 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 4.8
116.7 115.5 147.4 180.3 184.8 143.5 162.7 205.4 150.3 154.5 134.5 127.3 1,822.9
Source #1: Japan Meteorological Agency[28]
Source #2: Japan Meteorological Agency (records)[29]
As of April 1, 2017, the city has an estimated population of 359,666 and a population density of 1,300 persons per km2. There were 160,242 households residing in Nara.[30] The highest concentration of both households and population, respectively about 46,000 and 125,000, is found along the newer bedtown districts, along the Kintetsu line connecting to Osaka.
There were about 3,000 registered foreigners in the city, of which Koreans and Chinese are the two largest groups with about 1,200 and 800 people respectively.
Landmarks and culture
Tōdai-ji, including Nigatsu-dō and Shōsōin
Saidai-ji
Gangō-ji
Tōshōdai-ji
Shin-Yakushi-ji
Akishino-dera
Byakugō-ji
Daian-ji
Enjō-ji
Enshō-ji
Futai-ji
Hannya-ji
Hokke-ji
Jūrin-in (十輪院)
Kikō-ji
Ryōsen-ji
Shōryaku-ji
Himuro Shrine
Kasuga Shrine
Tamukeyama Hachiman Shrine
Former imperial palace
Heijō Palace
Nara Municipal Buried Cultural Properties Research Centre
Nara City Historical Materials Preservation House
Nara Prefectural Museum of Art
Irie Taikichi Memorial Museum of Photography Nara City
Nakano Museum of Art
Neiraku Museum
Shōhaku Art Museum
Yamato Bunkakan
Former Daijō-in Gardens (旧大乗院庭園)
Kyūseki Teien
Manyo Botanical Garden, Nara
Yoshiki-en
Yagyū Iris Garden, Nara (柳生花しょうぶ園)
Naramachi
Nara Hotel
Nara National Research Institute for Cultural Properties
Yagyū
Zutō (頭塔)
Nara Dreamland
Nara Marathon
Nara Centennial Hall
Nara Kasugano International Forum Iraka
Shuni-e
Deer in Nara
According to the legendary history of Kasuga Shrine, the god Takemikazuchi arrived in Nara on a white deer to guard the newly built capital of Heijō-kyō.[31] Since then, the deer have been regarded as heavenly animals, protecting the city and the country.[31]
Tame sika deer (also known as spotted deer or Japanese deer) roam through the town, especially in Nara Park.[26][27][32][33][34] In 2015, there were more than 1,200 sika deer in Nara.[32][33][34] Snack vendors sell sika senbei (deer crackers) to visitors so they can feed the deer.[32][33][34] Some deer have learned to bow in order to receive senbei from people.[32][33][34]
As of 2005, there are 16 high schools and 6 universities located in the city of Nara.
Nara Women's University is one of only two national women's universities in Japan. Nara Institute of Science & Technology
Public elementary and junior high schools are operated by the city of Nara.
Public high schools are operated by the Nara Prefecture.
Private high schools in Nara include the Tōdaiji Gakuen, a private school founded by the temple in 1926.
The main central station of Nara is Kintetsu Nara Station with JR Nara station some 500m west and much closer to Shin-Omiya station.
West Japan Railway Company
Kansai Main Line (Yamatoji Line): Narayama Station - Nara Station
Sakurai Line (Manyō-Mahoroba Line): Nara Station - Kyōbate Station - Obitoke Station
Kintetsu Railway
Nara Line: Tomio Station - Gakuen-mae Station - Ayameike Station - Yamato-Saidaiji Station - Shin-Ōmiya Station - Kintetsu Nara Station
Kyoto Line: Takanohara Station - Heijō Station - Yamato-Saidaiji Station
Kashihara Line: Yamato-Saidaiji Station - Amagatsuji Station - Nishinokyō Station
Keihanna Line: Gakken Nara-Tomigaoka Station
Keinawa Expressway (Under construction)
Hanshin Expressway Dainihanna Route
Japan National Route 24
Japan National Route 169
See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Japan
Twin towns/sister cities
Nara, according to its own official record, has three sister cities in Japan and six sister cities overseas.[35][36]
Dazaifu, Fukuoka
Kōriyama, Fukushima
Obama, Fukui
Canberra, Australia[37]
Gyeongju, Korea
Toledo, Castile-La Mancha, Spain
Versailles, France
Yangzhou, China
柳田国男 (Yanagita, Kunio) (1936): 地名の研究 (The Study of Place Names), pub. 古今書院 (Kokon Shoin), pp. 217-219
東条 操 (Tōjō, Misao) (1951): 全国方言辞典 Dictionary of Japanese Dialects, 東京堂出版.
吉田東伍 YOSHIDA Tōgo (1907), 『大日本地名辞書 上巻』 (The Dictionary of Place Names in the Great Japan, Fuzambo, Vol.1), 冨山房, pp.190-191.
松岡静雄 編 MATSUOKA Shizuo ed. (1929), 『日本古語大辞典』 (The Unabridged Dictionary of Old Japanese), 刀江書院, p.955. Previous to Matsuoka, KANAZAWA Shôzaburô (1903) pointed out the possibility of influence from Korea. Both were, however, comparing Old Japanese to Modern Korean, not Old Korean.
NAVAR Korean Dictionary
劉昌惇 (1964), 李朝語辭典 (The Dictionary of Words in the Joseon Dynasty), 延世大学校出版部.
Beckwith (2007): Koguryo, the Language of Japan's Continental Relatives, Brill Academic Publishers, 2004. 2nd ed., 2007. p.176
楠原佑介ほか KUSUHARA Yūsuke et al. (1981), 『古代地名語源辞典』 (The Dictionary of Ancient Place Name Etymology), 東京堂出版, p.232
One of the earliest assumption for this is seen in 奈良市 編 Nara ed. (1937), 『奈良市史』 (The History of Nara, Nara)., 奈良市.
宮腰賢ほか編 MIYAKOSHI Masaru et al. ed. (2011), 『全訳古語辞典』 (The Dictionary of Old Japanese with Complete Translation) 第4版, 旺文社.
池田末則・横田健一編 IKEDA Suenori & YOKOTA Ken'ichi (Eds.) (1981), 『日本歴史地名大系30 奈良県の地名』(A Series on Historical Place Names in Japan, Vol. 30, Place Names in Nara Prefecture), 平凡社, p.490
角川日本地名大辞典編纂委員会編 (1990), 『角川日本地名大辞典 29 奈良県』(Kadokawa Unabridged Dictionary of Place Names in Japan, Vol. 29, Nara Prefecture), 角川書店, p.814
e.g. 斎藤建夫 編 SAITŌ Tateo (ed.) (1997), 『郷土資料事典 : ふるさとの文化遺産. 29(奈良県) 』 (The Dictionary of Native Place Data. Vol. 29. Nara Prefecture.), 人文社, p.27
Ogata, Noboru. "Nara (Heijô-kyô) — The Capital of Japan in the 8th Century". Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University. Retrieved 2018-10-18.
Toby, Ronald (Autumn 1985). "Why Leave Nara?: Kammu and the Transfer of the Capital". Monumenta Nipponica. 40 (3): 331–347. doi:10.2307/2384764. JSTOR 2384764.
Burnett Hall, Robert (December 1932). "The Yamato Basin, Japan". Annals of the Association of American Geographers. 22 (4): 243–292. doi:10.1080/00045603209357109. JSTOR 2560778.
Johnston, Norman (1969). "Nara: The Old Imperial Capital of Japan". The Town Planning Review. 40 (1): 331–347. JSTOR 40102657.
Ebrey, Patricia (2014). Modern East Asia: From 1600: A Cultural, Social, and Political History. Boston: Wadsworth.
Whitney Hall, John (2014). The Cambridge History of Japan, Volume 1. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. "Taihō code". Encyclopaedia Britannica. Retrieved 2018-10-18.
Ogata, Noboru (2004-10-13). "Asuka in Nara – Gangô-ji Monastery and the Old Town of Nara". Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University. Retrieved 2018-10-18.
Yamachika, Hiroyoshi. "Tourist Maps of Nara in the Edo Period". Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University. Retrieved 2018-10-18.
Nara Prefectural Government Tourism Bureau Tourism Promotion Division. "Historical Timeline of Nara". Visit Nara. Retrieved 2018-10-18.
"Travel Tips - Official Nara Travel Guide". Official Nara Travel Guide. Retrieved 2018-10-25.
"Stroll Around Naramachi (Town of Nara) | Nara Travelers Guide". narashikanko.or.jp (in Japanese). Retrieved 2018-10-25.
"City Profile of Nara". Nara City. 2007-04-02. Archived from the original on 2007-05-26. Retrieved 2007-04-02. For more details and latest figures, navigate to the equivalent Japanese page at the official homepage "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2007-09-26. Retrieved 2007-04-02. CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
奈良市統計書「統計なら」平成１７年版（２００５年版）(Nara City Statistics, Year 2005 Edition) (in Japanese). Archived from the original on 2007-09-26. Retrieved 2007-04-02.
平年値（年・月ごとの値）. Japan Meteorological Agency. Retrieved 2011-10-22.
観測史上1～10位の値（年間を通じての値）. Japan Meteorological Agency. Retrieved 2011-10-22.
"Official website of Nara city" (in Japanese). Japan: Nara City. Retrieved 23 April 2017.
奈良のシカの歴史 [The history of deer in Nara] (in Japanese). Archived from the original on 2007-08-30. Retrieved 2007-04-02.
"In Nara, Japan, the deer know their place: everywhere". Los Angeles Times. 2010-04-02.
"Oh, deer! Take the cutest selfie at Japan's Nara Park". The Globe and Mail. 2015-10-08.
"Are There Really Deer Everywhere In Nara Park?". Matcha. 2015-04-04.
http://www.city.nara.nara.jp/b_hp/english/kokon/kuryu/index.htm
Vladimir, Russia recognizes Nara as one of its sister cities, while Nara does not.Sister cities of Vladimir Archived 2009-01-05 at the Wayback Machine
"Canberra's international relationships - Canberra's international relationships". www.cmd.act.gov.au. Retrieved 2009-10-20.
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Salvation Army Has 1 Week to Raise $50,000 in Red Kettle Campaign
Noah Lueker
(Photo Courtesy of The Salvation Army)
The Salvation Army has just one week left in its annual Red Kettle Campaign and still needs to raise $50,000 to reach its goal. They're urging members of the Tuscaloosa community to contribute as the event draws to a close.
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the national fundraising campaign has had to operate a bit differently this year, with the iconic red kettles and bell ringers disappearing from most storefronts across the area in favor of online donations.
"We rely heavily on the funds received during this season to fund our feeding and shelter programs," said Major Bill Shafer, Corps Officer with The Salvation Army of Tuscaloosa. "We are so thankful for those who have supported us thus far. Please help us make this season a big win for our neighbors in need."
The 2020 Kettle Campaign started early in November with a goal of raising $100,000. With one week left to go, though, they've only managed to raise $53,741.86.
"We are so appreciative and honored that our community has supported us during this difficult time," a Monday press release read. "Although this year looks a little different, the kettles still bring positive change to our community."
The Red Kettles are The Salvation Army's largest annual campaign with a history going back 130 years. Proceeds go towards local programs and services including providing food and shelter for those in need, as well as providing Christmas gifts to local families.
To support the campaign, donors can visit the Red Kettle website, or contact Tuscaloosa TSA Major Bill Shafer at 205-632-3691.
Top Stories From The Tuscaloosa Thread (12/14 - 12/18)
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Dreambuilders (2020)
Watch Dreambuilders (2020) Online
Minna, a young girl, misuses her newfound ability to create and control other people’s dreams to teach her bothersome stepsister a lesson. When her stepsister can no longer wake up, Minna has to enter the dream world to save her.
Genre: Adventure, Animation, Comedy, Drama
Director: Kim Hagen Jensen, Tonni Zinck(co-director)
Actors: Caroline Vedel Larsen, Ditte Hansen, Emilie Koppel, Martin Buch, Mia Lerdam, Rasmus Botoft, Stig Hoffmeyer
The Legion (2020)
Noreno, a half-Roman, is entrusted with the mission of crossing the snowy mountains of Armenia, swarming with Parthian patrols, to seek help for his slowly dying men.
Genre: Action, Adventure, History
Two warriors in pursuit of a stolen sword and a notorious fugitive are led to an impetuous, physically-skilled, teenage nobleman’s daughter, who is at a crossroads in her life.
Country: China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, USA
Genre: Action, Adventure, Fantasy, Romance
Skydog (2020)
After a high school senior working on his pilot’s license rescues a dog named Oreo, he finds out his mom is a CIA agent who’s been captured. He teams up…
The Black Hole (1979)
The explorer craft USS Palomino is returning to Earth after a fruitless 18-month search for extra-terrestrial life when the crew comes upon a supposedly lost ship, the USS Cygnus, hovering…
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When the evil wizard Gargamel chases the tiny blue Smurfs out of their village, they tumble from their magical world and into ours — in fact, smack dab in the…
Country: Belgium, Canada, USA
MegaFault (2009)
When miner Charley ‘Boomer’ Baxter sets off a series of massive mining detonations in West Virginia, a gigantic earthquake is soon rocking the North Atlantic, exposing a deep seismic fault…
Genre: Action, Adventure, Drama, Science Fiction, Thriller
The Pirates! In an Adventure with Scientists! (2012)
The luxuriantly bearded Pirate Captain is a boundlessly enthusiastic, if somewhat less-than-successful, terror of the High Seas. With a rag-tag crew at his side, and seemingly blind to the impossible…
The USS Enterprise crew explores the furthest reaches of uncharted space, where they encounter a mysterious new enemy who puts them and everything the Federation stands for to the test.
Country: Canada, China, United Arab Emirates, USA
In Nazi-occupied France during World War II, a group of Jewish-American soldiers known as “The Basterds” are chosen specifically to spread fear throughout the Third Reich by scalping and brutally…
Genre: Adventure, Drama, War
G.I. Joe: The Rise of Cobra (2009)
From the Egyptian desert to deep below the polar ice caps, the elite G.I. JOE team uses the latest in next-generation spy and military equipment to fight the corrupt arms…
Country: Czech Republic, USA
Dragonheart: Vengeance (2020)
Lukas, a young farmer whose family is killed by savage raiders in the countryside, sets out on an epic quest for revenge, forming an unlikely trio with a majestic dragon…
Genre: Action, Adventure, Drama, Fantasy, Science Fiction
A young elephant, whose oversized ears enable him to fly, helps save a struggling circus, but when the circus plans a new venture, Dumbo and his friends discover dark secrets…
Country: Australia, Canada, UK, USA
Genre: Adventure, Family, Fantasy
Trailer: Dreambuilders (2020)
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1VIBE
PJ Morton – BLM (Playlist)
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On the heels of debuting his weekly The Culture YouTube show celebrating Black culture earlier in June, PJ Morton continues our Black Music Month playlist series with an uplifting collection of 14 tracks. The Black Lives Matter playlist includes music from Kendrick Lamar, Jay-Z, Rapsody, Marvin Gaye, himself, and more…
View on billboard.com
Mike Xavier – Sunset
Mike Xavier continues his career with “Sunset.” A very unique artist who delivers relatable and poetic lyrics, Mike also has the help of his live band to bring it all together. The group…
Tona on New Album ‘July 26,’ His Spot in Toronto Hip-Hop, and Police Brutality
Tona is not showing any signs of letting up and in 2020, he’s just released his new album July 26th, showing that his energy, creative approach, and work ethic show no sign of abating despite his…
CeeLo Green Is Thomas Callaway (Album)
It’s been five years since CeeLo Green released an album (2015’s Heart Blanche), but the gifted singer is back in action as he sheds his stage name on the release of his fifth solo album, CeeLo…
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Electric and Hybrid
Home » Audi » Audi Q6 Redesign, Price
Audi Q6 Redesign, Price
Adam BensonApril 26, 2017No comment
posted on Apr. 26, 2017 at 9:31 pm
The 2018 Audi Q6 will be a powerful crossover compared to the 2017 model. It’s expected to be sportier and well equipped with luxurious features. It will be simply an electric SUV. The hybrid version will be more fuel efficient thanks to the brilliant engineering. The major rivals will include Mercedes-Benz GLE 500e, Tesla Model X, Porsche Cayenne S E-Hybrid and BMW X5 40e. The Q6 is among the best in the class. The exemplary features make it more impressive and attractive. Let me walk you through the 2018 Audi Q6 review in details.
2018 Audi Q6 – Exterior and Interior Redesign
The 2018 Audi Q6 will feature angular head lights and grille. The door handles will be deeply sculpted for easy opening. The SUV will also feature a swooping roofline to give the car better aerodynamics and reduced air resistance. The tail lights are expected to be the same like those of a Prologue concept. Judging from appearance, the car will look bigger than the Q5 model. The body will be made from light-weight aluminium making it shed considerable weight compared to the 2017 model. A lot of modifications will be done to make it different in terms of appearance.
The interior will come with a cutting edge interface and an upgraded infotainment system. The screen will help the driver to check fuel and pressure levels. The 2018 Audi Q6 will also feature high-quality leather seats with plenty of head and leg room. Further, it will come with 40/20/40-split folding rear seats giving 57.3-cubic-foot of cargo space. On the other hand, the car is equipped with top-notch interior craftsmanship.
Safety features will include modern automatic airbags, adaptive suspension system, automatic braking and forward collision mitigation. Driving assistance features include automatic starting system, a tilt-and-telescoping steering wheel, tri-zone climate control, driver memory settings, front and rear parking sensors, and mobile Wi-Fi capability. Entertainment features include a 10-speaker sound system, Bluetooth connectivity, an auxiliary audio jack and Audi’s digital music interface. The windows will be controlled through a remote.
2018 Audi Q6 – Engine and Performance
The 2018 Audi Q6 will be powered by four electric motors. It’s expected to generate more than 455 hp and 467 pound-ft of torque. Also, the car will feature an electronic digital electric outlet giving a choice of inductive recharging. Just like the R8 e-Tron, each motor will be on its own wheel.
The four motors will give a range of 200 miles and are expected to be fueled using 100 kWh batteries. The car will have fast acceleration since from 0-60 mph; it will take approximately 4.6 seconds. The top speed is expected to be 130 mph.
To achieve 80% battery life, it should be charged for about 30 minutes. Regardless of the powertrain you choose, the 2018 model will deliver refined acceleration. The EPA estimated fuel economy is yet to be released.
2018 Audi Q6 – Price and Release Date
In conclusion, the release date of the new Audi Q6 2018 is expected to be around mid-2018.According to the chief engineer, the car is in the initial development stages. So far, there is no official information regarding the price. However, we approximate the price to be in the range of $53,962 and $ 55,000.
Audi Q6 Redesign, Price, 5 / 5 (2 votes)
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Adam Benson April 26, 2017
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Do greeks or independent teams have an advantage on race day?
April 21, 2014 / cscudder
BY CHARLES SCUDDER | @cscudder
Paul Smith will be wearing a Delta Tau Delta jersey this Saturday.
He finished third in ITTs the last two years and watched from the pit as the team won in 2012 and sprinted the final 20 laps to help push Delts to a second-place finish in 2013.
But he hasn’t always competed for the greek powerhouse. His freshman year, he rode for Wright Cycling. Although he lived in Teter, he’d gone on a few group rides with the Wright team and trained with them leading up to the race.
“I wasn’t a very good rider when I joined Wright,” Smith said. “I had a lot to learn.”
He later joined Delts, where he statistically has a better chance of winning based on IUSF’s historical records.
Greek teams have won 68 percent of men’s races and 54 percent of women’s races. More than three-quarters of top-three finishers in the men’s race have worn greek letters.
It’s a rivalry older than “Breaking Away.” It’s easy to break the race down to greeks versus everyone else. It’s easy to vilify those damn Cutters or those damn frat stars from the stands. It’s easy to cheer for someone like you — whether that team is greek or independent.
So who has an upper hand? Greeks, who have been historically dominant in the competition with strong support and large budgets, or GDIs, who can freely recruit and earn support as the scrappy underdog?
Some houses maintain that you are a brother or sister first and a rider second. Teams like Beta Theta Pi and Sigma Alpha Epsilon want riders to be committed to the house before they join the team. Other chapters, and even most residence halls,* do actively recruit riders for membership.
“It’s kind of disappointing,” race director Jordan Bailey said. “There’s been a shift since 2000 that residence halls have gotten cloudy, so they’re like an independent team now.”
The first three teams to win the race were affiliated with residence halls — all from Collins. Starting in 1958, however, greek teams dominated the race, winning every single race until the debut of Cutters in 1984. From 1958 to 1968, an independent team didn’t even see the medal stand.
“[Greek houses] saw it as an opportunity to be successful in an event that is campus-wide,” Bailey said.
Beginning with Cutters in 1984, however, more independent teams started to see success. In 2002, three non-affiliated teams took the medal stand.** From 2000 to 2012, at least one independent team made it in the top three.
Part of it is a simple matter of participation. Independent teams have only become very active in the past 25 years or so, yet this year, 70 percent of men’s teams and 64 percent of women’s teams are greek. There’s a better chance a greek team will win simply because there are more greek teams competing.
Greek teams also generally have more money and consistency. Even if the team goes through a few years without success, there’s an automatic group of fans and a strong alumni base that can help with fundraising and support.
Support comes easier in greek houses, Smith said, rather than a residence hall team with only one or two riders who actually live in the dorm.
“It’s hard to get a whole dorm to come support a team like that,” Smith said.
Smith said the Delts train in a special bike room in the house, where they have equipment they can use all year long. With Wright, he’d have to meet with other riders in basements where they’d set up stationary bikes in winter. Greek teams can afford better equipment, faster bikes and more coaching support, Smith said.
A first year independent team like Northern Indiana Cycling would be looking to fundraise around $1,000 from friends and family, whereas an established program like Phi Gamma Delta could have a budget as large as $10,000 to $15,000, Bailey said.
“That brick and mortar house gives continuity from year to year,” Bailey said.
Ultimately, the thing that makes Little 500 more than a bicycle race, what makes it The World’s Greatest College Weekend, is it’s ability to bring students together from all across campus. The race was started in 1951 to raise money for student scholarships to help all students, not just greeks or GDIs.
Bailey said IUSF gets calls regularly from other universities wondering what they can do to replicate the success of Little 500. It’s so unique to IU, however, that it is hard to pull off anywhere else.
“It just does such a good job of getting this cross-section of campus involved in this one event,” Bailey said.
Charles Scudder is a senior studying journalism at IU. He put off taking a required statistics course until the last semester of his senior year, so go easy on him if his math is screwy. Email him at cscudder@indiana.edu.
*I’ve chosen to count residence halls as independent teams. They should fall in their own category, but some teams — like Teter’s women’s team — actively recruit from outside the dorm like independents. Other independent teams — like Dodd’s House — were once much more actively tied to a residence hall than they are now. For simplicity’s sake, this post refers to residence halls and independents.
**To be clear, two of those teams — The Corleones and Gafombi — were formed by fraternities which were off campus at the time.
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16 thoughts on “Do greeks or independent teams have an advantage on race day?”
sumguy2420
Ha wow. Love how this article refers to independents as god dam independents. frat as fuck
^ I was going to say the same thing. Not sure GDI is a politically correct term… Rude
I’m pretty sure he didn’t mean it an offensive way what so ever. I think the guy who wrote this is a GDI himself. Just makes for better writing if you vary your word choice and don’t say “non-greek” 50 times
It would be nice if the author elaborated on the cutters/delta chi relationship as the “cutters debut in 1984” was nothing more than delta chi’s in drag & the stealing of a name made famous by a movie they had nothing to do with. Cutters/Delta Chi history should be marked with a big asterisk as it’s the same crew/legacy from the 1970’s frat up thru today. Great teams no doubt, but not a true “independent team”
Good point. Has there ever been a GDI team that has been success for a prolonged period of time (over a decade)? Can’t think of a single GDI team not including dorm teams like Dodd. Team Major Taylor had a few good results but they didn’t last long
iulittle5
Cutters are completely independent. No housing unit, nopledgeship, etc. That they were a continuation of the Delta Chi bike team is true enough, but even in the first year they were by no means a continuation of the fraternity itself. Somehow after 30 years of successful independence, and the model for independent Little 500 teams, you still can’t come to see them as a “true independent team?” What would your big asterisk say at the bottom of the page? Would your asterisk detract from the success of both teams due to the continuity of, um, what exactly?
There is no doubt that the Delta Chi teams of the 1970’s and early 80’s were the most dominant fraternity team in Little 500 history. The cutters (regardless of the fact that they were the continuation of the DX racing program with all of it’s institutional knowledge intact & they stole a name because they were not original enough to come up with one) are an independent team in name only. The point is that they did not start up an independent team and reach the dominanat levels they have because of anything other than changing their name (albeit inappropriate name theft) and leaving the fraternity house. The Colts are still the Colts even though they moved from Baltimore. All records are inclusive of the team, not of the city.
This is the big ugly asterisk that accompanies DX/cutters. That because they couldn’t function as a fraternity they had to split their bike team off. True brotherhood! The cutters are by definition, the DX cycling program from 1953 to 1983 with continuation as the cutters from 1984 to today. A rose, by any other name, is still a rose. So DX/cutter, just smell the rose and stop being so defensive about the past history of the most successful cycling program in Little 5 history. But don’t separate yourselves from your true past just because you want to be a GDI.
You seem to see things through a very different lens. Let me offer another perspective: every team name is unoriginal – an independent team can call themselves whatever they want, but it always comes from somewhere (with the possible exception of Gafombi- what is that?). Choosing the name Cutters was a really smart move, because it added marketing value. I can think of no other team name that would have anywhere near the value add that Cutters had.
As for the schism between Cutters and Delta Chi, it is nowhere near the ugly footnote of history you would make it out to be. The house kicked a few members out that it felt were not good for the fraternity. One or two of them (nt all) happened to be on the bike team. The other riders had more loyalty to the goal of winning the race than to the fraternity, so moved out and formed a new team. All they took was some knowledge and well wishes from the team alumni. No, not from scratch, but still much to be overcome. How all of this is somehow ugliness and theft and un-independence in your mind I don’t understand, but I might suggest you’ll be happier in life if you ease up on the negativity.
Ha, I’m one of the happiest people you would ever meet. Just like to harangue dx/cutter cycling program. As a 4th gen IU grad who watched the DX’s kick everyone’s butt at the old track and then have them disappear at the apex of achievement only to morph into cutters I cannot see it through a different lens. Same guys, same core alum, same cycling program with different name. No more, no less. Just what I personally observed. And I agree with you 100% on team names, no originals sans Gafombi which I was told why one time but cannot remember the details. And yes it was a stellar marketing move because the movie guys were not smart enough to IP protect it. Either were the true CUTTERS who worked with the limestone that my cousins still, and have since the 1850’s, quarry.
If you really want a challenge try starting up a L5 cycling team 100% from scratch! No ex-frats, no gdi team with a name change. Pure ground zero starting point. No bikes, no tools, no name (so you can be the first creative one to make up a good one!) And, nobody else to help you….100% solo.
And yes, it has been done before. .
In 2005 IUSF modified the rules so that a rider no longer had to live (or ever live) in the residence hall they were riding for. Prior to that you have to have at least lived in the residence hall for one semester. This change effectively removed the residence hall category. Now only Greek teams have residency (along with when people are pledged) requirements, which is a bit one-sided.
Hashtag Bikes
I think the extra resources available to some greek teams mentioned above balance out the need to have actual members of their fraternities/sororities ride for them.
Captain Apple Jacks
A Greek house has enough men or women to field several teams let alone one. Having to pull from their own house is not so much an issue of finding members so much as finding motivation.
Both are excellent points. However, there are several Greek teams who struggle to get enough riders. Look at Sigma Chi and my team. And there are most likely others.
There are also plenty of independent teams that struggle to find 4 commited riders. Also it’s much harder to recruit a rider to live in a residence hall if there was a rule they had to live there to ride. With a fraternity there are a lot of perks for joining. Big budgets , support, and everything that comes along with the social aspect of it. Independant and residence hall teams also have to deal with riders who train with them all fall and suddenly the rider pledges the fraternity or sorority and they lose that rider. The rules are currently fair although I agree that residence halls seem more like Independant teams now besides the small budget they receive from the dorm.
Teter only had 4 riders on the team last year. Recruiting isn’t as easy as people make it out to be. Their 5th rider trained all first semester with them and she pledged DG in the winter. It goes both ways.
Wright had Paul Smith who then jumped ship to Delts who offered much better support and coaching .
BKB has been good for a while now and before that Cinzano. Dorm teams like Dodd’s and Teter as well.
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Adam Bemma Developing World Media
Home › op-ed › India: Prayasam’s endeavour into Calcutta’s slums
India: Prayasam’s endeavour into Calcutta’s slums
Posted on March 29, 2015 by Adam Bemma — Leave a comment
Courtesy of Saptarshi Ray
KOLKATA, India – “When I first visited the slums…The community became my canvas and the children became my paint brushes and colours,” said Amlan Ganguly, founder of Prayasam (Endeavours) to me during an interview on the balcony of his home and office.
Prayasam is a community-based organization working with youth from six of the 65 slums in Calcutta, where groups of children and young adults advocate for change.
The 2013 documentary film, The Revolutionary Optimists, shares the story of a group of Indian youth in the city’s Rishi Aurobindo squatters’ colony and brick kilns, where child labour looks like modern day child slavery.
Known affectionately as The Daredevils, these audacious Prayasam members in Rishi Aurobindo have mapped their entire community and now work to educate others about vaccination campaigns and access to clean drinking water.
“Prayasam is part of a tradition that supports children’s rights and teaches them to make their voices heard in order to advocate for changes that will improve their communities,” states the Child Rights International Network.
Two of Prayasam’s most outspoken are the two main characters in the documentary film; Sikha and Salim. Both are now 17. These two young adults are leading youth to be the change we all want to see in this world, to paraphrase Mahatma Gandhi.
Prayasam has a highly mobilized group of youngsters who don’t sit back and wait for their elders to clean up their community, city, and country. They take action.
I took some time while at Prayasam to help Sikha and Salim write up the English translations to their biographical short films, as well as suggesting some needed audio transitions which they added willingly. Both films were screened in Cape Town, South Africa at an international slum dwellers conference.
Watching Sikha and Salim’s stories told through film, I was blown away at how these two were able to direct a film, by using friends and family members to reenact the roles they played in educating marginalized members of their community on important health and education-related issues.
What amazed me most is how these two agents of change are completely bypassing the traditional news media in Calcutta, and India, by taking their stories to a wider, international, audience online.
Sikha even told me personally that it’s her dream to be a filmmaker, and is fascinated by cinematography, which she learnt a bit about during the filming of The Revolutionary Optimists. The making of this documentary film empowered her, and others, to begin producing their own videos.
On my visit to one of Prayasam’s youth groups, not Rishi Aurobindo but Nazrulpully, I met another group of boys and girls producing media for the world beyond their borders.
Nazrulpully is a slum located under and alongside New Town bridge in Calcutta’s burgeoning information technology (IT) sector. This area of the city is known as Sector 5, and yet most people I spoke to in the city don’t even know Nazrulpully exists.
I walked along a river bank, watching residents of the slum bathe and clean clothes, until I reached a small structure; the office of Prayasam’s youth group in Nazrulpully. Monish and Priya introduced themselves to me. They proudly displayed the numerous awards the group has won.
These two, along with a few others, produce regular videos about life in the slum. During their shoot, I stepped in to make some recommendations about framing and lighting. They took my advice and began filming: “Live from Nazrulpully!”
Okay they didn’t say this, but my Hindi language skills are non-existent so I just stood there watching. Again, I was excited to see how passionate they were in producing media (I’m sort of a radio and documentary film nerd, if I say so myself).
Courtesy of Angel Anusua
Monish and Priya took time to sit down and talk to me about the work they do here, in Nazrulpully. This award-winning Praysam group has collected books and opened a community library. The group’s next goal is to push policymakers for a new primary school, which would be the community’s first.
Calcutta stole my heart during my travels throughout India, and the reason for this was due to my visit to Praysam. Meeting the youth and seeing the work they do in their own communities was inspiring. It’s hard not to be inspired when you speak to Amlan Ganguly, a man who’s spent so much time empowering youth to be the change they want to see in the world, to paraphrase Gandhi once again.
I was even fortunate enough to take part in a puja, or ceremony, for the Hindu goddess of knowledge and learning, Saraswati, at Prayasam’s office in Calcutta. It was fitting that I participate in a ceremony dedicated to the idol in the Hindu pantheon I admire most; a woman advocating for education.
For me, it was a real educational experience to meet everyone at Praysam, and I look forward to returning to Calcutta to help conduct media training. Once its new Adobe Foundation grassroots film studio, as Ganguly refers to it, is up-and-running.
Mark Tully, the famous BBC correspondent based in Delhi wrote in his 1991 book No Full Stops in India: “Calcutta, the capital of West Bengal, is synonymous with poverty and squalor. I would suggest that Calcutta’s bad name is not entirely justified, but there is no doubt that its slums and shanty towns should be fertile ground for revolutionaries.”
I couldn’t agree more with Tully, a fellow radio journalist. I can’t wait to be a part of the next endeavour at Prayasam. Let it be a journalistic one, something I’m much more familiar with so I can help them share their stories with the world.
“Each one, teach one,” as Ganguly would say.
Published @ Medium
About Adam Bemma
Adam Bemma is a journalist and media development advisor.
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Tagged with: #mediadev, Adobe Foundation, agents of change, Be the change, Calcutta, children's rights, Each one teach one, Grassroots Film Studio, human rights, India, information technology, IT, Kolkata, Mark Tully, media development, Nazrulpully slum, New Town bridge, No Full Stops in India, Prayasam, Rishi Aurobindo squatters colony, Sector 5, slums, The Daredevils, The Revolutionary Optimists, underprivileged children
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commercial | editorial | portraits | sports
No. 3 CSU Bakersfield vs. No. 2 Utah Valley (11/18/16)
WAC Volleyball Tournament Semifinal - No. 2 Utah Valley vs. No. 3 CSU Bakersfield
November 18, 2016; Las Cruces, N.M.; CSU Bakersfield Roadrunners libero Jocelyn Rodriguez (6) digs a ball during a semifinal match of the 2016 Western Athletic Conference volleyball championship tournament at the Pan American Center. Utah Valley defeated CSU Bakersfield 3-2.
November 18, 2016; Las Cruces, N.M.; CSU Bakersfield Roadrunners outside hitter Carol Grasso (16) takes a swing against Utah Valley Wolverines outside hitter Kiahna Vernon (6) during a semifinal match of the 2016 Western Athletic Conference volleyball championship tournament at the Pan American Center. Utah Valley defeated CSU Bakersfield 3-2.
November 18, 2016; Las Cruces, N.M.; Utah Valley Wolverines setter Sierra Starley (2) set a ball during a semifinal match of the 2016 Western Athletic Conference volleyball championship tournament at the Pan American Center. Utah Valley defeated CSU Bakersfield 3-2.
November 18, 2016; Las Cruces, N.M.; Utah Valley Wolverines middle blocker Madison Dennison (18) celebrates after winning a point during a semifinal match of the 2016 Western Athletic Conference volleyball championship tournament at the Pan American Center. Utah Valley defeated CSU Bakersfield 3-2.
November 18, 2016; Las Cruces, N.M.; CSU Bakersfield Roadrunners middle hitter Marina Sanches (15) and CSU Bakersfield Roadrunners outside hitter Aleksandra Djordjevic (7) go up for a block attempt on a shot by \uvu6\ during a semifinal match of the 2016 Western Athletic Conference volleyball championship tournament at the Pan American Center. Utah Valley defeated CSU Bakersfield 3-2.
November 18, 2016; Las Cruces, N.M.; CSU Bakersfield Roadrunners outside hitter Aleksandra Djordjevic (7) tries to block a shot from Utah Valley Wolverines right side hitter Izzie Hinton (11) during a semifinal match of the 2016 Western Athletic Conference volleyball championship tournament at the Pan American Center. Utah Valley defeated CSU Bakersfield 3-2.
November 18, 2016; Las Cruces, N.M.; CSU Bakersfield Roadrunners outside hitter Aleksandra Djordjevic (7) bump sets a ball during a semifinal match of the 2016 Western Athletic Conference volleyball championship tournament at the Pan American Center. Utah Valley defeated CSU Bakersfield 3-2.
November 18, 2016; Las Cruces, N.M.; Utah Valley Wolverines middle blocker Brighton Taylor (9) tips a ball over the net during a semifinal match of the 2016 Western Athletic Conference volleyball championship tournament at the Pan American Center. Utah Valley defeated CSU Bakersfield 3-2.
November 18, 2016; Las Cruces, N.M.; CSU Bakersfield Roadrunners head coach Giovana Melo celebrates after her team wins a point during a semifinal match of the 2016 Western Athletic Conference volleyball championship tournament at the Pan American Center. Utah Valley defeated CSU Bakersfield 3-2.
November 18, 2016; Las Cruces, N.M.; CSU Bakersfield Roadrunners outside hitter Carol Grasso (16) takes a swing during a semifinal match of the 2016 Western Athletic Conference volleyball championship tournament at the Pan American Center. Utah Valley defeated CSU Bakersfield 3-2.
November 18, 2016; Las Cruces, N.M.; Utah Valley Wolverines setter Sierra Starley (2) gets a kill during a semifinal match of the 2016 Western Athletic Conference volleyball championship tournament at the Pan American Center. Utah Valley defeated CSU Bakersfield 3-2.
November 18, 2016; Las Cruces, N.M.; CSU Bakersfield Roadrunners outside hitter Carol Grasso (16) hits a jump serve during a semifinal match of the 2016 Western Athletic Conference volleyball championship tournament at the Pan American Center. Utah Valley defeated CSU Bakersfield 3-2.
November 18, 2016; Las Cruces, N.M.; Utah Valley Wolverines outside hitter Josie Bursell (12) takes a swing during a semifinal match of the 2016 Western Athletic Conference volleyball championship tournament at the Pan American Center. Utah Valley defeated CSU Bakersfield 3-2.
November 18, 2016; Las Cruces, N.M.; CSU Bakersfield Roadrunners outside hitter Carol Grasso (16) digs a ball during a semifinal match of the 2016 Western Athletic Conference volleyball championship tournament at the Pan American Center. Utah Valley defeated CSU Bakersfield 3-2.
November 18, 2016; Las Cruces, N.M.; Utah Valley Wolverines outside hitter Marija Martinovic (8) digs a ball during a semifinal match of the 2016 Western Athletic Conference volleyball championship tournament at the Pan American Center. Utah Valley defeated CSU Bakersfield 3-2.
November 18, 2016; Las Cruces, N.M.; Utah Valley Wolverines outside hitter Kiahna Vernon (6) takes a swing during a semifinal match of the 2016 Western Athletic Conference volleyball championship tournament at the Pan American Center. Utah Valley defeated CSU Bakersfield 3-2.
November 18, 2016; Las Cruces, N.M.; Utah Valley Wolverines right side hitter Izzie Hinton (11) takes a swing against CSU Bakersfield Roadrunners outside hitter Carol Grasso (16) during a semifinal match of the 2016 Western Athletic Conference volleyball championship tournament at the Pan American Center. Utah Valley defeated CSU Bakersfield 3-2.
November 18, 2016; Las Cruces, N.M.; Utah Valley Wolverines outside hitter Alexis Davies (15) hits a ball over the block attempt from CSU Bakersfield Roadrunners middle blocker Sydney Haynes (13) during a semifinal match of the 2016 Western Athletic Conference volleyball championship tournament at the Pan American Center. Utah Valley defeated CSU Bakersfield 3-2.
November 18, 2016; Las Cruces, N.M.; Utah Valley Wolverines outside hitter Kiahna Vernon (6) hits a ball through the block attempt from CSU Bakersfield Roadrunners middle hitter Marina Sanches (15) and CSU Bakersfield Roadrunners middle blocker Sydney Haynes (13) during a semifinal match of the 2016 Western Athletic Conference volleyball championship tournament at the Pan American Center. Utah Valley defeated CSU Bakersfield 3-2.
November 18, 2016; Las Cruces, N.M.; CSU Bakersfield Roadrunners middle blocker Sydney Haynes (13) and CSU Bakersfield Roadrunners middle hitter Marina Sanches (15) block a shot attempt from Utah Valley Wolverines outside hitter Kiahna Vernon (6) during a semifinal match of the 2016 Western Athletic Conference volleyball championship tournament at the Pan American Center. Utah Valley defeated CSU Bakersfield 3-2.
November 18, 2016; Las Cruces, N.M.; CSU Bakersfield Roadrunners middle hitter Katie Dunbar-Lowe (9) wins a joust at the net with Utah Valley Wolverines setter Sierra Starley (2) during a semifinal match of the 2016 Western Athletic Conference volleyball championship tournament at the Pan American Center. Utah Valley defeated CSU Bakersfield 3-2.
November 18, 2016; Las Cruces, N.M.; CSU Bakersfield Roadrunners middle hitter Kortney Freeland (11) hits a ball past the block attempt from Utah Valley Wolverines right side hitter Izzie Hinton (11) during a semifinal match of the 2016 Western Athletic Conference volleyball championship tournament at the Pan American Center. Utah Valley defeated CSU Bakersfield 3-2.
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Applications Affected by Bug #49990
Application Name Description version Downloads
Epic Games Launcher
The official launcher for recent Epic Games titles and Unreal Engine 4 development and mods.
Used for the Unreal Engine 4 devkit, Fortnight (UE4), Unreal Tournament (UE4), Shadow Complex (UE3), Paragon (UE4), and UE4 modding.
Auto-updates, only the latest version is ever usable.
Latest Version Direct official link to installer .msi
Lord of the Rings Online "The Lord of the Rings Online is the world's first and only MMOG based on the Books of J.R.R. Tolkien. Players can experience the most famous fantasy world of all time, exploring and adventuring their heroes through the vast reaches of Middle-earth in the fight against the forces of the Dark Lord Sauron." Update 25: Minas Morgul
Minecraft dungeons is a dungeon crawler spin-off of Minecraft.
Beta Update April 3
Star Citizen / Squadron 42
Star Citizen is a next-generation free-to-play AAA space simulator scheduled to be released in 2015, featuring dogfighting, trading, bounty hunting, exploration and a single player campaign known as Squadron 42.
3.9.1 Alpha Official web site of Star Citizen/Squadron42 project
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Location : Australia ,Northern Territory
Charles Darwin University (CDU) is a young institution that already has achieved world rankings for the impact of its research. It is the only Australian university with headquarters in the Northern Territory, which is located on the southern rim of Asia. Because of its geographic location, CDU has a deep interest in South-East Asia, Northern Australia, and in Indigenous Australia, and specialises in research and teaching in these areas.
CDU has 11 campuses and centres located throughout the Northern Territory, and in Sydney and Melbourne. The CDU Business School is located in a purpose-built facility at the prestigious Darwin Waterfront precinct, which overlooks the Timor Sea and is adjacent to Darwin’s CBD. The university’s main campus is in the culturally rich city of Darwin, the capital of the Northern Territory. It also provides training at 150 remote Indigenous communities in the Northern Territory, making CDU one of the most diverse universities in Australia.
More than 24,000 students study with CDU on campus and online in a range of disciplines including engineering and information technology, the environment, health, psychological and clinical sciences, business, creative arts and humanities, education and law.
CDU is recognised as a leader in environmental studies (tropical and desert knowledges), Indigenous education and studies, remote nursing, South-East Asian studies and in online learning. It is a dual sector university with course offerings ranging from certificate through to doctoral level. Around 70% of CDU students are located throughout Australia and undertake their studies online.
The university is listed in joint 31st position in The Times Higher Education’s best 150 universities aged less than 50 years old. This is the fourth consecutive year that the university has risen in this ranking. Times Higher Education also ranks CDU in the top 2% of universities in the world.
The university is attracting an increasing number of international students, who come from more than 60 countries. The international student population is drawn particularly to the multicultural character of Darwin.
CDU has strong partnerships with other institutions including the Australian National University, Flinders University and the Batchelor Institute of Indigenous Tertiary Education. It is a member of the Innovative Research Universities network.
All International students are required to meet minimum Academic and English language entry requirements.
The minimum academic entry requirements for admissions to undergraduate degree is the completion of a qualification deemed equivalent to Australian Year 12 by the University's qualification assessment references. Applicants may also be required to satisfy specific course requirements such as a minimum overall grade score or prerequisite knowledge. The most common equivalencies accepted by Charles Darwin University are listed below.
Bangladesh Higher School Certificate (HSC) in First Division.
B Accounting: Minimum grade of GPA 4.0 in business maths subjects
B Engineering, Bachelor of Pharmacy, B Medical and Laboratory Science: Minimum grade of GPA 4.5 in maths, physics or chemistry for specific courses
Brunei GCE “A” levels*
Cambridge Pre U Diploma CDU recognises the Cambridge Pre U diploma for direct admission to an undergraduate degree. The University will also accept a combination of Cambridge Pre U and GCE A levels subjects to satisfy direct entry requirements
Canada Ontario Year 13 Secondary School Diploma; British Columbia Year 12 Senior Secondary Graduation Diploma
China Successful completion of a recognised pre-tertiary or foundation program; Or successful completion of one year study at a recognised tertiary or higher education institution; Or completion of the National College Entrance Examination (NCEE) with GAOKAO score required for entry into Tier Two university in the relevant province
Fiji NZ University Bursaries Exam/National Certificate of Educational Achievement (NCEA) Equivalent of eligibility to enter a New Zealand university
Germany Abitur
Hong Kong HKDSE with an average of 4 in Level 4 core subjects and average of 4 in two Level 4 electives
India Successful completion of All India Senior School Certificate, Indian School Certificate, Senior Secondary Certificate and State Board Examinations with an average score of at least 60% in best 4 academic subjects including English
Indonesia Entry to some courses with SMU minimum grade of 8; Successful completion of one year of a university degree or Diploma III (DIII) from a recognised institution
International Baccalaureate Completed IB diploma with minimum 24 points from 6 subjects at one sitting
Japan Upper Secondary School Leaving Certificate with a minimum grade average of 70% or successful completion of one year of a Bachelor's degree at a recognised University
Korea (Republic of), South Senior High School Diploma with a grade average of A or successful completion of one year of a Bachelor's degree at a recognised University
Malaysia Malaysian STPM; entry to some courses with Senior Middle 3 MICSS UEC minimum two A and two B grades; Canadian OAC pre university diploma
Nepal Completion of the Higher Secondary Education Board (HSEB) in First Division:
B. Accounting: minimum grade of 60% in business maths subjects
B. Engineering, B Pharmacy, B Medical and Laboratory Science: minimum grade of 65% in maths,physics and chemistry
B. Nursing: minimum overall score of 65%
Completion of the Proficiency Certificate with a minimum grade average of 65%
Norway Vitnemal
Pakistan Higher Secondary School Certificate Intermediate (Division 1) with an average of 60% in four academic subjects or successful completion of the first year of a degree at a recognised institution
Philippines Successful completion of one year of a bachelor’s degree at a recognised university
Singapore GCE “A” levels*
Sri Lanka GCE “A” levels*
Taiwan Successful completion of one year of a bachelor’s degree at a recognised university; or two years study at a recognised junior college
Thailand Successful completion of Mathayom 6 with GPA 3.0 or better; or successful completion of one year of a bachelor’s degree at a recognised university
UK GCE “A” levels*
USA High School diploma with minimum B average grade/ GPA 3 and SAT score minimum 1200 (prior to 2004) and 1700 since 2004
Vietnam Successful completion of Bang Tot Nghiep Pho Thong Trung Hoc (1975 onwards) with minimum average of 75% in 4 subjects or successful completion of one year of a bachelor’s degree at a recognised university
*Completion of A Level. The minimum eligibility requirement is 3 A Level subjects at Grade E. The subject General Studies (or its equivalent) will not be considered. AS (or H1) Level subjects will not be considered.
Pathways to undergraduate degree
Students who do not meet the university's academic entry requirements may be eligible for admission to a Certificate III, IV or Diploma or the University's Foundation Studies program as a pathway to a degree.
Advanced standing
International students who have completed post-secondary studies may request consideration for advanced standing (transfer credit) towards an undergraduate degree at Charles Darwin University. Applications for credit must include full documentation of previous studies, including certified course descriptions. International students awarded credit based on previous studies must maintain full-time enrolment at the university as a condition of their student visa.
Cousework programs
The minimum academic requirements for admission to a postgraduate or graduate entry degree is the completion of a bachelor's degree which is deemed equivalent to an Australian bachelor's degree by the University's qualification assessment references. Applicants may also be required to satisfy specific course requirements such as a minimum overall grade score, prerequisite knowledge or work experience.
Applicants must have successfully completed the equivalent of an Australian honours degree or master's degree.
Certificate level programs A qualification equivalent to Australian Year 10
Diploma and Advanced Diploma programs A qualification equivalent to Australian Year 12
English language entry requiements
While IELTS remains the principal English language proficiency qualification, listed below are other qualifications which would satisfy the University's minimum English language proficiency requirements. All tests are valid for two years from the date of the test to the date of commencement at CDU, unless otherwise specified.
Regardless of CDU's requirements and acceptance of certain equivalents, all applicants must still satisfy the Department of Immigration and Border Protection (DIBP) English language proficiency (ELP) requirements for student visa applications (if applicable).
Test / Course
Postgraduate requirement
Undergraduate requirement
VET requirement
IELTS Academic Module A minimum overall score of 6.5 with no band less than 6.0.
A minimum overall score of 6.0 with no band less than 6.0, except for:
B.Nursing, B. Midwifery, and B. Social Work which require a minimum overall score of 6.5 with no band less than 6.5
B. Pharmacy and Bachelor of Education (Graduate Entry), minimum overall 6.5 with no band less than 6.0.
A minimum overall score of 5.5 with no band less than 5.0
Australian Technology and Management College (ATMC) Successful completion of English for Academic Purposes (EAP). Students will be required to sit an exit test on completion and achieve a score equivalent to IELTS overall 6.5. Successful completion of English for Academic Purposes (EAP). Students will be required to sit an exit test on completion and achieve a score equivalent to IELTS overall 6.0.
Cambridge Advanced English (CAE) A minimum overall score of 176 with no skill below 169. A minimum overall score of 169 with no skill below 169, except for:
B.Nursing/ B. Midwifery/ B.Social Work: A minimum overall score of 176 with no skill below 176.
B. Pharmacy / B. Education (Graduate Entry): A minimum overall score of 176 with no skill below 169.
A minimum overall score of 165, except Cert III. In Hospitality (Commercial Cookery) and Cert. III in Retail Baking which require a minimum overall score of 170.
Common European Framework
Certificate of English Proficiency A minimum overall grade of C1, valid for three years from the date of the test to the date of commencement at CDU. A minimum overall grade of B2.
Navitas Academic English A minimum overall pass of 65% in Academic English 3 with a 65% pass in the research essay; Research courses require a minimum overall pass of 65% in Academic English 3 and a 75% pass in the research essay. A minimum overall pass of 55% in Academic English 3, except for B.Nursing, B.Midwifery, B.Pharmacy and B. Social Work which require a minimum overall score pass of 65% in Academic English 3. An overall pass of 60% in Academic English 2
Pearson Test of English (PTE) Academic module A minimum overall score of 58 with no score lower than 50.
A minimum overall score of 50 with no score lower than 50, except for:
B.Nursing, B. Midwifery, and B. Social Work which require a minimum overall score of 58 with no score less than 58 in Listening, Speaking, Reading and Writing
B. Pharmacy whichs require a minimum overall score of 58 with no score less than 50.
A minimum overall score of 42 with no less than 36 in Reading, Writing, Listening and Speaking.
TOEFL Internet based Test (iBT) A minimum overall score of 79 with a minimum writing score of 21.
A minimum overall score of 60 and a minimum writing score of 21, except for:
B.Nursing and B.Midwifery which require a minimum overall score of 80 with no score less than 22 in Speaking, Writing, Reading and Listening.
B. Social Work which requires a minimum overall score of 79 with a minimum writing score of 22.
B. Pharmacy which requires a minimum overall score of 79 with a minimum writing score of 21.
A minimum overall score of 46 with a minimum writing score of 21.
A guide in determining how many weeks of Academic English program would be required based on an IELTS test result (or equivalent):
Minimum IELTS Test Result Requirement
Program Applied for at CDU
Number of Weeks Required for English Program
Navitas Program
Overall 6.0, Writing 5.5 with no band less than 5.0 Postgraduate (Master) and B Nursing/B Midwifery/ B Social Work/ B Pharmacy/ B Education (Graduate Entry) 10 weeks Academic English 3 (10 weeks)*
Overall 5.5 with Writing 5.5 and no band less than 5.0 Bachelor (except B Nursing/B Midwifery/ B Social Work/ B Pharmacy/ B Education (Graduate Entry)) 10 weeks Academic English 3 (10 weeks)*
*Depending on GTE/GS assessment , some applicants may not be approved with 20 weeks English program package.
Education undertaken
(for International students only)
Australian Secondary Schooling Completion of a recognised Australian Year 12 including English 4 SA or equivalent. Completion of a recognised Australian Year 10 or higher for admission to Cert IV or higher.
Overseas Senior Secondary Schooling Completion of a recognised overseas secondary qualification from the list of English Speaking Countries (Table A) where the medium of instruction was English.
For B.Nursing, B.Midwifery & B.Social Work completion of a recognised overseas secondary qualification from the Standard English Language list.
Course/s at AQF Level 4 or higher Successful completion of two years full time equivalent at a recognised institution in a country from the list of English Speaking Countries (Table A) where the medium of instruction was English. Successful completion of one year full time equivalent at a recognised institution in a country from the list of English Speaking Countries (Table A) where the medium of instruction was English.
For for B.Nursing, B.Midwifery & B.Social Work: successful completion of two years full time equivalent at a recognised institution in a country from the list of English Speaking Countries (Table A) where the medium of instruction was English.
Table A: Recognised English Speaking Countries
(Requires written confirmation that the medium language of instruction was English)
UK – Scotland
UK – England
UK – Northern Ireland
UK – Wales
Requirement(s)
Canada A score of 60% in English in the final year of the Ontario Secondary School Diploma or Canadian Pre-University program, valid for two years from the date of the test to the date of commencement at CDU.
Denmark A grade of 9 or better in Senior High School English, valid for five years, from the date of the test to the date of commencement at CDU.
Finland A grade of 8 or better in English or English A – language within the Upper Secondary School Certificate, valid for five years, from the date of the test to the date of commencement at CDU.
Germany A grade of 4 or better in English in Senior High School exam (Arbitur) valid for five years, from the date of the test to the date of commencement at CDU.
Hong Kong Level 4 in the Hong Kong Diploma of Secondary Education (HKDSE) English Language Examination.
Malaysia A grade of C6 or better in the General Paper in the GCE 'O' Level 1119 Bahasa Inggeris (English language) subject from the Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia (SPM); Note: There are two grades for 1119 Bahasa Inggeris; only the GCE-O Level grade is accepted. The GCE-O Level 1119 Bahasa Inggeris grade is stated on the SPM result slip, however, it is not available on the SPM final certificate.
Netherlands A grade of 8 or above on completion of 6 years of English at High School , valid for five years, from the date of the test to the date of commencement at CDU.
Norway A grade of 4 on the upper secondary school, valid for five years, from the date of the test to the date of commencement at CDU.
Singapore A score of D or better in the General Paper in the Singapore Cambridge General Certificate of Education (Advanced Level) OR a grade of C or better in English Language in the Singapore-Cambridge General Certificate of Education (Ordinary Level). Both are valid for 2 years, from the date of the test to the date of commencement at CDU.
Sweden A grade of VG or better in English in the Senior School Studies, valid for five years from the date of the test to the date of commencement at CDU.
If you have not already organised accommodation with a recommended accommodation provider such as IHD or UniLodge, it is important to organise temporary accommodation for your first few nights here before arriving in Australia. This might be at a local hostel, or with a friend or family member. From here, you can begin to search for the accommodation option that best fits your needs.
University recommended accommodation
There are plenty of accommodation options in Darwin, including on-campus accommodation, student accommodation, and private renting. CDU recommends two accommodation options that can offer affordable and convenient living in walking distance from all university facilities, as well as entertainment facilities and activities for those times that you need a break from your studies.
International House Darwin (IHD)
Located on Casuarina campus, IHD offers a great residential community for both local and international students.
IHD is:
a two-minute walk to the CDU library, university amenities and teaching areas
within easy walking distance to a major shopping area
equipped with a swimming pool, computer facilities, recreational areas, study rooms and spacious gardens
equipped with furnished standard rooms, some with ensuite options
part of a network of International Houses in Australia and overseas.
UniLodge Darwin
UniLodge DarwinUniLodge Darwin student accommodation opened in February 2015, offering students a modern and convenient living environment only 800 meters from the gates of Charles Darwin University.
Unilodge has the following features:
great recreation room with pool tables and table tennis
large media room with 70inch LED TV and FOXTEL
outdoor terrace with BBQs
study rooms on every level
situated on Darwin's largest shopping precinct, Casuarina Square.
UniLodge Darwin is a purpose built student accommodation building, offering residents a large range of room options at different price points. For more information, please visit UniLodge Darwin or call the UniLodge concierge on (08) 8942 0706.
Renting alone or sharing with others can be a great option whilst studying. Charles Darwin University offers a free off-campus accommodation advising service, which can assist you with:
searching for accommodation
making an application for accommodation
organising share accommodation
understanding your rights and responsibilities during a tenancy period
ending a tenancy agreement.
When searching for your new home, you can use sites like Gumtree and Flatmates to find a share house arrangement. It is important to always visit a location before you commit to moving in, or pay any money for rent or bond.
Rental accommodation is advertised through StudyStays. You are also welcome to contact local real estate agents for listings of rental properties
The accommodation officer is happy to discuss your accommodation options but is unable to book or arrange accommodation on your behalf. If you require assistance, please contact Accommodation Services via email ataccommodation.assistance@cdu.edu.au or make an appointment by contacting Equity Services on 08 8946 6288. You can also visit Equity Services online for further information.
For rights and responsibilities regarding renting accommodation in the Northern Territory please visit Consumer Affairs.
Finding accommodation in Melbourne
Whilst Charles Darwin University does not have any designated student accommodation available in Melbourne, there are several generic student accommodation options available such as UniLodge Melbourne and Urbanestthat you can apply for.
Renting is also a great option, alone or with friends and family. Melbourne offers a wide range of price points based on locality and property type, so make sure you visit the property before signing a lease or paying any money. Remember to ensure that you are near public transport so you can easily get to university and work.
When searching for your new home, you can use sites like Gumtree and Flatmates to find a share house arrangement.
It is important when renting to be aware of your rights and responsibilities as a tenant. If you are ever unsure of your rights, visit Consumer Affairs or contact the CDU Accommodation Officer on 08 8946 6288.
Finding accommodation in Sydney
Charles Darwin University does not offer student accommodation in Sydney, however there are several generic student accommodation options available such as UniLodge, Urbanest and Iglu.
Renting is also a great option, alone or with friends and family. Sydney offers a wide range of price points based on locality and property type, so make sure you visit the property before signing a lease or paying any money. Remember to ensure that you are nearby public transport, and can easily get to university and work.
It is important when renting to be aware of your rights and responsibilities as a tenant. If you are ever unsure of your rights, visit Fair Trading or contact the CDU Accommodation Officer on 08 8946 6288.
Homestay offers the experience of living with a local family, and sharing your culture while you learn about your new country. If you are interested in exploring the option of homestay, or wish to find out more, you can visit the Australian Homestay Network.
Read More About Australia
Study Options in Australia
Living for International Students in Australia
Education Systems in Australia
Scholarships and Money in Australia
50% discount off first semester - Advanced Diploma of International Hotel and Resort Management - CIT TAFE Canberra Australia
What is the post-study work opportunities for international students in Australia?
Why student wish to study in Australia?
What are the benefits of studying in Australia?
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>> AnnArborObserver.com >> Articles >> News
Photo © Courtesy Neumodx
Faster Testing
Machines made on Eisenhower Pkwy. are evaluating nearly a million Covid-19 tests a month.
by Ken Garber
From the December, 2020 issue
In February, the leaders of NeuMoDx Molecular Systems realized that a global pandemic was underway. In just three weeks, the local company adapted its medical diagnostics devices to test for the virus that causes Covid-19. On March 20, it applied for emergency use authorization from the FDA, and got the approval ten days later.
At the time, the machines were being used mainly to test blood for viruses like hepatitis B and C, for sexually transmitted diseases, and for pathogens that could pose a threat to transplant patients. Since then, "everybody who had [the device] before has converted" to Covid testing, says NeuMoDx president and COO Sundu Brahmasandra, with most new orders also due to ceaseless coronavirus testing demand. "From April onwards, 99 percent of our testing has been Covid."
NeuMoDx (pronounced new∙MOD∙X) has been so successful that in September Dutch diagnostics giant Qiagen, which was already handling NeuMoDx sales and service in Europe and other global markets, exercised an option to buy NeuMoDx, paying $248 million for the four-fifths of the company it didn't already own. For local venture capital firm Arboretum Ventures, which invested in NeuMoDx in 2012 and 2014, the sale "was our single largest cash return," says Arboretum founder and managing partner Jan Garfinkle. Garfinkle calls Brahmasandra and NeuMoDx founder Jeff Williams "the best of the best" in the molecular diagnostics industry.
Williams formed what was then Molecular Systems Corporation in 2010; Brahmasandra, a chemical engineer, arrived in 2012 to develop the company's product line. Its two automated testing devices went on sale in 2018, one capable of loading ninety-six patient samples and the other 288.
Both machines employ a liquid- handling robot to move patient samples and chemicals known as reagents in and out of various chambers, including tiny "microfluidic" channels barely a thousandth of an inch wide. They can isolate, amplify, and detect pathogen genetic material in whole blood, plasma, urine, saliva or nasal swab.
NeuMoDx's devices are unique, says Brahmasandra,
...continued below...
for their combination of high capacity, or throughput, and their speed. Other machines offer one or the other, but not both. The larger device can process 300-plus samples in an eight-hour work shift, with the first results appearing within forty to eighty minutes.
About a dozen institutions in the U.S., and more than eighty in other countries, use NeuMoDx machines for Covid testing, including Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital in Memphis, and Johns Hopkins Medicine in Baltimore. A recent paper in the Journal of Clinical Virology showed the NeuMoDx system, at three different institutions, to be at least as accurate as standard manual methods for Covid testing, and far more efficient. Johns Hopkins cut its overall Covid test turnaround time in half, from twenty hours to about ten, after introducing the NeuMoDx device. "We use other automated systems currently for diagnosis, but the NeuMoDx has been the most heavily used," emails Hopkins pathologist Heba Mostafa.
NeuMoDx has quadrupled its production of testing machines since the pandemic began. Working in two buildings in the Eisenhower Commerce Center, roughly 220 employees now turn out about twenty a month. Output of kits of reagents and consumables has increased tenfold, to 700,000 to 1 million tests a month.
It could have been more, Brahmasandra says, if not for shortages of everything from reagents to machine parts to the pipette tips that the robot uses to transfer fluids. Given those bottlenecks, Brahmasandra says, "there's only so much we can do." And the U.S. still doesn't have nearly enough rapid Covid testing capacity to effectively blunt the virus.
Brahmasandra believes that America's Covid-19 testing debacle could have been averted. "A pandemic like this illuminates again the importance of having a supply chain that's efficient and reliable and protected," he says. "It would have been a much safer world if we had been able to scale the diagnosis up front, and use it in larger settings or more widespread settings."
NeuMoDx is Brahmasandra's second successful local company. A native of Bangalore, India, he earned his PhD in chemical engineering in the U-M lab of Mark Burns in 2001. The previous year Brahmasandra and a fellow grad student from India, Kalyan Handique, founded HandyLab to develop a portable "lab on a chip" to analyze DNA, capitalizing on investor interest in a prototype device they first reported in the prestigious journal Science. That project never bore fruit, but the company, with Williams as CEO, did eventually market a successful automated diagnostic testing machine. Becton Dickinson bought HandyLab in 2009 for $275 million. Within a year, the medical device giant announced that it was closing the local HandyLab offices and moving operations to Maryland.
There's no sign that Qiagen plans anything similar for NeuMoDx, says Brahmasandra, who points out that the company has actually hired about thirty local workers since the acquisition, with no layoffs. The only departure was Williams. "It was Jeff's decision to leave, and let Qiagen basically take over the leadership of the company," says Brahmasandra. (Williams did not reply to emails.)
In the short term, NeuMoDx seems safe, given the exploding demand for its products amid the pandemic. The Ann Arbor company "is definitely a strong pillar of growth that we see a lot of potential for at Qiagen," says Robert Reitze, Qiagen's senior manager for public relations. "And so there's no indication that anything like [layoffs] will occur."
HandyLab's other co-founder, Kalyan Handique, also helped build a second successful local medical diagnostics company: in 2011, he joined founders Priya Gogoi, Saedeh Sepehri, and Chris Siemer at Celsee Inc. The company, whose products enable researchers to capture and analyze individual cells, was sold in April for $99.3 million.
[Originally published in December, 2020.]
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Photo: Any deer
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Bermuda Half Marathon Derby
Posted on May 8, 2019/RunSignUp/Last Updated 2 years ago
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St. George, UT, USA
Type of Activity: Half Marathon, Running
Note! New Start Times for 2020
Individual Half Marathon Friday May 29th 2020 - Starting 8:30am
Relay Division Friday May 29th 2020 - Starting at 8:40am
This event is sanctioned by the Bermuda National Athletics Association(BNAA)
Race Organizers Contact Email: info@bermudamarathon.bm Phone: 441-737-0046
Half Marathon - Participant Information and Instructions:
Date: Friday, May 29, 2020
Start Time: 8:30 a.m.
Early Registration: $50 through March 31, $55 April 1 through May 15.
Late Registration (Online only): $65 through May 22
Final Registration (At number pick-up only): $80, Saturday May 23
ENTRY FEE does not include the cost of the ferry and is
NON-REFUNDABLE & NON-TRANSFERABLE.
Registration opens on February 3.
Online registration closes Friday, May 22, 2020.
Please review all of the information below before registering.
Ferry to ‘Start Line’ leaves promptly at 7:00 a.m. from Albouy’s Point to Watford Bridge.
Tickets ($4)may be purchased at Number Pick-up.
South Shore and Middle Road junction will close promptly at 8:00 a.m.
Vehicles will not be allowed to proceed to Somerset after this time.
Medical details must be filled out on the back of the race number issued to you.
Changing / Rest Rooms are available at Somerset Cricket Club & Warren Simmons Field (The Royal Navy Field).
This event will be chip timed. Timing chips will be attached to the back of your race bib.
Participants will be responsible for any cost incurred to replace lost bibs/chip.
Race starts at 8:30 a.m. prompt.
Race Numbers must be worn on the FRONT of shirt / vest during the entire race.
Truck carrying runners’ clothing will leave Warren Simmons Field at 8:15 a.m. prompt.
Runners must collect clothing at least 15 mins after crossing the Finish Line.
Participants running the full half-marathon are not permitted to participate in the relay division of this event.
The minimum age is 16 years years old on race day.
Awards Presentation:
A commemorative medal will be awarded to the first 700 finishers.
The Awards Presentation will be held at Argus, 14 Wesley Street, Hamilton on Thursday, June 4 from 5:30 p.m. to 7:00 p.m.
Relay - Participant Information and Instructions:
Time: 8:40 a.m.
Start: Somerset
Early Registration: $180 Through March 31, $200 April 1 through May 15
Late Registration (online only): $220 through May 22
Final Registration (at number pick-up only): $240 through May 23
ENTRY FEE does not include the cost of the ferry and is NON-REFUNDABLE & NON-TRANSFERABLE.
Please review all of information below before registering:
Ferry to ‘Start Line’ leaves promptly at 7:00 a.m. from Albouy’s Point to Watford Bridge. Tickets ($4)
may be purchased at Number Pick-up.
South Shore and Middle Road junction will close promptly at 8:00 a.m. Vehicles will not be allowed to
proceed to Somerset after this time.
Changing / Rest Rooms are available at Somerset Cricket Club & Warren Simmons Field (The Royal
Navy Field).
This event will be chip timed.
Each Team will be issued 1 (one) race chip which will be attached to a baton that must be passed at
each leg and carried from start to finish.
BATONS WILL BE HANDED OUT AT THE START LINE AFTER THE HALF MARATHON STARTS AT 8:30 A.M.
Bib labelled ‘RELAY’ must be worn on the BACK of shirt / vest during the entire race.
Each relay team will include 4 participants. The minimum age is 12 years. (effective on race day)
Relay Leg Approximate Distance and Changeover Locations
Leg 1: Approx. 4.5 miles; Somerset to Southampton Post Office
Leg 2: Approx. 2.75 miles; Southampton Post Office to Tamarind Vale
Leg 3: Approx. 2.5 miles; Tamarind Vale to Lovers Lane
Leg 4: Approx. 3.25 miles; Lovers Lane to Bernard’s Park
Finish, Bernard Park, Pembroke
There will be a Derby sign at the start of each leg.
Participants running the relay division of this event are not permitted to participate in the full half marathon.
Relay - Parking at Changeover Points:
Please do not park on private property or block private driveways!
Do not park on roadways with a yellow line, your vehicle may be ticketed by the Police.
Leg 2 Southampton Post Office, Southampton. *Parking on Port Royal School Field.
Leg 3 Harbour Road, @ Tamarind Vale, Warwick. *Parking at T.N. Tatem Middle School.
Leg 4 Lovers Lane & Harbour Road, Paget. Please do not park on private property or block private driveways on Lovers Lane and Highwood Lane.
Commemorative medals will be awarded to the first 100 teams to finish.
The Awards Presentation will be held at Argus, 14 Wesley Street, Hamilton on Thursday, June 4th from 5:30 p.m. to 7:00 p.m.
Relay Categories
School Open (must include one student / female)
Club / Corporate Open (must include one female)
Masters Mix Open (must include one female) (Note: Masters Mix Open must also have a team average age of 45 years.)
Number Pick Up:
Race numbers can be collected in Hamilton at the Argus Car Park, Trott Road on Saturday, May 23 from 10:00 a.m. to 1:00 p.m.
Goodie bags and Derby T-shirts will be available to the first 600 participants who collect their race number at the Number Pick-Up.
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About Everything
Tom’s Journal
Tom’s Videos
Tom’s Pictures
Spring Updates
March 14, 2018 August 17, 2020 adminNews, Tom's Journal
Awesome Con 2018 approaches and – big news! – Apocalypse Rock is headlining one of their screening blocks!
For those who aren’t familiar with this convention, Awesome Con is:
“Washington DC’s Comic Con … a celebration of geek culture, bringing over 70,000 fans together with their favorite stars from across comics, movies, television, toys, games, and more…”
The whole team is looking forward to representing the film and getting to check out this rad convention. Our own Robin C. Farrell has attended this festival before; returning several years in a row (even wrote a blog post about it over at DUO Media Productions). She’ll be our guide. But even she says, “showcasing Apocalypse Rock as part of the Star Wipe Films team will definitely ‘level up’ the experience!”
Later in April, we’re headed to PA for the West Chester Film Festival for a third time. Our film Last Friday In April, has been officially selected.
This is big; Last Friday is one of the best films in the collection. The hero of the film, Denny Murray (also played by Doug Powell), makes a cameo appearance in Apocalypse Rock! There’s a beautiful irony as well, since the first day of the West Chester Film Festival just happens to be Arbor Day: the last Friday in April. No word on nominations yet, but considering how much laughter this film generates with each screening, we’re hoping we have a shot at ‘Best Comedy’ and ‘Audience Favorite,’ following Apocalypse Rock‘s example.
Apocalypse RockAprilAwesome ConLast Friday In AprilScreening Block
Updated Trailer
Short Film Submission Form
This Week’s Contest
Tom’s Songs
Welcome to Apocalypse Rock
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The Scaffold
Hello and welcome to Sams Canteen.
We were sat in the office the other day at one of our rare quiet moments when we were thinking of what would our readers want to see/hear in a blog. I had just been telling a story from when I was an apprentice that was from back in the 80s when the health and safety was, to say the least, a bit relaxed when I thought that’s it ill share some of these.
Sams canteen is now up and running and we will be open & be posting stories that actually happened though we may have to change the names except mine to protect the not so innocent.
So grab a tea, coffee, and biscuit and enjoy the memories.
Sit back relax and enjoy the story
Back in 1984, the building company I was working for got a contract to add an extension and renovate a local clinic in Grimethorpe. There was quite a bit of work to do and we were there quite a few weeks. This particular day we had a ceiling to overboard and skim in the entrance hall. The previous day Neil and Bri had made a list of materials and kit that was needed to carry out the works. The ceiling was quite high so they decided to get a scaffold rigged up to work from.
How Grimethorpe clinic might have looked in the 80s
Now there are scaffolds that builders use and there are scaffolds that plasterers used back then and they were worlds apart for safety and appearance. The plasterer’s scaffold consisted of a combination of milk crates tied together mixed with bags of plaster piled on top of each other and anything else that could be stacked to the correct height. The battens, on the other hand, came in all manner of shapes and sizes taken from proper builders scaffolds over the years and left outside to soak up the elements when not being used. The problem with this was they got weathered, well and truly, so you had to sort through them and try to get the best ones.
So on the morning of the job, me & Neil went and got the scaffold, and the plaster was being dropped off with Bri & Andy. The scaffold was set with plenty of battens to walk on except one batten that when it was trodden on really bent and creaked. Bri said whatever you do only stand on that with one leg and the other leg taking the weight on the other batten, and make sure that we are both on a separate side of the scaffold. One more thing he said “only 2 at a time on the scaffold”.
The first thing they had to do while we were sorting out the water for mixing was to cut the scrims. The old boards had to have hessian scrims which were a brown wooly material in a roll about 10cm wide, this had to be put on by cutting it to the right length on the wall then applying a run of finish plaster to the joint then running in the length of the scrim. Sounds easy, doesn’t it? well, it was if the plaster didn’t dry out or the length of scrim falls off. There was a tendency if you were having a bad day, just when you put the last scrim on one would start falling off and bring every single one down. that was a “BUGGER” moment.
So all the scrims were cut and me and Andy are mixing the finish with a piece of metal pipe with a bike cog on the end. This was what is called in plastering a posher. There were no mixing drills back then it was all done with the bike cog by hand if you were lucky enough to have one. When you would work with different plasterers they all had different ones. Some were big some were small some were fat and others thin. The size and thickness judged how easily the posher went through the plaster. Plus add to this that some plasterers liked it as thin as paint and some liked it as thick as mud. so it was hard either way.
The buckets were big and heavy, Neil and Bry used to use a spot board and frame to sit the board on (a Ligga). So the idea was the labourers would mix then tip the finish onto the board but because of the weight restrictions laid down by Bry the bucket would be put on the scaffold then Neil would tip the finish on the board then pass the bucket back to be cleaned and another one then mixed up.
All went well with the first bucket and the scrims went on, with what was left over they started filling in between the scrims. by the time they had cleaned off the spot board we had mixed them another. Same happened again regarding the finish on the scaffold and Neil emptied it.
What it probably looked like when the battens broke
We were flying by now with the finish and we had another one mixed in no time so Andy lifted it on to the scaffold while Neil and Bry were skimming at opposite sides of the room. Now as I have said before Andy wasn’t the sharpest knife in the drawer when it came to thinking and to top things off he wasn’t the thinnest lad on site either (you can see where this is going can’t you). So good old kind hearted Andy decided to get on the scaffold to empty the bucket on the spot board. As he is getting up Bri shouted “Andy stay down there” Andy said “its ok ill be right”, Bry said, “Andy, Neil will get it just leave it”. By this time Andy was up and on the scaffold so he quipped “I’m up now, see told you it was ok”. The scaffold was swaying from side to side like a drunk on a cross sea ferry to Le Harve. Then Andy picked up the bucket and took one step and there was an almighty crack. The batten that Bri said not to stand on went straight through and took Andy and the bucket of finish with it, this was in the middle then all the other battens went down in what seemed like slow motion. All 3 of them ended up on the clinic floor laid in the freshly mixed pink wet finish. Neil was hurt the worst and was in some proper Northern pain. Then Bry asked if they all were ok then turned to Andy and said you, “f****ng stupid idiot”, “what were you thinking”, “Ey, what were you thinking”, and he just kept saying it and saying it. I couldn’t stop laughing even tho it was a nervous laugh. In the end, I had to go outside to the van because Bri and his voice plus how they all ended up on the floor was like a cross between Laural n Hardey and the 3 Stooges.
When everything had calmed down it turns out Neil had broken some ribs and ended up having quite a few weeks off.
But this was the 80s wasn’t it. Neil didn’t break his ribs in the fall. he had been out the night before and ended up in a big brawl in town and while he was on the floor some lads had booted him loads of times causing the damage. he ended up getting some paid time off that he wouldn’t have otherwise had, so every cloud and all that.
Andy had to clean everything up and people did not talk to him much after that and shortly after he left to become a mall cop.
Hope you enjoyed the story please visit our website for more alldrydampproofing.com
Grimethorpe
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All World Report
Home » Lifestyle » With fierce competition who is Queen of the Insta-braggers?
With fierce competition who is Queen of the Insta-braggers?
For today’s fame hungry women, enjoying five-star breaks, flaunting their toned bodies and sharing their jet-set lives on social media is part of the ‘job’… but with fierce competition who is Queen of the Insta-braggers?
With time on their hands, gazillions of pounds in the bank and bronzed, toned flesh to flaunt, just what is a girl to do? Why, hop on a plane, of course.
Insta-bragger Millie Mackintosh posted this image
Long-haul holidays are almost a full-time occupation for today’s Z-list celebrities and socialites – not to mention the exhausting task of sharing their good fortune on their Instagram accounts.
Last week, Tamara Ecclestone, the multi-millionaire daughter of Formula 1 mogul Bernie, went on her 12th holiday in as many months. Clearly she needs the rest from her demanding job as a… well, whatever it is that she does.
With former stockbroker husband Jay Rutland and four-year-old daughter Fifi, she has shared glamorous snaps from each trip with her 400,000 followers.
No mention of the Yeti-sized carbon footprint the family have left behind, naturally. But she’s not the only celeb hitting the five-star hotels and first class airport lounges.
There are plenty of rivals for the crown of Queen of the Beach Breaks, with Britain’s Got Talent judge Amanda Holden, models Kelly Brook and Millie Mackintosh and TV presenter Myleene Klass among those losing no opportunity to show off their designer bikini collections.
Who, then, is (air) miles ahead with a passport to paradise, and who has been left in the shade? Here we tally up their travels in the past 12 months.
Tamara, the Formula 1 heiress lapping the world
Holidays: 12
Air Miles: 83,260
You might think a £70 million, 57-room London mansion might contain everything a girl could ever want. But it seems that Formula 1 heiress Tamara Ecclestone, 33, is barely at her Kensington home to enjoy it, taking 12 holidays abroad in 12 months.
At least she’s making good use of her £5 million wardrobe – her extensive bikini collection has travelled from the Bahamas (above), to Dubai.
She has also twice taken a skiing trip to the swanky Swiss resort of Gstaad, above right, and took her four-year-old daughter Fifi to Lapland for a Christmas treat.
At least Tamara has her own private jet, so she doesn’t have to mix with hoi polloi at the baggage carousel.
Model who could Poppy up anywhere…
Holidays: 8
Model Poppy Delevingne is renowned for going off-piste – whether that’s skiing in the Alps with pals (below), or sipping cocktails in Mexico with Georgia May Jagger (above).
Her recent 32nd birthday was spent in a Manhattan skyscraper, and other trips include Tokyo and Venice.
Where’s Kelly, one woman who is always on the loose?
Kelly Brook posted this image on her Instagram page, showing her in Morocco
She is a regular on the Loose Women panel – but an even more regular visitor to the departure lounge… Photogenic Kelly Brook has jetted off 14 times in the last year, sharing her travels with her 915,000 Instagram followers.
Her getaways include a road trip across Provence with a pit-stop in the millionaire’s playground of St Tropez and two trips to Paris.
She has posed by the Eiffel Tower (below) and as she prepared for a traditional hammam steam bath and massage in Marrakech, Morocco, right.
Often accompanied by her French model boyfriend Jeremy Parisi, she has travelled as far afield as Hong Kong, Thailand, Iceland, Miami, Antigua and Italy. Luckily, as someone who used to have her own swimwear range, she won’t run out of bikinis.
Why life is always sweet for Millie
As heiress to the Quality Street fortune, Millie Mackintosh is certainly not ashamed to unwrap.
The 28-year-old, who is dating her former Made In Chelsea co-star Hugo Taylor, recently posted bikini snaps from a break in Antigua, right, to her 1.3 million Instagram followers.
At Christmas she was in Florida (above), and she has also spent time in Majorca, Ibiza, Cannes and Mykonos in the past 12 months.
Amanda finds Britain’s got talent – but not enough sun
She is on the panel of Britain’s Got Talent, so who are we to judge if Amanda Holden takes a well-earned break… or 11?
In the past year her trips have included Dubai (above), Marrakesh, a cycling holiday in Holland and a trip to Disneyland Paris, where she met Minnie Mouse. Perhaps she was just talent-spotting?
It’s never too hot for Frost
She’s been carrying a lot of baggage for years. So in the past 12 months actress Sadie Frost, 52, has been escaping from Primrose Hill to retreats in Majorca, Ibiza, India (above) and Venice, where she took the Orient Express (below).
Despite claiming she feels ‘less relevant’ with age, she also squeezed in a trip to California’s trendy Coachella music festival.
It’s first Klass all the way for the I’m a Celebrity star
Despite enjoying success as a member of the now-defunct pop band Hear’Say, it was showering in a skimpy white bikini in the jungle on I’m A Celebrity in 2006 that really cemented Myleene Klass’s fame.
And it appears she’s now sticking to what she does best – looking great in swimwear – albeit with a more extensive wardrobe.
Celebrating her 40th birthday in the Seychelles with daughters Ava and Hero, the star posed with a snorkel aboard a yacht (below) telling her 250,000 followers it was ‘dive day’.
And last July, while sunning herself in Portugal, out came a leopard-print two-piece, with the caption: ‘Just add water.’
Apart from a brief sojourn to the Isle of Wight to watch the Cowes Week yachting, she tends to holiday in the sun, with trips to Turkey, Spain and Dubai.
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Policy —
AT&T: net neutrality OK if we can cut priority access deals
AT&T says it's all for net neutrality now, as long as it can cut priority …
Matthew Lasar - Dec 16, 2009 3:37 pm UTC
The nation's top telco claims it is willing to meet the Federal Communications Commission halfway on net neutrality. The olive branch comes in the form of a letter that AT&T sent to the FCC on Tuesday, which suggests specific wording for Internet non-discrimination rules. In September the agency released a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking that would toughen up its Internet Policy Statement with an enforcement mechanism and transparency requirements.
Now AT&T Vice President James Cicconi says that's fine, just as long as the final Order "eschews a strict nondiscrimination standard and instead focuses on 'unreasonable and anticompetitive' forms of discrimination that adversely affect consumers." This phrasing is somewhat similar, AT&T notes, to the old 1934 Communications Act common carrier language that banned telcos from engaging in "unjust and unreasonable discrimination."
For those of you who are scratching your heads and pondering the difference between a strict standard and an anti-anticompetitive one, here's the distinction as AT&T sees it. The problem with a strict standard is that it could put the kibosh on the "availability of creative and innovative services that consumers may want to purchase."
Even worse, AT&T says, "a strict nondiscrimination rule would completely ban voluntary commercial agreements for the paid provision of certain value-added broadband services, which would needlessly deprive market participants, including content providers, from willingly obtaining services that could improve consumers' Internet experiences."
Indeed, the FCC's proposals as currently outlined would prohibit prioritized access rules, but they do include an exception for "managed services." The agency has yet to define what will fall under this category, but it might include everybody's favorite thing on the Internet: IP video. Even this loophole, however, is not sufficient for AT&T.
"We believe there should be no regulatory uncertainty when it comes to innovation," Cicconi insists.
Speaking of great minds that think alike, the cable industry recently expressed concerns similar to AT&T's. In a big speech last week, Kyle McSlarrow of the National Cable & Telecommunications Association warned that the problem with a prioritized access ban is that ISPs wouldn't be allowed to offer "quality-of-service enhancements at nondiscriminatory prices, terms and conditions to anyone who wanted it. Such arrangements would be simply off limits."
We, of course, have no idea what AT&T and NCTA specifically want when it comes to "quality-of-service enhancements." But it's easy to anticipate the fears: that ISPs will offer different levels of network management quality and access to different content providers, depending on what they're willing or able to pay. Of course, the rates will be the same for everyone—who can afford them.
And sure enough, as we were typing out those AT&T quotes, the advocacy group denouncements came flying into our e-mail account at Comcastic speed. "After leading a rabid anti-Net Neutrality lobbying campaign for years, AT&T now submits a letter to the Federal Communications Commission purporting to offer common ground," warned Free Press. "What they are proposing would allow them to violate the core principle of Net Neutrality—letting them control the Internet by picking winners and losers in a pay-for-play scheme."
Ditto, says Public Knowledge. "AT&T has tried to draw what is an imaginary line among types of discrimination," declared PK's Gigi Sohn. "The company advised the FCC that while 'unreasonable' discrimination can be banned, any discrimination caused by 'voluntary commercial agreements' is just fine because the parties involved agreed to it. That is nonsense."
Interestingly, AT&T's letter insists that it's just following the lead of others here, most notably United States Senator Olympia Snowe (R-ME), who sent the FCC a supportive statement on net neutrality in late October. It's from Snowe's commentary that AT&T appears to have derived the 'unreasonable and anticompetitive' couplet. Net neutrality will provide "peace of mind to users and developers by prohibiting unreasonable and anticompetitive discrimination that would affect Internet user's experience or choice," Snowe told the Commission.
AT&T even says it has drawn inspiration from Google, whose CEO Eric Schmidt posted a joint blog statement with Verizon CEO Lowell McAdam on open Internet questions last month. The telco's letter was particularly supportive of this passage from the commentary: "Broadband network providers should have the flexibility to manage their networks to deal with issues like traffic congestion, spam, 'malware' and denial of service attacks, as well as other threats that may emerge in the future," Schmitt and McAdam wrote, "so long as they do it reasonably, consistent with their customers' preferences, and don't unreasonably discriminate in ways that either harm users or are anti-competitive. They should also be free to offer managed network services, such as IP television."
But in its response to the telcos' letter, the pro-net neutrality Open Internet Coalition, to which Google belongs, accuses AT&T of mischaractizing the words of both Google and Snowe. When all is said, the telco "opposes a simple nondiscrimination rule to prevent network operators from discriminating against content and applications," OIG charges, "exactly what is necessary to protect the interests of its subscribers."
Still, in fairness to AT&T, whatever you think of its latest plan, the question of how to apply a "simple nondiscrimination rule" to the plethora of services that ISPs are required to carry appears to be anything but simple. The challenge is implied by the very fact that the FCC has created a "managed services" exemption for its proposed Order.
And when it comes to "faster Internet for more cash," deep-pocketed companies like Google can already buy better access by doing things like paying more for caching services, even co-locating caching servers in ISP data centers. But those arrangements do not require the ISP's own routers to give priority to any particular Web traffic.
Cicconi's missive concludes with support for an FCC launched advisory group to work on this problem and function as a source of "expert advice" for the agency on these complex issues. "It could also provide a venue for airing concerns and seeking consensus, without the need for regulatory intervention," Cicconi suggests. "Finally, it could lead to the creation of other collaborative efforts between and among the participants."
Matthew Lasar Matt writes for Ars Technica about media/technology history, intellectual property, the FCC, or the Internet in general. He teaches United States history and politics at the University of California at Santa Cruz.
Email matthew.lasar@arstechnica.com // Twitter @matthewlasar
.劉煒 Ars Legatus Legionis et Subscriptor
Way to grasp the concept, AT&T.
*rolleyes*
thebackwash Ars Scholae Palatinae et Subscriptor
What about a requirement to offer QoS at regulated rates so anyone can partake? Maybe such that these QoS'ed services wouldn't take up a portion of the bandwidth the customer is paying their monthly rate for. That way there is no degradation of service as more QoS contracts are written. If this were to through, with the (previously discussed) broadband speed disclaimer cards giving minimum speeds and what percentage of the time users can expect certain speed rates, I'll be satisfied in this whole net neutrality spectacle. Block access to a site or service and I'll be frothing at the mouth.
What made me think of all of this on the first place: The telcos all lease access to their lines at what I believe to be government-regulated rates. Anyone think this wouldn't work wrt ISPs?
skicow Ars Praefectus
This whole problem is because the large ISP's are also the owners of content -- therefore they are not happy with just being "dumb pipes". They want to use their "pipes" into their customers homes to increase the revenue they receive from their content.
The problem I have with this is, what if I'm a customer who does not want this "value-added broadband services"? Does my service take a hit because they need to dedicate more of their network to the people who paid for this value-added service? I'm thinking it would.
arclight Seniorius Lurkius
@thebackwash--Why not indeed. What you are referring to is tariffs for specific bandwidth averages and peaks. Uhh, that's the way "large" users of electricity buy today, so it's not a foreign concept.
There's absolutely no reason not to do this. Tariffs are open to all comers willing to pay the fee. There's no discriminating...if an operator discriminates on a tariffed service, they wind up paying fines in court. Tariffs can also be measured, and if the operator is cheating his customers, he can be nailed to the wall.
The real problem here is not the tariffs. It's the fact that we have made the mistake of mixing transport and content provision. The two should be rigorously separated (as they used to be), and the transport providers treated as a regulated monopoly so their rate of return can sustain maintenance of the network AND we stop the stupid practice of multiple providers building on top of each other to serve the metro areas while the rural areas are left with nothing. Access to all content providers can then be governed strictly by tariff speeds.
This doesn't have to be hard, unless folks want it to be hard.
NicoleC Ars Tribunus Militum
"so long as they do it reasonably, consistent with their customers' preferences, and don't unreasonably discriminate in ways that either harm users or are anti-competitive. They should also be free to offer managed network services, such as IP television." "
Define "Unreasonably." Is that unreasonably to me, the consumer, to the ISP and to the business partner who paid good money to put their claws in a captive audience?
Chris R. Ars Centurion
Red flags fly high every time I hear big company speak of consumer interest in a general way:
Now AT&T Vice President James Cicconi says that's fine, just as long as the final Order "eschews a strict nondiscrimination standard and instead focuses on 'unreasonable and anticompetitive' forms of discrimination that adversely affect consumers."
What adversely effects consumers is not giving them the ability to choose freely.
Which brings me to another question, could net neutrality laws be a bandage for a poor free/open Market? Supposedly if there was plenty of competition we wouldn't have to worry about enforcing net neutrality because consumers would migrate to ISPs that truly are neutral. yes, no, maybe?
361 posts | registered Dec 30, 2008
dlux Ars Legatus Legionis
Originally posted by Chris R.:
Yes. The market isn't free because of those pesky wires that have to run in public space to serve you. (And if you want to get internet service wirelessly, substitute 'radio signals' for 'wires'.) It's a hell of a conundrum.
Solution: Municipalities run three conduits to every home and lease them to the competing providers. Too bad it's too expensive to ever become a reality.
Oh, and AT&T, your argument boils down to "Laws against stealing are OK as long as we can still take stuff for free and not get punished."
23298 posts | registered Jan 1, 2006
Agreed. Whenever big companies that haven't cared a whit for their customers start expressing reservations about regulations in the name of the consumer you can be sure that the regulations would be good for consumers.
Ars of Ares Moderator et Subscriptor
Until they start delivering on their "80% of the 1.5Mpbs" that I'm paying for guarantee so that it doesn't take three days to download add-on content from PSN (an entirely legal source of content), I hope the FCC gives 'em hell.
20290 posts | registered Dec 1, 2008
"Indeed, the FCC's proposals as currently outlined would prohibit prioritized access rules, but they do include an exception for "managed services." The agency has yet to define what will fall under this category, but it might include everybody's favorite thing on the Internet: IP video. Even this loophole, however, is not sufficient for AT&T."
Managed services probably refers to CDNs.
Originally posted by divisionbyzero:
Whenever big companies that haven't cared a whit for their customers start expressing reservations about regulations in the name of the consumer you can be sure that the regulations would be good for consumers.
At least they didn't invoke "...for the children" in their plea. That's the usual giveaway that their expressed concerns are 180-degrees off from what they really think.
boranin Wise, Aged Ars Veteran
Originally posted by dlux:
Give them time, they'll get to that.
Naame Ars Centurion
If I understand this article correctly, then by giving into what AT&T is asking for here would essentially render one of the core purposes of pushing for Net Neutrality completely unfulfilled. It almost makes me ask why we should bother imposing the new rules at all if the FCC gives in to this demand?
big tuna Ars Praetorian
"Sure, we love net neutrality! We just want some data to be more neutral than others."
ZobarStyl Wise, Aged Ars Veteran
Originally posted by Naame:
Exactly the point: AT&T despises net neutrality, and if they have to let the plebes have their NN, at least make sure it has no teeth. It's pathetic just how transparent this whole shtick is.
ReaderBot Ars Praefectus
I submit that any QOS or tiered-service agreements which affect services that the ISP itself provides on it's network are de facto anti-competitive and discriminating. Otherwise AT&T would be able to pay itself to prioritize it's own IPTV traffic over everyone else's. Which is in fact, anti-competitive.
On another note, I sure wish I had as large a voice (or any) in deciding the laws and regulations that govern me as your average large corporation has.
elg2001 Seniorius Lurkius
If the FCC really had US citizens' best interests in mind, they would say "go away" to all the ISPs and implement Net Neutrality in ways that are best for everyone. The fact that these arguments are even being listened to is pathetic and shows just how much influence lobbyists really have. It would be great if this led to another civil war, cause I'm really fed up with the whole party system. It's useless. Too bad there's no countries without parties except for the really fucked up regimes like North Korea where there's no choice at all.
40 posts | registered Aug 5, 2009
Why is line leasing expensive? The cost of installing and running the fiber/copper is the same if a third party does it or the ISPs do it. If anything I'd see it costing less because of reduced duplication in lines.
The problem is the right-of-ways available to run services. Once one utility/service provider takes up a prime location on the poles or underground, the next one to come along has a much harder time finding available space. The same goes for the airwaves. If it weren't for this logistical/political problem we could have much more competition for providing Internet service.
As for line leasing, why would an entrenched ISP allow a competitor to use their facilities? They can make far more money charging the customer directly while locking everyone else out.
MatthiasF Ars Tribunus Militum
I agree with thebackwash and arclight. QOS is very helpful in improving traffic by reducing dropped packets for time-sensitive services. To outlaw QOS entirely is ridiculous. If you're worried ISPs will abuse QOS, outline rules for it's use but don't eliminate it completely.
I would prefer the FCC would mandate that if ISPs intend to create QOS products to sell, they must maintain a specific level of service for the lowest QOS setting (0 - best effort) and offer specific levels of QOS for free to everyone (QOS levels 1-3 for gaming, voice, teleconferencing, etc.) that must also meet specific performance metrics like best effort.
This should meet the nondiscriminatory requirements of the First Amendment, while also allowing ISPs to expand their products funding router upgrades.
naphini Ars Praefectus
Tijger Ars Tribunus Angusticlavius et Subscriptor
AT&T seems to be asking to be allowed to provide content services to partners while not discriminating against other parties, isnt that exactly what Net Neutrality is supposed to be?
Wikipedia says its this:
"Network neutrality (also net neutrality, Internet neutrality) is a principle proposed for user access networks participating in the Internet that advocates no restrictions on content, sites, or platforms, on the kinds of equipment that may be attached, and on the modes of communication allowed, as well as communication that is not unreasonably degraded by other traffic.[1][2][3]
The principle states that if a given user pays for a certain level of Internet access, and another user pays for a given level of access, that the two users should be able to connect to each other at the subscribed level of access."
Where does that say an ISP cannot offer higher quality level services for third parties?
Originally posted by Tijger:
A higher quality of service for one party is inherently discriminating against others. You do understand that the caveat of offering 'higher quality' of service is that you inevitably create a lower quality tier, yes?
earl grey Ars Scholae Palatinae
It's been stated before, but it bears repeating: One rule for them all
You sell content - you don't own the pipes; you own the pipes - you don't sell content.
Originally posted by ZobarStyl:
The Internet already has tiers. Services like MPLS run at higher QOS levels than best-effort. Splitting up common services running over best-effort to higher QOS levels won't degrade the best-effort traffic. It will more than likely improve best-effort traffic by moving intensive traffic to higher QOS in order to avoid high packet loss. Since any dropped packet has to be retransmitted, this would free up resources on the router for more traffic.
Routers don't set aside resources only for the higher QOS levels. It's a priority queue going through a shared processor. So don't make this out to be a car pool lane that sites idle and hinders the rest of the highway's traffic. It's more like everyone pulling out of the way of an emergency vehicle with it's lights on, which might slow down the rest of the cars a bit but a time-sensitive situation was made a priority.
If allowing 15-20% of the Internet's traffic (VOIP, video streaming, video conferencing, etc.) to be set into higher QOS levels reduces packet retransmission by an equal rate, then we just made the Internet 15-20% faster for everyone.
atergo Ars Scholae Palatinae
From what I understand, and I don't claim to be an expert, Net Neutrality is primarily in regards to the ISP giving their own services higher QoS than their competitors. For example, if comcast gave their own VoiP service a higher QoS, while lowering the QoS of Vonage. This has been done, and it's what caused the whole Net Neutrality debate in the first place.
Originally posted by atergo:
More NN misinformation. Comcast didn't lower Vonage or hinder their service. Almost all consumer traffic runs at the lowest QOS level of best-effort. As it turned out, Vonage admitted the problem was on their end.
http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,1933665,00.asp
Originally posted by MatthiasF:
Regardless, the perception was that it was going on. And that perception is what led to the NN issue. Or at least one of the contributing factors.
ReaderBot: You and I will probably disagree, but I have no problem with the owners of infrastructure capital leveraging it to deliver a content product or service, (perhaps even at a lower price than competitors!) What I have a problem with, as I'm sure you'll agree, is the intentional degradation of a competitor's service, or forcing the competition to compete on an uneven playing field, because they aren't given access to the same QoS guarantees. I think leasing out QoS contracts at a government-regulated rate is a fair middle ground, allowing service providers to provide an attractive product, ISPs to make a (reasonable) profit on their infrastructure end, and consumers will see no degradation of service in the products they use, or at least have an understanding of what level of performance they're paying for (which is where the broadband performance scorecard comes in.)
Sure, it will be incumbent on the non-ISP service providers to differentiate their product sufficiently from an ISP's in order to overcome whatever price disadvantage they have, but sometimes pressure can be good for business.
Catafriggm Ars Scholae Palatinae
Since any dropped packet has to be retransmitted, this would free up resources on the router for more traffic.
New math at work here?
For guaranteed protocols like TCP, the amount of data is the same regardless of QOS tier, and EVERY dropped packet needs to be resent. QOS has 0 influence over the amount of packets getting resent, and it makes no difference which tier the packet getting dropped is in. Your "15-20% faster for everyone" is, in reality, "0% faster for everyone" (in the sense of actual transfer quantity), because it affects the quantity of packet retransmissions zilch.
For non-guaranteed protocols of course this isn't necessarily true. Depending on the protocol it may be possible to simply drop (as in to forget about and not resend) dropped packets because they're too old to be useful. Ironically, the types of protocols this principle is applicable to are real-time protocols, those very ones you want to guarantee aren't dropped. Thus, if you wanted to take factual accuracy to an anal level, prioritizing these packets actually INCREASES the total amount of resent data, by causing packets that are guaranteed delivery to be resent more often.
sheyinghi Ars Praetorian
""We believe there should be no regulatory uncertainty when it comes to innovation," Cicconi insists."
Well yeah, that's the whole idea, although his uncertainty and mine are poles apart.
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Essays Database Essays Humanity in A Hanging by George Orwell Essay
Humanity in A Hanging by George Orwell Essay
Humanity in “A Hanging” by George Orwell
In the essay “A Hanging” by George Orwell, there are distinct
references to a deeper humanity of the situation, as well as a genuine
awareness of humanity’s ambivalence. There are two powerful examples in
the essay that illuminates this contradiction. First, Orwell employs
references to animal captivity, and provides a startling contrast to the
brutal living conditions of the prisoners with an event of animalistic
affection. Also, Orwell explores the duplicity of the human conscience,
again, inspired by a seemingly meaningless event: the prisoner avoiding the
puddle on his way to being hanged. Such minor, yet crucial details are
what make Orwell such an excellent writer-he sees the world as it is: full
of wonder and ugliness.
We will write a custom essay on Humanity in A Hanging by George Orwell specifically for you
Orwell describes the condemned prisoners as “brown silent men
squatting at the inner bars, with their blankets wrapped around them.” He
makes them seem very much like caged animals in his description-the
prisoners are, after all, waiting for death in “small animal cages.” The
prisoner to be put to death is removed from his cell by six Indian warders.
On his first appearance Orwell remarks that he is “a puny wisp of a man,
with a shaven head and vague liquid eyes,” and that the prisoner wore an
absurd moustache. Orwell’s initial description of the Hindu seems hardly
human, ridiculous, not worth a care. The Hindu is handled “in a careful
caressing grip,” Orwell observes, although this care does not exceed the
caution used in handling a struggling fish.
Ironically, a “dreadful thing” occurs, a dog enters the scene innocent
of what is about to happen, and begins to play with the prisoner causing
dismay among everyone present. This simple display of affection by the
dog, forces them to see the terrible reality of what their doing: ending a
man’s life. The animalistic treatment of the man begins to dissolve with
the appearance of a real, playful animal, compelling them to see him as a
conscious, thinking person.
Similarly, a small rational act of the prisoner disturbs Orwell’s
conscience. Orwell notices the prisoner stepping “slightly aside to avoid a
puddle on the path”, simultaneously he sees the mystery, the unspeakable
wrongness of what they are about to do: end the mans life “when it is in
full tide.” Orwell is mortified by the realization that in a few minutes
time “with a sudden snap one of us would be gone-one mind less, one world
” Orwell begins to feel a kinship of humanity with the condemned man.
It is here that we see Orwell’s ambivalence: he indicts himself and his
companions for acting against their true feelings. Perhaps not all present
at the hanging share Orwell’s compassion.
The superintendent, at least, seems troubled by his conscience.
Orwell characterizes him as reticent towards what is about to take place.
Twice Orwell describes him prodding the ground with his stick with his head
downcast.
Instead of cancelling the execution, the hanging is pressed on
with even more haste, for the sake of their combined consciences-the
prisoner’s cries, even muffled by the cloth bag are unbearable to the
audience in the small yard. Once the execution is over (as well as the
cries to God), the superintendent pokes the body with his stick, remarking:
“‘He’s all right.'” But there is no way the dead man is “all right”-he’s
simply dead. It is the superintendent and the others who are now all
right: their guilt dies as quickly as the prisoner’s cries for help.
The following breakfast “seemed quite a homely, jolly scene after the
hanging,” Orwell writes. “An enormous relief had come upon us now that the
job was done.
READ: Investing In Canada Essay
One felt an impulse to sing, to break into a run, to
snigger. All at once everyone began chattering gaily.” They all seem to
be relieved that this horrible deed is out of the way and they can go on
with the normalities of prison life. These people seem only concerned with
their own feelings, and not of the death of a man. They are able to eat
and drink with the dead man only a hundred yards away; being distanced from
their act consoles them. The hundred yards that separates them may as well
be a million-the act is largely forgotten.
George Orwell’s experiences in Burma reveal the hideous contradiction
in all human beings; Orwell shows that he has a great understanding of the
ambivalence of humanity, taken from his own life experience. He never once
mentions the condemned mans guilt: Orwell is concerned with .
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Topic: Humanity in A Hanging by George Orwell Essay
Humanity in "A Hanging" by George Orwell In the essay "A Hanging" by George Orwell, there are distinct references to a deeper humanity of the situation, as well as a genuine awareness of humanity's ambivalence. There are two powerful examples in the essay that illuminates this contradiction. First, Orwell employs references to animal captivity, and provides a startling contrast to the brutal living conditions of the prisoners with an event of animalistic affection. Also, Orwell
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Home Sports Golf Women’s golf to play in first of five fall tournaments
Women’s golf to play in first of five fall tournaments
Dj Ramirez
Baylor sophomore Gurleen Kaur competes in a match on Sept. 6, 2018 at Ridgewood Country Club. Photo courtesy of Baylor Athletics
By DJ Ramirez | Sports Editor
Baylor women’s golf is ready to hit the green. The Lady Bears, who finished their last season tied for eighth in the NCAA East Lansing Regional, begin a heavy fall schedule with a trip up to Dallas to compete in the Trinity Forest Invitational.
While head coach Jay Goble is excited to get his team back on the course, the most important work will be done when the spring comes.
“Our message always stays pretty consistent this time of year. You know, we don’t need to be playing our best golf in September. We’re looking to gain momentum throughout the year, work on our mistakes, you know, things that we need to get better at throughout the year and if we can peak in April and May that’s what we’re looking every year,” Goble said.
According to Goble, the fall is really about building team experience and getting to know what his golfers can bring, especially with a new freshman and transfer on the roster.
“I have a group that I just want to get out on the golf course. I think there’s a couple players that I’m still getting to know their games and kind of just see what we have, and get out there and get some experience under our belt,” Goble said.
After competing in a qualifier match for a spot in the lineup, six Lady Bears will tee off at Trinity Forest, playing for 36 holes on Monday and 18 on Tuesday. Junior Gurleen Kaur takes the top spot followed by redshirt senior transfer Elodie Chapalet, junior Diane Baillieux, senior Fiona Liddell and junior Jordan Shackelford, who makes her first appearance on a lineup despite being here for three years.
Freshman Anika Veintemilla and senior Tuan-Yu “Erica” Chiang did not qualify but will still compete in the individual matches on Sunday.
Goble noted that the lineup will probably be shuffled around in the coming weeks and that he feels that the players that didn’t make the low six will have the time to develop their game throughout the season.
“I’m actually having them play for the lineup the following weeks. So, six players are going to go with us to Trinity Forest and the low five out of those six will travel to the next event,” Goble said. “Erica Chiang is somebody who’s been in our lineup all last year. She did not make the low six for the next two tournaments. I foresee that she’s going to get her game back together and she’ll get back in the lineup soon as well. Yeah, I feel good about our depth even though we’re a small team, all seven of them are really, really great.”
Kaur said that the competition in the qualifiers will only make the team better.
“I think it’s great. Competition in qualifying is great, especially since all we do is compete in tournaments,” Kaur said. “Me and Elodie had a really good time qualifying. We both played really well and I think we’re both looking forward to the first tournament. I think pushing each other is what we need.”
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Posted on: December 19, 2019 Last updated on: December 16, 2020 Written by:
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Display results as : Posts Topics. Advanced Search. Go to page ‘, event. According to his sister’s FB post, he was very excited when he was told the Bachelorette was going to be Des. Hopefully, we will get to see his filmed reaction. Brill Posts : Join date :
No-one likes to see anyone getting their heart broken, so it was really tough to watch Desiree Hartsock saying goodbye to Drew Kenney on the season finale of The Bachelorette – especially as he’d been planning to propose. Obviously we had a whole bunch of questions for Drew, so it’s just as well that he got on the phone to reporters! Read on to find out what he had to say about getting over Desiree, Juan Pablo becoming the Bachelor and more What was your family’s reaction when they found out you wouldn’t be bringing Desiree back again?
But their support never wavered, and they just wanted me to be happy when it was all said and done. They thought that ending up with Des was what I wanted and they supported that, but when it didn’t happen that way they hurt just as much as I did.
Drew kenney dating amy long. At the reunion, Bachelor told Chris Harrison that she regretted ending things with Jones, and decided to fly to Maryland, cameras.
Bachelorette host Chris Harrison tried to point that out to Desiree Hartsock about Brooks Forester, but to little avail. She felt sure. As much as one can break up with someone who is also dating two other people, as Siegfried and Kenney are still in the running, theoretically. He was as wishy-washy ending it with Hartsock as he was in trying to explain his decision to Harrison. About 15 minutes later, the host sat down with Hartsock for a talk in which she said she was pretty much done.
Yes and no, he says. I thought this is going to suck and this is going to be brutal. This was more of a hindrance, more of a pain for us, as producers … The entire show was dumped upside down in the final two week of shooting. Filming the aftermath of that emotional bombshell demonstrates how the franchise has changed in the course of its 11 years on the air, Harrison points out. Well, not everything, of course. Will Hartsock walk away from it all or will she give it a go with either Siegfried or Kenney, both of whom are ready to propose?
Desiree Hartsock and viewers were left with their jaws on the floor last week when Brooks Forester , the man Des revealed she was in love with, bowed out of the ABC reality series, admitting he couldn’t see a future with her. Alas, the Bachelorette decided to soldier on and hold a rose ceremony with the two remaining men: Drew Kenney and Chris Siegfried. So who did Desiree choose to give her heart to in the end? Or was she the first Bachelorette in history to leave the series alone?
Desiree is engaged to Chris, y’all!
Drew Kenney, Bachelorette Alum, Dating Chris Harrison’s Assistant Vanessa Magos! Looks like Drew Kenney made a love connection on The Bachelorette after.
Former “Bachelorette” finalist Drew Kenney is reportedly dating host Chris Harrison’s personal assistant. Kenney made it to the final two but was ultimately rejected by last season’s Bachelorette, Desiree Hartsock. Kenney was stunned when Hartsock chose to be with Chris Siegfried after contestant Brooks Forrester broke her heart. He had expressed his love for Hartsock repeatedly throughout the season and was himself heartbroken when she gave him the final rose but told him he wasn’t for her. I’ve finally found The One, my soul mate.
I would get on a knee today and ask her to marry me. Kenney is a faithful Christian and may have used his Twitter account to hint of a new relationship with Vanessa Magos. Otherwise, he generally uses it to offer quotes from the Pope and Bible verses, along with philosophical quotes. I guess that’s why they call it falling,” Kenney tweeted last month.
That includes “Paradise,” “Bachelor Pad,” and even couples that never shared any screen time, but met through their “Bachelor” connection. Over the six weeks of “The Bachelor Presents: Listen to Your Heart,” a musical spin-off show, fans got to see Stauss and Watson fall in love while simultaneously blowing everyone away with their musical talent.
Former “Bachelorette” finalist Drew Kenney is reportedly dating host Chris Harrison’s personal assistant. Kenney made it to the final two but was ultimately.
For one of the first times on The Bachelor or Bachelorette, host Chris Harrison’s promise of the “most dramatic finale ever” actually rang true. On the penultimate episode of the ABC reality series, viewers were left wondering if Desiree would continue On the penultimate episode of the ABC reality series, viewers were left wondering if Desiree would continue on after Brooks decided to exit, leaving her devastated. Harrison says he and the producers were fully ready to shut down production until Des decided to give her remaining men, Chris and Drew, a final shot.
Almost immediately into their date, Des decided to let Drew go and spent the remainder of her time realizing that the man she loved was there all along. Although it seemed like she’d never get there, Desiree’s journey ended with a proposal. Keep reading as Harrison reflects on the season, the bumpy ratings, Des and Chris’s relationship and the new Bachelor, Juan Pablo.
I for sure thought Brooks would come back. Was there ever a chance he would? Chris Harrison: Our fans probably had more of that perspective than I did. This time, I had no thought he would come back. He was pretty definite, and she was done as well.
To which she responded, “Yes, a thousand times, yes. The two-hour ending to what Chris Harrison called ” the most dramatic season ever ” of ABC’s The Bachelorette came to somewhat of an anti-climactic, yet ultimately satisfying close Monday evening. The show’s lead lady, Desiree Hartsock, dressed in a gorgeous nude-colored gown, finally picked her man, Chris Siegfried, who down on his knee in a sharp tux looked up to her with pleading eyes – the couple surrounded by heart-arresting, panoramic views of Antigua’s remote landscape and clear waters.
Though the moment sounds picturesque and perfect, viewers knew the road leading up to that point was anything but. In the muddled mix of uncertainty and possible outcomes of this season’s Bachelorette , it seemed just as likely at the beginning of the episode that Des could be the first star who would not find true love on the show.
For one of the first times on The Bachelor or Bachelorette, host Chris Almost immediately into their date, Des decided to let Drew go and.
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Custom Search. Drew kenney bachelorette dating. Stadt rastatt partnersuche. Oct 9,
Pick up love lessons from The Bachelorette that can improve your relationships. show at face value, The Bachelorette doesn’t offer much dating guidance. When Des described Arizona native Drew Kenney as “reserved” a.
Drew Kenney Reality Star 35 years old Single. The Reality Star was born in Arizona on April 9, Model who was a finalist on the season of The Bachelorette. Drew is 35 years old. According to CelebsCouples , Drew Kenney had at least 1 relationship previously. He has not been previously engaged. Fact: Drew Kenney is turning 36 years old in. Be sure to check out top 10 facts about Drew Kenney at FamousDetails. All dating histories are fact-checked and confirmed by our users. We use publicly available data and resources to ensure that our dating stats and biographies are accurate.
Like most celebrities, Drew Kenney tries to keep his personal and love life private, so check back often as we will continue to update this page with new dating news and rumors. Drew Kenney girlfriends: He had at least 1 relationship previously. Drew Kenney has not been previously engaged. We are currently in process of looking up information on the previous dates and hookups.
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Display results as : Posts Topics. Advanced Search. Go to page ‘, event. According to his sister’s FB post, he was very excited when he was told the Bachelorette was going to be Des. Hopefully, we will get to see…
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Scene2d
Wow, the scene2d framework has come a long way since I first looked at it, in some pre-1.0 version of LibGDX. In the last hour since the kids have been in bed, I've got almost half of my game UI mocked out using it, and switching from the draft/mockup to the "real thing" should be as easy as modifying the skin file, and then slightly nudging/resizing things.
I'd show some code here, but it's all so plain simple, I'm not sure what to even say. It's all super simple layout stuff, along the lines of:
private Window buildControlWindow() {
float paddingLeft = 120;
Window window = new Window("Signal", getSkin());
window.setPosition(0, 0);
window.setSize(LifeInSpaceGame.WIDTH, LifeInSpaceGame.HEIGHT / 3);
window.setMovable(false);
window.setResizable(false);
Label label = new Label("Radio Filters", getSkin());
window.add(label).padLeft(paddingLeft).colspan(3).expandX();
window.row();
Button filter1 = new TextButton(" Filter 1 ", getSkin(), "toggle");
window.add(filter1).padLeft(paddingLeft).expandX().padTop(10);
return window;
This builds the panel in the bottom right that lets you apply different "radio filters" to the radio signal audio that's coming in from the selected star, to help you try to pick out whether there are any signs of intelligent life coming from that star.
The next task is going to be the first somewhat challenging one: to have a cool waveform image scrolling by on the bottom left side of the screen to match the radio sounds that you hear when you tap on a star. I have some ideas about how to make it work really easily, but it might take a little finagling.
Here we have some rough instructions (which hopefully I'll have time fill out later)
And the addition of the radio filter toggle buttions. The waveform should appear in the space to the left of the buttons.
By Nathan at December 19, 2015 No comments:
LibGDX Game Jam
So this week I'm tentatively starting a project for the LibGDX game jam, a month-long jam with the theme "Life in Space"
Part of the jam is the requirement to document your progress, which I'm doing on their website. I'll try to cross-post a lot of it here as well, but my jam project log page is at http://itch.io/jam/libgdxjam/topic/12031/gauauus-log
The idea of the game is a very short story-based game where you are a researcher here on earth searching through the stars looking for radio signals that would show evidence of extraterrestrial life in space. Because of the non-action, story theme, it's very different than other games I've done. And because the goal is to crank something small out quickly, it's been fun (for the 2 hours I've worked on it so far) not worrying about good extensible/general design, but writing just enough code to get the job done.
I'll leave you with a very minimal draft screenshot. The top starfield is where you search for signals. The bottom will be a control panel that lets you analyze radio signals as they come in.
Can I do this in a month? I don't know, but it'll be fun trying.
Door work and more
Ok, enemy spawning finally works right. There were a couple of minor bugs in my spawning code that I last posted (c'mon, nobody spotted them? I thought with a million eyes, all bugs are shallow? I guess that means I have a few less than a million readers that are also 6502 assembly programmers!) But I got the bugs taken care of.
I decided the next step, to try to get my brain interested in this project again, was to go ahead and start actually making the first dungeon. Awhile ago I posted a survey to see if I should re-implement the maps from the original Anguna, or make a new adventure. Everyone voted for a new adventure. But it sounds really fun to try to reproduce the first dungeon, at least. So that's what I started on.
And immediately realized that although I had worked out proof-of-concepts for my door code, it wasn't finished. Doors on the top worked. I hadn't finished doors on the bottom. Which required going back and modifying my display kernel code, which meant I was back to counting cycles.
But I think I have that working, finally.
I also originally only allowed for a left-side or right-side to be closed (if I wanted them both to be closed, I had to draw the room map with a permanently closed wall, which reduced that room layout's flexibility for use in other rooms). But after playing with that, I didn't like it much. So I had to re-think how this was going to work.
Originally, I used the Atari "ball" graphics object, (which is a 1,2, or 4 pixel blob) extended vertically across the whole screen, to block off a left-side or right-side door. But if I wanted to block both at once, this wasn't going to work. (there's only 1 ball!) So instead, I counted and realized I had time to squeeze in one additional instruction in my code that pushes the background data to the right registers, so I could pre-load a byte in ram with a mask to be applied to the walls, and, OR that with the actual room wall data before pushing it to the display registers. Because I'm using a mirrored background, that could close both the left and right doors at once.
Both the left and right doors are closed! Hooray!
The next step is another part that I realized I never implemented: if you have a secret door that only opens when all the enemies are dead....well, it never opens. Not because my code to open it doesn't work. But more because it turns out I never wrote that code.
So that's next!
Enemy Spawning
Still working on Crop Insurance. The one nice thing about it is that I'm tracking my hours, which lets me see a better estimate of how much time I spend on my side projects. The answer is about 5-6 hours per week.
No wonder it took 3 years to finish Robo-Ninja.
That being said, I'm feeling a bit stuck on Atari Anguna. I haven't been doing much, because when I do, I've been working on my semi-random enemy spawning routines. And I haven't been happy with it.
The issue is that I don't want enemies spawning stuck in walls, which means:
1. I can go completely random on spawns, but then if it's a collision, try again.
1b. To check for a collision, I either have to do the math to figure out if I've collided with a wall (which on the Atari is non-trivial due to the crazy arrangement of the playfield registers) or
1c. Draw the enemy once, check the collision registers, and then move (which means each try eats up a frame, which could be slow and look really tacky)
2. Instead, I could designate "safe spawn" areas in each room layout.
2b. Depending on how I do this, it could eat up quite a few bytes per room. (I potentially need at least 3 safe spots per room. This could be 6 bytes per room, more than I want to spend)
2c. I could cut down on rom usage by having a lookup table of safe spawns, the question is how this would work, and doing the randomization and lookup in a way that's fast and compact.
I spent WAY too long thinking through these, testing ideas, etc, and not being happy with the results. Which made me less interested in working on the game, and thus slower progress.
Finally I have a solution that I think I'm happy with, and seems to be mostly working. I build a lookup table of 8 potential spawn points (16 bytes for the lookup table). Then each room has a byte to tell which of these potential spawns are allowed for each room layout -- a 1 means it's safe to spawn in. Then I pick a random number between 1 and 8, check that bit. If it's not safe, try the next. Once I get a safe bit, spawn an enemy at the position that the bit refers to. Then if there are more enemies to spawn, I just check the next consecutive bits (instead of picking more random numbers, and risking enemies spawning in the same position as each other) until I've spawned them all.
It seems to work, doesn't require much storage, and is relatively fast.
For any 6502 assembly nerds, here's the code I used. You can probably spot all the places that I'm doing things really badly (I end up wasting a lot of cycles saving and loading values -- it seems I just don't have enough registers to track everything I need and still use X and Y for indexed loads (Why oh why didn't the 6502 have TXY and TYX opcodes to move values between X and Y directly?))
LoadPositionsFromSafeSpawnsImpl
;TempPF2 should be the number of enemies we want to spawn
;TempPF2 then holds the number of enemies we want to spawn - 1
dec TempPF2
;load the room index
ldy #0
lda (RoomDef),Y
;x now has room index
;Store #1 in TempPF1 to bit against..
lda #1
sta TempPF1
;get random number between 0 and 7
lda Rand
and #%00000111
iny
;a has safe spawns
lda SafeSpawns,X
;rotate the safe spawn based on the random number
sty Temp
ldx Temp
.keepRotating
cmp #$80
bne .keepRotating
;now work our way through seeing if it's safe
.checkSpawnLoop
;if it's safe, go to useThisValue (of x)
bit TempPF1
bne .useThisValue
.beforeRotation
;if not, rotate again, increase X
; if X equals start, fail. What then?
cpx Temp
beq .useThisValue
; if X equals 8, set to 0
cpx #8
bne .checkSpawnLoop
ldx #0
jmp .checkSpawnLoop
.useThisValue
ldy TempPF2
; otherwise, look up X and Y in table
lda SpawnsX,X
sta Enemy0X,Y
lda SpawnsY,X
sta Enemy0Y,Y
bmi .allDone
jmp .beforeRotation
.allDone
By Nathan at November 19, 2015 No comments:
CivKeyboard to play store
I haven't said much on here recently. Mainly because most of my non-work time has been doing some paid consulting work, (a project involving converting a farm insurance calculator from excel spreadsheets to a web app).
I do have a few things to say, though:
Robo-Ninja is now on the Amazon app store (it's now free to publish there, and they had an offer of $100 in AWS credit if you publish your first app there before Nov 1, so I took advantage of that!)
Do you remember that custom keyboard I made for playing Civ in DOSBox? I decided to go ahead and publish it on the play store. Google onrejected it the first time for "spam" in the text (they didn't like the Civ and DOSBox in the title I guess), but I reworded it and got it listed. (It's still in beta test mode, so that link might not work for you yet....)
Robo-Ninja finally hit 1000 downloads this week. Not particularly amazing, but at least people are finding and playing it.
I'm still slowly advancing on the girly game for my daughter. But she hasn't seemed particularly interested in it recently, so maybe I'll go back to focusing a little more time on Atari Anguna. We'll see.
By Nathan at October 25, 2015 No comments:
Girly game (more about ramps?)
So I've got yet another detour in my hobby coding. While my son and I were working on Robo-Ninja, my daughter kept asking if she could help me design a game. She had drawn some rough pictures and had some ideas about what it could be like, but we hadn't really done anything with it.
She asked again recently, so I thought it was time to humor her. She decided it would be a cute little game where she could walk around a neighborhood (in a 2-d side scroller, despite me trying to convince her that it should be a top-down game) to visit friends, and collect items. Eventually we settled on the idea that she's trying to make a leaf collection for school, so she has to collect leaves.
Well, being a 2-d side scroller, and wanting to see if I can churn this out pretty quickly, I decided to reuse a bunch of the codebase from Robo-Ninja.
So with a few hours work, I was able to pull in a bunch of the main classes from Robo-Ninja, clean up a good bit of stuff, and have something working for her. The biggest difference is that you can actually control the main character of this game, so I had to re-work the main character a good bit. Which also gave me a chance to redo a bunch of the code that had turned to spaghetti in Robo-Ninja.
Using the knowledge of the mistakes I made from Robo-Ninja, and some tips from that page I referred to in my last post, getting the collisions and movement, particularly on ramps, was quite a bit cleaner. It makes me pretty embarrassed to compare with my Robo-Ninja ramp code, really.
Anyway, the game currently lets you run and jump around. Time to add a little bit of fluff (items, characters to talk to), and it will be half done already. (yeah right, these things always take WAY longer than I'd ever estimate!)
Stanguna is still in my brain, even though I haven't done much with it lately. Someday soon, hopefully....
By Nathan at September 20, 2015 No comments:
Well, turns out that was pretty easy. The new build with collectibles is now in the play store. With a new achievement if you collect all 16 of them.
(which means I had to play through the game yet again to test it. I'm getting pretty good at this silly game by now)
Collectibles in Beginner Mode
Well, it's time to open back up the IDE.
My friend Geoff brought something to my attention, which he's completely right about: In beginner mode, there's a bunch of dead-end passageways, with a yellow dot on the map implying there's something there. But there's nothing there.
Beginner mode, being a bit of an afterthought, doesn't have any of the slow-mo or checkpoint items. There's nothing to replace them, they're just gone. Which is weird and confusing.
I decided that an easy answer is to make them into simple collectible items. You find them, it says something like "you found collectible #3 of 16!" And maybe have an achievement if you collect them all. This makes the weird passageways make more sense, and adds a simple extra goal for beginner mode.
It should be pretty straightforward to add, we'll see how it goes.
By Nathan at September 10, 2015 1 comment:
Well, the release of Robo-Ninja went well. People are playing (and hopefully enjoying) it, so I'm happy as a clam!
I'm spending a little time now in my "free time" focusing on some outside consulting work, but hopefully I'll be back in gear to work hard on Anguna Atari soon!
Until then, I was recently thinking about how I ended up handling slopes/ramps in Robo-Ninja, and how my code ended up getting really messy after a few iterations. I decided (now that I'm finished) to do some research about how other people have implemented them, and ended up finding this awesome article that talks about the standard methods for handling the mechanics of platform games.
It's pretty awesome.
Release!!!! (And beginner mode)
And....Robo-Ninja is released! It's up on the Play Store (although might take a few hours to appear for everyone). Thanks for your help, everyone who tested, contributed graphics, ideas, etc.
Or, if you want to donate $1.00 and get to play the "harder" mode, use this one:
And for all you of you that found the game too difficult, you can thank my friend Bryan who finally convinced me to add an easier "beginner mode." If you start in beginner mode, the game is 10% slower, and, more importantly, you have unlimited uses of the slowmo and checkpoint items. Being able to set a checkpoint after each set of obstacles makes the game a lot more playable if you aren't into crazy frustrating challenges.
You still have to pick one mode or the other at the start, and if you pick beginner mode, you don't get any achievements or get to post to the leaderboards (big whoop, eh?).
By Nathan at August 27, 2015 No comments:
Good enough? Beta Test time
Ok, I think I found a cheesy solution to the problem (which involves looping the laser sound continuously the entire time you're playing, but mostly at zero volume), although I still see an occasional stutter right as you start a map.
I don't think I'm going to let that hold me up though.
If anyone wants to take a stab at it, I've got a build up on Google's Play's beta test system that I'm thinking of pushing to release, that you can try out: https://play.google.com/apps/testing/net.tolberts.android.roboninja.android
Just follow that link, and give it a whirl. Feel free to email me any bugs, or leave comments here.
If nothing drastic appears, I'll probably release it in the next couple days!
So close...but so laggy
I'm so almost done. Most of the bugs are gone.
Except there's one thing that I just can't seem to resolve. There's some weird gotcha in libgdx's audio engine (on Android) where there will be a brief pause, or drop in framerate, whenever a sound effect stops playing. During most of the game, there's very few sounds, so it's not a huge issue, but the lasers that the blue guards shoot (and that Robo-Ninja shoots) are causing problems.
I've tried all sorts of things, but I just can't seem to work around it.
I've got a couple more things to try, and if those don't work, then I'm giving up and removing the laser sounds. Ugh.
Testing and Fixing
I remember this point with Anguna. Every couple nights, I'd go to bed and say "I think I'm done," but the next day I'd find 5 more bugs. My wife would laugh at me each time I'd think I was done.
I've been playing a lot of Robo-Ninja, and finding a fair number of little bugs. I spent tonight figuring out what was going on, and fixing a bunch of them, but there's still a small handful left.
Then I get to do this again.
Someday, I'll play through the game, and won't find a single bug. Today is not that day.
Robo-Ninja first draft finished?
Tonight I finished the last few features of Robo-Ninja (at least for the Android version, I'd still like to make some tweaks for a Chrome version), finished changing things to use Chris's awesome graphics, and fixed the last couple of known bugs.
The first "maybe" build is currently building on my Jenkins server. Tomorrow I get to start intensive testing (otherwise known as "playing through the game over and over until I'm sick of it") to see how many more bugs I can find and squash before releasing it.
It sure feels nice to be almost finished.
For those of you that signed up to be actual testers on the play store, I'll try to get the test build posted tomorrow if there's no glaring immediate issues.
If anyone wants to test and hasn't done so, let me know. (In the comments below, or you can email me)
Retrospex 32 Review
RetrospexInternational recently sent me a couple units of their new handheld device, the Retrospex 32, a new dedicated GameboyAdvance emulator handheld. To make the unit playable out of the box, they pre-loaded a handful of homebrew games, including Anguna, which is why they were kind enough to send me 2 of the units to play with. I was pretty excited to get my hands on the device and try it (I loved my old GBA micro with a good flash cart!), and see Anguna running on it. So here's my thoughts after playing with it.
Their website lists the Retrospex 32 for £59.99, which is around $100 USD. It seems like it's marketed toward people into retro-gaming (which makes sense for a dedicated GBA emulator device). At that price, with that target market, and such a limited set of functionality (why not make it a multi-machine emulator, and emulate all the old consoles?), it would hopefully do a really good job of it.
The short version of my review: it doesn't. It has one job (emulating GBA games), which it does fairly poorly. It's a mediocre device that you'd expect your grandma to buy for $15 at Big Lots next to those fake Wii consoles. I'd maybe buy one as a novelty for that price, but anybody that spends $100 on this will be severely disappointed.
So let's get down to the actual review here.
The console is a little bigger than I expected, almost 6 inches long (about the same length as my Nexus 5, but about twice as thick.) The plastic feels cheap and flimsy, and the various pieces give and shift a little if you apply pressure in the wrong places. (On one of the two devices they sent me, there's a loose piece inside that rattles around if you shake it) The buttons and d-bad aren't particularly comfortable, but they work ok. The charger uses mini USB instead of micro USB, which is just a minor annoyance that adds to the cheap feeling. It takes an SD card (not a micro SD card!) which is a bit weird these days, but not a real problem. It gave me a use for those SD cards I still have lying around with no purpose.
It does have an RCA TV-out port, and a cable to connect to your TV's RCA ports. I haven't yet tried that, but it is one of the nicer touches.
Overall, it feels a little cheap, which wouldn't be a big deal if rest of the package was there, or if the price was a bit lower.
Here's where it starts to fall apart. Any fan of the Gameboy Advance knows that it has two thumb-buttons (A and B), and 2 shoulder buttons (L and R). The Retrospex adds an X an Y button, but has no shoulder buttons. So you have to use X and Y for L and R. This is pretty awkward for quite a few games (particularly racing games where you use those to help steer, and have to keep your thumb on the accelerator).
Like I mentioned earlier, if this was a multiple machine emulator, I'd shrug it off. But for a device with one job, to emulate GBA games, you'd think they'd take the time to make sure it had at least somewhat of a similar button layout as the emulated controller. Or if they couldn't rearrange the layout, at least label the buttons with L and R so non-gamers would understand what it meant. (Once again, I'm confused about the target market -- real gamers would be put off by the wrong layout, and casual folks would be confused when a game, including the bundled Anguna, tells you to push L or R and that button doesn't exist!)
The other big offense, at least to those of us that actually played older games, is that they reversed the positions of the A and B buttons. If you played many Nintendo games it's ingrained in your muscle memory that A is on the right and makes you jump, B is on the left and makes you attack. Why would you build a handheld dedicated emulator and get this wrong?
The ENTIRE point of having a dedicated hardware emulator instead of just buying an older Android device for $50 would be to have decent hardware controls. But you won't find those on the Retrospex32.
Emulation itself on the Retrospex 32 is "not too bad". By that I mean, if you weren't particularly picky or demanding, you wouldn't notice any issues. Most of the games I played worked correctly.
That being said, it doesn't quite run at full speed. It's close -- maybe 90 or 95% of full speed? I first noticed while playing Anguna -- it just felt slightly sluggish (and I've tested it enough that I ought to know!) I pulled out my real GBA to compare -- on both devices I'd clear the enemies out of a room, move the character to a wall, then simultaneously start walking on both devices. Out of about 10 tries, the character reached the opposite wall about 1/3 to 1/2 a second earlier on the real GBA than on the emulator.
I noticed this slowdown even more when I decided to get crazy and try running PocketNES (a nes emulator for GBA) on it. PocketNES isn't flawless, but did a surprisingly great job of running nes games on the GBA on actual hardware (I probably spent as much time playing NES games on my GBA as I ever did playing GBA games!) On the Retrospex32, PocketNES just couldn't keep up on most games, dropping the frame rates like crazy.
Once again, casual players probably wouldn't care, but hardcore retro-gamers wouldn't find the slightly slower performance to be acceptable on a $100 device. Nobody would complain if a GBA emulator on their computer, phone, or other multi-purpose device ran 5-10% slower than the real thing. But if that's the device's entire job, you'd expect emulation to be pretty accurate.
The major show-stopping issue is that for most games, the built-in save functions don't work (and there's no save-state feature). Meaning you can't save your game at all. You can't even save on Anguna, one of the built-in games! (it acts like you can save, but if you turn the device off and back on, everything is erased). This pretty much ruins the device for me. There aren't that many GBA games that I'd want to play without being able save my progress.
UI and Misc
A few other comments about the device are worth mentioning. The roms on the SD card must be put into a folder called GAMES (case-sensitive). There's no folder browser or anything, it just finds the roms if they're in the right place, or gives up if not. Not a big deal, but not a simple task for the casual crowd.
The UI itself is mostly functional, but a little bit clunky and unpredictable. Many of the menu messages are mis-spelled or don't quite make sense. You can press Select+Y to exit the pre-loaded games and return to the root menu, but that doesn't seem to work reliably for other roms.
Really, I just don't understand this thing. It really wishes it was either a nice multi-console emulator device, or a cheap novelty. But at the current price, it's not really either one.
The broken control scheme and inability to save really are the main problems, but are critical ones. We took both of the Retrospex 32 handhelds on vacation, but they never got played. My son decided that, despite the touchscreen controls, he'd rather play the same emulated GBA games on the $40 android tablet, where he could, you know, save.
By Nathan at August 07, 2015 3 comments:
New UI, and terrible design
Well, now that the main game of Robo-Ninja is done, other than some testing, it's time to go back and rework some of the UI using the amazing graphics that Chris sent me.
With graphics like this, it starts to look like a Real Game
Well, in doing so, I've exposed all the bad design choices I made while doing the original UI. Things that should be pretty easy are harder than they should be, based on original assumptions. For example, in my original UI, the button width in a menu automatically changed based on the text width. In Chris's, it doesn't. But based on my "clever" menu code, changing that required a lot more work than it should have.
It doesn't help that, because I'm ready to be finished with the game, instead of going back and reworking the code with the new stuff, I'm just shoving it all together in the quickest way possible. So I've got a lot of dead code that doesn't do anything, layout functions that don't make sense in the new context, etc.
Oh well. It's going to look a whole lot cooler, and I'm going to be done with it soon.
Although it will still take awhile to do this graphics rework. I did some searching, and there's a lot more menus and buttons than I realized.
By Nathan at July 20, 2015 No comments:
"Creative" is an adjective
Something that's bothered me recently is the term "Creative" as a noun, to describe certain types of artistic people. Often graphic designers or marketing folks. (Wiktionary even has an entry for this usage of the word, specifically referring to marketing). Our companies hire "creatives" to design our websites, marketing materials, flyers, etc.
Why does this bother me? Because this subtly implies that these types of people have some sort of monopoly or ownership of creativity. While we are becoming more an more of a "consumer culture" (fewer people are willing to sing, make art, or write poetry -- instead we leave these up to the "professionals"), terms like this tell the rest of us that we aren't creative. That creativity only belongs to a certain type of worker.
Instead, why aren't we appreciating the different types of creativity exhibited by all sorts of people, and encouraging everyone to create? (Or did we forget that the first definition of "creative" is "tending to create things"?) So many people love to create, and be creative, although it looks very different than your typical artist/designer creativity.
My wife likes inventing homemade toys and projects with our kids. My office mate enjoys writing and blogging. I have friends that like to make up (create!) party games. I like designing video games. Another friend likes coming up with fun electronic gadgets. None of us are "creatives" but we love to create.
I also have a friend that is a well-respected electrical engineer at the university where I work. He has loads of patents, and numerous inventions, some of which have the potential to positively impact huge numbers of people. Is he creative? I'd say so -- he created some amazing things. Does he do any sort of traditional art? Not that I know of.
Despite many of my examples being some sort of geeky creativity, this isn't about engineers vs artists. I just want to celebrate people creating. I don't care if it's dance or circuit design, poetry or carpentry. Most of us have the potential to be creative in some way, but reserving the "creative" label for a select few that are doing some sort of particular art or design doesn't reflect this.
7-year old Anguna Bug
So Eli at Piko Interactive was testing Anguna, and kept running into a problem where the main boss would disappear halfway through the fight. Not that the dragon would really go away, but the sprite would disappear, but the collisions/bullets/etc would still continue.
Try as I would, I just couldn't reproduce it. He said it happened 100% of the time. But I couldn't see it happen. He sent me a save state and said that it should happen just right after loading from the save, but I still couldn't reproduce it. Finally, though, I just entered the cheat code to get tons of health, put the phone (emulator) down, and when I picked it up, he was gone.
So after quite a few more experiments, I somewhat sorted it out: It happened at 3ish minutes into the boss fight, every time, like clockwork. But the way I played, I never lasted 3 minutes in that fight. I always played it more aggressively, and was either dead or victorious in a minute or two. I never saw the bug, because I played the game differently (this is a good lesson to us programmers: sometimes people use our software differently, and expose completely different behavior than what we usually see! As a side note, the other day I had a problem at work, where a user said a field input NEVER worked. And it always worked for me in testing. Turned out, she always clicked the submit button, where I always pressed enter. The enter key worked. The submit button didn't. oops)
Anyway, once I figured out how to reproduce it, it didn't take long to find the problem. I opened up the code for the boss fight, and saw that the animation for the face (which only had one frame) was set up to display for 9999 game frames...then was supposed to start over (back to the one frame again!). 9999 game frames was about 3 minutes. Aha! Turns out my code to start the animation over wasn't working right for these one-frame animations.
Which meant that there might be other issues with single-frame sprites. I dug around and looked -- most of them were set to some absurdly high number of game frames before they "repeated". Turns out, if you put the game down for about 30 minutes without moving, a bunch of things (doors, items, locks, etc) timed out and disappeared. I guess nobody's ever tried doing that, that bug has been there from the beginning, but nobody has ever reported it!
It only took one line of code to fix it, and make the single-frame animations loop properly. Weird to find and fix a bug that serious and that old, with 1 simple line of code.
Assuming no other issues appear, manufacturing for the cartridges should start soon, according to Eli!
By Nathan at June 25, 2015 No comments:
Atari Green Toady
So the Green Toady in Anguna is the first somewhat difficult challenge the player faces. Unlike the simple slimes in the first few rooms, the Green Toady not only take a number of a hits to defeat, but also has a more difficult movement pattern:
He first wanders slowly and randomly, but as soon as he is lined up (or more accurately, close-to-lined up) with the player (on either the X or Y axis), he pauses, then charges quickly at the player, until he hits a wall.
Tonight's challenge was to get that working on Atari Anguna. This is the most complicated enemy so far on the Atari, and would require a bit more code than the other enemies. The trickiest part was something that should be simple for anyone with any real 6502 experience, but required some thought for me: figuring out a reasonably efficient way to determine if two numbers are within a certain range of each other. (ie I wanted to see if the enemy X position was within 5 (plus or minus) of the player X position).
What I ended up doing is below, although it's late, and I don't have the brain power to really figure out if there's any edge conditions that I'm missing involving overflowing between positive and negative numbers. (The X register contains the index of which enemy we're dealing with, as there can be more than 1 enemy onscreen at once):
lda Enemy0X,X
sbc PlayerX
adc #5
bmi .NotLinedUpX
sbc #10
bpl .NotLinedUpX
;chase main char only on Y axis
I'm loading the first value, subtracting the second. Then add 5. I check if the result is negative. If so, they're more than 5 apart in the one direction. Then subtract 10, and check if the result is positive. If so, it's more than 5 apart in the other direction. If neither is the case, then they're within 5 of each other. It's only 16 cycles, so pretty efficient. I didn't bother to set or clear the carry flag, so it's not going to be exact (I could be off by 1, depending on the carry flag's state coming into this), but I'm not too worried -- for this case, "around 5" is all I need)
Anyway, the amazing part, is that after fixing a couple typos, the toady mostly worked on the first try. That NEVER happens.
I do have a couple minor tweaks to make him work better (I put the charge on a timer which is too short, and I didn't initialize him into any state, so he just sits there for awhile when he's first on the screen). But still, it was certainly an unexpected lucky outcome for a relatively complex enemy.
Moving from sourceforge
And along with this, I decided to move the DS version of Anguna (which was open-sourced awhile back, and sitting on sourceforge) away from sourceforge. Because if you haven't paid any attention to the news, Sourceforge has gone nasty.
So the source is up on bitbucket now. I still have some cleaning up I really need to do, but there it is.
DS build (probably?) working again!
So again thanks to Sverx, I think I have the DS build of Anguna working again.
In response to one of my previous posts lamenting that I couldn't find a 2008 release of the devkitPro/libnds tools, he mentioned that he had a copy! He sent me what he had, which turned out to be the windows version.
Although GBA anguna was developed on windows, I developed the DS version on linux. So everything I had was set up for linux, and I'm currently using (and running my builds on) linux.
My first attempt to get it working was to just use my current version of my gcc arm cross-compiler with the 2008 version of libnds, which as I suspected didn't work. It compiled, but the linker complained about all sorts of things.
I didn't want to go all the way and set up everything in windows yet, so the next try was stupid: use all the windows toolchain compilers via wine. Has anyone EVER run windows versions of gcc on linux using wine before? A terrible idea. But it seemed to work when I compiled it. (despite taking quite a while to compile!) But when I ran the finished rom, it had all sorts of weird issues once you got into the game, past the splash screens.
But this seemed familiar, similar to the problems I had trying to compile the gba version on linux recently. So I went through and made sure to convert all the files' line endings to unix (not sure why that would be an issue, since they were originally done in linux), but then everything worked!
So despite the terrible idea of running all compilers in wine, I know have DS builds working again. (I think? I haven't tested it yet past the first couple of rooms)
Maybe that means the new dungeon will eventually get ported to the DS!
Corrected....
In my previous post about the volatile keyword, Sverx left an insightful comment, noting that because nothing is changing the SRAM data outside of my code, it shouldn't really need to be marked as volatile. Which is true -- nothing really changes it at run-time.
So what was the actual problem and why did marking it as volatile correct it?
For one thing, as sverx mentions in the comment, SRAM can only be written 8 bits at a time. Which I'm doing (casting my data into 8-bit chars and looping through writing them one at a time). But now I'm wondering if the newer versions of gcc saw that, decided I was stupid, and optimized it into 16- or 32-bit writes. Which would make sense why adding debugging messages in the inner loop would change it. Marking as volatile might also have been enough to scare the compiler off from over-optimization, and fixed it as well, although not quite as correctly.
Thanks sverx!
So here's where everything's at right now:
GBA Anguna: new content is finished, the rom is being playtested by folks at Piko Interactive (which they've already found (and I've fixed) one bug), hopefully soon will be sent off for production!
Robo-Ninja: The game is pretty close to finished. This week I've been working on the ending sequences and more google play services integration. I might skip the cloud saved games (it looks like a bit of a pain to convert my save game format to work with it, but we'll see). The biggest change is that Chris (the guy that did the graphics for Anguna and the new awesome Robo-Ninja character graphic) has some great looking designs for improvements to other graphics in the game, including all the UI bits, so I'm planning to wait to see what he comes up with, and probably do a bit of reworking all the UI to use his designs. (although there's still a little bit of work to do until then: tweaking some level designs, testing, and improved keyboard controls for non-touch screens (I plan to provide both a java desktop download, as well as a Google Chrome app)).
Atari Anguna: This poor guy has been getting neglected thanks to the work on GBA Anguna and trying to do a mad dash to finish Robo-Ninja. The core engine is in pretty good shape, and I need to build out a test dungeon to do some more in-depth testing. The next steps will be getting the header/hud thing working right, and then secondary items (bow & arrow, dynamite, etc).
By Nathan at June 10, 2015 2 comments:
Robo-Ninja Boss Fight
My office-mate Tim has been so kind as to play through Robo-Ninja, giving me great feedback along the way. A week or so ago, he finally got to the end -- at least so far. He got to the room right before the main boss. And has been patiently waiting for me to give him a boss to fight.
Well Tim, we're almost there. I think the boss is done. Although once you kill him, I don't have any sort of victory sequence or anything. He dies and you're just stuck in his room. But hey, progress.
I ended up NOT giving him multiple forms after all. Partially because I'm ready to finish this thing, and partially because while testing it, he seems hard enough already.
So now there's just a few things left to do:
A few map tweaks based on Tim's feedback
Fix a couple of bugs in my game engine (again, based on Tim's feedback)
Add graphical icons on the teleporter UI (I've had blank placeholders sitting there for months now)
Finish the options and license/credits screen (I've used a ton of Creative-Commons licensed art and sounds, so I have a lot of credit that needs to be mentioned)
Finish the leaderboard and cloud save integrations
Add an ending sequence
Test, Test, and test again
Release the game, get rich, and retire
No DS re-release for now....
So today I download the source to the Nintendo DS version of the Anguna to see if I could easily get it to build, to push the new level to it as well.
Didn't turn out so well so far.
The development kit for GBA and NDS development (devkitPro) has both the compiler toolchains/build tools/etc for development, as well as some libraries for interacting with the various platforms. The libraries are mostly thin wrappers around the basic functionality (nice names for the various registers, utility functions to deal with them, etc), but there's a few other bigger bits, such as sound libraries, etc.
On the GBA, I didn't use any of the devkitPro libraries directly, and instead just managed my own, using just the simple register definitions.
On the NDS, I ended up using a lot more library calls from devkitPro. Which turned out to be the problem here. The NDS libraries on devkitPro have changes significantly in newer releases. And I'm having trouble coming up with a version of the library from 2008 that works properly. Unless I can magically come up with a working version of libnds circa 2008, the only other solution is to rewrite quite a bit of code to work with the newer version of libnds. No thanks.
I spent about 2 hours last night pounding my head in a wall trying to figure out the solution to a new bug that I ran into: Anguna's save game function was no longer working.
In the GBA, the most common save method is to just write to a magical area of ram that happens to be battery-backed, so it retains its values. So when I save, I write the game state to that area, including a checksum. On loading, I read the checksum to see if there's a valid game state in ram (as opposed to un-initialized garbage), and if it's valid, load it.
So last night, I was writing the data, but then when I read it back out, the checksums didn't match!
So I started debugging. I logged the first few bytes writing to save, and logged them again as I read them...everything looked right. So the first few bytes were working. I tried again with the last few bytes -- they matched also. Weird.
So I dumped ALL the data to a log upon saving and loading. And Lo And Behold, they matched, and it worked correctly. Uh oh.
I removed the debugging, and it broke again.
This is normally an unhappy position to be, although this time it quickly led me to the solution. There were no actual side effects of my logging code (other than the logging itself), so clearly the compiler was optimizing something differently.
Then I checked to make sure that the save ram was marked as volatile. Nope. Oops.
In C, you can mark variables/memory/etc as volatile, which means that its value can be read or written outside of your current program. This lets the compiler know NOT to optimize away read/writes to it.
For example, in the gba, to get the state of the controller inputs, you read a particular memory location. If you don't mark it as volatile, the compiler will notice that you are reading it every frame, but never writing to it, and might optimize away your other reads. Which is not what you want.
In this case, I'm not sure exactly WHAT the compiler was thinking in optimizing away my reads/writes to the save data, but marking it as volatile did the trick. And I guess the compiler's optimization strategies have changed since I last worked on Anguna, as I never had it marked volatile before. Oh well.
Anguna New Level
Ok, I promised I'd share, so here you go.
For the upcoming cartridge release of Anguna by Piko Interactive, we decided to add an additional dungeon level to Anguna, to sweeten the deal for anyone who might buy one. So the past couple weeks I've working like mad to try to add the new content before production of the physical carts starts.
Today, I finished the first draft of the Ice Dungeon, with slippery ice on the ground, a new Golem boss, and a new inventory item (a ring of teleportation):
Fighting the fearsome Ice Golem
For now, this dungeon is going to be exclusive to the physical carts you'll soon be able to purchase from Piko Interactive, to try to help them sell these things.
The process has been interesting -- first I had to just get the silly thing to build properly on a modern development environment, then I had to go through and fix a bunch of bugs that originally existed in the game, but somehow never manifested themselves on the older versions of the compiler/toolchain. Once that was finished, it was a pretty straightforward process to start adding content. It definitely brought back memories of 10 years ago when I started this project!
In other Anguna news, if you have a windows phone, check out My Boy, a gba emulator that features and bundles Anguna.
By Nathan at May 31, 2015 No comments:
Anguna Teaser
I've been quiet recently, but working hard. Working on some stuff related to the original Gameboy Advance version of Anguna. I'll go into more detail later.
The fun part has been re-installing all the tools needed to build and edit Anguna, and realizing that there were a number of bugs that "worked by coincidence" with the older versions of devkitPro, but don't work anymore. I spent longer than I anticipated just getting everything working again. It brings back weird memories, looking at this old code. And geez, I don't know how I ever got this game finished, with how difficult it is to debug code on the GBA. Fun times.
Ok, enough being mysterious for one night.
Playfield editor and Green Toady
Today was an Atari Anguna day.
First, I was working on some new room layouts, and got a little frustrated with the room editor I had been using (Kirk Israel has an incredible 2600 Sprite Editor on his website but his playfield editor leaves a bit to be desired. (mainly, that I couldn't drag to paint, instead had to click each cell, also that I couldn't paste my code into the tool to modify already-existing rooms).
So I decided to rewrite it. The end result isn't perfect, but seemed worth the time. (about an hour and a half). It fixes those issues and a few other minor niggles from Kirk's editor. It's posted at http://www.tolberts.net/pf.html and the code is fully contained in that one page, (other than pulling in dependencies from google) in case anyone wants to take it and improve upon it.
I also started on the next enemy, the Green Toady (the first difficult enemy from the first dungeon in GBA Anguna). I've got him working, but now realized that I don't have a mechanism for enemies sprites to flip horizontally depending on their direction. It didn't look too strange for the slimes, but it looks dumb for this guy to always face the same direction.
The 2600 has a register to flip sprites horizontally, but because I'm reusing the player-2 sprite for all the enemies on the screen, I have to update that register in the display kernel. In other words, it has to be fast, and fit somewhere in the kernel where I have unused cycles. So that's the next challenge waiting for me....
Those are supposed to be pillars, but I've been told it looks more like "The Illini Room"
Looking at that screenshot, I really need to go back and rework the top header bar. It's a mess of brokenness right now.
By Nathan at May 01, 2015 2 comments:
I'm starting to make progress on the Boss Fight.
Like many games, this fight moves through a few phases, alternating between times where you just have to survive, and times when you actually try to attack back.
The first phase involves lots of jets of fire filling his room that you have to avoid. From the top, the sides, etc. It's tricky, but not too bad, really. I've just about got this phase finished. Next will be a part where you can fly up and try to get a shot off with your laser before he starts shooting fire at you again.
Geez, in this picture, you can't even SEE Dr. Squidbrain because of all the fire.
And 2 MORE bytes ram
And today, while the baby was napping, I managed to remove 2 more variables from ram (associated with enemy missiles, that I realized were no longer needed). That frees up TWO MORE ADDITIONAL BYTES.
I now have 14 unused bytes of ram. That's awesome. I might even be able to support a 4th enemy per room, at this rate.
This post needs a subject
Been slowly chugging away, but not much to say. Other than a big THANK YOU to Tim Dudek for doing some serious testing of Robo-Ninja. He's helped me fix a number of bugs, performance issues, and a few map issues.
Mostly, I've been setting up the overall structure of the game so that each build (android/desktop/etc) can specify more of the behavior specific to that build. That let me add the Google Play Games integration into the Android version but still have everything else work correctly. I'm also planning to add some help text to non-touchscreen versions (desktop, web, and my new plan to use Google's Arc Welder to make a Chrome App as well) to make it more obvious how to play with a keyboard.
Then, now that I started that, it made sense to finally break Aaron's mode out into a separate build, to remove it from the "real" build. (if you recall, he started making his own levels (Geesh, that was more than 2 years ago. That's an eternity in a kid's life))
I also need to actually finish the final boss fight. I made the story cutscene that shows when you enter his room. Now I need to actually script the fight itself. I've come up with the idea of how I want the fight to work, but it's going to take a bit of work.
I've mostly pushed Atari Anguna (and my Bot-Box tutorial for Chris) to the backburner for now, trying to get closer to finishing Robo-Ninja. But I did finally sit down with Atari Anguna today and give it at least a little love, getting the next major chunk of the game engine working: enemy missiles. Well, that should really be missile singular -- I'm only supporting one missile at a time. But it only took about an hour to get them in place, so my orange slime can now shoot blobs of goo. Well, you have to use your imagination. It looks more like a dot....
Play Services
After a lot of work trying to figure out issues with Google and Android SDK libraries, I've got the Google Play Games API working! (by "a lot of work" I mean maybe 3 or 4 hours....I guess that's not so bad)
Based on the results of the votes, the answer sounds like I should go ahead and use the games services to their full potential. Here's a test run of unlocking the first achievement!
This tutorial was super helpful in figuring out how to get started. Although there were a few hiccups that I'll document here in case the answer is helpful to anyone (or myself next time!)
First, I got all sorts of errors with not being able to find the right libraries. As many forums have mentioned, the dependencies specified in the build.gradle file have to match the SDK version that you download using the Android SDK manager. The working combination that folks are recommending as of today (Apr 2015) is the following in build.gradle:
compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:21.0.3'
compile 'com.google.android.gms:play-services:7.0.0'
With that, you need to download the v21 (Android 5.0.1) SDK in the Android SDK Manager. Also, you have to scroll ALL THE WAY TO THE BOTTOM of the SDK Manager, and find "Google Play Services" in the "Extras" folder:
Once that is done, I'd either need to recreate the IDEA project file (using the "idea" task in gradle), or manually add the jars for those files to the classpath in IDEA. (I'd recommend recreating the IDEA project file -- I tried adding them manually, which worked for development, but not for deploying to my phone, so I ended up having to build/deploy from the command line).
Also, the example code from the tutorial linked above is out of date for making calls to the games service. As this forum post discusses, instead of trying to use gamesHelper.getGamesClient(), you need to make static calls using the Games class:
Games.Achievements.unlock(gameHelper.getApiClient(), "(your achievement id)");
Once I did that, I was almost there! The only other thing I had to do was go back and sign my apk with the same production key that I used to create and push the app on the play store. Once that was done, everything just worked!
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GWK Culture Park
Home » Bali Attractions » GWK Culture Park
About Garuda Wisnu Kencana Statue
Garuda Wisnu Kencana (GWK) Cultural Park Bali is a tourism destination located on Southern Bali with a strategic location with only 10 minutes drive from Ngurah Rai airport, 25 minutes from from Kuta, and 20 minutes from Benoa and Nusa Dua harbor. GWK Cultural Park will further support and enrich the already existing tourism infrastructure in Bali.
Designed and built by Nyoman Nuarta, one of Indonesia’s foremost modern sculptor, the Garuda Wisnu Kencana statue or GWK and its pedestal building will be standing 150 meters tall with its wings span 64 meters across.
Made from more than 4000 tons of copper and brass, the statue is picturing Lord Wisnu, as the source of wisdom, riding on the back of the mythical bird Garuda as the manifestation of conscience toward Amerta, the perennial goodness.
The statue and its pedestal will be surrounded by more than 240 hectares cultural park which was once an abandoned and unproductive limestone quarry. The cultural park will provide attractions for both local and foreign visitors with supporting facilities such as Lotus Pond, Festival Park, Amphitheater, Street Theater, Exhibition Hall, as well as Jendela Bali The Panoramic Resto and souvenir shop. At present time, the statue of Wisnu, the statue of Garuda, and the hands of Wisnu have been placed temporarily in three different plazas within the park.
GWK Cultural Park is intended to educate, especially the young generations about the importance of preserving and cultivating world’s cultural heritage.
Wisnu Plaza is the highest ground in GWK area where we temporarily place the most important piece of the Garuda Wisnu Kencana statue — the statue of Wisnu.On a particular time of the day, there will be some traditional Balinese performance with the majestic statue of Wisnu as the background. Due to its high location, you can see the panoramic view of the surrounding. The statue of Wisnu, as the focal point of Wisnu Plaza, was surrounded by water fountain and a nearby holy water well which is said never to run dry even on dry season.
Parahyangan Somaka Giri
Parahyangan Somaka Giri is placed next to the statue of Wisnu. This is where a water well located, which historically has been believed by the people in the area as a blessing with powerful magical power to heal all illness and to ask the gods for rain during dry season. Due to its location on high ground (on a hill), this natural phenomenon is considered sacred and local people believed it to be the holy water.
The Statue of Wisnu
As the anchor point of GWK, the 20 meter tall copper statue of the Lord Wisnu has been placed temporarily on the highest hill of Ungasan where visitors can enjoy sunset or sunrise over the magnificent view of Kuta, Benoa and Sanur.
The statue of Wisnu is an illustration of the Almighty God in maintaining and caring all life and its being. The god Wisnu is the owner of Amerta in the form of water as the source of fertility , giving wealth and life to the universe.
The Statue of Garuda
Right behind the Plaza Wisnu is the Plaza Garuda where the 18 meters tall statue of Garuda placed temporarily.
At the present time, Plaza Garuda becomes the focal point of a massive alley of carved limestone pillars which covers more than 4000 sqm open space area namely Lotus Pond. The colossal limestone pillars and monumental Garuda statue make Lotus Pond a very exotic space. With its room capacity that can accommodate up to 7000 people, Lotus Pond has gained good reputation as the perfect place to hold big and international events.
The Statue of Wisnu’s Hands
The statue of Wisnu’s hands was added to GWK Cultural Park in 2007. It’s one step closer to finishing the complete Garuda Wisnu Kencana statue. This piece was placed temporarily on Tirta Agung area.
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Passive, Poor and White? What The Media Keeps Getting Wrong About Appalachia.
William Rickman2018-02-22T08:00:47-05:00February 8, 2018|
By Elizabeth Catte, via The Guardian and the Economic Hardship Reporting Project
To satisfy an elitist, narrative fetish about ‘Trump Country’, photographers from outside have long ignored my region’s diversity
During the 2016 presidential election, the national press branded Appalachia ground zero for America’s “forgotten tribe” of white working-class voters.
In the process, we Appalachians became a symbol of political self-harm.
Appalachians were often used as both the abstract and real beneficiaries of Donald Trump’s promise to “make America great again”, and media outlets and prestige publications – from the New Yorker to Vanity Fair – sent reporters to Appalachia to extract profiles and images of the people they assumed could demystify our fractured political moment.
Their output came to form a distinct genre of writing – what I call the “Trump Country” piece – that saturated news cycles and fatigued readers with stories of complacent white woe and toxic politics. Podcaster Jayme Dale, originally from North Carolina, described 2016 as the year “the US collectively pointed a trembling finger of accusation at the Appalachian region”.
Even long after the election, Appalachia continued to receive the morbid interest of the national press…
As someone born and raised in Appalachia, in East Tennessee, I recognized the attitudes of Trump voters – some bigoted, some resigned – and experiences of hardship shared by many in the region.
But I also recognize a pattern of superficial press attention that recalled narratives produced during the 1960s “War on Poverty”, when sensational images of the poor filled the pages of newspapers and magazines.
To be Appalachian, both then and now, was to be white, deprived and spiritless.
Often, photographers and journalists capture a version of Appalachia that is not a place – a vast geographic region covering 13 states with more than 25 million people – but a social and moral dilemma that threatens the nation’s progress.
If you consider this an exaggeration, I’d invite you to perform an image search for “Appalachian photography” through the search engine of your choice.
If your results are similar to mine, you’ll find an overabundance of stark black and white portraits – a stylistic choice often made by photographers to signal that we are of the past and lost to progress – and images of white people experiencing extreme poverty and suffering because of it.
My search engine helpfully prompts me to narrow results by adding “hillbilly”, “trailer” and “inbred” to my search terms. Every time I perform this search, I notice a new element of its grim ratio. Today, for example, I calculated there are three times more images of white people in coffins than living people of color in my search results.
Cora Hairston, in West Virginia, photographed by Roger May. Hairston’s father surrendered his body in both life and death to coal, writes Elizabeth Catte. [Photo credit: Roger May]
The visual archive made for us is a mournful one, which stands in sharp contrast to the vivid images of youth captured by Kentucky-based photographer Meg Wilson. There is a stillness to images favored by the press, a photographic trick that confirms a narrative of our complacency and presents Appalachia as the dominion of the barely living. Wilson sets us in motion, in color, and full of life. I can see myself in her images and sense a connection to my place and history that does not occur when I gaze at those image results.
This sad tradition is enduring. Even long after the election, Appalachia continued to receive the morbid interest of the national press that, in its endless quest to discover how poor people swung an election, only succeeded in raising a question far more complex: why so many Americans needed it to be true when it wasn’t.
As I detail in my new book, the media enshrined communities with low voter turnout as the beating heart of Trump Country. There has also been a journalistic disappearance of nonwhite people in the region, seemingly to satisfy a narrative fetish about the white working class and their anxieties. And that’s before questioning why so many readers on both sides of the political aisle used a memoir (Hillbilly Elegy) written by a venture capitalist (JD Vance) to decode the political choices of the region’s poor.
Perhaps it’s because Appalachia has long been a place that, as historian Ron Eller described, convinces comfortable, distant white Americans of the “righteousness” of their own lives.
The arc of Appalachian history is filled with stories of attempts by the powerful to sever poor people from the richness of the land around them. The wealthy exonerated themselves with their insistence that their economic experiments – extractive capitalism, for example – had a positive impact on a people otherwise doomed without intervention.
The arc of Appalachian history is filled with stories of attempts by the powerful to sever poor people from the richness of the land around them.
Reformers, philanthropists and missionaries came often to the mountains to offer relief, but lacked the capacity or willingness to alter the way power and wealth worked in our world. Because we could not be fixed, we became an “other” – a “peculiar people”, as historian Henry Shapiro observed, predestined, or so many Americans came to believe, by our lack of moral character to be poor and backwards.
If we constructed a mythology for Appalachia, one of the most powerful and fickle world-makers in our pantheon would be the stranger with a camera. Ever present throughout our history, the stranger appears in the region not to capture reality but contradictions.
The stranger is a real person – our most infamous stranger, Canadian film-maker Hugh O’Connor, lost his life after a Kentucky landowner shot him for taking pictures of his poor neighbors in 1967 – but also the manifestation of an imbalance of power.
But not all photographers here put their work in direct conversation with regional stereotypes, and the images I prefer are ordinary and uneventful.
Warm and beautifully composed portraits – a specialty of West Virginia photographer Roger May – are a personal favorite. His portrait of Cora Hairston (above), from Sarah Ann, West Virginia, is particularly moving for me.
We learn that Hairston performs as Rosa Parks for her church and dreams of her late father who surrendered his body in both life and death to coal. A mining company destroyed the cemetery where he was buried, and unable to find where he was reinterred, she visits with him in her dreams instead.
Hairston reminds me of my grandmother, who also dreams of people she’s lost, some of whom, if I chose to, I could locate among the subjects of Lewis Hine’s photographs.
Hine photographed mountaineer families in East Tennessee evicted from their homes and land to facilitate the construction of rural development projects in 1933. Hine, best known for his photographs that exposed the horrors of child labor, was an incredibly skillful photographer. But because, like so many others, he came to us to photograph a problem and not a people, I stubbornly resist locating my ancestors in his archive and dwell on the loving images of other families, produced with care and trust.
Louise Goode looks out the window as Red Onion state prison comes into view. His work draws from a rich tradition of community organizing. [Photo credit: Raymond Thompson]
Other images in my own counter-archive of Appalachia tell the story of the region’s activism and advocacy.
Whitesburg, Kentucky, home to media organization Appalshop and its radio affiliate WMMT, has a long history of using community media to create social change by centering and elevating regional voices. One longstanding media project is the WMMT radio show Calls From Home, which broadcasts messages of news and inspiration into area prisons that receive its radio signal and provide families with a no-cost option to send a personalized message to their incarcerated loved ones.
Appalachians inspired by and organizing through WMMT and Appalshop often do other work with prison communities, developing community theater programs about incarceration, and offering assistance and fundraising help to make in-person visits possible.
I am attracted to images of contentment and freedom, an emotion not often captured by strangers with their cameras who prefer us posed in dilapidated bars and trailers or staring dejectedly at the remnants of our discarded industry.
Raymond Thompson, a West Virginia-based photographer, captured images of one such trip organized by WMMT producer Sylvia Ryerson for his documentary project The Divide, which he shot in 2016, about the human cost of incarceration on families. Louise Goode, pictured above, traveled 430 miles on that journey to visit her son whom she had not seen in three years.
Although both Thompson and Ryerson use multimedia technology to advocate for the families of those incarcerated, their work draws from a rich tradition of community organizing, outreach and activism in the region. By providing a venue and a medium, those incarcerated become real people to the communities where prisons are located.
But above all, I am attracted to images of contentment and freedom, an emotion not often captured by strangers with their cameras who prefer us posed in dilapidated bars and trailers or staring dejectedly at the remnants of our discarded industry.
If I had the power, I would break that image search and fill it with photographs of joy and youth and if you asked me how that could possibly represent our reality I’d remind you that thousands of images of passive, poor white people don’t do a very good job of that either.
Elizabeth Catte is a public historian and a regular contributor to Belt Magazine. Her book, What You are Getting Wrong About Appalachia, is out now from Belt Publishing. To get a complimentary copy, become a member of Belt Magazine starting at $5 a month.
This story was originally published by the Guardian and the Economic Hardship Reporting Project as part of their On the Ground project.
Banner photo: A young woman on a skateboard in the Appalachia. [Photo credit: Meg Wilson]
Dad Rock: Tom Petty and the Music of My Father
Sipu Asuwakana (River Songs)
Aretha Was Detroit
Brian M February 8, 2018 at 1:19 pm
This is a really interesting essay. Like too many suburbanites, I do fall pray to the “Those evil hicks gave us Trump” when the real locus of his support is the gated suburban enclave. The focus on the “doomed other” is also a problem.
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2021 Lincoln Navigator Price, Review, Specs, and Release Date. Lincoln’s high-end, Navigator SUV has been well-received after the recent redesign and the brand boasted with the fact that 2/3 of buyers are customers of other carmakers. Curiosity is also that about 90 percent of buyers are picking the most expensive versions. Lincoln wants to stay on the right path and brought a handful of upgrades for the 2020 version. The model received the additional standard features and Lincoln’s Co-Pilot 360 package of active safety systems. The full-size Navigator gained also the new monochromatic exterior option for the 2020 model year.
The truck-based, premium SUV should, on the other hand, stay largely unchanged for the 2021 version while should receive the mid-cycle update for the 2022 model. The 2021 Lincoln Navigator could, however, get the hybrid variant according to some reports but Lincoln hasn’t confirmed it. Ford announced the range of electrified vehicles including the all-electric versions. The Ford F-150 and Expedition hybrids are in works as the reports suggest and Ford even released the video of the all-electric F-150 towing over 1 million pounds. Ford hasn’t confirmed yet when the full-size models will actually get the hybrid options.
2021 Lincoln Navigator Design
The current fourth-generation Lincoln Navigator arrived for the 2018 model year based on Ford’s T3 platform. With the new platform, the full-size Navigator adopted also the aluminum-intensive body and new styling language. By implementing the new styling features debuted by the Lincoln Continental and clever body sculpting, the full-size Navigator manages to look elegant and sophisticated despite its large proportions.
Read: 2020 Lincoln MKC Rumors, Redesign, Release date, Price
The 2021 Lincoln Navigator should inherit the styling from the current version while the 2020 model should introduce some visual modifications as the part of the mid-life update. The 2021 version will likely introduce new exterior shades and wheel options. The special edition version with unique exterior treatment is also possible to keep attention on the model.
The premium Navigator provides a massive interior volume and even more if one picks the extended L version. The well-executed cabin delivers plenty of room for passengers in all rows and up to 103 cubes of the cargo space. Behind the electronically controlled third row, the cargo capacity is 19.3 cubes and 57.5 cubes with the third-row folded.
The Navigator comes also with the high-quality materials in all grades as well as with nice, contrasting trim accents. There will also be a highly configurable digital instrument cluster accompanied by the large center touchscreen driven by Ford’s newest Sync infotainment system.
The model will also offer standard features such as the running boards, wireless charging, heated and ventilated front seats, navigation, more than a dozen speakers, etc.
The high-value, large SUV will also employ the brand’s Co-Pilot360 suite of active safety systems. The model will rely on lane-keeping assist, lane departure warnings, blind-spot detection, forward collision alert with automatic emergency braking and pedestrian detection. There will also be surround-vision cameras and active park assist.
Read: 2020 Lincoln Aviator Price, Release Date, Specs, and Interior
2021 Lincoln Navigator Powertrains
The 2021 Lincoln Navigator will again get massive power and torque from Ford’s twin-turbocharged 3.5-liter V-6 engine. The engine comes in the combination with the smooth 10-speed automatic transmission. The Navigator will have 450 hp and torque of 510 pound-feet at disposals while the twin-turbo V-6 makes 400 horsepower and torque of 480 pound-feet in the Ford Expedition. This engine allows up to 8, 700 pounds of towing with the upgraded hitch.
The Navigator should return around 18 mpg combined fuel economy with both two- and all-wheel drive. The hybrid version could come to improve the fuel economy but the brand hasn’t confirmed. The Navigator hybrid should use a similar setup as the Aviator Hybrid by combining a twin-turbo V-6 engine with the electric motor and battery pack. The system in Aviator uses a 3.0-liter bi-turbo V-6 assisted by the 100 hp electric motor and 13.6 kWh battery for the total output of 496 hp and a massive torque of 630 pound-feet. The Navigator should employ more potent setup.
2021 Lincoln Navigator Release, Price
The 2021 Lincoln Navigator will enter the market in late 2020. The price should again start in the mid-$70, 000. If the hybrid version arrives for the 2020 model year, it will go over $100, 000.
2 photos of the "2021 Lincoln Navigator Price, Review, Specs, and Release Date"
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Australia Airport Meet & Assist serviceAustralia Airport Meet & Assist service
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It handles over 43 million passengers a year, including 27 million domestic passengers, and 444,0000 tonnes of freight.Situated in Mascot, Sydney Airport is a major Qantas hub. It has three runways which extend into Botany Bay on reclaimed land. The longest is the main north-south runway at 3,962m (13,000 feet). In Australia we serve the airports of SYD, MEL, BNE, PER, DRW, CBR, CNS, OOL & HBA, offering travelers VIP meet & greet concierge assistance in each of those airports’ international or domestic terminals.
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Melbourne Airport (IATA Code MEL) is Australia’s second busiest airport with four terminals: one international, two domestic and one budget domestic terminal. Opened in 1970, it is 23km (14 miles) northwest of Melbourne in Tullamarine. It handles 25 million domestic and 10 million international passengers. It is a major hub for Qantas and Virgin Australia and home to Jetstar and Tiger Airways. The route between Melbourne and Sydney is the fifth busiest in the world.
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Brisbane’s first airport opened in 1925. In 1928 Charles Kingsford Smith landed there after completing the first ever Trans-Pacific flight. His Fokker aircraft is now in the airport museum. The current airport was built in 1988 and has two passenger terminals, a cargo terminal, general aviation terminal and two runways.
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Hawaiian Airlines’ Brisbane inaugural
written by australianaviation.com.au November 28, 2012
Hawaiian's inaugural 767 service to Brisbane carried commemorative decals to mark the crossing of the Pacific a year before Hawaiian was founded. (Hawaiian)
Hawaiian Airlines has operated its first nonstop flight between Honolulu and Brisbane. In so doing the airline has become the only US carrier to serve the Queensland capital.
The first of the thrice-weekly flights using a 767-300ER touched down in Brisbane today, returning to Honolulu after a launch ceremony including hula dancing and a traditional Hawaiian blessing of the aircraft.
The inaugural flight also commemorated the epic flight made by the Southern Cross a year before Hawaiian Airlines was formed. In June 1928 the crossing by Kingsford Smith and Ulm took 83 hours. The new service between Honolulu and Brisbane will take nine hours and 15 minutes. The Hawaiian 767 that operated the first service carried a commemorative image of the Southern Cross to mark the occasion.
Hawaiian Airlines’ CEO Mark Dunkerley said: “The flight by Kingsford Smith and Ulm was a pioneering journey, which not only proved the capabilities of the Southern Cross but demonstrated to the world the whole concept of long distance air travel.
“Today, more than 84 years later, I am delighted to be in Brisbane to welcome our own inaugural flight from Hawaii to the Queensland capital, and to celebrate the commencement of our new scheduled services from Brisbane to Honolulu,” Dunkerley added.
We are “builders, not wreckers” – Joyce
Etihad and Emirates top CAPA awards
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AirlinesHeadlinesIndustry & Professionals
Airline profitability falls in first quarter of 2019: IATA
written by australianaviation.com.au June 20, 2019
IATA says the global airline industry’s profitability fell in the first quarter of 2019. (Seth Jaworski)
Profitability in the world’s airline industry was down by nearly half in the first quarter of 2019 thanks to a weak performance by Europe, figures from the International Air Transport Association (IATA) show.
Net post-tax profit recorded by 59 airlines covered by IATA’s latest report totalled $US1.111 billion, down from $US2.658 billion in the first quarter of 2018.
Meanwhile, earnings before interest and tax (EBIT) fell to 2.3 per cent of revenue, a sharp decline from the EBIT margin of 4.2 per cent in the prior corresponding period, the IATA Airlines Financial Monitor for May published on Wednesday (European time) showed.
The aggregate figure masked trends which diverged wildly between regions and was weighed down by the 14 European airlines, which swung from a narrow net post-tax profit of $US158 million to a loss of US$1.919 billion.
In June, IATA downgraded its profit forecast for the whole airline industry to US$28 billion for calendar 2019. This was below a recorded US$30 billion in calendar 2018 and down from IATA’s previous forecast of US$35.5 billion outlined in December 2018.
On a more positive note, the latest monthly update contained some seeds of hope for an easing in costs pressures.
“Brent crude oil and jet fuel prices lost their strong upward momentum at the end of May driven by worries over slowing global oil demand reinforced by an escalated China-US trade war,” the IATA report said.
The latest reading on IATA’s Jet Fuel Price Monitor showed a world average price of $US75.49/barrel on June 14. That was below the average of $US80.50/barrel so far in 2019, which itself would be enough to reduce the annual fuel bill by $US7.7billion.
Even so, the industry still faced challenges.
The IATA report said annual growth in industry-wide revenue passenger kilometres (RPKs) – a measure of demand – remained positive at 4.3 per cent over the year to April.
“Nevertheless, in seasonally adjusted terms, the level of passenger volumes has flattened in recent months indicating a slow-down in the underlying trend,” IATA said.
IATA said that while global base fare passenger yields continued to head lower, premium cabin yields edged higher, although it warned expectations of slower economic growth would hamper further improvement.
The news on freight was even gloomier.
Despite upticks in industry-wide freight tonne kilometres (FTKs) – a measure of capacity – for both March and April, in seasonally adjusted terms, FTKs were still down in April by 2.5 per cent from 12 months earlier, thanks to a downtrend emerging from late 2018.
“Hence, taking into an account ongoing US-China trade dispute, it is early to infer from this month’s modest uptick that it represents a change in the recent downward trend,” IATA said.
The headwinds faced by the sector have played a role in a relatively poor share price performance.
By the end of May, world airline share prices were down an average of 3.5 per cent from the beginning of 2019, compared with a 7.9 per cent gain for the wider share market.
“The performance of the airline index has been diverging from global equity markets since the beginning of this year due to the concerns regarding airline profitability stemming from rising risks such as Brexit and US-China trade war,” IATA said.
Airline Profitability in Q1 2019
Q1 2018 Q1 2019
Airlines in survey Region EBIT Margin 1 Net Post-Tax Profit 2 EBIT Margin 1 Net Post-Tax Profit 2
14 North America 6.4% 1,381 6.5% 2,090
22 Asia-Pacific 3.4% 879 5.7% 1,113
14 Europe 1.8% 158 -5.2% -1,919
6 Latin America 4.9% 66 0.7% -210
3 Others 3.2% 174 1.1% 37
59 Sample total 4.2% 2,658 2.3% 1,111
1. % of revenues
2. US$ million
Source: IATA
VIDEO: IATA presented its economic outlook at its annual general meeting in Seoul on June 2. This video is from the association’s YouTube channel.
International Air Transport Associationnews
Global Services a bright spot for Boeing at Le Bourget
Le Bourget Day 3 Wrap – Airbus storms ahead
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Posts Tagged 'Big Government'
One of many reasons why the establishment must be taken on
Tags: Authoritarianism, Big Government, Establishment, Harrogate Agenda, People Power
If this story (shown in full below) from Christopher Booker (not an isolated case by any means) doesn’t make every reader of it simmer with anger and righteous indignation then there is more wrong in the world than we already realised.
The lunatics take over the
asylum in ‘caring’ Britain
This story, if accurately and truthfully recited to Booker, demonstrates the state – which is supposed to serve the public and be accountable to it – is now dangerously out of control, having already long since asserted itself as our master and dictator. It no longer seeks to serve, it seeks to control. For the state to behave in this way in response to lawful and appropriate challenge to its self-conferred authority and unscrutinised decision making, is an outrage in the proper sense of the word.
The only way the state will relinquish the power it has granted itself is for consent to be withdrawn by the people so as to make it impossible for the state to govern us how it chooses. Then power can be taken back by the people, as per the strategy of The Harrogate Agenda. Seeking change through the party political process is a forlorn hope that will not succeed.
Stolen child scandal: Where do you turn when the establishment is out of control?
Tags: Abuse of Power, Big Government, Child Protection
This is one of the most horrific stories concerning judicial and local authority excess I have ever read, courtesy of Christopher Booker.
A pregnant Italian woman visits the UK for a training course being run by her airline employer
It is reported the woman suffers from bi-polar disorder and has been neglecting her medication, resulting in a panic attack
Having called the police in a distressed state because she can’t find the passports of her other children, the police tell the woman’s mother over the phone they are taking her to hospital to ensure the unborn baby is ok
The woman discovers she has been taken to a psychiatric hospital, and when she asks to go back to her hotel she is physically restrained and sectioned under the Mental Health Act
Social services are involved
Five weeks later, still detained under section, she is refused breakfast without explanation
She protests and is strapped down and sedated
When she regains consciousness she discovers she is in hospital – and that the baby has been cut out of her via Caesarian section and taken away by social services
Essex social services obtained a High Court order in August 2012 for the birth “to be enforced by way of caesarean section”
Unbelievably, High Court judge, Mr Justice Mostyn, had given the social workers permission for this
The woman was deliberately not told what was happening, was not represented properly by the local authority appointed solicitors and had no opportunity to object to what was being done to her and her child
The woman is subsequently refused permission to see her child
The woman is escorted back to Italy, without her child who, without justification, is kept in British custody
The High Court in Rome expresses outrage at what had been done to an Italian citizen “habitually resident” in Italy. But the judge there concluded that, since she had not protested at the time, she had accepted that the British courts had jurisdiction – even though she had not known what was to be done to her, was deemed to have no “capacity” to instruct lawyers because she had been sectioned, and had only been represented by solicitors assigned to her by the local authority
The mother returns to the UK to plead for the return of her daughter
The judge admits that, since resuming her medication, the mother seemed impressively articulate and a different person from the one he had seen earlier. But, because he could not risk a failure to maintain her medication in the future, he ruled that the child must be placed for adoption
No offence had been committed, there had been no abuse of the child, there was no evidence of any risk to the child, but the child had been stolen from a foreign and temporary visitor because of a panic attack
Supported by the mother, her American husband – from whom she is amicably separated, and who is the father of her eldest daughter – asked that the baby be sent to Los Angeles to live with his sister, herself a very capable mother
Essex social services ruled that this was unacceptable because, even though she was the aunt of the baby’s stepsister, the American woman had no “blood” tie to the baby. So, rather than allow the child to be looked after by her “kin”, she must be sent to live with complete strangers
Lawyers for the woman are demanding to know why Essex social services appear not have contacted next of kin in Italy to consult them on the case
An Essex county council spokesman said the local authority would not comment on ongoing cases involving vulnerable people and children – the standard response in the textbook effort to avoid being held to account
This is the most extreme example yet of ‘child protection’ services – which routinely ignore actual abuse when it involves the need for visits, investigations and supervision – going after an easy target who had done nothing wrong, over which they have no jurisdiction, where there was no evidence a child was even at risk – cutting the child out of the mother so it can be put it up for adoption.
If this story does not underline the brutal nature of ‘public servants’ and ‘court officers’ whose actions demonstrate they are completely out of control and giving themselves authority that is wholly excessive and unjustified, nothing else will. It is shocking, disturbing, frightening, and it makes me ashamed of my country and the dictatorship it has become.
This abuse of power must be defeated. Whatever it takes.
It’s your money, but we want it and are taking it…
Tags: Abuse of Power, Big Government, Harrogate Agenda, Personal Freedom, Robber Barons, Tax Avoidance, Taxation
Here we go again. The old chestnut of tax avoidance being equated with tax evasion is back in the papers today.
The paywall-free Mail reports about a number of BBC ‘stars’ who elect to be freelancers and paid as ‘personal service contractors’, rather than work on the BBC payroll.
The benefits are clear. The BBC doesn’t have to pay tax on the money it pays to the freelancer (other than VAT on the invoiced sum), as the freelancer is a ‘company’ entity and responsible for paying taxes due for the services they provide. The freelancer can pay a lower effective tax rate than an employee, depending on how they organise their directorships, salary, costs and expenses and dividend arrangements.
But yet again we see the grubbing politicians, who are so preoccupied with hoovering up as much of our money as possible in order to control how money is spent, making moronic statements that demonstrate they are trying to con the public and demonise people who have done nothing wrong. As the Mail puts it:
There is no suggestion that any of the individuals named have acted improperly but MPs accused the BBC of having ‘staggeringly inappropriate’ arrangements in place for many employees and said it could be ‘complicit’ in tax avoidance.
Complicit in tax avoidance? What the hell? This is the equivalent of criticising drivers for going along a road at 30mph in a 30mph limit by claiming they are complicit in driving within the speed limit. The argument is completely ludicrous. The pressure that has been applied to lead to this unnecessary change is an example of excessively powerful government that is out of control. Personal freedom is being infringed as a result of undue pressure being brought to bear by the over powerful state.
There is nothing wrong with tax avoidance, which is the arranging of your financial affairs so that you legitimately pay less tax. It is legal and responsible. Yet some politicians, whose only motivation is wanting more of our money to control and use to service their whims, have even gone as far as coining the expression ‘aggressive tax avoidance’ to describe the active effort to find legitimate ways of a person or company arranging their affairs to ensure they pay as little tax as necessary within the law. In using this description they are deliberately attempting to mislead people into thinking these individuals and companies are engaging in tax evasion – the illegal and criminal act which is the deliberate failure to provide full and accurate information about income and assets to the tax authorities so tax liability can be correctly assessed and demands applied within the law.
Although it is our money the refrain of the politicians is, ‘but we want it and are taking it’. We no longer have a Parliament. We have an elected Court of Robber Barons.
Court of Robber Barons
And they are doing all they can to bully, threaten and demonise individuals and companies into handing over money they have no legal obligation to pay. Starbucks being a case in point, having suffered so much reputational damage at the hands of politicians and blinkered campaign groups who believe government should control everything, they voluntarily offered to pay millions of pounds to the Exchequer they were not liable for in order to put an end to the blackmail they were subjected to. You read that right, Starbucks were blackmailed into handing over money because politicians did all they could to turn people against the company, which was wrongly being painted as abusing tax law. That should engender fear in everyone.
Taxation has long since ceased to be the process for raising funds to be spent on essential public services and infrastructure. It is now a form of oppressive control to restrict the ability of individuals to use their money as they see fit. The funds raised are squandered on whims and discretionary spending to bribe people into voting the politicians back into office, which is not dissimilar to the use of taxes in medieval times to fund the adventurism of monarchs and luxury of lords.
In a classic abuse of language, the politicians hark on about people having to pay their ‘fair share’, even though this invariably means people with larger incomes and who use public services far less than most other citizens, paying the same contribution as many other people combined. There is no sense of proportion in all this. They have the money and the government wants it, so it rigs the system to ensure it gets it. But in their bubble this is supposedly fair.
The only way this country will ever see responsible taxation and use of our money by the government is when the people have the power to block spending plans that service the interests of the politicians rather than the interests of the population. This road leads back to The Harrogate Agenda, and the fifth of the six demands:
5. No taxation or spending without consent: no tax, charge or levy shall be imposed, nor any public spending authorised, nor any sum borrowed by any national or local government except with the express approval the majority of the people, renewed annually on presentation of a budget which shall first have been approved by their respective legislatures
Only with such democratic control can anyone in this country ever talk about tax in terms of fairness.
More media stupidity on energy
Tags: Big Government, Energy, Media, Sustainability
With very few notable exceptions, it seems the British media is stuffed with hacks who exhibit no evidence of an enquiring mind, no willingness to question and test the stories they are being fed and no interest in publishing challenging pieces that readers need to be told, no matter how difficult the conclusion is for people to accept.
The Mail on Sunday has one of its increasingly half baked, cor blimey editorials today where is proclaims ‘We must sort out fuel prices… right now’. It doesn’t perform any real service to its readers because it doesn’t recognise and set out the real problems about energy prices.
At the most simplistic level, prices are rising for four reasons:
Increasing energy prices on the wholesale market are being passed on to customers by the regulated providers
Increasing government-imposed ‘green levies’ imposed to pay subsidies and grossly inflated tariffs to corporates and land owners for building and hosting inefficient and expensive wind turbines that are incapable of replacing the conventional energy generating capacity
Additional government-imposed levies designed to drive up the cost of energy in order to leave many people with no choice but to use less energy than they do now, regardless of how cold it may get in the winter
The regulated providers seeking to maintain a margin, which in the retail market is only around 5% profit, as reward for the good they provide
But you would never understand this from reading the Mail piece. Instead it adopts the economically illiterate position of the Archbishop of Canterbury – a man with a commercial background who should know better – which effectively calls for the energy providers to absorb the rising cost of energy themselves and provide it to people at cost, or even at a loss. The Mail barely touches on the significant impact of government policy.
Where is its 4 page spread examining the policy of using pricing as a means for forcing reduced energy use? Where is its editorial attacking the imposition of vast levies to install turbines at a cost of billions of pounds, which generate on an average less than 25% of their stated capacity – and where the guaranteed price for what little energy they produce offshore will be £155 per megawatt hour (MWh) and onshore is £110/MWh – falling to a still eye watering £135/MWh and £95/MWh respectively in a couple of years? That compares to a current guaranteed price for nuclear power of £48/MWh. Even that price is expected to almost double to around £90/MWh for new nuclear build as the government fritters away our money as it desperately tries to make up for outrageous strategic failure on new energy build over the last three decades.
What the Mail also fails to grasp, let alone report, is the disturbing fact that the structure of energy prices and what they are made up of is now so complex, not even the most savvy analyst can break down where the money we pay actually goes to.
There are so many impositions and elements in energy today that working out who the money is going to is virtually impossible. Which could explain why we see Scottish and Southern Energy declaring that the cost of energy has gone up 4% in the last year, while British Gas say it is 13% in the last year. The only way to achieve transparency in energy pricing is to start again from scratch and identify exactly what goes where. Then we could have some confidence in British Gas’ breakdown, shown below:
What is clear is that while there are pressures from government and consumers on energy companies to rein in their costs, no one seems to be connecting the dots about how government and regulation is driving up the wholesale costs to energy companies, how transmission charges are rising unchecked and how direct levies and taxes by government are also not subject to proper scrutiny or downward pressure.
Until a lot of light is cast on this and the government is called to account for its part in this – and forced to explain to people the global and EU dimensions to the vicious policy of forcing down demand through higher prices in the name of ‘sustainability’ – the cost of energy is going to continue to rise.
The lightweight intervention of Dr Justin Welby and the weak arsed commentary of the Mail achieves nothing and helps no one.
Energy prices: Reality bites as the grotesque political deception continues
Tags: Big Government, Deception, Delusion, Democracy, Energy, EU, Our Tax £s
The Agenda 21-originating strategy for its notion of the ‘sustainable’ use of energy is now out in plain view. We can see this in the Telegraph today with the headline above.
The story, by the Beano’s fearless dynamic duo Steve Hawkes and Jessica Winch, actually offers readers some value in its opening paragraphs:
Britain’s biggest energy supplier blamed Government costs as it pushed the average annual dual fuel bills up by £120 a year to almost £1,470 – the highest typical tariff ever seen in the UK.
Ian Peters, head of residential energy, said British Gas understood energy bills were a “real worry” but there was little the company could do.
But he faces a fierce backlash after telling customers a price rise didn’t necessarily mean they would have to pay more. He said: “The amount you pay depends not on the price, but on how much gas and electricity you use.”
And this is exactly what we were highlighting the other day in our post about energy. I explained my personal situation where my only option to avoid paying more for my energy is to use less. I explained that is exactly what the government’s energy policy is designed to achieve, to force everyone to use less by driving up the prices. And now British Gas is explicitly telling customers to use less energy.
With that in mind, the sheer contempt and cold hatred I feel for the Axis of Weasel, warming their fat, taxpayer funded arses on the green benches on all sides of the House of Commons, should be understandable.
Instead of pursuing a strategy to devise effective, efficient, affordable and low impact energy generation and distribution systems, to comfortably meet the demand from a growing and, thanks to human progress, an increasingly energy-intensive population in these Isles, the entire political class has glued itself to an environmentalist driven agenda to reverse progress and force us to use less energy.
The moronic hypocrites in the Labour party naturally seek to make political capital of this latest price rise, declaring it was yet another example of why Ed Miliband’s price freeze was needed – as if they bear no responsibility for these measures being enacted when Miliband was the Secretary of State who pushed them through. Thus we see the putrid Caroline Flint declaring that:
Britain’s energy market isn’t working for ordinary families and businesses.
Yet she and her colleagues are the ones to blame for this, and the execution of the strategy that ensures the market doesn’t work and prices are being forced up by government delusion over cutting CO2 emissions. But the Tories and Lib Dems bear equal responsibility. Which is why, when the likes of Michael Fallon spout shite about the energy sector needing more competition and that people can save money if they shop around; and Ed Davey demanding energy companies justify the price increases brought about by the very policies he is actively pursuing and seeking to make even more burdonsome, as the current Minister at DECC, I am left in a simmering rage at the whole shoddy, incompetent, deceitful, sick inducing lot of them.
Getting back to today’s news, Chris Weston, British Gas managing director, is quoted as saying the cost of green subsidies and environmental programmes such as ‘Eco’ – free loft and cavity wall insulation – were to blame for almost half of the increase. Yet for most properties the amount saved off energy bills from reduced use would take many years to cover the cost of the measures government has forced energy companies to offer. And there are many properties where the design does not allow for such measures, meaning they are stuck with higher bills in return for nothing.
Did you vote for this? Did you want this? I’ll wager the answer is no. Yet, as a citizen of the EU (whether you want to be or not) you have supposedly been represented in the discussion and decision making that has resulted in our energy prices being driven up. No, really.
But for that to be true, in the UK, unless you would need to be a paid up, consulted and voting member of:
Waste Watch
Scottish Environment Link
Environmental Protection UK
Client Earth
Wildlife and Countryside Link
Royal Society for the Protection of Birds
Green Alliance
FERN – EU Forest Programme
Campaign to Protect Rural England
For it is only these organisations that ‘represent’ UK citizens in the discussion that informs such energy policies. This is because, under the guise of listening to what ‘citizens’ have to say, these are the campaign groups the EU chooses to recognise as part of the European Environmental Bureau (EEB).
Public funding from the EU and national governments flows to these groups to lobby back at them and sit alongside ministers and national representatives as equals. This gives the ability to the senior leaders of these groups to dictate the approach to environment and energy that impacts all of us, and it is they who have driven and are driving many of the decisions that result in the increases in energy costs that are punishing the poorest and most vulnerable in our society.
But ask the members of these organisations how many of them were asked to vote on this approach to energy, or approve their organisation’s position, and I will warrant the vast majority had no say and probably could not articulate the political stance their membership is validating. But there we are. Realpolitik in action. Democracy as interpreted by governments. And we poor bastards continue to foot the bill – some of us dying for the lack of affordable energy to stay warm in past and coming winters.
The political class needs to be stopped.
Extortion class cashes in after demands for money with menaces
Tags: Big Government, Kleptocracy, Starbucks, Taxation, Theft
The political class has done its job well. So brainwashed are the lumpen masses they believe a great victory has been achieved with the news Starbucks has handed over £5m to the Exchequer as a corporation tax payment, with another £5m to follow later in the year – regardless of whether Starbucks makes sufficient profit to incur that liability.
The Daily Wail also does its bit to sow confusion by conflating global earnings with UK tax liability, in a deliberate effort to make Starbucks’ operation here look more profitable than it is so the £5m payment looks much smaller than it should have been.
It is only after eight paragraphs that the detail is shared with readers, some of whom before that had taken to the comment thread to hurl abuse and invective at the coffee chain. What the detail reveals is that (my emphasis in bold):
This year however the European arm of the company has turned a profit. In its most recent trading update Starbucks said operating profit in Europe was $5.2million (£3.4million) for the three months to 25 April, up $12.2million (£7.9million) on an operating loss of $7million (£4.5million) for the same period a year earlier.
Making a liberal assumption that Starbucks’ European (not UK) sales stay consistent for the remainder of the year, the company would be on course to make a profit across the whole of Europe of £13.6m. However, the UK Exchequer will be getting £10m from the company following the campaign of demonisation and public opprobrium led by millionaire politicians like Margaret Hodge, who avail themselves of measures to reduce their own taxes without any shame for their hypocritical behaviour.
That means Starbucks in Europe could end up paying 36.7% of all of its European profits in tax to the UK Exchequer alone.
But reading some of the comments that have been elicited by the Wail’s deliberate effort to obfuscate the facts, it seems that isn’t anywhere near enough! No doubt that is a view held by the extortionists in Westminster, who remain unchallenged about just why they take so much money in tax from this country’s productive sectors.
That there would be consequences was always a given. So the extortion class and the brainless morons, who see businesses as a cash cow to subsidise government bribes, waste and inefficiency, can now take responsibility for the actions Starbucks is now taking to mitigate some of the financial costs of paying grossly excessive sums of money that are not even owed, in order to end the witch hunt:
We are also undertaking measures to make Starbucks profitable in the UK, such as relocating unprofitable stores to more cost effective locations, closing them where that is not possible and placing greater reliance on franchised and licensed stores.
Take a bow, hypocritical, political class rent seekers. Demonising Starbucks will now result in people – typically younger people early in their working lives who already struggle to find employment opportunities – losing their jobs as stores are moved or closed to reduce costs to subsidise this state engineered robbery. Some of those who work directly for the chain with the benefits that go with working for a large employer, will now find themselves working for franchises that typically offer lesser terms and conditions.
These actions could now see tax take from the affected employees reduce and possibly see benefits required to support those who will lose their jobs. Where the state has grown too large, too overbearing and too powerful, these are the things that happen.
I will savour the squeals of protest from those myopic comment thread outrage mongers over at the Wail, when the beast they have helped feed starts to take more from them in the not too distant future. We will doubtless see a very different tune being played when they are on the receiving end of the kleptocracy that refuses to just deliver essential services and infrastructure well, and insists on inserting itself into areas where it has no business, using our money to service its own interests rather than ours.
Open letter to the Archbishop of York, Dr John Sentamu
Tags: Big Government, Moral Relativism, Morality, Politics of Spite, Poverty, Tax Avoidance, Taxation
Dear Lord Archbishop,
I read with great interest the report of your comments to the BBC on the subject of tax avoidance in the context of morality.
In your interview you said of tax avoidance that, ‘It is sinful, simply because Jesus was very clear; pay to Caesar what belongs to Caesar and to God what belongs to God.’ Perhaps, My Lord, you would care to give consideration to the fact that much of our wealth belongs to us and does not belong to today’s Caesar at all? To accuse individuals and companies of being sinful for finding ways to ensure they only pay the tax for which they are legally liable, is frankly nonsense.
But there is an additional concern here, which is the notion you raise that by only paying the tax for which individuals and corporations are legally liable, they are ‘not only robbing the poor of what they could be getting, they are actually robbing God, because God says “bring into my store house all the tithes”‘.
This is a disgraceful and outrageous assertion, My Lord. Government policy throughout the world is far and away a greater cause of poor people being deprived than any other factor. Your assertions seeks to position government as an absolute force for good, while ignoring the fact so much poverty in the world is caused by government spending decisions. To lay the blame for poverty and hunger at the door of those people and businesses that do not wish to see the money they have earned squandered on electoral bribes, gerrymandering, servicing vested interests (including at local government level), and feathering the nests of powerful supporters, rather than directed at essential public services and infrastructure, is an appalling inversion of what should be considered as moral.
Where do you see government being ‘just’ or ‘walking humbly’ as it uses taxation as a tool of coercion and takes more than it needs? Surely, by coveting their neighbour’s goods and taking what they are not owed, it is the government robbing God, the world and my neighbour. Government has a duty to take only that which is needed, but it refuses to be bound by that covenant and abuses its power. Why should taxpayers tolerate such abuses at the expense of them and the well-being of their families for who they have responsibility?
The Anglican Church, more than most other institutions, has good reason to doubt the moral credentials of the government, which increasingly interferes in matters of conscience and spirituality and undermines the practice of one’s faith in the pursuit of secular orthodoxy. It would serve you well to remember that before presenting government as a moral authority only held back from good works because taxpayers strive to retain what is lawfully theirs.
For an educated and intelligent man, your comments point to a naivety and childish simplicity that while it may be touching for some, is profoundly disturbing and results in an articulated ignorance that does more harm than good.
Danny Alexander wears confiscation of our money like a badge of honour
Tags: Big Government, Client State, Our Tax £s, Shared Helplessness, State Racketeering, Theft
What kind of world has this become where a government minister, Danny Alexander, tries to out-do his (current) political opponents by declaring the rich have paid more in tax under the coalition than at any time under Labour?
This is just the latest example of the wrongheaded thinking that infests the political bubble, boasting that under this profligate, social democratic coagulation the all-powerful and unrepresentative state is managing to strip from the population more money than the other lot of incompetents, as if it’s something to be proud of.
Taxation would not be an issue if the government took the bare minimum necessary to maintain essential services and infrastructure, ensuring the protection of the population and support of the vulnerable in society. But that isn’t what happens. Despite public spending continuing to spiral out of control, fuelled by increased state theft and unaffordable borrowing, the necessary services the British people have paid handsomely for are actually being run down. Yet the lumpen masses who, to use their corruption of language, ‘celebrate’ ever rising taxation as ‘fairness’.
Many actively endorse and demand the kind of tax inequality that see local authorities charge a household of six people in one street the same amount of council tax for services as their single next door neighbour, who, if lucky, might be forgiven a mere 20% of the charge. In the event that person is paying more for the services than the family next door. But suggest that the charges should be applied based on the number of people in a household rather than the arbitrarily derived property value banding, and rioters take to the streets. So much for fairness. What we have is envy and jealousy where people who don’t earn as much as some others resent that good fortune and want to see those individuals punished for being better off, by government taking more of their wealth from them. Redistribution sounds great until all the barriers are removed and it happens to you.
Government’s attitude is to take as much as they think they can get away with, then allocate large portions of the money to propping up the organs of our supreme government in the UN and the EU, while squandering billions more on vanity projects and ideologically driven idiocy that benefit special interests rather than ordinary people as a whole. It is the warped spending priorities of successive governments that have driven this. It will not change until the day when people are asked to approve the government budgets and ministers are forced to justify their spending priorities. Until that day people are perfectly justified in doing all they can to legally minimise the amount of money seized from them.
Bankster racket – The Cyprus template that wasn’t a template is now a template
Tags: Abuse of Power, Banksters, Big Government, Democracy, Economy
Remember how Cyprus was supposed to be a special case and not a template for similar wealth confiscation elsewhere in the future? Remember how it transpired the measures taken in Cyprus had already been written into the Banking Act 2009? Well the Banksters are getting bolder as a piece on ZeroHedge makes clear:
The CEO of Unicredit Federico Ghizzoni said yesterday that it is “acceptable to confiscate savings to save banks.” He said that the savings which are not guaranteed by any protection or insurance could be used in the future to contribute to the rescue of banks who fail and that uninsured deposits could be used in future bank failures provided global policy makers agree on a common approach.
The organised racket is very clear. Any money we put into bank accounts is a loan to the bank. Given that governments don’t have the money to bail out banks, which have been run into the ground while using our money to carry out poorly considered lending to borrowers who are defaulting or declaring bankruptcy, they are now treating the money lent to them by depositors as exactly what the rules say it is – theirs. Caveat creditor.
Note the reference to having a common approach to global policy. Global governance is the agenda at play. The wealthy elite makes the rules and is now applying the rules to protect their financial position at the expense of anyone who is willing to risk putting their money in one of their institutions. If the Banksters don’t get your money, then be assured the global cooperation and harmonisation gradually being developed by governments will see to it that taxation will hoover up your wealth. No permission sought, no approval given, just the abuse of power by the political class and their establishment cronies.
It has been clear in the way governments are exchanging supposedly confidential account information between each other, under the pretext of tackling tax evasion. But even where there is no evasion, this exchange provides vital intelligence about the holdings of individuals that can be used to inform governments about who has what, so policy can be created to target them for specific taxes and wealth confiscation – all to satisfy the bribery and spending fetishes that politicians rely on to buy votes of the net consumers at the expense of the net producers.
While politicians like to spout off about democracy and freedom, their actions are designed for a single purpose, to enslave the people who are supposed to be their masters. Government, both supranational and national, never shrinks. The parasite continues to expand by feeding on the people they are supposed to serve.
The only thing it doesn’t seem to have planned for is what happens when the incentives to production have been destroyed and the wealth it plunders has run out. What will the state’s clients do when their free handouts come to an end? Perhaps by they the planet will be so collectivised we will be scratching the land to produce food and resorting to barter as the medium of exchange. Progress will have been reversed and the green wet-dream of ‘sustainability’ will be realised.
At what point will the sleepwalking masses wake up and put an end to it? There is no conspiracy theory here, just conspiracy.
A happy outcome in Cyprus!
Tags: Big Government, Fraud, Hypocrisy, Taxation, Theft
For the ‘colleagues’… The Cyprus Mail reports that:
EU funds co-financing Cyprus-based development and growth projects will be exempt from the deposit haircut, communications minister Tasos Mitsopoulos said yesterday.
Mitsopoulos said that the 37.5 per cent haircut on deposits larger than €100,000 held in the Bank of Cyprus would not impact EU funds.
“This development secures the smooth flow of resources from EU funds to Cyprus, and the continuation of any projects underway,” Mitsopoulos said. He said that the happy outcome was the result of coordinated efforts by the government of Cyprus.
I’m sure every Cypriot depositor, whether an individual or small business owner, who has seen a large chunk of the money they have worked hard to accumulate stolen by the decree of the Cypriot government, European Union, European Central Bank and International Monetary Fund, will be delighted to see that government saw to it deposits in the banks belonging to the favoured few were exempt from confiscation. A happy outcome indeed.
But then, why should the EU not benefit from the same shady deals that have been quietly arranged for political parties, politicians and their families, senior civil servants and corporate businessmen? One rule for the elite, penury for the rest.
The moment you put your money in a bank it becomes theirs for the taking. You’re only a creditor. Now they’ve established the principle of the game, the only question is one of scale. There is nothing to stop them deciding to hoover up the deposits of those with less than €100,000 on deposit if they call it a tax and confiscate the money before a bank goes under.
Arch Tory Timmy and the Conservative fetish for big government
Tags: Abuse of Power, Big Government, Conservatives, Our Tax £s, Politics of Spite, Vested Interests
It’s interesting to see that Timmy of The Times has been holding forth over on the ConservativeHome blog. He is arguing that although David Cameron is not a great leader, he can still win the next General Election and should not be ousted by the party’s MPs.
In his assessment, Timmy references a story hidden behind the same Times paywall where he will be shrinking to greatness, talks about the way Cameron has allowed the so-called centre right vote to be split:
Most of all, I hold Cameron responsible for the splitting of the centre right vote. Successful leaders spend 50% of their time looking after their existing voters and 50% reaching out to new voters. In recent months Cameron has scrambled back to a more balanced approach but the damage is already done. UKIP is booming in the polls and today’s FT reports (£) that they are about to broaden further – adding a low tax message (which seems completely unaffordable to me) to their existing core messages on Europe and immigration. UKIP, remember, don’t need to win a single seat in order to still deny Tory candidates victory in key marginals.
As you can see from the piece I have emphasised in bold, Timmy has his eye on the fusion between electoral appeal and economics. The piece in the Times that he refers to is summarised on ConHome’s main page as follows:
“The UK Independence party is to broaden its electoral message beyond its usual campaigns against Europe and immigration with a new tax strategy aimed squarely at swing voters in middle Britain. Godfrey Bloom, the party’s economics spokesman, wants to create a flat rate of income tax at 25 per cent with a personal allowance of £13,000, a policy which he accepts will bring particular benefits to middle earners. Meanwhile, in another attempt to chisel support away from the Conservatives, Mr Bloom also wants to allow non-working parents to transfer their tax allowance to a working spouse.”
Timmy’s big problem here is the same one that infests the Cameron Conservatives; the belief that the plans UKIP are putting forward are unaffordable because government has to spend so much money. It is this kind of lazy thinking, and the authoritarian bent that accompanies it, which is causing so much financial misery to ordinary people.
UKIP’s economic plan is entirely affordable – as long as the government stops spending money on non-essential services and provisions. But politicians of every stripe are in an arms race to make promises to voters that cannot be delivered without stealing ever greater sums of our money.
And when the consequences of a government’s irresponsible spending, unaffordable borrowing, increasing taxation and syphoning of our wealth to service its own ends become so serious they can no longer be hidden, we are presented with the ‘false choice’. Brandon Smith, writing on this from an American perspective on Zero Hedge, defines it superbly when he writes:
Large and corrupt governments love to use the magic of the false choice. For instance, “…it is better to sacrifice some of your money and your principles to the establishment than it is to live through total collapse of the nation…” This false choice process, though, never ends. The offending government will demand more property and more freedom from the citizenry everyday while constantly warning that if we do not submit, the alternative will be “far worse”.
The truth is, Cyprus is not the issue. What the disaster in Cyprus reflects, however, concerns us all. It is a moment of precedence; an action which sets the stage for the final destruction of the idea of private property. It dissolves one of the final barriers to total government control. Governments and elitists have always stolen from the public through misspent taxation and rampant inflation, but with Cyprus, we see a renewed feudalistic paradigm. The EU and the banking hierarchy are sending a message to the Western world: You are now their personal emergency fund, and nothing you own is actually yours anymore.
When an institution confiscates property and capital at will from a subdued and frightened populace without consent, they are essentially exploiting the labor of that populace. In any culture or language, this is called “slavery”.
The Tories, for all their pontificating about personal freedom and responsibility, are following this exact path, just as Labour and the Lib Dems would if they held ‘power’ exclusively. This is the disease that has infested the political class and will harm us all.
Where Timmy should be shouting from the rooftops that government should not be continuously expanding and over reaching and does not need to be so big or spend so much, he merely whimpers that leaving people to decide for themselves how their money is spent and how they use their resources, is unaffordable – for the government! How is that viewpoint reconcilable with someone who professes to want limited government and individual freedom? He clearly hasn’t got a bloody clue.
If Cyprus was a one-off, special case then why…
Tags: Big Government, Economy, Fraud, Money Train
… does the UK Banking Act (2009) contain the same provisions to confiscate the wealth of depositors in banks, in the way the EU, ECB and IMF ‘Troika’ did, if UK banks get into trouble?
The screenshot below is from a joint paper published in December last year by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (US) and the Bank of England called ‘Resolving Globally Active, Systemically Important, Financial Institutions‘. It can be found on the Bank of England website. This section is on page ii.
It couldn’t happen anywhere else, the Eurocrats keep saying. So why are the provisions necessary?
The reality that too many people do not understand is that putting your money in a bank makes you a creditor. You are lending money to the bank so the bank can use that money to lend it out at a profit to others. You get some of the profit back as interest. If the bank gets into trouble like Laiki Bank in Cyprus, you are just one of many creditors who stands to lose your money.
Cyprus did not have to restrict its confiscation of people’s deposits to those over €100,000. The ‘insurance’ policy is worthless if the money is taken as a tax or as part of a restructuring plan. The promises that underpin fiat currency and the treatment of your money by the state and the bankers are as worthless as the paper promisory notes people are queuing for hours in Cyprus to obtain.
The best option is to put some of your wealth out of the reach of the government, the banks and their crooked financial system. I’ve removed a proportion of my savings and bought physical gold, and physical silver which is stored in a private, independently audited vault in Switzerland. If you want to preserve some of your wealth I refer you to sign up and buy gold and silver securely by clicking on the BullionVault banner below:
I am publishing a short e-book on Amazon in the next few weeks for people who are interested in investing in gold and silver. If you are interested in buying a copy from me directly in PDF format just email me at autonomousmind@hotmail.co.uk.
Whose money is it exactly?
Tags: Big Government, HMRC, Our Tax £s, Taxation, Waste
Hope you’ve all been keeping well while I’ve been taking a blog break. With the madness that surrounds us it’s always good (and sometimes necessary) to shut out the noise and clear one’s head of the idiocy and wrongheaded nonsense that defies reason and logic.
So, the horsing around continues. This essay isn’t about the horsemeat farce – Richard has been at his blistering best showing up the ignorance and incompetence of most politicians and journalists about food regulation and the EU’s competence control of it, and there’s really nothing I can add of value. Suffice to say if you have not read his post about the involvement of Nestlé in the scandal then you really should.
No, this is about the political arrogance and media’s hysteria and misrepresentation surrounding the subject of taxation. According to a typically statist article in the Independent, tax avoidance schemes:
are costing the Treasury £5bn a year by exploiting loopholes in a complex system designed to help businesses, the Public Accounts Committee (PAC) said.
Apparently the committee was scathing about the performance of HMRC, which, it says, is losing a game of cat and mouse with companies that promote aggressive tax avoidance.
That assessment sums it up. Costing the Treasury money? How very dare some people and firms try to keep what actually belongs to them. While there is nothing new under the sun here, it is deserving of focus because of what it reminds us about what is wrong with governments of every stripe, namely that they believe they are entitled to the money we earn – our money – and that it is theirs to do with whatsoever they wish.
Tax avoidance is perfectly legal and responsible, yet HMRC is being criticised by MPs for not collecting more money from businesses and individuals for whom there is no legal necessity to pay it. Despite the actions of tax advisers, and the businesses and individuals who rightfully want to hold on to as much as possible of what they earned, MPs and HMRC are engaging in a game of setting traps to seize more money and demonising those people and businesses who manage to retain their money legally. Look at Starbucks, accused of not paying its fair share and disgracefully maligned by MPs and the media, it actually does make a loss in the UK even before its supposedly controversial (yet under EU law perfectly legal) transfer pricing to its European headquarters. Yet as a result it has been pressured into voluntarily paying over money to HMRC, worsening its UK losses and most likely resulting in cost cutting that could affect jobs.
This is an outrageous inversion of the way things are supposed to be. The state has assumed for itself the position of master, rather than servant. And when it doesn’t get what it wants it bullies, threatens, slanders and character assassinates those who justly stand up for themselves. And now MPs are calling for this so called informal ‘naming and shaming‘ to be made into a formal approach.
The inversion looks set to be extended by something even more dangerous – as evidenced by a discussion on BBC Radio 4 this morning – where a recommendation was being made to follow the approach taken by the Australian tax authorities. This is where schemes designed to be tax efficient are not permitted until they have been examined and then approved by the authorities. Such a change would represent a move away from a position where an action is lawful unless proscribed by law, to one where the action is considered illegal until permission for it is granted. This is not the definition of freedom within a society. It is defacto enslavement.
Lets not forget it is the state, in the guise of grubbing politicians continually making unsustainable and unfunded spending pledges, that has caused and is deepening the financial mess this country is in. The same state thinks it can arrest the decades-old slow burn implosion of our economy by seizing more of our money. It is as desperate as it is futile.
The fact is successive governments have, over a period of decades, been buying votes with our money by inflating and extending the welfare state. The emergency safety net originally envisaged for the welfare state has been gradually replaced by unfunded gerrymandering to buy off voters, creating an unaffordable client state.
The notion of living within one’s means has been abandoned by many Britons and by the government itself. Instead of government recognising it cannot keep doling out an ever increasing number of billions of pounds to people to subsidise their lives – even when they are actually working – and cutting welfare spending to all but the most needy and vulnerable, governments have embedded a handout culture that has been funded by ever increasing borrowing. This has been exacerbated by the adoption of increasingly delusional and unaffordable European approaches to welfare combined with a rapid increase in eligibility for benefits for foreigners who come to these shores.
The system is broken and the UK is bankrupt in all but name, owing a total of 900% of what the whole economy generates. The irresponsible politicians and feckless fools who believe in something for nothing are to blame. It is only low interest rates that are keeping the country clinging on by its fingertips as it tries to service ever rising debt repayments. Yet incredibly this Cameron-led coagulation government which promised to tackle and reduce debt is actually borrowing even more money than the feckless Blair and Brown government before it.
If the UK economy was a business, the organs of the state would immediately close it down and ban its directors from ever running a company again. But instead we have desperate politicians engineering the state sanctioned theft by HMRC in a desperate last gasp effort to undo the folly that has built up over many years. It is an utter waste of time because the government’s own policies add more to the debt burden than can ever be replaced by even 100% taxation.
So back to the original question in the title of this essay. Whose money is it exactly? The answer is simple and unsurprising. The money we earn through our endeavours is ours. The tax system is being abused, but it is the irresponsible and profligate previous and current governments that have been abusing it and continue to abuse it for its own self serving ends. In such circumstances it is not only understandable that people and businesses are aggressively looking to be as tax efficient as possible, moreso than ever they are completely justified in doing so.
It’s interesting that George Osborne has been finding that despite record levels of people in employment, the UK’s tax receipts have actually been falling. It’s common sense really and not just because more people have part time rather than full time work. Many more productive people have started working for themselves due to redundancy or uncertainty with existing employers, forming small limited companies, they are discovering they can set their tax arrangements to ensure they pay no income tax or national insurance. In fact they can pay corporation tax only on company profits after allowable expenses, and as long as they keep dividend payments below the higher rate tax threshold they pay no tax on that either – with some doubling the tax free dividend amount in their household if their spouse is a shareholder in the company too. If their spouse is also a director of the company an extra £7,488 of tax and NI free income can be taken in by the household.
I know this because it’s what I am now doing and it means for taking a small risk by being self employed I can keep more of what I earn. It’s worth any fight with HMRC for the reward and the sheer bloody satisfaction of not having as much of my hare earned money pissed up the wall on moronic pet projects like wind turbines and imported benefits claimants by the useless idiots in Whitehall. Forget the claims that the Thatcher era made people selfish. It’s this supposed compassionate era since that is making people say enough is enough and look to themselves. The money I earn is being used to clear all my household’s debt and to purchase gold which will hold its value far better than our steadily devaluing paper currency, so I can leave something with intrinsic value for my children in what is likely to be a harsher economic climate that even that we have today.
If EUphile delusion is a disease, this man could be the unwitting cure
Tags: Big Government, Contempt, Deception, EUphilia, National Sovereignty, Political Class, Quislings
If there is one thing we can all respect about fanatical EU federalists, it’s that they invariably tell the truth about the EU project even if to further its aims they slip in the odfd misdirection to keep the less informed on side. Contrast that with the UK political class, which spends all its time attempting – clearly with some success – to deceive the British public into believing the EU is only about the single market, rather than the decades-old objective of political union.
Reading the piss-poor Huffington Post ranks lower on my list of enjoyable activities than having teeth pulled without anaesthetic or undergoing a vasectomy with garden shears. But every so often that paean of quasi-Marxist groin-centric spherical objects, does manage to extract a valuable contribution from one its fellow travellers that underline the scale of the task facing we democratically-minded, classically-liberal freedom lovers. On Friday that digital equivalent of used toilet roll delivered one such soul-destroying jumble of bovine colonic detritus.
The former prime minister of Belgium, Guy Verhofstadt, replete with those thick framed spectacles that are the essential fashion eyewear of socialist authoritarians the world over, for the benefit of the UK audience briefly used the tired but seemingly effective trick of conflating the EU and it destination of political union with the single market. Cue yawns, or in Nile Gardiner’s worthy case a short rebuttal in the Telegraph. But thereafter the true EUphile colours streamed through. Following the typical EU federalist falsehood came some welcome honesty:
Cameron will not succeed if he attempts to hold his European partners to ransom, exchanging acquiescence to EU treaty change over the eurozone for a unilateral repatriation of powers. Moreover, the rest of the EU knows that stability and economic recovery in the eurozone is vital to the UK’s own economic interests. Some have said Cameron is not going to get his way by pointing a gun at everyone else’s head. I believe a more apt metaphor would be that of a madman, threatening to blow himself up unless he gets his own way.
One issue on which Cameron has been deliberately vague is what powers he seeks to repatriate. Social and employment law which sets minimum standards for annual leave, maternity, working hours or health and safety practices? Police and judicial cooperation which leading law enforcement figures have said are vital to the UK’s national security? The Common Fisheries Policy, which is already currently undergoing major reform? Do the fish even know wherei (sic) international borders are anyway? The only thing Cameron will achieve by seeking to renegotiate terms of membership is that Britain will be left ostracised, resented and alone. And the failure to meet expectations back home for a repatriation of powers would risk sending the UK hurtling towards the exit.
We can but hope. But this honesty, even though it has been spilled out in a curious effort to make Britons want more of this rather than less, once again exposes Cameron’s empty rhetoric and the bleating of supposed business geniuses for what it is. What it also does is provide ‘outers’ with yet more valuable ‘horse’s mouth’ material to show the renegotiation meme so beloved of Cameron, the leaden Tories and their partisan cheerleaders, is a fantasy option.
People are being lured in to supporting a non-existant ‘renegotiation’ option or reluctantly accepting continued EU membership because of establishment scare tactics and the concealment of the benefits of independence; which is why Mr Catherine Ashton’s recent YouGov poll (for the EUphile Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung and the socialist authoritarian Fabian Society) saw a fall in the number of people aged 18-34 wanting to leave the EU with more in that group wanting to stay put. Across the whole electorate the split for leaving the EU/staying in the EU is 55% / 43%.
People desiring a major renegotiation of the terms of EU subordination is perfectly fine in itself; but its prospects are even less likely than me fulfilling my desire of engaging in an extended passionate, Monte Carlo based extra-marital liaison with Bar Refaeli, Kate Beckinsale, Doutzen Kroes and Blake Lively. However many people polled say they support the idea, it’s just not going to happen.
While Verhofstadt then deviates back into the realms of lies and gross distortion by repeating the agreed line on EFTA and the ‘fax law’ fallacy, misleading people by describing the more than 50% of UK exports that travel through the EU as being exports to the EU, (the UK Treasury Pink Book, the OECD and the European Commission all put the figure at below 50 per cent, with the latest figures from the Office of National Statistics showing the Eurozone accounts for just 47.1 per cent of our exports of goods) and desperately trying to convince people that having your voice and interests diluted and weakened by combining it with 26 other competing and conflicting voices and interests is more effective than using your own voice to articulate your own position, he has nonetheless offered some service. If little Guy reads the HuffPo comments in response to his rant he may also be rather disheartened to see how many people reject his premise and see the need and value to be an independent country again.
But before heading back to his seat on the gravy train and some back-slapping from the ‘colleagues’ who are desperate to keep the whole stinking ediface intact, Verhofstadt leaves us with a fisking opportunity:
In fields as diverse as the single market, foreign policy, trade and enlargement, the UK has shown that it can play a leading role. Crucially, Britain’s liberal instincts have helped ensure that the EU remains competitive, outward looking, and a force for peace and trade liberalisation throughout the world. It has achieved this not through blackmail, but by building alliances and pushing for EU-wide reform.
If put accurately and truthfully that would read: In fields as diverse as the single market, foreign policy, trade and enlargement, the UK has tried to play a leading role but has been ignored. Crucially, Britain’s liberal instints have been abused to keep it firmly inside an EU that is anti-competitive, insular, and a force for empty rhetoric and corporatism throughout the world. It has achieved this not through blackmail, but by being lied to and blackmailed by EU federalists who determine the UK’s alliances for her and reject every call for EU-wide reform.
Thanks for your help, Guy!
No, not bullshit…
Tags: Big Government, EU, National Sovereignty
But another product generated by bulls that furthers the continuation of the species… Yes, even bull semen is regulated, as you can see in the list below.
It’s always interesting to see a snapshot of just one small element of the EU’s control over this country – in this case regulations imposed on DEFRA as a direct result of EU legislation. There is no reason why the UK could not draft essential regulations itself rather than wait for Brussels to hand down the diktats for implementation, but our EU membership means we have to adopt whatever our supreme government overseas decides is best for all 27 member states, regardless of their differing needs and situations.
Tory MP, Priti Patel, likes asking questions like these to elicit a written answer in the House of Commons. While she doesn’t seem to do much with the information, eurosceptics can benefit from it. The range and scope of EU legislation and regulation that will need to be reviewed and unpicked will take many years to deal with to suit this country’s needs. There will need to be a period of transition from EU member state to independent country so we can take control of our own affairs once again. A unilateral withdrawal without attention to the consequences would be a disaster – something Nigel Farage needs to learn pretty bloody fast.
Priti Patel: To ask the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs which regulations his Department introduced as a result of EU legislation in (a) 2011 and (b) 2012 to date; which regulations his Department expects to implement as a result of EU legislation in (i) 2013 and (ii) the next two years; and what estimate he has made of the cost of each such regulation to the (A) public purse and (B) private sector.
Richard Benyon: DEFRA introduced the following regulations in 2011 as a result of EU legislation:
Animal By-Products (Enforcement) (England) Regulations 2011
Energy Information Regulations 2011
The Seed Marketing (Amendment) Regulations 2011
The Marketing of Fresh Horticultural Produce (Amendment) Regulations 2011(1)
The Trade in Animals and Related Products Regulations 2011(1)
The Environmental Protection (Controls on Ozone-Depleting Substances) Regulations 2011
The Reporting of Prices of Milk Products (England) (Amendment) Regulations 2011(1)
The Wine Regulations 2011(1)
The Pollution Prevention and Control (Designation of Directives) (England and Wales) Order 2011(1)
The Animal By-Products (Enforcement) and Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies (England) (Amendment) Regulations 2011(1)
The Ecodesign for Energy-Related Products (Amendment) Regulations 2011(1)
The Veterinary Medicines Regulations 2011
The Seeds (National Lists of Varieties) (Amendment) Regulations 2011
The Fruit Juices and Fruit Nectars (England) (Amendment) Regulations 2011
The Incidental Flooding and Coastal Erosion (England) Order 2011
The Agricultural Holdings (Units of Production) (England) Order 2011(1)
The Bovine Semen (England) (Amendment) Regulations 2011(1)
The Poultrymeat (England) Regulations 2011
The Alien and Locally Absent Species in Aquaculture (England and Wales) Regulations 2011
The Non-Commercial Movements of Pet Animals Order 2011
The Rural Development Programme (Transfer and Appeals) (England) Regulations 2011(1)
The Plant Protection Products Regulations 2011
The Environmental Permitting (England and Wales) (Amendment) (No. 2) Regulations 2011
The Aquatic Animal Health (England and Wales) (Amendment) Regulations 2011(1)
The Waste (England and Wales) Regulations 2011
The Plant Protection Products (Fees and Charges) Regulations 2011
The Poultry Health Scheme (Fees) Regulations 2011(1)
The Charges for Residues Surveillance (Amendment) Regulations 2011
The Eels (England and Wales) (Amendment) Regulations 2011(1)
The Landfill (Maximum Landfill Amount) Regulations 2011(1)
The Natural Mineral Water, Spring Water and Bottled Drinking Water (England) (Amendment) Regulations 2011(1)
The Conservation of Habitats and Species (Amendment) Regulations 2011
The Marine Works (Environmental Impact Assessment) (Amendment) Regulations 2011
The Marine Licensing (Exempted Activities) Order 2011
The Marine and Coastal Access Act 2009 (Commencement No.5, Consequential and Transitional Provisions) Order 2011(1)
The Pigs (Records, Identification and Movement) Order 2011
The Waste and Emissions Trading Act 2003 (Amendment) Regulations 2011
DEFRA introduced the following regulations in 2012 as a result of EU legislation:
The Ecodesign for Energy-Related Products and Energy Information (Amendment) Regulations 2012(1)
The Agriculture, Animals, Environment and Food etc. (Miscellaneous Amendments) Order 2012(1)
The INSPIRE (Amendment) Regulations 2012(1)
The Veterinary Medicines (Amendment) Regulations 2012(1)
The Common Agricultural Policy Single Payment and Support Schemes (Amendment) Regulations 2012(1)
The Uplands Transitional Payment Regulations 2012(1)
The Zootechnical Standards (England) Regulations 2012
The Bluetongue (Amendment) Regulations 2012(1)
The Plant Health (Miscellaneous Amendments) (England) Regulations 2012(1)
The Seed Marketing (Amendment) Regulations 2012(1)
The Volatile Organic Compounds in Paints, Varnishes and Vehicle Refinishing Products Regulations 2012
The Smoke Control Areas (Authorised Fuels) (England) (No. 2) Regulations 2012(1)
The Plant Health (Fees) (England) Regulations 2012
The Quality Standards for Green Bananas (England and Wales) Regulations 2012(1)
The Agricultural Holdings (Units of Production) (England) Regulations 2012(1)
The Plant Health (Import Inspection Fees) (England) (Amendment) Regulations 2012(1)
The Marine and Coastal Access Act 2009 (Transitional Provisions) 2012(1)
The Fishing Boats (Satellite-Tracking Devices and Electronic Reporting) (England) Scheme 2012(1)
The Environmental Permitting (England and Wales) (Amendment) Regulations 2012
The Forest Law Enforcement, Governance and Trade Regulations 2012
The Controlled Waste (England and Wales) Regulations 2012
The Scallop Fishing (England) Order 2012
The Plant Protection Products (Sustainable Use) Regulations 2012
The Plant Health (Forestry) (Amendment) Order 2012(1)
The Producer Responsibility Obligations (Packaging Waste) (Amendment) Regulations 2012
The Welfare of Animals (Slaughter or Killing) (Amendment) (England) Regulations 2012
The Contaminated Land (England) (Amendment) Regulations 2012
The Plant Health (England) (Amendment) Order 2012(1)
The Offshore Marine Conservation (Natural Habitats, &c.) (Amendment) Regulations 2012
DEFRA does not capture estimated costs to the public purse of new regulations but does capture estimated costs to business. These are set out in individual impact assessments which can be found on the Better Regulation Executive’s Impact Assessment Library:
http://www.ialibrary.bis.gov.uk/links/
Details of forthcoming Government regulations on business are published every six months in Statements of New Regulation. The most recent statement was published on 17 December and details new regulations expected over the period 1 January to 30 June 2013, including those to be introduced as a result of EU legislation. This Fifth Statement can be found on GOV.UK at:
https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/bis-fifth-statement-of-new-regulation-regulations-covering-january-to-june-2013
(1) There are no associated impact assessments for this legislation because the legislation was not expected to have an impact on business or civil society.
And there’s plenty more where this lot came from…
European gun buyback hype vs American Mainstreet reality
Tags: Big Government, Self Reliance, Shared Helplessness, Useful Idiots
The gun buyback scheme in Los Angeles has received international attention in the wake of the Newtown shootings.
While one can identify with the sentiment and the ideal, particularly following the massacre of schoolchildren in Connecticut, the organisers are howling at the moon if they think the criminal fraternity who use guns and cause law abiding people to own them for self protections, is going to hand over its weapons in return for a few hundred dollars.
The queues of largely hard up gun owners seeking a quick handout of Ralph’s vouchers have already demonstrated the exercise is futile. As a snippet in the LA Times makes clear:
“That young guy shot up all the kids and they blamed the mama because the mama had the weapons in the house,” Valerie Butler said, in explaining why she was waiting in line two hours in South Los Angeles to get rid of an old handgun.
Yet Butler, 50, said she was not getting rid of both of her guns.
“Just one,” she said, and laughed. “There’s a bunch of nuts out here, and they’re coming in when you’re sleeping. You got to protect yourself.”
For all the hype little will change. And as Ms Butler’s comments prove, it’s mainly the law abiding and financially struggling desperate for sme vouchers who are reducing the number of weapons they hold, not those who most frequently use weapons as part of gang and drug activity and are responsible for the vast majority of homicides and gun related crimes. There is no seachange here. These amnesties and buybacks have happened before and shootings have still happened.
The enfeebling and spiteful condition of learned or shared helplessness that permeates much of Europe, which for ideological reasons is the desired state among a number of people in the US, is being rejected by a majority of Americans outside the virtuous circle of metropolitan do-gooders whose default position is to demand a ban for anything that falls outside their approved list of acceptable items.
While anti gun sentiment is being whipped up by the usual ‘liberal’ statist authoritarian bansturbators at The Independent, on Mainstreet USA the sentiment, driven by reality, is very different. As that paper itself added – typically hidden right at the very end of its article – more in frustration and disdain than surprise:
A Gallup poll published yesterday found a record 74 per cent now support the right to own a handgun. Even in liberal LA, the amnesty met opposition. According to the press agency AFP, a poster displayed near a second buy-back location in Van Nuys read: “Get $$ for your gun… We buy your gun to donate it to a woman in danger. An armed woman will not be a victim.”
It’s a message that resonates in mainstream America. Without effective forms of self defence a woman, or anyone else for that matter, is forced to depend on state provided protection – a protection that is all too often far too little delivered far too late and which increasingly seeks to excuse rather than punish offenders.
The shared helplessness concept is not just an evil method employed by the state to guarantee it has the sole ability to use force and thus control its supposed masters, it is failing to appeal to the self reliant majority of the US population. It seems, for now, set to remain the preserve of decaying socialist entities, such as European states caught in the anti-democratic EU web.
Shameless opportunists are seizing upon the murder of innocents to advance their ideological objectives
Tags: Big Government, Individual Responsibility, Opportunism, Personal Freedom, Self Reliance
Following the tragedy in Newtown, Connecticut, the loudest voices have, predictably, belonged to those with a gun control agenda.
In all the column inches that have been written, only a tiny percentage have tried to focus on what prompted Adam Lanza to murder his mother, then go to the school where she had taught and murder as many of her colleagues and pupils as he could, before killing himself. Much more of what has been written has been about gun control.
Surely it is more important and valuable to explore the significant mental health problems experienced by Lanza and how these were being dealt with.
It is essential to understand what exactly happened prior to the mass murder, where reports have suggested there had been an altercation at the school involving Lanza. That incident and what either happened after it, or what interventions should have happened, are far more pertinent to this tragedy than the availability of guns. But instead of focussing on an analysis of the risks caused by Lanza in his prevailing mental state and how these could and should have been mitigated, the anti-gun lobby is focussing attention purely on the risks of the availability of guns and how these risks must be removed by taking away the guns. And the media is providing them with acres of copy to do that without any balancing argument.
So it was pleasing to see a more level headed analysis of the politics of risk is provided by Charles Crawford today at The Commentator. While the focus is on one narrow element of the whole terrible incident in Newtown, Crawford reminds us about other issues this raises, and references comments about the morally corrupt encouragement of learned helplessness, which were made by Jeffrey Goldberg at The Atlantic. Crawford’s piece prompted the following comment from me:
Worse than the kneejerk reaction we are seeing from some in the US – cheerled from parts of the commentariat on this side of the Atlantic – are the opportunist efforts of those whose political ideology esposes learned helplessness in order to restrict self reliance and individual responsibility and press for conformity to the structures they and their ilk have put in place. We need the kind of reasoned responses you have written to try and hold back the statist tide.
The usual argument in response to such challenges is for the anti-gun lobby to declare that without the guns he used Lanza could not have killed as many people as he did. Their argument therefore boils down to nothing more than a simple matter of scale, while doggedly avoiding any focus on what led to the attack and how that could or should have been tackled.
The difficult point that needs to be accepted is that Lanza could have still killed many people with knives or other weapons. Being as fiercely intelligent as he reportedly was he could have even chosen to rig an explosive device. Timothy McVeigh killed 168 people and injured over 800 and didn’t use a firearm. But there is little in legislating against those things beyond what has already been done that extends the government-preferred condition of learned helplessness – something that has infested western Europe – and which increases the power of the state over the people as they are forcibly made dependent on the often ineffective state sanctioned provision for their protection.
Having a disarmed population suits the establishment and ensures they have their desired monopoly on use of force. But it doesn’t tend to work out well for ordinary people who try to tackle criminals and assailants but are denied the right to participate in their own defence.
Nevertheless there is a shameless opportunism at play, where the use of guns in the murder of innocents is being used as a reason to advance an ideological objective that is alien to the American cultural norm of self reliance and personal freedom; and used as a reason to maintain the learned helplessness in the UK we should be throwing off. When will there be a focus on that story?
Afterthought: Think back to 1994 and the genocide in Rwanda where around 800,000 civilians died at the hands of government-backed militias. The vast majority of the killings were carried out with machetes, not guns. The international community stood by. Some allege some international actors assisted the slaugher. The UN troops in the country witnessed the slaughter at first hand, but were barred from intervening and preserving life.
This was one of the most graphic and extreme examples of learned helplessness in action, shaped by the rules handed down by the political class. The fact is the slaughter only ended when a rebel force, armed with guns, fought their way across the country and forced the militias to flee. One can’t help but think things would have been very different if the Tutsi population had been able to protect themselves.
Important question – If this is such a problem for Cameron, why isn’t this a problem too?
Tags: Big Government, David Cameron, Energy, Feed In Tariffs, Hypocrisy, Moral Relativism, Our Tax £s, Rip Off Britain
On Friday night the Telegraph ran a story about David Cameron’s comments to a group of factory workers in Wales, about food prices being increased to subsidise cheaper alcohol, explaining:
The Prime Minister claimed that “a family with a reasonable drinking habit” was “actually subsidising the binge drinker” because supermarkets were increasing the price of food to fund cuts in the cost of wine, beer and cider.
Tim Worstall challenges this by asking, ‘Even if it’s true, so what?‘ But there is a much more important question that should be asked. If that increase in cost, to subsidise a real terms benefit to a minority of people who don’t need it at the expense of the majority, is such a problem for Cameron then why aren’t we reading something like the following in the papers…?
The Prime Minister claimed that “a family with reasonable energy consumption” was “actually subsidising super wealthy landowners and profitable renewables companies” because energy providers were increasing the price of electricity and gas to fund excessive tariffs that are paid for energy which is generated by wind and solar power.
If it is so outrageous and unacceptable for binge drinkers to benefit from food price subsidies footed by responsible ordinary consumers, why isn’t it equally outrageous and unacceptable that a small cabal of opportunist subdidy farmers benefit from artificially high tariffs for energy, also footed by responsible ordinary consumers? If he feels so minded to have a cause, then why isn’t Cameron focussing on something almost identical that costs families significantly more money each year?
Perhaps the problem is that Cameron is a stinking hypocrite who not only exhibits the worst kind of moral equivalence but is also in thrall to environmental lobbyists; not to mention a band of influential wealthy people who play host to lucrative wind turbines while gifting money to fund his rapidly shrinking party.
The dead hand of the State intruding on freedom of religious belief
Tags: Big Government, Liberty, Religion
Where on earth (for it’s not from heaven) does this government get its inspiration for this kind of policy making on the hoof?
The Church of England and Church in Wales will be banned in law from offering same-sex marriages, the government has announced.
What next? Regulating the size and ingredients of communion wafers? Setting a maximum alcohol by volume percentage for altar wine? How about the pews? Will there be legislation to ban churches from having kneeling cushion padding thinner than an inch?
The State has no business interfering in matters of religious conscience in this way. Being somewhat libertarian I go with the concept of people and organisations being allowed to do as they see fit, providing it does not cause harm to the well-being of others. If a church wishes to sanction same sex marriage, that is a matter for them. If a church opposes same sex marriage, that too is a matter for them.
A potential can of worms involving EU law, which the government is hoping to avoid by specifically banning the CofE from conducting same sex marriages, is only looming on the horizon because government would not leave alone something it had no business involving itself with in the first place.
When a government starts legislating in matters such as this in such a way, regardless if they think they have people’s best interests at heart, it is demonstrating it is far over reaching itself and has too much power. That should be a concern for us all.
Freedom is not something that can be granted to us from an office, it is ours by right. When a government confers freedoms and rights on us, it is showing we are not free at all because it can just as easily take away anything it has given. The CofE may be the established church in this country, but nevertheless it should be free of political interference and diktat. Cameron & Co are showing it is not.
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Home » 9 Ways On How To Get The Most From This New Toyota Supra | new toyota supra
9 Ways On How To Get The Most From This New Toyota Supra | new toyota supra
The new Toyota Supra is set to take on the automotive industry with its stylish, technologically advanced design. The future Toyota Supra is based on the new Toyota FT-1 concept vehicle seen at last year's Geneva Motor Show and promises to be the next big star at this year's Montreal Auto Show. The Toyota Supra will also be introduced at the Frankfurt Motor Show in June of this year. The company has been busy with a whole host of concept cars over the past few months, and it will be interesting to see if they can top themselves at the Montreal auto show.
When you are looking at a new Toyota Supra, it is important to look at the styling of the new car. The first thing that will strike you about the new Toyota Supra is the overall shape of the new vehicle. The front end of the new car will feature a very long, sleek, and aggressive shape that is sure to wow anyone who sees the new Toyota Supra.
As far as the rear end of the new Toyota Supra, it is likely to be a very unique design. If you look at the last Toyota Supra and you can see some similarities between it and the new car, then you will understand why the designers are going with a very unique rear end for the new car. The rear of the new car features a deep V shape that is sure to be one of the most attractive shapes in the entire car. Another thing that you should notice about the rear of the new car is how the headlights are positioned right where you can clearly view the lights.
The roof line on the Toyota Supra will have a different look as well. You will find that the roof lines on the Toyota Supra will be wider than ever before. The roof line on the Toyota Supra is also sure to feature the new Toyota logo on it, which will help promote the new car even further.
The bodywork on the new Toyota Supra is sure to be very modern looking. The body work will feature a modern and sleek look that is sure to give you the impression that the car is ready to go. When you look at the new Toyota Supra you will notice a very sleek design on the bodywork looks like it is made out of carbon fiber.
The interior on the new Toyota Supra will be very different as well. The new Toyota Supra will be using a number of the latest technologies to create a very contemporary interior design that is sure to impress. The new Toyota Supra will have some of the most innovative and futuristic features on the market today.
The interior of the new Toyota Supra will also have some of the most innovative features that have been installed in modern day vehicles. The interior will also use some of the latest technologies to help to make the interior more efficient and comfortable. The new Toyota Supra will use the latest technology to help to create some of the most advanced features that are sure to blow everyone away with their design.
The interior of the new Toyota Supra will also come with some of the best technology. The new Toyota Supra is sure to come equipped with the newest and most up to date technologies available today. This includes the latest navigation systems to help to make driving on the road much easier for all drivers. The navigation system will also use the latest computerized mapping to help keep the driver informed of the roads that are being driven past and to help the driver get around easier.
You can expect the interior of the new Toyota Supra to come with some of the best and newest sound system. The interior of the new Toyota Supra is sure to feature some of the most sophisticated and advanced sound system available on any vehicle today.
When you are looking at the new Toyota Supra you will be sure to notice some of the best interior technology and most modern designs that are available in the industry today. The interior design on the new Toyota Supra is sure to be one of the most advanced and futuristic that has ever been used in any vehicle today.
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ASP.NET Customer Service Software
ASP.NET customer service software, bug & issue tracking, and customer communities.
If you're looking for easy-to-use asp.net customer service software, you've come to the right place.
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Your customers are important to you, naturally. You're there for them by phone but they want to be able to get answers on their own, on your website, without bothering with the phone each time. What you want is an online community where your customers can interact with each other and you, to create tighter bonds, socially.
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For the ultimate in social customer support, set up a private space for each of your customers.
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Integrate with anything and everything.
Once you've connected people to each other and the information they need, the next logical step is to connect people to information and updates from your other applications as well.
This might be with such simple connections as links to other systems, Active Directory integration and single sign-on (SSO). Or more sophisticated integrations that bring systems into the Communifire user interface, delivering news from other websites into users activity streams, notifications, and spaces, while adding Communifire's social functionality (comments, likes, ratings) to "apps" from your other systems.
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Communifire is an ASP.NET customer service framework. It has incredible power to change how you support your customers immediately while offering incredible flexibility to solve countless other challenges in a single solution.
Go far beyond changing the logo and choosing between a variety of templates. With a basic understanding of CSS you can dramatically change the look and feel of your intranet to create a seamless interface with your other websites — or simply to provide a unique user experience.
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Support your community by keeping track of questions, providing IT support, or handling customer support tickets.
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A complete enterprise level wiki platform. Collaborate on living documents, publish them to your knowledge base to provide self-service support.
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» Research » Research stories » Simon Williams
Simon Williams
Research background
I completed my PhD from Flinders University in late 2009, where I developed protein expression and biochemistry approaches to characterise the activation mechanisms of plant disease resistance proteins. I subsequently moved to the University of Queensland, where I focused on using structural biology approaches to understand the interactions between plants and pathogenic microbes at a structural level. I spent ~6 years at UQ and was involved in some really exciting work in the plant-microbe interaction field, detailing some of the first protein structures of plant disease resistance proteins. In late 2015, I was awarded an ARC DECRA fellowship and joined the plant-microbe interaction theme in Plant Sciences, RSB in 2016.
I consider myself a Plant Structural Immunologist. I use protein biochemistry and structural biology approaches to understand how plant pathogens cause disease and how the plant immune system prevents infection. I really want my research career to maintain a plant focus. This is likely a result of my background. I was raised on a dairy farm and I still have strong connections to farming and rural communities. I believe that the biggest impact one can have on human health is by studying plants and developing new technologies in agriculture. My current fellowship work aims to understand how fungal necrotrophic pathogens of wheat cause disease. Recently, we have solved some novel protein structures from both the fungus and the plant and these are directing our studies in wheat.
What do you enjoy most about research?
As a structural biologist we seek to understand what proteins look like, with the premise that this information will inform function. In much of my work we have no clues of the proteins function from the protein sequence. Subsequently, when you resolve an unknown structure that has not been seen before it is a really exciting moment! The challenge is to link the structural information to biological function and that often involves collaborations. I’ve been fortunate to work with people from all over the world with different research expertise and cultural backgrounds. These collaborations not only help you answer more interesting and important biological questions they also allow you to grow as a person through the people you meet and work with.
This profile originally appeared in the RSB newsletter, Issue 97, May 2018
Plant-microbe interactions
Killer wheat disease spreads without sex »
Owen Atkin announced 2019 Entrepreneurial Fellow »
Sam Periyannan »
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Crime & mystery fiction
Strangers at the Gate
Catriona McPherson (author)
Paperback (05 Mar 2020)
10+ copies available online - Usually dispatched within 7 days
Other formats/editions
Paperback (05 Sep 2019) - Export ed $20.46 $11.44
Hardback (22 Oct 2019) - First US edition $28.00 $23.55
Who do you turn to, when everyone's a stranger and you stop believing what your own eyes see?
Finnie Doyle and Paddy Lamb are leaving city life in Edinburgh behind them and moving to the little town of Simmerton. Paddy has landed a partnership in a local solicitors and Finnie's snagged a job as a church deacon. Their rented cottage is quaint; their new colleagues are charming, and they can't believe their luck.
But witnessing the bloody aftermath of a brutal murder changes everything. They've each been keeping secrets about their pasts. And they both know their precious new start won't survive a scandal. Together, for the best of reasons, they make the worst decision of their lives.
And that's only the beginning. The deep, deep valley where Simmerton sits is unlike anywhere Finn and Paddy have been before. They are not the only ones hiding in its shadow and very soon they've lost control of the game they decided to play...
Praise for Catriona McPherson:
'An unnerving and suspenseful novel' Karin Slaughter
'Just the right mixture of spookiness and mystery' James Oswald
'A gripping thriller' Ian Rankin
'A Gothic feast of a novel, this is a country house book with a difference: contemporary, punchy and disturbing, but using the tricks and twists of the best of Christie' Ann Cleeves
'Go To My Grave is both a classic 'country house mystery' and a thriller. Atmospheric, with mind-bending twists, a narrator who may or may not be reliable, and an ending that will take your breath away and leave you astonished' Louise Penny
' . . . drew me in from the very first page, and I stayed up late reading it because I couldn't wait to find out what happened next. That's the definition of a good book' Charlaine Harris, #1 New York Times bestselling author
'A tale that shivers with suspense' The New York Times
Recently acquired by Little, Brown Book Group, Constable publishes a diverse range of bestselling fiction and non-fiction titles. Notable is Constable?s superb crime list, with MC Beaton at the forefront of the beloved ?cosy crime? genre with her bestselling Hamish McBeth and Agatha Raisin series. Constable also boasts a strong non-fiction section, publishing the likes of HRH Princess Michael of Kent and bestselling parody We?re Going on a Bar Hunt.
Publisher: Little, Brown
Imprint: Constable
Devil, Darling, Spy
Matt Killeen (author)
Richard Osman (author)
Death in the East
Abir Mukherjee (auth...
The Krull House
Georges Simenon, How...
A Surprise for Christmas
Martin Edwards (edit...
The Boy from the Woods
Harlan Coben (author)
Murder Most Festive
Ada Moncrieff (author)
Nicola Upson (author)
This Poison Will Remain
Fred Vargas, Sian Re...
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Tech and news
Phil Foden, the Englishman who could become one of the greats of Spain
by 4dm1n | Dec 29, 2020 | Blog, Sin categoría
In England there are many Elite players who play between big teams like Manchester United, Liverpool, Tottenham, Chelsea among others. But this time there is a player who has been attracting attention lately in the media and he is among the Manchester City squad. One...
Arturo Vidal and his critical moment in football
Chilean Arturo Vidal, who has played for multiple elite teams in Europe, has not had the best perform in recent seasons compared to how fans and coaches used to see him in the past. And it is that Arturo Vidal began his brilliant career when he was a member of...
HOW WOMEN’S FOOTBALL HAS GAINED POPULARITY AND IMPORTANCE AND ITS CAREER.
by 4dm1n | Dec 27, 2020 | Blog
The women in the past centuries Over the years the role and participation of women in many fields has been limited due to the social and cultural difference from ancient times that has given women a secondary role in the history of the human being, however, In the...
FOOTBALL IN TIMES OF PANDEMIC
A scenario that occurs again in the contemporary century Football soccer, one of the most popular and prestigious sports in the globe, has been greatly affected by the arrival of the coronavirus epidemic in China (or also called SARS-COV-2) at the end of December 2019...
Interesting facts from the 2018 FIFA World Cup Russia
Los mundiales de futbol siempre han sido un evento de implicaciones comerciales monumentales que atrae a fans de todos los rincones del mundo, es tan así que miles de personas viajan de un continente a otro únicamente a presenciar este evento por 1 mes. Esta...
Phil Foden, the Englishman who could become one of the greats of Spain 29 December, 2020
Arturo Vidal and his critical moment in football 29 December, 2020
HOW WOMEN’S FOOTBALL HAS GAINED POPULARITY AND IMPORTANCE AND ITS CAREER. 27 December, 2020
FOOTBALL IN TIMES OF PANDEMIC 26 December, 2020
Interesting facts from the 2018 FIFA World Cup Russia 19 December, 2020
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Yes Bank FPO sails through successfully
Private lenders, Follow-On Public Offer (FPO) managed to raise Rs 14,267 crore against its target of Rs 15,000 crore. The unsubscribed portion will be filled in by SBI Capital Markets.
The newly reconstructed Yes Bank has managed to conclude it’s follow-on public offer (FPO) of Rs 15,000 crore.
The private lender managed to raise Rs 14,267 crore in-spite of a not so positive response from the retail investors. However the shortfall or the unsubscribed portion of the FPO will be allotted to SBI Capital Markets.
SBI Capital Markets had agreed to underwrite Rs 3000 crore worth of shares for a price which is equal to the lower end of the price band of the FPO.
Institutional Investors, Anchor investors contributed over Rs 10,000 crore, retail investors invested Rs 2,420 crore while HNIs invested Rs 1,400 crore and employees contributed Rs 65 crore.
The capital raised will keep the bank afloat to maintain regulatory requirements and portion of growth capital. The management of the bank had said it is embarking on a cost-saving exercise by implementing hiring freeze, rationalising office space.
yes bank fpo
sbi capital markets
anchor investor
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Home 2020 Elections New Virginia Poll: Biden +5 Among Likely Voters, +8 Among “Most Enthusiastic...
New Virginia Poll: Biden +5 Among Likely Voters, +8 Among “Most Enthusiastic Likely Voters”; Warner +13 Among Likely Voters
Also, support for Amendment 1 is at just 48%, down sharply from 72% at the start of 2020.
lowkell
To date, polls of Virginia this cycle have indicated big leads for Joe Biden and Mark Warner, with a recent VCU poll finding “Democrats Joe Biden and Mark Warner…ahead of their opponents by double-digit margins” – Biden by 14 points (53%-39%) and Warner by 17 points (55%-38%).” And, according to The Economist model, it’s looking good both for president (predicted Biden 55.2%-Trump 44.8%) and US Senate (predicted Mark Warner 59%-Daniel Gade 41%). With that background, here are the results from a new Wason Center poll out this morning, with my thoughts after each bullet point in bold and blue.
“Democrat Joe Biden leads Republican Donald Trump by 5 points, 48%-43%, among likely Virginia voters. Among the most enthusiastic likely voters, Biden’s lead grows to 8 points, 51%-43%.” (Given all the other polling, and that Democrats are super-enthusiastic, I think 8 points makes the most sense here. Also, 5 points doesn’t seem right, given that Virginia’s only gotten “bluer” since 2016, when Clinton won the state by 5 points.)
“In the U.S. Senate race, Democrat Mark Warner leads Republican Daniel Gade by 13 points among likely Virginia voters, 52%-39%. Warner’s lead drops to 11 points among the most enthusiastic likely voters, 52%-41%.” (Sure, somewhere in the 11-13 point range is possible, although I’m guessing Warner will win by a bigger margin than that.)
“Biden’s lead over Trump is built on a 6-point enthusiasm advantage among Democratic voters over Republican voters. Biden also has a 27-point advantage over Trump among women in the most enthusiastic voters, and holds Trump to a draw among voters 45 and older.” (As previously noted, Dems are fired up; also, not surprisingly, a big “gender gap”)
“Voters strongly support the proposed constitutional amendment to establish a redistricting commission, 48%-28%, with support across all demographic groups. Despite opposition by the state Democratic Party, 64% of likely Democratic voters support the amendment. Republicans oppose it, 42%-32%.” (This is not at all what I expected, which would have been Republicans overwhelmingly supporting the amendment and Dems more evenly split. Also, just 48% support the amendment? That’s wayyyy down from 72% support at the start of 2020 and 65% support in April. The more people learn about this thing, the less they like it?)
“Voters strongly disapprove of the direction of the country is heading, 76%-16%, with 56% disapproving of the job Donald Trump is doing as president. While 47% disapprove of the direction the Commonwealth is going, Governor Ralph
Northam’s approval rating is steady at 53%.” (Nothing surprising here, except that with a pathetic 56% disapproval rating, I’d expect that Trump would lose Virginia by around 12 points or so, not the 5-8 points this latest poll is claiming.)
Wason Center
Previous articleVideo: Sen. Mark Warner (D) Debates Republican Opponent Daniel Gade at 7 pm on NBC
Next articleThursday News: “Trump’s threats and actions bring America to the brink”; “This Isn’t Justice” In Breonna Taylor Case; “Nearly 500 former senior military, civilian leaders sign letter backing Biden”; “Early Voting Hits Record Numbers in Virginia”
Video: Sen. Mark Warner Says “I remember sitting four years when he gave one of the darkest inauguration speeches in American history…mean-spirited, no willingness...
Abigail Spanberger
Video – Rep. Spanberger Statement on Inauguration of President Joe Biden: “Today is a Moment of Optimism”
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Understanding, beliefs and perspectives of Aboriginal people in Western Australia about cancer and its impact on access to cancer services
Shaouli Shahid1,
Lizzie Finn1,
Dawn Bessarab1 &
Sandra C Thompson1
BMC Health Services Research volume 9, Article number: 132 (2009) Cite this article
43k Accesses
Despite a lower overall incidence, Aboriginal Australians experience poorer outcomes from cancer compared with the non-Aboriginal population as manifested by higher mortality and lower 5-year survival rates. Lower participation in screening, later diagnosis of cancer, poor continuity of care, and poorer compliance with treatment are known factors contributing to this poor outcome. Nevertheless, many deficits remain in understanding the underlying reasons, with the recommendation of further exploration of Aboriginal beliefs and perceptions of cancer to help understand their care-seeking behavior. This could assist with planning and delivery of more effective interventions and better services for the Aboriginal population. This research explored Western Australian (WA) Aboriginal peoples' perceptions, beliefs and understanding of cancer.
A total of 37 Aboriginal people from various geographical areas within WA with a direct or indirect experience of cancer were interviewed between March 2006 and September 2007. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and coded independently by two researchers. NVivo7 software was used to assist data management and analysis. A social constructionist framework provided a theoretical basis for analysis. Interpretation occurred within the research team with member checking and the involvement of an Aboriginal Reference Group assisting with ensuring validity and reliability.
Outcomes indicated that misunderstanding, fear of death, fatalism, shame, preference for traditional healing, beliefs such as cancer is contagious and other spiritual issues affected their decisions around accessing services. These findings provide important information for health providers who are involved in cancer-related service delivery.
These underlying beliefs must be specifically addressed to develop appropriate educational, screening and treatment approaches including models of care and support that facilitate better engagement of Indigenous people. Models of care and support that are more culturally-friendly, where health professionals take account of both Indigenous and Western beliefs about health and the relationship between these, and which engage and include Indigenous people need to be developed. Cultural security, removing system barriers and technical/scientific excellence are all important to ensure Indigenous people utilise healthcare to realise the benefits of modern cancer treatments.
A series of reviews recently highlighted differences in the epidemiology and the poorer outcomes of cancer in Indigenous people in Africa, Polynesia and Australia [1–4]. Given the complexity, expense and technology involved in modern cancer treatment, such disparities in cancer outcomes are unsurprising in the developing world. However, in Australia and New Zealand, the differences in cancer survival for Indigenous compared to the non-Indigenous populations warrants further investigation as these countries have well developed health systems offering universal healthcare for their citizens. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders are the original inhabitants of Australia, and often referred to as Indigenous Australians. In this paper, the term Indigenous has been used to refer to first nation or the original inhabitants prior to colonisation in different countries including Australia. However, Aboriginal is the term preferred by vast majority Indigenous people of WA and is used for study participants.
Indigenous Australians have a lower incidence of cancer overall than the non-Indigenous population[3, 5] although the epidemiology differs and includes higher rates of cancers with a poor prognosis. The improvement of around 20% in cancer survival in Australia over the last twenty years[6] has not been shared by Indigenous survival figures, with Indigenous Australians 2.5 times more likely to die within five years of cancer diagnosis[7]. The factors underlying these poorer outcomes include health and social disadvantage, health risk behaviours, lower participation in screening programs, later diagnosis of cancer, lower uptake and poorer compliance with treatment and poorer continuity of care[3, 8–11]. While the relationship between knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and behaviours is complex, most theories of behaviour acknowledge that beliefs and attitudes have also an important influence upon an individual's decision to access healthcare.
Health, health practices and care-seeking behaviour are culturally bound[12]. Culture is enmeshed in historical, social, economic and political relationships and processes[13] and influences the ways that people understand cancer which, in turn, affects their decision-making around care-seeking and accessing of services [14–18]. Beliefs such as 'talking about something can cause it to happen',[18] screening is unnecessary in the absence of symptoms; relating cancer with black magic; and religious beliefs about destiny have been found to impede early detection and treatment[12, 19, 20].
The system of health care provision often fails to meet the needs of vulnerable groups. In Australia, Indigenous people are particularly at risk because, on a range of health and social indicators, they are the most marginalised of any identifiable group. While individual disadvantage is not unique to Indigenous people, it is the coalescence of markers of disadvantage and the resulting health outcomes that make understanding Indigenous beliefs particularly important. Cunningham et al recommended that messages from qualitative studies exploring the views and understanding Indigenous people with cancer must be taken into account[3].
Considerable differences exist in the perception and definition of health, healthy living, wellbeing, illness, and the meaning of disease and death between Indigenous Australians and the dominant Anglo-Australian society [21–23]. Few attempts have been made to systematically explore Indigenous views about cancer[24]. This paper reports the first comprehensive Australian study of Aboriginal beliefs about cancer.
The research adhered to guidelines for ethical conduct of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health research[25], and was approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC) of Curtin University, the Western Australian Aboriginal Health Information and Ethics Committee, and the ethics committees of the Royal Perth and Sir Charles Gairdner Hospitals. Approval was also obtained from local Aboriginal Health Services. Efforts were made throughout to conduct the study in ways that would build capacity and help equalize power between Aboriginal participants and researchers[26, 27]. An Aboriginal Reference Group (ARG) provided input throughout.
This was a qualitative study in which the 'meaning of cancer' was explored among Aboriginal people in WA. Participants were Aboriginal males and females who were cancer patients/survivors (n = 14), family members of people with or who had died from cancer (n = 16) and health service providers (n = 7) (Table 1). All spoke English and in-depth interviews between March 2006 and September 2007 explored participants' beliefs and how they felt about and made sense of cancer. A semi-structured interview schedule guided the interviews, with participants encouraged to introduce topics of importance to them. Data collection continued until there was repetition of themes.
Table 1 Characteristics of study participants
The social constructionist framework which emphasizes the complex development and interaction between knowledge, meaning, interpretation and power in the constitution of belief systems[28] assisted understanding in how the cultural meaning of cancer impacted upon participants' care-seeking behaviour. Social constructionists hold assumptions that individuals develop subjective meanings of their experiences that are guided, to some extent, by their beliefs and understanding which are constructed and negotiated socially and historically[29].
QSR NVivo7 software was used to manage data and support analysis. Thematic analysis of participants' transcribed interviews involved open coding independently by two researchers. Participants' responses were broken down into distinct units of meaning, or codes. Member checking was used to clarify whether emerging themes were an accurate reflection of the participants' experiences. The axial coding stage involved continuous comparisons of codes with one another to discover links between the categories[30], with related categories combined and compared to new data, arranged and rearranged to identify the key themes. To maximize reflexivity and rigour, all stages were discussed within the research team for verification and clarification of emerging themes[31]. Interpretation was assisted by consultation with ARG members and through presentations and feedback at various Aboriginal group meetings.
A range of beliefs were reported, some by most participants while others occurred less commonly. Beliefs foreign to the western scientific paradigm were just as likely to be expressed by urban and educated residents, including those who had worked within mainstream health settings. In reporting, emphasis is given to findings at odds with western medicine or experiences common to many participants.
Perspectives and understanding of cancer
Spirituality and cancer
Some participants associated cancer with the spiritual world of curses, a form of punishment resulting from some misdeed the person had done in the past. Blaming others or a particular life experience as a cause of sickness is widespread within Aboriginal communities where spirituality exerts a powerful influence upon the notion of wellbeing[32, 33]. Such attribution of cancer to spiritual causes can lead to fatalism, acceptance of the disease without question and not seeking help for it – "Aboriginal people have this notion of being sung... it's basically a bad magic put on somebody." As a consequence of such beliefs, people may feel ashamed about their "wrong-doing" and hide their symptoms from others, delaying diagnosis or not pursuing treatment [6]. As stated by one family member:
"...it was almost like you deserved it or there was definitely this sense of shame. It was whispered. If someone died of a heart attack you would say that, but... all this cancer stuff was a whispered sort of stuff."
Relating cancer to spiritual causes is a pre-Enlightenment phenomenon and continues in Indigenous people elsewhere[19, 34] and in other cultures[18, 35]. It can often work as a coping mechanism to help overcome loss. One participant who had trained as a nurse in telling the story of her daughter's death from cancer talked of her daughter embodying her grandmother's spirit, being sent to explore her grandmother's country and ancestors. The daughter's death was accepted as inevitable, an outcome whispered to her by her mother's spirit long before her daughter's death.
Fatalism and cancer as a death sentence
Participants expressed deep fear and fatalistic expectations about cancer: 'cancer equals death'. This belief was considered as a major factor explaining why people ignore early symptoms and do not access treatment even after medical diagnosis.
"... they are just scared, because at the very end they know they are going to die. As soon as they hear the word cancer they are scared. Cancer is a scary word in the Aboriginal communities."
Fear of cancer is universal, yet attitudes have changed in most developed countries where messages emphasizing early detection and cure are publicised. Traditional attitudes towards cancer involving hopelessness and death have been replaced by a culture of hope [16], and the belief that cancer is incurable has been largely overcome[36]. However, the pessimistic attitudes towards cancer in this study reinforce similar findings in other Indigenous peoples[19, 34, 37], with their unfortunate life-threatening consequences [19]. Participants considered that Indigenous interpretations of cancer as a 'death sentence' reflected the outcomes they have seen.
"It's sort of like your world crumbles. All we know about cancer is you die from cancer, not so much that cancer can be cured. You always know that as soon as you get cancer you are gone..., you are a goner".
Few members of their families and communities were seen to survive cancer:
"I saw my Mum goes through chemo and radiation... I saw my baby brother go through it. I seen my first cousin goes through it, and all my aunties all had cancer, all my mum's sisters. They have all passed away with cancer...."
Spirituality, fatalism and religion all co-existed. Eight participants said that contracting cancer was beyond the control of an individual, many believing that one was chosen by God to get it.
"I don't think that it's something you can prevent, it's just people are chosen. ... you can go and have tests every six months, and one day you could just have it and it's been there the whole time..."
Many cultures hold similar beliefs regarding destiny and God's will[18]. Such fatalistic beliefs are strongly associated with delays accessing pap smears and follow-up of abnormalities[17]. Patients with a fatalistic outlook are less likely to take steps to lower their cancer risk[38], and accept their "imminent demise and refuse potentially life-saving treatment"[16].
Passivity existed alongside fatalism, expressed as belief that nothing could prevent a person from getting cancer: "When your time's up, your time is up, and you cannot do anything about it". One participant emphasized latent internal causes – 'everybody has got cancer cells in their body, but it just takes something to spark it off'. The participant was not referring to spontaneous cell abnormalities escaping normal immune surveillance[39] but rather elaborated on "something" as anything starting from curse, bad spirit, stress and bad luck, very different from the attribution in scientific explanations. Furthermore, such views do not acknowledge health behaviors as known risk factors for cancer[2]. Some participants voiced not wanting to worry about any sickness until they faced it, wanting to continue to live the way they had despite awareness of the associated risks:
"...you shouldn't stop your life because of all these sicknesses... that's just something that happens, and you deal with it when it comes along... so until then ... just forgetting... laughing...".
Unrealistic expectations of treatment
Contradicting the view 'cancer means death' were comments that Indigenous people accessing cancer treatments often put too much faith in doctors, believing they could fix their health problem. One respondent referred to "the doctors as gods ...they are the ones that are going to fix it, the miracle-makers". This confidence existed without understanding the complexities of cancer staging, co-morbid physical conditions, treatment options and the prognosis of different types of cancer. After finishing treatment, some thought they had been cured, that the cancer had gone and they could get on with their life normally, perhaps not attending for follow-up check-ups. One cancer patient spoke about her mother who believed she was cured by a mastectomy:
"she keeps saying, 'I have no more cancer... oh they took it all now...' And I keep saying to her, 'Mum, no, it's not true. It's still in your body. Although they took your bubies off, you still got the disease. You got to be careful...."
Both cancer deaths and recurrences led to disappointment, often considered as an over-reliance or misplaced trust in doctors and western medicine. This could strengthen the distrust Indigenous people commonly feel towards western organisations including doctors and the medical system[40, 41]. Personal stories of an individual's disillusionment with the medical system spread in the community, in turn influencing the choices others make around screening, early presentation and treatment for cancer. Distrust and negative experiences in the health system have similarly adversely impacted cancer care-seeking of other minorities[42].
Cancer is contagious
While not universal, some Aboriginal people believe cancer is contagious. Participants spoke about feeling isolated after diagnosis by the distancing behavior of some friends, family members and others who believed they were at risk of catching the cancer.
"There was a couple who were really scared of but there was one lady... she actually couldn't sit next to me. She sat across the room from me. She wouldn't talk to me for a long time, because she was scared...
Other studies have shown strong links between a person's beliefs about contagiousness, hiding their sickness and avoiding treatment, and feeling stigmatized or fearing being ostracized[19, 29]. Although the belief that cancer is contagious is almost non-existent among the general population in WA[36], it can persist among some people from diverse cultural backgrounds[43].
Understanding of cancer
Fatalistic beliefs and attitudes in the general population have changed as a result of scientific research, dissemination of information and education to help people understand the biological basis of cancer and modern treatment. However, the poorer educational background and socio-economic conditions of many Indigenous Australians have limited their access to information and understanding about disease. A lack of knowledge about types of cancer, symptoms, treatment options and outcomes was apparent, with some respondents having never considered what type of cancer a loved one had. Irrespective of geographic residency, respondents reported not initially recognising the cancer symptoms and delaying getting them checked. One woman had never taken the time to find out about serious illnesses and "didn't have a clue that it was the start of ...where that brown part puckering up, tightens up." The idea of self examination, of checking yourself for abnormalities that appeared to be foreign: "He asked how long I had the lumps (under my arms and neck)...I asked what lumps, I hadn't even felt any lump."
Attribution of cause for cancer was often unsophisticated:
"She thought her nose was bleeding because her husband punched her in the nose, and I don't know that she ever understood that it was anything more than that, because that was her experience was, everything was all right until he punched her in the nose and it started bleeding."
Close family members were often unsure about what was happening to relatives and felt they could have helped more had they been better informed or more knowledgeable. Comments such as "we didn't know what was happening" and "We didn't know that she got cancer until she died" were common. These comments reflect communication problems for Aboriginal people within health facilities, and ignorance about cancer symptoms such as weight loss, anorexia and bleeding. "I didn't relate dad's condition to cancer. I found out later when I read up about it ...it was... almost ten years after I lost my dad."
Working in health services had improved some participants' understanding and knowledge about cancer but they commented on the lack of understanding in the Indigenous community: "a lot of Indigenous people...I suppose 70 to 80 per cent, wouldn't really know properly." Another commented:
"I don't think they understand it. They don't understand about prevention. They don't understand about early detection and screening. Really, I felt that – from working there – some of their experiences or their understanding is so simple, it is very childlike."
Poor knowledge about cancer warning signs, screening and risk factors among minority populations have been reported elsewhere[17, 44, 45]. This limited understanding contributes to the many communication gaps between practitioners and patients, increasing patients' frustration with doctors and the medical system.
Perceptions of cancer screening
Understanding of cancer screening, its purpose and importance was often limited and vague. Ambivalence about participation in screening is unsurprising, particularly if there is a fatalistic view of cancer. As one health worker commented, "It's a sense that why I am doing a pap smear is to tell them they have got cancer and they are going to die from it...." Some participants believed that accessing screening would prevent cancers from occurring, with a few viewing screening as an early diagnostic tool. The discomfort and inconvenience of screening, "fear of knowing", "fear of having their breast squashed" and the "shame" of being touched by another person, were relayed as factors why Aboriginal women do not participate in screening programs. One woman referred to the shame of letting another woman touch her breasts or private parts and concern of being stigmatized as "lesbian". Prohibitions were also in place for men.
"The prostate thing with the Aboriginal men is... like I say is a 'taboo'... area. They will not go and get a simple test done by the doctor... they feel very funny about it, and so they usually leave it until the last minute, and sometimes that's just too late."
Urban versus rural/remote differences
The research explicitly proposed to examine differences in beliefs and understandings of regional compared to urban Aboriginal people who were considered likely to have more acculturation to western understandings. However, the range of views and beliefs did not map readily on the basis of geography or residence. Aboriginal people are mobile and many participants maintain connection with their homeland and culture despite living elsewhere[32, 46]. One participant commented about returning to her country:
"I just feel replenished. My soul is just ... sort of filled up again. I'm home; 'This is where I feel so good.' And it feels good in here. I might not feel healthy. I might have a cold or whatever, but inside I feel ...It just fills me up. It's like a warm bath inside..."
Bush medicine and traditional Aboriginal healing practices
Other than a few participants "never brought up that traditional way", use of bush medicines for cancer was widely reported. The Indigenous "holistic view" of life [47, 48] in which health is defined as their total wellbeing [49] was frequently iterated: "Healing is not just physical; it's mental, emotional and spiritual as well." For Indigenous people, "a positive outlook and in-look" was considered necessary to be healthy:"If you feel good inside regardless of your health, it will help you in any medical problems". The majority of cancer patients had used bush medicine either sequentially or concurrently[50] with Western medicines.
"There is something in it...that is good for your insides, just as a cleanser. Makes all your body organs healthy and strong, it gets rid of all your internal stress."
Participants also emphasized the importance of cancer being diagnosed at an early stage for bush medicine to work. Even when cure was not possible, bush medicine was used for palliation, often signifying a re-connection to land, ancestral and spiritual roots that enhanced the person's overall wellbeing.
Use of complementary and alternative medicine is high among cancer patients[51, 52]. Certain populations, including Indigenous people worldwide, have their own approaches to healing as part of their culture [50, 53]. Western health practitioners need to understand and acknowledge traditional healing and treatment approaches in order to work and communicate effectively with Indigenous patients.
Patients' beliefs influence their care-seeking behaviour for cancer-related services. Considerable literature shows that Indigenous people are often unwilling to use mainstream health services[32], and cancer services are no exception, with lower Indigenous uptake and compliance with cancer treatments. To increase Indigenous people's willingness to accept modern oncology treatments will require a different approach to engaging them in treatment, one which understands and addresses their concerns and provides more psychosocial and holistic care alongside Western medical treatment. Yet to date, understanding Indigenous psycho-social and cultural beliefs and fears about cancer and their impact on care-seeking has been largely neglected despite qualitative methodology being useful for health services research in multicultural settings[54]. The findings from this study align with the social constructionist approach [55], which considers how culture, social life, social interactions and relations shape people's beliefs and understanding about cancer which in turn influences their cancer care-seeking behaviour. This relationship is illustrated in Figure 1.
Meaning-making around cancer and its impact on care-seeking behaviour.
Beliefs, understanding and interpretation stem from shared values, social relations within and between the family and the community, past experiences, cultural identity, and values[56, 57]. Like many other cultures[18, 58], notions of 'living well', 'sickness' or 'illness' present a complex, dynamic picture in Indigenous populations. Concept of health and wellbeing range from 'absence of symptoms of illness' to a more complex and holistic view of health as the consequence of physical, environmental, mental, and spiritual balance. Lifestyle factors, a person's social relationship with others and harmony with their culture are considered interrelated influences on health[59]. Thus, there is poor compatibility between the underlying principles of the Western reductionist medical system and traditional Indigenous health beliefs[50, 59], or even those more recently socially constructed, which shape their care-seeking and willingness to engage with services. Changing community narratives by respecting Aboriginal culture, through education and improving life circumstances and trust of the health system will be important to change the constructs within which cancer beliefs are framed. Health care providers must consider, respect and respond to these needs if they are truly committed to improving Indigenous health outcomes.
The overall pessimistic attitude of Aboriginal people towards cancer as a 'killer' resonates with that of many other cultures [60, 61]. Participants' understanding that cancer can often be delayed or overcome with timely Western medical treatment was limited. They had limited access to relevant information, and the shame attributed to cancer and reluctance to talk about it meant stories of survival were not widely disseminated. Appropriately targeted education campaigns, Aboriginal cancer support services and opportunities for Aboriginal survivors of cancer to be advocates in their communities are needed.
Traditional beliefs are not simply displaced by western biomedical understanding, they can co-exist. A study of Indigenous Australian and Papua New Guinean health science students showed that the Indigenous university students conceptualized health and illness in a way which accommodated biomedical science within an integrated scheme of mental, physical and spiritual well-being[59]. Education in western health care did not alter their core philosophy towards life and their spiritual belief system. Therefore, ensuring services are culturally appropriate is important for all Indigenous people, including those with higher levels of education and living in urban areas.
Many Aboriginal people retain a preference for using bush medicine and traditional healing, even for a "western" disease like cancer. The "doctor-dependent, hospital-based, curative western health care model"[58] for treating cancer does not generally recognize, and incorporate traditional systems for healing. However, the combined use of both types of expertise can optimise the response to various health problems, including cancer.
Participants argued for cross-cultural educational initiatives where western cancer support entails an understanding, acknowledgement and acceptance of Aboriginal belief systems and that they are different to western understandings. Aboriginal people also need to understand that western understandings are different. Consideration of cultural differences is essential for health care providers to fully appreciate the impact of this disease on patients' physical and mental well-being. Mutually appreciative understanding of cultural differences is a key to encouraging Indigenous people's willingness to participate in health care to enhance early detection, develop appropriate interventions and ultimately improve cancer outcomes[62].
Paramount to cancer being curable is diagnosis at a stage before spread, when treatments are most effective. The association of cancer with death reflects the tragic reality that Indigenous people are often diagnosed with cancer at an advanced stage, and consequently die within a short period of diagnosis [5, 63, 64]. Participants commented that some people who develop symptoms consistent with cancer avoid assessment and diagnosis, preferring to hide their symptoms, again a phenomenon not restricted to Aboriginal people[65]. In this way, they avoid confronting their diagnosis and potential mortality for a period of time. This situation needs to be approached through effective education about risks, symptoms and treatments for cancer. In addition, reducing barriers in access, providing more culturally secure health service provision, increasing the visibility of Aboriginal cancer survivorship and focusing attention on the importance of early diagnosis are strategies that can enhance cancer mortality in Indigenous communities.
The study was undertaken only in Western Australia, and it may not reflect the views of Aboriginal people throughout Australia who have different cultural traditions and beliefs. Men were under-represented in our participants which may be due to the primary interviewer being female, the predominance of women among the ARG members and in the community-based health workforce, and the higher utilisation of health services by women compared to men[66, 67]. Another limitation was that participants needed to be able to speak English, and this proficiency in English would undoubtedly have some affects on acculturation and exposure to western understandings of health and illness.
Beliefs are important but are only one influence on health behaviour. The concept of cultural safety requires a change in emphasis, away from the failings of individual patients (to attend, to comply etc) to critical examination of system factors in health care delivery that may interfere with an individuals' or a collectivity's willingness to attend a health service or take up treatments that are available. In addition to clinicians needing an understanding of cultural beliefs, a focus on the practice, skills and behaviour of the health system is required so that it appropriately responds to barriers and incorporates "culture" into service delivery'[68]. Models of care and support that are more culturally-friendly, where health professionals take account of both Indigenous and Western beliefs about health and the relationship between these, and which engage and include Indigenous people need to be developed[69]. Key lessons for health practitioners are summarised in Figure 2. Only by combining cultural security with technical/scientific excellence and removing system barriers will the potential benefits of modern treatments be realised through increased willingness and ability of Indigenous people to access and participate in healthcare.
Lessons for health practitioners.
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The pre-publication history for this paper can be accessed here:http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6963/9/132/prepub
This research was originally supported by a grant from The Cancer Council of Western Australia. Shaouli Shahid is currently supported by Curtin University and the NHMRC Capacity Building Grant (ID 457279). We thank all of the participants for sharing their stories and experiences and the many health service providers that assisted the process. We acknowledge the invaluable contribution of the Aboriginal Reference Group and other investigators and colleagues for their advice: Peter Howat, Brian Bishop, Timothy Threlfall, Katie Thomas, Moyez Jiwa, John Mallard, Terry Slevin, Leanne Pilkington, Francine Eades, Dot Henry, Gwen Rakabula, Jude Comfort and Kim Worthington.
Centre for International Health, Curtin University of Technology, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia
Shaouli Shahid, Lizzie Finn, Dawn Bessarab & Sandra C Thompson
Shaouli Shahid
Lizzie Finn
Dawn Bessarab
Sandra C Thompson
Correspondence to Shaouli Shahid.
SS participated in the project's design, carried out the data collection and analysis for this project, prepared the initial draft. LF was involved in the data analysis phase and writing. DB helped interpret findings, and commented upon drafts of the manuscript. SCT coordinated the whole project, participated in the design and assisted with the conduct of the study and writing. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Shahid, S., Finn, L., Bessarab, D. et al. Understanding, beliefs and perspectives of Aboriginal people in Western Australia about cancer and its impact on access to cancer services. BMC Health Serv Res 9, 132 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6963-9-132
Human Research Ethic Committee
Fatalistic Belief
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Ultra Music Festival 2016 Returns to South Africa for another music explosion
by Bruce Ungersbock · February 17, 2016
The annual Ultra Music Festival has been giving people an excuse to party since its inaugural Festival in 1999 on the picturesque sands of Miami Beach. The past seventeen years have allowed the Ultra Music Festival to bring people hundreds of electron dance music’s most iconic DJ’s who have mesmerized audiences across the globe. The festival is coming back to South Africa in 2016 and we are here to give you all of the info and details so you can be prepared to party in 2016. If you don’t already have your Ultra South Africa tickets yet then keep reading to get the lowdown on exactly what is happening and what you can expect at Ultra South Africa 2016.
Image via Ultra South Africa
The history of the Ultra Music Festival
The ULTRA brand as we know it today was launched in South Florida by Russell Faibisch who is the Executive Producer, President and CEO of the ULTRA brand. Now the Ultra Music Festival is the only independent electronic music festival brand on the planet and have managed to bring over 165,000 music enthusiasts to the heart of the City of Miami in the form of a sold out waterfront event. This recipe was used around the world and Ultra music festivals now take place in countries like Japan, Bolivia and of course, South Africa.
This unique vision of a love for music has allowed the festival to become the world’s biggest and most successful remaining independent electronic music festival. The Ultra brand continues to bring people together with an unrivalled, ever-growing number of party locations and fans all over the globe. 2015 saw 19 countries on five contents experiencing the Ultra dance revolution.
If that wasn’t impressive enough, the ULTRA brand pioneered a live streaming experience celled ‘ULTRA LIVE’. This streaming platform broadcasts the Ultra festivals to 20 million unique viewer across the globe. Then there’s the audio broadcasting service called ‘UMF RADIO’ that broadcasts the Ultra experience to 22 million listeners in 42 countries.
History of ULTRA South Africa
The first Ultra South Africa took place in February 2014 in both Cape Town and Johannesburg. There we 40,000 people that attended the event and they were wowed by massive international EDM DJ’s like Tiësto, Nicky Romero and Afrojack. These Dj’s were supported by local acts including DJs Fresh, Euphonik and Gold Fish. In total, there were nine international and over 100 local acts in total that played across multiple stages over twelve hours in each city.
2015 saw 50,000 people attending the event and there was a different selection of local and international artists taking to the stage. It should also be noted that this festival saw some of the world’s biggest and most advanced production equipment ever used.
Ultra South Africa 2016
Ultra 2016 South Africa will take place in both Johannesburg and Cape Town. The full list of performers has been confirmed and they are as follows:
Image via Ultra South Africa Facebook Page
Skrillex, Zedd, Tiësto and Afrojack will be headlining both events. These are four of the biggest names in dance music at the moment so your ears better get ready for some insane beats. These names will be supported by EDM heavyweight Carnage, Mr. Carmack, who is playing his first ever ULTRA fest, and local heroes Goldfish and TiMO ODV. There will also be 5FM resident DJ’s and local heroes Fresh and Euphonic tearing up the decks.
Now that you have seen this amazing list of performances, don’t you think it’s time to pick up your Ultra South Africa tickets?
Ultra Johannesburg 2016
Johannesburg’s leg of Ultra South Africa 2016 will have three stages. There will be the main stage and then the Soul Candi Live Stage on the Friday, this will be transformed into the RESISTANCE® Stage on the Saturday and the 5FM Live Loud Stage.
Soul Candi is a record label that started out selling vinyl records in 2001 and have become the leading voice in South African house music. Soul Candi have helped massive artists such as Crazy White Boy, DJ Fresh and Euphonik to break into the music scene. This will be their 15th year running so you can be sure that the Soul Candi brand will pull out all the stops. The 5FM Live Loud Stage will feature 5fm’s best DJ’s and club acts during the two-day festival.
Ultra Music Festival Cape Town 2016
The Cape Town leg of Ultra South Africa 2016 will follow a similar setup to Johannesburg’s leg, but there will be two stages. There will be the main stage and then a complimentary stage that will begin as the Strange Loving stage on day one and then it will transform into the Soul Candi stage as with Johannesburg’s leg.
Strange Loving has seen a massive growth in reputation over the last few years, they have thrown some of the most amazing dance parties in South Africa, here you will find the likes of of David August, Soul Clap and Marek Hemmann mixing beats till the early morning.
Ultra South Africa tickets
Unfortunately, the early bird Ultra Fest tickets have already been sold out so if you want to experience this amazing annual event firsts hand then you had better buy your tickets as soon as possible.
Regular, Advance, VIP and VVIP tickets are now on sale for Johannesburg and Cape Town. The details are as follows:
Johannesburg details
Friday the 26th of Feb & Saturday the 27th of Feb at the Nasrec Expo Centre in Johannesburg.
GA Advance : R1250, GA Regular: R1500, VIP Advance: R2000, VIP Regular: R2500, VVIP Advance: R4000, VVIP Regular: R5000
Cape Town details
Saturday the 27th of Feb and Sunday the 28th of Feb at the West Coast Ostrich Ranch in Cape Town.
GA Advance: R1000, GA Regular: R1250, VIP Advance: R1500, VIP Regular: R2000
For real-time updates on artists, tickets and camping, please make sure that you follow ULTRA SA on Facebook (https://www.facebook.com/UltraSouthAfrica) and Twitter (https://twitter.com/ultrasa). If you haven’t done so yet then make sure to check out the stunning 2015 Official Aftermovie.
Previously the festival didn’t allow camping but Cape town Camping is now possible due to the next venue. Accommodation in Cape Town won’t be an issue as you will be able to camp at the picturesque West Coast Ostrich Ranch across the two days. For more information on camping Cape Town and to book online, head to the Heartbreak Motels website.
For accommodation in Johannesburg you will have to find a venue that is close to the festival to have an enjoyable experience. There are a number of decently prices accommodation options ranging from cheap and cheerful to all out luxury. Your pocket will decide. Here are some examples on accommodation in Johannesburg.
If you have a love for EDM and you want to get your dancing shoes on, then the Ultra Music Festival is definitely not to be missed! Remember, you can find some of the best deals on Ultra South Africa tickets on Junk Mail! Selling your Ultra Fest tickets? Place your FREE Ad on Junk Mail now!
The annual Ultra Music Festival has been giving people an excuse to party since its inaugural Festival in 1999 on the picturesque sands of Miami Beach...
Bruce Ungersbock
Bruce is an SEO guy that has his eye on the prize and traffic on his mind. A lover of good music and a connoisseur of all things awesome.
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Events in the Western Cape – October 2010
I would like to enquire about how I can apply as a vendor to sell Sno-Wonder Instant Snow at the Ultra Festival, Cape Town? It is amazing, all you need to add to a little instant sno is cold water. It will be an amazing feature under the lights and also will keep drinks etc cold for days.
Junk Mail Admin says:
Hi Janet, you will need to contact the organisers of the event directly regarding this… 🙂
Thanks, but I can’t find ANY contact details…can youplease assist me?
Thanks for your trouble:)
Have you tried contacting them through their Facebook/Twitter page?
sax says:
Crap! Mass manipulation with high sound presure levels, visual effects, lights and pirotechnics. Not really art or no personal creativity. All the whole effect is to jump up and down with the overpowering premanufactured music and synthetic atmoshere! No real art and stage performance by creative live musicisns performing. Absolute rubish, crap!
five × four =
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May 26, 2020 No Comment David Bollier read
The following essay is adapted from a talk given on May 5 at Radical May, a month-long series of events hosted by a consortium of fifty-plus book publishers, including my own publisher, New Society Publishers. My talk — streamed and later posted on YouTube here — builds on two previous blog posts.
As the pandemic continues, it is revealing just how deeply flawed our societal institutions really are. Government programs reward the affluent and punish the poor, and are often ineffectual or politically corrupted. The market/state order is so committed to promoting market growth and using centralized hierarchies to control life, that the resulting systems are fragile, clumsy, and non-resilient. And so on. It is increasingly evident that the problems we face are profoundly systemic.
After dealing with emergencies, therefore, we need to pause and think about mid-term changes in how we can redesign our economy and governance institutions. We need second responders to help emancipate ourselves from archaic, ineffective institutions and infrastructures. We must not revert to old ideological patterns of thought as if the pandemic were simply a temporary break from the normal. “Normal” is not coming back. The new normal has already arrived.
The pandemic is not just about rethinking big systems; it is also about confronting inner realities that need to change. We need to recognize and feel the suffering that is going on around us. We need to understand our interdependencies so that we can build appropriate institutions to rebuild and honor our relationships to each other. Our inner lives and external institutions need to be in better alignment.
Our years of leisurely critique of neoliberal capitalism are over. Now we need to take action to escape from its pathologies and develop new types of governance, provisioning, and social forms. Fortunately, there are many new possibilities for institutional change – in relocalization, agriculture and food, cities, digital networks, social life, and many other areas.
Why this conversation now?
There are several reasons why this conversation is needed now. First, it’s clear that the pandemic has opened up our minds. Now that the failures of existing institutions are so obvious, people are more willing to entertain alternatives that were dismissed only a few months ago. Amazingly, the Financial Times of London has actually endorsed the idea of a Universal Basic Income and wealth redistribution. Congressional Republicans have shown themselves willing to create trillions of dollars for unemployment insurance and social services, without considering it public debt. It’s been the equivalent of “quantitative easing” for people instead of banks.
All of this confirms the saying that there are no neoliberals or libertarians in a pandemic. This is not entirely true, as we’ve seen with armed militia defying state authorities so barber shops can open. But the general point remains: such ignorant defiance of scientific realities is properly seen as anti-social and wacky.
At a deeper level, the pandemic is reacquainting us moderns with something we have denied: that we human beings actually depend on living, biological systems. We human beings are profoundly interdependent on each other despite our presumptions to be autonomous, self-made individuals. A recent essay by ecophilosopher Andreas Weber, “Nourishing Community in Pandemic Times,” puts it nicely:
The corona pandemic makes us understand that the earth is a commons, and that our lives are shared. This insight is not a rational concept, but springs from an emotional need. Individuals accept hardships by restricting their contacts in order to protect community. The understanding that we need to protect others has been able to override economic certainties within days. Humans choose to put reciprocity first. Reciprocity – mutual care – is neither an abstract concept nor an economic policy, but the experience of a sharing relationship and ultimately of keeping the community of life intact.
The reality of mutual aid as a deep human impulse has been showcased recently in a column by George Monbiot in The Guardian and an excellent piece by Gia Tolentino in The New Yorker.
There are two other, more hard-bitten reasons that we need to talk about institutional innovation right now. The pandemic is causing a decline in the market valuation of many types of businesses and assets, and even bankruptcies. This means that it may be easier to acquire land, buildings, and equipment to convert them into commons infrastructure. For this, we will need to develop a whole class of “convert to commons” strategies, which I’ll discuss in a moment.
And finally, this is a time when lots of top-flight talent is eager to innovate and contribute to the common good. During major economic recessions, especially those affecting the technology industries, we have seen remarkable surges of innovation. Talented coders and engineers who otherwise would be designing systems to serve business models and maximize profit-making, can instead design what they really want to design. That’s one reason that we saw such an effusion of tech innovations following the 2002 recession, with blogs, wikis, social media, and other great leaps forward in software design. Similarly, the New Deal under FDR was a time of grave necessity driving breakthrough innovations in government and economics.
In a crisis, it is necessary to innovate, or at least we have “permission” to deviate from standard business models and to reinvent the state. I worry about mutual aid systems withering away as old commercial systems struggle to get back on their feet. I don’t want mutual aid to be merely a transient rescue system for the weaknesses of capitalism and state power. I want it to become a distinct institutional and power sector of its own! To do that we need to self-consciously develop institutional innovations to sustain commoning.
I come to this talk as a long-time scholar/activist of the commons. I’ve studied the theory, practice, and social life of the commons for the past 20 years, currently as Director of the Reinventing the Commons Program at the Schumacher Center for a New Economics. I’ve encountered hundreds of commons in my travels and studied them closely. I’ve concluded that they have great promise in addressing the challenges of this moment.
Eight months ago, I published a book called Free, Fair and Alive: The Insurgent Power of the Commons with my German colleague Silke Helfrich. The book distills and synthesizes our twenty years of study of commoning as a social and economic alternative.
I’ve come to conclude that the commons discourse is not only a fantastic way to critique capitalism. It helps us talk about creative, constructive alternatives as well. It points to functional alternatives that meet needs in non-capitalist ways with the active participation and creativity of commoners.
The truth is, we can and must leapfrog over tired debates about socialism versus capitalism. Both of these options rely on centralized, hierarchical, state-based systems, after all. The point of the commons is to open up new vistas for distributed, peer-organized initiative. It’s to honor the countless Internet-friendly options that empower us to take charge of our own governance and provisioning as much as possible.
If we truly want a world of democratic sovereignty and freedom, this option is arguably imperative. After all, electoral politics in modern politics, especially in the US, has been captured and corrupted by capitalism. The nation-state has become so closely allied with capital that it’s virtually impossible to effect transformational change. Political ideology and power have triumphed over serious ideas and debate. Even though economic growth is biophysically impossible over the mid-term, as climate change makes clear, the state continues to prop it up with huge subsidies and legal entitlements.
So unless we confront these tendencies of state power – which the commons helps us do — we will remain entangled in the web of neoliberal capitalism and its structural constraints.
The grim reality is: Covid-19 is the most powerful political actor of our time. It is disrupting countless premises of modern life and forcing us to acknowledge a fork in the road: Shall we try to restore brittle, tightly integrated global markets based on neoliberal fantasies of unlimited economic growth and technological progress? Shall we re-commit to this vision even though this system requires horrific extractivism from nature, racism, inequality, and neocolonialism – and even though small local perturbances like a virus can bring the system down?
Or shall we build a more distributed, resilient, eco-mindful, place-based system that places limits on the use of nature? Shall we build a system that invites widespread and inclusive participation, and nurtures place-making cultures that assure a rough social fairness for everyone?
This is the race we commoners are in – to articulate a positive, progressive vision of the future before reactionaries and investors restore a shabby version of the Old Normal, an unsustainable capitalism that may easily degenerate into authoritarianism or fascism. This direction is already being staked out by Trumpism and its attacks on the rule of law, the rise of the capitalist surveillance state, and armed protests against shelter-at-home policies.
The Old Paradigm is indeed falling apart – but new ones are not yet ready. Since politicians and economists are not going to develop any new paradigms, the burden falls to us to step up and sketch a new societal vision. Beyond expressing a new worldview and set of social practices and norms, we will need to build new types of infrastructures and institutions revolving around the commons. While state power and capital-driven markets will not disappear, it won’t be enough to hoist up a Green New Deal or cling to a timid Democratic Party centrism.
In this essay, I leave aside the complicated macro-policy discussion that we might have. Here, I want to focus on the institutional innovations that could move us in the right directions. In any case, it’s very hard to implement macro-policies without underlying support at the micro-level – the realm of everyday experience and culture. So I’d like to focus on institutions that we can build ourselves, right now, without having to persuade politicians or courts. That, in fact, is the beauty of the commons. We generally don’t need permission to move forward.
Commons-based Institutions
Pre-pandemic, it was very hard to get any traction for expanding the commons, or even talk about it, because the neoliberal vision of “development” was so pervasive and powerful. It was seen as the only credible template for policy, politics and economics. Of course, the moment has changed. The veil has been ripped off of the neoliberal capitalist narrative and it is now quite obvious that we are actually biological creatures whose well-being depends upon a living Earth. We are social creatures who depend on each other.
Fortunately, there are, in fact, many functional models for change that recognize these realities. It’s only a little bit of an exaggeration to say that the problem is more one of our internal consciousness than external institutions. But the effect of the pandemic is to push the “microbial destruction of the Western Cognitive Empire,” as Andreas Weber puts it, referencing a great book, The End of Cognitive Empire, by Portuguese sociologist Boaventura de Sousa Santos. Weber’s point is that the Hobbesean vision of society as governed by a social contract and a world composed of dead things misreads the human condition. The conceit that we are ahistorical, decontextualized, isolated individuals – that we are rational, utility-maximizing materialists — is a modernist, libertarian, capitalist fantasy.
The Enlightenment conceit that we can separate humanity from nature, that the individual is utterly separate from the collective, and that the mind and body can be separated, is empirically wrong. It is, frankly, ridiculous. So it’s a bit misleading to say that the coronavirus is destroying the capitalist global economy. It’s more accurate to say that it’s destroying the epistemological edifice upon which the economy stands.
We’re beginning to realize that the world is a pulsating super-organism of living agents. That’s why there is so much talk these days about the “new animism.” People are beginning to realize that the world is actually alive. Gaia really exists!
So rebuilding the world won’t just require new economic policies. It will require an entirely new mindset about a living world and our own aliveness. We need to see that life is really about achieving organic wholeness and integration. It’s about relationality and reciprocity. We need new systems that are take this into account. They must be bottom-up and place-based and embedded in local ecosystems. There must be opportunities for peer governance and local cultures to flourish.
As for “scaling” the commons, hope lies in federating diverse commons so that they can coordinate with each other and work at larger scales without becoming captured by the state or political elites. This requires that we demonstrate the feasibility of new forms of commoning, infrastructure, finance, and commons/public partnerships.
So let me share some of the institutional innovations that I think we need to develop.
Relocalization is vital to a resilient economy. Prime vehicles for relocalization include community supported agriculture, community land trusts, local import-replacement of goods, and local currencies. The basic goal is to decommodify assets and recirculate value.
CSAs are a time-proven finance technique for upfront sharing of the risk between users and producers. We know this as an agricultural finance tool, but in fact it can be used in many other contexts. In my region, many jazz fans subscribe to a series of jazz performances by paying upfront fees, CSA-style. This relieves the financial risks on concert producers and lets performers follow their creativity and not just hype their most well-known, marketable songs.
Community land trusts are also a great way to decommodify land, take land off speculative markets permanently, and mutualize control and benefits of real estate. CLTs help keep land under local control and allow it to be used for socially necessary purposes (e.g., organic local food) rather than for marketable purposes favored by outside investors and markets.
One adaptation of the CLT model developed by the Schumacher Center for a New Economics is “Community Supported Industry,” which applies the CLT model of collective ownership of assets – not just land, but buildings, manufacturing, and retail space – as a way to foster “import replacement.” The idea is to substitute local production for the importing of products through global or national markets.
Another way to foster relocalization is through what I call “Convert-to-Commons Strategies.” This refers to financial or policy mechanisms for converting private, profit-making assets into ones for collective use (preferably nonmarket uses rather than market exchange). Converting business assets into commons helps anchor them in a particular ecological place rather than making them mere commodities subject to the whims of external investors or markets.
A still-emerging Convert-to-Commons approach is finding ways to convert private businesses into collectively owned and managed projects. Activist/scholar Nathan Schneider called these “Exit-to-Community” strategies. These are ways for entrepreneurs to allow communities to acquire their enterprises, avoiding the only two other options generally available to them — selling out to large companies or “going public” (i.e., selling to private investors) through Initial Public Offerings.
In Great Britain, there is a wonderful Assets of Community Value Law, which gives local communities a legal entitlement to be the first to bid on private business that is being sold or in danger of liquidation. This has been a way to convert privately owned pubs, buildings, and civic spaces into community assets.
Relocalization of food production and distribution systems. An important subset of the relocalization question is regionally based agriculture and food distribution systems. The pandemic has shown the precariousness of global and national supply chains, not to mention the atmosphere-destroying carbon emissions that such chains require. We need to develop food supply chains that are more place-based, cheaper in their holistic operations, respectful of ecosystems, and resilient when disruptions do occur.
The activist/academic Jose Luis Vivero Pol has done a great deal of thinking about treating food as a commons and what this would entail. By this, he means that food should not be regarded just as a market commodity that should fetch the highest price, but something that is affordable to everyone, nutritious and not just profitable, and rooted in local economies. This will require that we re-imagine food systems that favor local agriculture, agroecological practices, and more equitable value-chains than we currently have.
An example is the Fresno Commons in California, a community-owned food system in the San Joaquin Valley. Among other mechanisms, the Fresno Commons uses a stakeholder trust to assure that locally grown produce is accessible and affordable. What would otherwise be siphoned away as “profit” is instead mutualized among farmers and field workers, consumers, community businesses, restaurants, and other participants in the food value-chain.
The relocalization of food should also look to innovative data analytics so that farmers themselves can start to build new sorts of cooperative supply systems. If they don’t, the big players who can own and manipulate agricultural data – Monsanto, etc., — will come to control local agriculture. Along the same lines, farmers need to look to open-source designs for agricultural equipment to assure that they can modify and update the software on their tractors, prevent price-gouging and copyright control of data and software, and take charge of their own futures.
This brings me to the idea of cosmo-local production. This is a system in which global design communities freely share and expand “light” knowledge, open-source style, while encouraging people to build the “heavy” stuff — physical manufacturing – locally.
There are already a number of exciting examples of cosmo-local production arising for motor vehicles, furniture, houses, agricultural equipment, electronics, and much else. In agriculture, there are the Farm Hack and Open Source Ecology projects. For housing, there is the WikiHouse model. For furniture, Open Desk. For electronics, Arduino. To help deal with environmental problems, by providing monitoring kits, for example, Public Lab is a citizen-science project that provides open source hardware and software tools.
Like local food chains, the point here is the importance of developing more resilient local production that can be customized to meet local needs. Innovation need not be constrained by the business models that Google and Amazon or other tech giants depend on; the small players can actually make a go of it! Production costs can be cheaper using nonproprietary, non-patented design that rely on open-source communities of innovators. And transport and carbon costs can be minimized.
Imagine what could happen if this approach were applied to the development of a Covid-19 vaccine! Once a new vaccine is presented to the world, we are poised to see a major fight among proprietary drug developers, rich and poor nations, and various international bodies. Some people won’t be able to afford to vaccine, and others will make a fortune off of the pandemic – without actually vaccinating everyone, as needed. That’s why we need to look to organizations like the Drugs for Neglected Disease Initiative, which organizes international partnerships to develop high-quality, low-cost medicines for everyone.
There are two serious problems that will need to be addressed if cosmo-local production, however: finance and law. If there is no intellectual property for cosmo-locally produced products – and thus no property to serve as collateral — lenders will be less inclined to finance new drugs or cosmo-local products. So these problems will need to be solved to help cosmo-local production scale.
Platform cooperatives are another institutional model of commoning. They use Internet platforms as vehicles for cooperative benefit – to empower workers and consumers, to spur creativity, to reduce prices, to assure quality of life. The point of a platform coop is to empower the people who own and run them – workers, consumer, municipalities – rather than investors who extract money from a community in the style of Uber and Airbnb. Platform coops mutualize market surpluses for the benefit of participant-owners.
There are now platform coops for taxi drivers in Austin, Texas (ATX Coop Taxi), for food delivery workers in Berlin (Kolymar-2), for delivery and messaging workers in Barcelona (Mensakas), and for freelance workers in Brussels (SMart), among many others. Recently a new platform for independent bookstores in the US — Bookshop.org – has made some headway against Amazon. While not a coop but rather a B-Corporation, it shares 75% of its profits with bookstores.
One variant of platform cooperatives is known as DIsCO, the Distributed Cooperative Organization, which is a digital platform, sometimes using distributed ledger/blockchain technologies, to build working communities that prioritize mutual support, cooperativism, and care work, while avoiding the exclusionary, techno-determinism of typical networked platforms. DIsCOs and other network platforms need not be market-driven. They can be mutual aid platforms of the sort we’ve seen in response to the pandemic…..or timebanking platforms that enable people to share services through a credit-barter system…or freecycle platforms for giving away and sharing things.
It’s important to build commons-based infrastructure so that any individual commoner doesn’t have to be heroically creative and persistent. Infrastructure – physical, legal, administrative – provides a structure that makes it easier for individual commoners to cooperate and share more readily. It’s a standing, shared resource.
Some examples: Guifi.net, a WiFi system in Catalonia, Spain, has more than 30,000 nodes that functions as a commons. It provides high-quality, affordable service that avoids the loathsome prices and business practices of corporate broadband and WiFi systems. Another interesting infrastructure project is the Omni Commons in Oakland, a collective property for artisans, hackers, social entrepreneurs, and activists. The project consists of nine member collectives who make decisions together, and provides meeting spaces, programming, community-outreach, and more.
Creative Commons licenses are a form of legal infrastructure that enables legal sharing and copying of information and cultural works. Again, this would be far too difficult for any individual to do, but as a collective enterprise, these free public licenses have opened up countless new, cheap and free opportunities to share information, creativity and culture.
Land is an important infrastructure – for regenerative agriculture, affordable housing, and community-based businesses. There is a whole frontier in making land a form of community-owned infrastructure, rather than a mere market or speculative commodity.
Stakeholder trusts like the Alaska Permanent Fund are another rich vehicle for treating public assets as infrastructures for sharing benefits. In his book Capitalism 3.0, Peter Barnes sets forth many examples for using stakeholder trusts to monetize and share the benefits of publicly owned land, forests, water, minerals, and more. The basic idea is to use trusts to manage these assets, which in turn can generate annual dividends for the ordinary citizen.
Finally, we need to explore new types of commons-based finance in the years ahead. There are already many hardy examples to build upon, such as mutual aid societies and insurance, crowd-gifting and crowd-equity pools of money, and – as mentioned earlier – community land trusts, CSA finance models, platform cooperatives, and Convert-to-Commons strategies.
The idea is to avoid the traps of conventional debt and equity, which generally colonize our future behaviors and options, and require enterprises to become growth-driven despite the ecological and community consequences. We need to imagine finance as a diverse array of community-supported and -accountable pools of money that actively facilitate commoning.
The state may be able to play to creative role here, especially city governments, so long as they can get used to the idea of use-rights being as important as market exchange. One way of pursuing this goal is through commons/public partnerships, as Silke Helfrich and I discuss in our book Free, Fair and Alive. This is another, much larger topic – how the state — long allied with capital investors interested in economic growth — can become a constructive, non-intrusive partner with commoners in developing different types of infrastructures, legal regimes, and financing for commons.
At the dawn of neoliberalism in the 1980s, British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher once thundered in defense of her economic plans, “There IS no alternative!” We now see that this idea is a ridiculous, bullying claim. The pandemic has revealed that neoliberalism is a fragile monoculture. It is no match for the harsh biological realities of global viruses, the living dynamics of Gaia and climate change, and the governance and inequality problems of the market/state order.
The opportunities ahead are better defined by the acronym TAPAS: “There are PLENTY of alternatives.” But we need to find ways to work together to develop these institutional models and give them some public visibility as real options. We need to communicate these ideas to other commoners and to the general public.
My bet is that the dysfunctionality of current systems and urgent social need will propel great interest in many commons-based models. Still, we have a lot of work to do in consolidating these ideas into a new vision of the future and in building them out. It is very early in the day!
Lead image by Alan L.
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May 25, 2020 0 Comment P2P Foundation read
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November 24, 2018 by Reticular
Teddy bears that connect to the internet.
Smart speakers that listen to commands.
Great gifts, unless they spy on you.
Mozilla created a guide to help us buy safe.
We realize people want to just know which products are safe and which aren’t. We are Mozilla—not a consumer product review company—so we won’t say “Buy this, don’t buy that.” Instead, we used our technical expertise to create a set of minimum security standards we think all products should meet in order to be sold in stores. Those standards include using encryption, automatic security updates, requiring strong passwords, having a system to manage vulnerabilities, and having an accessible privacy policy. Look for the “Meets Our Minimum Security Standards” badge on products in the guide.
There is a Creep-O-Meter.
We wanted users of this guide to be able to share their opinion too. It’s important companies, and other consumers, see which products people think are safe, and which products people feel are a bit creepy. So we created our Creep-O-Meter—a users rating on each product—to let folks give their opinion too. Try it out, it’s fun.
Bigger and better.
We added a few things this year. Our product list has grown to 70 connected products across six categories. Last year we answered the questions “Can it spy on me?” and “What does it know about me?”. This year we added “Can I control it?” and “Does the company show it cares about consumers?” to that list. Hopefully the information provided in each product review will help people shop smart for connected products.
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« The Herero and Nama genocide
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Africa: the last 13,000 years
Fri Aug 3rd 2012 by abagond
Chimamanda Adichie, who warns us against the danger of the single story!
The following is based mainly on chapter 19 of Jared Diamond’s “Guns, Germs and Steel” (2005) – with his racist framing taken out:
The best way to understand the last 13,000 years in Africa is to look at its languages – particularly at the words people use for the plants and animals they eat. Throw in archaeology and glottochronology and you can work out who was where when and why.
The native language families of Africa:
Language families of Africa, c. 2000
Afro-Asiatic: from Ethiopia. Spreads to most of North Africa and the Middle East. Ancient Egyptians, Ethiopians, Somalis, Arabs, Jews, Phoenicians, Carthaginians, Assyrians, Babylonians, Berbers, Tuaregs, Moors. What the Bible calls the sons of Ham and Shem. Copper and iron tools. Native plants and animals that could be domesticated: sheep, goats, cows, donkeys, camels, wheat and barley. Suited for dry lands with winter rains.
Nilo-Saharan: from the Sahara, which from -9000 to -4000 still had lakes, game animals and real grass. Were farmers before the Egyptians. Today they live on the remaining grasslands south of the Sahara. Mali and Songhai empires, Timbuktu. Copper and iron tools. Native: sheep, goats, cows, sorghum, millet. Suited for dry lands with summer rains.
Niger-Congo: from West Africa. From -3000 to +500 the Bantu branch spreads across most of Africa south of the equator. Native: African rice and yam, kola nuts, oil palm, guinea fowl. Suited for wet lands and summer rains. Later took on dry-land farming, cows and iron from Nilo-Saharans and Afro-Asiatics. Could make steel. Resistant to malaria, which their farming spreads. Livestock resistant to the tsetse fly. Does not spread into the south-western corner of Africa due to its winter rains.
Khoisan: from eastern and southern Africa. Now just in south-western Africa with pockets in East Africa. Their languages have clicks, which some Bantu languages, like Xhosa, have picked up. (Some of the Xhosa in South Africa also look part Khoisan.) Native plants and animals that could be domesticated: none. Hunter-gatherers, stone tools. Some started herding cows and sheep a few hundred years before the Bantus arrived.
Pygmies: from the middle of Africa, where they can still be found here and there. No longer a language family – they now speak the languages of nearby farmers. Native plants and animals that could be domesticated: none. Hunter-gatherers with stone tools.
Remaining Pygmy peoples to give you some idea of their old range in -3000
The Bantu Expansion: From -3000 onwards the Bantus “engulfed” the Pygmies and Khoisan. Jared Diamond uses “engulfed” because we do not know just what took place, like interbreeding, conquest, expulsion, killing or epidemics.
Why the Bantus?
Afro-Asiatics were held back by the summer rains (not the Sahara).
Nilo-Saharans, despite their empires, were held back by the tsetse fly, which their horses were not resistant to.
Pygmies and Khoisan were held back by the lack of native plants and animals that could be domesticated.
Present-day range of the tsetse fly – which is close to the Niger-Congo range
The Austronesian Expansion from South East Asia reached Madagascar between 300 and 800. It brought bananas and Asian yams.
The European Expansion reached south-western Africa in 1652. Their Afro-Asiatic plants were suited to the winter rains.
sexual selection and race – also based on Jared Diamond
the single story
human migrations
Negritos
Mali Empire
Kilwa
How black was Ancient Egypt?
Diop: The African Origin of Civilization: Myth Or Reality
on Fri Aug 3rd 2012 at 15:57:28 SomeGuy
Now I’m confused. Who is Black, again?
on Fri Aug 3rd 2012 at 16:08:33 abagond
Jared Diamond sees it this way:
Afroasiatic – mostly white
Nilo-Saharan – black
Niger-Congo/Bantu – black
Khoisan – separate race
Pygmies – separate race
Instead of getting into his views of race, which kind of make my skin crawl, I put in pictures instead, which is a subtle dig against him on my part.
I should maybe rename the post.
Everyone in those five separate classes would be considered Black in America.
I agree. Reread my previous comment – I added to it.
on Fri Aug 3rd 2012 at 16:39:24 B. R.
Im in agreement, Someguy and Abagond, while their genes and culture may have differances , which I cant break down now, they are phenotype black enough to be persecuted by the klan…and any other discrimination against black people anywhere…for sure here in Brazil , if they were born and raised here
@ SomeGuy, B.R.:
Trying this again. I changed the title from “How Africa became black” and repurposed the post to make it less confusing and to avoid Diamond’s ideas about race.
on Fri Aug 3rd 2012 at 17:48:04 CDF
I wonder about other melanin-rich peoples around the globe (i.e. South America, South Pacific, etc.).
I think the Pygmies actual name is Bayaka. It sounds less de-humanizing.
@ CDF
I did a post on Negritos:
https://abagond.wordpress.com/2009/09/21/negritos/
While they have kept much of their black appearance because they have remained in the tropics, they are in fact more distantly related to, say, West Africans than Europeans are – because they were among the first to leave Africa.
Just from looking for pictures for this post it became apparent to me that Pygmies are way more dehumanized than other Africans. The cold white gaze in full effect. It took me way longer to find a good picture that would fit in with the others. (Niger-Congo, on the other hand, was by far the easiest. So easy I had to stop myself from putting up Oluchi or Genevieve Nnaji as “unfair”).
From what I understand Bayaka is just the term used for those in the Central African Republic.
on Fri Aug 3rd 2012 at 19:29:21 Randy
Just from looking for pictures for this post it became apparent to me that Pygmies are way more dehumanized than other Africans. The cold white gaze in full effect.
Also, the cold Congolese, Tutsi, and Hutu gaze, to cite but a few additional examples.
“The Twa of Rwanda and Burundi are treated by both Hutu and Tutsi as completely inferior. Eating, drinking, and intermarrying with the Twa is unacceptable to the vast majority of Hutu and Tutsi; even sitting and talking with them is often forbidden, and they have frequently been dispossessed of whatever land they held without this being seen as theft.”
http://books.google.com/books?id=f7EPoTyUvfkC&pg=PA314
Great map , Abagond, and, I would like to show that the Africans below the Sahara, were in touch with certain principles and concepts that are unique that area despite people that might think inspite of differant tribes and areas and migrations, something very special was happening in below the Sahara Africa with the phenotype black Africans. Here is a youtube of the San people, and they are doing a very basic 6/8 slow groove all the way through, maintaining that pulse :
Abagond, if I am off topic about this, please let me know, I think its extremly relevant, but, I would respect totaly your opinion. Its about culture and understadning each of these people desctibed here, makes their culture extremly relevant
My computor gliching made me type real fast…I mean, that there are people who talk about the differant cultures in below the Sahara, but, I say there is a common thread….not that everything is the same, but, similar concepts….and these concepts arnt common to all dark skinned people on the Earth, it is a wonderful thing that came from the dark skinned people ( meaning the San and Pygmies too), and, it just has to be dealt with by the anthropologists and arcealogists…they need to listen with their ears and see with their eyes
(http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K8ItXIclHyg)
here are the Mbute Pybmies, another group described as differant , yet using the same 6/8 concept as the San but much faster with drums and dance
(http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=juK3JmFEGUw)
Bushmen drumming a complex yet definable groove concept
The Bushmen, San and Pygmies are all suposed to be the different group from the Bantu, and I can bring in huge amounts of drumming from Ghana, Kenya, Senegal, Uganda, Congo, that all have these concepts, and I beleive we are talking about concepts that are thousands of years old that have evolved
The San for example, arnt drumming, it was hard to find them drumming, but the groove and claps and dancing that they are dealing with is very related to many other black African concepts
(http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C4JFj057wTI&playnext=1&list=PL9EDC3EB0834E743F&feature=results_main)
that is too cool, that is the Baki pygmyes
(http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N0Sy0gKvAko&feature=related)
and we have talked of the Dogon, here they are and some of their grooves
there is definitly a thread of similar concepts running through these youtubes
very interesting youtube about “Nilo Sahara”(http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ujo5qcbm1As)
on Fri Aug 3rd 2012 at 23:40:52 mary burrell
Abagond, and all the commenters on this thread this is indeed a great education for me. It also teaches me that you have to be careful where you get your information from. It’s important for me to know what is accurate.
on Sat Aug 4th 2012 at 00:16:01 B. R.
For me too, Mary, it is a constant evolving learning experiance to go much deeper into a culture that brings incredible ancient knowledge to the table , than the normal history books and scholars tell us. There is huge amounts of buried treasure and knowledge to be discovered .
Dr Ani, a marvelous educator who talks about being in touch with this ancient knowledge, ancient black African knowledge and concepts, and she is in touch with the reality of being in a state of mind coming from this knowledge , and the strength someone can gain from it and how it has been supressed.
Lets face it ,Chistianity, Islam, the West and the Arab world has gone in, built their beliefs on top of these concepts, buried over these concepts, and tried to destroy them .
If any one looked at that Nilo Sahara youtube, you see them talking about things in those concepts that arnt in Islam, and then you see them building pyramids in the end…..pyramids ! Did they get it from Egypt or was it the other way around…
There is so much treaseur to discover about the people who brought these concepts into the world and created the first civilisations
I went into Kwamla’s site once and there was a link about a huge very ancient civilisation that was built around the gold trade in a place in lower Africa I dont remember. The evidence was overwelming that it was a large civilisation who built a lot of walls and streets and they might have been 10,000 or more years old….there is so much we just dont know…and there are some very deep concepts of how to look at and live life that are not ackowledged in present day society.
The world knows about transcendental meditation, yoga, chinese marcial arts , many things are starting to be discovered by the Western world as great knowledge and concepts to live life with , especialy in the cold scientific , weighed down and supported by religions, but, these concepts arnt really talked about or understood the real power to be harnesed from it. At the most, by way of the incredible fact that black African slaves brought their culture with them and it ended up dominating every country they were brought to, the West unconciously has regulated it to Dick Jane and Sally , candy bubble gum enetertainment in their lives. They go to a disco, go to a rock show, most all informed by these concepts, and have an incredible time , its their social pop lives, they feel good…but have absolutly no idea the depth that lays behind these concepts that the pop world of their lives barley touches on…they have no idea where it came from or what it really is, they dont ackowledge it and they have no idea of the real power behind it .
(http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zlQLpc_cfBg) Here is something from North Africa and you can see they still are dealing with a groove feeling on the bottom but there is an introduction of Arab type melodies on the top….this is the mixture that starts to define it differant as some of the youtubes I brought in above..just to note it. This doesnt mean I think one is better than another, its just that we should understand the differances to get the total meaning and concept that each culture has to offer
(http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w4_ovDP40fw&feature=related)
(http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NK7GdnDLE7w)
gnawa from North Africa, Morroco, a North African music with origins in the below the Sahara concept but the melodies start to reflect the Arab influence, at least compare it with Kenya
(http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8VVbcFQMePo&feature=related)
Im having sound problems with this, but it is so incredible, women from West Africa playing Djembi…hope the sound works for anyone who listens
, (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RfXnuG6X7cw&feature=related)
Senegal…..these two clips start to really show the depth complexity and power of the more advanced concepts that I think the below Sahara brings to the table. On the Senegal clip, you have to go in about 3 minutes and it really gets intence….I can barely follow it and Im a trained musician…the counter point, syncopation , pollyrythms etc…virtuostic
(sorry to inundate the thread with all these youtubes, but, I think they can really describe what the thread is trying to get at about the variations and mixes you can find in Africa….youtube is so great when it comes to actualy studying culture)
I think I read , from a link someone gave on here the other day (sorry I forgot who) about the farmers in Africa , because they were able to stay in one place , raising their crops, unlike the hunter gatherers, who had to be on the move, these farmers could then organise standing armies, organise to govern, trade etc
The link from Kwamla’s site about the huge ancient community built around gold mining, was just mind blowing , I mean it was big and ancient. And makes me think we know so little about what really happened, and, Western history books arnt going to really tell us
on Sat Aug 4th 2012 at 02:06:43 abagond
@ SW6
“Why is this post different? What was the title this morning? Where is the information about blacks in certain regions being a new thing?”
This post was named “How Africa became black”. That is the name of the chapter in “Guns, Germs and Steel” it is based on. But race in this case is a mystification – it makes it harder not easier to understand the last 13,000 years. It was better to just leave it out.
Jared Diamond does not regard the Khoisan and Pygmies as black. Therefore when the Bantus engulfed them, Africa “became black”. Diamond regards only the speakers of Niger-Congo and Nilo-Saharan as being mostly black. The other three language families he counts as mostly belonging to other races.
The Hutus are racist? What a shocker! Does that excuse anti-Pygmy racism? Does that excuse white racism or something? Do you look up to Hutus? Or are you expecting me to give equal time to Hutu racism, which does not directly affect anyone I know?
“Classification schemes pigeonholed them into categories defined as narrowly as possible…whilst expanding definitions of Caucasoid groupings as broadly as possible.”
Tell me about it! I think separating the Khoisan from other blacks into a separate race like Jared Diamond and Carleton Coon do is part of the same thing. The Khoisan are genetically the closest of anyone alive to the first Homo sapiens sapiens, so they need to be denegrified as much as possible. Like calling Obama half-white or biracial even when he regards himself as black. The genetic distance between the Khoisan and other blacks is not big enough to put them in a separate race. It is no worse than between Greeks and Anglo-Saxons.
on Sat Aug 4th 2012 at 04:30:34 The Cynic
Phenotypically speaking, Afro-Asiatic is a bit broad. Why no pictures of the Berber peoples from North Africa? That would be a pretty cool post btw
on Sat Aug 4th 2012 at 06:08:17 Eurasian Sensation
It’s been a while since I read GG&S, but I think you miss the point about Jared Diamond’s classifying people as black or not black.
“Black” is a social construction and it is not really about colour. Whether or not Americans would regard Khoisan or Afro-Asiatics as “black” is not relevant to this discussion. You need to momentarily take off your American sense of what “black” means, because it’s not useful when talking about the diverse populations of Africa.
Diamond’s classifying Northern Africans as white/Caucasian is a bit oversimplified, but it is undeniable that there is a significant amount of West Eurasian genetic input in the Horn of Africa, with some Ethiopians being genetically just as “white” as they are “black” (again, those terms are social constructions).
“I think separating the Khoisan from other blacks into a separate race like Jared Diamond and Carleton Coon do is part of the same thing. The Khoisan are genetically the closest of anyone alive to the first Homo sapiens sapiens, so they need to be denegrified as much as possible. Like calling Obama half-white or biracial even when he regards himself as black. The genetic distance between the Khoisan and other blacks is not big enough to put them in a separate race. It is no worse than between Greeks and Anglo-Saxons.”
Sorry to say, but that is ludicrous, and I have no idea where you are getting your information from. Diamond’s point is that Africa is more diverse than any other continent. The pygmies and Khoisan are genetically VERY different to the Bantus and everyone else – on the human family tree, they branch off before everyone else. The first Homo sapiens sapiens was undeniably a dark-skinned African, but to say Khoisans are closer than anyone else to those early people is erroneous. Evolution doesn’t work that way; the ancestors of Khoisans and Pygmies split off from other Africans early on, and all continued to evolve into what they are now. If we take out recent admixture, I’m pretty sure that Bantus are actually more closely related to Europeans and Asians than they are to Khoisans.
Most of my African friends get really pissed when Westerners talk as if Africans are all pretty much the same. So it’s kinda weird here seeing people (who I presume are black Westerners) trying to say that Africans are effectively all the same.
on Sat Aug 4th 2012 at 07:08:00 Origin
Educational post. I like the point about some Bantus being able to make steel. Many people do not know this.
“The Haya were centuries ahead of European metallurgists”
Abdominal deliveries (c-sections) were also practiced in Bantu Africa before colonization.
“Caesarians were performed in Africa much before colonization. A story of an abdominal delivery as performed by an African operator, is related in detail. Another incident of a black slave in America in 1869 performing abdominal surgery on herself is briefly mentioned. It is clear from the stories that medical knowledge was fairly advanced in Africa: cauterization of the bleeding points with a hot iron was used, dressing with a poultice to decrease risk of infection was standard, closing the incision with animal gut sutures, post operative suture removal, “anesthesia” with wine, and scrubbing with alcoholic beverages were all techniques used that are strikingly similar to “modern” surgical techniques.”
on Sat Aug 4th 2012 at 09:53:50 Xeelee
I have not read Diamond’s books. When discussing “expansions” or “conquests” I would imagine he is aware that languages and cultures spread far faster than actual population. For example, we know very well from historical records that the “Arab conquests” of the 7th-10th centuries took place not by Arab populations spreading out from the Arabian peninsula, but rather by a small warrior elite establishing themselves as rulers over other peoples. These peoples then gradually came to adopt the Arabic language and regard themselves as Arabs.
In the same manner, it’s dangerous to interpret the spread of technology or agricultural methods as an evidence also of population migration.
Well , that is the thing, I dont know the gene or DNA background of the differant groups talked about here, but, I just tied various of these groups together in one kind of cultural expresion…and its not like this cultural expresion is done in other parts of the world..except where the descendants of this cultural expresion were brought as slaves.
I dont exactly know why this is, but it is a reality, rarely ackowldedged or discussed by the scholars
I have a huge curiosity how these various people from very differant areas on the continent, arrived at some cultural similarity in how they express themselves…Im not saying they are exactly the same, Im saying there are principles that are in tact and quantifiably can be tied together , and arnt common to ancient people outside of Africa ( keeping in mind, these concepts were fully developed when the first slaves were brought to the Americas, and, there are even ancient Egyption scriptures talking of a singing and dancing pygmy as far back as 3000 bc)
on Sat Aug 4th 2012 at 11:53:54 vindicator
The African language families seem to semi correlate with the different phenotypes and genotypes of Sub Saharan Africans.
There seem to be six main branches of Sub Saharan African peoples. They are:
Hamitic (Horner)
Nilotic
Khoi San
However a famous geneticist called Tishkoff (look her up or do a post on her) said there are 14 distinct gentic clusters of Sub Saharan African peoples!
@ Eurasian
Diamond very much pulled race into this – it is even in the name of his title for the chapter: “How Africa became black”. Further he appeals to American ideas about race when he says that most Afroasiatics are whites. He even draws a rough race map of Africa and spends a page on the standard disclaimers about race (that each race is internally diverse, that there are no hard lines between races, etc). And his “blacks” are those Africans from whom America’s slave labour force was drawn.
I am the one who took race OUT of the whole thing. I do not use the word “race” or “black” or “white” once in the post. It is all about geography, agriculture, technology, language families and so on. Which I find far more enlightening than dividing it up by race.
Dividing Africa by race has nothing to do with Africa itself and everything to do with the dehumanization of blacks in America. Diamond should have said that shit. He did not.
History is twisted to prove the worthlessness of blacks and the wonder of whites. And part of how that is done is by taking away the historically important bits of Africa, like Egypt and early man. Even Timbuktu becomes “Arab” or “due to Arab contact”. This is how the part of Africa with the worst archaeological record becomes the home of the “true” blacks. Wow.
The One Drop Rule is applied to Americans but when it comes to history it goes out the window – even though that very same history is used uphold that racism, a racism that does NOT regard itself as a social construct but as “natural”, as a matter of common sense. Which to me shows what a rotten lie it is.
“Sorry to say, but that is ludicrous, and I have no idea where you are getting your information from. Diamond’s point is that Africa is more diverse than any other continent. The pygmies and Khoisan are genetically VERY different to the Bantus and everyone else – on the human family tree, they branch off before everyone else. “
I am basing my comments on a genetic distance chart from Cavalli-Sforza, as seen here:
https://abagond.wordpress.com/2011/02/14/mephisto-on-race-iq/
There the Khoisan certainly are not one of the six or seven “races” as Diamond claims. Not even close.
on Sat Aug 4th 2012 at 14:49:27 SomeGuy
History is twisted to prove the worthlessness of blacks and the wonder of whites. And part of how that is done is by taking away the historically important bits of Africa, like Egypt and early man. Even Timbuktu becomes “Arab” or “due to Arab contact”. This is how the part of Africa with the worst archaeological record becomes the home of the “true” blacks.
This is the most significant paragraph in this entire thread; because it basically states the reality of the situation, free from all double-speak, obfuscation, and deception (self-imposed or otherwise).
History, specifically the history of Africa, is used almost purely as propaganda by White Americans and some Europeans to widen what White is, in order to assimilate all Human novelty and invention into the White spectrum. It also has a secondary goal of narrowing what is Black to the extent that one begins to wonder just what the heck “Black’ is, until you take a closer look and then it becomes very obvious. Black is anyone from, or currently living in, the countries in which the former slaves of America originated! Anyone outside that sphere gets their Mischling Card.
The genetic diversity of Africa is celebrated in the White scientific community for these reasons. You’ll notice that these same Whites have absolutely no problem with unifying Europe, some even including the Middle East and North Africa, into a SINGLE race they call “Caucasian” or some other such non-sense label. They do this with Y-Chromosome and Mitochondrial DNA testing because they know that those are the best pseudo-scientific ways to unify dissimilar people. What would be more accurate is if they used Autosomal tests, which can determine the fine differences in the DNA of Europeans and all people for that matter.Then they can proceed to break up Europeans into different races just like they do Africans.
“Oh, I’m sorry Mr. English. Your DNA came up Western/Northern European. It’s a shame you can no longer claim the splendors of Greece and Rome. Sorry, Mr Thatch roof!”
For the record, the exercise of writing about 13,000 years of Africa in 500 words showed me how unnecessary race is and how it gets in the way.
I can see “race” being important only when you want to understand the actions of racists, like the Europeans and White Americans. But at that point it is feature of their ideology, not part of the framework of African history.
on Sat Aug 4th 2012 at 17:26:10 JT
The thing is. I act, think and write in terms of practical use rather than other methods of interpretation. I do this mainly because that is how the world itself works. I described the practical application of history; because, after all, all of the sciences are just tools to get what you want or need. History and the social sciences such as anthropology are not simply for understanding Humanity, like it’s some curio. History, anthropology, archaeology and every science is about getting that crucial edge over your neighbor.
There is a significant difference from how laymen see these sciences and how the scientists themsleves see them.
There have been a lot of developments in the study of human genetics and evolution in the last 3-4 years, so I’m not sure how accurate that Cavalli-Sforza chart is now. I’ve seen numerous ways to interpret and present genetic data, and Cavalli-Sforza’s does not tell the whole story. For example, it cannot properly represent populations that are admixed – for example, he categorises Indians as European even though there is clearly a sizable non-European component in Indians.
Obviously I’m not a geneticist so I’m a bit out of my depth discussing this angle, but the stuff I’ve been reading recently seems to indicate a fairly ancient divergence between the hunter-gatherer populations of Africa and those who are now agriculturalists/herders. I’m trying to find a link with a chart but it’s eluding me so far.
Bear in mind that modern man existed in Africa for a long time before a small portion of them departed and gave rise to everyone else. So it is only logical that the greatest genetic diversity exists in Africa because there was so much more time to diversify.
Most Afro-Asiatic speakers are, in effect, “white”; generally speaking, the Berbers and Arabs are much closer to Europeans than black Africans, although obviously there is some admixture and diversity there. Cushitic peoples in the Horn have significant “white” genetic components, although it is certainly a stretch to describe them as actually being white.
I don’t think Diamond has any agenda to denigrate Africans. His whole book is basically a big F U to HBD types who would say that the lack of technological development in Africa and elsewhere is due to some kind of genetic or mental inferiority. He’s one of the good guys.
His book is also pitched at a fairly accessible level, which is why his descriptions of the different populations in Africa are overly simplistic. It is an attempt to explain anthropological science to lay readers, which means the use of loaded and problematic terms like black and white. He does it clumsily, but I think it’s incorrect to read an agenda into it.
on Sat Aug 4th 2012 at 18:31:15 Jefe
It certainly seems reasonable that the current inhabitants of Africa have diverged from the original prehistoric inhabitants as much as the ones descendant from those that left – genetic drift and bottlenecks occurred there too, as well as supplantation of one breeding population over another.
I’d like to see a post about the theory about the differentiation between East Asians and Europeans, who theoretically both trace their origins to Central Asia (and earlier to the Arabian peninsula), with one group migrating to East Eurasia and another migrating to west Eurasia.
Im not sure of all the confusion with “quantum semantics”…
What really is important is culture. And its important to not water down what the cultural contributions of certain people are.
I dont care if we want to abanodon “race”, “territorial barriors”, change any semantical way to look at it, as long as we can ackowledge the cultural ties and contributions and what their value is .
If we are going to abandon semantical referances, then other ones that can express these truths have to be defined and substituted
I just tied together cultural similarities of San, Bushmen,Pygmies, Nilo Sahara, Senegal, and could bring in much more of Kenyan, Ghana, Ruanda, Uganda etc etc, and showed how North Africa uses these concepts but mix them with Arab concepts and these concepts dont just stay above the Sahara. And Arab influence affects how the culture is as does Islam and Christianity.
What should never get lost in this shuffle is the fundimental genius of these cultures I tied together….and exactly what makes them unique and contribute so much to the world
on Sat Aug 4th 2012 at 20:19:48 Randy
The Hutus are racist? What a shocker!
Actually, to a significant fraction of your readership and others in the modern west, it probably is indeed a shocker to learn that Africans inflict the same type of racism and dehumanizing discrimination against one another as has been inflicted upon them by outsiders.
I frequently read the opinion that racism and its attendant consequences are the unique provenance of European peoples and European cultures. Obviously, this is a fallacy as the experience of forest peoples in Africa continues to demonstrate.
Do you look up to Hutus? Or are you expecting me to give equal time to Hutu racism, which does not directly affect anyone I know?
No and no, though I was surprised that you characterized the difficulty of finding positive images of Pygmy people as being due to a “cold white gaze” given that the most frequent and persistent tormenters of those groups have been black.
One thing I want to address also is, the scholar world has a pretty good idea of what the fundimentals and values of Christianity, Islam, Judism, Bhudism,Hinduism but there seems to be very little understanding of the fundimentals and values of the cultures I have tied together above in the thread….
Some of the deep values have to do with letting go of the thinking brains and getting in touch with intuition. And, these deep values are much more than the religious rites in Africa that used these concepts in them, the way Christianity uses Bach to compose for the Church…they are much more…
Its interesting that some of the fundimental religios rites are seriously in effect in the Americas, and on full display for us to understant the orgins and value….Candomble in Brazil, Santera in Cuba, Voodo in Haiti and it even carries over into some of the black American church. All have themes of letting go , getting in touch with the spirit, intuition, as I said, the religious rites are just using these concepts , the concepts exist seperatly also…they are much bigger…and the idea of getting in touch with the spirit and intuition and turning off the thinking brain is a very valuable concept to understand and use in this mundane plane world
But, these things arnt really acknowledged or talked about in the same way as the other ways of thought and religion and values, as a matter of fact , they are dismissed
That is why its very important to look at this culture and examine it very deeply on its own terms to fully understand it and its value, to really understand how it got buried over or destroyed by these other values and religions that came in and built over it or conqured the people.This is part of the very deep story of 13,000 years of Africa, and , a very important part of that history
For sure, semantics dont function, “black”, “race” “sub”, they are only words to get the general idea, they fall short at really describing what is happening, but, we need other definition if these arnt enough
on Sat Aug 4th 2012 at 21:37:38 Mz. Nikita
The information about Africa’s diversity is a subject that is long overdue-particularly for those of us in the ‘States who almost never get to hear its’ truE history of Africa’s people and their accomplishments. Great post!
on Sat Aug 4th 2012 at 23:15:59 Mbeti
Another interesting post on the same tired subject.
Black/meleniated peoples and how whites/albinics done and are doing us wrong.
Its true and its important but its not everything nor the only thing about the world or our(black/meleniniated peoples) place in it.
on Sat Aug 4th 2012 at 23:52:28 Matari
“Actually, to a significant fraction of your readership and others in the modern west, it probably is indeed a shocker to learn that Africans inflict the same type of racism and dehumanizing discrimination against one another as has been inflicted upon them by outsiders. ”
I see that our favorite pest and irksome RACIST, Randy is rabid in his persistence to label any misconduct between factions as racism. Yet even he has to know that one group fighting against another group doesn’t equate to racism/white supremacy.
Randy, let me make it plain and clear for you. Racism IS white supremacy. White supremacy IS racism. Whites INVENTED (made up) racism as a JUSTIFICATION to rob, kill, rape, mistreat and enslave others. Racism IS NOT two groups of the same so-called race going at each other for whatever reason. Racism IS simply white people mistreating/oppressing OTHERS (non-whites) based upon their skin color!
Saying that ” Africans inflict the same type of *racism* and dehumanizing discrimination against one another,” is akin to saying that England was racist toward France, Italians were racist against Scandinavians, or Spaniards are racist against Poles.
Of course this makes absolutely no sense according to the ORIGINAL definition of racism. Which is why the definitions of “racist” and “racism” have subtly CHANGED over time so that anyone (especially the non-white VICTIMS of white supremacy/racism) can NOW be deemed racist or practicing racism – according to the current dictates of WHITENESS (and those that are held/indoctrinated in its grasp).
Dude you’re wrong again – as usual! (But at least you’re consistent..Obviously you enjoy being a not so undercover racist).
I’m going back to ignoring you and your lame-ass/knucklehead attempts to derail the OP.
on Sun Aug 5th 2012 at 00:50:26 Randy
Matari:
Randy, let me make it plain and clear for you. Racism IS white supremacy. White supremacy IS racism. Whites INVENTED (made up) racism as a JUSTIFICATION to rob, kill, rape, mistreat and enslave others.
You just helped to corroborate my claim to Abagond that many people actually believe that racism is an exclusive invention and pathology of Europeans. Thanks for helping out!
The way that many central African groups treat the Pygmies goes way beyond “groups going at each other” as you put it.
Pygmies are seen as inferior, sub-human. Their land is stolen without guilt or recompense. They’re massacred and abused. To this day, governments refuse to acknowledge them as citizens and afford them basic rights and access to resources.
Read these links and tell me if this type of treatment does not strongly correlate to the historically abusive beliefs and treatment of Africans by Europeans:
Bigotry against Twa peoples by Hutu and Tutsi:
https://abagond.wordpress.com/2012/08/03/africa-the-last-13000-years/#comment-140565
Dehumanization of Pygmies in Central Africa:
https://abagond.wordpress.com/2012/07/26/the-herero-and-nama-genocide/#comment-140432
If you do care to continue that discussion, let’s move it to the Open Thread.
on Sun Aug 5th 2012 at 01:23:11 SomeGuy
I’m only speaking upon what others want and do with history.
Personally, for the most part, I think history is a waste of time. People say those who don’t know their history are doomed to repeat it. What a crock of horse sh*t! People don’t learn squat about life lessons in history. People continue to do the same mistakes humans have made for thousands of years. Yeah, African history is a little interesting, as is European history; but I care about what people are doing NOW…F*CK HISTORY.
I focus on the present and the possible future.
I tell people this: if you knew for certain there was a God what would you do? You know what people would do? They would crumple up that piece of paper, put in the their back pocket and then business as usual. God, History and all other distractions don’t change people. The technology is more advanced in the 21st century, but we still have the same mentality we had 30, 000 years ago. Evolution will change that, not knowledge.
on Sun Aug 5th 2012 at 01:31:17 Franklin
In your pathetic attempt to “be right” for the 1st time in this thread, you failed to pinpoint where Matari said racism was exclusive to whites. Saying something “is something” doesn’t automatically mean it’s only one thing. So you’re back down to “zero” in this thread. An outcome that you’re all too familiar with.
Yeah, um…
http://www.unicef.org/wcaro/english/4501_5081.html
This is just one example. This is also what happens when you keep spouting the same “sure fire”, copy-n-paste, stupidity. Because the world is constantly changing, you’re eventually going to be wrong when you’re against any sort of logic/research. Why do you even post on this site anymore?
Because I pity you, due to you been getting kicked around this entire thread, I’ll give you an easy out here. Because you’re Randy and you’re predictable, you were honestly implying that this is Pygmies “in general”. Because you now need a way to recover from consistently being made out to look like a complete idiot who’s immune to facts, you’re going to shift goal posts now and say “not all”. While taking this opportunity to abandon this discussion and go off in a different, and more “solid” direction.
Let’s all watch and see how this plays out…
on Sun Aug 5th 2012 at 06:11:14 satanforce
Ah yes. America, center of the world. The The Nilo-Saharan would be considered half -Indian in much of Africa (for example Uganda ) or mixed (South African). The Khoisan would be considered half – Chinese in Jamaica. In fact, I used own a friend in my study group with a picture of a San that looked just like him. But that’s just Africa and the Caribbean, a relatively small amount of ‘black people.’ Hell, Omar al-Bashir considers himself an Arab, not a black. You wanna go tell him otherwise?
Should this be called the black American gaze?
on Sun Aug 5th 2012 at 11:25:12 B. R.
“This particular video was designed to show you that the “Nilo-saharan” black man is not only native to “sub-saharan” Africa, However is indigenous to ALL of africa, including the sahara where the indigenous black natives have been outnumbered and systematically erased from HIS-story , via enslavement and colonization. When we examine regions of North africa, like the Ahaggar region of southern Algeria, it show and proves who the indigenous “Saharawi” people truly were, even before the drastic climatic change in the North african region, where most whites claim that no black man is indigenous to.
Extensive, breakthrough Research throughout Kemet (Egypt), Algeria,”Subsaharan” Darfur / Sudan, and zimbabwe, reveals the relation between “subsaharan africa” and the saharan north africa, which changed that mis-conception for many who did not know that we are the orignal north africans, due to the implementation of systematic brainwashing perpetuated throughout the world, as told by the honest white, world renowned african historian Basil davidson.”
here is a quote from who made the youtube of the Nilo Saharans I brought in, and it sais “we are the original North Africans”, so this is a Nilo Saharan saying this.
Its obvious that black Africans do understand this dynamic of black Afrricans and cultural differances and they are debating it also
(Somebody mentioned the Berbers:)
For me, North Africa is a tremendous criss cross of cultures that can lean one way or the other. Here is an example of drumming that sounds like the roots from the south….This is from Morrocco, I can bring in youtubes of Morrocan music that sounds extremly Arab. So there truly is a tremendous mix of cultures coming together and breaking apart.
Word dont do justice in discussing these cultures, they have to be seen and heard and felt to really come close to getting the true picture…a video is worth a thousand words
I think the Berbers are on the cusp of the cross culture of North Africa
on Sun Aug 5th 2012 at 12:07:19 Yawn
“In your pathetic attempt to “be right” for the 1st time in this thread, you failed to pinpoint where Matari said racism was exclusive to whites. Saying something “is something” doesn’t automatically mean it’s only one thing.”
Are you even looking anymore? Or just trodding around thy holier than thou attitude?
“Racism IS simply white people mistreating/oppressing OTHERS (non-whites) based upon their skin color!”
Pretty sure this would constitute stating it’s exlusive to whites. Or else he’d have stated racism is x (for any race) oppressing mistreating x (any other race).
I’ll let it side though, Matari is just being the troll he is.
Back to lurking for me yet again.
(http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l4PYoTV_jMQ&feature=fvwrel)
Here, you can hear music from Morroco with somewhat of the groove of the link I brought in above yet with an unmistakable Arabian melody on top…the cultural mixture in North Africa is immense
…by the way, the quotes I brought in, that are in moderation , in a nut shell, is a Nilo Saharan excaiming that the black Nilo Saharans are tied to the culture of the South and not Islam
Whether anyone agrees with him or not, the point is, Africans are well aware of this dynamic of “black Africa”, and the cultural differances brought in from Islam, and they are debating these issues
you can just click on the youtube of the Nilo Saharans I linked in and look at the descriptoin of the person who brought that youtube in
That link you posted actually supports my point about the plight of Pygmy peoples. Thanks!
From the text:
Generations of traditional prejudice against pygmies seem so ingrained that many do not even question the discrimination they face.
“They refuse to treat us. They say the hospital does not belong to us,” a third woman voices her opinion.
At the town hall in Mbaiki, the Mayor himself recognizes that pygmies face problems with social discrimination and that very few are present in the national system of registration.
(http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IyLF3y1YJKA&feature=related)
Here is a San healer talking about exactly what I said about dancing to go into a trance to get in touch with the spirit world…the rhythm is in a 6/8, the San dont have a drum cultrue but the priciples that are in other African groove concepts are in tact….Now, the San also have beats that are devided like 3 groups of 6 and one group of 8, so, I want to emphasis that there is diversity in various areas in how people aproach the groove, but, there are also examples of how there is a common thread, like the common thread of European classical music among many countreis with differant languages and customs
You know, there is some genetical differances in these San with other areas nearby, but, not enough to keep them off the slave ship
(http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hr9Qn3s-ABA)
Music from the San that is the closest Ive found to their culture being very similar to other below the Sahara black African cultures, with lots of great pictures of their culture also
Im concentrating on the San because they are suposed to be the hunters and gatherers who are differant from the southern migration, yet, there are cultural elements that are similar and ones that are very differant also…how did they get similar? Influencing each other?
And this is the culture in Africa that is thousands of years old
Actually the link I posted conflicts with your notion that they don’t have ANY rights and are denied basic liberties.
“COOPI, the NGO employing Simone, works throughout the southern district of Lobaye. COOPI is supported by UNICEF and teaches pygmy communities about their legal rights and encourages parents to register their children. COOPI staff also train local authorities, police and military personnel on human rights and the plight of pygmies. COOPI assists pygmy communities with registering to attain legal status as a village. They also support cultural performances and help with establishing schools.”
So let’s not play the Randy Game of Cherry Picking minor details in an article that conflicts with your logic, while dishonestly trying to claim it in fact supports your arguments. What you did, as usual, was ignore the greater point being made, so you could desperately present yourself as being correct. It’s kind of sad, how one of the most “intelligent” trolls on this site has degenerated into such a pitiful display.
It’s kind of sad, how one of the most “intelligent” trolls on this site has degenerated into such a pitiful display.
Not sad at all but to be expected. Hey Franklin, I found a picture of Randy on the net, suits him to a tee!
on Sun Aug 5th 2012 at 18:09:43 Jared
Black” is a social construction and it is not really about colour
I think that many have a limited understanding about what it means to be black, it was never only about colour or phenotype but also about recognizable culture , shared ancestry and being a member of a marginalized group.
I say this because many believe if you remove the U.S. social descriptor “black” you are somewhat different, and we know that racist won’t discriminate.
I have African Friends ( east and west ) who tell me that people in my country are ashamed of being black, they were not talking about phenotype ,but about not promoting “Africanness” within the society.
on Sun Aug 5th 2012 at 21:07:25 phoebeprunelle
i don’t necessarily agree that ancient black people didn’t identify themselves by skin colour–too much evidence exists that suggests they did.
Also, unless you have lived in African nations among the black people there, then you could just be speculating about how people see themselves–none of the Africans i have been around– including myself– identify with being anything other than black.
(http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TLiwhvc7Axg&feature=related)
Is this the original doo wop ? amazing vocals that sound contemperary….and, this is the beat that is actualy , counting really fast 5 beat cycle, 2 6 beat cycles and an 8 beat cycle, which , to be sure is not a common beat cycle in a lot of African drumming.
Nice information, Bulanik, those caves had ancient paintings that helped scientists understand the meaning of really ancient European cave paintings by researching living San peoples rituals and consulting their healer, like the one I brought in, I better not paraphrase what I think they found out or I might get it wrong.
Pheobeprunelle , what you say seems to ring true for me
Jared “I think that many have a limited understanding about what it means to be black, it was never only about colour or phenotype but also about recognizable culture , shared ancestry …” rings true also for me
on Sun Aug 5th 2012 at 22:23:47 Fiamma
I wonder where I can get one of those nifty “thinking” hats for myself!
but that BLACK is not the primary identifier for many people – rather that nationality, religion, etc., and their particular ethnic African-ness – might be instead.
This has not been my experience…mainly because most Africans i know do not separate their blackness from their ethnicity, or nationality.
I’m sure you noticed kind of thing: A light skinned Eritrean being “African” in Kenya, an “Arab” in Sudan, “habesha” in Egypt and back in the USA, an “African” again, but a “coloured” in South Africa.
And that is not because that person doesn’t know they are black….
People do that, sometimes they say their mixed when amongst a certain group, among others they claim their blackness.
For some here in the US the label “Black” mainly (or only) applies to Black Americans (the descendants of US enslaved Africans); many others classify themselves more in terms of nationality — either that of themselves or of their immigrant parents (in the case of 1st generation Americans). I have seen this time and time again.
on Sun Aug 5th 2012 at 23:48:47 kittyem
Based on this post I would say Diamond’s book is fundamentally flawed as there are inaccuracies while some things just dont make sense.
For example, Khoisan is presented as if its one ethnic group but its not. They even have different phenotypes. Khoi were pastorialists while San are hunter gatherers. Khoi were wiped out by diseases they caught from Europeans settlers or invaders while San were mostly absorbed by West African Migrants.
I would say that this book should be dismissed as nothing more than cheap charlatanism.
on Mon Aug 6th 2012 at 01:41:13 B. R.
Its not that I personaly think all Africans should think of themselves as black, its the notion that Africans dont think of themselves as black, when obviously some do , which is what I question. And that it is only the “American gaze” or something I question also. I brought in a youtube about the ” Nilo Saharans”, and the person who brought it in was Ethiopian with his moniker “Theusamustfall”, and he was very firm about his “blackness”, and that the “black people” of his area, the Nilo Sahara, are linked to the black people of the south and not the white people of the north.
I think speaking in absolutes of what African people think like , or like this semantic “black” is imposed, when some of the people who it describes are very happy with that description of their identity, is what could be something to question.
We are speaking English on this blog, obviously there are numerous obsticles right there about really describing Africa and the people, but its what we are working with here. If I have to come up with a convoluted five sentance phrase to describe something, and then lose numbers of people because they dont know anything about the description, then, communication is lost.
Either people cant be hung up on semantics or come up with tangible descriptions that we can work with , and more than anything, that is what Im looking for, if someone doesnt like the descriptions then they have to come up with something that I can use, because I sure wont abandon the concepts that there are cultures tied together througout the below the Sahara line, and, they just happen to be mostly dark skinned people…to be sure of differant genes and hues.
I need words to describe how the cultures I demonstrated are tied together. If someone cant help me come up with the words, it does me no good to take these cultures and blur them in with a bunch of others.
See that is the danger about semantics and descriptions, we dont have to throw the baby out with the bath water..
And, the first thing that is going to get lost in the shuffle is the real genius and cultural contribution of those dark skinned people who are tied together exactly by the concepts I have demonstrated very firmly here on the youtubes…or all over , like on the Miles Davis thread, or the Brazil thread where I debated with an anthropologist who could barely ackowledge a bell pattern in Brazilian Candomble was actualy extremly derived from black cultures in Africa..and its in a bunch of places in Africa
The deep philosophies and ways to see the world and get through life are going to be crushed under semantical demands to not use this or that term or that it is some American imposition or what ever , you can just be sure its going to be lost in the discusion and buried under the table….meanwhile, I can listen to some of those youtubes and hear the roots of some of the greatest Cuban, Brazilian, Haition,Jamaicon, Puerto Rican, American etc etc culture
So people have to gve me the words or it just doesnt work and I have to stick to the same old semantics
on Mon Aug 6th 2012 at 02:09:47 vanishingpoint
@/Bulanik
My skin color and my id is white.
But even I, a white child of a black father understands Black, and you, a Black woman, do not get Black, as negritude?
on Mon Aug 6th 2012 at 03:36:00 Eurasian Sensation
@ kittyem:
You are dismissing the book as nothing more than cheap charlatanism, based on your interpretation of Abagond’s interpretation of one chapter?
on Mon Aug 6th 2012 at 04:00:55 Jared
When I think about it, black is not so much an identity – it is more social and political consequence of a world which after colonialism and slavery existed in those colour terms.
You’re right it was born under those circumstances and it wasn’t around a hundred thousand yrs ago, but it’s here now and it’s meaning may vary among various groups; a socio -political identifier or a cultural glue that binds africans and the diaspora.
If you think about it a hundred thousand yrs ago there was no Europe but today their are Europeans and Euro americans and Euro australians..
Their is a European Identity. but i get what you are saying, good points.
on Mon Aug 6th 2012 at 04:09:59 satanforce
@kittyem
Diamond’s book is a modern classic. I highly recommend that you watch the documentary then buy the book based on that.
Btw, the Afro-Asiatic, as well, could AND would absolutely be considered mixed or part-Lebanese or half-Indian in different parts of Africa and the Caribbean, too.
I remeber one of my firends was cosidered a Coloureed in South Afruca because she was not as dark as the blacks in the country, and used chemicals in her hair to straighten it. Just goes to show.
on Mon Aug 6th 2012 at 08:22:59 chulanowa
Regarding Jared Diamond in “Guns, Germs, and Steel,” I really did not get that message of him thinking along lines of “black, mostly black, sort-of black, not black.”
He raised the point that Africa is by no means populated by a single contiguous ethnic group, as is often portrayed in media and “common knowledge.” In Europe and the Americas, “black” is often defined by the descendants of slaves taken from Africa – slaves who were mostly of the Congolese / Bantu ethnic backgrounds. So in common portrayals of Africa by whites, it’s presented as nothing BUT that particular ethnic group.
It’s a case of “they all look the same,” and my reading of Diamond is that he finds that portrayal not just inaccurate, but ethically bankrupt. perhaps he’s a little clumsy with expressing it (though again, I never saw the terms you’re attaching to him) but it seems abundantly clear to me.
At any rate, it’s a good point; the continent that serves as the cradle of humanity, the most genetically diverse ark of our species, is most certainly NOT going to be made of people who can just be labeled “black,” by the common European / American definition of blackness, any more than eastern Asia can be ethnically categorized in a Dale Gribble fashion, “So, er ya Chi-neeze ur Jappa-neeze?”
@Kittyem,
Correct, “Khoisan” is not an “ethnic group,” strictly defined. it’s a linguistic group, that happens to be found in two major ethnic groups (The San and the Khoekhoe) and possibly some isolates scattered around sub-saharan Africa.
It’s a terminological shorthand, when talking about the peoples of pre-Bantu southern Africa and their modern descendants as a group.
I’ve never heard someone calling themselves “Euro American”,
Oh Really !! , maybe not so much on a personal level, but definitely used to describe White descendents of Europeans.
@ chulanowa:
You put into words what I’ve been struggling to express. Bravo.
Diamond’s book is the first tome I would reach for in order to educate someone who thinks a race’s greater technological accomplishment is a sign of racial superiority. And there are a lot of people who think that way. The book is not perfect, but as Satanforce says above, it’s a modern classic.
Jared Diamond is not all good or all bad. There is plenty of good material in his book but his framing is sometimes racist.
On the one hand the main thrust of his book argues against the racist idea that the current state of the world (whites on top, etc) is due to genetic differences in intelligence. On that point he is great. Wonderful, in fact.
On the other hand he does divide the world into races as if they are a fact of biology. He says, yes, races are internally diverse – Berbers look pretty different from Swedes – and yes there are no hard lines between the races – one race slowly shades into another. But he also says:
“Nevertheless, as we’ll see, recognizing these major groups is still so useful for understanding history that I’ll use the group names as shorthand, without repeating the above caveats in every sentence.”
Race as a social construct was NOT one of his caveats. Instead races are “useful for understanding history” – and by history he does not mean since white colonialism, but the past 13,000 years.
As a scientist writing for a lay American public he is helping to support one of the main pillars of white supremacist thinking: that race is a fact of nature. And given that most biologists no longer believe that, he is pushing a racist myth, a very dangerous one.
on Mon Aug 6th 2012 at 13:50:57 resjan
I hate the term “Afro-Asiatic” because it is an African group of over 300 languages, and only 2 of them are used in Asia.
@abagond: be careful when you say Afro-Asiatics are “mostly white”…there are what you call Arabs and Berbers (people of mixed heritage mostly Ottoman, European and some instances African), i.e., the majority in Algeria (35 M), Libya (6 M), Morocco (30 M), Egypt (80 M) and Saudi Arabia (25 M), Oman (2.5 M), Yemen (25 M, although many have significant African ancestry), Iraq (30 M), other Arabian peninsula Arab speakers (10 M), European Israelis (7 M)…
but Afro-Asiatic also includes people who are “mostly black” such as the Tuaregs (1 M), Gnawas and Haratins of N. Africa (5-10 million), most Ethiopian groups (80 million), Somalis (10 M), Sudanese (30 M), Hausa (40 M), Fulani (13 M) , “black” Mauritanians who speak Arab (2.5 M), minority blacks in Algeria, Libya, Morocco, Egypt, and Arabian Peninsula who speak Arabic (several million), minority blacks in Israel who speak hebrew (under 1 M)
Just as many, if not more Afro-Asiatics are “black” than “white”…and it’s really incorrect to label them as “white” b/c they are largely mixed….
@ resjan
It is Jared Diamond who says Afroasiatics are “mostly white” – not me. If you look at my post I do not bring race into it at all.
on Mon Aug 6th 2012 at 15:53:32 Roxanne
@SomeGuy
Regarding your first comment “Who is Black again?”
I’d like to ask, do you believe that people who are predominantly of African descent should be labelled as ‘just black’? Despite their country of origin, traditions, culture etc?
I ask because I notice many people think that there is a ‘Black mono-culture’ that every one who ask darker skin belongs to. Yes, we may share a high melanin content and have roots in the continent of Africa, but it is very dismissive to ignore the hundreds, yes hundreds of ethnic groups in Africa. Africa is the most genetically diverse continent of the planet yet far too many people do not acknowledge this and use the label of ‘Black’ to either dismiss or not acknowledge our variety. Funnily enough, in my experience when I’ve had the question ‘Where are you from’ and I state the East African country I was born in, on my visit to the U.S, It was mainly African Americans that replied “So just say you’re Black!”, or “Basically you’re just Black” and don’t get me started on the time one guy said to me, ‘To the Klan you’re still a n****r!’; As if the perception I have of myself is defined by bigots….Please!
I understand that given the history of the U.S, African Americans – no fault of their own- have no way of knowing where in Africa their roots may lay, and so it is understandable that ‘Black’ is a unifying term. But Africans in general don’t call ourselves Black first because there’s sense of cultural identity, ethnicity, tradition and language that we use to describe or identify ourselves by, rather than just skin colour. Even in the U.K, 2nd or even 3rd generation Nigerians, Kenyans etc use their country of heritage to identify themselves, even if they were born here (England)! and their proud of it too, the same goes for a lot of Jamaicans and West Indians here also.
The beauty and diversity of the various cultures and ethnic groups in Africa should be celebrated and not dismissed as “JUST BLACK”
Sorry, I should have phrased my response differently. you’re right to not even focus on race in the article as these are language groups that traverse races and ethnicities.
@Eurasian Sensation
You said to Abagond: “You need to momentarily take off your American sense of what “black” means, because it’s not useful when talking about the diverse populations of Africa”
I completely agree
You said: “The Khoisan are genetically the closest of anyone alive to the first Homo sapiens sapiens, so they need to be denegrified as much as possible. Like calling Obama half-white or biracial even when he regards himself as black.”
Now, from some of the previous comments and posts you have made, it is quite evident that you strongly believe in the ‘One drop-rule’. Calling someone who has a half-white parent; biracial or half-white is an acknowledgment to the fact that they ARE ‘half white’. That is what they are, it’s not all they are, but we can all agree to that. However in regards to self-identification, just because a person may choose to label themselves according to which ‘side’ they may feel closes to, that does not and will never change the ‘racial’ make up of BOTH their parents, whose union is the reason they are here in the first place. I personally see it as a form of denial, which in itself self hatred. Loving who you are, and acknowledging your where you came from is something that should be applauded. Not ‘covered up’ or hushed away, or told to pick a side. A person can identify as almost anything these days, it doesn’t mean that is what they are, some people write ‘Rainbow’ in the race section of the census! Hell, some people even refer to themselves as ‘The second coming of Christ’ but their personal decision to do that doesn’t make it a fact.
The one drop rule, just like the ‘N’ word and everything born out of slavery was created to dehumanize, degrade and destroy. To continue it is to honour those who created it.
I had to get that off my chest, the Obama comment just came out of nowhere and has been griping at my brain cells. But the mixed race debate is getting so old now it is starting to get Liver Spots
Right, coffee time then back to the Africa discussion. There’s an article I recently read about a group of African ‘Semitic’ people in Southern Africa that I need to find….
“Frankly, I cannot imagine ancient peoples in Africa seeing the obvious, the natural skin colour they had, as the most distinctive characteristic in defining themselves. For instance:
Zulu means: People of the Sky
Khoi/San means: King of humans
Senegal means: Our land
I think the Swahili call themselves “people” – no colour attached…why should all the peoples of Africa attach a colour to what they call themselves?
The tribal groups in Europe didn’t all go around self-describing as whites, pinks, or something like that.
I don’t think other peoples around the world all went around calling themselves after their skin colour – they were more likely to describe their humanity, or their cosmic origins, etc. So it gets on my nerves when the race of the many African peoples gets drawn in, and cut up into who was blackest, etc.”
THIS!!
I can’t co-sign enough!
Just for that comment alone, I love you for life 🙂
Why do people think that being called Black means that Ethnic identity disappears ? if you want to appear different from Blacks, well good luck with that,other peoples are not gonna spend the time learning how to identify differences, you could wear a T shirt saying you are not Black lol
India has different ethnic groups with different languages and religions yet they are all Indian.
We live in a a world now of large Group identities ,East Asians,Pacific islanders, Middle easterners,Europeans and Whites. Should Tibetans be considered Chinese ?
@ Roxanne
The nature of my belief in the One Drop Rule:
https://abagond.wordpress.com/2010/01/06/race-is-social/
Yet white does exist, not in the biological sense,but something that can be seen ,felt, and understood.
By the way the suspect in the Sikh Temple shooting was not from a tribal group.
Why do people think that being called Black means that Ethnic identity disappears ?
I wonder this too. So far, my friends and i have not come to a consensus.
How Jared didn’t seemed to get my point is baffling. It really doesn’t take Stephen Fry…
@Jared
Have you been watching the Olympics? did you see the Opening ceremony where all those talented athletes from African and Caribbean countries walked out? No? You saw ‘Just Black’. Or when Kenya won the long distance running last night… I suppose they were just ‘Team Black’. I also suppose Usain Bolt isn’t Jamaican (West African descended) either, he’s ‘Just Black’, Right Jared?…Oy Vey….
Jared, I am not sure if you have read my other comments on other threads about the Badensers and Wurtemburgers or the Land of Tribes in Ireland?
No i have not, work will not allow me to read every single posts. As i continue to read in this thread, i see that misunderstandings can arise from how we view certain things.
on Mon Aug 6th 2012 at 20:22:11 Tyrone
What makes a human being black or african? Is it ancestry, skin color, or phenotype? This is the age-old question that blacks and non-blacks have been debating since the dawn of humankind. If humanity began in Africa, therefore, all human beings are of african descent…Yes and No! That may be true in large part, but, we deal with the here and now. As black people, we often wonder why we’re in conflict with whites and asians so much? Turning back the clock is the crux of the issue. Blackness is the obsession of all human beings, not just black folk. It’s important that we understand this as a race. As Abagond stated, some tribes that migrated out of africa stayed black, some didn’t. Based on visual observation, i would assume that most so-called Arabs were black at some point, but not black today. East-Asians are a mixed bag, they still have the color and facial features, but the hair is straight. Polynesians are black, depending on the islands in questions…some islands are majority black, others are mixed with black and asian, and so forth. Basically, we have a large swath of human beings that used to be black a long time ago striving to be “Black Again.” All of the bs that we witness in the multicultural/humanist movement comes out of the desire of other colored folk to take back what was stolen from them via slavery and colonialism. For a long time, we’ve only dealt with blackness thru the lens of africa and the americas, ignoring the middle-east, south asia and the pacific isles. It’s not a question of color, they’re brown-skinned people without a doubt, but, can said groups be considered “Black” in the eyes of real black people? Are we comfortable with the idea of black people looking different than our ancestors? Again, this is a mixed bag…the women are black enuf to pass, but, the men are not…Blackness Runs Thru The Female! This is the obstacle that stands in the way of Afroasiatics and others who want membership in the fam again. Blackness has to be on both sides, not just the female side. I see this dilemma a lot within spanish culture, some non-black spanish women can pass as black females with no problem, they got the phenotype down pat. This is the group that insist they’re not this or that, they want society to see them as women of color(Black). Abagond, we have to take this issue serious. Are we gonna remain black for centuries to come on this planet, or, are we gonna throw away our blessing for the sake of getting along with others just because it’s the politically correct thing to do? What’s the deal black people?
@ Roxanne,
No Roxanne i think that you missed my point, i have no problem with you stating the limations of the Black identity when it comes to the diverse peoples of Africa and the diaspora, I just felt that it could of been taken a bit further.
You talked about being born in an east african country but aren’t most of those countries made up of different tribes with unique cultures ? does being Ethiopian or Kenyan tell you all about the various groups within those countries ?, What about Nigerian or West Indian. Nothing would be enough to to properly describe the diverse human groups.
Roxanne , Pheobeprunell came in and said she lives in Africa and her colleagues consider themselves “black”, I brought in a youtube where an Ethiopian with a moniker “Theusamustfall”, who considers himself black and sais the people of the Niro Sahara consider themselves “black” and seperate from the “whites ” in the norht. I dont think you can make a statement that all Africans dont consider themselves black….its just not true
But, great , Id like your opinion, I brought in various youtubes, from the various diverse ethnic catagories we have disscussed here with a blatent connection of certain concepts that were invented below the Sahara, by dark skinned people of varius hues. It is there genius, their culture, tied together from those difereant ethnic backgrounds. And you dont find it anywhere else outside of Africa except the places where descendants of West African slaves, but these concepts are in East Africa, and South Africa, and, traces are found in North Africa with obvious Arab influences tied into it
As a person , who, when I am not on this blog, am battling to educate people on these concepts, that are unique to the genius of the cultures I tied together in these youtubes , I am limited by the semantics of English, which is severly lacking to truly describe this genius…how would you reccomend that I describe these cultures that have this tie of concepts,even if they also have many of their own unique differances also ? Without having to go into paragraphs to describe the breakdown
I think what has slipped from some here: like abagond points out, the whole concept of race appears insane when thinkin about Africa and its history.
And, terms like “black” and “white” and the rest are, I think, the lingual tools of racism to define people from the outside. I think that the very idea of races and racial differences sit so deep in american language as a system of thinkin that it is very hard for any one grown up inside that system to see what they are: tools to separate humanbeings, vehichles to guide the thought process towards certain world view.
Not one african with whom I have talked with or know defines him/herself as black. They may say that they are senegalese etc. or some tribal name etc. but not as black. The Black comes into the self definition ONLY after introduction to the european or american culture and society. It is those who define them all as blacks. It is also that same System which defines afroamericans as just “blacks”.
As I understand calling certain people as blacks was an insult, a racist slur in USA way back when, so that in 60`s the activists “stole” that word from the racist by claiming Black is beautiful etc. They purposely changed its meaning from degratory insult into something else and so successfully that today “black” is (almost) neutral definition in the racist system frame.
I understand that need and emotional history behind it. Some european people who have been second class citizens or non citizens have done the same: the word Celtic was also an insult way back when. It referred to the more un civilized and brutal folks, the irish and such, but since then it has become a source of pride.
When talking about african history a debate of who is black and who is not seems almost funny. Almost. The sad thing is that it reflects the racist system of concepts and thinking, of language and that way symbols, in the western minds. It is so deep in our heads that when we look at Africa, a vast and huge continent with thousands of cultures and fantastic history going back to the birth of human, we start to wonder who is really black and who is not and why.
I think it is nonsense.
Africans are africans. All of them, regardless of their skin color.
“recognisable culture”…this is what Jared said and I agree with that.
I need to know how to describe who is responsible for the “recognisable culture”.
We all know that Europe is recocognised as the fonte of European classical music, various countries languages and culture are tied together by a common thread that evolved classical music, that , even when played all over the world, Europe is known as the fonte.
Why people cant tie that together with the cultures I have demonstrated , is beyond me…
“black”, “subsahara””African”…its all “quantum smantics”
follow the culture, that will really tell you the real deal , if you can really define it. You have to seperate the Islam and Chritianty and the Europe and Arab from Africa to really examine the roots of the culture Im talking about
Well , Sam, I just said there are Afrcans who call themselves “black”
Go into the Niro Sahara thead I brought in and see how an Ethiopian descibes himself,and then notice on the side of the youtubes a huge amount of youtubes that arnt American addressing this
What a false concept to think that no Africans think of themselves as “black”…..now I agree its a lot semantcal hangups, but no need to make just false statements
And, Sam, I have to ask you the same question I asked Roxanne.
Because I know only too well that below the Sahara isnt just “black”, that is a semantical term that depending on the intent can mean many things.
But, if you think the word “black ” is not adequate, you have to give me an alternative definition of the cultures I have blatently tied together with the similarities of expresion the same way Italy is differant culturaly than Germany but they are tied together by similar concepts in classical music
Otherwise , the genius of the cultures we are talking about get smothered over and buried, and that is what has always happened anyway. Islam has done it, Christianity has done it, Arabs have done it, Europeans have done it, all have buried and destroyed and built over this genius with their own cultures and beleifs
I mean how would you describe this genius, Sam ? There really are these ties and they are unique and dont come from other parts of the world…how would you describe it in a way I can tangably use in the battles I fight to get these concepts across to other people?
People are talking at each other here and not really listening, and we are getting hung up on semantics…too bad, there is a really rich vast incredible subject to dive into and learn, and Ive learned here from everyone, but, nobody is really listening
on Tue Aug 7th 2012 at 00:05:22 phoebeprunelle
Not one african with whom I have talked with or know defines him/herself as black.
Just know that there are plenty who do otherwise…
What a false concept to think that no Africans think of themselves as “black”
It is false, but what is more interesting is that some seem to be implying that it is wrong. You won’t ask white people to stop identifying as white?
You know, its all fine and good to talk about migrations, farming habits, language and dialects, they are important to understanding history in anthropology and arcaeology, but, art ,the expresion of their culture is the window to a peoples soul and their humanity and exactly who they are
Ive brought in some of the art of the people south of the Sahara, which undeniably demonstrates their humanity and soul, and shows how there are connections and ties between those people , from West, South and East Africa
Its pretty much blatently right there….but, it seems no one really wants to address that aspect in this discusion, even though it has deep answers to the culture of that people that stretches back thousands of years
on Tue Aug 7th 2012 at 00:59:06 Fiamma
“There’s an article I recently read about a group of African ‘Semitic’ people in Southern Africa that I need to find….”
The Lemba, perhaps?
on Tue Aug 7th 2012 at 01:53:29 Herneith
Oh yes, the anything but black meme. Whites don’t concern themselves with this because they are the default race. There is nothing wrong with saying you are black and from___insert country, continent. Your ‘colour is not all you are but unfortunately, whites make it so, being the ‘default’ race they don’t have to, nor want to give two sh&ts. Phoebe, you are very diplomatic!
As far as semantics and confusion, how about”Asian”…a lot of people are confused about “South East Asian”, they dont get it can mean several ethnic backgrounds…
And what about native Americans and “Indian”…my gosh, its a name meant for people who they thought were in India…what kind of semantic confusion is that?
How about South Americans…a whole whole lot of people think its just Spanish when the biggest country in South America speak Portuguese, beleive me, Ive run into that confusion more than a few times…more semantic confusion
how about “it depends on what your definition of “is” is…”
its quantum semantics, guarenteed to gum up any conversation and guarenteed we arent going to get anywhere
on Tue Aug 7th 2012 at 06:47:52 sam
Perhaps I should try to clarify myself here. I am not saying it is wrong to identify oneself as black. What I am saying that those africans I have met have not introduced themselves to me as “I am so-and-so, I am black”. Instead they have said: “I am so-and-so and I’m from Togo, Senegal, Kenya” etc. Or: “I am masai, ibo, yoruba” etc.
Whites do define themselves sometimes as whites because it is their system to categorise people according to the racial epitets, by the color of the skin. That is pretty much the system in many countries but extremely strong in USA. But even whites do not usually define themselves first and foremost as whites but being as a citizen fo a nation, part of the ethnic group, in many many cases by their profession etc.
Of course black africans know and understand that according to the race based system of thinking they are black and of course they sometimes define themselves as black BUT that is not the first and foremost definition they apply to themselves. It has meaning in the white racist system of consepts, or idea. So when dealing with that system of thinking they define themselves as blacks vs whites or any other racial color definition. BUT in Africa, when I was there, I never met a single african who stated that first and foremost he/she is black. Nor I have met any african living in Europe who states that he/she is first and foremost black, and nothing else period.
What I am saying that because in the american racist thinking system color of your skin IS the defining factor you start to think that way and see the world that way. Your skin color becomes who you are, everything you do or say etc. is your skin color BECAUSE that is the point. In racist system it is the Only thing that matters. You are no longer a doctor, a scientist, an athlete, a woman, a man, father, mother BUT you are first and foremost black. Period. It is how the surroundings define you and how you define yourself. Everything is about the color of your skin. Nothing else matters in the big scheme of things, only your skin color. So, naturally, you begin to categorise the whole world around you via the very same race based way. That is why it becomes The Thing. That is the corner stone of racism. To make you think trough your skin color, to make you believe that the color of your skin is the only thing that matters.
BUT in Africa, were most of the people around are “black”, that is not the point. It is almost meaningless. There are litterally thousands of groups who are so called “black”. It just makes no sense. A guy from Masai Mara is a masai when meeting some one from the coastal region, from Mombasa for example. He does not say that hey, I am black, by the way. BUT in the racist system of thinking and from the outside and in the context of the Outside (“white world”) he is black african.
As for the european unity and feeling of togetherness, I think that is a load of propaganda by some intellectuals, church people and the EU. There is no Europe other than in geographical sense. There are many separating lines and these are very deep. One is between the religions, lutheran and catholic, south and north, more local ethnich lines etc. Just look at the Yugoslavian wars in 90’s. Just look at the conflict in Northern Ireland or talk some irish guy about the english. One might say that it is an racist Utopia, the unified white Europe. There is no such thing, never was, never will be. Nor there is no “european culture”. European cultures, yes, but not A Culture. No more than there is european language.
I hope this clarify my thinking here.
Sam, I apreiciete your explanation, and I just want to point out a couple of things. How do you define what European Classical music is? The basic fundimentals of advanced harmony were developed there by the various European countries like Germany, Italy, Russia, Hungary, France etc….the principles are recognised as coming from there. Of course, any one from anywhere can learn and play these concepts, but they have to go throught that tradition. Even a great composer, like Vila Lobos, from Brazil, who used many ideas from folklorico Brazil, still has to filter it throught the standards established by the tradition of European Classical music.
You mention Africans defining themselves by country… I mean, arnt these countries national boundry lines defined by white colonizers?
My wife is black Brazilian, of course, whe wont introduce herself as a black Brazilian, but, in our privacy she will lament very sadly at the discrimination she has experianced because she is black
The thing is, I totaly understand and apreciete the diversity and mixture you all are talking about. But, Im sure to a tee, Sam, Bulanik, Roxanne, Eurasion Sensation, you all could recognise and have a great insight into the Arab cultural influence on North Africa.You have no trouble defining Arab and their contribution…
But it seems you all are hard pressed to recognise and ackowledge (Bulanik did ackowledge culture but I dont think she can define what it is) the way there is a tie between all these various groups I brought in from West, South and East Africa, and to be able to try to explain the genius involved in that culture.
If you really want to beat the HBDers into the ground, you just have to be firm about what that genius is, and all of their lame points melt to nothing.Its funny, having a debate with and anthropologist, he practicly scoffed at the notion that it is genius, in the face of the unbeleivable presence of the Afro diasporic culture in the Americas despite brutal repressive slavery…now that strong powerful culture that comes from a genius unique to the youtubes I have tied together
Bulanik, I have brought in serious referances to ancient Africa, its strange you are the one who brought in the controversy about the semantic “black”… that is why we are going over this.
And you know, Im not really fighting or arguing with people on here about this. I have enjoyed immensly the informtion Bulanik brought in about the Zulu hanging with the San, and then see the steps they both do with jingles on their feet are similar…its not the jingles, some native Americans use jingles also, they just dont use the same concept of steps….its totaly differant
The truth is, Ive almost begged for an alterntive definition about how I can express the truth about this genius and the ties it has…but, no one has anything for me….
Im kind of leaning towards ” the culture from the past that is left in Africa after you strip away the Islamic, Christian, Arab , European influences….”…..
Since “black” and “sub” are under scrutiny, does that include “Afro”? White Brazilians also get uptight if you try to define “Afro Brazilian culture”, they say, “we are all Brazilians”, but they cant even recognise their own culture. The great artists can recognise it there and have talked about it, not the white nationalists.What about “Afro diasporic”? Knowing using that term is really a definition for the concepts I have tied together , not Arab influences..what is the scrutinised responce to that?
By the way, when I said I dont think Bulanik can describe that culture, I meant what I am talking about, not the many informative things she knows about the migrations , dialects, farming versus hunting gatherers…Im saying she is hard pressed to understand what I am talking about this tie in of these various below the Sahara cultures…..
And seriously, unless you all can address this overwelming aural and visual evidence I have brought in, there is a hole in what you are saying…you all are making great points, I just suggest you go back to the drawing board and tweak it…Im tweaking my point of veiw as we go here
Sam, glad you mentioned the Masai, they are a group that suposedly was one of the migrations back South..they dont emphasize a drum culture as much…neither to the San, but, some of their concepts as I showed do line up with the ties Im taking about and a lot doesnt…yes, I do say that there is a lot of differant cultural expresion , but, like in Europe with all the differant cultures, they have huge links in their classical music ( they just call it classical musc, as though it can be the only music anywhere that could be defined as classical and we all know that it comes from Europe)
by the way, I want to clarify Im talking about past culture, there is a huge hybrid culture happening in Africa today with the use of electric guitars, basses, drum sets, dj mixing, influences of Reggae, Clave and James Brown
Wow. I am just reading some of the comments and it really does seem like people are doing their best to discredit black–by saying it is the “white racist way in which people describe other people”…just wow.
You totally disregard the fact, that before there was substantial contact with whites or others–ancient blacks–oops that’s a bad word–*shame on me* well lets say Africans–referred to themselves as “black”, “dark”, kemetic–which means land of the blacks–no they weren’t referring to soil….
You seriously telling me that art found in temples of darkly hued people in depictions of their everyday life–these people didn’t know how they looked? They didn’t know how to define themselves? They were wrong? Listening to the white man–yeah? Really?
I don’t believe or at least the way i interpreted it–that people here are saying black is the only definition–no it isn’t but not many blacks i have encountered separate their blackness from their nationality or ethnicity.
on Tue Aug 7th 2012 at 15:37:05 Roxanne
@ Sam & Bulanik
Both of you articulated what I wanted to say in ways I never could….Mind readers perhaps?
@Fiamma
YES! The Lemba!
I saw a documentary about them not too long ago. Such an interesting people. Right now I’m researching about ‘Great Zimbabwe’.
It’s amazing the things they never teach you in school
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Unlabeled_Renatto_Luschan_Skin_color_map.svg
That ‘Skin colour’ map is just ridiculous in so many ways. I can’t even… don’t get me started on this one
I can barely believe it…”discredit” black – it’s a colour – you can “discredit” a colour? … WTF.
I think you totally missed my post…
@ B.R
My internet is having problems with youtube at the moment, but when it’s up and running I will take a look at those videos you posted
(http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xjCgZt0ok1Y)
Here is what Phoebeprunell is talking about, and, please check out the person describing the video below, who is Ethiopian and seriousy identifies as black and has a monikar “theusamustfall”, hardly the American point of veiw
Good point about Kemetic
What is the story about Nubia and the Carthage armies of Hanibal were famous for having the quick moving Nubian troops? Just asking, I dont know
….no matter what point of veiw here, that is ancient Africa
……my post came in before I saw Bulanik’s comment….for sure, I wont address Bulanik personaly , Ill be happy to honor her wishes, but, I will comment more
I apreciete it , Roxanne, and, I earnestly ask you for the way to define what I am seeing, as a way to define how these differant expresions of these groups on the youtubes, are tied together in certain cultural areas, if the terms I am using arnt working
@B.R
You said “Im kind of leaning towards ” the culture from the past that is left in Africa after you strip away the Islamic, Christian, Arab , European influences….”…..
Why not just say ‘Pre-colonial Africa’, or the specific African region you are discussing, it doesn’t have to be a complicated mouthful, it really doesn’t. It’s the same way if you were having an educational discussion about North America before European invasion, or as I’ve heard some say The Americas BC (Before Columbus). Or say, a single country, India, you would say pre-colonial India, or the specific age in India’s history that you are referring to. It’s not that hard, most Indians know they have skin colour a shade of brown, they know this, but you’d be crazy if they were to say they were ‘Brown Only’ or Brown India. It’s stating the obvious. Plus, when you’re the majority in a country where everyone else shares a similar or not too dissimilar skin tone from you, why on earth would you let that define you? That’s the situation in Kenya, that’s the situation in Uganda, that’s the situation in Congo, Burundi, Mongolia etc. This thing about ‘White people’ being the default. Yeah, where there’s a lot of Europeans maybe, but believe me, Slavery and Colonialism might have caused the African Continent real damage. But we have held on to a hell of lot that we had before Europe, and before arab invasion, i’ll be dammed if I gave in and saw myself as ‘Just Black’. My parents are way too proud of their name and clan to let me forget that. Black and dark skin IS a part of us and our various stories, particularly in relation to contact with people from other continents, BUT it is just the tip of the iceberg.
I think you’re maybe making this more complicated than needs be. If it’s easier for you to talk about Africa simply in ‘Black’ terms, so be it, that’s up to you. My head hurts, let’s agree to disagree
^Okay and maybe i’m not sure if some other poster has implied this:
i’ll be dammed if I gave in and saw myself as ‘Just Black’.
Who has asked you to?
@ phoebebrunelle
Do you always need to wait for a question to make a statement? It is what it is….A Point of view
on Tue Aug 7th 2012 at 18:05:56 Jared
That’s right, the currents that took Africans to the New World are now bringing back new world diasporic culture to the continent. we all know that defining someone based solely on skin colour and phenotype is very limiting.
Does anyone know how these New world Afro descended influences have affected current African society ? What about in 50 yrs time would Africa still be African ? most of us don’t know because we are not looking at things from that particular angle.
You have young boys from Egypt to South Africa rapping,West africans dancing to their version of Jamaican dancehall. Should those influences be associated with blackness if so then how black is africa ?
That depends; especially in debates.
If that is your point of view fine. However, i doubt anyone here has implied that by referring to a person as black–that is all they are. I think Jared, myself and B.R. were saying that identifying with blackness does not erase a person’s nationality or ethnicity. In many cases it is intertwined.
I don’t see or have read commentors here questioning why white people refer to themselves as white or suggesting to them that they give that up. If there are black people who want to solely identify as black–what does anyone have against that and why suggest that they are inaccurate? There could be a multitude of reasons why they see it that way.
I think Jared, myself and B.R. were saying that identifying with blackness does not erase a person’s nationality or ethnicity. In many cases it is intertwined.
to all:
Like I said, I have not met an african person myself who has said to me that he/she is black and then something. Usually they have stated the country which they come from, or when I was in Africa some 20 years ago, they very often defined themselves via their tribal group or an area etc. BUT of course they all knew/know that in the racist skin color system they are “black”.
I am not saying that they deny this. What I am saying that based on my personal experience in Africa back in 80’s and in Europe, those africans I have met have not placed that much emphasis on the color of their skin. Usually they have been defined as blacks by non blacks.
As for the electric guitars etc. I used to listen Fela Kuti back in the late 70’s so I know they been around in Africa at least since the 60’s and earlier. It is not like Africa has ever been in a time capsule culturally either. There were some really swank night clubs in many african cities in 1950’s already, african jazz musicians and singers were world famous in the 50’s etc.Just like Africa has been giving cultural impulses to the rest of the world and keeps doing so, it has also taken in.
And that brings us to the “european classical music”. It is a name describing certain style of music which has very strict hierarchies and codes. In a sense, it is just a style, one mode or way of making music. It was not very popular among the masses in the days of Beethoven, Motzart and Bach, but among the elites it was popular. Perhaps that is why it became so hierarchial too? Even today, when it is more popular than ever, it is still seen as the music of the snobs and higher classes.
Trying to see certain music or art as pure european or pure anything is also an old way of looking at things. It is the way world view was constructed back in 1800’s and that kind of thinking is still very strong in USA which for some reason forgot that we live in a post modern world which recognises that there are no clear cut divisions or in a wider sense anything “Pure” or “clean”. Not culturally, in arts or music, or even racially.
Actually the whole concept of various races is a just a fantastic relic from the 1800’s and it is mind bogglin that it still holds so tightly in the official system of USA and some other countries. The science has demonstrated without any doubt that there is only one human race, It is a biological fact. And yet, here we are, in 2012, trying to do away the racism.
I conclusion: I do not deny the word black nor I think it can not be used, nor I have any negative meanings with that word. All I pointed out was that those africans whom I have met during my life time have not defined themselves as black first and foremost. They know that they are seen as black, and see themselves as black in the skin color system of the west, but in their lives they do not make this as The defining factor of their lives.
I understand that it is different in USA. I have been there too. I have lived in USA twice so I know the realities over there. And the fact is that in USA the color of your skin IS the defining factor because the whole cultural system around you is racist. There fore an american with african heritage is classified first and foremost as black, not as an newyorker, philadelphian etc. not to mention that they would defined as scientists, generals, professors etc. It is always a Black athlete and then just an athlete, who is usually white.
And that is the reason why it is important to be black and proud of it. That is the reason why it is important to build up postive connotations and meanings for the Black, which is ok. I am not saying it should not be done, I am all for it.
But I think this is not the case for the africans living in Africa. They have no need for it all the time in their lives. Yes, they can be called as blacks and yes, they sometimes call themselves as blacks, but only in the context of our racist system. Hope this clarifies my take on this a bit more.
on Tue Aug 7th 2012 at 19:49:40 Tyrone
All of this is so basic. Africa is our homeland, black and brown are the colors. The same goes for europeans as well. White arabs and spaniards have added a lot of confusion in regard to this issue. A group of white-complexioned people who say they’re not white, instead, they choose to identify themselves with another race more than their own…Blacks! The obvious question, can blackness be co-opted by others that are not black? A certain percentage of whites on this planet don’t know what whiteness is, because they’ve obsessed over black culture so long, it’s all they know. From my perspective, Why would someone loathe their culture to that extent? Racial acceptance is relevant to all human beings, but, with black folk it’s even greater. Being the first comes with a lot of responsibility, black people need to remember that.
” think Jared, myself and B.R. were saying that identifying with blackness does not erase a person’s nationality or ethnicity. In many cases it is intertwined.” yes
Lots to anwser here, Roxanne and Sam, I apreciete your answers. I dont think any of us really is delving in stereotypes, and , after all, we all have a great affinity and are sympathetic to the plight of Africans
“Pre colonial”…I like that, does that include pre Arab invasion ? Because that would be part of it too, if it does, Im happy to use that phrase . Roxanne, I would never presume that you should think a certain way about yourself…I only observe that Pheobeprunell is stating another experiance and I brought in a youtube with an Ethiopian exclaiming about his “blackness” and the “blackness” of the Nilo Saharan people. So, obviously, and not surprisingly,there are lots of differant opinions about that….of course we can agree to disagree, and Im here to learn also…the only thing about narrowing down a region is that, what Im talking about is many regions, with differant cultures and genes and hues, who have , a part of their culture that is tied to very similar concepts, they are principles and laws of music that show a tremendous insight and genius. And, Im not saying all the people in those areas do these principles , Im saying enough people do , that it has to be taken note of and understood, its as big as Classical music is to Europe with the same situation that many differant cultures and languages , established certain laws of music for their expresion.
And, for example, I brought in a San healer talking about trance and getting in touch with the spirit world through dance and chanting. Lots of other cultures in the world use trance and try to get in touch wth the spirit world with music and prayer, but, its the unique way that these various people in pre colonial Africa do it, with specific principles of groove and dance , duple / triple meter, call responce. And, in the Afro diaspora you have varius religious rites like Candomble, Santera, Voodoo that go after these same principles because they brought them from pre colonial Africa. There is a specific way and concept these pre colonial Africans were in touch with that was unique to them and was its gift to the world.
And I can bring this concept in from East Africa, West Africa, South Africa, and its traces that were up in North Africa but you can hear he Arab influence in there which does change the paramater..
I welcome this diolougue…Sam Ill anwer you in the next post
Sam, your experiances and insights are always welcome, I would never deny your experiances, I only say it seems there are also other people who have their experiances…we can only put it together and try to get some kind of bigger picture. Of course, many things you all have said, about varying cultures, I know and beleive also. But, I need definitions to get at the root of describing these cultural properties , that are extremly blatent to me…
Ha, I kind of meant in a thread about 13,000 years, the 60’s or so is pretty recent…Fela is great, I saw Hugh Masakela in the 60’s ( I have to post this, my computor is gliching and Ill fix it and continue)
Sam, interesting point you make about classical music…Im not even a huge afficiando, but, I think if there was anything about Europe in the 17 century and 18th century compared to looking at the wars, the migrations, the foods, etc, to understand the soul of the people , it would be to hear Mozart, Bheetoven, Bach.etc…their gift of vision of harmony is something that has lasted and lasted and even ite principles carried over into Afro diasporic concepts like jazz and samba and Cuban music , even though its the slave to the groove of those idioms….and that is also what you could say that I would want to reject about them and reflective of this methodical Western way of expressing music or ife, where every note is written out and there is no groove to build off of and go into intuition and turn the thinking brain off…feeling , yes…turning off the tinking brain, no, pre colonial African music is the most profound at uncovering that to go into an alpha state…
Im glad you said it wasnt popular, because Im not saying these pre colonial African concepts are done by all of Africa and are pretty much regulated to folklorico groups in each of the countries like Gana and Nigeria , Kenya etc,or , actualy out in the bush, I have freinds who went into the bush to hear the roots of these principles…
Depth is never popular…I guarentee you, those harmonic insights have outlasted so much else that has been forgotten from those periods and these pre colonial African concepts have lasted well into our age and virtualy dominated the popular cultures that slaves were brought over from Africa…isnt that really deep?Unfortunatly, the West only uses it for their entertainment, they really dont have an idea how to tap into its full power , except people like MIles Davis and John Coltrane , or Estacao Primeiro de Mangueira
on Wed Aug 8th 2012 at 15:12:29 B. R.
http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20070817150136AAYBEqH
Here is an interesting thread where people are debating about whether Ethiopians could be considered black
As i suspected, there are Africans and Ethiopians on both sides of the argument
on Wed Aug 8th 2012 at 15:25:02 phoebeprunelle
@B.R.
About that Ethiopian thing:
It always makes me lol! Most of the the Ethiopians who are debating their blackness are those that live in Addis. It has to do with where they were educated cause lots of them go to Italy or Germany to university and then go back home. It also has to do with Arab influence on some Ethiopians, but most of the ones I know consider themselves black; their problem is mainly ethnocentrisms (if that’s a word) where they can be very cliquish about religion and ethnicity. I have heard many an Ethiopian say “we all black” so why the fighting? lol.
Just my experience.
I thought what was interesting about it was there were differant points of veiw that some represented the differant opinions on here, and that is in Ethiopia , which is on the cusp of the Nilo Sahara and Arab mixes…….
I actualy dont know how that came in, I wrote it but decided not to send it, but, when I left the thread, I guess it went through
Roxanne, Im trying to use the words you reccomended ” pre colonial Africa”.
Do you really think that implies the Arab and Islamic aspects also ? It sounds more like it refers to the recent colonisers, which wouldnt even include the European slave trade since they didnt colonise Africa, they were buying slaves for their colonies in the Americas… ….or , what do you think about that? Are you considering the Arabs colonisers also ?
on Wed Aug 8th 2012 at 19:45:54 Tyrone
If you’re black, you’re black. What’s the point of beating yourself up for having kinky hair and brown skin, Seriously? If being black is so bad, those in question should drive to the nearest Home Depot and purchase 2 buckets of white or yellow paint, and “Get It Poppin.” All the ills that plague us as a race today, and we’re arguing about whether or not we should identify as african, african-american, negro, colored, and so forth? Have black folk ever heard of “The Chocolate Rainbow?” We come in many shades, facial features, hair textures, physiques…All Of The Above! Come on black people, it’s 2012!!!
Be who you are, not someone else. This goes for all races. However, that’s not how racial identity works. I don’t see this paranoia with other races, only black people. We have to un-black ourselves to get along with others, which i’ve never understood. Black people are seen as a “Gift Horse” in the eyes of others.
if being black is so bad, those in question should drive to the nearest Home Depot and purchase 2 buckets of white or yellow paint, and “Get It Poppin.”
Yet no one bothers to question why people still identify as white. *shrugs*
We have to un-black ourselves to get along with others, which i’ve never understood.
Or not be accused of being devisive and or a “race” man or woman.
@Phoebe
I’m not the only one that has noticed this mindset among other races. It’s okay for whites, asians, and native-americans to be who they are, but not black people. We have to de-emphasize the fact that we are different from the others. As i’ve said many times on this blog, if others are not happy with themselves, it’s not our problem to worry about. It goes back to the old saying…misery loves company. If we can’t be black, black people shouldn’t be equally happy to be so at the same time. I understand the desire of others to be “African.” That’s what all of this insanity is about, but, folk can’t turn oil into water and water into champagne…Not Possible! On the surface, this may seem trivial, but it’s not. Blackmen are killing other black people on this planet because they don’t see them as black like them, instead, they call them human. That’s the dangerous aspect of this issue that we run away from as a race. Phoebe, all of us are inter-dependent as black people. What i do as one blackman alone can positively or negatively affect the race as a whole…Connectivity! I don’t have to know you personally, live in the same country, speak the same language, etc. But, if i strap a bomb-belt around my waist and kill dozens of black folk in Nigeria, it will affect all of us. This is why we have to fight the temptation to see ourselves as less than black. No matter how much we disagree about this or that, i love you enuf to not do bodily harm to you and others. Blackness is 24/7365
Phoebe, all of us are inter-dependent as black people. What i do as one blackman alone can positively or negatively affect the race as a whole…Connectivity! I don’t have to know you personally, live in the same country, speak the same language, etc.
Tyrone, you’re a gem! I have been saying this for years.
@Tyrone.. i think you misinterpreted my two earlier posts–We are saying the same thing.
(http://newsrescue.com/ancient-200000bc-human-metropolis-found-in-africa/#ixzz1yAAZ90QS)
Great information from Bulanik, and to just add to that, I got this link from the site of regular poster here, Kwamla, about an ancient civilisation much older than we can imagine who were involved, according to this link, in digging for gold and trading….the evidence is very powerful and the ramifications are incredible if the dates are correct
on Thu Aug 9th 2012 at 00:57:49 Eurasian Sensation
The Sahara WAS a barrier, but the extent of it was different at different times.
The “Green Sahara” period, when there was greater moisture and much of the area became savannah, was from about 7000BC until 3000BC. It was in this window that cattle and goat herding most likely entered Africa from the Middle East; herding is thought to have reached the southern tip of Africa 2000 years ago via the Khoikhoi.
It is likely that the spread of the Afro-Asiatic language family also occurred in this time, with pastoralism the likely catalyst.
But outside that window (and several other windows that occurred earlier in prehistory), the Sahara was mostly desert and reduced exchanges between north and south to low levels. Clearly there would have been black Africans north of the Sahara, but their numbers were probably not great. Caucasian-type hunter-gatherers (the ancestors of the Berbers) are also known to have been living along the coast of Northern Africa for at least 12,000 years. Even with a Green Sahara, spread of hunter-gatherer populations is limited. They do not expand rapidly in the way farmers or pastoralists do, because the H-G lifestyle can only support a small population. Range further afield and H-Gs would come into conflict with other H-G groups. So the two populations would have moved north and south, but only to some extent, limited by the terrain (in the periods of Sahara desert) or the presence of other tribes and the carrying capacity of the land during the Green Sahara phase.
The main exception to this is of course the Nile Valley, which remained fertile, and allowed genes and culture to still be exchanged in both directions. The trans-Saharan trade network is also limited by the willingness of people to undertake such arduous journeys; but also there was probably a gap of 2-3000 years between the Sahara drying up and the use of the camel as a domesticated animal in the region.
Pastoralism, and later farming, resulted in greater population growth, and thus the spread of genes and culture across north and east Africa. But this could only happen at certain times, in certain places and in certain directions, due to the environmental restrictions.
So I think it’s clear that sub-Saharan Africa was hampered to a large extent by its location. It is no surprise that Ethiopia, at the end of the Nile, historically has a lot more genetic and cultural influence from the “white” world than, say, Nigeria.
on Thu Aug 9th 2012 at 01:01:08 Herneith
http://www.amazon.com/Black-Genesis-Prehistoric-Origins-Ancient/dp/159143114X
on Thu Aug 9th 2012 at 11:13:58 Dahoman X
@ Eurasian Sensation
The Sahara WAS a barrier
This commonly held belief is consistently invalidated by African history. From the fall of ancient Egypt to the advent of the transatlantic slave trade, all the states which dominated this part of the continent were built around the transaharan trade: Ghana, Mali, Songhai, Kanem Bornu, etc…. Interactions through Sahara were not sporadic/limited but constant and of large scale. They are abundantly documented (both by written and oral tradition) and confirmed by obvious cultural influences.
For ages, the Sahara has been portrayed as an ‘empty-quarter’ where only nomads on their spiteful camels dare to tread. Colonial ethnographic templates reinforced perceptions about the Sahara as a ‘natural’ boundary between the North and the rest of Africa, separating ‘White’ and ‘Black’ Africa and, by extension, ‘Arabs’ and ‘Berbers’ from ‘Africans’. Consequently, very few scholars have ventured into the Sahara despite the overwhelming historical evidence pointing to the interactions, interdependencies and shared histories of neighbouring African countries. By transcending the artificial ‘Saharan frontier’, it is easy to see that the Sahara has always been a hybrid space of cross-cultural interactions marked by continuous flows of peoples, ideas and goods.
Click to access Writing%20Trans-Saharan%20History.pdf
A simple question: if the exchanges were so limited, how does one account for the scope of North african influences obvious throughout the sahelian cultures?
The trans-Saharan trade network is also limited by the willingness of people to undertake such arduous journeys
Another myth which is contradicted by facts.
I live in northern Benin (well, actually the center, but here the cultural north encompasses about 2 thirds of the country. Don’t ask.) This part of the country is culturally closer to our Northern neighbor, Niger, than from the southern part of the country (where I’m from). Up to this day, and despite better roads and a railroad linking my town to the capital in the South, the circulation between our town and Niger remains more “natural” than with the South. I actually know several people who walked from Northern Niger to here.
on Thu Aug 9th 2012 at 11:36:45 B. R.
Dahoman X , as a person who lives in Benin , what do you think of what Im saying that there are pre colonial, pre Arab, Islamic , European, Christian, cultural ties in certain concepts of music, drum/dance, to be found mostly in West, East and South Africa, that while not being the same ( very important to note im not saying its the same dances , the same beats, Im saying that the conceps have something in common ), have a conceptual connection that is not the same as the Arab or European influences (which I have demonstrated in various youtubes above) ?
Your history fits a narrative of White Saviours and Helpless Darkies. That does not disprove it, of course, but it does make it suspect.
Even Diamond would disagree with you:
1. The main southern barrier for Afroasiatics was not the Sahara but the summer rains south of it where their plants do not work.
2. From #1 we can tell that agriculture between the Sahara and the equator is native. It does not come from the Middle East.
3. The main thing that delayed Africa south of the equator from taking part in the agricultural revolution was not the Sahara (see #2) but the lack of native plants and animals that could be domesticated in that part of the continent.
what do you think of what Im saying that there are pre colonial, pre Arab, Islamic , European, Christian, cultural ties in certain concepts of music, drum/dance, to be found mostly in West, East and South Africa
Music is not my field of expertise, and I’m not trained in ethnology either, so I can only give you my subjective opinion.
I believe there is a fundamental unity between African cultures, not only in music but in each aspect of our cultures: philosophy, religion, systems of value, etc… This is not to say we are a monolithic bunch, but that there are a number of common denominators upon which each of our cultures builds its own expression, according to its own distinct character and circumstances.
on Thu Aug 9th 2012 at 13:37:13 resjan
The Sahara was only a barrier to Europeans. Africans have lived in the Sahara continuously for millenia, and I have proof. First there are hundreds of rock paintings in the Sahara that date beyond 5000 BC.
Even Herodotus(c. 450 BC) told of several different peoples living in the Sahara: Ammonians, Nasamonian, Garamantians, Atarantians, Maxyan, Zavecians, and Gyzantians.
And we have historical evidence that Africans populated the ENTIRE length of the Nile, as told by Diodorus (c. 50 BC):
“There are also numerous other Aithiopian tribes; some live along both sides of
the river NILE and on the islands in the river, others dwell in the regions that border on Arabia, others again have settled in the interior of Libya . The majority of these tribes, in particular those who live along the river, have BLACK skin, snub-nosed faces, and CURLY hair”
Given all these historic accounts, how is it that so many whites say that the Sahara was a barrier for Africans? what proof do you have?
Thanks, Dahoman X, for your answer…I like how you tie in these other aspects, I always felt that music was only the tip of the whole picture, yet, a very revealing part of that picture
You have no evidence to prove Europeans were in Africa prior to the Cyrenians. I don’t know why whites say 12,000 BC or 30,000 BC…where’s the proof?
Ethiopians were not influenced by Europeans, it was the exact opposite. It is the only African country that was never colonized by Europeans. Ancient Ethiopia, which encompassed a much larger area than modern Ethiopia, actually colonized both Europe and Asia.
Homer (c 800 BC) said Ethiopians ruled Arabia and Troy: “Eos (Dawn) first saw him, she fell in love with him and brought him to her palace by the stream of Ocean in Ethiopia. They had two children, Memmon and Emathion. Emathion became a king of Arabia…Memmon took a force of Ethiopians to Troy and died while fighting the Greeks”
The bible (c. 675 BC) says thanks to “Tirhakah [Taharka] king of Ethiopia” “Jerusalem shall not be delivered into the hand of the king of Assyria.”
Diodorus (c. 50 BC) said: “Osiris being come to the borders of Ethiopia, raised high banks on either side of the river…Thence he passed through Arabia, bordering upon the Red sea as far as to India, and the utmost coasts that were inhabited; he built likewise many cities in India, one of which he called Nysa”
Strabo (c. 50 BC) said: ” However, Sesostris, the Egyptian, he adds, and Tearco [Taharka] the Aethiopian advanced as far as Europe
Stephanus (c. 700 AD), “Ethiopia was the first established country on earth; and the Ethiopians were the first to set up the worship of the gods and to establish laws.”
What evidence do you have to the contrary?
on Fri Aug 10th 2012 at 02:34:41 Franklin
Oh man. The Kurukan Fuga. Imagine the amount of Western knee-jerking over Britain not creating the first Human Rights Bill, if they (Malian scholars) somehow find that manuscript in the thousands that are still untranslated.
on Fri Aug 10th 2012 at 04:46:18 Fiamma
Wasn’t “Aethiopia” used mostly in reference to Black Africa in general or sometimes to Kush, but not actually to ancient Abyssinia?
on Fri Aug 10th 2012 at 11:00:42 B. R.
(http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZEdvPjqqAlI&feature=related)
This is precious, it looks like a cerimony for pregnant women
I cant tell if the woman is playing a wood drum or something plastic, but, this has to be something from an older custom
heck, i played that groove on a gig the other night, it was a rumba
which is just unbeleivable connectable truth of the origins of certain principles of music….that come out of Africa…did the pygmies get this from the migratorial people or did they have some of this concept before?
(http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YhE3p9D_8XY&feature=related)
This is some of what ancient Africa looks like and sounds like.This is the Africa before Arab . European, Chritianity or Islam
Words sometimes just dont do justice to what ancient Africa was about….it also talks about bartering with the “tall people”
It is a mystery how groups really influenced each other, but, they did .
(http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rR40OIjNvFA&feature=relmfu)
(http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l7tYE2DZsU4&feature=related)
(http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xf1fgCe0Aig&feature=related)
(http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0T1SI4-VmcM)
The first three youtubes dont even have drums , but, they all have similar concepts as the last youtube which are the Zulu, who are using drums.Notice the very similar steps with their legs and feet.This is slightly differant from dances you would find in central and west and east Africa, yet they have similar groove concepts
All are tied in by similar rhythm concepts, repeated call responce pretty much duple triple meter . I have seen some San beat cadences that go into 5 beats or even more complicated, which just makes my point that each differant culture has things unique to themselves, but , in other expresions , they are tied with other peoples expresions in Africa , by a similar concept.
(http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LahtV_4YGOk&feature=related)
Just so we can see a contrast of ancient culture , and dark skinned people from Papua New Guinea, and how it really is a differant aproach from the African concepts I am brining in…notice how they change the beat in mid tempo, and go back and forth with it…the African clips I bring in drill the groove into the ground from beginning to end…and. the most unbeleivable thing, is being able to see how the roots of some of the ancient pre colonial African cultures I bring in are the origins of many dance and grooves in the Afro diasporic Americas, like Rumba, Cha cha cha, Gua Gua Co, Samba, Funk, Jazz, Hip Hop, Maracatu, Bloco Afro, Candomble, Santera, Voodoo, etc etc
….just to make it clear, you can find many ancient cultures that use beats, trance, dancing, but, its exactly how it is used in the ancient pre colonial, pre Arab pre European Africa,
And they are powerful and nothing short of genius
Who ever started layering one rhythm over another in pollyrhythmic , call responce , syncopated beats and grooves with dances taylor made to go with them , were mathamatical visionaries , with incredible concepts of how to get in touch with the human spirit and the intuition and turn off the thinking brain
on Fri Aug 10th 2012 at 14:15:34 Roxanne
@Tyron Why are you so offended by Africans proudly stating where they are from, their ethnic identity (tribe/clan)? I find that very worrying on your part.
‘It’s okay for whites, asians, and native-americans to be who they are, but not black people’.
Notice how you said, asians and native american’s, not yellows and reds? If an African is an African that is EXACTLY who they are.
Do You KNOW who you are Tyron?
” I understand the desire of others to be “African.” That’s what all of this insanity is about”
Desire to be “African”. There ain’t no desire, you either Are African or you’re not. What’s with the quotation marks around Africa?
Let me take a wild guess, are you American?
Would you be happy if a Masai shed away his clothes, unlearned all of his customs, language and just sat there on mount Kilimanjaro with nothing mumbling ‘I’m only Black, I’m only Black, I’m only Black, I’m only Black.’
I am an African woman, East African to be exact, I speak Swahili, amongst other languages and I am proud of it. Do these words make you spit out bile in disgust? I have smooth brown dark skin, and I know that because my skin is rich in melanin I am also a black woman, many will see me as just that I know this. But you would prefer me and every other dark skinned African or African descended person to forget everything and just focus on a layer of skin. Would you like us to swap all our traditional garments and clothing and instead wear FUBU and Baby Phat? Or how about we swapped our traditional dances for the Electric Slide. Is that ‘Black’ enough for ya?
Do you believe that ‘Black’ history started with the transatlantic slave trade? that Africa didn’t have a rich history before Arab and European enslavement? That we were all sitting around, picking yellow Gloop out of our big toenails with no culture or ethnic identity until the white slavers came, and brought their inferior concept of us being ‘Just Blacks’. Notice I said JUST. Because when you’re ‘just black’ you are just a skin colour, what is your story? What is your language? What are your roots? There are Indians that are Black, Aborigines that are black, but they are not African (Not recently so). Being an African holds more weight and meaning than a single ‘colour’
Why do you fear the word ‘African’ Tyrone. If you say it five times in the mirror, I promise nothing ‘dark’ or Voodo-tastic will happen to you; it’s a safe word really. That Dark continent phase was just scare tactics.
Don’t get angry at Africans from the motherland for being proud of who we are. We have nothing to be ashamed of, all of mankind came through us! You are seriously starting to remind me of those outdated history books. I think you are the perfect candidate that seriously needs a trip around the motherland.
I never thought I’d see the day when I would agree with ‘Satanforce’, but early in this thread he said something about the ‘Black- American Gaze’ of Africa. I think that’s what you have Tyrone. If you as a Black American ONLY see yourself as ‘Black’. Good for you. If that label ALONE makes you feel whole and satisfied. Then so be it.
By the sounds of it, you could do with learning and appreciating the diversity of Africa. I would buy you an ‘Around Africa’ plane ticket because, but unfortunately the recession has hit my finances kinda hard..
on Fri Aug 10th 2012 at 14:25:47 resjan
It depends when you are talking about. The ancient Greeks, especially Herodotus, used “Aithiopia” to refer specifically to an organized country south of Egypt and the Thebaid.
“After forty days journey on land along the river [Nile], one takes another boat and in twelve days reaches a big city named Meroe, said to be the capital city of the Ethiopians”
Obviously, Ethiopia to the Greeks was synonymous with “Nubia” or “Kush” c. 450 BC
Herodotus also indicated that Ethiopia was a colonial empire:
“Ammonians who are a joint colony of Egyptians and Ethiopians, speaking a language between the two…”
Libya was initially the term for West Africa, and the Greeks mistakenly believed the Nile eventually flowed west (which of course was confused with the Niger River).
Not sure when, if ever, Ethiopia was synonymous with all Africa.
on Fri Aug 10th 2012 at 14:31:48 Eurasian Sensation
That statement says more about how you interpret history than how I do.
I think it’s beyond dispute that the Middle East was ahead of both Europe and Sub-Saharan Africa in terms of plant and animal domestication, and also the technological and cultural advances that accompany those things.
West Africa did develop agriculture independently (something Europe never did). But the drying up of the Sahara would have reduced the extent to which Middle Eastern innovations could flow to Africa. Perhaps my use of the term “barrier” sounds absolute; impediment is more correct a term. In any case, Europeans was blessed with a location from where they could absorb more readily from the Middle East than SS Africa.
I personally make no apologies about saying that black Africa was not as advanced technologically as certain other regions. What I am not saying for a second though, is that black Africans are any worse, or less intelligent or whatever because of it. In fact, I think Afrocentrists who are obsessed with claiming Egypt and whatever else as black (as opposed to brown or beige, for instance) fall into this trap. Whatever colour the Egyptians were makes absolutely no difference to how awesome one should believe black people to be. That anyone of the West African diaspora should tie their self esteem to the achievements of Egypt or Ethiopia is ridiculous IMO. The fact that Europeans and East Asians achieved a higher level of technological development is primarily due to luck, just as Diamond says.
“…as I said before upthread, but you may not have seen those earlier comments…”
I can’t really follow anything on this thread because every other post is B.R. talking to himself about intangible musical genius.
@ resjan:
“Ethiopians were not influenced by Europeans, it was the exact opposite.” I didn’t even say they were, but whatever. Ethiopian culture was influenced by the Middle East, and vice versa. Part of their genetic makeup is Caucasian (for want of a better term).
Re: “white” people along the northern coast of Africa.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capsian_culture
They were only black if you believe in the one-drop rule.
There are of course more rigorous sources than Wikipedia, but I really can’t be bothered.
Regarding “Pre-colonial Africa”, yes that does also include Africa prior to Arab invasion.
There are of course modern traditions and customs that are Arab or Euro influenced but have been ingrained as part of the African culture. Such as ways of worship that have been influenced by the imported religions of Christainity ans Islam. I think the great thing about Africans is the ability to make these foreign exports our own. Like for example, with Christianity, If you went to a typical Nigerian church, it would be very different to a church you’ll find in Buckinghamshire in England; even though it was the English missionaries that brought that same branch of Christianity to Nigeria. The hymns may be the same, but the dances, additional beats, dress code and vibe of the Nigerian church would be very ‘African’ in it’s essence. That ‘Africaness’ which I speak of existed prior to Arab and European interaction.
I’m not sure what you meant by this paragraph because I think it is basic knowledge that Europeans, Western Europe specifically DID colonise almost all of Africa, That’s why there are yearly celebrations of ‘Independence’ days. Heck, Britain even waited as recently as 1980 to give Zimbabwe independence!! (Rhodesia is a dirty word in my household).
So although, the European slave traders themselves may have not ventured further than the coastal towns and settled into mainland Africa, they set the ball rolling for the ’empires’ of western Europe to force their way in and take over.
Yes, I would most definitely consider the Arabs colonisers. To me personally, their enslavement and invasions in Africa (past and present) is just as important to remember as the more recent European ones.
So to answer your question, yes, regarding ‘precolonial Africa’ I would consider that Africa before European AND Arab invasions
I keep saying telling myself to make my last comment on this thread, but then I read something and I get sucked right back in!!! lol
Oh well, Eurasion sensation, another person frivilising the genius of pre colonial Africa..and, implicated that black Africans arnt as advanced back then so they couldnt have contributed anything…..!!!????
You have to be kidding….by way of European slavey, that black culture was ripped from Africa, and even though they tried to suffocate it, bury it and kill it off, that culture absolutly dominated the culture there in the Americas, and guess what, the whole world, even where you are sucking off all that black culture in the Americas right now ( you do know what cha cha, samba, funk etc is, right? I dont know any Aurstalian cultural musical contributions that are that well known right now)..you better get for real there …I guess that means nothing to people like him…..just take it all out of your life and see where you all would be…let alone the fact that the world could learn a whole whole lot about the philosophy and how to get in touch with the intuition and feeling ( you know ,like that old James Brown song ” I got the feeling…”, ) to learn how to live better in this world…oh, but you go on back , Eurasion sensation, and read your books and think you are getting what happened back then
not to mention the Dogon were advanced in astrology as far back as the Egyptions or more
Look people, you cant look at ancient Africa without understanding a big part of it is dance / drum ….
The problems with reading words is, every one starts making up make beleive ideas of what ancient africans were like…sorry to burst your bubbles, they have a lot to do with the music dance clips im bringing in
I beg to differ. What you fail to understand is that Ethiopians colonised the Middle East thousands of years ago. I don’t remember the Middle East ever colonising Ethiopia. If so, please alert me to your historical evidence (I already presented SOME of mine).Yes, Muhammed sought refuge in Ethiopia, but neither he nor any Arabian ever colonized it.
Ethiopia is a very diverse country, and the majority of indigenous Ethiopians,like the Hamer, Gurage, Afar, Oromo, etc. are not partly “Caucasian” (a 18th century, unscientific term invented by a racist based on a theory of classification of how beautiful he believed people were).
The “Caspian culture” article you referenced strongly suggests the African origins of the Caspian culture. One dead giveaway was the widespread use of “ostrich eggshells”. Ostriches are a “sub-Saharan” species. Also, N. African cave paintings that date to that era show dark brown people with some white animals (proving that they could have portrayed themselves with pale skin if they wanted to). Furthermore, the cranial measurements of the ancient Caspians do not fit the “caucasoid” classification (btw I don’t believe cranial classifications are a legitimate way of determining race), so new race names were invented by racist anthropologists to describe them. So, sorry, that’s not evidence of any prehistoric European presence in Africa. If you could somehow prove that the “Caspians” were paedophiles or zoophiles, then we might believe you.
Roxanne, thanks for your clarification….I will continue trying to use that terminology, even if i sometimes slip back in to the old terminology
I know what you mean about how Africans can make it their own, Its very important for me to concentrate on the cultures ive been tying together with out the Arab, Christian, European, and Islam , because, when you mix them, something gets lost from the original culture, which has these specific properties Im talking about . There are too many rules and restrictions and desire to bury the original concepts by the people who are trying to impose these outside influences on Africa.
I have to thank Dahoman X for at least admitting he is not an ethno musicologist, and I think he knows somewhat about what Im talking about, but, I really dont think its getting through here to everyone….Im not even an ethno musicologist, Im a decades old profesional musician who made a choice about what concepts are the most powerful for me and have put huge amounts of time in my life discovering what those concept are and trying to define them, something the sholars dont do, except maybe Dr Ani
And ive been in the precence of the highest leval of some of these practiicionors in cultureal centers in New York and then went to llive 25 years in a country that has the highest African population of any country in Africa except Nigeria ( or Afro descendant if you want to get technical), to really get gigantic insights to these concepts and the roots and origins and how they manifested in the Americas , that affects most all of us today…the whole world is revebrating to these concepts
Dont ever frivilise them…..ever
It’s the same with the Benin Empire. They were falsely branded as being “massive slave traders”, despite the fact that they had no need for the money gained, because they were already wealthy due to their own healthy economy. Eresoyen, who was the 61st Oba (king) in 1735, was shot at by a Dutch slave merchant named Willem Hogg, because he refused to help him recapture the blacks that sought refuge in Benin City.
http://www.edoworld.net/Edo_Warrior_Kingdom_Opposed_Atlantic_Slave_Trade.html
on Fri Aug 10th 2012 at 21:39:28 Satanforce
No, I am interested to know more about what is rarely mentioned about Africa’s past. For example, the letter from Mani-Congo, the ruler of a Congo state, who wrote this letter to King John III of Portugal in 1526:
That looks like it was taken from the excellent ‘King Leopold’s Ghost’, required reading for any educated layman interested in in Africa. There are also several good books about pre-Colonial Akan Empire on archive.org. I’ll make a Listmania on Amazon, and probably make short Abagond style reviews on my blog.
on Fri Aug 10th 2012 at 23:24:17 Dahoman X
I have to thank Dahoman X for at least admitting he is not an ethno musicologist, and I think he knows somewhat about what Im talking about
Actually, I’d be quite interested in hearing an ethno musicologist’s take on this. It is fascinating how music remains as central in diasporic African communities as it is on the Continent.
What about the Africans involved in the trade….
I.M.O., there is no continuity between the traditional forms of servitude and the transatlantic slave trade. They are 2 different things.
The kingdom of Dahomey, in the southern part of my country, was one of the main providers of the transatlantic slave trade. Slavery in Dahomey was basically a monopoly of the King and the European traders. To the point that the Dahomean official in charge of the slave trade was called Yovogan (literally “chief of the Whites” in fongbe).
on Sat Aug 11th 2012 at 01:48:35 Eurasian Sensation
I’m not belittling African culture, I’m just complaining that every other post on this thread is you talking about it to no one in particular. 5, 6 posts in a row… come on, man.
If I show you scientific evidence, you might just tell me it comes from white scientists and is not to be trusted. Thus it’s pointless to argue with you, really.
Btw, your citing ostrich eggs doesn’t prove that whoever was using them was black or otherwise.
Regarding “Caucasian”, I agree it’s an outdated term, but at least we know what it implies. I can use “West Eurasian” if you like. In any case, there is clear evidence of West Eurasian back-migration and genetic input in NE Africa. It’s not coincidence that out of all the people in Africa, those from the Horn look most like the people from the Middle East, which happens to be next door. Especially given the early development of farming and herding in the Middle East, which is obviously going to lead to population dispersal into nearby areas, including N and NE Africa. Do you really think that with the sudden increase in population in the Fertile Crescent caused by farming, none of those people are going to venture into Africa?
Many of the languages of Ethiopia (Amharic, Tigre, Gurage) stem from a migration from South Arabia about 2800 years ago. Look it up.
Likewise in N Africa, the Berbers are a mix of phenotypes, but many of them could pass for European. Zinedine Zidane the soccer player is a good example. They have a history in Africa that pre-dates the Arabs and Cyrene.
I’ve never said there were no black people in the very north of Africa. But there were clearly non-black people there too, for thousands of years. The cultures that developed there probably had elements of both; however, climate and terrain make it easier for people to move along the northern coast than across the desert.
on Sat Aug 11th 2012 at 02:11:38 Dahoman X
how did the King achieve this monopoly with the European traders?
It is assumed that Dahomey engaged in slave trade after 1727, when it invaded the then independent port of Ouidah. According to historian I. Akinjogbin, in the early years of its contact with Europeans the kingdom was reluctant to slavery (this is contested by other historians, tough).
I will try and find more details about how the whole thing was organized.
And what was the lasting impact of the Trade with Europeans on Dahomey?
It became crucial to its economy and its politics, as it was the main source of acquisition of european-made firearms. The kingdom was a military-oriented state whose kings had an obligation to increase their territory. Also, Dahomey was then a vassal of the Yoruba kingdom of Oyo and getting rid of this tutelage was kind of an obsession for the kings of Agbome. Independence was eventually achieved under King Ghezo in early 19th century.
The trade also provided tobacco, alcohol, cloths and luxury goods which were used in ceremonies and sacrifices organized in the capital.
One can imagine that the continuous military campaigns must have created a very chaotic environment.
Regarding the consequences of the slave trade at the continental level, one the best assessments IMO has been done by Louise- Marie Diop-Maes in her work on the evolution of the African demography between the 8th and 20th century:
rechearchers endeavoured to study the effects of the different slavery trades, and, more particularly within Black Africa itself. According to last the clarifications 22 to 26 million individuals at least, have left Subsaharian Africa in between 1550 to 1900 , either across The Atlantic (for more than half of them) , or across Sahara, The Red Sea and The Indian Ocean .But the losses are far from reflecting the whole of the demographicic effects on the large subsaharian triangle. Even before, the settling up of the slavery trade on a large scale, the Portugueses, the Arabs and Moroccans (1591) provoked many killed and mass destructions. This point is too often forgotten.During the following decades, ” The economic context of slave trade has greatly determined the bursting out of internal conflicts and civil wars, as well as the multiplication of country people’s fleecing “. Which is what C.BECKER and V.MARTIN observed in Senegambia.
The rich towns on the Eastern coast, which remains are still visible , have been destructed, Mozambic and Zambezia, have been ruined, as well as Kongo, Angola, and by other means , the loop of the Niger. The ancient kingdoms and the Empires broke up. Slave trade caused at the same period many shifts in population which did not take place without clashes.During about three centuries , by force of circumstances, nearly all the kingdoms, reduced to the size of principalities, accumulated slaver prisoners of war to be given in exchange with firearms and diverse European or Arabic goods. In Congo, in Dahomey, in Senegal, some kings tried to rebel against slave exportation, but it was in vain. The system was the strongest. The percentage of slaves in the population became enormous (nearly half of it). ” The birth rate of a servile population is often low “ [68][69]. The slaves were distributed among marketplaces, slaveries,slave/reserve villages, under the prince’s authority and lastly notables and individuals.C.BECKER notes in Senegambia the depopulation of the border regions in between the kingdoms; these areas are reconquered by the bush or the forest ” although they were densively populated areas “ [70].
Similar phenomenons are observed in almost all regions:(Fuuta Jallon, Benin,Oyo, Dahomey, (cf. the paper given by B.BARRY and that of J.E.INIKORI at the colloquium in Nantes). In Kongo and in Angola it was even worse.W.G.L.RANDLES reports, according to the Portuguese archives, that thousands of warriers were killed and a vast crowd of slaves were captured in Angola by the Portugueses themselves. The inland population, had ” seriously decreased “ because of the internal wars, of the plunders to capture slaves and the results of smallpox, as Manuel FERNANDES puts it himself (1670). The region of Ambacca had lost in 1782, the 2/3 of its inhabitants [71].
Indeed there has been the building up of new harbour-towns along the Atlantic coast, but also, at some certain variable distances around and specially inland, the emptying of people from plundering, burning down, and stealing, ” carrying away to slavery all those they possibly could “. The cultures, he writes, were abandonned, famine settled down for good. ” One witnessed a dreadfull decline of the Negro civilisation… the warrior becoming thereafter the unique master.
The Pax maliana was but a vague remembrance of the golden age of Sudan “.The villages settle on easily defendable but difficult to cultivate high points,autochthonous arts and crafts are withering so is the inter regional trade of local goods (which was, and we have proofs of it, very busy before).
http://www.ankhonline.com/revue/diop_lm_history_evolution_africa_population.htm
on Sat Aug 11th 2012 at 13:44:18 resjan
1.There is no evidence of Asian or European migration to Africa prior to 3000 BC. There is ample evidence of African migration to Europe and Asia as early as 60,000 BC to present. You don’t seem to comprehend that Arabisation of North Africa comes much much later in history.
For some genetic and historical background, see: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC379148/
It says “They observed a high degree of genetic homogeneity among the NW African Y chromosomes of Moroccan Arabs, Moroccan Berbers, and Saharawis, leading the authors to hypothesize that “the ARABIZATION and Islamization of NW Africa, starting during the 7th CENTURY AD”
Furthermore, “LITTLE is known of the origins of the indigenous population of the Maghrib, the Berbers, EXCEPT that they have always been a COMPOSITE people. After the 8th century CE, a process of ARABIZATION affected the BULK of the Berbers”
So Zidane, and most other so-called “berbers” have Arab ancestry (i.e. are NOT indigenous).
2. Semitic languages come from Africa. The oldest evidence of a Semitic script comes from the Nile river valley in southern Egypt (Wadi el-Hol), and the oldest evidence of a “South Arabian” script comes from pre-Axumite Ethiopia. They predate anything ever found in West Asia, FYI. There is also much much greater Semitic language diversity in Africa, which further supports the African origin of these languages.
Many historians, such as Herodotus (c. 450 BC), attested to the presence of ancient Ethiopians in Arabia: “But there are also a great many other tribes of the ETHIOPIANS, some of them dwelling in the land lying on both banks of the Nile and on the islands in the river, others inhabiting the neighbouring country of ARABIA…”
3. I pointed out the widespread use of ostrich eggshells to say it implies a “sub-saharan” origin of the “Caspians,” since ostriches are a “sub-saharan” species. I don’t recall saying anything about “black”. Again, there is no evidence to suggest Eurasians migrated to Africa anywhere near that period of time.
I understand your viewpoint. It’s the same one invented by racists in the late 1700s/ early 1800s to make Africa seem uncivilised and the Eurasians as the civilised. There is evidence of agriculture in Africa that is just as old as anything ever found in Asia, BTW, and domestication of cattle in Africa thousands of years before Asia.
Civilization along the Nile surpassed anything found anywhere else in the ancient world, as attested by historians around the ancient world:
“Concerning Egypt itself I shall extend my remarks to a great length, because there is no country that possesses so many wonders, nor any that has such a number of works which defy description. ” (Herodotus)
on Sun Aug 12th 2012 at 01:00:15 Eurasian Sensation
It’s ironic, we can hear people talk about the white-washing of black history, but you’ve just done the same thing by claiming the Berbers as all black. The link you posted says the Berbers were a COMPOSITE population; what the article implies is not clear, but I would read that as having more than just sub-Saharan ancestry.
Another way to read the data of that article, by the way, is that Berbers and Arabs have genetic similarities not just because Berbers were Arabized, but also because those who consider themselves Arabs today were once Berbers. Meaning that they became culturally Arab while still being genetically largely Berber. This happens commonly when a conquering elite imposes its culture on a subject people – an example is Sudan, where the Sudanese Arabs are still primarily Nubian/Nilotic – they are more culturally than genetically Arab. Turkey is another example – the people are genetically similar to Greeks but speak the language of the Central Asian Turks who conquered Anatolia.
Here’s a completely different interpretation of genetic data:
“Both Arabic and Berber-speaking populations live in Tunisia. Berbers are commonly considered as in situ descendants of peoples who settled roughly in Palaeolithic times, and posterior demographic events such as the arrival of the Neolithic, the Arab migrations, and the expulsion of the “Moors” from Spain, had a strong cultural influence. Nonetheless, the genetic structure and the population relationships of the ethnic groups living in Tunisia have been poorly assessed. In order to gain insight into the paternal genetic landscape and population structure, more than 40 Y-chromosome single nucleotide polymorphisms and 17 short tandem repeats were analyzed in five Tunisian ethnic groups (three Berber-speaking isolates, one Andalusian, and one Cosmopolitan Arab). The most common lineage was the North African haplogroup E-M81 (71%), being fixed in two Berber samples (Chenini–Douiret and Jradou), suggesting isolation and genetic drift. Differential levels of paternal gene flow from the Near East were detected in the Tunisian samples (J-M267 lineage over 30%); however, no major sub-Saharan African or European influence was found.”(http://dienekes.blogspot.com.au/2011/08/tunisian-y-chromsomes-and-mtdna.html)
“There is evidence of agriculture in Africa that is just as old as anything ever found in Asia, BTW, and domestication of cattle in Africa thousands of years before Asia.”
And I’m sure you can find links to it, and I’m sure I can find links to say otherwise. That’s the wonderful thing about the internet.
FWIW, independently developed agriculture is about 9000 years old in the Middle East, 8000 years old in China, and maybe 4000 years old in Africa, and about the same in the Americas. But you know what? It’s not a race. Whoever done it first doesn’t get a prize for being more clever.
“I understand your viewpoint. It’s the same one invented by racists in the late 1700s/ early 1800s to make Africa seem uncivilised and the Eurasians as the civilised.”
Just as your viewpoint is the one invented in the 20th century to make black African history seem more grandiose.
One thing you may not get about me – I’m just concerned with historical accuracy. I don’t have an agenda to make any race seem better or worse here. If it turns out that the ancient Berbers and Egyptians and Ethiopians WERE completely black African with no trace of Eurasian DNA, then that’s fine. It makes no difference to my life and doesn’t actually effect anything in this world. It wouldn’t make it any better or worse to be white, and it wouldn’t make it any better or worse to be black. However, it’s just not correct. I’m interested in the scientific perspective, which means trying to establish the truth. The Afrocentrist perspective is about trying to establish the truth only so long as it fits the narrative of African greatness.
The Afrocentrist perspective of claiming Ancient Egypt as an example of how great black civilization can be is actually just buying into the same twisted logic that white racists have: namely that a race’s worth can be measured by its capacity for advanced culture and technology. Here’s what I mean: Just say someone is Melanesian, from New Guinea. Now, Melanesians have never invented a civilisation on the scale of Ancient Egypt, and were not advanced as the kingdoms of West Africa. I don’t think they ever had writing until the 20th century. Does that mean that Melanesians are inferior to Europeans, Asians and Africans, because they didn’t invent these things? Hell no. Just because my ancestors did this or that doesn’t make me any better as a human being. Melanesian cultures, African cultures, European cultures – they are fine as they are without having to falsely inflate their achievements.
on Sun Aug 12th 2012 at 01:35:59 SomeGuy
If it turns out that the ancient Berbers and Egyptians and Ethiopians WERE completely black African with no trace of Eurasian DNA, then that’s fine.
I just wanted to quickly say this.
Even the father of the modern day Afrocentric movement, Chancellor Williams, admits in his book “The Destruction of Black Civilization” (which I own and have read several times) that the Egyptians were a people composed of Blacks and mulattoes who were Black Africans mixed with White Asiatic people of Upper Egypt. So, I really don’t see how anyone can claim Blacks within the movement say that the Egyptians were just Black Africans. Hell, even Dr. John Henrik Clarke says the Egyptians eventually became a mixed race over the thousands of years of it’s existence.
I think what is important is that the actual claim is that Egypt has it’s origins in so-called Black Africa; not that it was just Black or was always Black.
Personally, I care more about the advancement of Blacks NOW more than history, but thought I’d toss in my two cents.
on Sun Aug 12th 2012 at 02:02:02 phoebeprunelle
So, I really don’t see how anyone can claim Blacks within the movement say that the Egyptians were just Black Africans. Hell, even Dr. John Henrik Clarke says the Egyptians eventually became a mixed race over the thousands of years of it’s existence.
Yeah he did say this…but not before clarifying that Kemet had 10,000 years of all black dynasties and populations before any penetration of “others”. This was proven by Diop’s research and genetic testing of so called mummies.
You should also check out what Dr. Spencer Wells and Dr. Michael Bradley (both white scholars) have to say on the matter; if you haven’t already done so.Their theories are not entirely different than the “Afrocentrists”.
I think people have it twisted to say Ethiopians and Kemites–which were the same folk were “mixed”.
Like i said; Dr. Spencer Wells and Dr. Michael Bradley will tell you different–i mean since so many black people like to rely on white scholarship; anyway you don’t even have to take their word for it…the ancient Hippocrates had no problem giving credit where it is due…
The Afrocentrist perspective is about trying to establish the truth only so long as it fits the narrative of African greatness.
So what about the Eurocentrist’s perspective that causes them to lie, distort and manipulate certain truths out of history to fit their narratives of European/white greatness???
on Sun Aug 12th 2012 at 02:37:48 B. R.
Good points , Phebeprunelle …..
I see the things I brought in and see profoundness , genius, depth, and conceps that lead into today that affect places in the world , deeply..its extremly quantifiable and tangeble for me.
on Sun Aug 12th 2012 at 02:38:13 Cornlia
“black”, “white”, “mixed”, “race”, these are all recent concepts that are total anachronisms in an Ancient Egyptian context.
Why does everyone still want to rely on the theory of races to describe things. It is giving it to much importance.
I think it is a very American vision of things (from most Americans), nowadays, that tends to racialize anything and everything, thereby confusing facts and making it even more difficult to counteract racists. Unfortunately.
Yeah he did say this…but not before clarifying that Kemet had 10,000 years of all black dynasties and populations before any penetration of “others”.
Considering that Egyptian dynasties only lasted around 4,000 years, I don’t see how he could have possibly stated this. In fact, I’m fairly certain he didn’t. If you can quote that from his book, I will gladly retract my statement.
I’m only speaking in Afrocentric terms and I’m not saying if I agree or disagree with those terms.
I think you can most certainly apply modern day racial labels on any Human population. Aren’t they arbitrary classification to begin with anyway? Do I agree with doing that? It depends. Is there a benefit to doing so?
If I am an Islander who looks African (although Europeans are more related to Africans than Africans are to Islanders) and I go down to Mississippi and roam into Klan country, is that Klanman going to give two f*cks if I am an actual African or not? He’s going to see a Black face and that’s all there is to it. You can argue that racial classifications are bullsh*t, but as long as you can still get killed for being Black, you cannot simply dismiss them as being outdated. You cannot sit there and say “Why haven’t we gotten past this yet?”. We haven’t and, like it or not, race exists in the minds of men who can kill you.
Umm he doesn’t state it in his book, but in the film about his work and research “A Great and Mighty Walk”….you can look it up on youtube i am sure.
@ phoebebrunelle:
Of course this has happened in the course of history, and I am saying that the Afrocentrist perspective is guilty of exactly the same thing, just with a different colour attached.
It’s hard to have a reasoned debate with an impassioned Afrocentrist, because whatever scientific data is shown to them that refutes their argument, they can dismiss it with the comeback that whoever compiled that data is being “Eurocentric” and therefore cannot be trusted.
@ phoebeprunelle
I do want to say that I believe there were several major civilizations within and around Africa far before pre-recorded history; civilizations that were destroyed and left little to no records. I have no proof of these things, of course, but I still think there are things we will probably never know about the past.
@Someguy,
I perfectly understand, this is just debating to me :-)…
I agree with you on this point. However, there is no global Historical Authority and basically anyone with enough time and money can research anything and write a book. This goes for people who work for universities as well. So, history is not really something that is unified and the left hand can be doing something the right is completely unaware of.
This is the primary reason for my loss of interest in history. It’s far too easy to manufacture, obfuscate, and distort information. Also, as I’ve stated before, I really don’t think people learn from history any way. It’s used to be a nice way to pass the time; now it’s just irrelevant – to me anyhow.
There is also much much greater Semitic language diversity in Africa, which further supports the African origin of these languages.
That is easily explained by history; there is less language diversity in Arabia because the rise of Islam led to a more homogeneous linguistic and cultural identity in Arabia. Ethiopia’s Semitic languages are still around because the groups that speak them were more fragmented and were not assimilated by a cultural juggernaut like Arabic/Islamic culture.
Here is genetic data showing the mixed heritage of Ethiopians:
http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/2011/01/the-genetic-affinities-of-ethiopians/?utm_source=twitterfeed&utm_medium=twitter
on Sun Aug 12th 2012 at 04:45:05 resjan
1. It’s clear to me you are deliberately misconstruing my statements. I never said all berbers were black–not once. I simply pointed to a genetic study that suggests most modern so-called “berbers” along the NW African coast have significant Arab ancestry (and the blog you referenced does not refute this), due to the well known migration from Arabia that commenced in the 7th century AD. I also pointed out that there is no evidence of migration from Asia or Europe prior to 3000 BC, and you have yet to prove otherwise.
2. My viewpoint is shared by ancient historians whose own attestations I have presented to you, and supported by archaeological evidence. What you fail to realise about “Egypt” is that it began in the south by Africans:
Diodorus (c. 60 BC): “Osiris being come to the borders of Ethiopia, raised high banks on either side of the river, lest, in the time of its inundation it should overflow the country more than was convenient make it marish and boggy; and made flood-gates to let in the water by degrees, as far as was necessary. Thence he passed through Arabia, bordering upon the Red sea as far as to India, and the utmost coasts that were inhabited; he built likewise many cities in India, one of which he called Nysa”
Diodorus’ statement was made nearly 2000 years ago, not in the 20th century. So, if anyone is a revisionist it is you and the other racist historians with your viewpoint.
South of “Egypt” you will find plenty of archaeological evidence of the foundations of pre-dynastic culture. Here are some archaeological sites as evidence: Wadi Kubbaniya (http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/wadi/hd_wadi.htm — note the article states, “These sites demonstrate that the early inhabitants of the Nile valley and its nearby deserts had learned how to exploit local environments, developing economic strategies that were maintained in later cultural traditions of pharaonic Egypt.”), Jebel Sahaba, Wadi Halfa, etc.
I understand you are desperate to separate ancient “Egypt,” N. Africa, etc. from Africa and credit Asia and Europe when you have absolutely no evidence to do so. I never stated that Africans need Egypt to legitimise their intelligence or self-worth, I simply refuted your erroneous notions that ancient Egyptian and N. African civilisations came from Eurasia. All evidence points to their southern origins.
With regard to Ethiopians, I’ll try to be more clear this time: They were the first to colonise Arabia. Arabia never colonised Ethiopia. I am aware that Muhammed and others sought refuge in Ethiopia, as aforementioned.
The article you referenced suggests, “Ethiopians lack any of the other Middle Eastern components besides the one modal in Saudi Arabia” (it also points out that the Oromo, the largest ethnic group in Ethiopia are least Asiatic). Equally, most Arabians, particularly Yemenis, have “sub-saharan” African genes, and are closer genetically with Africans than western europeans:
http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2156/10/59/
All I’m arguing is that Ethiopians entered Arabia first, and much much much later, some Arabians sought refuge in Ethiopia, which can be proven. I’ll remind you that ancient historians like Herodotus contradict your theories:
“But there are also a great many other tribes of the ETHIOPIANS, some of them dwelling in the land lying on both banks of the Nile and on the islands in the river, others inhabiting the neighbouring country of ARABIA…”
As to Semitic languages, again, they originated in Africa….see the wadi el-hol inscription in southern egypt, or the pre-aksumite “south Arabian” script in Ethiopia, both of which predate anything found in West Asia.
You inferred that Berbers only look Caucasian because they mixed with the Arabs.
This article reiterates what I said earlier: that Arab-Islamic conquest was more cultural than genetic:
“Attested presence of Caucasian people in Northern Africa goes up to Paleolithic times. From the archaeological record it has been proposed that, as early as 45,000 years ago (ya), anatomically modern humans, most probably expanded the Aterian stone industry from the Maghrib into most of the Sahara [1]. More evolved skeletal remains indicate that 20,000 years later the Iberomaurusian makers, replaced the Aterian culture in the coastal Maghrib. Several hypothesis have been forwarded concerning the Iberomaurusian origin. They can be resumed in those which propose an arrival, from the East, either from the Near East or Eastern Africa, and those which point to west Mediterranean Europe, either from the Iberian Peninsula, across the Gibraltar Strait, or from Italy, via Sicily, as their most probable homeland [2]. Between 10,000 and 6,000 ya the Neolithic Capsian industry flourished farther inland. The historic penetration in the area of classical Mediterranean cultures, ending with the Islamic domination, supposed a strong cultural influx. However, it seems that the demic impact was not strong enough to modify the prehistoric genetic pool.”
(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC270091/)
Remember as well that a lot of the current sub-Saharan African presence in North Africa is the legacy of the slaves brought there by Arabs. Counter to the idea that the Arabs made North Africa more “white”, they may have actually made it more “black”.
Regarding Diodorus: aside from the obvious pinch of salt needed when taking the word of 2000 year old historians as fact… he’s talking about Osiris. A GOD.
I’m not trying to say Europeans had anything to do with Egypt. Egypt was indigenous African with influences from the Middle East. However, not all Africans are black. Ancient Egyptians were predominantly like modern Egyptians; Mediterranean/Middle Eastern types who had been in North Africa since the Paleolithic, with some Cushitic/Nilotic admixture which increased moving southward. The Coptic Christians of Egypt, who are the least Arabized in their country and whose liturgical language is descended from ancient Egyptian, fit that same description.
on Sun Aug 12th 2012 at 07:57:15 sam
@cornilia;
And in my mind, ok egyptians might have been this or that color, but I really do not care weather they were blue or green or purple, the main thing is this: they were africans. It was an african civilization. It was there when we guys in europe were not actually composing religious texts, debating politics, practising medicine with brain surgeries etc. what ever they were doing already then.
Debating about the color of their skin is kind of, well, american in a way. Who cares what was their skin color? Look at the africans now. Their skin color ranges from the pale berbers to the darkest in the planet BUT they are all africans.
For me it seem somehow strange that we, outsiders, still look at Africa as a Black continent, a Dark continent, this or that, and somehow refuse to realize that is is cotinent which is more diverse than whole Asia from Afganistan to Korea and Indonesia.
And guys, white guys, really… Old Egypt was african thing trough and trough. Yes, those pyramids and all those stuff, africans did them. Really. And ethiopians? Yes, they are also africans. That is a fact. And I don’t care about their skin colors, hues or shades, hair styles, lipstick colors, make ups, fashions, jewelries or none of that. They were and are all africans. Period.
That is why you have to look at the culture…and see where the real origins are….you can see the Islamic cultural ties, you can see the Christian cultural ties, the Arab influence, the European influence..
Take all that away and see what you have
The fact that the San and Pygmies are more phenotype similar to the other people next to them compared to the differant phenotypes you can find to the north, is less important that there are unified concepts to these diverse groups and real differances from others.
Culture trumps nationality also… I mean , lots of these countries have changed names and borders even recently…how can nationality be any way to judge who the people are also and identify themselves? Most of these borders are or were difined by colonisers also
“All Africans” doesnt satisfy me either, since I live on a continent that has the same thing, and, its very awkward to me to lump Brazil into a bunch of other countries with differant languages and cultures .But I can show you cultural similaritites in Afro diasporic religious rites from Candomble from Brazil, VooDoo from Haiti and Santera from Cuba
Hi Someguy,
You said (I don’t know how you guy manage to quote others here): I think you can most certainly apply modern day racial labels on any Human population. Aren’t they arbitrary classification to begin with anyway?
Can you re-read what you just wrote here ? Isn’t it totally contradictory ?
“Do I agree with doing that? It depends. Is there a benefit to doing so?
Of course, KKK members and racists are racist and believe in the BS. But should you ? Should you justify it by explaining thousands of years-old facts based on THEIR theory ? How will you then reject their assertions that Egyptian were white if you stand on the same a-scientific and anachronistic ground ?
WHERE did I imply what you put in my mouth : “Why haven’t we gotten past this yet ?” Nowhere and never. We are not on a KKK blog here. This is a blog that, it seems to me, tries to explain things with a scientific (in the sense that it tries to observe facts as they are) and therefore knowledgeable approach. Using the racists’ approach simply doesn’t work. There are African scholars who adopt the same stance, they consider a racist/racialist approach as alienating (which it is) and try to not use racial vocabulary to analyze African facts (even though it is difficult because racialism has penetrated all of our minds.
That doesn’t mean that they reject the fact that most people live in the illusion of race being a fact. But it is a belief and has no place in analyzing history that predates it by thousands of years.
even though I suggest that we do not use the racial references to analyze antiquity, I am not saying that I don’t care about the color of the people we are referring to. I simply think we should be very careful not to perpetuate race-ism by using it in a scientific/historical context.
I say very clearly that the Ancient Egyptian were dark-skinned people, like most of the inhabitants of Africa, some VERY dark-skinned, that doesn’t mean I have to rely on the theory of races.
It still bothers racists (which I like when it does), because they would like to be able to say “they were white”, or to sound more modern or scientific: “they were leucoderms”.
No, they weren’t, they weren’t green either, they were dark brown. What the theory of races assembled as one “race”, that they called black.
So I am very careful not to evacuate the fact of their dark skin. Do you see what I mean ?
@cornilia:
Yes, I agree completely. As a person who has been in Egypt for some time and who has seen a lot of drawings, pictures and paintings etc. of the acient egyptians I totally agree. I also am convinced that the more southern culture of Nile was the original birth place of the whole thing, Nubia that is, people whom egyptians presented in their paintings and drawings being as darker than themselves.
But the debate on the idea that Egypt was white/non black/black seems to override the one fact that, no matter what color of the skin the egyptians had at that time, they were africans. Period.
To conclude, I think that it is time we stopped giving racists the impression that they are “right”, because they are not.
Why then use their words, when we can describe things otherwise. Their words participate in the subjugation that is essential to the theory of races. There is no theory without the words. It’s quite simple. It doesn’t mean denying people their own actual skin color or darkness or lightness. It just takes away the manipulation that has been working so well for so many years, to the point that the very victim of that theory sometimes tend to claim it for themselves.
This is the things that racists hate the most: when you take away their essence. They die.
President Obama calls himself Black, but is really Mixed Race. Isn’t that totally contradictory? Semantics.
Of course, KKK members and racists are racist and believe in the BS. But should you ? Should you justify it by explaining thousands of years-old facts based on THEIR theory ?
I simply think we should be very careful not to perpetuate race-ism by using it in a scientific/historical context.
You are misunderstanding my intention. I am playing “devil’s advocate”.
No, when you take away their life they die.
@ Cornlia
Let me ask you this:
First, you say:
even though I suggest that we do not use the racial references to analyze antiquity, I am not saying that I don’t care about the color of the people we are referring to.
Can you explain this, because it sounds like you want to have your cake and eat it too. If you don’t believe in racial profiling, why should you care what color the Ancient Egyptians were? Do you want to ban the racial system or not? Do you wish for a color coded system, which is basically the same thing?
@Cornlia,
Yea, i gotta agree with Someguy on this one…
I’m not saying you don’t have a point but i think its faulty for us to assume that people in antiquity did not have a sense of how they looked in comparison to others… Sheba said it many times that she was “black” and comely–and was this not in ancient times?
Rememeber, Moses caught hell for marrying a dark skinned black chick–yes?
on Sun Aug 12th 2012 at 16:01:03 Origin
Exactly. They were indigenous African people and many aspects of their culture testify to that. Skin colour is barely relevant since Africans possess a range of hues just as Europeans do. Your average Scandinavian is much fairer than Mediterranean types and there is variation even within a given geographical location. The Aegean and Italian peninsulas are unquestionably European but racism can separate an ancient region that’s smack-dab in contiguous continental Africa from its Africanness. That’s the “exceptional negro” phenomenon on steroids. It is truly remarkable that so many people (black and white) accept such nonsense without question. “The matrix”.
on Mon Aug 13th 2012 at 04:08:03 resjan
1. It’s important to separate speculation from evidence. “Attested presence of Caucasian people in Northern Africa goes up to Paleolithic times” is an opinion, and the genetic study you cited does not even attempt to prove it. It is completely irrelevant.
The study attempts to find the origins of U6 and concludes “The most PROBABLE origin of the proto-U6 lineage was the Near East”, despite the fact of U6 prevalence in places like Nigeria, Ethiopia, Kenya and the Canaries. It is a HYPOTHESIS. Even if it is a correct hypothesis, how do you know what were the physical characteristics of the proto-u6 carriers?
2. Your statement, “a lot of the current sub-Saharan African presence in North Africa is the legacy of the slaves brought there by Arabs” shows your ignorance about the great diversity in that region.
All stereotypically “sub-saharan” Africans who live in N. Africa are not genetically or culturally the same and did not arrive at the same time. Some are recent immigrants and some have thousands of years of family history in that region. Furthermore, all “berbers” (a european term) are not genetically or culturally the same. Many Tuaregs, Gnawas, Siwas, etc are closer genetically to “sub-saharan” Africans, but have lived in N. Africa before any “Arab” slave trade existed.
You seem to disregard a big part of N. African history: the OTTOMAN colonisation (1500s – 1800s). The Ottomans portrayed themselves with pale skin and enslaved as many (if not more) EUROPEAN christian slaves as “sub-saharan” Africans. This undoubtedly changed the genetic makeup of that region.
3. It is debatable whether Osiris was a person who was later deified or a purely mythological figure…I won’t debate it now. But, Diodorus also said, “Now the Ethiopians, as historians relate, were the first of all men and the proofs of this statement, they say, are manifest. For they did not come into their land as immigrants from abroad but were natives of it.”
4. “Egypt was indigenous African with influences from the Middle East.” Please prove that ancient Egypt prior to 2000 BC had “influences from the Middle East” (assuming you mean West Asia). This is more of your speculation.
5. I never said all Africans are “black”! There you go again misconstruing my assertions. I personally don’t think any of them are black, rather various shades brown or pale.
on Mon Aug 13th 2012 at 04:48:15 Eurasian Sensation
Ok, since my summation of the scientifically accepted consensus will clearly never satisfy you, let me ask you 2 questions so I can better understand your vision of what Egypt looked like.
1. What kind of Africans were the Egyptians?
Obviously Africa is genetically diverse. Were they Nilotes, akin to the South Sudanese? Were they akin to the people who left West Africa in the Bantu expansion? Were they related to the pygmies of Central Africa, or perhaps the San of Southern Africa? Were they Cushitic-types like the Oromo?
2. In that ancient world, where did the range of “African” people end, and where did the range of “West Asian” people begin?
Did they all mutually agree to stick to their respective continents? Or was there some kind of gradient where people had a mix of both genetic components – if so where was this?
on Mon Aug 13th 2012 at 08:44:24 Giggles
You forgot a race of Aficans in a manner that can only be described as racist. you forgot the Boer people in South Africa. They are as African as anyone having had their entire culture and nation born and raised on African soil. There is no other place in the world besides South Africa where this race is evident. The Boer’s in South Africa are an African race whether black Africans like it or not. They are indigenous to Southern Africa.
on Mon Aug 13th 2012 at 09:13:54 B. R.
The problem is, the “darker skinned” people always get the shaft in looking back at history and defining who has made contributions to humanity. The Dogon’s knew many things about the stars that equal what the Egyptions did, but, no one ever talks about that in history books….
There has to be some way to define how the “darker skinned ” people have contributed to civilisation and humanity…that is what will get lost in “they are all Africans”…noted Roxannes solution “pre-colonian Africa”
We are just getting tripped up on semantics…its about intent, the “racists” will just find ways to twist any new ways to define these things so people really have to look at intent
Good point about the Berbers, I saw youtubes where they are differant shades and looks….you know, I just listen to their music and its obvious to me they are on the cusp of what was happening south and of the Arab influences….anthropologists and arceologists ought to learn how to listen to culture , besides dialects, also, it would tell them a lot
Many of the hard sciences are in direct concflict about what was happening back then….so much is changed by the next discovery, how can people be stuck on positions when there might be something new discovered that might blow everything out of the water..Id say the youtubes of the folklorical cultures are the living snapshots…
No one really paid attention to the stuff I found on Kwamla’s site that indicates a 75,000 year old site that was enourmous in south Africa that was built around gold digging
I understand the point about the Boers, there were also many Indians that came over to work in countries in south Africa also who have made up a part of that cultural makeup in those areas
on Mon Aug 13th 2012 at 09:27:59 Dahoman X
Giggles indeed…
Someone here needs to look up the word “indigenous” in a dictionary.
@Dahoman X – Indigenous means: belonging to a certain place. The Boer people of South Africa are a race unto themselves. They are NOT European. They are indigenous to South Africa with their own language, traditions etc – you know NOTHING about South African history if you refute that. The Bantu people are also NOT indigenous to South Africa. So I think you need to do a little more research before you say stupid things.
@ Giggles
I gave Europeans the last 18 words of the post. Given that they have only been in Africa for the past 2.77% of the 13,000 years that the post covers, I should have given them at most 14 words. So if anything this post favours them more than it should.
I would so love to know why you hate white people so much? And FYI – the BOER people are NOT Europeans but are an indigenous race exclusive to South Africa.
https://abagond.wordpress.com/2009/11/02/do-i-hate-white-people/
I mean that the boer (or Afrikaner) RACE was created in Africa. The boers are NOT as most people would like to believe purely European in descent. No, they are a race that is uniquely made up in South Africa from roughly 1600 of European (all over Europe and not 1 little country), African, Cape Malay and San descent. A RACE all on their own.
Most Afrikaner families have between 5% and 7% non-white ancestry, such as Khoi African, Indonesian and Indian, as the early Dutch settlement at the Cape allowed inter-racial marriage. During the Apartheid era, race classification was based on appearance and there were many borderline cases.
South Africans of British descent are considered a separate ethnic group from Afrikaners, and their first language is English.
And yes. The people born and raised in Africa are indigenous to Africa. You may be black but you are NOT an African. Even with my white skin I’m more African than you could ever hope to be.
You can point me to your self-serving rant all you want. All you want to do is been to be “tolerant” of your “aggressors” as far as possible yo justify your hatred which is blatant in your posts.
I’m guessing deep-seated inferiority complex. You hate whites because you yourself are not and can never be white. You assume that all are the same and that all have the same opportunities. That is American arrogance.
@ Giggles (I really love your name, man)
Indigenous means: belonging to a certain place.
In ecology and geography (fauna, plants, etc…), yes. But when talking of human beings, the indigenous people = the original peoples of the region.
That’s why white descendants of Englishmen (and other Europeans) are NOT considered indigenous in Australia, despite them not being European, being “born and raised” in Australia and having their own culture.
By the way, according to your reasoning, I suppose that white Americans too are indigenous to North Americas, right?
Regarding the Boers:
Afrikaners (including the Boer subgroup) are a Germanic ethnic group in Southern Africa descended from Dutch (including Flemish),French and German settlers whose native tongue is Afrikaans: a Germanic language which derives primarily from 17th century Dutch , and a variety of other languages.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrikaner
Translation: they are recent immigrants of European genetic makeup speaking a mostly germanic (=european) language.
Would you disagree with this?
Even with my white skin I’m more African than you could ever hope to be.
Ooooh. Priceless.
So, not only is he African, but he is more African than anybody else…
@ Giggles:
After you look up “indigenous” in the dictionary, I think you also need to look up what the word “race” means, buddy.
on Mon Aug 13th 2012 at 14:58:37 SomeGuy
Why so hostile, my African brother?
on Mon Aug 13th 2012 at 15:04:18 sam
@someguy: He is a boer, check out their history and you’ll understand.
@giggles: You talk about race with a gusto of some one who really, really believes in them. Heres a news flash for you: there is biologically only one human race in this planet.
1. What is the “scientifically accepted consensus”? The idea that “Caucasians” (an unscientific term) populated N. Africa prior to 3000 BC has never been proven. It may be an “accepted consensus” by some, but it hasn’t been “scientifically” proven. Besides, genetics disproves the definition of the antiquated term, “Caucasoid.”
The genetic study you referenced only sampled different living individuals with the u6 subclades in an attempt to HYPOTHESIZE the origin of a proto-u6 marker. The facts in the study were the results of the genetic sampling. The rest about origins and history is unsubstantiated.
2. Your question, “What kind of Africans were the ancient Egyptians” shows a basic lack of understanding about that civilisation. “Egypt” or Ha Ka Ptah was only part of the empire called Ta-Merry. The entire empire contained 42 different nomes (sepats) with varying cultural practices and identities. By 3000 BC, all of them were given a specific number, starting with number 1 in Ta-Seti, the southernmost sepat.
Since Bes (the childbirth deity) and Ptah (who supposedly created the world) are the oldest deities of that region and they are both portrayed as dwarfs, we can deduce that “pygmies” or Batwa were the pioneers. It’s also interesting that “Ptah” and “Batwa” are phoenetically similar.
But one thing is certain, the oldest archaeological evidence of the foundations of dynastic “Egyptian” culture comes from the region well to the south, (again, see Wadi Kubbaniya, Jebel Sahaba, Wadi Halfa, et al. Thus I don’t know why, with no evidence, you are so compelled to suggest some Asian influence.
3. It depends on what part of “ancient history” you are talking about. The first migration out of Africa, according to archaeological evidence, occurred between 60,000 and 70,000 years ago–so Africans populated both Europe and Asia at that time.
I gather your real question is what was the first empire and what was its extent. We have archaeological evidence that Mentuhotep II (c. 2000 BC) went as far south as Lake Chad and there is a 5000 year old “Egyptian” tomb in Israel. We also see temples in Iran (e.g. Persopolis c. 500 BC) that are very similar in style to “Egyptian” architecture. We are also told by several ancient historians that many Africans colonised the world. For example, Herodotus said, ” the Egyptians said they believed that the Colchians were a portion of the army of Sesostris.” Both Diodorus and Strabo’s accounts were consistent with this.
on Mon Aug 13th 2012 at 15:25:29 Cornlia
President explained why in a very subtle way, when faced with a question on a talk show. He basically -but very subtly- told his interviewer that this is a racist country with a colonial mindset, and that “he” didn’t call himself that, but that this society called himself that.
“No, when you take away their life they die.”… Now, that’s was a bright statement, wasn’t it ? You know very well what I meant, Someguy.
As well as here:
“even though I suggest that we do not use the racial references to analyze antiquity, I am not saying that I don’t care about the color of the people we are referring to”
One, I was replying to Sam, in the context of his post. Two, I position myself outside of “race”, not outside of ACTUAL skin colors, ranging from very light beige to very dark brown, which are DESCRIPTIVE, I’m not positioning myself within colors as in “races” -white, black, yellow, red-, and I’m pretty you did get that too, which are IDEOLOGICAL.
You ask me this:
I hope my explanation above is clear.
Racial profiling is a tool of racism, that is based on racial definitions (very different ones sometimes from one country to the other) linked to development of colonial rules.
Caring about the COLORs of the skins of people who have been debased and looked down upon is NOT racial profiling. It is simply describing.
You understand very well that I think we should find ways to not refer to the racial system (we know very well what the effects have been and are, and they were purposely so), and you do get what I mean.
I NEVER implied that I “wish for a color coded system”, don’t put words or ideas in my mouth and minds, I’m saying that Ancient Egyptians were Africans AND dark-skinned (dark-skinned, that’s not a color) and that THIS is contrary to what Eurocentrists want us to believe.
You also know very well that it is very difficult to navigate those topics and remain factual, because they are deeply if not totally polluted by the ideology of race.
I think you’d better take care of racists and argue with them (and that is damn difficult, because you’re battling with a deeply rooted belief) than play little rhetorical games with people who you know (since you said “You are misunderstanding my intention. I am playing “devil’s advocate”) are sincere in their intentions.
When I said if you take “whiteness” away from “whites” (that is “white-minded” people), they die, I think you understood what I meant. Our identity is what we are. They don’t know that they have a “who” that is deeper than their racial definition, the “what” that they take as their self to a point that they battle others over it. They do die psychologically if you scratch that part of them. Under is void.
My post above was a reply to Someguy and the first two words were “President Obama”.
@ Cornalia
#1 I don’t think you get the subtlety of my statements.
#2 You imply many things that you later deny, probably because you don’t realize that your own personal biases are so ingrained.
#3 I don’t put words in your mouth. I translate what you are saying because your statements seem very vague and open to a wide range of interpretation.
I totally agree Phoebeprunelle.
As I replied to Someguy, this is not easy stuff to use, explain or around. There is a different with actual observation and description, and ideology. That is why racism works so well, as a matter of fact, because it has based itself on ideas and concepts that “seems” descriptive, but are not.
That Sheba described herself as “black” was descriptive. She was obviously not using 18th century Euro-centrists reference… 😉
I am a European and I want to take care of the BS my ancestors left with us. I have spent the last twenty-five years learning about it, observing the effects, being disgusted and determined to teach about it. Let me do that.
That Afro-descendents wish to feel pride in their “blackness” is something I let them deal with. I think – and that is just my humble opinion- that it is a mistake to claim the words the racists labeled them with. I think it is more than a mistake, I think it’s a trap. Because in a white supremacist world, it’s like sliding the cover of the trap over your head. I think it is exactly what racists wanted them to do. But I don’t have lessons to give, just an opinion to express.
There are Africans and Afro-descendents who claim the opposite. Who say “those words are plantation talk and we should not use them for our sake and our psychological sanity”. They know that those words are the engines of racism. Take them away from the ideology, and what are you left with ?
My point is, let me fight those racists by diluting, powdering, destroying THEIR weapons. Using their weapons to fight is like fighting an enemy with the weapons he knows because he created them.
That’s how I see the fight against racism. Recognizing people for who they are or who their (mythical or not) ancestors were, not *what* they were called by racists.
@ Cornlia (sorry, mis-wrote your name above
Why are you arguing with me in the first place. I understand what you’re trying to say. I’m not saying I necessarily disagree. I didn’t start this argument, you did. I just think that trying to re-define language and terms, instead of fixing the problems directly, is a waste of time, effort and energy.
Someguy, you are the one who reacted to my comments, above, so why are you asking me this: “Why are you arguing with me in the first place.”
I don’t like the little game you play. I perceive it as manipulative. I have to much experience of it to continue arguing. I don’t like it when someone tries to imply things about me that he doesn’t know and to destroy my “personality” on a site/blog where I find a friendly and interesting place to express myself (which I find very seldom on that topic).
I know you know very well what I am saying and the “because you don’t realize that your own personal biases are so ingrained” is the type of phrase that sounds like a sentence from someone who has adopted the role of a judge or a psychiatrist. I realize very well who I am, thank you.
You are writing comments on a blog, AND complaining that someone argues with you, whereas you are commenting on that person’s comments !
If you think discussing with me is a “waste of time, effort and energy”, please be so kind to find other people to exchange with. That will spare us wasted time, indeed.
Cornlia, the racists are just going to take any words you think are better and figure out how to use them….that happens now…
Why dont you let black people figure out what is best for them on an individual basis? …there is obviously a lot of differant opinion on this and no total group agreement
You got Ethiopia, a very cross culture country in Africa and I brought in a thread with various opinions exactly from Ethiopians about whether its ok to self identify with “black”…I even brought in another Ethiopian sure he wanted to be known as black, then Roxanne sais that she doesnt like to define things like that…so, just from Ethiopia, there is differance of opinion on this…that is all people can really have about it…an opinion and what they want to identify themselves as
When people start saying what the rules should be , and they really dont speak for everyone, it can be creepy…
Someguy, saying this:
“I just think that trying to re-define language and terms, instead of fixing the problems directly, is a waste of time, effort and energy.”
shows you don’t have much of an idea of what the rhetoric of race is. If the word “black”, “white”, “red” and “yellow” are not the basis of the rhetoric of race, then what are they ?
If you have a solution to “fix the problems directly”, please be our saviour.
I imagine that the direct solutions to fixing racism existed, it woudl have been solved long ago.
Please let me propose my own vision of it, which I think is not that *stupid*, and if you think it is, well, propose your own.
To conclude on that, Someguy, what did racists do if not “re-define language and terms”, so that they would accompany and shape their ideology ?
Ideologies don’t exist outside of specific language.
Whatever. You do you and I’ll do me. No skin of my back. Just don’t address me in your posts and I won’t have to respond.
B R, if you read what I said what you ask me to do: “Why dont you let black people figure out what is best for them on an individual basis?”
I said this: “That Afro-descendents wish to feel pride in their “blackness” is something I let them deal with” and “But I don’t have lessons to give, just an opinion to express.”
I have noticed, all this time (years), that I have been discussing this topic, one thing:
“Don’t touch it”. Don’t touch race. Leave it alone. Why do you want to touch it ? Why do you want to attack it ?
What is everyone afraid of ? Losing their identity ? Probably. I don’t think it will be a great loss if it’s race. It will be a liberation rather. From the racists. They won’t have anything to attack anymore.
Well, the fact is, I think that we must attack racism at its roots. They are races. That’s all. That’s what I think.
Am I allowed to have an opinion ?
Someguy, I didn’t address you and you quoted me. Please, don’t play that game. It’s distasteful.
I POSTED AT THE SAME TIME AS YOU. OBVIOUSLY I DID NOT SEE THAT.
Cornlia, well that is my point, everyone is entitled to their opinion , and to be understood for their intent when using words, and, I respect what you are saying, and , its been said many times on this blog , about how “race” was invented to rationalise slavery.And, I have no argument with that, and, I also see we are dealing with discriptions of things and using English, which is a very limited language to describe people in Africa.
Again, for me, just “we are Africans”, is something I can understand also but, as someone living in Brazil, describing all the people down on this contintent as “South Ameicans” , means what makes Brazil really special is totaly lost in that description…
Describing by nation, is strange also, since , many of these countries were named by the colonisers and more important, some change names and boundries, so, that is self explanatory why just national self identity can not be fullfilling in all cases
And, my biggest concern about abandoning referances to hues of people is, again, guarenteed, the darker hued people will get lost in the shuffle and not really understood for the contributions to humanity that they have made…something that seems to not be very defined out here these days, people in this discusion cant really define it very well…”pre colonial”, roxannes suggestion, does help in some ways, but, all pre colonial Africans did not represent this culture (these people have to be recognised for much more than just as hunter gatherers or pastoril farmers, or regugees or who were sought after for slavery)…but, many many do have tie ins with this culture, from east to west and south , in a big way and north also, but, is way more influenced by Arab culture and Islamic culture…Islamic culture also is found in various places in Africa, but, it has buried over and destroyed in many cases, what the values are of the cultures that were before it…same with the Christian religion where that is…
So, Cornlia, its not about “dont touch it…” with me, by all means address and say what you want, but, you have to also have a way to give credit for the humanity and the contributions to civilisation that many cultures of the darker hued people in Africa have made and we need a way to describe those contributions…and who the people were…in some cases, the people who the HBDers are saying are inferiour….I dont defend by saying those people dont have a race , even if I beleive that underneath , I defend them by saying ” … look at their genius , their humanity , look at what they have contributed to civilisation and then try to tell me they are inferior…”
on Mon Aug 13th 2012 at 19:13:34 satanforce
So Dahoman isn’t African now? I tell you, I can always rely on Abagond’s for shits and giggles. No pun intended.
on Mon Aug 13th 2012 at 19:56:46 Origin
White people introduced this white supremacy racism but they don’t want POC to address it by asserting the worth of darker people. It is defined as racist to do that. That is typical. White people have long held the handle of this racism blade and used it to powerful effect to cut through cultures and nations. The solution, according to white people, is to pretend that the wounds aren’t there to be stitched up. Let’s continue as if nothing happened while maggots and gangrene set in. “Affirmation action?” Bad!!! That’s “reverse racism”! Healing of wounds? We can’t have that! The last thing we want to do is “reverse” racism. But I suppose there is progress in admitting that the centuries during which most black people were denied even basic education was forward racism.
“Color doesn’t matter” is something one can say only when your color doesn’t hinder you. Which is seldom the case for black people when they live among whites whether as a demographic minority (say USA after 1900) or a majority (say South Africa). White (supremacy) racism is a very predictable phenomenon and the attitudes that accompany it have been very relevant in shaping our world. They know the power of racial identity as a tool for organizing people especially when it comes to unleashing aggression. The eventual emergence of a “black identity” was an unintended consequence of white racism which created a shared experience of racial oppression among black people inasmuch as it created a shared (often vicarious) experience of power among whites. What is the fundamental difference in popular message between Martin Luther King and Malcom X? Wasn’t it that one subordinated a black identity to an American one while the other did the reverse. Which one got more support (still shot dead though); which one has a “day”?
Now back to the race of ancient people. I think it is usually accepted that the ancient Greeks were white and many people who claim not to care about color would cry bloody murder if people suggested they were not. But to suggest that a group of ancient Africans were black people is an unacceptable “playing of the race card”. It is all part of the process of identity denial also manifested in renaming, and religious “conversion”. Even some white people who claim to be “not racist” get uncomfortable when black people identity with other black people whether geographically or historically separated. Never mind the fact that white people do it all the time! Anyone who studied “western history” in college will know how much “we” owe to the Greeks. Ancient Egypt, which is more African the farther back you go, poses a problem but nothing a little convenient color-blindedness (or even outright whitening) can’t fix!
The bottom line is that white people decide who is white and, by exclusion, who is not. In America there has long been the “one drop rule” whereas South Africa gives mixed “coloureds” a separate category. Think about demographics and why this makes sense. Who does it serve in each case? TBH, I’d rather not have to consider these things. But I don’t have the hue that allows ignorance to be a self-serving strategy. C’est la vie.
I respect what you are saying, Origin
on Mon Aug 13th 2012 at 20:48:45 Fiamma
Origin writes:
“White people introduced this white supremacy racism but they don’t want POC to address it by asserting the worth of darker people. It is defined as racist to do that. That is typical. White people have long held the handle of this racism blade and used it to powerful effect to cut through cultures and nations. The solution, according to white people, is to pretend that the wounds aren’t there to be stitched up. Let’s continue as if nothing happened while maggots and gangrene set in.”
I agree with your comment in its entirety — the above quoted excerpt, I couldn’t have phrased any better myself. Great observations, as usual, Origin!
on Mon Aug 13th 2012 at 23:03:45 Roxanne
Seems like “Giggles” is here to make us all giggle. Carry on my Mzungu ‘brotha’, keep em’ coming… 🙂
Er, yeah, ok… that doesn’t sound absolutely unscientific at all. I think this is the point at which I stop trying to argue with you as it is a waste of time.
on Tue Aug 14th 2012 at 00:54:13 resjan
I never said it was “scientific”…i provided cultural and historical information in the absence of “scientific” evidence of the genetic origins of the original inhabitants of the Lower Nile.
But, nice diversion from the topic, Sensation. I guess that must somehow negate the archaeological evidence i provided, even though you have yet to provide any proof for your claims of some Asian origin or influence.
on Tue Aug 14th 2012 at 03:30:03 Cornlia
BR you said: ” you have to also have a way to give credit for the humanity and the contributions to civilisation that many cultures of the darker hued people in Africa have made and we need a way to describe those contributions…and who the people were…in some cases, the people who the HBDers are saying are inferiour….I dont defend by saying those people dont have a race , even if I beleive that underneath , I defend them by saying ” … look at their genius , their humanity , look at what they have contributed to civilisation and then try to tell me they are inferior…””
I’m asking: did I say ANYTHING different from that ?
WHY do I have to call dark-skinned people “black” when it suffices to say “dark-skinned”, “very dark-skinned”, “dark-skinned African” ? Why ?
To Euro-centric egyptologists, it is enough. They say Egyptians were leucoderm, I say no, they were dark-skinned. To racists/white supremacists, who claim against all odds that Ancient Egyptians were “white”, it is enough to say, no, they were dark-skinned. Some come up with dark-skinned whites, whatever, let them talk. It’s a belief, it’s a mental distortion, you’ll never get them to believe otherwise, unless their mental illness cures. It has to come from them.
So, why do I have to call myself “white” ? Because the theory of races said so. And I don’t believe that the theory of races is right. It is funny how people are so attached to it. Really, what is the problem if I don’t call myself “white” ? Who does it bother if not racists ? I don’t care what they think. I don’t call myself white, period. Whiteness is an illusion.
Of course, I know how that illusion has had consequences ! But there is a moment when we need to stop being manipulated by this belief ! There is a moment when we need to say, stop, I don’t believe your BS, period. I
think the problem here on this blog and elsewhere on the net is that the American vision of race dominates conversations. Americans need to know that IT IS NOT THE CASE elsewhere. Tell a French person he or she is Caucasian, he/she’s gonna look at you like, huh, WTH is he/she calling me ? There is NO WAY he/she will know what you are referring to.
The first time i heard it, I laughed. I was liked, what ? What did you just call me ? And then I saw that person was serious. And I have had to explain to Americans many times, that no, not everybody with a light-skin on this planet defines him/herself as Caucasian. Caucasians live in the Caucasus, and the fact that naturalists and then racists designated light-skinned people as “Caucasian” or “white” doesn’t mean we have to agree to it ! There is actually no genetic proof that all Europeans descend from “Ancient Caucasians” ! They chose the term for reasons that had nothing to do with genetics (see The History of White People by Neil Irving Painter for more detail).
To come back to your comment, I believe Africans, Asians, everybody around this planet achieved things, great, not so great, greater than the rest, and obviously dark-skinned Africans in Ancient Egypt were amongst those who achieved some of the greatest things. And I am among the people who will remind others, for instance, that Yes, Egypt is ACTUALLY in African, yes, yes, didn’t you notice ? And yes, Ancient Egyptians were dark-skinned.
But I don’t have to call Ancient Egyptians “black” and myself “white” for that.
Egyptians were great people, dark-skinned people, Egypt is in Africa and that matters.
Many Afro-centrists these days refer to dark skinned Africans as Kemit, Kamit, Kemet, etc. They don’t use the term black. Some African thinkers do not use racial terms that they coin “plantation talk” (“vocabulaire de la plantation”). They are trying to create a new approach to thinking African history with African philosophy and African psychology, and explain that one step to free African thought is to free it from racial thought. They actually battle against the tendency to create words in African languages as translation of racial terms, which do not exist in those languages, simply because Africans didn’t invent the concept…
I had not read any of those before I started thinking what I think. I have understood very early how wrong racial rhetoric is simply because it’s used to separate. I realize it simply by observing. When you say “dark-skinned, light-skinned, brown colored, curly haired, straight-haired, brown-eyed, beige-skinned, dark-brown, you observe and describe.
When you say “white”, “black”, “yellow”, “red”, you separate humans into groups that have specificities applied to them by the theory of races. These are not skin colors. That people may have used “white”, “black” to describe very light-skinned or very dark-skinned people is not the same. Races are over-simplifications that have been erected into concepts.
Little children who have not been told about race do not (never) define themselves racially. They color people their actual colors in drawings and paintings. In the US, children are told very early on what their “race” is. In many other places, they don’t know what “race” is. Americans should really realize that their approach and vision is very very special. Vey shocking too, for an outsider who approaches American culture with a naive and open eye. For instance, the new president of France had among his proposals to remove the word “race” from the first article of the Constitution. This is not understood in the US. And in France, it is not understood that you have to state your race when you fill out official forms. It is outrageous and sound uncivilized to a French reader…
So don’t believe (not necessarily you BR) that “race” is a concept that is universal… It is a colonial concept that is found and used to various degrees in former or present colonial settings (in the French West Indies, still bery much, because the colonial setting is still alive).
It is really strange to me to realize that most people do not see that when you say “white”, you automatically set apart from “black”. You don’t allow for unity. Those words weren’t used for description. Otherwise we would be called beige and brown. There is a difference between actual colors, features, and predetermined definitions and labeling that group together people that have nothing in common, except their phenotype. I realize that some people really get lost when you take that away from them. It acts as a frame that holds things together.
I know that there are people (I have read some on this blog) like Cheik Anta Diop, who think/thought (because they fear/ed it) that doing away with races means “color-blindness” (when it is not about colors, but races…), and is somehow a threat to the reality of the history of dark-skinned people, as you are implying. They think only racial unity will help. I think it is a distortion of racial thought that is dangerous, because political unity doesn’t mean the dilution of multiple cultures into one “race”. That would mean doing exactly what racists have hoped for.
I think we need to free ourselves from the grip of race because it is the tool of the racists.
Most people continue to confuse “skin color” with “race”. That is exactly what racists count on.
If you (or others) don’t agree with that, no problem. But please do not imply things from what I say.
I think Africans and everyone else with a dark skin must be recognized for WHO they are and were, or not for WHAT they were designated to be by others, who planned to dominate them and did so.
That is only what I think, and if people feel threatened by it, they need to look at why they feel threatened, because personally, I don’t imagine myself as a great threat to anyone. I’m just proposing ideas to participate in the destruction of the idea of race. It’s not very American, I know. But it’s a way to go. And it means learning everyone’s history.
on Tue Aug 14th 2012 at 04:27:13 B. R.
For sure its not threatening for me…i can easily use things like “dark skinned people” , “pre colonial Africans”, and, if Im with people who describe things as “black” or “sub Sahara”, I have no problem communicating the thoughts about concepts I am trying to get across with them using the terms they define , it makes me no differance…
By the way, I dont agree this is just an American thing, Origin explained it well, and, for example, they just passed racial quotas down in Brazil to guarentee “black” ” negros em portugues” and “brown” “pardos em portugues” people can get into universities that had percentage numbers unbeleivably low
Despite the ideology against quotas or the misconception that this is American and horrible, they have to pass these laws because the “white ” Brazilians arnt giving up their power for anything
Not only that, I have brought in various posts from Ethiopians who identified themselves as black, but, I want to note Roxanne is Ethiopian and she thinks the opisite , only to point out that no, this is not just something in the USA…I think its best to just be honest about this, even if some of the thought process did come from the USA, its not unique to there at all…is this some hang up to always just blame it on the USA?
on Tue Aug 14th 2012 at 04:34:35 satanforce
@Roxanne
Their view of Jamaica is generally not much better. They thik of here as a paradise of mangoes and breadfruit aplenty, with the countryside a paradise for black people. And don’t let me start on Brazil…..
on Tue Aug 14th 2012 at 07:32:44 Eurasian Sensation
If anyone is interested to read the chapter that this post is based on, “How Africa became black”, from Jared Diamond’s “Guns, Germs and Steel”, it can be found here:
http://discovermagazine.com/1994/feb/howafricabecameb331/
It basically outlines the consensus of most mainstream experts on the prehistory of Africa. Diamond’s use of the terms “black” and “white” are simplistic, but the terms are proxies for what used to be termed “Negroid” and “Caucasoid”.
Since I’m giving up arguing with you, you can read Diamond’s work and take that as a summation my views, more or less, on the peopling of Africa. And I’m sure you’ll take it as some kind of victory that I don’t wish to debate you anymore, but it’s really an acknowledgement that it’s a waste of my time.
You’re right it’s a waste of time, b/c you have no evidence to support your claims.
on Wed Aug 15th 2012 at 00:43:51 Cornlia
Hi BR, of course, I will not jump on people in conversations if they use racial terms… But here is a place (that I discovered recently) where people are willing to discuss such ideas. That’s why I do it… And I guessed you were one of them. 😉
I simply think that this is regularly swept under the carpet and it shouldn’t, because they are the basis of the idea of race…
And sure, it is not “just” an American thing. But the US is the place I know with France… Both are racist countries with colonial pasts, but in different ways and therefore with different consequences.
I don’t know enough about the various countries in South America to say anything. I think you have to have had a personal experience of a place to really know on that topic and to have interacted with all kinds of people to get an insight.
If it sounded like it that I blamed it only the USA, I’m sorry, it wasn’t my intention. I think I said that many of the blogs and sites that discuss this topic are American, and as such bring the American vision of it in to the discussion, and I think it “narrows” it.
However, I think it is very interesting to be able to discuss it with people from all over and I will navigate Abagond more in the next weeks to check out what there is and who’s there.
I wasn’t aware of the quotas in Brazil. Back in 1992, I wrote a crossfire section on the commemoration of the quincentenary of the “Discovery of America” and I actually took the example of Brazil to explain that Africans had been treated badly all over the Americas. I wanted to say things without being too harsh on my hosts… as I was a Teaching Assistant in an US university…
It is a pity one has to resort to quotas, because they actually reinforce the idea that races are “for real”, but what else to do in this state of things ? I hope your quotas actually have an impact, because it doesn’t seem it has been the case so much in the US, unfortunately.
I believe we should start with imposing history and sociology courses on what race is so that kids know more about it than just what they are told by media, parents and society…
Obrigada pela resposta… I once learnt Brazilian. Wish I had had time to continue… I love the language.
on Wed Aug 15th 2012 at 09:35:26 B. R.
Cornlia, just to clarify , Im an American living in Brazil for 26 years now….tudo bom…
Of course, its great to have a diolougue about these subjects , and, I do understand where you are coming from , except , unfortunatly the racists are going to know how to dribble phrases like “dark hue” also, and run their bs
I even forgot to say that Brazilians have phrases like “my black” they use all the time , so it is in their Portuguese also
I cant speak for the Caribean, but, I think Brazil is a huge country with an enormous slave past, so like the USA , they have to deal with these things that have serious effect on society…the white Brazilians arnt going to give it up, the laws have to be implemented to bring some kind of fair integrataion into society
Im only speaking about this to not let semantics get in the way about talking about Africa…and as I stated, Im willing to change my semantics to fit into the conversation with the person Im talking about, because these concepts Im talking about , dont have to be fenced in by words
Im much more interested in looking at the docu youtube about the Pygmies I brought in and see how they had things like one mate for their life not multiple wives, they welcome the people with giving them water, and there was one guy with his portable drum kit that he could set up on the go…which showed these hunter gatherers retained a powerful drum culture,,,that sais so much more about them as a people than just hunter gatherers,,,,and, their drum culture is a lot like the taller people around them even though they are of a really differant genetic,,,yet, they have very similar phenotype features and similar drum culture concepts,,,,who influenced who ? or was it mutual
This is real ancient culture…Egyption records as far back as 3000 bc mentioned a small man who could dance and sing from the interior, that just shows this culture is much older than that
on Wed Aug 15th 2012 at 17:57:09 resjan
“Egyption records as far back as 3000 bc mentioned a small man who could dance and sing from the interior, that just shows this culture is much older than that”
I tried explaining that ancient Egyptians’ oldest deities (Bes and Ptah) are also dwarfs to explain a possible link to “pygmies” (Batwa). But then I was reminded of a letter from Pepi II (c. 2278 – 2184 BC) to Harkhuf, stating:
“You said in this letter of yours that you have brought a pygmy, of divine dances, from the land of the horizon-dwellers, like the one that the seal-bearer Bawerdjed brought from Punt in the time of king Isesi….When he goes to bed at night, get trusty men to lie all round him in his hammock. Inspect ten times a night ! My Majesty longs to see this pygmy more than all the treasures of Sinai and Punt !”
Thanks. You as well. Just doing my part to stamp out all the misinformation out there.
on Thu Aug 16th 2012 at 00:15:23 Eurasian Sensation
No resjan, I can’t be bothered arguing with you because you would clearly prefer stories about gods to actual science.
You need to re-read the articles you linked to that you think supports your perspective, btw. The first one clearly states that the majority of sub-Saharan DNA in Saudi Arabs is from female slaves. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1180338/)
on Thu Aug 16th 2012 at 13:18:38 resjan
I thought you were already done arguing…so why are you back?
Again, you need to learn to discern facts from speculation. The facts are the findings of the genetic study…all else is speculation.
The article does not even pretend to know how the African genes got into Arabia, it speculates. “Taken together, these results are consistent with substantial migration from eastern Africa into Arabia, AT LEAST IN PART as a result of the Arab slave trade…”
Did you get that? “IN PART”…..WHERE DOES IT SAY a “majority” as you’ve miscontrued? It is a HYPOTHESIS.
I know there were/still are African slaves in Arabia, just as surely as there were/still are European ones, but this is relatively recent history, and the article even says that these ties supposedly go back to the “7th millennium BC.”
Clearly YOU’re the one who should re-read the article!
To clarify: I referenced the article to point to the fact that genetically speaking, many Arabians, especially south Arabians share “sub-saharan” African genes, in response to your belief that Ethiopians are so much unlike other “sub-saharan” Africans and so much like Arabians.
If you read that article well, you’d see that most Yemenis sampled are more genetically close to the West African samples than they are to the sampled Ethiopians.
on Thu Aug 16th 2012 at 14:41:15 B. R.
Resjan, yes, I noted that you mentioned that about the dwarf gods , and, I thought it was relevant…I apreciete your insight
The Pygmies have so many secrets to ancient Africa…the youtubes Ive brought in have blown my mind…that youtube of the pregnant women dancing to a groove that has emerged in Cuba as a rumba is unbeleivable tangent evidence of genuis and the power of it…what strenght to have lasted and emerged as a popular culture with power, all the way into this last century
I say the real story about ancient Africa has so much to be discovered….they just found cave paintings in Europe that are 20,000 years older than they thought, and, the notion of humans painting is a major developement in human evolution (imagine how far back they went in Africa?)…Imagine what is still buried in Africa that could tell us what was really happening back then ?
Yes, you’re right that there’s so much undiscovered, but so much has already been discovered that just isn’t talked about or taught in western academia. There’s evidence of 100,000 year-old artwork in South Africa, evidence of mining that goes back 45,000 years and mathematics that goes back 35,000 years. There are also thousands of stone circles spanning from South Africa to Tanzania that few are willing to investigate or openly discuss..the only westerner I know who talks about these stone ruins credits aliens….
So, it’s not just a matter of discovering, rather researching and bringing about awareness.
I totaly agree about the evidence that is ignored by the western acadamia.
Ive learned some wonderful things about Africa just from this blog, things that are ignored by acadamia..
Ha ha Resjan, this “the only westerner I know who talks about these stone ruins credits aliens…. ” reminds me of the various origins given to the giant Olmec stone heads in Ivan Van Sertima’s book ‘They came before Columbus”. He makes a list of the “possible” origins given by western researchers, and one of them is “brought there by Aliens”…
@Cornlia
Funny, but true. He (Michael Tellinger) has done extensive research and has brought awareness of this ancient stone metropolis in SE Africa (remember that British settlers of the late 1800s deliberately hid much of this) , but he credits a Sumerian extraterrestrial for these ruins. After concluding that extensive knowledge of astronomy was used to constuct these structures, he simply could not believe that Africans were capable of such (even though the world’s oldest evidence of astronomy is found in Africa). Had these ruins been discovered in Europe, needless to say that they would be wholly European, and nothing else! That is the bias we’re up against
I recall Van Sertima saying something like “we have to produce lots of evidence to prove African involvement but they only need one piece of evidence to prove European involvement.” But, now, we all know that one of the oldest skeletons found in the Americas (Brazil) resembles an African http://bit.ly/KRJ4Yb, and the oldest skeleton was found in the Caribbean sea (coincidentally on the current oceanic current from W. Africa) http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2008/09/080903-oldest-skeletons.html…pointing to migration across the Atlantic from Africa, not from the Bering Strait or outer space
on Tue Aug 21st 2012 at 00:23:18 B. R.
Resjan , yes, the report I got off Kwamla’s site was this one you are talking about, I think…I just disreguard the extra terrestial aspects…they try to push that on the Egyption pyramids too…
There are some things that are talked about on other documentaries, that really can make you think, like, if you draw a straight line from Easter Island to the Egyption pyramids, you pass through some ancient ruins on the coast of Peru , the Nasca lines, then through some ruins in mexico, and, when it crosses the Atlantic it goes through Dogon territory, and then the Pyramids…if you continue the line as a circle through the globe , the point at the top of the pi of the circle , actualy touches the magnetic north pole that is differant than the north pole we talk about…and the whole circle touches various other ruins before it gets back to Easter Island and these ruins , in position with the others, show the “golden number”….all coincidence ? probably, but, if not, it shows unbeleivable knowledge of the earth being round and mathamatical principles that are very advanced…Im not one who beleives in the alian stuff, but, all Im saying is that there are some really unbeleivable mysteries out there from ancient times
on Tue Aug 21st 2012 at 00:56:46 resjan
Point well taken. Since the great pyramids are supposedly located on the earth’s energetic center (and most other ancient ruins are on grid lines), I think it’s evidence of ancient knowledge about the same.
There’s no way for me to verify whether or not extraterrestrials have visited, but we can easily verify with archaeological evidence the DEVELOPMENT of mathematics, science and astronomy in Africa.
on Tue Aug 21st 2012 at 10:46:49 Kwamla
B.R, Resjan, Bulanik & Cornlia
Its quite intriguing for me to read conversations about the technological achievements of ancient African civilizations and how they find it difficult to attribute these discoveries to the people themselves.But what is even more intriguing is how we have all been so successfully duped into believing or not questioning the FACT that Extra-terrestrial beings have had NO influence in shaping or forming our collective human existence.
My own research has shown its not possible to go back thousands of years into ancient African history and not examine this possibility.
https://kwamlaonfb.wordpress.com/2011/02/04/youtube-black-people-does-the-earth-belong-to-blacks-have-they-been-invaded-david-wilcock/
“…“we have to produce lots of evidence to prove African involvement but they only need one piece of evidence to prove European involvement”, it irritates me equally, that for some, the idea persists that African’s intellectual achievement / civilization becomes only possible with the intervention of extra-terrestrials..”
This is simply because we have allowed ourselves to become locked into the various accounts of how the world was formed and we came into existence told from a narrow and limiting perspective. A standard perspective which suits and is geared to what we’ve been collectively educated to believe are the default people on this planet. – White people. When they are not!
Clearly many ancient civilizations held a much more inclusive and cosmic perspective. The historical evidence when taken together shows this to be the case. But again just like the continuing existence of Racism some of us feel reluctant in ourselves to entertain or even consider this view point.
Now why is that? .
Kwamla, glad you commented here….
One point that stands out in my mind is how we never hear about the Dogons having great knowledge of the stars, equal to the Egyptions,and that they and the other people to the South , that I got off your site, built calenders and constructions that acnowledged the equinox and rotations of the stars in 26,000 year cycles
Who I heard this from is you, and some other people on here (Wilson, Satan etc)
This amounts to what seems like a heavy snow job in our history books in the west…no pun intended
on Tue Aug 21st 2012 at 13:49:22 Matari
“But again just like the continuing existence of Racism some of us feel reluctant in ourselves to entertain or even consider this view point.
Now why is that?”
Perhaps because the last thing Africans and descendants of Africans need to fathom/think about (on top of this current global white systemic supremacy) is the possibility that any of these so-call Extraterrestrial/Cosmic visitors may be *white!*
Lol!!! You’re right! And thats exactly how they are portrayed in all the SF movies and investigations. The fact is it would be even worse to have to contend with the reality that ALL ETs are white! They are not!
But in truth the reality is even weirder than that! They are all colours imaginable!
As you’re discovering thats exactly what was intended. You have to learn to explore and do your own research rather than allow yourself to be locked into the false reality matrix of Western society, science, religion, history, economics and culture.
Kwamla, based on some documentaries Ive seen that were pretty deep, I do want to keep an open mind to any posibilities of some body of knowledge that would understand pi and the golden number and that the world is round from the ancients, and, even the posibility of something from space…we are all stardust , after all , anyway. And, there is information that boggles the mind in the world, like ancient veda text from san script in India that talks about “gods” who could fly in machines with fire out the back..look at the Nasca lines, what was that for? You can only make out what it is from high in the air….unbeleivable heavy objects lifted for long distances etc
Yet, at the same time, what I never lose vision of and firmness is, the cultures that I brought in on youtube , and, what some of the gifts that the ancient Africans have given us…
I see that pygmie youtube of the pregnant women moving in a circle around a women playing what has evolved in our modern day world as a rumba, and they are singing the most enchanting melody unfettered by any western or Arabian scale , and, I understand these people knew something about how to deal with pregnancy that rivals any modern classes the west gives to pregnant women about how to prepare for the baby coming. They knew how to put the women in an alpha state to help deal with the uncomfortability…I tell you, I get weak in the knees seeing that. The blind racists arnt going to understand the absolute incredible fact that here is an ancient custom that is meant to naturaly help the woman and with a beat that has been passed down all the way through repressive slavery that really tried to destroy that culture , that came out as a major cultural expresion in Cuba with world wide popularity…
The things we could learn from those ancient African cultures are nothing short of profound and genius and it blows my mind…but, for now, its buried treasure….waiting to be discovered…I think Dr ani knows something about things like that
on Tue Aug 21st 2012 at 23:24:37 Cornlia
You said: “it irritates me equally, that for some, the idea persists that African’s intellectual achievement / civilization becomes only possible with the intervention of extra-terrestrials.”
Personally, I’m done with being irritated with those dummies. I just laugh at them or ignore them. It’s a waste of time to bother even telling them anything. They have such mental disorders to deal with, let them drown in their illusions while we advance in reality.
We need to support real work, African researchers and others who really do research.
on Wed Aug 22nd 2012 at 17:15:39 the_noeticist
Funny–so everyone can have different ethnic groups making up their race except black people. Whites can be Norse or English, Armenian; Asians can be Filipino, Hmong, Japanese; Native Americans can be Eskimo, Quechua. All varieties. But black people can only have the parts of Africa that can be seen in the majority of [phenotyping] genes within black Americans or West Indians.
Egyptians can’t be an ethnic group of the black race; I’ve seen people question Ethiopians, too–now San people and Pygmies can’t be black either!
White supremacists never cease to amaze me with their tricks. It would be hilarious if it wasn’t so sickening… Yes, the taking away of certain black people from all black people is definitely used to denigrate the ones who found themselves enslaved in the New World. No doubt about it.
on Wed Aug 22nd 2012 at 17:55:03 Cornlia
Hi the_noeticist
Which post are you replying to ? Thanks.
As a general remark to your remark: I see what you’re saying, but the only problem is that racial reference (putting a whole bunch of different people(s) in the same “racial” bag) is exactly what white supremacy/racism does. Why would you want it ?
The peoples of Africa are very varied and different. They have cultural, genetic, linguistic and other features in common and some they don’t share. Why would *you* want to define them on the line stated by race theoreticians ?
I don’t know if you understand French, but here is this man, who is Congolese, a researcher now living in Canada. He clearly states that Africans and all other peoples “named” by racists under racial labels should refrain from using racial labeling. I know it angers some, but it is a fact that Europeans invented races in an attempt to make them seem natural and reflecting a certain “character” that applies to all the people that belong to that “race”.
http://www.dailymotion.com/playlist/x1jxvn_Nzwamba_supercherie-de-l-identite-noire/1#video=xhdcz8
(supercherie means deception)
White supremacists hate it when other people remind them of the fallacy of the attempt at making “race” a natural fact. They always try to dismiss anti-racist claims by stating that “races existed before the theory of races”.
Why would you state the same claim (though in a different way and for a different reason) ? I have noticed that many African-Americans follow that line of thought, which I can understand on the one hand, since African-Americans “had to” build their identity the ‘black” racial reference, so socially it has its relevance inside a racist system like the US.
But, on the other hand, why they would support racial labeling and classifying “absolutely” (in the sense that it supposedly is a “truth”), is something I still have to understand.
Do you see what I mean ?
(I know that there are some posters here who think I am *crazy* for asking those questions, but I think they are questions to ask if you really want to understand how racism actually works and perpetuates itself. They are difficult questions because they rub on personal identities and huge taboos…)
Cornlia:
I was just replying to the blog entry, in general, not to anyone’s comment specifically.
I understand what you’re saying and I do agree with you. We are more accurately defined by being a member of the human species than by “races”, which, for the record, I believe in the concept of race more as a philosophical point than a scientific one. It’s not to say that what makes you look black or white or prone to ethnically-linked diseases are not genetically based; they are.
But my point was that IF we have this concept of race, with the sub-category of that being ethnicity, and we’re going to be stuck with it, it should be par for the course to also allow black people just as many diverse ethnic backgrounds as you allowed with whites, Asians, Native Americans, etc. It’s ridiculous to simply say black is just this but not those and never, ever that while whites or Asians, for example, are this and that and everything in between.
Likewise, if we dismantled the racial categories all together, it would mean that people are just people who look different, just like swarthy brunettes are different from fair redheads. It would also mean that white people would have to stop claiming Egypt… they might not like that one.
on Wed Aug 22nd 2012 at 19:30:42 B. R.
Cornlia, no one thinks you are crazy, there are 4 other people on this thread who have said the same thing..
What is perplexing to me is how you think that is the solution to neutralising the white racists…?You dont know white racists if you think that would work, they are very adept at shifting gears and shifting their semantics to try to get what they want…
Its a word, a semantic, a metaphor, it doesnt really describe the reality but it is in a context that many people understand since people like Malcolm X brought a differant context of it and many people throughout the world latched on to it also. The same way that a word like “apartheid” gained new awareness in the context of the violent struggle that went on in South Africa…most people wouldnt even know the word if it hadnt been used in that context…
Here is the problem, for the people who dont like the usage of that word, I think its great if you dont use it, but, why are you superimposing your value on others here as though if they want to use it , they are somehow “wrong”? I dont think the people who object to it here are bringing any more awareness to the table as Malcolm X did, and that is the model most of us are using.
What is the hang up it came out of America? I get that that becomes the real problem here for some people….obviously some Africans do refer to themselves as “black”, and Im more than happy to respect Roxannes desire for her to not want to use it and to not refer to her as black…yet, other Ethiopians did refer to themselves as black…no one can say it is a blanket fact that all Africans dont refer to themselves as “black”.
So, instead of having a deeper discusion of 13,000 years of Africa, we are hung up on quantum semantics about the word “black” …because lots of people are using it who come from America
Cornlia, no one here is going to suggest that you use the word “black”
And, I actualy welcome the suggestions I got from some people about how to phrase ancient Africans with out using “black”, which I intend to do…but, not all the time, there are times in my discusions in trying to get across concepts of the genius of ancient Africa where those terms can be very eficiant and comunicative as to the point Im trying to make.
You know, people like Malcolm X transformed the word “black” to fit their conept and they snapped their whip and the white racists got in line like trained dogs and realised they cant chomp on racists words in public or pronounce the word “nigra” or “coloreds” as well as the “n” word . It dramaticly changed the landscape of how the white racists had to react.Id say that isnt playing into their game , if you ask me
Most white racists are very politicly correct in public exactly because of people like Malcoml X and those concepts, and, people of color all over the world noticed, and some latched on to those concepts also
I understand everything you’re saying B.R.
My question is : what do we do then to get at that ideology ? Because this is linked to the “Psychopathic Racial Personality”, or I prefer, “Narcissistic Personality Disorder”. In the interactions with those individuals, unless you decide you are going to ignore them, you find yourselves forced to interact in their world with their postulates and symbolic. Either you do, or you can’t interact with them. But if you try to interact with them you can but be manipulated by them. Psychiatrists and psychologists know it and when they realize they are dealing with one (if they are not being manipulated already), they throw them out of their offices.
So how do we deal with them ?
I’m proposing a way that doesn’t stem out of void, it stems out my observations, my personal experience (including being manipulated which allowed me to know how it works), my culture, my interactions with others, my readings (but until recently, I deliberately tried not to read too much, except novels, to built my own vision. Now I am in a process of intensive reading, and hopefully in some time of intensive research). One has to have some convictions to be able to do research and prove (or not) one’s point… otherwise there wouldn’t have been many scientific discoveries…
A few points on what you said: “obviously some Africans do refer to themselves as “black”. Definitely. But why do they ? Isn’t it because the ideology summons them to do so ? Europeans have reshaped the thinking patterns on the African continent too. That is why the researcher I quoted is actually working on the topic. He explains in that conversation that there are new words being coined in African languages to fit the racial reference and that make it so, that even after hundreds of years, African languages had managed to keep racial thought out. I think it is a catastrophe because language is who we are deep down as societies. He does to. Others don’t…
I *think* (and who am I ? A little nobody facing a hugely successful ideology) that those words contain more than it seems. I would like, if I can, to really study that to bring some understanding to how this simple words had so much impact. I *think* that the very fact of using them separates. Saying “black” for a certain group of people, “white” for another, “yellow” (have you even seen someone yellow ?) and “red” has this immediate effect of separating categorically and creating walls. If you are “white” you are not “black”, you “cannot” be. This is no bridge. There is no link. Same between all the racial words. Descriptive words, on the other hand, do not have that separating effect. As you said, it’s semantics, but is it only semantics ? I don’t think it is only semantics. I’d like to be able to prove it. If I can, I will.
Just an anecdote to illustrate this;
back in 2002, when LePen reached the second round of the Presidential elections on France, there were huge demonstrations all over the country. On France 2, the French national TV, there was a report in which a young man with Afro-origins said this, while commenting on LePen half-victory: “He reminded me that I was black”.
This can be analyzed taking the Malcolm X take of “race pride”. But it can also be analyzed as “he reminded me that I am supposed to stay where I belong, the “black race”.” This is what I am interested in, how does it work.
A French philosopher and historian, Claude Ribbe https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10151142463041320set=a.85712766319.102668.527186319&type=1&theater , whose main activity is to try and revive the contributions of Afro-descendents in France and who is one of them, has the same take on this as me. He calls the phrase “Black is beautiful” a paradox in the fight against racism.
Of course, same here, when you say “there are times in my discusions in trying to get across concepts of the genius of ancient Africa where those terms can be very eficiant and comunicative as to the point Im trying to make”… We can obviously not escape the ideology totally (and certainly not in our respective social positions), and it is easier to explain things with people who otherwise would have no idea what we are talking about.
So I agree with you, but please allow me to think that something must be tried to understand how semantics charge ideology with meaning, and as some think, make ideology incarnate itself in the social world.
Interesting conversations…
on Thu Aug 23rd 2012 at 02:31:18 B. R.
Cornlia, it is interesting, keep on doing what you do, all voices are welcome against white racism
on Sat Jan 5th 2013 at 20:39:39 Fleecyhead Milagrero
you’ll have to explain to me what you mean by ‘winter rains’ and ‘summer rains’. what’s the difference between them? isn’t rain just rain regardless of season?
on Tue Jan 15th 2013 at 19:54:46 annef1
Hi everyone. What a great discussion, it’s great to see how you have all researched the topic. I would like to add that the switch from hunter gatherer to farming is presented as “progress” by a type of pro-colonialist scientists with an agenda…but we know now that this switch is not determined by “intelligence” but by circumstances, and also that hunters gatherers are healthier and have less negative impact on the environment than farmers and industrialists.
I come from a European country which is just as racist as the next one…but where colour is not defined the way it is in the US/UK (where I live now) because while northerners, in my country, can be pale, blue-eyed etc, southerners can definitely be olive skinned, with very dark eyes (darker than the eyes of some of my African and Asian friends for sure!) and hair. The UK nit-picking race separation shocked and angered me. Plus, they think that asking people their race on forms guarantees equal ops, this is not how the non-white concerned perceive it.
So I conducted my own experiments and I can assert that the way I am “classified” by most so-called white people in the UK depends entirely on how I am dressed, coiffed, made up (not talking skin tone change or even lenses however). This demonstrates how the perception of someone’s colour is based on superficial clues and prejudice. Besides, saying that blond is “white Nordic” only demonstrates ignorance as there are blond haired Australian aborigenes for instance.
I am not averse to talking DNA, genetics etc, but not in terms of races, in terms of retracing History and the routes taken by various groups of human beings so as to understand better who we are as an entire species. And don’t get me started on the survival of the fittest…Darwin never said it the way it has been used and abused!
on Thu Sep 3rd 2015 at 09:43:35 talibmensah
If you want a good read on African history by a someone working in historical linguistics (and without the racial framing of Diamond), check out Christopher Ehret’s book, Civilizations in Africa.
http://books.upress.virginia.edu/detail%2Fbooks%2Fgroup-2705.xml?q=Christopher%20Ehret
I don’t know enough about linguistics or African history to tell you how well-received his book was/is, but it certainly makes you think about African history in ways that don’t revolve around race!
on Wed Nov 1st 2017 at 17:31:34 ericrhetoricamubu
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UC medical workers strike over proposed pension cuts
University of California medical workers began a two-day strike early Tuesday morning at hospitals across the state to protest proposed reductions to their pension plans. [KPCC]
The UC employees union, a chapter of the American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees, began its walkout at 4 a.m. Tuesday from medical centers in San Diego, Orange, Los Angeles, Santa Monica, San Francisco and Sacramento. The strike prompted UC officials to postpone some surgeries and chemotherapy sessions for children.
The union, which represents 13,000 hospital pharmacists, nursing assistants, operating room scrubs and other health care workers, says it refuses to accept a proposal that would require more employee contributions by current workers and a second tier pension plan with reduced benefits for new hires. The proposal is similar to a plan accepted by other state workers.
Union officials also contend that the state should divert money away from executive pensions and direct it toward adding medical staffers.
“We care about our patients and we feel that we’re chronically understaffed and we need additional help,” Los Angeles radiation therapist Ruben Gomez told KCBS.
More than 2,000 workers are expected to walk out at UC facilities in Los Angeles and Santa Monica. Gomez said the strikers set up a task force to ensure that critically ill patients receive care.
On Monday, Sacramento County Superior Court Judge David Brown partially granted an injunction to stop the strike. Brown ordered 453 workers to remain on the job.
“There is reasonable cause to believe the strike would prevent delivery of an essential public service,” Brown said.
Subjects: California Health Care Labor Strike Labor Unions University of California
SLO crash sends motorcyclist to the hospital
Fingerprints proposed for foreign travelers
givemeabreak
Maybe they should check the unemployment lines and career opportunities elsewhere. Selfish and greedy……go find another job you FOOLS.
The Gimlet Eye
What if the TAXPAYERS went on strike?
A definite possibility…
I have nothing against anyone trying to earn a living wage, but to have to pay for unfunded perks, bennies and insurance for those who do not pay in to the pool adequately, is going to stop.
This is not a city, county, state or a federal problem it is universal. It was one of the unintended consequences of the process by which all public employees and many private employees were hired under. Who in their right mind would say no to a supposed “free” perk were it to be offered in order to entice you to take a job? The free ride is overand the contracts need to be revisited in order to make those gaining, also pay in according to their pay scale.
Well said, easymoney, well said.
In fact, I’m jealous. I couldn’t have expressed better the Libertarian point of view myself.
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212: PANEL: Community Collaboration for a Thriving Workforce 11:00 - 12:15
212: Career Decisions of Immigrants: Who Is Choosing? 12:15 - 13:30
212: Creating a Canadian Soft Skills Consensus: Proje... 13:30 - 14:20
212: Internationally Trained Professionals: They’re H... 16:10 - 17:00
213: Graduate Student Internship Program: Insights fr... 09:40 - 10:30
213: Future Skills: Preparing for the Future of Work 11:00 - 12:15
213: Mobilizing Locally to Step-Up Globally: The 2030 Challenge 12:15 - 13:30
213: Finding Meaning & Motivation 16:10 - 17:00
214: From Hidden Sorrow to Acknowledgement and Suppor... 09:40 - 10:30
214-1: (Carousels) Career Boost Connections: Holistic Support for Student Succes... 11:00 - 12:15
214-3: (Carousels) How to Adapt Concept-Mapping Intervention to Client Needs 11:00 - 12:15
214-4: (Carousels) Pre-Employment Training for Job Fit and Retention 11:00 - 12:15
214-2: (Carousels) Employer Engagement: Tips and Tools for Success 11:00 - 12:15
214: Innovative Approaches to Supporting Newcomer Job... 13:30 - 14:20
214: Your Organization and People with Disabilities 16:10 - 17:00
215: A Professional Development Accelerator: Achievin... 09:40 - 10:30
215-4: (Carousels) Employment Factors Enhancing Organization-Based Self-Esteem A... 11:00 - 12:15
215-5: (Carousels) The Begin Again Group: Empowering Refugee Women Through Micro... 11:00 - 12:15
215-2: (Carousels) Mobilizing Work Study Supervisors as Career Champions 11:00 - 12:15
215-3: (Carousels) Designing for Student Career Development and Success 11:00 - 12:15
215-1: (Carousels) Accessing Credit: How Microloans Are Getting People Jobs 11:00 - 12:15
215: Engaging the Online Generation by Gamifying Care... 13:30 - 14:20
215: Creating a Career Learning Framework and Curricu... 16:10 - 17:00
PANEL: Preparing Youth to Thrive in an Age of Di... 07:30 - 08:15
Networking Break | Pause de rése... 10:00 - 10:30
Closing Keynote Address | Allocution d'clôture: Trust: Building... 10:30 - 11:30
Closing Comments | Remerciements et mot de la fi...
Non-Traditional Assessment Tools That Rock! 08:30 - 10:00
PANEL: Theories and Models at Work - Ideas for Practice | Application pratique de la théorie et... 08:30 - 10:00
OYÀ:NA: Building Futures in Indigenous Youth Employment 08:30 - 10:00
Putting Values at the Centre of Your Leadership 08:30 - 10:00
PANEL: Future Ready: Young Leaders on Keeping the Next Generation in School 08:30 - 10:00
KAIROS Blanket Exercise: The Relationship Between Indigenous and Non-Indigenous Peoples 08:30 - 10:00
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Buffy the Vampire Slayer episodes, Buffy the Vampire Slayer Season 7
Never Leave Me
Air date November 26, 2002
Written by Drew Goddard
Directed by David Solomon
"Sleeper" next
"Bring on the Night"
Sarah Michelle Gellar Buffy
Nicholas Brendon Xander
Emma Caulfield Anya
Michelle Trachtenberg Dawn
James Marsters Spike
Alyson Hannigan Willow
Danny Strong Jonathan
Adam Busch Warren
Tom Lenk Andrew
Cynthia Lamontagne Lydia
Oliver Muirhead Phillip
Kris Iyer Nigel
Harris Yulin Quentin Travers
D. B. Woodside Principal Wood
Co Starring
Donald Bishop Butcher
Camden Toy Übervamp
Bobby Brewer Hoffman
Roberto Santos Grimes
Uncredited
Rob Nagle Robson
"Never Leave Me" is the ninth episode of the seventh season of Buffy the Vampire Slayer, and is the one hundred thirty-first episode altogether. It was written by Drew Goddard and directed by David Solomon. It originally broadcast on November 26, 2002.
The Scooby Gang begins to realize the magnitude of their peril. The Summers' home gains two captives: Spike and Andrew.
3 Body Count
5.2 Deleted Scenes
5.6 Goofs, Bloopers & Continuity Errors
Xander works to repair the living room window while Dawn, Willow, and Anya helped clean up and discuss the potential danger that was Spike. Wearing a trench coat, like Spike's, Warren coaches Andrew to continue playing his part in the game. Warren explains that because he cannot take corporeal form, Andrew's a crucial player in their "plan". Warren then morphs into Jonathan to continue the encouragement. Andrew stresses that he can't kill anymore, but Jonathan doesn't consider that to be a problem. Buffy tries to offer comforting words to Spike while she ties him down to a chair.
Make it tighter—the knots'll give. I get free, someone's gonna die.
Principal Wood lectures two students about damaging school property, convincing them that they're better off cleaning up their mess. Dawn interrupts the meeting by informing him that Buffy's too sick to attend work. Back at the Summers' home, Buffy calls the Watcher's Council, trying to track down Giles, although Quentin Travers informs her they've had little contact with him since he left Sunnydale. He promises to look into the matter, and upon hanging up he tells the group of Watchers in the room that Buffy knows nothing. He adds that they need to find Giles, and quickly. Buffy returns to check on Spike, but, after tasting so much human blood, his thirst was getting hard to control. Although he remains tied to his chair, he vamps out and snaps at Buffy. Outside of the room, Willow offers to get Spike some animal blood to help ease his cravings.
Warren coaches Andrew on killing a pig, but Andrew lets the pig escape. Instead, he resorts to getting the blood they need from a butcher. At the butcher shop, Andrew orders an array of meats and pig's blood, but as he leaves, he literally runs into Willow, spilling his purchases on the ground. He runs from Willow, but she catches up to him. Willow, knowing Andrew believes she is still "evil", takes advantage of the situation and frightens him. She's able to take him back to Buffy's house, pointing out his suspicious behavior and purchase of animal blood to the rest of the group. Xander and Anya interrogate Andrew while tied to a chair, but he's unable to provide any useful information. After Anya slaps Andrew in the face, Xander drags her out of the room, and, behind closed doors, the two rave about how well their performance with Andrew went.
Upstairs, Buffy gives Spike some of the animal blood Andrew bought, and it calms him down. He tells Buffy that he still remembers very little, if anything, about his killings. He also explains how he was able to get his soul back, and how he now realizes that Buffy was using him because of her own self-hatred. At that point, after falling in love with her and acquiring a soul, he had come to hate himself.
Spike attacks Andrew.
Xander returns to Andrew and changes his tactic to politeness. He unties Andrew and offers him water while using Anya's ability to hurt men as a threat. Anya comes charging in and attacks Andrew, intending to beat the knowledge out of him. When Xander pretends to try to pull Anya away, she turns around and accidently slaps him. She apologizes silently and then turns back to beat up Andrew. Buffy leaves Spike momentarily to investigate Andrew's cries for help, though Xander and Anya reassure her that all is well. While Buffy is away, the hallucination of Spike reappears and starts to talk to the real Spike. Buffy hears Spike talking and humming a song through the door, and when she opens the door, she finds him acting different. He asks for blood, but as soon as she turns away, he breaks free from his chair and knocks her down. In the next room, Andrew is finally revealing some information about the Seal of Danzalthar. However, Spike punches through the wall, grabs him, and viciously bites him. Buffy pulls Spike off of Andrew and knocks Spike out with a powerful kick.
Downstairs, Buffy talks to the gang about Spike's strange behavior. Based on Buffy's information, Xander concludes that some sort of evil is using a trigger to activate Spike's killer instincts. Buffy instructs the gang to begin researching so they can figure out what they're dealing with. At the high school, Principal Wood is leaving his office, but curiosity gets the best of him, and he goes into the basement. There, he finds Jonathan's body on top of the seal.
Buffy goes down to her basement to clean up Spike's wounds while he lay chained up to a brick wall. While she wipes away the blood, he wakes up, and tells her to kill him, claiming that she has never seen all of what Spike is capable of. Spike also says he was not something she was prepared to handle, and taunts her with details of his past assaults and person insults. However, she is undeterred by his words, and thinks that he's changed; she's not ready to give up on him yet.
Suddenly, the windows and doors break all over the house as robed figures attack the Scooby Gang. In a deserted location, Principal Wood buries Jonathan's body. The gang fights a vicious battle with the robed figures that attacked them. Most of the figures end up disabled or killed, but they didn't come for Buffy and the gang: they came for Spike.
Down in the basement, Buffy and Xander find Spike nowhere to be seen. Buffy recognizes the faces of the robed figures as Harbingers of Death (aka "Bringers") working for the First Evil, the entity that attempted to coerce Angel into killing himself in "Amends". She then discovers that the ghosts haunting them, the games being played on them, and the impending danger that would come from beneath are all connected to the First Evil.
The Watchers Council HQ is destroyed.
Meanwhile, Watchers report to Quentin about the numerous attacks on the Council around the world. Quentin confirms that the First Evil was responsible, and tell the group to prepare for battle. Seconds later, the Watchers Council headquarters explodes. In the school basement, Spike has been strapped to a wheel and the Bringers are cutting symbols into Spike's chest. The First talks to Spike -- in the shape of himself -- and blames him for the situation he's in. The First then morphs into Buffy and continues taunting Spike as the wheel is raised up to the ceiling, turning him face-first over the symbol on the ground. As Spike's blood falls onto the symbol beneath him, the seal begins to open, allowing a real vampire to emerge.
The headquarters of the Watchers Council was destroyed, killing many of the Watchers, including Lydia, Nigel, Phillip and Quentin Travers. It is later revealed that Caleb was responsible. However, Wesley refers to the Watchers Academy being in Hampshire rather than London, so presumably the organization is not entirely destroyed.
Prior to the destruction of the Council headquarters, Travers hears reports of their satellite offices all over the world being hit in a coordinated attack; with one Watcher estimating that they've been "crippled". Though Travers offers reassuring words, it's plausible the Watchers Academy was among those hit, either unreported or reported off screen; and the explosion at the London headquarters was the final death blow of the Council.
The first Turok-Han vampire is released by the First and will be a major threat against Buffy for a few episodes.
Andrew will appear in every episode of Buffy the Vampire Slayer from this point onward.
Andrew is also tied up, knocked out, and bitten by a vampire in this episode as nearly every Scooby has.
Anya refers to Spike's singing with the words "Maybe it's another musical.", relating to the events in "Once More, with Feeling".
Body Count[edit | edit source]
One Harbinger of Death, killed by Xander
Two Harbingers of Death, killed by Buffy with a dagger
Quentin Travers, killed in the bomb explosion by Caleb
Lydia, killed in the bomb explosion by Caleb
Phillip, killed in the bomb explosion by Caleb
Nigel, killed in the bomb explosion by Caleb
Unidentified watchers, killed in the bomb explosion by Caleb
Sunnydale, CA
This was the last episode to feature Harris Yulin as Quentin Travers. It was aired on the same night as Yulin's first appearance on 24.
Willow's enormous powers, even if she is not fully in control of them, forced the writers to figure out a way to keep her from being part of every fight. Here, she is immediately knocked unconscious when the Bringers attack. The same plot device is used in "Get It Done".
Deleted Scenes[edit | edit source]
This line where Xander plays the good cop was cut due to length:
Xander: "I know. You were in the wrong place at the wrong time. I get that. But they don't. They need your answers. It does seem suspicious, you know, you buying the blood."
Andrew: "That blood wasn't for me. I was just buying meat."
The title is derived from the refrain from the English folk song "Early One Morning," which is also the subliminal trigger that causes Spike to kill people, overriding both his soul and the pain chip implanted in his brain.
Andrew references the 1990 film Ghost when he talks to The First -- in the guise of Warren -- about corporeal and non-corporeal forms; in Ghost, Patrick Swayze appears to Demi Moore in a non-corporeal form similar to Warren/The First.
Andrew and The First, in the guise of Warren, again provide us with no end of Star Wars references.
As Andrew jumps to kill the piglet, he shouts "That'll do, pig," a famous line from the movie Babe.
When Andrew is at the butcher shop, the butcher says "This is a butcher shop, Neo, we don't sell toothpaste." The butcher is referencing The Matrix and Andrew's new "look", reminiscent of The Matrix's hero, Neo's, typical dress. The scene itself may be patterned after a convenience-store scene from the 1973 film American Graffiti in which a teenager tries to buy alcohol by slipping it into a list of unrelated items, much as Andrew attempts to deflect attention from his buying blood.
The Bible passage quoted by Travers before his death is Proverbs 24:6.
Quentin Travers makes a reference to a speech by Winston Churchill on September 9, 1941. He was paraphrasing the final two lines of the poem "Invictus" by William Ernest Henley with these lines: "We are still masters of our fate. We are still captains of our souls."
When Xander is explaining what is happening to Spike, he says "Trigger," and Anya responds "The horse?" This is a reference to Trigger the Horse, famous from American Western films.
French: Le sceau de Danzalthar (The seal of Danzalthar)
German: Boten des Bösen (Bringers of Evil)
Italian: Non mi lasciare (Don't leave me)
Robert Duncan - original score
Goofs, Bloopers & Continuity Errors[edit | edit source]
When Buffy leaves her bedroom to check on Xander and Anya, she walks out of her bedroom and onto the landing, then enters Dawn's bedroom from there. However, as seen in previous episodes, there is a door connecting their two bedrooms.
It is revealed that Buffy's basement has a cellar door. This was never seen when Xander and Cordelia were stuck in it in "What's My Line, Part Two" and "Bewitched, Bothered and Bewildered", in which they were hiding from the Bug Man and fleeing from a love-obsessed mob, respectively. It is likely that it was bolted shut.
About 9 minutes in, the scene with Spike tied to a chair, you can see the camera tracks in the bottom left corner.
When Principal Wood is burying Jonathan's body, after he's pushed the corpse in the hole, the actor's eyelids flicker. Also it's obvious that the actor playing Wood is not picking up a lot of dirt with the shovel.
This episode is Spike-centric.
In classic Whedonesque irony, The Watcher’s Council is wiped out right as they come to the conclusion of their series-long arc. Just as they realize their duty is providing the Slayer with support instead of telling her what to do from afar with no regard for her personal safety — and are about to travel to Sunnydale to finally take on their intended role — they are destroyed.
Vampire blood must be much more potent than human blood in regards to magic, as Spike shed just a little bit of blood onto the seal in contrast to all of Jonathon's, and yet the Seal opened with Spike's and not with Jonathon's.
Buffy: "He's been feeding on humans for weeks. Having some pretty bad withdrawal. I think we need to get him some blood."
Willow: "Want me to kill Anya?"
The First: "I was going to bleed Andrew, but you look a lot better with your shirt off."
Xander: "Usually the operative completes his task and either blows his head off or steals a submarine."
Retrieved from "https://buffy.fandom.com/wiki/Never_Leave_Me?oldid=229965"
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Episode 99: How to Nurture Relationships to Build Your Network, with David Fisher. 0
David J.P. Fisher (D. Fish) is a speaker, coach, and best-selling author of 7 books including the best-selling “Hyper-Connected Selling: Winning More Business by Leveraging Digital Influence and Creating Human Connection” and “Networking in the 21st Century: Why Your Network Sucks and What to Do About It.” Building on 20 years of experience as an entrepreneur and sales professional, he combines nuanced strategy and real-world tactics to help professionals become more effective, efficient, and happy. He helps them understand the new landscape of Hyper-Connected Selling, where social media, networking, and old-school sales and communication skills are the key to providing value and staying relevant. He lives in Evanston, IL – next to a huge cemetery which helps him appreciate the value of every day.
Why you can’t rely on referrals for new business
Networking: why it’s relational -- not transactional
How to build your network so it's stronger and serves your business better
Why size matters in your network -- and why not every connection has to be a strong one
Leveraging the social capital you create and making the ask at a time where you don’t come off as desperate
How to build and nurture relationships
Why young professionals really need to work on building their network
The power of the one-on-one and taking the opportunity to build deep relationships with people
Making sure social media is actually in service of your network building
Why the way we sell has to change in response to the change in the way people buy
How to sell by being the expert and guiding people through the information they already have
Using thought leadership to position yourself to be the one people turn to for help
Why you should aim to be a micro-influencer for a specific niche instead of trying to influence a broad topic (like marketing, PR, digital, etc.)
Ways to contact David Fisher:
Website: davidjpfisher.com
Twitter: @dfishrockstar
LinkedIn: www.linkedin.com/in/iamdfish
Books: www.amazon.com/David-J.P.-Fisher/e/B00SF5CXQQ/
Episode 98: How to Talk to Prospects to Win Their Business, with Robin Boehler. 0
Robin Boehler is a co-founder of Mercer Island Group, a boutique Marketing and Management Consultancy, a pre-eminent agency search consultant to clients and growth advisors to agencies of all sizes in the world. She loves making matches between agencies and clients. She thinks of the review process as a form of dating and loves helping agencies put their best feet forward.
Getting the agency-client relationship right from the very beginning
Why truly differentiating your agency is so crucial
The importance of doing your research on a prospect before ever speaking to them and how to do it well
Why you should never start out a pitch talking about your agency (and when is the right time to do so)
Why networking is the best way to get the opportunity to have quality conversations with prospects
How to spark curiosity in communication to prospects
Robin’s strategy for reaching out to connections that you haven’t spoken to in a while
Why you shouldn’t hold back a really smart question just because you don’t want a competing agency to hear it
Why each conversation you have with a prospect is the only one that matters
Why you must show true interest in a prospect’s business and then learn from what the prospect tells you
Ways to contact Robin Boehler:
Website: www.migroup.com
Episode 97: Everything You’ve Ever Wanted to Know About Podcasting, with Rob Walch. 0
Rob Walch was inducted into the Podcasting Hall of Fame in 2016. Rob is the Vice President of Podcaster Relations for Libsyn (LSYN) having joined Libsyn in 2007. Prior to joining Libsyn, he founded podCast411, Inc in 2004. Rob is Co-Author of the book “Tricks of the Podcasting Masters” in 2006, an editors pick as a Top 10 Reference book for 2006 by Amazon.com. Rob was listed as the 5th most influential person in podcasting according to the book “Podcasting for Dummies” Wiley Press 2005. He has consulted on podcasting for Jack Welch, Senator Edwards, Governor Bill Richardson, Noah Shanok (Stitcher), Tim Ferriss, Dr. Mark Hyman, and the Sacramento Kings/Monarchs to name just a few. He is also a monthly columnist for Podertainment: The Podcast Magazine. Rob is a member of the IAB Podcasting Working groups.
Rob started podcasting in 2004, and is the host of the award-winning podCast411 podcast, where he has interviewed such prominent podcasters as Quincy Jones, Walt Mossberg, Colin Ferguson (Eureka), Ronald Moore (Executive Producer of Battlestar Galactica), Phil Gordon (World Series of Poker), Larry Kudlow (CNBCs Kudlow and Company), and Leo Laporte (TechTV, G4 TV). Additionally, Rob is host of Today in iOS (iPhone) Podcast, the first and largest podcast about the iPhone and also the KC Startup 411 podcast which covers the Kansas City Startup scene.
Since 2004 Rob has presented at well over 100 events about podcasting.
How Rob moved podcasting from his hobby to his career
The biggest and most important trends in podcasting
Why you should record a couple podcasts before you release your first one -- but not so many that you never release one
The importance of having a way for your podcast listeners to contact you
Editing: an absolute must when it comes to podcasting
How many downloads the average podcast gets and how many downloads you need to make money
Different ways to monetize your podcast
How often to release an episode
Why you should never release an episode if it’s not ready
How to find great guests
Why you should edit out when a guest goes into full sales mode
The things you must do for your guests as a host
Why you shouldn’t ask the same questions to every guest
The mistake podcasters make when they feel indebted to their guests instead of their audience
How to start being a guest on podcasts you like
Why your podcast has to be about what you’re interested in regardless of whether that is popular or not
Why podcasts are much better than blogs
Ways to contact Rob Walch:
Email: rob@libsyn.com
Website: www.podcast411.com
Website: www.libsyn.com
Book: "Tricks of the Podcasting Masters"
Episode 96: Driving Leads and Sales Through Conversion Optimization, with Justin Christianson. 0
Justin Christianson is a 15-year digital marketing veteran and #1 bestselling author of “Conversion Fanatic: How to double your customers, sales and profits with A/B testing.” He is also the co-founder and President of Conversion Fanatics, a full-service conversion optimization company, and the host of the weekly podcast CMO Roundtable.
How Conversion Fanatics was born
Why you have to track and learn why people do what they do
The basics of conversions
Big mistakes people make when attempting to get people to convert
How to start testing for conversions
How to get your clients to actually do case studies
Some of the most surprising things Justin has learned from conversion testing
What makes an employee good for conversion work
Why split (A/B) testing and conversion optimization are two very different things
Why you must approach working with other agencies for a client with no ego
VR and video: why these two technologies are only going to grow in the future
How Justin stays on the cutting edge
How to pick the clients that are right for your agency
Ways to contact Justin Christianson:
Website: conversionfanatics.com
Book: "Conversion Fanatic"
Podcast: blog.conversionfanatics.com/podcast
Meclabs Institute
Conversion XL
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Drinking The Tears Of The World: Grief As Deep Activism, By Francis Weller
Mar 15, 2019 | Articles, Emotional/Spiritual, Grief, Sacred Activism, Trauma | 2 comments
–by Francis Weller, syndicated from riteofpassagejourneys.org, Feb 03, 2019
I have written often of the value and importance of grief. In the context of this section on resistance, I would like to amplify the essential importance of this often-neglected emotion and situate It squarely in the heart of our capabilities to respond to the challenges of our times.
Denise Levertov has a brief, but illuminating poem about grief. She says,
To speak of sorrow
works upon it
moves it from its
crouched place barring
the way to and from the soul’s hall.
It is our unexpressed sorrows, the congested stories of loss, when left unattended, that block our access to the soul. To be able to freely move in and out of the soul’s inner chambers, we must first clear the way. This requires finding meaningful ways to speak of sorrow.
The territory of grief is heavy. Even the word carries weight. Grief comes from the Latin, gravis, meaning, heavy, from which we get gravity. We use the term gravitas to speak of a quality in some people who carry the weight of the world with a dignified bearing. And so it is, when we learn to accompany our grief with dignity.
Freeman House, in his elegant book, Totem Salmon, shared, “In one ancient language, the word memory derives from a word meaning mindful, in another from a word to describe a witness, in yet another it means, at root, to grieve. To witness mindfully, is to grieve for what has been lost.” That is the intent and soul purpose of grief.
No one escapes suffering in this life. None of us is exempt from loss, pain, illness and death. Yet, how is it that we have so little understanding of these essential experiences? How is it we have attempted to keep grief separated from our lives and only begrudgingly acknowledge its presence in the most obvious of times? “If sequestered pain made a sound,” Stephen Levine suggests, “the atmosphere would be humming all the time.”
It feels somewhat daunting to step off into the depths of grief and suffering, yet I don’t know of any more appropriate way to continue our journey of reclaiming the indigenous soul than by spending time at the grief shrine. Without some measure of intimacy with grief, our capacity to be with any other emotion or experience in our life is greatly compromised.
Coming to trust this descent into the dark waters is not easy. Yet without this passageway being successfully transited, we lack the tempering that comes only from such a dropping. What do we find there? Darkness, moistness that turns our eyes wet and our faces into streams. We find the bodies of forgotten ancestors, ancient remnants of trees and animals, those that have come before and lead us back to where we have come from. This descent is a passage into what we are, creatures of earth.
The Four Gates of Grief
I have come to have a deep faith in grief; have come to see the way its moods call us back to soul. It is in fact, a voice of soul, asking us to face life’s most difficult but essential teaching: everything is a gift, and nothing lasts. To realize this truth is to live with a willingness to live on life’s terms and not try to deny simply what is. Grief acknowledges that everything we love, we will Iose. No exceptions. Now of course, we want to argue this point, saying we will keep the love in our hearts of our parents, or our spouse, or our children, or friends, or, or, or, and yes, that is true. It is grief however, that allows the heart to stay open to this love, to remember sweetly the ways these people touched our Iives. It is when we deny grief’s entry Into our Iives that we begin to compress the breadth of our emotional experience, and live shallowly. This poem from the 12th century, beautifully articulates this lasting truth about the risk to love.
FOR THOSE WHO HAVE DIED…
ELEH EZKERAH – These We Remember
‘Tis a fearful thing
What death can touch.
To love, to hope, to dream,
And ah, to lose.
A thing for fools, this,
But a holy thing,
To love what death can touch.
For your life has lived in me;
Your laugh once lifted me;
Your word was a gift to me.
To remember this brings painful joy.
‘Tis a human thing, love, A holy thing,
Judah Halevl or
Emanuel of Rome – 12th Century
This startling poem goes to the very heart of what it is I am saying. It is a holy thing to love what death can touch. To keep it holy however, to keep It accessible, we must become fluent in the language and customs of grief. If we don’t, our losses become great weights that drag us down, pulling us below the threshold of life and into the world of death.
Grief says that I dared to love, that I allowed another to enter the very core of my being and find a home in my heart. Grief is akin to praise, as Martin Prechtel reminds us. It is the soul’s recounting of the depth to which someone has touched our lives. To love is to accept the rites of grief.
I remember being In New York City less than a month after the towers were destroyed in 2001. My son was going to college there and this tragedy occurred shortly after his first major time away from home. He took me downtown to show me the city and what I saw touched me deeply.
Everywhere I went there were grief shrines, flowers adorning pictures of loved ones Iost in the destruction. There were circles of people in parks, some silent, others singing. It was clear that the soul had an elemental requirement to do this, to gather and mourn and weep and wail and cry out in pain in order for the healing to begin. On some level we know that this is a requirement when facing loss, but we have forgotten how to walk comfortably with this potent emotion.
There is another place of grief that we hold, a second gateway, different than the Iosses connected to losing someone or something that we love. This grief occurs in the places never touched by love. These are profoundly tender places precisely because they have lived outside of kindness, compassion, warmth, or welcome. These are the places within us that have been wrapped in shame and banished to the farther shore of our lives. We often hate these parts of ourselves, hold them with contempt and refuse to allow them the light of day. We do not show these outcast brothers and sisters to anyone and we thereby deny ourselves the healing salve of community.
These neglected places of soul live in utter despair. What we feel as defective, we also experience as loss. Whenever any portion of who we are is denied welcome and instead sent into exile, we are creating a condition of loss. The proper response to any loss is grief, but we cannot grieve for something that we feel is outside the circle of worth. That is our predicament, we are chronically sensing the presence of sorrow but we are unable to truly grieve because we feel in our body that this piece of who we are is unworthy of our grieving over. Much of our grief comes from having to crouch and live small, hidden from the gaze of others and in that move we confirm our exile.
I remember one young woman in her early twenties at a grief ritual we were doing in Washington. Over the course of the two days that we worked to turn over our grief and compost those pieces into fertile soil, she continuously cried quietly to herself. I worked with her for some time and heard the lamentations of her worthlessness through gasps and tears. When It was time for the ritual, she rushed to the shrine and I could hear her over the drums crying out, “I am worthless, I’m not good enough.” And she wept and wept, all in the container of the community, in the presence of witnesses, along side of others deep in the shedding of their grief. When it was over, she shone like a star and she realized how wrong the stories were about these pieces of who she is.
Grief is a powerful solvent, capable of softening the hardest of places in our hearts. To truly weep for ourselves and those places of shame, invites the first soothing waters of healing. Grieving, by its very nature, confirms worth. I am worth crying over: My losses matter. I can still feel the grace that came when I truly allowed myself to grieve all my losses connected to a life filled with shame. Pesha Gerstier beautifully speaks to the compassion of a heart opened by grief.
Finally on my way to yes
I bump into
All the places Where I said no
To my life.
All the unintended wounds
The red and purple scars
Those hieroglyphs of pain
Carved into my skin and bones,
Those coded messages
That sent me down
The wrong street
Where I find them,
The old wounds
The old misdirections,
And I lift them
And I say
The third gate of grief comes from registering the losses of the world around us. The daily diminishment of species, habitats, cultures, is noted In our psyches whether we know this or not. Much of the grief we carry is not personal, but shared, communal. It is not possible to walk down the street and not feel the collective sorrows of homelessness or the harrowing sorrows of economic insanity. It takes everything we have to deny the sorrows of the world. Pablo Neruda said, “I know the earth, and I am sad.” At nearly every grief ritual we have held, people share after the ritual that they felt an overwhelming sadness for the earth that they hadn’t been conscious of before. Walking through the doors of grief brings you into the room of the great grief of the world. Naomi Nye says it so beautifully tn her poem, Kindness, “Before you know kindness/ as the deepest thing inside, /you must know sorrow/ as the other deepest thing./ You must wake up with sorrow./ You must speak to it till your voice/ catches the thread of all sorrows/ and you see the size of the cloth.” The cloth is immense. There we all share the communal cup of loss and in that place find our deep kinship with one another. That is the alchemy of grief, the great and abiding ecology of the sacred once again showing us what the indigenous soul has always known; we are of the earth.
During one ritual we do annually called, Renewing the World, in which we communally address the needs of the earth to be fed and replenished, I experienced the depth of this grief held in our soul for the Iosses in our world. The ritual lasts three days and we begin with a funeral to acknowledge all that is leaving the world. We build a funeral pyre and then together we name and place onto the fire what it is that we have lost. The first time we dld this ritual I was planning on drumming and holding the space for the others. I did an invocation to the sacred and when the last word left my mouth I was pulled to my knees by the weight of my grief for the world. I sobbed and sobbed for each loss named and I knew in my body that each of these losses had been registered by my soul even though I never knew it consciously. For four hours we shared this space together and then we ended in silence acknowledging the deep losses in our world.
There is one more gate to grief, one difficult to name, yet it is very present in each of our lives. This entry into sorrow calls forward the background echo of losses that we may never even know to acknowledge. I wrote earlier about the expectations coded into our physical and psychic lives. We anticipated a certain quality of welcome, engagement, touch, reflection, in short, we expected what our deep time ancestors experienced, namely the village. We expected a rich and sensuous relationship with the earth, communal rituals of celebration, grief and healing that kept us in connection with the sacred. The absence of these requirements haunts us and we feel it as an ache, a sadness that settles over us as if in a fog.
How do we even know to miss these experiences? I don’t know how to answer that question. What I do know is that when granted to an individual, the aftermath often includes grief; some wave of recognition rises and the awareness dawns that I have lived without this all my life. This realization calls forth grief. I have seen this time and time again.
A young man of 25 recently participated in one of our annual gatherings for men. He came filled with the bravado of youth covering his tracks of suffering and pain with a multitude of strategies. What lingered beneath these tired patterns was his hunger to be seen, known and welcomed, He wept the most wrenching tears upon being called brother by one of the men. He shared later he considered joining a monastery so he could hear that word spoken to hlm by another man.
During our time together we held a grief ritual. Every man there, save this young man, had experienced this ritual before. Seeing these men dropping to their knees in grief broke him open. He wept and wept, falling to his knees and then slowly he began to welcome men back from the grief shrine and felt his place in the village solidify. He was home. He later whispered to me, “I have been waiting for this all my life.”
He recognized that he needed this circle; that his soul required the singing, the poetry, the touchlng. Every piece of these primary satisfactions helped to restore his being. He had his beginning in the new life.
The ability of grief to act as a solvent is critical in these times when the rhetoric of fear saturates the airways. It is difficult to resist the temptation to retract and close down the heart to the world. What then? What becomes of our concern and our outrage for the way things are going? Too often we go numb, covering our sorrows with any number of distractions from television to shopping to busyness. The daily portrayals of death and loss are overwhelming, and the heart, unable to set any of them down, goes into seclusion: And wisely so. Without the protection of the community, grief cannot be fully released, The stories above of the young woman and the young man illustrate an essential teaching in relation to the releasing of grief.
To fully release the grief we carry, two things are required: containment and release. In the absence of genuine community, the container is nowhere to be found and by default we become the container and cannot drop into the space in which we can fully let go of the sorrows we carry. In this situation we recycle our grief, moving into it and then pulling back Into our bodies unreleased. Grief has NEVER been private; it has always been communal. We often are awaiting the others so we can drop into the holy grounds of sorrow not even knowing that we are doing so.
It is grief, our sorrow that wets the hardened places within us, allowing them to open again and freeing us to once again feel our kinship with the world. This is deep activism, soul activism that actually encourages us to connect with the tears of the world. Grief is capable of keeping the edges of the heart pliable, flexible, fluid and open to the world and as such becomes a potent support for any form of activism we may intend to take.
Pushing Through Solid Rock
Many of us face challenges however, when we approach grief. The most noted obstacle perhaps, is that we live in a flat line culture, one that avoids the depths of emotions. Consequently, those feelings that rumble deep In our soul as grief get congested there, rarely finding a positive expression such as through a grief ritual. Our twenty-four hour a day culture keeps the presence of grief shunted to the background as we stand In the brightly lit areas of what is familiar and comfortable. As Rilke said In hls moving grief poem written over one hundred years ago,
It’s possible I am pushing through solld rock
in flintlike layers, as the ore lies, alone;
I am such a long way in I see no way through,
and no space: everything is close to my face,
and everything close to my face is stone.
I don’t have much knowledge yet in grief–
so this massive darkness makes me small.
You be the master: make yourself fierce, break in: then your great transforming will happen to me,
and my great grief cry will happen to you.
Not much has changed in the intervening century. We still do not have much knowledge in grief.
Our collective denial of our underlying emotional life has contributed to an array of troubles and symptoms. What is often diagnosed as depression is actually low-grade chronic grief locked into the psyche complete with all the ancillary ingredients of shame and despair. Martin Prechtel calls this the “gray sky“ culture, in that we do not choose to live an exuberant life, filled with the wonder of the world, the beauty of day to day existence or welcome the sorrow that comes with the inevitable losses that accompany us on our walk through our time here. This refusal to enter the depths has consequently shrunk the visible horizon for many of us, dimmed our enthusiastic participation in the joys and sorrows of the world.
There are other factors at work that obscure the free and unfettered expression of grief. I wrote earlier how we are conditioned deeply in the western psyche by the notion of private pain. This ingredient predisposes us to maintaining a lock on our grief, shackling it into the smallest concealed place In our soul. In our solitude, we are deprived of the very thing we require to stay emotionally vital: community, ritual, nature, compasslon, reflection, beauty and love. Private pain is a legacy of individualism. In this narrow story the soul is imprisoned and forced into a fiction that severs its kinship with the earth, with sensuous reality and the myriad wonders of the world. This itself is a source of grief for many of us.
Another facet of our aversion to grief is fear. I have heard hundreds of times in my practice as a therapist, how fearful people are of dropping into the well of grief. The most frequent comment is “If I go there, I’ll never return.” What I found myself saying to this was rather surprising. “If you don’t go there, you’ll never return.” It seems that our wholesale abandonment of this core emotion has cost us dearly, pressed us towards the surface where we live superficial lives and feel the gnawing ache of something missing. Our return to the richly textured life of soul and the soul of the world must pass through the intense region of grief and sorrow.
Perhaps the most salient obstacle is the lack of collective practices for the releasing of grief. Unlike most traditional cultures where grief is a regular guest in the community, we have somehow been able to cloister grief and sanitize it from the gut wrenching and heart-breaking event that it is.
Attend a funeral and witness how flat the event has become.
Grief has always been communal and has always been connected with the sacred. Ritual is the means whereby we can engage and work the ground of grief, allowing it to move and shift and ultimately take its new shape in the soul, which is one of deep acknowledgement of the place we will eternally hold in our soul for what was lost.
William Blake said, “The deeper the sorrow, the greater the joy.” When we send our grief into exile we simultaneously condemn our lives to an absence of joy. This gray sky existence Is intolerable to the soul. It shouts at us daily to do something about this, but in the absence of meaningful measures to respond or from the sheer terror of entering the terrain of grief naked, we turn instead to distraction, addiction or anesthesia. On my visit to Africa I remarked to one woman that she had a lot of joy. Her response stunned me with the comment, “That’s because I cry a lot.” It was a very un-American sentiment. It wasn’t “that’s because l shop a lot, or work a lot, or keep myself busy.” Here was Blake in Burkina Faso, sorrow and joy, grief and gratitude side by side. It is indeed the mark of the mature adult that we can carry these two truths simultaneously. Life is hard, filled with loss and suffering. Life is glorious, amazing, stunning, incomparable. To deny either truth is to Iive in some fantasy of the ideal or to be crushed by the weight of pain. Instead, both are true and it requires a familiarity with both to fully encompass the full range of being human.
The Sacred Work of Sorrow
Coming home to grief is sacred work, a powerful practice that confirms what the indigenous soul knows and what spiritual traditions teach: we are connected to one another. Our fates are bound together in a mysterious but recognizable way. Grief registers the many ways this depth of kinship is assaulted daily. Grief becomes a core element in any peacemaking practice, as it is a central means whereby our compassion is quickened, our mutual suffering is acknowledged.
Grief is the work of mature men and women. It is our responsibility to source this emotion and offer it back to our struggling world. The gift of grief is the affirmation of life and of our intimacy with the world. It is risky to stay vulnerable in a culture increasingly dedicated to death, but without our willingness to stand witness through the power of our grief, we will not be able to stem the hemorrhaging of our communities, the senseless destruction of ecologies or the basic tyranny of monotonous existence. Each of these moves pushes us closer to the edge of the wasteland, a place where malls and cyberspace become our daily bread and our sensual lives diminish. Grief instead, stirs the heart, is indeed the song of a soul alive.
Grief is, as has been said, a powerful form of deep activism. If we refuse or neglect the responsibility for drinking the tears of the world, her losses and deaths cease to be registered by the ones meant to be the receptors of that information. It is our job to feel these losses and to mourn them. It is our job to openly grieve for the loss of wetlands, the destruction of forest systems, the decay of whale populations, the erosion of soft, and on and on. We know the litany of loss but we have collectively neglected our response to this emptying of our world. We need to see and participate in grief rituals in every part of this country. Imagine the power of our voices and tears being heard across the continent. I believe the wolves and coyotes would howl with us, the cranes, egrets and owls would screech, the willows would bend closer to the ground and together the great transforming could happen to us and our great grief cry could happen to the worlds beyond. Rilke came to realize the profound wisdom in grief. May we too, come to know this place of grace inside this dark evergreen.
Duino Elegies
The Tenth Elegy
Someday, emerging at last from the violent insight,
let me sing out jubilation and praise to assenting angels.
Let not even one of the clearly-struck hammers of my heart
fail to sound because of a slack, a doubtful,
or a broken string. Let my joyfully streaming face
make me more radiant; let my hidden weeping arise
and blossom. How dear you will be to me then, you nights
of anguish. Why didn’t I kneel more deeply to accept you,
inconsolable sisters, and surrendering, lose myself
in your loosened hair. How we squander our hours of pain.
How we gaze beyond them into the bitter duration
to see if they have an end. Though they are really
our winter-enduring foliage, our dark evergreen,
our season in our inner year–, not only a season
in time–, but are place and settlement, foundation and soil
and home.
Resources on Grief Work
Didion, Joan, The Year of Magical Thinking. Knopf Books, 2005
Glendinning, Chellis. My Name is Chellis, And I’m In Recovery from Western Civilization, Shambhala Publications, 1994
Greenspan, Miriam. Healing Through the Dark Emotions, The Wisdom of Grief, Fear and Despair, Shambhala Books,
Grimes, Ronald. Deeply into the Bone: Reinventing Rites of Passage, University of California Press, 2000
Hall, Donald. Without, Houghton, Mifflln, 1968
Hogan, Linda. Dwellings: A Spiritual History of the Living World, Simon & Schuster, 1995
Hollis, James. Swamplands of the Soul: New Life in Dismal Places, Inner City Books, 1966
Jensen, Derrick. A Language Older Than Words, Context Books, 2000
Levine, Stephen. Unattended Sorrow, Rodale Press, 2005
Machado, Antonio. Times Alone, Selected Poems of Antonio Machada, translated by Robert Bly, Wesleyan Press, 1983
Oliver, Mary. Thirst, Beacon Press, 2006 (Mary Oliver’s poems dealing with the Ioss of her partner Molly)
Romanyshyn, Robert. The Soul in Grief: Love, Death and Transformation, North Atlantic Books. 1999
izzy on March 18, 2019 at 4:50 pm
“It is our job to feel these losses and to mourn them”.
Perhaps not so much a job, as a natural response, the repression of which is not healthy. But now the obstacles to clear thinking and feeling are not only rhetorical and social, but chemical and electrical; as the food we eat, and the air we breathe, and the unnatural electrosmog, now all-pervasive, have measurable effects on human cognition and mental functioning. We are far down the wrong path at this time.
The human race is currently in a schizophrenic condition, and our theatre of operations is being adversely affected by our behavior, even threatened wholesale.
“without our willingness to stand witness through the power of our grief, we will not be able to stem the hemorrhaging of our communities, the senseless destruction of ecologies or the basic tyranny of monotonous existence.” Indeed. Yet the process is far advanced, and even that willingness might not do the trick. If there was ever a time that invited the ‘release of attachment to outcome”, we are now there.
“The total number of minds in the Universe is One. In fact, consciousness is a singularity phasing within all beings.” – Erwin Schrödinger
carolyn on March 19, 2019 at 7:15 am
I have no problem with the word “job” because I have MORAL RESPONSIBILITY to grieve and to act. That won’t “do the trick” as you say because there is no trick to do. None of it will make any difference as far as outcome in the long term, but rising to my responsibility and natural heartfelt inclination will make me more human and more present which is the most important thing any of us can do and be as the inevitable occurs.
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Williams » Catalog » Courses and Programs 2020-21 » Psychology » Psychology Fall 2020-21 Class List » PSYC 405 Why We Believe What We Believe 2020-21
Why Do We Believe What We Believe? Fall 2020
As scientists, we aspire to hold beliefs that are based in evidence. As humans, however, we are likely to embrace beliefs influenced by a variety of social, historical, cultural, political, racial and religious factors. In this class, we will explore the question of why we cling to certain beliefs, even in the face of significant contradictory evidence. For example, what assumptions do we make about strangers and why are we so convinced these assumptions are correct? How does our culture affect our parenting choices and why do we hold them so fiercely? What assumptions do we make about the nature of memory and are these assumptions valid? Are there “defensive moves” that we make when we are challenged racially, even when we are committedly antiracist? And, if so, why? In class, we will explore source material from popular culture: books, films, podcasts and popular press articles, and we will examine claims made about different belief systems. We will then critically evaluate these claims by exploring the available empirical psychological evidence. The format of this class is student-led discussions.
The Class: Format: seminar; My goal is to conduct as many of our classes in-person as reasonably feasible. Students who are on-campus will be encouraged to attend the seminar in person. Those who are unable to attend in person will join remotely. Students will be required to meet with me in small groups prior to leading discussions to review their discussion plan. These meetings will occur in person or remotely, depending on scheduling availability.
Grading: no pass/fail option, yes fifth course option
Requirements/Evaluation: Students will be required to develop and lead rigorous generative discussions with their classmates several times during the semester. In addition, students will be expected to actively participate in discussions and to write three 5-7 page position papers.
Enrollment Preferences: senior Psychology majors
PSYC 405 - H1 (F) SEM Why We Believe What We Believe
Nicole T. Harrington
MR 3:15 pm - 4:30 pm
Stetson Court Classroom 105
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Be Safe. Clean. Green.
Online automotive training for less than $1 a day.
Ford urges 2,900 pickup owners to stop driving after new Takata death
Posted on January 11, 2018 by CCAR in DOT
from; https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ford-takata/ford-urges-2900-pickup-owners-to-stop-driving-after-new-takata-death-idUSKBN1F02GN
WASHINGTON (Reuters) – Ford Motor Co said on Thursday it had confirmed a second death in an older pickup truck caused by a defective Takata airbag inflator and urged 2,900 owners in North America to stop driving immediately until they can get replacement parts.
The second largest U.S. automaker said it confirmed in late December that a July 2017 crash death in West Virginia in a 2006 Ford Ranger was caused by a defective Takata inflator. It previously reported a similar death in South Carolina that occurred in December 2015.
Ford said both Takata deaths occurred with inflators built on the same day installed in 2006 Ranger pickups. At least 21 deaths worldwide are linked to the Takata inflators that can rupture and send deadly metal fragments into the driver’s body. The faulty inflators have led to the largest automotive recall in history. The other 19 deaths have occurred in Honda Motor Co vehicles, most in the United States.
Ford issued a new recall for automobiles that had been previously recalled in 2016. Of those 391,000, the new recall announced on Thursday affects 2,900 vehicles. These include 2,700 in the United States and nearly 200 in Canada. The new recall will allow for identification of the 2,900 owners in the highest risk pool.
The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration urged owners to heed Ford’s warning. “It is extremely important that all high-risk air bags are tracked down and replaced immediately,” NHTSA spokeswoman Karen Aldana said.
Ford will pay to have vehicles towed to dealerships or send mobile repair teams to owners’ homes and provide free loaners.
Takata said in June that it has recalled, or expected to recall, about 125 million vehicles worldwide by 2019, including more than 60 million in the United States. Some 19 automakers worldwide are impacted.
Takata inflators can explode with excessive force, unleashing metal shrapnel inside cars and trucks. The defect led Takata to file for bankruptcy protection in June. Last year, Takata pleaded guilty to wire fraud and were subject to pay a total of $1 billion in criminal penalties in a U.S. court in connection with the recalls.
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ccpopculture
ccpopculture: movie reviews and other pop culture analysis, 200 words at a time.
Extended Cut
On Boyhood, Birth of a Nation and Being a White Critic
davecrewe / February 18, 2015
This morning I woke up, stumbled out of bed, then checked Twitter, because apparently that’s where my priorities are directed nowadays. I discovered that Film Twitter – that is, the loose collection of cinephiles and critics that populate Twitterdom – had set its sights on what sounded like a monumentally misjudged takedown of Best Picture contender and critical darling Boyhood. Prominent critic Peter Labuza sneered: “Like Triumph of The Will, Birdman is also visually audacious…” Someday I’m gonna sell out so hard and write the stupidest hatchet jobs. Matt Zoller Seitz opined that: Comparing every offensive movie to BIRTH OF A NATION is the “comparing every offensive political thing to Nazis” of film crit.
I went Googling – Twitter operates on snark, superiority and snide riffing, so I wasn’t going to miss out. I eventually stumbled onto Sam Adams’ Criticwire piece ‘Boyhood’ and the White Savior with the sub-heading “Does “Boyhood’s” near-total absence of Latino characters make it racist?” The author gave me pause – Sam Adams is very much in the inner-circle of respected Film Twitter critics, and not generally the kind of gentleman to attract the kind of widespread derision I was witnessing. But perusing the piece revealed both the real target and the uncomfortable streak of, if not racism, then uncritical white privilege behind the Twitter pile-on.
The piece attracting all of those barbs (here are some more of them) was a blog post titled Racism in BOYHOOD is the Worst Kind by one Professor Grisel Y. Acosta. It’s the most recent post on her personal site, “Write to Right,” (which has been running since 2005). It was published a fortnight before Adams’ article and picked up by Latino Rebels a couple days later (where it presumably caught Adams’ attention). Acosta laid out a coherent, straightforward argument in her article: 1) that Boyhood’s lack of non-white, specifically Mexican characters wasn’t a realistic depiction of its Texas setting and 2) the one Hispanic actor in the film, Roland Ruiz, was shackled to a tired white saviour narrative, freed from a low-paying job by the inspirational influence of Patricia Arquette’s character.
Certainly, there are coherent counter-arguments to be made. Personally, I’ve never been particularly convinced that art needs to be an accurate reflection of real demographics, for example (though I’m no position to talk specifically about Texas given I’ve never even visited America). But the dismissal of Acosta’s position wasn’t motivated by intelligent arguments but by mean mockery of her lede, which compared Boyhood to Birth of a Nation. Yes, it’s a provocative way to open an article, but it’s a rare critic who hasn’t opened a thoughtful essay with something provocative before stepping it back a little. Agosto raised the comparison not to suggest that Boyhood was as overtly racist as D.W. Griffiths’ Klan propaganda, but to illustrate the difference between such overt racism and the more insidious, unthinking racism that powers disproportionate representation of races in mainstream films.
But, no, let’s all make fun of Agosto. Let’s join a bunch of white male critics – all of whom I suspect regard themselves as progressive, if their writing is anything go by – in ridiculing a “urban, multi-national, multi-ethnic” woman with a PhD in English/Creative Writing because she dared impugn a film you really liked, rather than critically engage with her statement. Let’s accuse her of writing an Oscar hatchet-job despite her piece containing no mention of the Academy Awards whatsoever. Let’s dismiss any possibility of racism in Boyhood – or mainstream movies at large – because of an ill-considered analogy. After all, we’re white people paid to write about movies – we know what is and isn’t racist far better than Dr Agosto.
I’m not as good a film critic as Peter Labuza or Glenn Kenny. I doubt I ever will be. And I’ve seen from these men’s writing – and the other individuals who jumped into the fray on Twitter – that these are thoughtful, socially engaged writers who think about issues like race and gender. For the most part, these critics are abundantly aware of their white privilege (as Matt Zoller Seitz demonstrated in this fantastic essay). But all that power that comes with white privilege – specifically, the expectation of having your voice heard – should come with responsibility. And I reckon that responsibility includes not shouting down an outsider’s perspective simply because they don’t have as many Twitter followers as you – particularly when their perspective on whether or not Boyhood is, in fact, racist carries a lot more weight than yours.
February 18, 2015 in Commentary, Film. Tags: birth of a nation, boyhood, d.w. griffiths, film, grisel y. acosta, patricia arquette, racism, roland ruiz, twitter
Why Does Everyone Like Boyhood So Much?
Sydney Film Festival: Boyhood (2014)
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6 thoughts on “On Boyhood, Birth of a Nation and Being a White Critic”
Abbi says:
Whether there is or isn’t a case of racism existent in Boyhood (which I loved by the way), I think the conversations need to be had. As people who inherently have some kind of privilege we are often unintentionally guilty of just not thinking about or noticing things. The best way to breakdown privilege is by making people conscious of it and it becoming part of their normal thought patterns.
davecrewe says:
For sure. Like, I’m all for making fun of poorly-written articles, but when its paired with the dismissal of a person’s perspective by a bunch of people with privilege (like myself), it leaves an especially sour taste. Worth everyone taking a second to think about this sort of thing!
Steve Sailer says:
The reality is that there are a whole bunch of talented white guys stabbing each other in the back to get ahead. One way to do it is to accuse each other of racism.
Perhaps that’s true, but honestly my experience – observed and personal – is that most critics are quite supportive of other critics. Snark tends to be directed at outsiders, which is fine if someone’s genuinely written something dumb but is certainly problematic in this case. As I said in the piece, I don’t think it’s intentionally racist or anything, just ill-considered.
plabuza says:
Since I was addressed here, let me speak a couple words. That scene in BOYHOOD is *highly* problematic, and the lack of Latino characters in a state filled with them is a big issue. But there’s an argumentation problem here, which was my reason for the sneer response. Once you compare to BIRTH OF A NATION, there’s a whole can of issues that open up. As a historian first and a critic second, I find the characterization of BIRTH problematic here (you’d actually be hardpressed to find a film school that actually still teaches the film, especially since Griffith’s Biograph films, or his later 20s work, are far more innovative). But it’s simply a bad opening because it drops a Godwin’s Law (the author could have used hundreds of different films—it’s not like the history of American cinema is hard pressed to find racism), and to use it as an opening it feels like a grab for attention instead of careful articulation (which I think *does* in part follow). That was the only reason for my snark—it’s a poor way to get into a thorny subject.
Thanks for your considered response, Peter. I should note that I don’t feel that any one of those tweets, by itself, is problematic – I agree, as I mentioned in the piece, that it’s an “ill-considered analogy.” (Looking through Agosto’s blog, she doesn’t write on film particularly often, so I suspect she was just selecting an obvious overtly racist film from which to begin her argument.) I was more troubled by the groupthink that had pretty much every prominent (and, generally, white) critic on Film Twitter putting the boot in on the piece, and only after Sam Adams (another prominent white critic, and like yourself a critic I respect greatly) brought it to people’s attention. And when I tried to challenge people on Twitter about it (including yourself – https://twitter.com/ccpopculture/status/567796211131916288), no-one seemed interested in engaging (perhaps because I lack sufficient “Twitter cred”).
I don’t think that you, or any of the other critics bagging on the lede are racist (with the possible exception of this tweet – https://twitter.com/rgodfrey/status/567780870615216128): I do think that, observed from the outside, this sort of en masse snark directed at an outsider has some troubling (unintentional) connotations. The intent of the snark might have been to deride a poor comparison, but when everyone’s doing it rather than engaging with the actual issues it comes across wrong (this is pretty endemic to Twitter as a whole, of course), and from my perspective, the wider response is, itself, “a poor way to get into a thorny subject.”
Thanks again for your response. I hope it’s clear that this intended to be in any way a personal attack on you or the other critics mentioned – I really admire you guys – but rather a reaction to a wider Twitter trend.
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The Left Archive: British and Irish Communist Organisation… The Irish Communist from 1973. August 9, 2007
Posted by irishonlineleftarchive in British and Irish Communist Organisation (BICO), Irish Left Online Document Archive.
As half-promised here is a PDF (6mbs large) of the Irish Communist, the theoretical journal of the British and Irish Communist Organisation. Dating from 1973 TIC was a typewritten journal, 36 pages long. My apologies for the somewhat idiosyncratic scanning and the unusual angles. bico-1973.pdf
In any case the journal contains three articles, one on the “Ulster Liberals, the Protestant Working Class and the Struggle against Home Rule”, one on “The Lenin-Trotsky Controversy on the Trade Unions 1920 – 1921” and “The Rights of Nations and the Duties of Communists”. Intriguingly the same names as we see in the Irish Historical Review appear here. The consistency within BICO and its successors – in terms of those involved – is quite striking.
The emphasis on Leninism is also evident. The quote on the front is “Without a revolutionary theory, there can be no revolutionary movement”. As interesting in its own way is the list of periodicals, pamphlets and books issued by BICO on the last two pages. An eclectic mix, to be honest. They range from “On the Democratic Validity of the Norther Ireland State” (a bargain at 5p), “The Two Irish Nations: A reply to M. Farrell”, “Is Wales a Nation?” (I’d like to see that one) and then a worrying section entitled ‘by Stalin’ wherein we can feast upon such ideological delights as “Economic Problems of Socialism in the USSR”, “On an Article by Engels” and “On Trotsky”.
In a way the dustiness of the enterprise is underscored by this nostalgic – if that is the right term – rummaging through arguably one of the most benighted strains in Marxism and taking it with any seriousness.
But the real meat is in the articles. I think they give a real taste of the mixture of ideological certainty, almost complete identification with Stalinism (in the most specific sense of the term) and special pleading as regards the advanced status of the Unionist working class on the island and I’d be interested in any comments on same.
1. conor mccabe - August 9, 2007
This is fantastic! Thanks wbs.
2. WorldbyStorm - August 9, 2007
But will you thank me after you’ve read it? Hmmm….
3. conor mccabe - August 10, 2007
4. John Callaghan - August 10, 2007
Thanks very much for posting this. Have you any more from this source?
5. splinteredsunrise - August 10, 2007
Oddly enough, I’ve just been rereading Clifford’s Against Ulster Nationalism from 1975, and quite the read it is. It’s fascinating how Brendan managed to shape the house style… certainly Manus uses far more Cliffordisms than he used to.
6. Grendel - August 10, 2007
I had no idea that Mr. Jack Lane was a once screaming Unionist (Pg. 26 saying Dev equals Idi Amin, indeed. What nonsense!).
Another offshoot of the obnoxious B&ICO sect were the Ernest Bevin Society, an “Old Labour” group in Britain with strong Leninist overtones. I think Eamonn O’Kane might have been a member. They published a journal called Labour and Trade Union Review, which has a website here:
http://ltureview.com/index.php
They were best known for supporting the Bullock Report advocating Worker’s Control in 1977, and were also pro-EC. They were also very critical of the mainstream Labour party, eg. this attack on the party’s attitude to the monarchy:. http://members.aol.com/BevinSoc/l4br.htm
A Guardian article I found from Raphael Samuel (Dec.2 1985) states they were opposing the miners’ strike at the time. More disturbingly, they were also:
*Sympathetic to some of Enoch Powell’s ideas (Powell said he was a racist, the EBS said he wasn’t),
*Hysterically anti-New Left,
*anti-nuclear disarmament-see http://members.aol.com/BevinSoc/l3defence.htm
*anti-environmentalist,
*and uncritically pro-Milosevic during the Balkan wars.
I think they support the BB oaf George Galloway nowadays.
Somebody on Indymedia claimed that Brendan Clifford and his organisations had “all the left-wing credentials of the John Birch Society or the Monday Club”. I think he/she was right.
Ultra-leftists becoming raving right wingers isnt confined to Ireland.
Have a look at the website Last Super Power run by Albert Langer an ex-member of the CPA (ML) in Australia. Langer left the party as a supporter of the ‘Gang of Four’
These days he supports the Anglo-US war against Iraq.
http://www.lastsuperpower.net/
Even madder – the Irish connection – – have a read of their review of Ken Loach’s ‘The Wind that Shakes the Barley’ by one of their bespeckled female loonies!
http://www.lastsuperpower.net/disc/members/0139775542329/view?searchterm=loach
8. WorldbyStorm - August 11, 2007
Sorry, that sort of exhausts my cache of BICO stuff. Still, coming soon from 1976 – CPI-ML!
John, the Last Super Power group seem almost as scary as Clifford’s cult!
Perhaps significantly, the Last Super Power website says they “reject green ideology because it opposes rapid development, fears change and romanticises pre-industrial life.” Both the Bevin Society and the Last Super Power are anti-green. I think the explanation for this might be Leninist/Stalinist ideology.
In Derek Wall’s excellent anthology Green History, he
includes a section on anti-environmental thought. One of the excerpts is from Sidney and Beatrice Webb’s infamous book Soviet Communism. The Webbs praise Stalin for carrying out the “transformation of the environment” through building massive canals, roads, cities, etc. The excerpt is a good example of authoritarian socialist attitudes to nature.
I think when some of these authoritarian socialists embrace capitalism, they carry these anti-nature, pro-technocratic ideas with them.
10. WorldbyStorm - August 11, 2007
Grendal, how strangely similar they are to Spiked and the other remnants of the RCP….
11. Grendel - August 11, 2007
Yes, WBS, you’re quite right. In his WP days, wasn’t Senator Eoghan Harris a green-basher as well?
Actually, some of the WP’s ideas were influenced by B&ICO
Some members of the WP came from BICO by way of the DSP and other formations…
13. John Callaghan - August 11, 2007
Hello Grendel,
I dont think its their “authoritarian socialism” that leads them to take strange positions as the same views are not reflected in the other ML groups. say RCPB(ML) or CPGB(ML).
CPI(ML) from 1976 – brilliant! Looking forward to that.
Actually, I’m not sure why say, B&ICO would differ from say, the
CPGB on other political issues. I do think, however that Leninism/Stalinism is anti-environmentalist and this is why these groups (B&ICO/EBS,LSP,Spiked and possibly
the WP) are against the green movement.
It’s very odd that for about 20 years,Brendan Clifford and B&ICO campaigned aggressively against
all forms of Irish nationalism (Judging from his writings, Clifford would benefit greatly from an anger mangement course!). This would involve the expenditure of lots of time, money and resources. Then in the 1990s, they all suddenly, en masse embraced the same position they had previously denounced! And there didn’t seem to be any arguments or splits in
the group about it. This is the kind of behaviour one normally gets with say, Lyndon Larouche’s group, or the SWP on a very bad day.
15. Ed Hayes - August 13, 2007
I don’t know if you have any more BICO publications in your archive WBS. Their coverage of the UDA/UVF in the mid 70s is pretty ‘interesting’ mainly because they continually made excuses for them. They were prone to making nasty and snide remarks about their rivals and enemies as well, some of which verged on anti-Catholic sectarianism. Now they are doing much the same thing, except from the opposite side.
Over the last week, I went searching thru the web for info on the British and Irish Communist Organisation, the Irish Political Review, and its members.
These are some of the key people in B&ICO and its descendant groups:
Brendan Clifford ?1926-
Angela Clifford nee Angela Khalil 1942-
Manus O’Riordan ?
Jack Lane 1945-
David Alvey ?
David Morrison ?
Peter Brooke (NOT the Tory Politician) 1948-
Joe Keenan ?1952-
Bill Warren 1935-1978
Pat Walsh 1961-
Alan Carr ?1947-
And here are some links which discuss the organisation :
http://www.indymedia.ie/article/80451
From Peking to Aubane-an excellent discussion of the B&ICO/IPR group’s development, by Danny McGrain-this article sparked my own interest in the organisation’s history. People unfamiliar with the subject should probably start here.
http://archives.econ.utah.edu/archives/marxism/2001w07/msg00018.htm
One of several discussions on this mailing list of B&ICO. Talks about Clifford, Bew and the Worker’s Party. Makes an amusing speculation on the group’s embrace of Irish nationalism.
http://www.marxists.org/history/etol/newspape/isj/1972/no051/trench.htm
Brian Trench: Two nations Fallacy From International Socialism 1972 (Attacks the ICO-later B&ICO-positions).
http://www.politics.ie/archive/o_t/t_12540/start_24/index.html
A politics.ie discussion that mentions B&ICO.
http://archive.workersliberty.org/wlmags/wl102/globalisation.htm
An Alliance for Worker’s Liberty article which mentions B&CIO academic Bill Warren- B&ICO is described as a “Stalinist-Kautskyist” sect.
http://www.workersrepublic.org/Pages/Ireland/Trotskyism/robertdorn2.html
Robert Dorn (Aka DR O’Connor Lysaght) 1973 (claims that the B&ICO “two nations” theory is reactionary, and the true cause of partition is British Imperialism).
http://www.geocities.com/socialistparty/Publications/FWUIntro.htm
For Workers Unity 1974 (Probably the most famous anti-B&ICO pamphlet, censuring the B&ICO/Workers Association’s attempts to sever the union movement along sectarian lines).
http://marxist.com/TUT/TUT7-2.html
The oldest item I could find, (1966), in which Ted Grant of Militant attacks the Irish Communist Group’s Stalinist “stages” theory, postulated by… a pre-B&ICO Brendan Cliffor. Perhaps this “stages theory” was also taken up by the Workers’ Party?
And now I’m going to rest with teabags over my eyes….
Thanks for that… I’m surprised there is so much in a way.
Ed, if you have any other publications from them that would be very interesting…
Apparently, some people are still using the ideas of the “old”
B&ICO group to oppose Irish nationalism. I once read a book
called “The Communist Manifesto:New Interepretations” edited by Mark Cowling, and published in 1998. In a section on Northern
Ireland, Cowling attacked traditional views of NI, along with Marx and Connolly, and accused support for nationalism of leading to support for PIRA terrorism. Cowling praises B&ICO along Paul Bew and Peter Gibbon,whom he claims give a more accurate view of NI.
They can’t make a quarter-century of unionism disappear….
19. Starkadder - August 17, 2007
While reading through Village’s online edition, I came across
a letter from David Alvey saying his “group” (presumably the
IPR, formerly BICO group) had sent a memorandum to
Brian Lenihan calling for a tribunal to be set up into the Irish
Times and the Mahon Tribunal. Apparently Brendan Clifford
has been giving out about the IT for decades.,
but this seems to be the group’s first foray in real politics
since the Bob McCartney fiasco of the 1980s.
Personally, I think the IPR’s action is despicable, and reminded me
of that time Mary Ellen Synon called for that journalist to be jailed.
http://www.village.ie/Forum/Media_Blog/The_Irish_Times_and_the_General_Election/
Oh dear God, now they’ve got delusions of adequacy… thanks for that Starkadder. I think you’re dead right.
Squealing to the authorities is seen as admirable in this
clique of former Stalinists. I don’t know if Lenihan will
pay any attention to the letter, but an organisation that tries to
obstruct corruption investigations should be opposed by the Left.
In Cork, I’ve read both the IPR and its sister magazine Church &
State, which are carried by the City Library.The last issue had Brendan Clifford denoucing Ivana Bacik and Indymedia posters who criticised him. The current issue has attacks on the IT, Chekov Feeney and the Tribunals. There was nothing by
Clifford,though…maybe the men in white coats finally caught him.
Do you think the IPR represents the ‘left’ in any meaningful sense Grendal, at this stage? Incidentally, just noticed Clifford’s age. I must grudgingly concede that I admire his ability to maintain a perennial inconsistency… but not his politics. Not even a bit.
What is Cliffords ire with Bacik?
23. chekov - August 18, 2007
“The current issue has attacks on the IT, Chekov Feeney and the Tribunals.”
Is there an August issue? If so, goody, another one for the scrap book. I hope it’s better than the last one, I want some proper denunciatory rhetorical spite. What do they call me?
I only glanced thru the mags both times-I’ve been reading it for the
last two years in the library. However, along with the British Socialist
Standard, I always found it rather boringly written and only read it for shock
value (Haughey a saint! Milosevic a saint! The Rwandans asked for it!
Martin Mansergh is a devil-worshipping West Brit!).
The IPR’s memorandum is online here:
http://www.atholbooks.org/dublin/memo.php
I found their quoting of the infamous Major McDowell letter highly hypocritical, given that they used write such racist BS as this:
“Nationalism is the curse of the labour movement in Ireland…It has been assumed that a national struggle for self-determination is automatically progressive and deserves the support of the working class,and if fact should be carried out by the working class if the nation bourgeoisie are not up to the task.”
“This view persists despite a host of great fighters against British imperialism who will go down in history as the most rabid reactionaries of the 20th century, like General Grivas,
General Amin ,De Valera to name but three contemporary examples” (pg. 26).
The next time Lane posts to Indymedia, let’s post this passage
up for a laugh….
They call you “The Evil One” Chekov, “The Evil One”, naturally… 😉
Wow, they really have it in for poor Martin Mansergh. I thought that too Grendal, what a bunch of hypocrits. They find one extremely unpleasant example of racist material and then decide ‘that’s it, that informs everything else from here on in…’ And on another issue I find their approach to Anglo-Irish culture a weird mix of populism and elitism simultaneously that treads dangerously close to a sort of small s cultural/religious sectarianism.
The journalist that Starkadder referred to was Susan O’Keeffe.
Mary Ellen Synon called for her to be arrested, presumably
because O’Keeffe’s investigations threatened the Private Property of
Rich White Chrisitans-the American Right’s unforgivable sin.
Oddly, David Alvey used to write for the IT years ago.
Lovely people.
There was an article worth reading in the July IPR, a letter written by Mick O’Riordan to an American communist in 1939 that does provide some insights into both Irish communist and IRA thinking on the eve of the Second World War. Manus (Mick’s son) was of course in BICO which the CPI hated so family get togethers must have been fun. On the list of BICO members above; don’t forget Peter Cassells, Kate Hoey, and Rosheen Callender.
29. Idris of Dungiven - August 22, 2007
*The* Kate Hoey? As in the Nulabor minister?
Yep, former member of the Workers Asociation for a Democratic settlement in Norn Iron, a BICO front, one of many…also included the current Lord Bew.
True story. When I left these shores in 1989/90 for London I enquired as to who if any I should get in contact in the UK who would be sympathetic to the WP. Kate Hoey’s name topped the list…
It’s well known that John Lloyd, the former editor of the “New Statesman”,
was a B&ICO member. This probably explains Lloyd’s pro-Unionist
stance on Northern Ireland. He discusses his membership and
why he left in this NS article:
http://www.newstatesman.com/200705070035
The IPR once described Prionsias De Rossa as having spent his life ‘whoring after false gods’. Which I think is actually unfair on P de R, but sums up the likes of Eoghan Harris and John Lloyd to a T.
34. splinteredsunrise - August 23, 2007
Their hatchet jobs on Bew are quite good… and every so often Sean McGouran will stick the boot into Jeff Dudgeon. The LTUR has less in the way of esoteric catfights, but I suppose that’s part of the IPR’s quirky charm.
“As interesting in its own way is the list of periodicals, pamphlets and books issued by BICO on the last two pages. An eclectic mix, to be honest”.
According to the British Library website, Brendan Clifford wrote/edited almost seventy books and pamphlets. The B&ICO published around 62 items. Add the Worker’s Association (10 items) & Bevin Society (9 items) and the group is far ahead of its nearest rival, the
SWP, which published 48 items in the BL. Other leftist organisations I picked for
comparison fare even worse:
RCP: 14 items
Militant: 7 items
Alliance for workers liberty: 8 items
Class War Federation:6 items
Athol Books may be a like a vanity press for Clifford and his followers, but that kind of output is still admirable. Or rather, would be, if the
material wasn’t full of Stalinist/Loyalist/Haughey-ist blether…
(As an aside, I noticed John Sullivan’s article, while amusing, was inaccurate. He claimed that
” The reputation of most Irish “Marxists” has never recovered from Clifford’s revelations, …Clifford’s victory, once quotations were verified, was almost too complete. Other groups had little choice but to adopt neo-Cliffordian positions”.
In fact, I discovered Clifford’s ideas had been seriously challenged at the time,by people like Trench and Lysaght, and some groups such as Militant, arguably adopted “anti-Cliffordian” positions).
Now that’s telling. Stakhanovite, is that not the term?
Fair point about Sullivan, I think it’s fairly flippant throughout (and I can’t help feeling that there’s just a tinge of Englishism to it) but still quite witty.
‘Quantity has a quality all its own’. Well, they are/were Stalinists. . .
38. Anonymous - August 30, 2007
Thanks very much for the scan. It backs up the Indymedia article’s claims about their ideological about-face. It’s fascinating in particular to see Jack Lane attacking Dev, as the latter is now in the IPR’s good books. It’s probably what a commenter on the politics.ie board said (think it was from there): they’re the lunatic fringe that serves to make the rhetoric of Eoghan Harris and suchlike sound reasonable, and taints the causes they espouse by association.
Interesting that Kate Hoey was linked to them, as they have an article attacking her here: http://www.atholbooks.org/review/hoey.php
Actually, it wasn’t politics.ie, it was Indymedia article.
Glad to help. I saw the indymedia article which sort of covered the same ground, but as you sort of point out without physical material it can be difficult to easily assess the mindset of an organisation at this remove. Which is why I’d be grateful for any documentation for any group so we can start establishing a left web archive that is easily accessible to those who are interested.
The August 2007 Irish Political Review (30pgs.) contains:
*12 seperate attacks on the Irish Times.
*2 seperate attacks on both Mansergh and Fintain O’Toole.
*2 seperate claims that the Casement “Black Diaries”
were forged (This is an IPR obession, and it caused some
Indymedia posters to accuse the group of homophobia).
*4 denouncations on the Tribunals, including one
by a Michael Stack, claiming everyone should read
Denis O’Brien’s attack on the Tribunals (pgs.26-7) and a defence of P. Flynn (Pgs 8-9).
*An attack (pg.4) on the American Civil War as “coericion”(perhaps they want to
sell the magazine south of the Mason-Dixon line ;)…
*A claim that Ireland’s PR system is British and should be abolished
* On page 8, they claim “it is hard for liberal journalists like
Chekov Feeney to admit their beacon of liberal values (the IT) is anything but.”
* 3 attacks on RTE
* And finally, during an obituary of John Wilson, an insulting discription of
Irish politicians”that directed their ire against the Soviet Union and
Germany” instead of the British Empire (The BE was bad, but
its sheer stupidity to claim it was worse than Stalin’s Russian or
Hitler’s Germany).
Not a publication I can recommend to any Irish person left
of Justin Barrett or Nora Bennis.
I was wondering: is Jack Lane related to Fintan Lane or
Fintan’s father Jim Lane? Apparently both Jack & Jim were Maoists
in the late 1960s.
Starkadder, that’s a great inventory of their bile. It’s mighty readable though as a magazine, usually with a dawning horror as one scans through an article that alters from okay to outright … well, supply your own term!
Oh no, Grendel, don’t tell me it’s hereditary.
44. Anony - September 6, 2007
I was wondering about the Lane connection.
There are serious academics who are still very dubious about the Casement diaries and doubtless do not appreciate the “lunatic fringe” being on the case. Ditto with the revisionism controversy.
45. John O'Neill - September 6, 2007
Grendal – I’m not sure if Fintan sees this site but ISN member Fintan Lane is not related to Jack Lane. His father is Jim Lane a former IRSP member who held a leadership position with the IRSP for a while.
46. Grendel - September 6, 2007
P(r)at Muldowney and Jack Lane both had letters in yesterday’s
Irish Examiner attacking Elizabeth Bowen and Churchill.
Maybe someone should write in and spill the beans on Lane’s (“most rabid reactionaries”) Unionist past?
47. Grendel - September 17, 2007
In the introduction to the 1992 edition of “the Economics of
Partition”, amid all the praise about how great Brendan Clifford is, Mr. B. Clifford also gives B&ICO scholars some useful information.
Apparently, at the height of its influence (early 70s) there were about 50 members of B&ICO. The “Economics of Partition” is claimed as an
underground bestseller, having published about 5000 copies by the 1990s.Later in the book, Clifford claims the Cork Workers’ Club
was founded by a man who left B&ICO (and is, of course, savaged
for disagreeing with Clifford’s god-like wisdom). Clifford claims he
is no longer a Marxist (WBS doubted if the IPR still is part of the left-
Clifford claims he doesn’t want to be). Clifford leaves the book’s anti-Catholic and
anti-Irish nationalist views unchanged.
Some other folk who were members or associates of B&ICO:
Carmel Roulston,
Brian Girvin
Gwydion M. Williams-(son of the famous Raymond Williams and a poster to Amazon & Wikipedia- alarmingly, GMW admires both Mao Zedong AND Ayn Rand!!!)
Mick Raftery
Tom Wall
Leo McKinstry-(Now a journalist with the repellent Daily Express)
Stephen MacCarthy
Mark Langhammer ( a British Labour politician)
Paul Cockshott (an associate of Bill Warren)
Boyd Black (Queen’s lecturer)
Peter Wilberg
Dick Pountain (friend of John Lloyd-they were later in a voting reform group together in the early 1990s .Pountain was also associated with the situationist influenced-group “King Mob”.
He is now most famous as the co-author of the
book “Cool Rules”.)
More on BICO and King Mob….
“Al Green. (Not the “Let’s Stay Together” guy!!) S.E.District See. of the TGWU, was formerly a situationist-influenced individual loosely attached to King Mob. Instead of deepening this shambles of a libertarian critique he fell back, like so many others, into the crushing embrace of the alienated representation of the workers’ movement: trade unions and the Labour Party. He is a friend of John Lloyd, the Industrial Editor of the Financial Times, who can boast (but prefers a thousand times not to) of comparable libertarian beginnings….
Both AI Green and John Lloyd have had connections with BICO (the British and Irish Communist Organisation) and the influence of this organisation on Uoyd’s articles comes through, for instance, in his admiration for Ernie Bevin. Space does not permit even the briefest resume of BICO’s ideas, but for the quirkiness verging on the perverse, it takes some beating. In one of their magazines devoted to the Stalin question, they praise Anton Ciliga whilst affirming Stalin’s so-called political realism. No comment – especially not from the FT’s well-healed Industrial Editor.”
http://www.geocities.com/cordobakaf/blob_docks.html
49. WorldbyStorm - September 18, 2007
Grendal, which Mick Raftery is that?
I think it’s the same guy who is in the Drug Policy Action Group now.
Dick Pountain was also a computer journalist. He now works for magazine entrepeneur Felix Dennis, who
publishes successful publications such as “The Week”, “Maxim” and “Stuff”.
51. Andy Newman - September 18, 2007
BTW – the description above of Kate Hoey as a “Nulabour minister” is a bit unfair, as in her own eccentric way she has quite a consistent voting record as an oppositioninst.
Thanks Grendel (apologies for the misspelling earlier – typing too fast). I think that’s a great point as to her eccentricity…
As John O’Neill has noted elsewhere on this blog there was a widespread urban legend in the seventies that the B&ICO were “probably set up by British Intelligence”.
For instance, the anarchist C.J. Stone wrote…
“…..there was the B&ICO (The Britain and Ireland Communist Organisation), which, having an unusual number of members of northern Irish background, used Stalin’s work as a basis for arguing the Two Nations Theory re. Ireland – i.e. north and south Ireland were two distinct nations and should stay that way. They also managed in a similar convoluted way to support Thatcher’s war with Argentina over the Falklands. No matter what the position, they would try and find a “Marxist” way of supporting it. If they weren’t actually conceived by some joker in MI5 then they ought to have been.”
http://www.cjstone.co.uk/pgs/others05seaside.htm
Another persistent rumour is that B&ICO started the claim, in the early seventies, that “there had been a sectarian aspect to the Tan War IRA’s campaign, especially in west Cork” (Danny McGrain, From Peking to Aubane). If true, given that the B&ICO’s descendents are aggressively campaigning against Peter Hart’s argument of a similar claim, this means they are guilty of repugnant hypocrisy.
The British Intelligence story is probably just a rumour. But it’s funny how they were able to get compromising documents on both Elizabeth Bowen and Major McDowell that were once held by British intelligence….
Hmmm… not conclusive. Still, they make such a song and dance over the Major McDowell docs. There’s something a tad creepily obsessive about them to my mind.
Creepily obsessive…and they fancy themselves as daring radicals, but
they always spout the same ideads “en masse”. They remind me of
Harold Rosenberg’s description of New York intellectuals as “the
herd of independent minds”.
Or you could go with Chekov’s description of the IPR group as “Gombeens against Globalisation”.
Perhaps it’s the old dynamic of always wanting to sidle up to power. If FG had a predominant position over the past ten or so years who is not to say that they wouldn’t have found some convoluted formula to demonstrate that Enda Kenny was the brightest and the best of his generation of politicians and that FF attacks on him were demonstrative of reactionary Ireland at its worst…
Now that I’d like to read! 😉
57. Ed Hayes - September 21, 2007
Re West Cork, sad man that I am and inspired by the various discussions here have read some of the Irish Communist, Communist Comment and Workers Association stuff in the National Library. During 1970 there was articles saying that the IRA in Belfast was a roman catholic sectarian militia in the 1920s and there definitly was some references to west Cork and the massacre of Protestants.
58. Grendel - October 6, 2007
Re-reading the actual pamphlet, it stuck me as very “authoritarian left” in its eulogising of Stalin and its attacks on Luxemburg, Bukharian and especially Trotsky. There also seems to be a glorification of
State Power and Industrialism-the sort of thing Lewis Mumford
denounced as “the Megamachine”. I was also wondering if the dislike
for Polish nationalism Lane displayed might be linked to it having(like Irish nationalism) a strong Catholic component.
The B&ICO previously expressed admiration for Stalin, Mao, and Pol Pot. So its leader, the gravedigger from Sliabh Luachra, Brendan Clifford, could be described as “un admirateur des règles mauvaises”.
That was then…now the Aubane Historical Society is putting a lot of
effort into attacking “Anglo-Irish” people like Elizabeth Bowen and
Martin Mansergh. Given that they still hold to some form of two-nation theory, perhaps they consider the Anglo-Irish a threat
to the integrity of a United Ireland, in the same way they once
considered the Catholics in the North to be threatening the Protestants’ right to self determination.
59. Treblebackflip - October 7, 2007
Wheels come full circle in many people’s lives, don’t they?
60. WorldbyStorm - October 8, 2007
Grendal, I’d completely agree with that analysis. It’s all about power and power relationships. We’ve seen how that dynamic fed into others who were close to the BICO line – E. Harris for one. The anti-Anglo-Irish ‘turn’ is bizarre and inexplicable.
Treblebackflip, but the cast list for BICO kept changing…
61. Garibaldy - October 8, 2007
The anti-Anglo-Irish thing it seems to me is to be linked to the polemics which they have been involved in. Part of it is what Grendel says, that people like Elizabeth Bowen sending reports to London in WW2 are seen as threatening the integrity of what has held the Irish nation together (hence too the connection with Des Fennell). That would account too for their hostility to Hubert Butler after his speech from the 1950s they love to quote about Protestant blood or whatever it was.
However I think the increasing stress on this type of thing has also been in response to criticisms of them. Roy Foster was perceived to have insulted them, and the result was two pamphlets aimed directly at him. People like Bowen and Butler are a major part of his variety of Irishness agenda, and in getting at them they can also get at him. So the political analysis and the polemical tendency to target any perceived enemies has run together nicely. I can’t remember the exact cause of the polemic against Mansergh, but in fairness I don’t think it is because he might be perceived to be Anglo-Irish but rather for something specific he did. It is the Anglo-Irish who seek to undermine the Irish nation that are targets, rather than the Anglo-Irish as such.
62. Ed Hayes - October 8, 2007
I think he had a go at them in the Irish News, because of their attacks on Bowen and brought up the fact that Brendan Clifford tried to get a case taken against Queens for giving Mary McAleese a position that Clifford thought David Trimble should have got. Its all in the McAleese bio anyway. That is not something that the Aubanites would like to be reminded of.
Cheers for that Ed. That would chime in nicely with the mix of the political and the personal affront.
Monday’s and Tuesday’s Irish Examiner had more letters by
Aubane members (Jack Lane & Conor Lynch) attacking
Mansergh and Bowen.
I hate to praise anything Eoghan Harris wrote, but he is the only
irish newspaper journalist I know to have written of the B&ICO/Aubane connection
(Sunday Independent, February 11 2007). Apparently “The Guardian” also wrote about B&ICO, calling them a “Stalin-worshipping political cult.”
However, “Books Ireland” have been critical of Aubane for some time-they published scathing reviews of the Roy Foster anthology and
in December 2004, Clifford’s books on Casement.
65. Starkadder - October 9, 2007
Brendan Clifford and Jack Lane are launching new books on
26th and 27th of October in Dublin:
http://www.atholbooks.org/book_launch.php
Come along, and get ready to start asking them some
awkward questions….
66. Garibaldy - October 10, 2007
Foster mentioned the link, and they felt he made fun of them. Hence the attacks.
67. Starkadder - October 12, 2007
Fintan O’Toole once described the early-90s Sunday Independent
as practising “journalism as punishment”. Given that Clifford
apparently publishes whole books and magazines simply to
get back at opponents like Mansergh and Foster, we could
describe Athol Books as “publishing as punishment”.
68. Grendel - October 12, 2007
One thing about the August editiorial that really angered me
was “Matthew Arnold…described Shelley (a Green pioneer) as a beautiful angel ineffectually beating his wings in a void. That is how angels should be. They should not interfere with practical life. And that is how Shelley remained in England after he was adopted as an icon by the system which he hated.
The Greens have been very successful in Ireland in the way that Shelley was successful in England. After a certain point everyone approved of them, which meant nobody took them in earnest.”
Do the IPR scumbags know anything about Shelley’s influence on
the Chartists, Edward Carpenter, William Morris, Connolly, Larkin,
Orwell, Bertrand Russell, Gandhi, Paul Foot, Derek Wall,etc.? Do they
know his poems were regularly banned or mutilated by reactionary
editors?
Shelley’s influence inspired hundreds of men and women to work for a better world. Who have the IPR inspired, apart from Stalinists,Loyalists and corrupt Fianna Failers?
Sorry for the angry tone, but that editorial really p***ed me off.
(There’s actually an excellent book called “Shelley and Revolutionary
Ireland” by Paul O’Brien, which includes details about his relationship
with the Irish Left).
Actually, I think the IPR’s editorial confirms my theory about Leninism
being anti-environmentalist.
Regarding Ed Hayes, both biographies of McAleese (Ray Mac Manais and Justine McCarthy) mention the legal dispute. I think it was against Clifford’s “Belfast Magazine” and it stopped BM publishing for
several years.They seem to still have it in for her: I searched the Athol Books website and found three hostile references to McAleese.
Did anyone turn up at the Clifford/Lane book launches on Friday
and yesterday?
71. WorldbyStorm - October 28, 2007
Not me… something very interesting coming up in the Left Archive which bears directly on BICO. Watch this space next week…
You’re such a tease.
In fairness to them, their research on the sectarianism thing in 1918-23 is very worthwhile. I noticed Harris seemingly shift position just a little on this in his column today.
Ah, must go and look at that. I don’t have a problem with their research, just the conclusions they drew from it.
Possibly they are using their anti-revisonist message as a
“Trojan Horse” or “entryist” issue to carry their other ideas, such as their dislike of immigration and their hostility to the Anglo-Irish,
into the public arena. For instance, they have developed the
bizarre idea that Germany was the “victim” during the First
World War, and their research on the 1916 Rising seems to
be have this end in mind.
Also,all their Indymedia articles seem to have a strong undertone of
“buy our books and magazines”. That’s probably their main
source of income.
Hmmm… not sure he moved very far.
He moved far enough to acknowledge that there is an alternative explanation for all the incidents he likes to talk about, that are based on archival evidence. I thought that in saying that his opponents are denying there were any sectarian murders in the period there is an implicit admission that on certain issues he is perhaps wrong. Subtle, but significant I thought.
Yes. I guess that’s a fair point. There was an interesting piece in the Sunday Business Post TV review which I thought got close to the heart of things…
Can’t get it online. What was it saying? Sensationalist? Overwrought emotionalism?
Actually no, was suggesting that the characterisation of the situation of Protestants at that time – and the nature of the struggle as an opportunity for every minor landgrab etc to take place was completely overblown. Also had some interesting thoughts about the sect to which the family belonged. My position on this would be that it is intellectually dishonest to try to pretend that one or even a small number of incidents that might or might not have a sectarian character somehow typify or invalidate the independence project. Actually I think it’s also pretty dishonest for certain people to suggest that people don’t get the idea that all conflicts are bloody and contradictory affairs, including our own history, and it seems to me to be a typical patronising ‘the people can’t be trusted to do/know the right thing’ without our guidance approach… I thought the Irish Times article during the week on this by was it Anne Marie Hourihane was fairly shallow….
Thanks for that. Agree such incidents invalidate nothing. Having said that I have no problem acknowledging that there were sectarian elements in the IRA at that time, and later. I think it’s fairly clear that both Aiken and O’Duffy were such.
Alas, again I didn’t see the Irish Times thing. Got yesterday’s but haven’t seen it in ages before that.
That’s the thing isn’t it? Most Republicans of whatever brand would recognise that there were sectarian elements, but that those elements never had a hegemonic or near hegemonic hold on the struggle. What I find ironic is that the thinking seems to be something along the lines of only a pacifist response was legitimate in 1916 to 1921, in other words denying any agency to the Irish in the context of an opponent (I’m generalising here I know) that had a global reach and that explicitly used force and the threat of force. It’s an innate hypocrisy in their position – particularly when we hear in the Senate some hyperbolic stuff about death penalties, etc…
Totally. We also never hear in all the talk about how 1916 had no democratic mandate that for four decades the vast majority of Irish MPs had been Home Rulers, and that this mandate was ignored. The Unionists could claim a democratic mandate of a sort. It seems to me the British couldn’t. So the people who like to apply our standards only do it to those they don’t like. It’s embarassing to see it. And the really sad thing is that they cannot see beyond their own myopic vision, and it will never have dawned on them to consider the context in which people lived and operated.
83. And another thing! Coolacrease and Harris… we should have guessed…it’s not the past, it’s the present! | Irish Election - November 11, 2007
[…] Organisation (and if you are interested in BICO then perhaps you’ll be interested in this and this), even if they’ve ended up in different places (well, not so different seeing as […]
84. Paul Cockshott - November 16, 2007
BICO spawned in 1974 another sect COBI, made up of its Scottish and Welsh members who thought the BICO was too right wing.
85. Starkadder - November 22, 2007
Hello Mr. Cockshott.
Perhaps you could tell us a little more
about COBI sometime? It sounds like a very
interesting organisation.
86. Starkadder - December 4, 2007
A piece of trivia: today I was in the library, researching about an unrelated topic ( Marion and Dolours Price, the hunger strikers)
and I came across an interesting letter in
the Irish Times of August 23 1974.
The letter, from a “P.Murphy”,attacks
the B&ICO and Worker’s Association position on the
UWC strike. P.Murphy claims to be a former member of
B&ICO, and claims a third of B&ICO/WA members have
left the organisation in protest.
Maybe some of these members joined COBI.
87. Brian - February 11, 2008
I once was researching the Irish playwright Patrick
Galvin for an English degree, and I found out that a group
called the “Workers Association
for the Democratic Settlement for the National Conflict in
Ireland” picketed Galvin’s play “We Do It for Love”
in during its London run in 1976.
Members of the WA handed out leaflets outside the theatre, attacking the play’s hostile depiction of the RUC and British Army, and called for the UK government to
ban it.
I later found out the WA was a B&ICO front group.
Jim Kemmy, Manus O’Riordan and John McGregor were members, and I think the UDA member Dave Fogel might have been associated as well.
I had no idea the B&ICO’s members were still active,
or that they had embraced SF and the right-wing of Fianna
Fail. Talk about going from shoneens to gombeens….
88. WorldbyStorm - February 11, 2008
I think BICO members were involved in the Peace Train. Not sure they’re necessarily embraced SF, seems to be more their peculiar interpretation of FF… a very strange crew…
89. Gone Fishing… the Irish Left Archive takes a month off… « The Cedar Lounge Revolution - August 4, 2008
[…] not exactly gone, but going soon. After a hectic year – our first post was this – it’s definitely time for a […]
90. Manage Your Anger With 2 Easy Ways Self Improvement - January 18, 2010
[…] The Left Archive: British and Irish Communist Organisation… The … Share and Enjoy: […]
91. Left Archive: Outline policy on Church and State – Democratic Socialist Party, c1981 « The Cedar Lounge Revolution - March 7, 2011
[…] as being strongly anti-Republican. In that respect there was some crossover of activities with both BICO and the Socialist Party of Ireland (1970s). Kemmy was elected to the Dáíl in 1982 where he […]
92. ihphone - November 4, 2011
This could be the best blog online!!!
WorldbyStorm - November 4, 2011
You’re only saying that you great big spammer…
93. hotels - December 2, 2011
You’re unquestionably right with this writing!!
94. ka - January 15, 2012
Hi, i want to ask that is there any possibility that you find and make online this:
Marxism and market socialism.
(On Stalin’s “Economic Problems” part two)
Author: British and Irish Communist Organisation.
cover page: http://www.marxists.org/history/erol/uk.firstwave/bico.jpg
(sorry for my poor english)
WorldbyStorm - January 15, 2012
Great request. Does anyone have a copy they’d loan to me to scan and post up?
95. And while we’re talking about the Left Archive… | The Cedar Lounge Revolution - August 26, 2013
[…] been on the go since this , or perhaps […]
96. Lee Enfield - February 11, 2017
B&ICO were involved in the Campaign for Labour Representation ( for the Labour Party to organise and accept members in NI). Whatever their politics their London meetings (some of which I attended in the early 80s) were good fun, one member was a excellent jazz saxophonist, and I am told that their secretary also worked as an exotic dancer.
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CINEMA BRAVO
January 17, 2017 January 17, 2017 Cinema Bravo Cast
Teresa Palmer plays Andrew Garfield’s wife in ‘Hacksaw Ridge’
Teresa Palmer is becoming one of the most globally recognized actresses, bringing her talents to the US and worldwide from Adelaide, Australia. She has starred in many major films including box office hits Lights Out and Warm Bodies.
Now she stars as the wife of a pacifist soldier in Golden Globe Best Picture nominee Hacksaw Ridge, the extraordinary true story of Desmond Doss who, in Okinawa during the bloodiest battle of WWII, saved 75 men without firing or carrying a gun.
Directed by Mel Gibson from a screenplay by Robert Schenkkan and Andrew Knight, Hacksaw Ridge also stars Andrew Garfield, Vince Vaughn, Hugo Weaving, Rachel Griffiths, Luke Bracey and Sam Worthington.
One of the most beautiful and transformational moments in Desmond’s life comes on the cusp of war – when he bumps into the ravishing young nurse he is determined to charm and make his wife. Dorothy Schutte did indeed marry Desmond Doss, and became a beacon in his darkest moments at war.
Mel Gibson was excited to cast Australian actress Teresa Palmer in the role. “Teresa is so beautiful on camera and she brings a real warmth to this character that it needed. You almost see her as Desmond’s angel of mercy because Teresa puts that quality out there,” says the director.
Palmer felt an immediate connection to Dorothy. She explains: “I wanted to play Dorothy because she’s such a strong woman who knows what she wants yet she also has a tenderness and complexity to her. My grandmother and my grandfather both served in World War II — my grandfather was a fireman and my grandmother sent Morse code. I can remember them telling me stories about their romance during that time, and the script felt reminiscent of those tales that I grew up listening to.”
Palmer dove into research to play the role. “I really studied how women of the time spoke and walked, their elegance,” Palmer says. “I also thought a lot about my mother, her faith, and her gentler way of seeing the world, which reminded me of Dorothy.”
But Palmer equally wanted to get a sense of that head-spinning, first-love passion that unfolds between Dorothy and Desmond on the screen. “Dorothy so fiercely loves Desmond, and from the start, her belief in him is completely unwavering. I wanted to ensure that this love felt authentic and real and connected, because it is such a foundation for how they live.”
Andrew Garfield, who plays Desmond, found instant chemistry with Palmer as the two tried to capture what they had seen of the couple’s relationship. “There’s this amazing This is Your Life episode about Desmond where you see he and Dorothy interact together on stage,” Garfield explains. “They’re these very direct, no games, joyous, emotionally available people – and that’s what Teresa and I were excited about playing. Teresa is this unconditionally loving, nurturing force.”
Says Palmer in turn of Garfield: “Andrew lived and breathed Desmond Doss, he stayed in accent the entire time and he even held himself like Desmond the whole time. That put pressure on me, because he is so giving to his craft. I didn’t want to let him down and so I wanted to bring my all too.”
Producer Bill Mechanic concludes Palmer did just that: “We wanted someone the audience can see is able to inspire Desmond’s ongoing faith while he’s at war. Teresa plays Dorothy as a woman of her times yet whose beliefs are as strong as Desmond’s.”
Opening across the Philippines on February 22, 2017, Hacksaw Ridge will be distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures International.
Tagged Hacksaw Ridge, Movie, Teresa Palmer
Published by Cinema Bravo
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Sastra Robotics - building robots one limb at a time
During its R&D phase, the team was approached by Bosch to build an automated device-testing robot for touchscreen devices, Aronin said.
Shadma Shaikh
BENGALURU: Whether robots are taking over the world or not is an intricate argument, but a Kochi-based startup, Sastra Robotics, is building robot companions for humans, one limb and a sensory organ at a time.
A robot arm for testing touchscreens, a robot arm that can interact with 3D devices for testing, and an intelligent telepresence robot are some offerings of Sastra Robotics, the three-year old startup that counts German automaker Bosch and a large Indian software corporation among clients.
Robotics enthusiasts, the cofounders of the startup were convinced they were not cut out for "IT jobs" and started Sastra with an aim to build robots that could handle risky and rote jobs for humans.
"Our vision is to build a perfect robot companion for humans. It’s a time-consuming task, so initially we are concentrating on robotic arms, vision and artificial intelligence," says Aronin P, 27, chief executive at Sastra Robotics.
Sastra is building industrial robotics solutions for system integrators and manufacturers.
During its R&D phase, the team was approached by Bosch to build an automated device-testing robot for touchscreen devices, Aronin said. That’s when the startup built its first SCARA robot.
At least 90 Indian companies, including big multinationals, have shown interest in Sastra devicetesting robotic equipment and the startup is waiting for purchase orders, according to the company.
Sastra is also developing a prosthetic robotic arm that can perform the actions of a human arm.
Sastra, which was incubated at Kochi Startup Village, was selected for The Indus Entrepreneurs’ AnthahPrerana accelerator programme and the International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad’s accelerator programme, Avishkar.
"If you look at the niche market there’s a lot happening in the robotics domain, but there are many other applications where you need smaller, appropriate and cost-effective solutions," said Amitava Roy, former COO of Tech Mahindra and an investor in the company. "(Sastra Robotics) is targeting a high-growth market with extremely innovative solutions."
The startup recently won the Humanitarian Robotics Challenge-2016 conducted by IEEE International Conference on Robotics & Automation in Stockholm, Sweden, along with another Kochi-based startup QBotics.
The industrial robots space is expected to grow exponentially with an array of advantages robots provide for industrial use. The global industrial robotics market is touted to reach $79.58 billion by 2022, growing at an annual growth rate of 11.92 per cent between 2016 and 2022, according to a report by MarketsandMarkets.
Though Sastra Robotics currently specializes in robotic arms for testing of devices, other Indian firms gaining significant traction in the space include Tiger Global-funded GreyOrange that specializes in warehouse automation, and industrial robot maker Systemantics, which counts Infosys cofounder Nandan Nilekani as an investor.
Sastra Robotics
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Biden receives second dose of COVID-19 vaccine
President-elect Biden received the second dose of the COVID-19 vaccine from Christiana Care Hospital in Wilmington, DE.
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Home » Theater + Stage
‘The Who & The What’ at Victory Gardens: It’s ‘Fiddler on the Roof’ meets ‘Other Desert Cities’
Submitted by Lawrence B. Johnson on Jun 25, 2015 – 10:22 pm
Review: “The Who & The What” by Ayad Akhtar, directed by Ron OJ Parson at Victory Gardens through July 12. ★★
By Lawrence B. Johnson
The Pakistani American playwright Ayad Akhtar burst onto the theater scene in 2012 with “Disgraced,” a smartly crafted, concise, emotionally taut first play that was followed last season by “The Invisible Hand,” a breath-stopping thriller that again displayed the skillful dialogue and efficient story-telling of “Disgraced” while raising the tension bar several notches.
Akhtar’s third play, “The Who & The What,” written in 2014, now occupies the stage at Victory Gardens. It verges on ethnic sitcom.
Like its two predecessors, “The Who & The What” deals, broadly speaking, with the conflict between Muslim heritage and mainstream American culture. In “Disgraced,” set in New York, it’s the disillusionment of a high-powered Pakistani American lawyer whose best intentions blow up in his face; in “The Invisible Hand,” set in Pakistan, a kidnapped American banker finds himself caught in the middle of a jihadist power play.
The story line of “The Who & The What” is far less rarified. Frankly, it reads much like “Fiddler on the Roof.”
Afzal, a middle-aged Muslim from Pakistan whose wife has died of cancer, shares his American home with two adult, thoroughly Westernized and still-unmarried daughters, the brilliant, 33-year-old Zarina, an aspiring writer, and her younger sister Mahwish, who spews malapropisms and aspires mainly to be married.
Old-school Afzal goes online to find a suitable husband for Zarina and comes up with a white American convert to Islam. Amid comedy that sways from gentle to slightly edged, he pushes his candidate, Eli, onto his reluctant daughter. All goes well enough until, with Eli’s encouragement, Zarina finishes writing her long-stalled book on the human frailty (to put it mildly) of the prophet Muhammad – and the manuscript falls into her father’s hands.
If you’ve seen or read Jon Robin Baitz’s “Other Desert Cities,” you’re already familiar with this scenario and the family blow-up that’s coming. Here, too, is where “The Who & The What” – the title refers to Zarina’s wish to piece together exactly who and what Muhammad really was – begins to evoke the paternal trials of Tevye in “Fiddler.”
In a blink, what has been substantially a comedy (if not of manners, then of clashing cultures) ceases to be funny. Well-meaning Afzal implores Zarina to destroy the manuscript, reminding her that back in the old country she would be killed for writing such things. When Zarina proves implacable, Afzal drops the hammer. This daughter, like Tevye’s third child, has crossed a line. But again as in “Fiddler,” love allows room for a blessing.
It’s neither original nor especially compelling stuff. The two sisters are stock, two-dimensional types: Zarina (Susaan Jamshidi) bookish, liberated, impatient with her father’s conventions; Mahwish (Minita Gandhi) flighty, shallow, submissive. Shane Kenyon, as the convert Eli, has the one scene that blazes at the playwright’s potent best when he stands toe to toe with Rom Barkhordar’s Afzal in fierce defense of Zarina.
Eli is also the passive object of a clever, if less momentous, outburst by Jamshidi’s self-assured Zarina: When she and Eli are just getting to know each other and she’s probing into his decision to convert to Islam, Eli admits that he long withheld his drift from his father while sharing it with his mother – and Zarina launches into a rapid-fire Freudian analysis of how, by that choice, he metaphorically killed his father so that he could “marry” his mother. It’s a jewel of a screed. Which she caps off by declaring: “Freud is underrated.”
Despite Zarina’s willfulness, and the propensity of a Western audience to side with her independent spirit, it is Barkhordar’s bear of a man who more fully engages the viewer. Afzal is a cultural transplant, a widower still suffering the pain of that loss, an old-world patriarch doing what he believes in his heart is right for his daughters. We may regard that entrenched world view as oppressive, even outrageous, but he is Akhtar’s most sharply drawn character here. The play’s big picture seems skewed.
Scott Davis’ minimal sets – a kitchen bar, a small table to suggest a café — smack of budgetary constraints and a paucity of imagination. Director Ron OJ Parson summons much from scenes of real depth or wit, but there’s just too little of substance here for even such a competent hand to spin into durable cloth.
Akhtar’s “Disgraced,” which played Lincoln Center and then Broadway after its Chicago premiere in 2012 (glad to say I managed to see all three versions), will open the Goodman Theatre season in September. And here’s betting that either Goodman or Steppenwolf snaps up “The Invisible Hand” within the next couple of years. That will get your heart pumping.
Performance location, dates and times: Details at TheatreinChicago.com
Review of ‘Disgraced’ world premiere at American Theater Company: Read it at ChicagoOntheAisle.com
Review of ‘Disgraced’ in its Broadway production: Read it at ChicagoOntheAisle.com
Tags: "Other Desert Cities", Ayad Akhtar, Disgraced, Ron OJ Parson, Susaan Jamshidi, The Invisible Hand, The Who & the What, Victory Gardens Theatre
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Riccardo Muti’s starry Beethoven Ninth opens Chicago Symphony season in cosmic fashion
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CDIS 2019 Summary
Return to Congo
Dr. Jonathan Mboyo Esole
Jim2019-08-01T07:10:12+00:00
Mathematician, Next Einstein Fellow
Dr. Jonathan Mboyo Esole is a Congolese mathematician working on the geometry of string theory. He solved several important problems in mathematical physics. His work is supported by the US National Science Foundation (NSF). Mboyo was trained at ULB, Cambridge, Leiden University, Stanford, and Harvard. He won several awards and prestigious positions: the best thesis in the sciences (ULB), Wiener-Anspach Grant to Cambridge University, Ford Fellowship, Marie-Curie Fellowship. He joined Northeastern University’s Math Department after being a Benjamin Peirce Assistant Professor at Harvard University for three years working with Field Medalist Shing-Tung Yau.
He was named a Next Einstein Fellow (NEF) for 2017-2019. As an NEF Fellow, Esole is part of a select group of scientists and technologists working around the world who represent “Africa’s Einsteins”. The fellowship provides opportunities for career advancement in their various scientific fields – string theory, nanomedicine, plant genetics, and so much more. Their dedication to their fields and research is an inspiration to the next generation of African innovators.
Dr. Esole was also the recipient of the International Dunia Award in Belgium in 2018; the 2017 recipient was Nobel Peace Prize winner Dr. Denis Mukwege.
Lupetu Hervé Tshibengabo Cofounder, T&T Group Lupetu Hervé Tshibengabo is the Co-founder of T&T group a property management venture that... TwitterLinkedInInstagram
Amani Tom Matabaro Executive & Founding Director - Congo Peace School I was born, raised and educated in the South Kivu Province in the Democratic...
Kaleba H. Ngoie-Kasongo Founder & Executive Director, HEAR Congo Kaleba H. Ngoie-Kasongo was born in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). She currently... LinkedIn
Amini Kajunju Executive Director, IUGB Foundation Amini Kajunju is the executive director of the IUGB Foundation. The Foundation is dedicated to empowering students... LinkedIn
Kahindo Mateene CEO & Creative Director, KAHINDO Kahindo Mateene is the CEO and Creative Director of the brand, KAHINDO, founded in... Instagram
Tshikuna Muanankese Founder, Tacoma Mountain Group Tshikuna (Franklin) Muanankese founded Tacoma Mountain Group (TMG) LLC to leverage his experience in... LinkedIn
Ilunga Kalala Chairman of the Board, Leja Bulela, Inc. Ilunga is Chairman of the Board of Directors for Leja Bulela, Inc., a U.S.... LinkedIn
Patricia Lufinama Nzolantima Founder & CEO, Bizzoly Holdings Patricia Nzolantima has over 12 years of experience in entrepreneurship and women’s empowerment. She... TwitterLinkedInInstagram
Noëlla Coursaris Musunka Founder & Director, Malaika Noëlla Coursaris Musunka, a Congolese/Cypriot philanthropist and international model, is the Founder of Malaika,... TwitterInstagram
Patrick Gaincko Founder, GainXperience Patrick Gaincko is the founder of GainXperience, a committed business builder, and an avid... TwitterLinkedIn
The Congolese Diaspora
Impact Summit
Email: contact@cdis-congo.org
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Zac Brown Band announce new album The Owl, premiere “Leaving Love Behind”: Stream
The country rock band is amidst an extensive US tour
on July 26, 2019, 8:02am
Zac Brown Band's The Owl artwork
Zac Brown Band has announced the release of a new album called The Owl, due out on September 20th via Sony BMG. It marks the country rock band’s sixth full-length to date and serves as the follow-up to 2017’s Welcome Home.
“We’ve been working tirelessly on this album over the past couple years, ensuring every detail is perfect,” Brown said in a statement. “We are always pushing ourselves as musicians by blurring genre boundaries and incorporating all kinds of music we are personally inspired by, elevating what we are capable as a group. This album will have something for everyone.”
(Buy: Tickets to Zac Brown Band’s US Tour)
Helping the band blur those genre boundaries was a host of big-name EDM and pop songwriters, including Skrillex, Andrew Wyatt of Miike Snow, Jason “Poo Bear” Boyd, Max Martin, Benny Blanco, and Ryan Tedder.
To preview the release, ZBB has unleashed “Leaving Love Behind”, which you can stream below. Previously, the band debuted “Someone I Used to Know” as the lead single.
Zac Brown Band are amidst an extensive US tour (see dates below). You can get tickets to the band’s upcoming shows here.
Zac Brown Band 2019 Tour Dates:
07/26 – Irvine, CA @ Five Point Amphitheater
08/03 – George, WA @ Watershed Festival
08/09 – Denver, CO @ Coors Field
08/11 – Des Moines, IA @ Grandstand – Iowa State Fairgrounds
08/23 – Wantagh, NY @ Nikon at Jones Beach Theater
08/25 – Bristow, VA @ Jiffy Lube Live
08/29 – Hershey, PA @ Hershey Park Stadium
08/30 – Saratoga Springs, NY @ Saratoga Performing Arts Center
08/31 – Boston, MA @ Fenway Park
09/06 – Camden, NJ @ BB&T Pavilion
09/08 – Hartford, CT @ XFINITY Theatre
09/19 – Chula Vista, CA @ North Island Credit Union Amphitheatre
09/20 – Mountain View, CA @ Shoreline Amphitheater
09/21 – Las Vegas, NV @ iHeartRadio Music Festival
09/22 – Louisville, KY @ Bourbon & Beyond Festival
10/17 – Jacksonville, FL @ Daily’s Place
10/18 – West Palm Beach, FL @ Coral Sky Amphitheatre
10/20 – Tampa, FL @ MIDFLORIDA Credit Union Amphitheatre
10/25 – Rogers, AR @ The Walmart Amp
10/26 – Dallas, TX @ The Dos Equis Pavilion
10/27 – The Woodlands, TX @ Cynthia Woods Mitchell Pavilion
Album Announcement
Win a Brand New Gibson SG Guitar from AC/DC
Big Sean drops new track “Single Again”: Stream
Parrot Singing Along to Led Zeppelin, Van Halen, GN'R, and More Has the Voice of an Angel: Watch
New Radicals Perform "You Get What You Give" at Joe Biden's Inauguration Parade: Watch
Dave Grohl Says New Foo Fighters Song Is a Tribute to Lemmy, Recalls Motörhead Icon's "Disgusting" Apartment
Joe Exotic Snubbed of Pardon Despite Hiring Limo to Pick Him Up from Prison
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Plant Pest Newsletter
Plant Pest Newsletter PPST08, June 13, 1986
University of Minnesota, Minnesota Extension Service (University of Minnesota, Minnesota Extension Service, 1986)
mn2000_ppn_1986-06-13.pdf (4.404Mb application/pdf)
University of Minnesota, Minnesota Extension Service
Newsletter or Bulletin
Plant Pest Newsletter [206]
Series/Report Number
PPST; 08
This archival publication may not reflect current scientific knowledge or recommendations. Current information available from the University of Minnesota Extension: https://www.extension.umn.edu.
University of Minnesota, Minnesota Extension Service. (1986). Plant Pest Newsletter PPST08, June 13, 1986. University of Minnesota, Minnesota Extension Service. Retrieved from the University of Minnesota Digital Conservancy, http://hdl.handle.net/11299/184307.
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TSS Member
Everything posted by Diogenes
Does the Master Emerald hinder Knuckles' potential as a character?
Diogenes replied to Mountaindewandsprite's topic in Green Grove Zone
Both Adventures have Knuckles looking for shards of the Master Emerald to repair it. Because he's its guardian.
Popular and unpopular Sonic opinions you agree and disagree with!
Diogenes replied to KHCast's topic in Green Grove Zone
If you've made your main character boring you've fucked up, whether you did it deliberately or not. I mean I'm not saying Sonic needs to be on a constant journey of personal development but at least try to make me give a shit about him. Mario's not a complicated character, he doesn't really change, but he's charming and expressive and they're not afraid to let him stumble and it makes him feel more human. Sonic's trapped between being too "cool" to be human and too lame to actually be cool.
If nothing counts if it's been done better elsewhere there isn't much of anything in Sonic worth praising. And I don't think that framing is any kinder towards SatBK because surely there's no shortage of stories where the hero is the best at everything and never wrong.
Personally I'd say SatBK is in a similar boat of trying but not succeeding, because it tries to portray Sonic as a righteous rebel but nothing he does is ever even questionable; it's good to slay the king because he's an evil fake, it's good to stop and help the kid because it was a secret test anyway, it's good to fight Merlina because her plans involves monsters and bad shit and Sonic is just right.
Not even in Mania Adventures?
Diogenes replied to KHCast's topic in Video Games
BotW definitely had some questionable voice acting but I'd probably rank Purah's in the upper half. Maybe a bit awkward in that Champion's Ballad cutscene, but she seems fine here in what little we've seen. Also there's gonna be a Treehouse stream tomorrow showing off more of this game (and Pikmin 3).
A new little trailer, with some familiar faces:
Super Smash Bros. Ultimate - PLEASE SPOILER TAG LEAKS
Diogenes replied to Sonictrainer's topic in Video Games
The most 2020 of smash reveals. Seriously this looks like garbage.
smash is bad now
Many Questions about Knuckles and the Echidnas/Knuckles clan
Diogenes replied to StarWarsSonic's topic in Green Grove Zone
No one else was around to do it.
Issues with recreating Classic Sonic gameplay in 3D, as observed from fangames.
Diogenes replied to Scritch the Cat's topic in Green Grove Zone
I feel like having some HUD element pointing where you should go is a bit of a sloppy solution. It's one thing if we're talking about some big, nonlinear open world where the environment has to be designed for you going back and forth through it, but if Sonic's sticking to A-to-B platforming, I think it should be possible to design the level to tell you which direction you're meant to be going. I remember there was a little writeup about how Utopia used a bunch of subtle hints to keep the player aimed in the right direction, in spite of how large and open the level was, though I don't remember where to find it. Hit. Always hit. If a move has you give up control to the game, it should perform reliably in your favor. Nobody likes that loop in Radical Train that'll throw you into a pit if you didn't enter from the right place. As for after hitting, I'm in the "bounce forwards" camp. Keep the player moving, ask them to consider the consequences of attacking rather than always putting them in an ideal position. That said I don't think it's a perfect setup; lately I've thought a lot about how poorly it'd work with, say, an item box in a little dead-end nook. Homing attack an item box like that and you'll bounce straight into the back wall, which looks and feels clumsy, and fails at the whole point of the forwards bounce, to keep the flow. Best I've come up with to address that is to allow and encourage a wall jump in that situation to spring you back towards the main path, but then you've got the problem that you're likely jumping back at the camera so you probably don't have a good view of the direction you're moving and the camera might start rotating around to Sonic's back at a speed/direction/timing you don't anticipate...so, maybe not great. Regarding keeping the player's momentum, even with how important Sonic's momentum is to classic-styled gameplay, I think it's ok to break it sometimes. Even in the Genesis games playing a level was never meant to be about a single streak of uninterrupted running, there's all manners of gimmicks to interact with and more platforming-heavy sections that require you to slow down. So I figure the post-HA bounce should probably have a fixed speed. There's already a lot of variables for a player to deal with; having to account for a variable bounce based on the speed you were going before, but not during, the homing attack is a complication that I don't think we need.
Why Shadow didn't protect Maria?
Diogenes replied to MetalSkulkBane's topic in Green Grove Zone
Yeah, even in SA2 Shadow wasn't in the escape capsule until after Maria got shot. They're running through the ARK together, then you hear the shot, then she closes the capsule on him.
"Oh but he could've..." Well...he didn't. That he theoretically could've dragged Maria out of the way or attacked the soldier before he fired or whatever doesn't mean he was guaranteed to have taken exactly the right action at exactly the right moment.
He was trying to protect her, by getting her out of the situation. But it's kind of hard to stop a bullet, even with superpowers. I feel like that's really all there is to it? Sometimes things go wrong even if you're good at what you're doing.
hyrule warriors: age of calamity causes second timeline split, bad ending leads to botw, good ending has the champions survive and overcome the calamity
Teoskaven and Kuzu reacted to this
Mipha dying no matter what sorry bro
ok mipha can still die but daruk survives
KHCast and Wraith reacted to this
KHCast
I want my snarky bird boy to survive
KHCast and Misty Milo reacted to this
I dunno about that; I'm thinking the slate is Zelda's main weapon, since we've seen her using several of the runes (though Link also has rune bombs somehow?). And purely mechanically, there's no meter for it like the magic meter in HW, so it'd have to work differently.
Ooh nice, I was literally just thinking about her. I'm already really excited for this game; the first HW was a hell of a lot of fun, and it'll be interesting to see them flesh out the stuff that BotW left pretty vague. Looking at the screenshots with the HUD, the maps look a lot more organic than in the last game. A lot less "straight paths connecting square keeps", and that hyrule field one in particular is all over the place. No magic meter either, which makes sense for BotW but makes me wonder how the mechanics are going to be different.
damn did i pick a hell of a time to replay hyrule warriors or what
feeling super hyped for this already, wanna go murder 1000 dudes and learn more about botw's hyrule before it got wrecked
i am wondering what the playable cast is going to look like though. i'm sure they won't be doing crazy time shenanigans for the main story again, so will it just be link, zelda, and the champions in story mode? outside of that are they going to port over/rework characters from the first, and/or add new ones, or are they going to keep it more modestly sized and focused on botw?
Supah Berry reacted to this
focus seems to be on reusing as much content as they can so i'd expect any character that already existed in BOTW
even if they weren't actually alive yet that shouldn't stop them from being playable in whatever mission modes this has
botw style versions of iconic characters would be cool to see but im not expecting it.
That’s what I’m wondering. Persona 5 Scramble taught me basically not to always expect from KT a huge robust cast, so similar could be happening here as well, having a more condensed character roster while focusing on fleshing out everything else about the game to make up for it
JezMM
Would make sense to only have the canon characters playable on your first time through the story, but have unlockables for replaying stages. I'd definitely like to see some favourite characters as unlockables who weren't around 100 years ago, like Paya and the present-day family of the champions that help you get into the divine beasts (can you imagine the outrage if Sidon wasn't playable, c'mon). Hopefully they don't save ALL the cool stuff for paid DLC, mind.
oooh, i wonder if they'll make a young botw impa as a playable character...
Diogenes replied to Dejimon11's topic in Green Grove Zone
Some echidnas came to the human world at some point and set up a civilization there. Gerald knew about people from the animal world (he studied the ancient echidnas, remember). What, are you gonna tell a god what form he's supposed to take? Does Dark Gaia have to come from a world with giant, flaming, multi-eyed reptilians? The two worlds thing is definitely sloppy and doesn't really add anything but it's not exactly impossible to work around.
Why are Tails and Amy mostly relegated to supporting roles?
Diogenes replied to Kuzu's topic in Green Grove Zone
I would acknowledge the things that they do but also that the things that they do are flawed. If you're looking to discuss and analyze the series, you're not going to get meaningful answers if you stop at "i like it" or "i don't like it".
So does any solution. I don't think heroes need to become flawless. They should be able to mitigate their flaws long enough to succeed rather than being controlled by them, but that doesn't mean they have to eradicate their flaws. It's like that saying about how bravery isn't the absence of fear; it's not about eliminating the flaw, but of moving forward in spite of it. To say that it's poorly communicated is one thing, and it's a thing I'd agree with. To say that he "regressed for no real reason" is not even trying to engage with the story.
Thing is, he didn't beat Chaos 4. Not on his own at least, no more than he beat Egg Hornet on his own. The three Chaos 4 fights are actually all the same fight, it's Sonic, Tails, and Knuckles all fighting at the same time. I mean, unless we're expected to believe they took turns, and Chaos just kept popping back up after being beat down. Ideally. But who says it's ended? Tails fought Eggman on his own a couple of times, and now he's just...unflinchingly, unshakingly brave? That there's no possibility of his growing confidence being challenged, of him backsliding and having to regain ground? Ideally all stories eventually come to a conclusion. But we know the series itself will wither out and die before they willingly choose to conclude it. So if the series as a whole is in a kind of stasis, why not a character's personal arc?
You realize fully grown-ass adults can still be afraid right.
Do they, though? Like, is this something a loose association of superpowered teens should be handling? The Resistance was one thing, when you're backed into a corner you use what you've got, and "people who have experience fighting the bad guy" is kind of what they'd want. But with the Restoration it almost feels like the characters we know are the only real people so they've gotta run the whole world.
Is Shadow The Ultimate Lifeform?
Diogenes replied to Shadow Chaos Control's topic in Green Grove Zone
I figure the idea wasn't that he could cure outside diseases, but that he himself would be immune to them, and by figuring out how to do that they could apply it to other people. Like, either create an immortality serum, test it on the hedgehog, then move on to humans once it was proven to work, or create an immortal hedgehog through other means, then study him and isolate whatever makes it work to create an immortality serum.
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Origines Sacrae Or a Rational Account of the Grounds of Natural ..., Volume 2
By Edward Stillingfleet
BOOK by degrees it would be so much altered for want of
-certain records to preserve it in, that it would be a
hard matter to discover its original, without an exact
comparing it with the true history itself from whence
it was first taken. For it fared with this tradition of
the first ages of the world, as with a person who hath
a long time travelled in foreign parts, who, by the
variety of climes and countries, may be so far altered
from what he was, that his own relations may not
know him upon his return, but only by some certain
marks which he hath in his body; by which they are
assured, that, however his complexion and visage may
be altered, yet the person is the same still. Thus it
was in this original tradition of the world, through its
continual passing from one age to another, and the
various humours, tempers, and designs of men, it re-
ceived strange disguises and alterations as to its out-
ward favour and complexion; but yet there are some
such certain marks remaining on it, by which we find
out its true original. Two things then will be the
main subject of our inquiry here. 1. By what means
the original tradition came to be altered and cor-
rupted. 2. By what marks we may discern its true
original, or what evidences we have of the remainders
of Scripture-history in the heathen mythology. II. 1. Concerning the means whereby the tradition by
degrees came to be corrupted; there may be some more general, and others more particular. The general causes of it were,
1. The gradual decay of knowledge, and increase of barbarism in the world, occasioned by the want of cer
tain records to preserve the ancient history of the world Booki.c. 1. in; which we at large discoursed of in our entrance sect. 16.
on this subject. Now in the decay of knowledge, there must needs follow a sudden and strange altera
tion of the memory of former times, which hath then CHAP. nothing to preserve it but the most uncertain report of fame, which alters and disguiseth things according to the humours, and inclinations, and judgments of those whose hands it passeth through.
2. The gradual increase of idolatry in the world; which began soon after the dispersion of nations, and in whose age we cannot at so great a distance, and in so great obscurity, precisely determine; but as soon as idolatry came in, all the ancient tradition was made subservient in order to that end; and those persons, whose memories were preserved in several nations, by degrees came to be worshipped under diversities of names; and such things were annexed to the former traditions, as would tend most to advance the greatest superstition in the world.
3. The confusion of languages at Babel was one great reason of corrupting the ancient tradition of the world. For in so great variety (as suddenly happened) of languages in the world, it cannot be conceived but such things which might be preserved in some uniform manner, had all nations used the same language, would, through the diversity of idioms, and properties of several tongues, be strangely altered and disguised, as will appear afterwards. This alteration of languages in the world, upon the confusion of tongues at Babel, brought as great a confusion into the original tradition, as it did among those who were the designers of that work.
And because this subject of the original and cause III. of this diversity of languages among men, doth both tend to explain the present subject, and to clear the truth of Scripture-history, I shall a little further inquire into it; chiefly on this account, because it is pretended that such a confusion is needless, which is
sect. I.
BOOK delivered in Scripture, for the producing such diversiIll. - ties of languages, which would arise through mere
length of time, and the varieties of climes and customs
in the world. But if we only speak concerning the V!Mer. Ca-sense of Moses about it, the inquiry is of greater diffisaub. de quatuor culty than at first view it seems to be. For it is preLinguis, tonded that Mocos p. 3, &c.
tended that Moses no where speaks of a diversity of languages, as we understand it, but only of a confusion of their speech who were at Babel, which might well be, although they all used the same language; that is, there might be a confusion raised in their minds, that they could not understand one another; their notions of things being disturbed, so that, though they heard one word, they had different apprehensions of it; some
thinking it signified one thing, and some another : as Scal. Exer. Julius Scaliger tells us, that the Jews he had concit. in Cordan. 259. versed with did not understand by it a multiplication
of tongues, but only by that confusion their former notions of things, by the same words, were altered. As if one called for yax, a stone, one by that word understands lime, another water, another sand, &c. this must needs produce a strange confusion among them, and enough to make them desist from their work. But supposing no such division of languages there, yet after their dispersion, which might be caused by the former confusion, by the different laws, rites and customs, commerce and trading, and tract of time, there would have risen a division of their several tongues. But if there were such a division of tongues miraculously caused there, (that, as it is commonly said, all those who were of the same language went together in their several companies,) whence comes it to pass, that in their dispersion we read of several families dispersed which used the same language after their dispersion; as all the sons of Canaan, mentioned Gen. x. 15, 16,
17, 18, used the Canaanitish tongue; in Greece, Javan CHAP. and Elisa had the same language; in Egypt, Misraim and Pathrusim ; in Arabia, the sons of Joktan and Chus; in Chaldæa, Aram, and Uz, the inhabitants of Syria, Mash of Mesopotamia, Nimrod of Babylon, Assur of Assyria: whence comes it to pass, if their several tongues were the cause of their dispersion, that these several heads of families should use the same tongue ? Another reason against the common opinion is this, which seems to have a great deal of force in it. If tongues were divided at Babel, as it is imagined, whence was it, that the nearer any nation lay to those who had the primitive language, the Hebrew, they did participate more of that tongue than those who were more remote, as is plain in the Chaldæans, Canaanites, Greeks, and others? Whereas if their languages were divided at Babel, they would have retained their own languages as well as others. This very argument prevailed so far with the learned Is. Casaubon, as appears Casaub.
Diatrib. de by his Adversaria on this subject, (published by the L. H-b. learned doctor's son,) as to make him leave the com-P. mon opinion, and to conclude the several tongues to be only some variations from the Hebrew ; but yet so as many new words were invented too. Hence he observes, that the Asiatic Greeks came nearer to the He- P. 47. brew than the European. And if this opinion hold true, it is the best foundation for deriving other languages from the Hebrew; a thing attempted by the same learned person, as you may see in the book forecited, and endeavoured by Guichardus, Avenarius, and others. Thus we see there is no agreement in men's minds concerning the division of tongues at Babel.
But having set down this opinion, with its reasons, Iv. I shall not so leave the received opinion, but shall first see what may be said for that, and leave the judgment
STILLINGFLEET, VOL. II.
BOOK concerning the probability of either to the understand
-ing reader. And it seems to be grounded on these
reasons. 1. That had it been left to men's own choice, there cannot be a sufficient reason assigned of the diversity of languages in the world. For there being one language originally in the world, whereby men did. represent their conceptions to one another, we cannot imagine that men should of themselves introduce so great an alteration, as whereby to take off that neces
sary society and converse with each other, which even Calvin. An- nature itself did put men upon. Hence Calvin and not.in Gen. xi. 1, 2. others conclude that prodigii loco habenda est lingua
rum diversitas ; because there having been that freedom of converse among men, it is not to be supposed they should of themselves cut it off to their mutual disadvantage. But to this it is said, That the long tract of time, and diversity of customs, might alter the language. I grant it much, but not wholly; and they would only therein differ in their languages, wherein their customs differed: so that there would remain still such an agreement as whereby they might understand each other; which it will be hard to find in many of the eldest languages. As for the length of time, though that doth alter much in reference to words and phrases, in which that of Horace holds true, Multa renascentur quæ jam cecidere, &c. yet it will be more difficult to find where mere length of time hath brought a whole language out of use, and another in the room of it. But that which I think deserves well to be considered, is this, that the greatest alteration of languages in the world hath risen from colonies of nations that used another language; and so by the mixture of both together, the language might be much altered : as the Hebrew by the Chaldees in Babylon; the Spanish, Italian, and others, by the Latin,
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A Digested Abridgment, and Comparative View, of the Statute Law of ..., Volume 1
By Joseph Gabbett
others, or by knights-service in capite, or socage in capite of the king, and the consequents upon the same, have been much more burdensome, grievous, and prejudicial to the kingdom, than they have been beneficial to the king; and therefore enacts, that the court of wards and liveries, (established by the 32 Hen. 8. C. 46. Eng. and 33 Hen. 8. c. 22. Eng.) and all wardships, liveries, primer seisins and ouster-le-mains, values and forfeitures of marriages, by reason of any tenure of the king's majesty, or of any other, by knights-service, and all charges incident or arising för or by reason of wardships, liveries, with their agua primer seisins or ouster-le-mains shall be taken away : perdages.. And that all fines for alienations, seizures and pardons for alienations, tenure by homage, and all charges incident or arising by reason of wardship, livery, primer seisin or ouster-le-main, or tenure by knights-service, escuage, and also'aide pur file marrier, and pur faire fits chevalier, and other charges, be likewise taken away: · And that all tenures by knights-service in capite, and by and convertei socage in capite of the king, and the fruits and conse- into free socage. quents thereof be taken away; and all tenures of any honours, manors, lands, &c., or any estate of inheritance at the common law, held either of the king, or of any other • person or body, be turned into free and common socage. · And (by s. 2.) that the same be for ever discharged of all
tenure by homage, escuage, voyages royal and charges for the same, wardships incident to tenure by knightsservice, and values and forfeitures of marriage, and
other charges incident to tenure by knights-service, and ' from aide pur file marrier, and aide pur faire fits cheva
lier: And that all conveyances and devises of any manors, lands, &c.; made since the * 24th February, 1645, shall be expounded to be of the same effect, as if the same manors, &c.; had been then held, and continued to be holden, in free and common socage only. By s. 4. all tenures to be created by the king, of any estate of in
heritance at the common law, shall be in free and com, mon spcage only, and not by knights-service, or in capite, :"
* The 14 and 15 Car. 2. c, 19. Ir. has relation to the 230 October, 1641, tko - period of the Irish rebellion,
and shall be discharged of all wardship, value and for. feiture of marriage, livery, primer seisin, ouster-le-rain,
aide pur faire fits chevalier, and pur file marrier. But s. 5. by s. 5. this act shall not take away any rents certain, heHeriots, &c.
riots, or suits of court, incident to any former tenure reserved. now taken away, or other services incident to tenure in
common socage, or the fealty and distresses incident thereunto: And such relief shall be paid in respect of
such rents, as in case of the death of a tenant in com5. 6. mon socage And by s. 6. any thing herein shall not Fines in partie
take away any fines for alienation due by particular cuscular manors. toms of particular manors and places, other than fines
for alienation of lands holden immediately of the king in s. 7. capite. By s. 7. this act shall not take away tenures in Frank-almoign.
on frank-almoign, or subject them to greater services; nor Copy-hold. alter any tenure by copy of court-roll, or any services Grand serjeanty.
incident thereunto; nor take away the honorary services of grand-serjeanty, other than of wardship, and other charges incident to tenure by knights-service; and other
than aide pur faire fits chevalier, and aide pur file mar6.11.
rier. And by s. 11. this act shall not infringe any title
of honour, feodal or other, by which any person may Titles of honour.
have right to sit in the lords house of parliament. This statute has therefore rendered obsolete a number of ancient statutes, which respected the several incidents of this tenure by knights-service. The fendal polity was a part of the English system of laws that was introduced iuto Ireland, in the reign of king Henry II., and which was in force at least amongst the English settlers. The great charter which was framed for Ireland, contained several provisions respecting the feodal tenures; and the statutum Hibernie de coheredibus already referred to (page #1B) is a very ancient record to prove their existence in Ireland. But these military tenures, with their slavislı
and oppressive appendages, were here also abolished by - 14 & 13 Car. 2. the 14 & 15 Car. 2. c. 19. Ir. which contains clauses c. 19. Ir.
corresponding to those of the 12 Car. 2. c. 24, sopra. § 2. . II. With respect to the tenure by copy of rourtuoll, Copyhold te- which is excepted by the 14 and 15 Car. 2. c. 19. Ir. NUIC searcely known in Tic- as well as by the 12 Car. 2. c. 24. Eng. which it follows; hand.
Dr. SulDr. Sullivan in his learned treatise on the feudal law observes," that though copyhold tenants (and tenants in an- * page 244. cient demesne) are common in England, yet there are none such in Ireland. It is very true that there is scarce any trace of this villenage tenure, whether pure or privileged, in Ireland: And I believe the manor of Kil. moon or Primate's-town, in the County of Meath, where the copy-hold tenure exists, is a single exception to the truth of the learned Doctor's observation.t
III. The relief due upon socage tenure is ascertained 63 by the 28 Edw. 1. st. 1. E. and I. which declares that a Socage ser free sokeman shall give no relief, but shall double his retief and
wardshipa rent after the death of his ancestor, according to that
28 Edw. 1. which he hath' used to pay his lord, and shall not be st. 1. 2. & L. griered above measure. As to wardship, which is another incident to tenure in socage, the 52 Hen. 3. c. 17. 52 Hen. 3.
c. 17. E. & 1. E. and I. provides, that if land holden in, socage be in the custody of the friends of the heir, because the heir is within age, the guardians shall make no waste, nor sale, nor destruction of the inheritance; but shall safely keep it to the use of the heir, so that when he cometh to his lawful age, they shall answer to him for the issues by a lawful account, saving to the guardians their reasonable costs. And the 28 Edw. I. st. 1. E. and I. further declares, that where lands in socage descend on the part of the mother, the guardianship shall belong to the next of kin upon the part of the father. But the provision of the 12 Car. 2. c. 14. Eng. and 14 and 15 Car. 2. c. 19. Ir, has been already stated, by which this guardianship in socage may be superseded by the appointment of a testamentary guardian.
* There is not at present any such thing as a copy-bold in the counties of Anglesey, Carnarvon, and Merioneth ; nor are there in Ireland any such tegures. Barrington's observations on the statutes, page 234.
CHAP. III.
Of Freehold Estates of Inheritance.
Statute de donis. The Statute Westm. 2. 13 Edw. 1. st. 1. c. 1. s. 1 & 2. 13 FJw. 1. st. 1. E. & I. "(commonly called the statute de donis conditiE. & 1. onalibus) enacts concerning lands given upon condition,
viz. where any giveth his land to a man and his wife, and to the heirs begotten of the man and his wife, with condition expressed, that if the man and his wife die without heirs of their bodies between them begotten, the land shall revert to the giver or his heir; also where one giveth lands in free marriage, which gift hath a condition annexed, though not expressed in the deed, that if the husband and wife die without heir of their bodies begotten, the land shall revert to the giver or his heir; also where one giveth land to another, and to the heirs of his body issuing; the will of the giver, according to the form in the deed of gift, shall be observed; so that they to whom the land was given under such condition, shall have no power to alien the land, but it shall remain to their issue after their death, or shall revert to the giver or his heirs, if issue fail; neither shall the second husband of any such woman have any thing in the land so given, after the death of his wife by the law of England; nor shall the issue of the second husband succeed to the inheritance; but immediately after the death of the husband and wife to whom the land was given, it shall return to their issue, or to the giver, or to his heir. And by s. 3. this manner of writ shall be granted to the party that will purchase it. Precipe A quod juste, &c. reddut E. manerium de F. cum suis pertinentiis quod C. dedit tali viro et tali mulieri, et heredibus de ipsis viro et muliere e.reuntibus : Or tbus, quod C. dedit tali viro in liberum maritagium cum tali muliere, et quod
post mortem prædictorum viri et mulieris, prædicto B. filio corundem viri et mulieris descendere debeat per formam donationis prædictæ, ut dicit, &c.: Or, quod C. dedit tali et hæredibus de corpore suo exeuntibus, et quod post mortem illius talis, prædicto B. filio prædicti talis descendere debeat per formam, &c. This statute (s. 4.) also provided that if a fine should be levied upon such lands, it should be void in law; and that neither the heirs, nor those in reversion, though of full age, within England, and out of prison, need to make their claims : but the statutes which have since directly authorized, or indirectly sanctioned, the barring of such estates tail by fine, and by a common recovery, will be stated in a subsequent chapter.
CHAP. IV.
Of Freeholds not of Inheritance.
THE principle of law which restrains tenants for life froin cutting down timber, or committing other waste Tenants upon their estates, has been modified by several statutes &c., entitled to
a moiety of timpassed in Ireland for the encouragement of planting. ber trees planted
one by them. By the 9 Geo. 2. c. 7. Ir. if any person seised of an es
9 Geo. 2. c. 7. tate for life, or in tail, with a remainder over, shall plant Ir. on his said estate oak, ash, elm, fir, or other timber tree, the executors or administrators of such tenant for life, &c., shall be entitled to a moiety of such trees, except planted for ornainent or shelter in any avenue leading to the mansion hcus, or in the walks of any garden belonging to the mansion house of such tenant for life, &c.; to be recovered from the person in possession of the estate by virtue of such remainder, in manner following: (viz.) the said executors, &c., shall, within one year after
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5D: Darwin, Dada, Dalí, Duke, & Devadevàya
Kings, Conquerors, Psychopaths
Book Endorsements & Scheduled Book Appearances
Partisanship & Political Animals
Liberal and Conservative
About Me: Joseph N Abraham MD
Humanity, Biology, Culture
Click on the picture to visit the UL Press website.
Below is a schedule of lectures, media appearances, and book signings by Joseph N. Abraham, MD, for his award-winning book Kings, Conquerors, Psychopaths: From Alexander to Hitler to the Corporation.
Click to read an excerpt from the Prologue. To obtain a copy click here.
Appearances & Media
August 15, 2019, Interview with Steven Sabludowsy for BayouBuzz.com.
“[Abraham’s perspective is] fascinating and frightening not just as an explanation to understanding the people who have transformed mankind, but what it portends for the future, which just might not be so kind.”
June 4, 2019, Robin Levin wrote a review on her blog, The Death of Carthage.
“If you are at all interested in politics and in the future of our country and, indeed, the future of mankind, this may be the most important book you will ever read.”
June 4, 2019, review in San Diego Jewish World.
“The term ‘must-read’ has been so overused. But Kings, Conquerors, Psychopaths is a must-read… a must-own… and, most of all, a must-ponder.“
June 3, 2019, Review in The Vermilion by Brianne Hendricks.
“As an emergency physician and an evolutionary biologist, Abraham has a unique look on the world and how it works… ”
May 29, 2019, Three-part interview by journalist Joe Gandelman in his highly-respected political blog, TheModerateVoice.com.
“[Abraham] convincingly makes (and documents) the case that despite often romantic images, kings and conquerors were vicious criminals — and the fact that they were psychopaths, narcissists, and sadists became whitewashed, almost in a form of mass hypnosis.”
May 15, 2019, New Generation Indie Book Awards: Two Awards: Winner, Current Events/Social Change; Finalist, Historical Non-Fiction.
“There’s no question about it: this is an unsavory subject, but an irresistible one. Abraham paints fascinating (if very dark) portraits of the worst of humanity, and tries to answer that most important of questions— why does society give power to despots and demagogues? If you liked Jon Ronson’s The Psychopath Test, you’ll want to read this book.”
March 29, 2019, Luncheon Speaker, Tulane University School of Medicine History of Medicine Society.
March 24, 2019, Boston journalist Carol Beggy, in a review for GoodReads:
“This book is a must-read for all of us who think we know what is going on and how to read the ‘electorate.’ I believe that this book will stand the test of time and scrutiny.”
March 19, 2019, VIP Guest at conference organized by the World Mental Health Coalition, ‘The Dangerous State of the World and the Need for Fit Leadership,’ National Press Club, Washington DC.
Billboard for Kings, Conquerors, Psychopaths unveiled in Lafayette along Interstate 10, February 9, 2019,
February 7, 2019, Book review in the Los Angeles Review of Books by Sam Rizak, ‘A Privileged Violence‘.
“Abraham reviews the historical precedent for accepting corruption and violence from our authorities. Why do we excuse an act, unforgivable if committed by an ordinary citizen, if executed or ordered by a leader?”
February 26, 2019, featured speaker for the University of Louisiana College of Engineering ‘Designing Leaders‘ select leadership training program.
February 14, 2019, Notice in Warren Perrin’s widely distributed La Parole from the Acadian Museum.
February 6, 2019, Interview with Dr. Pearson Cross on Bayou to Beltway, broadcast on KRVS, UL’s NPR-affiliated radio station.
“A conversation with Dr. Joe Abraham engages by linking disparate and (seemingly) unrelated events into a coherent whole that exposes new facets of interpretation and analysis. For those who want their minds expanded and blown: Dr. Abraham is the man.”
February 4, 2019, Return appearance on Talk Louisiana with Jim Engster, broadcast on WRKF, the Baton Rouge NPR affiliate. (First appearance December 27, 2081, below.)
“Dr. Abraham is a true Renaissance Man. He is one of the most articulate guests to appear on Talk Louisiana. He is as fluent with words as he was in the Emergency Room. His vast life experience provides a special glimpse into our contemporary world and how it was shaped by our forebears.”
Dr. Abraham speaks to the Sons of the American Revolution.
(Click for full-size image)
January 16, 2019, Featured Speaker, Sons of the American Revolution—Attakapas Chapter, Lafayette Petroleum Club.
“Stimulating, interesting, challenging, engaging. I think Dr. Abraham woke up some minds.”
January 13, 2019, The Acadiana Advocate, ‘Louisiana Literature: Acadiana Doctor Publishes Kings, Conquerors, Psychopaths’.
“Abraham traces the last 10,000 years, from the era of kings and conquerors to the modern world and its own ugly truths.”
January 12, 2019, NOLA.com (Times-Picayune and the New Orleans Advocate), ‘Louisiana Literature: Acadiana doctor publishes ‘Kings, Conquerors, Psychopaths’ Louisiana Literature: Acadiana doctor publishes ‘Kings, Conquerors, Psychopaths’
“In 10 chapters, Abraham traces the last 10,000 years, from the era of kings and conquerors to the modern world and its own ugly truths.”
January 10, 2019, The Acadiana Advocate, a review of the book and my podcast with Jan Swift (vide infra).
“…provides insight into historical patterns of power and dominance at all levels of government, religion and corporate existence.”
January 8, 2019, Featured Speaker, Rotary Club of Lafayette North, Vermilionville Living Museum & Folklife Park.
December 27, 2018, WRKF, the NPR affiliate in Baton Rouge, on Talk Louisiana with Jim Engster (listen here).
“Dr. Abraham provides unique and important insights for our world at large. This book is a must-read for any American concerned about the future of our society.”
November 28, 2018, Radio 103.7 The Game with Dave Schultz.
November 20, 2018, Mustang 107.1 with Tanya Ardoin (listen to the interview); 106THREE Radio Lafayette with Morgan; and Z105.9 with Stephanie.
“This is a fresh research perspective of history. I found it very easy to read… I could just see what Dr. Abraham was talking about. I enjoyed it.”
Tanya, Mustang 107.1.
Schedule for the 2018 Bayou State Book Talks. (Click for full-sized image.)
November 13, 2018, Bayou State Book Talks, Lafayette Main Library.
October 25, 2018, Invited speaker, US Naval Academy, Stockdale Center for Ethical Leadership
“Detailed, engaging, and provocative examination of our shared history.”
Marcus Hedahl, Assistant Professor, Department of Leadership, Ethics, Law, USNA.
October 18, 2018, UL Press interview on facebook.
October 14, 2018, Review in Louisiana Book News.
September 23, 2018, Book signing at Interabang Books, Dallas.
September 22, 2018, Book signing at Half-Price Books, Fort Worth
Notice in the Dallas Morning News on the Interbang book signing September 23rd. (Click for larger image.)
September 20, 2018: UTA, Arlington TX
“An engaging and enjoyable presentation… Dr. Abraham’s book offers a new lens from which to see how so-called leaders move into positions of authority and power.”
Alejandro Rodriguez, Ph.D., Interim Chair, Department of Public Affairs
September 18, 2018: Book Launch, Marcello’s Restaurant
September 18, 2018: Interview, Après-Midi, KRVS / Radio Acadie (3:30 PM)
“I felt like I was reading something during the Crusades or a thousand years before, but I think that’s one thing over and over again you feel when you’re reading this book: you begin in far-away history, but you begin to realize that it comes so close to our present day.”
Judith Meriwether, host of Apres-Midi.
July 21, 2018: GPGC Reunion (video), McNeese State University
July 19, 2018: Discover Lafayette Interview (podcast), Rader Solutions in the LITE Center.
“…a fascinating interview of powerful conquerors throughout the past 10,000 years… a great insight into historical patterns of power and dominance at all levels of government, religion and corporate existence.”
Jan Swift, attorney and host of Discover Lafayette.
To purchase a copy visit the UL Press website, or Amazon. To borrow a book from a library, click here.
Subscribe and receive a copy of my first book,
Happiness: A Physician-Biologist Looks at Life.
If you enjoy Happiness, check out my recent award-winning book
Picture of Dr. Abraham by Robin May Photography.
John on The 10 Books Everyone Should Read
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Steven Schneider on The Struggle for Existence: The Lovely Deathscape
Bookscrounger on America in One Word: Feedback
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Ann dobie on The 6 Branches of Government
Bookscrounger on Woolly Wolves
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Syrian Arab Republic - Conflict Data
The ACLED project codes reported information on the type, agents, exact location, date, and other characteristics of political violence events, demonstrations and select politically relevant non-violent events. ACLED focuses on tracking a range of violent and non-violent actions by political agents, including governments, rebels, militias, communal groups, political parties, external actors, rioters, protesters and civilians. Data contain specific information on the date, location, group names, interaction type, event type, reported fatalities and contextual notes.
1200+ Downloads
This dataset updates: Every week
[Dataset] Syrian Arab Republic - Conflict Data
[{"date": "2020-08-03", "value": 12}, {"date": "2020-08-10", "value": 10}, {"date": "2020-08-17", "value": 14}, {"date": "2020-08-24", "value": 12}, {"date": "2020-08-31", "value": 17}, {"date": "2020-09-07", "value": 15}, {"date": "2020-09-14", "value": 23}, {"date": "2020-09-21", "value": 16}, {"date": "2020-09-28", "value": 21}, {"date": "2020-10-05", "value": 27}, {"date": "2020-10-12", "value": 14}, {"date": "2020-10-19", "value": 26}, {"date": "2020-10-26", "value": 29}, {"date": "2020-11-02", "value": 26}, {"date": "2020-11-09", "value": 32}, {"date": "2020-11-16", "value": 31}, {"date": "2020-11-23", "value": 27}, {"date": "2020-11-30", "value": 22}, {"date": "2020-12-07", "value": 44}, {"date": "2020-12-14", "value": 27}, {"date": "2020-12-21", "value": 30}, {"date": "2020-12-28", "value": 32}, {"date": "2021-01-04", "value": 25}, {"date": "2021-01-11", "value": 31}, {"date": "2021-01-18", "value": 7}]
Dashboard for Syrian A...
Conflict Data Dashboard for Syrian Arab Republic
HDX Scrapers updated the dataset Syrian Arab Republic - Conflict Data 1 day ago
HDX Scrapers updated the dataset Syrian Arab Republic - Conflict Data 8 days ago
HDX Scrapers updated the dataset Syrian Arab Republic - Conflict Data 15 days ago
Conflict Data for Syrian Arab RepublicCSV (36.4M)
Conflict data with HXL tags
Download Conflict Data for Syrian Arab Republic 3ad99a58-80d6-4ba7-bff8-816b31649365 More
QuickCharts-Conflict Data for Syrian Arab RepublicCSV (1.3M)
Cut down data for QuickCharts
Download QuickCharts-Conflict Data for Syrian Arab Republic 3c6c9a84-792e-4215-be66-58df338c04fe More
ACLED
Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED)
January 01, 2017-December 31, 2021
Non-Commercial Licenses - ACLED’s full dataset is available for use free of charge by non-commercial entities and organizations (e.g., non-profit organizations, government agencies, academic institutions) using the data for non-commercial purposes, subject to these Terms of Use. Non-commercial licenses may also be granted to for-profit media outlets or journalists citing ACLED’s content in works of journalism; provided that such works are made available to the general public and benefit public discourse on the topic, subject to ACLED’s prior, written approval.
Commercial Licenses - All other commercial exploitation of ACLED content (including, but not limited to, any sale, licensing, sublicensing, or other distribution of the data, in whole or in part, or any incorporation of the data or analysis, in whole or in part, in a product for sale, license, sublicense, or other distribution, to third parties for profit) is prohibited, except as expressly agreed by ACLED in a written Commercial License Agreement executed by ACLED and the licensee. Commercial entities seeking a commercial license to use the full ACLED dataset must submit a request to ACLED at admin@acleddata.com, including the details of the requested use. ACLED reserves the right to withhold approval in its sole discretion. Any approval granted is limited strictly to the use described in the corresponding request and/or approval (which will supersede the request in the case of any inconsistency or conflict).
Regardless of the type of license, all rights to use or exploit ACLED data or analysis are conditioned on the licensee’s adherence to the Attribution Requirements outlined below.
No user is permitted to (i) use ACLED’s data or analysis in any manner that may harm, target, oppress or defame ACLED, the data subjects, or any group or population, or cause any of the foregoing to be harmed, targeted, oppressed or defamed; (ii) provide, permit or allow direct access to any of ACLED’s original/raw data or analysis; (iii) use any of the data or analysis to create, develop, support or provide benchmarking for any dataset, product or platform similar to, or in competition with, or would create a functional substitute for, any of ACLED content, products or platform; and (iv) provide, permit or allow access to any of the data or analysis by ACLED's competitors.
Attribution Requirements
1. If using ACLED data in any way, direct or manipulated, the data must be clearly acknowledged. Acknowledgement should include 1) a footnote with the full citation which includes a/the link to ACLED’s website (see below for examples), 2) in text citation/acknowledgement, stating where the data you use are from and that ACLED data are publicly available, and 3) clear citation on any and all visuals making use of ACLED data;
2. If generating a data file for public or private use, and presenting those data to another party, the ACLED data included must be directly acknowledged in a source column, including ACLED’s full name and a link: "Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED); acleddata.com"
3. To reference the ACLED codebook, please cite as follows (substituting for the correct year):
“ACLED. (2017). “Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED) Codebook, 2017.””
4. If using ACLED data in an academic paper or article, please cite as follows:
“Raleigh, Clionadh, Andrew Linke, Håvard Hegre and Joakim Karlsen. (2010). “Introducing ACLED-Armed Conflict Location and Event Data.” Journal of Peace Research 47(5) 651-660.”
5. If referring to figures or statistics published in ACLED analysis, infographics, working papers, etc., please cite the individual analysis piece or paper, including the author(s), using the following format: * Hart, Tom, and Lauren Blaxter. (23 November 2018). “Ceasefire Divisions: Violations of the Truce with Gaza Lead to Rising Political Pressures in Israel.” Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED). .
If the ACLED piece does not have an author recognized (often the case for pieces on ACLED methodology), the citation should identify ACLED as the author.
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7. If you wish to reproduce or publish a graphic, graph or map ACLED has already published (rather than creating an original image using raw data), please cite the individual analysis piece or paper, including the author(s), using the following format: * Hart, Tom, and Lauren Blaxter. (23 November 2018). “Ceasefire Divisions: Violations of the Truce with Gaza Lead to Rising Political Pressures in Israel.” Figure 1, Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED). .© 2018 ACLED All rights reserved. Used with permission from ACLED
If you intend to use ACLED data or analysis in a manner not described in these Attribution Requirements, contact us directly at admin@acleddata.com for instruction regarding the attribution requirements.
If you have any other questions about the Terms of Use or Attribution Policy, or their application, please feel free to contact us directly at admin@acleddata.com.
ACLED's Methodology page contains information about how the ACLED team collects, cleans, reviews and checks event data, with a focus on what makes ACLED unique and compatible with other data. The process of ACLED coding assures that it is accurate, comprehensive, transparent and regularly updated. Data are posted as they are complete, although there are ongoing checks to ensure the thoroughness of previously collected events.
ACLED has several rules about fatalities numbers, sourcing and reporting.
ACLED does not have a fatality threshold for event inclusion. This means that conflict and demonstration events in ACLED do not have to produce any fatalities in order to be included as a valid event. We use no arbitrary number of deaths to define a conflict.
ACLED reports fatalities only when a reputable source has relayed that information. Further, researchers seek out information to triangulate – where and when possible – the numbers from any report.
ACLED uses the most conservative estimate available, and will revise and correct the totals – upward or downward – when better information comes available.
ACLED advises caution in using all fatality numbers from its, or any other conflict data source. Fatality information is the most biased, and least accurate, part of any conflict report and extreme caution should be employed when using any fatality number to show patterns.
security incidents
violence and conflict
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Add Product Link Login
The Great Reset
People influencing covid
How Britain rolled out Pfizer COVID vaccine ahead of the United States
December 2, 2020, 3:03 pm 109.5k Views
Early Tuesday morning, Food and Drugs Administration Commissioner Stephen Hahn was summoned to the White House. The meeting, fueled by concerns that Britain would approve a coronavirus vaccine before the United States, saw Chief of Staff Mark Meadows asking Hahn exactly what the heist was. On Wednesday, Meadows’ fears came true.
Britain became the first Western country to approve a vaccine for the coronavirus, ahead of the United States and the rest of Europe. British regulators have authorized the immediate deployment of a vaccine manufactured by US pharmaceutical giant Pfizer and its German partner BioNTech, with the first immunizations due to take place within days. Meanwhile, FDA regulators aren’t even expected to meet to discuss the vaccine until next week, and Britain’s grand appeal has now put even more pressure on them.
Britain managed to rush for two main reasons: First, unlike the United States, UK regulators would rely heavily on the test analysis provided to them by the pharmaceutical companies – in this case, Pfizer. UK regulator director Dr June Raine explained on Wednesday that the amount of information Pfizer had provided them since the summer had allowed them to run ‘slippery’ analyzes for months – and then give a quick approval when final results arrived.
Insisting that no corners were cut, Britain’s leading medical regulator explained: “If you climb a mountain, you prepare and you prepare. We started this in June. By the time the interim results became available on November 10, we were at base camp. And then when we had the final analysis, we were ready for that final sprint that brings us to today.
People who have worked with the UK agency this year told the the Wall Street newspaper that he had been much more proactive in his interactions with drug companies than other agencies, often asking for additional data and explanation to speed up his ongoing analysis.
In America, the FDA is behind schedule. He is now expected to explore an impressive volume of raw data before making his decision. A spokesperson for the agency explained the laborious process to Axios earlier this week, saying, “The amount of data submitted to the FDA includes thousands of pages of technical information that must be broken up and reviewed by experts. from different disciplines. Once the reviews carried out by the various experts have been completed, they are then integrated into a global review. “
Commissioner Hahn called for patience, explaining: “We want to act quickly as this is a national emergency, but we will ensure that our scientists take the time they need to make an appropriate decision.”
British government complaints the second reason he managed to move first is a decision made by voters four years ago to leave the European Union. While the Brexit decision has caused unprecedented political upheaval and is expected to hurt Britain’s economy in the years to come, the government says it helped the country approve the Pfizer vaccine.
Within the EU, decisions on medicines and vaccines are usually taken by the European Medicines Agency. However, in post-EU Britain, those calls will be made by the London-based Medicines and Health Products Regulatory Authority. He approved the Pfizer vaccine on Wednesday while the EMA said he could not make a decision until the end of the month.
Before Brexit, the MHRA managed a significant part of Europe’s portfolio of medicines awaiting authorization, so a large part of its staff were already experienced in how to review a new vaccine, and Brexit released these scientists of some of the work they do for all of Europe.
A UK government official said The Guardian that the break with the EMA gave the advantage to Great Britain, saying: “This means that we will be three weeks ahead of all other countries in Europe in terms of deploying this vaccine … Germany could have a better diagnostic industry than us. but when it comes to deploying vaccines, we are number one.
However, the Financial Times noted that Britain used a long-standing regulatory provision which already allowed it to make its own decision outside the EMA “in times of urgent public need”.
Britain’s swift move drew criticism from the EU’s pharmaceutical regulator, who said it believed its slower approval process was the “most appropriate regulatory mechanism” for the drug. vaccine.
Nonetheless, the swift approval is good news for UK Prime Minister Boris Johnson, whose handling of the pandemic and his Brexit plan has come under fire. He called Wednesday’s development “fantastic” and added that the vaccines “will soon allow us to take back our lives and jumpstart the economy.”
Britain has ordered 40 million doses from Pfizer, enough to immunize 20 million people with the two-dose vaccine. An initial 800,000 doses are expected to arrive next week, when vaccinations begin. The first jabs will likely be given before the FDA approves the vaccine.
#Britain #rolled #Pfizer #COVID #vaccine #ahead #United #States
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No more Fukushimas, Japanese say
Posted on March 10, 2013 by petrel41
This video from Japan is called Tens of Thousands Protest Nuclear Power in Tokyo.
From daily The Morning Star in Britain:
Japan marks Fukushima anniversary
by Our Foreign Desk
Thousands of people marched in the Japanese capital Tokyo today demanding the government turns its back on nuclear power permanently.
The demonstration was timed to coincide with the second anniversary of the earthquake and tsunami that triggered the Fukushima atomic disaster.
Tens of thousands of protesters gathered in central Hibiya Park where anti-nuclear activists and trade unionists packed a concert hall to voice their opposition.
Academics, business people and volunteers gave anti-nuclear talks as musicians performed, before the crowds marched through the government district of Kasumigaseki to parliament.
They planned to hand petitions to anti-nuclear lawmakers, urging the government to stop its nuclear programmes.
Similar rallies were held elsewhere in Tokyo and across the rest of the nation, with local media reporting as many as 150 anti-nuclear events planned for the weekend and tomorrow.
In many tsunami-hit cities, residents dressed in black for ceremonies to mourn the victims of the disasters.
In the city of Rikuzentakata, where almost 1,600 people died and 217 people are still missing, Mayor Futoshi Toba reiterated his pledge to rebuild the city.
“We will move forward to build a beautiful city that is the pride of the nation where its citizens live happily and comfortably,” he said.
Japan is still coming to terms with the disaster that ravaged its north-eastern region two years ago – the earthquake and tsunami killed more than 15,000 people and several thousand are still unaccounted for.
The nuclear meltdown at Tokyo Electric Power‘s (Tepco) Fukushima Daiichi plant forced 160,000 people from their homes and many of them will never return.
Tepco faces a decades-long effort to decontaminate and decommission the wrecked nuclear plant after the worst atomic disaster since Chernobyl in 1986.
All of Japan’s 50 reactors were gradually shut down after the Fukushima disaster and all but two of them remain idle.
But the sweeping December victory of Prime Minister Shinzo Abe and his Liberal Democratic Party, which supports nuclear power, is a worry for nuclear power’s opponents.
Britain: Campaigners urged the government to reject “dangerous and expensive” nuclear power today as they marked the second anniversary of the Fukushima disaster in Japan: here.
North eastern Japan still a disaster zone: here.
Thousands in Japan anti-nuclear protest two years after Fukushima (updatednews.ca)
Tokyo stages mass anti-nuclear rally (nuclear-news.net)
Thousands in Japan anti-nuclear protest two years after Fukushima (reuters.com)
Thousands gather for Tokyo anti-nuclear protest 2 yrs post-Fukushima (PHOTOS) (rt.com)
Tokyo demonstrates again in force against nuclear power on eve of Fukushima’s second anniversary (nuclear-news.net)
This entry was posted in Economic, Environment, Human rights, Medicine, health and tagged Fukushima, Japan, nuclear, TEPCO by petrel41. Bookmark the permalink.
4 thoughts on “No more Fukushimas, Japanese say”
imbuteria on March 11, 2013 at 3:24 am said:
Reblogged this on Imbuteria's Blog and commented:
no nuke!
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Bus on school tour explodes, students escape unhurt
Posted by: GxMedia in News Thursday, 20 February 2014, 23:03 0
Several children on a school tour narrowly escaped injury when the bus they were travelling in exploded and caught ablaze on the Mahaica new road, eyewitnesses said.
The estimated 55 students and four teachers from the Cotton Tree Primary School, West Coast Berbice were returning from an educational tour in the capital, Georgetown, when the incident happened about 5:45 PM.
The students of Bath Primary School who were on a similar tour vacated their bus so that the younger students from Cotton Tree Primary could have been transported home.
Police sources said the driver of the bus, owned by Roy Hercules, heard a “funny sound” and ordered the passengers to exit the vehicle. Two minutes later, it exploded.
Region Five administration and education officials were visiting the scene up to late Thursday.
One teacher, who complained of feeling unwell after the incident, was taken to the Mahaicony Cottage Hospital. The officials were also expected to visit her at the medical institution.
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A Journey With Cerebral Palsy
We Began
Posted on July 12, 2020 by Peter R Turner
He looked the way it felt inside. Like he had been left alone for some reason. They talked about trances he would find himself inside. Trances they were making fun of behind his back. His actions didn’t appear all that abnormal from my view. Possibly kind of a loner, but appearing to be kind. There was a unique style to the way he conducted himself. Arriving at our lunch table freshman year of high school. One of our friends had invited him to join. Seemingly because he didn’t have anywhere to belong. There remained distance to begin our friendship. Spending most of our time inside groups of people. Life had become a rollercoaster by that particular time. Right in the middle of, will they remain together, or was home going to fall apart. My male parent had released his desire to engage in other ways of life. But, hadn’t decided to venture out the door of my childhood home. Chaos was all around. He appeared to provide the possibility of refuge. If my world was going to end up finding me alone. Maybe, our mutual loneliness could help one another. Keep us both from being left by ourselves moving into high school. Friends would most likely be lost if my parent walked out the door. The security of a new friendship could help begin a new life.
He was on the bus that first week. The first week of sophomore year in high school. Our beginning week of a new school. As junior high school in the suburb ran from seventh grade through freshmen year. High school began with a different school starting sophomore year. The narcissistic charade had taken a step toward some resolution. While he chose to walk out the door on my first day at that new school. Leaving the door open behind him, only contributed to his view of the whole world revolving around himself. Heartbreak was running through my veins climbing onto the bus. The sun having yet to climb above the horizon. Our neighborhood reducing the number of busses servicing its streets. As more kids in high school opted to drive. Others gaining rides from friends who had cars. Bringing about the experience of different kids riding my bus. Kids who had stops deeper into the neighborhood. One of those stops, having not been part of our route the year before, was his stop. The friend who had been seen joining our lunch table periodically freshman year. When he climbed aboard the bus during that first week, I felt relief. There would be someone to visit with travelling to and from school. Providing some comfort after departing the heartbreak of my home. While also, helping the uneasiness of facing a new school building with my disability.
Going into the first week at our high school would be challenging. The school was built into the side of a hill. Meaning it was built on three floors moving upward toward the sky. Every day would be spent moving up and down flights of stairs. Providing challenges with cerebral palsy impacting balance. Like junior high school, much of the socializing happened between classes. So, the option of using the elevator instead of navigating the stairs was shied away from. It felt important to spend time between classes with friends. While also continuing to explore ways of challenging my disability. One of those ways would be challenging myself by using the stairs. Even when the staircases could be crowded. The help was found in holding on to the hand rail. Finding myself making it a point to traverse the stairs near one of those railings. Classmates with good balance often could move up and down them in the middle. Moving quickly past the crowds, though I took that risk on extremely rare occasions, it was always safer to stick along the side. Getting off the bus with this new friend also eased some of those fears. With him standing larger in statue, he wouldn’t get pushed around in the crowd. Providing me with the feeling of protection as well. The only thing I was looking to feel became physical safety. He could provide that by simply being in close proximity.
Physical safety seemed the only realistic option open. The emotional safety of myself had been violated. Torn apart by someone who was supposed to protect that most basic of needs. I didn’t believe in emotional protection anymore, didn’t think it existed. Betrayal seemed to carry that kind of impact. Being in search of any kind of protection, the physical type presented itself. In the form of this budding friendship. With the guy who lived just minutes away inside the same neighborhood. The added twist was his ability to strike some kind of fear into the hearts of others. With his apparent trances, that didn’t seem to present while in my presence. As our sophomore year continued, we grew closer. He was around during those early days of total confusion after the departure of my parent. Coming over to the house one afternoon to play billiards. He explained difficulties in his younger years. Struggles showing me he could relate to my life at that moment. I can still feel myself standing around the pool table that afternoon. Starting to realize we had this common bound forming. Centering around the hurt of betrayal. We seemed to reach an understanding. We were going to be there for one another. The uncertainty circling my life found me clinging to something unsettling. Our friendship felt uncomfortable even at its early stages. Though it felt like something I needed. Providing some kind of rescue from feeling vulnerable and alone. Because, when my father walked out the door, in the darkness of a fall morning. I no longer felt good enough for my life. Desperation and anger took the reins.
The unsettling feeling brought on by the transpiring events at home, were found in the friendship. It felt like my life had been spent walking a tight rope, navigating the years of adolescence with a disability, even prior to my parent walking out. But, the first day of sophomore year began the cracking of my effort. There was immense challenge in feeling things were worth fighting for. Though, the hope lingered for another few months. My friendship with the guy riding the bus remained pretty casual. Even while appreciating his ability to help with some of my challenges. It was amazing to have a girlfriend during that time. Someone looking beyond the challenges of cerebral palsy, seeing something inside. We continued dating for months after the unraveling of my father. When my license was gained. Quite the accomplishment for having a disability. Though, back then, it didn’t register as such a monumental achievement. Things from that moment shifted, again. As rides were given to my buddy from the bus. To and from school, sacrificing things bringing happiness to myself. Saving him from having to ride the bus. The favors, finding me falling further into the place of giving myself over. Over to securing the physical protection feeling so necessary at the time. Pulling me away from any vulnerability I was allowing myself to experience. The previous couple years had shown me, vulnerability only led to getting hurt. So, security was found in someone who didn’t require feelings.
The absence of feelings served another purpose. It took me away from emotions surrounding my disability. It became acceptable inside my mind for cerebral palsy to make me angry. Things in life were transforming from a challenge to an excuse. Life had become grossly unfair in my thought pattern. The love of people didn’t register as anything I wanted to experience. As it felt further and further from being deserved. As objectification of others emotions became the primary learning. Learning how to be controlled for acceptability and how to control through anger as my release. Blaming nearly everything on the struggles of my disability. One of the aspect of having a narcissistic father seems to be their desire to have everything be perfect. Everything reflecting well on that narcissistic person. Our family didn’t look the part for his standards. Meaning emotional abuse wouldn’t be far behind. But, during that time, emotional abuse didn’t even register as something taking place. All that registered was our family couldn’t meet his standards because he had a disabled son. So, he was only left with one option, to go make a new family. A family void of any disability appeared to be on his bucket list. If my cerebral palsy couldn’t be “fixed” by the time he walked out. Why should it be given any more effort toward improvement? Might as well just let the feelings of inferiority take over my life. This line of thinking, leading me into emotional destruction, numbness, anger, and the pursuit of toxic relationships. Healthy love was pushed out the door.
Everything became in pursuit of the unhealthy friendship. It felt the only thing I deserved. The only relationship that could be functioned within. The strings pulling me into the friendship tightened their grip over time. My buddy from the bus didn’t seem appealing to the people closest in my world. Most of them feeling uneasy when he was around. Concerned over his actions becoming scary with nothing signifying the start. It was part of his personality intriguing me at the time. He had most people in a constant state of uncertain emotion. They were on edge in his presence. Watching their movements around him. Meaning he could gain control at any point by becoming frustrated. It was a trait found in my father while growing up around him. An easy way of gaining social control, by keeping people uneasy. With all the hurt happening in my life. The control over relationships felt desired. Though the pull into that kind of life was, at first fought against. Still remaining hopeful that getting through the turmoil could be possible with my friends. But, as time passed, the fear continued grasping. Tugging me toward those emotions of isolations. Soon my anger became pointed at my girlfriend the most. Slipping into a place of uncontrollably negative thoughts and emotions. Beginning to speak out of an anger. The anger, having rooted itself in the fear taking over my life. That fear was being felt both emotionally and physically. Because, the uncertainty of life and having cerebral palsy became real. Giving way to the temptation of investing further in his friendship. It was an emotional dangerous choice to be made.
Our anger about life fed off one another. Creating a bond difficult to reason against. As the negative emotions about life grew more intense. The friendship escalated, becoming the only thing making me feel anything. It was intoxicating to experience the dysfunction being created. Lashing out at people to gain control over the environment. The actions leading to a place of ignoring the struggles of my disability. By building the reputation of being a mad person. Surrounding myself with someone who shared my desire to hurt others. Convincing ourselves, hurting others was okay in the defense of yourself or someone you cared for. When the only people I showed care for were those who didn’t seem to have genuine care for anything. However, it was my way of handling the cerebral palsy struggles in my life. Any questioning about my disability, even the insinuation of it, was met with frustrations. The threat of anger was starting to be noticed by me, as a controlling mechanism. Forcing people to stay away from certain subjects around me, for fear of an outburst. We were working as an angry team. Anything said about his trances or upset demeanor would be met with me turning away. While anything said about my disability would frustrate him. He might not have cared about me emotionally, but he did provide protection physically. At least it felt that way, while encouraging me to remain angry and numb. As I probably gave similar encouragement to him. The entire objective seemed to be voiding ourselves of any emotions. Using anger and rage, instead of drugs.
I didn’t want to experience the feelings cerebral palsy could have been invoking. It was working to ignore them from my perspective. Act like cerebral palsy had no implication in my life. Looking in the mirror didn’t appeal to me, it felt easier to make it the fault of everyone else. The people who truly cared became nothing but a threat. Painted inside my mind as simply feeling sorry for my circumstance. Who would actually want to be around me, when there was no reason to be. The way they spoke about him had to be the way they spoke about me too. So, I wanted to defend the both of us against their negative comments. They seemed to be surrounded by perfection, while projecting him as being something evil. I simply placed myself in the same category. Citing my disability as the item making me unworthy of walking in their presence. It appeared to be working out beautifully. By the end of our junior year, my high school girlfriend was all but gone, due in large part to my belittling treatment. Whatever kindness was inside me upon meeting, had been erased with anger, resentment, and numbed emotions. The divorce of my parents had become final. My cerebral palsy and its impacts were being ignored. Having given up all thoughts of improving the impact of my disability. Getting into college wasn’t going to happen, so I fell into the angry friendship even deeper. Hopefulness couldn’t be found, heard, or considered. The hate and chaos were firmly planted as my addictions.
It felt like he was rescuing me from heartbreak. If you aren’t feeling it, then it hasn’t been happening. The friendship helped me feel nothing positive. It helped my anger and rage seem to be okay in my eyes. Lumping me in with others who felt those kinds of emotions. The problem was the impact of my numb feelings. The consequences of giving up on myself. Allowing the hurt to run my life. Walking around most of the time in the fog of peer expectations. Whatever other people wanted from me, I did my best to give them. Turning against loved ones. Totally having lost touch with the feelings inside. The final couple years of high school went past in a blur of unrecognizable emotions. The only thing clear was my growing attachment to the buddy found on the bus. Helping him by participating in almost everything he wanted. Having given up so much of myself to be inside our friendship. Though, during the time it seemed the safest thing to have done. Friendships important to me earlier in life were sacrificed. Any negative word spoken about my buddy was looked upon with distain. We began bullying people who would have been called good friends just years prior. By the time high school ended I didn’t care about much of anything. The anger and raging behavior had only gotten worse. His was the only friendship worth clinging onto. Wherever he was headed, I wanted to be taken along. In many respects, the cost to myself didn’t matter. Little did I understand; the friendship was tearing apart my life.
My choices back then led into destruction. Leading me away from those who genuinely cared. Toward a world void of feeling much positivity at all. It lasted through the years of high school. Then, into the first few years after graduation. I tried following him around to most every place he turned. Continuing to remain full of anger. Unable to find the hopeful future I wanted for myself. People began finding their own path. Investing in their journey and experiencing positive momentum. My struggle was facing myself in the mirror. Cerebral palsy wasn’t being worked with. Remaining deep in denial of how to handle the future with my disability. Blaming the disability for the reasons of my struggles. The friendship and disability eventually found me in total discouragement. Experiencing things that never could have been imagined before that sophomore year of high school. Before my self-worth took a tumble not seen coming. Lacking the understanding of how to recover. The hole dug for myself felt void of any way of escape. Pushing further into desperation. Wanting to be accepted by anyone who would provide me the time. Over those years my way had been lost. The identity cultivated of courageously battle cerebral palsy vanished. All of it given away through the state of confusion and hurt. Allowing myself to befriend and become the type of person I hated. An angry and desperate bully.
Everything Falling Apart
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SECOND BATTLE OF YEONPYEONG MOVIE
Movie pundits attribute its succ Three days later, American and South Korean forces launched Operation Paul Bunyan, an operation that cut down the tree with a show of force to intimidate North Korea into backing down, which it did. This list includes engagements on land, air, and sea, but does not include alleged incursions and terrorist incidents that occurred away from the border. Riots and mass killings in the Indian state of Gujarat leave 1, dead. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. The line extends into the sea from the Military Demarcation Line MDL , and consists of straight line segments between 12 approximate channel midpoints, extended in an arc
Today, about 3 million people live in the city, making it South Korea’s third most-populous city after Seoul and Busan. Strategy research project at the U. It is part of the Seoul Capital Area, along with Seoul itself and Gyeonggi Province, forming the world’s fifth largest metropolitan area by population. Member feedback about Northern Limit Line film: A group of spies, the Corps were trained by North Korean special forces since their youth, with a goal of unifying Korea. Conscription in South Korea topic Conscription in South Korea has existed since and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 28 to perform in the army compulsory military service. Self-propelled howitzers Revolvy Brain revolvybrain mm artillery Revolvy Brain revolvybrain Tracked self-propelled howitzers Revolvy Brain revolvybrain.
Incheon Sangryuk Jakjeon was an amphibious invasion and battle of the Korean War that resulted in a decisive victory and strategic reversal in favor of the United Nations UN. The PKX consist of two main designs.
Second Battle of Yeonpyeong
But these days, South Korea is in war remembrance mode, with June 25 marking the 65th anniversary of the start of the Korean War. The Con Artists SBS Plus is launched.
ZEEKANNADA RADHA KALYANAM YESTERDAY EPISODE
Retrieved 3 July The Second Battle of Yeonpyeong Korean: Immediately they were spotted on radar and the South Korean Navy sent patrol boats eyonpyeong warn North Korea.
Was this review helpful to you? North Korean fishing vessels often wander into the area and are frequently chased away by South Korean patrol vessels. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Northern Limit Line () – IMDb
Member feedback about Battle of Haeju: The movies follows the incident known as the second battle of Yeonpyeong which happened in Massive earthquakes hit the western state of Gujarat, India, leaving at least yonpyeong, dead. The line extends into the sea from the Seconf Demarcation Line MDLand consists of straight line segments between 12 approximate channel midpoints, extended in an arc About ten minutes later, two more patrol boats and two corvettes reinforced the South Korean vessels and severely damaged one of the North Korean craft.
Member feedback about Jin Goo: Captain Choi Lee Wan Korean Film Biz Zone. Two North Korean patrol boats crossed the contested border and engaged two South Korean Chamsuri-class patrol boats.
Batfle gained recognition with his role as a North Korean spy in the film Secretly, Greatly as well as a genius hacker in ‘s The Con Artists.
Second Battle of Yeonpyeong – Wikipedia
In one such incursion turned into a naval battle along the limit line. Member feedback about List of shipwrecks in Retrieved from ” https: The United States invades Afghanistan and topples the Taliban regime. Van Dyke, Jon et al. Find showtimes, watch trailers, browse photos, track your Watchlist and rate your favorite movies and TV shows on your phone or tablet!
SAKIGAKE OTOKOJUKU EPISODE 21
S. Korea film offers reminder of 2002 battle with North Korea
The South Korean Navy sent warnings. Member feedback about Kim Mu-yeol: Member feedback about Timeline of the 21st century: Share this Rating Title: This followed a similar confrontation in Member feedback about Sokcho submarine incident: After a prosecution lawyer is framed and convicted for murder, he tries to catch the real murderer from jail with the help of a con artist. Member feedback about Action of 12 October The list of shipwrecks in includes some of the ships sunk, foundered, grounded, or otherwise lost during The dead were Lt.
yenpyeong The following is a list of border incidents involving North and South Korea since the Korean Armistice Agreement of July 27,ended large scale military action of the Korean War. The introduction of a torpedo squadron into the unit on August 29, made it formally recognized as a naval force, and the date was commemorated as Navy Day until it was changed to honour the June 5th date in Borowiec is a special correspondent.
Not knowing the North Koreans were actually spies, the higher-ranking officials ordered their release. Member feedback about List of border incidents involving North and South Korea: I absolutely fell in love with the characters, and how they interacted with one another.
RAJOO DADA MOVIE
COMPRAR INGRESSO CINEMA KINOPLEX WEST SHOPPING
HYPERPLEX CINEMA TIMES BRISBANE
ARENA EDEN BRINDISI PROGRAMMAZIONE FILM
PHANTOM REQUIEM FOR THE PHANTOM EPISODE 1 KISSANIME
A SILENT FILM DRIVEN BY THEIR BEATING HEARTS TRADUCIDA
OCHO APELLIDOS CATALANES FULL MOVIE ONLINE
MY APP BOYFIE FULL MOVIE 2014
LASTIKMAN UNANG BANAT CAST
TINY AND SHEKINAH WEAVE TRIP EPISODE
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ICOMANIA TV AND MOVIES LEVEL 14
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Creativepool Editorial's Pool
Followers 210K
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Nike and W+K United Women Around the World this International Women's Day
For International Women’s Day 2017, Nike and revealed three new films on its Global Women’s YouTube channel in the hope of inspiring more women and girls to get active. The films are part of three campaigns that launched locally last month in the Middle East, Russia and Turkey, but which resonate globally, as today’s kids are the least active generation ever, with girls even less so than boys. Created by Wieden+Kennedy Amsterdam, the three integrated local campaigns were produced simultaneously under one key global objective; encouraging women to leap over life’s obstacles and get active, regardless of societal, physical or cultural barriers.
Kathryn Addo, W+K Amsterdam’s Group Account Director on Nike, said: “Working on a single brief across three wildly different markets with nuanced cultural sensitivities is exactly the kind of challenge W+K Amsterdam is perfectly positioned for. With people not only from the three markets in Nike's brief, but over 25 nationalities, we're instinctively attuned to understanding a large range of diverse cultures and contexts, and we channel that same instinct and curiosity into our strategic and creative processes. This cultural diversity allows us to produce impactful local market work and bring fresh ideas to the table that challenge and respect traditions.” Craig Williams and Al Merry, W+K Amsterdam Creative Directors, added: “In some parts of the world, what’s daunting about sport for women, is how they look in their exercise pants. In the regions we worked in, what was more daunting, was societal expectations, gender discrimination, community pressure and the weight of traditions. Those are the barriers we tried to help break down, in order to clear the way for women to play sport.”
Nike hopes to inspire more women and girls to get active. Currently, there is a global decline in activity amongst children, and girls face an even greater number of barriers. They are more likely than boys to lack confidence in their skills and feel self-conscious about their bodies; and many girls around the world are culturally discouraged from being physically active. The films (below) are airing on broadcast in each local market and are supported by integrated campaigns including print, OOH, social and digital executions, influencer activity and events.
Nike Russia - What Are Girls Made Of?
“What our girls are made of” is one of the most recognisable and loved songs from Russian childhood. Still sung by children and parents from an early age, the song’s verses sweetly describe little girls as made of “flowers,” “gossip” and “marmalade.” The 2-minute “Made Of” film challenges these subtle, but outdated notions of gender roles, by highlighting some of the strongest athletes in Russia. The new film and broader campaign celebrate the strength, power and spirit of Russian women, hoping to create a new dialogue around what’s possible. The film was directed by Riff Raff's David Wilson. In the film, a young girl is shown singing the traditional verses of “What our girls are made of.” However, upon seeing some of Russia’s most accomplished athletes, the girl begins to change the lyrics of the classic song to include a more inspirational message. “Made of bruises; And of punches. Made of bravery; And of clenched fists. Made of independence; And of skills; Of passion and heart; And of dignity. Made of will; That’s harder than flint. Made of strength; And of fire. Made of freedom; From other people’s opinions. Made of accomplishments; And of achievements. This is what our girls are made of.”
Nike Middle East - What Will They Say About You?
“What will they say about you?” is a question many young Arab females are challenged with at home. Women are met with this phrase from family and friends when they endeavour to try something unexpected or to push boundaries beyond social norms. The 70-second ‘What will they say about you?’ film highlights five remarkable women who have achieved personal success through competitive and amateur sport. Despite concerns or criticism, these women hope that the world will say they’re pioneers, role models and strong voices for their region. It was directed by Fleur Fortuné of Division. The film features both professional and everyday athletes from the Arab region, including Parkour Trainer, Amal Mourad; Figure Skater, Zahra Lari; Pop Singer; Balquees Fathi; Fencer, Inès Boubakri; and Boxer, Arifa Bseiso.
Nike Turkey - This Is Us
While women around the world often feel constrained by traditional gender roles, female athletes in Turkey are staying true to themselves and are committed to pursuing their love for sport and fitness, regardless of societal constraints. Shot on a series of cleverly transitioning sets, the 60-second “This is Us” film celebrates the stories of elite and everyday athletes from across Turkey to encourage women to push beyond personal barriers and the limitations others may place on them. It was helmed by Academy Films director Christopher Barrett and Luke Taylor. This is Us features prominent female figures from Turkey’s emerging sport and fitness scene, including Turkish National Basketball Team star, Işıl Alben; Tennis Player, İpek Soylu; Triathlete, Esra Gökçek; National Kickboxer, Funda Diken Alkayış; Dans Fabrika Dancers, led by Çisil Sıkı; and Actresses Dilan Çiçek Deniz and Elvin Levinler.
Academy Films
Riff Raff Films
Wieden+Kennedy
riff raft films
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Key determinants of target DNA recognition by retroviral intasomes.
2015-05-01 /in Engelman /by Academic Web Pages
Serrao E, Ballandras-Colas A, Cherepanov P, Maertens GN, Engelman AN. Key determinants of target DNA recognition by retroviral intasomes. Retrovirology 2015 Apr 30;12:39. doi: 10.1186/s12977-015-0167-3. PubMed PMID: 25924943; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4422553. [Article]
https://cvvr.hms.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/cvvr-header-banner-long-white-bg.png 0 0 Academic Web Pages https://cvvr.hms.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/cvvr-header-banner-long-white-bg.png Academic Web Pages2015-05-01 00:00:002020-03-23 09:30:59Key determinants of target DNA recognition by retroviral intasomes.
Prinicpal Investigators
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HomeCelebrity-GossipFans Are Convinced That Beyonce Is Pregnant After Singer Posts Pictures On...
Fans Are Convinced That Beyonce Is Pregnant After Singer Posts Pictures On Instagram! Here’s The Truth Behind The Viral Rumor
GLASGOW, SCOTLAND - JUNE 09: Beyonce performs on stage during the "On the Run II" Tour with Jay-Z at Hampden Park on June 9, 2018 in Glasgow, Scotland. (Photo by Kevin Mazur/Getty Images For Parkwood Entertainment)
In this advanced age of the Internet, you can’t keep anything avoided the general visibility. All the more along these lines, in the event that you are a superstar. A huge number of prying fans will break down the most modest piece of subtleties in an image and define findings that will even put Sherlock Holmes to disgrace. What’s more, Beyonce was the most recent celeb to feel it.
On August 7, Beyonce shared a photograph of herself on Instagram. It was a performance snap of her wearing a white-shaded dress, where she presented with her arms crossed with a purple tote before her midriff. Also, the Internet went wild with hypotheses. Fans began asserting she is concealing an infant knock in the photograph. They began thinking about whether she’s anticipating her fourth kid with her significant other, Jay-Z, 49. They are as of now guardians to little girl Blue Ivy, 7, and 2-year-old twins Rumi and Sir.
Remarks on her post read, going from rough to easygoing, for example, “Bey why you stowing away yo Stomach Gal!”; “Young lady what indication is this?”; “We’ve been stating much is pregnant.. she’s been dropping pieces of information the whole collection”. They all reverberated the normal hypothesis “Would she say she is concealing an infant knock?”
Beyonce has not tended to the pregnancy bits of gossip, and it is in all respects improbable that she will. The vocalist is famously private and once in a while if at any point, recognizes bits of gossip and reports, and just gives her music a chance to do the talking.
READ Google Stadia: Looks and Feels Good
Be that as it may, if Bey and Jay were to have another angel, it would be their fortunate No. 4 — the couple’s preferred number. Devotees of the hip bounce pair will realize that Bey, Jay, and Bey’s mom, Tina Knowles, 65, were altogether conceived on the fourth. Bey and Jay later wedded on the fourth of April in 2008. Furthermore, Blue has the center name “Ivy” since IV is the Roman numeral for the number four. Gracious, and, JAY’s June 2017 collection is titled “4:44”.
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2020-03-12 Thursday digest
Coronavirus malware thrives, Chinese complain of CIA hacking, wormable Windows SMBv3 flaw, let's encrypt revoking 3M certificates, new CPU vulnerabilities, breaches at Virgin Media, T-Mobile, Koodo, J.Crew and more...
12 Mar 2020 • 15 min read
Ryuk Ransomware Behind Epiq Global and Durham, North Carolina cyberattacks
Microsoft Shares Tactics Used in Human-Operated Ransomware Attacks
Attackers Taking Advantage of the Coronavirus/COVID-19 Media Frenzy
Microsoft Takes Control of Necurs U.S.-Based Infrastructure
Chinese Security Firm Says CIA Hackers Attacked China Since 2008
Most of the attacks on Telecom Sector in 2019 were carried out by China-linked hackers
NSA Warns About Microsoft Exchange Flaw as Attacks Start
Intel CPUs Vulnerable To New LVI Attacks
Microsoft Leaks Info on Wormable Windows SMBv3 CVE-2020-0796 Flaw
Avast disables JavaScript engine in its antivirus following major bug
Cryptographic Signatures, Surprising Pitfalls, and LetsEncrypt
New AMD side channel attacks discovered, impacts Zen architecture
Researcher wins $55,000 for ‘Login with Facebook’ hack
Security advisory: Insufficient data validation in yubikey-val
Emoji to Zero-Day: Latin Homoglyphs in Domains and Subdomains
Malware Analysis and Reverse Engineering Course
New TrickBot Variant Updates Anti-Analysis Tricks
Mokes and Buerak distributed under the guise of security certificates
Who's hacking the hackers: no honor among thieves
Nasty Phishing Scam Pretends to Be Your HIV Test Results
Before Clearview Became a Police Tool, It Was a Secret Plaything of the Rich
Virgin Media Data Breach Exposes Info of 900,000 Customers
T-Mobile Data Breach Exposes Customer's Personal, Financial Info
AnimeGame - 1,431,378 breached accounts
Telus-Owned Koodo Mobile Announces Data Breach, Stolen Info for Sale
J.Crew Disables User Accounts After Credential Stuffing Attack
The City of Durham, North Carolina has shut down its network after suffering a cyberattack by the Ryuk Ransomware. Local media reports that the city fell victim to a phishing attack that ultimately led to the deployment of the Ryuk Ransomware on their systems. To prevent the attack from spreading throughout their network, the City of Durham has temporarily disabled all access into the DCI Network for the Durham Police Department, the Durham Sheriff's Office and their communications center. This has caused the city's 911 call center to shut down and for the Durham Fire Department to lose phone service. Actors were probably present on the network for weeks. The Ryuk Ransomware attacks are usually the result of a network becoming infected with the TrickBot Trojan first, which is usually installed through malicious attachments in phishing emails. Legal services and e-discovery giant Epiq Global took their systems offline on Saturday after the Ryuk Ransomware was deployed and began encrypting devices on their network. On March 2nd, legal reporter Bob Ambrogi broke the news that Epiq had globally taken their systems offline after detecting a cyberattack. Fortinet analyzed the Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures (TTPs) used by this recently discovered Ryuk variant.
Microsoft shared tips on how to defend against human-operated ransomware attacks known to be behind hundreds of millions of dollars in losses following campaigns targeting enterprises and government entities. Ransomware families such as Sodinokibi (REvil), Samas, Bitpaymer, DoppelPaymer, Dharma, and Ryuk are deployed by human operators, which makes these attacks a lot more dangerous than auto- spreading ransomware like NotPetya, WannaCry, or those installed via malware and phishing attacks. They take advantage of similar security weaknesses, highlighting a few key lessons in security, notably that these attacks are often preventable and detectable.
For the first quarter of 2020, coverage on the Coronavirus/COVID-19 outbreak has dominated the 24-hour global news cycle. Government leaders, scientists, and health professionals worldwide suggest that this is not merely an epidemic, but a potential pandemic crisis. And the easiest and fastest way to exploit a target, whether an individual or an organization, is through social engineering attacks. These attack vectors are the fastest to spin up, and have the highest rate of return. This is especially true as drive-by downloads become less common due to security vendors improving response times and security posture by the timely patching of vulnerabilities. Coronavirus-related Threat Activity Over the past several weeks, FortiGuard Labs has been observing a significant increase in both legitimate and malicious activity surrounding the Coronavirus. The Cofense Phishing Defense Center (PDC) has observed a new phishing campaign found in an environment protected by Ironport that aims to strike alarm and manipulate end users into clicking on a Microsoft-branded credential phish that preys on concerns surrounding the coronavirus. A new spam campaign is underway that is preying on the fears of Coronavirus (COVID-19) to target people in Italy with the TrickBot information-stealing malware. When sending malicious spam, malware distributors commonly use current events, fears, and politics as themes for the emails to get recipients to open the attached malicious documents. According to new research by Sophos, attached to these emails is a malicious Word document that when opened states that you need to click on the 'Enable Content' button to properly view it.
Microsoft announced a coordinated takedown of Necurs, one of the largest spam and malware botnets known to date, believed to have infected more than nine million computers worldwide. The takedown effort came after Microsoft and industry partners broke the Necurs DGA -the botnet's domain generation algorithm, the component that generates random domain names. Necurs authors register DHA-generated domains weeks or months in advance and host the botnet's command-and-control (C&C) servers, where bots (infected computers) connect to receive new commands. "We were then able to accurately predict over six million unique domains that would be created in the next 25 months," said Tom Burt, Microsoft Vice President for Customer Security & Trust. Breaking the DGA allowed Microsoft and its industry partners to create a comprehensive list of future Necurs C&C server domains that they can now block and prevent the Necurs team from registering.
Chinese security vendor Qihoo 360 says that the US Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) has hacked Chinese organizations for the last 11 years, targeting various industry sectors and government agencies. Qihoo 360 claims in the report that lacks any technical details that the CIA hacking group (APT-C-39) has targeted a multitude of Chinese companies between September 2008 and June 2019, with a focus on aviation organizations, scientific research institutions, petroleum industry, Internet companies, and government agencies. Additionally, the Chinese security outfit claims that the APT-C-39 hacking campaigns also used tools connected with the US National Security Agency.
China-linked cyber espionage groups increasingly targeted organizations in the telecommunications industry in 2019. According to the CrowdStrike 2020 Global Threat Report, the telecommunications and government sectors were the most targeted by the threat actors. Most of the attacks against organizations in the telecom sector were attributed to China-linked hacker groups, such as Wicked Panda (aka APT41), Emissary Panda (aka APT27, Bronze Union, Lucky Mouse, and TG-3390), and Lotus Panda (aka Thrip). Chinese hackers also targeted several organizations in the healthcare sector, government and defense sectors of countries in Asia. The experts also observed some attacks that were likely conducted by China-linked APT groups, but that was not possible to link to specific groups. Analysis in 2019 revealed a focus by Chinese adversaries on the telecommunications sector, which could support both signals intelligence and further upstream targeting. Content related to defense, military and government organizations remains a popular lure for targeted intrusion campaigns, reads the report published by CrowdStrike. Telecommunications organizations are a privileged target of China- linked hackers that focus on cyber espionage campaigns and aims at launching attacks against other organizations.
The U.S. National Security Agency warned about a post-auth remote code execution vulnerability in all supported Microsoft Exchange Server servers via a tweet published on the agency's Twitter account. NSA's tweet reminded followers to patch the CVE-2020-0688 vulnerability which would enable potential attackers to execute commands on vulnerable Microsoft Exchange servers using email credentials. State-backed hackers already attacking Microsoft Exchange servers. The same day, researchers at security firm Volexity confirmed that exploitation of this security flaw has begun in late February, with several organizations already having had their networks compromised after state-backed advanced persistent threats (APT) groups exploited the CVE-2020-0688 flaw.
A team of academics from universities across the world, along with vulnerability researchers from Bitdefender, disclosed a new security flaw in Intel processors. Named Load Value Injection, or LVI for short, this is a new class of theoretical attacks against Intel CPUs. While the attack has been deemed only a theoretical threat, Intel has released firmware patches to mitigate attacks against current CPUs, and fixes will be deployed at the hardware (silicon design) level in future generations.
Microsoft leaked info on a security update for a 'wormable' pre-auth remote code execution vulnerability found in the Server Message Block 3.0 (SMBv3) network communication protocol that reportedly should have been disclosed as part of this month's Patch Tuesday. Devices running Windows 10 are impacted by this vulnerability, although more versions should be affected given that SMBv3 was introduced in Windows 8 and Windows Server 2012. An attacker could exploit this bug by sending a specially crafted packet to the target SMBv3 server, which the victim needs to be connected to, Cisco Talos explained in their Microsoft Patch Tuesday report --- this was later removed by the Talos security experts. Fortinet says that upon successful exploitation, CVE-2020-0796 could allow remote attackers to take full control of vulnerable systems. Others have already started coming up with names for the vulnerability such as SMBGhost, DeepBlue 3: Redmond Drift, Bluesday, CoronaBlue, and NexternalBlue.
Czech antivirus maker Avast has taken the extreme step of disabling a major component of its antivirus product after a security researcher found a dangerous vulnerability that put all of the company's users at risk. The security flaw was found in Avast's JavaScript engine, an internal component of the Avast antivirus that analyzes JavaScript code for malware before allowing it to execute in browsers or email clients. Despite being highly privileged and processing untrusted input by design, it is unsandboxed and has poor mitigation coverage, said Tavis Ormandy, a security researcher at Google. Any vulnerabilities in this process are critical, and easily accessible to remote attackers, Ormandy said on Monday when he also released a tool that he used to analyze the company's antivirus.
On August 11th, 2015, Andrew Ayer reviewed draft-barnes-acme-04 and found vulnerabilities in the DNS, DVSNI, and Simple HTTP challenges that would allow an attacker to fraudulently complete these challenges using Lets Encrypt. The draft-barnes-acme-04 is a document specifying ACME, one of the protocols behind the Let's Encrypt Certificate Authority. The thing that your browser trust and that signs the public keys of websites you visit. The attack was found merely 6 weeks before major browsers were supposed to ship with Let's Encrypt's public keys in their trust store. The draft has since become RFC 8555: Automatic Certificate Management Environment (ACME), mitigating the issues. Since then no cryptographic attacks are known on the protocol. But how did we get there? What's the deal with signature schemes these days? and are all of our protocols doomed? This is what this blog post will answer. Let's Encrypt planned to revoke more than 3 million TLS certificates on Wednesday after it discovered a bug that allowed an important security check performed during TLS issuance to be bypassed. The bug posed a small risk that a TLS certificate could have been issued when the owner of a domain forbid Let's Encrypt from issuing it. In just two days, more than 1.7 million certificates were reissued in just 48 hours, writes Josh Aas, executive director of the Internet Security Research Group (ISRG), which runs Let's Encrypt, in a Bugzilla thread. Rather than potentially break so many sites and cause concern for their visitors, we have determined that it is in the best interest of the health of the Internet for us to not revoke those certificates by the deadline.
AMD processors manufactured between 2011 and 2019 (the time of testing) are vulnerable to two new attacks, research published this week has revealed. The two new attacks impact the security of the data processed inside the CPU and allow the theft of sensitive information or the downgrade of security features. The research team said it notified AMD of the two issues in August 2019, however, the company has not released microcode (CPU firmware) updates, claiming these "are not new speculation-based attacks," a statement that the research team disagrees with.
Facebook's bug bounty program has yielded a hefty paycheck to a researcher from India who discovered a serious security flaw in the platform. In December, last year, Amol Baikar was tinkering with the "Login with Facebook" feature when he discovered that he could hijack the OAuth flow and steal a user's access tokens. All an attacker had to do was to send the victim a malicious link, which the unwary recipient would (theoretically) click. With the access tokens in hand, the attacker would be able to take over the user's account. Facebook acknowledged the issue within a few hours of Baikar submitting the bug report. On December 16, the social network silently pushed out a fix.
Yubico received a report from LinkedIn Information Security indicating there is insufficient data validation in the open-source project for YubiKey Validation Server. Yubico verified the issue and has made a security update available to mitigate this issue and enhance the validation of information sent to the APIs. The next major release of the YubiKey Validation Server will become available by July 2020. This issue potentially affects developers, partners, and customers who have used a YubiKey Validation Server to build a self-hosted One-Time Password (OTP) validation service. The default configuration of the service only exposes the verified API, which could allow an attacker to perform a denial of service, potentially preventing legitimate authentications. Additionally, if the configuration has been modified to expose the sync API, then this vulnerability could potentially be used by an attacker to replay a previously used OTP.
Prior to this advisory, it was possible to register homograph domain names on gTLDs (.com, .net, etc.) as well as subdomains within some SaaS companies using homoglyph characters. This vulnerability is similar to an IDN Homograph attack and presents all the same risks. An attacker could register a domain or subdomain which appears visually identical to its legitimate counterpart and perform social-engineering or insider attacks against an organization. Between 2017 and today, more than a dozen homograph domains have had active HTTPS certificates. This included prominent financial, internet shopping, technology, and other Fortune 100 sites. There is no legitimate or non-fraudulent justification for this activity.
This class will introduce the CS graduate students to malware concepts, malware analysis, and black-box reverse engineering techniques. The target audience is focused on computer science graduate students or undergraduate seniors without prior cyber security or malware experience. It is intended to introduce the students to types of malware, common attack recipes, some tools, and a wide array of malware analysis techniques.
A new TrickBot variant shows that the malware is continuing to swap out new anti-analysis and persistence tactics. Researchers uncovered a new variant of the TrickBot malware that relies on new anti-analysis techniques, an updated method for downloading its payload as well as adopting minor changes to the integration of its components. More recently, the operators behind the malware appear to be changing up their anti-detection methods. In new behavior for this variant, once executed, the JavaScript code first waits for about one minute. After waiting, the JavaScript file then executes a command ("Select * from Win32~Process~") to obtain all running processes on the victim's system. It then puts all the names of these obtained processes together and checks to see if its length is less than 3,100 - another new anti-analysis functionality, researchers said. After downloading the TrickBot payload in a file in the %temp% folder, the JavaScript file then copies itself into the Windows startup folder so it can start whenever Windows OS starts. Once the payload is executed, it is similar to previous versions of the TrickBot malware. In another slight modification, the newest TrickBot variant also integrates the module "systeminfo" into the payload file, which was a standalone module before. Finally, researchers said that the newest variant also reflects a change in the command used to request up-to-date server configuration data.
The technique of distributing malware under the guise of legitimate software updates is not new. As a rule, cybercriminals invite potential victims to install a new version of a browser or Adobe Flash Player. However, recently a new approach was discovered to this well-known method: visitors to infected sites were informed that some kind of security certificate had expired. Unsurprisingly, the update on offer was malicious. The compromised websites display a message claiming the website's security certificate is expired and urge visitors to install a "security certificate update" to correctly view the content of the website.
Experts from security firm Cybereason warn of a mysterious group of hackers that are distributing trojanized hacking tools on an almost daily basis for the past years. These hacking tools are used by fellow hackers that appear to be the targets of the group. The tools are being shared online on popular hacking forums and blogs, they are infected with a version of the njRAT that is used by attackers to establish a backdoor on the victims' systems and take full control of them. The threat actors behind this campaign are posting malware embedded inside various hacking tools and cracks for those tools on several websites. Once the files are downloaded and opened, the attackers are able to completely take over the victim's machine, reads the report published Cybereason. The researchers discovered more than 1,000 samples while investigating the group's operations, but experts believe the campaign could be broader.
A new phishing scam is pretending to be your HIV test results to make you more likely to open up a malicious Excel document and become infected. Over the past year, phishing campaigns have been getting nastier and nastier with scammers coming up with wild stories to get you to open a malicious document or click a link. In what could be a new low, Proofpoint researchers have found scammers sending phishing emails with malicious Excel spreadsheets that pretend to be your HIV test results from Vanderbilt University. While the scammers mess up and misspell 'Vanderbit University', unless you pay close attention you can easily miss the spelling mistake. Once you enable content, though, malicious macros will be executed that downloads and installs the Koadic penetration test and post-exploitation toolkit. It is important to remember that medical institutions will never send medical results via ordinary email and will instead have you log in to a secure portal to view results.
Clearview was unknown to the general public until this January, when The New York Times reported that the secretive start-up had developed a breakthrough facial recognition system that was in use by hundreds of law enforcement agencies. The company quickly faced a backlash on multiple fronts. Facebook, Google and other tech giants sent cease-and-desist letters. Lawsuits were filed in Illinois and Virginia, and the attorney general of New Jersey issued a moratorium against the app in that state. In response to the criticism, Clearview published a "code of conduct," emphasizing in a blog post that its technology was "available only for law enforcement agencies and select security professionals to use as an investigative tool. Accordingly, the Clearview app has built-in safeguards to ensure these trained professionals only use it for its intended purpose: to help identify the perpetrators and victims of crimes. The Times, however, has identified multiple individuals with active access to Clearview's technology who are not law enforcement officials. And for more than a year before the company became the subject of public scrutiny, the app had been freely used in the wild by the company's investors, clients and friends. Those with Clearview logins used facial recognition at parties, on dates and at business gatherings, giving demonstrations of its power for fun or using it to identify people whose names they didn't know or couldn't recall.
Virgin Media announced that the personal information of roughly 900,000 of its customers was accessed without permission on at least one occasion because of a misconfigured and unsecured marketing database. Virgin Media is a leading cable operator in the U.K. and Ireland, and it delivered 14.6 million broadband, video, and fixed-line telephony services to approximately 6.0 million cable customers, as well as mobile services to 3.3 million subscribers. Lutz Schüler, CEO of Virgin Media, said in a press release that the company immediately solved the issue by shutting down access to this database, which contained some contact details of approximately 900,000 people, including fixed-line customers representing approximately 15% of that customer base. The database did not include any passwords or financial details, such as credit card information or bank account numbers, but did contain limited contact information such as names, home, and email addresses and phone numbers, he added.
T-Mobile has announced a data breach caused by an email vendor being hacked that exposed the personal and financial information for some of its customers. Some email accounts that were hacked contained T-Mobile customer information such as social security numbers, financial information, government ID numbers, billing information, and rate plans. To alert customers of the data breach, T-Mobile began texting customers affected by the data breach. These text messages contain a link to one of the two "Notice of Data Breach" pages on T-Mobile's site depending on what data was exposed. The personal information accessed could include names and addresses, Social Security numbers, financial account information, and government identification numbers, as well as phone numbers, billing and account information, and rate plans and features. The information accessed may have included customer names and addresses, phone numbers, account numbers, rate plans and features, and billing information.
In February 2020, the gaming website AnimeGame suffered a data breach. The incident affected 1.4M subscribers and exposed email addresses, usernames and passwords stored as salted MD5 hashes. The data was subsequently shared on a popular hacking forum and was provided to HIBP by dehashed.com.
Telus-owned Koodo Mobile has suffered a data breach after their systems were hacked and customer data from August and September 2017 was stolen by the attackers. According to a data breach notification email from Koodo Mobile that was seen by BleepingComputer, their systems were hacked on February 13th, 2020, and an unauthorized person stole customer data from August and September 2017 that contains mobile account numbers and telephone numbers.
US clothing retailer J.Crew announced that it was the victim of a credential stuffing attack around April 2019 that led to some of its customers' accounts and information being accessed by hackers. Credentials stuffing is a type of attack where hackers use large collections of username/password combinations bought from underground markets and leaked after previous security breaches and use them to gain access to user accounts on other online platforms. The rate of success of such attacks is highly dependent on the common practice of users using the same email and password for multiple online accounts. Their end goal is to log into as many accounts as possible onto the targeted site and take over the identities of the account owners, steal money, or gather information.
Continuous flow of coronavirus-themed malware, Czech hospital and US Health department hit by cyberattack, Whisper app exposed locations, Slack bug allowed account takeover attacks, and more...
daniel 18 Mar 2020 • 10 min read
US charges two with laundering $100M for North Korea, Swiss govt files criminal complaint over Crypto AG scandal, Troy Hunt decided Have I Been Pwned will not be sold, Internet outages in Iran, and more...
daniel 3 Mar 2020 • 6 min read
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Allison Janney Wants Lana Del Rey to Run for President
By Farah Farooq On Oct 14, 2019
Everyone would agree on the change of USA’s president and though you might already have a candidate in mind, the one Allison Janney has in mind is the best. The actress recently attended a concert and she was so inspired that she wants the singer to run for president. Though we don’t fault her. Who wouldn’t want Lana Del Rey to become a President?
Related: Lana Del Rey’s Norman Fucking Rockwell Album is Brilliant
Allison Janney Wants Lana Del Rey to Become President
The Oscar-winning actress recently attended Del Rey’s concert and now she wants her to run for president. Honestly, we support this because imagine. LANA DEL REY AS PRESIDENT!!! The world needs that and this needs to happen.
Allison Janney took to her Instagram account to announce her wish. She posted a picture from the concert and in the caption she wrote,
Thank you @lanadelrey please run for president.
Thank you @lanadelrey please run for president
A post shared by Allison Janney (@allisonbjanney) on Oct 10, 2019 at 11:02pm PDT
Have You Listened to Norman Fucking Rockwell Yet?
If you haven’t, where have you been living!!??!!! Also, do it right now or otherwise Allison Janney wouldn’t be happy. She wants Del Rey to become president and you’re all out there who haven’t heard her music. The blasphemy!
To make it easier for you, we’ll link you to the newest songs on the album. Catch them all below.
We thank Allison Janney for putting this idea out there. Seriously, lets all campaign for Lana Del Rey to become president. We’ll finally get a female president for the USA and it’ll be a sad girl summer all year long.
Related: Allison Janney & Ellen DeGeneres Throwback Picture Will Make You Nostalgic
Because we’re talking about campaigns and presidents, check out our review for Netflix’s show The Politician.
Keep your votes ready, and vote for Lana Del Rey.
Allison JanneyCelebrities Stanning CelebritiesLana Del ReyNorman Fucking Rockwell
Farah Farooq 298 posts
Contributing Writer.
Farah Farooq aspires to be become one of the leading movie critics. Her hobbies include procrastinating on twitter and fangirling over every fandom possible. She also watches way too many dramas and movies. And in between she might manage to read a book too. She likes cute stationery, EXO and Timothée Chalamet.
You can find her ranting at 3 am @peacctea on twitter.
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Home > Departments > University Archives > Publications > Utah State Magazine > 37
The Utah State Quarterly, Vol. 16 No. 3, March 1939
Utah State University, "The Utah State Quarterly, Vol. 16 No. 3, March 1939" (1939). Utah State Magazine. 37.
https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/utahstatemagazine/37
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