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Gary Clark Jr Autograph Poster Contest
September Contest
Gary Clark Jr. Autograph Poster
Rarely does an artist explode onto the music scene with the force and impact of a comet. But when it does happen — as it did when 26-year-old singer-guitarist Gary Clark Jr. delivered an incendiary debut performance of his song “Bright Lights” at Eric Clapton’s 2010 Crossroads Guitar Festival last June — the result is magical. Funky, hip, and badass, Gary Clark Jr. is a rocking soul man for a new generation.
Weaned on John Lee Hooker, Lightnin Hopkins, and T-Bone Walker, Clark fuses his deep blues influence with a love of classic hip-hop and contemporary soul. His voice weaves between a melodic lilt and a seasoned blues howl with his guitar licks dancing and dodging between and behind the beat as if the essence of Snoop and Dre loom in his head by way of the Mississippi Delta. The virtuosity Clark displays, and the tone he rings from his cherry-red Epiphone Casino guitar, put most modern rock shredders to shame.
Born and raised in Austin, TX, Clark began playing guitar at age 12. He performed small gigs throughout his early teens before popping up on the radar of legendary promoter Clifford Antone, owner of Austin blues club Antone’s. Through Clifford’s connections, Clark was soon sitting in with and learning from an array of musical icons, including Jimmie Vaughan. Vaughan, and others in the Austin music community, mentored Clark along his path, facilitating his steady rise on the Texas music scene. His peers have showered him with acclaim for his galvanizing live performances. In 2001, Austin’s mayor, Kirk Watson, declared May 3rd to be “Gary Clark Jr. Day.” Clark was 17 years old.
Clark went on to win the Austin Music Award for Best Blues and Electric Guitarist on three separate occasions, in addition to receiving awards from various blues magazines and associations around the country. After playing the nationally televised show Austin City Limits and touring with such artists as Jimmie Vaughan, Pinetop Perkins, and Doyle Bramhall II, Clark released two self-produced albums, and composed the original score for the film Full Count. Clark’s creative versatility and love for not just blues, but also soul, hip-hop, classic rock, and jam bands, has allowed him to transcend his own musical talents. He starred alongside Danny Glover and Stacy Keach in John Sayles’ 2007 film Honeydripper.
In 2010, Clark was the only young newcomer to be selected by Eric Clapton to perform at the Crossroads Guitar Festival, where he performed with Doyle Bramhall II and Sheryl Crow. A DVD of the show, released last November, led to Clark’s signing with Warner Bros. Records for whom he is currently working on his major-label debut album. Clark’s singular talent has also attracted a bevy of artist support, including accolades from Sheryl Crow, Citizen Cope, Damian Marley, Ron Wood, and Questlove. As the latter recently Tweeted after witnessing a December performance at New York’s Brooklyn Bowl: “I don’t think y’all understand the greatness that is in front of you. Gary Clark Jr. is kickin’ ass and takin’ names.”
Here is your chance to win a poster signed by Gary Clark Jr.
We only have one so hurry!
Rules / Details:
Only 1 entry per person. If more than one, the entry will not be counted.
If Quiz Question is answered wrong or left blank your entry will not count.
The Winner will be chosen at random.
The Winner will be contacted via email.
**Email’s are confidencial and will only be used for the contest.
Contest Is Over
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A word from the Art School Director
The Art School has a proud history in quality art education; a warm and friendly atmosphere with classes in four, ten week terms, using medium, such as oil, acrylic, watercolour and pastel. Subjects ranging from life drawing/painting, portraiture, still life, botanical and plein air, to expressive classes all taught by our team of very talented and dedicated artist teachers.
Our programme offers a ‘Diploma’ course for the dedicated student wanting a more complete art education in a wider range of painting and drawing disciplines.
Regular ‘Sketch Clubs’ (no tuition) offer a safe supervised venue for life drawing and portraiture in the spacious, well equipped studios.
During the year we hold workshops by specialised guest teachers who are all experts in their chosen field.
The highlight of the Art School year is the “RAS Art School Exhibition”, where all students are invited to participate in this annual exhibition with a full gala opening including awards and prizes.
Greg Hansell FRAS - Art School Director
A friendly class from pastel specialist Greg Hansell, developing skills of colour and layering of colours, painting still life and plein-air with a new subject each week, highlighting different aspects for the student to observe. A class with a strong link to examples in art history and the way many artists observed and expressed many varied subjects.
The class has a strong emphasis on the student finding their own language in pastels.
A course specialising in the basic tradition of drawing line, perspective and observation of tonal values. Each week a new task expressing different aspects of still life, learning the know3lexge required for accurate and fun drawing.
A very handy course for any emerging artist to get the right foundations and confidence for sketching, drawing and drawing for painting.
Greg teaches pastels on Thursdays 9:30 - 12:30 and
Principles of Drawing and Perspective on Tuesdays 6pm - 8pm
John Haycraft - Drawing and Watercolour
John has been a professional artist since 1971. Trained as a perspective artist he has over the years developed his interest in watercolour as a medium for expressive painting particularly well adapted for plein-air work. He believes in the fundamental importance of good drawing as well as knowing the rules of figurative painting before you go out and deliberately break them. Grounded in sound technical knowledge, John encourages his students to look for the mood and atmosphere in a picture rather than recording scenes with no emotion.
You will learn how to draw rapidly and accurately, how to manage your palette, the principles of composition, handling washes , wet-in-wet technique, with critical analysis of your work and study the work of masters.
He is an experienced teacher running workshops, and teaching regularly at summer and winter schools throughout the country and overseas. John provides thoughtful notes and references with every class.
John teaches on a Thursday, 9:30-12:30
Alan Somerville - Drawing
Alan Somerville is a figurative artist, whose sculptures and drawings are steeped in the expressionistic style of Rodin, Degas and Daumier.
His body of work is both broad and critically acclaimed. His numerous public works include the two iconic Bronze Diggers on Sydney’s Anzac Bridge, the Bull at World Square, Sir Henry Parkes in Centennial Park, Sir Roden Cutler, at Manly, and the three bronze sculptures at the Australian War Memorial, plus countless private commissions in Australia and abroad.
Alan teaches drawing with Pam Irving on Thursdays, 1.30 - 4.30pm
Julie Simmons - Watercolour, plein air
Julie has developed her own unique style, pushing the boundaries of the watercolour medium to produce works full of light and depth of tone whilst maintaining the transparent quality of the medium.
Although Julie paints in oils, pastels and mixed media it is the medium of watercolour that excites her the most. She paints en plein air regularly and her classes are always popular.
Julie teaches on a Friday, 1.30 - 4.30pm
Susie Murphie - Watercolour
"I teach a loose approach to painting. Very much ‘less is more’. I like to have fun in my lessons and do not hold back when someone is not doing the right thing... In the nicest possible way of course! I certainly give lots of praise too. I try to give students confidence in their ability and believe that you only need basic drawing skills with watercolour. If the paint is properly applied, you will end up with a lovely painting."
Mellissa Read-Devine - Exploring Acrylics
Join artist Mellissa Read-Devine and explore this versatile and exciting medium. Beginners to Advanced tuition. This class encourages students to explore their own techniques and creativity. An enthusiastic and contemporary tutor, Mellissa aims to bring out the best in each student; encouraging personal development at their own pace. Subjects will be varied, elements of composition will be explored, colour and brushstroke will be encouraged! The class will cover many aspects of the medium and techniques, including the addition of mixed media and acrylic mediums.
Mellissa teaches on a Wednesday, 10am - 1pm
Joseph Bezzina - Plein Air Landscape
Joe is an experienced landscape and figurative artist with an ability to capture the rugged Australian bush in acrylic and oils. He encourages students to gain knowledge on tonal construction, composition and atmospheric perspective while letting the individual's style develop. Materials list - speak with tutor who will advise you.
Joe teaches on Saturday 9:30am - 12:30pm
Mondays 9:30am - 12:30pm and 1pm - 4pm
Denis Clarke - Expressive Compositional Drawing/Painting
Denis Clarke is an established artist who exhibits and teaches in Australia and the UK. He studied at the National Art School Sydney, St Martins School of Art, London and has judged several prestigious art awards including the British Art Show, Alexandra Palace, London and the Lloyd Rees Youth Art Award, Sydney.
Denis has lectured at several art schools and universities, including The National Art School, and Charles Sturt University in Australia, and the Camden School of Art, London. Denis is also renowned for devising and delivering innovative master class courses linking observational drawing to creative and experimental methods with drawing and mixed media.
Denis’s work is characterized by expressive use of colour, movement and intense observation of everyday subjects. He is represented in public collections including The Art Gallery of NSW and Lloyds of London and has been the recipient of major awards and residencies including The NSW Travelling Art Scholarship, The Cite Internationale des Arts Studio, Paris and Wollombi Valley Arts Council, NSW. Denis has exhibited widely in galleries and art fairs in London and Switzerland, and is currently represented in Sydney by the Stanley Street Gallery.
Denis teaches on a Tuesday 9.30am-1.30pm
Barbara Duckworth - Botanical Drawing/Painting
Barbara has a Diploma of Art from Central Technical School Toronto, Canada and studied Natural History Drawing at the British Museum of Natural History, London. She has worked for the Australian Museum and at the Macquarie University as Biological Illustrator/Artist.
"Plants come in a rainbow of colours! Have a favourite flower you've always wanted to paint but don't know where to start? Acquire skills to visually record the magic of the botanical world around you. Everyone can draw - individual attention in the exploration and use of the fundamental principles of line, shading, composition and the effect of light to define the form, shape and texture of the specimen".
Barbara has two classes on a Wednesday: 10am-1pm and 1:15-4:15
Joshua McPherson - Portraiture
This class is open to all from beginners to the more experienced. Beginners will focus on monochrome painting whilst more experienced painters will start with a limited colour palette. Students will learn the essential qualities of painting - accuracy, tone/light effect, mixing subtle skin tones and how to depict the illusion of form and space as well as the technical aspects of painting, ie, supports, application of paint, correct layering of a painting and mediums.
This class is designed to increase the level of accuracy and fine tune the approach to painting from life in any student’s work whether experienced or beginner. Two different portraits will be painted over the 10 session term.
Joshua has exhibited in Florence, Italy and in group exhibitions in London and the United States. In 2010 he was the winner of the A.M.E. Bale Travelling Scholarship. In 2012 was a finalist in the EMSIA Still Life Award, in 2013 a finalist in the Adelaide Perry Drawing Prize, also a finalist in the Archibald Prize, Moran and the 2019 BP Portrait Prize.
Joshua will be teaching Wednesdays, 1:30pm to 4:30pm
Pamela Irving - Portrait
This portrait class focuses on developing simple tools for painting or drawing representational portrait in a gestural, realistic, impressionistic or expressive manner. We will be concentrating on the drawing and tones in order to have a better understanding of portrait painting, while exploring a variety of different pallettes and media including charcoal, pastel and oils.
Pamela teaches on a Friday: 1:30 - 4:30
Hiren Patel - Oil Painting
Hiren paints urban landscapes which portray the mood, atmosphere and activity of a scene. He chooses to paint with oils for their versatility. His painting methods are based on the 19th century realists and impressionists. He employs the ‘Alla Prima’ technique. Good design, composition and dramatic light are very important to his work.
“My work starts from an idea of light and mood. I create a mental image and then the image develops into a composition. The painting starts as a very loose drawing with patches of colours in various areas; mainly paying attention to compositional elements such as line, shape, edges, tone, colour and texture.”
Hiren teaches on Wednesday evenings, 6:30-9:30pm
Marilyn Hay - Drawing and Watercolour
Marilyn P. Hay began her formal studies at the National Art School. She studied during a time when traditional values and classical notions of drawing, composition and colour were still taught while more experimental trends were being introduced, and the experience of straddling these two schools of thought still informs and underpins her work.
Marilyn teaches on Mondays; 9:30-12:30 and 1-3:30
This page is a work in progress. Check back soon for more information or phone our Secretary Christine for more details: 9955 5752
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http://www.safrica24.com/entertainment/ami-faku-shares-journey-through-music/185243-news
Ami Faku shares journey through music
Singer and songwriter Ami Faku might be a new kid on the block but with every single she releases, she is cementing herself in the industry. Faku features on a hit single alongside Sun El Musician, on, Into Ingawe and she just released her latest single, Love Drunk.
Born and raised in the Eastern Cape, Faku started making a name for herself when she auditioned for "The Voice South Africa" and was picked by Lira in 2017.
Although her time on the show was short-lived, she caught the attention of the show’s music director, who later connected her to record label boss, Raphael Benza.
Speaking about "Love Drunk", Faku said she was inspired by her own experiences.
“I was dating someone, and I just was not getting what I wanted from that person. When I complained, they always said I was trying to change them, which was not the case. I just realised that he was not drunk on love as much as I was and I needed to walk away, so I did.”
She said that although writing songs from her own experiences were easy, it was that way only because she was willing to let people know more about her and her life.
“As musicians, we can write and sing songs about absolutely anything, but writing about our own experiences is only easy when you want to share those with the world and I have no walls up. I want to share my experiences and I want people to relate to me while I deliver quality music.”
The rising star said she hoped to one day collaborate with an international star and sing in Xhosa.
“When collaborations happen with international stars you find that it is always in English. I want to sing in Xhosa on an international collaboration because I love my language and I am very proud of it, and I think as Africans we must be proud of our languages.”
Faku also plans on releasing a full body of work later this year but is not sure if it will be an EP or full album.
“The songs are all done. Now it is all about deciding if it will be an EP or an album. Right now it is neither, so I just need to figure that out but I won’t speak too much on it because I like the element of surprise.”
Love Drunk is available on Spotify, iTunes and Apple Music.
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France Reacts to Iran’s Decision to Suspend Some JCPOA Commitments
TEHRAN (defapress) – “Nothing would be worse” than Iran leaving the JCPOA, France’s defense minister said on Wednesday, claiming that France, Britain, and Germany were doing all they can to keep the agreement alive.
Date: 08 May 2019 - 12:37
Florence Parly said nothing would be worse than Iran withdrawing from the deal and that France, Britain and Germany were doing all they could to keep the accord alive, Reuters reported on Wednesday.
He also warned that if Iran were to not keep to its commitments, then the question of triggering a mechanism that could lead to sanctions would be on the table.
The ambassadors of the countries remaining in the deal — France, Britain, Germany, Russia and China — on Wednesday received a letter penned by President Hassan Rouhani on the suspension of some of Iran's commitments under the accord, officially called the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA).
The remarks by the French minister come as senior Iranian officials have in the past two days repeatedly stressed that the country is not leaving the JCPOA but stopping to implement “some of its commitments” to the deal.
Upon his arrival in the Russian capital Moscow late on Tuesday, Iran’s Foreign Minister Mohammad Javad Zarif said, “Unfortunately, the European Union and other members of the international community were not capable of standing up to the US’ pressures”.
Therefore, he added, Iran has decided to stop implementing some of the JCPOA commitments it used to fulfill voluntarily “for now”.
So Iran is not doing anything against JCPOA now; rather, it is acting totally within the framework of Articles 26 and 36 of the deal, Zarif added.
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Rambert is Britain’s oldest dance company. We gave our first performances in 1926. Our history dates even further back, to 1914, when Polish emigree and former Ballet Russes dancer Marie Rambert arrived in London fleeing the outbreak of the First World War.
In London she supported herself by giving tuition in dance and eurhythmics. At the same time she continued with her own ballet studies, as well as performing as a soloist. Two years later she opened a school of dancing in Bedford Gardens, Kensington.
The birth of British ballet
A Tragedy of Fashion (1926)
In 1926 Marie Rambert and her students presented the ballet A Tragedy of Fashion by Frederick Ashton, then one of her students, as part of a revue at the Lyric Theatre in Hammersmith. It is said that this piece marked the birth of British ballet, and also the formation of Rambert Dance Company.
From 1926 Marie Rambert and her dancers staged more occasional performances, until they formed the Ballet Club in 1930. This was essentially a group of talented artists who came together for regular Sunday performances at the Mercury Theatre in Notting Hill Gate, as well as short seasons in the West End and regional theatres (The Mercury Theatre was owned by Rambert’s husband, Ashley Dukes, and acted as a base for the company for many years.) In 1935 the company began using the name “Ballet Rambert”.
The company combined restagings of works from the Ballet Russes by Fokine, Nijinsky and Massine with the creation of new works by choroegraphers including Ashton, Andrée Howard, Susan Salaman and Antony Tudor, among others.
Touring ballet company
A 1957 production of Dark Elegies, Antony Tudor’s signature work, created for Rambert in 1937
During the Second World War Ballet Rambert became a full time touring company and, as the Company had outgrown the tiny Mercury Theatre, from 1946 its most frequent London performances were at Sadler’s Wells. During the war the Company did a great deal of valuable work appearing in a range of venues including factory canteens as well as theatres, and in this way made its own contribution to the war effort. The change in its performance activities, during and immediately after the war, resulted in a new audience. The small but knowledgeable audience of the Ballet Club was replaced by a more general audience whose tastes were less adventurous than those of the Company’s earlier supporters. They began to expect longer ballets in addition to the traditional mixed bills of new works. Ballet Rambert performed several classics, including the well-known Giselle and Coppelia and the first major British productions of La Sylphide and Don Quixote.
The company’s extensive touring meant there was less time to create new works, but this began to change in 1958 when Norman Morrice, one of Marie Rambert’s novice choreographers, created Two Brothers for the company. This work heralded a tentative return to the innovative policies which had previously been the hallmark of Ballet Rambert. Two Brothers was performed in modern dress and dealt with a contemporary theme while still using a traditional ballet vocabulary.
Norman Morrice, encouraged by Marie Rambert, travelled to America in 1962 on a Ford Foundation Grant in order to see the new developments in dance and to study with some of the major choreographers of the time, including Martha Graham. At this time it had become apparent that Ballet Rambert could no longer afford the expense of touring large-scale classical productions and that, if it was to survive, a change of direction was needed. Following his visit to America, Morrice encouraged Marie Rambert to return to the Company’s original ethos and the Company transformed from a medium-scale classical touring company to a smaller ensemble, aiming to create new works and preserve the best of their previous works.
Contemporary dance company
Marie Rambert flanked by her successors, John Chesworth (left) and Norman Morrice.
In 1966 Morrice was appointed Associate Artistic Director of the new Company He brought in several American choreographers to make works on the Company, including Glen Tetley, who mounted Pierrot Lunaire (created for his own company in 1961) and Ricercare (originally created for American Ballet Theatre in 1966) on the ‘new’ Ballet Rambert. Regular choreographic workshops were also held for the dancers, and Christopher Bruce began to emerge from the Company as a talented choreographer.
During the first few years of Ballet Rambert’s new incarnation, the company also retained several pieces from its earlier repertoire. Among these were four of Antony Tudor’s works, including Dark Elegies (1937); and also Nijinsky’s L’Apres-midi d’une faune, revived for Ballet Rambert in 1931.
In 1974 Morrice was succeeded as Artistic Director by John Chesworth, who had performed with the company since 1951 and served as Assistant to the Directors from 1966 to 1974. During Chesworth’s years as Director, assisted by Bruce in the role of Associate Director, the Company produced several major works, including two full evening pieces: Cruel Garden (1977, Bruce in collaboration with Lindsay Kemp) and Tetley’s The Tempest (1979). He also continued Morrice’s policy of inviting overseas choreographers to mount works on the Company. In 1979 Bruce left the Company to embark on a career as a freelance choreographer, although he still maintained a position with Ballet Rambert as Associate Choreographer.
In 1981 Robert North was appointed as new Artistic Director, a post he held until 1986. During North’s directorship, the choreographic focus centred on North himself, Bruce and Richard Alston, although occasional invitations were made to overseas choreographers to mount works for the company. Amongst these were Paul Taylor’s Airs (1982), Merce Cunningham’s Fielding Sixes (1983) and Dan Wagoner’s An Occasion for Some Revolutionary Gestures (1985). North developed a repertoire that proved popular with audiences both at home and abroad, contributing several popular pieces himself.
North was replaced by Richard Alston, and under his direction became known for its use of Cunningham technique and a repertoire of mainly abstract works, in line with Alston’s own belief that dance should be created for its own sake and not to support narrative or spectacle. He too invited choreographers from abroad to make works for the Company, including a number of influential American ‘postmodern’ choreographers such as Trisha Brown, Lucinda Childs and Cunningham himself, whose Touchbase (1992) was created specifically for Rambert. In 1987, the company was renamed “Rambert Dance Company” to more accurately reflect the style and nature of its current form. This was shortened to simply “Rambert” in 2013.
Alston left Rambert at the end of 1992. His successor was named as Christopher Bruce, who took up the position in April 1994. Bruce invited internationally recognised choreographers such as Merce Cunningham, Twyla Tharp and Siobhan Davies to produce works for the Company as well as providing opportunities for young choreographers like Jeremy James and Wayne McGregor to create new works for Rambert. Some of Bruce’s own creations, including Ghost Dances, Swansong and Rooster have proved to be among the company’s most enduringly popular creations.
Christopher Bruce was succeeded in 2002 by Mark Baldwin, like his predecessor a former dancer with the company who had subsequently developed a career as a choreographer, and in 2015 received an OBE in the 2015 Queen’s Birthday Honours.
Mark Baldwin (centre) with Rambert Dance Company, 2007
True to the founding vision of the company, an emphasis of Baldwin’s leadership was to commission works that encourage collaboration with other artforms, especially music and design. He commissioned works by choreographers including Karole Armitage, Rafael Bonachela, Kim Brandstrup, Aletta Collins, Javier De Frutos, André Gingras, Shobana Jeyasingh and Ashley Page.
During his tenure Rambert won two Olivier Awards and the TMA Theatre Award for Achievement in Dance. The company also successfully raised £19.6million to create a purpose-built home on London’s South Bank, which opened in 2013.
Rambert today has the most far-reaching touring programme of any British contemporary dance company, presenting new, large scale works of the highest standards to audiences throughout the UK, complemented by equally extensive education, outreach and participation work.
Dame Marie Rambert
Marie Rambert was born in Warsaw in 1888. Although she…
Read more about "Dame Marie Rambert"
Rambert School of Ballet and Contemporary Dance
From their 1920s origin as one a single organisation, Marie…
Read more about "Rambert School of Ballet and Contemporary Dance"
Support Rambert
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London 2012 - USA Recap For Day 4
It will not become a habit to do a daily London Olympics recap but today was an exciting day for the USA. Today presented some great moments and it was the women who had me jumping up and down. Yes there was one monumental moment from a male athlete but it was the women who shined today. Below are my happy moments of day 4.
Michael Phelps Sets Record For Most Medals by an Olympian
Today's top Olympic moment has to be Michael Phelps solidifying himself as the greatest Olympic athlete ever by winning the gold medal in the team 4X200 meter relay. Phelps had squandered a gold medal an hour earlier (Won silver medal) but managed to capture gold and his 19th Olympic medal a little later on.
Michael Phelps hasn't won as many gold as his fans would have like and while we've become accustomed to seeing Phelps win gold medals, his accomplishments are second to none. Phelps has won 15 gold medals in his career. That's tops for any Olympic athlete. The grueling training it takes to win that many medals is incredible and he's done it in multiple swimming events.
There are few sports moments in our lives that we can be in awe over an athlete's talent and skill. Phelps is that athlete. He got off to a slow start training for this Olympics, trailing his competitors by about 9 months. That makes his accomplishments so far, even more amazing.
While some in the media like to focus on his defeats, I like to focus on his accomplishments. Every great athlete finally succumbs to the new generation. Michael Phelps is still making his competitors work for every stroke in the pool.
USA Women's Gymnastic Team Destroys the Field for Team Gold
I'm not a huge gymnastics fan but I do love great performances by our US athletes, especially when they destroy rival Russian teams.
Today, the USA Women's Gymnastics team destroyed the field to win the team gold. The event seemed over before it even started. Seeing the Russian ladies pout as the inevitable sunk in was beautiful. What a great moment for the team.
The women's team hadn't won the team gold at the Olympics since 1996. This team might be the best one ever!
USA Women's Soccer Team Defeats DPR (North Korea) 1-0
What a match for the women's team. The only thing that could have been better would have been if the women had connected on all their chances and crushed DPR 7 or 10-0.
DPR stands for the Democratic People's Republic of Korea. That's an oxymoron if I've ever seen one. Democratic? That's like calling Stalin a Capitalist. I guess they want their people to believe that North Korea is the pillar of freedom and democracy. Yeah right.
I do feel like the DPR team played dirty at times. They were no match for the Americans and had to resort to bad tackles to try and slow team USA down.
Team USA didn't let anything phase them and eliminated the democratic people's team from competition.
Team USA Mega Upset Over Argentina in Women's Field Hockey
Team USA had never beaten the Argentina in the Olympics in Women's Field Hockey. On day 4 in London that all changed as the Americans upset #2 ranked Argentina 1-0. This is another sport that I don't watch that much but it was exciting to see.
As the match progressed and time was running out, you could see the frustration on the Argentina's faces. It was another beautiful and exciting moment for me. It was nice to see Team USA wash that cockiness off their faces and to put them in their places.
There's no doubt that Argentina will still compete for the gold medal and this is only a minor setback for them. That doesn't change how losing to a supposedly inferior American squad had to sting and sting it did.
All in all, this was an exciting day for me and the results mentioned above put a smile on my face.
Posted by Sportmentary at 6:42 PM
Labels: 2012 Olympics, Field Hockey, London 2012, London Olympics, Michael Phelps, Olympic Swimming, Soccer, USA Soccer, USA Women's Gymnastics, Women's Soccer
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Business ASEAN bloc enters testing phase
ASEAN bloc enters testing phase
Thursday, August 01, 2013 15:00 Email Print
Reluctance, ignorance of SMEs a major challenge facing formation of ASEAN Economic Community
A man buys a sandwich from a vendor along railway tracks in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. The 10 countries that comprise ASEAN are of different economic sizes and have different political systems, posing a great challenge to the grouping's plan of the ASEAN Economic Community. / PHOTO COURTESY OF BLOOMBERG
The easy part is done, and the difficult part will take some doing over the next two and half years to realize the goal of an ASEAN Economic Community (AEC), ASEAN Secretary General Le Luong Minh told the Thoi bao Kinh te Sai Gon (The Saigon Times) recently.
Since the plan to establish AEC, which will unify ASEAN's 10-member economies into a single market and production base, was adopted in November 2007, most of the preparatory work have been completed, according to Minh. The remaining part, however, is "very big" and "very difficult," Minh said
Member states will have to make "much more effort" and show "much higher commitment" to complete it, Minh said.
Last month, the CIMB ASEAN Research Institute (CARI), which works to promote the region's economic integration, released a study pointing out challenges that ASEAN faces at this juncture.
It said although the member states have eliminated tariffs on most tariff lines, there is still a significant list of exceptions.
ASEAN negotiators have put a lot of effort into discussing the list of goods that are exempt from the tax exemption policy, and this has shown that the member states still want to protect some of their industries, the Malaysia-based institute said.
Moreover, while SMEs account for 98 percent of ASEAN businesses, many of them are yet to be fully aware of opportunities that the single market can bring them.
They still want to be protected from foreign competition, as the AEC's establishment will encourage regional businesses to enter each other's markets, said CARI.
It said governments have undertaken the integration project without much consideration for businesses' opinions.
Governments, therefore, need to issue suitable policies to encourage businesses to take part in the process, said CARI.
Philippine President Benigno Aquino was quoted by the AFP as saying that they have finished "the easy parts," and they are now in "the hardest phase."
He attributed the difficult situation to protectionist measures taken by each economy on sensitive sectors.
According to the ASEAN Secretariat, the works that have been completed in preparation for the AEC's establishment include the ASEAN Single Window initiative that allows import and export documents among member states to be processed faster. It has been piloted in most member countries.
Since January 2010, six countries Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand have reduced tariffs to as much as zero percent, on 99.65 percent of traded tariff lines imported from ASEAN countries.
For the rest, including Vietnam, the tax reduction is effective for 98.86 percent of tariff lines.
Subash Bose Pillai, director of the ASEAN Secretariat's Market Integration Directorate, said while every agreement or decree needs to be ratified by all the 10 members, each has a different mechanism of operation, thus it takes time for an agreements to be approved by all.
Another "bottle-neck" of the process is delays in implementing regional initiatives due to differences between them and each country's domestic laws, he said.
The 10 countries that comprise ASEAN are of different economic sizes and have different political systems, posing another integration challenge.
For instance, Indonesia's GDP was about US$878 billion last year, while Laos' was $9.2 billion, according to the World Bank.
Despite these differences, leaders still want to integrate the economies that are home to around 600 million consumers and generate a total GDP of over $1.85 trillion.
The target of establishing the AEC, which will allow free flow of goods, services, investment, capital and skilled laborers among the member states, was set following the success of the ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA) that has been adopted since 1992.
According to official figures, AFTA has increased trade value among regional countries from $430 billion in 1993 to more than $2.3 trillion in 2011.
At the 10th ASEAN Leadership Forum organized in Kula Lumpur on July 18, many participants expressed their optimism about the target being achieved as planned.
Mustapa Mohamed, International Trade and Industry Minister of Malaysia, said at the event that regional governments are all committed to ensuring that the core economic integration initiatives are implemented.
"We recognize that we must deliver on our promises," Mustapa was quoted as saying by The Star, a Malaysian newspaper.
On the sidelines of the meeting, Prof. Hidetoshi Nishimura, director of the Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia, said that "Without a successful roll-out of the AEC in 2015, stakeholders all over the world will find it hard to trust the real power and potential of ASEAN."
Opportunities, threats
Businesses have responded cautiously to the upcoming integration process.
Dang Chi Hung, sales director of Vietnamese cookware manufacturer Kim Hang, said the field of cookware production will see "harsh competition."
He said local businesses are now competing with Chinese imports which are cheaper, but not as good as Vietnamese products.
In a single market, local businesses will have to compete with big producers from neighboring countries who can sell good quality products at competitive prices.
Although Kim Hang has established an extensive distribution network in Vietnam over more than 10 years, the company still has to prepare for tough times ahead, he said.
Over the past year the company has studied regional markets and will soon export the first batch of goods to Malaysia, which is almost similar to Vietnam's market with "not too high demands," said Hung.
Le Phuoc Vu, chairman of the Hoa Sen Group, which produces iron roofs, sees the AEC's establishment as an opportunity that will definitely profit member nations.
But, he also said that "if we do not know how to catch it, that opportunity will become a threat."
Vu said his group was preparing for the integration with several measures. He said they are increasing investment to double it output in the next one-two years, opening factories in Indonesia and Thailand, extending retail channels in the domestic market, and promoting their brand in foreign countries.
Many Thai businesses have already taken action to take advantage of the upcoming market integration.
SCG, a producer of cylinder valves, regulators and brass fittings, is recruiting students in Indonesia, the Philippines, and Vietnam for training and working in Thailand.
Kiti Madiloggovit, HR director of the group, said the recruitment is part of their plan to expand in ASEAN countries in the future.
Also in preparation for the AEC's establishment, the Berli Jucker Public Co (BJC) last year opened two factories in Vietnam, said chairman Aswin Techajareonvikul.
One factory producing glass bottles has been set up in collaboration with Saigon Beer Alcohol and Beverage Corporation, and another one, to can alcohol and other beverages, with the US-owned Ball Corporation to.
Techajareonvikul said the two factories will not only help the company increase its share in Vietnam, which is a potential market, but also extend its market to other countries.
BJC has recently extended its activities in Vietnam to the trading sector by bringing Thai products into the country through Thai Corp International Vietnam. It has also taken over the stores of Japanese-owned convenience store chain FamilyMart.
Charoen Pokphand (CP), Thailand's leading agriculture produce manufacturer, has announced that it will increase investment in Vietnam next year with 10 factories.
CP general director Jittisart J. Sakulchai, said the expansion will enable the company to access raw material sources and customers more effectively across Vietnam, as well as reduce transportation costs.
Japanese fashion retailer Miniso comes to Vietnam
The chain plans 12 stores this year and 200 by 2021
Uber must pay tax for drivers in Vietnam: finance ministry
German companies eye young solar energy market in Vietnam
Emerging markets in longest slump since june as volatility jumps
Vinamilk seeks to buy second U.S. dairy company in growth push
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About The Capricorn Singers
The Capricorn Singers 2015
_The choir is a female voice choir and made up of three separate voice parts: First Soprano (higher voices), Second Soprano (Mezzo Soprano - mid voice) and Alto (lower voices).
Believe it or not, not all members are music readers nor have been professionally trained, however they are part of the choir due to the fact they can sing, hold a tune and show enthusiasm and dedication to learn music and perform concerts throughout the year.
The choir was formed and started by Ray Buckley in January 1984 with only a handful of singers.
Musical Director - Chrissie Mason
2015 saw a change to The Capricorn Singers with the appointment of Chrissie Mason as their new Musical Director. Chrissie has been a member of The Capricorn Singers since the start of 2011 and very soon after became a choir officer by adopting the role of Web and IT Administrator and subsequently Second Soprano Section Leader.
Chrissie is very musical having previously played a number of instruments including the trumpet and the clarinet. However, she's now settled on improving her piano playing and has been known to accompany the choir on her trusty decant or treble recorders.
Chrissie is fast gaining an excellent reputation as a choral director, arranger and conductor and since taking on the Musical Director role of The Capricorn Singers she has also been asked to conduct at performances and rehearsals for Blackpool Male Voice Choir, Carleton Community Chorus and St Annes Community Choir.
Under Chrissie's leadership the choir is more in demand than ever and attracting many accolades. In 2017 they achieved first place in the Ladies Choir class of the Skipton Music Festival. In 2015, 2016 and 2017, the choir were also successful in achieving runner-up in the Senior Choirs category of the Fleetwood Music and Arts Festival.
Accompanist - Ian Whalley
Ian is originally from Darwen. He studied Latin and French at Cambridge, and did teacher training in Aberystwyth. Disillusioned after six years teaching in the UK, he taught Latin for three years at Kamuzu Academy in Malawi. During this time he obtained a diploma for piano performance. After another year in England when he worked as a security officer and played Father Christmas for a month in a toy shop, he went out to Kenya. He taught Latin and French for nine years in two preparatory schools in Nairobi, and also taught piano at the Kenya Conservatoire.
In 2000 Ian rather reluctantly returned to England. Since then, he has taught piano and played for several local choirs and for ballet exams.
The choir is managed by a committee made up from members and nominated at the AGM. The committee roles and officers are:
Chairperson - Norma Woodward
Secretary - Sandra Baird
Treasurer - Nichola Halliwell
Events & Bookings Co-ordinator - Janet Heald
Publicity Co-ordinator - Liz Sperling
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You are here: Home / Archives for non-aggression
Obama’s NSA speech proves government can’t prevent terrorism in a free society
January 19, 2014 by Tom Mullen 1 Comment
TAMPA, January 18, 2014 – President Obama outlined his proposed reforms of the NSA’s domestic surveillance activities in a speech on Friday. The speech was at times eloquent and the president’s intentions appear genuine, but his recommendations for reform are inadequate. As long as the government is trying to prevent crime or terrorism in the future, it’s going to trample liberty in the present.
The president stated the crux of the problem during his speech:
“So we demanded [after 9/11] that our intelligence community improve its capabilities and that law enforcement change practices to focus more on preventing attacks before they happen than prosecuting terrorists after an attack.”
Freedom requires that the government not attempt to prevent anything. All powers granted to the government relate to crimes committed in the past.
The Bill of Rights rests upon this assumption. Rooted in what is now called the “libertarian” principle of non-aggression, the Fifth Amendment prohibits the government from using force against an individual until it has proven beyond a reasonable doubt that the individual has committed a crime in the past.
The Fourth Amendment goes even farther, prohibiting the government from even searching an individual or his papers (e.g., phone records, e-mails, etc.) without probable cause that the individual has committed a crime in the past.
The entire Bill of Rights supposes that you are beyond the reach of government until you have actually committed a crime. That logically excludes the possibility of the government preventing anything, because the government must employ force against the innocent to do so.
Read the rest of the article at Communities Digital News…
Filed Under: Bill of Rights, Constitution, Criminal Law, Featured, Natural Law, Non-Aggression Principle Tagged With: bill of rights, fourth amendment, non-aggression, nsa, obama
More anti-libertarian nonsense: Libertarians are heartless
March 28, 2013 by Tom Mullen 2 Comments
TAMPA, March 28, 2013 – This week’s anti-libertarian nonsense is “libertarians are heartless.”
There are many variations on this theme. Libertarians oppose government-run education so they must not want poor people to get an education. They oppose government-run healthcare so they must want poor, sick people to die. They oppose government-subsidized housing so they must want poor people to be homeless, too (if they aren’t already). Libertarians are selfish, amoral…You get it.
Libertarians also oppose state religions, but no one claims libertarians are against religion. I wonder why? It seems to follow.
The people who make these claims don’t understand what libertarianism is and don’t really understand the nature of government or their relationship to it, either.
Libertarians do not object to you helping the poor. They merely object to you forcing someone else to help the poor.
Libertarianism answers only one question: When is violence or threatening violence justified? The libertarian answer is only in self-defense. That includes defending your life from an immediate attack upon it or defending yourself against a previous theft of property or other crime.
This is where libertarians face reality and their opponents don’t. Libertarians understand all government action is violent action. That’s not because people in the government aren’t doing it right. It’s because that is what government is designed to be. Violence is its raison d’etre.
The philosophical justification for government in a free society is security. Because humans will sometimes invade the life, liberty or property of their neighbors (whether next door or in another country), there has to be some adequate means to force the perpetrator to cease his criminal activity and make restitution to his victim.
Government is supposedly the answer. Government is the pooled capacity for violence of everyone in the community. That’s all it is. That’s why Thomas Paine based his entire treatise Common Sense on one fundamental assumption:
“Society in every state is a blessing but government even in its best state is but a necessary evil; in its worst state an intolerable one;”
Why an evil? Because it is an institution of violence, nothing more. This is a foundational American idea. It is the reason for the entire Bill of Rights. Government must not be allowed to suppress speech because offensive speech does not justify violence. Government may not prohibit the keeping and bearing of arms because merely possessing arms does not justify violence against the possessor.
When intolerable? When it is used to initiate force, rather than respond to it. If one individual steals from another, the victim has a natural right to point a gun at the thief and demand his property back. In society, the individual supposedly delegates this power and the government points the gun at the thief for him. Almost no one would consider this unjust.
But what if no crime has been committed? Suppose I knocked on your door and demanded money from you at gunpoint. Would you drop the charges against me if you found out I had taken your money and paid some anonymous stranger’s medical bills? Do you believe that is the best way for human beings to solve the problem that the stranger can’t afford to pay them?
Almost no one would answer either of those questions “yes.” Yet, there is absolutely no substantive difference between that scenario and a government-run healthcare program (or education, or housing…). The only superficial difference is a government official is holding the gun. But most Americans can’t see it and will actually argue with you that it isn’t there.
There is an easy way to find out. Simply refuse to cooperate. Deduct the amount you owe for Medicare from your tax return next month and include a note waiving any benefits from the program. Or deduct the amount of your property taxes that underwrite public education and Medicaid (which is most of the bill) and indicate you waive the right to utilize either.
What will happen next? You will get some “reminders” about the oversight in the mail, followed by increasingly threatening letters. Sooner or later, someone in a black robe will write on a piece of paper. Then, men with guns will show up at your door. Don’t believe me? Test my theory.
So what do libertarians really say that is supposedly selfish or amoral? That initiating force against people is wrong. Period. You are free to help other people who need it, but you cannot force your neighbors to do so under a threat of violence if they don’t. You may build schools and hospitals for the poor and ask for contributions for anyone you wish. You just can’t pull out a gun if they decline to participate.
At one time, Americans believed so strongly in this principle that they seceded from their country and formed a new one based upon it. Imagine if they reestablished it again.
Libertarianism anyone?
Filed Under: American History, Constitution, Education, Featured, Healthcare, History, Libertarianism, Natural Law, Non-Aggression Principle, Political Philosophy, Property Rights Tagged With: amoral, education, healthcare, heartless, libertarian, natural law, non-aggression, welfare
Every law is a threat of violence
December 29, 2012 by Tom Mullen Leave a Comment
TAMPA, December 29, 2012 – The new U.S. Congress will convene on January 3rd with two high profile issues to consider. There is zero chance that they will get either one of them right. The debates on both are already framed into a lose-lose proposition for the American people, as are virtually all “debates” on Capitol Hill.
One issue is “How should the right to keep and bear arms be further infringed?” The other is “How much less of their own money should Americans be allowed to keep?”
With a more enlightened populace, there is always some chance that pressure on the legislators could produce a more positive result. However, the gullible American public has already taken the bait that “something must be done” on both issues. “Something” means Congress passing a law, which means the perceived problem will be solved with violence.
Every law is a threat of violence. Americans used to understand that. In their present condition, they are aware of little beyond football on Sunday and Dancing with the Stars during the week. Fat, progressive and stupid is no way to go through life, son.
Government itself is an institution of violence. That’s not an opinion. That’s what it is. That’s all it is. Governments are constituted for the express purpose of pooling the capacity for violence of every member of the community.
Every law promulgates human behavior that is mandated under the threat of violence. It either prohibits certain activity or requires certain activity. Failure to behave as the law proscribes results in violence against the transgressor. He is kidnapped at best, killed resisting at worst.
Putting aside the question of whether this power should ever be invested in a regional monopoly, every society must first answer the question of whether this power should be exercised by anyone at all. Is violence ever justified?
In a free society, there is only one circumstance under which it is. Violence is only justified as a reaction to aggression committed in the past. Murder, assault, and theft are all examples. These justify the use of force against the perpetrator. Consider this statement.
“You are prohibited from committing murder against your fellow citizen. If you do, we will kidnap you at best, kill you while resisting at worst.”
Sounds perfectly reasonable, doesn’t it? Substitute “theft” for “murder” and that doesn’t change. The use of force is morally justifiable as a reaction to aggression. This proceeds logically from each individual’s right to defend himself. Self-preservation is the first law of nature.
Now, consider this statement.
“If you do not pay the medical bills of perfect strangers whom you have never met and never contracted any financial liability to, we will kidnap you at best, kill you while resisting at worst.”
That doesn’t quite work, does it? In fact, once the veneer of legitimacy is removed, it is apparent to any lucid person that the lawmaker in this case is committing one of the chief crimes he was given his power to prohibit. It is no less armed robbery if you substitute the words “education,” “housing,” or “food” for “medical.”
Since it is an absurdity that inaction can amount to aggression, no just law can mandate human behavior. Only laws prohibiting certain behavior are justifiable, that behavior being limited to aggression against others.
That’s why Thomas Jefferson said, “No man has a natural right to commit aggression on the equal rights of another, and this is all from which the law ought to restrain him.”
That even this minimal government activity requires finances is the reason that Thomas Paine called government “a necessary evil.” Many libertarians believe he was only half right.
The Bill of Rights was an attempt to limit, interfere with and retard the government’s ability to do the only thing it is capable of doing: commit violence. Those amendments do not grant any rights. They prohibit government violence, regardless of the wishes of the majority. “Congress shall make no law…”
That’s also the purpose of all of the supposed “checks and balances” in the Constitution itself. The framers attempted to construct a government that was incapable of doing anything unless violence was truly justified.
The Constitution and Bill of Rights were written to protect us from democracy.
These ideas have completely vanished from the modern American ethos. Instead of viewing government as a last resort, to be utilized only against an aggressor who refuses to interact peacefully with his neighbors, it is viewed as the first solution to every societal problem, most of which were caused by government in the first place.
That most insipid of all clichés, “There oughta be a law” is properly translated as “We ought to solve this problem with violence.”
That is American society today. A century of “progressivism” has reduced the average American to an unthinking, violent brute. He is both tyrant and slave at the same time. He can conceive of no other happiness than the satisfaction of his appetites and infantile amusement from base entertainment. He reacts to any interruption of this passive existence by calling on the government to commit violence on his behalf.
In the name of freedom, he not only acquiesces to but demands his chains.
Tom Mullen is the author of A Return to Common Sense: Reawakening Liberty in the Inhabitants of America.
Filed Under: Constitution, Featured, Founding Fathers, History, Libertarianism, Liberty, Natural Law, Non-Aggression Principle, Political Philosophy, Progressivism, Property Rights, Right to Bear Arms, Thomas Jefferson Tagged With: 2nd amendment, assault weapons, bill of rights, constitution, feinstein, fiscal cliff, gun control, law, non-aggression, property rights
Do Americans still believe that government is evil?
October 28, 2012 by Tom Mullen 2 Comments
TAMPA, October 28, 2012 – Nine days before Election Day, Americans are hunkering down into their traditional Republican/Democratic camps. Supposedly, the future of American society rests upon which corporate-backed candidate wins the presidency. Americans of the past would have regarded this as complete nonsense.
In late 1775, the shot heard ‘round the world had been fired and the American colonists had Boston under siege. Still, most Americans either favored reconciliation with Great Britain or were undecided.
Then, in January 1776, Thomas Paine released his instant bestseller, Common Sense. It is this pamphlet that is credited with persuading a critical mass of American colonists to support American independence from Great Britain. In it, Paine laid out his arguments about the role of government and why the British constitution failed in fulfilling this role for American colonists.
The very first plank he laid down in his argument was that government was evil.
“Society in every state is a blessing, but Government, even in its best state, is but a necessary evil;”
Paine, Jefferson and other founding fathers recognized government for what it is: the pooled and organized capacity for violence of the whole society. This idea comes straight out of John Locke’s Second Treatise on Civil Government. There is no law, no matter how minor, that is not ultimately backed up by the threat of violence.
This is no less true today than it was in 1776. Despite “social contract” theories and other linguistic gymnastics that attempt to euphemize the nature of government, it remains merely organized violence. This is apparent to most people when the government wages war, but somehow it escapes them otherwise.
Yet, even when the government runs a healthcare program, you pay for it or they will come to physically force you to pay. If you resist, you will be killed. It is no different for education, housing, or the ultimate canard, “job creation.” Even a parking ticket is backed by the threat of violence. Yes, you will get many “reminders” if don’t pay before any real action is taken, but eventually the government will come and physically force you to obey.
That is the inescapable nature of government. That’s why Paine and the founding fathers believed it was evil.
Then why constitute a government at all? The founders believed that although government was evil, it was also necessary. Although society, meaning people voluntarily associating and trading their various products with one another, is always a blessing; some of the people will commit violence against the life or property of others, at least some of the time.
So, as Paine wrote, man “finds it necessary to surrender up a part of his property to furnish means for the protection of the rest.” The government’s job is to defend peaceful citizens against violence committed by others. It is society’s bouncer.
While the term hadn’t been coined yet, the founding fathers were libertarians.
The bouncers aren’t the source of fun in a nightclub any more than government is the source of general happiness in a society. Neither do the bouncer’s run the nightclub. They are employed by the owners, and not for their creativity, ingenuity or compassion. They are employed for their ability to use brute force and are told to stay out of the way unless they are needed. Bouncers are a necessary evil in a nightclub for the same reason that government is a necessary evil in society, if necessary at all.
Yet, judging from the rhetoric of both parties’ politicians and the poll results, social media posts and other expressions of opinion by most of their supporters, most Americans don’t seem to see government this way anymore. One can only conclude that most Americans believe that government is good in and of itself, and that it just happens to be populated with corrupt or incompetent people at the moment.
Not only do most Americans seem to view government as a good, but they seem to want government to solve just about every societal problem, all of which were caused by government in the first place. The bouncers have been running the nightclub for a long time and Americans don’t seem to be able to figure out why it isn’t any fun anymore.
The most disturbing aspect of this belief in the goodness of government is the conversation surrounding the presidential election. Most Americans not only believe that the government can solve problems, rather than just employ force, but that the election ofone man can actually save or destroy the republic. If that’s true, then any difference between America and the most barbarous empires in history is gone.
It is generally believed that the United States transformed itself from a relatively poor, agrarian society to the wealthiest nation in history because of the individual freedom available to its citizens. That freedom resulted from Americans recognizing that government is evil. It resulted from a libertarian theory of government.
America is at a crossroads, but Mitt Romney and Barack Obama don’t represent the fork in the road. They are both the same road. Whether you are looking for “Hope and Change” or “Smaller, Simpler and Smarter Government,” neither Romney nor Obama will provide it.
The first step in changing course is to rediscover America’s founding, libertarian idea that government is evil. If you think the presidential election can make a difference, why not take Gary Johnson up on his proposition? Be libertarian with him for one election. What do you have to lose?
Filed Under: American History, Conservativsm, Featured, Founding Fathers, Gary Johnson, History, Liberalism, Libertarianism, Liberty, Mitt Romney, Natural Law, Non-Aggression Principle, Obama, Political Philosophy, Politics Tagged With: common sense, gary johnson, necessary evil, non-aggression, obama, paine, role of government, romney
For Gary Johnson it’s all about the “Libertarian” message
April 22, 2012 by Tom Mullen 4 Comments
TAMPA, April 22, 2012 – Self-made millionaire and former two-term governor of New Mexico Gary Johnson initially sought the Republican Party’s nomination for president.
After being largely excluded from the early debates, Johnson left the Republican Party and now seeks the Libertarian Party’s nomination.
“It’s always been about the message,” Mr. Johnson says. “I’m a messenger. I think for the most part I’m delivering the same message as Ron Paul. I think that the message is identifying the solutions to the problems that this country faces and genuinely recognizing the solutions. Having been excluded from the Republican debates, that really was a self-fulfilling prophecy.”
So what are the solutions that Johnson proposes?
Continue at Communities@Washington Times…
Filed Under: Economics, Featured, Foreign Policy, Gary Johnson, Libertarianism, Natural Law, Non-Aggression Principle, Political Philosophy, Politics, Ron Paul Tagged With: gary johnson, libertarian, non-aggression, role of government, ron paul, third policy
Gary Johnson is not a libertarian
TAMPA, April 12, 2012 — While the media continue to ignore compelling evidence that the Republican primary race is much closer than they are reporting, some Ron Paul supporters are nevertheless thinking about what they might do if Paul does not get the Republican nomination.
Throughout this election cycle, Gary Johnson’s name has been omnipresent as a libertarian alternative. There’s only one problem. Gary Johnson is not a libertarian.
This just seems to be occurring to some of the faithful after his disastrous interview with the Daily Caller. In it, Johnson proposes to cut the military budget by 43 percent. However, when pressed on one hypothetical military intervention after another, Johnson refuses to rule any out. He’d consider military intervention for humanitarian reasons. He believes the United States should maintain a military presence in the Middle East. He would continue drone attacks in Pakistan. By the end of the interview, libertarians were likely waiting for Johnson to rip off a mask Scooby Doo villain-style, revealing he was really Dick Cheney in disguise.
From the moment he announced his run for president as a Republican, Gary Johnson has stated that he believes all government policies should be formulated using a “cost-benefit analysis” (about the 2:20 mark). What are we spending our money on and what are we getting in return? (Libertarians would likely question him on just who “we” is and how it became “our money,” but I digress.) While that might be a lot better than what Washington is doing now – all cost and no discernible benefit – it’s not how libertarians make policy decisions.
There is no evidence Gary Johnson is even aware of the philosophical basis of libertarianism. If he is aware of it, he’s obviously decided to reject it. That’s certainly his prerogative, but he shouldn’t be seeking the Libertarian Party’s nomination.
The Libertarian Party has never garnered more than about 1% of the vote in a presidential election. Its chief benefit has always been that it nominated candidates libertarians could actually believe in, even if they weren’t going to win. This was true as late as 2004, when the party nominated Michael Badnarik. However, it badly damaged itself by nominating Bob Barr in 2008. If it nominates Gary Johnson for president in 2012, it will completely lose all relevance, even among libertarians.
Ron Paul is not a perfect libertarian, but he does understand libertarian philosophy and he does form his positions based upon the non-aggression principle, as he confirmed in my own interview with him last year (about the 7:30 mark). That’s why he told Matt Lauer (about the 5:00 mark) that economic liberty, personal liberty and his non-interventionist foreign policy are all one package. Libertarians believe initiating force is wrong, whether it is military force against another nation or a government bureau forcibly transferring money from one person or group to another.
{Note to reader: A portion of this article is missing here. This originally appeared in Washington Times Communities, but due to contractual issues all posts written during this period have been taken down from the Washington Times website. I retrieved this from a blogger who reprinted most of this article, but there appears to have been a portion here that he did not reprint. If anyone can locate the article in its entirety, I would be grateful to have a copy.}
If the Libertarian Party wants to be practical in spreading the libertarian message, it should endorse Ron Paul as its candidate in 2012. He is more libertarian than any politician in U.S. history and has more visibility than any candidate the party could field. If it insists upon putting forth its own candidate, it should nominate a true libertarian. It has several choices.
Filed Under: Featured, Foreign Policy, Gary Johnson, Iran, Libertarianism, Natural Law, Non-Aggression Principle, Political Philosophy, Politics Tagged With: gary johnson, libertarian, libertarian party, libertarianism, non-aggression, non-aggression principle, ron paul
God is a non-interventionist
As technology has advanced and the world has “grown smaller,” it has become increasingly evident that little miracles don’t really happen. By “little miracles,” I mean people levitating, disappearing, parting seas, or making the sun stop in the sky. If they did occur, we’d be watching them on You Tube. But they don’t. That’s a good thing, because it leaves us less distracted from the real miracles: that we are here, that we live in a universe governed by natural laws that explain the world around us and that we have been blessed with reason to discover those laws.
In addition to the natural, physical laws that cause the planets to rotate around their stars and the plants to photosynthesize sunlight, there are also natural, moral laws. Like the physical laws, we are able to discover these by reason. First, we gather facts that we can observe directly with our senses. We then use reason to draw conclusions from those facts.
One observation we have made is that all human beings are created equal. No, they aren’t all the same color, height, shape, or sex. They don’t all run as fast or play the piano as well. There is a wonderful diversity to human life in that no two human beings are exactly alike. Yet, there is nothing so different about any one human being that gives him any innate right to exercise authority over another. In that respect, we are all truly equal.
From that observation, we can draw the conclusion that comprises the most basic, fundamental moral law of nature. As John Locke put it,
““The state of nature has a law of nature to govern it, which obliges every one: and reason, which is that law, teaches all mankind, who will but consult it, that being all equal and independent, no one ought to harm another in his life, health, liberty, or possessions…”
Reason also leads us to the conclusions that life is good, that whatever promotes life is good, and that whomever or whatever created life, the world around us and the natural laws that govern it must also be good. Some people explain the miracle from a purely scientific point of view. We are here simply because certain materials interacted with others and started a chain reaction. Where those materials came from they do not know. Others insist that it is the work of not only a sentient being, but a loving God.
However, the latter group has always faced a philosophical dilemma. How could a loving God allow terrible things to happen to innocent people? How could he allow atrocities committed by humans, such as those by Stalin, Hitler, or Pol Pot? How could he allow natural disasters like earthquakes and tsunamis to kill thousands of innocent people, when he has the power to prevent them?
The only answer most of us are ever given is “It’s a mystery.” Indeed it is, but that isn’t very satisfying. We’ve been endowed by this creator with a natural curiosity about the nature of our existence. This compels us to ask “Why?” While no one can give a definitive answer, I’d like to suggest one that fits the facts. God is a non-interventionist.
What does that mean? It means that God does not override his own natural laws in order to prevent some of their consequences. Imagine if he did? At any given time, a good percentage of the nearly 7 billion people who inhabit this planet are asking him to violate the most fundamental natural law of cause and effect. Were he to grant even a small percentage of those requests, we would live in a chaotic world that would be impossible to understand or predict. One could not even know for sure that the next step would take one forward instead of backward. No human progress would be possible.
Similarly, God does not override the decisions of men, even if it would save lives or prevent suffering. That was the whole point of the Genesis story, wasn’t it? While Adam and Eve were in the garden, they did not know the difference between good and evil. There was no suffering, but no real joy either. God did not want robots that did his will merely because he programmed them to do it. He wanted sentient beings that would choose to do his will. In order to choose to do his will, they had to have the ability to choose not to. That has never changed.
So, God has the power to prevent suffering, but chooses not to because to override man’s free will or the immutable laws of nature would be worse. He has already provided everything necessary for human beings to live in peace, happiness and prosperity. We need only use our reason to discover the natural laws, to continue to understand them better, and to follow them.
The United States is right now the most powerful nation on earth. Whether that will be true in fifty years, we do not know. However, today its government has the power to intervene in the affairs of almost any other nation. Often, there is the temptation to use this awesome power to intervene between a dictator and his people or between an aggressor nation and an ally. When have the consequences of intervention ever been better than those of non-intervention would have been? Never.
Yet, we continue to intervene in a most ungodly way, with those who claim to be most devoted to God exhorting us most vociferously. When will we ever learn?
Filed Under: Constitution, Declaration of War, Featured, Foreign Policy, Libertarianism, Natural Law, Non-Aggression Principle, Political Philosophy, War Powers Tagged With: foreign policy, iran, israel, middle east, natural law, non-aggression, non-interventionism, ron paul
Non-Aggression Is Not Pacifism (Libertarians Hit Back)
March 7, 2012 by Tom Mullen 3 Comments
Heading into “Super Tuesday,” many conservatives lament that they do not like any of the remaining Republican candidates for president. Romney is too moderate, Gingrich too much a “Washington insider,” and Santorum both an insider and a guaranteed loser against Obama thanks to his willingness to bare his soul about some of his more outlandish socially conservative views.
That leaves Ron Paul, who would seem to be the ideal conservative candidate. Paul’s Plan to Restore America actually cuts $1 trillion from the federal budget in his first year as president, including eliminating the Department of Education that Ronald Reagan promised to abolish.
Paul is the only candidate that actually disagrees with President Obama in principle on “spreading the wealth around.” Paul doesn’t just nibble a few pennies away from financially insignificant welfare programs. He actually has a funded plan to let young people opt out of Medicare and Social Security. This is really a plan to responsibly end these programs. Government-mandated programs only survive because people are forced to participate. If conservatives really do oppose socialism, they should agree with Paul on this. Where do they think Social Security got its name?
For a large group of conservatives, they are with Paul right up until he explains his foreign policy. Suddenly, not only does the courtship end, they stop taking calls and change their phone numbers. That’s unfortunate because most conservatives make this decision upon a completely distorted view of Paul’s foreign policy.
Read the rest at The Daily Caller…
[1] Jefferson, Thomas Letter to Francis Walker Gilmer June 7, 1816 from The Works of Thomas Jefferson edited by Paul Leicester Ford G.P. Putnam’s Sons New York and London The Knickerbocker Press 1905 pg. 533-34
Filed Under: American History, Conservativsm, Constitution, Declaration of War, Featured, Foreign Policy, Founding Fathers, History, Iran, Libertarianism, Natural Law, Non-Aggression Principle, Political Philosophy, Politics, Ron Paul, Socialism, War Powers Tagged With: barbary pirates, foreign policy, iran, israel, libertarian, libertarianism, non-aggression, pasha of tripoli, ron paul, thomas jefferson, war on terror
Earth to Rick Santorum: Libertarians Founded the United States
January 8, 2012 by Tom Mullen 18 Comments
Andrew Napolitano recently showed a clip in which Rick Santorum explained his views on libertarianism. His comments are also instructive in understanding his animosity (politically) towards Ron Paul. Santorum said:
“One of the criticisms I make is to what I refer to as more of a Libertarianish right. They have this idea that people should be left alone, be able to do whatever they want to do, government should keep our taxes down and keep our regulations low, that we shouldn’t get involved in the bedroom, we shouldn’t get involved in cultural issues. That is not how traditional conservatives view the world. There is no such society that I am aware of, where we’ve had radical individualism and that it succeeds as a culture.”
As David Boaz pointed out in the interview with Napolitano, Santorum seems to oppose a basic American principle- the right to the pursuit of happiness. I agree with him on this, but there is something even more fundamental here than that. It has to do with the conservative philosophy itself. One of the statements that Santorum makes is true. “That is not how traditional conservatives view the world.”
There is a great disconnect between average Americans who refer to themselves as “conservatives” and the small group of politicians and politically-connected businessman who call themselves likewise. The members of the former group believe in the founding principles of the United States, including the inalienable rights to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. They believe that these rights are endowed by their Creator. In other words, they preexist the government. They are not created by the government. It is the government’s one and only job to protect those rights and when the government fails to protect them and instead violates them, it is the duty of the people to alter or abolish the government.
These inalienable rights are also referred to as “natural rights,” meaning that man possesses them even in the state of nature (the state without government). For Jefferson, whose philosophy was inspired by Locke, the reason that men formed governments was to protect these rights better than they could be protected otherwise.
Locke viewed man as capable of both good and evil. For Locke, man’s natural state was a state of reason, which meant that he respected the rights of other men and observed the natural law of non-aggression. “The state of nature has a law of nature to govern it, which obliges every one: and reason, which is that law, teaches all mankind, who will but consult it, that being all equal and independent, no one ought to harm another in his life, health, liberty, or possessions.”
For Locke and his philosophical heir Jefferson, this natural law of non-aggression was the basis of government power. By prohibiting aggression by one person or group against another, the government would preserve the natural rights to life, liberty, and property. Importantly, repelling aggression was also the limit of government power, for when the government exercised power for any other reason it was committing aggression itself and invading the rights it was meant to protect.
That this was Jefferson’s guiding political principle is clear from his many statements to that effect. In his first inaugural, he argued for,
“…a wise and frugal Government, which shall restrain men from injuring one another, shall leave them otherwise free to regulate their own pursuits of industry and improvement, and shall not take from the mouth of labor the bread it has earned. This is the sum of good government, and this is necessary to close the circle of our felicities.”
In a letter to Francis Walker Gilmer in 1816, he wrote, “Our legislators are not sufficiently apprised of the rightful limits of their powers; that their true office is to declare and enforce only our natural rights and duties, and to take none of them from us. No man has a natural right to commit aggression on the equal rights of another; and this is all from which the laws ought to restrain him.”
Even on religious freedom, Jefferson based his position on the non-aggression principle. ““The legitimate powers of government extend to such acts only as are injurious to others. But it does me no injury for my neighbor to say there are twenty gods, or no god. It neither picks my pocket nor breaks my leg.”
The non-aggression principle defines liberty itself as Jefferson understood it. For him, as well as for the likeminded libertarians that led the secession from Great Britain, the word “liberty” as used in the Declaration of Independence had a specific definition. It meant the right to do what one pleases as long as one does not invade the life, liberty, or property of another human being. In other words, each individual was beyond the reach of government power so long as he committed no aggression against anyone else.
These are not conservative ideas. They are libertarian ideas. While Jefferson, Samuel Adams, and the others who espoused this theory may not have called themselves by that name, the basic tenets of their philosophy were the same. Today, the non-aggression axiom remains the fundamental basis for libertarian theory. Ron Paul bases his positions on it, as he said (about the 3:30 mark) when running for president on the Libertarian Party ticket in 1988.
Just as this non-aggression principle serves as the foundation and limit of government power between individuals within society, it is the foundation and limit of government power with respect to other nations. As all nations exist in a state of nature with each other, the natural law of non-aggression is the only one that governs them. As I’ve stated before, the non-aggression principle is the basis for the Declaration of War Power. The purpose of that power is for Congress to debate whether or not the nation in question has actually committed aggression against the United States. If it has, then a state of war exists and military action is justified. If it hasn’t, there is no state of war, no declaration, and no military action is justified. The use of military force in the absence of a state of war (previous aggression by another nation) violates the natural law.
The conservative philosophy rejects all of these ideas. There were conservatives in the 18th century just as there are today and their philosophy hasn’t fundamentally changed, either. The writer that most modern conservatives trace their philosophical ideas to was Edmund Burke. He has this to say about inalienable rights.
“Government is not made in virtue of natural rights, which may and do exist in total independence of it, and exist in much greater clearness and in a much greater degree of abstract perfection; but their abstract perfection is their practical defect. By having a right to everything they want everything. Government is a contrivance of human wisdom to provide for human wants. Men have a right that these wants should be provided for by this wisdom. Among these wants is to be reckoned the want, out of civil society, of a sufficient restraint upon their passions. Society requires not only that the passions of individuals should be subjected, but that even in the mass and body, as well as in the individuals, the inclinations of men should frequently be thwarted, their will controlled, and their passions brought into subjection. This can only be done by a power out of themselves, and not, in the exercise of its function, subject to that will and to those passions which it is its office to bridle and subdue. In this sense the restraints on men, as well as their liberties, are to be reckoned among their rights. But as the liberties and the restrictions vary with times and circumstances and admit to infinite modifications, they cannot be settled upon any abstract rule; and nothing is so foolish as to discuss them upon that principle.”
While modern conservatives like Russell Kirk have pointed to Burke as their philosophical inspiration, one can clearly see that Burke is here merely restating ideas from the true father of modern conservatism, Thomas Hobbes. Hobbes asserted that in the state of nature man had “a right to everything,” even a right to one another’s bodies. Hobbes asserted, as Burke implies here, that man’s passions would always overcome his reason and because of this the state of nature was a state of war of “everyone against everyone.” For Hobbes, as for true conservatives today, man has to give up his natural rights upon entering society and accept those privileges to liberty and property that the government grants him.
For Hobbes, not only did man give up his natural rights upon entering society, but he also had to grant the “sovereign” absolute and undivided power. This was necessary in order to completely dominate man’s natural impulses, which would always lead him to harm his neighbor if they were not checked. This power must literally keep each individual “in awe,” to make him fearful of committing any unlawful act. To secure this absolute power, the sovereign needed control over the economy, which he consolidated through a privileged, wealthy elite. He also needed control over education and even the religious beliefs of the people. No individual could ever be allowed to follow the dictates of his own will, as it would inevitably lead him to harm his neighbor or the commonwealth in general.
On foreign policy, Hobbes also viewed all nations as existing in a state of nature. However, since he viewed the state of nature as equivalent to the state of war, he viewed all nations not under control of the sovereign as de facto enemies. In reading Leviathan, one can almost hear George W. Bush’s famous remark, “You are either with us or with the terrorists.” This is why conservatives support the deployment of troops all over the world. Like Hobbes, they believe that we are in constant danger from any nation that we are not completely dominating with the threat of force.
The reason that conservatism seeks to “conserve” the status quo is because its adherents do not believe that natural rights are inalienable. Upon entering society, man has to give up all of his natural rights, so the only rights that man has in society are those he has been given by government in the past. Thus, if you get rid of the past, you get rid of the rights. While the status quo might not be optimal, the conservative believes that to get rid of the status quo means returning to the awful state of nature, and necessitates reconstructing man’s rights – via government – all over again. Conservatives are always fearful that rights can be lost and never regained – as opposed to libertarians who believe that rights are inalienable.
The conservative tradition in America does not trace back to Thomas Jefferson or the Declaration of Independence. Its tenets are completely incompatible with the basic libertarian philosophy that informed Jefferson and that document. The conservative tradition in America traces back to Alexander Hamilton and the Federalists, who were the conservatives of their day. Hamilton sought to preserve the status quo, which was a central government with absolute power, along with its mercantilist economic system. The only change he sought was that the system be run by Americans rather than the British.
Hamilton was a Hobbesian on every issue, which is why he clashed so stridently with Jefferson. Hamilton also believed that the power of the federal government had to be absolute. Otherwise, the separate states would be in the state of nature with each other and inevitably at war. He often spoke of the “want of power in Congress” leading to the states “being at each other’s throats.” Economically, he wanted a central bank, high protectionist tariffs to enrich domestic manufacturer’s at taxpayer expense, and “internal improvements,” which meant the government using taxpayer money to build what we would today call “infrastructure.” While all of these policies were anti-free market, they served the agenda of securing the loyalty of a wealthy elite to the government. Hamilton went so far as to call the national debt “a national blessing” for the same reason. On foreign policy, Hamilton was an unqualified militarist who sought to lead an army in conquering an American empire, starting with the Western Hemisphere possessions of Spain.
He felt justified in all of these invasions of individual rights and violations of non-aggresion because he believed that what he called “national greatness” (today conservatives call it “American Exceptionalism”) trumped the rights of individuals. For Hamilton, as for conservatives throughout human history, the individual lived to serve the commonwealth, as opposed to the libertarian belief that the commonwealth only existed to serve the individual.
This conservative tradition can be traced throughout American history from the Federalists to the Whigs to the Republican Pary. The Republican Party was born as the party of big government, centralized power, and a mercantilist economy. Ironically, all that history remembers of the Republican Party at its birth in the 1850’s is its opposition to slavery – its one libertarian position – while ignoring its Hobbesian conservatism on all other matters. However, with slavery abolished, the Republican Party retained the rest of its philosophy through the next century and right up to the present day. One can hear it rehashed in any 2012 Republican presidential primary debate.
Today, conservative American voters wonder why the Republican politicians that they elect never seem to make the government smaller or less intrusive. They refer to elected Republicans who consistently grow the size and power of the government as “RINOS” (Republicans In Name Only). They believe these politicians are not “true conservatives,” because while they may belong to the Republican Party, they do not adhere to the principles of an underlying conservative philosophy that they imagine to exist. They are wrong. Newt Gingrich, Rick Santorum, George Bush, and the rest of the establishment Republicans are the true conservatives. The American voters identifying themselves as conservatives are really libertarians – they just don’t know it yet.
Go to any Tea Party rally. This is where you will supposedly find “radical conservatives,” but you won’t find them carrying any signs quoting Alexander Hamilton. You won’t find speakers extolling the virtues of government spending on infrastructure. Instead, you see signs quoting Thomas Jefferson and speakers mocking the many “bridges to nowhere” that have resulted from attempting to put Hamilton’s conservative ideas into practice.
The one inconsistency is the Tea Party’s support of the U.S. government’s military empire. This false note in the otherwise libertarian movement is the result of cultural confusion. These conservatives don’t yet realize that they aren’t really conservatives. They are libertarians, and the warfare state is inconsistent with the rest of their philosophy. They support it because they have been told all of their lives that it is the conservative position, which it is. However, limited government, inalienable rights, free markets, and individual liberty are not.
Contrary to Rick Santorum’s assertion that no society based upon radical individualism has ever succeeded, the libertarian, radically individualist principles upon which the United States was founded were precisely why it succeeded so spectacularly. It was libertarianism that made America different from any society before or since – what made it the “shining city on the hill” as Santorum calls it. It was the collectivist conservative philosophy that helped bring it down – with a lot of help from a third philosophical movement called Progressivism. Neither more conservatism nor more progressivism – nor any combination of the two – can solve the problems that America faces today. If Americans want to see liberty and prosperity restored in the United States, then restoring libertarianism is their only hope.
Filed Under: American History, Conservativsm, Constitution, Corporations, Declaration of Independence, Declaration of War, Economics, Featured, Foreign Policy, Founding Fathers, Government Spending, History, Libertarianism, Liberty, Natural Law, Non-Aggression Principle, Political Philosophy, Politics, Progressivism, Property Rights, Regulation, Ron Paul, War Powers Tagged With: Burke, conservatism, conservative, foreign policy, Hobbes, inalienable, libertarian, libertarianism, locke, natural law, natural rights, non-aggression, rights, ron paul, santorum
What If Barack Obama Had Not Been Elected?
December 4, 2011 by Tom Mullen 16 Comments
Most conservatives abhor Barack Obama’s presidency. They believe that Obama is leading the United States to its ruin and that nothing is more important than defeating him in the next election. They believe that our very way of life is threated if they do not succeed. I don’t happen to share their opinion that there is a substantive difference between the Bush and Obama administrations, or that anything today would be different if John McCain had been elected.
However, let’s say for the sake of argument that conservatives are correct. The Obama administration is bent on altering American society in fundamental and irreversible ways. Nothing is more important than removing him from office.
Still, conservatives do not look to violently overthrow the present administration. They recognize that, whether the choice was a wise or a foolish one, a majority of those Americans who cared enough to vote chose Barack Obama as their president. So, no matter how relentlessly the Republican Party attacks Obama through its vast network of think tanks, talking heads, and media outlets, no matter how nasty or allegedly unfair conservative talk radio may be, when all is said and done, conservative efforts to remove Obama from office are peaceful.
But what if Obama had not been elected?
What if John McCain had won the election, but was then removed from office in a coup d’état fomented by covert agents of a foreign government? What if that government then installed Barack Obama as president, overriding the wishes of the American electorate? What if that foreign government propped up the Obama administration for decades and American citizens were unable to depose him peacefully through the electoral process?
What if Americans decided to rebel against this tyranny and overthrow Obama in a revolution? What if the foreign government called the American rebels insurgents or terrorists for removing the tyrant, when it was obvious to the whole world that the Americans had been justified in deposing Obama as a usurper backed by foreign interests?
What if, after the revolution, Americans elected a leader that they felt represented their values but that people in other countries did not like? What if the foreign government that had previously overthrown John McCain joined with other countries and imposed sanctions upon Americans, using military force to prevent voluntary trade between the United States and other countries? What if that foreign government sent billions of dollars to Mexico, allowing her to arm herself with nuclear weapons, but forbade the United States to similarly arm herself in her own defense?
What if that same foreign government armed and supported Canada in waging a decade-long war against the United States? What if that government then turned on Canada and invaded her, setting up military bases on her soil, with tens of thousands of troops capable of striking at the United States at any moment?
What if Americans resented the sanctions and threats of violence directed at them and responded with threatening statements of their own? What if Americans were vilified as terrorists for opposing these aggressive actions with manly firmness? What if the United States had not invaded another country in over 200 years, but was still characterized as a threat to the whole world by a government that routinely invaded other nations, had already overthrown the U.S. government once in the past, had armed America’s neighbors with weapons of mass destruction, and regularly issued official government statements calling for “regime change” in the United States?
What if there were credible rumors that a preemptive nuclear strike by Mexico was imminent? What if the foreign government pledged its full support for Mexico and warned Americans not to attempt to arm themselves adequately to prevent this unprovoked attack? What if it was apparent to all Americans that they had no chance to fight their enemies in a conventional war and win?
What would Americans be prepared to do then?
For more thought-provoking “What Ifs?” see here, here, and here.
Filed Under: Conservativsm, Constitution, Declaration of War, Featured, Foreign Policy, History, Iran, Libertarianism, Natural Law, Non-Aggression Principle, Political Philosophy, War Powers Tagged With: 1953 coup, iran, iran nuclear program, non-aggression, non-interventionism, preemptive strike, preemptive war, puppet dictator, ron paul, sanctions, shah of iran, u.s. foreign policy
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Why was the Eiffel tower built ? and who built the Eiffel tower ?
Why was the Eiffel tower built ?
The Eiffel Tower was built for mark the 100th anniversary of the bourgeois revolution in France in 1789 sensation world of international fair held. The Eiffel Tower named by famous designer by Gustave Eiffel, and under the tower Eiffel plastic for a bust bronze statue.
In 1889 coincided with the 100th anniversary of the French revolution, the French government decided to celebrate, and held a world on an unprecedented scale in Paris exposition, to show industrial technology and cultural achievements, and built a monument in symbolic of the French revolution and Paris. Organising committee had hoped to build a classic, statues, stone, the botanical garden and the memorial temple group, but in more than 700 apply for solution, selected the bridge engineer Eiffel (G · Eiffel, 1832-1923) of design: a symbol in Paris machine civilization, can see any corner towers.
The Eiffel Tower is one of the symbols of Paris, and the French named it the”Iron Lady”. The Eiffel Tower and the Empire State Building in New York, Tokyo tower is known as the west with three famous construction.
The 100th anniversary of the French revolution in 1889, Paris held large international fair. Exposition on the Eiffel Tower is the most striking exhibits. It became a symbol of sweeping the world of the industrial revolution.
Who built the Eiffel tower ?
Gustave Eiffel, the designer of the Eiffel Tower, he is famous for its overbridge experts early in life, and the Eiffel Tower named by his name. The Eiffel Tower in his own words: “Have overwhelmed me as if I just built her life”. At the beginning, although the French government decided to build the world’s highest large Eiffel Tower in Paris, but money is only 1/5 of the cost. Eiffel of his design had the construction engineering company and all his property mortgaged to the bank as the engineering investment.
On January 28, 1887, formally began the Eiffel Tower, 250 workers work 8 hours a day in winter, the summer working 13 hours a day, at last, on March 31, 1889, the steel structure of the tower. There are more than 18000, the metal parts of the Eiffel Tower weighs 7000 tons, drilling 7 million when construction, use rivets, 2.5 million. Because each part of the tower are strictly number beforehand, so a little mistake not assembly. It complete in accordance with the design of construction and the way without any changes in visual design of rational. According to statistics, only the tower design sketch has more than 5300, including 1700 full figure.
After the completion of the Eiffel Tower is 300 meters high, until 1930, it has always been the world’s tallest building. Nowadays, add the radio and television antenna on the tower, it always has amounted to 320 meters high. Someone says “Standing on the tower, the whole Paris under their feet”. Every day, attracts thousands of tourists from all over the world. By 1988, the “iron lady” has been welcome tourists from the five continents 123 million person-time.
The Magnificence Of Eiffel Tower Will Make Your Travel To Paris A Memorable Journey
The Louvre Museum One Of The Top Tourist Attractions In Paris, France
Top France tourist attractions you can’t miss
Cruise the Seine river in Paris, France
Information about Paris, the capital of France
France Tourism : Some Best Places To Visit And What To See In France
Knowing The French girls Better As You Travel To France, They Are Wonderful Partners Both In Life And On Bed.
Get Around The World Flights When You Plan To Some Top Travel Destinations In The World
Know about where is the Aegean sea before you cruise Greek islands
Know about Cairo and Cairo museum before your travel
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India Readies CSL’s IPO
The Indian government is planning to issue 33.9 million shares of state-run shipbuilder Cochin Shipyard Ltd (CSL).
One third of the shares to be issued in the public offering are owned by the government. The net proceeds are expected to be used to finance construction of LNG carriers tendered by India’s gas utility Gail India (GAIL.)
However, the government first plans to carry out capital restructuring so as to enhance the authorized capital to Rs 250 crore, enabling the government to inject Rs 120 crore, Indian daily Business Standard reports.
CSL would be issuing around 22.6 mn new shares, of Rs 10 each, to double the government’s amount, the daily said.
GAIL plans to build one third of its planned nine LNG carriers intended for transportation of LNG from USA to India domestically.
Cochin expressed interest in building the said vessels in August last year. However, Cochin shipyard, like the majority of local shipbuilders, lack the necessary know-how and experience in building these sophisticated ships, and will probably have to outsource for the purpose.
Potential bidder could also be L&T Shipbuilding Ltd, a unit of Larsen and Toubro Ltd, (L&T Ltd) which is said to be in talks with South Korea’s Hyundai Heavy Industries to team up on the project, writes Indian financial daily LiveMint.
“L&T has signed a non-disclosure agreement with Hyundai Heavy Industries for a potential collaboration on constructing the LNG carriers,” the daily writes citing a shipping ministry official.
Cochin Shipyard is also expected to launch talks on cooperation with two South Korean yards shortly.
However, the tender has had several bumps on the road so far.
The company had to postpone for the third time the closing date for the tender as international bidders were turned away by the prerequisite to share their technology with local builders.
In order for GAIL to be able to start its import activities in 2017, the tender, which is already lagging behind, should be finalized and awarded by May.
Tags: asia, Cochin Shipyard, India, IPO, News by topic, Shipbuilding, SHIPPING
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Taiwan Men's Lacrosse has come a long way and passed the spirits on
The boys are training for better tips and techniques of face-off.
By virtue of Taiwan Lacrosse Association’s (TWLA) efforts in promoting lacrosse in the past few years, such a mindfully demanding sport is no longer foreign to the youngsters in Taiwan. In particular for those who relish hustling on the field, not only has the sport given them stimulus, but also persistent challenges to themselves. In March 2014, the first Men’s Lacrosse Team was formed in Kung-Tung Technical Senior High School. The novices who first tried lacrosse back then have matured with better skills and characters. Above all, the boys learned to pass on their experiences.
The Chairwoman of the Association, Sarah Lin, remarked that TWLA would make Taipei, Taichung and Taitung the three bases of development now, and keep growing the sport by talking over with schools and institutes. She expressed TWLA’s expectation of the teenage boys to cultivate perseverance through the distinctive nature of lacrosse, and to equip themselves with excellent physicality and qualities to earn better education prospects.
Not long after the formation of the team, TWLA was keen to participate in overseas competitions that could expose players to hands-on experiences, foster camaraderie within the team, and allow the teenagers to learn about themselves. They represented Taiwan making appearances in the Greater China Cup and Hong Kong Open in 2016, and notably the 2016 FIL U19 Men's World Lacrosse Championships in which Taiwan ended up in the 14th place. In spite of their debut in international competitions, the team had impressed and touched the coaches, opponents and the officials with their unyielding willpower especially in the game against Mexico with overtime played.
The juniors and seniors are competitors and teammates at the same time, as well as the ‘’best buddies’’ on and off the field.
After the participation in the aforementioned tournaments, players have looked forward to more experiences abroad and showcased greater confidence in their performances, giving rise to our idea of an Annual Selection. Beginning from this year, selections of the Men’s Team Taiwan and the U19 Men’s Team Taiwan will be held annually in January in order to facilitate the planning and training for the ensuing international tournaments. The sufficiency of time allows players to bond better thus enhancing their sense of belonging and, moreover, allows coaches to explore potential and sustainable players.
Apart from personal skills, the selections also lay emphasis on attitudes, personalities and their willingness to make redeeming contribution to Taiwan Lacrosse. The seniors of the Men’s Team Taiwan will lead the juniors in the U19 Men’s Team Taiwan to move forward. TWLA holds the same principle in cultivating players’ personalities regardless of ages. Meanwhile, the association looks for good attitudes and stability in the Men’s Team Taiwan, and stresses the skills players possess.
Senior Development Officer, Tim Kwan, explained the quintessence of the Taiwan Blue Magpies, saying, “The Taiwan Blue Magpies is a token of the Association. They harbor a conventional idea of family. We hope our players assume responsibility to the team and the community by pushing themselves, sharing their experiences with and supporting and motivating the younger generation.” Players are usually scattered in different regions practicing on their own, and that is why they seize the precious chances of training all together as a team.
The four maxims embroidered on this year’s jerseys – “succession”, “perseverance”, “smiles” and “breakthrough”, are the Association’s expectation and recognition of the players. We hope they take pleasure in sharing both experiences and glory. For the time being, TWLA will continue to compile multifaceted programs, encompassing nutrition, protection and psychology. We look forward to bringing about more comprehensive and promising supports to our players, just as the Taiwan Blue Magpies care for their families.
Taiwan Lacrosse Association February 20, 2017
Chairwoman Sarah Lin named recipient of FIL Development Award
Taiwan Lacrosse Association July 24, 2017
Our girls don't give in - Taiwan’s first Women’s Team has sprouted in Taitung
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Is the end of the world imminent?
*** A review of the things that could kill us all, as we approach 2012 and beyond... ***
We must accept the fact that a great cataclysm is imminent, and it will be end of human life. In the hours, days, months or years before that, there is a high probability of lesser events which will severely disrupt modern civilization.
The Earth is overdue for a number of common natural disasters, which by chance have not yet occurred during the brief period spanning human existence. We will experience a major cataclysm, and it will probably be soon. It�s simply a question of waiting to find out when.
Modern civilisation is fragile and unsustainable; we lack the knowledge and skills to survive without daily support by technology and civilised society, and we will almost universally not survive the approaching cataclysm. (In contrast, Neolithic civilization (e.g. native North American) is sustainable, with individuals and small groups being self-sufficient, and it would have been resilient to mass-extinction events.)
The events which will lead to our demise are well understood, and for convenience we may divide these into six main categories.
* Comet or asteroid impact
A significant impact or shower of impacts, capable of eliminating most life on the surface of the planet, causing the extinction of numerous species, is inevitable. The Earth is regularly struck by comets and meteorites. We may have prior warning of years, hours, or none at all.
A single major impact could easily cause multiple secondary impacts over an entire hemisphere, generate super-Tsunami waves hundreds of feet high travelling at the speed of sound, sweeping clear large areas of the planet. Long-term effects include global climate changes more than sufficient to stimulate the next ice age.
E.g. On 13 January 2004 scientists were �minutes� away from formally announcing to the government that the Earth was going to be hit �within 36 hours� by asteroid 2004 AS1. At the time, the estimated diameter of the object was only 30 metres; large enough to vaporise a major city. Later observations confirmed that it was an extremely dense rock 500 metre wide, capable of causing destruction on a continental scale.
E.g. The asteroid Apophis follows a path which could lead it to collide with our planet on 13 April 2036. The best opportunity to intercept it and prevent a future collision will be in 2029 during a near-miss.
* Supervolcano eruption
There are eight known supervolcanos in the world, two of which are in Europe and one in North America. There are probably many more which have not yet been discovered, both on land and beneath the ocean. A supervolcano is always cataclysmic event. A single supervolcano eruption causes serious problems on a global scale.
E.g. The Yellowstone Park caldera on the North American continent is overdue for an eruption, following an eruption cycle based on three known previous (prehistoric) eruptions. When it erupts, it will be the end of modern civilisation in the USA, drastically and permanently changing the geopolitical balance of the world.
* Supernova
Various cosmic phenomena are capable of destroying most or all life on Earth, and the most obvious example is a supernova. (I will not discuss solar flares, but these could fall within the general category of common cosmic events.) Supernovae each release a burst of the most powerful energies in the universe (ten times more energy than our sun releases over its entire lifetime). Long after the initial explosion, there is a pair of directional beams of extremely high energy radiation pointing opposite directions. The Gamma Rays alone are capable of sterilising the surface of the Earth, instantly eliminating all life on land and in the sea. Less severe exposure will expose all life to dangerous radiation, and change the world�s climate significantly for a long period. The fossil record shows that this has happened before, e.g. causing the extinction of trilobites. Ironically in less severe cases, the mutations caused by Gamma Rays, X-Rays and other forms of radiation from a supernova may accelerate the rate of evolution, increasing the chances of new species emerging that can survive under the new conditions.
E.g. The star WR104 is about to die, is within range (8,000 light years) and appears to be pointing right at us! It could already have exploded, but of course we won�t see it until the light and radiation reaches us 8,000 years later. It could hit us tomorrow, or the next day, and there will be no warning.
* Tectonic movement
The earth may be due for a crustal displacement event, in which the thin crust slips more or less as a whole over the magma upon which it floats. Lesser tectonic shifts, more severe than anything during recorded history, are also entirely possible, such as magnitude 11 earthquakes, causing widespread devastation and giving rise to great Tsunamis.
Tectonic movement could be aggravated by some of the other events under consideration, and indeed could also cause one of them. Most of the events under consideration are potentially interrelated.
E.g. The San Andreas fault in California, USA, is due for its next major slip.
* War
Individual nations, such as the USA, Russia, and China, each possess enough nuclear weapons to incinerate all life on the surface of the planet, plunging the climate into a nuclear winter and potentially causing a man-made ice age.
* Intervention by extraterrestrial civilisation
This may not be as far-fetched as it sounds, in fact it may have happened before. In ancient texts and religious scriptures throughout the world, reports of god(s) and/or angels who came down from the sky are entirely consistent with extraterrestrial contact. In fact, an extraterrestrial intervention hypothesis would be more likely and more scientific than the widely accepted religious explanations for these events!
E.g. The primary Islamic text, the Qur�an, states that it takes 50,000 of our years to travel up to heaven from Earth, and in the same verse also that the journey is made in a single day. If you travel upwards at any significant speed for 50,000 years, there is no question that this would place you in outer space.
"The Insider" mailing list article, 10 April 2010.
Tags: apocalypse, end times, comet, asteroid, supervolcano, caldera, crustal displacement, extraterrestrial, invasion, war, nuclear, world war, prophecies, 2012, prophecy, doomsday, predictions, science, evidence, facts, , conspiracy theories.
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UKPOL
Political Speech Archive – Over 5,500 speeches on British Politics
David Lidington – 2013 Speech on Scottish Independence
Below is the text of the speech made by David Lidington, the Minister for Europe, at Edinburgh on 28th June 2013.
Thank you for that kind introduction. It is great to be back in Edinburgh.
I have spent the day so far meeting members of the Scottish Parliament, and representatives of Edinburgh’s business and academic communities. And always, the discussion has been on what independence would mean for people and businesses in Scotland.
With less than 450 days to go until the referendum, it is right that the focus should shift from rhetoric to reality, and that people throughout Scotland should take a good hard look at what the options mean for them. Scotland is faced with a choice between staying within the UK, or leaving and going it alone.
As Minister for Europe, I from time to time meet people who remember the referendum campaigns of the 1970s, both on Scotland and on the European Union. And people ask why we have these issues have been opened up once more. But my own view is that there is no point in ignoring questions of such magnitude where they remain unresolved. People here in Scotland will make their decision on 18 September next year.
This is democracy in action, and I believe that it is right that people should have the opportunity to decide their own future. But I don’t agree that if the vote here for independence, then “everything will be much the same on Day One… only better”. This, to me, is a casual and complacent assertion that underestimates the size of the task involved and the associated costs.
So rather than making sweeping statements and counter-claims, I have six straightforward questions. And I would ask you to consider whether you think you have heard credible answers to these questions so far in this debate. The first is what happens with EU membership if Scotland becomes independent? There is no precedent for the break-up of an existing member of the European Union, so no one knows for certain. But Jose Manuel Barroso, the President of the European Commission, who is surely an authoritative voice on this issue, has said that an independent Scotland would be regarded as a new country seeking accession to the European Union for the first time.
Independent legal opinion sought and published by the UK Government says that the remaining nations of the United Kingdom would be seen as the continuing state, retaining the UK’s international rights and privileges and its EU membership. In the face of that evidence, the Scottish Government has now admitted that membership would not be automatic and that negotiation would be required. The task facing an independent Scottish Government would then be to win over 28 member states, each of which would have a veto. This includes those countries that are anxious about the unity of their own nations, cautious about setting precedents and with little motivation to make the journey smooth for Scotland.
The second question is what would happen to the pound? Under the terms of the EU treaties, all new EU member states are expected to make the legal and political commitment to adopt the Single Currency. The United Kingdom and Denmark have the right to keep its own currency, but Mr. Barroso said in November that no new member states would be allowed to opt out. The Scottish Government knows that the pound is popular, but recent experience has shown that being in a currency union without other kinds of integration is less than straightforward. There is no guarantee that the UK and Scotland would be able to come to an agreement on a currency union. The Chancellor of the Exchequer has said he thinks it’s unlikely that it could be made to work. And even if it could be agreed, it would require a newly independent Scottish state to accept significant limits on its economic sovereignty and to submit its budgetary plans to Westminster for approval.
The third question relates to Schengen, the agreement that abolished passport and immigration controls for almost all the EU member states. Would an independent Scotland join? As defined in the Treaties, all countries seeking accession to the EU are expected to join the Schengen area. There is no automatic right to opt-out, and no legal grounds to suggest that membership is anything other than obligatory. If an independent Scotland were to join Schengen, then control of its borders would be out-sourced to Europe’s periphery. The one border that Scotland would have to secure would be that with England, drawing a line between Scottish businesses and their main trading partners.
The option that is favoured by the Scottish Government – to remain in a Common Travel Area with the UK and Ireland – is not on offer to new member states. It would be a significant new opt-out demand that would expend considerable negotiating capital with no certainty of success and which would, again, require the unanimous agreement of each Member State.
The fourth question is what would happen to the payments being made to the EU budget if Scotland became independent? Now the Scottish Government itself has said that an independent Scotland would be a net contributor to the European Union. But suggestions that Scotland would retain its share of the UK’s rebate appear to stand on very shaky ground. At the EU budget negotiations in February, the UK was able to defend its rebate but this was a hard-fought fight against the entrenched interests of other member states.Legal opinion received by the UK Government is clear that an independent Scotland would not get a share of the UK rebate. Scotland would have to negotiate such arrangements from scratch and it would be very difficult to secure any similar deal.
So if a new independent Scottish state were let into the EU, the default expectation must be that Scottish taxpayers would see their payments to the EU rise significantly.
The fifth question is who will stand up for Scotland’s interests in Europe when it comes to negotiations on financial service or energy or fisheries or agriculture? The Scottish Government’s position is that this can only be done by those who care for Scotland alone. Their assumption is that an independent Scotland would negotiate as a small state, with its bargaining power amplified by a flood of goodwill.
Now it’s true that the UK Government now negotiates on behalf of the whole of the United Kingdom. And by doing so, it brings to the table its considerable weight within the EU and experience and its extensive diplomatic network.
We have a track record of using our position as one of Europe’s biggest economies; with the third largest population; membership of the UN Security Council, G7, G8 and G20; and 40 years of forging alliances to fight for all the UK’s interests in Europe. We also have one of the most inclusive arrangements anywhere in the EU when it comes to devolved administrations participating in the making of decisions. Scotland has benefited from the UK’s strong voice in Europe. UK ministers – not least the Prime Minister – have forgone sleep and hotel beds, negotiating hard through the early hours. And they have delivered on issue after issue.
On the EU budget, we secured the first ever cut in the long-term budget, which will benefit taxpayers in every part of the United Kingdom. On financial services, we have secured safeguards for British firms – in Edinburgh as much as London – on the Single Supervisory Mechanism and on the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive. On fisheries, we achieved a deal on discards that the Scottish Fishermen’s Federation welcomed as a “practical plan”. The Offshore Health and Safety Directive, agreed shortly before the 25th anniversary of Piper Alpha, the world’s worst offshore disaster, won praise from Oil & Gas UK. And on Tuesday morning in Luxemburg, I bumped into Environment Secretary Owen Paterson – who was somewhat bleary eyed – a third of the way through gruelling negotiations on reform to the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP).
The mandate that Owen Paterson helped to secure this week is a breakthrough that offers greater clarity and certainty to Scottish farmers, and a reassurance that the Scottish Government and Scottish Parliament will have the freedom to deliver a common agricultural policy here tailored to the needs and circumstances of people in Scotland. And last night – again in the early hours – the Financial Secretary to the Treasury Greg Clark secured a deal on resolving troubled banks that will protect taxpayers around Europe. When it comes to negotiations, in general what we find is that small nations with similar interests to our own look to the UK to take the lead.
And in the heat of a debate in which national interests are at stake, you don’t want to be relying on just goodwill in the corridors of Brussels. It’s a commodity particularly in the small hours of the morning are in very short supply.
My sixth question is about the UK’s security and its wider role in the world. As the Minister with responsibility for NATO, I am taking a close interest in how the defence and security elements of the debate are unfolding. You will have seen the latest reports from independent experts on the defence capability of an independent Scotland. Are you genuinely confident about the answers that the Scottish Government has given on NATO membership? NATO membership is not automatic. It is a matter for the North Atlantic Council to determine, as has been pointed out by NATO itself.
And even though the SNP has reluctantly changed its view on membership, the response from NATO is that an independent Scotland would still need to apply. Outside experts, such as the Scotland Institute, have said that the SNP position assumes automatic entry and imposes conditionality on NATO. And the Scottish Government has to accept that NATO membership is not a done deal. Every NATO member, whether it possesses nuclear weapons or not, needs to sign up to the Strategic Concept which states in terms that NATO will be a nuclear alliance for as long as these weapons exist.
And this is not something that can be fudged or brushed under the carpet.
Those are my questions. I don’t pretend to be dispassionate about the answers. I care a great deal about the choice that people in Scotland will make. I also don’t want to suggest that independence only cuts one way. I am quite clear that if Scotland were to leave the United Kingdom, it would be a loss for all sides.
Both Scotland and the UK would be diminished – in our global standing, in our future economic prospects and by erecting barriers that would cut across the long-standing ties of friendship and family between us.
So I want to use the remainder of this speech to set out the positive case for what we can achieve in Europe if we stay together. First let me knock down the suggestion that the only way Scotland can remain a member of the EU is if it votes for independence. That is just not true. In January, the Prime Minister set out clearly his vision for Europe – a Europe that is more competitive, more flexible, more open and more democratically accountable. His goal is to reform the EU into a body in which the British people will feel comfortable, and then to hold a vote in which we settle the question of Britain’s membership once and for all – a vote in which the Prime Minister made clear, he wants to campaign, heart and soul, to remain in the EU.
The background to the Prime Minister’s speech was five years of undeniably tough times in Europe. The speech has sparked a major debate about Europe’s future, and this is a debate that we are helping to shape. The Eurozone has been in an extended recession. One in four young people is unemployed. Countries across Europe have had to slash spending, and not just in southern Europe. Sweden is looking at cutting pensions and sickness benefits, as is Denmark. Finland is under pressure to raise the pension age.
In that European context, Britain has been holding its own. We have an economy that is starting to recover. We have remained attractive for investors. UN figures released this week showed that we have held onto our position as number one in Europe for foreign direct investment, which rose by 22% last year at a time when investment worldwide fell by 18%. And businesses created 1.3 million private sector jobs across the UK since 2010. Our employment rate is above the EU and Eurozone average, and higher even than the employment rate in the United States.
But we urgently need to tackle competitiveness in Europe because the EU is central to our future prosperity. It is forecast to be our main market for the next ten to fifteen years.Now the Scotch Whisky Association can tell you that the French drink more Scotch in a month than they do cognac in a year. But Europe matters for other Scottish exports too: seafood, agricultural products; wind and wave technology; machinery; equipment; oil and gas; and as a source of students for Scotland’s top universities.
And sometimes hidden amidst the gloom in the world’s biggest marketplace, the EU, are opportunities for Scottish firms. This year’s Global Connections Survey showed that Scottish exports to the EU rose by 14.7% in 2011. Take a firm like Jaggy Nettle from the Borders, which got a grant from the UK Government to go to Milan Fashion Week, and now sells its clothes in luxury boutiques alongside labels like Prada.Europe is also the source of about half the UK’s investment stock. Last year, Spain’s Gamesa chose the port of Leith for a new wind turbine manufacturing plant in an investment worth £125m, and France’s Chanel bought up the Barrie Knitwear cashmere mill in the Scottish borders.
But while Europe remains our biggest market place, we live in a world that is changing rapidly. In China, there are now over 160 cities with populations of more than one million people. They include Edinburgh’s twin city of Xi’an and Glasgow’s twin city of Dalian. There are twice as many people living in these two cities alone as there are in the whole of Scotland. UN figures released this month forecast that the global middle class will number over three billion by the end of the decade, over half of whom will be in Asia.
This is an opportunity for all of us as it’s the global middle class that wants the exports that UK firms produce. Working together, our EU membership is helping us to win better terms for trade across the world in the developed and emerging economies alike. We need to focus on this challenge. We cannot afford to stand still.
And we are winning support from other member states because they can see that the reforms we are seeking benefit all of Europe and not just the United Kingdom alone. To take a single example, at the G8 summit in Lough Erne this month, we helped to launch negotiations on the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership, the world’s biggest ever trade deal. The benefit to the UK from this deal between the EU and the United States would be up to £10 billion a year, the equivalent of £380 per family in the UK.
For Europe, the figure is £100 billion and for the US £80 billion. Success with this trade and investment partnership will bring concrete benefits for businesses in Scotland, for which the US is the largest international export market – the destination for £3.5 billion of goods and services every year.
The Wall Street Journal said the deal was, and I quote, “a major political coup” for the UK, but recognised too the effort that had gone into these talks. It noted: “They didn’t come about by accident: they were the result of months of diplomatic effort by British officials”. I would add by British Ministers too, especially the Prime Minister who has worked hand in hand with Angela Merkel in pushing for the deal with other European countries.
In summary, I would like to ask each and every one of you to weigh up the options very carefully ahead of a referendum. We know that a vote for independence is a vote for uncertainty, with its attendant risks and costs. And we know that no one is forcing the Scottish people to go down this path. I can say in all sincerity that people throughout England, Wales and Northern Ireland want our centuries-old Union to continue. And when it comes down to it, the vote next September will have the greatest impact on Scotland’s young people, the majority of whom want to stay in the UK according to the most recent polls.
Independence would close off an avenue of opportunity for those who are self-confident enough to use the double identity they have as British and Scottish to make their way in the world – as countless Scots have done before them. Some will have ambitions that lie mainly or wholly in Scotland, but there will be others that want to test themselves against a wider field.
…Politicians who could measure their stature against Disraeli, Lloyd George or Keir Hardie, with the ability to inspire and lead 63 million British people. I am reminded here of Gordon Brown, an MP from a Scottish constituency, of others with a Scottish heritage such as Tony Blair and Harold Macmillan, who led the whole of the United Kingdom.
…Diplomats who want to make their careers in a diplomatic network with 267 posts in 154 countries and twelve territories worldwide.
…Soldiers, sailors and aviators who could command the world’s finest military in operational missions around the world.
…Scottish economists who want to tackle global poverty via the G8, the G20 or the world’s top economic bodies.
…Businessmen and women who may well be based in Edinburgh or Inverness, but who are equally at home in London or Cardiff, and who can call on UK Trade & Investment’s export support in more than 100 markets.
…And athletes who – after the Commonwealth Games in Glasgow next year will want to represent Team GB at the Rio 2016 Olympic Games.
By working together, we can provide that support and help the next generation to prosper.
My belief is that the people of Scotland should have the opportunity to have the best of both worlds. We should help each other out as family and friends do.
That is our common purpose within the UK, and that is what should be our joint endeavour over the coming years.
Thank you very much indeed.
CategoriesUncategorized Tags2013, David Lidington, Speeches
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Although there are several hypotheses on how Missoula got its name, it is believed that it originated from the Salish Indian language, meaning “near the cold, chilling waters,” “river of awe,” or “sparkling waters.” Missoula is a city of an estimated 73,340 people and combines small town friendliness and comfort with the entertainment and convenience of a big city.
John Steinbeck in "Travels with Charley" said it best:
"I am in love with Montana. For other states I have admiration, respect, recognition, even some affection but with Montana it is love, and it is difficult to analyze love when you're in it…"
Missoula has four seasons, summer, fall, winter and spring. The average low temperature in winter is 25F/-3C. The average high temperature in summer is 84F/28C.
In general, University students dress informally for classes. In the warmer months you will see students wearing shorts, jean, trousers, t-shirts, blouses, sandals and tennis shoes. As the temperature get colder students begin to wear long-sleeved shirts, sweaters, long pants, jackets, hats, gloves and warm shoes or boots. You can plan to purchase your cold weather clothing in Missoula once the weather begins to get colder.
Check out the weather in Missoula right now!
The storied history of this part of the country is the stuff of legend. Countless generations of peoples have traveled to and lived in Western Montana. Some moved on after brief visits; others never left. All share a common sense of awe and wonder at the natural beauty of the area, but the people and their cultures make this, truly, the last best place. Below are some resources to help you discover Western Montana:
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Recreating in the great outdoors is a way of life in Western Montana. Travel times to blue-ribbon trout streams, world-class ski resorts, and wilderness areas are measured in minutes, not hours. Missoula is also regarded as a major destination for cultural events, concerts, theater, and festivals. The University of Montana attracts performances from world-class entertainers, such as the Rolling Stones, Paul McCartney, Elton John, Brad Paisley, Pearl Jam, Foo Fighters, Daniel Tosh, just to name a few. Check out these resources to find places to play:
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Since first moving into the region more than 10,000 years ago, people have continued to adapt and live in the unique environment of the Rocky Mountains of Montana. Many of their cultural values, such as a sincere respect and appreciation of the environment and hospitality to visitors, have continued to influence those who live here today. Use the following resources to help you understand how you can become a part of our community:
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global.engagement@umontana.edu
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Musicians Who Are Missing Body Parts
They persevered despite losing a piece of themselves.
by VH1 5/30/2015
1 Fetty Wap
“When I was little…I had got into an accident and it gave me congenital glaucoma in both of my eyes,” Fetty Wap told Sisrius XM show VIP Saturdays. Good thing his doc was able to save at least one of them.
2 Tony Iommi
At the age of 17, the Black Sabbath guitarist lost the tips of his middle and ring finger on his right hand due to an industrial accident at a sheet metal factory. Iommi fashioned fingertips out of plastic, restrung his guitar with extra-light strings and tuned them down – thus creating a heavy, dark sound that would become the foundation for heavy metal badassery.
3 Rick Allen
Nicknamed “The Thunder God” by fans, the Def Leppard drummer was involved in a car accident that left him with his left arm completely severed. Allen defied all expectations by adapting his playing style and drum kit so that he could continue drumming. According to singer Joe Elliott, he became “a better drummer than he was when he had two arms.”
4 Jerry Garcia
The Grateful Dead guitarist lost two-thirds of his right middle finger as a child while steadying wood that his older brother was chopping. Despite the accident, he went on to become an extraordinary guitarist and inspired many Deadheads to become musicians – or at least put on a tie-dye shirt, light up and eat Cherry Garcia ice cream.
5 Sammy Davis, Jr.
The legendary singer/dancer/actor lost his left eye in an automobile accident in 1954. He was eventually fitted for a glass eye and went on to become a member of the Rat Pack along with Frank Sinatra and Dean Martin, officially making Sammy one of the coolest cats in Hollywood history.
6 Django Reinhardt
The legendary jazz guitarist was badly injured in a fire in 1928. The fourth and fifth fingers on his left hand were left permanently curled toward the palm due to the tendons shrinking. Django learned to maximize the use of his other fingers and developed his own playing style, becoming one of the greatest guitarists of all time.
7 James “Munky” Shaffer
The co-founding guitarist of pioneering nu metal band Korn severed the top of his left index finger due to an accident with his three-wheeler. He picked up the guitar as a way to rehabilitate his finger, and eventually went on to sell over 35 million albums.
8 Paul Stanley
The singer for KISS was born with a Level 3 Microtia, which is a deformity of the cartilage of the outer ear, leaving him with no ear canal and virtually deaf on his right side. Luckily, KISS stuck to playing quiet folk songs and avoided loud explosions in order to preserve Stanley’s other ear.
9 Leslie West
In 2011, the Mountain frontman had his lower right leg amputated as a result of complications from diabetes. With a big metaphorical F-U to life and leg, West is releasing a new solo album this week titled ’Still Climbing.’ Now that’s rock n’ roll.
10 Mark Goffeney
Born without arms, Goffeney learned to play guitar and bass with his feet. He formed a band called Big Toe and released a self-titled album in 1999 to critical acclaim. Goffeney has had ongoing success as a performer, speaker and TV personality – and although he may be the least well-known musician on this list, his talent has made him legendary.
11 Victor “Moulty” Moulton
The drummer for garage rock one hit wonders The Barbarians lost his left hand in an explosion when he was 14. He wore a hook-shaped prosthesis and eventually modified it to hold a drumstick. The band later had a regional hit with the song “Moulty” which dramatized his hand-losing accident to comedic effect.
Tags: Django ReinhardtFetty WapJerry GarciaSammy Davis Jr.
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Home » Celebrating our Birds in Bonn on World Migratory Bird Day
Celebrating our Birds in Bonn on World Migratory Bird Day
Bonn, 18 May 2018 – To mark World Migratory Bird Day (WMBD) 2018, the CMS and AEWA Secretariats co-organized two local WMBD events in Bonn, Germany. The first event was a film screening in the Museum Koenig and the second event was a birdwatching tour in the forests around Bonn. The two events in Bonn, were among the 400 + registered events which took place in 68 countries around the world to celebrate World Migratory Bird Day in May.
On May 9, the WMBD team organized a film screening of Winged Migration (2001) at the Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig. Filmed over the course of four years, the film directed by Jacques Cluzaud, Michel Debats and Jacques Perrin, follows the journeys of migratory birds across wetlands, plains, mountains, seas and deserts. Showing at once the splendours and perils of migration, and the habits and behaviours of various bird species, the film is a visual wonder that takes the viewer on a visual journey following migratory birds. Prior to the film, Professor Stephen Garnett, CMS COP-Appointed Councillor for Birds, gave a passionate introduction to the topic of bird migration and the importance of international cooperation to conserve them.
On May 12 – the actual peak day of World Migratory Bird Day - a group of interested residents joined NABU (Naturschutzbund Deutschland e.V., or Nature and Biodiversity Conservation Union) for a guided birdwatching tour led by Mr. Andreas Kepper. Participants of all ages and from seven different nationalities came together for a morning trek through the Kottenforst, where we saw and learned to distinguish the songs of various bird species, including swallows, cuckoos and woodpeckers found in Bonn. The tour was a good introduction to birdwatching (and listening!) and an invitation for all participants, from first-time birdwatchers to experienced ornithologists, to take part in future excursions and to be aware of the many birds that are present in and around our cities.
The WMBD Team, would like to use this opportunity to sincerely thank both Prof. Garnett and Mr. Kepper for volunteering their time and without whom these WMBD events would not have been possible.
In case you missed these events and have become interested, please note that World Migratory Bird Day is now celebrated in both May and October (twice a year!), so there may be another opportunity to celebrate our migratory birds in Bonn this coming October!
For more information please visit: www.worldmigratorybirdday.org
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Interview: Kevin Salem (Little Monster Records)
One of my favorite songs from the 1990s was the soaring alterna-rocker "Lighthouse Keeper," by a musician by the name of Kevin Salem. Fast-forward a decade, and in this brave new world of kids and family music, I was surprised and, well, pleased to hear that Salem had started up Little Monster Records, a label just for kids' music. Salem, who spends much of his time now producing others' records rather than recording his own, along with his wife Kate Hyams, who spent many years as a label executive, have put together an exciting roster of artists who show every sign of releasing music that is definitely not the typical kids' music fare.
Kevin Salem recently took the time to answer a few questions. Read on for how views on kids in the recording studio have changed over the year, his vision for the label, how his least favorite baseball team inspired his label's latest record, and future projects...
Zooglobble: What music did you listen to growing up?
Kevin Salem: There were a few different sources for me growing up. My parents were Arabic and played a lot of Arabic music and I grew up in a small coal and steel town where there was a lot of rootsy music, so that stuff was always in the air. My dad was a jazz singer and trumpeter, so the first songs I sang were things like ‘Fly Me to the Moon’ and ‘Sunny Side of the Street.’ I lived with two sisters and my cousins who are quite a bit older than me and turned me on to a lot of the things I have loved all my life -- the Beatles and Stones, Dylan, Motown, Neil Young... all things countercultural. I remember watching the Beatles at shea stadium on TV and wondering what was wrong with all the teenage girls in my family. When I was 5, some teenagers from my family’s church had a cover band called ‘Grapes of Wrath.’ I saw them play 'Little Bit of Soul’ at a church picnic and decided on the spot that I was gonna be a rock and roll guitarist. It was the best decision I ever made.
What instruments did you play growing up? Did family or friends play instruments?
I ate, breathed and slept guitar, had no interest in playing any other instruments. My uncle lived with us for many years and was an accomplished pianist and composer, my dad, as I said was a singer, and my sister Deb played guitar and sang. When I was six, me and some of my friends ‘played’ at birthday parties (actually, we would lip sync to ‘Hanky Panky.’) Having said all that, if you could hear my mom sing, you would understand why it took such a wealth of musical influence to overcome her genetic input. It is truly a voice to...er... marvel at. Sorry, mom.
When you were recording your own records did kids ever show up in the recording studio? Has that changed now in the years since you've moved more into the production side?
The thing is... the records I made through my twenties and thirties were made behind a certain barrier that just precluded kids being around. As I’ve grown older and been humbled more, and since the birth of my daughter, I am perfectly comfortable with kids in the studio. My daughter has been lucky enough to sit in Emmylou Harris’ lap while we recorded, and Rachael Yamagata is basically her godmother. I have had some clients get a little tense when kids are around in the studio, which is ironic because the best performances come when a person is as ego-less as a child. As a producer, one thing I have always found myself telling singers is to sing the way they did when they were a child.
When did you come up with the idea for Little Monster Records? Was there a specific inspiration?
My wife, Kate, has been in the music business all her life. When we had Emily five years ago, we saw an opportunity to do what we loved to do and give something to Em at the same time. There were other things... like I played South by Southwest with my band in ‘02, before I had a kid, and a sax player called Ralph Carney ended up playing with me. I went to see his band and thought ‘wow... this guy should be making music for kids.’ Same with Medeski Martin & Wood. Still, we may never have done this had Andy Gershon, who was running V2, not asked Kate and I if we could bring a children’s imprint into the label.
What is your vision for the label?
When Kate was pregnant, I began to buy movies that I knew I would want my daughter to see... The Wizard of Oz, It’s a Wonderful Life, Bambi... the usual stuff. It has been from the start, a pure pure joy discovering these movies, and so many others, like The Incredibles and Star Wars, together. More than anything, I would like to try and give that kind of experience to families through music.
What draws you to particular artists (or album concepts) for the label?
Quality, imagination, the tendency or artists to leave the center and find the outside edges of their art, the ability to allow children to feel ownership of the music and parents to feel included, a demonstration that music has a history that is living and growing as each generation plays with their influences... and, in every case, our artists are special parents... every one of them.
What's been the most rewarding aspect of starting a label focused on music for family and kids? What's been the hardest aspect?
I think it would be hard for anyone who has a pulse to argue that ‘grown-up’ music and the business of selling it are not, generally, in a state of stagnation and confusion. But when we ask artists to make kids records, they seem to find inspiration easily. Perhaps it is knowing who the audience will be, perhaps it is the encouragement to drop pretensions... it just brings out the best in the incredibly gifted people we’ve been lucky enough to bring into our roster. When we did the Beatles and soul compilations, we cut 26 songs in 2 days and finished early. It was so exhilarating to have positivity and generosity be these essential parts of the formula in a process that usually involves a few weeks of getting your head caught up your own bum and then a few more trying to pull it back out. Commercially, I find it EXTREMELY rewarding to know that we don’t have to operate like a ‘record company,’ and no one will ever sell their soul to do this on my watch. And of course, on the down side, once in a while, we collide with the old paradigm of doing music business. No biggie, just a temporary minor little drag here and there.
(Photo credit: Phillip Gerome Stiles)
Who came up with the idea to do a Medeski, Martin & Wood kids' disk (Let's Go Everywhere)?
I am a hardcore Yankees fan, so I hate to give any credit to the Boston Red Sox for anything. But a few years ago, when they won the World Series for the first time in 8 billion years, they threw a party on Lansdowne Street, and MMW were told their Boston show that evening was cancelled. They ended up playing a little impromptu acoustic show here in Woodstock, where some of them live and our kids go to school together. I’ve got Emily on my lap and we are watching one of the best bands in the universe playing purely for the love of it, very loose and relaxed, and, all of a sudden, Billy Martin starts picking up these chirping bird toys and playing outrageous grooves. I looked at Kate and said ‘, they’re playing children’s music.’ We were at a party and ran into them and asked if they wanted to do, you know, like, 'MMW go to the farm' or something. They came up with the idea of a musical travelogue for children. Such a cool idea.
Did the finished product of Let's Go Everywhere sound like you thought it might when the concept was first discussed? What do you like most about the album (be it a particular song or something more general)?
To be honest, we had no expectations, and, to be brutally honest, the experiment could have failed for all we knew. I almost passed out when I heard the whole record. It blew me away. I love the width of the record stylistically, and I love that it is real jazz. Tim ingham’s vocals absolutely slay me. I love the way the album speaks to children without ever trying to condescend. The more I listen, the more I am astonished that they pulled it off and the levels on which it works that I could never have dreamed. I think there is an old saying, that ‘no one ever tried to make a great record.’ If you understand what that means, you can hear that kind of whimsical brilliance from beginning to end of LGE. In a lot of ways, I wish it weren’t on my label, because I want your readers to believe this without thinking it is my pride or inner label guy speaking.
What's next for Little Monster?
A beautiful run of releasing brilliant records to lavish critical acclaim, followed by bankruptcy and, finally, vindication in the form of a box set in 2025, provided Rhino are still in business? Actually, next year we have MMW, All Together Now, Soulville, Robbert Bobbert, and Ralph and Ralph. Rachael Yamagata and I are starting to work on a record of children’s music that will come out in ‘09. There are a few other bands brewing, and we have started a book imprint that will hopefully launch in the fall. I’ve been messing with ideas for a kids music podcast and... well, there is just so much.
Posted in Interviews, Kevin Salem, Little Monster Records.
Kevin Salem
Little Monster Records
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A. The Siting Board is a governmental entity of New York State organized within the New York State Department of Public Service. The Siting Board was established primarily to review applications and to issue or deny certificates authorizing the construction and operation of major electric generating facilities. When the Siting Board is reviewing an original application for a certificate, it consists of five permanent members and two ad hoc public members. The five permanent members of the Siting Board also have additional responsibilities to promulgate regulations for the implementation of Article 10, and they have jurisdiction with respect to the amendment, suspension or revocation of a certificate.
A. Yes. The ad hoc appointees shall receive the sum of two hundred dollars for each day in which they are actually engaged in the performance of their duties plus actual and necessary expenses incurred by them in the performance of such duties.
A. The presiding examiner will provide for an expedited pre-application funding disbursement schedule to assure early and meaningful public involvement. Following receipt of initial requests for pre-application funds, the presiding examiner shall expeditiously make an initial award of pre-application funds. Subject to the availability of funds, the presiding examiner may fix additional dates for submission of fund requests. Thereafter the presiding examiner may make additional awards of pre-application funds, in relation to the potential for such awards to make an effective contribution to review of the preliminary scoping statement.
A. The hearings will be conducted by a presiding examiner designated by the Department of Public Service. An associate examiner shall be designated by the Department of Environmental Conservation. The associate examiner will assist the presiding examiner in inquiring into and calling for testimony concerning relevant and material matters, and the conclusions and recommendations of the associate examiner will be incorporated in the recommended decision of the presiding examiner.
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Pasadena Resident David Hodge to Compete in International Radiosport Competition
Pasadena Now
From STAFF REPORTS
Pasadena resident and top amateur radio operator David Hodge (amateur radio callsign N6AN) has been selected to compete in the World Radiosport Team Championship 2014 (WRTC2014). This quadrennial radiosport competition, the first held in the United States since 1996, will be held across 16 New England communities from July 9 through 14. Known as the “Olympiad of amateur radio,” previous WRTC2014 competitions have been held in Seattle (1990), San Francisco (1996), Slovenia (2000), Finland (2002), Brazil (2006), and Russia (2010).
“I think it all started when I stuck a hairpin in a light switch at the age of 3 or 4,” says Hodge, of his interest in amateur radio, “I felt firsthand the power of electricity, and half the lights in the house went out!” By the age of 14, Hodge had his first amateur radio callsign as a novice, and has grown into a respected radio contestor on the world stage.
Read full article: http://www.pasadenanow.com/main/pasadena-resident-david-hodge-to-compete-in-international-radiosport-competition
← Local ham radio operator in international competition
La Jollan to compete in world ham radio contest →
DK6XZ, W1WBB, KM1P, W1VFB, W1AH
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West Virginia Code
CHAPTER 1. THE STATE AND ITS SUBDIVISIONS. CHAPTER 2. COMMON LAW, STATUTES, LEGAL HOLIDAYS, DEFINITIONS AND LEGAL CAPACITY. CHAPTER 3. ELECTIONS. CHAPTER 4. THE LEGISLATURE. CHAPTER 5. GENERAL POWERS AND AUTHORITY OF THE GOVERNOR, SECRETARY OF STATE AND ATTORNEY GENERAL; BOARD OF PUBLIC WORKS; MISCELLANEOUS AGENCIES, COMMISSIONS, OFFICES, PROGRAMS, ETC. CHAPTER 5A. DEPARTMENT OF ADMINISTRATION. CHAPTER 5B. ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ACT OF 1985. CHAPTER 5C. BASIC ASSISTANCE FOR INDUSTRY AND TRADE. CHAPTER 5D. PUBLIC ENERGY AUTHORITY ACT. CHAPTER 5E. VENTURE CAPITAL COMPANY. CHAPTER 5F. REORGANIZATION OF THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH OF STATE GOVERNMENT. CHAPTER 5G. PROCUREMENT OF ARCHITECT-ENGINEER SERVICES BY STATE AND ITS SUBDIVISIONS. CHAPTER 5H. SURVIVOR BENEFITS. CHAPTER 6. GENERAL PROVISIONS RESPECTING OFFICERS. CHAPTER 6A. EXECUTIVE AND JUDICIAL SUCCESSION. CHAPTER 6B. PUBLIC OFFICERS AND EMPLOYEES; ETHICS; CONFLICTS OF INTEREST; FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE. CHAPTER 6C. PUBLIC EMPLOYEES. CHAPTER 6D. PUBLIC CONTRACTS. CHAPTER 7. COUNTY COMMISSIONS AND OFFICERS. CHAPTER 7A. CONSOLIDATED LOCAL GOVERNMENT. CHAPTER 8. MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS. CHAPTER 8A. LAND USE PLANNING. CHAPTER 9. HUMAN SERVICES. CHAPTER 9A. VETERANS' AFFAIRS. CHAPTER 10. PUBLIC LIBRARIES; PUBLIC RECREATION; ATHLETIC ESTABLISHMENTS; MONUMENTS AND MEMORIALS; ROSTER OF SERVICEMEN; EDUCATIONAL BROADCASTING AUTHORITY. CHAPTER 11. TAXATION. CHAPTER 11A. COLLECTION AND ENFORCEMENT OF PROPERTY TAXES. CHAPTER 11B. DEPARTMENT OF REVENUE. CHAPTER 12. PUBLIC MONEYS AND SECURITIES. CHAPTER 13. PUBLIC BONDED INDEBTEDNESS. CHAPTER 13A. PUBLIC INDEBTEDNESS NOT BONDED (REPEALED). CHAPTER 14. CLAIMS DUE AND AGAINST THE STATE. CHAPTER 15. PUBLIC SAFETY. CHAPTER 15A. DEPARTMENT OF MILITARY AFFAIRS AND PUBLIC SAFETY. CHAPTER 16. PUBLIC HEALTH. CHAPTER 16A. MEDICAL CANNABIS ACT. CHAPTER 17. ROADS AND HIGHWAYS. CHAPTER 17A. MOTOR VEHICLE ADMINISTRATION, REGISTRATION, CERTIFICATE OF TITLE, AND ANTITHEFT PROVISIONS. CHAPTER 17B. MOTOR VEHICLE DRIVER'S LICENSES. CHAPTER 17C. TRAFFIC REGULATIONS AND LAWS OF THE ROAD. CHAPTER 17D. MOTOR VEHICLE SAFETY RESPONSIBILITY LAW. CHAPTER 17E. UNIFORM COMMERCIAL DRIVER'S LICENSE ACT. CHAPTER 17F. ALL-TERRAIN VEHICLES. CHAPTER 17G. RACIAL PROFILING DATA COLLECTION ACT. CHAPTER 18. EDUCATION. CHAPTER 18A. SCHOOL PERSONNEL. CHAPTER 18B. HIGHER EDUCATION. CHAPTER 18C. STUDENT LOANS; SCHOLARSHIPS AND STATE AID. CHAPTER 19. AGRICULTURE. CHAPTER 20. NATURAL RESOURCES. CHAPTER 20A. WATER RESOURCES (REPEALED). CHAPTER 21. LABOR CHAPTER 21A. UNEMPLOYMENT COMPENSATION. CHAPTER 22. ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES. CHAPTER 22A. MINERS' HEALTH, SAFETY AND TRAINING. CHAPTER 22B. ENVIRONMENTAL BOARDS. CHAPTER 22C. ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES; BOARDS, AUTHORITIES, COMMISSIONS AND COMPACTS. CHAPTER 23. WORKERS' COMPENSATION. CHAPTER 24. PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION. CHAPTER 24A. COMMERCIAL MOTOR CARRIERS. CHAPTER 24B. GAS PIPELINE SAFETY. CHAPTER 24C. UNDERGROUND FACILITIES DAMAGE PREVENTION. CHAPTER 24D. CABLE TELEVISION. CHAPTER 24E. STATEWIDE ADDRESSING AND MAPPING. CHAPTER 24F. VETERANS' GRAVE MARKERS. CHAPTER 25. DIVISION OF CORRECTIONS. CHAPTER 26. STATE BENEVOLENT INSTITUTIONS. CHAPTER 27. MENTALLY ILL PERSONS. CHAPTER 28. STATE CORRECTIONAL AND PENAL INSTITUTIONS. CHAPTER 29. MISCELLANEOUS BOARDS AND OFFICERS. CHAPTER 29A. STATE ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES ACT. CHAPTER 29B. FREEDOM OF INFORMATION. CHAPTER 29C. UNIFORM NOTARY ACT. CHAPTER 30. PROFESSIONS AND OCCUPATIONS. CHAPTER 31. CORPORATIONS. CHAPTER 31A. BANKS AND BANKING. CHAPTER 31B. UNIFORM LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY ACT. CHAPTER 31C. CREDIT UNIONS. CHAPTER 31D. WEST VIRGINIA BUSINESS CORPORATION ACT. CHAPTER 31E. WEST VIRGINIA NONPROFIT CORPORATION ACT. CHAPTER 31F. WEST VIRGINIA BENEFIT CORPORATION ACT. CHAPTER 31G. BROADBAND ENHANCEMENT AND EXPANSION POLICIES. CHAPTER 31H. SMALL WIRELESS FACILITIES DEPLOYMENT ACT. CHAPTER 32. UNIFORM SECURITIES ACT. CHAPTER 32A. LAND SALES; FALSE ADVERTISING; ISSUANCE AND SALE OF CHECKS, DRAFTS, MONEY ORDERS, ETC. CHAPTER 32B. THE WEST VIRGINIA COMMODITIES ACT. CHAPTER 33. INSURANCE. CHAPTER 34. ESTRAYS, DRIFT AND DERELICT PROPERTY. CHAPTER 35. PROPERTY OF RELIGIOUS, EDUCATIONAL AND CHARITABLE ORGANIZATIONS. CHAPTER 35A. NAMES, EMBLEMS, ETC., OF ASSOCIATIONS, LODGES, ETC. CHAPTER 36. ESTATES AND PROPERTY. CHAPTER 36A. CONDOMINIUMS AND UNIT PROPERTY. CHAPTER 36B. UNIFORM COMMON INTEREST OWNERSHIP ACT. CHAPTER 37. REAL PROPERTY. CHAPTER 37A. ZONING. CHAPTER 37B. MINERAL DEVELOPMENT. CHAPTER 37C. MINERAL DEVELOPMENT. CHAPTER 38. LIENS. CHAPTER 39. RECORDS AND PAPERS. CHAPTER 39A. ELECTRONIC COMMERCE. CHAPTER 39B. UNIFORM POWER OF ATTORNEY ACT. CHAPTER 40. ACTS VOID AS TO CREDITORS AND PURCHASERS. CHAPTER 41. WILLS. CHAPTER 42. DESCENT AND DISTRIBUTION. CHAPTER 43. DOWER AND VALUATION OF LIFE ESTATES. CHAPTER 44. ADMINISTRATION OF ESTATES AND TRUSTS. CHAPTER 44A. WEST VIRGINIA GUARDIANSHIP AND CONSERVATORSHIP ACT. CHAPTER 44B. UNIFORM PRINCIPAL AND INCOME ACT. CHAPTER 44C. UNIFORM ADULT GUARDIANSHIP AND PROTECTIVE PROCEEDINGS JURISDICTION ACT. CHAPTER 44D. UNIFORM TRUST CODE. CHAPTER 45. SURETYSHIP AND GUARANTY. CHAPTER 46. UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE. CHAPTER 46A. WEST VIRGINIA CONSUMER CREDIT AND PROTECTION ACT. CHAPTER 46B. REGULATION OF THE RENTAL OF CONSUMER GOODS UNDER RENT-TO-OWN AGREEMENTS. CHAPTER 47. REGULATION OF TRADE. CHAPTER 47A. WEST VIRGINIA LENDING AND CREDIT RATE BOARD. CHAPTER 47B. UNIFORM PARTNERSHIP ACT. CHAPTER 48. DOMESTIC RELATIONS. CHAPTER 49. CHILD WELFARE. CHAPTER 50. MAGISTRATE COURTS. CHAPTER 51. COURTS AND THEIR OFFICERS. CHAPTER 52. JURIES. CHAPTER 53. EXTRAORDINARY REMEDIES. CHAPTER 54. EMINENT DOMAIN. CHAPTER 55. ACTIONS, SUITS AND ARBITRATION; JUDICIAL SALE. CHAPTER 56. PLEADING AND PRACTICE. CHAPTER 57. EVIDENCE AND WITNESSES. CHAPTER 58. APPEAL AND ERROR. CHAPTER 59. FEES, ALLOWANCES AND COSTS; NEWSPAPERS; LEGAL ADVERTISEMENTS. CHAPTER 60. STATE CONTROL OF ALCOHOLIC LIQUORS. CHAPTER 60A. UNIFORM CONTROLLED SUBSTANCES ACT. CHAPTER 61. CRIMES AND THEIR PUNISHMENT. CHAPTER 62. CRIMINAL PROCEDURE. CHAPTER 63. REPEAL OF STATUTES. CHAPTER 64. LEGISLATIVE RULES.
Chapter 11 Entire Code
ARTICLE 1. SUPERVISION.
ARTICLE 1A. APPRAISAL OF PROPERTY.
ARTICLE 1B. ADDITIONAL REVIEW OF PROPERTY APPRAISALS; IMPLEMENTATION.
ARTICLE 1C. FAIR AND EQUITABLE PROPERTY VALUATION.
ARTICLE 2. ASSESSORS.
ARTICLE 3. ASSESSMENTS GENERALLY.
ARTICLE 4. ASSESSMENT OF REAL PROPERTY.
ARTICLE 5. ASSESSMENT OF PERSONAL PROPERTY.
ARTICLE 6. ASSESSMENT OF PUBLIC SERVICE BUSINESSES.
ARTICLE 6A. POLLUTION CONTROL FACILITIES TAX TREATMENT.
ARTICLE 6B. HOMESTEAD PROPERTY TAX EXEMPTION.
ARTICLE 6C. SPECIAL METHOD FOR APPRAISING DEALER VEHICLE INVENTORY.
ARTICLE 6D. ALTERNATIVE-FUEL MOTOR VEHICLES TAX CREDIT.
ARTICLE 6E. SPECIAL METHOD FOR VALUATION OF CERTAIN MANUFACTURING PRODUCTION PROPERTY.
ARTICLE 6F. SPECIAL METHOD FOR APPRAISING QUALIFIED CAPITAL ADDITIONS TO MANUFACTURING FACILITIES.
ARTICLE 6G. ASSESSMENT OF INTERSTATE PUBLIC SERVICE CORPORATION MOTOR VEHICLE BUSINESSES REGISTERED UNDER A PROPORTIONAL REGISTRATION AGREEMENT.
ARTICLE 6H. VALUATION OF SPECIAL AIRCRAFT PROPERTY.
ARTICLE 6I. SENIOR CITIZEN PROPERTY TAX PAYMENT DEFERMENT ACT.
ARTICLE 6J. SPECIAL METHOD FOR VALUATION OF CERTAIN HIGH-TECHNOLOGY PROPERTY.
ARTICLE 6K. ASSESSMENT OF INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY AND NATURAL RESOURCES PROPERTY.
ARTICLE 6L. SPECIAL METHOD FOR VALUATION OF CERTAIN WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY PROPERTY.
ARTICLE 7. CAPITATION TAXES.
ARTICLE 8. LEVIES.
ARTICLE 8A. COUNTY-WIDE LEVY FOR DISTRICT DEBT SERVICE.
ARTICLE 9. CRIMES AND PENALTIES.
ARTICLE 10. WEST VIRGINIA TAX PROCEDURE AND ADMINISTRATION ACT.
ARTICLE 10A. WEST VIRGINIA OFFICE OF TAX APPEALS.
ARTICLE 10B. TAX PENALTY AND ADDITIONS TO TAX AMNESTY.
ARTICLE 10C. BENEFITS-FUNDED PURCHASING.
ARTICLE 10D. TAX AMNESTY PROGRAM.
ARTICLE 10E. TAX SHELTER VOLUNTARY COMPLIANCE PROGRAM.
ARTICLE 11. ESTATE TAXES.
ARTICLE 11A. INTERSTATE COMPROMISE OF INHERITANCE AND DEATH TAXES.
ARTICLE 11B. INTERSTATE ARBITRATION OF INHERITANCE AND DEATH TAXES.
ARTICLE 12. BUSINESS REGISTRATION TAX.
ARTICLE 12A. ANNUAL TAX ON INCOMES OF CERTAIN CARRIERS.
ARTICLE 12B. MINIMUM SEVERANCE TAX ON COAL.
ARTICLE 12C. CORPORATE LICENSE TAX.
ARTICLE 12D. ESTABLISHMENT OF OFFICE OF BUSINESS REGISTRATION; CREATION OF CENTRALIZED RECORDS.
ARTICLE 13. BUSINESS AND OCCUPATION TAX.
§11-13-1. Definitions.
§11-13-2. Imposition of privilege tax.
§11-13-2a.
§11-13-2b.
§11-13-2c.
§11-13-2d. Public service or utility business.
§11-13-2e. Business of gas storage; effective date.
§11-13-2f. Manufacturing or producing synthetic fuel from coal; rate and measure of tax; definitions; dedication, deposit and distribution of tax; expenditure of distributions received by synthetic fuel-producing counties for economic development and infrastructure improvement pursuant to plan approved by West Virginia Development Office; priority for expenditure of distributions received by other county commissions; date for expiration of tax.
§11-13-2g.
§11-13-2h.
§11-13-2i.
§11-13-2j.
§11-13-2k.
§11-13-2l.
§11-13-2m. Business of generating or producing electric power; exception; rates.
§11-13-2n. Business of generating or producing or selling electric power; exemptions; rates.
§11-13-2o. Business of generating or producing or selling electricity on and after June 1, 1995; definitions; rate of tax; exemptions; effective date.
§11-13-2p. Credit against tax based on the taxable generating capacity of a generating unit utilizing a turbine powered primarily by wind.
§11-13-3. Exemptions; annual exemption and periods thereof.
§11-13-3a. Deduction for contributions to an employee stock ownership plan by a manufacturer.
§11-13-3b. Definitions; reduction allowed in tax due; how computed.
§11-13-3c. Tax credit for business investment and jobs expansion.
§11-13-3d. Tax credit for industrial expansion and industrial revitalization, and eligible research and development projects.
§11-13-3e. Tax credit for coal loading facilities; regulations.
§11-13-3f. Tax credit for reducing electric, natural gas or water utility rates for low-income residential customers; regulations.
§11-13-3g. Tax credit for increased generation of electricity from coal.
§11-13-4. Computation of tax; payment.
§11-13-5. Return and remittance by taxpayer.
§11-13-6.
§11-13-9. Tax year.
§11-13-10. Tax cumulative.
§11-13-11.
§11-13-13. Receivership or insolvency proceedings.
§11-13-16a.
§11-13-17. Priority in distribution in receivership, etc.; personal liability of administrator.
§11-13-18. Agents for collection of delinquent taxes.
§11-13-19. Certificate to clerk of county court of assessment of taxes.
§11-13-25. Cities, towns or villages restricted from imposing additional tax.
§11-13-26. Severability.
§11-13-27. General procedure and administration.
§11-13-28. Effective date; transition rules.
§11-13-29. Tax commissioner to furnish comparative study reports to Governor and Legislature, dates therefor.
§11-13-30. Tax credit for coal coking facilities; regulations.
§11-13-31. Credit for consumers sales and service tax and use tax paid.
ARTICLE 13A. SEVERANCE AND BUSINESS PRIVILEGE TAX ACT.
ARTICLE 13AA. COMMERCIAL PATENT INCENTIVES TAX ACT.
ARTICLE 13B. TELECOMMUNICATIONS TAX.
ARTICLE 13BB. WEST VIRGINIA INNOVATIVE MINE SAFETY TECHNOLOGY TAX CREDIT ACT.
ARTICLE 13C. BUSINESS INVESTMENT AND JOBS EXPANSION TAX CREDIT.
ARTICLE 13CC. ENERGY INTENSIVE INDUSTRIAL CONSUMERS REVITALIZATION TAX CREDIT.
ARTICLE 13D. TAX CREDITS FOR INDUSTRIAL EXPANSION AND REVITALIZATION, RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS, CERTAIN HOUSING DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS, MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SERVICES FACILITIES, INDUSTRIAL FACILITIES PRODUCING COAL-BASED LIQUIDS USED TO PRODUCE SYNTHETIC FUELS, AND AEROSPACE INDUSTRIAL FACILITY INVESTMENTS.
ARTICLE 13DD. WEST VIRGINIA FARM-TO-FOOD BANK TAX CREDIT.
ARTICLE 13E. BUSINESS AND OCCUPATION TAX CREDIT FOR COAL LOADING FACILITIES.
ARTICLE 13EE. COAL SEVERANCE TAX REBATE.
ARTICLE 13F. BUSINESS AND OCCUPATION TAX CREDIT FOR REDUCING ELECTRIC AND NATURAL GAS UTILITY RATES FOR LOW-INCOME RESIDENTIAL CUSTOMERS.
ARTICLE 13G. TAX CREDIT FOR REDUCING TELEPHONE UTILITY RATES FOR CERTAIN LOW-INCOME RESIDENTIAL CUSTOMERS.
ARTICLE 13H. BUSINESS AND OCCUPATION TAX CREDIT FOR INCREASED GENERATION OF ELECTRICITY.
ARTICLE 13I. TAX CREDIT FOR EMPLOYING FORMER EMPLOYEES OF COLIN ANDERSON CENTER WHO LOST THEIR JOBS DUE TO THE CLOSURE OF COLIN ANDERSON CENTER.
ARTICLE 13J. NEIGHBORHOOD INVESTMENT PROGRAM.
ARTICLE 13K. TAX CREDIT FOR AGRICULTURAL EQUIPMENT.
ARTICLE 13L. THE NATURAL GAS INDUSTRY JOBS RETENTION ACT.
ARTICLE 13M. TAX CREDIT FOR NEW VALUE-ADDED WOOD MANUFACTURING OPERATIONS.
ARTICLE 13N. TAX CREDIT FOR NEW STEEL MANUFACTURING OPERATIONS AFTER JULY 1, 1998.
ARTICLE 13O. TAX CREDIT FOR NEW ALUMINUM OR POLYMER MANUFACTURING OPERATIONS AFTER JULY 1, 1998.
ARTICLE 13P. TAX CREDIT FOR MEDICAL LIABILITY INSURANCE PREMIUMS.
ARTICLE 13Q. ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY TAX CREDIT.
ARTICLE 13R. STRATEGIC RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT TAX CREDIT.
ARTICLE 13S. MANUFACTURING INVESTMENT TAX CREDIT.
ARTICLE 13T. TAX CREDIT FOR COMBINED CLAIMS MADE MEDICAL MALPRACTICE PREMIUMS AND MEDICAL MALPRACTICE LIABILITY TAIL INSURANCE PREMIUMS PAID.
ARTICLE 13U. HIGH-GROWTH BUSINESS INVESTMENT TAX CREDIT.
ARTICLE 13V. WORKERS\' COMPENSATION DEBT REDUCTION ACT.
ARTICLE 13W. APPRENTICESHIP TRAINING TAX CREDITS.
ARTICLE 13X. WEST VIRGINIA FILM INDUSTRY INVESTMENT ACT.
ARTICLE 13Y. THE WEST VIRGINIA MANUFACTURING PROPERTY TAX ADJUSTMENT ACT.
ARTICLE 13Z. RESIDENTIAL SOLAR ENERGY TAX CREDIT.
ARTICLE 14. GASOLINE AND SPECIAL FUEL EXCISE TAX.
ARTICLE 14A. MOTOR CARRIER ROAD TAX.
ARTICLE 14B. INTERSTATE FUEL TAX AGREEMENT.
ARTICLE 14C. MOTOR FUEL EXCISE TAX.
ARTICLE 15. CONSUMERS SALES AND SERVICE TAX.
ARTICLE 15A. USE TAX.
ARTICLE 15B. STREAMLINED SALES AND USE TAXES.
ARTICLE 16. NONINTOXICATING BEER.
ARTICLE 17. TOBACCO PRODUCTS EXCISE TAX ACT.
ARTICLE 18. EXCISE TAX ON USE, CONSUMPTION OR STORAGE OF CIGARETTES.
ARTICLE 19. SOFT DRINKS TAX.
ARTICLE 20. RECIPROCAL ENFORCEMENT.
ARTICLE 21. PERSONAL INCOME TAX.
ARTICLE 22. EXCISE TAX ON PRIVILEGE OF TRANSFERRING REAL PROPERTY.
ARTICLE 23. BUSINESS FRANCHISE TAX.
ARTICLE 24. CORPORATION NET INCOME TAX.
ARTICLE 25. TAX RELIEF FOR ELDERLY HOMEOWNERS AND RENTERS.
ARTICLE 26. HEALTH CARE PROVIDER MEDICAID TAX.
ARTICLE 27. HEALTH CARE PROVIDER TAXES.
ARTICLE 28. POST-COAL MINE SITE BUSINESS CREDIT.
(a) General. -- When used in this article, or in the administration of this article, the terms defined in subsection (b) shall have the meanings ascribed to them by this section, unless a different meaning is clearly required by either the context in which the term is used or by specific definition.
(b) Terms defined. -–
(1) "Person", or the term "company", used in this article interchangeably, includes any individual, firm, copartnership, joint adventure, association, corporation, trust or any other group or combination acting as a unit, and the plural as well as the singular number, unless the intention to give a more limited meaning is disclosed by the context.
(2) "Sale", "sales" or "selling" includes any transfer of or title to property or electricity, whether for money or in exchange for other property.
(3) "Taxpayer" means any person liable for any tax hereunder.
(4) "Gross income" means the gross receipts of the taxpayer, received as compensation for personal services and the gross receipts of the taxpayer derived from trade, business, commerce or sales and the value proceeding or accruing from the sale of tangible property (real or personal) or service, or both, and all receipts by reason of the investment of the capital of the business engaged in, including rentals, royalties, fees, reimbursed costs or expenses or other emoluments however designated and including all interest, carrying charges, fees or other like income, however denominated, derived by the taxpayer from repetitive carrying of accounts, in the regular course and conduct of his or her business, and extension of credit in connection with the sale of any tangible personal property or service and without any deductions on account of the cost of property sold, the cost of materials used, labor costs, taxes, royalties paid in cash or in kind or otherwise, interest or discount paid or any other expenses whatsoever.
(5) "Gross proceeds of sales" means the value, whether in money or other property, actually proceeding from the sale of tangible property without any deduction on account of the cost of property sold or expenses of any kind.
(6) "Business" shall include all activities engaged in or caused to be engaged in with the object of gain or economic benefit, either direct or indirect. "Business" shall include the rendering of gas storage service by any person for the gain or economic benefit of any person, including, but not limited to, the storage operator, whether or not incident to any other business activity.
(7) "Gas" means either natural gas unmixed or any mixture of natural and artificial gas or any other gas.
(8) "Storage reservoir" means that portion of any subterranean sand or rock stratum or strata into which gas has been injected for the purpose of storage prior to March 1, 1989.
(9) "Gas storage service" means the injection of gas into a storage reservoir, the storage of gas for any period of time in a storage reservoir or the withdrawal of gas from a storage reservoir. The gas may be owned by the storage operator or any other person.
(10) "Net number of dekatherms of gas injected" means the sum of the daily injection of dekatherms of gas in excess of the sum of the daily withdrawals of dekatherms of gas during a tax month.
(11) "Net number of dekatherms of gas withdrawn" means the sum of the daily withdrawal of dekatherms of gas in excess of the sum of the daily injection of dekatherms of gas during a tax month.
(12) "Gas storage operator" means any person who operates a storage reservoir or provides a storage service as defined in this subsection either as owner or lessee.
(13) "Month" or "tax month" means the calendar month.
(14) "Dekatherm" means the thermal energy unit equal to one million British thermal units (BTU's) or the equivalent of one thousand cubic feet of gas having a heating content of one thousand BTU's per cubic foot.
(15) "Taxable year" means the calendar year, or the fiscal year ending during the calendar year, upon the basis of which tax liability is computed under this article. "Taxable year" means, in case of a return made for a fractional part of a year under the provisions of this article, or under regulations promulgated by the Tax Commissioner, the period for which the return is made.
(16) "Homeowners' association" means a homeowners' association as defined in Section 528 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. The term "homeowners' association" also includes any unit owners' association organized under section one hundred one, article three, chapter thirty-six-b of this code.
(17) "Member", for purposes of the exemption provided in subdivision (7), subsection (b), section three of this article, means a person having membership rights in a homeowners' association, in accordance with the provisions of its articles of incorporation, bylaws or other instruments creating its form and organization; and having bona fide rights and privileges in the organization ordinarily conferred on members of the homeowners association, such as the right to vote, the right to elect officers and directors and the right to hold office within the organization. The term "member" also includes a "unit owner" as that term is defined in section one hundred three, article one, chapter thirty-six-b of this code.
(a) Imposition of tax. - There is hereby levied and shall be collected annual privilege taxes against the persons, on account of their business and other activities, and in the amount to be determined by the application of rates against the measures of tax as set forth in sections two-d, two-e, two-f, two-m, two-n and two-o of this article.
(b) If any person liable for any tax under section two-m shall ship or transport his products or any part thereof out of the state without making sale of such products, the value of the products in the condition or form in which they exist immediately before transportation out of the state shall be the basis for the assessment of the tax imposed in the applicable section, except in those instances in which another measure of the tax is expressly provided. The Tax Commissioner shall prescribe equitable and uniform rules for ascertaining the value.
(c) In determining value, however, as regards sales from one to another of affiliated companies or persons, or under other circumstances where the relation between the buyer and seller is such that the gross proceeds from the sale are not indicative of the true value of the subject matter of the sale, the Tax Commissioner shall prescribe uniform and equitable rules for determining the value upon which the applicable privilege tax shall be levied, corresponding as nearly as possible to the gross proceeds from the sale of similar products of like quality or character where no common interest exists between the buyer and seller but the circumstances and conditions are otherwise similar.
Repealed.
Acts, 1989, 1st Ex. Sess., Ch. 2.
Acts, 1989 1st Ex. Sess., Ch. 2.
(a) Upon any person engaging or continuing within this state in any public service or utility business, except railroad, railroad car, express, pipeline, telephone and telegraph companies, water carriers by steamboat or steamship and motor carriers, the tax imposed by section two of this article shall be equal to the gross income of the business derived from such activity or activities multiplied by the respective rates as follows:
(1) Street and interurban and electric railways, one and four-tenths percent;
(2) Water companies, four and four-tenths percent, except as to income received by municipally owned water plants;
(3) Electric light and power companies, four percent on sales and demand charges for domestic purposes and commercial lighting and four percent on sales and demand charges for all other purposes, and except as to income received by municipally owned plants producing or purchasing electricity and distributing same: Provided, That electric light and power companies which engage in the supplying of public service but which do not generate or produce in this state the electric power they supply shall be taxed on the gross income derived from sales of power which they do not generate in this state at the rate of three percent on sales and demand charges for domestic purposes and commercial lighting and three percent on sales and demand charges for all other purposes, except as to income received by municipally owned plants: Provided, however, That the sale of electric power under this section shall be taxed at the rate of two percent on that portion of the gross proceeds derived from the sale of electric power to a plant location of a customer engaged in a manufacturing activity, if the contract demand at such plant location exceeds two hundred thousand kilowatts per hour in a year, or if the usage of such plant location exceeds two hundred thousand kilowatts per hour in a year: Provided further, That the sale of electric power under this section shall be exempt from the tax imposed by this section and section two of this article if it is separately metered and consumed in an electrolytic process for the manufacture of chlorine in this state, or is separately metered and consumed in the manufacture of ferroalloy in this state, and the rate reduction herein provided to the taxpayer shall be passed on to the manufacturer of the chlorine or ferroalloy. As used in this section, the term "ferroalloy" means any of various alloys of iron and one or more other elements used as a raw material in the production of steel: And provided further, That the term does not include the final production of steel;
(4) Natural gas companies, four and twenty-nine hundredths percent on the gross income: Provided, That the sale of natural gas under this section shall be exempt from the tax imposed by this section and section two of this article to the extent that the natural gas is separately metered and is gas from which the purchaser derives hydrogen and carbon monoxide for use in the manufacture of chemicals in this state, and the full economic benefit of the exception herein provided to the taxpayer shall be passed on to such purchaser of the natural gas: Provided, however, That there shall be no exemption for the sale of any natural gas from which the purchaser derives carbon monoxide or hydrogen for the purpose of resale;
(5) Toll bridge companies, four and twenty-nine hundredths percent; and
(6) Upon all other public service or utility business, two and eighty-six hundredths percent.
(b) The measure of this tax shall not include gross income derived from commerce between this state and other states of the United States or between this state and foreign countries. The measure of the tax under this section shall include only gross income received
from the supplying of public service. The gross income of the taxpayer from any other activity shall be included in the measure of the tax imposed upon such other activity by the appropriate section or sections of this article.
(c) Beginning March 1, 1989, electric light and power companies shall determine their liability for payment of tax under this section and sections two-m and two-n of this article. If for taxable months beginning on or after March 1, 1989, liability for tax under section two-n of this article is equal to or greater than the sum of the power company's liability for payment of tax under subdivision (3), subsection (a) of this section and section two-m of this article, then the company shall pay the tax due under section two-n of this article and not the tax due under subdivision (3), subsection (a) of this section and section two-m of this article. If tax liability under section two-n is less, then tax shall be paid under subdivision (3), subsection (a) of this section and section two-m of this article and the tax due under section two-n shall not be paid. The provisions of subdivision (3), subsection (a) of this section shall expire and become null and void for taxable years beginning on or after January 1, 1998.
(d) Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (c) of this section, beginning June 1, 1995, electric light and power companies that actually paid tax based on the provisions of subdivision (3), subsection (a) of this section or section two-m of this article for every taxable month in 1994 shall determine their liability for payment of tax under this article in accordance with subdivision (1) of this subsection. All other electric light and power companies shall determine their liability for payment of tax under this article exclusively under section two-o of this article.
(1) If for taxable months beginning on or after June 1, 1995, liability for tax under section two-o of this article is equal to or greater than the sum of the power company's liability for payment of tax under subdivision (3), subsection (a) of this section and section two-m of this article, then the company shall pay the tax due under section two-o of this article and not the tax due under subdivision (3) subsection (a) of this section and section two-m of this article. If tax liability under section two-o is less, then the tax shall be paid under subdivision (3), subsection (a) of this section and section two-m of this article and the tax due under section two-o shall not be paid.
(2) The provisions of subdivision (3), subsection (a) of this section shall expire and become null and void for taxable years beginning on or after January 1, 1998.
(e) Notwithstanding the provisions of subdivision (1), subsection (a) of this section or any other provision of this article to the contrary, on and after January 1, 2017, no person engaging or continuing within this state in the service or business of street and interurban and electric railways is subject to the tax imposed by section two of this article.
(a) Rate of tax. -- Upon every person engaging or continuing within this state in any gas storage business utilizing one or more gas storage reservoirs located within this state, the tax imposed by section two of this article shall be equal to 5¢ multiplied by the sum of either (1) the net number of dekatherms of gas injected into such a gas storage reservoir during a tax month or (2) the net number of dekatherms of gas withdrawn from such a gas storage reservoir during a tax month, whichever is applicable for that month, whether or not such gas is owned by, or is injected or withdrawn for, the storage operator or any other person. Fractional parts of dekatherms shall be included in the measure of tax as provided in regulations promulgated by the Tax Commissioner: Provided, That effective July 1, 1995, the net number of dekatherms of gas injected or the net number of dekatherms withdrawn shall not exceed the storage utilization index as defined in this subsection. For purposes of this section, the term "storage utilization index" means the utilization of storage reservoir, through the operation of existing and functional facilities available for storage use during the five year base period ending December 31, 1994, and the storage utilization index shall be the five year average of taxable dekatherms as determined for each taxable period of the stated base period.
(b) Effective date. -- The measure of tax under this section shall include gas injected into, or withdrawn from, a gas storage reservoir after February 28, 1989.
(c) Administration; installment payments. -- The tax due under this section shall be administered, collected and enforced as provided in this article and articles nine and ten of this chapter. The tax due under this section shall be remitted in periodic installments as provided in section four of this article, except that such periodic installment payments shall be remitted on or before the twentieth day of the month following the month or quarter in which the tax accrues.
(d) Notice of retirement from service. -- A taxpayer subject to the tax due under this section shall provide written notice to the Joint Committee on Government and Finance and the Department of Tax and Revenue eighteen months prior to the retirement from service of a storage reservoir.
(a) Rate and measure of tax. –- There is hereby imposed an annual tax, in accordance with section two of this article, upon every person engaging or continuing within this state in the business of manufacturing or producing synthetic fuel from coal for sale, profit or commercial use, either directly or through the activity of others, in whole or in part, and the amount of the tax shall be equal to 50¢ per ton of synthetic fuel manufactured or produced for sale, profit or commercial use during the taxable year. When a fraction of a ton is included in the measure of tax, the rate of tax as to that fraction of a ton shall be proportional. The measure of tax is the total number of tons of synthetic fuel product manufactured or produced in this state during the taxable year for sale, profit or commercial use regardless of the place of sale or the fact that deliveries may be made to points outside this state. Liability for payment of this tax shall accrue when the synthetic fuel product is sold by the manufacturer or producer, determined by when the producer or manufacturer recognizes gross receipts for federal income tax purposes. When there is no sale of the synthetic fuel product, liability for tax shall accrue when the synthetic fuel product is shipped from the manufacturing facility for commercial use, whether by the taxpayer or by a related party, except as otherwise provided in legislative rules promulgated by the Tax Commissioner as provided in article three, chapter twenty-nine-a of this code.
(b) Definitions. -- For purposes of this section:
(1) "Fiscal year" means the fiscal year of this state.
(2) "Fuel" means material that produces usable heat or power upon combustion.
(3) "Fuel manufactured or produced from coal" means liquid, gaseous or solid fuels produced from coal, including, but not limited to, such fuels when used as feedstocks.
(4) "Office of chief inspector" means the State Auditor as ex officio chief inspector and supervisor of local government offices in accordance with section eleven, article nine, chapter six of this code.
(5) "Provisional share" means the portion of the Synthetic Fuel-Producing Counties Grant Fund that is available for possible distribution to each synthetic fuel-producing county. The amount of each county's provisional share is derived by dividing the share computation base by the number of synthetic fuel-producing counties in this state during the fiscal year. The share computation base is the sum of: (A) Net revenues deposited in the synthetic fuel-producing counties grant fund for the fiscal year; and (B) any amounts repooled for the fiscal year into the synthetic fuel-producing counties grant fund under this section; less (C) the amount dedicated and allotted to the director of the Development Office under this section for administration of the synthetic fuel-producing counties grant program. A county shall be counted as a synthetic fuel-producing county only if a synthetic fuel-manufacturing plant actively produced synthetic fuel in the county during the fiscal year.
(6) "Synthetic fuel manufactured or produced from coal" or "synthetic fuel" means and includes, but is not limited to, any fuel that is made or formed into a briquette, fragment, sheet, flake or other solid form by combining a binder or binding substance with coal dust, coal fines, crushed coal, pulverized coal, stoker fines, waste coal, coal or material derived from slurry ponds, coal or material derived from gob piles or any combination of the aforementioned materials without regard to whether any federal tax credit is, or would have been, available for or with relation to the production of such fuel. The term "synthetic fuel manufactured or produced from coal" or "synthetic fuel" also means, but is not limited to, fuel manufactured or produced from coal for which credit is allowable for federal income tax purposes under section twenty-nine of the United States Internal Revenue Code, as in effect on January 1, 2001, or for which credit would have been allowable if the synthetic fuel was produced from a facility, or expansion of a facility, that meets the requirement of section twenty-nine of the Internal Revenue Code or would have met the requirements on January 1, 2001, notwithstanding that such facility or expansion of a facility may have been placed in service either prior to or subsequent to January 1, 2001. "Synthetic fuel" does not include coke or coke gas.
(7) "Synthetic fuel-producing county" means a county of this state in which a synthetic fuel-manufacturing plant is physically located that actively produces synthetic fuel during the fiscal year. For purposes of determining whether a county is a synthetic fuel-producing county, the location of the synthetic fuel-manufacturing company headquarters, the state of incorporation or organization of the company or the location of any managerial office or facility or other office or facility of the company, other than the synthetic fuel-manufacturing plant, and the physical location where the coal or other material used in synthetic fuel manufacturing is extracted from the earth shall not be determinative of the designation of a county as a synthetic fuel-producing county.
(8) "Synthetic fuel-nonproducing county" means any county of this state other than a synthetic fuel-producing county.
(9) "Ton" means two thousand pounds.
(10) "Director of the Development Office" or "director" means the director of the West Virginia Development Office created and continued under article two, chapter five-b of this code.
(c) Credits not allowed against tax. -- When determining the amount of tax due under this section, no credit shall be allowed under section three-c or three-d of this article or under any other article of this chapter or any other chapter of this code unless it is expressly provided that the credit applies to the business and occupation tax on the privilege of manufacturing or producing synthetic fuel.
(d) Emergency rule authorized. -- The Tax Commissioner may, in the commissioner's discretion, promulgate an emergency rule as provided in article three, chapter twenty-nine-a of this code that clarifies, explains or implements the provisions of this section.
(e) Dedication and distribution of proceeds, creation of funds. -–
(1) The first $4 million of the net amount of tax collected during each fiscal year for exercise of the privilege taxed under this section shall be deposited into the Mining and Reclamation Operations Fund created in the state Treasury by section thirty-two, article three, chapter twenty-two of this code.
(2) There is hereby created a fund in the state Treasury entitled the Synthetic Fuel-Producing Counties Grant Fund which shall be a revolving fund that shall carry over each fiscal year. The net amount of tax collected for exercise of the privilege taxed under this section in excess of the first $4 million during each fiscal year, not to exceed $2,060,000, shall be deposited in the Synthetic Fuel-Producing Counties Grant Fund. Moneys in the Synthetic Fuel-Producing Counties Grant Fund in excess of moneys allocated to the director of the Development Office shall be dedicated to and distributed among the synthetic fuel-producing counties under the Synthetic Fuel-Producing Counties Grant Program as provided in this section. The county commission of a synthetic fuel-producing county shall use ninety percent of the funds distributed to the county out of the Synthetic Fuel-Producing Counties Grant Fund for infrastructure improvement and ten percent of the funds distributed to the county out of the Synthetic Fuel-Producing Counties Grant Fund for economic development.
(3) There is hereby created in the state Treasury a fund entitled the synthetic fuel-nonproducing counties fund which shall be a revolving fund that shall carry over each fiscal year. The net amount of tax collected for exercise of the privilege taxed under this section in excess of the first $6,060,000 during each fiscal year, not to exceed $2,000,000, shall be deposited in the synthetic fuel-nonproducing counties fund and equally divided and distributed among the synthetic fuel-nonproducing counties. The county commission of a synthetic fuel-nonproducing county shall first use such moneys for Regional Jail and Correctional Facility Authority and county jail expenses, and shall use any remainder for such lawful public purposes as the county commission may prescribe.
(4) The net amount of the tax collected in excess of $8,060,000 during each fiscal year shall be dedicated to the General Revenue Fund.
(5) The office of chief inspector shall annually determine that a county's expenditures of moneys distributed under this section is in compliance with the requirements of this section.
(6) For purposes of this subsection, "net amount of tax collected" means the gross amount of tax collected under this section less allowed refunds and credits.
(f) Administration of the Synthetic Fuel-Producing Counties Grant Program. --
(1) The Director of the Development Office is hereby authorized and empowered to administer the distribution of moneys in the Synthetic Fuel-Producing Counties Grant Fund.
(A) On or before the plan submission due date prescribed by the Director of the Development Office, the county commission of each synthetic fuel-producing county may annually, or with such frequency as may be prescribed by the Director of the Development Office, submit a plan to the Director of the Development Office for use of the county's provisional share of the synthetic fuel-producing counties grant fund.
(B) A grant of moneys out of the Synthetic Fuel-Producing Counties Grant Fund shall only be distributed to a synthetic fuel-producing county or encumbered for the use of a synthetic fuel-producing county after approval by the Director of the Development Office of the plan for use of the county's provisional share of the fund, submitted to the Director of the Development Office by the county commission. The Director of the Development Office shall approve the synthetic fuel-producing county's plan for use if the plan for use reasonably conforms to the requirements of this section and the rules promulgated with relation thereto.
(C) If the county's plan is approved, the Director of the Development Office may authorize a grant of money out of the Synthetic Fuel-Producing Counties Grant Fund to the county to be used by the county as specified in the approved plan for use.
(D) The Director of the Development Office may authorize distribution of any amount encumbered for the use of the county and carried over from a prior period in accordance with applicable plans for use previously approved.
(E) The Director of the Development Office may authorize encumbrances for any synthetic fuel-producing county of moneys in the Synthetic Fuel-Producing Counties Grant Fund, up to the amount of the county's provisional share for the fiscal year, for one or more qualified uses specified in the county's plan for use if the county's approved plan for use of the moneys sets forth a qualified use for the county's provisional share over a period of several fiscal years or a qualified use of the moneys calling for accumulation and distribution to the county in one or more subsequent fiscal years. Encumbered funds may carry over to succeeding fiscal years and may be used to accumulate reserves over a period of time for use by the county.
(F) In no case may an amount distributed to a synthetic fuel-producing county exceed the amount of a county's provisional share for the fiscal year plus the amount of moneys encumbered in the fund for the use of the particular county and carried over from a prior period.
(2) The Director of the Development Office may approve distributions of a county's provisional share of the Synthetic Fuel-Producing Counties Grant Fund for use as the county's share for state or federal matching funds programs so long as, in the aggregate, ninety percent of the funds distributed to the county out of the Synthetic Fuel-Producing Counties Grant Fund are used for infrastructure improvement and ten percent of the funds distributed to the county out of the Synthetic Fuel-Producing Counties Grant Fund are used for economic development: Provided, That no county may use any amount distributed out of the Synthetic Fuel-Producing Counties Grant Fund as money to be matched under the funds matching program authorized by subsection (b), section three, article two, chapter five-b of this code.
(3) Repooling. -–
(A) Any synthetic fuel-producing county that has failed to have its plan, or amended and resubmitted plan or plans, approved by the Director of the Development Office for a period of eighteen months immediately subsequent to the initial plan submission date shall lose its entitlement to the provisional share of revenues deposited in the fund and attributable to the fiscal year to which that plan relates and the provisional share that would have been attributable to that county for that fiscal year shall be pooled with all other receipts in the Synthetic Fuel-Producing Counties Grant Fund attributable to revenues for the fiscal year during which the eighteen-month period ends and shall then be reallocated equally to all synthetic fuel-producing counties as part of the provisional share of each, as if the repooled moneys were tax revenues deposited into the fund during the fiscal year in which the eighteen-month period ended. For purposes of this subsection, the "initial plan submission date" means the earlier of: (i) The required submission date, as prescribed by the Director of the Development Office, for the initial plan for use of the county's provisional share of the Synthetic Fuel-Producing Counties Grant Fund for the fiscal year, with such extensions of time to file as may be authorized under rules promulgated by the Director of the Development Office; or (ii) the actual date of submission of the initial plan for the fiscal year. For purposes of this subsection, the term "initial plan" means the first plan for use that was submitted, or that should have been submitted, by a county for the fiscal year, before the submission of any amended, revised or resubmitted plan by the county for that fiscal year.
(B) Any synthetic fuel-producing county which fails to timely submit a plan for use of its provisional share of the Synthetic Fuel-Producing Counties Grant Fund, with such extensions of time to file as may be authorized under rules promulgated by the Director of the Development Office, shall lose its entitlement to its provisional share of revenues deposited in the fund and attributable to that fiscal year and the provisional share that would have been attributable to that county for that year shall be pooled with all other receipts in the Synthetic Fuel-Producing Counties Grant Fund attributable to revenues for the fiscal year and shall be reallocated equally among the remaining synthetic fuel-producing counties other than the county or counties that have failed to timely file the plan for use and shall be made available for distribution to those remaining counties, as part of their provisional share for the fiscal year.
(C) Funds encumbered pursuant to approval of the Director of the Development Office under this subsection shall not be subject to repooling: Provided, That if the Director of the Development Office determines that moneys previously distributed to a county out of the Synthetic Fuel-Producing Counties Grant Fund have not been used as required under the approved plan for the county or determines that previously distributed moneys derived from encumbered funds have not been used for the qualified purpose for which the encumbrance was originally approved or if there appears to be a reasonable probability that encumbered funds will not be used for that qualified purpose, the Director of the Development Office may revoke the encumbrance of any funds of that synthetic fuel-producing county remaining in the fund and repool the funds so encumbered for reallocation to all synthetic fuel-producing counties. The Director of the Development Office may, in the director's discretion, give the county an opportunity to cure the nonqualified use of moneys derived from the Synthetic Fuel-Producing Counties Grant Fund or to submit an alternative plan for use of the encumbered funds which may be approved by the director if that plan complies with the requirements of this section.
(g) Promulgation of rules by the director of the Development Office authorized. -– The Director of the Development Office, in his or her discretion, may promulgate an emergency rule as provided in article three, chapter twenty-nine-a of this code that clarifies, explains or implements the Synthetic Fuel-Producing Counties Grant Program, distribution of moneys out of or encumbrance of moneys in the Synthetic Fuel-Producing Counties Grant Fund. The Director of the Development Office is hereby granted continuing authority to promulgate in accordance with article three, chapter twenty-nine-a of this code such interpretive, legislative or procedural rules, or any combination thereof, for administration of the Synthetic Fuel-Producing Counties Grant Program as the Director of the Development Office may find necessary and appropriate. The director of the Development Office may prescribe criteria for qualification under the infrastructure improvement use requirement and the economic development requirement of this section.
(h) There is hereby dedicated and allocated to the West Virginia Development Office $60,000 annually for administration of the Synthetic Fuel-Producing Counties Grant Program under this section. $60,000 shall be paid out of the Synthetic Fuel-Producing Counties Grant Fund to the director of the Development Office each fiscal year for administration of the Synthetic Fuel-Producing Counties Grant Program.
(i) Effective date. -–
(1) This section as enacted in the year 2000 took effect upon enactment. The measure of tax shall include all synthetic fuel sold or shipped after January 1, 2001, regardless of when the synthetic fuel was manufactured or produced in this state.
(2) Amendments to this section enacted during the fifth extraordinary session of the Legislature in the year 2001 shall have retroactive effect to January 1, 2001, and the measure of tax shall include all synthetic fuel sold or shipped after January 1, 2001, regardless of when the synthetic fuel was manufactured or produced in this state.
(a) Upon every person engaging or continuing within this state in the business of generating or producing electric power for sale, profit or commercial use, either directly or through the activity of others, in whole or in part, when the sale thereof is not subject to tax under section two-d of this article, the amount of the tax to be equal to the value of the electric power, as shown by the gross proceeds derived from the sale thereof by the generator or producer of the same multiplied by a rate of four percent, except that the rate shall be two percent on that portion of the gross proceeds derived from the sale of electric power to a plant location of a customer engaged in a manufacturing activity, if the contract demand at such plant location exceeds two hundred thousand kilowatts per hour per year, or if the usage at such plant location exceeds two hundred thousand kilowatts per hour in a year.
(b) The measure of this tax shall be the value of all electric power generated or produced in this state for sale, profit or commercial use, regardless of the place of sale or the fact that transmission may be to points outside this state: Provided, That the gross income received by municipally owned plants generating or producing electricity shall not be subject to tax under this article.
(c) Beginning March 1, 1989, every person taxable under this section shall determine their liability for payment of tax under this section and under subdivision (3), subsection (a), section two-d of this article and section two-n of this article. If for taxable months beginning on or after March 1, 1989 such person's liability for payment of tax under this section and subdivision (3), subsection (a), section two-d of this article is less than the amount of such person's liability for payment of tax under section two-n of this article, then such person shall pay the tax due under section two-n and not the sum of the amount of tax due under this section and under subdivision (3), subsection (a), section two-d of this article. If the tax due under section two-n of this article is less, then the amount of tax due under this section and subdivision (3), subsection (a), section two-d of this article shall be paid. The provisions of this section shall expire and become null and void for taxable years beginning on or after January 1, 1998.
(d) Beginning June 1, 1995, electric light and power companies that actually paid tax based on the provisions of subdivision (3), subsection (a), section two-d of this article or this section for every taxable month in 1994 shall determine their liability for payment of tax under this article in accordance with subdivision (1) of this subsection. All other electric light and power companies shall determine their liability for payment of tax under this article exclusively under section two-o of this article.
(1) If for taxable months beginning on or after June 1, 1995, liability for tax under section two-o of this article is equal to or greater than the sum of the power company's liability for payment of tax under subdivision (3), subsection (a), section two-d of this article and this section, then the company shall pay the tax due under section two-o of this article and not the tax due under subdivision (3), subsection (a), section two-d of this article and this section. If tax liability under section two-o is less, then the tax shall be paid under subdivision (3), subsection (a), section two-d of this article and this section and the tax due under section two-o shall not be paid.
(2) The provisions of this section shall expire and become null and void for taxable years beginning on or after January 1, 1998. Notwithstanding this subsection or any other provision of this chapter to the contrary, an electric light and power company that generates and produces power in this state shall continue to be deemed to be an "industrial taxpayer" for purposes of subdivision (8), subsection (b), section two, article thirteen-d of this chapter, and gross income of an electric light and power company from the generation and production of power in this state and sales and demand charges for electric power sold in this state shall continue to be deemed "gross income of the business subject to tax under article thirteen of this chapter" for purposes of subsection (b), section seventeen, article twenty-three of this chapter all to the extent of and in accordance with the law in effect immediately preceding the effective date of this section as amended in 1995.
(a) Rate of tax. -- Upon every person engaging or continuing within this state in the business of generating or producing electricity for sale, profit or commercial use, either directly or indirectly through the activity of others, in whole or in part, or in the business of selling electricity to consumers, or in both businesses, the tax imposed by section two of this article shall be equal to:
(1) Twenty-six hundredths of one cent times the kilowatt hours of net generation available for sale that was generated or produced in this state by the taxpayer during the taxable year, except that this rate shall be five hundredths of one cent times the kilowatt hours of net generation available for sale that was generated or produced in this state by the taxpayer and sold to a plant location of a customer engaged in manufacturing activity if the contract demand at such plant location exceeds two hundred thousand kilowatts per hour per year or if the usage at such plant location exceeds two hundred thousand kilowatts per hour in a year: Provided, That in order to encourage the development of industry to improve the environment of this state, the tax imposed by this section on any person generating or producing electric power and an alternative form of energy at a facility located within this state substantially from gob or other mine refuse shall be equal to five hundredths of one cent times the kilowatt hours of net generation or production available for sale. The measure of tax under this paragraph shall be equal to the total kilowatt hours of net generation available for sale that was generated or produced in this state by the taxpayer during the taxable year, regardless of the place of sale or use, or the fact that transmission may be made to points outside this state.
(2) Nineteen hundredths of one cent times the kilowatt hours of electricity sold to consumers in this state that were not generated or produced in this state by the taxpayer, except that the rate shall be five hundredths of one cent times the kilowatt hours of electricity not generated or produced in this state by the taxpayer which is sold to a plant location in this state of a customer engaged in manufacturing activity if the contract demand at such plant location exceeds two hundred thousand kilowatts per hour per year or if the usage at such plant location exceeds two hundred thousand kilowatts per hour in a year. The measure of tax under this paragraph shall be equal to the total kilowatt hours of electricity sold to consumers in this state during the taxable year, that were not generated or produced in this state by the taxpayer, to be determined by subtracting from the total kilowatt hours of electricity sold to consumers in the state the net kilowatt hours of electricity generated or produced in the state by the taxpayer during the taxable year.
The West Virginia Public Service Commission shall, upon application of a public utility, allow an immediate pass-through to the utility's customers in this state in the form of a rate surcharge the increase enacted by the Legislature during its third extraordinary session, 1990, in the tax imposed by this article upon electricity generated or produced in this state and sold to consumers in this state and upon electricity not generated or produced in this state that is sold to consumers in this state.
(b) Exemptions. -- The provisions of this section shall not apply to:
(1) Kilowatt hours of electricity generated and sold, or purchased and resold, by a municipally owned plant.
(2) Kilowatt hours of electric power that are separately metered and consumed in an electrolytic process for the manufacture of chlorine.
(3) Kilowatt hours of electric power that are separately metered and consumed in the manufacture of ferroalloy. As used in this paragraph, the term "ferroalloy" means any of the various alloys of iron and one or more other elements used as a raw material in the production of steel but shall not include electric power used in the production of steel.
(4) The full economic benefits provided to the taxpayer by subdivisions (2) and (3) of this subsection shall be passed on to the manufacturer of the chlorine or ferroalloy.
(c) Credit. -- Any person taxable under subdivision (2), subsection (a) of this section shall be allowed a credit against the amount of tax due under that paragraph for any electric power generation taxes paid by the taxpayer with respect to such electric power to the state in which such power was generated or produced. The amount of credit allowed shall not exceed the tax liability arising under subdivision (2), subsection (a) of this section with respect to the sale of such power.
(d) Transition rule. -- Beginning March 1, 1989, electric light and power companies shall determine their liability for payment of tax under this section and sections two-d and two-m of this article. If for taxable months beginning on or after March 1, 1989, liability for tax under section two-n of this article is equal to or greater than the sum of the power company's liability for payment of tax under subdivision (3), subsection (a), section two-d and section two-m of this article, then the company shall pay the tax due under section two-n of this article and not the tax due under subdivision (3), subsection (a) of section two-d and section two-m of this article. If tax liability under section two-n is less, then tax shall be paid under paragraph (3), subsection (a), section two-d and section two-m of this article and the tax due under section two-n shall not be paid. The provisions of this subsection (d) shall expire and become null and void for taxable years beginning on or after January 1, 1998.
(e) Effective date. -- The amendments to this section made in the year 1990 shall take effect on October 1, 1990: Provided, That as to calendar months ending before such date, the tax rates specified in this section, as then in effect shall be fully and completely preserved.
(f) Beginning June 1, 1995 and thereafter, electric light and power companies shall not determine their tax liability under this section.
(a) Definitions. -- As used in this section:
(1) "Average four-year generation" is computed by dividing by four the sum of a generating unit's net generation, expressed in kilowatt hours, for calendar years 1991, 1992, 1993 and 1994. For any generating unit which was newly installed and placed into commercial operation after January 1, 1991, and prior to the effective date of this section, "average four-year generation" is computed by dividing the unit's net generation for the period beginning with the month in which the unit was placed into commercial operation and ending with the month preceding the effective date of this section by the number of months in the period and multiplying the resulting amount by twelve with the result being a representative twelve-month average of the unit's net generation while in an operational status.
(2) "Capacity factor" means a fraction, the numerator of which is average four-year generation and the denominator of which is the maximum possible annual generation.
(3) "Generating unit" means a mechanical apparatus or structure which through the operation of its component parts is capable of generating or producing electricity and is regularly used for this purpose.
(4) "Inactive reserve" means the removal of a generating unit from commercial service for a period of not less than twelve consecutive months as a result of lack of need for generation from the generating unit or as a result of the requirements of state or federal law or the removal of a generating unit from commercial service for any period as a result of any physical exigency which is beyond the reasonable control of the taxpayer.
(5) "Maximum possible annual generation" means the product, expressed in kilowatt hours, of official capability times eight thousand seven hundred sixty hours.
(6) "Official capability" means the nameplate capacity rating of a generating unit expressed in kilowatts.
(7) "Peaking unit" means a generating unit designed for the limited purpose of meeting peak demands for electricity or filling emergency electricity requirements.
(8) "Retired from service" means the removal of a generating unit from commercial service for a period of at least twelve consecutive months with the intent that the unit will not thereafter be returned to active service.
(9) "Taxable generating capacity" means the product, expressed in kilowatts, of the capacity factor times the official capability of a generating unit, subject to the modifications set forth in subdivisions (2) and (3), subsection (c) of this section.
(10) "Net generation" for a period means the kilowatt hours of net generation available for sale generated or produced by the generating unit in this state during the period less the following:
(A) Twenty-one twenty-sixths of the kilowatt hours of electricity generated at the generating unit and sold during the period to a plant location of a customer engaged in manufacturing activity if the contract demand at the plant location exceeds two hundred thousand kilowatts per hour in a year or where the usage at the plant location exceeds two hundred thousand kilowatts per hour in a year;
(B) Twenty-one twenty-sixths of the kilowatt hours of electricity produced or generated at the generating unit during the period by any person producing electric power and an alternative form of energy at a facility located in this state substantially from gob or other mine refuse;
(C) The total kilowatt hours of electricity generated at the generating unit exempted from tax during the period by subsection (b), section two-n of this article.
(b) Rate of tax. -- Upon every person engaging or continuing within this state in the business of generating or producing electricity for sale, profit or commercial use, either directly or indirectly through the activity of others, in whole or in part, or in the business of selling electricity to consumers, or in both businesses, the tax imposed by section two of this article shall be equal to:
(1) For taxpayers who generate or produce electricity for sale, profit or commercial use, the product of $22.78 multiplied by the taxable generating capacity of each generating unit in this state owned or leased by the taxpayer, subject to the modifications set forth in subsection (c) of this section: Provided, That with respect to each generating unit in this state which has installed a flue gas desulfurization system, the tax imposed by section two of this article shall, on and after January 31, 1996, be equal to the product of $20.70 multiplied by the taxable generating capacity of the units, subject to the modifications set forth in subsection (c) of this section: Provided, however, That with respect to kilowatt hours sold to or used by a plant location engaged in manufacturing activity in which the contract demand at the plant location exceeds two hundred thousand kilowatts per hour per year or if the usage at the plant location exceeds two hundred thousand kilowatts per hour in a year, in no event shall the tax imposed by this article with respect to the sale or use of the electricity exceed five hundredths of 1¢ times the kilowatt hours sold to or used by a plant engaged in a manufacturing activity; and
(2) For taxpayers who sell electricity to consumers in this state that is not generated or produced in this state by the taxpayer, nineteen hundredths of 1¢ times the kilowatt hours of electricity sold to consumers in this state that were not generated or produced in this state by the taxpayer, except that the rate shall be five hundredths of 1¢ times the kilowatt hours of electricity not generated or produced in this state by the taxpayer which is sold to a plant location in this state of a customer engaged in manufacturing activity if the contract demand at such plant location exceeds two hundred thousand kilowatts per hour per year or if the usage at such plant location exceeds two hundred thousand kilowatts per hour in a year. The measure of tax under this subdivision shall be equal to the total kilowatt hours of electricity sold to consumers in the state during the taxable year, that were not generated or produced in this state by the taxpayer, to be determined by subtracting from the total kilowatt hours of electricity sold to consumers in the state the net kilowatt hours of electricity generated or produced in the state by the taxpayer during the taxable year. For the purposes of this subdivision, net kilowatt hours of electricity generated or produced in this state by the taxpayer includes the taxpayer's pro rata share of electricity generated or produced in this state by a partnership or limited liability company of which the taxpayer is a partner or member. The provisions of this subdivision shall not apply to those kilowatt hours exempt under subsection (b), section two-n of this article. Any person taxable under this subdivision shall be allowed a credit against the amount of tax due under this subdivision for any electric power generation taxes or a tax similar to the tax imposed by subdivision (1) of this subsection paid by the taxpayer with respect to the electric power to the state in which the power was generated or produced. The amount of credit allowed may not exceed the tax liability arising under this subdivision with respect to the sale of the power.
(c) The following provisions are applicable to taxpayers subject to tax under subdivision (1), subsection (b) of this section:
(1) Retired units; inactive reserve. -- If a generating unit is retired from service or placed in inactive reserve, a taxpayer may not be liable for tax computed with respect to the taxable generating capacity of the unit for the period that the unit is inactive or retired. The taxpayer shall provide written notice to the Joint Committee on Government and Finance, as well as to any other entity as may be otherwise provided by law, eighteen months prior to retiring any generating unit from service in this state.
(2) New generating units. -- If a new generating unit, other than a peaking unit, is placed in initial service on or after the effective date of this section, the generating unit's taxable generating capacity shall equal forty percent of the official capability of the unit: Provided, That the taxable generating capacity of a county- or municipally owned generating unit shall equal zero percent of the official capability of the unit and for taxable periods ending on or before December 31, 2007, the taxable generating capacity of a generating unit utilizing a turbine powered primarily by wind shall equal five percent of the official capability of the unit: Provided further, That for taxable periods beginning on or after January 1, 2008, the taxable generating capacity of a generating unit utilizing a turbine powered primarily by wind shall equal twelve percent of the official capability of the unit.
(3) Peaking units. -- If a peaking unit is placed in initial service on or after the effective date of this section, the generating unit's taxable generating capacity shall equal five percent of the official capability of the unit: Provided, That the taxable generating capacity of a county- or municipally owned generating plant shall equal zero percent of the official capability of the unit.
(4) Transfers of interests in generating units. -- If a taxpayer acquires an interest in a generating unit, the taxpayer shall include the computation of taxable generating capacity of the unit in the determination of the taxpayer's tax liability as of the date of the acquisition. Conversely, if a taxpayer transfers an interest in a generating unit, the taxpayer may not for periods thereafter be liable for tax computed with respect to the taxable generating capacity of the transferred unit.
(5) Proration, allocation. -- The Tax Commissioner shall promulgate rules in conformity with the provisions of article three, chapter twenty-nine-a of this code to provide for the administration of this section and to equitably prorate taxes for a taxable year in which a generating unit is first placed in service, retired or placed in inactive reserve, or in which a taxpayer acquires or transfers an interest in a generating unit, to equitably allocate and reallocate adjustments to net generation, and to equitably allocate taxes among multiple taxpayers with interests in a single generating unit, it being the intent of the Legislature to prohibit multiple taxation of the same taxable generating capacity.
So as to provide for an orderly transition with respect to the rate making effect of this section, those electric light and power companies which, as of the effective date of this section, are permitted by the West Virginia Public Service Commission to utilize deferred accounting for purposes of recovery from ratepayers of any portion of business and occupation tax expense under this article shall be permitted, until the time that action pursuant to a rate application or order of the commission provides for appropriate alternative rate-making treatment for such expense, to recover the tax expense imposed by this section by means of deferred accounting to the extent that the tax expense imposed by this section exceeds the level of business and occupation tax under this article currently allowed in rates.
(6) Electricity generated by manufacturer or affiliate for use in manufacturing activity. -- When electricity used in a manufacturing activity is generated in this state by the person who owns the manufacturing facility in which the electricity is used and the electricity-generating unit or units producing the electricity so used are owned by the manufacturer, or by a member of the manufacturer's controlled group, as defined in Section 267 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, the generation of the electricity may not be taxable under this article: Provided, That any electricity generated or produced at the generating unit or units which is sold or used for purposes other than in the manufacturing activity shall be taxed under this section and the amount of tax payable shall be adjusted to be equal to an amount which is proportional to the electricity sold for purposes other than the manufacturing activity. The Department of Revenue shall promulgate rules in accordance with article three, chapter twenty-nine-a of this code: Provided, however, That the rules shall be promulgated as emergency rules.
(d) Beginning June 1, 1995, electric light and power companies that actually paid tax based on the provisions of subdivision (3), subsection (a), section two-d of this article or section two-m of this article for every taxable month in 1994 shall determine their liability for payment of tax under this article in accordance with subdivisions (1) and (2) of this subsection. All other electric light and power companies shall determine their liability for payment of tax under this article exclusively under this section beginning June 1, 1995, and thereafter.
(1) If for taxable months beginning on or after June 1, 1995, liability for tax under this section is equal to or greater than the sum of the power company's liability for payment of tax under subdivision (3), subsection (a), section two-d of this article and this section, then the company shall pay the tax due under this section and not the tax due under subdivision (3), subsection (a), section two-d of this article and section two-m of this article. If tax liability under this section is less then the tax shall be paid under subdivision (3), subsection (a), section two-d of this article and section two-m of this article and the tax due under this section may not be paid.
(2) Notwithstanding subdivision (1) of this subsection, for taxable years beginning on or after January 1, 1998, all electric and light power companies shall determine their liability for payment of tax under this article exclusively under this section.
(a) For taxable periods beginning on or after January 1, 2008, a credit shall be allowed against tax imposed by this article and calculated based on the taxable generating capacity of a generating unit utilizing a turbine powered primarily by wind. The total credit shall be equal to the amount of qualified contractually agreed contributions as defined in this section. The amount of total credit shall be reduced each year by the amount of credit annually applied to reduce tax under this section.
(1) "Qualified contractually agreed contribution" means money paid, or the lower of the cost or fair market value, at the time of transfer, of property transferred, by the taxpayer, the owner of the taxpayer or the operator or owner of the wind turbine unit to a county in which the wind turbine unit is located, a county school board of the county in which the wind turbine unit is located or to a municipality located in the county in which the wind turbine unit is located pursuant to a written transfer agreement.
(A) The term "qualified contractually agreed contribution" does not include any payment in lieu of taxes or any tax, fee or levy paid to any county, county school board or municipality or to any other governmental subdivision, agency or instrumentality of this state or of any county or municipality.
(B) The term "qualified contractually agreed contribution" does not include any payment in lieu of taxes or any tax, fee or levy paid to any county, county school board or municipality or to any other governmental subdivision, agency or instrumentality of any state other than this state or of any county or municipality of any state other than this state.
(C) The term "qualified contractually agreed contribution" does not include any payment in lieu of taxes or any tax, fee or levy paid to the United States or to any governmental subdivision of the United States or to any agency or instrumentality of the United States or to any foreign government or subdivision, agency or instrumentality thereof.
(2) "Taxpayer" means any person that is legally liable for tax imposed by this article that is calculated based on the taxable generating capacity of a generating unit utilizing a turbine powered primarily by wind.
(3) "Wind turbine unit" means, and is limited to, an electricity-generating unit utilizing a turbine powered primarily by wind that has a taxable generating capacity determined in accordance with subdivision (2), subsection (c), section two-o of this article.
(4) "Written transfer agreement" means a written contract or written promise to transfer money or property to a county in which the wind turbine unit is located, a county school board of the county in which the wind turbine unit is located or a municipality located in the county in which the wind turbine unit is located, executed not later than March 1, 2007, by the taxpayer, the owner of the taxpayer or the operator or owner of the wind turbine unit and executed by the county commission of the county in which the wind turbine unit is located or by any officer or representative of the county commission having authority to execute binding legal documents for the county commission, the county school board of the county in which the wind turbine unit is located or any officer or representative of the county school board having authority to execute binding legal documents for the county school board, or the city council, mayor or city manager of a municipality located in the county in which the wind turbine unit is located or any officer or representative of the municipality having authority to execute binding legal documents for the municipality.
(c) Credit limitations. –-
(1) The total amount of credit allowable under this section is limited to the amount of qualified contractually agreed contributions made pursuant to a written transfer agreement.
(2) The credit allowed under this section may only be applied to offset annual tax imposed by this article that is measured by the taxable generating capacity of the wind turbine unit. No other tax imposed by or under this article may be offset by the credit allowed under this section and no other tax imposed by this code may be offset by the credit.
(3) The credit allowed under this section shall be applied after application of the credit allowed under article thirteen-d of this chapter, as applicable, and after any other applicable credits allowed by this chapter against tax imposed by this article.
(4) The amount of credit allowed under this section and the amount of the credit allowed under article thirteen-d of this chapter may not, in combination, reduce the amount of annual tax imposed by this article on the taxable generating capacity of the wind turbine unit to an amount that is less than fifty percent of the amount of annual tax that would have been imposed by this article on the wind turbine unit if the taxable generating capacity of the wind turbine unit was set at five percent of the official capacity of the wind turbine unit.
(d) Time over which credit may be applied. –-
(1) The total amount of credit determined under subsection (a) of this section shall be reduced annually by the amount of credit applied in each tax year to offset tax under this section.
(2) The credit allowed under this section may be applied annually, beginning on the later of:
(A) The year a qualified contractually agreed contribution in money was paid or a qualified contractually agreed contribution in property was delivered to the county, the county school board or the municipality; or
(B) The year in which title thereto irrevocably passed to the transferee;
(3) The credit may thereafter be taken in each succeeding tax year until the amount of total credit has been exhausted or until the ninth succeeding tax year after the contractually agreed contribution of money was so paid or the contractually agreed contribution of property was so delivered. Credit remaining after the ninth succeeding tax year is forfeited.
(4) Credit to which a taxpayer is entitled under this section shall be applied in an order and sequence such that the credit earned earliest in time shall be applied first in any tax year to offset tax under this section.
(e) Credit for successor businesses and transferees of a wind turbine unit; apportionment. --
(1) Mere change in form of business. -– The credit allowed under this section shall not be forfeited by reason of a mere change in the form of the entity or organization that is conducting the business so long as the successor business continues to remain a taxpayer, as defined in this section, in this state, operating the wind turbine unit that was originally owned or operated by the predecessor taxpayer. Such successor shall acquire the amount of credit that remains available under this section for each subsequent taxable year until the credit expires or is exhausted, based on the years remaining and amount of credit remaining to which the transferor was entitled at the time of the transfer.
(2) Transfer or sale to successor. –- The credit allowed under this section shall not be forfeited by reason of a transfer or sale to a successor business of a wind turbine unit so long as the successor business continues to remain a taxpayer, as defined in this section, in this state, operating the wind turbine unit that was originally owned or operated by the predecessor taxpayer. Upon transfer or sale of a wind turbine unit, the successor shall acquire the amount of credit that remains available under this section for each subsequent taxable year until the credit expires or is exhausted, based on the years remaining and amount of credit remaining to which the transferor was entitled at the time of the transfer.
(3) Apportionment in the year of transfer. –- Upon transfer or sale, the successor shall acquire the amount of credit that remains available under this section for each taxable year subsequent to the taxable year of the transferor during which the transfer occurred and, for the year of transfer, an amount of annual credit for the year in the same proportion as the number of days remaining in the transferor's taxable year bears to the total number of days in the transferor's taxable year.
(a) Monthly exemption. –- For any tax imposed under the provisions of this article with respect to any period beginning on or after July 1, 1985, there is an exemption in every case of $41.67 per month in amount of tax computed under the provisions of this article. Only one exemption is allowed to any one person, whether the person exercises one or more privileges taxable hereunder.
(b) Exemptions from tax. –- The provisions of this article do not apply to:
(1) Insurance companies which pay the State of West Virginia a tax upon premiums: Provided, That the exemption does not extend to that part of the gross income of insurance companies which is received for the use of real property, other than property in which any company maintains its office or offices, in this state, whether the income is in the form of rentals or royalties;
(2) Nonprofit cemetery companies organized and operated for the exclusive benefit of their members;
(3) Fraternal societies, organizations and associations organized and operated for the exclusive benefit of their members and not for profit: Provided, That the exemption does not extend to that part of the gross income arising from the sale of alcoholic liquor, food and related services of fraternal societies, organizations and associations which are licensed as private clubs under the provisions of article seven, chapter sixty of this code;
(4) Corporations, associations and societies organized and operated exclusively for religious or charitable purposes and production credit associations, organized under the provisions of the federal Farm Credit Act of 1933;
(5) Any credit union organized under the provisions of chapter thirty-one of this code or any other chapter of this code: Provided, That the exemptions of this section do not apply to corporations or cooperative associations organized under the provisions of article four, chapter nineteen of this code;
(6) Gross income derived from advertising service rendered in the business of radio and television broadcasting;
(7) Gross income of a nonprofit homeowners' association received from assessments on its members for community services such as road maintenance, common area maintenance, water service, sewage service and security service; and
(8) Nonprofit water and sewer companies governed by the Public Service Commission of West Virginia and organized and operated for the exclusive benefit of their members.
(a) General rule. -- There shall be allowed as a deduction from gross income reportable under section two-b of this article, for the taxable year, the amount of qualified contribution to an employee stock ownership plan made during the taxable year, for any period beginning after June 30, 1983.
(b) Definitions. -- For purposes of this section the term:
(1) "Employee stock ownership plan" means a plan as defined in paragraph (7), subsection (e), section 4975 of the Internal Revenue Code.
(2) "Internal Revenue Code" means the Internal Revenue Code of 1954, as amended, which is codified as Title 26 of the United States Code.
(3) "Qualified contribution" means the amount of employer contributions during the taxable year to an employee stock ownership plan, which are deductible by the corporation for federal income tax purposes under paragraph (10), subsection (a), section 404 of the Internal Revenue Code, and which do not exceed the amount allowable under paragraph (6), subsection (c), section 415 of the Internal Revenue Code.
When used in this section, the phrase "normal tax" means the tax computed by the application of rates against values or gross income as set forth in sections two-a to two-m, inclusive, in this article, less the amount of the annual exemption for the period actually engaged in business.
The normal tax shall be computed by the application of rates against values or gross income as set forth in sections two-a to two-m, inclusive, of this article, less the amount of the annual exemption allowed and determined under section three of this article.
The surtax shall be computed by the application of the surtax rate against gross income as set forth in section two-k of this article.
(a) There shall be allowed as a credit against the tax imposed by this article, the amount determined under article thirteen-c of this chapter, relating to tax credit for business investment and jobs expansion.
(b) The Tax Commissioner shall prescribe such regulations as he deems necessary to carry out the purposes of this section and article thirteen-c of this chapter.
(a) There shall be allowed as a credit against the tax imposed by this article, the amount determined under article thirteen-d of this chapter, relating to tax credit for industrial expansion and industrial revitalization, and eligible research and development projects.
(b) The Tax Commissioner shall prescribe such regulations as he deems necessary to carry out the purposes of this section and article thirteen-d of this chapter.
(c) Any tax credit to which an industrial taxpayer became entitled under section three-c of this article, before its repeal, shall be fully and completely preserved under the provision of this section, as amended, as if this section were in effect, at the time the qualifying investment was made.
(a) There shall be allowed as a credit against the tax imposed by this article, the amount determined under article thirteen-e of this chapter, relating to tax credit for new or expanded or revitalized coal loading facilities.
(b) The Tax Commissioner may prescribe such regulations as may be necessary to carry out the purposes of this section and article thirteen-e of this chapter.
(a) There shall be allowed as a credit against the tax imposed
by this article, the cost of providing electric or natural gas or water utility service, or any combination of electric, natural gas or water utility services, at reduced rates to qualified low-income residential customers which has not been reimbursed by any other means.
(b) The tax commissioner may prescribe such regulations as may be necessary to carry out the purposes of this section, of article thirteen-f of this chapter and of section eleven, article twenty-four of this chapter.
(a) There shall be allowed as a credit against the tax imposed by section two of this article, on the privilege taxable under section two-m of this article, the amount determined under article thirteen-h of this chapter, providing a credit for increased generation of electricity at electric power plants in this state which burn coal produced by miners who are residents of this state.
(b) The Tax Commissioner may prescribe such regulations as he deems necessary to carry out the purposes of this section and article thirteen-g of this chapter.
The taxes levied hereunder shall be due and payable as follows:
(a) For taxpayers whose estimated tax under this article exceeds $1,000 per month, the tax shall be due and payable in monthly installments on or before the last day of the month following the month in which the tax accrued. Each such taxpayer shall, on or before the last day of each month, make out an estimate of the tax for which he is liable for the preceding month, sign the same and mail it together with a remittance, in the form prescribed by the Tax Commissioner, of the amount of tax to the office of the commissioner: Provided, That the installment payment otherwise due under this subdivision on or before June 30 each year shall be remitted to the Tax Commissioner on or before June 15 each year, beginning June 15, 1988. In estimating the amount of tax due for each month, the taxpayer may deduct one twelfth of any applicable tax credits allowable for the taxable year and one twelfth of the total exemption allowed for such year.
(b) For taxpayers whose estimated tax under this article does not exceed $1,000 per month, the tax shall be due and payable in quarterly installments within one month from the expiration of each quarter in which the tax accrued. Each such taxpayer shall, within one month from the expiration of each quarter, make out an estimate of the tax for which he is liable for such quarter, sign the same and mail it together with a remittance, in the form prescribed by the Tax Commissioner, of the amount of tax to the office of the commissioner. In estimating the amount of tax due for each quarter, the taxpayer may deduct one fourth of any applicable tax credits allowable for the taxable year and one fourth of the total exemption allowed for such year.
(c) When the total tax for which any person is liable under this article does not exceed $2,000 in any year, the taxpayer may pay the same quarterly as aforesaid, or, with the consent in writing of the Tax Commissioner, at the end of the month next following the close of the tax year.
(d) The above provisions of this section notwithstanding, the Tax Commissioner, if he deems it necessary to ensure payment of the tax, may require the return and payment under this section for periods of shorter duration than those prescribed above.
On or before the expiration of one month after the end of the tax year, each taxpayer shall make a return for the entire tax year showing the gross proceeds of sales or gross income of business, trade or calling, and compute the amount of tax chargeable against him in accordance with the provisions of this article and deduct the amount of monthly or quarterly payments (as hereinbefore provided), if any, and transmit with his report a remittance in the form prescribed by the Tax Commissioner covering the residue of the tax chargeable against him to the office of the Tax Commissioner; such return shall be signed by the taxpayer if made by an individual, or by the president, vice president, secretary or treasurer of a corporation if made on behalf of a corporation. If made on behalf of a partnership, joint adventure, association, trust, or any other group or combination acting as a unit, any individual delegated by such firm, copartnership, joint adventure, association, trust or any other group or combination acting as a unit shall sign the return on behalf of the taxpayer. The Tax Commissioner, for good cause shown, may extend the time for making the annual return on the application of any taxpayer and grant such reasonable additional time within which to make the same as may, by him be deemed advisable.
Acts, 1978 Reg. Sess., Ch. 95.
(a) Taxable year. -- For purposes of the tax imposed by this article, a taxpayer's taxable year shall be the same as the taxpayer's taxable year for federal income tax purposes.
(b) Method of accounting. -- A taxpayer's method of accounting under this article shall be the same as the taxpayer's method of accounting for federal income tax purposes. In the absence of any method of accounting for federal income tax purposes, the tax under this article shall be computed under such method that in the opinion of the Tax Commissioner clearly reflects such income.
(c) Adjustments. -- In computing a taxpayer's liability for tax for any taxable year under a method of accounting different from the method under which the taxpayer's liability for tax under this article for the previous year was computed, there shall be taken into account those adjustments which are determined, under regulations prescribed by the Tax Commissioner, to be necessary solely by reason of the change in order to prevent amounts from being duplicated or omitted.
The tax imposed by this article shall be in addition to all other licenses and taxes levied by law as a condition precedent to engaging in any business, trade or calling. A person exercising a privilege taxable under this article, subject to the payment of all licenses and charges which are condition precedent to exercising the privilege taxed, may exercise the privilege for the current tax year upon the condition that he shall pay the tax accruing under this article.
In the event a business subject to the tax imposed by this article shall be operated in connection with a receivership or insolvency proceeding, the court under whose direction such business is operated shall, by the entry of a proper order in the cause, make provision for the regular payment of such taxes as the same become due.
In the distribution, voluntary or compulsory, in receivership, bankruptcy or otherwise, of the estate of any person, firm or corporation, all taxes due and unpaid under this article shall be paid from the first money available for distribution in priority to all claims, except taxes and debts due the United States which under federal law are given priority over the debts and liens created by this article. Any person charged with the administration of an estate who shall violate the provisions of this section shall be personally liable for any taxes accrued and unpaid under this article, which are chargeable against the person, firm or corporation whose estate is in administration.
The Tax Commissioner may, with the approval of the Governor, appoint not more than twelve agents for the entire state for the collection of delinquent taxes, delinquent license taxes and all additions to tax, penalties and interest. All delinquent taxes, delinquent license taxes and all additions to tax, penalties and interest so collected shall be, by the Tax Commissioner, paid into the State Treasury to the credit of the state general fund. The salary of every such agent appointed shall be determined by the State Tax Commissioner by and with the approval of the Governor.
The Tax Commissioner for the more effective collection of the tax may file with the clerk of the county court of any county a certified copy of an assessment of taxes under this article. A certificate so filed shall be recorded in a book provided for the purpose and thereafter shall constitute binding notice of the lien created by this article upon all lands of the taxpayer located in the county as against all parties whose interest arose after such recordation. Upon payment of taxes delinquent under this article the lien of which shall have been recorded the Tax Commissioner shall certify in duplicate the fact and amount of payment and the balance due, if any, and shall forward the certificates, one to the taxpayer and one to the clerk of the county court of the county where the taxpayer shall have been listed as delinquent. The clerk of the county court shall record the certificate in the book in which releases are recorded, without payment of any additional fee. From the date that such a certificate is admitted to record the land of the taxpayer in the county shall be free from any lien for taxes under this article accrued to the date that the certificate was issued.
Acts, 1984 Reg. Sess., Ch. 170.
Notwithstanding the provisions of section five, article thirteen, chapter eight of this code, no city, town or village shall impose a business and occupation tax:
(a) Upon occupations or privileges taxed under sections two- a, two-b, two-c, two-d, two-e, two-g, two-h, two-i and two-j of this article, in excess of rates in effect under this article on January 1, 1959;
(b) Upon occupations or privileges taxed under section two- k of this article, in excess of one percent of gross income;
(c) Under section two-l of this article; or
(d) Upon occupations or privileges taxed under section two- m of this article, in excess of the tax rate applicable to such occupations or privileges under section two-b of this article on January 1, 1959.
If any provision of this article or the application thereof shall for any reason be adjudged by any court of competent jurisdiction to be invalid, such judgment shall not affect, impair or invalidate the remainder of said article, but shall be confined in its operation to the provision thereof directly involved in the controversy in which such judgment shall have been rendered, and the applicability of such provision to other persons or circumstances shall not be affected thereby.
Each and every provision of the "West Virginia Tax Procedure and Administration Act" set forth in article ten of this chapter shall apply to the tax imposed by this article thirteen with like effect as if said act were applicable only to the tax imposed by this article thirteen and were set forth in extenso in this article thirteen.
(a) The provisions of sections two-a, two-b, two-c, two-e, two-g, two-h, two-i, two-j, two-k and two-l of this article are inoperative as of July 1, 1987. Persons who are fiscal year taxpayers having a fiscal year ending on June 30, 1987, shall file their annual return for fiscal year 1987, on or before July 31, 1987, and remit the amount of any taxes shown thereon to be due.
(b) Persons who are calendar year taxpayers and who are not subject to the tax imposed by this article for months beginning on or after July 1, 1987, and persons who are fiscal year taxpayers having a fiscal year ending on any date other than June 30, 1987, and who are not subject to the tax imposed by this article for months beginning on or after July 1, 1987, shall file their annual returns on or before July 31, 1987, for the short taxable year which ended June 30, 1987, and remit the amount of any taxes shown thereon to be due. Persons required to file an annual return for a short taxable year may claim a portion of the annual exemption allowed under section three of this article, determined in accordance with the amount of the exemption allowable for each month in the short taxable year. The $5,000 annual exemption allowed to producers of natural gas shall similarly be calculated and allowed on a monthly basis at the rate of $416.66 for each month of the short taxable year ending on June 30, 1987.
(c) Persons engaged in activities taxable under sections two-a, two-b, two-c, two-e, two-g, two-h, two-i, two-j, two-k and two-l of this article prior to July 1, 1987, are taxable under either article thirteen-a or twenty-three of this chapter, or both, on and after such date.
(d) Persons who keep their records using the accrual method of accounting shall file their annual return for the full or short taxable year ending June 30, 1987, computing their tax liability under such method. A taxpayer shall file an amended return for such year and pay any additional taxes due within thirty days after determining that gross income, gross proceeds of sale or gross value were under reported on such annual return, or that any allowable deductions were over reported.
(e) Persons who keep their records using the cash method of accounting may file their annual return for the full or short taxable year ending June 30, 1987, computing their tax liability under such method: Provided, That such a taxpayer shall file a supplemental return for such year within one month after the close of each quarter during which he or she received gross income or gross proceeds of sale for any activity or portion thereof completed prior to July 1, 1987, and pay any additional taxes shown on the supplemental return to be due. The purpose of this requirement is to minimize the advantage or disadvantage associated with the different methods of accounting when the business and occupation tax no longer applies to the taxpayer's ongoing business activity.
(f) Tax liabilities, if any arising for taxable years ending prior to July 1, 1987, shall be determined, administered, assessed and collected as if sections two-a, two-b, two-c, two-e, two-g, two-h, two-i, two-j, two-k and two-l of this article had not been effectively repealed; and the rights and duties of the taxpayer and the State of West Virginia shall be fully and completely preserved.
(g) Persons who keep their records using a method of accounting other than the accrual method or cash method shall file their returns in accordance with regulations and instructions promulgated by the Tax Commissioner.
The State Tax Commissioner, who will be recipient of informational reports and tax returns from taxpayers in respect of the revised state tax structure on business, beginning on July 1, 1987, shall furnish a comparative study report in respect of the data concerning businesses and their changed tax liabilities, entitlement to tax credits, and general categories wherein tax liability is substantially increased or lessened. Such report shall be furnished to the Governor and to the Legislature at its regular sessions of the year 1986 and 1987, with particular emphasis on the elements of equity and adequacy that the acquired data may reflect in respect of the state's major industries and taxpayers, on the basis of their being subjected to taxation under the revised state tax structure.
(a) Effective July 1, 1987, notwithstanding any provisions of this code to the contrary, any company granted a reduced rate loan pursuant to section seven, article two, chapter five-b of this code shall be allowed a credit against the tax imposed by this article for a period of five years from the date the reduced rate loan is issued.
(b) The Tax Commissioner may prescribe such regulations as may be necessary to carry out the purposes of this section.
The tax imposed by this article shall be subject to the credit set forth in section nine-b, article fifteen of this chapter and the credit set forth in section three-b, article fifteen-a of this chapter.
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Britney Spears’ Manager Says She May Never Perform Again
Gabe Ginsberg, Getty Images
It doesn't look like Britney Spears will be returning to her Las Vegas residency anytime soon.
"As the person who guides her career, based on the information I and all of the professionals who work with her are being told on a need-to-know basis, from what I have gathered it's clear to me she should not be going back to do this Vegas residency, not in the near future and possibly never again," her manager Larry Rudolph told TMZ in an interview.
He admitted that Spears was almost done with rehearsals for the February launch when her father became sick. "It was the perfect storm. We had to pull her show because her meds stopped working and she was distraught over her dad's illness," he claimed.
Though Rudolph is not involved in her current legal troubles surrounding her conservatorship, he does reportedly have access to medical information that would potentially impact her career.
Rudolph said he lets Spears decide when and how she wants to work, if she does at all. He explained that last summer, when she wanted to tour, she called him "every day" out of excitement. Currently though, "she hasn't called me in months. Crickets. She clearly doesn't want to perform now."
Regarding the future, Rudolph said he wants her mental and physical states to be healthy and prepared. "I don't want her to work again 'til she's ready, physically, mentally and passionately. If that time never comes again it will never come again. I have no desire or ability to make her work again. I am only here for her when she wants to work. And, if she ever does want to work again, I'm here to tell her if it's a good idea or a bad idea."
Britney Spears Through the Years
Source: Britney Spears’ Manager Says She May Never Perform Again
Filed Under: britney spears
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Mining Companies Wrote Off Almost $50 Billion Last Year
By Paul Ausick January 30, 2013 2:11 pm EDT
Everything about the mining industry is big, so it should come as no surprise that when things don’t work out as planned, the mistakes are big too. Two mining CEOs have lost their jobs and the companies have written down nearly $50 billion in impairment charges in 2012.
Rio Tinto plc (NYSE: RIO) wrote down $14 billion alone earlier this year and fired the CEO in the process. Anglo American plc, which trades in London, wrote down $4 billion on an iron ore mine and CEO Cynthia Carroll will be out of work in April. BHP Billiton Ltd. (NYSE: BHP) wrote down $3.3 billion in August on natural gas and aluminum projects. Brazil’s Vale SA (NYSE: VALE) has taken a $4.2 billion charge in 2012 and that may rise when the company reports results next month.
Over the past 10 years, mining company mergers and acquisitions have totaled more than $1 trillion, according to a report at Bloomberg. Writedowns have so far cost shareholders 5% of the value of those mergers. And there may be more on the way.
BHP is expected to write down $2 to $5 billion on its aluminum projects. And Glencore International Inc. is likely to write off between $5 and $7 billion as a result of its merger with Xstrata plc.
Gold miners haven’t been immune to the writedown epidemic either. Kinross Gold Corp. (NYSE: KGC) and Newmont Mining Corp. (NYSE: NEM) took charges of $2.49 billion and $1.61 billion respectively in 2012. And Barrick Gold Corp. (NYSE: ABX) fired its CEO last summer after cost overruns crippled shareholder returns.
Softening prices, especially for base metals like nickel and aluminum, get a share of the blame. But mining company CEOs and boards think big: big risks, big rewards, and big egos, not necessarily in that order.
By Paul Ausick
« Peabody Story Drags Coal Stocks Lower (BTU, ANR, ACI, CNX, JRCC, WLT, CLD)
Bernanke and FOMC Stand Firm as GDP Goes Negative »
Read more: Commodities & Metals, 24/7 Wall St. Wire, Barrick Gold Corp (USA) (NYSE:ABX), BHP Billiton Limited (ADR) (NYSE:BHP), Kinross Gold Corp (USA) (NYSE:KGC), Newmont Mining Corp (NYSE:NEM), Rio Tinto plc (ADR) (NYSE:RIO), Companhia Vale Ads (NYSE:VALE)
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Kilian Crawford
Author Tags: Afro-Canadian Education Essentials 2010 Fiction History
QUICK REFERENCE ENTRY:
The first non-fiction book about B.C.'s black pioneers, Crawford Kilian's Go Do Some Great Thing (1978), concentrates on the 19th-century migration of blacks from California, as encouraged by Governor James Douglas, and particularly the leadership of Mifflin Gibbs who was once told by an associate of Frederick Douglass to "go do some great thing.";
Victoria city councillor Mifflin Wistar Gibbs was the first civic leader of black people in B.C. and the first widely-read black writer. He arrived in 1858, shortly after black pioneers arrived on the Commodore from California. Gibbs wrote many articles and speeches during his ten years in Canada. Had he remained on Vancouver Island and promises made to black pioneers been kept, Kilian has speculated, "Mifflin Gibbs might have become premier of British Columbia, or a businessman on the scale of a Dunsmuir.";
Kilian's Go Do Some Great Thing inspired the likes of black filmmaker Anthony Brown to make a documentary, Go Do Some Great Thing, and historian and poet Wayde Compton to generate his landmark anthology, Bluesprint: Black British Columbian Literature & Orature (2002). Compton also spearheaded Commodore Books, an imprint for black authors of B.C. that was named after the aforementioned ship.
Born in New York in 1941 and raised in Los Angeles and Mexico, Crawford Kilian, a white historian, worked at the Lawrence Radiation Laboratory in Berkeley prior to immigrating to Vancouver in 1967. He has taught English at Capilano College and written 19 other books, mostly speculative fiction novels.
Kilian has cited his debt to an unpublished UBC MA thesis by James W. Pilton, "Negro Settlement in B.C., 1858-1871,"; that was prepared in 1951. Commodore Books released a revised version of Kilian's history in 2008, 30 years after it first appeared, at which time he received an award of appreciation from Vancouver's black community.
FULL ENTRY:
Born in New York in 1941 and raised in Los Angeles and Mexico, Crawford Kilian worked at the Lawrence Radiation Laboratory in Berkeley prior to immigrating to Vancouver in 1967.
In 1978, he published a non-fiction book about B.C.'s black pioneers, Go Do Some Great Thing, the first major book-length study of blacks in B.C., concentrating on the 19th century migration of blacks from California, as encouraged by Governor James Douglas, and particularly the leadership of Mifflin Gibbs who was once told by an associate of Frederick Douglass to "go do some great thing." The black community in Vancouver's Lower Mainland was so appreciative of this fair-minded history, they invented a special literary award to honour Kilian's contribution to their historical awareness. This book has inspired the likes of Wayde Compton to create Commodore Books, an imprint for black authors of B.C. that was named after the first ship to bring blacks from California, and black filmmaker Anthony Brown to make a documentary, Go Do Some Great Thing, in 2005. As well, black novelist Lawrence Hill drew on the title for his 1992 novel Some Great Thing. Commodore Books released a revised version of Kilian's Go Do Some Great Thing in 2008, thirty years after it first appeared. Kilian has cited his debt to an unpublished UBC MA thesis by James W. Pilton, "Negro Settlement in B.C., 1858-1871," prepared in 1951.
A former Capilano College English professor and former Education columnist for the Province, Crawford Kilian also wrote a critique of B.C. education, School Wars: The Assault on B.C. Education (New Star, 1985), followed by 2020 Visions: The Futures of Canadian Education (Arsenal Pulp, 1995).
In 1979, Kilian published the first novel in his Chronoplane Wars trilogy, Empire of Time, later followed by The Fall of the Republic and Rogue Emperor (in which the 21st century battles the 1st century in ancient Rome).
Some of his other books include Gryphon; Greenmagic (del Rey, 1992); his two natural disaster novels, Tsunami and Icequake; the futuristic Brother Jonathan; and an excellent West Coast, and a pre-historical West Coast fantasy tale, Eyas.
Unafraid to throw cold water where and when it is needed, Crawford Kilian, who is an avid blogger, frequently cites his own multi-faceted work in various genres for Writing Science Fiction & Fantasy (Self-Counsel 1998, 2007), a wide-ranging work that strongly encourages would-be SF writers to--ironically--approach their work more realistically.
[For African Canadian authors, see abcbookworld entries for André, F.B.; Booker, Fred; Demming, Keita; Edugyan, Esi; Gale, Lorena; Garraway, Garbette; Gibbs, Mifflin; Green, Truman; Griggs, William E.; Odhiambo, David; Sarsfield, Mairuth Hodge; Sumter-Freitag, Addena; White, Evelyn C.] @2010.
Go Do Some Great Thing: The Black Pioneers of British Columbia
School Wars - The Assault on B.C. Education
Wonders, Inc. - 1968
The Last Vikings - 1973
The Empire of Time - 1978
Do Some Great Thing: The Black Pioneers of British Columbia - 1978, 2008
Icequake - 1979
Eyas - 1982
Tsunami - 1983
Exploring British Columbia's Past - 1984
Brother Jonathan - 1985
School Wars: The Assault on B.C. Education - 1985[3]
Lifter - 1986
The Fall of the Republic - 1987
Rogue Emperor - 1988
Gryphon - 1989
Greenmagic - 1992
The Communications Book -1994
2020 Visions: The Futures of Canadian Education - 1995
Redmagic - 1995
Writing Science Fiction and Fantasy - 1998, 2007
Writing for the Web - 1999, 2000, 2006
Rogue Emperor (Del Rey $5)
WHILE TEACHING AT CAPILANO College, Crawford Kilian found plenty of time in which to complete his paperback trilogy, The Chronoplane Wars.
He had centuries. Rogue Emperor (Del Rey $5) follows The Empire of Time and The Fall of the Republic as another time travel novel based on the premise that the human race has been alerted to its forthcoming destruction in the near future. Given these dire circumstances, naturally much of the Earth's population wants to migrate into the past. Kilian's newest book is a half fantasy, half historical novel in which scientist hero Jerry Pierce battles militaristic Christian zealots who have time-travelled back to Rome circa 100 A.D. With modern weaponry, the zealots kill the Roman emperor and seek to convert the locals with fire n' brimstone technology, while destroying Pierce's time travel "gate" back to the present.
Kilian's extensive research into Roman times surfaces on almost every page. "Writing the book I found that empires may come and go," he says, "but elements of long-dead cultures survive. For instance, the church finally banned gladiatorial combat in the 5th century. But the basic idea remained with animal baiting and bullfighting. And of course nowadays we have boxing and hockey." "Similarly the modern Mexican apartment building is four sides around a central patio. That was exactly the design of the old Roman apartment building."
B.C. paperback novelists like Crawford Kilian, Eileen Kernaghan and UBC's Ian Slater, whose new ecological thriller this fall is Storm (Worldwide), are usually overlooked by Canadian media. Their publishing companies don't bother to promote their books in B.C.
[Winter / BCBW 1989]
Kilian brings sci-fi scribes down to earth
Unafraid to throw cold water where it is needed, Crawford Kilian frequently cites his own multi-faceted work in various genres for Writing Science Fiction & Fantasy (Self-Counsel $21.95), a wide-ranging work that encourages would-be SF writers to-ironically-approach their work more realistically. Much of his advice is helpful for novices in any genre.
For instance, Kilian suggests the most common anxiety for would-be authors is that their daring ideas might be stolen by the publishing house to which they are submitting their precious manuscript. "The sad truth is,"; he writes, "that your idea probably isn't worth stealing. In fact, the editor may wearily see it as the umpteenth variation on some ancient plot.";
Exploit your daydreams, but also learn how to write a succinct query letter. Reproduced from 1988, a sample query letter that Kilian wrote to a SF publisher advertises his critical acumen as well as his originality:
"The message in fantasy is always a pretty conservative one: We have come to a pretty pass, and drastic action is needed to put matters back as they once were in some ideal past. The ideal past is usually some form of feudalism; its modern forms don't look very pretty in Latin America, and it probably wasn't all that satisfying in medieval Europe.
"The medieval European feudalists, however, had terrific media relations (apart from guys like Cervantes)-so good that people still get a bang out of knight-errantry, dragonslaying and sorcery.";
With more than science fiction and fantasy novels to his name, Kilian offers historical references for the various SF genres-such as lost colonies, alien contact, utopias & dystopias, parallel worlds and time travel-indicating that he is as well-read as he is well-written. "If all American literature springs from Mark Twain's The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn,"; he advises, "then all military science fiction springs from Robert Heinlein's Starship Troopers, first published in 1959.";
Having developed a One-Hour-A-Day Novel Writing Workshop, Kilian includes a CD-ROM with writing exercises and ten steps for pre-editing. He believes most people simply waste too much time watching the tube. "I got the idea for Eyas when I was walking the dog one night in the neighborhood. After that, when I walked the dog, I'd think about how the story would develop, who the characters would be. I considered the problems that I would encounter in writing it. And so it went.";
Cogent chapters on The Mechanics of Manuscript Production, Selling your Story, Researching Publishers and Agents and The Publishing Contract culminate with a rare diversion into cheerleading.
"George Orwell once observed that, from the inside, every life feels like a failure,"; he writes. "Spoken like a true writer! If you publish your story in a webzine, you feel like a failure because you didn't get paid and hardly anyone read your work.
"If you publish with a big New York house and your book sells 100,000 copies, you feel like a failure because you didn't get a big enough advance and hardly anyone read it-compared to Stephen King or Diana Gabaldon.
"But that sense of failure, I suggest, is a deception. To conceive, write, revise, and publish any story are real achievements. When you achieve any of these things, you have achieved something special."; 978-1-55180-785-0
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Data Pioneer Jerry Modes Has Bold Vision for RE/MAX Tech
A disruptor in the field of data science, the new Senior Vice President of IT feels right at home at RE/MAX.
By Stephanie Visscher | Feb 05, 2019
He helped establish the study of psychographics, create the first ATM and transform the way the world collects and analyzes data. Now Jerry Modes is using his decades of experience to blaze a new trail for RE/MAX technology.
The RE/MAX Senior Vice President of IT spoke to ABOVE about the power of data, highlights in a career full of innovation and the important role he says RE/MAX will play in this era of disruption.
Data science seems to be a new buzzword for the real estate industry, but you’ve been working in the field for decades – often on cutting edge projects. Can you give an overview of your career?
From my start in computer development for one of the major defense contractors to the founding of two data companies, I’ve always been in information technology. I’ve never wandered.
One of my first major projects was with CitiBank, when they were trying to solve the problem of long lines at bank branches. I ended up spending the next four years as part of the team that ultimately launched the ATM network.
I eventually left to start a company called Teradata, a massive data processing platform that contains some of the largest databases in the world. To give you a sense of its scale, Walmart keeps every transaction receipt for every store in their history. They have multiple petabytes (equal to 1 million gigabytes) of historical transaction data stored with Teradata. And they’re not even the biggest user.
After Teradata was bought by AT&T, I started another company named HyperParallel. HyperParallel collects and analyzes what’s called psychographics – such as shopping habits or where you like to vacation – to build profiles of consumers and their lifestyle.
I guarantee you, if you’ve ever been shopping, anywhere, HyperParallel touched you.
HyperParallel used the data it collected to advise retail clients and brands. What is an example of how the data was applied that readers will recognize?
Here’s one that was really interesting.
We discovered there was a relationship between baby wipes and disposable diapers – if someone buys diapers, there’s a high likelihood they’re going to buy baby wipes. But if someone buys baby wipes, there’s absolutely no relationship to them buying diapers. Why is that? We had to actually go to the store and watch who bought baby wipes. It’s important to note that at the time, wipes came in really only one variety.
It turns out, mechanics are a big user of baby wipes. The liquid used in the wipes is really good at getting grease off of people’s hands. And other people were using them for various other things.
If you look around now, there are all sorts of wipes. There’s stuff packaged for your purse, for your car, for your baby. You think it’s even remotely a different product? It’s all packaging.
Once the client understood the data, they built other products. That’s the power of analytics!
How would you describe your role as Senior Vice President of IT for RE/MAX, LLC?
My job description is to manage the development, execution and operation of new technologies. But I also have to make sure we continue to strive for the vision of creating everything we can to help agents and brokers.
You can bet that we’re going to take advantage of all the technologies that we’re able to gather under us. We’re already doing some really breakthrough stuff, and the vision includes a lot more.
Everyone is curious about booj – the tech company RE/MAX acquired in February 2018 – and the new platform being worked on. What are some products and features to look forward to?
If you think about it, the new platform being built by booj will be a customer relationship management system powered by data where agents can manage both their people and properties and have access to a broad variety of useful marketing tools. We want to help agents cultivate their existing relationships and grow their sphere of influence.
But the new platform is just part of the vision for RE/MAX technology. There’s a broader, more complete vision that includes such things as data acquisition and analysis, and how that can be used to power RE/MAX tech. In a simple view, there’s so much more that we plan to do to help RE/MAX Broker/Owners and Sales Associates by using the data we can gather. And through the acquisition of booj, we now have some of the premier developers in real estate helping us to build the platforms and tools we need to make it happen.
For example, data could tell an agent – with a far higher percentage of accuracy – how ready a particular lead might be to purchase a home. That way an agent doesn’t waste time chasing a lead who might not be ready. We can help agents be more effective in their efforts.
Data collection will also help create a personalized homebuying experience for the consumer. New websites will provide information on schools, commute times and community features, so homebuyers can confidently decide where to conduct their home search.
What attracted you to the role at RE/MAX?
It was the vision and the challenge. The challenge of changing the real estate industry appeals to me, and the vision of RE/MAX providing the technologies to do that is very exciting.
I see a lot of disruption as a result of real estate technology. I don’t think there are any clear winners or losers at this point, but it will all have an impact on how we do business, and there’s no going back (just ask Blockbuster). When the dust settles and everyone looks back, it will be clear that RE/MAX had an impact on technology during this period of change.
Where can people find you outside of work?
I’ll probably be in the mountains. I’m a big camper and fly fisherman, and I love to ski!
2019 RE/MAX R4 Convention
R4 Opening Session Highlights ‘The Greatest Network on Earth’
Fredy Martinez says:
I believe the new agent websites should have a strong video capability so we as agents can communicate with our clients.. Also, the websites should have the capability of using landing pages to run campaigns and to capture new clients.
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Archive for September 22nd, 2007
Sierra Leone: hopes for a better life in the midst of despair (A Feature)
Posted by African Press International on September 22, 2007
�By Tamba Jean-Matthew III APA Staff Writer
Dakar (Senegal) A panoply of reasons including mischievousness, vindictiveness and the lack of an enterprising and nationalistic spirit in the character of most of the leadership in Sierra Leone, are among the reasons for the disastrous state of the country once known as the �Athens of Africa� and leading producer of diamonds.
My above line of thought runs almost in perfect congruence with that of Kenya�s special peace envoy to Sudan and former president Daniel arap Moi, when he opined this week that �bad leadership, negative attitudes and immature politics are the main factors that have contributed to underdevelopment and lack of peace in Africa�.
The global economic crisis of the 1970s would have had very little or no consequence at all on Sierra Leoneans if Dr. Siaka Probyn Stevens, the labour leader turned despot, was not an unequivocal embodiment of the kind of leaders that I and President Moi are alluding to.
Almost immediately after ascending to the helms of authority in Sierra Leone in 1967, Stevens basked in the adulation of corrupt Lebanese businessmen and with whom he neatly meshed up to plunder diamonds and siphoned millions of dollars into foreign banks.
Then in the wake of popular uprisings in the midst of such machinations, he roped in Cuban thugs who trained local details in the art and unleashed terror to eliminate and exclude his potential political rivals.
Stevens, with the help of his dreaded vice president, Sory Ibrahim Koroma, to a large measure, succeeded with their Machiavellian tactics that coerced the opposition Sierra Leone People�s Party (SLPP) to withdraw from the 1973 and 1977 parliamentary and presidential elections and after which a one-party dictatorship was declared officially in 1978.
Thenceforth, the APC gained a tight grip of the country�s political machinery and maintained the status quo at the peril of the vast majority of Sierra Leoneans until Steven finally turned over the reins of state to a close kin as the country inched to the civil war that killed over 200,000 souls in 11 years of bloody conflict.
Even though the merits of the SLPP government under Dr. Ahmad Tejan Kabba are hardly conceivable or skeletal to the limit, his ingenuity during the war years that culminated to the posting of hundreds of thousands of foreign peacekeepers including the largest UN contingent that helped to end the war, and the fact that he was reinstated after being ousted by a military junta, brought a great sigh of relief to Sierra Leoneans and the international community alike.
What is at stake at this point in time, is the socio-political and economic empirical reality on the ground.
Sierra Leone needs to rise over and above the ding dongs of ethnic and regional politics in the first place. This should go hand-in-hand with the setting up of a recognised radical fringe in national politics and a radical labour movement that would prevent lumpens or wayward groupings intruding into politics that would culminate into a rebellion, a revolution or a war theatre.
Sierra Leone needs to tailor its management of the diamond sector after such successful prototypes like Botswana to enable the lesser than 5 million inhabitants to fully benefit from the pride of their country.
Dr. Kabba had a clear vision and bragged that his government will eradicate hunger in Sierra Leone, but he failed. This surmountable task should be the prerogative of the incumbent president, Ernest Bai Koroma, considering the fact that the country has rich soils and enjoys enough rainfall.
The above are sin quo non for the attainment of the sustainable development in Sierra Leone.
Published by Korir, API*APN africanpress@chello.no tel +47�932�99�739 or +47�6300�2525 source.apa
Posted in AA > News and News analysis | Leave a Comment »
Humanitarian agencies renew commitment to peace in Uganda
Kampala (Uganda) The humanitarian community in Uganda including United Nations agencies has said that the key to securing a peaceful, just and durable future for all Ugandans is the conclusion of a final agreement between the government and the Lord�s Resistance Army (LRA).
In a statement released to mark the International Day of Peace on Friday, the community said it remained committed to supporting the government and people of Uganda in the implementation of the peace in northern Uganda, the scene of the LRA insurgency.
They called upon the government and the LRA to continue their commitment to the peace process in order to find a lasting negotiated solution to the 20-year-old conflict.
The community applauded the continued engagement and progress that has been made in the peace talks so far.
Published by Korir, API*APN africanpress@chello.no tel +47 932 99 739 or +47 6300 2525 source.apa
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Cops Search for New Evidence in Caylee Anthony’s Grandparents’ Home
This undated photo released by the Orange County Sheriff’s Office in Orlando, Fla. on Friday, July 18, 2008, shows Caylee Marie Anthony. Orlando authorities said Friday, Dec. 19, 2008, that DNA tests confirm the skeletal remains recently found in the woods belong to missing toddler Caylee Anthony. (AP Photo/Orange County Sheriff’s Office.
Fox News | Dec 20, 2008
Florida investigators on Saturday finished searching the site where Caylee Anthony’s remains were found, but their work wasn’t over — as they executed a new search warrant to collect evidence at the home of Caylee’s grandparents home late Saturday afternoon.
The search warrant was obtained based on evidence gathered over the past several days at the wooded area near the home where the remains were found Dec. 11. Authorities confirmed Friday that the remains belonged to the girl, who was 2 years old when she disappeared in June.
Her mother, Casey Anthony, 22, is in jail, charged with her murder.
The Orange County Sheriff’s officially cleared the wooded area Saturday. At the same time, four vans carrying crime scene investigators showed up at the Anthony’s home, blocking the street, as the investigators strung yellow tape to keep back the dozens of onlookers who have come to express their condolences to the family.
After two hours, the investigators came out of the home with bags and boxes containing unknown items.
Despite identifying Caylee’s remains, authorities still haven’t been able to confirm through forensic evidence how she died, though they have pointed to other evidence in pinning the girl’s death on the mother.
The coroner who identified a child’s skeletal remains as those of the little girl said the condition of the bones would make it difficult to determine the cause of death.
There was virtually no soft tissue discovered with the skeleton, though there was hair. Orange County Medical Examiner Dr. Jan Garavaglia said toxicology tests being done weren’t likely to shed much light on how the girl died.
There were no broken bones and no signs of trauma, further confounding investigators — and potentially posing a problem for the prosecution in building a case against Casey Anthony.
“They are not intact. They are all disarticulated. They are completely skeletonized,” Garavaglia said Friday. She said some of the bones were “tiny.”
Anthony is jailed without bond in her daughter’s murder but has pleaded not guilty.
Garavaglia on Friday said an autopsy concluded that the skull and bones found by a county utility worker were Caylee’s and the child was the victim of a homicide.
The girl was two months shy of her third birthday when she vanished in June.
The medical examiner said Caylee’s remains, which were found not far from the home where she lived with her mother and maternal grandparents, were identified through nuclear DNA analysis.
The news capped a five-month search for the girl, who was last seen in mid-June but wasn’t reported missing by her mother for more than 30 days.
“The bottom line is, no child should have to go through this,” said an emotional Orange County Sheriff Kevin Beary on Friday.
The case has garnered intense national attention and media scrutiny.
The FBI said there wasn’t any indication the child was taken out of the Orlando area where she lived.
“At no time did we find any evidence that this young child left this location,” said Tampa FBI Special Agent Steven Ibison.
Casey Anthony’s lead attorney Jose Baez said he is “disappointed” with the handling of the investigation, which he called “unprofessional.”
He declined to comment on how his client reacted to the news that her daughter was found dead.
“This is her private moment. This is her life,” he said Friday. “It’s not my place as her attorney to disclose her private moments to the public. I’m sure that’s what she would want.”
Caylee’s grandparents Cindy and George Anthony were “grieving deeply” in private, their attorney Brad Conway told the Orlando Sentinel.
“This is a tragic moment in the lives of good and honorable people,” he said.
Ahead of the announcement, Florida police released evidence photos from the scene where the remains were found. One showed a picture book discovered in the woods that the child had been photographed reading before she vanished.
The book is among numerous pieces of evidence Orange County Sheriff’s deputies say they found in the wooded area where Caylee’s remains turned up.
Also Friday, police re-interviewed a county water meter reader who earlier this month discovered the bag with the child’s skull and bones inside.
Detectives said the worker is not a suspect in her death.
The worker who found the bones on Dec. 11 had called in a tip to police on three consecutive days in August, telling them to look in the same area for the remains.
“Back in August of this year, I had previously reported … that I had spotted something suspicious, a bag, in the same area,” said the meter reader, Roy Kronk, reading from a prepared statement Friday.
He wouldn’t elaborate.
“I will continue to cooperate fully with the investigation,” Kronk told reporters. “I respectively decline to get into the details of what I saw at the crime scene.”
His attorney, David Evans, called Kronk a “concerned citizen” and lambasted media speculation that suggested otherwise.
“He has no connection whatsoever to this case or to the Anthony family,” Evans said.
There is now an internal probe under way within the police department into how the matter was handled.
“There are a lot of questions about the thoroughness of that response,” Orange County Sheriff’s Capt. Angelo Nieves told MyFOXOrlando.com.
Caylee vanished on or around June 16, less than two months before her third birthday. Her family reported her missing in mid-July. Her mother has pleaded not guilty to first-degree murder, aggravated manslaughter and other charges.
Anthony and her defense team have maintained that she last saw Caylee when she left her with a baby sitter named Zenaida Gonzalez in an apartment complex parking lot. Anthony’s lawyers say Gonzalez and another woman drove away with the child.
Anthony and her attorneys say they believe Caylee was killed by her kidnappers.
Police claim that story and the sitter are fictitious and Anthony has lied to them repeatedly.
Posted in Crime & Corruption
30,000 new troops to be sent to Afghanistan
CNN | Dec 20, 2008
KABUL, Afghanistan (CNN) — Up to 30,000 additional U.S. troops could be sent to Afghanistan next year, military officials said Saturday.
Roughly 31,000 U.S. troops currently are in Afghanistan.
Of the additional troops, 20,000 will comprise four ground/maneuvering brigades, said Col. Gregory Julian, spokesman for U.S. forces in Afghanistan. That number is consistent with what Gen. David McKiernan, the U.S. commander in Afghanistan, called for in October, he said.
The additional 10,000 likely refers to support personnel, Julian said.
McKiernan requested the additional 20,000 troops be sent to fight the increasing violence by the resurgent Taliban forces in the southern and eastern parts of the country.
On Friday, military officials said Defense Secretary Robert Gates signed a deployment order to move an additional 3,000 troops to Afghanistan next year. Those troops will be part of a combat aviation brigade, the latest approved by Gates for the expected buildup of U.S. troops in the country in 2009.
The brigade will send a number of much-needed helicopters to the region. Helicopters are the main mode of transportation for the U.S. military in Afghanistan, where high mountain roads and passes make it difficult for large transport vehicles to move troops and supplies.
The additional troops would nearly double the level of U.S. troops in Afghanistan.
Troop levels are likely to be maintained at this increased level for three to four years, Julian said Saturday, as U.S. forces continue to try to “clear and hold” more parts of Afghanistan from insurgents and militants and train Afghan military and police to be self-sufficient.
Posted in Perpetual War
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Actress, singer
Destiny Hope Cyrus
Miley Cyrus Trivia
Admitting in her autobiography "Miles to Go" that she has a heart condition called tachycardia.
Signing a deal with Disney Book Group to write a memoir, titled "Miles to Go" (April 2008).
Getting a home recording studio from her father, Billy Ray Cyrus, as present on her 16th birthday.
She and her family set up the Pappy Cyrus Family Foundation to honor her paternal grandfather Ron Cyrus who died in 2006 (July 2008).
Made Forbes' annual Celebrity 100 list in June 2008, being ranked at No. 35.
Donned the so-called milk mustache for the latest ad of "Got Milk?" campaign, unveiled in May 2008.
Scored the 59th spot on Time magazine's 5th annual "100 Most Influential People" list, released in May 2008.
Included in People magazine's annual "100 Most Beautiful People" list in May 2008.
Had her wax figure unveiled at Madame Tussauds in New York City on March 20, 2008.
Legally changed her birth name in January 2008 from Destiny Hope Cyrus to Miley Ray Cyrus in order to honor her country crooner father Billy Ray Cyrus.
Is the goddaughter of country music star Dolly Parton.
Named her dogs Loco because "It's crazy!", Juicy because of the clothing brand, and Minnie Pearl.
Likes to watch TV series "High School Musical" (2006) with her sisters.
Her favorite movie is "Steel Magnolias" (1989).
Shopping is her favorite hobby.
Her favorite album is Kelly Clarkson's "Breakaway" (2004).
Loves to eat Chinese food.
Hilary Duff, Kelly Clarkson, Mariah Carey, and Ashlee Simpson are her favorite singers.
Credited "Achy Breaky Heart" as her favorite song by her dad.
Her favorite book is "Don't Die, My Love."
Cheerleading is her favorite sport.
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With Marvin Lewis aboard, ASU continues ‘building of knowledge’
Arizona State Stories
By Matt Layman
Head coach Marvin Lewis of the Cincinnati Bengals looks on prior to the game against the Cleveland Browns at FirstEnergy Stadium on December 23, 2018 in Cleveland, Ohio. (Photo by Kirk Irwin/Getty Images)
Marvin Lewis has the convenience of joining Arizona State football and already having a house to live in.
In 2014, the now-former Cincinnati Bengals head coach bought a house in Arizona, two years after his daughter — an ASU alumna — got married in the Grand Canyon State. And when it comes to feeling at-home, Lewis is now going to be working as a special advisor to ASU football and its head coach, Herm Edwards, a long-time friend of his.
Aside from their friendship, another thing that goes back quite a ways is their collective experience in the NFL. Several decades between them, Edwards and Lewis are part of a revamped Sun Devil Football program that has several former NFL players and coaches on board the train, all under the supervision of athletic director Ray Anderson, who himself worked for the league office before coming to ASU.
“This is a building of knowledge,” Edwards reminded an audience of reporters multiple times on Wednesday, the day after Lewis’ hire was announced.
ASU football adds former Bengals coach Marvin Lewis as advisor
Herm Edwards: Having Marvin Lewis around ASU will help 'tremendously'
ASU football's Fred Gammage III hired by San Francisco 49ers
“We have to have knowledge. He brings a great wealth of that. Some of his things that he’ll help us with, obviously, he’ll have some special projects. He’ll analyze our opponents as well as ourselves. He will analyze coaches. It starts with me. Game strategies, things we try to do to become better as a football team, he’ll have an overview of all of that.”
Back in December of 2017, when Edwards was first hired as the head coach, a wordy press release with corporate-friendly language became the butt of a few jokes. The school called its highly-criticized hire and approach the “New Leadership Model,” an attempt to veer away from the traditional college football model and move toward an NFL-like structure.
Less than two years later, it’s not sounding so silly anymore.
Edwards, Lewis, Anderson, linebackers coach Antonio Pierce, football analyst Kevin Mawae and football consultant and ambassador Danny White all have NFL experience and are part of the Sun Devils program today. It’s all part of that building of knowledge.
“The more guys that we can get to graduate and the more guys we can send to the National Football League, why wouldn’t you come here? And you’re going to be coached by some coaches that have experience that can tell you what it takes to play in that league,” Edwards said. “We have players and coaches that have been in that league. We’ve been in the league 57 years total. That’s a lot of knowledge.
“When you walk in here, if you’re not asking questions, shame on you.”
Lewis was the head coach of the Bengals until this offseason, when he and the team parted ways. So after those decades in the NFL, he finds himself back on campus.
“I think it’s the opportunity to continue in football. I don’t know how many of them road trips I’ll go on. I’ve spent enough time on road trips and traveling,” Lewis joked. “But no, it was exciting for me to come and be a part of something that’s on the rise and building and be in support of what Herm is doing, and his coaches.
“It’s about the people that you have the chance to spend time and work with.”
Follow @mattjlayman
Sun Devils Interviews and Podcasts
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DDR- stands for Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration, a process of decommissioning, down-sizing and reforming former military structures. Prior to the 1980s, DDR was primarily a military enterprise, but after the late 80s, the UN gradually become involved in the support of DDR initiatives for peacekeeping operations and the promotion of democratic oversight of military institutions. Disarmament is the collection, documentation, control and disposal of small arms, ammunition, explosives and light and heavy weapons of combatants and often also of the civilian population. It also includes the development of responsible arms and management programs. It is the symbolic, political and essential element of the demobilization process. The key steps are information collection (or weapons disclosures) and operation planning, weapon collection or retrieval operations, stockpile management, and disposal and destruction of weapons. Demobilization is the formal and controlled discharge of active combatants from armed forces or other armed groups. The first state of demobilization may extend from the processing of individual combatants in temporary centres to the massing of troops in camps designated for this purpose. The second state encompasses the support package provided to the demobilized, generally called reinsertion. Reinsertion is the transitional assistance to help cover the basic needs of the ex-combatants and their families and can last up to one year. Reintegration is the process by which ex-combatants acquire civilian status and gain sustainable employment and income. Reintegration has an open time-frame, primarily taking place in communities at the local level. DDR cannot happen without certain preconditions, including, the signing of a negotiated peace agreement with some legal framework for the DDR, designing credible guarantees on the terms of the agreement, trust in the peace process, willingness of the parties to the conflict to engage in DDR, inclusion of all warring parties, agreement on a policy framework and establishment of an organization to oversee DDR, and a minimum guarantee of security. DDR can provide the mechanism to separate combatants from at least some of their weapons and to begin to break up structures in a way that isn’t seen as surrender. It also allows parties to begin to build trust and confidence among and between former combatants and non-combatants that enables other elements of the peace process to go forward and provides ex-combatants with a much-needed transition period and an opportunity to reintegrate into civilian life. There are many challenges to DDR, many of which are explained clearly here.
Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) Typically the dividing line between two warring parties that serves as a buffer zone where military activity is not permitted, usually by a peace treaty, armistice or other bilateral or multilateral agreement. Usually forms a de-facto international border. Currently exist between northern Morocco and Spanish-controlled cities of Ceuta and Melilla, between Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus and the Republic of Cyprus, Aland island (Ahvenanmaa in Finnish), British Gibralter and Spain, Svalbard (Norway), Kuwait and Iraq, North Korea and South Korea, Golan Heights and Syria, and Antarctica. Previously German Rhineland, Israel and Syria, Israel and Egypt, Israel and Jordan, Manchukuo and China, North and South Vietnam, Saudi Arabia and Iraq, and Saudi Arabia and Kuwait.
Democracy-a governmental theory in which the supreme power is vested in the people and exercised by them directly or indirectly through a system of representation usually involving periodically held free elections. Usually a democratic country relies on a constitution which guarantees basic personal and political rights, fair and free elections and independent courts of law. Democratic states usually involve a separation of powers between the institutions of the state including the government (executive power), Parliament (legislative power) and courts of law (judicatory power). Equality and freedom are often identified as important characteristics of democracy since ancient times, as reflected in all citizens being equal before the law and having equal access to power.
Distributive justice-also known as economic justice, is about fairness in what people receive, from goods to attention. Its roots are in social order and it is at the roots of Communism, where equality is a fundamental principle. If people do not think that they are getting their fair share of something, they will seek first to gain what they believe they deserve. They may well also seek other forms of justice.
Direct Violence- the physical manifestations of violence that we commonly associate with violence. For example, the abuses, the attacks, the use of physical force against others.
Distributive justice, also known as economic justice, is about fairness in what people receive, from goods to attention. Its roots are in social order and it is at the roots of Communism, where equality is a fundamental principle.
If people do not thing that they are getting their fair share of something, they will seek first to gain what they believe they deserve. They may well also seek other forms of justice.
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Click to copyhttps://apnews.com/6cb3b5b4272b4f2bbb34c2f64e537b25
UN envoy: Libya lurching from emergencies as extremists grow
By EDITH M. LEDERERSeptember 6, 2018
UNITED NATIONS (AP) — The U.N. envoy for Libya said the country has lurched from one emergency to another in recent weeks and warned that the Islamic State extremist group is expanding its operations and Libya could become a refuge for terrorist groups of all persuasions.
Ghassan Salame told the Security Council Wednesday that “the status quo in Libya is untenable.”
He urged council members to help address the “looming threat” from the spread of extremist groups, and support economic reforms and efforts to advance the political process and move toward national elections.
Libya slid into chaos after the 2011 uprising that overthrew long-ruling dictator Moammar Gadhafi and led to his death. The country is currently governed by rival authorities in the capital Tripoli and the country’s east, each of which are backed by an array of militias. Other armed groups have carved out fiefdoms across the country, with many profiting from smuggling and extortion.
Salame said violence that consumed the capital starting Aug. 26 “shattered the facade of calm that had prevailed in Tripoli since May 2017.” Tanks and heavy artillery were deployed in residential neighborhoods leaving 61 Libyans dead and nearly 160 injured, many of them civilians including children, he said.
Tripoli was “on the brink of all-out war” until the U.N. brokered a fragile cease-fire between the major parties on Sept. 4 which it is now trying to help take root as a first step toward peace, he said.
“This crisis is but the latest in a series of crises that have engulfed Libya,” Salame stressed.
He pointed to events in Libya’s oil-rich crescent in June and July that “effectively threatened to split the country,” the Islamic State’s expanding presence and operations, and over 1,000 Chadian government and opposition forces fighting in recent weeks from bases in southern Libya.
This risks “the south becoming a regional battleground and safe haven for foreign armed groups,” he said.
Salame also pointed to hunger strikes in eastern and western Libya by refugees and asylum seekers in detention centers protesting their bleak living conditions.
On an upbeat note, he said, “In crisis lies the opportunity to tackle the underlying causes.”
“To restore stability to Libya there is a strong and urgent need to establish strong and unified civilian and military institutions which work for the benefit of all citizens,” Salame said.
In May, Fayez Serraj, prime minister of the U.N.-backed government in Tripoli, and Field Marshal Khalifa Hifter, commander of the self-styled Libyan National Army in the east, agreed on a roadmap aimed at restoring order in the country. It calls for parliamentary and presidential elections, scheduled for Dec. 10.
But U.N. experts said in a report last month that “predatory behavior” by armed groups in Libya posed a direct threat to forming a national government and ending lawlessness that has fueled Islamic militancy, human trafficking and instability in the wider region.
Salame told the Security Council that “for national elections to take place a number of conditions must be met” which “will require great efforts to achieve — but they are achievable.”
He was highly critical of the House of Representatives which has failed to deliver on promised legislation for a referendum and elections.
“They simply have no intention of relinquishing their positions,” Salame said. “They have put in place legal provisions to maintain their authority in perpetuity. ... And for the personal ambitions of a few, all Libyan citizens have paid a steep price.”
He said any rapprochement between the two legislative houses must be directed toward advancing the political process, “not to ensure their own longevity.”
“If legislation is not produced soon, we will close the chapter on this approach,” Salame warned.
“There are other ways to achieve peaceful political change, and we will embrace them with no hesitation, indeed with enthusiasm,” he said, without elaborating.
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Suspect in 1973 murder charged with sex acts on other kids
SANTA ANA, Calif. (AP) — A Colorado man charged with the 1973 murder of an 11-year-old girl in Southern California also faces charges of sex acts on two other girls.
The Orange County District Attorney’s Office on Wednesday charged 72-year-old James Neal with lewd acts on two girls under 14 years old in Riverside County between 1995 and 2004.
Neal was extradited from Colorado after he was charged with the 1973 murder of 11-year-old Linda O’Keefe in the seaside community of Newport Beach.
He is scheduled to be arraigned on March 29. He is being held without bail.
O’Keefe disappeared while she was walking home from summer school and her body was found the next day.
Investigators identified Neal as a suspect with help from genealogical DNA.
It’s unclear if he has an attorney.
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Devine Ozigbo
Ozigbo, Coughlin head list of Big Ten’s most improved
By MITCH STACYNovember 1, 2018
FILE - In this Sept. 29, 2018, file photo, Nebraska running back Devine Ozigbo (22) carries the ball during the first half of an NCAA college football game against Purdue, in Lincoln, Neb. His 493 yards and three touchdowns led the woeful Cornhuskers in rushing last season, but he’s become the team’s most-improved player this year. He’s compiled 710 rushing yards and eight touchdowns through eight games, while averaging 7.4 yards per carry. He’s reached the 100-yard mark in four of the past five games. (AP Photo/Nati Harnik, File)
COLUMBUS, Ohio (AP) — Nebraska’s Devine Ozigbo had to convince two coaching staffs that he should be the featured running back. Not until this year did the senior firmly establish himself in the job.
Under new coach Scott Frost, Ozigbo has become the team’s most-improved player. After leading the woeful Cornhuskers in rushing last year with 493 yards and three touchdowns, he’s already piled up 710 rushing yards and eight touchdowns through eight games this season. He’s averaging 7.4 yards per carry and has reached the 100-yard plateau in four of the past five games.
The 6-foot, 235-pound power back from Texas hasn’t had an easy time getting there. He started this season third on the depth chart.
Ozigbo is stronger and faster after going through a conditioning program in the offseason with new strength coach Zach Duvall, who came with Frost from Central Florida.
“He’s improved steadily and consistently since we got here,” Frost said. “The best thing I can say about him is that he persevered through a competition with several other guys, even not being the starter to begin the season. Sometimes not giving up is the key to anybody’s success, and he kept fighting and kept swinging.”
Here are other Big Ten players who should be considered for the list of most improved:
DE CARTER COUGHLIN, MINNESOTA
Coughlin is a junior who leads the Big Ten with nine sacks and three forced fumbles. He credits his skills work with first-year pass-rushing specialist coach Marcus West for improvements in his technique.
Coughlin was already a key player last season, starting every game and leading the team with 6½ sacks and 11½ tackles for loss, but he has progressed to the role of game-changer for the Gophers up front.
In the Oct. 13 loss to Ohio State, he registered seven tackles, including three for loss, two sacks and forced one fumble.
“I think Carter is a great example of what we want our program to look like,” coach P.J. Fleck said.
QB DAVID BLOUGH, PURDUE
The senior has locked in as the starter for the Boilermakers after losing the job last season because of poor decisions and dislocating his ankle in November.
This year, he’s already thrown for twice as many yards in one fewer game (2,350 to 1,103) more TDs (13 to 9) and fewer interceptions (8 to 5).
He threw for 378 yards and three touchdowns in Purdue’s 49-20 upset of Ohio State on Oct. 20.
DB/LB AMANI HOOKER, IOWA
Hooker was good a year ago, making 56 tackles, but he’s been an indispensable member of Iowa’s young and talented back seven.
The junior safety already has 39 tackles with two interceptions, and he’s played linebacker at times to help a defense that has struggled with injuries.
“He wasn’t highly recruited, but we just really liked him,” Iowa coach Kirk Ferentz said. “When he showed up, pretty much everything he’s done has been good. He’s got a great attitude.”
WR BINJIMEN VICTOR, OHIO STATE
Victor, a junior, is coach Urban Meyer’s pick for most improved Buckeye.
He’s had to compete with a deep and experienced corps of receivers for playing time and looks from quarterback Dwayne Haskins. He’ll get more now as a starter in place of Austin Mack, whose season was ended by a foot injury.
The 6-foot-4, 200-pound Mack has caught 14 passes for 236 yards and three TDs through eight games.
“He didn’t have a great spring, and he’s playing at a pretty high level,” Meyer said. “He’s still a little bit up-and-down, but when he goes, he’s a really talented guy.”
Contributing were AP sports writers Dave Campbell in Minneapolis; Eric Olson in Lincoln, Nebraska; Michael Marot in West Lafayette, Indiana; Luke Meredith in Iowa City, Iowa; and Andrew Seligman in Chicago.
More AP college football: https://apnews.com/Collegefootball and https://twitter.com/AP_Top25
Follow Mitch Stacy at http://twitter.com/mitchstacy
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Annual Report 2017-18—Compliance index
Details of the legislation establishing the body 8–9
Summary of the objects and functions of the entity as set out in the legislation 8–9
Purposes of the entity as included in the entity’s corporate plan for the period 8, 20
Name(s) of the person(s) holding the position(s) of responsible Minister(s) and the titles of the responsible Minister(s) 8
Directions given to the entity by a Minister under an Act or instrument during the period 9, 16
Government policy orders that applied in relation to the entity during the period under section 22 of the Act 3, 16
If, during the period, the entity has not complied with a direction or order referred to in paragraph (d) or (e)—particulars of the non-compliance Not applicable Annual performance statements for the entity for the period 20–56
A statement of any significant issue reported to the responsible Minister under paragraph 19(1)(e) of the Act that relates to non-compliance with the finance law in relation to the entity 14
Information on the accountable authority, or each member of the accountable authority, of the entity during the period 11, 22, 60
An outline of the organisational structure of the entity (including any subsidiaries of the entity) 10
An outline of the location (whether or not in Australia) of major activities or facilities of the entity 3, 5, 15, 16, 23
Information in relation to the main corporate governance practices used by the entity during the period 60–74
Related entity transactions 67
Any significant activities and changes that affected the operations or structure of the entity during the period 2–4, 5, 16
Particulars of judicial decisions or decisions of administrative tribunals made during the period that have had, or may have, a significant effect on the operations of the entity 71–72
Particulars of any report on the entity given during the period by:
the Auditor General, other than a report under section 43 of the Act; or 72
a Committee of either House, or of both Houses, of the Parliament or 71
the Commonwealth Ombudsman or 72
the Office of the Australian Information Commissioner 72
Obtaining information from subsidiaries 69
Details of any indemnity that applied during the period to the accountable authority, any member of the accountable authority or officer of the entity against a liability (including premiums paid, or agreed to be paid, for insurance against the authority member or officer’s liability for legal costs) Not applicable
An index identifying where the requirements of this section and section 17BF (if applicable) are to be found. 115
Other legislation: work health and safety (Work Health and Safety Act 2011) 72–73
advertising and market research (Commonwealth Electoral Act 1918) 69
ecologically sustainable development and environmental performance (Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999) 74
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The settlements: Self-entrapment of existential proportions
Published Thursday, Sep. 8, 2016, 2:47 pm
Front Page » Events » The settlements: Self-entrapment of existential proportions
Israel’s continued settlement activity—whether retroactively approving ‘unauthorized’ outposts or advancing plans for new units as was recently announced—represents yet another nail in the coffin of the peace process. The settlements have become nothing but Israel’s self-entrapment, threatening its very existence. Prime Minister Netanyahu and his coalition partners, however, are not concerned about the prospective dire repercussions of settlement activity. They put the sanctity of the land above any other consideration, and view the settlement enterprise as the prerequisite to repossessing the entire historic ‘land of Israel.’
Netanyahu is not deterred by the criticism and condemnation from the international community. He takes the position that building new housing units is largely in settlements that will eventually be part of a final status deal in exchange for land swaps, as if he has the right to unilaterally decide which settlements will be incorporated to Israel proper without an agreement with the Palestinians.
As he sees it, Israel has been building settlements for nearly five decades, and in spite of that it has not suffered any adverse consequences for its defiance of the international consensus against the settlements. Why should he worry about it now, when the international community is preoccupied with so many other conflicts in the Middle East and is unlikely to take any punitive measure against Israel other than expressing the usual indignation?
Netanyahu is even less concerned about the Palestinians’ claim that Israel’s creeping annexation of their territory creates irreversible facts on the ground that would deny them a state of their own under a two-state solution.
Netanyahu counters this argument by repeating his slogan that Israel is prepared to enter negotiations unconditionally, and that the settlements do not represent any obstacle to peace. In the same breath, however, he publicly and repeatedly states that the Jews have an inalienable historic right to the entire “land of Israel,” especially the West Bank. As such, Israel is not an occupying power and has the inherent right to establish settlements on any part of its historic land.
Netanyahu is also not bothered by the reaction of the Arab states, particularly Saudi Arabia and other Gulf states, as on the surface settlement activity puts them on the defensive precisely when they are reaching out to Israel.
This is not the case, Netanyahu insists. The Arab states are more concerned about Islamic radicalization and in particular the prospective Iranian nuclear threat. In fact, he claims the Arab states are seeking cooperation with Israel in spite of ongoing settlement expansion. They share a common cause with Israel and are focused on their own problems, viewing the Palestinians as nothing but an added burden.
Netanyahu’s message to the Israelis, especially the settlers, is that the construction of illegal outposts will retroactively be legalized, thereby signaling that they can continue this practice with impunity.
It takes Netanyahu’s typical chutzpah to call for demolishing Palestinian villages like Susiya and other housing units built on their own land while retroactively legalizing illegal Jewish settlements on Palestinian land that were expropriated by Israel, which is nothing less than a travesty.
What message does that send to the international community, and how does that square with Israel’s presumed moral standing among the community of nations? This does not seem to bother him in the least.
Netanyahu dismisses the prospect that his policy would inadvertently lead to one state, as Israel will then face two choices: one, maintain its democratic form of government by granting the Palestinians full citizenship, but in the process lose its Jewish majority and its national identity as a Jewish state; or two, deny the Palestinians citizenship, whereby Israel becomes a de-facto apartheid state, reviled and potentially sanctioned by the international community.
This, however, is not how Netanyahu and company see it. From their perspective, settling a million Jews in Israel will indeed create irreversible facts on the ground, but this is precisely what they want to realize as that would not translate to giving Palestinians Israeli citizenship and equal political rights.
What Netanyahu has in mind is for the Palestinians to establish their own cantons in Ramallah, Bethlehem, Jenin, Jericho, and other cities, governing themselves as they see fit as long as they accept their lot quietly while Israel maintains overall security throughout the West Bank.
In so doing, Israel will indefinitely remain in control of the West Bank, managing the conflict on a day-to-day basis and dealing with Palestinian violence as it occurs. For him, a state of constant tension is preferred over relinquishing the land.
Netanyahu, however, is totally blinded by his messianic mission, ruling out the possibility that the Palestinians will sooner than later rise, as they are willing to die because they have little left to lose.
In his illuminating new book The Suicide of the Jews (a must read), the futurist Tsvi Bisk describes how the various Zionist branches rationalized the occupation and eventual annexation of all Palestinian land because they truly believe “…that compromise on the land issue would not only endanger Jewish redemption but the redemption of all humanity… For religious Zionists, fidelity to the land was a divine directive and even talk about dividing the land with another people was sacrilegious.”
Netanyahu is a willing hostage to coalition partners he assembled that include staunch proponents of the settlements, such as Education Minister Naftali Bennett and Defense Minister Avigdor Lieberman.
Leave it to him to use his coalition government to provide him with the perfect excuse to continue with his policy; tragically, he is inviting disaster by putting the land above Israel’s national security, if not its very existence.
Repeated polls strongly suggest that a vast majority of Israelis and Palestinians want to end their conflict based on a two state solution.
As long as the opposition political parties cannot unite with a specific and coherent political framework based on the Arab Peace Initiative to resolve the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, Likud may well form the next government in 2019.
Likewise, as long as the Palestinians remain divided, with many of their leaders steeped in corruption, they play directly into Netanyahu’s hand. They, more than anyone else, will destroy their own prospect of realizing a statehood.
To be sure, unless Israel’s opposition parties coalesce and create a popular movement for peace, and the Palestinians organize their political affairs and negotiate with Israel in unison, it may well be too late to save them both from their own self-inflicted deadly wounds.
To listen to an audio version of this article, click here.
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A Radically Configurable Six-State Compound
Barnes, Jonathan C. and Fahrenbach, Albert C. and Cao, Dennis and Dyar, Scott M. and Frasconi, Marco and Giesener, Marc A. and Benítez, Diego and Tkatchouk, Ekaterina and Chernyashevskyy, Oleksandr and Shin, Weon Ho and Li, Hao and Sampath, Srinivasan and Stern, Charlotte L. and Sarjeant, Amy A. and Hartlieb, Karel J. and Liu, Zhichang and Carmieli, Raanan and Botros, Youssry Y. and Choi, Jang Wook and Slawin, Alexandra M. Z. and Ketterson, John B. and Wasielewski, Michael R. and Goddard, William A., III and Stoddart, J. Fraser (2013) A Radically Configurable Six-State Compound. Science, 339 (6118). pp. 429-433. ISSN 0036-8075. http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20130208-102049429
PDF - Supplemental Material
Most organic radicals possess short lifetimes and quickly undergo dimerization or oxidation. Here, we report on the synthesis by radical templation of a class of air- and water-stable organic radicals, trapped within a homo[2]catenane composed of two rigid and fixed cyclobis (paraquat-p-phenylene) rings. The highly energetic octacationic homo[2]catenane, which is capable of accepting up to eight electrons, can be configured reversibly, both chemically and electrochemically, between each one of six experimentally accessible redox states (0, 2+, 4+, 6+, 7+, and 8+) from within the total of nine states evaluated by quantum mechanical methods. All six of the observable redox states have been identified by electrochemical techniques, three (4+, 6+, and 7+) have been characterized by x-ray crystallography, four (4+, 6+, 7+, and 8+) by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, one (7+) by superconducting quantum interference device magnetometry, and one (8+) by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1228429 DOI Article
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/339/6118/429 Publisher Article
Frasconi, Marco 0000-0003-2010-175X
Sarjeant, Amy A. 0000-0002-1993-0406
Liu, Zhichang 0000-0003-3412-512X
Goddard, William A., III 0000-0003-0097-5716
Stoddart, J. Fraser 0000-0003-3161-3697
© 2013 American Association for the Advancement of Science. Received 6 August 2012; accepted 5 November 2012. The data reported in this paper are tabulated in the supplementary materials, and the crystallographic parameters of each single crystal were deposited into the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre, where they are freely available under reference numbers 855030, 855031, 855032, and 889233. We thank S. Shafaie for his expertise and assistance with high-resolution mass spectrometry, and the Integrated Molecular Structure Education and Research Center at Northwestern University for providing access to equipment for the relevant experiments. Molecular crystal images were produced using the UCSF Chimera package from the Resource for Biocomputing, Visualization, and Informatics at the University of California, San Francisco. The authors acknowledge our joint collaborators Turki S. Al-Saud and M. B. Alfageeh from the King Abdulaziz City of Science and Technology in Saudi Arabia. J.F.S. is supported by the Non-Equilibrium Energy Research Center, which is an Energy Frontier Research Center (EFRC) funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences (DOE-BES) under award DESC0000989. R.C. is supported by the Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research Center, which is an EFRC funded by DOE-BES under award DE-SC0001059. M.R.W. and S.M.D. are supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation under grant CHE-1012378. J.C.B. was supported by a National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship from the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) and gratefully acknowledges support from the Ryan Fellowship (as does D.C.) awarded under the auspices of the Northwestern University International Institute for Nanotechnology, as well as the DOD award W911NF-10-1-0510 and the DOE-BES under award DE-SC0005462. A.C.F. and D.C. are supported by a Graduate Research Fellowship from the National Science Foundation. M.A.G. was supported by a Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship from the American Chemical Society. J.F.S., D.B., E.T., and W.A.G. are funded through the Focus Center Research Program Center on Functional Engineered Nano Architectonics. J.F.S. and A.M.Z.S. were supported under the auspices of an international collaboration supported in the United States by the NSF under grant CHE-0924620 and in the United Kingdom by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council under grant EP/H003517/1. J.C.B., A.C.F., D.C., W.A.G., and J.F.S. are also supported by the World Class University program (R-31-2008-000-10055-0) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology, Republic of Korea.
Department of Energy (DOE) DE-SC0000989
NSF CHE-1012378
National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate (NDSEG) Fellowship UNSPECIFIED
Northwestern University UNSPECIFIED
Department of Defense (DoD) W911NF-10-1-0510
NSF Graduate Research Fellowship UNSPECIFIED
American Chemical Society UNSPECIFIED
Functional Engineered Nano Architectonics (FENA) UNSPECIFIED
Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) EP/H003517/1
Ministry Of Education, Science And Technology (Korea) R-31-2008-000-100550
A Radically Configurable Six-State Compound Jonathan C. Barnes, Albert C. Fahrenbach, Dennis Cao, Scott M. Dyar, Marco Frasconi, Marc A. Giesener, Diego Benítez, Ekaterina Tkatchouk, Oleksandr Chernyashevskyy, Weon Ho Shin, Hao Li, Srinivasan Sampath, Charlotte L. Stern, Amy A. Sarjeant, Karel J. Hartlieb, Zhichang Liu, Raanan Carmieli, Youssry Y. Botros, Jang Wook Choi, Alexandra M. Z. Slawin, John B. Ketterson, Michael R. Wasielewski, William A. Goddard III, and J. Fraser Stoddart Science 25 January 2013: 339 (6118), 429-433. [DOI:10.1126/science.1228429]
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Sarah Jessica Parker Has An Important Reason To Speak Out Against The EpiPen Price Hike
"I'm left disappointed, saddened and deeply concerned."
The news that pharmaceutical company Mylan is raising the price of the EpiPen has caused outrage and worry that individuals with life-threatening allergies will not be able to afford the shot. A two-pack of pens, which was $100 in 2009, will now cost as much as $600. The product's one-year expiration date adds to the concern.
Actress Sarah Jessica Parker, whose son has a serious peanut allergy, had partnered with Mylan for the Anaphylaxis For Reel campaign earlier this year to raise awareness for anaphylaxis, which affects 1 in 50 Americans.
In light of the recent price hike, Parker announced on Instagram Thursday that she is cutting ties with Mylan, saying she is "disappointed, saddened and deeply concerned" by the company's actions, which "renders the medicine cost-prohibitive for countless people."
She shared her own personal experience and understanding of the EpiPen's importance to so many people's health, writing, "The Epinephrine Auto-Injector is a vital part of our family's healthcare, as it is for the many who are at risk."
She continued, "I hope they will seriously consider the outpouring of voices of those millions of people who are dependent on the device, and take swift action to lower the cost to be more affordable for whom it is a life-saving necessity."
Parker and her son James Wilkie
Meanwhile, Mylan announced this week that it would offer savings cards to lessen the cost and expand eligibility for patients to receive financial assistance. However, many people disappointed in the company's decision say this is not enough.
Sen. Richard Blumenthal of Connecticut, for instance, called it "a PR fix more than a real remedy" and added, "What's needed is robust, real action to lower the price for everyone, not just a select few."
Cover image via Instagram
(H/T: Huffington Post)
Tags: epipen, mylan, sarah jessica parker
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Colombian officials announced a historic peace agreement with FARC.
Woman Details What It's Like To Love Yourself Unconditionally — And It's A Beautiful Thing
"The more that you make your body happy, the more it will make you happy back."
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All posts tagged Lee Krasner
50 Women Artists You Should Know (2008)
This is a much better book than the Taschen volume which I’ve just read – Women artists in the 20th and 21st century edited by Uta Grosenick (2003) – for several reasons:
1. Although, like the Taschen book, this was also originally a German publication, it has been translated into much better English. It reads far more fluently and easily.
2. It is much bigger at 24cm by 19cm, so the illustrations are much bigger, clearer and more impactful. There is more art and less text and that, somehow, irrationally, but visually, makes women’s art seem a lot more significant and big and important.
Judith beheading Holofernes (1602) by Artemisia Gentileschi
3. It is a chronological overview of the last 500 years of women’s art. As I explained in my review of the Taschen book, because so many female artists have come to prominence since the 1960s and 70s when traditional art more or less collapsed into a welter of performance art, body art, conceptual art, video, photography, digital art and so on, that book gave an overall impression that 20th century women’s art was chaotic, messy and sex-obsessed, with only occasional oases of old-style painting to cling on to.
By contrast, this book gives a straightforward chronological list of important women artists starting with Catharina Van Hemessen born in 1528 and moving systematically forwards through all the major movements of Western art – Renaissance, Mannerism, Baroque, Rococo, Neo-Classical, Romantic, Victorian Realist, Impressionist, Fauvist and so on. It kind of establishes and beds you in to the long line of successful women artists who worked in all the Western styles, long before it arrives at the chaotic 60s and beyond.
4. The Taschen book – again because of its modern focus – invoked a lot of critical theory to analyse and explicate its artists. Here, in stark contrast, the entries are overwhelming factual and biographical, focusing on family background, cultural and historical context, the careers and achievements of these women artists. Although this is, in principle, a more traditional and conservative way of writing about art, the net result is the opposite. Whereas you can dismiss great swathes of the Taschen book for being written in barely-comprehensible artspeak, this book states clearly and objectively the facts about a long succession of tremendously successful and influential women artists. It’s all the more effective for telling it straight.
To sum up, 50 Women Artists You Should Know makes a really powerful argument for asserting that there have been major women artists at every stage of Western art, holding important positions, forging successful careers, creating really great works, influencing others, contributing and shaping the whole tradition.
It is the History of Western Art, but done through women, and women only.
Self-Portrait (1790) by Elizabeth Louise Vigée Le Brun
Quite simply it destroys forever the idea that there haven’t been any significant women artists until the modern era. There were loads.
Ironically, this goes a long way to undermining the common feminist argument that women have been banned, held back, suppressed and prevented from engaging in art for most of history. This book proves the opposite is the case: again and again we read of women artists in the 17th and 18th centuries being encouraged by their fathers and families, supported through art school, securing important official positions (many becoming court painters), being given full membership of art academies, awarded prestigious prizes, and making lots of money. It’s quite a revelation. I never knew so many women artists were so very successful, rich and famous in their times.
Take some examples:
Surprisingly successful woman artists
1. Old Mistresses
Catharina Van Hemessen (1528-1587) Trained in the Netherlands by her father Jan van Hemessen, Catharina specialised in portraits which fetched a good price. She was invited to the court of Spain by the art-loving Mary of Hungary.
Sofonisba Anguissola (1532-1625) her art studies paid for by her father who networked with rulers and artists to promote her career, Sofonisba was invited to Spain by King Philip II to become art teacher to 14-year-old Queen Isabella of Valois. By the time Isabella died, young Sofonisba had painted portraits of the entire Spanish court. She went to Italy where she taught pupils and was sought out by Rubens and Van Dyck.
Three Sisters playing chess (1555) by Sofonisba Anguissola
Lavinia Fontana (1552-1614) Trained by her artist father, Fontana became a sought-after portraitist, even being commissioned by Pope Gregory XIII to paint his portrait. She married a fellow artist who recognised her superior talent and became her manager, helping her paint a number of altar paintings. – Venus and Cupid (1592)
Artemisia Gentileschi (1598-1652) Taught by her father who was a successful baroque painter, Artemisia moved to Florence and was the only woman admitted to the Accademia del Disegno. She painted dynamic and strikingly realistic Bible scenes. In her 40s she was invited to paint at the court of King Charles I of England. – Susanna and the Elders (1610)
Judith Leyster (1609-1660) Unusually, Judith wasn’t the daughter of an artist but made her way independently, studying with the master of the Haarlem school, Frans Hals, before at the age of 24 applying to join the Guild of St Luke. – Boy playing the flute (1635)
Rosalba Carriera (1675-1757) forged a lucrative career as a portraitist in pastels in her native Venice with a clientele which included the Elector Maximilian of Bavaria, the Danish King Frederick IV. In 1739 the Elector Frederick Augustus II of Saxony bought her entire output of paintings which is why Dresden Art Gallery has 150 of her pastels. In 1720 she was invited to Paris by an eminent banker who gave her a large suite of rooms and introduced her to the court. – The Air (1746)
Anna Dorothea Therbusch (1721-1782) Seventh child of the Prussian court painter Georg Lisiewski, Anna received a thorough training and went on to a successful career painting portraits around the courts of Europe, being admitted to the Stuttgart Academy of Arts, the Academy in Bologna, the Academie Royale de Peinture et Sculpture in Paris, the Academy of Fine Arts in Vienna, working at the end of her life for Tsarina Catherine II of Russia. – Self-portrait (1776)
Angelica Kauffman (1741-1807) Kauffman was encouraged from an early age by her father, himself a portrait and fresco painter, who helped his child prodigy daughter go on to become one of the leading painters of her day, known across Europe as a painter of feminine subjects, of sensibility and feeling, praised by Goethe and all who met her. – Self-portrait torn between music and Painting (1792)
Elisabeth Vigée-Lebrun (1755-1842) was taught by her father the painter Louis Vigée, soon attracted the attention of aristocratic French society and was invited to Versailles by Marie-Antoinette to paint her portrait, eventually doing no fewer than 20. Forced into exile by the French revolution, she eventually returned to France, continuing to paint, in total some 800 works in the new classical, unadorned style and published three volumes of memoirs. – Portrait of Countess Golovine (1800)
Rosa Bonheur‘s father was a drawing master who encouraged her artistic tendencies. She sketched and then painted the animals of her native Bordeaux and struck it rich with a work called The Horse Market which made a sensation at the Salon of 1853. An enterprising dealer had it displayed all round the country, then sent to England where Queen Victoria gave it her endorsement, and then on to America. It toured for three years made her a name and rich. She bought a farmhouse with the proceeds and carried on working in it with her partner Nathalie Micas.
Horse Fair (1835) by Rosa Bonheur
2. Modern women painters
Somewhere in the later 19th century in France, Modern Art starts and carries on for 50 or so years, till the end of the Great War.
Berthe Morisot (1841-1895) was the female Impressionist, her family being close to that of Manet, so that she got to meet his circle which included Pissarro, Degas, Cezanne, Sisley, Monet and Renoir. She had nine paintings in the first Impressionist exhibition of 1874 and exhibited in each of the subsequent Impressionist shows until 1886. – Reading with green umbrella (1873).
Lady at her Toilette (1875) by Berthe Morisot
Mary Cassatt (1845-1926) studied at the Academy of Fine Arts in Philadelphia before moving to Paris where she was taken up by Degas and exhibited in the 1879 Impressionist exhibition. Later in life she was awarded the Legion d’Honneur and the Pennsylvania Academy of Arts Gold Medal. – Woman in a loge (1879)
By the time Cecilia Beaux (1855-1942) was 30 she was one of the leading portrait painters in America. I love Reverie or the Dreamer (1894).
Elizabeth Armstrong Forbes (1859-1912) was Canadian, moved to New York, Venice, Munich, to Pont Aven where she experimented with the new plein air technique, but it was only when she moved on from London to Newlyn in Cornwall and married the artist Stanhope Alexander Forbes, that Elizabeth found a permanent home. The couple went ton to establish the Newlyn School of open air painting in Cornwall. – A Fish Sale on a Cornish Beach (1885)
Gabriele Münter (1877-1962) progressed through the Munich Art Academy and is famous for the affair she had with Russian avant-garde painter Wassily Kandinsky. They bought a house in 1909 which became a focal point for the painters of the Blue Rider movement, Franz Marc, August Macke and so on. Her clear bold draughtsmanship and forceful colours are well suited to reproduction. – Self-portrait (1909), Jawlensky and Werefkin (1909).
3. Twentieth century great women artists
Summer Days (1937) by Georgia O’Keeffe
Georgia O’Keeffe (1887-1986) was the first woman to be the subject of a major retrospective at the New York Museum of Modern Art (1946). Her paintings are super-real, occasionally sur-real, images of desert landscapes and flowers.
Georgia O’Keeffe @ Tate Modern
Hannah Höch (1889-1978) famous for the photomontages she produced as part of the Dada movement. – Cut with Kitchen Knife DADA through Germany’s Last Weimar Beer Belly Culture Era (1920)
Tamara de Lempicka (1898-1980) fabulously stylish images of 1920s women caught in a kind of shiny metallic blend of Art Deco and Futurism. What is not to worship? – The telephone (1930) Auto-portrait (1929)
Frida Kahlo (1907-1954) politically active Mexican artist who painted herself obsessively, often in surreal settings although she denied being a Surrealist. – The Broken Column (1944).
The Two Fridas (1939) by Frida Kahlo
Lee Krasner (1908-1984) American abstract expressionist, worked as a mural painting assistant for socially conscious works commissioned by the Federal Art Project before developing an interest in abstract art and exhibiting in the 1941 show by the Association of American Abstract Artists. In that year she met the king of the abstract expressionists, Jackson Pollock, and married him four years later leading to an intense period where they influenced each other. After his death in 1956 she developed a new style taking the natural world as subject. – Abstract number 2 (1948)
Abstract Expressionism @ the Royal Academy
Louise Bourgeois (1911-1993)
Meret Oppenheim (1913-1985) was only 23 when she created the work she’s known for, Object – a cup, saucer and spoon covered in the furry skin of a gazelle. – Object (1936)
Eva Hesse (1936-1970) died tragically young but not before making a range of stimulating abstract sculptures. – Accession II (1967)
4. Contemporary women artists
With Hesse’s work (maybe with Louise Bourgeois’s) the book swings decisively away from traditional art, from oil painting and recognisable sculptures, into the world of installations, happenings, performances, body art, conceptual art, the style of art we still live among. This means, in practice, fewer reproductions of 2-D works and a lot of photographs.
Rebecca Horn (b.1944) German. Rooms filled with objects, photographs, films, video, mechanical works made from everyday objects. – River of the moon (1992)
The Feathered Prison Fan ( 1978) by Rebecca Horn
Barbara Kruger (b.1945) American leading conceptual artist noted for large-format collages of images and texts. – Your body is a battleground (1989), We don’t need another hero (1987).
Marina Abramovic (b. 1946) Yugoslav performance artist often directly using her body, sometimes going to extremes and inflicting pain. In The Lovers: walk on the great wall of China her boyfriend started walking in the Gobi desert while she started from the Yellow Sea and they walked towards each other, meeting on the Great Wall whereupon they split up. In Balkan Baroque she spent four days surrounded by video installations and copper basins cleaning with a handbrush 5,500 pounds of cattle bones. – Balkan Baroque (1997)
Isa Genzken (b.1948) German artist producing abstract sculptures and large-scale installations. – Schauspieler II (2014)
Jenny Holzer (b.1950) American ‘neo-conceptualist’ famous for her projection of texts, often pretty trite, in large public spaces. – Jenny Holzer webpage. In her hands art really does become as trite and meaningless as T-shirt slogans.
Abuse of power comes as no surprise (2017) by Jenny Holzer
Mona Hatoum (b.1952) Palestinian video and installation artist, producing dramatic performances, videos and unnerving installations. – Undercurrent (2008). In 1982 she did a performance, standing naked in a plastic box half full of mud struggling to stand up and ‘escape’ for fours hours. – Under siege (1982) I love the look of the crowd, the sense of complete disengagement as a pack of blokes watch a naked woman covered in mud.
Kiki Smith (b.1954) German-born American who, like so many modern women artists, is obsessed with the female body, in this version stripped and flayed as per Gray’s Anatomy. – Untitled (1990)
Cindy Sherman (b.1954) American photographer and art film director. Lots of photos of herself dressed as historical characters or as stereotypical ‘types’ from Hollywood movies, ‘questioning stereotypical depictions of “the feminine”‘. As she’s gotten older her the subjects have changed to spoofing Old Master paintings, and she increasingly uses dummies and models in her mock-ups. – Untitled film still #206 (1989)
Shirin Neshat (b.1957) Iranian visual artist producing black and white photos of women in Iran e.g. her series Women of Allah. Her videos emphasise the distinction between West and East, men and women.
Still from Rapture (2000) by Shirin Neshat
Pipilotti Rist (b.1962) Video artist who works with video, film and moving images, generally of herself. – Selfless in the bath of lava (1994)
Tracey Emin CBE (b.1963) English artist making provocations, interventions, installations which are often powerfully autobiographical, like the tent, the unmade bed. Also hundreds of scratchy prints. – Everyone I have ever slept with (1995), My bed (1999).
Tacita Dean OBE (b.1965) English visual artist working in film and photography. – Bubble House (1999), The Green Ray (2001).
End thought
I’m not sure – it may be because I’m simply exhausted at the end of this thorough survey – but it does feel to me as if the contemporary art of women born in the 40s, 50s and 60s, with its interventions, installations, film and video and photos and happenings and performances – is somehow much the most unhappy, most neurotic, self-punishing and self-flagellating body of work, than that of any previous era.
Maybe their work simply reflects Western society as a whole, which has got richer and richer and somehow, as in a children’s fable, more and more miserable.
50 Women Artists You Should Know on Amazon
Related book reviews
Women artists in the 20th and 21st century
Reviews of exhibitions of women artists I’ve been to
Vanessa Bell @ Dulwich Picture Gallery
Emily Carr @ Dulwich Picture Gallery
Metamorphoses by PJ Crook @ The Royal West of England Academy
Sonia Delaunay @ Tate Modern
Tracey Emin – My Bed and J.M.W. Turner @ Turner Contemporary
Barbara Hepworth: Sculpture for a Modern World @ Tate Britain
Emily Jacir: Europa @ Whitechapel Art Gallery
Tove Jansson @ Dulwich Picture House
Winifred Knights @ Dulwich Picture Gallery
Rachel Whiteread @ Tate Britain
Agnes Martin @ Tate Modern
Conflict, Time, Photography @ Tate Modern included the photography of Jane and Louise Wilson, Sophie Ristelhüber and Ursula Schulz-Dornberg.
The American Dream: pop to the present @ the British Museum included prints by Helen Frankenthaler, Carroll Dunham, Ida Applebroog, Dotty Attie, Kiki Smith, Lee Lozano, Louise Bourgeois, Emma Amos, Kara Walker
The World Goes Pop @ Tate Modern included work by Joan Rabascall, Kiki Kogelnik, Judy Chicago, Evelyne Axell, Ángela García, Mari Chordà, Jana Želibská, Dorothée Selz, Beatriz González, Anna Maiolino, Uwe Lausen, Eulàlia Grau, Ulrike Ottinger, Nicola L, Ruth Francken, Ángela García, Mari Chordà, Marta Minujín, Isabel Oliver, Teresa Burga, Martha Rosler, Dorothée Selz, Delia Cancela, Renate Bertlmann, Chryssa Vardea, Romanita Disconzi, Natalia Lach-Lachowicz (Natalia LL), Sanja Iveković.
Strange and Familiar: Britain as Revealed by International Photographers @ Barbican included works by Edith Tudor-Hart, Evelyn Hofer, Candida Höfer, Tina Barney and Rineke Dijkstra.
The World of Charles and Ray Eames @ Barbican featured the design work of Ray Eames.
America after the Fall @ the Royal Academy included a section on Georgia O’Keeffe.
Abstract Expressionism @ the Royal Academy included works by Lee Krasner, Janet Sobel, Joan Mitchell and Louise Nevelson.
A Crisis of Brilliance @ Dulwich Picture Gallery included work by Dora Carrington
Art and Life @ Dulwich Picture Gallery included work by Winifred Nicholson.
Queer British Art 1861-1967 @ Tate Britain included works by Gluck, Ethel Sands, Clare Atwood, Ethel Walker, Laura Knight, Cecile Walton.
Ruin Lust @ Tate Britain included works by Jane and Louise Wilson, Rachel Whiteread, Tacita Dean and Laura Oldfield Ford.
Shoes: Pleasure and Pain @ Victoria & Albert Museum featured the work of shoe designers including Sandra Choi, Caroline Groves, Vivienne Westwood, Sophia Webster, Fleur Oaks, Zaha Hadid.
Killer Heels @ the Brooklyn Museum featured work by shoe designers like Westwood and Hadid, but also stunning videos by Marilyn Minter, Leanie van der Vyver.
Posted in Art, Feminism, History
Tagged 2008, 50 Women Artists You Should Know, Abstract Expressionism, Angelica Kauffman, Anna Dorothea Therbusch, art, Art Deco, Artemisia Gentileschi, artist, August Macke, Barbara Kruger, Baroque, Berthe Morisot, Blue Rider, Catharina Van Hemessen, Cecilia Beaux, Cindy Sherman, Elisabeth Vigée-Lebrun, Elizabeth Armstrong Forbes, Eva Hesse, Feminism, Franz Marc, Frida Kahlo, Futurism, Gabriele Münter, Georgia O'Keeffe, Hannah Höch, Impressionism, Isa Genzken, Jenny Holzer, Judith Leyster, Kandinsky, Kiki Smith, Lavinia Fontana, Lee Krasner, Louise Bourgeois, Marina Abramovic, Mary Cassatt, Meret Oppenheim, Mona Hatoum, Newlyn School, painter, Pipilotti Rist, Rebecca Horn, Rococo, Rosa Bonheur, Rosalba Carriera, Shirin Neshat, Sofonisba Anguissola, Tacita Dean, Tamara de Lempicka, Tracey Emin, woman artist
https://astrofella.wordpress.com/2017/11/27/50-women-artists-you-should-know/
Women artists in the 20th and 21st century ed. Uta Grosenick (2003)
Taschen is an art book publisher founded in 1980 by Benedikt Taschen in Cologne, Germany. They specialise in publishing art books about less well-covered topics including queer, fetish and erotic art. This relatively small-format (15.3 x 20 cm), high-gloss art book does what it says on the tin and features four-page spreads on 46 women artists of the 20th and 21st centuries – each gets two pages of text about them facing two pages of representative images, whether paintings, sculptures, photos of installations or performances etc.
The text is sourced from a range of experts on the various artists, but they and the introduction by Ute Grosenick, are all translated from the German. The resulting prose often feels heavy, in fact is sometimes incomprehensible – and is not helped by the liberal use of the kind of artbollocks which is required to explain and make sense of most of the artists from the 1960s onwards.
Wordy yet uninformative
Here’s the opening of the article about Andrea Zittel.
An inundation of stimuli and pressure to consume are two of the operative terms continually used with regard to the influence of mass culture on the individual. The former supposedly leads to distraction and nervous overloading, the latter to an awakening of futile needs, prestige thinking, and meaningless superficiality. Andreas Zittel’s blithe ‘applied art’, at first glance ascetic but in fact quite sensuous, can be interpreted against the background of this discussion. She stands, as it were, on the other shore and her mundane ‘art world’ lacks every form of moralising attack, overhasty critique, or complaining cultural pessimism. Rather, the lifestyle she offers is rife with both pragmatic and utopian aspects, and upholds the dignity of the individual within mass culture without losing sight of the factor of desire. (p.186)
On the basis of this passage what do you think Zittel’s art consists of or looks like? Would you expect to see paintings, installations, sculptures, film or video?
For me the key word in this verbose, pseudo-intellectual but strangely prim (‘with regard to’) and ultimately uninformative style is ‘supposedly’. The use of this word in the second sentence undermines the whole of the remainder of the paragraph. It indicates that the writer (Raimar Stange) is hedging their bets. Mass culture and consumer culture ‘supposedly’ lead to nervous overload and superficiality.
Stange invokes these concepts (which are key to understanding Zittel’s resistance to them) but is anxious to emphasise that she is not so naive as to actually ‘believe’ in them. No, the use of ‘supposedly’ indicates that she is dealing with ideas which may satisfy the mainstream media and uneducated plebs, but that you and I – who have read our Foucault and Lacan and Barthes and Derrida and Deleuze (heavily referenced in her text) always use with forceps (even if we are forced by the demands of publishing and writing for morons) to base our entire analysis of a living artist on them.
She wants to use pretty straightforward banal truisms of our time to explain Zittel’s work – but she is painfully aware that the ideas she’s invoking are, well, pretty commonplace, and so writes supposedly just to let us know that she’s cleverer than that. She’s having her cake and eating it.
(If you want to understand what Zittel’s very distinctive ‘art’ is like and how it ‘lacks every form of moralising attack, overhasty critique, or complaining cultural pessimism [but ] rather …. offers a lifestyle rife with both pragmatic and utopian aspects, and upholds the dignity of the individual within mass culture without losing sight of the factor of desire’ check out her Wikipedia page, where you will discover that some of those descriptions are actually very accurate – once her project has actually been explained a bit.)
Alternatively, the writers resort to clichés and truisms. Admittedly, writing about art is difficult. Having read all the introductions and all the wall labels for over 100 exhibitions over the past five years I am all-too-aware of how you have to say something, and so there is a terrible temptation to just fill up the space with plausible-sounding padding. Still, there’s no excuse for just writing empty clichés.
Which artist would you say this is describing?
This is an art on a continual search for the meaning and possibility of personal identity, which both emotionally appeals to and intellectually challenges the viewer. (p.44)
It could be quite literally about any artist, ever.
Alphabetic order
The artists are arranged in alphabetical order, which is one way to do it. But an unintended consequence is that the first 40 or 50 pages are of modern artists, whose work, dating from the 1960s and afterwards, tends to be highly experimental, with lots of installations, photos of performances, film and video and so on.
Women’s bodies / sex
Also women artists from this era often depicted the naked female body in ways designed to subvert the way it’s depicted in ‘traditional’ male art, undermine ‘the male gaze’ and so on. But the unintended cumulative effect is of lots of chaotic scenes and naked women. The Vanessa Beecroft entry features 16 colour photographs of extremely attractive naked or scantily clad woman. We’re still on B and this tends to set the tone for the way we read – and see the images of women in – the rest of the book.
Imponderabilia (1977) by Marina Abramovic ‘Body material’
VB 36.048 by Vanessa Beecroft ‘Waiting for beauty’
Teenage girls on a beach by Rineke Dijkstra ‘Identity and gaze’
Caressing the Pole (2000) by Marlene Dumas ‘Identity as interpretation’
Blinding (2000) by Tracey Emin ‘The tyranny of intimacy’
Genital panic (1969) by VALIE EXPORT In 1968 Waltraud Lehner (who had renamed herself VALIE EXPORT) cut a hole in the crotch of some trousers and walked through a cinema with her naked crotch at viewers’ head height. ‘Her action was intended to confront and communicate the cliché of women’s cinematic representation as passive objects. This was aimed to change people’s seeing and thinking.’ In fact the most striking thing for me was how hairy her crotch is (and the crotches of most of the nekkid women in these photos). Modern pornography, fashion shoots and pop videos by the likes of Miley Cyrus have accustomed us to images of women who are completely hairless at crotch and armpits. Looking at many of these old photos reminds me of the notoriously hairy illustrations of the ‘scandalous’ book of the period, The Joy of Sex (1972), whose male figure was full bearded and about as hairy as a man could be. Illustration from The Joy of Sex. It was the early 70s man. Let it all hang out.
Chelsea Lights by Elke Krystufek
Take, for example, the work of Viennese artist Elke Krystufek (b.1970). Her entry begins by describing how, at a 1994 group exhibition JETZTZEIT, she bared her breasts and masturbated in a mock-up of a comfortable bathroom in front of gallery guests, starting with her hand and progressing to using a dildo and vibrator. After she climaxed in front of everyone, she got into the bathwater and relaxed.
As in many of Krystufek’s works, the performance addressed the interrelationship between (male) gaze and (auto)erotic pleasure, as well as the interplay between artistically staged identity, feminist emancipation, and the female body. What at first sight may seem like a crude and narcissistic provocation, brusquely ignoring the distinction between the public and private spheres, turns out in the end to be a deliberate game in which social orders and their unconscious normative ascription – intent on authoritatively determining all expressions of sexuality – are consciously subverted. (p.116)
I know plenty of men who’d love to have watched their ‘unconscious normative ascriptions’ being subverted in this way. I wonder if she videoed it? Can’t find it on YouTube, but there is this work, which, I think you’ll agree, pretty much annihilates the Male Gaze.
Here’s another ‘subversive’ work by Marlene Dumas.
Fingers (1999)
‘Because the images are culled from porn magazines, sex in Dumas’ paintings is stripped of its erotic charge’. Got that? These images have no erotic content whatsoever.
Phallocentrism and the castrated woman
In a 1973 essay titled ‘Visual pleasure and Narrative Cinema’, the film director, scholar and feminist Laura Mulvey examined the relationship between the patriarchal unconscious, the pleasure derived from looking , and the conventional image of woman in cinema and society. Male phallocentrism, Mulvey observed, has defined woman’s role in society as ‘an image of the castrated woman.’ In order to ‘arrive at a new language of desire’, this definition must first be analysed, after which the (visual) pleasure derived from perceiving these images should be destroyed. (p.116)
44 years later I wonder how the project to destroy the visual pleasure to be derived from viewing ‘the conventional image of woman in cinema and society’ is getting on. Maybe it will take a few years more. Or decades. Or centuries.
Away from hard core sexual imagery, ‘traditional’ art – in the form of oil painting – is relatively rare in this book. The names which stand out are Sonia Delaunay, Natalia Goncharova, Frida Kahlo, Lee Krasner, Tamara de Lempicka, Georgia O’Keeffe and Bridget Riley, with Barbara Hepworth as a ‘traditional’ Modernist sculptor. Reading their entries is a relief because there is a lot less about masturbation, sex, vaginas, gender and identity.
Also their work, being so traditionally restricted to painting and sculpture, has been thoroughly assimilated and so is easy and so is a ‘pleasure’ to read.
Middle way
But there is another group, a sort of middle way of plenty of women artists who don’t feel the need to masturbate in public, paint themselves or other women naked or generally harp on about female sexuality. There are plenty of strange and interesting women artists.
Hanne Darboven’s obsession with numbers which seems to have led to walls covered with sheets of papers with various mathematical formulae or combinations of numbers all over them – Wunschkonzert (1984)
Isa Genzken’s abstract sculptures – Guardini (1987)
Mona Hatoum’s cool detached sculptural objects – Kapan (2012). She is now widely acknowledged as one of the leading living artists in the world.
Eva Hesse’s minimalist sculptures – Right After (1969)
Rebecca Horn – admittedly more naked women, but in a genuinely beautiful, aesthetic way – Unicorn (1969), and the later work seems entirely abstract – High Noon (1991)
Kiki Smith – disturbing installations featuring animals and birds – Jersey Crows (1995)
The list of artists
I’ve read criticism saying there’s a bias in the artists selected towards German and European artists, though the bias I noticed was towards American artists. A third of them are or were based in New York, testimony to the centrality of that city – centre of global capitalism, awash with bankers’ money – to the post-war art world.
Here’s the full list. I indicate country of origin and country where they ended up working, link off to some works, and link their names to reviews of exhibitions about or featuring them:
Marina Abramovic – b. 1946 birthplace Yugoslavia, Workplace Amsterdam – Performances
Eija-Liisa Ahtila – b.1959 Finland, Finland – The House (2002) 14 min DVD
Laurie Anderson – b.1947 Chicago, New York – Home of the brave
Vanessa Beecroft – b.1969 Italy, New York – VB45 (2001)
Louise Bourgeois – b.1911 Paris, New York – Cell
Lygia Clark – b.1920 Brazil, Brazil – A Morte do Plano (1960)
Hanne Darboven – b.1941 Germany, New York
Sonia Delaunay – b.1885 Ukraine, Paris
Rineke Dijkstra – b.1959 Netherlands, Netherlands
Marlene Dumas – b.1953 South Africa, Amsterdam
Tracey Emin – b.1963 England, London
VALIE EXPORT – b.1940 Austria, Cologne – Action Pants, Genital Panic (1969)
Sylvie Fleury – b. 1961 Geneva, Geneva
Isa Genzken – b.1948 Germany, Germany
Nan Goldin – b.1953 Washington, New York
Natalia Goncharova – b.1881 Russia, Paris
Guerilla Girls –
Mona Hatoum – b.1952 Beirut, London
Barbara Hepworth – b.1903 Yorkshire, St Ives
Eva Hesse – b.1936 Hamburg, New York
Hannah Höch – b.1889 Germany, Berlin
Candida Höfer – b.1944 Germany, Germany
Jenny Holzer – b.1950 Ohio, New York
Rebecca Horn – b.1944 Germany, Germany
Frida Kahlo – b.1907 Mexico, Mexico
Lee Krasner – b. 1908 New York, New York
Barbara Kruger – b.1945 New Jersey, New York
Elke Krystufek – b.1970 Vienna, Vienna
Tamara de Lempicka – b.1898 Warsaw, Mexico
Sarah Lucas – b.1962 London, London
Annette Messager – b.1943 France, Paris
Mariko Mori – b.1967 Tokyo, New York
Shirin Neshat – b.1957 Iran, New York
Louise Nevelson – b.1899 Kiev, New York
Georgia O’Keeffe – b.1887 Wisconsin, Santa Fe
Meret Oppenheim – b.1913 Berlin, Basle
Elizabeth Peyton – b.1965 Connecticut, New York
Adrian Piper – b.1948 New York, Cape Cod
Bridget Riley – b.1931 London, London
Pipilotti Rist – b.1962 Switzerland, Switzerland
Niki de Saint Phalle – b.1930 France, California
Cindy Sherman – b.1954 New Jersey, New York
Kiki Smith – b.1954 Nuremberg, New York
Rosemarie Trockel – b.1952 Germany, Germany
Rachel Whiteread – b.1963 London, London – House (1993)
Andrea Zittel – b. 1965 California, New York – A-Z
Insights from Ute Grosenick’s introduction
In the second paragraph of the introduction Ute Grosenick says there is a ‘gender war’ going on. Alright. It does seem likely when you read any academic work about modern art or any newspaper.
It’s interesting to learn that the first women-only exhibition was held in Amsterdam in 1884. Women-only exhibitions were held in Paris in 1908 and 1918. But there were few female art teachers, women members of national art academies, women art dealers networking among women artists, as well as bans on women attending some or all classes in most art schools.
Grosenick gives the impression that there were two great boom periods in 20th century art:
The decade from just before to just after the Great War saw Art Nouveau, Expressionism, Fauvism, Futurism, Cubism, Vorticism, Constructivism, Dada, Abstract Art, Neue Sachlichkeit and Surrealism.
The decade from the mid-60s to the mid-70s saw an explosion in the possibilities and definitions of art, exemplified by Pop Art, Op Art, Conceptual Art, Land Art, Fluxus, Arte Povera, Happenings, Performance Art, Body Art and Minimalism.
She says the 1980s were ‘a decade of disillusionment for most women artists’.
She says that the rise of gender studies in universities reflects the way ‘the critical examination of the significance of one’s own and other people’s gender… is becoming ever more central to art’. In my experience of recent exhibitions, I would say that gender and identity are becoming almost the only way in which gallerists and curators can now relate to art.
Women artists in the 20th and 21st century on Amazon
50 Women artists you should know
A Crisis of Brilliance @ Dulwich Picture Gallery included work by Dora Carrington.
Queer British Art 1861-1967 @ Tate Britain included works by Dora Carrington, Gluck, Ethel Sands, Clare Atwood, Ethel Walker, Laura Knight, Cecile Walton.
Killer Heels @ the Brooklyn Museum featured work by shoe designers like Westwood and Hadid, but also videos by Marilyn Minter, Leanie van der Vyver.
Posted in Art, Feminism, Photography, politics, Sculpture, Sex
Tagged 2003, Agnes Martin, art, Barbara Hepworth, Barbara Kruger, Bridget Riley, Cady Noland, Candida H?fer, Candida Höfer, Carolee Schneemann, Cindy Sherman, Elaine Sturtevant, Elizabeth Peyton, Ellen Gallagher, Eva Hesse, Feminism, Frida Kahlo, Georgia O'Keeffe, Germaine Richier, Hannah Höch, Hanne Darboven, Isa Genzken, Janine Antoni, Jenny Holzer, Kara Walker, Katharina Fritsch, Kiki Smith, Laurie Anderson, Lee Krasner, Louise Bourgeois, Louise Lawler, Louise Nevelson, Mariko Mori, Marina Abramovic, Marlene Dumas, Meret Oppenheim, Nan Goldin, Nancy Holt, Natalia Goncharova, Niki de Saint Phalle, Pae White, Pipilotti Rist, Rachel Whiteread, Rebecca Horn, Rineke Dijkstra, Rosemarie Trockel, Sherrie Levine, Shirin Neshat, Sonia Delaunay, Susan Rothenberg, Sylvie Fleury, Tamara de Lempicka, Toba Khedoori, Tracey Emin, Tracey Moffatt, Uta Grosenick, Valie Export, Vanessa Beecroft, women, Women artists in the 20th and 21st century, women's art
https://astrofella.wordpress.com/2017/11/26/women-artists-in-the-20th-and-21st-century-uta-grosenick/
Abstract Expressionism edited by David Anfam (2016)
This is the catalogue or book of the 2016 Royal Academy exhibition of Abstract Expressionism – ‘arguably the most significant movement of the twentieth century’ (Christopher Le Brun) – the first large retrospective in this country since 1959.
It’s a massive hardback book, 320 pages long, and containing:
four long essays – by exhibition curator David Anfam, Susan Davidson, Jeremy Lewison, Carter Ratcliff
a twenty-page chronology of the movement
followed by 200 pages of illustrations of paintings and sculptures, then a further section of watercolours and sketches, and then key photographs from the era
Several thoughts arise from a slow careful perusal of this enormous tome.
Earlier than realised
Although I associate it with the 1950s, and the style did indeed dominate that decade, the creation, labelling, and publicising of Abstract Expressionism all happened in the 1940s. It was as early as 1946 that the art critic Robert Coates, writing in The New Yorker, first used the term ‘Abstract Expressionism’, perceptively describing how the new school took the anti-figurative aesthetic of modernist French and Dutch artists but combined it with the emotional intensity of the German Expressionists.
It was even earlier, in 1943, that Jackson Pollock was talent spotted by the rich heiress Peggy Guggenheim, signed up to her gallery and given his first one-man exhibition, invited to paint a mural in the entrance to her New York apartment (Mural – ‘the first outstanding large-scale painterly abstraction ever created in America’, p.33). This was seen by umpteen influential visitors including the critic Clement Greenberg who promptly wrote an article declaring Pollock ‘the greatest painter this country had produced.’ To step back a bit, this was all happening in the same year as the Battle of Stalingrad i.e. the first decisive defeat of Nazi Germany, and the Allied invasion of Italy. The Second World War hadn’t even finished yet. Nobody knew about the Holocaust.
It was still only in the 1940s that Abstract Expressionism was reaching a mass audience – August 8, 1949 to be precise – when Pollock was given a four-page spread in Life magazine that asked, ‘Is he the greatest living painter in the United States?’ and which projected him to nationwide superstar-artist fame. The next year he dropped his trademark ‘drip’ technique, which in fact only lasted the short period from 1947 to 1950, in order to explore new styles. Neither the critics nor buyers were interested. They wanted more drips. ‘Play us the old songs, Jackson.’ Given the pressures and the spotlight, it’s surprising that he soldiered on till 1956 before dying in a drunken car crash which might have been suicide.
This all lends support to the revisionist view of Stephen Polcari, that the Abstract Expressionists were not responding to the crises of the Cold War – though that is how they were marketed and perceived at the time – but in fact had their roots in the social, economic, and political crises of the 1930s, when they were all impressionable young men. If they shared a tragic sense it was shaped by the Great Depression, the rise of Fascism, the war in Spain and then the descent into darkness of the entire continent whence ‘civilisation’ supposedly originated.
It was well before the Cold War and the A-Bomb, way back in 1943 that Rothko and Gottlieb wrote a letter published in the New York Times which expressed the kind of doom-laden intensity which all the AEs seem to have shared, asserting that:
the subject matter is crucial and only that subject matter is valid which is tragic and timeless. (quoted p.21)
Is Abstract Expressionism a good label?
As usual with many art ‘movements’, many of the key players weren’t particularly happy with the label imposed on them – Abstract Expressionism – and others went the rounds, like ‘the New York school’ or ‘Tenth Street painters’. But AE stuck. They never produced a manifesto or exhibited together, and there’s no one photo with the main players together. But people – curators, collectors, galleries, journalists, and us – the poor uninformed public – we all need labels to hang on to, especially in the middle of the century when art movements came and went with such dizzying rapidity.
And the artists certainly all knew each other, lived in the same area of Downtown Manhattan, hung around in the same taverns and bars, and were subject to the same washes of influence as America experienced the Depression, the great influx of refugee artists from the Nazis, reacted (in different ways) against the naive nationalist art of the 1930s, against Regionalism and Social realism, but engaged in highly individual struggles to find a new idiom, new ways of seeing and doing art.
The paintings
This brings us to the actual art and the obvious conclusion that the mature styles of the four or five main players were very different and extremely distinctive. There were a lot of second string artists floating around, who produced good work or influenced the Big Boys in one way or another – and the generous selection in the RA exhibition and this book goes out of its way to include works by Adolph Gottlieb, Richard Pousette-Dart, William Baziotes, Joan Mitchell, Conrad Marca-Relli, Jack Tworkov, Milton Resnick, some 20 artists in all.
But leafing through the beautiful reproductions, again and again the works of five key names stood out for me, emerging as titans above the crowd. (In essay four, the gallery owner Betty Parsons who played a key role in promoting AE, is quoted describing Pollock, Rothko, Still and Newman as ‘the Four Horsemen’.)
A word about aesthetics
It’s challenging and entertaining to try and put into words what it is that makes some paintings canonical and some redundant or not-quite-there. The latter phrase gives a clue to my approach. I find that, for most art or museum objects I see, some give the sense of being finished and completely themselves. Thus among my favourite works of art anywhere are the Benin bronzes at the British Museum. They seem to me to have set out to do something and to do it perfectly and completely. They are completely themselves, impossible to alter or improve. Similarly, the famous helmet from Sutton Hoo completely (ominously, threateningly) says what it sets out to, bespeaks an entire world and civilisation.
So if I have any aesthetic theory it is not the application of any external guidelines of beauty, requiring a work of art to conform to this, that or the other rule. It is something to do with a work coming entirely into its own, its own space and design. Having suggested a certain form or subject or shape, then delivering on that idea, completely. Fulfilling its premises.
Jackson Pollock (1912 – 1956)
Pollock’s best drip paintings dominate the era and all his contemporaries as clearly as Andy Warhol dominated Pop Art. Possibly others were better artists, showed more consistent artistic development and certainly others have their fans and devotees – but nobody can deny Pollock and Warhol’s works are immediately recognisable not just as art, but as icons of a particular period and place.
And, in my opinion, they fulfil my theory of completeneness – that an artist has a moment when they crystallise a signature style by fully developing the tendencies implicit in their approach (as discerned in their earlier developing works).
Thus it is very obvious that there is a long run-up of pre-drip Pollock (Male and Female 1942, Eyes in the heat 1946) as he groped his way in the dark from works whose size and shape was influence by his mentor, Thomas Hart Benton the mural-maker, but whose content is often dominated by Guernica-period Picasso — and there is a hangover of post-drip Pollock (when he experimented for a while with just black – Number 7, 1952). Both of them are interesting, but so-so.
But then there is drip Pollock. Blue Poles (1952) is a masterpiece, a completely immersive experience, as completely itself as the huge lily ponds of Monet. Immersive because it is vast and its size is an important factor. After splatting the surface with a preliminary network of black, white, yellow and red loops, Pollock used the edge of a plank dunked in blue paint to create the eight poles. Like Matisse’s dancing cutouts, this is an example of perfect taste, perfectly ‘getting’ the possibility of a visual rhythm. It isn’t classical or symmetrical or figurative of anything – it is a pure design which, for some reason to do with perceptual psychology, just works. Close up you can appreciate the extraordinary lacework of other colours dripped across the canvas, trademark yellow, red and whites, to create a dense tapestry weave of texture and colour. It is entirely itself. It is a summation of everything implicit in the drip approach to painting. And it is this sense of completing all the potential of the method which gives it its thrilling excitement, which makes it a masterpiece, and also a ‘classic’ of this style.
Along with works like Summertime (1948) and Number 4 (1949) these seem complete expressions of what they’re meant to be, of a certain Gestalt. Once you’ve thought of dripping raw paint across the canvas, then it turns out that certain levels of complete coverage and a certain level of complexity of the interlinking lines is somehow optimum, others less so. Too much and it is just mess; too little and it looks empty. At his peak Pollock produced a string of works which experiment with colours, shape of canvas and so on, but which all display an innate feel for just how to do this kind of painting.
Mark Rothko (1903 – 1970)
Rothko, also, is up there in the recognisability stakes in the sense that his final, achieved style is instantly distinctive. He too struggled to find his way from a sort of blocky blurry realism (Interior, 1936) on a journey via a completely different look in a work like Gethsemane (1944), which looks like washed-out surrealism, before coming to the brink of his mature style with experiments in big blotches of soft-edged colour (No.18 1948, Violet, Black, orange, Yellow on White and Red, 1949).
But then – bang! – he hits it, he finds his voice, he claims his brand, he crystallises his vision, he stumbles upon the formula of big rectangular blocks of shimmering colours which will last the rest of his life, what Anfam calls his ‘chromatic mirages’ (p.21).
Rust and Blue (1953)
Yellow Band (1956)
No.15 Dark greens on blue with green band (1957)
the Seagram murals (1959)
Black in Deep Red (1957)
Untitled blue (1968).
Rothko left the murals he’d prepared for the restaurant in the new Seagram building to London’s Tate Gallery. There’s a darkened room containing all of them in Tate Modern and you can sit staring into them for hours. Critics saw in them the same kind of existentialist anxiety (all those massive blocks terrifying threatening the viewer, all the anxiety of those unknown fraying edges) that they saw in Pollock — but these days they are more like aids to calm reflection and meditation, and the audioguide plays very quiet meditative music by American experimental composer Morton Feldman. From Cold War angst to post-modern pleasure.
But however you read them, there’s no denying that Rothko stumbled upon (worked his way through to) an entirely new way of conceiving of coloured paint on canvas, a discovery and a formula – and then spent twenty years working through hundreds of variations, exploring and stumbling across further discoveries. Big, bright, abstract, moody. And a world away from Pollock’s splats. the casual viewer could be forgiven for asking how the two could ever be bracketed together, where the one is very much about the dynamic power of vibrantly interlacing lines and the other is very much about the calming meditative effect of enormous blocks of shimmering colour.
Clyfford Still (1904 – 1980)
The much-told story about Still is that he was prickly and difficult, went his own way, argued with all the other AEs, in the early 1950s terminated his contract with a commercial gallery and ended up neither exhibiting nor selling any of his pieces, but working away steadily in provincial obscurity in Maryland. He died in possession of 95% of everything he’d ever painted and made a will leaving his life’s work to whichever organisation could create a museum dedicated to housing and showing it. After numerous negotiations this turned out to be the City of Denver and it was only in 2011 that there finally opened a museum dedicated to Still, and that this vast reservoir of work was made available to critics and the public. In the short time since then his reputation has undergone a major revaluation and the room devoted to his work at the Royal Academy exhibition was, arguably, even more impactful then the displays of Pollock and Rothko. Still was a revelation.
Like the others, Still took a long journey, and his early work is represented by another semi-figurative work from the 30s, PH-726 (1936). But by 1944 he has stumbled upon his formula – sharp rips or tears against solid fields of colour, PH-235 (1944), all done in a really thick impasto or thick layer of paint which adds to the sense of presence and impact.
PH-605 (1950)
PH-4 (1952)
PH-1123 (1954)
What are they? Wikipedia says his mature works ‘recall natural forms and natural phenomena at their most intense and mysterious; ancient stalagmites, caverns, foliage, seen both in darkness and in light lend poetic richness and depth to his work.’ Because the commentary goes heavy on his upbringing in the mid-West and of the associations of Denver, Colorado, I saw in several of them the pattern of cattle hides, the tans and blacks and beiges which you see in some Indian art, teepees, shields. Just a fancy.
J No. 1 (PH-142), 1957
Barnett Newman (1905 – 1970)
Newman had his first one-man show in 1948, the year he broke through to his mature style with the Onement series. Again, his was a long journey out of 1930s figurativism, until he made a discovery / stumbled across an idea / achieved a mature style (delete as applicable), creating what Anfam calls his ‘transcendent spatial continuums’ (p.21). Once he’d found it, repeated it through countless iterations.
A classic Barnett Newman has a vertical line – or ‘zip’ as he himself called them – dividing a field of colour – initially drab colour but becoming brighter and brighter as the 1950s progressed. The zip defines the picture plane, separates the composition yet binds it together, sunders it yet gives it a weird tremulous unity.
Onement (1948)
Adam (1951)
Eve (1950)
Why does it work? I’d give good money to read an analysis by a psychologist or expert in the psychology of perception, of shapes and colours, who could explain the effect they have on the mind of the viewer.
According to this book, among the big-name AEs, Newman was rather overlooked in favour of the brasher bolder works of his peers. Also, Pollock and Still, to name two, used highly expressive brushwork and thick or spattered layers of paint. Standing close you can see the thick clots of oil on the surface. Newman’s paintwork is flat and restrained. In fact his colourfulness and geometric designs link him more to the school of ‘post-painterly abstraction’ which emerged in the 1960s and are almost connected to the cool understatement of minimalism.
Franz Kline (1910 – 1962)
Kline’s breakthrough moment is much mythologised. Working as a commercial illustrator in New York while struggling to work his way towards some kind of abstract language, Kline was visited by Willem de Kooning who suggested he use a projector to blow up & project his complicated paintings onto the wall and then select small details to reproduce as full scale canvases. Taking this insight, Kline quickly worked out a style of broad black brushstrokes on white, which continually seem to gesture towards something yet are abstract. Are they fragments of larger designs and shapes? Or references to Japanese calligraphy (which Kline always denied)? Or dramatic actions in themselves?
Untitled 1952
Vawdavitch (1955)
Four square (1956)
Like all the other AEs, Kline’s work is big, really really BIG. Whatever the differences in style and approach, the AEs had this one thing in common – their work is huge and immersive. (A sign at Barnett Newman’s second exhibition at the Betty Parson’s Gallery in May 1951 actually requested visitors to stand close up to the picture; visitors had been requested to do the same at the Pollock exhibition which immediately preceded it – p.93.)
Franz Kline in his studio (1960)
Kline is further evidence for my theory that artists often reach a recognisable defining style and produce a number of works which somehow express the quintessence of their voice or vision, only after a journey upwards and, alas, sometimes a later decline or wandering away… Having perfected the black and white calligraphy style – so instantly recognisable – by the time he was just 40, after a while at the top of his game, Kline had nowhere to go except back into colour, and these later colour works, although fine in their own way, represent a really noticeable falling away of the energy which the stark black-and-white contrasts produced. For some reason this style looks terribly dated, very late 50s early 60s, whereas the black and white calligraphic works look timeless to me.
Andrus (1961)
Willem de Kooning (1904 – 1997)
De Kooning is the one big AE I couldn’t get on with at all, and the more I saw the more I disliked his stuff. Partly because I think he never did develop a defined style. To me, all of his stuff looks like messy sketches on the way towards something better, they all look like the dispensable journey works on the way to… nowhere. The same horrible messy scrawl effect is his one signature effect.
Dark Pond
Abstraction (1950)
Woman I (1952)
Woman II (1952)
Composition (1955)
Villa Borghese (1960)
Woman as landscape (1965)
Untitled V (1976)
All the other AEs strike me as having a purpose, a direction. Pollock’s works are far more artful than they appear, Rothko’s are careful experiments, Newman achieved a kind of classic restraint and Still’s jagged compositions are unerringly ‘right’, conveying something much bigger than the images seem to warrant.
Only de Kooning’s works, out of the whole show and this long book, consistently look to me like a slapdash mess, a dog’s dinner, victims of what Anfam calls his ‘lacerating sweeps’ (p.21). And the series of depictions of women – his ‘wrenching engagements with the female sex’ (Anfam, p.22) – which are often singled out by the critics for praise, to me could hardly be uglier and more repellent if they tried.
Some de Kooning women paintings in a gallery
Adolph Gottlieb (1903 – 1974)
Apparently Gottlieb is perceived as a second string AE, his career weaving through a series of styles, including surrealism in the 1930s, a spell in the Arizona desert simplifying images to a primal essence, and the development of ‘pictographs’ representing psychologically charged shapes and patterns. It was as late as 1956 that he developed the ‘burst’ style, dividing the canvas into two halves, with a round sun-like object above and a busy earth-like mass below – creating a dialectic between calm and busy, with the use of bright colours to interfere and resonate.
Penumbra (1959)
Phoenix burst
Apaquogue
Hundreds of bursts resulted and I can see why critics looking for world-shattering angst and grand existentialist statements might deprecate them, but I like him for devising a new ‘look’ and then producing fascinating variations on it.
Neglected women
One of the most pressing concerns of our times, in the arts and elsewhere, is restoring the reputations, the overlooked achievements and untold stories, of neglected woman. Four women artists worked in and around Abstract Expressionism and are included here:
Janet Sobel (1894 – 1968) began painting at the mature age of 43 when her son left home leaving behind his copious art materials. She progressed from figurative paintings featuring dreamy rather Chagall-like faces enmeshed in zoomorphic patterns, through to pure abstraction and eventually the technique of dripping paint. Some scholars claim it was Sobel who arrived at the drip technique before Jackson. That’s one for the scholars. All her works have a lightness. Maybe it was the light decorative effect as opposed to the Big Boys’ existentialist histrionics more than the fact she was a woman which wrote her out of the story for so long.
Illusion of solidity (1945)
Lee Krasner (1908 – 1984) Krasner evolved through a series of styles. During the heyday of the AEs she tended to be overlooked by virtue of the fact that she was married to the top dog, Jackson Pollock. But the works included here show she had a related but distinct vision of her own.
The eye is the first circle (1960)
Just living with Jackson sounds like a demanding job, but creating alongside him, in a related but clearly distinctive style, is little less than heroic. The next two are to one side for the simple reason that they were of a younger generation
Joan Mitchell (1925 – 1992) You can see the importance of the gesture but, a little like de Kooning, I don’t see it going anywhere.
Mandres (1961)
Salut Tom (1979)
They’re big, one of the simplest criteria for being an abstract expressionist. But arriving at Salut Tom at the end of the exhibition felt like we’d moved a long way from late-40s existentialism into a brighter more decorative world. Same style, different world.
Helen Frankenthaler (1928 – 2011) She painted onto unprimed canvas so that the paint soaked into it, thus creating a very flat surface.
Peggy and Betty
The fourth essay in the book is in many ways the most interesting, telling the complementary stories of two hugely important gallery owners who promoted the work of the Abstract Expressionists from the first – the Jewish millionairess Peggy Guggenheim and the scion of a wealthy WASP family, Betty Parsons. Peggy lived in Paris between the wars, becoming fantastically well-connected among the city’s avant-garde, arranging exhibitions and starting her own staggering collection, before fleeing ahead of the Nazi invasion in 1940, back to New York, where in 1942 she set up The Art of This Century Gallery.
Like Peggy, only without the millions, Betty went to live in Paris, where she herself pursued a career as an artist, taking lessons, before losing her money in the Wall Street Crash and being forced back to the States, to teach, and then to work in commercial galleries. She learned the trade, becoming popular among artists for her good taste and business sense (i.e. selling their pictures and making them money). In 1945 she set up the Betty Parsons Gallery which ran till her death in 1982. When Guggenheim returned to Paris after the war, Parsons took on many of ‘her’ artists, and the article turns into an impressive roster of the exhibitions she put on for one after another of all the key artists of the time, working hard to promote them and get them sales.
The essay is a fascinating insight not only into the achievements of these two vital women, but into the art world in general. It’s shocking to learn how little the artists sold at these shows – they’d display a dozen or 16 new works, for between $250 and $1,400 – and quite frequently none would sell at all. Or only small watercolours would sell to what turn out to be friends of the artist or the gallery owner herself. Works which now fetch tens of millions of dollars at auction.
In a fascinating detail, the book mentions several times that one problem was the paintings’ sheer scale: it was one thing to create a fourteen foot square canvas in the space of a half derelict loft-cum-studio, quite another thing to expect even quite rich people in New York to find enough wall space to hang it, back in the cluttered 1940s and 1950s. It was only well into the 1960s and more so in the 1970s that ideas of interior design changed significantly, that clutter was thrown out and rooms knocked together to create large airy spaces, often painted white, in which the vast canvases of the Abstract Expressionists suddenly made sense.
But by this point the AEs were up against the equally large creations of Post-painterly Abstraction, Pop Art, Op Art, Minimalism and so on and New York was established as the centre of a fast-moving, big money art culture.
Abstract Expressionism on Amazon
Review of the Abstract Expressionism exhibition at the Royal Academy
Chapters from Alex Ross’s history of 20th century music, The Rest is Noise, which deal with 1930s music in America
Reviews of other American art exhibitions and books
The Painted Word by Tom Wolfe (1975)
The American Dream: pop to the present @ the British Museum (May 2017)
Robert Rauschenberg @ Tate Modern (February 2017)
The World of Charles and Ray Eames @ the Barbican (November 2015)
Pop Art Design @ Barbican (February 2014)
An American in London @ Dulwich Picture Gallery (January 2014)
Lichtenstein: A Restrospective @ Tate Modern (March 2013)
Colossus: The Rise and Fall of the American Empire by Niall Ferguson (2004)
American Colonies by Alan Taylor (2001)
Warhol by Klaus Honnef (1990)
Posted in America, Art, Books, Exhibition
Tagged 1950s, 2016, Abstract Expressionism, Adolph Gottlieb, Andy Warhol, Barnett Newman, Betty Parsons, book, British Museum, Carter Ratcliff, Clement Greenberg, Clifford Still, Clyfford Still, Cold War, Conrad Marca-Relli, David Anfam, Franz Kline, German Expressionists, Helen Frankenthaler, Jack Tworkov, Jackson Pollock, Janet Sobel, Jeremy Lewison, Joan Mitchell, Lee Krasner, Manhattan, Mark Rothko, Milton Resnick, Morton Feldman, Peggy Guggenheim, Pop Art, Regionalism, Richard Pousette-Dart, Royal Academy, Seagram murals, Social realism, Stephen Polcari, Surrealism, Susan Davidson, Sutton Hoo, Tate Gallery, the Benin bronzes, the Depression, Thomas Hart Benton, Willem De Kooning, William Baziotes, zip
https://astrofella.wordpress.com/2017/05/19/abstract-expressionism-david-anfam/
The term ‘Abstract Expressionism’ was coined by the art critic Robert Coates in 1946 to describe a large group of American artists who came to maturity just after the Second World War, mostly based in New York City. In 1958 New York’s Museum of Modern Art organised a big show of ‘the New American Painting’ which featured a lot of these artists, and the show travelled to Europe, appearing at the Tate Gallery in 1959.
This is the first large scale overview exhibition of the Abstract Expressionists since then, and it is an epic, awesome experience. As the commentary points out early on, the Royal Academy not has the space in terms of number of rooms to cope with this many artists, but also the size of rooms to accommodate works which are often very, very big.
The Eye is the First Circle by Lee Krasner (1960) Private collection, courtesy Robert Miller Gallery, New York © ARS, NY and DACS, London 2016.
The century of catastrophe
Born in the first decade of the century, these artists grew to maturity during the Great Depression and lived through the rise of Fascism, the Second World War, the revelation of the Holocaust, the detonation of the first atomic bombs and the beginning of the Cold War.
They almost all held a very intense tragic view of life, indeed the forerunner Ashile Gorky hanged himself in 1948 and the superstar of the movement, Jackson Pollock, died aged 44 in a car crash which many thought a form of suicide. The often stark, huge, bleak images address what one of the movement’s stars, Mark Rothko, summed up as the proper subject of Art – ‘ecstasy, tragedy, doom’. This was what the poet Auden christened ‘The Age of Anxiety’, life in the shadow of a rapid arms race and deepening Cold War.
Improvised or composed?
The commentary brings out the new freedom and expressiveness the painters felt and revelled in, and the emphasis on the artist’s gestures and physical actions, epitomised by Jackson Pollock twisting and splatting paint on the canvas, a necessarily big canvas. All this is a world away from the fine gestures at the wrist or fingertips which characterised traditional paintwork.
Some critics compared this big-gesture, expressive freedom with contemporary developments in modern jazz, the new style of be-bop or post-bop which provided a backdrop for flamboyant soloists like Charlie Parker or John Coltrane to fly off in ever-giddier flights of fancy. And, of course, like Abstract Expressionism, jazz was an entirely American form. To demonstrate, the audio-guide plays a clip from John Coltrane’s 1960 track Giant Steps.
Giant Steps by John Coltrane
Maybe. But:
1. Most jazz is in fact strongly bound by rules of harmony, rhythm, counterpoint etc which are all entirely European in origin. If you need a musical comparison, I’d compare these paintings to the stark,violent, unpredictable musical gestures of the post-war serialists, led by the two iconoclasts, Karl-Heinz Stockhausen and Pierre Boulez.
Figures-Doubles-Prismes by Pierre Boulez (1964/68)
2. If anything, the detailed analysis which the audio-commentary applies to about 14 key paintings tends to contradict this idea of wild improvisation. The reverse: the commentary spends some time detailing the care with which Pollock composed his late masterpieces – and when you get close to a huge work like Blue Poles you can in fact see the way successive layers of composition have been applied: first the grey background; then a maze of yellows and whites; then the poles, made by applying a plank lined with dark blue paint to create the work’s eight lines, poles which create an eerie, primitive, tribal sense of rhythm; and then a further layer of paint, particularly white paint, which laces and binds the poles into the composition. The more you look, the more complex it appears, and one of the joys of this exhibition is that you can get very close to the works and really appreciate the intricacy of detail.
Blue poles by Jackson Pollock (1952 ) National Gallery of Australia, Canberra © The Pollock-Krasner Foundation ARS, NY and DACS, London 2016
Same goes for the half dozen Franz Kline works. These look at first glance like instant if graceful, daubs, epitomising the phrase ‘Action Painting’, which was also applied to these artists. But once again the commentary helps you see that Klein made the big black gestures on white but then went back and carefully painted white over some of the black, to make the gesture sharper, and then repainted more black over some of the white, each time intensifying the image.
Vawdavitch by Franz Kline (1955) Museum of Contemporary Art Chicago © ARS, NY and DACS, London 2016. Photo: Joe Ziolkowski
All-American art
Abstract Expressionism was the first wholly American art movement and there was no shortage at the time, and since, of art critics prepared to champion it and write at great length about it. America had emerged from the war the new world power and the deep anxiety of the intellectuals was accompanied, paradoxically, by an extraordinary boom in the economy, the birth of a consumer society which brought security, wealth and a host of life-enhancing appliances (fridge, hoover, TV) to this vast thrusting nation. The art market boomed, critics rose to prominence, the artists made big names and careers for themselves.
Early on the audioguide points out that although around 30 mostly New York-based artists are associated with Abstract Expressionism, there are four who stand head and shoulders above the others: Jackson Pollock, Mark Rothko, Clyfford Still, and Willem de Kooning. Accordingly, each one has a room devoted to themselves, while most of the other painters have to share hanging space.
Among the ‘sharers’, I liked Ad Reinhardt’s black squares. The commentary explained how a) they are in fact built up from other colours, which Reinhardt b) then used a technique on to drain the gloss or shine from, thus creating his very distinctively light-absorbing works, matt beyond matt. Reinhardt was an intensely earnest German, convinced that painting needed to be ‘purified of all other-than-art meanings’ and his quest led him to this logical conclusion.
Ad Reinhardt’s black squares
All this emphasis on ‘Action Painting’ and ‘Tragic Suffering’ went hand-in-hand with a Hemingwayesque tough guy pose among many of the painters, and certainly among their critical devotees. But the commentary emphasised that the movement not only included a number of women but that the male artists themselves respected their female peers, and many of them featured as complete equals in contemporary exhibitions. These included:
Lee Krasner, Pollock’s partner (see The Eye is the First Circle, above)
Janet Sobel, known for her ‘calligraphic fields’, much more controlled and interlaced (and smaller) works than many of the others
Joan Mitchell, who moved to France – her massive late painting Salut Tom, was a welcome splash of light yellow airy colour among a generally dark palette
Louise Nevelson was represented by a striking wall-sized installation made up of a kind of cabinet of curiosities with all sorts of odd-shaped shelves and objects inserted, displayed and hanging from it, all sprayed the quintessential colour of the movement, matt black – Sky Cathedral
Anti-Europe
Size mattered. A lot of these Yanks disliked the prissiness and fussiness and bourgeois finish of European painting. For example Pollock made a point of using normal household paint, as did Kline – real men didn’t use those prissy little tubes you have to buy in ‘art’ shops, Hell no. And why paint small, when you can paint BIG? Or MASSIVE? Room after room features enormous canvases. They had to be big to bear the Sweeping Gestures and Archetypal Forms and Primitivist Impulses of a generation determined to stamp their Tragic Worldview on an uncaring world, to make the Great American Painting, bigger and better than anything effete and devastated post-war Europe could manage.
Although a lot of the artists seem to have been depressive and liberal with statements about Tragedy and Despair, in fact the physical impact of room after room is of the sheer SIZE and brashness and confidence of the movement as a whole.
The anti-European feeling took many forms. The room devoted to Mark Rothko is wonderful, a shrine, a chapel to sit in and be filled with wonder, and admire the numerous ways Rothko reworked his trademark image, big canvases (naturally) with rectangles of colour fizzing and shimmering against a one-colour backdrop.
But it is also fascinating to learn that Rothko insisted that his paintings of must a) have no frames b) have no glass over them c) be hung low – the aim being to make them more enterable.
No. 15 Mark Rothko (1957) Private collection, New York © 1998 Kate Rothko Prizel & Christopher Rothko ARS, NY and DACS, London.
The big revelation of the show for me was the work of Clyfford Still, who I’m not conscious of having seen before. The commentary explained that Still resisted the New York art scene and stayed far away, based in Colorado and the West, and – crucially – only sold a handful of paintings in his lifetime, gifting 95% of his output to a purpose-built gallery in Denver where they are to this day. Hence we haven’t seen much of it.
The Still room, along with the Rothko room, made the biggest impact on me: the paintings are enormous, wall-size, and – liberated from all figurativeness – explore the effect of great jagged slabs of colour, often divided into two main tones but with flashes and flickers of other primary colours flaring at unexpected but somehow, totally appropriate locations. Almost all the ten or so huge paintings in his room felt, despite their deliberate rough edges and unfinished appearance, somehow marvellously composed and just right. Like Rothko and Pollock, he seems to have found a completely new visual language.
PH-950 by Clyfford Still (1950) Clyfford Still Museum, Denver © City and County of Denver / DACS 2016. Photo courtesy the Clyfford Still Museum, Denver, CO.
Clyfford Still paintings
de Kooning
It’s not all fabulous. A fair proportion of the works here are pretty horrible. If the show highlights geniuses like Pollock, Rothko, Still and features attractive work by many others, it also shows how yukky, dismal and depressing a lot of the art of this period and of this movement could be.
I reacted very badly to the de Kooning room, which featured among others several of his ‘Women’ paintings’, to which phrases like ‘horror of the feminine’ were attached in the commentary. De Kooning was born in Holland, only moving to America when he was 23, and I think you can see in the horrible women paintings the strong influence of early 20th century European Expressionism, all those angst-ridden Germans sensing the advent of the Great War. De Kooning’s canvases are big alright, and very free with their paint strokes – but for me he doesn’t achieve the genuine breakthrough into an entirely new confident, achieved visual language which Pollock, Rothko and Still so obviously do.
Woman II by Willem De Kooning (1952) The Museum of Modern Art, New York © 2016 The Willem de Kooning Foundation / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York and DACS, London 2016
Digital image © 2016. The Museum of Modern Art, New York/Scala, Florence.
David Smith seems to have been the only major sculptor associated with the movement and the curators have very cannily placed one of his sculptures in almost every room or at turning points between rooms, with four big pieces dominating the Academy courtyard outside.
They are too diverse to effectively sum up, but the example below gives a feel for the way they make no attempt at figurative depiction, but use different tricks and approaches to explore the space which they create around themselves.
Star Cage by David Smith (1950) Painted and brushed steel. Lent by the Frederick R. Weisman Art Museum, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis. The John Rood Sculpture Collection. © Estate of David Smith/DACS, London/VAGA, New York 2016.
This is a massive, awe-inspiring exhibition, which allows you to wander around encountering masterpiece after masterpiece, working out for yourself how new avenues in painting were opened up, new visual possibilities explored, and deciding what works for you and why. Liberating and exciting.
Abstract Expressionism continues at the Royal Academy until 2 January 2017
Other Royal Academy reviews
The Royal Academy summer exhibition 2016 (July 2016)
In the Age of Giorgione (March 2016)
Painting the Modern Garden: Monet to Matisse (February 2016)
Ai Weiwei (November 2015)
Royal Academy Summer Exhibition 2015 (June 2015)
Rubens and his Legacy (January 2015)
Allen Jones (January 2015)
Dennis Hopper – The Last Album (August 2014)
Royal Academy of Arts Summer Exhibition 2014 (August 2014)
Bill Woodrow (February 2014)
Daumier (January 2014)
Bronze (December 2012)
Royal Academy Summer Exhibition 2012 (August 2012)
David Hockney: A Bigger Picture (April 2012)
by Simon on October 22, 2016 • Permalink
Posted in Art, Exhibition
Tagged Abstract Expressionism, art, Clyfford Still, David Smith, exhibition, Franz Kline, Jackson Pollock, Janet Sobel, Joan Mitchell, Lee Krasner, Mark Rothko, The Royal Academy, Willem De Kooning
Posted by Simon on October 22, 2016
https://astrofella.wordpress.com/2016/10/22/abstract-expressionism-the-royal-academy/
Every room in Tate Modern
Tate Modern, housed in the famous converted power station building on the South Bank near London Bridge, contains six levels. But as levels 0 and 1 are shops and cafes, and 5 and 6 are, respectively, the members’ level and restaurant, that leaves only 2, 3 and 4 to actually display art. Level 3 is given over to temporary exhibitions (currently Alexander Calder and The World Goes Pop) and some small, one-room displays (currently George Baselitz) – which leaves floors 2 and 4 to house the permanent collection.
Each level is divided into two wings, west and east, grouped around a broad theme and housing 10 or 11 rooms: thus level 2 west is Citizens and States, level 2 east is Making Traces; level 4 east is Energy and Process and level 4 west is Material Worlds.
So Tate Modern contains about 42 rooms, plus 3 or 4 one-room displays between each wing, say 46 in all.
The audio guide costs £4.25 (£3.75 for concessions eg students). It has audio commentary on a relatively small number of selected works. The woman selling it said it lasts 45 minutes but that can’t be true. My one had one or two minute-long items on 38 works, and half or more of the entries consisted of more than one track eg 90 seconds on the art work, with an additional quote from the artist, and then maybe some music (the Mark Rothko item has two pieces of music, one of which was five minutes long). Surely more than 45 mins – and very useful…
Personal highlights
As with my recent trips to the British Museum, National Gallery and Tate Britain, the following are obviously not any kind of official highlights, just a list of things that made me stop and think or admire or want to make a note.
I used to think I knew about modern art, but this visit confirmed my feeling that I have been completely overtaken by the explosion of post-modern art since the 1980s. There has been a vast expansion in the numbers of artists and artworks and types and styles of practice over the last thirty years, as well as a massive expansion in the types of discourses available to make sense of new movements and artists from around the world.
Also there has been a significant movement to reconsider and revalue the past, especially as regards rediscovering or rehabilitating women artists – a process exemplified by the current The World Goes Pop exhibition, which is designed to promote hitherto little-known artists from around the world, and goes out of its way to foreground women artists and gender issues.
So this attempt to visit every room at Tate Modern felt like it shed a bit of new light on some old favourites and familiar faces, but mostly introduced me to new names. A lot of new names.
1. Citizens and States
Who doesn’t love Piet Mondrian? But I didn’t know he was a theosophist nor that the calm grids of black lines dividing rectangles of white or red or yellow or blue are representations of an ideal society. A psychologist was interviewed to say they’ve done experiments turning Mondrian squares onto the diagonal and people really don’t like them: there’s something powerful about horizontal and vertical lines, our brains react to them more deeply than to diagonals. Compare the impact, the pleasing sense of order and clarity in any Mondrian, with that of fellow De Stijl member Theo van Doesburg’s Counter-Composition VI (1925). Not nearly so pleasing.
Composition B (No.II) with Red 1935 The cool structured grids can be interpreted as a way of establishing order on a chaotic world. That aim reminded me of the images I saw recently in the British Museum, the wall paintings of Nebamun hunting and the friezes of king Ashurbanipal of Assyria’s lion hunt. In both, hunting is a way for aristocratic or royal man to establish order out of nature’s chaos and the painting re-enacts that function. Striking that the same impulse links painting from 800BC and 1940AD.
The movement he belonged to in Holland, de Stijl, is pronounced ‘dare stale’.
When Barbara Hepworth moved to Cornwall, ovals replaced circles in her work, which gave them two centres or focal points, instead of one, making them more complex and interesting. Oval Sculpture (No. 2) 1943, cast 1958
Tate had an exhibition of Hélio Oiticica back in 2007, which I was fool enough not to go to. The three abstracts by her here, from the 1950s, show not quite perfect geometric shapes jostling and balanced on plain backgrounds, creating a lovely impression of jazzy movement. Metaesquema 1958
Tate also had an exhibition of Saloua Raouda Choucair a few years ago, another show by a woman artist which I should have gone to. In room two I liked Composition with Two Ovals 1951. On the audio guide we hear her insisting her work comes from Islamic, not Western, sources of inspiration. A couple of her works were included in 2015’s Adventures of the Black Square show at the Whitechapel art gallery last year, where I liked Poem (1965).
Joseph Beuys was one of the dour Germans who put me off contemporary art in the 1970s and 80s. There are not one but two whole rooms devoted to him at Tate Modern, mainly documenting his tireless activities as an educator, organiser of student events, giver of marathon interviews, supporter of alternative political parties, green enthusiast and so on. How tiresome all that 1970s student politics looks now; how ultimately futile. The main artwork is the massive Lightning with Stag in its Glare (1958-85). The audio commentary usefully explained Beuys’s cryptic personal mythology: the metal sheet is the lightning, the ironing board is the stag, the clay lumps represent lumpish unintelligent creatures.
A lot more up to date, Theaster Gates’s Civil Tapestry 4 (2011) is a tapestry made of vertical strips taken from the fire hoses which were turned on civil rights protesters in the deep south of America in May 1963. Reminded me of Ai Weiwei’s enormous sculpture made of steel poles salvaged from the wreckage of schools destroyed in the Szichuan earthquake. A similar sense of unimpeachable righteousness.
Artur Zmijewski (b.1966) has made various films, including the one featured here, Democracies (2009), splicing together footage shot at a variety of political rallies in his native Poland, from feminist and environmentalist campaigners, to right-wing nationalist rallies. Watching the Catholic nationalist rallies, I recall political commentators interpreting last October’s election of the Law and Justice Party to government in Poland as a ‘lurch to the right’. Zmijewski’s film shows you why. It is an interesting documentary film but, like all film and video, I wonder about its relevance as ‘art’.
A room devoted to Latin American Photobooks, testament to the turmoil in Latin America throughout the 1960s, 70s and 80s, collected by British photographer Martin Parr.
I saw Richard Hamilton’s The Citizen (1981-3) in Tate Britain’s recent Fighting History exhibition. The audio commentary here made the neat point that the patterns the dirty protesters made with their own faeces on their prison walls echoed the patterns of Celtic designs – although what Celtic art is turns out to be hard to define, as the British Museum’s exhibition on Celtic Art and Identity showed. How genuinely subversive it would have been it Tate had bought an actual prison wall covered in IRA prisoner shit, and exhibited it, smell and all.
Sheba Chhachhi b.1958, was represented by Seven lives and a dream, photos inspired by the rape of an Indian woman in the 1970s, and other large b&w photos of Indian women.
Teresa Margolles (b.1963) is represented by Flag I, a big flag coloured with blood, earth and other matter from the murder sites of various people killed in Mexico’s bloody drug wars, a death rate which currently runs at around 20,000 a year.
Reflections on Citizens and States – ie the failure of radical politics
It is my belief that the forces for radical change have everywhere been comprehensively defeated and, in fact, that even moderately liberal bourgeois democracy is itself under attack from religious extremists at one end and home-grown nationalists at the other. Neo-liberal capitalism defeated and buried not only the communist regimes of Russia and Eastern Europe but the very idea of any kind of socialist / communist alternative.
The student radicalism of the Joseph Beuys rooms, and in evidence throughout the Pop Art exhibition from the heady 1960s, is irrelevant to the world of Putin, growing right-wing forces in eastern Europe, to the Refugee Crisis, to the permanent collapse of big parts of the Middle East and the state of terrorist threat which we are going to have to live with indefinitely.
The economic engine of the world, China, whose meteoric industrialisation has been underpinning rising standards of living throughout the West for the last generation, is coming stuttering to a halt. If you haven’t done well over the past twenty years, that was a one-off golden age and chances are you’re going to get a lot worse off in the coming era.
And underlying everything is evidence that man-made climate change is kicking in now, unchangeable and unavoidable, with unforeseeable but potentially cataclysmic consequences.
Against this backdrop it’s hard to avoid thinking that much of the art in this section is trivial or, at best, irrelevant. Nothing is going to stop Mexicans (or Colombians) murdering each other over drugs. President Nixon announced his nationwide War on Drugs as long ago as 1971: how’s that war progressing? Nothing is going to stop Indian men raping Indian women. Sheba Chhachhi’s photographs were sparked by rapes in the 1970s but gang rapes by Indian men have been in the news for the past few years. And Theaster Gates’s sentiments about historical injustices in the Alabama of the 1960s might be impeccably correct, but seem irrelevant in light of the ongoing inability of American police to stop their officers beating up and shooting dead a seemingly endless stream of unarmed black men.
Activists have been protesting these issues for decades and not only has nothing changed, lots of things have got worse. Considered as political activism, then, most of this art is a complete failure. Considered as art, it relies so much on the worthiness and impeccable liberalism of its credentials, that the failure of its causes in the real world makes it almost comical. Nice flag. Shame even more Mexicans will be murdered his year. Nice hoses. Shame even more black men will be shot by police.
It was a relief to emerge from the politically charged, fraught, upsetting and ultimately depressing Citizens and States wing and cross over to the less contentious Making Traces.
2. Making Traces
Magda Cordell (Hungary 1921-2008). Woman artist, her Figure (Woman) is, according to the wall label, ‘an image of heroic femininity’.
Korean woman artist Lee Bul’s Untitled (Craving White) (2011) is a gargoyle assembly of sacks of fabric, with wood and steel, twisted into weird shapes. She wore it to do performances, the weird bulges and squiggles intended to ‘deconstruct ideals of the female body’.
Avis Newman, woman artist born 1946, is represented by The Wing of the Wind of Madness (1982).
Lee Krasner, woman artist apparently overshadowed in her lifetime by her husband, Jackson Pollock, is now being rediscovered with works like Gothic Landscape (1961).
Woman artist Hilla Becher (1931-2007) spent most of her adult career travelling with husband Bernd around Europe and America taking series of b&w photos of industrial buildings eg Coal bunkers (1974). I wonder whether they inspired the b&w photos of abandoned nuclear bunkers and wartime defences by Jane and Louise Wilson?
Woman artist Hedda Sterne made lovely semi-abstracts, including NY No. X (1948).
Joan Miro is a big name from the modernist mid-century and represented here by the large and colourful Letter from a friend. After the post-modern works in the previous gallery, this type of Modernism looks reassuringly old-fashioned.
At the heart of this display is the big room showing Mark Rothko’s Seagram paintings (1958-60). Rothko was commissioned to decorate the restaurant in the new Seagram building in New York and was half way through making them when he went along to the restaurant himself, and was horrified to find it full of ‘rich bastards’, as he described them, eating dinner. What did he expect? He turned down the commission, returned the money and was contacted by various museums who wanted to buy them, of whom he favoured Tate because of a sentimental fondness for British art. He committed suicide the same day in 1970 that the paintings arrived in London. The audio guide plays Perilous Night by John Cage, favourite composer of so many modern artists. Of the 8 or so works here, my favourite was Red on Maroon, Mural Section 4 (1959).
By complete contrast, woman artist Rebecca Horn (b.1944) specialised in making strange imaginative extensions of the human body, for example Cockfeather Mask (1973). A room is devoted to her strange inspiring creations. A film shows cockfeather being used to do a sort of fan dance-cum-striptease over a man’s penis, a rare appearance of the male member in these galleries.
Simryn Gill (b.1959) has a whole room devoted to a series of large colour photos he took in the Malaysian town of Port Dickson, A Small Town at the Turn of the Century (1999–2000) showing its citizens in normal or portrait style poses but with large fruits concealing their faces. I liked number 5, number 34, number 24.
The American artist Mark Bradford (b.1961) is represented by Riding the cut vein, an entrancing large image, owing something to the street layout of Los Angeles where, according to the wall label, freeways cut through the city dividing rich neighbourhoods from poor ones.
The last room in this mind-bending tour of 20th century art is devoted to six massive paintings by Gerhard Richter (b.1932) Cage I-VI, named after the American composer and philosopher John Cage, ever-popular with the avant-garde. Prepared for them to be dirty smears, I was in fact entranced. There’s a film showing Richter at work using a metre-wide squeegee to smear the paint across the surfaces, which sounds unpromising, but the results are actually full of countless details, imperfections, unknown unnameable elements, insights and peculiarities. Close up.
3. Energy and Process
The wall labels explain that this suite of rooms is based around the 1960s Italian art movement, Arte povera, which used industrial by-products, or found materials, to create large, generally abstract sculptures. It was deliberately distinct from the grandiosely ‘heroic’ American Abstract Expressionism of the 1950s, but also different from the American Minimalism of the 1960s, which is smooth and cerebral. The main works are in the big, well-lit room 3:
Lynda Benglis Quartered meteor (1969) This woman artist’s lump of dull lead is a deliberate riposte to the smooth geometric shapes of American minimalism.
Kishio Suga’s Ren-Shiki-Tai
Giuseppe Penone’s Tree of 12 Metres (1980–2)
According to the wall labels, Arte Povera ‘upset traditional ideas’ about how art should be distributed and displayed. Well, here they are being displayed in an international art gallery. Doesn’t seem to have upset or challenged that pretty traditional idea.
Niki de Saint Phalle (1930-2002) was a groovy French woman artist whose website shows the full range of her colourful imaginative oeuvre and who is represented here by one of her ‘shooting paintings’. She filled bags with colour pigment, attached them to a canvas and covered the lot in white plaster, hung the canvas outside on a wall and then invited friends to shoot it with .22 rifles. The colour bags exploded and spurted colour over the work. Shooting Picture (1961)
Michael Baldwin is represented by a board with a mirror attached, Untitled Painting (1965). The commentary tells us with a straight face that this work is ‘questioning a long-held action of painting transcending reality’. OK.
In a similar radical, subversive, revolutionary etc vein is the anti-art tea tray of Július Koller (1939-2007), Question Mark b. (Anti-Painting, Anti-Text) 1969. Here it is in a major art gallery, subverting away like mad. Funny in its way, but also funny in its quaint utopianism.
Lucio Fontana (1899-1968) experimented with lots of slits in otherwise untouched canvas. Spatial Concept ‘Waiting’ (1960).
In room ten is the rather marvellous motor engine covered in crystals of copper sulphate, known as Untitled 2006 by Roger Hiorns, born in 1975.
Nicholas Hlobo is a gay black man, born in 1975 in South Africa. I enjoyed the works where he’s used embroidery or sewing using pink ribbon onto canvas to create shapes and flows, although I was disappointed that the curators instantly say this work ‘challenges gender-based assumptions about the division of labour’. Does it? Really? Ikhonkco (2010)
A small room is devoted to Emilio Prini (b.1943), who took countless experimental b&w photos in the 60s and 70s. According to the label, ‘Throughout his career Emilio Prini was engaged intensively with photography and photographic processes.’ Not ‘experimented with photographic techniques’, but was engaged with… And not just engaged. Engaged intensively. Lots of photos of parts of his body.
In these rooms, as in various other exhibitions of 20th century art, you get a powerful feeling from the wall labels and commentary of the curators’ nostalgia and regret for an era when art really meant something, when it was part of wider social movements genuinely upsetting old traditions and assumptions.
Now, when there is more art and more artists than ever before, more women artists, more artists from around the world, working in every conceivable medium, all trying to establish a marketable brand which can be sold to Saudi oil and Russian mafia and Colombian drug lord investors, it is impossible to recapture the heady idealism of, in particular, the 1960s and early 70s.
These galleries reek not of revolutionary exhilaration, but of the mournful nostalgia for, and the comic over-excitement about, the truly ‘revolutionary’ art of a bygone era, on the part of a generation of curators and critics born too late to experience it.
Tate Modern website
Tate Modern floor plan
Other museums
Every room in the British Museum
Every room in the National Gallery
Every room in Tate Britain (part one)
Every room in Tate Britain (part two)
by Simon on January 27, 2016 • Permalink
Posted in Art, European History, Exhibition
Tagged Arte Povera, Artur Zmijewski, Avis Newman, Barbara Hepworth, De Stijl, Emilio Prini, Gerhard Richter, Giuseppe Penone, Hélio Oiticica, Hedda Sterne, Joan Miro, Joseph Beuys, Lee Bul, Lee Krasner, Lucio Fontana, Magda Cordell, Mark Rothko, Nicholas Hlobo, Niki de Saint Phalle, Piet Mondrian, Rebecca Horn, Richard Hamilton, Roger Hiorns, Saloua Raouda Choucair, Sheba Chhachhi, Simryn Gill, Teresa Margolles, Theaster Gates, Theo van Doesburg
Posted by Simon on January 27, 2016
https://astrofella.wordpress.com/2016/01/27/every-room-in-tate-modern/
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News 10 May 2018 25 Nov 2018
Dutch Caribbean Caught Up in ConocoPhillips-Venezuela Oil Dispute
The Dutch islands in the Caribbean process between a quarter and a third of Venezuela’s oil exports.
A cruise ship moored in Willemstad, Curaçao (Shutterstock/Galina Savina)
The Dutch Caribbean have been caught up in a legal dispute between the American oil company ConocoPhillips and the government of Venezuela.
A judge has allowed Conoco to seize Venezuelan-owned and -operated refineries on the islands in order to collect $2 billion in compensation awarded by the International Chamber of Commerce for the 2007 nationalization of Conoco assets in the socialist-run country.
The seizure poses a “potential crisis” to the economy of Curaçao, Prime Minister Eugene Rhuggenaath has told Reuters. The Isla refinery, which processes 335,000 barrels of oil per day, accounts for a tenth of the island’s economy.
Fear of shortages
The Venezuelan state oil company, PDVSA, has suspended oil storage and shipping from its Caribbean facilities and called its fleet of tankers home.
Curaçao Chronicle reports that the island — the largest in the Dutch Caribbean — has about three months’ worth of reserves.
On the smaller island of Bonaire, the governor has struck a deal with the two oil companies to release up to two weeks’ worth of fuel stored at a terminal formerly owned by PDVSA and now seized by Conoco.
Antilliaans Dagblad reports that refineries on Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao and Sint Eustatius together process a quarter of Venezuela’s oil exports. Reuters puts the share at a third.
The Dutch-language newspaper warns that the suspension of operations makes it more difficult for Venezuela to meet its commitments to its creditors, which could plunge the country into an even deeper economic crisis.
The $2 billion in damages Conoco is collecting is only a fraction of the $33 billion it has been awarded in various international courts. And it is only one of many multinationals that are owed money by Venezuela’s government.
Europe Can Stand Up to American Threats on Iran
Catalans Find Fourth Candidate for Regional Presidency
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Welcome to Benson High Magnet School, the home of the Mighty Bunnies! Founded in 1904, BHS prides itself in its tradition, academic excellence, school spirit, and a family-like atmosphere. Located in the historic Benson neighborhood, BHS enjoys an enrollment of approximately 1350 students who come from all over the city. Our student population closely matches that of Omaha in that it is extremely diverse socioeconomically, racially, and culturally. We believe that students who go to school with students who do not necessarily look like them gives them an advantage as they move onto either post-secondary education or the work force. Our students learn to work with everyone.
Benson High is a comprehensive magnet school, whose theme is Career Academies. We are proud to be the only school in Omaha Metro Area that is “Wall-to-Wall” Career Academies. Every student is in an academy. This means that while teaching the standard curriculum (English, Math, Social Studies, Science, etc.), there is a focus on our academies. All freshmen are a part of the Freshman Academy. Freshmen then choose from one of the following academies of which they will be a part for the next three years:
Business & Entrepreneurship Academy
Each academy allows our students exposure to content specific curriculum and real world application, allowing them to be college, career, and civic life ready when they graduate. Each academy partners with various business across the city to enrich your students’ high school experience. While our focus is on the career academies, Benson High will always offer traditional honors, advanced placement (AP), and dual enrollment (DE) classes for those students wishing to take advantage.
Benson High School offers its students a traditional, comprehensive education that prepares them not only for post-secondary education, but for the career field as well. We have a caring and dedicated staff that believes in providing access to more opportunities for all students. We prepare students for the rest of their lives.
If you should ever have any questions, please don’t ever hesitate to stop by, call, or email me using the information below.
GO BUNNIES!!
Tom Wagner
Benson High Magnet School
tom.wagner@ops.org
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Posts tagged ‘MATT MAHER To Headline New “THE LOVE IN BETWEEN” Fall Tour Along With Guests One Sonic Society And All Sons & Daughters’
MATT MAHER To Headline New “THE LOVE IN BETWEEN” Fall Tour Along With Guests One Sonic Society And All Sons & Daughters
(NASHVILLE, Tenn.) Sept. 15, 2011 – Eight-time GMA Dove Award nominee Matt Maher heads out on a coast-to-coast fall headlining tour, visiting more than 25 cities through late October. “The Love In Between” tour is named after Maher’s forthcoming Sept. 20 studio release, whose debut single, “Turn Around,” is currently impacting Christian radio.
Kicking off Sept. 15 in Longview, Texas, the first half of Maher’s tour will be sponsored by his own non-profit, Comm+Unity, and feature guest artists Essential Worship’s One Sonic Society as well as recent Integrity Music signing All Sons & Daughters. Compassion International will present the remaining tour dates, joined by award-winning singer/songwriter Laura Story and new Essential Records artist, labelmate Andy Cherry. Information about the tour can be found at http://mattmahermusic.com/tour/.
Among the tour’s key dates are a The Love In Between CD release show in Phoenix on Sept. 20 and a concert at The City National Grove of Anaheim (Anaheim, Calif.), host to several sell-out concerts including Ray Charles, Morrissey, Jill Scott, Cyndi Lauper, George Lopez, Merle Haggard, Jamie Foxx, Dropkick Murphys and Seal, among others, on Sept. 22.
Maher comments, “My hope for this tour is to bring together believers of all ages and denominations and provide a night where we can reconnect with God and each other; that we’d leave with a greater desire to see, in concrete ways, how connected we are meant to be.”
Interconnectedness is also a theme on Maher’s new album, along with the ideas of suffering, grace, redemption and hope. These concepts are neatly swaddled in a new folk-Americana “blue collar gospel’ sound, fusing rootsy, hook-laden tracks with compelling stories and undeniable truths. The project’s debut radio single “Turn Around,” is already connecting with listeners nationwide, climbing its way to No. 11 this week on the National Billboard Christian Audience chart and No. 10 on the Billboard AC Indicator chart. WONU-FM radio listener Jen comments, “The song is awesome. I think it has potential to reach non-Christians because it is realistic in its lyrics. Definitely play this one on the air.”
Greg Cassidy, JOY-FM music director and morning show host, also comments, “St. Louis is lovin’ the new Matt Maher tune! It’s hitting real people where they really are. From the 51-year-old woman in her seventh day of sobriety to the couple that have been pondering divorce…that simple reminder to ‘turn around” has made its point! Home run for Matt!”
To sample an audio stream of “Turn Around” and for an up-to-date tour itinerary visit http://www.mattmahermusic.com. Also follow Matt on Twitter atwww.twitter.com/mattmahermusic.
About Matt Maher
Matt Maher – worship leader, songwriter, singer and recording artist – has embraced his calling as a “musical missionary” to impact a global stage.
Maher is well known for writing moving worship anthems including “Your Grace Is Enough,” “As It Is In Heaven,” “I Will Rise,” “All To Us,” “Here For You,” “Hold Us Together” and “Christ Is Risen.” His songs have appeared among the top 10 ranked songs on the CCLI chart, marking their popularity in church services worldwide, while also being recorded by artists including Chris Tomlin, Audrey Assad, Matt Redman, and the Passion movement. Additionally “Alive Again” was selected by iTunes as the best Christian & Gospel song of 2009. Such popularity has prompted more than 350,000 career sales. National media exposure includes the covers of Breakaway and Christian Single, a live performance on “FOX & Friends,” and guest writer for Billboard magazine.
Maher sits on the board of directors for the Catholic youth organization, Life Teen, and is a staple writer with EMI CMG Publishing. Amid busy touring and writing schedules, he hosts WorshipTogether’s “New Song Café” and is an active, bylined contributor to The Washington Post’s “On Faith” section ( http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/on-faith), an interactive conversation on religion.
Maher is from St. John’s Newfoundland, Canada and currently resides in Mesa, Ariz. with his wife Kristin and son Conor. For more information on Matt Maher, visit http://www.mattmahermusic.com.
About Comm+Unity
Comm+Unity is a new non-profit organization started by Matt Maher with the objective to fund local relief organizations who might not otherwise have the opportunity to be publicly recognized.
About Compassion International
Compassion International is the world’s largest Christian child development organization that permanently releases children from poverty. Founded in 1952, Compassion successfully tackles global poverty one child at a time, serving more than 1.2 million children in 26 of the world’s poorest countries. Recognizing that poverty is more than a lack of money, Compassion works through local churches to holistically address the individual physical, economic, educational and spiritual needs of children – enabling them to thrive, not just survive. Compassion has been awarded ten consecutive, four-star ratings by Charity Navigator, America’s largest charity evaluator.
Posted in Matt Maher | Leave a Comment »
Tags: MATT MAHER To Headline New "THE LOVE IN BETWEEN" Fall Tour Along With Guests One Sonic Society And All Sons & Daughters
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Carol Lawhon (Rutherford)
24 Apr 1935 - 9 Feb 2011
Life timeline of Carol Lawhon (Rutherford)
arrow_back Back to Carol Lawhon (Rutherford)
Carol Lawhon (Rutherford) was 51 years old when Space Shuttle program: STS-51-L mission: Space Shuttle Challenger disintegrates after liftoff, killing all seven astronauts on board. The Space Shuttle program was the fourth human spaceflight program carried out by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), which accomplished routine transportation for Earth-to-orbit crew and cargo from 1981 to 2011. Its official name, Space Transportation System (STS), was taken from a 1969 plan for a system of reusable spacecraft of which it was the only item funded for development.
Carol Lawhon (Rutherford) was born on 24 Apr 1935
The Duke of Windsor marries Wallis Simpson. Edward VIII was King of the United Kingdom and the Dominions of the British Empire, and Emperor of India, from 20 January 1936 until his abdication on 11 December the same year, after which he became the Duke of Windsor. The Duke of Windsor marries Wallis Simpson. Edward VIII was King of the United Kingdom and the Dominions of the British Empire, and Emperor of India, from 20 January 1936 until his abdication on 11 December the same year, after which he became the Duke of Windsor.
At a conference in Munich, Adolf Hitler, Benito Mussolini, Neville Chamberlain, and Édouard Daladier reached a settlement, signing it at about 1:30 AM the next day, stipulating that Czechoslovakia must cede the Sudetenland to Germany. Adolf Hitler was a German politician, demagogue, and Pan-German revolutionary, who was the leader of the Nazi Party, Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945 and Führer ("Leader") of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945. As dictator, Hitler initiated World War II in Europe with the invasion of Poland in September 1939, and was central to the Holocaust. At a conference in Munich, Adolf Hitler, Benito Mussolini, Neville Chamberlain, and Édouard Daladier reached a settlement, signing it at about 1:30 AM the next day, stipulating that Czechoslovakia must cede the Sudetenland to Germany. Adolf Hitler was a German politician, demagogue, and Pan-German revolutionary, who was the leader of the Nazi Party, Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945 and Führer ("Leader") of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945. As dictator, Hitler initiated World War II in Europe with the invasion of Poland in September 1939, and was central to the Holocaust.
King George VI and Queen Elizabeth dedicated Canada's National War Memorial in Ottawa. George VI was King of the United Kingdom and the Dominions of the British Commonwealth from 11 December 1936 until his death in 1952. He was the last Emperor of India and the first Head of the Commonwealth. King George VI and Queen Elizabeth dedicated Canada's National War Memorial in Ottawa. George VI was King of the United Kingdom and the Dominions of the British Commonwealth from 11 December 1936 until his death in 1952. He was the last Emperor of India and the first Head of the Commonwealth.
World War II: Belgium surrenders to Nazi Germany to end the Battle of Belgium. World War II, also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although conflicts reflecting the ideological clash between what would become the Allied and Axis blocs began earlier. The vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—eventually formed two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. It was the most global war in history; it directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. In a state of total war, the major participants threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. World War II was the deadliest conflict in human history, marked by 50 to 85 million fatalities, most of whom were civilians in the Soviet Union and China. It included massacres, the genocide of the Holocaust, strategic bombing, premeditated death from starvation and disease and the only use of nuclear weapons in war. World War II: Belgium surrenders to Nazi Germany to end the Battle of Belgium. World War II, also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although conflicts reflecting the ideological clash between what would become the Allied and Axis blocs began earlier. The vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—eventually formed two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. It was the most global war in history; it directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. In a state of total war, the major participants threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. World War II was the deadliest conflict in human history, marked by 50 to 85 million fatalities, most of whom were civilians in the Soviet Union and China. It included massacres, the genocide of the Holocaust, strategic bombing, premeditated death from starvation and disease and the only use of nuclear weapons in war.
World War II: The United Kingdom and Canada declare war on Finland in support of the Soviet Union during the Continuation War. Camp X opens in Canada to begin training Allied Secret Agents for the War. World War II, also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although conflicts reflecting the ideological clash between what would become the Allied and Axis blocs began earlier. The vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—eventually formed two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. It was the most global war in history; it directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. In a state of total war, the major participants threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. World War II was the deadliest conflict in human history, marked by 50 to 85 million fatalities, most of whom were civilians in the Soviet Union and China. It included massacres, the genocide of the Holocaust, strategic bombing, premeditated death from starvation and disease and the only use of nuclear weapons in war. World War II: The United Kingdom and Canada declare war on Finland in support of the Soviet Union during the Continuation War. Camp X opens in Canada to begin training Allied Secret Agents for the War. World War II, also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although conflicts reflecting the ideological clash between what would become the Allied and Axis blocs began earlier. The vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—eventually formed two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. It was the most global war in history; it directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. In a state of total war, the major participants threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. World War II was the deadliest conflict in human history, marked by 50 to 85 million fatalities, most of whom were civilians in the Soviet Union and China. It included massacres, the genocide of the Holocaust, strategic bombing, premeditated death from starvation and disease and the only use of nuclear weapons in war.
World War II: The first United States forces arrive in Europe landing in Northern Ireland. World War II, also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although conflicts reflecting the ideological clash between what would become the Allied and Axis blocs began earlier. The vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—eventually formed two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. It was the most global war in history; it directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. In a state of total war, the major participants threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. World War II was the deadliest conflict in human history, marked by 50 to 85 million fatalities, most of whom were civilians in the Soviet Union and China. It included massacres, the genocide of the Holocaust, strategic bombing, premeditated death from starvation and disease and the only use of nuclear weapons in war. World War II: The first United States forces arrive in Europe landing in Northern Ireland. World War II, also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although conflicts reflecting the ideological clash between what would become the Allied and Axis blocs began earlier. The vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—eventually formed two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. It was the most global war in history; it directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. In a state of total war, the major participants threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. World War II was the deadliest conflict in human history, marked by 50 to 85 million fatalities, most of whom were civilians in the Soviet Union and China. It included massacres, the genocide of the Holocaust, strategic bombing, premeditated death from starvation and disease and the only use of nuclear weapons in war.
World War II: Australian troops defeated Imperial Japanese forces at the Battle of Kaiapit in New Guinea. World War II, also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although conflicts reflecting the ideological clash between what would become the Allied and Axis blocs began earlier. The vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—eventually formed two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. It was the most global war in history; it directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. In a state of total war, the major participants threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. World War II was the deadliest conflict in human history, marked by 50 to 85 million fatalities, most of whom were civilians in the Soviet Union and China. It included massacres, the genocide of the Holocaust, strategic bombing, premeditated death from starvation and disease and the only use of nuclear weapons in war. World War II: Australian troops defeated Imperial Japanese forces at the Battle of Kaiapit in New Guinea. World War II, also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although conflicts reflecting the ideological clash between what would become the Allied and Axis blocs began earlier. The vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—eventually formed two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. It was the most global war in history; it directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. In a state of total war, the major participants threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. World War II was the deadliest conflict in human history, marked by 50 to 85 million fatalities, most of whom were civilians in the Soviet Union and China. It included massacres, the genocide of the Holocaust, strategic bombing, premeditated death from starvation and disease and the only use of nuclear weapons in war.
World War II: The Soviet Red Army enters Hungary. World War II, also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although conflicts reflecting the ideological clash between what would become the Allied and Axis blocs began earlier. The vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—eventually formed two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. It was the most global war in history; it directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. In a state of total war, the major participants threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. World War II was the deadliest conflict in human history, marked by 50 to 85 million fatalities, most of whom were civilians in the Soviet Union and China. It included massacres, the genocide of the Holocaust, strategic bombing, premeditated death from starvation and disease and the only use of nuclear weapons in war. World War II: The Soviet Red Army enters Hungary. World War II, also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although conflicts reflecting the ideological clash between what would become the Allied and Axis blocs began earlier. The vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—eventually formed two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. It was the most global war in history; it directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. In a state of total war, the major participants threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. World War II was the deadliest conflict in human history, marked by 50 to 85 million fatalities, most of whom were civilians in the Soviet Union and China. It included massacres, the genocide of the Holocaust, strategic bombing, premeditated death from starvation and disease and the only use of nuclear weapons in war.
World War II: Cologne is captured by American troops. World War II, also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although conflicts reflecting the ideological clash between what would become the Allied and Axis blocs began earlier. The vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—eventually formed two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. It was the most global war in history; it directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. In a state of total war, the major participants threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. World War II was the deadliest conflict in human history, marked by 50 to 85 million fatalities, most of whom were civilians in the Soviet Union and China. It included massacres, the genocide of the Holocaust, strategic bombing, premeditated death from starvation and disease and the only use of nuclear weapons in war. World War II: Cologne is captured by American troops. World War II, also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although conflicts reflecting the ideological clash between what would become the Allied and Axis blocs began earlier. The vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—eventually formed two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. It was the most global war in history; it directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. In a state of total war, the major participants threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. World War II was the deadliest conflict in human history, marked by 50 to 85 million fatalities, most of whom were civilians in the Soviet Union and China. It included massacres, the genocide of the Holocaust, strategic bombing, premeditated death from starvation and disease and the only use of nuclear weapons in war.
Freddie Mercury, Tanzanian-English singer-songwriter and producer (d. 1991) Freddie Mercury was a British singer, songwriter and record producer, best known as the lead vocalist of the rock band Queen. He was known for his flamboyant stage persona and four-octave vocal range. Mercury wrote numerous hits for Queen, including "Bohemian Rhapsody", "Killer Queen", "Somebody to Love", "Don't Stop Me Now", "Crazy Little Thing Called Love", and "We Are the Champions". He led a solo career while performing with Queen, and occasionally served as a producer and guest musician for other artists. Freddie Mercury, Tanzanian-English singer-songwriter and producer (d. 1991) Freddie Mercury was a British singer, songwriter and record producer, best known as the lead vocalist of the rock band Queen. He was known for his flamboyant stage persona and four-octave vocal range. Mercury wrote numerous hits for Queen, including "Bohemian Rhapsody", "Killer Queen", "Somebody to Love", "Don't Stop Me Now", "Crazy Little Thing Called Love", and "We Are the Champions". He led a solo career while performing with Queen, and occasionally served as a producer and guest musician for other artists.
Carol Lawhon (Rutherford) was 12 years old when India gains Independence from British rule after near 190 years of Crown rule and joins the Commonwealth of Nations. India, also called the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast. It shares land borders with Pakistan to the west; China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the northeast; and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives. India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia. India gains Independence from British rule after near 190 years of Crown rule and joins the Commonwealth of Nations. India, also called the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast. It shares land borders with Pakistan to the west; China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the northeast; and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives. India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia.
Carol Lawhon (Rutherford) was 13 years old when Mahatma Gandhi is assassinated by Nathuram Godse, a Hindu extremist. Mahatma Gandhi was assassinated on 30 January 1948 in the compound of Birla House, a large mansion. His assassin was Nathuram Vinayak Godse, a right-wing advocate of Hindu nationalism, a member of the political party the Hindu Mahasabha, and a past member of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), which he left in 1940 to form an armed organization. Godse had planned the assassination. Mahatma Gandhi is assassinated by Nathuram Godse, a Hindu extremist. Mahatma Gandhi was assassinated on 30 January 1948 in the compound of Birla House, a large mansion. His assassin was Nathuram Vinayak Godse, a right-wing advocate of Hindu nationalism, a member of the political party the Hindu Mahasabha, and a past member of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), which he left in 1940 to form an armed organization. Godse had planned the assassination.
King George VI of the United Kingdom is buried in St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle. George VI was King of the United Kingdom and the Dominions of the British Commonwealth from 11 December 1936 until his death in 1952. He was the last Emperor of India and the first Head of the Commonwealth. King George VI of the United Kingdom is buried in St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle. George VI was King of the United Kingdom and the Dominions of the British Commonwealth from 11 December 1936 until his death in 1952. He was the last Emperor of India and the first Head of the Commonwealth.
Carol Lawhon (Rutherford) was 18 years old when Jonas Salk announced the successful test of his polio vaccine on a small group of adults and children (vaccination pictured). Jonas Edward Salk was an American medical researcher and virologist. He discovered and developed one of the first successful polio vaccines. Born in New York City, he attended New York University School of Medicine, later choosing to do medical research instead of becoming a practicing physician. In 1939, after earning his medical degree, Salk began an internship as a physician scientist at Mount Sinai Hospital. Two years later he was granted a fellowship at the University of Michigan, where he would study flu viruses with his mentor Thomas Francis, Jr. Jonas Salk announced the successful test of his polio vaccine on a small group of adults and children (vaccination pictured). Jonas Edward Salk was an American medical researcher and virologist. He discovered and developed one of the first successful polio vaccines. Born in New York City, he attended New York University School of Medicine, later choosing to do medical research instead of becoming a practicing physician. In 1939, after earning his medical degree, Salk began an internship as a physician scientist at Mount Sinai Hospital. Two years later he was granted a fellowship at the University of Michigan, where he would study flu viruses with his mentor Thomas Francis, Jr.
Carol Lawhon (Rutherford) was 19 years old when The U.S. Supreme Court ruled in the landmark case Brown v. Board of Education, outlawing racial segregation in public schools because "separate educational facilities are inherently unequal" and therefore unconstitutional. The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest federal court of the United States. Established pursuant to Article Three of the United States Constitution in 1789, it has ultimate appellate jurisdiction over all federal courts and state court cases, involving issues of federal law plus original jurisdiction over a small range of cases. In the legal system of the United States, the Supreme Court is generally the final interpreter of federal law including the United States Constitution, but it may act only within the context of a case in which it has jurisdiction. The Court may decide cases having political overtones, but does not have power to decide nonjusticiable political questions, and its enforcement arm is in the executive rather than judicial branch of government. The U.S. Supreme Court ruled in the landmark case Brown v. Board of Education, outlawing racial segregation in public schools because "separate educational facilities are inherently unequal" and therefore unconstitutional. The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest federal court of the United States. Established pursuant to Article Three of the United States Constitution in 1789, it has ultimate appellate jurisdiction over all federal courts and state court cases, involving issues of federal law plus original jurisdiction over a small range of cases. In the legal system of the United States, the Supreme Court is generally the final interpreter of federal law including the United States Constitution, but it may act only within the context of a case in which it has jurisdiction. The Court may decide cases having political overtones, but does not have power to decide nonjusticiable political questions, and its enforcement arm is in the executive rather than judicial branch of government.
Winston Churchill resigns as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom amid indications of failing health. Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill was a British politician, army officer, and writer, who was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1940 to 1945 and again from 1951 to 1955. As Prime Minister, Churchill led Britain to victory in the Second World War. Churchill represented five constituencies during his career as Member of Parliament (MP). Ideologically an economic liberal and British imperialist, he began and ended his parliamentary career as a member of the Conservative Party, which he led from 1940 to 1955, but for twenty years from 1904 he was a prominent member of the Liberal Party. Winston Churchill resigns as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom amid indications of failing health. Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill was a British politician, army officer, and writer, who was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1940 to 1945 and again from 1951 to 1955. As Prime Minister, Churchill led Britain to victory in the Second World War. Churchill represented five constituencies during his career as Member of Parliament (MP). Ideologically an economic liberal and British imperialist, he began and ended his parliamentary career as a member of the Conservative Party, which he led from 1940 to 1955, but for twenty years from 1904 he was a prominent member of the Liberal Party.
Anthony Bourdain, American chef and author (d. 2018) Anthony Michael Bourdain was an American celebrity chef, author, travel documentarian, and television personality who starred in programs focusing on the exploration of international culture, cuisine, and the human condition. He was considered one of the most influential chefs in the world. Anthony Bourdain, American chef and author (d. 2018) Anthony Michael Bourdain was an American celebrity chef, author, travel documentarian, and television personality who starred in programs focusing on the exploration of international culture, cuisine, and the human condition. He was considered one of the most influential chefs in the world.
Carol Lawhon (Rutherford) was 22 years old when Space Race: Launch of Sputnik 1, the first artificial satellite to orbit the Earth. The Space Race refers to the 20th-century competition between two Cold War rivals, the Soviet Union (USSR) and the United States (US), for dominance in spaceflight capability. It had its origins in the missile-based nuclear arms race between the two nations that occurred following World War II, aided by captured German missile technology and personnel from the Aggregat program. The technological superiority required for such dominance was seen as necessary for national security, and symbolic of ideological superiority. The Space Race spawned pioneering efforts to launch artificial satellites, uncrewed space probes of the Moon, Venus, and Mars, and human spaceflight in low Earth orbit and to the Moon. Space Race: Launch of Sputnik 1, the first artificial satellite to orbit the Earth. The Space Race refers to the 20th-century competition between two Cold War rivals, the Soviet Union (USSR) and the United States (US), for dominance in spaceflight capability. It had its origins in the missile-based nuclear arms race between the two nations that occurred following World War II, aided by captured German missile technology and personnel from the Aggregat program. The technological superiority required for such dominance was seen as necessary for national security, and symbolic of ideological superiority. The Space Race spawned pioneering efforts to launch artificial satellites, uncrewed space probes of the Moon, Venus, and Mars, and human spaceflight in low Earth orbit and to the Moon.
Michael Jackson, American singer-songwriter, producer, dancer, and actor (d. 2009) Michael Joseph Jackson was an American singer, songwriter, and dancer. Dubbed the "King of Pop", he was one of the most popular entertainers in the world, and was the best-selling music artist during the year of his death. Jackson's contributions to music, dance, and fashion along with his publicized personal life made him a global figure in popular culture for over four decades. Michael Jackson, American singer-songwriter, producer, dancer, and actor (d. 2009) Michael Joseph Jackson was an American singer, songwriter, and dancer. Dubbed the "King of Pop", he was one of the most popular entertainers in the world, and was the best-selling music artist during the year of his death. Jackson's contributions to music, dance, and fashion along with his publicized personal life made him a global figure in popular culture for over four decades.
Kevin Spacey, American actor and director Kevin Spacey Fowler is an American actor, producer and singer. He began his career as a stage actor during the 1980s before obtaining supporting roles in film and television. He gained critical acclaim in the 1990s that culminated in his first Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for the neo-noir crime thriller The Usual Suspects (1995) and an Academy Award for Best Actor for the midlife crisis-themed drama American Beauty (1999). Kevin Spacey, American actor and director Kevin Spacey Fowler is an American actor, producer and singer. He began his career as a stage actor during the 1980s before obtaining supporting roles in film and television. He gained critical acclaim in the 1990s that culminated in his first Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for the neo-noir crime thriller The Usual Suspects (1995) and an Academy Award for Best Actor for the midlife crisis-themed drama American Beauty (1999).
More than 20 million viewers watch the first televised royal wedding when Princess Margaret marries Anthony Armstrong-Jones at Westminster Abbey. Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon, was the younger daughter of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth and the only sibling of Queen Elizabeth II. More than 20 million viewers watch the first televised royal wedding when Princess Margaret marries Anthony Armstrong-Jones at Westminster Abbey. Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon, was the younger daughter of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth and the only sibling of Queen Elizabeth II.
Diana, Princess of Wales (d. 1997) Diana, Princess of Wales was a member of the British royal family. She was the first wife of Charles, Prince of Wales, the heir apparent to the British throne, and the mother of Prince William, Duke of Cambridge, and Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex. Diana, Princess of Wales (d. 1997) Diana, Princess of Wales was a member of the British royal family. She was the first wife of Charles, Prince of Wales, the heir apparent to the British throne, and the mother of Prince William, Duke of Cambridge, and Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex.
Tom Cruise, American actor and producer Thomas Cruise Mapother IV is an American actor and producer. He started his career at age 19 in the film Endless Love (1981), before making his breakthrough in the comedy Risky Business (1983) and receiving widespread attention for starring in the action drama Top Gun (1986) as Lieutenant Pete "Maverick" Mitchell. After starring in The Color of Money (1986) and Cocktail (1988), Cruise starred opposite Dustin Hoffman in the Academy Award for Best Picture-winning drama Rain Man. For his role as anti-war activist Ron Kovic in the drama Born on the Fourth of July (1989), Cruise received the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama and his first Academy Award for Best Actor nomination. Tom Cruise, American actor and producer Thomas Cruise Mapother IV is an American actor and producer. He started his career at age 19 in the film Endless Love (1981), before making his breakthrough in the comedy Risky Business (1983) and receiving widespread attention for starring in the action drama Top Gun (1986) as Lieutenant Pete "Maverick" Mitchell. After starring in The Color of Money (1986) and Cocktail (1988), Cruise starred opposite Dustin Hoffman in the Academy Award for Best Picture-winning drama Rain Man. For his role as anti-war activist Ron Kovic in the drama Born on the Fourth of July (1989), Cruise received the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama and his first Academy Award for Best Actor nomination.
Carol Lawhon (Rutherford) was 29 years old when John F. Kennedy was assassinated by Lee Harvey Oswald in Dallas, Texas; hours later, Lyndon B. Johnson was sworn in aboard Air Force One as the 36th President of the United States. John Fitzgerald Kennedy, commonly referred to by his initials JFK, was an American politician who served as the 35th President of the United States from January 1961 until his assassination in November 1963. He served at the height of the Cold War, and the majority of his presidency dealt with managing relations with the Soviet Union. As a member of the Democratic Party, Kennedy represented the state of Massachusetts in the United States House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate prior to becoming president. John F. Kennedy was assassinated by Lee Harvey Oswald in Dallas, Texas; hours later, Lyndon B. Johnson was sworn in aboard Air Force One as the 36th President of the United States. John Fitzgerald Kennedy, commonly referred to by his initials JFK, was an American politician who served as the 35th President of the United States from January 1961 until his assassination in November 1963. He served at the height of the Cold War, and the majority of his presidency dealt with managing relations with the Soviet Union. As a member of the Democratic Party, Kennedy represented the state of Massachusetts in the United States House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate prior to becoming president.
Carol Lawhon (Rutherford) was 29 years old when The Beatles make their first appearance on The Ed Sullivan Show, performing before a "record-busting" audience of 73 million viewers across the USA. The Beatles were an English rock band formed in Liverpool in 1960. With members John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr, they became widely regarded as the foremost and most influential music band in history. Rooted in skiffle, beat and 1950s rock and roll, the Beatles later experimented with several musical styles, ranging from pop ballads and Indian music to psychedelia and hard rock, often incorporating classical elements and unconventional recording techniques in innovative ways. In 1963, their enormous popularity first emerged as "Beatlemania"; as the group's music grew in sophistication, led by primary songwriters Lennon and McCartney, the band were integral to pop music's evolution into an art form and to the development of the counterculture of the 1960s. The Beatles make their first appearance on The Ed Sullivan Show, performing before a "record-busting" audience of 73 million viewers across the USA. The Beatles were an English rock band formed in Liverpool in 1960. With members John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr, they became widely regarded as the foremost and most influential music band in history. Rooted in skiffle, beat and 1950s rock and roll, the Beatles later experimented with several musical styles, ranging from pop ballads and Indian music to psychedelia and hard rock, often incorporating classical elements and unconventional recording techniques in innovative ways. In 1963, their enormous popularity first emerged as "Beatlemania"; as the group's music grew in sophistication, led by primary songwriters Lennon and McCartney, the band were integral to pop music's evolution into an art form and to the development of the counterculture of the 1960s.
Carol Lawhon (Rutherford) was 30 years old when Thirty-five hundred United States Marines are the first American land combat forces committed during the Vietnam War. The United States Marine Corps (USMC), also referred to as the United States Marines, is a branch of the United States Armed Forces responsible for conducting amphibious operations with the United States Navy. The U.S. Marine Corps is one of the four armed service branches in the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) and one of the seven uniformed services of the United States. Thirty-five hundred United States Marines are the first American land combat forces committed during the Vietnam War. The United States Marine Corps (USMC), also referred to as the United States Marines, is a branch of the United States Armed Forces responsible for conducting amphibious operations with the United States Navy. The U.S. Marine Corps is one of the four armed service branches in the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) and one of the seven uniformed services of the United States.
Queen Elizabeth II opened the Severn Bridge, hailing it as the dawn of a new economic era for South Wales. Elizabeth II is Queen of the United Kingdom and the other Commonwealth realms. Queen Elizabeth II opened the Severn Bridge, hailing it as the dawn of a new economic era for South Wales. Elizabeth II is Queen of the United Kingdom and the other Commonwealth realms.
Jennifer Aniston, American actress and producer Jennifer Joanna Aniston is an American actress, film producer, and businessperson. She is the daughter of Greek-born actor John Aniston and American actress Nancy Dow. Aniston gained worldwide recognition for portraying Rachel Green on the television sitcom Friends (1994–2004), a role which earned her a Primetime Emmy Award, a Golden Globe Award, and a Screen Actors Guild Award. The character was widely popular during the airing of the series and was later recognized as one of the greatest female characters in American television. Jennifer Aniston, American actress and producer Jennifer Joanna Aniston is an American actress, film producer, and businessperson. She is the daughter of Greek-born actor John Aniston and American actress Nancy Dow. Aniston gained worldwide recognition for portraying Rachel Green on the television sitcom Friends (1994–2004), a role which earned her a Primetime Emmy Award, a Golden Globe Award, and a Screen Actors Guild Award. The character was widely popular during the airing of the series and was later recognized as one of the greatest female characters in American television.
Tonya Harding, American figure skater Tonya Maxene Price is a retired American figure skater. Tonya Harding, American figure skater Tonya Maxene Price is a retired American figure skater.
Elon Musk, South African-born American businessman Elon Reeve Musk is a business magnate, investor and engineer. He is the founder, CEO, and lead designer of SpaceX; co-founder, CEO, and product architect of Tesla, Inc.; co-founder and CEO of Neuralink; and co-founder of PayPal. In December 2016, he was ranked 21st on the Forbes list of The World's Most Powerful People. As of August 2018, he has a net worth of $20.2 billion and is listed by Forbes as the 46th-richest person in the world. Elon Musk, South African-born American businessman Elon Reeve Musk is a business magnate, investor and engineer. He is the founder, CEO, and lead designer of SpaceX; co-founder, CEO, and product architect of Tesla, Inc.; co-founder and CEO of Neuralink; and co-founder of PayPal. In December 2016, he was ranked 21st on the Forbes list of The World's Most Powerful People. As of August 2018, he has a net worth of $20.2 billion and is listed by Forbes as the 46th-richest person in the world.
Eminem, American rapper, producer, and actor Marshall Bruce Mathers III, known professionally as Eminem, is an American rapper, songwriter, record producer, record executive, and actor. Eminem, American rapper, producer, and actor Marshall Bruce Mathers III, known professionally as Eminem, is an American rapper, songwriter, record producer, record executive, and actor.
Carol Lawhon (Rutherford) was 39 years old when Elizabeth II, in her capacity as Queen of Australia, formally opened the Sydney Opera House on Bennelong Point in Sydney Harbour. Elizabeth II is Queen of the United Kingdom and the other Commonwealth realms. Elizabeth II, in her capacity as Queen of Australia, formally opened the Sydney Opera House on Bennelong Point in Sydney Harbour. Elizabeth II is Queen of the United Kingdom and the other Commonwealth realms.
Carol Lawhon (Rutherford) was 40 years old when India's first satellite Aryabhata launched in orbit from Kapustin Yar, Russia. India, also called the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast. It shares land borders with Pakistan to the west; China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the northeast; and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives. India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia. India's first satellite Aryabhata launched in orbit from Kapustin Yar, Russia. India, also called the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast. It shares land borders with Pakistan to the west; China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the northeast; and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives. India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia.
Carol Lawhon (Rutherford) was 42 years old when Star Wars is released in theaters. Star Wars is a 1977 American epic space opera film written and directed by George Lucas. It is the first film in the original Star Wars trilogy and the beginning of the Star Wars franchise. Starring Mark Hamill, Harrison Ford, Carrie Fisher, Peter Cushing, Alec Guinness, David Prowse, James Earl Jones, Anthony Daniels, Kenny Baker, and Peter Mayhew, the film focuses on the Rebel Alliance, led by Princess Leia (Fisher), and its attempt to destroy the Galactic Empire's space station, the Death Star. Star Wars is released in theaters. Star Wars is a 1977 American epic space opera film written and directed by George Lucas. It is the first film in the original Star Wars trilogy and the beginning of the Star Wars franchise. Starring Mark Hamill, Harrison Ford, Carrie Fisher, Peter Cushing, Alec Guinness, David Prowse, James Earl Jones, Anthony Daniels, Kenny Baker, and Peter Mayhew, the film focuses on the Rebel Alliance, led by Princess Leia (Fisher), and its attempt to destroy the Galactic Empire's space station, the Death Star.
Carol Lawhon (Rutherford) was 44 years old when Jim Jones led more than 900 members of the Peoples Temple to mass murder/suicide in Jonestown, Guyana, hours after some of its members assassinated U.S. Congressman Leo Ryan (pictured). James Warren Jones was an American religious cult leader who initiated and was responsible for a mass suicide and mass murder in Jonestown, Guyana. He considered Jesus Christ as being in compliance with an overarching belief in socialism as the correct social order. Jones was ordained as a Disciples of Christ pastor, and he achieved notoriety as the founder and leader of the Peoples Temple cult. Jim Jones led more than 900 members of the Peoples Temple to mass murder/suicide in Jonestown, Guyana, hours after some of its members assassinated U.S. Congressman Leo Ryan (pictured). James Warren Jones was an American religious cult leader who initiated and was responsible for a mass suicide and mass murder in Jonestown, Guyana. He considered Jesus Christ as being in compliance with an overarching belief in socialism as the correct social order. Jones was ordained as a Disciples of Christ pastor, and he achieved notoriety as the founder and leader of the Peoples Temple cult.
Carol Lawhon (Rutherford) was 44 years old when A coolant leak at the Three Mile Island's Unit 2 nuclear reactor outside Harrisburg, Pennsylvania leads to the core overheating and a partial meltdown. Three Mile Island Nuclear Generating Station (TMI) is a nuclear power plant located on Three Mile Island in Londonderry Township, Pennsylvania, on the Susquehanna River just south of Harrisburg. It has two separate units, TMI-1 and TMI-2. The plant is widely known for having been the site of the most significant accident in United States commercial nuclear energy, on 28 March 1979, when TMI-2 suffered a partial meltdown. As per the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) report, the accident resulted in no deaths or injuries to plant workers or members of nearby communities. Follow-up epidemiology studies have linked no incidents of cancer to the accident. The reactor core of TMI-2 has since been removed from the site, but the site has not been decommissioned. In July 1998, Amergen Energy agreed to purchase TMI from General Public Utilities for $100 million. A coolant leak at the Three Mile Island's Unit 2 nuclear reactor outside Harrisburg, Pennsylvania leads to the core overheating and a partial meltdown. Three Mile Island Nuclear Generating Station (TMI) is a nuclear power plant located on Three Mile Island in Londonderry Township, Pennsylvania, on the Susquehanna River just south of Harrisburg. It has two separate units, TMI-1 and TMI-2. The plant is widely known for having been the site of the most significant accident in United States commercial nuclear energy, on 28 March 1979, when TMI-2 suffered a partial meltdown. As per the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) report, the accident resulted in no deaths or injuries to plant workers or members of nearby communities. Follow-up epidemiology studies have linked no incidents of cancer to the accident. The reactor core of TMI-2 has since been removed from the site, but the site has not been decommissioned. In July 1998, Amergen Energy agreed to purchase TMI from General Public Utilities for $100 million.
Kim Kardashian, American reality television personality, actress, model, businesswoman and socialite Kimberly Noel Kardashian West is an American reality television personality, entrepreneur and socialite. Kardashian first gained media attention as a friend and stylist of Paris Hilton, but received wider notice after a 2003 sex tape with her former boyfriend Ray J was leaked in 2007. Later that year, she and her family began to appear in the E! reality television series Keeping Up with the Kardashians. Its success soon led to the creation of spin-offs including Kourtney and Kim Take New York and Kourtney and Khloé Take Miami. Kardashian's personal life soon became subject to widespread media attention. Kim Kardashian, American reality television personality, actress, model, businesswoman and socialite Kimberly Noel Kardashian West is an American reality television personality, entrepreneur and socialite. Kardashian first gained media attention as a friend and stylist of Paris Hilton, but received wider notice after a 2003 sex tape with her former boyfriend Ray J was leaked in 2007. Later that year, she and her family began to appear in the E! reality television series Keeping Up with the Kardashians. Its success soon led to the creation of spin-offs including Kourtney and Kim Take New York and Kourtney and Khloé Take Miami. Kardashian's personal life soon became subject to widespread media attention.
Carol Lawhon (Rutherford) was 46 years old when The first launch of a Space Shuttle (Columbia) takes place: The STS-1 mission. The Space Shuttle was a partially reusable low Earth orbital spacecraft system operated by the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), as part of the Space Shuttle program. Its official program name was Space Transportation System (STS), taken from a 1969 plan for a system of reusable spacecraft of which it was the only item funded for development. The first of four orbital test flights occurred in 1981, leading to operational flights beginning in 1982. In addition to the prototype whose completion was cancelled, five complete Shuttle systems were built and used on a total of 135 missions from 1981 to 2011, launched from the Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Florida. Operational missions launched numerous satellites, interplanetary probes, and the Hubble Space Telescope (HST); conducted science experiments in orbit; and participated in construction and servicing of the International Space Station. The Shuttle fleet's total mission time was 1322 days, 19 hours, 21 minutes and 23 seconds. The first launch of a Space Shuttle (Columbia) takes place: The STS-1 mission. The Space Shuttle was a partially reusable low Earth orbital spacecraft system operated by the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), as part of the Space Shuttle program. Its official program name was Space Transportation System (STS), taken from a 1969 plan for a system of reusable spacecraft of which it was the only item funded for development. The first of four orbital test flights occurred in 1981, leading to operational flights beginning in 1982. In addition to the prototype whose completion was cancelled, five complete Shuttle systems were built and used on a total of 135 missions from 1981 to 2011, launched from the Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Florida. Operational missions launched numerous satellites, interplanetary probes, and the Hubble Space Telescope (HST); conducted science experiments in orbit; and participated in construction and servicing of the International Space Station. The Shuttle fleet's total mission time was 1322 days, 19 hours, 21 minutes and 23 seconds.
Queen Elizabeth II gave royal assent to the Canada Act 1982, which ended all remaining dependence of Canada on the United Kingdom by a process known as "patriation". Elizabeth II is Queen of the United Kingdom and the other Commonwealth realms. Queen Elizabeth II gave royal assent to the Canada Act 1982, which ended all remaining dependence of Canada on the United Kingdom by a process known as "patriation". Elizabeth II is Queen of the United Kingdom and the other Commonwealth realms.
Donald Glover, American actor, rapper, producer, and screenwriter Donald McKinley Glover Jr. is an American actor, comedian, writer, director, rapper, and DJ. He performs music under the stage name Childish Gambino and as a DJ under the name mcDJ. Donald Glover, American actor, rapper, producer, and screenwriter Donald McKinley Glover Jr. is an American actor, comedian, writer, director, rapper, and DJ. He performs music under the stage name Childish Gambino and as a DJ under the name mcDJ.
The United Kingdom and China agree to a transfer of sovereignty over Hong Kong, to take place in 1997. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a sovereign country in western Europe. Lying off the north-western coast of the European mainland, the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain, the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the United Kingdom that shares a land border with another sovereign state—the Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border, the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the North Sea to its east, the English Channel to its south and the Celtic Sea to its south-south-west, giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world. The Irish Sea lies between Great Britain and Ireland. With an area of 242,500 square kilometres (93,600 sq mi), the United Kingdom is the 78th-largest sovereign state in the world. It is also the 21st-most populous country, with an estimated 66.0 million inhabitants in 2017. The United Kingdom and China agree to a transfer of sovereignty over Hong Kong, to take place in 1997. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a sovereign country in western Europe. Lying off the north-western coast of the European mainland, the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain, the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the United Kingdom that shares a land border with another sovereign state—the Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border, the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the North Sea to its east, the English Channel to its south and the Celtic Sea to its south-south-west, giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world. The Irish Sea lies between Great Britain and Ireland. With an area of 242,500 square kilometres (93,600 sq mi), the United Kingdom is the 78th-largest sovereign state in the world. It is also the 21st-most populous country, with an estimated 66.0 million inhabitants in 2017.
A research assistant is injured when a package from the Unabomber addressed to a University of Michigan professor explodes. Theodore John Kaczynski, also known as the Unabomber, is an American domestic terrorist. A mathematics prodigy, he abandoned an academic career in 1969 to pursue a primitive lifestyle. Then, between 1978 and 1995, he killed three people and injured 23 others in an attempt to start a revolution by conducting a nationwide bombing campaign targeting people involved with modern technology. In conjunction, he issued a social critique opposing industrialization and advancing a nature-centered form of anarchism. A research assistant is injured when a package from the Unabomber addressed to a University of Michigan professor explodes. Theodore John Kaczynski, also known as the Unabomber, is an American domestic terrorist. A mathematics prodigy, he abandoned an academic career in 1969 to pursue a primitive lifestyle. Then, between 1978 and 1995, he killed three people and injured 23 others in an attempt to start a revolution by conducting a nationwide bombing campaign targeting people involved with modern technology. In conjunction, he issued a social critique opposing industrialization and advancing a nature-centered form of anarchism.
Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh visit China. Elizabeth II is Queen of the United Kingdom and the other Commonwealth realms. Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh visit China. Elizabeth II is Queen of the United Kingdom and the other Commonwealth realms.
Lionel Messi, Argentinian footballer Lionel Andrés Messi Cuccittini is an Argentine professional footballer who plays as a forward and captains both Spanish club Barcelona and the Argentina national team. Often considered the best player in the world and regarded by many as one of the greatest players of all time, Messi has won a record-tying five Ballon d'Or awards, four of which he won consecutively, and a record five European Golden Shoes. He has spent his entire professional career with Barcelona, where he has won 33 trophies, including nine La Liga titles, four UEFA Champions League titles, and six Copas del Rey. Both a prolific goalscorer and a creative playmaker, Messi holds the records for most official goals scored in La Liga (385), a La Liga season (50), a club football season in Europe (73), a calendar year (91), El Clásico (26), as well as those for most assists in La Liga (149) and the Copa América (11). He has scored over 600 senior career goals for club and country. Lionel Messi, Argentinian footballer Lionel Andrés Messi Cuccittini is an Argentine professional footballer who plays as a forward and captains both Spanish club Barcelona and the Argentina national team. Often considered the best player in the world and regarded by many as one of the greatest players of all time, Messi has won a record-tying five Ballon d'Or awards, four of which he won consecutively, and a record five European Golden Shoes. He has spent his entire professional career with Barcelona, where he has won 33 trophies, including nine La Liga titles, four UEFA Champions League titles, and six Copas del Rey. Both a prolific goalscorer and a creative playmaker, Messi holds the records for most official goals scored in La Liga (385), a La Liga season (50), a club football season in Europe (73), a calendar year (91), El Clásico (26), as well as those for most assists in La Liga (149) and the Copa América (11). He has scored over 600 senior career goals for club and country.
Michael Jordan makes his signature slam dunk from the free throw line inspiring Air Jordan and the Jumpman logo. Michael Jeffrey Jordan, also known by his initials, MJ, is an American former professional basketball player. He played 15 seasons in the National Basketball Association (NBA) for the Chicago Bulls and Washington Wizards. His biography on the official NBA website states: "By acclamation, Michael Jordan is the greatest basketball player of all time." Jordan was one of the most effectively marketed athletes of his generation and was considered instrumental in popularizing the NBA around the world in the 1980s and 1990s. He is currently the principal owner and chairman of the NBA's Charlotte Hornets. Michael Jordan makes his signature slam dunk from the free throw line inspiring Air Jordan and the Jumpman logo. Michael Jeffrey Jordan, also known by his initials, MJ, is an American former professional basketball player. He played 15 seasons in the National Basketball Association (NBA) for the Chicago Bulls and Washington Wizards. His biography on the official NBA website states: "By acclamation, Michael Jordan is the greatest basketball player of all time." Jordan was one of the most effectively marketed athletes of his generation and was considered instrumental in popularizing the NBA around the world in the 1980s and 1990s. He is currently the principal owner and chairman of the NBA's Charlotte Hornets.
Carol Lawhon (Rutherford) was 54 years old when The tanker Exxon Valdez spilled 10.8 million US gallons (260,000 bbl; 41,000 m3) of oil into Prince William Sound, Alaska, causing one of the most devastating man-made maritime environmental disasters. A tanker is a ship designed to transport or store liquids or gases in bulk. Major types of tankship include the oil tanker, the chemical tanker, and gas carrier. Tankers also carry commodities such as vegetable oils, molasses and wine. In the United States Navy and Military Sealift Command, a tanker used to refuel other ships is called an oiler but many other navies use the terms tanker and replenishment tanker. The tanker Exxon Valdez spilled 10.8 million US gallons (260,000 bbl; 41,000 m3) of oil into Prince William Sound, Alaska, causing one of the most devastating man-made maritime environmental disasters. A tanker is a ship designed to transport or store liquids or gases in bulk. Major types of tankship include the oil tanker, the chemical tanker, and gas carrier. Tankers also carry commodities such as vegetable oils, molasses and wine. In the United States Navy and Military Sealift Command, a tanker used to refuel other ships is called an oiler but many other navies use the terms tanker and replenishment tanker.
Carol Lawhon (Rutherford) was 55 years old when Nelson Mandela is released from Victor Verster Prison outside Cape Town, South Africa after 27 years as a political prisoner. Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela was a South African anti-apartheid revolutionary, political leader, and philanthropist who served as President of South Africa from 1994 to 1999. He was the country's first black head of state and the first elected in a fully representative democratic election. His government focused on dismantling the legacy of apartheid by tackling institutionalised racism and fostering racial reconciliation. Ideologically an African nationalist and socialist, he served as President of the African National Congress (ANC) party from 1991 to 1997. Nelson Mandela is released from Victor Verster Prison outside Cape Town, South Africa after 27 years as a political prisoner. Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela was a South African anti-apartheid revolutionary, political leader, and philanthropist who served as President of South Africa from 1994 to 1999. He was the country's first black head of state and the first elected in a fully representative democratic election. His government focused on dismantling the legacy of apartheid by tackling institutionalised racism and fostering racial reconciliation. Ideologically an African nationalist and socialist, he served as President of the African National Congress (ANC) party from 1991 to 1997.
Croatia and Slovenia vote to sever constitutional relations with Yugoslavia. Croatia, officially the Republic of Croatia is a country at the crossroads of Central and Southeast Europe, on the Adriatic Sea. Its capital Zagreb forms one of the country's primary subdivisions, along with twenty counties. Croatia has an area of 56,594 square kilometres and a population of 4.28 million, most of whom are Roman Catholics. Croatia and Slovenia vote to sever constitutional relations with Yugoslavia. Croatia, officially the Republic of Croatia is a country at the crossroads of Central and Southeast Europe, on the Adriatic Sea. Its capital Zagreb forms one of the country's primary subdivisions, along with twenty counties. Croatia has an area of 56,594 square kilometres and a population of 4.28 million, most of whom are Roman Catholics.
Queen Elizabeth II officially opened the Manchester Metrolink, the first modern street-running light rail system in the United Kingdom. Elizabeth II is Queen of the United Kingdom and the other Commonwealth realms. Queen Elizabeth II officially opened the Manchester Metrolink, the first modern street-running light rail system in the United Kingdom. Elizabeth II is Queen of the United Kingdom and the other Commonwealth realms.
Pablo Escobar, Colombian drug lord Pablo Emilio Escobar Gaviria was a Colombian drug lord and narcoterrorist. His cartel supplied an estimated 80% of the cocaine smuggled into the United States at the height of his career, turning over US$21.9 billion a year in personal income. He was often called "The King of Cocaine" and was the wealthiest criminal in history, with an estimated known net worth of between US$25 and US$30 billion by the early 1990s, making him one of the richest men in the world in his prime. Pablo Escobar, Colombian drug lord Pablo Emilio Escobar Gaviria was a Colombian drug lord and narcoterrorist. His cartel supplied an estimated 80% of the cocaine smuggled into the United States at the height of his career, turning over US$21.9 billion a year in personal income. He was often called "The King of Cocaine" and was the wealthiest criminal in history, with an estimated known net worth of between US$25 and US$30 billion by the early 1990s, making him one of the richest men in the world in his prime.
Carol Lawhon (Rutherford) was 59 years old when The Rwandan genocide begins when the aircraft carrying Rwandan president Juvénal Habyarimana and Burundian president Cyprien Ntaryamira is shot down. The Rwandan genocide, also known as the genocide against the Tutsi, was a genocidal mass slaughter of Tutsi in Rwanda by members of the Hutu majority government. An estimated 500,000 to 1,000,000 Rwandans were killed during the 100-day period from 7 April to mid-July 1994, constituting as many as 70% of the Tutsi population. Additionally, 30% of the Pygmy Batwa were killed. The genocide and widespread slaughter of Rwandans ended when the Tutsi-backed and heavily armed Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) led by Paul Kagame took control of the country. An estimated 2,000,000 Rwandans, mostly Hutus, were displaced and became refugees. The Rwandan genocide begins when the aircraft carrying Rwandan president Juvénal Habyarimana and Burundian president Cyprien Ntaryamira is shot down. The Rwandan genocide, also known as the genocide against the Tutsi, was a genocidal mass slaughter of Tutsi in Rwanda by members of the Hutu majority government. An estimated 500,000 to 1,000,000 Rwandans were killed during the 100-day period from 7 April to mid-July 1994, constituting as many as 70% of the Tutsi population. Additionally, 30% of the Pygmy Batwa were killed. The genocide and widespread slaughter of Rwandans ended when the Tutsi-backed and heavily armed Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) led by Paul Kagame took control of the country. An estimated 2,000,000 Rwandans, mostly Hutus, were displaced and became refugees.
Dua Lipa, English singer-songwriter Dua Lipa is an English singer, songwriter, and model. Her musical career began at age 14, when she began covering songs by other artists on YouTube. In 2015, she signed with Warner Music Group and released her first single soon after. Dua Lipa, English singer-songwriter Dua Lipa is an English singer, songwriter, and model. Her musical career began at age 14, when she began covering songs by other artists on YouTube. In 2015, she signed with Warner Music Group and released her first single soon after.
Suspected "Unabomber" Theodore Kaczynski is captured at his Montana cabin in the United States. Theodore John Kaczynski, also known as the Unabomber, is an American domestic terrorist. A mathematics prodigy, he abandoned an academic career in 1969 to pursue a primitive lifestyle. Then, between 1978 and 1995, he killed three people and injured 23 others in an attempt to start a revolution by conducting a nationwide bombing campaign targeting people involved with modern technology. In conjunction, he issued a social critique opposing industrialization and advancing a nature-centered form of anarchism. Suspected "Unabomber" Theodore Kaczynski is captured at his Montana cabin in the United States. Theodore John Kaczynski, also known as the Unabomber, is an American domestic terrorist. A mathematics prodigy, he abandoned an academic career in 1969 to pursue a primitive lifestyle. Then, between 1978 and 1995, he killed three people and injured 23 others in an attempt to start a revolution by conducting a nationwide bombing campaign targeting people involved with modern technology. In conjunction, he issued a social critique opposing industrialization and advancing a nature-centered form of anarchism.
Queen Elizabeth II reopens the Globe Theatre in London. Elizabeth II is Queen of the United Kingdom and the other Commonwealth realms. Queen Elizabeth II reopens the Globe Theatre in London. Elizabeth II is Queen of the United Kingdom and the other Commonwealth realms.
The Google internet search engine retroactively claims this date as its birthday. Google LLC is an American multinational technology company that specializes in Internet-related services and products, which include online advertising technologies, search engine, cloud computing, software, and hardware. Google was founded in 1998 by Larry Page and Sergey Brin while they were Ph.D. students at Stanford University, California. Together, they own about 14 percent of its shares and control 56 percent of the stockholder voting power through supervoting stock. They incorporated Google as a privately held company on September 4, 1998. An initial public offering (IPO) took place on August 19, 2004, and Google moved to its new headquarters in Mountain View, California, nicknamed the Googleplex. In August 2015, Google announced plans to reorganize its various interests as a conglomerate called Alphabet Inc. Google, Alphabet's leading subsidiary, will continue to be the umbrella company for Alphabet's Internet interests. Upon completion of the restructure, Sundar Pichai was appointed CEO of Google, replacing Larry Page, who became the CEO of Alphabet. The Google internet search engine retroactively claims this date as its birthday. Google LLC is an American multinational technology company that specializes in Internet-related services and products, which include online advertising technologies, search engine, cloud computing, software, and hardware. Google was founded in 1998 by Larry Page and Sergey Brin while they were Ph.D. students at Stanford University, California. Together, they own about 14 percent of its shares and control 56 percent of the stockholder voting power through supervoting stock. They incorporated Google as a privately held company on September 4, 1998. An initial public offering (IPO) took place on August 19, 2004, and Google moved to its new headquarters in Mountain View, California, nicknamed the Googleplex. In August 2015, Google announced plans to reorganize its various interests as a conglomerate called Alphabet Inc. Google, Alphabet's leading subsidiary, will continue to be the umbrella company for Alphabet's Internet interests. Upon completion of the restructure, Sundar Pichai was appointed CEO of Google, replacing Larry Page, who became the CEO of Alphabet.
Carol Lawhon (Rutherford) was 64 years old when Columbine High School massacre: Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold killed 13 people and injured 24 others before committing suicide at Columbine High School in Columbine, Colorado. The Columbine High School massacre was a school shooting that occurred on April 20, 1999, at Columbine High School in Columbine, an unincorporated area of Jefferson County, Colorado, United States, in the Denver metropolitan area. In addition to the shootings, the complex and highly planned attack involved a fire bomb to divert firefighters, propane tanks converted to bombs placed in the cafeteria, 99 explosive devices, and car bombs. The perpetrators, senior students Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold, murdered 12 students and one teacher. They injured 21 additional people, and three more were injured while attempting to escape the school. The pair subsequently committed suicide. Columbine High School massacre: Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold killed 13 people and injured 24 others before committing suicide at Columbine High School in Columbine, Colorado. The Columbine High School massacre was a school shooting that occurred on April 20, 1999, at Columbine High School in Columbine, an unincorporated area of Jefferson County, Colorado, United States, in the Denver metropolitan area. In addition to the shootings, the complex and highly planned attack involved a fire bomb to divert firefighters, propane tanks converted to bombs placed in the cafeteria, 99 explosive devices, and car bombs. The perpetrators, senior students Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold, murdered 12 students and one teacher. They injured 21 additional people, and three more were injured while attempting to escape the school. The pair subsequently committed suicide.
Carol Lawhon (Rutherford) was 66 years old when The September 11 attacks, a series of coordinated suicide attacks killing 2,996 people using four aircraft hijacked by 19 members of al-Qaeda. Two aircraft crash into the World Trade Center in New York City, a third crashes into The Pentagon in Arlington County, Virginia, and a fourth into a field near Shanksville, Pennsylvania. The September 11 attacks were a series of four coordinated terrorist attacks by the Islamic terrorist group al-Qaeda against the United States on the morning of Tuesday, September 11, 2001. The attacks killed 2,996 people, injured over 6,000 others, and caused at least $10 billion in infrastructure and property damage. Additional people died of 9/11-related cancer and respiratory diseases in the months and years following the attacks. The September 11 attacks, a series of coordinated suicide attacks killing 2,996 people using four aircraft hijacked by 19 members of al-Qaeda. Two aircraft crash into the World Trade Center in New York City, a third crashes into The Pentagon in Arlington County, Virginia, and a fourth into a field near Shanksville, Pennsylvania. The September 11 attacks were a series of four coordinated terrorist attacks by the Islamic terrorist group al-Qaeda against the United States on the morning of Tuesday, September 11, 2001. The attacks killed 2,996 people, injured over 6,000 others, and caused at least $10 billion in infrastructure and property damage. Additional people died of 9/11-related cancer and respiratory diseases in the months and years following the attacks.
Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon (b. 1930) Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon, was the younger daughter of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth and the only sibling of Queen Elizabeth II. Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon (b. 1930) Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon, was the younger daughter of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth and the only sibling of Queen Elizabeth II.
Carol Lawhon (Rutherford) was 68 years old when Invasion of Iraq: In the early hours of the morning, the United States and three other countries (the UK, Australia and Poland) begin military operations in Iraq. The 2003 invasion of Iraq was the first stage of the Iraq War. The invasion phase began on 20 March 2003 and lasted just over one month, including 21 days of major combat operations, in which a combined force of troops from the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia and Poland invaded Iraq. This early stage of the war formally ended on 1 May 2003 when U.S. President George W. Bush declared the "end of major combat operations", after which the Coalition Provisional Authority (CPA) was established as the first of several successive transitional governments leading up to the first Iraqi parliamentary election in January 2005. U.S. military forces later remained in Iraq until the withdrawal in 2011. Invasion of Iraq: In the early hours of the morning, the United States and three other countries (the UK, Australia and Poland) begin military operations in Iraq. The 2003 invasion of Iraq was the first stage of the Iraq War. The invasion phase began on 20 March 2003 and lasted just over one month, including 21 days of major combat operations, in which a combined force of troops from the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia and Poland invaded Iraq. This early stage of the war formally ended on 1 May 2003 when U.S. President George W. Bush declared the "end of major combat operations", after which the Coalition Provisional Authority (CPA) was established as the first of several successive transitional governments leading up to the first Iraqi parliamentary election in January 2005. U.S. military forces later remained in Iraq until the withdrawal in 2011.
Millie Bobby Brown, English actress and model Millie Bobby Brown is a British actress and model. She rose to prominence for her role as Eleven in the Netflix science fiction drama series Stranger Things, for which she earned a Primetime Emmy Award nomination for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series at age 13. She is also the youngest person ever to feature on TIME 100 list of the 100 most influential people. Millie Bobby Brown, English actress and model Millie Bobby Brown is a British actress and model. She rose to prominence for her role as Eleven in the Netflix science fiction drama series Stranger Things, for which she earned a Primetime Emmy Award nomination for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series at age 13. She is also the youngest person ever to feature on TIME 100 list of the 100 most influential people.
Charles, Prince of Wales marries Camilla Parker Bowles in a civil ceremony at Windsor's Guildhall. Charles, Prince of Wales is the heir apparent to the British throne as the eldest child of Queen Elizabeth II. He has been Duke of Cornwall and Duke of Rothesay since 1952, and is the oldest and longest-serving heir apparent in British history. He is also the longest-serving Prince of Wales, having held that title since 1958. Charles, Prince of Wales marries Camilla Parker Bowles in a civil ceremony at Windsor's Guildhall. Charles, Prince of Wales is the heir apparent to the British throne as the eldest child of Queen Elizabeth II. He has been Duke of Cornwall and Duke of Rothesay since 1952, and is the oldest and longest-serving heir apparent in British history. He is also the longest-serving Prince of Wales, having held that title since 1958.
Queen Elizabeth II unveils the New Zealand War Memorial in London, United Kingdom, commemorating the loss of soldiers from the New Zealand Army and the British Army. Elizabeth II is Queen of the United Kingdom and the other Commonwealth realms. Queen Elizabeth II unveils the New Zealand War Memorial in London, United Kingdom, commemorating the loss of soldiers from the New Zealand Army and the British Army. Elizabeth II is Queen of the United Kingdom and the other Commonwealth realms.
Elizabeth II becomes the oldest monarch of the United Kingdom, surpassing Queen Victoria, who lived for 81 years, 7 months and 29 days. Elizabeth II is Queen of the United Kingdom and the other Commonwealth realms. Elizabeth II becomes the oldest monarch of the United Kingdom, surpassing Queen Victoria, who lived for 81 years, 7 months and 29 days. Elizabeth II is Queen of the United Kingdom and the other Commonwealth realms.
Barack Obama became the first African American to be elected President of the United States. Barack Hussein Obama II is an American politician who served as the 44th President of the United States from January 20, 2009, to January 20, 2017. A member of the Democratic Party, he was the first African American to assume the presidency and previously served as a United States Senator from Illinois (2005–2008). Barack Obama became the first African American to be elected President of the United States. Barack Hussein Obama II is an American politician who served as the 44th President of the United States from January 20, 2009, to January 20, 2017. A member of the Democratic Party, he was the first African American to assume the presidency and previously served as a United States Senator from Illinois (2005–2008).
Barack Obama is inaugurated as the 44th President of the United States of America, becoming the first African-American President of the United States. Barack Hussein Obama II is an American politician who served as the 44th President of the United States from January 20, 2009, to January 20, 2017. A member of the Democratic Party, he was the first African American to assume the presidency and previously served as a United States Senator from Illinois (2005–2008). Barack Obama is inaugurated as the 44th President of the United States of America, becoming the first African-American President of the United States. Barack Hussein Obama II is an American politician who served as the 44th President of the United States from January 20, 2009, to January 20, 2017. A member of the Democratic Party, he was the first African American to assume the presidency and previously served as a United States Senator from Illinois (2005–2008).
The first African FIFA World Cup kicks off in South Africa. The FIFA World Cup, often simply called the World Cup, is an international association football competition contested by the senior men's national teams of the members of the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA), the sport's global governing body. The championship has been awarded every four years since the inaugural tournament in 1930, except in 1942 and 1946 when it was not held because of the Second World War. The current champion is France, which won its second title at the 2018 tournament in Russia. The first African FIFA World Cup kicks off in South Africa. The FIFA World Cup, often simply called the World Cup, is an international association football competition contested by the senior men's national teams of the members of the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA), the sport's global governing body. The championship has been awarded every four years since the inaugural tournament in 1930, except in 1942 and 1946 when it was not held because of the Second World War. The current champion is France, which won its second title at the 2018 tournament in Russia.
Carol Lawhon (Rutherford) died on 9 Feb 2011
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Life timeline of Jesus Castro
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Jesus Castro was 36 years old when Babe Ruth becomes the first baseball player to hit 500 home runs in his career with a home run at League Park in Cleveland, Ohio. George Herman "Babe" Ruth Jr. was an American professional baseball player whose career in Major League Baseball (MLB) spanned 22 seasons, from 1914 through 1935. Nicknamed "The Bambino" and "The Sultan of Swat", he began his MLB career as a stellar left-handed pitcher for the Boston Red Sox, but achieved his greatest fame as a slugging outfielder for the New York Yankees. Ruth established many MLB batting records, including career home runs (714), runs batted in (RBIs) (2,213), bases on balls (2,062), slugging percentage (.690), and on-base plus slugging (OPS) (1.164); the latter two still stand as of 2018. Ruth is regarded as one of the greatest sports heroes in American culture and is considered by many to be the greatest baseball player of all time. In 1936, Ruth was elected into the Baseball Hall of Fame as one of its "first five" inaugural members.
Jesus Castro was born in 1893
Coca-Cola is bottled and sold for the first time in Vicksburg, Mississippi, by local soda fountain operator Joseph A. Biedenharn. Coca-Cola, or Coke is a carbonated soft drink manufactured by The Coca-Cola Company. Originally intended as a patent medicine, it was invented in the late 19th century by John Pemberton and was bought out by businessman Asa Griggs Candler, whose marketing tactics led Coca-Cola to its dominance of the world soft-drink market throughout the 20th century. The drink's name refers to two of its original ingredients: coca leaves, and kola nuts. The current formula of Coca-Cola remains a trade secret, although a variety of reported recipes and experimental recreations have been published. Coca-Cola is bottled and sold for the first time in Vicksburg, Mississippi, by local soda fountain operator Joseph A. Biedenharn. Coca-Cola, or Coke is a carbonated soft drink manufactured by The Coca-Cola Company. Originally intended as a patent medicine, it was invented in the late 19th century by John Pemberton and was bought out by businessman Asa Griggs Candler, whose marketing tactics led Coca-Cola to its dominance of the world soft-drink market throughout the 20th century. The drink's name refers to two of its original ingredients: coca leaves, and kola nuts. The current formula of Coca-Cola remains a trade secret, although a variety of reported recipes and experimental recreations have been published.
George VI of the United Kingdom (d. 1952) George VI was King of the United Kingdom and the Dominions of the British Commonwealth from 11 December 1936 until his death in 1952. He was the last Emperor of India and the first Head of the Commonwealth. George VI of the United Kingdom (d. 1952) George VI was King of the United Kingdom and the Dominions of the British Commonwealth from 11 December 1936 until his death in 1952. He was the last Emperor of India and the first Head of the Commonwealth.
Queen Victoria surpasses her grandfather King George III as the longest reigning monarch in British history. Victoria was Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837 until her death. On 1 May 1876, she adopted the additional title of Empress of India. Queen Victoria surpasses her grandfather King George III as the longest reigning monarch in British history. Victoria was Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837 until her death. On 1 May 1876, she adopted the additional title of Empress of India.
Dracula, a novel by Irish author Bram Stoker, is published. Dracula is an 1897 Gothic horror novel by Irish author Bram Stoker. It introduced Count Dracula, and established many conventions of subsequent vampire fantasy. The novel tells the story of Dracula's attempt to move from Transylvania to England so that he may find new blood and spread the undead curse, and of the battle between Dracula and a small group of men and a woman led by Professor Abraham Van Helsing. Dracula, a novel by Irish author Bram Stoker, is published. Dracula is an 1897 Gothic horror novel by Irish author Bram Stoker. It introduced Count Dracula, and established many conventions of subsequent vampire fantasy. The novel tells the story of Dracula's attempt to move from Transylvania to England so that he may find new blood and spread the undead curse, and of the battle between Dracula and a small group of men and a woman led by Professor Abraham Van Helsing.
Philippine Declaration of Independence: General Emilio Aguinaldo declares the Philippines' independence from Spain. The Philippine Declaration of Independence was proclaimed on June 12, 1898 in Cavite II el Viejo, Philippines. With the public reading of the Act of the Declaration of Independence, Filipino revolutionary forces under General Emilio Aguinaldo proclaimed the sovereignty and independence of the Philippine Islands from the colonial rule of Spain. Philippine Declaration of Independence: General Emilio Aguinaldo declares the Philippines' independence from Spain. The Philippine Declaration of Independence was proclaimed on June 12, 1898 in Cavite II el Viejo, Philippines. With the public reading of the Act of the Declaration of Independence, Filipino revolutionary forces under General Emilio Aguinaldo proclaimed the sovereignty and independence of the Philippine Islands from the colonial rule of Spain.
Funeral of Queen Victoria. Victoria was Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837 until her death. On 1 May 1876, she adopted the additional title of Empress of India. Funeral of Queen Victoria. Victoria was Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837 until her death. On 1 May 1876, she adopted the additional title of Empress of India.
Jesus Castro was 10 years old when The Wright brothers make their first attempt to fly with the Wright Flyer at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina. The Wright brothers, Orville and Wilbur, were two American aviators, engineers, inventors, and aviation pioneers who are generally credited with inventing, building, and flying the world's first successful airplane. They made the first controlled, sustained flight of a powered, heavier-than-air aircraft on December 17, 1903, four miles south of Kitty Hawk, North Carolina. In 1904–05 the brothers developed their flying machine into the first practical fixed-wing aircraft. Although not the first to build experimental aircraft, the Wright brothers were the first to invent aircraft controls that made fixed-wing powered flight possible. The Wright brothers make their first attempt to fly with the Wright Flyer at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina. The Wright brothers, Orville and Wilbur, were two American aviators, engineers, inventors, and aviation pioneers who are generally credited with inventing, building, and flying the world's first successful airplane. They made the first controlled, sustained flight of a powered, heavier-than-air aircraft on December 17, 1903, four miles south of Kitty Hawk, North Carolina. In 1904–05 the brothers developed their flying machine into the first practical fixed-wing aircraft. Although not the first to build experimental aircraft, the Wright brothers were the first to invent aircraft controls that made fixed-wing powered flight possible.
Jesus Castro was 12 years old when Albert Einstein publishes his first paper on the special theory of relativity. Albert Einstein was a German-born theoretical physicist who developed the theory of relativity, one of the two pillars of modern physics. His work is also known for its influence on the philosophy of science. He is best known to the general public for his mass–energy equivalence formula E = mc2, which has been dubbed "the world's most famous equation". He received the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics "for his services to theoretical physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect", a pivotal step in the development of quantum theory. Albert Einstein publishes his first paper on the special theory of relativity. Albert Einstein was a German-born theoretical physicist who developed the theory of relativity, one of the two pillars of modern physics. His work is also known for its influence on the philosophy of science. He is best known to the general public for his mass–energy equivalence formula E = mc2, which has been dubbed "the world's most famous equation". He received the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics "for his services to theoretical physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect", a pivotal step in the development of quantum theory.
Jesus Castro was 15 years old when Ford puts the Model T car on the market at a price of US$825. Ford Motor Company is an American multinational automaker headquartered in Dearborn, Michigan, a suburb of Detroit. It was founded by Henry Ford and incorporated on June 16, 1903. The company sells automobiles and commercial vehicles under the Ford brand and most luxury cars under the Lincoln brand. Ford also owns Brazilian SUV manufacturer Troller, an 8% stake in Aston Martin of the United Kingdom, and a 49% stake in Jiangling Motors of China. It also has joint-ventures in China, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, and Russia. The company is listed on the New York Stock Exchange and is controlled by the Ford family; they have minority ownership but the majority of the voting power. Ford puts the Model T car on the market at a price of US$825. Ford Motor Company is an American multinational automaker headquartered in Dearborn, Michigan, a suburb of Detroit. It was founded by Henry Ford and incorporated on June 16, 1903. The company sells automobiles and commercial vehicles under the Ford brand and most luxury cars under the Lincoln brand. Ford also owns Brazilian SUV manufacturer Troller, an 8% stake in Aston Martin of the United Kingdom, and a 49% stake in Jiangling Motors of China. It also has joint-ventures in China, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, and Russia. The company is listed on the New York Stock Exchange and is controlled by the Ford family; they have minority ownership but the majority of the voting power.
Jesus Castro was 19 years old when The British passenger liner RMS Titanic sinks in the North Atlantic at 2:20 a.m., two hours and forty minutes after hitting an iceberg. Only 710 of 2,227 passengers and crew on board survive. RMS Titanic was a British passenger liner that sank in the North Atlantic Ocean in the early hours of 15 April 1912, after colliding with an iceberg during its maiden voyage from Southampton to New York City. There were an estimated 2,224 passengers and crew aboard, and more than 1,500 died, making it one of the deadliest commercial peacetime maritime disasters in modern history. RMS Titanic was the largest ship afloat at the time it entered service and was the second of three Olympic-class ocean liners operated by the White Star Line. It was built by the Harland and Wolff shipyard in Belfast. Thomas Andrews, her architect, died in the disaster. The British passenger liner RMS Titanic sinks in the North Atlantic at 2:20 a.m., two hours and forty minutes after hitting an iceberg. Only 710 of 2,227 passengers and crew on board survive. RMS Titanic was a British passenger liner that sank in the North Atlantic Ocean in the early hours of 15 April 1912, after colliding with an iceberg during its maiden voyage from Southampton to New York City. There were an estimated 2,224 passengers and crew aboard, and more than 1,500 died, making it one of the deadliest commercial peacetime maritime disasters in modern history. RMS Titanic was the largest ship afloat at the time it entered service and was the second of three Olympic-class ocean liners operated by the White Star Line. It was built by the Harland and Wolff shipyard in Belfast. Thomas Andrews, her architect, died in the disaster.
World War I: Private Thomas Highgate becomes the first British soldier to be executed for desertion during the war. World War I, also known as the First World War or the Great War, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918. Contemporaneously described as the "war to end all wars", more than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, were mobilised in one of the largest wars in history. Over nine million combatants and seven million civilians died as a result of the war, a casualty rate exacerbated by the belligerents' technological and industrial sophistication, and the tactical stalemate caused by gruelling trench warfare. It was one of the deadliest conflicts in history and precipitated major political change, including the Revolutions of 1917–1923 in many of the nations involved. Unresolved rivalries at the end of the conflict contributed to the start of the Second World War twenty-one years later. World War I: Private Thomas Highgate becomes the first British soldier to be executed for desertion during the war. World War I, also known as the First World War or the Great War, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918. Contemporaneously described as the "war to end all wars", more than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, were mobilised in one of the largest wars in history. Over nine million combatants and seven million civilians died as a result of the war, a casualty rate exacerbated by the belligerents' technological and industrial sophistication, and the tactical stalemate caused by gruelling trench warfare. It was one of the deadliest conflicts in history and precipitated major political change, including the Revolutions of 1917–1923 in many of the nations involved. Unresolved rivalries at the end of the conflict contributed to the start of the Second World War twenty-one years later.
World War I: Second Battle of Artois between German and French forces. World War I, also known as the First World War or the Great War, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918. Contemporaneously described as the "war to end all wars", more than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, were mobilised in one of the largest wars in history. Over nine million combatants and seven million civilians died as a result of the war, a casualty rate exacerbated by the belligerents' technological and industrial sophistication, and the tactical stalemate caused by gruelling trench warfare. It was one of the deadliest conflicts in history and precipitated major political change, including the Revolutions of 1917–1923 in many of the nations involved. Unresolved rivalries at the end of the conflict contributed to the start of the Second World War twenty-one years later. World War I: Second Battle of Artois between German and French forces. World War I, also known as the First World War or the Great War, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918. Contemporaneously described as the "war to end all wars", more than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, were mobilised in one of the largest wars in history. Over nine million combatants and seven million civilians died as a result of the war, a casualty rate exacerbated by the belligerents' technological and industrial sophistication, and the tactical stalemate caused by gruelling trench warfare. It was one of the deadliest conflicts in history and precipitated major political change, including the Revolutions of 1917–1923 in many of the nations involved. Unresolved rivalries at the end of the conflict contributed to the start of the Second World War twenty-one years later.
Amid the First World War and following his loss of support in Parliament, British Prime Minister H. H. Asquith (pictured) resigned. World War I, also known as the First World War or the Great War, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918. Contemporaneously described as the "war to end all wars", more than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, were mobilised in one of the largest wars in history. Over nine million combatants and seven million civilians died as a result of the war, a casualty rate exacerbated by the belligerents' technological and industrial sophistication, and the tactical stalemate caused by gruelling trench warfare. It was one of the deadliest conflicts in history and precipitated major political change, including the Revolutions of 1917–1923 in many of the nations involved. Unresolved rivalries at the end of the conflict contributed to the start of the Second World War twenty-one years later. Amid the First World War and following his loss of support in Parliament, British Prime Minister H. H. Asquith (pictured) resigned. World War I, also known as the First World War or the Great War, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918. Contemporaneously described as the "war to end all wars", more than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, were mobilised in one of the largest wars in history. Over nine million combatants and seven million civilians died as a result of the war, a casualty rate exacerbated by the belligerents' technological and industrial sophistication, and the tactical stalemate caused by gruelling trench warfare. It was one of the deadliest conflicts in history and precipitated major political change, including the Revolutions of 1917–1923 in many of the nations involved. Unresolved rivalries at the end of the conflict contributed to the start of the Second World War twenty-one years later.
World War I: The Allies reach the Yser Canal at the Battle of Passchendaele. World War I, also known as the First World War or the Great War, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918. Contemporaneously described as the "war to end all wars", more than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, were mobilised in one of the largest wars in history. Over nine million combatants and seven million civilians died as a result of the war, a casualty rate exacerbated by the belligerents' technological and industrial sophistication, and the tactical stalemate caused by gruelling trench warfare. It was one of the deadliest conflicts in history and precipitated major political change, including the Revolutions of 1917–1923 in many of the nations involved. Unresolved rivalries at the end of the conflict contributed to the start of the Second World War twenty-one years later. World War I: The Allies reach the Yser Canal at the Battle of Passchendaele. World War I, also known as the First World War or the Great War, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918. Contemporaneously described as the "war to end all wars", more than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, were mobilised in one of the largest wars in history. Over nine million combatants and seven million civilians died as a result of the war, a casualty rate exacerbated by the belligerents' technological and industrial sophistication, and the tactical stalemate caused by gruelling trench warfare. It was one of the deadliest conflicts in history and precipitated major political change, including the Revolutions of 1917–1923 in many of the nations involved. Unresolved rivalries at the end of the conflict contributed to the start of the Second World War twenty-one years later.
World War I: The Battle of Hamel, a successful attack by the Australian Corps against German positions near the town of Le Hamel on the Western Front. World War I, also known as the First World War or the Great War, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918. Contemporaneously described as the "war to end all wars", more than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, were mobilised in one of the largest wars in history. Over nine million combatants and seven million civilians died as a result of the war, a casualty rate exacerbated by the belligerents' technological and industrial sophistication, and the tactical stalemate caused by gruelling trench warfare. It was one of the deadliest conflicts in history and precipitated major political change, including the Revolutions of 1917–1923 in many of the nations involved. Unresolved rivalries at the end of the conflict contributed to the start of the Second World War twenty-one years later. World War I: The Battle of Hamel, a successful attack by the Australian Corps against German positions near the town of Le Hamel on the Western Front. World War I, also known as the First World War or the Great War, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918. Contemporaneously described as the "war to end all wars", more than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, were mobilised in one of the largest wars in history. Over nine million combatants and seven million civilians died as a result of the war, a casualty rate exacerbated by the belligerents' technological and industrial sophistication, and the tactical stalemate caused by gruelling trench warfare. It was one of the deadliest conflicts in history and precipitated major political change, including the Revolutions of 1917–1923 in many of the nations involved. Unresolved rivalries at the end of the conflict contributed to the start of the Second World War twenty-one years later.
World War I: The Paris Peace Conference opens in Versailles, France. World War I, also known as the First World War or the Great War, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918. Contemporaneously described as the "war to end all wars", more than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, were mobilised in one of the largest wars in history. Over nine million combatants and seven million civilians died as a result of the war, a casualty rate exacerbated by the belligerents' technological and industrial sophistication, and the tactical stalemate caused by gruelling trench warfare. It was one of the deadliest conflicts in history and precipitated major political change, including the Revolutions of 1917–1923 in many of the nations involved. Unresolved rivalries at the end of the conflict contributed to the start of the Second World War twenty-one years later. World War I: The Paris Peace Conference opens in Versailles, France. World War I, also known as the First World War or the Great War, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918. Contemporaneously described as the "war to end all wars", more than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, were mobilised in one of the largest wars in history. Over nine million combatants and seven million civilians died as a result of the war, a casualty rate exacerbated by the belligerents' technological and industrial sophistication, and the tactical stalemate caused by gruelling trench warfare. It was one of the deadliest conflicts in history and precipitated major political change, including the Revolutions of 1917–1923 in many of the nations involved. Unresolved rivalries at the end of the conflict contributed to the start of the Second World War twenty-one years later.
Jesus Castro was 27 years old when The Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution was ratified, guaranteeing women's suffrage in America. The Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution prohibits the states and the federal government from denying the right to vote to citizens of the United States on the basis of sex. It was adopted on August 18, 1920. The Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution was ratified, guaranteeing women's suffrage in America. The Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution prohibits the states and the federal government from denying the right to vote to citizens of the United States on the basis of sex. It was adopted on August 18, 1920.
Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, is the husband and consort of Queen Elizabeth II. Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, is the husband and consort of Queen Elizabeth II.
Adolf Hitler was arrested in Munich for high treason for his role in the Beer Hall Putsch. Adolf Hitler was a German politician, demagogue, and Pan-German revolutionary, who was the leader of the Nazi Party, Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945 and Führer ("Leader") of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945. As dictator, Hitler initiated World War II in Europe with the invasion of Poland in September 1939, and was central to the Holocaust. Adolf Hitler was arrested in Munich for high treason for his role in the Beer Hall Putsch. Adolf Hitler was a German politician, demagogue, and Pan-German revolutionary, who was the leader of the Nazi Party, Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945 and Führer ("Leader") of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945. As dictator, Hitler initiated World War II in Europe with the invasion of Poland in September 1939, and was central to the Holocaust.
Adolf Hitler is released from Landsberg Prison. Adolf Hitler was a German politician, demagogue, and Pan-German revolutionary, who was the leader of the Nazi Party, Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945 and Führer ("Leader") of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945. As dictator, Hitler initiated World War II in Europe with the invasion of Poland in September 1939, and was central to the Holocaust. Adolf Hitler is released from Landsberg Prison. Adolf Hitler was a German politician, demagogue, and Pan-German revolutionary, who was the leader of the Nazi Party, Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945 and Führer ("Leader") of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945. As dictator, Hitler initiated World War II in Europe with the invasion of Poland in September 1939, and was central to the Holocaust.
Adolf Hitler publishes Mein Kampf. Adolf Hitler was a German politician, demagogue, and Pan-German revolutionary, who was the leader of the Nazi Party, Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945 and Führer ("Leader") of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945. As dictator, Hitler initiated World War II in Europe with the invasion of Poland in September 1939, and was central to the Holocaust. Adolf Hitler publishes Mein Kampf. Adolf Hitler was a German politician, demagogue, and Pan-German revolutionary, who was the leader of the Nazi Party, Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945 and Führer ("Leader") of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945. As dictator, Hitler initiated World War II in Europe with the invasion of Poland in September 1939, and was central to the Holocaust.
The United Kingdom general strike begins. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a sovereign country in western Europe. Lying off the north-western coast of the European mainland, the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain, the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the United Kingdom that shares a land border with another sovereign state—the Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border, the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the North Sea to its east, the English Channel to its south and the Celtic Sea to its south-south-west, giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world. The Irish Sea lies between Great Britain and Ireland. With an area of 242,500 square kilometres (93,600 sq mi), the United Kingdom is the 78th-largest sovereign state in the world. It is also the 21st-most populous country, with an estimated 66.0 million inhabitants in 2017. The United Kingdom general strike begins. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a sovereign country in western Europe. Lying off the north-western coast of the European mainland, the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain, the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the United Kingdom that shares a land border with another sovereign state—the Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border, the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the North Sea to its east, the English Channel to its south and the Celtic Sea to its south-south-west, giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world. The Irish Sea lies between Great Britain and Ireland. With an area of 242,500 square kilometres (93,600 sq mi), the United Kingdom is the 78th-largest sovereign state in the world. It is also the 21st-most populous country, with an estimated 66.0 million inhabitants in 2017.
Jesus Castro was 35 years old when Walt Disney character Mickey Mouse premieres in his first cartoon, "Plane Crazy". Walter Elias Disney was an American entrepreneur, animator, voice actor and film producer. A pioneer of the American animation industry, he introduced several developments in the production of cartoons. As a film producer, Disney holds the record for most Academy Awards earned by an individual, having won 22 Oscars from 59 nominations. He was presented with two Golden Globe Special Achievement Awards and an Emmy Award, among other honors. Several of his films are included in the National Film Registry by the Library of Congress. Walt Disney character Mickey Mouse premieres in his first cartoon, "Plane Crazy". Walter Elias Disney was an American entrepreneur, animator, voice actor and film producer. A pioneer of the American animation industry, he introduced several developments in the production of cartoons. As a film producer, Disney holds the record for most Academy Awards earned by an individual, having won 22 Oscars from 59 nominations. He was presented with two Golden Globe Special Achievement Awards and an Emmy Award, among other honors. Several of his films are included in the National Film Registry by the Library of Congress.
Jesus Castro was 36 years old when The New York Stock Exchange crashes in what will be called the Crash of '29 or "Black Tuesday", ending the Great Bull Market of the 1920s and beginning the Great Depression. The New York Stock Exchange, is an American stock exchange located at 11 Wall Street, Lower Manhattan, New York City, New York. It is by far the world's largest stock exchange by market capitalization of its listed companies at US$21.3 trillion as of June 2017. The average daily trading value was approximately US$169 billion in 2013. The NYSE trading floor is located at 11 Wall Street and is composed of 21 rooms used for the facilitation of trading. A fifth trading room, located at 30 Broad Street, was closed in February 2007. The main building and the 11 Wall Street building were designated National Historic Landmarks in 1978. The New York Stock Exchange crashes in what will be called the Crash of '29 or "Black Tuesday", ending the Great Bull Market of the 1920s and beginning the Great Depression. The New York Stock Exchange, is an American stock exchange located at 11 Wall Street, Lower Manhattan, New York City, New York. It is by far the world's largest stock exchange by market capitalization of its listed companies at US$21.3 trillion as of June 2017. The average daily trading value was approximately US$169 billion in 2013. The NYSE trading floor is located at 11 Wall Street and is composed of 21 rooms used for the facilitation of trading. A fifth trading room, located at 30 Broad Street, was closed in February 2007. The main building and the 11 Wall Street building were designated National Historic Landmarks in 1978.
Jesus Castro was 37 years old when Great Depression: In a State of the Union message, U.S. President Herbert Hoover proposes a $150 million (equivalent to $2,197,000,000 in 2017) public works program to help generate jobs and stimulate the economy. The Great Depression was a severe worldwide economic depression that took place mostly during the 1930s, beginning in the United States. The timing of the Great Depression varied across nations; in most countries it started in 1929 and lasted until the late-1930s. It was the longest, deepest, and most widespread depression of the 20th century. In the 21st century, the Great Depression is commonly used as an example of how far the world's economy can decline. Great Depression: In a State of the Union message, U.S. President Herbert Hoover proposes a $150 million (equivalent to $2,197,000,000 in 2017) public works program to help generate jobs and stimulate the economy. The Great Depression was a severe worldwide economic depression that took place mostly during the 1930s, beginning in the United States. The timing of the Great Depression varied across nations; in most countries it started in 1929 and lasted until the late-1930s. It was the longest, deepest, and most widespread depression of the 20th century. In the 21st century, the Great Depression is commonly used as an example of how far the world's economy can decline.
World War I veterans begin to assemble in Washington, D.C., in the Bonus Army to request cash bonuses promised to them to be paid in 1945. World War I, also known as the First World War or the Great War, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918. Contemporaneously described as the "war to end all wars", more than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, were mobilised in one of the largest wars in history. Over nine million combatants and seven million civilians died as a result of the war, a casualty rate exacerbated by the belligerents' technological and industrial sophistication, and the tactical stalemate caused by gruelling trench warfare. It was one of the deadliest conflicts in history and precipitated major political change, including the Revolutions of 1917–1923 in many of the nations involved. Unresolved rivalries at the end of the conflict contributed to the start of the Second World War twenty-one years later. World War I veterans begin to assemble in Washington, D.C., in the Bonus Army to request cash bonuses promised to them to be paid in 1945. World War I, also known as the First World War or the Great War, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918. Contemporaneously described as the "war to end all wars", more than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, were mobilised in one of the largest wars in history. Over nine million combatants and seven million civilians died as a result of the war, a casualty rate exacerbated by the belligerents' technological and industrial sophistication, and the tactical stalemate caused by gruelling trench warfare. It was one of the deadliest conflicts in history and precipitated major political change, including the Revolutions of 1917–1923 in many of the nations involved. Unresolved rivalries at the end of the conflict contributed to the start of the Second World War twenty-one years later.
Adolf Hitler's Nazi Party receives 43.9% at the Reichstag elections, which allows the Nazis to later pass the Enabling Act and establish a dictatorship. Adolf Hitler was a German politician, demagogue, and Pan-German revolutionary, who was the leader of the Nazi Party, Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945 and Führer ("Leader") of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945. As dictator, Hitler initiated World War II in Europe with the invasion of Poland in September 1939, and was central to the Holocaust. Adolf Hitler's Nazi Party receives 43.9% at the Reichstag elections, which allows the Nazis to later pass the Enabling Act and establish a dictatorship. Adolf Hitler was a German politician, demagogue, and Pan-German revolutionary, who was the leader of the Nazi Party, Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945 and Führer ("Leader") of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945. As dictator, Hitler initiated World War II in Europe with the invasion of Poland in September 1939, and was central to the Holocaust.
Adolf Hitler violently purged members of the Sturmabteilung (SA), its leader Ernst Röhm, and other political rivals in the Night of the Long Knives, executing at least 85 people. Adolf Hitler was a German politician, demagogue, and Pan-German revolutionary, who was the leader of the Nazi Party, Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945 and Führer ("Leader") of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945. As dictator, Hitler initiated World War II in Europe with the invasion of Poland in September 1939, and was central to the Holocaust. Adolf Hitler violently purged members of the Sturmabteilung (SA), its leader Ernst Röhm, and other political rivals in the Night of the Long Knives, executing at least 85 people. Adolf Hitler was a German politician, demagogue, and Pan-German revolutionary, who was the leader of the Nazi Party, Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945 and Führer ("Leader") of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945. As dictator, Hitler initiated World War II in Europe with the invasion of Poland in September 1939, and was central to the Holocaust.
Adolf Hitler ordered the German air force Luftwaffe reinstated, violating the Treaty of Versailles signed at the end of the First World War. Adolf Hitler was a German politician, demagogue, and Pan-German revolutionary, who was the leader of the Nazi Party, Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945 and Führer ("Leader") of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945. As dictator, Hitler initiated World War II in Europe with the invasion of Poland in September 1939, and was central to the Holocaust. Adolf Hitler ordered the German air force Luftwaffe reinstated, violating the Treaty of Versailles signed at the end of the First World War. Adolf Hitler was a German politician, demagogue, and Pan-German revolutionary, who was the leader of the Nazi Party, Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945 and Führer ("Leader") of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945. As dictator, Hitler initiated World War II in Europe with the invasion of Poland in September 1939, and was central to the Holocaust.
The Duke and Duchess of York are crowned as King George VI and Queen Elizabeth of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in Westminster Abbey. George VI was King of the United Kingdom and the Dominions of the British Commonwealth from 11 December 1936 until his death in 1952. He was the last Emperor of India and the first Head of the Commonwealth. The Duke and Duchess of York are crowned as King George VI and Queen Elizabeth of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in Westminster Abbey. George VI was King of the United Kingdom and the Dominions of the British Commonwealth from 11 December 1936 until his death in 1952. He was the last Emperor of India and the first Head of the Commonwealth.
Adolf Hitler institutes the Cross of Honour of the German Mother. Adolf Hitler was a German politician, demagogue, and Pan-German revolutionary, who was the leader of the Nazi Party, Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945 and Führer ("Leader") of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945. As dictator, Hitler initiated World War II in Europe with the invasion of Poland in September 1939, and was central to the Holocaust. Adolf Hitler institutes the Cross of Honour of the German Mother. Adolf Hitler was a German politician, demagogue, and Pan-German revolutionary, who was the leader of the Nazi Party, Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945 and Führer ("Leader") of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945. As dictator, Hitler initiated World War II in Europe with the invasion of Poland in September 1939, and was central to the Holocaust.
Second World War: The Luftwaffe victory over the Royal Air Force in the Battle of the Heligoland Bight greatly influenced both sides' future air strategy. World War II, also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although conflicts reflecting the ideological clash between what would become the Allied and Axis blocs began earlier. The vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—eventually formed two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. It was the most global war in history; it directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. In a state of total war, the major participants threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. World War II was the deadliest conflict in human history, marked by 50 to 85 million fatalities, most of whom were civilians in the Soviet Union and China. It included massacres, the genocide of the Holocaust, strategic bombing, premeditated death from starvation and disease and the only use of nuclear weapons in war. Second World War: The Luftwaffe victory over the Royal Air Force in the Battle of the Heligoland Bight greatly influenced both sides' future air strategy. World War II, also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although conflicts reflecting the ideological clash between what would become the Allied and Axis blocs began earlier. The vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—eventually formed two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. It was the most global war in history; it directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. In a state of total war, the major participants threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. World War II was the deadliest conflict in human history, marked by 50 to 85 million fatalities, most of whom were civilians in the Soviet Union and China. It included massacres, the genocide of the Holocaust, strategic bombing, premeditated death from starvation and disease and the only use of nuclear weapons in war.
World War II: France is forced to sign the Second Compiègne armistice with Germany, in the same railroad car in which the Germans signed the Armistice in 1918. World War II, also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although conflicts reflecting the ideological clash between what would become the Allied and Axis blocs began earlier. The vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—eventually formed two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. It was the most global war in history; it directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. In a state of total war, the major participants threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. World War II was the deadliest conflict in human history, marked by 50 to 85 million fatalities, most of whom were civilians in the Soviet Union and China. It included massacres, the genocide of the Holocaust, strategic bombing, premeditated death from starvation and disease and the only use of nuclear weapons in war. World War II: France is forced to sign the Second Compiègne armistice with Germany, in the same railroad car in which the Germans signed the Armistice in 1918. World War II, also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although conflicts reflecting the ideological clash between what would become the Allied and Axis blocs began earlier. The vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—eventually formed two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. It was the most global war in history; it directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. In a state of total war, the major participants threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. World War II was the deadliest conflict in human history, marked by 50 to 85 million fatalities, most of whom were civilians in the Soviet Union and China. It included massacres, the genocide of the Holocaust, strategic bombing, premeditated death from starvation and disease and the only use of nuclear weapons in war.
Adolf Hitler ordered the suspension of the T4 euthanasia program of the mentally ill and disabled, although killings continued in secret for the remainder of the war. Adolf Hitler was a German politician, demagogue, and Pan-German revolutionary, who was the leader of the Nazi Party, Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945 and Führer ("Leader") of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945. As dictator, Hitler initiated World War II in Europe with the invasion of Poland in September 1939, and was central to the Holocaust. Adolf Hitler ordered the suspension of the T4 euthanasia program of the mentally ill and disabled, although killings continued in secret for the remainder of the war. Adolf Hitler was a German politician, demagogue, and Pan-German revolutionary, who was the leader of the Nazi Party, Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945 and Führer ("Leader") of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945. As dictator, Hitler initiated World War II in Europe with the invasion of Poland in September 1939, and was central to the Holocaust.
World War II: Bombers from the United States aircraft carrier Saratoga sank the Japanese carrier Ryūjō near Santa Isabel, Solomon Islands, helping to lead to an Allied victory. World War II, also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although conflicts reflecting the ideological clash between what would become the Allied and Axis blocs began earlier. The vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—eventually formed two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. It was the most global war in history; it directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. In a state of total war, the major participants threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. World War II was the deadliest conflict in human history, marked by 50 to 85 million fatalities, most of whom were civilians in the Soviet Union and China. It included massacres, the genocide of the Holocaust, strategic bombing, premeditated death from starvation and disease and the only use of nuclear weapons in war. World War II: Bombers from the United States aircraft carrier Saratoga sank the Japanese carrier Ryūjō near Santa Isabel, Solomon Islands, helping to lead to an Allied victory. World War II, also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although conflicts reflecting the ideological clash between what would become the Allied and Axis blocs began earlier. The vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—eventually formed two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. It was the most global war in history; it directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. In a state of total war, the major participants threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. World War II was the deadliest conflict in human history, marked by 50 to 85 million fatalities, most of whom were civilians in the Soviet Union and China. It included massacres, the genocide of the Holocaust, strategic bombing, premeditated death from starvation and disease and the only use of nuclear weapons in war.
World War II: The Motor Torpedo Boat PT-109 is rammed by the Japanese destroyer Amagiri and sinks. Lt. John F. Kennedy, future U.S. President, saves all but two of his crew. World War II, also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although conflicts reflecting the ideological clash between what would become the Allied and Axis blocs began earlier. The vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—eventually formed two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. It was the most global war in history; it directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. In a state of total war, the major participants threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. World War II was the deadliest conflict in human history, marked by 50 to 85 million fatalities, most of whom were civilians in the Soviet Union and China. It included massacres, the genocide of the Holocaust, strategic bombing, premeditated death from starvation and disease and the only use of nuclear weapons in war. World War II: The Motor Torpedo Boat PT-109 is rammed by the Japanese destroyer Amagiri and sinks. Lt. John F. Kennedy, future U.S. President, saves all but two of his crew. World War II, also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although conflicts reflecting the ideological clash between what would become the Allied and Axis blocs began earlier. The vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—eventually formed two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. It was the most global war in history; it directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. In a state of total war, the major participants threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. World War II was the deadliest conflict in human history, marked by 50 to 85 million fatalities, most of whom were civilians in the Soviet Union and China. It included massacres, the genocide of the Holocaust, strategic bombing, premeditated death from starvation and disease and the only use of nuclear weapons in war.
Second World War: During the Battle of Villers-Bocage, German tank commander Michael Wittmann destroyed around 30 Allied vehicles in less than 15 minutes. World War II, also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although conflicts reflecting the ideological clash between what would become the Allied and Axis blocs began earlier. The vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—eventually formed two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. It was the most global war in history; it directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. In a state of total war, the major participants threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. World War II was the deadliest conflict in human history, marked by 50 to 85 million fatalities, most of whom were civilians in the Soviet Union and China. It included massacres, the genocide of the Holocaust, strategic bombing, premeditated death from starvation and disease and the only use of nuclear weapons in war. Second World War: During the Battle of Villers-Bocage, German tank commander Michael Wittmann destroyed around 30 Allied vehicles in less than 15 minutes. World War II, also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although conflicts reflecting the ideological clash between what would become the Allied and Axis blocs began earlier. The vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—eventually formed two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. It was the most global war in history; it directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. In a state of total war, the major participants threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. World War II was the deadliest conflict in human history, marked by 50 to 85 million fatalities, most of whom were civilians in the Soviet Union and China. It included massacres, the genocide of the Holocaust, strategic bombing, premeditated death from starvation and disease and the only use of nuclear weapons in war.
World War II: Adolf Hitler issues his "Nero Decree" ordering all industries, military installations, shops, transportation facilities and communications facilities in Germany to be destroyed. Adolf Hitler was a German politician, demagogue, and Pan-German revolutionary, who was the leader of the Nazi Party, Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945 and Führer ("Leader") of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945. As dictator, Hitler initiated World War II in Europe with the invasion of Poland in September 1939, and was central to the Holocaust. World War II: Adolf Hitler issues his "Nero Decree" ordering all industries, military installations, shops, transportation facilities and communications facilities in Germany to be destroyed. Adolf Hitler was a German politician, demagogue, and Pan-German revolutionary, who was the leader of the Nazi Party, Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945 and Führer ("Leader") of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945. As dictator, Hitler initiated World War II in Europe with the invasion of Poland in September 1939, and was central to the Holocaust.
Donald Trump, American businessman, television personality and 45th President of the United States Donald John Trump is the 45th and current President of the United States. Before entering politics, he was a businessman and television personality. Donald Trump, American businessman, television personality and 45th President of the United States Donald John Trump is the 45th and current President of the United States. Before entering politics, he was a businessman and television personality.
Jesus Castro was 54 years old when India gains Independence from British rule after near 190 years of Crown rule and joins the Commonwealth of Nations. India, also called the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast. It shares land borders with Pakistan to the west; China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the northeast; and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives. India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia. India gains Independence from British rule after near 190 years of Crown rule and joins the Commonwealth of Nations. India, also called the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast. It shares land borders with Pakistan to the west; China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the northeast; and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives. India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia.
Charles, Prince of Wales Charles, Prince of Wales is the heir apparent to the British throne as the eldest child of Queen Elizabeth II. He has been Duke of Cornwall and Duke of Rothesay since 1952, and is the oldest and longest-serving heir apparent in British history. He is also the longest-serving Prince of Wales, having held that title since 1958. Charles, Prince of Wales Charles, Prince of Wales is the heir apparent to the British throne as the eldest child of Queen Elizabeth II. He has been Duke of Cornwall and Duke of Rothesay since 1952, and is the oldest and longest-serving heir apparent in British history. He is also the longest-serving Prince of Wales, having held that title since 1958.
The British government, under Winston Churchill, abolishes identity cards in the UK to "set the people free". Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill was a British politician, army officer, and writer, who was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1940 to 1945 and again from 1951 to 1955. As Prime Minister, Churchill led Britain to victory in the Second World War. Churchill represented five constituencies during his career as Member of Parliament (MP). Ideologically an economic liberal and British imperialist, he began and ended his parliamentary career as a member of the Conservative Party, which he led from 1940 to 1955, but for twenty years from 1904 he was a prominent member of the Liberal Party. The British government, under Winston Churchill, abolishes identity cards in the UK to "set the people free". Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill was a British politician, army officer, and writer, who was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1940 to 1945 and again from 1951 to 1955. As Prime Minister, Churchill led Britain to victory in the Second World War. Churchill represented five constituencies during his career as Member of Parliament (MP). Ideologically an economic liberal and British imperialist, he began and ended his parliamentary career as a member of the Conservative Party, which he led from 1940 to 1955, but for twenty years from 1904 he was a prominent member of the Liberal Party.
Jesus Castro died in 1953
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The Great Believers (Hardcover)
By Rebecca Makkai
FINALIST FOR THE PULITZER PRIZE IN FICTION
WINNER OF THE ANDREW CARNEGIE MEDAL
WINNER OF THE LOS ANGELES TIMES BOOK PRIZE FOR FICTION
WINNER OF THE STONEWALL BOOK AWARD
SHORTLISTED FOR THE NATIONAL BOOK AWARD
Soon to Be a Major Television Event, optioned by Amy Poehler
“A page turner . . . An absorbing and emotionally riveting story about what it’s like to live during times of crisis.” —The New York Times Book Review
A dazzling novel of friendship and redemption in the face of tragedy and loss set in 1980s Chicago and contemporary Paris
In 1985, Yale Tishman, the development director for an art gallery in Chicago, is about to pull off an amazing coup, bringing in an extraordinary collection of 1920s paintings as a gift to the gallery. Yet as his career begins to flourish, the carnage of the AIDS epidemic grows around him. One by one, his friends are dying and after his friend Nico’s funeral, the virus circles closer and closer to Yale himself. Soon the only person he has left is Fiona, Nico’s little sister.
Thirty years later, Fiona is in Paris tracking down her estranged daughter who disappeared into a cult. While staying with an old friend, a famous photographer who documented the Chicago crisis, she finds herself finally grappling with the devastating ways AIDS affected her life and her relationship with her daughter. The two intertwining stories take us through the heartbreak of the eighties and the chaos of the modern world, as both Yale and Fiona struggle to find goodness in the midst of disaster.
The Great Believers has become a critically acclaimed, indelible piece of literature; it was selected as one of the New York Times 10 Best Books of the Year, a Washington Post Notable Book, a Buzzfeed Book of the Year, a Skimm Reads pick, and a pick for the New York Public Library’s Best Books of the year.
Rebecca Makkai is the author of The Borrower, The Hundred-Year House, which won the Novel of the Year Award from the Chicago Writers Association, and Music for Wartime. Her work has appeared in The Best American Short Stories, Harper's, and Tin House, among others. She lives outside Chicago with her husband and two daughters.
"Rebecca Makkai’s The Great Believers is a page turner... among the first novels to chronicle the AIDS epidemic from its initial outbreak to the present—among the first to convey the terrors and tragedies of the epidemic’s early years as well as its course and repercussions...An absorbing and emotionally riveting story about what it’s like to live during times of crisis."—The New York Times Book Review
“Makkai knits themes of loss, betrayal, friendship and survival into a powerful story of people struggling to keep their humanity in dire circumstances.”—People Magazine
“Cultural revolutions of the past painfully reverberate in Rebecca Makkai’s deft third novel, The Great Believers, which captures both the devastation of the AIDS crisis in 1980s Chicago and the emotional aftershocks of those losses.”—Vogue
"A striking, emotional journey... Makkai creates a powerful, unforgettable meditation, not on death, but rather on the power and gift of life. This novel will undoubtedly touch the hearts and minds of readers.”—Publishers Weekly (starred review)
“Tearjerker… The Great Believers asks big questions about redemption, tragedy, and connection. Makkai has written her most ambitious novel yet.”—Entertainment Weekly
“The Great Believers soars…magnificent…Makkai has full command of her multi-generational perspective, and by its end, The Great Believers offers a grand fusion of the past and the present, the public and the personal. It’s remarkably alive despite all the loss it encompasses.”—Chicago Tribune
"Beautiful, tender, harrowing... [The Great Believers] is a vivid, passionate, heart-wrenching story."—Wall Street Journal
“Compulsively readable…a relentless engine mowing back and forth across decades, zooming in on subtlest physical and emotional nuances of dozens of characters, missing no chance to remind us what’s at stake.”—San Francisco Chronicle
“At turns heartbreaking and hopeful, the novel brings the first years of the AIDS epidemic into very immediate view, in a manner that will seem nostalgic to some and revelatory to others…Makkai's sweeping fourth novel shows the compassion of chosen families and the tension and distance that can exist in our birth ones.”—Library Journal
"Sure to become a classic Chicago novel…a deft, harrowing novel that’s as beautiful as its cover.” —Chicago Review of Books
“The latest novel from the stunningly versatile Makkai…Focused on a group of friends, lovers, and family outcasts, the book highlights the way tragic illness shifts the courses of people’s lives—and how its touch forever lingers on those left behind.”—Harper’s Bazaar
“A devastating contemplation of love and loss…evokes the epidemic's horrors, yes, but also the profound acts of generosity it sparked.”—Oprah.com, “O’s Top Books of Summer”
“Deeply moving…Makkai does an excellent job of capturing the jaded, ironic and affectionately jibing small talk of a group of cultured gay friends in the Reagan era…[Captures] a group of friends in a particular time and place with humor and compassion. Conversations among her gay male characters feel very real — not too flamboyant, not too serious, always morbidly witty. It's hard not to get drawn into this circle of promising young men as they face their brutally premature extinction.”—Newsday
“Two distinct narratives intertwine ingeniously…The stories meet up to heartbreaking effect.”—New York Magazine
“A poignant, historical journey through a virus’s outbreak and legacy.”—Conde Nast Traveler
“This book will be compared to similar mammoth works of fiction, but Makkai differs in that she seems to care about her characters and her readers… each character – main or secondary – is fully developed, and it is hard not to care for them. The pain and prejudice they suffer becomes personal as their lives are carefully told… A forceful work of fiction that will captivate readers.”—Baltimore Outloud
“Rebecca Makkai’s beautiful (literally—look at that cover!) novel takes us to an art gallery in Chicago at the height of the AIDS crisis. From Chicago to Paris, THE GREAT BELIEVERS is a sweeping story of multi-generational trauma and the solitude that the AIDS epidemic created, as an entire generation was decimated by the virus.”—Fodor’s Travel
“Powerfully emotional.”—St. Louis Post-Dispatch
“Makkai is very good at conjuring a gay community enacting the usual dramas of love and lust and ambition and jealousy in a world where all the usual dramas suddenly can carry a fatal charge.”—Minneapolis Star Tribune
"With its broad time span and bedrock of ferocious, loving friendships, [The Great Believers] might remind readers of Hanya Yanagihara’s A Little Life…though it is, overall, far brighter than that novel. As her intimately portrayed characters wrestle with painful pasts and fight to love one another and find joy in the present in spite of what is to come, Makkai carefully reconstructs 1980s Chicago, WWI-era and present day Paris, and scenes of the early days of the AIDS epidemic. A tribute to the enduring forces of love and art, over everything."—Booklist (starred review)
“Layered, satisfying… Makkai’s novel about resilience and hope is sure to win readers over.”—Publishers Weekly, "Summer Reads 2018, Fiction"
“To believe in something is to have faith, and Makkai dispenses it fiercely, in defiance of understandable nihilism and despair—faith in what’s right, in the good in others, in better outcomes, in time’s ability not to heal but to make something new.”—National Book Review
“Another ambitious change of pace for the versatile and accomplished [Rebecca] Makkai… her rich portraits of an array of big personalities and her affecting depiction of random, horrific death faced with varying degrees of gallantry make this tender, keening novel an impressive act of imaginative empathy. As compulsively readable as it is thoughtful and moving: an unbeatable fictional combination.”—Kirkus Reviews (starred review)
“Stirring, spellbinding and full of life.”—Téa Obreht, New York Times bestselling author of The Tiger’s Wife
"This expansive, huge-hearted novel conveys the scale of the trauma that was the early AIDS crisis, and conveys, too, the scale of the anger and love that rose up to meet it. Rebecca Makkai shows us characters who are devastated but not defeated, who remain devoted, in the face of death, to friendship and desire and joyful, irrepressible life. I loved this book.”—Garth Greenwell, author of What Belongs to You
"Makkai has created a moving story about Chicago and Paris, the past and present, the young men lost to AIDS and the ones who survived. And just as her novel evokes art’s power to commemorate the departed, The Great Believers is itself a poignant work of memory."—Viet Thanh Nguyen, Pulitzer-prize winning author of The Sympathizer
“The Great Believers is by turns funny, harrowing, tender, devastating, and always hugely suspenseful. It reminds us, poignantly, of how many people, mostly young, often brilliant, were lost to the AIDS epidemic, and of how those who survived were marked by that struggle. This is Rebecca Makkai at the height of her powers.”—Margot Livesey, New York Times bestselling author of Mercury
"In the remarkable The Great Believers, Rebecca Makkai conjures up a time as startling as a dream and, in its extremity, achingly familiar to us now, close enough to hold. A tender, sly, immersive, irreverent, life force of a book."—Paul Lisicky, author of The Narrow Door: A Memoir of Friendship
"The Great Believers kept me up reading late into the night, and I'd wake up thinking about Makkai's vibrant, complex, and deeply human characters. This is an immersive, heartbreaking novel—I loved it."—Maggie Shipstead, author of Astonish Me
“Rebecca Makkai's novel The Great Believers has stolen my heart. Crossing decades and lives, love and loss, art, and the long lasting legacy of AIDS, the novel is a brilliant triumph of empathy and intimacy between friends.”—Lidia Yuknavitch, author of The Small Backs of Children
"Time is a healer and a heartbreaker in Makkai’s brilliant and beautiful novel. The Great Believers kept me hoping and guessing, heart in hand, until the very last page."—Carol Rifka Brunt, author of Tell the Wolves I'm Home
“The Great Believers is a sprawling, wildly ambitious novel. Rebecca Makkai brings to life a large cast of characters, and weaves together the threads of her storyline with the ease and authority of a skilled magician. But in the end, what makes this novel such a rousing success is the emotional truthfulness of her characters and the way she captures the panic and rage of the period. I came to feel I knew these people, and was moved by the dilemmas and difficult choices they had to face.”—Stephen McCauley, author of My Ex-Life
"The Great Believers is a magnificent novel—well imagined, intricately plotted, and deeply felt, both humane and human. It unfurls like a peony: you keep thinking it can’t get any more perfect, and it does. A stunning feat."—Rabih Alameddine, author of The Angel of History and Koolaids: The Art of War
Publisher: Viking
Fiction / Coming of Age
Paperback (June 4th, 2019): $16.00
Library Binding, Large Print (January 9th, 2019): $31.99
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Students encouraged to discover entrepreneurial spark with What’s the Big Idea!?
Posted by Sukie Grewall Bridge 2 Business · Programmes
Published: Tuesday, 15th November 2016, 12:25am
New College Lanarkshire has launched a programme to encourage students to consider starting up their own businesses.
The 'What's the Big Idea!?' initiative was introduced recently at our Coatbridge Campus.
The launch event featured presentations from Bridge 2 Business, The Prince's Trust, Business Gateway, Scottish Institute for Enterprise and the College's Learner Engagement team on the wide range of help available to students.
A talk from Scottish entrepreneur David Kellock, whose Trtl travel pillow was featured on BBC Two series Dragons' Den, opened the event.
He told more than 100 students in attendance that his catalyst for starting up a business came about by chance.
The engineering graduate said that it was an unexpected visit from Kwik-Fit tycoon Sir Tom Farmer to his class at the University of Strathclyde that encouraged David and classmate Michael Corrigan to brainstorm ideas for a business.
Their Trtl company has now grown from selling 120 prototypes over six days at an Edinburgh Christmas market in 2012 to selling 500 a day and employing a team of seven people.
He encouraged students to think about starting a business in a niche that they are passionate about, and to create a great company culture.
Afterwards, he chatted with NC Social Sciences student Natalie McCready, 19, from Coltness, Wishaw, who has set up her own company, Natalie's Glitter Glasses, with help from Bridge 2 Business.
Students also heard from the College's Learner Engagement team, who told students about the opportunities available through the Wee Shop initiative, in which students can make use of vintage-inspired wooden market carts to sell goods or promote their business.
The team will support students through mentoring and a small start-up fund to be used on marketing and stock.
Learner Engagement Officer Ross Brand said: "An opportunity such as this may simply be as a hobby, or it could be something with a bit more purpose.
"There are a number of essential skills that can be developed by being involved in enterprise activities, which can in turn enhance future career prospects."
Stuart Matson, Community Programmes Manager for New College Lanarkshire, said: "The event was a great opportunity to showcase the agencies and services they offer, in terms of guidance, support and funding to those who may have an idea about starting their own business.
"All partners wanted to highlight to students that business ideas could be large or small.
"I'd encourage all students to think about submitting an idea, which, if they want to take forward, can be discussed with and supported by the appropriate partners."
Students have until Friday, December 9 to submit a business idea, either by filling out a hard copy of the What's the Big Idea!? entry form or by completing an online entry at: www.surveymonkey.co.uk/r/bigidea2016
All students who submit a short business proposal will be entered into a prize draw to win a Fitbit.
As part of Global Enterprise Week, there will be an Enterprise Roadshow with representatives from Bridge 2 Business, Scottish Institute for Enterprise, the Prince's Trust, RBS Business and Worldpay at the College's Motherwell Campus on Tuesday, November 15.
Sukie Grewall, Enterprise Executive at Young Enterprise Scotland, offers advice to students through the Bridge 2 Business programme that has been based within the Motherwell Campus for more than two years.
She said: "We have had the opportunity to work alongside many students across all campuses on business start-ups, business plans, referrals and general advice.
"Being involved in 'What's the Big Idea!?' has been a fantastic opportunity to showcase and engage with students and lecturers about the great work we do and what impact we are making in the Lanarkshire region.
"It's about educating students that advice and support is available if you are looking to start up your business or looking for funding resources."
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Cansdale steps down, gets new post
By Stephen T. Watson|Published Tue, Sep 25, 2012
William G. Cansdale Jr. resigned Monday night as Lancaster's mayor to accept an appointment as the village's superintendent of public works.
Cansdale, who will earn $70,000 per year in the full-time post, earned the highest score among the candidates who took the civil service exam to fill the vacant position, according to paperwork from the Erie County Personnel Department provided to The Buffalo News.
Cansdale had served as the village's part-time mayor since 1993 and earned $12,900 annually, plus $5,900 for serving as budget director.
He said Monday that the superintendent's position was an unexpected opportunity that allows him to continue working for Lancaster's residents.
"I have loved serving this community for the past 20 years. There hasn't been a day that went by that I took this for granted or didn't appreciate the trust that the community placed in me," Cansdale said before receiving a standing ovation from the audience at Monday's Village Board meeting.
Cansdale replaces retired DPW Superintendent Richard C. Bulman.
The trustees appointed Deputy Mayor Paul M. Maute to fill the remainder of Cansdale's mayoral term, which runs through March. They now must decide whether to appoint someone to fill the vacant trustee's position on the Village Board or wait for it to be filled in the March election.
Cansdale, 55, said he is retiring after 35 years from his job as fleet area supervisor for New York State Electric & Gas, giving him the time to take on the full-time duties of leading the village's 25-member Department of Public Works.
His appointment is effective Oct. 1, though Cansdale told The News he likely will work part time for the DPW for one month while he wraps up projects for NYSEG.
The appointment was not on the printed agenda for Monday's board meeting. Cansdale said afterward that the resolution wasn't added to the agenda ahead of time because trustees and village officials were working out the legal issues up until the last minute.
Cansdale first won election to a Village Board seat in 1991. A longtime registered Democrat, he switched to the Republican Party in 2003 and unsuccessfully ran for Lancaster town supervisor against incumbent Robert H. Giza.
During his long tenure as mayor, the village merged its police department with the Town of Lancaster's police force, downsized the Village Board from seven to five members and tackled issues ranging from flooding to rats.
"You've been a great leader," said Maute, who joined fellow trustees Edward M. Marki, William C. Schroeder and Kenneth L. O'Brien III in praising Cansdale's dedicated service to the village.
email: swatson@buffnews.com
Stephen T. Watson – Stephen T. Watson reports on development, real estate and business in the towns of Amherst and Clarence, along with development, government and school districts throughout the Northtowns. A native of the Town of Tonawanda, he worked at the Post-Standard newspaper in Syracuse before starting at The Buffalo News in 2001.
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Category: Japanese Films
Departures (2008): A Masterpiece About Healing and What We Learn From the Dead
April 21, 2015 April 21, 2015 cameronmoviesandtvLeave a comment
This is my second time seeing “Departures” and I must say, it is just as amazing the second time around. Back when I was an undergrad in College I was part of a Japanese Program where we studied Japanese media, history, language and culture. One of the films that we had got to study was this film and back when I saw it it quickly became a favorite film.
The reasons it is a favorite are numerous and I’ll go into detail in the assessment but for the major things it gets right is the soundtrack, the cinematography, the complex characters and the theme. It’s truly a masterpiece that pulls you in.
The film was directed by Yōjirō Takita, written by Kundo Kayama and produced by Toshiaki Nakazawa.
The story is about Daigo Kobayashi (Masahiro Motoki) who loses his job as a cellist when the orchestra he is a part of dissolves and decides to move back to his hometown of Yamagata with his wife Mika (Ryoko Hirosue). When he follows up from an add in the paper he finds himself in a job in which he prepares the dead for cremation and their funerals. Resistant at first he eventually comes around but finds that the job has alienated him from those around him and he must deal with his own hurt as his preparing the bodies of the dead has helped families deal with the loss of their loved ones.
The Pros: The Cinematography – Takeshi Hamada does a wonderful job with the cinematography on this film. Whether it’s the opening shot of a car driving through the snow filled fog, the burials and how they capture the pain and relationship the living have to the deceased or the alienation that Mika and Daigo at times feel from the world around them and each other. There is nothing but beautifully shot scenes in this film.
The Soundtrack – Joe Hisaishi was the perfect composer for this film. The use of strings and piano capture the themes of memories and loss that every character feels in this film and the theme song “Okuribito” is now a favorite.
The Characters – There aren’t any 2 Dimensional characters in this film. Everyone has motivations for doing what they do and no one is really a bad person. We see how complicated character relationships are through the choices characters make and also the regret the living feel based on how they treated the now deceased.
Yuriko – Yuriko is the secretary of the encoffining business and has a rich story. She is comfortable with working with the dead and has a lot of respect for the Boss as he hired her after the owner of the bar she worked for died. Her story is also tragic too as she abandoned her child for a man who wasn’t any good and now regrets it but fears going back to see her son, ashamed of how he might see her. For this reason she asks Daigo to see his father one last time when she learns his father died alone as she fears the same thing as well, even with the Boss and Daigo as her adopted family. Kimiko Yo gives a lot of depth to this role and her character might be my favorite out of all of them.
The Boss – The boss has another name but I’m going to refer as the Boss. Tsutomo Yamazaki does a great job in this role as the eccentric encoffiner. He lost his wife and prepared her body for cremation which got him into the business in the first place. He has a very honest approach to death and accepts that everyone dies at some point. This doesn’t stop him from being extremely respectful to everyone around him and having a certain interpersonal awareness contrasted with how unaware he can sometimes be. His final scene is giving Daigo the car so that he and Mika can go visit Daigo’s father’s body to see him for the last time. He’s very much the father Daigo never had.
Mika – Ryoko Hirosue plays a rich character who has an astonishing ability to grow and adapt. She leaves Tokyo to return to Daigo’s hometown even though she’s always wanted to travel and she eventually accepts Daigo’s job once she sees how much respect is given to the dead and how important his role is in helping families heal and move on. She also stands up for herself too and voices how difficult the move was and tries to change Daigo’s mind about his job twice before she finally sees what is it is like. It is also her action that makes Daigo realize he should see his father. She is one of the most mature characters in the film and Hirosue owns the role.
Daigo – Daigo holds a lot of pain inside of himself but is also very much a child still. We see this in his moments of joy with Mika and his full embracing of his job as an encoffiner when he finds he is good at it and what he is able to give the families in honoring those who have passed. His arc is forgiving his father and moving on from the world he left behind when the orchestra was dissolved. He still holds onto his music though and uses it to express his melancholy memories and what he’s shared. In the end preparing his father for cremation and remembering his face allows him to forgive his father for abandoning him and his mother. Masahiro Motoki is wonderful in this role.
The Departures – Every departure is powerful, from the first moment where he has to help move the body of an old lady who has been rotting, to every suicide victim he cares for, every child he buries and every old person leading up to his father. Each reveals an aspect of humanity from our cruelty to our love, which is why I’m giving the powerful departures their own section since they made that much of an impression on me and were fantastically done scenes.
The Transgender Women – One of the departures is of a transgender woman who cared herself because her family never accepted her becoming a woman. It’s a powerful scene and we see the Boss’s and Daigo’s respect for her that carries over to the family when they give her woman’s makeup and finally honor the person she was the entire time. It is this that makes the father realize just how horrible he was and get him to the point of accepting that he always loved his son and regrets his actions.
The Bath House – The bath house is a place that Daigo goes to and is friends with the couple who owns it and their son who went to school with him. When the mother dies it makes Mika realize how important the uncoffiner job is and that Daigo is doing important work for healing and where the son finally accepts that his mother is dead and how he never respected her wishes in regards to the bath house and her husband who believes he’ll see her again and we see that he is the gatekeeper at the crematorium. The scenes with him are the most powerful as he recounts their last days where they celebrated their anniversary with a party and how she had him heat the bath house before she passed which gave him time to deal with the loss when he returned.
Daigo’s Father – Daigo’s father died alone and it is realizing the sad life that his father lead that motivates Daigo to not be that. He forgives his father and the stone he gave to his wife when he shared the stone his father shared they press to their son as a reminder that their son will not be alone as Daigo was. It is a powerful scene and completes Daigo’s arc as a character showing he no longer holds the resentment and hate for his father.
The Themes – Everyone dies, but that doesn’t stop us from living or change how their lives shaped us and can shape us. We see this in the Boss reminding Daigo to eat since it is the only way he will keep on living and we see how the lives touched the living and changed the living in every scene of departure. Whether it was the City Council Member mourning his mother or the Father truly accepting the loss of his Transgender daughter. All of them feel the loss and realize how they hurt the person through their actions and how important that person was to their life, changing them in the process.
The Message – The message is that the dead can’t do anything to hurt you and holding onto resentment only hurts you. This message of forgiveness is throughout the entire film and comes to a final conclusion when Daigo gives his father’s body respect and from it is finally able to remember his one happy memory he shared with his father and realizes he misses the life they never got to share…and in this knows healing.
The Cons: Pacing – At times the film is a bit too slow, this helps if you have other things to do but it makes watching the film all at once difficult at times. It is a meditative film so if you go in expecting it to feel long, you will be fine. I hadn’t seen it for years so I’d forgotten how long it felt inbetween the moments of high drama and character and for this reason it was a con for me.
This film is a classic and highly deserves all the awards it has one. It reveals what death teaches us about ourselves and that the dead are always with us and from that we can heal and grow or we can remain in denial over what we went through with those people when they were alive with us. I really love how at peace this film is with death and that it doesn’t have one dimensional characters. All of them are so richly written and the music, cinematography and amazing acting make this a film that is truly unforgettable and one of the best I have ever seen.
We’ve all dealt with death and lost people who are close to us or touched us in some way. For me seeing this film reminded me again of all the friends and family I’ve lost and how those individuals touched my life and helped me grow in different ways. I carry them in my memory and heart each day I live is another day to remember them and how much they meant to me and to so many others. The dead are a part of us and we carry them with us in how we live our lives.
Foreign Film Week
April 20, 2015 cameronmoviesandtvLeave a comment
This week we kick off “Foreign Film Week.” When I was looking for requests on facebook for this week it was for films that are not in English. Beyond that I wanted to choose a movie from each country that had it’s own language and was a drama of some sort.
To this end the films that I chose were “Departures” from Japan, “The Art of Fighting” from South Korea, “Farewell my Concubine” from China, “City of God” from Brazil and “The Intouchables” from France.
Depending on my work schedule and time this may stretch into next week for some of the final reviews, but my goal is to finish as much of it before next Monday as I explore each of these films.
So let us begin, the “First Foreign Film Week.” I say the first as I plan on doing weeks like this in the future as well as they give me the chance to explore amazing cinema from around the world.
Tokyo Godfathers (2003): An Amazing Tale of Love Among the Outcasts
December 23, 2014 February 5, 2015 cameronmoviesandtvLeave a comment
“Tokyo Godfathers” is one of the two films I’ll be reviewing with a holiday theme related to love and family and the different forms those take. It’s a rich tale and I was glad it was requested. The animation style and the soundtrack are beautiful, and every single character who has dialogue is complicated on some level, making for a rich narrative as the story unfolds. The fact that one of the scriptwriter behind one of my favorite animes “Cowboy Bebop” was a part of this I think lended to the overall quality of the production. Keiko Nobumoto is one of the best anime writers out there.
The film was directed by Satoshi Con who was also the one who wrote the story and was one of the writer’s of the screenplay, the other director was Shogo Furuya and the other screenplay writer was Keiko Nobumoto.
The story revolves around three homeless people The runaway girl Miyuki, the alcoholic gambler Gin and the trans woman and former drag queen Hana. Their lives transform when they discover an abandoned baby and begin the search for it’s parents as they soon realize how connected they are to one another, the people around them and those connected to the baby. From here the story unfolds as each reveals the reason they are homeless and their scars they carry. The story itself takes place over Christmas Eve.
The Pros: The Soundtrack – The soundtrack has jazz as well as a french feel to it that give it a life and charm that simply adds to scenes, whether characters are running or bearing their hearts Keiichi Suzuki made a great soundtrack.
The Cinematography – The animation of this film is fantastic. Whether it is the details of faces or the brilliance of the landscape of a city, or the nitty gritty of the alleyways and dark sides of town, you feel like you are living in this place. Katsutoshi Sugai did an amazing job.
The Script – The script is gold. Everything we are told is minimum and only when needed, and the characters are three dimensional and their struggles are compelling. The animation could have been terrible but the script alone could have carried this movie. Only issue is narrative chopyness because of all the coincidences.
The Characters – The characters in this film are complex, and through their struggles we really get an idea of the theme, which I’ll get into later. Suffice to say, of the main cast ther was not a single character I didn’t like.
Gin – Gin is a liar, drunk and debtor and the one who finds redemption in caring for the lost baby and in his love for his lover Hana and the runaway Miyuki. We see his relationship with them grow, especially after he meets his biological daughter and she forgives him. It is then he learned how deeply he was loved and feels shame. You get the feeling after that he builds the relationship with her and he’s finally learned to value the relationships in life and himself after he nearly dies in the hospital. Toru Emori is great as the grizzled man who has stopped believing in himself or anything and learns to care and love again.
Miyuki – Miyuki takes the approach of someone who doesn’t care about anything. We soon see she does care though when she goes from not caring about the baby to reading books on how to care for it. The next step for her is when she opens up about hurting her father and finds acceptance and love from Hana and Gin. This leads to her later being in the place where after they save the baby, she can finally accept love from her father. Aya Okamoto does a wonderful job in the role.
Hana – Yoshiaki Umegaki plays my favorite character in the film. She is a trans woman who left her drag bar after she attacks a man for insulting her. She later finds out her adopted mother accepts her though and saw the incident as small and is just happy she is alive. Given how fatalistic Hana is this is just what she needs to stand up to Gin and tell him the truth which leads to their relationship and love. She is the mother of the group and takes care of the baby that was left in the dumpster, that they later make their mission to get back to the parents. She is a hero but can be cruel and feel strongly about everything. This makes her compelling and her arc is learning that her life is worth living and that she doesn’t have to leave the ones she cares about behind, because they want her in their life.
The Message – The biggest message is that you are loved and that there are those who care about you. We see this when Hana visits her foster mom and her foster mom forgives her for attacking the client who had insulted her and tells her it was no big deal, in the moment when Gin’s daughter forgives him for being away and said that she just wanted to be with him again…and at the end when Miyuki’s father sees her and there is only acceptance and surprise there…as well as what all of them do to save the baby and get the baby back to it’s parents. The theme of love is strong and that we get trapped in thinking far less of ourselves than the ones who love us do and that they are there to support us if we just reach out. I loved this message as it showed hope and that as long as you are connected to others, you will find the help you need to heal.
We also see the message of acceptance and love as Hana is never discriminated against for being a drag queen or trans and that Gin in facts loves her and she loves him. For Miyuki it was never an issue, they were the parents she chose when she lived on the street and she loves them both deeply.
The Ending – The message of acceptance and love is there at the end when the three of them are made Godfathers by the baby’s parents and in the implied reunion of Miyuki and her father. I really liked it given all the suffering it took for our characters to get there and how much they grew. They learned how to love others and in turn accepting themselves.
The Cons: Choppy Narrative – The premise of the story was a bunch of coincidences happening all at once, and it achieves that but ends up coming off as contrived at times. In many ways it distracted from the message more as side characters appear and disappear and we are given no reason to care about them. For this reason I have to put the narrative structure as a con. Way too choppy at times.
This was a film I’d highly recommend. The story and message are timeless and powerful, we see human connections, growth and it is executed beautifully in the cinematography, writing and music.
Final Score: 9.5 / 10. Definitely a favorite film.
Rashomon (1950): Humanity on Trial
September 20, 2014 May 12, 2019 cameronmoviesandtv2 Comments
“Rashomon” was the first film I ever saw by Akira Kurosawa. It was for my Japanese History, Media and Culture class and a lot of scenes from the film still stand with me to this day, so going back and re-watching it was a lot of fun.
“Rashomon” was directed by Akira Kurosawa and he also co-wrote the screenplay with Shinobu Hashimoto. The story itself comes from two short stories written by Ryūnosuke Akutagawa, with his story “In the Grove” being the inspiration for the characters and “Rashomon” for title and characters. The film was produced by Minoru Jingo.
The story involves a woodcutter (Takashi Shamura) and priest (Minoru Chiaki) recounting a trial they attended to a commoner (Kichijiro Ueda) of a murder and rape that happened in the forest and three different versions that were shared underneath Rashomon, the city’s gate. The Woodcutter and Priest are trying to make sense of it all as the commoner provides his perspective of events in the outside world and the trial itself. From here the story unfolds.
Here is the assessment of the film:
The Pros: Cinematography – Kurosawa knows how to shoot a scene, and the same goes for this film. From the water pouring at the gate and them all escaping from it (in a way hiding from the hardships they experienced and in the world), the darkness of the forest hiding the intentions of characters and how the trial was shot, where the people are speaking directly to the camera, making us the judge. Kazuo Miyagawa did a great job on cinematography too as it was what he was in charge of.
The Music – The music is great at building tension and capturing the intimacy of the film. Fumio Hayasaka did a great job incorporating traditional Japanese instruments into the picture and using orchestra as well when it served the scene. I plan on using this soundtrack in my own writing for sure.
A Matter of Perspective – How they share each person’s story just creates more questions as in each one the character sharing it is the victim and it is someone else’s fault. Whether it is the bandit (Toshiro Mifune) blaming the wife, the wife (Machiko Kyō) blaming the bandit or the samurai (Noriko Honma) blaming them both, which is also what the woodcutter does to a degree as he tries to make everyone sympathetic in his story. Because of this the stories all clash making it impossible to know what really happened.
The Characters – Even though they aren’t always consistent, they are human and show it really well.
The Bandit – Is a thief, murder and rapist…yet gets humanized in how he genuinely falls in love with the wife and in certain versions regrets his actions. This is contrasted by the man at the trial who doesn’t care so puts on a show for the audience since he knows he’s going to die anyway so has nothing to lose. He’s a despicable and interesting character. Toshiro does a good job playing him as a character who has an element of madness to him as he is always laughing.
The Wife – The wife knows she is powerless and disposable. In most of the stories after she is raped her husband immediately says he doesn’t want her anymore. You can see how powerless she is which in a few versions is contrasted where she is able ot use what power she has to turn them against each other (in the Bandit’s, Samurai’s and Woodcutter’s version) or to stand up for herself and fight (Bandit’s version). She is the one who loses in all the situations as she expressed in the woodcutter’s story and how powerless women are in her society. For this reason when she does fight back in different versions, it means a lot…since in all she was victimized (by bandit and husband) and raped by the bandit. Mochiko was awesome in this role.
The Samurai – This guy is cold in all the versions and all about honor. He is cold and blames the wife for what was done to her. In his version as told by the Medium (which again we have no idea if the Medium is even dependable or has her own agenda) in his he has grudging respect for the bandit and hatred for his wife, he also takes his own life at the end.
The Commoner – The commoner represents the selfishness of those at the trial and the selfishness of humanity. He only listens because he’s bored and stuck with them because of the rain, and he is the one who points out the problems going on and how horrible man is to man. He completes it with the final act in the end when he steals a komono from a baby and points out the woodcutter’s hypocrisy, he is a nihilist and truth teller, though he does some of the picture. For the purpose of the story he is the prosecutor of humanity while the priest and woodcutter are the defendants. He was one of my favorite characters in this and Kichijiro really does a fantastic job.
The Priest – The priest is the idealist who is putting his head in the sand to a degree, as he doesn’t want to hear the woodcutter’s story after the three perspectives have been given. He is also easily manipulated as the commoner is able to briefly turn him against the woodcutter when he points out the woodcutter stole the wife’s dagger to sell. He is the heart and what is good about humanity in the end though as he tells the woodcutter after the woodcutter adopts the baby that his faith in humanity is restored.
The Woodcutter – The Woodcutter is the main protagonist, as it begins with him discovering the crime in the beginning and he is the one recounting it to the commoner. He tries to kill the commoner at one point when the commoner steals the abandoned baby’s clothes, but stops when his own crimes are revealed. He owns up to them though and chooses to take care of the baby, revealing that even with all the darkness in humanity, there is some light still.
The Message – Humanity on Trial and Defining Humanity
The message of this film is much bigger than the mystery of who was guilty of what, it tells the story of the bigger picture of us and the problems of people. From the wife and her husband the samurai betraying one another in different ways (her telling the bandit to kill her husband, her husband abandoning her after her victimization, the woodcutter stealing the dagger and the bandit for the rape and killings he’d done), with all this darkness and the country where bodies were left to rot (mentioned by the commoner) and the abandoned baby…there is a lot more desolation and reasons not to hope. Everyone is against everyone. Until the woodcutter and priest change that. The priest forgives and trusts the woodcutter, and the woodcutter adopts the abandoned baby to care for with the six children he already has. This shows that in all the bad, there is good.
The complexity of humanity in all its pros and cons is captured masterfully by Kurosawa in this film. This may be my favorite of his films, I’ll have to watch others before making a final assessment of that though. For now, it is one of my favorite films overall and one I’d highly recommend. If you are looking for a film that is beautifully filmed, has a soundtrack that captures the tension and mystery and has a greater larger point, this is your film.
Final Score: 10 / 10
Akira (1988): The Apocalypse and Humanity’s Awakening
August 12, 2014 May 12, 2019 cameronmoviesandtvLeave a comment
We begin Apocalypse Week with “Akira.” “Akira” was one of my favorite films, and it still holds up. It has great characters, philosophy politics and more. I’ll go into the details in the assessment.
“Akira” is based off the manga of the same name by Katsuhiro Otomo, who also directed this film. The film was written by Otomo as well, but also Izo Hashimoto. After seeing this again, I really want to read the manga.
I chose this movie for apocalypse week for two reasons. The story takes place in Neo-Tokyo (which has a broken steampunk feel to it), a city which has recently rebuilt from the apocalypse of World War 3. The reason for this I’ll discuss this later, since it has to do with the theme. The story in Neo-Tokyo is based around Shotaro and his biker gang who get attacked by the government when one of the gang Tetsuo is attacked psychically by an esper who was trying to escape from the government attacks him. From here Tetsuo is taken into custody as a test subject and the gang is brought in. An attack from the anti-government faction soon after brings Shatoro into contact with Kei, and the story unfolds from there.
The World: Neo-Tokyo is fascinating. It is a city that was built from the ruins of World War 3 and has a really cool Steam Punk feel to it, as it was once the height of industry, and now has just reached there again. There are many factions too, the government faction, the anti-government faction, the Espers and the Gangs and the Akira Worshippers.
The Music – The music has this mystic and haunting feel to it that contributes to the world changing events that occur throughout the film really well.
The characters – All the characters in this are great. I’ll go into it individually too, since it is through the characters that the story and world is fully revealed. All the characters have agency and their choices matter and advance the story.
Shotoro – Most of the drama is based around this character. He is leader of the Capsules, his biker gang and is good at looking out for all of them. He is also very clearly a punk too as when we first meet him he is fighting the Clowns (another gang) when a government take down of an Esper (psychic telepath)a is going down which brings him into the drama itself. The youngest member of the gang Tetsuo gets taken in by the government after he’s attacked by an esper and after the government finds out that Shotoro and his gang know nothing about the Espers so are released. After there is attack by the anti-government faction and Shotoro follows a woman who comes out of it leading him to the work by the anti-government faction and closer to the actions of the Espers. Shotoro is a character who is stubborn, but also extremely loyal. No matter what Tetsuo does, Shotoro is always trying to find a way to stop them, he also goes along with Kei and the government faction out of loyalty and attraction of Kei. This I think, is how he is able to survive all the events that go down.
Kei – Is the woman who works for the anti-government faction and The Colonel in the work with the espers. Their goal is to protect the city from another Akira incident. It is for this reason that dark has been done, such as killing the esper’s parents to raise them by the Colonel’s agency. Kei does all she can to prevent Tetsuo from bringing about another Akira Incident, even allowing the Espers to possess her and use their abilities against Tetsuo. She also eventually grows to care about Shotoro when she sees his actions to try and save Tetsuo.
The Colonel – The most interesting of the government factions, this is a guy with enough awareness of the city dying in it’s current form, but wanting to protect it anyway, because he does not want it fully destroyed. For him the honor of a soldier and protecting the people is the highest goal, after Tetsuo goes on his rampage and he is asked to step down by Parliament he does a coup in order to bring the fight to Tetsuo and prevent another Akira incident.
The Espers – The Espers are all children who have the bodies of old people, since containing the power caused them to age. Each of them has a distinct personality. Masaru is the leader and is larger kid in a floating chair, he is the planner, Takashi is the one who was recently kidnapped and is the one who acts quickly and there is Kiyoko who is the feeler and predictor who sees the next Akira incident tied to Tetsuo. It is from them we learn about the other subject Akira was who experimented on and could not contain his powers, so ended up destroying Tokyo. We also learn from them all have this powers, they are just unique in that they are aware of it.
Tetsuo – Tetsuo was a character who grew on me. I didn’t like him at first, especially when he first got his powers. He was a kid who was bullied but also a bully as seen by his membership in a gang. He becomes more sympathetic when he tries to escape it all with his girlfriend Kaori, as this is the first time we’ve seen him in an equal relationship. All the others he was mad with power and angry at being less so kills (the one who experimented on him, and a member of the gang, as well as the Clowns who beat and attempt to rape Kaori). You get why he goes mad at the end…and why he comes back when his power is turning him into a giant mutant baby that is absorbing all things and life. He loses Kaori, but after the Espers and Shotoro go into the center where Akira has melded with Tetsuo a mini big bang occurs and Tetsuo creates another universe in another dimension (though still destroys a lot of Tokyo). In the end he does look out for Shotoro though, and limits the damage he was causing in his mad power trip.
Akira – Akira functions as a reveal of the full potential of humanity. He was a normal kid who was overwhelmed by the power but eventually transcended his body…becoming one with the universe. A form of enlightenment I’d say, as the kid’s identity is still there…and he is one of the people able to help Tetsuo transcend.
The Message / The Ending – The message reminded me of Buddhism, as there is a lot of Buddhist symbolism in this film. The Akira Incident is that moment of change. Tokyo, Neo-Tokyo are the ego part of the self and it is in that destruction of the anger and the hate (the actions in the city going on as it is a civil war and in Tetsuo himself who is all anger and hate until it leads to him losing Kaori and overwhelming his identity). It is when that is destroyed that he is able to become a God like Akira and is guided through that process by Akira and the vespers. Symbolically it is really cool and a great metaphor for Buddhist enlightenment. Practically within the story, most of the population dies again, just like the first Akira incident. We see that someone was reached though as both Kei and Shotoro are left in the aftermath, and Shotoro is left holding a single point of light…all that is left of Tetsuo. The second apocalypse that lead to a second destruction (Tokyo, Neo-Tokyo) and Creation (Akira, Tetsuo), it is powerful and a really great and unique apocalypse.
Okay: The Government – The government is just a corrupt organization, we don’t really get their desires beyond wanting to keep the status quo, so when they are overthrown it isn’t as much of a shock as it would have been. More could have been done with them, like having an operative working with The Colonel or watching the Espers. All we get are corrupt politicians and police as the face of the who they are.
“Akira” still holds up as one of my favorite films. The point about destruction and creation in regards to Buddhism is fascinating and very true, in regards to letting go of the parts of our anger and hate and destroying the fear that bombards us. The approach to apocalypses is unique as well as the Esper abilities are fascinating and how that is used as a metaphor for our own potential in our actions and being. I highly recommend this film. It is a classic for a reason.
10 / 10 and also remembering Robin Williams today (will be reviewing one of his film later to honor him). “Akira” was one of his favorite animes too. R.I.P.
Kagemusha (1980): A Story of War, Purpose and the State
August 8, 2014 May 12, 2019 cameronmoviesandtvLeave a comment
Akira Kurosawa is a director I’ve been wanting to review for a while. Back in College when I was studying Japanese history, culture and language we watched some of his films. It’s been a bit since then, so it was great to return to one of his classics. Not only because of how great of a director Kurosawa is, but because of the time period the “Kagemusha” takes place in. The Warring States period is one of my favorite periods in Japan to study…especially in relation to the rise of the Shoguns and the figures of Oda Nobunaga and Tokugawa Ieyasu.
I’m going to say now, the film is not entirely historically accurate. For one the Warlord Takega Shingen was not killed and replaced by a double for 3 years. The movie also takes inspiration from Japanese Noh theatre so exaggerates some of the costumes and characters so that the message can come through clearer. In that way it is an excellent film, just not necessarily a good historically accurate film.
“Kagemusha” as said before, takes place around the Warring States period when the largest powers at play were Tokugawa Ieyasu, and the one he’d allied with and become a retainer of Oda Nobanaga as well as the third largest faction Takega Shingen. The story than goes smaller as Shingen’s brother found a criminal to play as a Kagemusha…a body double for Takega so he would have more protection and could “be” in many places at once. This body double is an unnamed theif, and after Takega is shot during one of the sieges he is called up to take his place so the generals can keep stability and keep Nobunaga’s and Ieyasu’s armies away. From here the story unfolds.
Pros: The Cinematography – Kurosawa uses the the stark Noh colors for inspiration throughout the film and it is done masterfully. Even mundane things like marching become beautiful as the different legions wear different colors of armor. This is used as a backdrop for battles as red is used to illustrate the violence or the multi-colored backdrop of the Kagemusha’s dream sequence. This helps the movie flow better, as it is a really long film.
Takega Shingen / The Kagemusha – The same actor Tatsuda Nakadai plays both the Warlord and the Body double, and though people say he overacts…this is based off Noh, that is kind of the point. He plays the extremes really well. From extreme cowardice as the thief, the confidence and coldness of Takega and when the Kagemusha embraces his role and becomes a kinder version of the warlord.
Oda Nobunaga – This is one of the most fascinating people in history, and this movie illustrates parts of the reasons why. He was an atheist who was a patron to Jesuit Missionaries, he wore Western Garb and drank wine from Spain but also was a huge supporter of the arts within Japan. He was an adaptable man which is why I think he was able to conquer so much before he died. Daisuke Ryu does an excellent job capturing this character as he is always smiling, energetic and active, but serious and respectful of his enemies. He has some great scenes with Ieyasu where they share some red wine and another scene where he says Amen to a blessing from the missionaries. Daisuke Ryu lives this role…and I can’t wait to see him in more films.
Tokugawa Ieyasu – Historically in regards to looks he was the opposite of Nobunaga. While Nobunaga was active and adaptable…Ieyasu was the waiter and watcher and tester. He always figured things out before he acted, which is why out of all the Shoguns leading up to Unification in the Warring States Period, he was the one stood victorious at the end. We see bits of that here too, though at this time Nobanaga was the superior force so we see that deference in their alliance. Masayuki Yui does a good job in the role, I just wish we could have got more. He doesn’t have as many unique character moments as Nobanaga.
The Battles – There are two major battles we get in this. One where Takega Shingen’s son goes to win honor as he was exiled away from his father and wants to reclaim honor and leadership of the clan from the Kagemusha, who with his generals than has to rescue him with a show of force…and at the end where the same son leads all his soldiers to the slaughter form Nobanuga’s guns.
The Reveals – The Reveal of the Kagemusha not being Takega Shingen is heartbreaking. It all came from pride too. He tried reading Shingen’s horse and was cast off revealing that he didn’t have Shingen’s scar on his back. He is given money and cast out into desolation. It is touching as the generals who have had some respect for him can do nothing since it was all a lie and ruse to begin with. After this Nobunaga does a Noh performance before Ieyasu in honor of Shingen and being tricked for three years by such a worthy foe.
The Ending – We see the banner of Shingen’s clan in the water as the Kagemusha is dying after joining the battle, having finally found his purpose.
The Messages – There are quite a few messages in this film. One major one, is how duty can give one purpose since as the Kagemusha tries to steal from Shingen after his death, and it only when he realizes all he lost that he devotes himself to the clan and the role they gave him. This in turn leads to him dying for a cause at the end. He is no longer lost, no longer wandering…his purpose is found.
Another message is the uncaringness of the State. The Kagemusha is just a tool and after he is of no use he is left as a possible death in the Warring States. No one checks up on him and the relationship he formed with Shingen’s grandson means nothing because he was a peasant and thief so has no power. He is only worth as much as he is useful, which is exaggerated even more in war time.
Kurosawa is a master director and this film is a classic for a reason. It is a bit long, but the cinematography and major characters are so great that it keeps you interested and curious to see what happens. The time period being one of my favorite periods of study is also a plus for me as well. I highly recommend this film and it is one of my all time favorites after today.
My final score for it is 9.5 / 10
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Poli, born in 1746 in Molfetta, Italy, studied classics, theology, and natural sciences at the University of Padua. In 1774, he traveled to London during an appointment at the Royal Military Academy, where he met physician and collector William Hunter, who suggested that he study the mollusks of the Mediterranean.
External morphology of a female paper nautilus (Argonauta argo) with egg case. Poli, Giuseppe Saverio. Testacea utriusque Siciliae. (1791-1827). http://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/44020354.
In the midst of a turbulent time in European history, with the outbreak of the Napoleonic wars at the beginning of the nineteenth century, Poli published his groundbreaking treatises on the comparative anatomy and classification of mollusks of Naples and Sicily, complete in three volumes under the title Testacea utriusque Siciliae eorumque historia et anatome. The first two volumes were published under Poli’s supervision in 1791 and 1795, but the outbreak of civil war in 1799 delayed the publication of the third, which was eventually published posthumously in two parts from 1826-27. The first part of volume three lists Poli as the author but provides annotations by Stefano Delle Chiaje, while the second part was authored by Delle Chiaje and describes the remaining species illustrated by Poli.
Shell morphology and internal and external anatomy of Mediterranean scallop (Pecten jacobaeus). Poli, Giuseppe Saverio. Testacea utriusque Siciliae. (1791-1827). http://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/44020302.
Testacea utriusque Siciliae is not only exquisitely illustrated with engraved colored plates featuring matching line-drawing versions with labels, but it also provided significant and novel insights about mollusks. While most of his contemporaries studied mollusks only through the lens of their shells, Poli recognized the importance of the information available in the soft tissues and documented molluscan morphology in great detail. Many of his observations were new to science; Poli was the first author to identify structures on the mantle edge of some bivalve mollusks as eyes.
Testacea utriusque Siciliae was also the first treatise on molluscan biochemistry and physiology. A variety of tools, developed by Poli himself, were used to study reproduction and digestion, measure the contractile force of adductor muscles, trace blood flow and study blood composition, and describe the crystalline structure and chemical composition of shells in mollusks.
Instruments used by Poli, including dissecting tools, microscopes, and tools to measure the contractile force of adductor muscles in clams. Poli, Giuseppe Saverio. Testacea utriusque Siciliae. (1791-1827). http://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/44020202.
Finally, Testacea utriusque Siciliae was the first work to propose a classification system for mollusks based on soft anatomical characteristics. The predominant classification system of the day was based on the structure of the shells.
External morphology and dissections of the Mediterranean pen shell (Pinna nobilis). Poli, Giuseppe Saverio. Testacea utriusque Siciliae. (1791-1827). http://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/44020338.
In short, Testacea utriusque Siciliae established molluscan comparative anatomy as a distinct discipline, secured Poli’s position as the father of malacology, and provided an essential foundation for the work of future malacologists.
You can view this monumental publication for free in BHL, digitized by Smithsonian Libraries.
Information for this post based on the essay “At the Dawn of Malacology: The Salient and Silent Oeuvre of Giuseppe Saverio Poli” by Ilya Tëmkin from Natural Histories (2012).
This post was first published on the Biodiversity Heritage Library blog on August 19th, 2015.
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Caleigh
What book are these images from? I remember seeing similar prints of insects. Is there a book i can find of all these images ?
Hi Caleigh,
These images are all from “Testacea utriusque Siciliae eorumque historia et anatome” (1791-1827), available online here:
https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/79042#/summary
Outreach Librarian
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This month’s guest blog is written by Nick Rewcastle, Secretary for Sussex Search and Rescue – a volunteer organisation utilised by Sussex Police to help search for, and rescue, missing people. Read on for a fascinating insight into what it’s like to be a part of this invaluable charity.
When my (now) wife told me about the volunteering work she does – I couldn’t believe how she managed to fit that into her busy life, with a full time job. But it didn’t take me long to join the team, and I haven’t looked back.
Since I joined Sussex Search and Rescue over two years ago, my wife Hannah and I have got married, bought a house, both had promotions at work and spend a lot of our time volunteering for Sussex Search and Rescue. We also have three cats!
Sussex Search & Rescue (SusSAR) is the primary volunteer resource used by Sussex Police to search for, and rescue, vulnerable missing people. SusSAR is on call 24 hours every day throughout the year. As a 100% volunteer organisation, we give our time free of charge and expect nothing in return but satisfaction from a job well done. SusSAR exists to serve the community of Sussex through the goodwill of its members and charitable donations.
We can be called out by Sussex Police or by Search & Rescue Teams in other counties requesting our assistance at any time. We are both Search Technicians, but also have committee roles, with Hannah as Fundraising Officer and myself as a trustee of the charity, as Secretary.
We don’t have a lot of time for doing much else, but that doesn’t matter to us because we love what we do. We help to save lives and support with the day-to-day running of a truly vital resource to Sussex Police.
As a self-funded unit with no government funding, Sussex Search and Rescue is continually on the lookout for funds in the form of donations and grants, as well as any opportunities to raise funds, such as support for events, mainly in the form of marshalling at large sporting or community events. SusSAR also regularly partakes in ‘bucket shakes’ outside supermarkets, shops or in high-streets as an alternative means for raising funds. Hannah keeps herself busy with the fundamental task of raising those essential funds. And she does a cracking effort. I deal with the more admin side of the team, across all elements of the charity – some more exciting than others!
We often find ourselves coming home from work and having to answer emails, or spend a few hours on a Sunday catching up on work that needs doing. If we’re not on laptops, at meetings or training sessions then we are managing fundraising events. But we don’t complain. We do it together, we enjoy it, and SusSAR is our family.
Part of why we all get along so well is that we all share the same passion – Search and Rescue. And many of us enjoy the kit we use and spend hours talking about why these boots are the best, and why these trousers are more waterproof…and don’t get me started on the torches! We face tough conditions, and are out searching for hours in the pouring rain, mud or snow, or even scorching heat – so having the right kit is vital for us. We have to be prepared to search for up to eight hours at a time, and ensure there is enough to keep us going.
As a unit, in the field we operate in, we come across some challenging situations and it’s key that we stick together and support each other. We do that well. We are a team of over 60 members, we are all friends despite the wide age range and most importantly, are a family of volunteers helping those that need us the most.
If you are able to support Sussex Search and Rescue, or for more information, please contact secretary@sussar.org
Without even realising it, there’s so much around us that makes us feel content, comfortable and downright cosy, at times when the weather may not be so great, the nights are drawing in, or perhaps when just feeling like we’re having a bit of a ‘grey’ day. It may even just be something that we […]
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› Chicago › Foo Fighters Tickets For Remaining Tour Dates Averaging $135 On Secondary Market
Foo Fighters Tickets For Remaining Tour Dates Averaging $135 On Secondary Market
September 21, 2015 2 Comments Chicago, Foo Fighters, Music, Citi Field, Concert Tickets, highways, Sonic
(UPDATE 9/21/15) It’s been a long road. but the North American leg of the Sonic Highways World Tour is coming near an end. Only 11 shows remain for the remainder of the tour, but while dates are now limited, it doesn’t mean they will be in any less demand. On the secondary market, Foo Fighters tickets have an average price of $135.21.
Two of the biggest remaining shows will take place at the start of week when the band plays back-to-back nights at The Forum in Los Angeles. However, the price points for the show are not as high as some others, though that is mostly due to how soon the shows are, rather than a lack of demand. The band will play their first of two shows on Monday night with an average price of $109.19, and a get-in price of $36. Tuesday night both the average and get-in will rise, as the average will be $123.11 and the cheapest ticket is $51.
The most expensive remaining date on the tour will come on October 5 at Bridgestone Arena. The Nashville show currently has an average price of $311.67 and a get-in price of $81. Only two other shows have an average over $200, an October 4 show at Centennial Olympic Park in Atlanta with an average of $209.32, and the tour finale on October 17 at Anaheim’s Honda Center. The current average price for the last show of the leg is $241.64 with a get-in price of $86.
In the middle of this final stretch of shows, Foo Fighters will play both weekends at Austin City Limits. On both weekends the band with play to headline Friday night. Due also to the amount of artists able to be seen with admission, Austin City Limits tickets are significantly more expensive than solo Foo Fighters shows. The current average for the first Friday is $210.85, with a get-in price of $116. The next Friday, October 9, has an average price of $229.46 and a get-in price of $113.
Foo Fighters Return to ‘Sonic Highways’ Tour with Two Stops in Canada this Week
(UPDATE 8/11/15) After taking an extended break from touring North America over the last several weeks, the Foo Fighters return to the road this Wednesday with a show at Rexall Place in Edmonton. 28 more shows remain on the “Sonic Highways” Tour, which continues in the U.S. and Canada through mid-October.
Over that time, the average secondary price for Foo Fighters tickets on TicketIQ is $165.88. The band’s stop in Edmonton will be the cheapest show remaining on tour, with Foo Fighters tickets at Rexall Place averaging $96.12 and get-in price starting at $28. The band will play its two other least expensive dates on September 30 at INTRUST Bank Arena ($96.96 avg./$17 get-in) and October 7 at FedEx Forum ($113.61 avg./$40 get-in).
Wrigley Field will be the hosting site of the Foo Fighters’ most expensive remaining show on August 29. That show currently owns a secondary ticket average of $468.27 and a $165 get-in price. Minnesota’s Xcel Energy Center will host the second top-priced gig on August 22, where tickets average $356.45 and get-in price starts at $118.
Foo Fighters Tickets Averaging $167 on Secondary Market for Remaining ‘Sonic Highways’ Tour Dates
(UPDATE 8/5/15) After taking a brief hiatus from the road over the last three weeks, the Foo Fighters will return to tour in Canada next Wednesday when they play Edmonton’s Rexall Place. 30 more dates remain on the band’s “Sonic Highways” Tour, which continues in North America through the middle of October. Ticket demand remains high on the secondary market as well, as Foo Fighters tickets now average $166.64 on TicketIQ over the band’s final three months.
Wrigley Field will be the site of the band’s most expensive show on August 29. The average secondary price for Foo Fighters Chicago tickets is $482.72 and the cheapest available ticket is listed for $165. Additional top-priced gigs come onSeptember 19 at Honda Center in Anaheim ($363.58 avg./$138 get-in) and August 22 at Xcel Energy Center in Minnesota ($339.27 avg./$178 get-in).
Conversely, the INTRUST Bank Arena in Wichita, Kansas will be the band’s cheapest remaining gig on September 30. That show owns a secondary ticket average of $95.78 and the get-in price is $17. Other cheapest-priced shows includeAugust 19 at Hollywood Casino Amphitheatre ($104.31 avg./$51 get-in), October 7 at FedEx Forum ($111.05 avg./$22 get-in) and September 14 at Moda Center ($124.41 avg./$37 get-in).
The Foo Fighters will continue their North American tour run through October 17, when they wrap at the Honda Center.
Foo Fighters Citi Field Tickets Starting At $45 Per Seat, $63 For Fenway Park
(UPDATE 7/15/15) Still at the start of North American leg of their Sonic Highways World Tour, Foo Fighters will be heading into some of their biggest shows in the coming week. Starting on Wednesday night, the band will play two nights at Citi Field in New York. Foo Fighters tickets at Citi Field have been dropping in availability, but the cheapest tickets for both nights can be had at good deals. For Wednesday night’s show tickets start at $69, while Thursday’s show will start at $45.
Then for the weekend the band will be shipping up to Boston to play two shows at Fenway Park on Saturday and Sunday. Foo Fighters tickets at Fenway are slightly more expensive, starting at $63 on Saturday and $75 on Sunday.
Chicago Most Expensive, Wichita Least Expensive Cities Remaining on Foo Fighters’ ‘Sonic Highways’ Tour
(UPDATE 7/14/15) The Foo Fighters recently kicked off the North American leg of their “Sonic Highways” Tour, which will run across the U.S. and Canada over 34 more shows through mid-October. Hitting both stadiums and arenas during its remaining three months of shows, Dave Grohl and co. are putting up big ticket prices on the secondary market.
According to TicketIQ, the average secondary price for Foo Fighters tickets is $153.82. The most expensive show comes onAugust 29 at Wrigley Field in Chicago. That show has a ticket price average of $451.69 and the cheapest available ticket is $150. One week prior the band plays its second cheapest show at Xcel Energy Center, where tickets average at $348.19 and get-in price starts at $156.
September 30 at INTRUST Bank Arena in Wichita, Kansas will be the band’s cheapest show. Foo Fighters Kansas tickets currently own a secondary average of $92.25 and the get-in price is $20. Other least expensive shows come this week at Citi Field in New York on Wednesday and Thursday. Foo Fighters Citi Field tickets average at $93.76 over the two-show affair.
The “Sonic Highways” Tour continues its run across the U.S. and Canada through October 17, when it wraps at the Honda Center in Anaheim.
Foo Fighters Begin North American Leg of Sonic Highways Tour this Weekend
(UPDATE 6/29/2015) The Foo Fighters aren’t letting Dave Grohl’s fractured leg step in the way of their touring plans. The band is slated to kick off the North American leg of its Sonic Highways Tour this Saturday at RFK Stadium in D.C., which will also serve as a 20th Anniversary blowout show featuring a slew of A-list support from some of music’s biggest names. 37 shows are scheduled through the middle of October, and the average price for Foo Fighters tickets is $159.34 on the secondary market.
The band will play its most expensive show on August 29 at Wrigley Field in Chicago. According to TicketIQ, the average secondary price for Foo Fighters tickets in Chicago is $459.48 and the get-in price, or cheapest available ticket, is $170. Other top-priced shows include August 22 at Xcel Energy Center in Minnesota ($332.41/avg., $132 get-in), July 8 at Molson Canadian Amphitheatre ($310.67/avg., $116 get-in) and July 9 at Molson Canadian Amphitheatre ($299.46/avg., $117 get-in).
If hoping to get out to the Foo’s cheapest show, look no further than September 30 at INTRUST Bank Arena in Wichita, Kansas. That show currently owns a secondary ticket average of $94.74 and the get-in price starts at $23. The Kansas stop will be the only show where tickets average below $100 on the resale market. A July 6 gig at Susquehanna Bank Center in Camden, New Jersey is the second least expensive show with an average ticket price of $106.34 and a $31 get-in price.
The 20th Anniversary Blowout show on Saturday currently owns a secondary ticket average of $108.32 and get-in price is $43. Other notable musicians appearing at the D.C. show include Gary Clark Jr., Buddy Guy, Heart, Joan Jett & The Blackhearts, LL Cool J and Trombone Shorty and the Orleans Avenue, to name a few.
Foo Fighters Tickets For 20th Anniversary Show At RFK Averaging $109 On Resale Market
(UPDATE 6/26/15) The show is still scheduled to go on. With just under a week away before Foo Fighters are scheduled to start North American tour dates, there have been no indications that the band will have to cancel any dates. After Dave Grohl broke his leg, Foo Fighters were forced to cancel European tour dates. They will kick off North American shows with their 20th Anniversary Blowout at Washington D.C.’s RFK Stadium on July 4. Currently the average price of Foo Fighters tickets for the event is $109.06 on the secondary market. The get-in price is currently $43, which is nearly half of face value for general admission seating.
(UPDATE 5/1/15) Rock and roll heavyweights Foo Fighters are heading out on the road beginning next month, and the band’s August 29 stop at Wrigley Field in Chicago will be among the most expensive shows of tour on the secondary ticket market. Though still four months away, the average secondary price for Foo Fighters Chicago tickets is currently $300.06, more than 84% higher than the tour average of $162.51.
For fans hoping to just get in at Wrigley for the late-August gig, the cheapest available ticket is currently priced at $137. 13 of the band’s upcoming shows this summer won’t even post a secondary average that high, making it one of the most sought-after concerts along the tour. Only a July 8 show at the Molson Canadian Amphitheatre in Toronto will be more expensive on average, with tickets averaging at $314.74. That show sees get-in price start at $96.
Foo Fighters Announce More Dates For "Sonic Highways" Tour
(UPDATE 1/29/15) The Foo Fighters are channeling the famous words of the late Ernie Banks - only this time, they’ll play two at Citi Field in New York this summer. The band announced its intentions on Thursday to play a second show in Queens after tickets sold out for their first show on July 16. A show scheduled for July 15 is now official, and primary tickets go on sale on the Mets official website on Friday. The Foo Fighters American Stadium leg of the Sonic Highways Tour begins on July 4 at RFK Stadium in Washington, D.C.
... (UPDATE 1/8/15) Throughout the run of Sonic Highways on HBO, Foo Fighters continually announced surprise shows in the city being featured on the show that week. Now with the series over, the band still has one more last minute surprise show left in them. The band announced they will be playing a concert at The Forum in Los Angeles to celebrate Dave Grohl’s 46th birthday. Tickets are listed at $50 and $10 from each ticket will be divided to three charities: Rock School Scholarship Fund, MusiCares and Sweet Relief.
On the 15th, Foo Fighters will start their Sonic Highways World Tour in Chile. The band will play internationally before starting their North American run of dates with their 4th of July 20th Anniversary Blowout at RFK Stadium in Washington D.C.
... (UPDATE 12/9) Here is the full list of Foo Fighters Sonic Highways Tour Dates. Tickets for all available shows can be purchased at the bottom of this post.
12/10 – Cape Town, SA @ Cape Town Stadium
12/13 – Johannesburg, SA @ FNB Stadium
01/15 – Santiago, CL @ Estadio Nacional
01/18 – Buenos Aires, AR @ Estadio Unico De La Plata
01/21 – Porto Alegre, BR @ Estacionamento Da Fiegs
01/23 – Sao Paulo, BR @ Estadio Do Morumbi
01/25 – Rio de Janerio, BR @ Estadio Do Marcana
01/28 – Belo Horizonte, BR @ Mega Space
01/31 – Bogota, CO @ Estadio El Campin
02/08 – Christchurch, NZ @ AMI Stadium
02/21 – Auckland, AU @ Mt. Smart Stadium
02/24 – Brisbane, AU @ Suncorp Stadium
02/26 – Sydney, AU @ ANZ Stadium
02/28 – Melbourne, AU @ Etihad Stadium
03/02 – Hobart, AU @ Derwent Entertainment Centre
03/04 – Adelaide, AU @ Coopers Stadium
03/07 – Perth, AU @ NIB Stadium
05/25 – Sunderland, UK @ Sunderland Stadium of Light
05/27 – Manchester, UK @ Emirates Old Trafford
06/05-07 – Nürburg, DE @ Rock am Ring
06/05-07 – Nuremberg, DE @ Rock im Park
06/10 – Oslo, NO @ Telenor Arena
06/12 – Gothenburg, SE @ Ullevi Stadium
06/13-14 – Landgraaf, NL @ Pinkpop Festival
06/19 – London, UK @ Wembley Stadium
06/23 – Edinburgh, UK @ BT Murrayfield Stadium
06/25-28 – Werchter, BE @ Rock Werchter
07/04 – Washington, DC @ RFK Stadium
07/06 – Camden, NJ @ Susquehanna Bank Center
07/09 – Toronto, ON @ Molson Canadian Ampitheatre
07/16 – New York, NY @ Citi Field
07/18 – Boston, MA @ Fenway Park
08/12 – Edmonton, AB @ Rexall Place
08/17 – Denver, CO @ Fidler’s Green Ampitheatre
08/19 – Maryland Heights, MO @ Verizon Wireless Ampitheater
08/21 – Kansas City, MO @ Sprint Center
08/22 – St. Paul, MN @ Xcel Energy Center
08/24 – Detroit, MI @ DTE Energy Music Theatre
08/27 – Indianapolis, IN @ Klipsch Music Center
08/29 – Chicago, IL @ Wrigley Field
09/11 – Vancouver, BC @ Rogers Arena
09/12 – George, WA @ Gorge Ampitheatre
09/14 – Portland, OR @ Moda Center
09/16 – Mountain View, CA @ Shoreline Ampitheatre
09/18 – Anaheim, CA @ Honda Center
09/21 – Los Angeles, CA @ The Forum
09/25 – Phoenix, AZ @ AK-Chin Pavilion
09/27 – Albuquerque, NM @ Isleta Ampitheater
09/29 – Oklahoma City, OK @ Chesapeake Energy Arena
09/30 – Wichita, KS @ INTRUST Bank Arena
10/04 – Atlanta, GA @ Centennial Olympic Park
10/05 – Nashville, TN @ Bridgestone Arena
10/07 – Memphis, TN @ FedEx Forum
(UPDATE) A full list of tour dates is expected to be announced for the Sonic Highways World Tour on Tuesday, but one venue may have already leaked. Vanyaland discovered a built page on the Boston Red Sox official website that hinted at a Foo Fighters show. The ticket page was set up specifically for a concert with the title “Foo Fighters at Fenway.” The band has already announced a date at Wrigley Field during the summer of 2015, so a concert at the ballpark in Boston would not be an outlier in the type of venues that will be played this summer. Nothing is official yet, but check back with the TicketIQ Blog on Tuesday when tour dates are officially announced.
(Update) As part of the Sonic Highways World Tour, Foo Fighters have announced five UK dates in May and June of 2015. The run will start on May 25 with a concert at Sunderland Stadium of Light followed by a show at Emirates Old Trafford in Manchester on May 27. The band will then resume on June 19 and 20 with back-to-back nights at Wembley Stadium. On both Wembley dates, Foo FIghters will be supported by Iggy Pop. The final show will come on June 23 at BT Murrayfield Stadium in Edinburgh. For that date, as well as the two nights at Wembley, Royal Blood will also perform. Foo Fighters tickets for the shows will have a pre-sale on November 19 and go on a general on sale November 21.
There will be a pre-sale on November 19th, and tickets go on sale to the general publish November 21st.
Below are all UK dates:
May 25th – Sunderland, UK – Sunderland Stadium of Light
May 27th – Manchester, UK – Emirates Old Trafford
June 19th – London, UK – Wembley Stadium
June 23rd – Edinburgh, UK – BT Murrayfield Stadium
Foo Fighters have announced the supporting acts for their day-long 20th anniversary celebration on the Fourth of July. The event at RFK Stadium will feature sets from Buddy Guy, Gary Clark Jr., Heart, Joan Jett, LL Cool J, Trouble Funk and Trombone Shorty. Each of those artists played a part in the recording of the band’s upcoming studio album Sonic Highways, which will be released on Monday, November 10. Foo Fighters tickets for the event go on sale Saturday, November 8 at 10am.
Foo Fighters are planning themselves an anniversary party. The band has been around for 20 years and will be celebrating with an all-day extravaganza on July 4 at RFK Stadium in Washington D.C. This will be the second show Foo Fighters will be in a stadium next summer as the band already announced an August 29 concert at Wrigley Field. With Cheap Trick, Naked Raygun and Urge Overkill announced as support acts in Chicago, there could be some interesting acts announced to play on the Fourth of July. More details for the show will be announced on November 6 and Foo Fighters tickets will go on sale on November 8 at 10am.
More dates have now been announced for Foo Fighters "Sonic Highways" Tour. Dates include stops in Nashville, New Orleans and Washington DC in the US. They're also heading to South Africa, Australia, Germany and a few stop in South America. Here is a full list of dates:
2014 Foo Fighters Tour Dates
Oct 31st - Ryman Auditorium, Nashville
Nov 2nd - Voodoo Music + Arts Experience, New Orleans
Nov 11th - The Concert For Valor, Washington, DC (Dave solo acoustic) (Free Show)
Dec 10th - Cape Town Stadium, Cape Town, South Africa
Dec 13th - FNB Stadium, Johannesburg, South Africa
Jan 15th - Estadio Nacional Julio Martinez Pradanos, Santiago, Chile
Jan 18th - Estadio Ciudad de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
Jan 21st - Pavilhao da FIERGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
Jan 23rd - Estadio Cicero Pompeu de Toledo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Jan 25th - Estadio Jornalista Mario Filho, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil
Jan 28th - Mega Space, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
Jan 31st - Estadio Nemesio Camacho, Bogota, Colombia
Feb 24th – Brisbane, Suncorp Stadium
Feb 26th – Sydney, ANZ Stadium
Feb 28th – Melbourne, Etihad Stadium
Mar 2nd – Hobart, Derwent Entertainment Centre
Mar 4th – Adelaide, Coopers Stadium
Mar 7th - Perth, nib Stadium
Jun 5th - 7th - Rock AM Ring, Mendig, Germany
Jun 5th - 7th - Rock IM Park, Nuremberg, Germany
Aug 29th - Wrigley Field, Chicago
Foo Fighters Announce First Date For Upcoming "Sonic Highways" Tour
At a small show in Chicago last week, Foo Fighters announced their first show for an upcoming Sonic Highways Tour. The venue for the show is Chicago’s Wrigley Field on August 29. The date will probably not be the actual start date of the tour, but it is the first show that has been announced. Foo Fighters tickets for the Wrigley show go on sale Monday, October 27. For more on their Wrigley Field show, check out this article we published on Forbes:
The Foo Fighters have announced the first date for their 2015 tour, at Chicago’s Wrigley Field. The August 29 show isn’t likely to be the first actual date of the Sonic Highways World Tour, but has been the first date announced. Chicago has played a big part in the lead up to the band’s eighth studio album, as the setting for the first track and the first episode of their HBO series, both titled Sonic Highways. Foo Fighters tickets for the Wrigley Field concert have an early access presale starting October 24 with a public on sale starting Monday, October 27.
To continue reading this article, head over to Forbes.
Chicago Foo Fighters Music Citi Field Concert Tickets highways Sonic
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― October 2, 2015 | 2 Comments
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Previewing The Gary Clark Jr. Tour & Setlist
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Blogging.la
Lizard people dude. Seriously.
Posted on August 12, 2010 August 12, 2010 by Kevin Ott
LA’s Greatest Landmarks: Olvera Street
There’s a scene in the pilot episode of Futurama where, immediately after the main character falls into cryogenic suspended animation, we see the next thousand years of human history fly by in less than a minute: Buildings topple as society falls, then are rebuilt, then fall again when alien spacecraft invade, then are replaced by medieval castles, and eventually a futuristic city.
Whenever I’m walking down Olvera Street I’m reminded of that scene.
Part of this is because there’s a section of my brain that’s always kind of focused on how cool an alien invasion would be, but mostly it’s because of the many iterations of Olvera Street you’d see if you watched the last 230 years of Los Angeles history on fast-forward; over the 1800s and 1900s, it’s gone from city center to forgotten backstreet to tourist mecca.
For sale at Olvera Street: Maracas. Also for sale: Lots and lots and lots and lots and lots and lots of other stuff.
Many of us think of Olvera Street as “the oldest street in Los Angeles,” but the reality is that, at one time, Olvera Street pretty much was Los Angeles. As the central plaza of LA — or, as the city was known, El Pueblo de Nuesta Senora Reina de los Angeles — was the beating heart of the city. But after California was ceded to the United States as a spoil of the Mexican-American War in 1848, the city saw an influx of European immigrants, and Olvera Street’s status as a community center declined as LA grew.
By the early decades of the 20th Century, Olvera Street had become a gathering place for struggling immigrants. Then in 1926, a wealthy socialite named Christine Sterling “discovered” the street and its surrounding area, and used her connections among LA’s moneyed elite to bring the street back to its old glory. When Sterling first saw Olvera, it was in a state of ruin; its impressively-preserved condition today is largely due to efforts she started in the 1920s.
The street was maintained by the state of California until 1985, when it came under the auspices of the city. Most recently, Olvera Street was in danger of losing its events funding; a political struggle would have put the planning and implementation of festivals like Dia de los Muertos and the Blessing of the Animals in the hands of private bidders rather than local merchants. In May, those efforts were overturned by the City Council.
Mariachi roam Olvera Street unchecked. It's awesome.
Today, Olvera Street is a blast; when I visited on Sunday I stopped for taquitos at Cielito Lindo (warning: sound), where I got three taquitos and refried beans smothered in green chile sauce for a cool six bucks (the same price will also get you two taquitos and a tamale). The service is super-quick, even in a crowd. The taquitos are good, but it’s the green sauce that’ll keep me coming back. Finding a seat is a challenge; I gobbled down my taquitos perched on a brick planter in the middle of the walkway until a seat opened up in the dining room.
Afterwards I stopped at Mr. Churro for dessert. I ordered two churros for myself and two for my girlfriend, then learned that each churro was literally as long as my damn arm. You can get them filled with strawberry, caramel or whipped cream, and then watch as the coolest guy in the whole world uses a giant confection-injection machine to fill the churros. I offer my profound apologies for not getting a picture of this process; it’s awesome beyond the telling.
That's a big damn churro.
While I ate I was treated to a roving mariachi band. I’m pretty sure it was a mariachi band; my knowledge of Mexican music isn’t what it should be.
Of course, being the glutton that I am, I spent much of my time eating, but there’s plenty more to do at Olvera Street. There’s the Avila Adobe House, which, built in 1818, is the oldest still-standing house in Los Angeles. There’s the Sepulveda House, built in 1887 and restored by Sterling in 1929 as a USO canteen. And there’s plenty more.
We didn’t buy anything, but Olvera Street is a great place to part with a few bucks. At some point, I keep promising myself, I will buy one of the luchador masks that every vendor seems to sell. I’ll have to do it when I’m there alone, because apparently there’s nothing more terrifying to my girlfriend than the sight of me dressed as a Mexican wrestler.
I might wrestle Spider-Man. Venom, not so much. Don't mess with the alien symbiotes.
Most of the restaurants in Olvera Street are open until around 9:30 or 10 PM. It’s easily accessible from Union Station if you want to take the Metro, but parking in the surrounding area isn’t hard to find. I was surprised to find that many merchants and restaurants take credit and debit cards, but I’d recommend bringing some cash just in case. Oh, and bring all the politeness and good manners your mama taught you; it can get pretty crowded and some of the spaces are a little snug (to the woman who spilled a drink on me without apologizing or even looking at me: Karma is a stone-cold bitch, lady). Also, families bring their kids, and the vendors sell a lot of trinkets that make noise.
On the plus side, though, there’s margaritas.
The fruity margarita was mine. The beer was my girlfriend's. Take that, established gender roles!
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Gabriele on Cabinet of Curiosities unveils mysterious worlds viewed through peepholes at Union Station
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URL on Souvenir from the ’32 Olympic games
Burns! on Griffith Park…when size really matters
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Home Search and Rescue Coast Guard medevacs man from cruise ship
Coast Guard medevacs man from cruise ship
Aug 9th, 2010 · Comments Off on Coast Guard medevacs man from cruise ship
SAN DIEGO – The Coast Guard medically evacuated a man from a cruise ship about a mile off Point Loma, Calif., in the early hours of morning Monday.
The Joint Harbor Operations Center (JHOC) received a call from the Eleventh Coast Guard District Command Center at about 11:30 p.m., Sunday night that a 71 year-old man aboard a cruise ship, Mariner of the Seas, was experiencing health problems.
The cruise ship was approximately 50 miles south of San Diego, and was directed by the JHOC to head toward San Diego so the man could be medically evacuated for the health care he required.
At about 2:30 Monday morning a Coast Guard 41-foot utility boat met the Mariner of the Seas at sea buoy number one, about a mile off Point Loma. The man was taken aboard the Coast Guard boat, transported to the San Diego Harbor Police dock to awaiting emergency medical services, and then taken to the University of California, San Diego hospital.
Tags:cruise ship · Mariner of the Seas · medevac
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You are currently browsing the monthly archive for October 2012.
October’s Featured Poet – John Grey
October 1, 2012 in B.Z. Niditch, Blogroll, Contemporary American Voices, John Grey, Literature, Poetry, Uncategorized, Writing | 1 comment
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Other notable work by B.Z. NIDITCH.
John Grey-
In darkness, heart pumping, just enough blood manufactured
to make a difference to my dozing body.
Laughter rises up out of the lawn. I’m on my bicycle
steering it in ever greater circles. Shannon is
tossing baseballs like the girl she is. One lobs near my head.
Almost topples me from the saddle. The day is
composed of its elements: oxygen, nitrogen and Shannon.
Even before I sleep, dreams are restless to get to me.
My head is clean white canvas. Summer-scapes are all the rage.
Back comes the trembling moment right before the sigh.
Stream gurgles. Eyes pop. Grass smells like another species,
soft, scented, fortunate in its spreading ease.
Shannon takes my pale white hand. Shannon…
no lovelier bearer of that name.
All night long, recollections tip-toe around an ancient August sun
Blood thinks it has the night off but no, it must feed my brain,
wash away the leftovers.
Feet dangle from bank. Some swimming is accomplished.
Boy, girl, emerge dripping from the water.
They kiss. Girl says his name softly. Boy can only whisper “Shannon.”
This never happens when I am wide awake.
But the unconscious mind has more of me to go on.
You have thought about it interminably,
in grubby kitchens, on trash-littered tenement steps,
how you never asked to live
and yet here you are,
how Bobby never wanted to die,
so why isn’t he dawdling home now,
across the park, by the basketball court.
The lids of your eyes dig into your cheeks like knives.
How do the murderers, the thieves, the liars,
ever get what’s coming to them, you wonder.
Your brain feels like an overweight backpack.
Nothing more will fit and yet more has to fit.
And here comes the mailman
no postcards, just bills.
No one says, wish you were here.
Just stay where you are and pay for it.
TWO BUMS
What can I say? It’s an alley-way.
It’s a rough part of town.
There’s an old man sprawled
with his back against
the crumbling brick wall
of an abandoned shoe factory.
The best warning he can give
is the sight of himself
He grips a bottle like it’s his Bible.
It saves him from everything
but his thirst.
What can he know if me?
Has he ever read “The Great Gatsby,”
listened to Erik Satie,
indulged his European forebears
on the Grand Canal in Venice.
Maybe he was a fighter.
Maybe he drove a truck.
He can’t be me.
Bet he has no scrawled record
of every busted love affair,
each family slight.
Can he open a book of
himself at twenty, at thirty, at forty?
The only drunken poet I know
is Dylan Thomas
and this sure isn’t him.
Probably the past is so drunk out of him
that only today happens.
“Spare change?” he grunts.
I need my changes for my work.
WHAT HASN’T HE CHEATED ON
He cheated on the car as well,
the lease in both their names.
And that couch has been cuckolded
in the extreme, likewise the television
where the deceit on-screen is merely play-acting.
In fact, the entire room where they
sit together is such a victim of duplicity
its paper starts to peel, once bright green
turns sickly yellow.
What doesn’t feel something even if it
doesn’t know the woman’s name?
The bed? No way three fit
but does the one now lying in it
know she isn’t even there?
And what about this kitchen?
Wasn’t the way to a man’s heart
through his stomach?
She feeds you him but that
dumb stomach has no way these days
of passing on the romantic information.
Pots and pans, relentlessly cheated on..
Knives and forks… if they only knew
they’d jab the life out of the traitor.
He turns on a tap to wash his bands.
Dirt gurgles down the drain.
So that’s what water is… collusion.
COFFIN SHIP
The rickety ship rattles as much
as it tosses.
The grizzled man beside me
is glad just to be sea-sick.
His cousin died of cholera yesterday.
His baby caine down with typhus this morning.
His wife curls up in a corner and sobs.
There’s as much blight on us here
as rotted any a potato crop.
We huddle down in our field
of rats and sickness
to putrefy, to fester,
while we whisper of our days in Ireland
like we’re talking of the dead.
The ship lurches, the sails
slap into a wild frenzy,
the cables whip across the decks,
lash the squealing masts.
Will we ever reach America, I wonder.
I fall asleep a little.
A dream of Kerry hills.
is quickly dragged into
the swell of nightmares.
My head floods with the heaps of corpses,
too poor to be buried,
and the faces of the landlords,
grim and hard as unfertile, rocky soil.
And there’s the crowds of the nameless,
down at the gray and foul-smelling docks?
shunted into such a coffin ship as this,
and the eyes turning around,
staring back at that
green, despairing land
with the last of their bitter love.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
John Grey is an Australian born poet, works as financial systems analyst. Recently published in Poem, Caveat Lector, Prism International and the horror anthology, “What Fear Becomes” with work upcoming in Big Muddy, Prism International and Writer’s Journal.
B.Z. NIDITCH-
NEVER SLEEPING CITY
That nervous blind
of the blues
here at midnight
in packed clubs
living in the torque
and tongues of Bird
a stranger sweeps
by open doors
with a fugitive face
ashen with pale
runaway snow kisses
in spare arms
of chaos
asking to dance
she made up her own
downtrodden steps
in unfamiliar corners
on the clay floor
absorbed by whispers
in vigilante beats
against a graffiti wall
of a lost sax
taken up by flashlight
of mercenary love.
Very seriously
the first of winter
is here
emerging flakes
beside us
as blind snow
kisses chestnut trees
your eyes open
as volcanoes
on cold mountain air.
B.Z. NIDITCH is a poet, playwright, fiction writer and teacher. His work is widely published in journals and magazines throughout the world, including: Columbia: A Magazine of Poetry and Art, The Literary Review, Denver Quarterly, Hawaii Review, Le Guepard (France), Kadmos (France), Prism International, Jejune (Czech Republic), Leopold Bloom (Budapest), Antioch Review, and Prairie Schooner, among others. He lives in Brookline, Massachusetts.
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Graduations and Spoiler Alerts
The parronts feel like they've been besieged by graduations this month. They swear they don't know the entire graduating class of 2014, but it seems like it. Even the church wants to them to attend graduation celebrations, and they respectfully declined. They were so tired from driving upstate to celebrate their oldest nieces' graduation yesterday that they said they were "partied out" and needed to rest.
They're happy for all of the graduates they know. Don't doubt that they're proud of each and every one of them for their accomplishments. But when people celebrate everything from kindergarten to college, a fatigue can set in, and it can be too much of a good thing.
At least it's distracted mommy from spilling spoilers. She finished reading A Storm of Swords on vacation. That's the third book in the A Song of Ice and Fire series, and it's pretty much where the Game of Thrones series is at this season, so she knows what's going to happen. So far, she's been good about not spilling too much. All she said is that the trial by combat is epic, and that the Wildling battle is coming to The Wall (with Giants)- both things that the Internet has already spilled. And that several more surprises are coming and they, too, are epic (duh! It's Game of Thrones!) We appreciate her keeping it zipped. She's been so busy with her writing, housekeeping, and graduations that she hasn't had time to read much of A Feast for Crows yet, much to her dismay. Well, poor mommy. Write or read. What a choice! It's not like she can lose or make a wrong one, there.
That's all today. It's been a busy weekend, but we're hanging in there, making progress, and enjoying life. Congratulations to the Class of 2014. Here's hoping that what lies ahead is great. And when the going gets tough, there's always Game of Thrones to bring some awesome in your day. :)
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← Bishop Colton and Trustees Honour Warden of Lapp’s Court
Old to the New: Parishioners Walk to Church to Mark Clonakilty 400 →
New Curate for Bandon, Co. Cork
The Rector of Bandon Union of Parishes, the Reverend Denis MacCarthy, is delighted to announce that the Bishop has approved the nomination of a new curate for the Parish.
The Reverend David White, who is currently a Deacon, will commence his work in Bandon on 1st September and will be ordained priest by Bishop Colton on Saturday, 14th September 2013 at 11.30 a.m. in St Fin Barre’s Cathedral, Cork.
The Reverend David White
David White comes from a farming family near the Naul in North County Dublin. He has spent the last year as a Deacon serving as an Intern in the Edenderry Union of Parishes in the United Dioceses of Meath and Kildare where the Training Rector was the Rev. Lynda Peilow. David says he was fortunate that his ‘first experience of ordained ministry was with such an inspiring priest and pastor’.
After school David trained as a horticulturist in the National Botanic Gardens, Glasnevin, Dublin. He was fortunate to get a position there as a permanent member of staff and he specialised in Alpine flora. David was very happy there, but felt drawn to test a vocation to the monastic life with the Benedictines at Glenstal Abbey, Limerick.
Study has also been an important part of David’s journey. He has a B.A. (Hons.) in Theology and English from All Hallows College, an M.Phil. in Ecumenical Studies from Trinity College, as well as an M.Th. which is the training course for ordained ministry from the Church of Ireland Theological Institute.
Gardening is still very much part of David’s life and he is a member of the Royal Horticultural Society of Ireland. The rest of his free time is filled with watching Midsomer Murders and making elderflower champagne.
This entry was posted in Appointments, Bishop, Clergy, Diocese, Ordination. Bookmark the permalink.
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Miss Housekeeping, Mary Trump
Submitted by ub on Sat, 10/01/2016 - 04:03
This is not only being written around 3 in the morning for a symbolic reason, but it is also dedicated to anyone who may have worked as "Miss Housekeeping," including Trump's mom, Mary Anne Smith Macleod.
When The Donald used the term towards former Miss Universe, Alicia Machado it could have been a racist remark, but it was apparently also extremely dumb and very personal.
He may have tried to show the lack of respect he has for all immigrant workers who support their families as housekeepers and domestic laborers, just like his own mom who reportedly entered the country as a tourist, but apparently overstayed and wound up taking a job as a domestic worker for Trump's father.
Perhaps he may be trying to forget this, but before he was a little rich boy, his poor mom was reportedly working as a housekeeper. According to published reports, it allowed her the once in a lifetime opportunity to meet Trump's father, her future husband and to start a family in America.
Donald Trump may not value the dignity and work of immigrants like his own mom, even though he has obviously benefitted from their work, directly and indirectly. What is also HUGELY clear is that Donald doesn’t think before he speaks and perhaps has never known the first thing about the sacrifices required and the many difficulties associated with coming to a new country as a foreigner, as well as the dignity of completing a hard day of work.
So when Donald Trump attempts to denigrate anyone as “Miss Housekeeping,” it’s personal. Donald Trump not only insults his dear mother but apparently many other hardworking housekeepers and domestic workers everywhere.
The REAL story of Trump's Scottish immigrant mother is revealed http://dailym.ai/25eXYjM
The mysterious Mary Trump: The full untold story of how a young Scotswoman escaped to New York and… http://ntn.al/n1e
Donald Trump’s Immigrant Mother http://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/donald-trumps-immigrant-mother.
An inconvenient truth? Donald Trump's Scottish mother was a low-earning migrant http://ntn.al/n1c
The REAL story of Donald Trump's mother who climbed from penniless Scott... https://youtu.be/VrFDcuqAgiw
https://www.geni.com/people/Mary-Anne-Trump-MacLeod/6000000013186316923
Submitted by Anonymous (not verified) on Sat, 10/01/2016 - 04:16
The dumb Donald gets even dumber
Look who is calling the kettle black. What a real hypocrite.
MaMa's BoY: https://youtu.be/iVCaa8MsdOQ
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2 Pregnant Women Among Rising Measles Cases
The number of measles cases in NY has grown to 390, including two pregnant women, Health Department says. Full Story
The Health Department announced today that the number of measles cases has grown to 390, including two pregnant women diagnosed with the infection, one diagnosed in mid-April.
Of the 390 cases, 323 (83%) have occurred in Williamsburg (ZIP codes 11205, 11206, 11211, 11249), which has been under an Emergency Order to get vaccinated with the Measles-Mumps-Rubella vaccine (MMR) since April 12. A small number of cases have occurred outside of these neighborhoods but have, to date, not resulted in sustained transmission of measles. Twelve individuals have received summonses for being non-compliant with the Emergency Order since the City began issuing summonses last week. Any person receiving the summons is entitled to a hearing, and if the hearing officer upholds the summons, a $1,000 penalty will be imposed. Failing to appear at the hearing or respond to the summons will result in a $2,000 fine.
Health Commissioner Dr. Oxiris Barbot said, “We have now identified two expectant mothers who have contracted measles. These cases are stark reminders of why New Yorkers must get vaccinated against the measles as soon as possible. When we do not get vaccinated, we put our friends, our relatives, our neighbors, our classmates and other fellow New Yorkers at risk. We urgently repeat our plea to every New Yorker, especially those in the affected areas – unless you have a medical condition that prohibits you from doing so, please get vaccinated.”
“Currently, the outbreak remains intensely focused in Williamsburg where vaccination rates must continue to improve. While we’ve seen a few cases in people out of the Orthodox Jewish community, all but one of these individuals were exposed in Williamsburg and Borough Park and none of these have resulted in sustained transmission, mainly due to the power of herd immunity afforded by the high vaccination rates outside of the Williamsburg epicenter of this outbreak,” said Deputy Commissioner Dr. Demetre Daskalakis. “There’s no reason why a healthy child or adult should not be vaccinated against measles. We need to make sure that everyone who can get vaccinated, who doesn’t know their immunity status or vaccination history, gets the vaccine to protect themselves and those around them that can’t.”
The Health Department encourages all New Yorkers to make sure they are up to date with all age-appropriate vaccinations, including the MMR vaccine.
Today the Health Department has also issued a Health Alert to healthcare providers in NYC to provide additional updated citywide outbreak-related guidance to hasten the end of measles transmission. Updated outbreak-related guidance includes:
Updated guidance for adults who have not completed a two-dose series of a measles-containing vaccine, do not have immunization records or are not immune, if they reside or regularly spend time in Williamsburg or Borough Park or other areas with measles activity including New York State and international travel.
Updated guidance for children includes the following recommendations:
Administration of an early extra dose of MMR vaccine for children 6- 11 months old if they reside or regularly spend time in Williamsburg, Borough Park or Crown Height and areas with measles activity.
For Orthodox Jewish children 6- 11 months old, living in other neighborhoods, an extra dose of MMR should be considered.
Administration of the second dose of MMR vaccine for children 1-4 years old who have already gotten their first scheduled dose of MMR and who reside or regularly spend time in neighborhoods and areas with measles activity.
The Health Department has issued three prior Health Alerts to healthcare providers in the affected community and around the city. Additionally, the Health Department has specifically alerted obstetricians/gynecologists and other healthcare providers of the outbreak and recommended that pregnant women be screened for measles immunity. The Health Department also recommended that in instances where pregnant women have been exposed, woman’s measles immunity should be assessed quickly to determine if she should receive intravenous immune globulin (IVIG). In a past outbreak of measles, cases in pregnant women resulted in a baby being born with measles and a miscarriage.
Eight individuals, including the initial case, acquired measles while travelling abroad to Israel (5), the United Kingdom (2) and Ukraine (1), areas with active outbreaks, highlighting the need for MMR vaccination for individuals traveling overseas. A small number of cases have occurred outside of the Williamsburg and Borough Park neighborhoods at the core of the current outbreak. These cases have been diagnosed in residents of Midwood/Marine Park (4), Brighton Beach (2), Flushing (2), Crown Heights (1), Bensonhurst (1), Far Rockaway (1) and the Hunts Point, Longwood and Melrose section of The Bronx (1). Seven individuals who do not identify as members of the Orthodox Jewish community have been diagnosed with measles since the outbreak began in October. Of individuals who acquired measles in NYC, only one person diagnosed with measles during this outbreak, who lives in the Hunts Point, Longwood and Melrose section of The Bronx, does not report an exposure associated with the Orthodox Jewish community of Williamsburg, Borough Park, or other area with measles activity.
To stop the spread of measles in New York City, the Health Department on April 9 ordered adults and children ages 6 months and older who live, work or go to school in ZIP codes 11205, 11206, 11211 and 11249 receive a measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine within 48 hours. If non-compliant, the Health Department announced it would issue a civil summons to those in the affected ZIP codes who had not been vaccinated as of April 12.
Since the outbreak began in October, the Health Department has published ads and distributed educational materials specific to the Orthodox community in English and in Yiddish. The Department has met with rabbinical and community leaders, health care providers, and local elected officials to highlight the importance of getting vaccinated and the dangers of measles. The Health Department continues to perform extensive outreach in the community with a sixth round of robocalls that go out to about 30,000 households.
Shmira Volunteers Thanked for Wild Chase
Lottery for 50 Affordable Units
Get vaccinated or go live in the wilderness. Enough being selfish
Come on. There are def more than 1 case in crown heights. Someone is covering up. Big schools with many unvaccinated kids. Hopefully soon we can keep these kids out of all of our schools.
Vote Up5-10Vote Down Reply
Kids don’t need to be out of school they need to be vaccinated first of all, stay at home and learn online from local schools , it’s not their fault that their parents chooses not to vaccinate….
Strange that till now not all are cooperative....
Jews in Williamsburg are super smart and educated, unbelievable that they didn’t do MMR shots, I personally think that shots didn’t work for them yet when they got the measles, because in other articles was stated that most all who got measles did have shots ….
And if it’s an emergency why not all NY state doing same medical care and treatment, soon camps , upstate and Florida summer vacations and let’s see what the situation will be after Passover
Its ok to be a skeptic
The same people who are calling for Jews to be vaccinated, are the same people who don’t care about illegal immigration. The same people who say conservatives don’t believe in science, because they don’t believe in global warming, are the same people who believe that there are more than two genders and that it is OK to inject them with hormones or hormone blockers. The irony!!!
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Artist "Glass Tiger"
Label: Halo Entertainment Group, WM Canada
Label: Willow Music
Biography Glass Tiger
It’s 2018 and Glass Tiger have marked 31 years of making music together. To make this year extra special, the band has teamed up with Johnny Reid to release their upcoming album ‘31’. The album includes special guest contributions from Julian Lennon (“Thin Red Line”), Alan Doyle (“My Song”), Véronic DiCaire (“Someday”) and Susan Aglukark and David R. Maracle (“Diamond Sun”).
This year, Glass Tiger will be joining Johnny Reid on his ‘Revival Live’ tour across Canada. They will also be playing a few select dates across the country, including their debut show at Toronto’s Massey Hall.
After 31 years together, Glass Tiger has no plans to stop touring anytime soon. There’s no doubt the upcoming gigs will be something special!
It all began in the summer of 1984 when a band from Newmarket, Ontario called Tokyo spent two evenings opening for Boy George and Culture Club at Toronto’s Maple Leaf Gardens. Their dynamic, original sound captured the moment of the mid 80’s and they soon became a major force in suburban high schools and the Ontario club circuit. When a record deal was finally signed with Capitol Records, Tokyo officially became Glass Tiger.
With Jim Vallance (Bryan Adams; Aerosmith; Ozzy Osbourne) behind the boards, Glass Tiger was immediately introduced to the recording studio to work on their first album. ‘The Thin Red Line’ set a record for being the fastest selling debut recording in Canadian history, going gold within weeks of its release. As well as a Grammy nod for ‘Best New Artist’ in 1986. To date, this album has received four Platinum records in Canada and went Gold in the United States. One of Glass Tiger’s many hit singles “Don’t Forget Me (When I’m Gone)” yielded a #2 spot on Billboard, followed by “Someday” reaching #5. Both songs made Canadian history with Glass Tiger winning successive Juno’s a year apart for Single of the Year, from the same album.
Glass Tiger’s second release Diamond Sun, and third album, Simple Mission, solidified their reputation as being one of Canada’s better song crafters. Diamond Sun sported four charting singles: “Diamond Sun,” “I’m Still Searching,” “My Song,” and “(Watching) Worlds Crumble,” achieving Double Platinum status; while Simple Mission went Platinum, with “Animal Heart”, and the notable Celtic duet classic, “My Town”, featuring the legendary Rod Stewart.
Glass Tiger has toured with international music legends like Tina Turner in Europe, the ever popular Journey (with Steve Perry) in America and Roxette throughout Europe and Canada. Few bands can tour the world for 31 years, and still enjoy each other’s company. Glass Tiger are still going strong. An upcoming Canadian tour with Johnny Reid and a highly anticipated new album on it’s way, 2018 looks to be another strong year for the band.
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Psychologist Joshua Coleman, PhD talks about what to consider when you are deciding between staying together for the kids, or getting divorced
Parenting and Family Advice | Finding happiness when you stay together for the kids
Home » ALL PARENTS » Partnerships and Marriage » Building Strong Partnerships
Finding happiness when you stay together for the kids
So some people want to know, “Can I even be happy if I'm just staying together for the sake of the kids?” Only you can really answer that question. I would answer that question on the basis of how much pleasure and meaning you get from being a parent. For some people it is their core meaning and their core value. And if a divorce means that you can only see your kid half the time or as in many cases for fathers, maybe every other weekend or once a week or whatever, you really need to think carefully through that because it may mean that you’re going to be a lot unhappier in divorce than you are being married to somebody that you’re really unhappy with. So, often as Americans we think there’s some straight forward solution. Oh, you’re unhappy in your marriage, get divorced. You’re divorced, get remarried. Life doesn't work that way. In every situation with family life you have to think it through in a very comprehensive way. You have to think about all the different ways this is not only going to affect you, but affect you over the life course and affect your relationship with your children. Now, in some cases when parents divorce, their relationships with their children actually improve as in the case of a high conflict marriage or there’s some marital dynamics where the marriage actually makes it worse in terms of the parents’ relationship with their children. Studies show for example that dads in high conflict marriages retreat not only from their wives but also from their children. So that’s one of those cases where things may actually be better for you if you divorce. But the issue of can you be happy in an unhappy marriage, it really depends on you and your ability to contain your partner’s neuroses or the ways that they both you, your ability to have good friends and a good life and a rich life. You know, so much of what we do in the United States is to assume that we’re supposed to get so much joy and happiness and meaning from our marriages, and that’s really a very problematic idea - this whole soul-mate marriage idea - that our spouses are supposed to be not only hot sex partners but our therapist, our confidant, our sport partners and we’re way too dependent on our spouses for meaning. So this is particularly true if you’re in an unhappy marriage. You want to make sure that you’re diversified in terms of your areas of meaning and pleasure.
Video Categories: ALL PARENTS, Partnerships and Marriage, Building Strong Partnerships
How to bring out the best in both parents Tim Wheeler
How to co-parent with a work-a-holic Joshua Coleman, PhD
How to co-parent with a narcissist Joshua Coleman, PhD
When to stay married for the sake of the kids Joshua Coleman, PhD
Date night without hiring a sitter Whitney Moss
Making time for your partner after having a baby Julia Kantor, MFT
How to know if you need a marriage makeover Joshua Coleman, PhD
How to get your husband to do more housework and parenting Joshua Coleman, PhD
Dividing housework and parenting responsibilities Joshua Coleman, PhD
What to do if your partner denies their affair Joshua Coleman, PhD
Meet Joshua Coleman, PhD
How to co-parent with a work-a-holic
When to stay married for the sake of the kids
Co-parenting with a partner who is depressed
Co-parenting with a survivor of abuse
Confronting your parents when you're all grown up
Dividing housework and parenting responsibilities
Does high conflict mean we should break up
Failure to launch of adult children
Helping your child deal with the start of your second family
How to co-parent with a narcissist
How to deal with in-laws that you don't like
How to get your husband to do more housework and parenting
How to know if you need a marriage makeover
How to reach out during an estrangement
How to respond when your child rejects you
Presenting your parent with "terms" regarding the grandchildren
Reconciling with your child after traumatizing your child
Repairing after estrangement and avoiding round two
The best way to deal with conflict in a marriage
What to do after an affair in marriage
What to do if your partner denies their affair
What to do when your child chooses a partner you have concerns about
Why good parents get rejected by their grown children
Joshua Coleman, PhD
Author & Psychologist
Dr. Coleman is a psychologist in private practice in the San Francisco Bay Area and Co-Chair of the Council on Contemporary Families, a non-partisan organization composed of leading sociologists, historians, psychologists and demographers dedicated to providing the press and public with the latest research and best-practice findings about American families. He has lectured at Harvard University and The University of California at Berkeley and blogs on parent-adult child relationships for the U.C. Berkeley publication, Greater Good Magazine, the Huffington Post and Psychology Today.
Dr. Coleman is frequently contacted by the media for opinions and commentary about changes in the American family. He has been a frequent guest on the Today Show, NPR, and The BBC, and has also been featured on Sesame Street, 20/20, Good Morning America, PBS, AARP, America Online Coaches, and numerous news programs for FOX, ABC, CNN, and NBC television. His advice appears often in The New York Times, The Times of London, Fortune, Newsweek, The Chicago Tribune, Slate, Psychology Today, U.S. World and News Report, Parenting Magazine, The Baltimore Sun and many others.
He has served on the clinical faculties of The University of California at San Francisco, The Wright Institute Graduate School of Psychology, and the San Francisco Psychotherapy Research Group. He is the author of numerous articles and chapters and has written four books: When Parents Hurt: Compassionate Strategies When You and Your Grown Child Don't Get Along (HarperCollins) The Marriage Makeover: Finding Happiness in Imperfect Harmony (St. Martin's Press); The Lazy Husband: How to Get Men to Do More Parenting and Housework (St. Martin's Press); and Married with Twins: Life, Love and the Pursuit of Marital Harmony. His books have been translated into Chinese, Croatian, and Korean, and are also available in the U.K., Canada, and Australia. He is formerly a contributing editor to Twins Magazine.
Dr. Coleman is a sought-after public speaker on topics related to the family. He is also co-editor, along with historian Stephanie Coontz of the yearly online volume, Unconventional Wisdom: News You Can Use, a compendium of noteworthy research on the contemporary family, gender, sexuality, poverty, and work-family issues. He runs a popular webinar series for estranged parents and a free newsletter for parents, The Coleman Report.
Parenting expert on: Considering Divorce, Building Strong Partnerships, Parental Stress and Anger, Moving Out
More Parenting Videos from Joshua Coleman, PhD >
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Group Information Archives
Today's Cult Headlines
Cult News.com Weblog
Oklahoma Bomber Confessed to Catholic Priest
The priest who heard the last confession of the Oklahoma bomber Timothy McVeigh has said that meeting the terrorist responsible for killing 168 people strengthened his own faith.
The Universe Catholic Newspaper/August 18, 2006
Speaking at a workshop during the 2006 Interregional African-American Catholic Evangelization Conference, earlier in the month, Fr Charles Smith, a Divine Word priest, said that initially McVeigh proved hostile to the priest, making comments about him being black. But, he added that the more he persevered with his ministry the more McVeigh began to repent for his actions.
"When I first came in (to see him) I thought 'God is the owner of my life,' and I went to him and he threw his faeces on me and called me all types of names and said, 'You can't be a priest because I've never seen a you-know-what as a priest,'" said Fr Smith.
"He did a lot of things, but in the end we had confession, reconciliation. In the end he asked me a question a lot of people ask me. He asked, 'Father Charles, can I still get to heaven?'"
The priest said he responded, "I am not your judge," but reminded McVeigh that he had told him, "You must submit your will and ask God for true forgiveness. ... You knew there were a lot of innocent people and children in that building."
Fr Smith accompanied McVeigh to his execution on June 11, 2001, and said that the event changed his own life.
"The tears came running down. He was crying, I was crying because he did something that changed my life, too.
"As a man it's hard to ask but for him to ask for God's love and God's grace, that did something to me."
As he walked with McVeigh, Fr Smith said he remembered how, when he was a child, a porter told his light-skinned parents that he couldn't serve their "wicked children," who had darker skin, and how Mississippi restaurants refused to serve them.
"I remember my mom and dad say, 'Just be patient. God is going to make a way. God is going to change you. God is going to rise, and you're going to be raised up. Your life will be redeemed and your people (will be).' ... I remembered all of that, being with Timothy McVeigh."
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Tag Archives: Bedřich Smetana
Last Train to Tomorrow
World premieres don’t happen to me every day. And as Andy Ryans of the Hallé pointed out in his speech to the orchestra’s stuffers on Sunday afternoon, it was a first for our group. I’d been feeling despondent and worried he wouldn’t actually come and make his annual speech, but finally there he was, curtseying no less, and drinking two glasses of gin-free orange juice.
The Hallé did all right – but that doesn’t mean everything is absolutey fine and not worrying! – last year, and would have been stuffed without us. I think that’s what Andy meant.
This was a family concert, and the Bridgewater Hall was teeming with tiny future customers, but this was no Hallé light as far as the music was concerned. The theme was the Kindertransport, and conductor Carl Davis started off with Smetana’s Mẚ Vlast: Vltava, to signify where some of the Kinder came from.
At this point my companion, who shall remain anonymous, dozed off very slightly, but that’s why I have been equipped with elbows, and the situation was soon rectified. The livelier Brother Come and Dance with Me from Engelbert Humperdinck’s – the original one – Hänsel and Gretel, was beautifully sung by the Hallé Children’s Choir, wearing red shirts and really brightening up the choir seats.
The final piece of the first half was a lesson in orchestral instruments (which the stuffers had been deemed as not being in need of), courtesy of Benjamin Britten, assisted by six brand new actors from the MMU. Anyone who needed to know about woodwind or the banging of percussion players now do so. Hopefully this will have provided interesting facts for any newbies in the audience. (And on a personal note, I was very pleased to see Roberto Carillo-García in his original place where I could see him clearly.)
I have a dreadful confession to make. I was feeling pretty cynical about this world premiere thing. I felt that regardless of what Carl Davis’s specially commissioned piece for the Hallé Children’s Choir actually turned out to be like, a polite audience would applaud to order and we would be none the wiser.
Carl Davis admitted to being nervous. Maybe he was, but this showman always seems very sure of himself. Today he wore a bright blue coat, except for the second half when he changed into black, which was more suited to the occasion.
For Last Train to Tomorrow the children of the choir came onto the stage, to act as children on a train, and the actors, Amy Cameron, Jack Coen, Lowenna Melrose, Lucas Smith, Sinead Parker and Will Finlason joined them there. Their words as well as the songs were written by Hiawyn Oram.
The actors told the brief story of what the Kinder of the Kindertransport went through, from Kristallnacht until their arrival in England. The choir sang beautifully and with feeling, with the odd solo bringing the attention to individual children and what happened to them. There was nothing new in all this. We have all read the stories, and many of us know it from novels about this period in history.
But that didn’t detract from the effect Carl’s piece had on us. I’m afraid I have to say that after a while I didn’t hear his music, nor the doubtlessly expert playing by the orchestra. That’s because what the children sang and the actors acted out was so strong and touching that you simply had no room for musical excellence.
It is time to eat my words. Not only was this a fantastic new piece and a great performance, more than deserving of honest applause, but the audience had the good taste and sense to know that it required a standing ovation. This went on for some time, which was good, because there is much repair work that can be done with a sleeve in the dark. My cheeks were almost dry when the time came to leave.
I’d like to think that in years to come, I’ll enjoy being able to say I was present at the premiere.
Needless to say, after so much ovation, we didn’t make the five o’clock train home. But it’s good to remember that 10,000 children made it to their train to England. (Carl made a reference to what things are like today. I suspect he wanted to make a point about what has become of us.)
Posted in Concerts, Drama, Music, Travel
Tagged Amy Cameron, Bedřich Smetana, Benjamin Britten, Bridgewater Hall, Carl Davis, Engelbert Humperdinck, Hallé, Hallé Children's Choir, Hiawyn Oram, Jack Coen, Lowenna Melrose, Lucas Smith, MMU, Roberto Carrillo-García, Sinead Parker, War, Will Finlason
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Visual Agnosia Is Why The Man Mistook His Wife For A Hat
Written by Reuben Westmaas
We've told you about prosopagnosia, or face blindness, which is a condition that's pretty difficult to live with. But the inability to tell people's faces apart is a walk in the park compared to visual agnosia. Imagine having perfectly clear vision, but not being able to tell if you were looking at the person that you married or an article of clothing. Meet the man depicted in Oliver Sacks's famous book, "The Man Who Mistook His Wife For A Hat."
A Convoluted Red Form by Any Other Name Would Smell As Sweet
"About six inches in length. A convoluted red form with a linear green attachment... [It's] not easy to say [what it is]. It lacks the simple symmetry of the Platonic solids, although it may have a higher symmetry of its own." This is Dr. P, who neurologist Dr. Oliver Sacks diagnosed with visual agnosia, attempting to describe... something. Do you have any idea what it is? Neither did he — until he took a sniff. "Beautiful!" he said, finally. "An early rose. What a heavenly smell!"
The thing about Dr. P and other people with visual agnosia is that they can see perfectly fine. They just can't put what they're seeing together into a coherent picture. That's why Dr. P had no problem identifying geometric shapes, or describing the individual parts of a rose, but couldn't identify how those parts added up to a beautiful flower.
That's frustrating if you're trying to buy Dr. P a romantic bouquet, or if you're waiting for him to find his glove (which until he got it on, he described as "a continuous surface infolded on itself. It appears to have five outpouchings, if this is the word.") But imagine if you're his wife. There's a pretty good chance he won't recognize you at all. He might not even realize you're a human being.
In the book's titular incident, Dr. P attempted to lift his own wife's head from her shoulders, believing that she was the hat that he had worn to his appointment. In Dr. Sacks' words, "His wife looked as if she was used to such things." We understand why she insisted he go in to see the doctor.
A World in Bits and Pieces
This isn't the same thing as face blindness. People with that condition can recognize that something is a face, they just have a hard time telling faces apart.
Visual agnosia is the strongest expression of agnosia, an umbrella term for the inability to process sensory information. A person with this condition experiences the entire world in little bits and pieces, and has to put them together on their own. If one of those pieces is particularly prominent, they might have an easier time doing so — you just need to see the chin to know you're talking to Bruce Campbell.
But sometimes even recognizing one prominent feature can lead you far astray. In one experiment, Dr. Sacks showed Dr. P a photograph of the Sahara desert. There's no way to know what, but something in the barren picture made Dr. P think of a river. From there, he began to "see" many other things — people dining on the river bank, expansive terraces, and even colorful parasols. It shows the danger of jumping to conclusions, but somebody with this condition doesn't have many other options.
Want to find out more about agnosia? Check out Oliver Sacks' "The Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat", where you'll also meet a man who has been unable to form new memories since World War II, and a pair of mathematical savants on the autism spectrum who seem to have an innate sense of prime numbers.
Oliver Sacks on Manipulating the Brain
– Big Think
Written by Reuben Westmaas November 26, 2017
This Rare Condition Can Give You a Foreign Accent
Scientists Are Boosting Human Memory With a Brain Implant
Memory Neurology
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Right to Privacy Current Affairs - 2019
Review petition in SC against the Aadhaar verdict
Imtiyaz Ali Palsaniya has filed a review petition in Supreme Court against the Aadhaar verdict in which the Supreme Court had upheld the constitutional validity of the Aadhaar.
SC Verdict on Aadhaar
A five-judge constitution bench while upholding the constitutional validity of Aadhaar had struck down various provisions of the in the Aadhaar Act. Important features of the Aadhaar verdict are:
Supreme Court had said that sufficient security measures are taken to protect data and it is difficult to launch surveillance on citizens on the basis of Aadhaar.
Then CJI Deepak Mishra had asked the government to provide more security measures as well as reduce the period of storage of data.
Centre was asked to bring a robust law for data protection as soon as possible.
The Supreme Court had said that Aadhaar cannot be made mandatory for openings of a bank account and to get mobile connections.
The Supreme Court had upheld the mandatory linking of PAN with Aadhaar and Aadhaar was made mandatory for filing income tax returns.
The government was asked to ensure that illegal migrants are not issued Aadhaar to get benefits of social welfare schemes.
Private companies can’t ask for Aadhaar.
The Supreme Court had struck down the provision in Aadhaar law allowing sharing of data on the ground of national security.
The Supreme Court had also upheld the passage of the Aadhaar Bill as a Money Bill by the Parliament.
The petitioner claims that he had filed two impleadment applications on the issue and the Court had failed to consider the grounds raised while delivering the Aadhaar Verdict.
Month:Current Affairs - December, 2018 Categories: Constitution & Law
Tags: Aadhaar Act • Aadhaar Verdict • Money Bill • Right to Privacy
Supreme Court declares right to privacy as Fundamental right under constitution
The nine-judge Constitution Bench of the Supreme Court headed by Chief Justice of India JS Khehar in a landmark unanimous decision has declared right to privacy a fundamental right under the constitution.
With this, the apex court overruled its own previous eight-judge Bench and six-judge Bench judgments of M.P. Sharma and Kharak Singh delivered in 1954 and 1961, respectively, both of which had pronounced that the right to privacy is not protected under the constitution.
The apex court ruled that right to privacy is an intrinsic part of Right to Life and Personal Liberty under Article 21 and entire Part III of the Constitution. It overruled the apex court’s earlier two judgements that right to privacy is not protected under the Constitution.
The apex court also had voiced concern over the possible misuse of personal information in the public domain. The question whether Aadhaar violates right to privacy will be dealt with by the five-judge bench which has been hearing the petitions since 2015.
The Supreme Court of India’s judgment gains international significance as privacy enjoys a robust legal framework internationally, though India had earlier remained circumspect. The judgment finally reconcile Indian laws with the spirit of Article 12 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) and Article 17 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), 1966, which legally protects persons against the arbitrary interference with one’s privacy, honour and reputation, family, home and correspondence.
Month:Current Affairs – August, 2017 Categories: Governance & Politics
Tags: Article 21 • Fundamental Rights • National • Right to Privacy • Supreme Court
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Category Archives: Tax Fraud
Empty Shells
December 3, 2018 Affinity Fraud, Concealment of Assets, Forensic Accounting, Fraud Examination, Tax Fraud, theinnerauditor Blogaffinity fraud, Asset Concealment, forensic accounting, fraud examination, tax evasion, tax fraudclawver
I attended an out of town presentation not too long ago on investment and tax avoidance scams targeting well-to-do retirees. An especially interesting portion of the CFE presenter’s presentation (a recent retiree himself), focused on the use of paper or shell corporations and companies as tools by the perpetrators of such schemes.
Our presenter emphasized that regulators and other law enforcement personnel attempt to identify instances of fraud against retirees and others in order to prosecute the perpetrator and return the fraudulently obtained goods to the victims. However, such frauds tend to be an under-reported crime as victims may be embarrassed that they easily fell prey to the fraudster or may remain connected to the offender because of the engendered trust cultivated. Reluctance to report the crime can stem from a belief that the fraudster will ultimately do the right thing and return any fees or funds. In order to stop such fraud, regulators and law enforcement must be able to detect and identify crime, caution potential investors, and prevent future frauds by taking appropriate legal actions against the perpetrators.
He went on to say that one of the foremost reasons for the existence of the underground economy is to escape taxation, which in some countries can be as high as 51 percent of a person’s nominal income. Swiss bankers have a saying, “There would be no tax havens without tax hells.” As the rate of taxation increases, so does the cost of honesty. The higher the tax burden, the more incentive people have to attempt evading those taxations. Because it is illegal, tax evasion always involves financial secrecy.
Every few years the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) releases its top 12 most blatant tax scams affecting American taxpayers. Over the years the Service has repeatedly warned retirees not to fall for schemes peddled by scammers for the avoidance of taxes featuring the use of dummy corporations (or shells) associated with off-shore accounts in tax havens and emphasizing that there is no secret trick that can eliminate any senior’s tax obligations. Every tax payer should be wary of anyone peddling any of these scams.
The IRS aggressively pursues taxpayers and promoters involved in promoting abusive offshore transactions to wealthy seniors. Such promoters pitch seniors in the use of methods to avoid or evade U.S. income tax by hiding income through shells with accounts in offshore banks, brokerage accounts, or through other entities. Such actively promoted scams feature the use of offshore debit cards, credit cards, wire transfers, foreign trusts, employee-leasing schemes, and private annuities or life insurance plans. The IRS has also identified the use of shells in abusive offshore schemes including those that involve use of electronic funds transfer and payment systems, offshore business merchant accounts and private banking relationships.
But, as our speaker pointed out, shell companies aren’t just for big and medium-sized tax evaders anymore. They have become the financial and deception vehicle of choice for some of the most corrupt, dangerous and ruthless individuals and entities on the planet. Arms dealers, drug cartels, corrupt politicians, scammers, terrorists and cybercriminals are just a few of the most creative and frequent users of shells.
It’s also important to emphasize that not all shell companies are used for nefarious purposes; assurance professionals and investigators need to be aware that there are legitimate uses for these entities, such as using one as a holding company or creating a shell company (in name) to preserve future business rights or opportunities. Not every shell is involved in a criminal conspiracy, so it’s important to understand why someone might use a shell for criminal purposes.
The primary purpose of the use of a shell in a fraud scheme is like that of the fraud itself: to conceal fraudulent activity. This may include the nature, origin, or destination of misappropriated funds and/or concealment of the true owners and decision-makers of a criminal act or conspiracy.
In many instances, one shell company isn’t enough; fraudsters create networks. Dozens of shells, nominee directors, addresses and fake shareholders might be required to fully conceal a scheme or criminal plot. Big-time criminal conspirators will utilize shell incorporators to do the heavy lifting and help create a corporate web of disguise that can perplex and confuse even the best of investigators.
Shells can come in all different shapes and sizes, and the jurisdiction in which they reside can help further the concealment. Some fraudsters create shell companies for single uses and then discard them. Or they may use them repeatedly and have them change hands multiple times. They also may form what our speaker dubbed shelf companies and not use them for a period of time. A shelf company has a better chance of appearing legitimate and fooling a novice investigator or basic due diligence mechanisms because it appears to have existed longer than it really has. An older shelf could have a creation date predating any specific areas of investigative concern, which would allow it to engage in business activities when it otherwise couldn’t without arousing suspicion.
Given the intent, with a small sum of money, time and patience, fraudsters can set up a very elaborate web of shell companies in little time. But establishing the company name is only the first step in creating a shell network of deception. The company needs nominee directors and shareholders, often illegitimate, to further the concealment.
Scammers use nominee directors, and in some instances, other shell companies, to disguise true owners of entities while giving the appearance of legitimacy. Some nominees simply sell their names to fraudsters who use them on company documents. Others actually provide limited services for the shell companies such as processing corporate records, signing for company documents and forwarding mail. These nominee directors are the linchpins to linking and disguising international criminal organizations and operatives. Their use is so widespread that IRS conducted searches among entities frequently disclose nominee directors crossing paths. Some are even listed as directors for the same shell entities.
So what does our speaker recommend that individual CFEs do if we think that one of our clients may be unwittingly doing business with a nefarious shell?
— A shell company can be set up practically anywhere, but successful incorporators have learned to use particular countries and regions. Advantages can include lack of government enforcement or specific laws protecting corporate secrecy. A good source of a high-risk country list is the U.S. State Department’s annual list of major money-laundering countries.
— Use SWIFT codes – a SWIFT code is a unique identifier that’s associated with particular financial and non-financial institutions around the world. If you can identify the SWIFT code for the financial entities the suspected shell is dealing with, you might consider monitoring for any funds originating from or being disbursed to these banks or check to see if any of your client’s customers/vendors have bank accounts associated with these specific institutions.
–Review all available internal data that contains contact, banking, address and ownership information, such as vendor/customer data, wire transfer data, ship to/ship from locations for sales and purchases, purchase orders and invoice support documentation.
Look for :
• Information that doesn’t make sense given the nature of the business relationship with the entity.
• Entity information mismatch: address, phone, fax, ship to, bank, cell contact, etc. in different geographic locations.
• No discernible online presence when compared to the goods/services and the amount of money changing hands.
• The entity “representative” is associated with numerous other companies.
• Payment is made to or received from an unrelated third party. Review incoming/outgoing wire transfer documents.
Our speaker summarized that involvement with shell companies and those associated with them can be very bad news for any of our client companies. Fraudsters within your client organization might make use of them as vehicles of corruption or asset diversion. External perpetrators can passively use them as money-laundering vehicles against your client organization.
All assurance professionals should attempt to stay current with the latest types of abuse associated with the shell company model, trends in international corruption, fraud and asset diversion, and money laundering. ACFE training is, as usual, an excellent resource to do this. To the extent possible, try to screen information on your client’s customers, vendors and employees on an on-going basis. Cross-reference known bad actors and shell companies in the news against the entities with which your clients are doing business. Contact authorities if you and/or your client determine that it has become the victim of a shell company related scheme.
Overhanging Liabilities
April 2, 2017 Ethics, Financial Fraud, Forensic Accounting, Fraud Examination, Fraud Prevention, Tax Fraud, theinnerauditor Blogfinancial fraud, forensic accounting, fraud examination, tax evasion, tax fraudclawver
Most experienced CFE’s are familiar with financial fraud cases involving the overhanging liabilities represented by artfully constructed schemes to avoid income taxes since multiple ACFE training courses over the years have focused on the topic in detail. But for those new to fraud examination and to the Central Virginia Chapter, a little history. Before 2002, accounting firms would provide multiple services to the same firm. Hired by the shareholders, they would audit the financial statements that were prepared by management, while also providing consulting services to those same managers. Some would also provide tax advice to the managers of audit clients. However, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX) restricted the type and the intensity of consulting services that could be provided to the management of audit clients because the provision of such services might compromise the objectivity of the auditor when auditing the financial statements prepared by client management on behalf of the shareholders. Nevertheless, both before and after the passage of SOX, as subsequently reported in the financial press, both the major accounting firms Ernst & Young (E&Y) and KPMG were offering very aggressive tax shelters to wealthy taxpayers as well as to the senior managers of their audit clients.
In the 1990s, E&Y had created four tax shelters that they were selling to wealthy individuals. One Of them, called E.C.S., for Equity Compensation Strategy, resulted in little or no tax liability for the taxpayer. The complicated tax plan was a means of delaying, for up to thirty years, paying taxes on the profits from exercising employee stock options that would otherwise be payable in the year in which the stock options were exercised. E&Y charged a fee of 3 percent of the amount that the taxpayer invested in the tax shelter, plus $50,000 to a law firm for a legal opinion that said that it was “more likely than not” that the shelter would survive a tax audit. E&Y had long been the auditor for Sprint Corporation. They also took on as clients William Esrey and Ronald LeMay, the top executives at Sprint. In 2000 E&Y received:
$2.5 million for the audit of Sprint,
$2.6 million for other services related to the audit;
$63.8 million for information technology and other consulting services, and
$5.8 million from Esrey and LeMay for tax advice.
In 1999 Esrey announced a planned merger of Sprint with WorldCom that potentially would have made the combined organization the largest telecommunications company in the world. The deal was not consummated because it failed to obtain regulatory approval. Nevertheless, Esrey and LeMay were awarded stock options worth about $3ll million. E&Y sold an E.C.S. to each of the two executives. In the three years from 1998 to 2000, the options profits for Esrey were $159 million and the tax that would have been payable had he not bought the tax shelter amounted to about $63 million. The options profits for LeMay were $152.2 million and the tax thereon about $60.3 million.
Subsequently, the Internal Revenue Service rejected the E&Y tax shelter of each man. Sprint then asked the two executives to resign, which they did. Sprint also dismissed E&Y as the company’s auditor. On July 2, 2003, E&Y reached a $15 million settlement with the IRS regarding their aggressive marketing of tax shelters. Then, in 2007, four E&Y partners were charged with tax fraud. These four partners worked for an E&Y unit called VIPER, “value ideas produce extraordinary results,” later renamed SISG, “strategic individual solutions group.” Its purpose was to aggressively market tax shelters, known as Cobra, Pico, CDS, and CDS Add-Ons, to wealthy individuals, many of whom acquired their fortunes in technology-related businesses. These four products were sold to about 400 wealthy taxpayers from 1999 to 2001 and generated fees of approximately $121 million. The government claims that the tax shelters were bogus and taxpayers were reassessed for taxes owed as well as for related penalties and interest.
On August 26, 2005, KPMG in turn agreed pay a fine of $456 million for selling tax shelters from 1996 through 2003 that fraudulently generated $11 billion in fictitious tax losses that cost the government at least $2.5 billion in lost taxes. The four tax shelters went by the acronyms FLIP, OPIS, BLIPS, and SOS. Under the Bond Linked Premium Issue Structure (BLIPS), for example, the taxpayer would borrow money from an offshore bank and invest in a joint venture that would buy foreign currencies from that same offshore bank. About two months later, the joint venture would then sell the foreign currency back to the bank, creating a tax loss. The taxpayer would then declare. a loss for tax purposes on the BLIPS investment. The way that BLIPS were structured, the taxpayer only had to pay $1.4 million to declare a $20 million loss for tax purposes. BLIPS were targeted at wealthy executives who would normally pay between $10 million and $20 million in taxes.
Buying a BLIPS, however, effectively reduced the investor’s taxable income to zero. They were sold to 186 wealthy individuals and generated at least $5 billion in tax losses. The FLIP and OPIS involved investment swaps through the Cayman Islands, and SOS was a currency swap like the BLIPS. The government contended that these were sham transactions since the loans and investments were risk-free. Their sole purpose was to artificially reduce taxes. Some argued that the KPMG tax shelters were so egregious that the accounting firm should be put out of business. However, Arthur Andersen had collapsed in 2002, and if KPMG failed, then there would be only three large accounting firms remaining: Deloitte, PricewaterhouseCoopers, and Ernst & Young. KPMG Chairman, Timothy Flynn, said “the firm regretted taking part in the deals and sent a message to employees calling the conduct inexcusable. KPMG remained in business, but the firm was fined almost a half billion dollars.
Because of the Ernst & Young and KPMG tax fiascos, the large accounting firms have become wary of marketing very aggressive tax shelters. Now, most shelters are being sold by tax “boutiques” that operate on a much smaller scale and so are less likely to be investigated by the IRS. The question that remains, however, is to what extent should professional accountants be selling services that directly or indirectly abet even lawful tax avoidance which, as the ACFE tells us, can so easily shade into what the IRS calls tax evasion?
It’s Not Just About Tax Avoidance
April 10, 2016 Bribery & Corruption, Concealment of Assets, Ethics, Financial Fraud, Fraud Examination, Tax Fraud, theinnerauditor Blogconcealment of assets, fraud examination, Fraud Prevention, money launderingclawver
Register Today for Investigating on the Internet – May 18-19 2016 RVACFES Seminar!
The ACFE tells us that countries in virtually all parts of the world, but especially those located in the Caribbean and South Pacific, are commonly regarded as tax havens. A tax haven is a country whose laws, regulations, traditions, and treaty arrangements make it possible for a person to reduce his or her overall tax burden. Secrecy is basically supplied by such countries in two ways.
1) Domestic bank secrecy laws: Laws which bar insight by outsiders;2) Blocking statutes: Statutes which effectively prevent the disclosure, copying, inspection, or removal of documents located in the host country in compliance with orders issued by foreign authorities.
Moreover, in many countries, legal depositions may not be taken on national territory in connection with judicial proceedings being undertaken abroad. Many countries, such as the United Kingdom, France, South Africa, Germany, Australia, Norway, and Canada have comprehensive statutes to guard their sovereignty from the extraterritorial reach of foreign authorities. Although these countries are not generally thought of as tax havens they have laws which can be used by the asset hider. In addition to asset hiding, some foreign countries have a legal, banking, or economic climate that provides an excellent site for laundering money. Historically, places such as Panama, the Cayman Islands, the Bahamas, Switzerland, and the Netherlands Antilles have been associated with hidden bank accounts, fictitious corporations, and money laundering.
The most popular off-shore jurisdictions in the news recently are:
Countries like Panama with relatively small, open economies have often embraced the financial secrecy business as a way of promoting economic development. With some notable exceptions, these countries are geographically isolated with a narrow production concentrated on a few major commodities, usually for export. This tends to make them vulnerable to adverse climatic conditions and international market development. It also limits their ability to produce an adequate domestic market, invest in an infrastructure, attract foreign direct investment, and gain access to a diversified mix of importers and exporters.
It’s important for CFE’s to understand the general concept of a financial center with regard to financial havens. Financial centers are of two types:
–A functional center is defined as country where transactions are actually undertaken and the value added is created in the design and delivery of financial services. Examples of functional centers include New York, London, Singapore, Bahrain, and Hong Kong.
–A booking center is defined as a country where transactions are recorded but the value added involved is actually created elsewhere. Examples in this category include Panama, the Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Seychelles, and Vanuatu.
Accordingly, the ACFE classifies the tax havens of the world into four broad categories:
No Tax Havens – these countries have no income, capital gains or wealth taxes. It’s legal to incorporate and/or form a trust. The governments of these countries do earn revenue from corporate registration fees, annual fees and a charge on the value of corporate shares. Examples of “no tax” havens are the Bahamas, Bermuda, the Cayman Islands, Nauru, the Turks, Caicos and Vanuatu.
No Tax on Foreign Income Havens – These countries impose income taxes, but only on locally derived income. Any income earned from foreign sources that involves no local business activity (apart from simple housekeeping and bookkeeping matters) is exempt from taxation. There are two types of “no tax on foreign income” havens. Those that:
–allow corporations to conduct both internal and external business, taxing only the income from internal sources;
–require a decision at the time of incorporation as to whether the company will conduct local business or will act only as a foreign corporation. If the company elects the latter option, it will be exempt from taxation. If it chooses to conduct local business, it incurs the appropriate tax liabilities. Examples are Panama, Liberia, Jersey, Guernsey, the Isle of Man, Gibraltar, Costa Rica and Hong Kong.
Low Tax Havens – These are countries that impose some income tax on company income, wherever it is earned. However, most have double taxation agreements with “high tax” countries. This agreement can reduce the withholding tax on the income derived from a high tax country by local corporations. Examples of “low tax” havens are Cypress, the British Virgin Islands and the Netherlands Antilles.
Special Tax Havens – Special tax havens are countries that impose all or most of the usual taxes, but either allow concessions to certain types of companies, or allow specialized types of corporate organizations such as the flexible corporate arrangements offered by Liechtenstein. Tax havens offering special privileges for holding companies are Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, the Netherlands and Austria.
Understanding the role of tax havens, involves distinguishing between two basic sources of income:
–Return on labor
The return on labor refers to earnings from salary, wages, and professional services – your work. Return on capital describes the return from investments such as dividends from shares of stocks; interest on bank deposits, loans or bonds; rental income; and royalties on patents. Placing “return on capital” income in certain tax havens can benefit the secrecy seeker. By forming a corporation or trust in a tax haven this income may become tax-free or be taxed at such a low rate that the taxation is hardly noticeable.
In the case of Panama, for example, off-shore banking and incorporation are a major source of revenue. It’s also a good country for laundering drug money through its banks. It was reported by the financial trade press some years ago that at one time $200-$300 million a month was laundered through Panamanian banks. Panama is one of the most effective off-shore havens for money-launderers, offering tremendous secrecy. As the Panama papers seem to bear out, its banking haven business has always been regarded as supplemental to its status as a tax haven.
Before asset hiders and money launderers can utilize off-shore secrecy havens, they must first establish secret off-shore bank accounts. The off-shore account provides asset protection because the existence of such an account will not readily be known by someone seeking to collect against assets. Foreign banks, regulated by their own authorities, are under no obligation to inform the fraudster’s home country bank examiners of the ownership of the accounts they hold. Even if the existence of an off-shore account does come to light, judgments from home country courts are generally invalid in foreign countries, so creditors normally have to get a judgment in the country where the account is located. This allows time for the individual to fight the action or, unless the court immediately issues an order prohibiting the transfer of assets, simply move the assets out of the account.
So why do fraudsters and others secretly move money off-shore? Not just tax avoidance. There are many additional benefits of doing so, extending well beyond simple tax avoidance:
–Off-shore bank accounts allow an individual to invest in foreign stocks and mutual funds that are not registered with home country government agencies;
–In some instances, off-shore bank accounts offer more flexible customer options than home country accounts;
–The account can be used to profit from currency fluctuations, buy stocks from mutual funds, purchase foreign real estate, and earn the high interest rates available in many foreign countries;
–Foreign accounts are used to trade precious metals and other assets through the banking system;
–For U.S. citizens, off-shore banking income is not presently considered “subpart F income” on U.S. tax returns. The profits accumulate in the off-shore bank and are compounded free of U.S. taxes;
–Most off-shore banks allow transactions to be conducted by mail, fax, or telex.
Keeping money in off-shore bank accounts is generally considered to be a safe move. On the rare occasion when a bank fails, in most developed countries the major banks in the country will take over its business to ensure that depositors do not lose any money. Some countries even have stronger capital requirements for banks than the United States.
The off-shore financial safe haven sector constantly evolves and adds more attractive customer services over time, just like every other dynamic market place that wants to retain and grow its customer base. To effectively investigate the role off-shoring plays in many high profile frauds, CFE’s need to realize that tax avoidance is often just the tip of the concealment iceberg.
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The Smallest Corpse Flower
A relatively tiny member of the Rafflesia genus of giant corpse flowers has just been discovered.
Rafflesia consueloae
Photo credit: Edwino S. Fernando
By: James MacDonald
Botanists exploring a mountainous region in the Philippines recently stumbled across an unusually small corpse flower. The flower, red and about four inches across, was discovered by accident in a recently logged area of rainforest. To date, it is the smallest known example of the genus Rafflesia, commonly known as corpse flowers. Four inches is not a small flower, but it is tiny compared to some of its cousins.
Rafflesia flowers are found throughout tropical Southeast Asia, primarily the Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand. The best known is the immense Rafflesia arnoldi, named for its discoverer, Joseph Arnold, a botanist and doctor in the Royal Navy who came across the first specimen in 1818. Before succumbing to tropical fever just days later, Arnold had this to say about his first glimpse of the flower “… Had I been alone, and had there been no witnesses, I should, I think, have been fearful of mentioning the dimensions of this flower.” Arnold thought his state of mind would be questioned because he reported finding a 15-pound flower. In fact, R. arnoldi’s single flower can be three feet across and weigh up to 36 pounds. It is by far the world’s largest flower, and the Rafflesia genus as a whole boasts all of the world’s largest flowers.
Size isn’t the only strange feature of these giants. Rafflesia are parasitic; like orchids or misletoe, they obtain their nutrients entirely from a host vine and do not root directly in the ground. They smell horrendous. In fact, the smell has been compared to roadkill. The awful smell attracts flies, which act as the flowers’ pollinators. The flies burrow into the foul bloom just as they would burrow into a dead animal. Rafflesia flowers are rare, so they need to be able to attract pollinators across great distances. Both a male and a female flower are required, so the odor must be extra ripe in order to attract the pollinators to multiple flowers. The horrible smell has one other advantage: the bloom is short lived, so the flower cannot risk being eaten during this critical time. The smell strongly discourages herbivores.
Much about Rafflesia remains mysterious. Their evolutionary relationships to other plants are unclear. Their conservation status is also murky, but they seem to be naturally uncommon. These incredible plants unfortunately face the pressures of habitat loss. Moreover, they’re popular with tourists and traditional medicine purveyors who disturb them.
Annals of BotanyScience News
The Science of Big, Weird Flowers
By: Susan Milius
Science News, Vol. 156, No. 11 (Sep. 11, 1999), pp. 172-174
Society for Science & the Public
Plant Cuttings: News in Botany: Nigel Chaffey presents a round-up of plant-based items from the world's media
By: Nigel Chaffey
Annals of Botany, Vol. 105, No. 2 (February 2010), pp. iii-vi
Where Are You From? Check Your Parasites
People and birds carry their specific parasites around the world.
A Curious Reader asks: How exactly does exposure to sunlight cause the the human body to synthesize Vitamin D3?
Cultural explanations for alcoholism have changed significantly throughout the years, sometimes blaming social problems, sometimes psychological.
A giant squid sighting has us wondering all over again: how on earth do deep-sea creatures get so large?
Will the U.S. Ever Catch a High-Speed Train?
Over 20 countries have high-speed train travel, carrying 1.6 billion passengers a year. The United States is lagging behind.
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Szijjarto urges global cooperation in countering terrorism
Austria defends its borders by using violence, if Germans tighten
New York, October 1 (MTI) – Countering terrorism in the Middle East is only possible by global cooperation, Foreign Minister Peter Szijjarto said at a special UN Security Council session on countering terrorist threats, in New York City on Wednesday.
It has been proven that even the most difficult global problems can be solved through international cooperation, but is not possible without the inclusion of Russia, Szijjarto said.
He said that the Syrian conflict, the primary source of Europe’s migration pressure, cannot be resolved unless the transatlantic alliance rethinks its relations with Russia.
Szijjarto said Europe’s migration crisis was the European Union’s most serious challenge since its establishment, adding that a total of 30-35 million people could make their way to the continent from the world’s crisis-ridden countries.
The minister said it is the international community’s shared interest to avoid the destabilisation of Europe under the migration pressure. He said the key to preventing such a scenario is to stabilise the Middle East and North Africa, adding that one of the most important tasks before the international community is to step up efforts against the Islamic State (IS) militant group.
Szijjarto noted that the Hungarian contingent of troops serving in the Kurdistan region of northern Iraq will participate in training the Kurdish Peshmerga forces to fight IS.
Another key task is ending the Syrian civil war, which requires international cooperation, Szijjarto said.
Hungary to initiate review of EU-Ukraine association agreement
Foreign Minister Péter Szijjártó would initiate the review of the…
Europe, Hungary need Turkey to be stable, says foreign minister
Ankara, August 23 (MTI) – Europe and Hungary have a…
National security committee session postponed due to government no-show
Deputies of the ruling parties did not show up for…
BREAKING NEWS – EU court dismisses Hungary, Slovakia migrant case – UPDATE
BREAKING NEWS! #migration #hungary #slovakia #European #Court of #Justice
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In any event, Drayton Hall was spared the burning, and life went on, albeit with massive changes, until 1974 when the plantation was purchased by the National Trust for Historic Preservation. I have always admired the Drayton family for their courage in selling the family "seat" to the National Trust, which has enabled the property and house to be preserved and the stories of the Draytons and the enslaved people who lived there to unfold.
In 1676, two families, the Draytons and the Foxes, came from Barbados to Carolina on the same ship. Stephen Fox's daughter Ann and the Drayton's eldest son Thomas met and married. Fox held a large land grant on the Ashley River, now known as Magnolia Plantation and Gardens, which he gave to the young couple.
Ann and Thomas Drayton had several children, one of whom was John Drayton. Since the law of primogeniture followed the English to Carolina, John's eldest brother would inherit Magnolia. John later purchased substantial acreage next to Magnolia's holdings on the Ashley River and by 1752 had completed the plantation house known as Drayton Hall, a building many consider to be the finest example of Georgian Palladian architecture in America.
Drayton Hall has never had any running water or electricity, and, where needed, the National Trust has preserved, stabilized, and repaired this important example of mid-18th century American architecture.
When I first visited Drayton Hall several years after it was sold to the National Trust, the offices were in a small trailer. It has been exciting to see the history of the property and its inhabitants, both black and white, unfold over the years, culminating in the new Visitor Center that opened a year ago.
In many ways, Drayton Hall is a microcosm of the history of Charleston and the Lowcountry. The history is not stagnant. On the contrary, our history and that of Drayton Hall and its people are like the layers of an onion. There is always more of the story to peel away.
If you've never been to Drayton Hall, I encourage you to visit. If you visited before April of 2018, treat yourself and go back. The new Visitor Center has excellent exhibits, a gift shop, and a small, rustic sandwich shop.
Next week, we will continue to explore Charleston history though her places and people.
Amelia Whaley
Amelia ("Mimi") Whaley
Mimi was born in Charleston and grew up on nearby Edisto Island, one of several sea islands settled by planters due to their close proximity to Charleston. In addition to the Whaleys, Seabrooks, Mikells and Baynards, Mimi is also a direct descendant of Paul Grimball, the recipient of an English land grant of over 1,000 acres on Edisto in 1683; he and his family were the first documented white settlers on Edisto. In Charleston and the Lowcountry, it’s common to hear, "Everyone around here is related; it's just whether or not you claim each other…"
Mimi enjoys sharing the history of Charleston and the Lowcountry. A licensed tour guide, she leads historic Charleston walking tours Wednesdays through Sundays at 9:30 a.m. and 1:30 p.m., leaving from Washington Park in the heart of the old city. Reservations are required for these Charleston walking tours which last approximately 2 hours and end in the vicinity of the Charleston Market. Private tours are also available.
Mimi is also an award-winning Charleston artist working in watercolor, oil, acrylic and mixed media. “I’m so fortunate to live in this area and share this special city through touring, writing, talking and painting – all the things I love to do!”
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The EC inventory published below is a copy as received from the JRC in 2008 on the founding of ECHA. It is comprised of the following lists:
EINECS (European INventory of Existing Commercial chemical Substances) as published in O.J. C 146A, 15.6.1990. EINECS is an inventory of substances that were deemed to be on the European Community market between 1 January 1971 and 18 September 1981. EINECS was drawn up by the European Commission in the application of Article 13 of Directive 67/548/EEC, as amended by Directive 79/831/EEC, and in accordance with the detailed provisions of Commission Decision 81/437/EEC. Substances listed in EINECS are considered phase-in substances under the REACH Regulation.
ELINCS (European LIst of Notified Chemical Substances) in support of Directive 92/32/EEC, the 7th amendment to Directive 67/548/EEC. ELINCS lists those substances which were notified under Directive 67/548/EEC, the Dangerous Substances Directive Notification of New Substances (NONS) that became commercially available after 18 September 1981.
NLP (No-Longer Polymers). The definition of polymers was changed in April 1992 by Council Directive 92/32/EEC amending Directive 67/548/EEC, with the result that substances previously considered to be polymers were no longer excluded from regulation. Thus the No-longer Polymers (NLP) list was drawn up, consisting of such substances that were commercially available between 18 September 1981 and 31 October 1993.
Last updated 11 August 2017. Database contains 106211 unique substances/entries.
EC no.
Ammonium thiocyanate
CHNS.H3N
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New book by Ecotrust founder calls for “Natural Economies”
Oakley Brooks
Senior Media Manager
obrooks@ecotrust.org
Tom Brokaw calls Spencer B. Beebe's Cache: Creating Natural Economies "evocative and inspirational"
PORTLAND, Ore. — Ecotrust today announced the publication of Cache: Creating Natural Economies, a book by Ecotrust founder Spencer B. Beebe that calls for the creation of “natural economies” and new institutions that can better serve the fundamental needs of both people and place in the 21st century.
Cache is available now in hardcover and paperback from the following retailers:
Ecotrust: https://ecotrust.org/cache
Powell’s: http://www.powells.com/biblio/1-9780967636443-0
Apple: http://itunes.apple.com/us/book/isbn9780967636467
Amazon: http://www.amazon.com/dp/0967636442
Until January 1, 2011, Cache is available as an ebook from Apple for the iPhone, iPad and iPod touch for just .99 cents. After January 1, the ebook price returns to $9.99. Photos are available for free on Flickr: http://www.flickr.com/photos/sbeebe/sets/72157623841583076
Author and Ecotrust president Spencer B. Beebe believes that a more reliable prosperity will elude us until we change our relations with each other and with the rest of the natural world.Cache provides on-the-ground examples of how we can do this.
The book is a trove of stories and photographs from Beebe’s near four decades pioneering new approaches to conservation and development with such personal heroes as grizzly bear biologist John Craighead, godfather of Costa Rica’s national parks Alvaro Ugalde, and urban theorist Jane Jacobs. Cache includes the inside story of the tumultuous creation of Conservation International, now one of the largest conservation organizations in the world; co-founding the world’s first environmental bank; starting FoodHub, an online marketplace for food buyers and sellers; creating new ways to manage fisheries and forestry; and developing new scientific and integrative systems modeling to improve social, economic and environmental decision-making.
Cache offers a fresh, hopeful perspective at a time when global economic, social and environmental crises are growing. It is a compelling book for business people who wish to build businesses with more than the bottom-line in mind, for conservationists who wish to get practical results in a world not always sympathetic to their goals, and for people who simply love nature and, like Beebe, try to learn from it.
Beebe has led a life rich in adventure and innovation while working in the forefront of the contemporary conservation movement. He worked with The Nature Conservancy on land preservation in the 1970s and on saving tropical rain forests in the 1980s, and in 1987 he co-founded Conservation International. In 1991, he began Ecotrust to help unleash the energy and creativity of local residents in the coastal temperate rain forests of the place he calls home.
Hardcover: ISBN 978-0-9676364-4-3 $29.95 Size: 6 ⅝” x 9 ⅝”
Softcover: ISBN 978-0-9676364-5-0 $19.95 Pages: 264
E-Book: ISBN 978-0-9676364-6-7 $9.99 (.99 until 1/1) Photographs: 120
Over nearly 20 years, Ecotrust has converted $60 million in grants into more than $300 million in capital for local people, businesses, and organizations from Alaska to California. Ecotrust’s many innovations include co-founding the world’s first environmental bank, starting the world’s first ecosystem investment fund, creating a range of programs in fisheries, forestry, food, farms and children’s health, and developing new scientific and information tools to improve social, economic and environmental decision-making. Ecotrust works locally in ways that promise hope abroad, and it honors and supports the wisdom of Native and First Nation leadership in its work. More on the Web at www.ecotrust.org.
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Mission Viejo is a city located in southern Orange County, California in the Saddleback Valley. Mission Viejo is considered one of the largest master-planned communities ever built under a single project in the United States, and is rivaled only by Highlands Ranch, Colorado, in its size. The city has a 2011 estimated population of 93,483.
Mission Viejo is suburban in nature and culture. The city is mainly residential, although there are a number of offices and businesses within its city limits. The city is known for its picturesque tree-lined neighborhoods, receiving recognition from the National Arbor Day Foundation. The city’s name is a reference to Rancho Mission Viejo, a large Spanish land grant from which the community was founded.
Mission Viejo was named the safest city in the United States in a 2007 Morgan Quitno crime statistic survey (compiled from FBI data). In 2009, it was named the safest city in California and third safest in the nation, according to CQ Press.
Mission Viejo for Sale
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15 Best Offline Android Games to play without Internet
amrit76 March 31, 2019 0 comments
Alright, so tell me this, “Who doesn’t like playing Games”. We at thedroidway do, you landed on this page while searching for 15 Best Offline Android Games to play without an active Internet connection, so the chances are that you do as well.
There are times when we don’t have an Internet Connection and all we have is our phone with some juice left. Android Games are life savers at these times, but unfortunately, most of the games require an active internet connection to start. But, still there are some good games that can be played offline, we would be covering 15 such games today in this post.
15 Best Offline Android Games to play without the Internet
1. ICEY
First on our list is the ICEY which is a great action game. We must say that the game is quite addictive as well. In the game, you play the character of a cybernetic samurai protagonist who fights, slashes, spins, and dashes through the journey to get her.
Also: 10 best Video Player Apps for Android
The journey is quite interesting and straightforward, you can discover hidden depths and do various other fun things in this Game. You should definitely give this game a shot, trust us it is worth it.
You can download ICEY for free from the Google Play Store.
2. Thimbleweed Park
Thimbleweed Park is another great old school adventure game. This game has some really nice controls and graphics. The best part about the game is that you can play it without an active internet connection on your Android Device.
Also Read: 10 Best Android Minimalist Games Worth Playing
The game ain’t easy for sure, but it’s not that difficult as well. It lies somewhere in between those words. One would really enjoy playing this game if he or she likes old school games with a storyline.
You can download and install the Thimbleweed Park on your Android Device from the Google Play Store.
3. Subway Surfers
If you are someone who is using an Android Smartphone for quite a while now, then the chances are that you already know about this awesome game and have tried out this game as well. This game has been on the top charts for a decade and never disappoints the players.
Also Read: 10 Best Battery Saver Apps for Android
In the game, you have to take a never-ending journey collecting, coins, special powers through the way. The game is not at all difficult, but it would be as you cover more and more distance. You should definitely take a look at the Subway Surfers.
Subway Surfers is available on the Google Play Store for free.
4. Contract Killer 2
Contract Killer 2 is one of the best offline action game. It is also in the top charts and is loved by those who like some explosive actions going on in the game. There are a lot of action in a frame at a time which makes it quite difficult yet interesting to play.
Also Read: Best Slow Motion Video Apps for Android
The Journey is fun and the graphics makes it even more fun and challenging. You play the character of the killer Jack Griffin in the game who take out his targets through great moves with guns and other weapons.
You can download and install the Contract Killer 2 from the Google Play Store for free.
5. Dead Trigger 2
Another great action game on our list of 15 Best Offline Android Games to play without the Internet, the Dead Trigger. This game is a First-Person Shooter. You have to save yourself and others in this game from the zombies who have attacked the world.
The graphics on this game are pretty sick. The gameplay looks very good and you should be ready to get frightened at times, thanks to the entry of zombies on the screen unexpectedly.
You can download and install the Dead Trigger 2 APK from the Google Play Store for free.
6. Monument Valley
Sixth on our list of Best Offline Android Games to play without the Internet is the Monument Valley which is a puzzle game for Android Devices. This is an award-winning puzzle game for Android for a reason. The game has really beautiful graphics.
A good gameplay, all you have to do is solve the architecture to go and help your protagonist. The background music makes the gameplay, even more, interesting and addictive. Unfortunately, the game is not available for free on the Google Play Store, but trust us it is worth every penny.
Monument Valley is available on the Google Play Store for $3.99.
7. Jetpack Joyride
Another good old offline game in the house, the Jetpack Joyride. Jetpack Joyride is an adventure game which has over 100,000,000+ as per the Google Play Store and has a rating of almost 5 on 5 stars. The gameplay is pretty good, it’s an endless journey where you take revenge on the very same people who performed different experiments on you.
There are a lot of things that you can do in the game like shooting the obstacles in between, collecting coins and a whole lot more stuff.
The Jetpack Joyride is available for free on the Google Play Store.
8. Shadow Fight 2
Shadow Fight 2 as the name suggests is a fighting game which went quite popular. The graphics are great. Also, the idea of placing shadows as characters in the game is quite well. You can train your character before having a real fight to improve his skills.
The controls are pretty good, you should not face any problem in playing this game whatsoever. The graphics and the background music of the game make the game quite addictive.
Shadow Fight 2 is available on the Google Play Store for free.
9. Limbo
Limbo is an adventure game which can also fall under the category of Platformer games for Android. It is an award-winning game which is available on multiple platforms including Android and iOS devices. There is a dark storyline in the game which is of a brother who loses her sister in a forest where evil spirits linger.
Now, in the game, you have to play the character of this brother who has to fight with the Evils in order to save her little sister. The graphics in the game looks sick. You should definitely try this Offline game for Android.
Limbo is available on the Google Play Store for $4.99.
10. BADLAND
If you are looking for an offline multiplayer game, then you should definitely take a look at the Badland. The gameplay of this awesome adventure game is quite dark just like the Limbo. It is available on various platforms like Android, iOS.
In the game, you have to stay ahead of everyone so that no one catches you. You would find difficulties and obstacles through the way. This game is quite addictive as well. The background music along with the dark gameplay makes a perfect combination.
You can download and install the BADLAND on your Android Device from the Google Play Store for free.
11. Shadowrun Returns
Next on our list of 15 Best Offline Android Games to play without Internet is the Shadow Returns which is an RPG game for Android Devices. The gameplay is based on future and the ancient magics have awakened you. You have to fight with the ancient mythical creatures with your Weapons and magical skills that you have.
The gameplay is pretty smooth. The game is not difficult at all, Also you don’t need to have some high specifications of the Android Device in order to run this game smoothly.
You can download and install the Shadowrun Returns from the Google Play Store for just $1.99.
12. Dumb Ways to Die 2
Dumb Ways to Die 2 is a cute arcade game. There is no real logic behind this Android Game, there are many awkward and strange ways to die in the game. You don’t have to use them instead of avoiding them to keep playing this cute game for Android.
This is one of the best Offline games available for Android Devices at the moment. You can also play it with your friends and can challenge them in playing 52 little games.
You can download and install the Dumb Ways to Die 2 on your Android Device from the Google Play Store for free.
13. World of Goo
World of Goo is a quite old puzzle game for Android. This game features the living globs of black goo. You can use these living globs of black goo to create different things in this puzzle game for Android. You have to reach the finish line in the game in order to complete a level.
The game gets difficult as one move to the higher levels. You can also play and enjoy this offline game for Android with your friends. You would have to spend a few bucks as the game is not available for free on the Google Play Store.
The world of Goo is available on the Google Play Store for $4.99.
14. Cut The Rope 2
After the huge success of the Cut the Rope, the developers are back with the second edition of the Game, this time with whole lot more features and fun. The game has pretty decent graphics with great sound effects.
You have to cut the rope to serve the little hungry Omnom with the available candies. The game can be played offline in absence of an active internet connection and does work pretty well.
You can download the Cut the Rope 2 for free from the Google Play Store.
15. Can Knockdown 3
The last game on our list of 15 Best Offline Android Games to play without Internet is the Can Knockdown 3. You might have played this game in your real life where you set up Cans and throw a stone at them to put all the cans down at once. But you would have to rearrange the cans which were a time-consuming process.
With this game, all you have to do is just try to put all the cans down in one throw. In this offline game, you need to set a high score for yourself.
The Can Knockdown 3 is available for Android on the Google Play Store for free.
So that compiles our list of 15 Best Offline Android Games to play without the Internet. We hope that you liked this post. Let us know your favorite pick in the comments section down below.
Download Hotstar for PC Windows 7/8/8.1/10 or XP
Download Gangstar Vegas Apk + Mod + OBB(Unlimited Money/Gems)
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EUR-Lex - L:1986:372:TOC - EN
Document L:1986:372:TOC
Official Journal of the European Communities, L 372, 31 December 1986
of the European Communities
I Acts whose publication is obligatory
II Acts whose publication is not obligatory
86/635/EEC:
Council Directive 86/635/EEC of 8 December 1986 on the annual accounts and consolidated accounts of banks and other financial institutions
Council Decision of 11 December 1986 on the conclusion of an Agreement in the form of an Exchange of Letters concerning the provisional application of the Agreement amending the Agreement between the European Economic Community and the Government of the Republic of Equatorial Guinea on fishing off the coast of Equatorial Guinea, signed at Malabo on 15 June 1984 for the period starting on 27 June 1986
Agreement in the form of an Exchange of Letters concerning the provisional application of the Agreement amending the Agreement between the European Economic Community and the Government of the Republic of Equatorial Guinea on fishing off the coast of Equatorial Guinea, signed at Malabo on 15 June 1984, for the period starting on 27 June 1986
Council Decision of 11 December 1986 on the conclusion of an Agreement in the form of an Exchange of Letters concerning the provisional application of the Agreement amending the Agreement between the European Economic Community and the Government of the Republic of Guinea on fishing off the coast of Guinea, signed at Conakry on 7 February 1983, for the period starting on 8 August 1986
Agreement in the form of an Exchange of Letters concerning the provisional application of the Agreement amending the Agreement between the European Economic Community and the Government of the Republic of Guinea on fishing off the coast of Guinea, signed at Conakry on 7 February 1983, for the period starting on 8 August 1986
Acts whose titles are printed in light type are those relating to day-to-day management of agricultural matters, and are generally valid for a limited period.
The titles of all other Acts are printed in bold type and preceded by an asterisk.
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Tag Archives: Colonial Land and Emigration Commissioners
Earl Grey’s Irish Famine Orphans (13): Government preparations for their arrival
Posted on April 17, 2015 by Trevor McClaughlin under Earl Grey's Irish female orphans, Great Irish Famine, Irish Famine orphans in Australia, Irish female emigration, Irish Female Orphans, Irish-Australian Studies, The Earl Grey scheme
Government Preparations again
I’m not sure how best to proceed. Here’s one possible plan.
(a) Imperial and colonial government preparations
(b) arrival and early days of the young women in Australia
(c) opposition to and the end of the ‘ Earl Grey scheme’
(d) NSW government enquiry of 1858-9.
Maybe start with that.
And after that, what? I have a few ideas–maybe life stories of a number of the orphans, maybe inter-generational family histories of some of them, or an examination of orphans in different regions–the Illawarra and Hunter valley in New South Wales, the gold fields and Western Victoria, the Moreton Bay district, town compared with country, or perhaps something on the orphans in South Australia, about which I know very little. We shall see, what we shall see. Such is life, as one or two Irish-Australians once put it.
It is important that I take this one small bite at a time.
“We must work & play and John Jacob Niles
will sing our souls to rest
(in his earlier-78 recordings).
Tomorrow we’ll do our best, our best,
tomorrow we’ll do our best”.
(John Berryman, The Home Ballad.)
Depending on the sources used, the Earl Grey female orphan scheme will appear in a very different light. Here, I want to look at government’s point of view using British Parliamentary Papers, especially those available in hard copy. (I’ve used the thousand volume Irish Universities Press version, especially the volumes entitled Colonies. Australia, volumes 11 and 12. Sometimes I much prefer holding a book in my hand to reading a digitised text online). Adventurers, though, might want to explore,
http://www.dippam.ac.uk/eppi/documents/12245/page/294969
Viewing the Earl Grey female orphan scheme from a government position is a very different perspective from that of its opponents in Australia, and different again from the young women themselves, or that of present-day family historians.
Government Planning
First then, a government perspective: its interest was to present the scheme as positively as it could. [e.g. Governor H.E.F. Young’s report on the Roman Emperor, 9th General report of Colonial Land and Emigration Commissioners (CLEC) Appendix 18, HC 1849[1082]22 1– “the first twenty who entered into service conducted themselves so creditably as to create a feeling as much in favour of the emigrants as it had been before adverse“.]
The British Imperial government was very thorough. Its plan, instigated with the approval of its representatives in the Australian colonies, and despite a long communications turn-around time of six months or more, is testimony to its forward planning skills. Yet no matter how good the forward planning, in practice, the scheme was always a work in progress; who should choose teachers or religious instructors for orphans on board ship? should surgeons on board orphan ships be paid more? where do we get a supply of Douay Bibles? These things were all arranged in piecemeal fashion, as the scheme progressed. How well things worked out in practice, however, would not always be in control of the government.
Grey did not intend ‘imposing’ Irish workhouse orphans on the Australian colonies. His government’s representatives in Australia told him the colonies would welcome an influx of marriageable female labour. His major concern was to meet colonial demands for labour by renewing large-scale government-assisted emigration. The female orphan scheme was but a part of this. In their covering letter to the under secretary for the Colonial Department, 17 February 1848, the Colonial land and Emigration Commissioners CLEC) emphasized, re- the orphans, that “Lord Grey is well aware of the necessity which exists for preserving the proportions of the sexes in any large emigration to a new country. Single men willing to emigrate are to be found in abundance”. This too was a major concern.
Let me further illustrate just how meticulous and detailed Grey’s plan was by returning to two of my earlier posts, posts 2 and 3 in particular, where I outlined the Colonial Land and Emigration Commissioners’ proposal, dated 17 February 1848. (See the Eppi link above).
Some similarities and some differences between New South Wales and South Australian colonial government arrangements
Remember the colony of Victoria, as it later became, was still part of New South Wales between 1848 and 1850, i. e. during the female orphan scheme; Victoria did not ‘separate’ from New South Wales until 1851. Remember, too, that South Australia was different again: that colony had a different Governor, different laws and different ways of doing things. Grey was obliged to ‘communicate’ separately with them both.
Charles Augustus Fitzroy. Governor of New South Wales in 1855. Courtesy of the State Library of New South Wales.
Henry Fox Young, Governor of South Australia from in 1850. Courtesy of the State Library of South Australia
Superintendent Charles J La Trobe, later Governor of Victoria. Courtesy of the State Library of Victoria
Here is the extract from the CLEC proposal mentioned above that I posted last August. Allow me to develop these. They are worth a careful reading.
6. The Governor will be directed on the arrival of these Emigrants in the Colony to make such arrangements in regard to their employment as may be most to their benefit, according to their age and circumstances.
7. Every pains will be taken to find the Emigrants respectable Employers– when their age and circumstances render it fitting, they will be bound Apprentices, under Laws which are in force in the Colonies. It will be stipulated that fair wages shall be paid by the Employers, according to the current rate prevailing in the district; and after deducting such portion as may be required to pay for clothes, and other current expenses, the remainder of their wages will be reserved, to be given to them at the expiration of the Contract, or…at their marriage, provided it be approved by the Government, or by the Committee appointed to act on its behalf. A power will be retained of forfeiting the reserved wages of any of the Children who may abscond, or whose indentures may be cancelled for misconduct.
8. The Governors of New South Wales and South Australia, will be directed to appoint a Committee in each Colony, at which they will request the cooperation of the Bishop of Australia and the Roman Catholic Archbishop of Sydney, and in South Australia, of the Bishop of Adelaide and the Roman Catholic Bishop, to see that these stipulations are duly observed by the Employers… This might appear to be wishful thinking i.e. giving such Committees powers which in practice they could never police to the full. How could they, once the young women went into the hinterland? But they nonetheless went to great lengths to make it work. In a Despatch (Earl Grey to Sir C. A. Fitzroy, Governor of New South Wales, 28 February 1848, even before the Irish Government approved the scheme) Grey expressed his hope that not only prelates of the Anglican and Catholic churches would consent to serve on the Committee “but also some of the leading clergymen of the other denominations”. In addition, he suggested the Committee ask for applications for servants from “the most respectable persons in different parts of the colony”, things which did indeed occur. (I’ll let this earlier comment of mine remain).
Fitzroy reported to Grey in a Despatch of 1 December 1848 that he “lost no time in forming a Committee in Sydney, and desiring Mr La Trobe to form one in Melbourne, composed as nearly as possible upon the principle and for the purpose suggested by the Commissioners”. (BPP Colonies Australia Sessions 1849-50, vol 11, p. 29).
Things were similar in South Australia. Lieutenant-Governor H. E. F. Young forwarded a South Australian Government Gazette to Earl Grey in a Despatch dated 10 September 1848 naming the members of the Irish Orphan Emigration Committee in Adelaide…”in pursuance of the instructions conveyed to me in your Lordship’s despatch No 28 of the 28th February last“. (BPP ibid., p. 330/208). Young was quick to emphasize “the emigration of orphans to South Australia…should include a due proportion of English and Scotch orphans.” Enquiries were later made in Britain about this but the suggestion was rejected as impractical, for a variety of reasons.
Things were not totally the same in South Australia. The day before, 9 September, Young told Grey that, on the suggestion of the Orphan Committee and the advice of the Executive Council, he had provisionally appointed Captain Brewer as Emigration Agent for South Australia. The Executive Council drew up specific instructions for the Emigration Agent that included, “You will consider yourself the guardian of the immigrants; and it will be your duty to advise and assist them in finding suitable employment, taking care, more especially, as far as lies in your power, that the young females do not make any agreements with those who may be known to you as persons of bad character.
Single unmarried females, without natural protectors on board, and without offers of employment can be provided with lodgings and rations for a short time at the Native Location, where they will be under the care of the matron…”. Captain Brewer was not a member of the Adelaide Orphan Committee. Note, however, he was told he should consider himself guardian of the immigrants.
10. This Emigration will be watched with the utmost interest by all who are concerned in the Colonies to which it is to be directed; and upon the manner in which it is conducted will depend the power of the Government to encourage its continuance.
The Colonists are desirous of adding to their body, not the idle and worthless, but those whose education and moral and religious training afford a reasonable guarantee that they will become active and useful members of a Society which is in a state of healthy progress; and it will therefore be imperative on the Colonial Land and Emigration Commissioners to select those young persons whose education has been attended to, and of whose conduct they receive a satisfactory report from the competent authorities. This is a clear statement of the social engineering in which the Imperial authorities were engaged.
Orphan Committees
Let me describe the composition of Orphan Committees in Sydney, Melbourne and Adelaide; it is basically the same as suggested by Earl Grey and the CLEC. The committees were made up of lay and clerical dignitaries who had a wealth of experience in political, religious, legal, police and immigration matters.
The Sydney committee consisted of
George Allen, Solicitor and Member of the Legislative Council and Honorary secretary to the Benevolent Asylum in Sydney
Reverend Robert Allwood, incumbent of St James Anglican Church in Sydney
Hutchinson Hothersall Browne, Water Police Magistrate and from 1851 Immigration Agent
Alfred Cheeke Esq., Barrister and Commissioner of the Court of Requests
William Harvie Christie, Agent for Church and School Estates and Secretary to the Denominational School Board
The Very Reverend Henry Gregory Gregory, Roman Catholic Vicar General
George P. F Gregory Esq., Prothonotary and Registrar of the Supreme Court
Joseph Long Innes Esq., Superintendent of Police
The Very Reverend John McGarvie D. D., Minister of the Scots Church of St Andrew in Sydney
Francis L S Merewether Esq., Immigration Agent
Charles Nicholson Esq., Speaker of the Legislative Council
Arthur Savage Esq., R. N., Health Officer for Port Jackson
If anyone is so inclined, the Australian Dictionary of Biography, will provide more information about some of these gentlemen. It is available online. It is a great research tool. Not everyone on the Committee will appear. See for example, http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/gregory-henry-gregory-2122 and http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/merewether-francis-lewis-shaw-4189 Some of these probably also need updating.
Another great research tool is http://dictionaryofsydney.org/browse/people
The Melbourne committee comprised
The Right Reverend the Lord Bishop of Melbourne, Charles Perry (Anglican)
The Right Reverend Dr Goold (Roman Catholic) http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/goold-james-alipius-3633
Edward Carr Esq.
The Very Reverend P. B Geoghegan, Vicar General (Roman Catholic)
The Reverend Irvine Hetheringon
Wm Lonsdale Esq., Sub-Treasurer
Dr John Patterson, Immigration Agent (former naval surgeon from Strabane)
Robert W Pohlman Esq., Chief Commissioner of Insolvents’ Estates
James Hunter Ross Esq.
Andrew Russell Esq.
James Simpson Esq., http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/simpson-james-2665
The Reverend A C Thompson
Collins St, Melbourne, S T Gill C. 1853 State Library of New South Wales collections
The Adelaide committee included
The Right Reverend the Lord Bishop of Adelaide, Augustus Short (Anglican) http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/short-augustus-4577
The Right Reverend Dr Murphy, Roman Catholic Bishop
The Reverend Mr Haining, Presbyterian Minister
The Reverend Mr Draper, Methodist Minister
The Honourable the Advocate General, Member of the Legislative Council
Hon Jacob Hagen Member of the Legislative Council( MLC), merchant, landowner, and member of the Society of Friends
Hon Captain Bagot MLC, retired Military officer, landowner, member of the league for the preservation of religious freedom
Samuel Davenport Esq., Congregationalist, landowner, supporter of civil and religious liberties
William Giles Esq., manager of S.A. Company and treasurer of the League for the preservation of religious freedom
Wm Younghusband Esq., Anglican,
Matthew Moorhouse Esq., Fellow of Royal College of Surgeons,Congregationalsist, Secretary to the Children’s Apprenticeship Board , ‘protector’ of Aborigines, Adelaide Native School http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/moorhouse-matthew-4239
Any three of whom will be a quorum to transact business.
There is a very good chapter (chapt. 6) in Richard Reid’s book, Farewell my Friends, Anchor Books, 2011, describing the function of these committees. Dr Reid (pp.144-6) concentrates on the Sydney Committee and says it “had wide powers relating to employment, wages, discipline and general moral guardianship over the orphans”. The Sydney Committee took its duties seriously, vetting prospective employers, overseeing orphans’ indentures, providing protection if they went into the country, approving their marriage, protecting them from ill-usage, disciplining them by confining them to ‘pick oakum’ in a special room in Hyde Park Barracks, or banishing them to work in the hinterland.
My own impression is that there is something ‘pro forma’ or ‘legalistic’ about the Imperial government’s bureaucratic aims. Its concern with establishing an appropriate legal structure for the Earl Grey female orphan scheme was paramount. This is apparent in its directives for establishing local Orphan Committees and in ensuring colonial government Master-Servant legislation was appropriately modified for orphan apprenticeships.
I very much agree with Dr Reid when he claims the day to day running of things devolved upon local colonial government officers; F.L.S. Merewether in Sydney, John Patterson in Melbourne, and Matthew Moorhouse in Adelaide, in particular. No Orphan Committee minute books have survived, to the best of my knowledge. What does survive is a large archive of Francis Merewether’s correspondence as Immigration Agent: it is a tribute to his diligence and his ‘sympathy’ for those in his charge. Readers may have noticed in the case of the Adelaide Committee, any three members formed a quorum. It looks as if this also applied elsewhere.
Matthew Moorhouse, South Australia Courtesy of State Library of South Australia
F L S Merewether NSW Immigration Agent until 1851 Courtesy of State Library of NSW
Indenturing orphans
Let me fasten down this interpretation by looking at the arrangements for indenturing the orphans.
The South Australian government took to heart clause 7 (see above) of the CLEC proposal of 17 February 1848 “…they will be bound Apprentices, under Laws which are in force in the Colonies…”, Governor Young issuing an Ordinance ‘with the advice and consent of the Legislative Council’ “to provide by Apprenticeship for the Protection, Guardianship and advancement in Life of Emigrant Orphan Children…”. It is interesting they used the word ‘children’; the Earl Grey orphans all travelled as adults, they being over 14 years of age.
The Ordinance gave the Children’s Apprenticeship Board (three members of which constituted a quorum) power to bind “poor children” in apprenticeships until they reached nineteen years of age, or until they married. It specified in detail what masters and mistresses should provide for their servant–food, lodging, bedding, clothing, medicines–allowing them to attend church service, and depositing a proportion of their wages in the South Australia Savings Bank after two years of service. It permitted servants to be transferred “to any other fit and proper person” with the consent of the Board. If there was no such consent, the master or mistress could be fined £10. One or more Justices of the Peace could hear complaints from either master, or servant apprentice, and was given the power to fine masters £10 or send any misbehaving apprentice to a gaol or House of Correction, “there to be kept in confinement on Bread and Water for any time not exceeding Fourteen Days”. The Ordinance made the Children’s Apprenticeship Board the legal guardian of the orphans, with the ‘same power as any guardian lawfully appointed in England’. It is a detailed and comprehensive document covering all the eventualities they could foresee. Appended to it was the “Schedule” or form the apprenticeship should take. (The Ordinance was printed in the South Australian Government Gazette, 24 August, 1848 No.8. It is also available in BPP. Colonies Australia, vol.11, pp. 333-36/211-14).
Máire, Máire Healy, Eliza Roe, céard a dhéanfá? What would ye do? Holy Mother of God, what does this mean?
“In consideration whereof, the said…executors and administrators, doth by these presents, covenant, promise and agree to and with the said Board and every of them, and their and every of their successors for the time being, and their assigns…”.
Would ye listen to that? Do they not even speak English, Eliza Lynch?
You have to take the job Biddy Kelly. You’re not allowed, you aren’t allowed to say no.
Adelaide West end Hindley St 1849 courtesy State Library of New South Wales
17 August 1848, the CLEC advised Grey that some adjustment to the New South Wales Apprenticing Act may be necessary. They suggested amendments such as the following,
that two Justices of the Peace be required to give their consent to any apprenticeship and at least notifying his or her guardian(s)
that some money taken from the apprentice’s wage be placed in a Savings Bank on her behalf
and that some provision be made should the master die or become incapacitated.
The Commissioners politely added that these were merely suggestions and they, of course, would defer to colonial authorities, whose ‘ability and local knowledge’ would allow them to do what is best.
29 August 1848, Grey forwarded the CLEC suggestions to Governor Fitzroy and inquired if the existing NSW Apprenticeship Act needed improving, now that so many juveniles were soon to arrive. (BPP Colonies Australia vol 11 pp. 72-3/194-5)
Pitt St Sydney 1851 courtesy of the State Library NSW
New South Wales circumstances were more complicated than South Australia. Here, there was a long legal history relating to apprenticing orphans and regulating disputes between masters and servants: Acts of 1828, 1834, 1840, 1844, 1845, ’47,’50, ’52 and ’54 were on the statute books until 20 Vic 28 appeared in 1857, an Act which lasted until 1902. Changes to the legislation had occurred as required, and to correct the mistakes and carelessness of earlier drafting of the laws.
In 1845, for instance, the NSW Legislative Assembly printed the Report of its Select Committee on the Masters’ and Servants’ Act, with minutes of evidence. The sort of thing they focused on included breaches of contract–servants’ “absenting themselves without reasonable cause”, servants’ being “guilty of disobedience or other misconduct” which covered “insolence“, servants’ ‘wilfully damaging property‘. Breaches by employers were also covered; non-payment of wages, failure to provide proper rations, failure to provide a certificate of discharge, for example. But the dice, i believe, was loaded in favour of Masters.
Servants would have been justified in questioning the impartiality of the courts appointed to resolve disputes. Magistrates who sat in judgement were employers themselves and too easily identified with fellow employers. Women proved something of a problem for them. At least they recognized that a female servant might be provoked into being insolent. And generally, law makers were loathe to punish female servants with imprisonment.
The special provisions for the Earl Grey orphans suggested by the CLEC came into force via the Orphan Committees or the members delegated to apply them–have prospective employees apply for a servant beforehand, and their applications vetted; if an employee was out of town then two Justices of the Peace should oversee her assignment; put part of the servants’ wages in a Savings Bank– for as the CLEC had suggested “the accumulated payment would operate as a great inducement to work out” her “period of service faithfully“. On the other hand, whether wages paid to the orphans were as fair as originally intended (see clause 7 again) is debatable.
Still, both Imperial and Colonial governments did their utmost to provide a legal framework for the guardianship and employment of the orphans.
Here is an example of an indenture between Anne Smith per Digby and her employer. Take a close look if you can. [I hope that by clicking on the image it will become larger for you. You may be able to make it even larger by clicking again. If you are using a phone, clicking on the image opens it. You can then pinch zoom to make it larger. Thanks Siobhán.] There is also another original apprenticeship agreement between Anne Deely per Thomas Arbuthnot and Frederick Hudson of Ipswich, in the Moreton Bay District, in State Records of New South Wales (SRNSW) 9/6173. I tried finding an original in South Australia State Records in 1995 without success. Considering there were three copies, one for the orphan, one for the employer and one for the government, I’d hoped for a better result. Maybe one has come to light since then? But see what i have to say in post 16.
Anne Smith’s apprenticeship indenture
The interesting thing is the orphans accommodated themselves to work within this system and to work the system to their own advantage. (Here’s an interesting research project for someone: ‘Irish Famine orphans and the Law’. There would certainly be enough material for an Honour’s or Master’s thesis, should anyone be looking for a topic).
In Barefoot 1 (pp.16-18) I suggested that both master and servant were able to ‘work the system’. Masters knew it was a government-run project and thought they could return unruly servants to the Immigration Depot willy-nilly. The young women, learning of better conditions elsewhere–higher wages, a kinder master or mistress, being closer to a male friend–understood that marriage, backchat, or neglect of their duties were a ‘legal’ means of ending their apprenticeship agreement. They might even try to arrange a ‘transfer’. Or, aware that cancellation of their indenture would mean a return to the Depot and the likelihood of their being sent ‘up country’, away from the town, they were still willing to take the risk, anything being preferable to their current position. But more of this further down the line.
More than twenty years ago, Libby Connors said, “perhaps it is time…to take the debate beyond the ‘victim’ stage…We need to start acknowledging and analyzing the extraordinary success of the Irish at thwarting racist migration policies and their achievements in British and colonial politics, whether in the realm of the masculine public world of official policy, or at the personal level of young Irish women defending themselves in their personal relationships”. (Papers at 7th Irish-Australian Conference 1993, ed. Rebecca Pelan, p.179).
Some of us may need to catch up…
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UT Tyler Faculty Recognized
Posted by East Texas Review | Jul 11, 2017 | Education, Local | 0 |
Dr. Dennis Cali was recognized by the Media Ecology Association for outstanding academic research, Dr. Martin Slann, The University of Texas at Tyler College of Arts and Sciences dean, announced.
Cali received the “Top Paper Award” at this year’s MEA Annual Convention for his work titled, “The Sacramental View of McLuhan, Ong, and Carey.” He is professor and chair of The University of Texas at Tyler Department of Communication.
“Marshall McLuhan, Walter Ong, and James Carey have made profound contributions to the field of media studies and have helped to give rise to the field of media ecology,” Cali said. “My essay outlines five chief characteristics of a sacramental view and demonstrates how each of those characteristics is present in the works of these foundational figures in the field.”
International scholars participated in this year’s conference, including those from Africa, Australia, Europe, North America, South America and throughout the United States.
Cali teaches and researches primarily in the areas of media ecology, political communication, rhetorical criticism and religious communication.
“The department will be exploring the possibility of creating a Center for Media Ecology studies at The University of Texas at Tyler, which would bring together faculty from various disciplines to study the interconnections between media, technology, art, culture and consciousness,” Cali added.
Serving The University of Texas at Tyler since 2009, he holds a master of arts in speech communication and a Ph.D. in communication.
One of the 14 campuses of the UT System, The University of Texas at Tyler features excellence in teaching, research, artistic performance and community service. More than 80 undergraduate and graduate degrees are available at The University of Texas at Tyler, which has an enrollment of almost 10,000 high-ability students. The University of Texas at Tyler offers courses at its campuses in Tyler, Longview and Palestine as well as a location in Houston.
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Master Gardeners set
St. Mary’s Catholic Church and School Gears Up For Annual Wunderfall Oktoberfest
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Sri Ramana Maharshi: His life and teachings
Translations of Tamil texts
Interviews and personal stories
David Godman’s blog
Arunachala Saints
Translated site material
Sorupa Saram
Tiruvadavur Adigal Puranam
Prabhulinga Leelai
TAMIL TRANSLATIONS
PHOTOS & LINKS
In the seventh to ninth centuries AD there appeared in South India an upsurge of devotional fervour that completely transformed the religious inclinations and practices of the region. Vaishnava and Saiva bhaktas became infused with a religious spirit that emphasised ecstatic devotion to a personal deity rather than the more sober rites and rituals of vedic Brahmanism. It was both a populist Hindu revolt, since it expressed the people’s dissatisfaction with the hierarchies of caste,(1) and a demonstration of contempt for the alien philosophies of Jainism and Buddhism which had by then permeated large areas of South India.
The movement’s leaders were the various saints who toured the countryside singing songs in praise of their personal God. The language of these songs was deliberately simple, for they were intended to be sung by ordinary devotees, either alone or in groups. While it is true that the deities addressed were ones such as Vishnu and Siva, who were prominent components of the North Indian pantheon, the mode of expression and the philosophical content of the poems were unique, being an expression of the indigenous Tamil spirit and culture. This was the first of the great bhakti movements that were to invigorate the Hindu tradition throughout India in the succeeding centuries. It was so successful in transforming the hearts and minds of the South Indian population, one commentator has gone so far as to say that these poet-saints ‘sang Buddhism and Jainism out of South India.’(2)
The Saiva revival of this era owed much to four poet-saints who are often collectively referred to as ‘the four’ (Nalvar). Appar, the first to emerge, flourished from the end of the sixth century until the middle of the seventh. Tirujnanasambandhar, the next to appear, was a younger contemporary of his. They were followed by Sundaramurti (end of the seventh century until the beginning of the eighth) and Manikkavachagar, whom most people believe lived in the ninth century.(3)
Appar the earliest of the Nalvar explained in the following famous verses the essence of this new approach to religion and how it differed from the conventional prevailing ideas on the subject:
Why bathe in Ganga’s streams or Kaveri?
Why go to Comorin in Kongu’s land?
Why seek the waters of the surrounding sea?
Release is theirs and theirs alone who call
in every place upon the Lord of all.
Why chant the Vedas, hear the sastras’ lore?
Why daily teach the books of righteousness?
Why the Vedangas six say o’er and o’er?
Release is theirs and theirs alone whose heart
From thinking of the Lord shall ne’er depart.
Why roam the jungle, roam the cities through?
Why plague life with unstinting penance hard?
Why eat no flesh and gaze into the blue?
Release is theirs and theirs alone who cry
unceasing to the Lord of wisdom high.
Why fast and starve, why suffer pains austere?
Why climb the mountains doing penance harsh?
Why go to bathe in waters far and near?
at every time upon the Lord of all.(4)
The spontaneous songs of these early Saiva bhaktas were eventually collected and recorded in a series of books called the Tirumurais. The first seven (there are twelve in all) are devoted exclusively to the songs of Appar, Tirujnanasambandhar and Sundaramurti, while the eighth contains Manikkavachagar’s two extant works. These twelve Tirumurais, along with the later Meykanda Sastras, became the canonical works of the southern Saiva branch of Hinduism. This system of beliefs and practices is still the most prevalent form of religion in South India.
Biographical details of the lives of Appar, Jnanasambandhar and Sundaramurti can be found in the Periyapuranam, the anthology of the lives of sixty-three of the early Saiva saints that was composed about a thousand years ago. The life of Manikkavachagar was not included. For information on Manikkavachagar’s life one has to turn to two other sources: the Tiruvilaiyatal Puranam, which records divine and miraculous events that are associated with Madurai and its temple, and Tiruvadavur Adigal Puranam, a poetical rendering of Manikkavachagar’s life that was probably written around 1,400 AD.
The Tiruvilaiyatal Puranam contains four chapters (58-61) about Manikkavachagar, and the oldest version is believed to date from the twelfth century. However, the text is clearly based on a much older oral tradition since Manikkavachagar, writing in the ninth century, refers to several stories that were later recorded in this Puranam. The Tiruvadavur Adigal Puranam expands on this earlier narrative by adding further elements that seem to have been part of an oral tradition. It also makes use of material from the Tiruvachakam, Manikkavachagar’s most famous work.
The Tiruvachakam is, and has been for more than a thousand years, one of the most well-known and best-loved works of Tamil devotional literature. It is so highly regarded that parts of it are chanted every day in many South Indian temples. Parts of Tiruvachakam were chanted regularly during the early days of Sri Ramanasramam, and on the evening that his mother died, Ramana Maharshi asked all the assembled devotees to spend the night chanting the whole work. Manikkavachagar’s justly deserved fame and reputation rest almost exclusively on the eminence of this one devotional work.
I should mention in passing that Manikkavachagar came to Tiruvannamalai during an extended pilgrimage, and while he was there, he composed Tiruvembavai, the seventh hymn of the Tiruvachakam collection. This poem – tradition holds that it was composed at Adi-Annamalai while the author was doing pradakshina – is one of the most famous literary works in the Tamil language. It has been extensively written about and commented on, and in recent times its popularity has been enhanced even more by the activities of the former senior Sankaracharya of Kanchipuram, Sri Chandrasekharendra Saraswati Swami. Tiruvembavai was a particular favourite of his and during his lifetime he did much to encourage its popularity. Nowadays, as a result of the Sankaracharya’s enthusiastic efforts, the poem is sung throughout the length and breadth of the Tamil-speaking world during the Tamil month of Margazhi (mid-December to mid-January) and during this period conferences and meetings are held all over the state to discuss and expound on the meaning of this one poem.
The text that I am posting here is a complete translation of Tiruvadavur Adigal Puranam, the more elaborate and detailed of the two Manikkavachagar biographies. The translation has been done by Robert Butler, some of whose work appears elsewhere on this site. This is the first time that this work has ever appeared in an English translation. A summary of the work is given below, along with the corresponding verses in the text.
Chapter One: The King’s Minister
The story begins with an account of Manikkavachagar’s birth and childhood. After demonstrating himself to be a child prodigy who excelled in all branches of knowledge, he was appointed chief minister of the Pandyan kingdom at the age of sixteen. Though he was given all the accoutrements of worldly power, he realised the emptiness of worldly life and secretly longed to meet a teacher who would bestow on him true knowledge. An opportunity to meet such a Guru arose when the Pandyan king, hearing that valuable horses were available at the port of Perunturai, sent Manikkavachagar there to buy them on his behalf.
Chapter Two: Holy Perunturai
The chapter begins on Mount Kailas with various gods paying their respects to Siva. Siva then announced that it was time for him to go to the world of men in order to become Manikkavachagar’s Guru. He ordered many of the celestial beings to come with him, disguised as earthly devotees, and headed for Perunturai, the port on the Tamil coast where Manikkavachagar had been sent to buy horses for his king. Siva waited for his arrival in a grove of trees.
When the advance guard of Manikkavachagar’s escort informed the chief minister that a great sage was sitting under a kuruntham tree in that grove, he immediately went there in the hope that this teacher could grant him liberation. Manikkavachagar paid his respects and asked Siva to bestow true knowledge on him. Though Siva was disguised as an earthly being, Manikkavachagar knew intuitively that it was Siva himself who had taken the form of a human Guru. Siva agreed to accept him as his disciple, and preparations were made for a great initiation ceremony. Manikkavachagar performed an elaborate ritual worship, after which Siva placed his feet on Manikkavachagar’s head and granted him liberation. Manikkavachagar profusely expressed his thanks and gratitude. Siva then gave a long speech in which he summed up Saiva philosophy and when the explanation was concluded, Manikkavachagar expressed his love and gratitude by handing over to him all the treasure that the king had given to him to buy horses. He declared that he would stay with Siva and not return to Madurai. Manikkavachagar’s party returned home to inform the king of what had happened.
The king was, quite naturally, very angry with Manikkavachagar. He sent him a written message, demanding that he return to Madurai immediately. Manikkavachagar refused to read the message himself, but he allowed one of the emissaries to read it out to him. Once he had heard what the king had written, Manikkavachagar took the message to Siva and asked him what he should do. Siva undertook to bring the horses to Madurai on a particular day. He also gave Manikkavachagar a very valuable ruby as a present to give to the king and asked him to return to Madurai. On his arrival in Madurai, Manikkavachagar gave the king the ruby and promised that the horses would arrive on the day that Siva had specified. The king initially accepted his story. However, some of the people who had accompanied Manikkavachagar told the king what they had witnessed in Perunturai, saying that they had seen Manikkavachagar give away all the king’s treasure to a spiritual teacher. The king sent messengers to Perunturai to see if there really were any horses that were due to come to Madurai, and when these emissaries reported that there were not, he ordered Manikkavachagar to be thrown in jail. As a further punishment he was made to stand outside in the fierce heat of the sun, from where he launched a passionate appeal to Siva to save him.
Chapter Three: The Delivery of the Horses
On the day that the horses were due to be delivered, Siva converted all the local jackals into horses and herded them towards Madurai. Siva and his entourage disguised themselves as horse traders in order to deliver the horses personally. When the king was informed that the promised horses had arrived, he released Manikkavachagar from prison and restored him to his former position. The king, after rewarding Siva by presenting him with a very valuable silk cloth, embroidered with gold, ordered his experts to examine the horses. They all pronounced themselves satisfied with them.
Later that evening, after Siva had handed over the horses and departed, all the horses turned back into jackals, which terrorised the city. Then, the numbers of jackals multiplied until there were millions of them, all of which attacked the people and the animals of Madurai. Shortly after the king had been informed of this latest development, Siva made all the jackals disappear. The king arrested Manikkavachagar again and resumed the former punishment of making him stand outside all day in the hot sun. The chapter ends with Manikkavachagar again appealing to Siva for help.
Chapter Four: The Navvy
Siva responded by causing the Vaigai River to flood Madurai. When the king’s prayers to make the flood subside went unheeded, he asked his advisors if there was anything he had done that might be the cause of this catastrophe. The ministers advised releasing Manikkavachagar from prison, and the king agreed, saying that he too had been thinking of this remedy. When Manikkavachagar was brought before him, the king apologised and asked him to solve the flooding problem. Manikkavachagar prayed to Siva, and Siva responded by making the flood waters subside. In order to prevent subsequent floods, Manikkavachagar ordered an embankment to be built. All the citizens of the city were allocated a portion of the river bank and were told to construct an earthen barrier that would prevent future floods.
An elderly woman called Vanti was too feeble do her allotted work. She appealed to Siva, saying that she could not find any able-bodied workers to help her. Siva decided to appear before her in the form of a worker and do her work for her. When he appeared, Vanti offered him sweet rice cakes as payment, and Siva agreed to take the job. However, once Siva began to do the work, he performed in a very erratic manner, and very little of the work actually got done.
Manikkavachagar asked his subordinates to inspect the river bank to make sure that all the work was being done properly. When one of these inspectors discovered that Siva’s section had not been done properly, he was dragged off to the next person up in the chain of command. This overseer struck Siva with a stick as a punishment for not working properly, but when the stick fell on Siva’s back, he vanished into thin air, and simultaneously everyone in the world and in the heavens felt the pain of the blow at the same time.
As the overseers rushed to Manikkavachagar to tell him about this latest development, Manikkavachagar immediately understood what had happened. He went to the spot where Siva had manifested and lamented that he had been unable to have Siva’s darshan while he was working on the dam. While Manikkavachagar was expressing these sentiments, Siva caused the Vaigai River to dry up completely.
The king finally realised that all these events had just been a divine sport of Siva. He summoned Manikkavachagar and apologised for having treated him so badly. He offered to reinstate him in his old job, but Manikkavachagar declined, saying that he preferred to be with Siva. He left Madurai and went back to Perunturai, where he found Siva and his devotees sitting under the same tree.
Siva informed Manikkavachagar that he would return to Kailas alone, and that everyone there should stay on earth for some more time. He told them that they should stay near the kuruntham tree, worshipping him, until a great fire appeared in a nearby sacred tank. When this occurred they should all jump into the fire.
As Siva began to walk away, Manikkavachagar followed him. Siva told him that when the fire appeared in the tank he should not jump into it along with the other devotees. He should instead go to various famous Siva shrines. He was promised that in each place he would have a vision of Siva. Manikkavachagar was also told that it was his destiny to vanquish a Buddhist scholar in a debate in Chidambaram, after which he could rejoin Siva.
Chapter Five: The Divine Hall
When Manikkavachagar queried these instructions Siva told him that he would obtain his final deliverance in Chidambaram where the latter performs his cosmic dance. Siva then gave him a brief lecture on the meaning and significance of the cosmic dance. When Siva departed, Manikkavachagar rejoined the celestial beings who were worshipping Siva under the kuruntham tree. While he was there he composed some of the hymns that appear in the Tiruvachakam. After a few days, as Siva had predicted, a large fire appeared in the nearby tank. All the devotees of Siva, except for Manikkavachagar, jumped into it, chanting Siva’s name. The celestial beings who had taken on the form of earthly devotees resumed their usual heavenly form when they emerged from the fire and rejoined Siva. As they emerged Siva explained to them that he had asked them to remain on earth a little longer to lessen the pains of separation that Manikkavachagar was feeling. He added that the fire had been necessary to burn up any contamination that might have occurred as a result of their brief visit to the world of men.
Manikkavachagar started meditating under a tree and had a vision in which he saw all that Siva had done on his visits to Madurai and Perunturai, and all the deeds that Manikkavachagar himself was destined to do in the future. When he resumed his usual consciousness, he composed several more Tiruvachakam hymns. He then followed Siva’s instructions and began to visit all the shrines he had been asked to go to. He continued to compose Tiruvachakam hymns, and in each place he visited he had a vision of Siva. His pilgrimage ended in the temple of Chidambaram where Siva appeared to him yet again. When he had visited all the places in Chidambaram associated with Siva and his devotees, and after composing several more Tiruvachakam hymns, he settled in a small hut on the outskirts of the city.
Chapter Six: The Victory over the Buddhists in Debate
The chapter begins with a devotee of Siva going to Sri Lanka and singing the praises of Chidambaram and its Golden Hall where Siva resides. The king of Sri Lanka heard about him and summoned him to appear in his court. The sadhu went and gave a speech to the king in which he extolled the greatness of Chidambaram. A Buddhist scholar who was present became angry and said that he would travel to Chidambaram, convert all the Saivas there and install a statue of the Buddha in the temple. The king, who had a daughter who was dumb, decided to travel to Chidambaram as well in the hope that she might be cured there.
On their arrival, the Buddhist scholar challenged the devotees of Siva to a debate, saying that he would defeat them in argument and prove that their beliefs were wrong. His challenge was accepted and it was agreed that the debate would take place in the presence of the two kings.
On the night before the debate Siva appeared in the dreams of all the temple priests and told them that they should go to Manikkavachagar’s hut and ask him to be their representative in the debate. Manikkavachagar agreed to come the next day and refute the Buddhist’s arguments. When the debate got under way both the Buddhist scholar and Manikkavachagar severely criticised and ridiculed the other’s point of view.
At one point Manikkavachagar grew angry with what he said were the lies coming out of the Buddhist’s mouth. He called on Saraswati, the goddess of speech, to leave the Buddhist’s tongue so that he could no longer utter any falsehoods. When Saraswati complied with this request, the scholar and his associates were all struck dumb. The Sri Lankan king, impressed by this performance, prostrated before Manikkavachagar and informed him that his own daughter was dumb. He added that if Manikkavachagar could cure her, he himself would convert and become a Saiva.
Manikkavachagar called the daughter and asked her to give a public refutation of all the arguments that the Buddhist scholar had propounded. The daughter obliged and, speaking for the first time in her life, gave an erudite lecture that refuted the Buddhist position. The king, overjoyed, became a Saiva and requested Manikkavachagar to cure the dumbness of the Buddhist scholars. Manikkavachagar obliged, and the Buddhists, after acknowledging their erroneous views, also converted to Saivism.
Chapter Seven: The Gaining of the Divine Feet
The final chapter begins with Manikkavachagar living in Chidambaram, singing the remaining hymns of the Tiruvachakam. Siva then took the form of a learned brahmin and came to Manikkavachagar’s hut. He told Manikkavachagar that he had come to learn the Tiruvachakam hymns from him and asked Manikkavachagar to recite them all while he wrote down the words. When Manikkavachagar had completed his recitation, and Siva had written everything down, Siva asked him to compose another work, the Tirukovai, which would express the journey towards Siva in the form of a poem whose superficial theme was the love between man and woman. Manikkavachagar composed this second work on the spot, and Siva wrote it all down. Siva disappeared, taking the poems with him. Manikkavachagar then realised that it was Siva himself who had come to make a record of his poems. Siva, meanwhile, took the poems to his heavenly realm and read them out to all the assembled gods. At the end of Tirukovai he wrote: ‘This work, spoken aloud by the true devotee Vadavurar [Manikkavachagar], is written in the hand of him who dances in the Golden Hall.’
Siva then placed the whole manuscript on the steps outside the inner shrine of the Chidambaram Temple, where it was found the next day when the priests unlocked the temple and went in to perform their morning rituals. They realised immediately that Siva had left this manuscript there for them to read. They went through the work, and when the end was reached, they read the portion in which Siva stated that he had recorded Manikkavachagar’s words.
The people of Chidambaram all came to Manikkavachagar’s house and asked him to narrate all the stories that dealt with Siva’s intervention in his life. Manikkavachagar told them the full story. Then they asked him to explain the inner significance of the poems that Siva had written down. Manikkavachagar agreed to do so in the Golden Hall itself. When he entered the Golden Hall, with all the devotees crowding around, he pointed to Siva and said, ‘He alone is the meaning of all the words’. Manikkavachagar then vanished and never reappeared. This was his final union with Siva’s feet.
(1) In the Periyapuranam, which chronicles the lives of sixty-three of these Saiva bhaktas, at least thirty were non-brahmins, and one was an outcaste.
(2) Hymns to the Dancing Siva by Glen Yocum, 1982 ed., p. 40. Adi-Sankaracharya, who taught in South India in the ninth century, successfully vanquished the Jains and the Buddhists in philosophical debates, but at the grass-roots level it was the singing saints who reconverted the masses back to Hinduism.
(3) I am aware that many competent scholars will disagree with some or all of these dates. In my defence I will say that I have taken them from K. V. Zvelebil’s Handbook of Tamil Literature, which is now widely regarded as being the most accurate and reliable chronicle of Tamil literary history.
(4) Verses 2, 4, 6 and 8 of patikam 99 from the fifth Tirumurai, translated by F. Kingsbury and G. E. Philips in Hymns of the Tamil Saints, 1921, p. 57. Though the translation is a loose one, its lilting rhyming style captures the spirit of the original.
In this page:
1: The King’s Minister
2: Holy Perunturai
3: The Delivery of the Horses
4: The Navvy
5: The Divine Hall
6: The Victory over the Buddhists in Debate
7: The Gaining of the Divine Feet
Home Interviews and personal stories Books by David Godman Arunachala Saints
Tamil Translations Ramana Maharshi - his life and teachings Contact David Godman Search Links
Copyright © 2002–2016 David Godman
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Sunday Night Film Club – DC
Cineastes Unite! A Movie & Dinner Club in Washington, DC
The Sunday Night Film Club (SNFC) gets together at a DC-area theatre every Sunday to watch a film as a group, and then discuss it over dinner and drinks. There is no cost to join the club (other than your ticket and anything you may spend on food/drink afterwards) and there's no obligation to attend every week. It's just a very casual group of people that like film, period.
If you'd like to join us subscribe to our newsletter (in the section below), our RSS feed, subscribe to our iCal calendar, or watch this page. Once a week you will recieve a newsletter announcing the details of that weekend's gathering (Film, Time, Place, etc).
If you have further questions, check out our Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
AFI Silver
AMC Courthouse
AMC Hoffman Center
AMC Loews Dupont Circle 5
Arlington Drafthouse
Avalon Theatre
Landmark Bethesda Row
Navy Memorial
Old Town Theater
Phoenix Theatres Union Station
Regal Ballston Common 12
Regal Bethesda 10
Regal Gallery Place
West End Cinema
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“The Post” – Dec 31st
Join the Washington DC Sunday Night Film Club this Sunday, Dec 31st at 3:50 for The Post at the Landmark Bethesda Row. Look for Brian A. wearing a green and gray sweater in the theatre lobby about 15 minutes before the film. As always, after the film we will descend on a local establishment for dinner/drinks/discussion.
Steven Spielberg directs Meryl Streep and Tom Hanks in The Post, a thrilling drama about the unlikely partnership between The Washington Post’s Katharine Graham (Streep), the first female publisher of a major American newspaper, and editor Ben Bradlee (Hanks), as they race to catch up with The New York Times to expose a massive cover-up of government secrets that spanned three decades and four U.S. Presidents. The two must overcome their differences as they risk their careers – and their very freedom – to help bring long-buried truths to light. The Post marks the first time Meryl Streep, Tom Hanks and Steven Spielberg have collaborated on a project. In addition to directing, Spielberg produces along with Amy Pascal and Kristie Macosko Krieger. The script was written by Liz Hannah and Josh Singer, and the film features an acclaimed ensemble cast including Alison Brie, Carrie Coon, David Cross, Bruce Greenwood, Tracy Letts, Bob Odenkirk, Sarah Paulson, Jesse Plemons, Matthew Rhys, Michael Stuhlbarg, Bradley Whitford and Zach Woods.
Posted on December 28, 2017 Author newsletterCategories Newsletters
Previous Previous post: “Star Wars: The Last Jedi” – Dec 17th
Next Next post: “Lady Bird” – Jan 21st
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Jeremy Renner is a master of illusion in 'The Immigrant'
By Jeff Labrecque
May 07, 2014 at 08:05 PM EDT
In The Immigrant, Marion Cotillard plays Ewa, a Polish woman whose American Dream is hijacked almost as soon as she lands on Ellis Island in 1921. All alone, she’s threatened with deportation until she’s rescued by Bruno (Joaquin Phoenix) — a schemer as dastardly as Pinocchio‘s Stromboli, who forces her into a hard life of servitude and prostitution.
Bruno’s cousin, a magician named Orlando (Jeremy Renner), offers Ewa a ray of hope. And in this exclusive clip from the film, Orlando demonstrates a feat as wondrous as the American Dream itself — as long as you’re willing to ignore the tricks that make the illusion possible.
Director James Gray (We Own the Night) based the film in part on the hard-luck immigrant tales his grandparents told him when he was a child. “One of the funnier things I read in the research I was doing was, an immigrant was asked, ‘How do you feel about America?’ He said, ‘Well, they told me the streets were paved with gold. But I didn’t realize that the streets wouldn’t be paved at all, and I would be the one who needed to do the paving,'” says Gray.
Click below for the clip from the film, which opens May 16, and an extensive Q&A with Gray.
ENTERTAINMENT WEEKLY: The Immigrant debuted at Cannes last year, but it premiered in New York on Tuesday night. How was the reception?
JAMES GRAY: Last night was wonderful. You know, it’s really the hometown crowd. You got a movie about New York and Ellis Island and the Lower East Side. This is the place where people understand the film the most, so it was very gratifying. It’s such an American movie in so many ways. Cannes is fine, Cannes is fun. There were some wonderful reactions out of Cannes, but you go to Cannes and they say, [in French accent] “What is dis Ellis Island?” They don’t really get it.
On a superficial level, the film is very different from your previous New York-based work, in that it’s a period piece with a female protagonist.
I went to see a production of Puccini’s Il Trittico in L.A. in which the two tragedies were directed by William Friedkin and the comedy was directed by Woody Allen. It was really fantastic, and [one of the tragedies] Suor Angelica, which was about a nun who lives in a convent and she has a child out of wedlock, is a profoundly moving opera. It was focused on a woman, and it was sort of like someone gave me the key and I didn’t even know there was a lock or a door. All of sudden, I just thought how beautiful it was because there were no pretensions about macho gun play or anything like that. It was just openly emotional, and I just really thought, “Well, people don’t really make those movies now” — but they used to. They made movies with Barbara Stanwyck and Greer Garson. They don’t do that anymore. So it was really my attempt to be a throwback but with a bit of modern twist to it.
The film is very much a dissection of the mythology of the American dream. It makes me think of Robert Altman’s McCabe and Mrs. Miller, which did a very similar thing with the American West.
You’re beyond on target. That’s incredible you would mention that movie. Nobody else has mentioned that to me, except for the fact that we stole everything from that movie. We watched that movie a lot. Vilmos Zsigmond’s photography, the kind of demythologizing of the American West, it’s such an incredible movie. And the thing that’s so impressive about it is, what I talked about with the cinematographer Darius Khondji and the actors over and over again, is the idea of the American dream. It’s not that it’s a lie. It’s not a lie. But it’s also not a fantasy. The American Dream is something worth fighting for and striving towards, and the reality of it, of course, is more complicated. But I think if you acknowledge the reality of it, it makes it a more potent kind of idea.
In other interviews, you’ve criticized yourself for being bad at directing actors, but you have worked with some very esteemed actors who seem very much on the same page as you. What gives?
I think I’m pretty good at casting. In other words, choosing people who hopefully would want to do the film, who are right for the part. And I think I’m very good at loving actors, and I think that makes up for my kind of ineptitude about being able to speak to them on the set. If you love actors, that goes a long way, because you have to just give them the space to do what they do. That’s not really about direction. And when you work with people like Ellen Burstyn and Robert Duvall and Joaquin and Marion and Vanessa Redgrave and Charlize Theron — all the incredible people I’ve worked with — I mean, come on, they make you look good. Let’s be honest. It’s not like I’m getting a great performance out of my friend, Fred.
I’m always fascinated by casting and, in particular, casting what-ifs, especially when there’s two strong roles with two powerful actors. Did you always envision Joaquin as the pimp and Jeremy as the magician, or did you ever contemplate the reverse?
There was never an issue about who would play what — but you could make an extremely interesting film with the opposite casting. The issue would be then you would have to focus on different aspects of their personalities. With Jeremy, I think the pimp would be overt and direct, and with Joaquin as Orlando, you would have to find the sweetness. Joaquin is a very sweet person in real life, but as an actor, he projects real danger, which by the way, is great. But it’s not the light of hope. All of sudden, Joaquin’s Mr. Brooding comes in, so it would be very interesting.
This is your fourth film with Joaquin, and you obviously have a rapport and a shorthand at this point that you probably don’t have with other actors. Can you verbalize what that relationship is like on the set of a film?
Once the shooting starts, I talk with him very little. The conversation is shockingly brief. And oftentimes it’s non-verbal. So I’ll say to him, “Joaquin, on that last take–” And he’ll go, “I know, I know.” And then he’ll just do, somehow, exactly what I was hoping he would do to correct whatever it is I didn’t like in the previous take. And he’s extremely inventive, so I let him go. That doesn’t mean he goes over the top. You have to reign every actor in if they’re going over the top. But there are times when he’s doing inventive things that I did not suspect or anticipate from the screenplay, and that’s a fantastic thing for a director. You know, the greatest direction ever was from Claude Chabrol where he said, “Surprenez-moi,” which means “Surprise me.” That’s so true, and that’s what Joaquin does. We’re making a film and all of sudden he’s doing things that seem like someone from Mars would be doing. And that’s great.
Did your relationship with him have to be repaired after his I’m Still Here fake documentary, which became a side-show during the release of your last film, Two Lovers?
No, no, no. The thing that’s interesting about my relationship with Joaq is that we love each other very much and we’re extremely close. And yet, we really never talk once the film is over. I can’t control what Joaquin does after the work is over, nor I should be able to, just as he can’t control what I’m doing. So I wasn’t thrilled that he got on David Letterman and totally distracted from a movie that even David Letterman seemed to think was great. But at the same time, he does what he wants to do. He’s a grown up. It is what it is. For selfish reasons, I can’t be pissed for very long because the guy is just top notch. You don’t really get a chance to work with top-notch actors a lot who will work with you, so you seize that opportunity when you get it. You can’t stay mad for too long.
I know you had been working on a science-fiction movie, which would be something I think most everyone interested in your work would be fascinated to see. Is that still in the works?
Absolutely. I’m fairly obsessed with it. It’s a very big-scale thing, though, so it’s going to be a tough and wonderful thing to mount. It’s very different from anything I’ve done. But it’s less science-fiction-y and much more a science-backed movie almost. It’s almost like a Heart of Darkness in space kind of thing. And it would be using a realistic approach. Not like Gravity, which I admire by the way, but it would be like Apollo 11 footage, directed that way. That’s the ambition I have for it.
Is that your next film?
It depends. Whichever one is ready first. There’s also The Lost City of Z, which has Benedict Cumberbatch now involved, so that might be something I do next. And I’ve got another thing at Warner Bros. I’m writing, called White Devil. It depends which one comes together first. Because I’d like to make more films. It’s a beautiful honor to be able to do it. Other than when I’m with my children and my wife, it’s really the only time I’m happy.
Joker director says the Joaquin Phoenix movie 'doesn't follow anything' from the comics
Avengers: Endgame explained: The logic behind the heroes' master plan
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Director of Hulu's immigrant fright film Culture Shock says border crisis is 'everybody's horror story'
Jeremy Renner welcomes baby girl
Jeremy Renner can't be caught in star-studded first Tag trailer
Indecent is a masterful, exquisitely rendered piece of storytelling: EW review
Jeremy Renner joins Jamie Foxx in Blumhouse's Spawn movie
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Master of None star Aziz Ansari returns to Netflix with new stand-up special
Holiday preview: Jeremy Renner
Watch Brad Pitt zip through space in first Ad Astra trailer
Noah Centineo in talks to play He-Man in Masters of the Universe movie
'The Immigrant': Marion Cotillard finds hardship in America
Jeremy Renner and Elizabeth Olsen face bloody murder in new Wind River trailer
Jeremy Renner explains how he broke his arms filming Tag
Todd Phillips shares new Joker image of Joaquin Phoenix, confirms film's R rating
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Campus Sexual Assaults: Understanding the Angles
2014 Higher Ed Seminar
Since 2011, when the U.S. Department of Education made clear that schools’ failure to address incidents of sexual assault adequately could trigger Title IX penalties, this problem—which has long been a taboo topic in higher education—has become the flashpoint issue on campuses across the nation. Each new incident showcases conflicting perspectives, ranging from those of advocates who say colleges are failing victims to men who think the new policy guidelines are stacked against them. Some question whether institutions should even be involved or are these matters better left to police? How can journalists better weigh the critical issues that arise when these incidents and attacks occur?
John Foubert, One in Four/Oklahoma State University
Ada Meloy, American Council on Education
Tyler Kingkade, The Huffington Post
Sexual Assault & Title IX
The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly: Covering the College Student Experience
For many college students — whether fresh out of high school or adults returning to school — their most serious obstacles to a degree won’t be homework or tests, but rather the challenges of navigating student life. Colleges are now being forced to face the longstanding problems that have often led to students’ flailing and failing on their own.
Understanding the Facts on Campus Sexual Assaults
September 29, 2014 Lori Crouch
California became the first state in the country to describe what is meant by “yes means yes” during sexual encounters when Gov. Jerry Brown signed a bill into law on Monday.
And it also puts the onus on California higher education institutions to reshape their sexual assault policies and reporting practices, as The Associated Press reported.
How Reporters Are Covering Campus Sexual Assault Scrutiny
Higher education reporters have produced some first-rate stories in the past few days on a complex and critical topic: Title IX and campus sexual assault.
February 4, 2014 Justin PopeFebruary 2014
Stories about campus crime and safety always attract interest, but these issues also are often difficult to summarize simply. That’s especially true with sexual assault, a subject that has been highly visible in recent headlines. Prominent universities like Yale, the University of North Carolina and Notre Dame have been the subject of investigations by the Department of Education; the alleged involvement of football players in sexual assaults has intensified the spotlight on incidents at Vanderbilt University, the U.S. Naval Academy, Florida State University and the University of Montana.
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Women employees at Manion Gaynor & Manning LLP on their work-life balance, and whether Manion Gaynor & Manning LLP offers remote-jobs, part-time jobs or is a flexible place to work.
How Flexible Do Employees Think Manion Gaynor & Manning LLP Is? (on a scale of 1-5?)
How Work-Life Supportive Is Manion Gaynor & Manning LLP?
Hours: % of women who say Manion Gaynor & Manning LLP has work-life friendly hours Not available Not available
Policies: % of Women Who Say Manion Gaynor & Manning LLP has work-life friendly policies Not available Not available
Culture: % of Women Who Say Manion Gaynor & Manning LLP has work-life friendly culture Not available Not available
Hours: % of women who say Manion Gaynor & Manning LLP has work-life friendly hours
Policies: % of Women Who Say Manion Gaynor & Manning LLP has work-life friendly policies
Culture: % of Women Who Say Manion Gaynor & Manning LLP has work-life friendly culture
Does Manion Gaynor & Manning LLP Offer Flexible, Remote and Part-Time Jobs?
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Lossy compression
In information technology, lossy compression or irreversible compression is the class of data encoding methods that uses inexact approximations and partial data discarding to represent the content. [1]
132 relations: ABX test, Adaptive differential pulse-code modulation, Adaptive Multi-Rate audio codec, Adaptive Transform Acoustic Coding, Advanced Audio Coding, Aesthetics, AptX, Audio Interchange File Format, Audio mastering, Backward compatibility, Bandwidth (computing), Bayesian probability, Better Portable Graphics, Bit, Bitrate peeling, Cartesian Perceptual Compression, Chroma subsampling, Chrominance, Codec, Codec 2, Color space, Compression artifact, Computer file, Cropping (image), Data compression, Decimation (signal processing), Decision theory, Diagnostically Acceptable Irreversible Compression, Digital master, Dirac (video compression format), DjVu, Dolby Digital, Domain of a function, DTS-HD Master Audio, Entropy encoding, Equalization (audio), Estimation theory, Exif, Fault tolerance, Flipped image, Flopped image, Format shifting, Fractal compression, Gamut, Gaussian blur, Generation loss, Graphics processing unit, Grayscale, GSM, H.264/MPEG-4 AVC, ..., Hierarchical modulation, High Efficiency Video Coding, High-dynamic-range imaging, Human body, ICER, ID3, Image, Image scaling, Information technology, Information theory, Interlacing (bitmaps), IrfanView, ITunes Store, JBIG2, JPEG, JPEG 2000, JPEG XR, Kilobyte, LDAC (codec), Lenna, Libjpeg, List of codecs, Lossless compression, Lossy data conversion, Luma (video), Mipmap, Motion JPEG, MP3, MPEG-1, MPEG-1 Audio Layer II, MPEG-2, MPEG-4, MPEG-4 Part 2, MPEG-4 SLS, Multimedia, Musepack, Natural language generation, Netflix, New Horizons, NTSC, Ogg, OptimFROG, Opus (audio format), Plug-in (computing), Portable Network Graphics, Probability, Progressive Graphics File, Psychoacoustics, Pyramid (image processing), Quantization (signal processing), Rate–distortion theory, Raw image format, RealNetworks, S3 Texture Compression, Scalable Video Coding, Scale space, Scan line, Seam carving, Software patent, Sorenson Media, Sound recording and reproduction, Speex, Spotify, Streaming media, Texture mapping, Theora, Transcoding, Transform coding, Transparency (data compression), VC-1, Video, Voice over IP, Vorbis, Vorbis comment, WAV, Wavelet transform, WavPack, Windows Media Audio, YIQ, YUV, Zip (file format), 3GPP. Expand index (82 more) » « Shrink index
ABX test
An ABX test is a method of comparing two choices of sensory stimuli to identify detectable differences between them.
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Adaptive differential pulse-code modulation
Adaptive differential pulse-code modulation (ADPCM) is a variant of differential pulse-code modulation (DPCM) that varies the size of the quantization step, to allow further reduction of the required data bandwidth for a given signal-to-noise ratio.
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Adaptive Multi-Rate audio codec
The Adaptive Multi-Rate (AMR or AMR-NB or GSM-AMR) audio codec is an audio compression format optimized for speech coding.
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Adaptive Transform Acoustic Coding
Adaptive Transform Acoustic Coding (ATRAC) is a family of proprietary audio compression algorithms developed by Sony.
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Advanced Audio Coding
Advanced Audio Coding (AAC) is a proprietary audio coding standard for lossy digital audio compression.
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Aesthetics (also spelled esthetics) is a branch of philosophy that explores the nature of art, beauty, and taste, with the creation and appreciation of beauty.
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AptX
In digital audio data reduction technology, aptX (formerly apt-X) is a family of proprietary audio codec compression algorithms currently owned by Qualcomm.
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Audio Interchange File Format
Audio Interchange File Format (AIFF) is an audio file format standard used for storing sound data for personal computers and other electronic audio devices.
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Mastering, a form of audio post production, is the process of preparing and transferring recorded audio from a source containing the final mix to a data storage device (the master); the source from which all copies will be produced (via methods such as pressing, duplication or replication).
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Backward compatibility is a property of a system, product, or technology that allows for interoperability with an older legacy system, or with input designed for such a system, especially in telecommunications and computing.
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Bandwidth (computing)
In computing, bandwidth is the maximum rate of data transfer across a given path.
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Bayesian probability
Bayesian probability is an interpretation of the concept of probability, in which, instead of frequency or propensity of some phenomenon, probability is interpreted as reasonable expectation representing a state of knowledge or as quantification of a personal belief.
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Better Portable Graphics
Better Portable Graphics (BPG) is a file format for coding digital images, which was created by programmer Fabrice Bellard in 2014.
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The bit (a portmanteau of binary digit) is a basic unit of information used in computing and digital communications.
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Bitrate peeling
Bitrate Peeling is a technique used in Ogg Vorbis audio encoded streams, wherein a stream can be encoded at one bitrate but can be served at that or any lower bitrate.
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Cartesian Perceptual Compression
Cartesian Perceptual Compression (abbreviated CPC, with filename extension.cpc) is a proprietary image file format.
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Chroma subsampling
Chroma subsampling is the practice of encoding images by implementing less resolution for chroma information than for luma information, taking advantage of the human visual system's lower acuity for color differences than for luminance.
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Chrominance (chroma or C for short) is the signal used in video systems to convey the color information of the picture, separately from the accompanying luma signal (or Y for short).
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A codec is a device or computer program for encoding or decoding a digital data stream or signal.
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Codec 2
Codec 2 is a low-bitrate speech audio codec (speech coding) that is patent free and open source.
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A color space is a specific organization of colors.
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Compression artifact
A compression artifact (or artefact) is a noticeable distortion of media (including images, audio, and video) caused by the application of lossy compression.
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A computer file is a computer resource for recording data discretely in a computer storage device.
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Cropping (image)
Cropping is the removal of unwanted outer areas from a photographic or illustrated image.
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In signal processing, data compression, source coding, or bit-rate reduction involves encoding information using fewer bits than the original representation.
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Decimation (signal processing)
In digital signal processing, decimation is the process of reducing the sampling rate of a signal.
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Decision theory (or the theory of choice) is the study of the reasoning underlying an agent's choices.
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Diagnostically Acceptable Irreversible Compression
In medical imaging applications, Diagnostically Acceptable Irreversible Compression, abbreviated DAIC, is the application of irreversible compression in medical imaging to produce a result that has no negative impact on the ability of the user to perform a particular diagnostic task (contribute to making a medical diagnosis using the image).
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A digital master is an image, PDF file, digital recording or another digital asset preserved as the "original" for the purpose of archival storage, reuse and re-expression.
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Dirac (video compression format)
Dirac is an open and royalty-free video compression format, specification and system developed by BBC Research & Development.
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DjVu (like English "déjà vu") is a computer file format designed primarily to store scanned documents, especially those containing a combination of text, line drawings, indexed color images, and photographs.
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Dolby Digital is the name for audio compression technologies developed by Dolby Laboratories.
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Domain of a function
In mathematics, and more specifically in naive set theory, the domain of definition (or simply the domain) of a function is the set of "input" or argument values for which the function is defined.
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DTS-HD Master Audio
DTS-HD Master Audio (DTS-HD MA) is a combined lossless/lossy audio codec created by DTS (formerly Digital Theater Systems), commonly used for surround-sound movie soundtracks on Blu-ray Disc.
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Entropy encoding
In information theory an entropy encoding is a lossless data compression scheme that is independent of the specific characteristics of the medium.
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Equalization (audio)
Equalization or equalisation is the process of adjusting the balance between frequency components within an electronic signal.
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Estimation theory
Estimation theory is a branch of statistics that deals with estimating the values of parameters based on measured empirical data that has a random component.
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Exchangeable image file format (officially Exif, according to JEIDA/JEITA/CIPA specifications) is a standard that specifies the formats for images, sound, and ancillary tags used by digital cameras (including smartphones), scanners and other systems handling image and sound files recorded by digital cameras.
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Fault tolerance is the property that enables a system to continue operating properly in the event of the failure (or one or more faults within) some of its components.
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Flipped image
A flipped image or reversed image, the more formal term, is a static or moving image that is generated by a mirror-reversal of an original across a horizontal axis (a flopped image is mirrored across the vertical axis).
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Flopped image
In photography and graphic arts a flopped image is a technical term for a static or moving image that is generated by a mirror-reversal of an original image across a vertical axis.
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Format shifting
Format shifting is the conversion of media files into different file format or Data compression (video coding format and audio coding format).
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Fractal compression
Fractal compression is a lossy compression method for digital images, based on fractals.
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In color reproduction, including computer graphics and photography, the gamut, or color gamut, is a certain complete subset of colors.
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Gaussian blur
In image processing, a Gaussian blur (also known as Gaussian smoothing) is the result of blurring an image by a Gaussian function (named after mathematician and scientist Carl Friedrich Gauss).
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Generation loss is the loss of quality between subsequent copies or transcodes of data.
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A graphics processing unit (GPU) is a specialized electronic circuit designed to rapidly manipulate and alter memory to accelerate the creation of images in a frame buffer intended for output to a display device.
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In photography, computing, and colorimetry, a grayscale or greyscale image is one in which the value of each pixel is a single sample representing only an amount of light, that is, it carries only intensity information.
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GSM (Global System for Mobile communications) is a standard developed by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) to describe the protocols for second-generation digital cellular networks used by mobile devices such as tablets, first deployed in Finland in December 1991.
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H.264/MPEG-4 AVC
H.264 or MPEG-4 Part 10, Advanced Video Coding (MPEG-4 AVC) is a block-oriented motion-compensation-based video compression standard.
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Hierarchical modulation
Hierarchical modulation, also called layered modulation, is one of the signal processing techniques for multiplexing and modulating multiple data streams into one single symbol stream, where base-layer symbols and enhancement-layer symbols are synchronously overplayed before transmission.
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High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC), also known as H.265 and MPEG-H Part 2, is a video compression standard, one of several potential successors to the widely used AVC (H.264 or MPEG-4 Part 10).
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High-dynamic-range imaging
High-dynamic-range imaging (HDRI) is a high dynamic range (HDR) technique used in imaging and photography to reproduce a greater dynamic range of luminosity than is possible with standard digital imaging or photographic techniques.
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The human body is the entire structure of a human being.
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ICER is a wavelet-based image compression file format used by the NASA Mars Rovers.
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ID3 is a metadata container most often used in conjunction with the MP3 audio file format.
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An image (from imago) is an artifact that depicts visual perception, for example, a photo or a two-dimensional picture, that has a similar appearance to some subject—usually a physical object or a person, thus providing a depiction of it.
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Image scaling
In computer graphics and digital imaging, image scaling refers to the resizing of a digital image.
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Information technology (IT) is the use of computers to store, retrieve, transmit, and manipulate data, or information, often in the context of a business or other enterprise.
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Information theory studies the quantification, storage, and communication of information.
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Interlacing (bitmaps)
Interlacing (also known as interleaving) is a method of encoding a bitmap image such that a person who has partially received it sees a degraded copy of the entire image.
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IrfanView is an image viewer, editor, organiser and converter program for Microsoft Windows.
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The iTunes Store is a software-based online digital media store operated by Apple Inc. It opened on April 28, 2003, and has been the largest music vendor in the United States since April 2008, and the largest music vendor in the world since February 2010.
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JBIG2
JBIG2 is an image compression standard for bi-level images, developed by the Joint Bi-level Image Experts Group.
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JPEG is a commonly used method of lossy compression for digital images, particularly for those images produced by digital photography.
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JPEG 2000
JPEG 2000 (JP2) is an image compression standard and coding system.
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JPEG XR
JPEG XR (JPEG extended range) is a still-image compression standard and file format for continuous tone photographic images, based on technology originally developed and patented by Microsoft under the name HD Photo (formerly Windows Media Photo).
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Kilobyte
The kilobyte is a multiple of the unit byte for digital information.
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LDAC (codec)
LDAC is an audio coding technology developed by Sony, which allows streaming audio over Bluetooth connections up to 990 kbit/s at 24bit/96khz (also called High-resolution audio).
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Lenna or Lena is the name given to a standard test image widely used in the field of image processing since 1973.
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Libjpeg
libjpeg is a free library with functions for handling the JPEG image data format.
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List of codecs
The following is a list of compression formats and related codecs.
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Lossless compression
Lossless compression is a class of data compression algorithms that allows the original data to be perfectly reconstructed from the compressed data.
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Lossy data conversion
A lossy data conversion method is one where converting data between one storage format and another displays data in a form that is "close enough" to be useful, but may differ in some ways from the original.
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Luma (video)
In video, luma represents the brightness in an image (the "black-and-white" or achromatic portion of the image).
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Mipmap
In computer graphics, mipmaps (also MIP maps) or pyramids are pre-calculated, optimized sequences of images, each of which is a progressively lower resolution representation of the same image.
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Motion JPEG
In multimedia, Motion JPEG (M-JPEG or MJPEG) is a video compression format in which each video frame or interlaced field of a digital video sequence is compressed separately as a JPEG image.
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MP3 (formally MPEG-1 Audio Layer III or MPEG-2 Audio Layer III) is an audio coding format for digital audio.
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MPEG-1 is a standard for lossy compression of video and audio.
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MPEG-1 Audio Layer II
MPEG-1 Audio Layer II or MPEG-2 Audio Layer II (MP2, sometimes incorrectly called Musicam or MUSICAM) is a lossy audio compression format defined by ISO/IEC 11172-3 alongside MPEG-1 Audio Layer I and MPEG-1 Audio Layer III (MP3).
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MPEG-2 (a.k.a. H.222/H.262 as defined by the ITU) is a standard for "the generic coding of moving pictures and associated audio information".
MPEG-4 is a method of defining compression of audio and visual (AV) digital data.
MPEG-4 Part 2
MPEG-4 Part 2, MPEG-4 Visual (formally ISO/IEC 14496-2) is a video compression format developed by MPEG.
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MPEG-4 SLS
MPEG-4 SLS, or MPEG-4 Scalable to Lossless as per ISO/IEC 14496-3:2005/Amd 3:2006 (Scalable Lossless Coding), is an extension to the MPEG-4 Part 3 (MPEG-4 Audio) standard to allow lossless audio compression scalable to lossy MPEG-4 General Audio coding methods (e.g., variations of AAC).
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Multimedia is content that uses a combination of different content forms such as text, audio, images, animations, video and interactive content.
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Musepack
Musepack or MPC is an open source lossy audio codec, specifically optimized for transparent compression of stereo audio at bitrates of 160–180 (manual set allows bitrates up to 320) kbit/s.
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Natural language generation (NLG) is the natural language processing task of generating natural language from a machine representation system such as a knowledge base or a logical form.
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Netflix, Inc. is an American over-the-top media services provider, headquartered in Los Gatos, California.
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New Horizons is an interplanetary space probe that was launched as a part of NASA's New Frontiers program.
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NTSC, named after the National Television System Committee,National Television System Committee (1951–1953),, 17 v. illus., diagrs., tables.
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Ogg is a free, open container format maintained by the Xiph.Org Foundation.
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OptimFROG
OptimFROG is a proprietary lossless audio data compression codec developed by Florin Ghido.
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Opus (audio format)
Opus is a lossy audio coding format developed by the Xiph.Org Foundation and standardized by the Internet Engineering Task Force, designed to efficiently code speech and general audio in a single format, while remaining low-latency enough for real-time interactive communication and low-complexity enough for low-end embedded processors.
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Plug-in (computing)
In computing, a plug-in (or plugin, add-in, addin, add-on, addon, or extension) is a software component that adds a specific feature to an existing computer program.
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Portable Network Graphics (PNG, pronounced or) is a raster graphics file format that supports lossless data compression.
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Probability is the measure of the likelihood that an event will occur.
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Progressive Graphics File
PGF (Progressive Graphics File) is a wavelet-based bitmapped image format that employs lossless and lossy data compression.
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Psychoacoustics
Psychoacoustics is the scientific study of sound perception and audiology.
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Pyramid (image processing)
Pyramid, or pyramid representation, is a type of multi-scale signal representation developed by the computer vision, image processing and signal processing communities, in which a signal or an image is subject to repeated smoothing and subsampling.
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Quantization (signal processing)
Quantization, in mathematics and digital signal processing, is the process of mapping input values from a large set (often a continuous set) to output values in a (countable) smaller set.
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Rate–distortion theory
Rate–distortion theory is a major branch of information theory which provides the theoretical foundations for lossy data compression; it addresses the problem of determining the minimal number of bits per symbol, as measured by the rate R, that should be communicated over a channel, so that the source (input signal) can be approximately reconstructed at the receiver (output signal) without exceeding a given distortion D.
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Raw image format
A camera raw image file contains minimally processed data from the image sensor of either a digital camera, image scanner, or motion picture film scanner.
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RealNetworks
RealNetworks, Inc. is a provider of Internet streaming media delivery software and services based in Seattle, Washington, United States.
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S3 Texture Compression
S3 Texture Compression (S3TC) (sometimes also called DXTn or DXTC) is a group of related lossy texture compression algorithms originally developed by Iourcha et al.
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Scalable Video Coding
Scalable Video Coding (SVC) is the name for the Annex G extension of the H.264/MPEG-4 AVC video compression standard.
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Scale space
Scale-space theory is a framework for multi-scale signal representation developed by the computer vision, image processing and signal processing communities with complementary motivations from physics and biological vision.
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Scan line
A scan line (also scanline) is one line, or row, in a raster scanning pattern, such as a line of video on a cathode ray tube (CRT) display of a television set or computer monitor.
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Seam carving
Seam carving (or liquid rescaling) is an algorithm for content-aware image resizing, developed by Shai Avidan, of Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories (MERL), and Ariel Shamir, of the Interdisciplinary Center and MERL.
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A software patent is a patent on a piece of software, such as a computer program, libraries, user interface, or algorithm.
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Sorenson Media
Sorenson Media is an American software company specializing in video encoding technology.
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Sound recording and reproduction
Sound recording and reproduction is an electrical, mechanical, electronic, or digital inscription and re-creation of sound waves, such as spoken voice, singing, instrumental music, or sound effects.
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Speex is an audio compression format specifically tuned for the reproduction of human speech and also a free software speech codec that may be used on VoIP applications and podcasts.
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Spotify Technology SA is a Swedish entertainment company founded by Daniel Ek and Martin Lorentzon.
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Streaming media is multimedia that is constantly received by and presented to an end-user while being delivered by a provider.
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Texture mapping
Texture mapping is a method for defining high frequency detail, surface texture, or color information on a computer-generated graphic or 3D model.
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Theora
Theora is a free lossy video compression format.
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Transcoding is the direct digital-to-digital conversion of one encoding to another, such as for movie data files (e.g., PAL, SECAM, NTSC), audio files (e.g., MP3, WAV), or character encoding (e.g., UTF-8, ISO/IEC 8859).
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Transform coding
Transform coding is a type of data compression for "natural" data like audio signals or photographic images.
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Transparency (data compression)
In data compression and psychoacoustics, transparency is the result of lossy data compression accurate enough that the compressed result is perceptually indistinguishable from the uncompressed input.
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SMPTE 421M, informally known as VC-1, is a video coding format.
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Video is an electronic medium for the recording, copying, playback, broadcasting, and display of moving visual media.
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Voice over Internet Protocol (also voice over IP, VoIP or IP telephony) is a methodology and group of technologies for the delivery of voice communications and multimedia sessions over Internet Protocol (IP) networks, such as the Internet.
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Vorbis is a free and open-source software project headed by the Xiph.Org Foundation.
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Vorbis comment
A Vorbis comment is a metadata container used in the Vorbis, FLAC, Theora, Speex and Opus file formats.
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Waveform Audio File Format (WAVE, or more commonly known as WAV due to its filename extension - both pronounced "wave") (rarely, Audio for Windows) is a Microsoft and IBM audio file format standard for storing an audio bitstream on PCs.
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In mathematics, a wavelet series is a representation of a square-integrable (real- or complex-valued) function by a certain orthonormal series generated by a wavelet.
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WavPack is a free and open-source lossless audio compression format.
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Windows Media Audio
Windows Media Audio (WMA) is the name of a series of audio codecs and their corresponding audio coding formats developed by Microsoft.
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YIQ is the color space used by the NTSC color TV system, employed mainly in North and Central America, and Japan.
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YUV is a color encoding system typically used as part of a color image pipeline.
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Zip (file format)
ZIP is an archive file format that supports lossless data compression.
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3GPP
The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) is a collaboration between groups of telecommunications standards associations, known as the Organizational Partners.
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Redirects here:
Data compression/lossy, Irreversible compression, List of lossy compression methods, Lossy, Lossy data compression, Lossy encoding.
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lossy_compression
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This is a giant online mental map that serves as a basis for concept diagrams. It's free to use and each article or document can be downloaded. It's a tool, resource or reference for study, research, education, learning or teaching, that can be used by teachers, educators, pupils or students; for the academic world: for school, primary, secondary, high school, middle, technical degree, college, university, undergraduate, master's or doctoral degrees; for papers, reports, projects, ideas, documentation, surveys, summaries, or thesis. Here is the definition, explanation, description, or the meaning of each significant on which you need information, and a list of their associated concepts as a glossary. Available in English, Spanish, Portuguese, Japanese, Chinese, French, German, Italian, Polish, Dutch, Russian, Arabic, Hindi, Swedish, Ukrainian, Hungarian, Catalan, Czech, Hebrew, Danish, Finnish, Indonesian, Norwegian, Romanian, Turkish, Vietnamese, Korean, Thai, Greek, Bulgarian, Croatian, Slovak, Lithuanian, Filipino, Latvian, Estonian and Slovenian. More languages soon.
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IAIT SPbPU and the Engineering Center “Center for Computer Engineering” (CompMechLab®) took part in “VUZPROMEXPO-2015”
14 December 2015 Science and Innovation 768
From 2nd to 4th December Technopolis Moscow was housing the III annual national exhibition “VUZPROMEXPO-2015” where the best Russian developments and technologies ready to be industrially introduced were demonstrated. The motto of the forum is “From Idea to Reality”, and it was visited by investors, university researchers, representatives of fundamental and applied science and innovative business. One of the numerous participants of the exhibition was Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University represented by the Institute of Innovative Production Technologies (IIPT SPbPU), the Engineering Center “Center for Computer Engineering” (CompMechLab®), the Joint Institute of Science and Technology (JIST SPbPU) and the Institute of Laser and Welding Technologies (ILWT SPBPU).
The primary focus of the exhibition was on cooperation, a great number of participants confirming this fact, among which are: more than 120 higher education institutions, 30 engineering centers, 15 technical platforms, 20 small innovative businesses and more than 100 enterprises of the real sector of the economy that presented their innovations and developments. Apart from the Polytechnic University, the following universities took part in the exhibition: Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow State University of Technology «STANKIN» (MSTU «STANKIN»), Bauman Moscow State Technical University, the National University of Science and Technology MISiS, the Higher School of Economics, the Far Eastern Federal University, Kazan National Research Technical University named after A.N.Tupolev, Tomsk State University of Control Systems and Radioelectronics, Northern (Arctic) Federal University, ITMO National Research University, Kazan Federal University, etc. One can mention the following directions of research, the results of which can be practically applied in innovative industry: “Information and Telecommunications systems”, “Life Sciences”, “”The Industry of Nanosystems”, “Sustainable Use of Natural Resources”, “Transport and Space Systems”, “Energy Efficiency, Energy Saving, Nuclear Power Engineering”.
D.V. Livanov, the Minister of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, and Pierre Helg, the Ambassador of Switzerland in Russia opened the exhibition. “It is crucially important that modern universities are not only centers for education and fundamental research, but also centers for developing new technologies and innovations. The importance of innovation is on the rise, we are witnessing the growing activity of our leading universities in relation to establishing contacts with new industrial partners and involving them in innovative projects”, said D.V. Livanov. He added that one of the main goals of the exhibition was to help to introduce Russian developments into the high technology industrial sector.
Indeed, university science is one of the fast growing segments. “Today these are universities that publish more than half of research papers, the number of research fellows and engineers is increasing, and the ties with industry are being strengthened”, explained the Minister of Education and Science. On the first day of the exhibition one of the main events was the presentation of developments from the leading universities taking part in the Program for Increasing the International Competitiveness of Russian Universities (Project 5-100).
The developments of the Institute of Advanced Industrial Technologies (IAIT SPbPU) and its main division the Engineering Center “Center for Computer Engineering” (CompMechLab®) SPbPU, which has a unique experience in computer engineering for the leading Russian and foreign industrial enterprises, were of great interest for the participants of the exhibition and the officials of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation. The unique developments of the Institute of Advanced Industrial Technologies of Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University caught the attention of A.B. Povalko, Deputy Minister of Education and Science, and S.V. Salikhov, Director of the Department of Science and Technologies of the same Ministry.
Professor A.I. Borovkov, Vice-Rector for Innovative Projects and S.V. Salkutsan, CEO of IAIT SPbPU demonstrated to A.B. Povalko a visualized variant of the Factory of Future, as well as samples of metal parts printed on a 3D printer for the aircraft industry. One of the latest unique developments is a metal holder for the aircraft industry. Owing to bionic design including computer engineering, topology optimization and additive technologies, the mass of the part became 4.39 times as low as before in comparison with the original product made on the basis of the traditional approach.
Factory of Future (FoF) is a cutting-edge industrial site for creating new generation products, which are globally competitive and customized/personalized. It contains a nucleus (“the intersection of sets”) of the basic Technologies of the Future, i.e. key technologies of the National Technological Initiative (NTI): digital modeling and simulation, creating new materials and additive technologies.
At the exhibition special attention was paid to innovative cooperation. One of the important results of the participation of our University in “VUZPROMEXPO-2015” was a long-term cooperation agreement between IAIT SPbPU and the company “Open Technology Academy”*. On behalf of IAIT SPbPU the agreement was signed by A.I. Borovkov, Vice-Rector for Innovative Projects, Academic Adviser of IAIT SPbPU, Director of the Engineering Center “Center for Computer Engineering” (CompMechLab®), and by D.V. Kaysin, General Director of “Open Technology Academy”.
“For IAIT SPbPU it is important to have a partner involved in distributing and exchanging information, popularizing modern achievements in the sphere of science, engineering and the latest manufacturing technologies, as well as encouraging top-class industrial specialists to share their experience with university students. We hope to cooperate efficiently”, commented A.I. Borovkov.
Currently, IAIT SPbPU is a leader in the sphere of developing cutting-edge technologies in Russia focusing on ensuring global competitiveness of specialists, knowledge, the results of intellectual activity, technologies, services, products, and enterprises of high-technology industry in Russia. It is of great interest for us to cooperate with IAIT in order to develop and implement joint educational programs aimed at training and retraining the staff of the leading industries”, said D.V. Kaysin.
On 3rd December, the second day of the exhibition, a cooperation agreement was signed between IAIT SPbPU and the Engineering Center for High Complexity Prototyping of the National University of Science and Technology MISiS (Director Vladimir Pirozhkov). It was decided to join the efforts in the sphere of research, innovative and educational activities related to computer engineering and industrial design.
We will provide further information concerning the developments of the Joint Institute of Science and Technology (JIST SPbPU) and the Institute of Laser and Welding Technologies (ILWT SPbPU) presented at “VUZPROMEXPO-2015”.
JIST SPbPU is the first institute in Russia using a systemic approach to developing, promoting and introducing industrially state-of-the-art technologies. The mission of JIST SPbPU is to modernize the Russian industry and enhancing its competitiveness.
JIST SPbPU is the leading institute in the sphere of developing cutting-edge industrial technologies in our country focused on ensuring global competitiveness of specialists, knowledge, results of intellectual activity, technologies, services, products and enterprises of high-technology industries in Russia. The main division of JIST SPbPU is the Engineering Center “Center for Computer Engineering” (CompMechLab®) (www.fea.ru) possessing a unique experience in implementing computer engineering projects for the leading Russian and foreign industrial enterprises.
In the global matrix of the National Technological Initiative (NTI) JIST SPbPU occupies a special place at the “intersection” of the basic Technologies of the Future (promising activities): digital modeling and simulation, creating new materials, additive production and promising Markets of the Future, which are to be formed by 2035, such as AeroNet, AutoNet, MariNet, etc. (the market value of each of them exceeding 100 bln dollars).
The team of NTI “Cutting-Edge Industrial Technologies” is made up of a project consortium, which currently includes the Foundation “Center for Strategic Developments”, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, JIST SPbPU (including the Engineering Center “Center for Computer Engineering” (CompMechLab®), Skolkovo Foundation, NPO Saturn, JSC, Open Joint-Stock Company NIZHNY NOVGOROD ENGINEERING COMPANY «Atomenergoproekt» (JSC «NIAEP»), Russian Technology Agency, DATADVANCE LLC, PJSC Rostelecom, and some other companies and organizations. The main goal is to implement the long-term vision of “Factories of Future” by 2035.
Factory of Future, FoF is an innovative industrial site for creating global competitive and customized/personalized new generation products. It contains a nucleus (“intersection of sets”) of the basic Technologies of the Future: digital modeling and simulation, new materials and additive technologies.
*”Open Technology Academy” is a Russian on-line educational platform for mastering engineering and managerial competences in demand in various industries. The project was initiated by the Russian Technology Agency and the UNIWEB Company and it is supported by the Agency for Strategic Initiatives.
SPbPU Media Center
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« The Master
End of Watch »
Note: Dredd is offered in a 3D version as well. As I feel that format (1) actually makes things look worse and (2) solely exists to charge $4 more for the very same film, I watched this in the clearer, brighter, and less expensive 2D.
Dredd is a character featured in British science-fiction oriented 2000 AD comics. He has made it to the big screen once before in a 1995 movie starring Sylvester Stallone. Based on that less than successful adaptation, my expectations weren’t particularly high for this. What a nice surprise that this is an entertaining improvement. Don’t get me wrong, it’s not going to win any storytelling awards. The whole thing plays out like an amalgamation of RoboCop Meets The Raid with a little Mad Max thrown in for good measure. But if you’re looking for a potent summer action flick (foolishly released in the fall) this should fit the bill.
In the future, the United States has become an ever expanding wasteland. People live in housing blocks that have become slums blighted by crime. The Judges are a new type of law enforcement that serve as judge, jury and executioner all in one. Judge Dredd is our hero and Judge Cassandra Anderson is his fledgling sidekick with psychic abilities. Hooligans driving recklessly down the street lead the pair to the Peach Trees housing block. The 200-story slum tower is run by a murderous drug lord called Ma-Ma. She is the sole supplier of Slo-Mo, an addictive new narcotic that hinders the user’s sense of time. Now Dredd and Anderson must infiltrate her drug den and take down Ma-Ma and her ruthless network of thugs within the building.
Dredd is an eye-popping combat film that is a violent pulp tale of mayhem. Actor Karl Urban strikes just the right balance as our lead. He’s all business as a no-nonsense superhero that gets the job done without ever cracking wise. He’s a poker-faced protector that never shows his face. Ok granted we do see his chin at least protruding from a helmet that covers his head. Actress Lena Headey as Ma-Ma is a bit harder to accept. She reads more like the grande dame on a prime time soap opera than the criminal kingpin she portrays here. Thankfully Olivia Thirlby gives us a reason to care in the engaging emotional arc her rookie Judge must undergo. The script conveniently involves a mind altering substance, called Slo-Mo, which gives the director free reign to slow down action sequences whenever the users are hyped up on the product. It effectively slows perception down and renders everything as if the air has been bedazzled with sparkles. Their production design of the future oddly gave me nostalgia for the late 80s sci-fi TV series Max Headroom. Some scenes almost looks as if they’ve been artificially colorized. The effects are kind of cheap, but if you’re a fan of shoot–’em–ups you’ll get your money’s worth. The violence supports an oppressively dreary tone. Its R rating is well deserved, but it’s highly stylized and artificial as befitting its comic book roots. Yes, we’ve seen this all before, but if it ain’t broke, don’t fix it I guess.
This entry was posted on September 21, 2012 at 9:00 pm and is filed under Action, Science Fiction, Superhero with tags 2012. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.
23 Responses to “Dredd”
r361n4 Says:
Good review, its a shame that the final nail has been put in Dredd’s Coffin with it’s terrible opening weekend at the box office. I’d have liked to see what they could have one with a sequel, but that’s the way the world works I guess. When it comes down to it Dredd is just a hard character to sell, with his obscured face, limited personality, etc.
You’re so right. Mainstream audiences (at least in the U.S.) just aren’t taken with this character. Here’s a film that did the source material justice and people still shunned it.
After just seeing The Raid: Redemption, this was almost the same movie. I enjoyed it. It kept me entertained, but ill soon forget all about it.
The setting was remarkably the same – an apartment block on lockdown, but the story felt different. Dredd actually had a story. The Raid? Not so much.
ahdvd Says:
You already know where I stand on this movie Mark, but I did love it’s style and Urban’s take on the character. I’m dissapointed that it hasn’t done better on it’s U.S. release, it only cost $33 million to make so doesn’t have to take a lot at the box office, maybe it will do better in other territories and we’ll be lucky enough to still get a sequel
According to http://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=daily&id=dredd.htm it actually cost $50 million! There’s no chance of that. It’ll be lucky if it does $20 million at this point. 😦
ah, maybe it was £33m not $33m that i read, shame.
fernandorafael Says:
Great review, Mark. Looking forward to watching this one. It’s been surprisingly well-received.
Perhaps people still had bad memories of 1995’s Judge Dredd on the mind. This exceeded expectations.
maybe we’ll see it do the rare thing of going up in next week’s box office as word of mouth spreads? Hey, I can dream.
Arcturus101 (@Arcturus_MGCTv) Says:
Great Review as always Mark! I’m so gutted this didn’t do better at the box office, I can’t even blame the Americans because we didn’t flock to cinema here to watch it either! It went no higher than number 5 at our box office and is already out of the top 5 after 2 weeks! Question: Were you at all familiar with the source material?
I was aware of the 1995 film adaptation Judge Dredd but not with the comic book. The sad thing is, as big a bomb as the Sylvester Stallone film was, it still managed to earn $12 million in its opening weekend. That was at ticket prices from almost 2 decades ago!
Good review Mark. It’s fun, that’s for damn sure, but there was a bigger deal of action that was missing somewhere. I guess I just wanted more blood and guts and maybe that’s my fault, but still. It’s what I wanted! It’s what I needed!
More blood and guts? Check out 2000’s Battle Royale.
martin250 Says:
just letting you know that i’ve listed you to join in a brief questionnaire at my blog. its part of the “childrens-games-for-the-digital-age” activity that was recently passed on to me.
please feel free to answer at your convenience at any time, and if you are unable to participate i will understand as there is no pressure.
http://ajourneyintomovies.wordpress.com/2012/09/28/childrens-games-for-the-digital-age/
nice review Mark. am a bit let down that its a combat film, and that it draws comparisons to the Raid, being set mostly in a building. The Stallone movie was a bit different if i recall. but will still be looking forward to this because its science fiction and you gave it at least 3 stars.
It’s better than I thought it would be and far exceeds the 1995 Stallone film.
The Cinemaniac Says:
This looks like an interesting film.
It’s acceptable sci-fi. I’d recommend watching Looper first now that it’s out.
This movie really took me by surprise. No, it’s not high art… but it is far from bad. Talk about exceeding expectations! Ha-ha!
I know what you mean. I didn’t expect much either. Nice surprise.
Amy Moss (@movie_writing) Says:
Really interesting you got to see it in 2D, it was only released in 3D over here (one of my favourite anti-3D film journalists enjoys pointing this out a little too much!). I loved the look of it, but thought it was a little too violent for me. Violence never used to bother me, perhaps a sign that I’m getting old!
The violence is pretty intense. I’d avoid Seven Psychopaths. It’s much worse.
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Trainwreck to hit Dublin
Filed under: Talking Movies — Fergal Casey @ 11:44 am
Tags: Adventureland, Amy Schumer, Bill Hader, Brie Larson, Chris O'Dowd, Colin Quinn, Comedy Central, Cutting, DIFF, Dublin International Film Festival, Facebook, Funny People, Grainne Humphreys, Inside Amy Schumer, John Cena, Judd Apatow, Knocked Up, Kristen Wiig, LeBron James, Lena Dunham, Maggie Gyllenhaal, Saturday Night Live, Seth Rogen, SNL, Superbad, The 40 Year Old Virgin, The Skeleton Twins, This is 40, Tilda Swinton, Trainwreck, Universal Pictures
Universal Pictures Ireland and Dublin International Film Festival are presenting new comedy Trainwreck in a special screening with red carpet appearances by director Judd Apatow and stars Amy Schumer and Bill Hader. Tickets are €11 and available to purchase on www.diff.ie
Trainwreck, Judd Apatow’s fifth feature film as director, is a portrait of an unforgettable character written by, and starring, Amy Schumer (Inside Amy Schumer) as a woman who lives her life without apologies, even when maybe apologies are what are needed… Since she was a little girl, it’s been drilled into Amy’s head by her roguish dad (Colin Quinn) that monogamy isn’t realistic. Now a magazine writer, she lives by that credo—enjoying what she feels is an uninhibited life free from stifling, boring romantic commitment—but in actuality, she’s kind of in a rut. When she finds herself starting to fall for the subject of her new article; charming and successful sports doctor Aaron (Bill Hader); Amy starts to wonder if other grown-ups, including this guy who really seems to like her, might be on to something. The comedy, from Schumer’s own script, co-stars Brie Larson, John Cena, Tilda Swinton, and LeBron James.
Emmy-nominated Bill Hader, a favourite on Saturday Night Live for 8 years, has a number of memorable screen appearances under his belt from the maniac cop in Superbad, to the whimsical boss in Adventureland, and Kristen Wiig’s depressed sibling in blackly comic drama The Skeleton Twins, but this looks like his break as a mainstream film star. As a producer Apatow has introduced a number of new comedy voices into the mainstream – including Seth Rogen, Lena Dunham, and Chris O’Dowd. As the director of The 40 Year Old Virgin and Knocked Up, he’s almost single-handedly responsible for the resurgence of the R-rated comedy, but after Funny People and This is 40 he’s in need of a hit… Perhaps why he’s hitched his directorial wagon to Schumer’s rising star. Schumer, creator, star, and writer of Emmy-nominated Inside Amy Schumer, the Comedy Central show which premiered in April 2013, placed in the top five on the Billboard charts in 2012 with her comedy album Cutting, and has recently gone super-viral with her response to Maggie Gyllenhaal’s casting-call woes.
“2015 is proving to be the year of Amy Schumer, a pistol-smart satirist, a Facebook feminist, a sassy screenwriter who has film friends in all the right places. She has clambered over her fellow comedic peers to ascend to the throne of this year’s Comic Most Wanted and the Dublin International Film Festival is delighted to welcome her and I can’t wait to meet her!” says Grainne Humphreys, DIFF Director, “In other Festival news we are all eagerly looking forward to DIFF 2016 and we are excited to announce we will be returning to a February Festival in 2016, on new dates of February 18th – 28th.”
Tickets for Trainwreck are €11 and will be available now to purchase on: https://diff.ticketsolve.com/shows/873537433/events
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Fontbonne's Speech Team Goes to the Ivy Leagues
By Alessandra Antonacci '20
On the weekend of February 9th, the Fontbonne Speech Team competed at the 44th University of Pennsylvania Tournament. The weekend consisted of four preliminary rounds on Saturday, along with final rounds on Sunday.
In the category of Original Oratory, Alexa Vasquez (Senior) won 1st place out of 82 entries. In the category of Declamation, with a total of 77 entries, Brynn Nelson (Sophomore) broke into quarters and Juliann Bianco (Sophomore) advanced into semi-finals. In the category of Duo Interpretation, with a total of 37 entries, all three of the team’s duos advanced victorious past the preliminary rounds. The team of Arianna Heinsch (Junior) and Larissa Mignano (Junior) and the new team of Alexandra Mauro (Junior) and Stephanie Patella (Junior) broke into semi-finals. The team of Dianna Gentile (Junior) and Jenna Gaglioti (Junior) advanced to finals and won 4th place. In the category of Dramatic Interpretation, with a total of 68 entries, Arianna Heinsch broke into quarters, and Larissa Mignano advanced into semi-finals.
The following weekend, the team also competed at the 45th Harvard National Forensics Tournament. This tournament consisted of two days of preliminary rounds on both Saturday and Sunday, as well as advancement rounds that broke into octas, quarter-finals, and semi-finals. The final rounds for each category were held on Monday, February 18th. Not only was this tournament more lengthy than the previous weekend at UPenn, but it also hosted around 300 entries per category. Despite this, multiple members of the Speech team still distinguished themselves and advanced past the preliminary rounds.
In the category of Dramatic Interpretation, Arianna Heinsch advanced to doubles and took top 50 out of 300 entries. In the category of Original Oratory, Alexa Vasquez advanced to quarter-finals and took 25th place out of 366 entries. In Duo Interpretation, the team of Arianna Heinsch and Larissa Mignano broke into octas and placed 26th out of 200 entries, and the team of Dianna Gentile and Brynn Nelson also broke into octas and placed 25th out of 200 entries.
Overall, the last two weeks for the Fontbonne Speech Team were extremely successful and they plan to continue practicing in preparation for their approaching State Championship.
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Carlo Zinelli (1916–1974)
March 14, 2017–August 20, 2017
This survey, the first museum exhibition on Carlo Zinelli (1916–1974) in the United States, coincides with the one-hundredth anniversary of the birth of this revered and distinctive Italian artist—a canonical art brut figure included in Jean Dubuffet’s collection from the 1960s. The show highlights four distinct phases in Zinelli’s oeuvre and new scholarship, through a selection of fifty-five paintings (many displayed double-sided), audio recordings of Zinelli, a film, and images by Life magazine photographer John Phillips. The exhibition brings together artworks from the American Folk Art Museum and other private and public collections from the United States and abroad, notably the Collection de l’Art Brut, Lausanne, the Fondazione Culturale Carlo Zinelli, Verona, and the collection of Audrey B. Heckler, New York.
Curated by Valérie Rousseau, PhD, Curator, Self-Taught Art and Art Brut.
An exhibition brochure is available.
The museum would like to thank the Collection de l’Art Brut, Lausanne, the Fondazione Culturale Carlo Zinelli and Comune Di San Giovanni Lupatoto, Verona, the Milwaukee Art Museum, Gordon W. Bailey, Edward V. Blanchard Jr., Andrea Cairone and the John and Annamaria Phillips Foundation, Cavin-Morris Gallery, Audrey B. Heckler, Robert A. Roth, Amr Shaker, and the relatives of Carlo Zinelli for their generous loans to and support of the exhibition.
Image credits: Carlo Zinelli (1916–1974), untitled, San Giacomo Hospital, Verona, Italy, 1960, gouache on paper, 19 1/2 × 27 1/2″, collection of Audrey B. Heckler. Photo by Visko Hatfield.
Carlo Zinelli (1916–1974), untitled (double-sided), San Giacomo Hospital, Verona, Italy, 1970, gouache on paper, 19 × 27 1/2″, collection of Robert A. Roth. Photo by Bill Bengtson.
Carlo Zinelli (1916–1974), untitled (double-sided), San Giacomo Hospital, Verona, Italy, 1961, gouache on paper, 19 3/4 × 27 1/2″, Collection de l’Art Brut, Lausanne, Switzerland, cab-2128. Photo by Henri Germond © Collection de l’Art Brut.
Carlo Zinelli (1916–1974), untitled (double-sided), San Giacomo Hospital, Verona, Italy, 1963, gouache on paper, 13 3/4 × 19 3/4″, Collection de l’Art Brut, Lausanne, Switzerland, cab-2121. Photo by Olivier Laffely, Atelier de numérisation—Ville de Lausanne © Collection de l’Art Brut.
Carlo Zinelli (1916–1974), untitled (double-sided), San Giacomo Hospital, Verona, Italy, 1962, gouache and collage of cigarette-paper packaging on paper, 13 3/4 × 19 3/4″, Collection de l’Art Brut, Lausanne, Switzerland, cab-2119. Photo by Claude Bornand © Collection de l’Art Brut.
Carlo Zinelli (1916–1974), untitled (double-sided), San Giacomo Hospital, Verona, Italy, 1968, gouache, pencil, and pen on paper, 27 1/2 × 19 1/2″, collection of Gordon W. Bailey. Photo by Adam Reich © American Folk Art Museum.
The exhibition is supported in part by Joyce Berger Cowin, the David Davies and Jack Weeden Fund for Exhibitions, the Ford Foundation, Janssen Research & Development, Just Folk: Marcy Carsey/Susan Baerwald, public funds from the New York City Department of Cultural Affairs in partnership with the City Council, and the New York State Council on the Arts with the support of Governor Andrew M. Cuomo and the New York State Legislature.
In Carlo Zinelli and Eugen Gabritschevsky’s Art, the Life Spirit Endures
- Edward M. Gómez
– Edward M. Gómez
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Gaitley Nabs 600th Win, Rams Win Fourth Straight Road Game
Head Coach Stephanie Gaitley won her 600th game last Thursday when the Rams defeated St. Bonaventure. (Julia Comerford/The Fordham Ram)
Filed under Basketball, Sports
By Jack McLoone
It is no secret that Fordham Women’s Basketball head coach Stephanie Gaitley is one of the best in the country. She further cemented that on Thursday, her birthday, when Fordham’s 72-48 win over St. Bonaventure gave Gaitley her 600th career win. The Rams followed that up with a 67-62 victory over George Mason on Sunday.
“All wins are special but because of the significance of the milestone it made it sweeter on my birthday; basically because when you get past 50, you don’t want any more birthdays so other celebrations are welcome!” said Gaitley. “When you hit milestones there a lot of things to take in consideration. First, it means you’re old! But seriously it’s a total team effort that involves a lot of great coaches, players and administrations. It made it special that it was on my birthday because my day started off with a conference call with all three sons and they have been a significant part of the ride along with my husband Frank.”
The win over the Bonnies ended a lopsided affair that was pretty close in the early-goings. With 6:29 left in the half, St. Bonaventure tied it at 21. The Rams responded with a 13-6 run to close the half, finishing up 34-27. Six of the points came from breakout freshman guard Bre Cavanaugh.
Fordham started running on all cylinders in the second half, outscoring the Bonnies 23-9 in the third quarter.
“It took us a half of basketball to settle down and figure ourselves out against St Bonaventure,” said Gaitley. “Once we were able to settle down offensively we locked in on defense.”
While the Bonnies played a much closer fourth quarter, Fordham had built up a significant lead. It was high enough that junior Kristen Ryan and the freshmen bench squad of Katie McLoughlin, Ralene Kwiatkowski, Lauren Murphy and Halei Gillis were able to help celebrate Gaitley’s milestone and birthday by entering in the fourth quarter.
While the win over the Bonnies may have been the milestone win for the Gaitley, it was the George Mason win that is indicative of the kind of coaching that has kept Gaitley in the game for so long. The Rams went on the road to Fairfax, Virginia where the Patriots had yet to lose a game this season, and left with a victory.
“This was a significant win because we won in a difficult atmosphere,” said Gaitley. “We still have four very difficult road games left against some of the top teams in the conference so this win was a big confidence booster.”
The Rams led for the majority of the game. The Patriots never went away even as the Rams built multiple 10-point leads. George Mason finally broke through late in the fourth, taking a two-point lead with 3:43 left to play.
Gaitley praised senior do-it-all forward G’mrice Davis for settling the team down during the Patriots push, something we probably would not have seen out of her even just a year ago.
Davis went to the line twice over that final stretch, hitting all four of her free throws en route to the Rams’ 67-62 victory. She finished 18 points and 13 rebounds for her 20th double-double this season. She did so while matched up against Natalie Butler, who leads the nation in double-doubles this season.
Any coach will tell you that winning on the road is hard. Any coach will also tell you that young players, in particular, have problems on the road in more intense environments. But for these baby Rams, there has not been much of an issue: Fordham has won four straight road A-10 games.
Gaitley gives a lot of credit to chemistry for this young team’s success.
“I really believe the foreign tour was instrumental in helping this team develop the chemistry,” said Gaitley. “As I’ve said before this has been the best chemistry since I have been here.”
The team chemistry has been evident from its first official game this season, and has only improved as it worked through first the tough out-of-conference schedule and now A-10 play.
The Rams enter the back stretch of the season in third in the A-10 with an 8-1 conference record and 17-5 overall. Their last game of January will be on the road at Saint Louis at noon on Wednesday, January 31 where they will look to make it five straight road wins. They then return home on Sunday, February 4 to take on Rhode Island in one of the A-10’s Battle of the Rams matchups.
Tags: Fordham head coach, Fordham Women's Basketball, Jack McLoone, stephanie gaitley
Beyond the Scoreboard: New TV-Deal for WNBA is Bittersweet at Best
Dwyane Wade’s Legacy at the End of the Last Dance
Women’s Basketball Loses to Syracuse in NCAA Tournament
Down Goes the King
Women’s Baaketball Loses to Syracuse
Men’s Basketball Split Final Two Games to End Regular Season
The End of an Impossible Streak
Women’s Basketball Wins A-10 Championship
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David Icke's Official Forums > Main Forums > Earth Changes / Global Warming / Chemtrails / Weather Warfare
Chemtrails in Mainstream Media
Controversial spraying method aims to curb global warming - https://www.cbsnews.com/news/geoengi...ay-2018-11-23/
A fleet of 100 planes making 4,000 worldwide missions per year could help save the world from climate change. Also, it may be relatively cheap. That's the conclusion of a new peer-reviewed study in Environmental Research Letters.
It's the stuff of science fiction. Planes spraying tiny sulphate particulates into the lower stratosphere, around 60,000 feet up. The idea is to help shield the Earth from just enough sunlight to help keep temperatures low.
The researchers examined how practical and costly a hypothetical solar geoengineering project would be beginning 15 years from now. The aim would be to half the temperature increase caused by heat-trapping greenhouse gases.
This method would mimic what large volcanoes do. In 1991, Mount Pinatubo erupted in the Philippines. It was the second largest eruption of the 20th century, according to the United States Geological Survey (USGS).
In total, the eruption injected 20 million tons of sulfur dioxide aerosols into the stratosphere. USGS said the Earth's lower atmosphere temperature dropped by approximately 1-degree Fahrenheit. The effect only lasted a couple of years because the sulfates eventually fell to Earth.
Although controversial, some think that trying to mimic the impacts of a volcano eruption is a viable way to control global warming. This proposed type of climate geoengineering is called stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI). Theoretically if done at scale — and sustained — the impact can be large. The 1-degree temperature drop which accompanied Mount Pinatubo's eruption is equal to about half of the human-caused warming Earth has experienced since the Industrial Revolution began.
Dr. Gernot Wagner from Harvard University is an author of the paper. He said their study shows this type of geoengineering "... would be technically possible strictly from an engineering perspective. It would also be remarkably inexpensive, at an average of around $2 to 2.5 billion per year over the first 15 years."
But to reach that point, the study said an entirely new aircraft needs to be developed. Partly because missions would need to be conducted at nearly double the cruising altitude of commercial airplanes. The study's co-author, Wake Smith explained, "No existing aircraft has the combination of altitude and payload capabilities required."
So, the team investigated what it would cost to develop an aircraft they dub the SAI Lofter (SAIL). They say its fuselage would have a stubby design and the wing area — as well as the thrust — would need to be twice as large. In total, the team estimates the development cost for the airframe to be $2 billion and $350 million to modify existing engines.
In their hypothetical plan, the fleet would start with eight planes in the first year and rise to just under 100 within 15 years. In year one, there would be 4,000 missions, increasing to just over 60,000 per year by year 15. As you can see, this would need to be a sustained and escalating effort.
As one may imagine, a concept like this comes with a lot of controversy. Like treating a fever with aspirin, this type of engineering only treats the symptoms, it does not fix the root cause of the warming: Escalating levels of heat trapping greenhouse gases produced by the burning of fossil fuels.
The American Meteorological Society (AMS) expressed concerns that the possibility of seemingly quick and inexpensive fixes will distract the public and policymakers from addressing the underlying problems and developing adaptation strategies. And if for whatever reason the aerosol missions stopped, within a few years the temperatures would shoot up at breakneck pace. A pace that would likely be too fast for humanity to adjust.
The AMS official policy statement regarding this type of geoengineering begins with a warning, "Reflecting sunlight would likely reduce Earth's average temperature but could also change global circulation patterns with potentially serious consequences such as changing storm tracks and precipitation patterns."
In other words, the atmosphere is complex. Any band-aid fix is bound to have unintended consequences and possibly cause a new set of problems. The AMS goes on to say results of reflecting sunlight "would almost certainly not be the same for all nations and peoples, thus raising legal, ethical, diplomatic and national security concerns." One region may become a desert, while others become flooded out.
And if we learn to control SAI to tailor a favorable result, there's the concern it may be used for the disproportionate benefit of one nation over another. In a 2017 study in the publication Nature Communications, the authors warn their work "... reemphasizes the perils of unilateral geoengineering, which might prove attractive to individual actors due to a greater controllability of local climate responses, but with inherent additional risk elsewhere."
But perhaps the greatest reason to be skeptical of aerosol solar sunlight management is that it's not a silver bullet. As carbon dioxide continues to increase, the oceans are becoming increasingly acidic. According to NOAA, ocean acidification can cascade through the ocean food chain, reducing the ability of shell fish and reef-building corals to produce their skeletons. Injecting aerosols into the stratosphere simply limits sunshine, it does not tackle the underlying carbon dioxide build up. The ocean would continue to acidify.
Despite the potential drawbacks, the AMS does recognize — even with aggressive mitigation — we can't avoid some dangerous consequences of climate change already baked into the system. Plus, the scale of human adaptation is limited. Therefore, they urge caution and continued research.
The AMS policy statement closes with: "Geoengineering will not substitute for either aggressive mitigation or proactive adaptation, but it could contribute to a comprehensive risk management strategy to slow climate change and alleviate some of its negative impacts. The potential to help society cope with climate change and the risks of adverse consequences imply a need for adequate research, appropriate regulation and transparent deliberation."
Occult Corporate Logos Summary: https://forum.davidicke.com/showpost...postcount=1173
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They link to the peer-reviewed study: http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10...26/aae98d/meta
It is the stuff of science fiction, they say. Who would have ever imagined? lol.
oneriver
Artificial Weather Revealed by Post 9-11 Flight Groundings
Monday, July 16th 2012 at 8:30 pm
Three Days Without Contrails
The post-9/11 grounding of all commercial aircraft resulted in the sudden disappearance of condensation trails (contrails) from jet aircraft across the entire United States. According to the Nature study, the potential of contrails "...from jet aircraft to affect regional-scale surface temperatures has been debated for years...," but it was not until the three-day grounding period that doubts concerning the existence of the phenomenon could be put to rest.
The Phenomenon: A 1.8 Degree Celsius Increase In Temperature in North America
The study found "...an anomalous increase in the average diurnal temperature range (that is, the difference between the daytime maximum and night-time minimum temperatures) for the period 11-14 September 2001."
They go on to explain: "Because persisting contrails can reduce the transfer of both incoming solar and outgoing infrared radiation and so reduce the daily temperature range, we attribute at least a portion of this anomaly to the absence of contrails over this period."
http://www.greenmedinfo.com/blog/art...ght-groundings
http://www.greenmedinfo.com/blog/art...ght-groundings..
Good coherent article which people should read carefully and in it's entirety and one which most forum members and visitors will be familiar with even if they don't agree wholeheartedly with it's analysis.
In anycase one doesn't have to look hard to realise who are the perpetrators and their accomplices in the conspiracy in this case.
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Film Talk September 11, 2016 Actress, Film Talk
Natali Broods: “My main goal is to become a better actress by playing roles that I’ve never played before”
The career of four-time Ensor Award nominated actress Natali Broods (b. 1976) has been going pretty strong in Belgium, her native country. Ranging from stage roles in plays such as “Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf?” and “Les antigones,” to numerous appearances on TV, portraying a villain psychiatrist in the drama series “Zone Stad” (2013, about the Antwerp police department), or as the mayor’s daughter in tragedy-comedy “Met Man en Macht” (2013), and occasionally making guest appearances in series such as the highly rated “Safety First” (2014) comedy series, she also left her mark on the booming Flemish film industry, considering her leading roles in some of her latest features “Waste Land” (2014) and “Galloping Mind” (2015), both splendidly acted dramas with a classy cast, and with the dramatic punch definitely hitting its mark.
The trailer of “Waste Land” (2015) with English-language subtitles
Ms. Broods, a talented, engrossing and skilful actress, known and praised for her convincing in-depth, intense, and subtle character roles, is one of Belgium’s acting ambassadors of the decade. After the Academy Award nominations in the Foreign Language category of two Flemish films recently, “Rundskop” (2011, a.k.a. “Bullhead”) and “The Broken Circle Breakdown” (2012) – which directly or indirectly paved the way for several of Ms. Broods’ Flemish fellow-actors to work abroad, including Matthias Schoenaerts, Veerle Baetens, Sam Louwyck, Jan Bijvoet, Johan Heldenbergh, Lien Van de Kelder or Wim Willaert, as well as directors as Michaël R. Roskam, Robin Pront or Pieter Van Hees – they are all leaving Flanders (at least) temporarily, simply because they are such great craftsmen and therefore are being noticed easily by foreign talent agents and producers. Ms. Broods is undoubtedly standing next in line to join their company. By the end of the year, she will be performing once again on the Paris stage. Ms. Broods is going places.
She has been a reliable actress ever since day one – with her impressive screen debut in “S.” (1998), playing a young girl in a highly dysfunctional family who is unable to get her life on the right tracks. Primarily aiming at the art-house market, it didn’t stop her from going from one film to another, earning her the Plateau Award as Best Actress in her second feature “Any Way the Wind Blows” (2003). Later on, she was nominated for Flanders’ most prestigious film award, the Ensor, for her supporting role in director Felix van Groeningen’s “De Helaasheid der Dingen” (2009, a.k.a. “Misfortunates”), as best actress in “Swooni” (2011), a drama set in a luxurious Brussels hotel (also nominated at the Chicago Film Festival), and “Waste Land” (2014), a psychological thriller about a man and a city in crisis during the nine months of pregnancy of his wife (character played by Ms. Broods). The following year, she appeared in “Galloping Mind” (2015), a drama about twins separated at birth whose paths cross again in their early teens, which another Ensor Award nomination.
The trailer of “Galloping Mind” (2015)
I met Ms. Broods, clearly an actress who’s not afraid to accept challenging and demanding roles, last June at the 14th Brussels Film Festival where she was a member of the jury. In between the films she and her colleagues had to view, judge and rate, this is the conversation I had with her.
Which standards do you use to accept or turn down a role?
The most important things to me are the screenplay, who will be directing it, and who else will be in the cast. When I first get a new screenplay to go through, I don’t read it back-to-back: sometimes it helps me to put it away for a while and continue reading it the following day. It gives me time to reflect, think things over, and an important issue for me is how I feel about it and how it triggers my curiosity. As far as the director is concerned, it makes it easier if it is someone that I know or if I’m familiar with his work – although this is not crucial to me, because then you won’t get to work with someone new. It is important though that I can talk to the director about the screenplay in general, about the character I am playing more specifically, and that you both make sure you’re on the same page, that you’re on the same wavelength.
Even though the Flemish film industry is booming enormously, we’re not that productive compared to most other countries. We’re only a small community of six million people, after all. But looking at the films you did so far, not to mention your television and stage work, you’ve played a lot of great roles and made very interesting and intriguing choices up until now as far as your projects are concerned, didn’t you?
I am pleased with the choices I made so far, although I regret that some of the films we do here deserve to be in the spotlight a little more than they are now. I never choose a role in terms of commercial success, but focus on what the part has got to offer. Whenever people recognize me in the streets, it mostly has to do with something I did for television, and not because of a film that I am really proud of. I do realize that certain films I did, such as “Waste Land”, are considered to be art-house films, and it’s a pity that this label automatically assumes that it’s a film which is difficult to understand. But on the other hand, I don’t make movies to become a famous actress, that’s not my ambition. My main goal is to become a better actress by playing roles that I’ve never played before or exploring new characters.
Don’t we, at least here in Flanders, tend to be a little bit too serious at times in the films we make? Wouldn’t a light touch of comedy now and then make the Flemish films even better than they are now?
What I prefer in film is a tragedy with a little humor, that makes it very interesting and I think it’s a perfect combination. But I have to say that the change, the evolution of the Flemish film industry has been enormous and I have experienced it myself. My first film, “S.” [1998], was made in fourteen days. I was still at school back then, and the difference with studying and learning your craft, compared to working on a professional film set, is that you’re very much aware that at school there are a lot of things you’re not able to do, while you want to surprise everyone. On a set you want to know what your character is all about, where the story is focusing on, and all of this in a very professional way with everyone involved and serving the same purpose. After “S.” I did “Any Way the Wind Blows” [2003] which also did pretty well – not an uptight project, but more rock ‘n’ roll – I got to work with [director] Fien Troch… When I started out, we still shot on tape. You had to concentrate and focus much more then: there was no way we could do several takes with the budgets we were working with. Now it’s all digital, which makes a huge difference on the set. That doesn’t mean you can do as many takes as you want, because there’s still a tight shooting schedule, but there are more and better opportunities now.
Which do you prefer: performing on the stage, shooting for television or making a movie?
I did a series a few years ago, “Met Man en Macht” (2013) and I recently finished another one called “Tabula Rasa,” two great series and such projects, such miniseries, are almost like making a movie – a huge difference compared to appearing in a TV series when you have a small part: there’s often no rehearsal, it all has to go very fast, and I don’t know if I’d do that again. But with these two series, we had the opportunities to talk about our characters, rehearse,… That’s very rewarding and for me personally – I like TV series. A lot of them are very good. But overall, I did more movies than I did television work, while my work on the stage is also very interesting. I like it very much and I am very proud of what I did so far, so I try to combine things as much as possible. Theater work is always planned way ahead, I am part of the theater company “DE KOE”, I am responsible for our working schedule as well. We also go on tour, we play abroad and I love performing live on stage. But I have had periods in my life when I worked on a film set all day long – getting up in the morning at 6 AM – and in the evening I had to be on stage. So this is a complex working schedule, but I have a very nice job on the stage that I really love. On the other hand, being committed to the theater the way I am, I sometimes have to pass on interesting roles in film or television, and that’s a pity. But fortunately, most of the time things can work out pretty well. In September and October I will be making a new film, and a scheduled play in Paris at that time will be postponed to December. It takes a lot of planning, taking some chances, and always hoping for the best. That makes it all exciting. But to answer your question: I would love to continue combining the stage, television and film, and if you love doing what you do, you got a tremendous amount of energy.
Jérémie Renier and Natali Broods, as husband and wife, play the leading roles in “Waste Land” (2014), directed by Pieter Van Hees
Does working abroad sound appealing to you?
Earlier this year, we performed on the Paris stage, we also worked in Berlin. Flemish theater is doing very well and it is really on the map: we got a good reputation across the border – in France, they really love us. We often play with the three of us, along with other actors that we ask to join in. We don’t have a director, so we have our own style. At this point, both Flemish theater and film are doing very well, and of course, I would love to work abroad in an English or French-language film, but then I need to focus more on it, I think. Unless I’m lucky and they simply pick me out – even if it would be a small part, I won’t mind. As an actor, sometimes you can do with a small part as much as with a leading role: there are no small parts. This makes it all the more interesting to appear in a foreign-language film.
What is in your opinion one of the difficult things about acting?
The here and now, as you got it in daily life. You have the same issue on the stage: when you do five performances a week, it’s very difficult to do it as fresh time and again. That’s a real challenge: you have to forget the performance you did the day before, but you also need to forget about the errands you still have to do, or the things you have to do when you’ll be at home later in the evening. You can face that very same problem on a film set as well: suppose there’s a scene you think you have rehearsed too much, then you’re not there anymore when the camera starts rolling. The momentum is gone, because you start thinking, ‘I will do it exactly the same way as I rehearsed it.’ And if you do that, the magic is gone. I remember when we did “Swooni” [2011], there’s this scene at the hotel lockers, and at one point, I had to cry. It didn’t happen right away, it took a while for the tears to come, everybody was waiting and I remember that all of a sudden, there were the tears. Our DOP Frank Van den Eeden had seen it, and without any hesitation, even before director Kaat Beels had said ‘Action,’ he had turned on the camera and he was filming me the whole time. That was the right moment – perfect timing – and we had exactly what we needed, without any specific rehearsal. What acting is all about, in my opinion, is that you have to know your lines perfectly, then forget them entirely and say them as if it were the first time you’d say them. Even if it’s take after take… you have to know a lot in the beginning and at the same time forget a lot, that’s what I learned from [Flemish actress and drama coach] Dora van der Groen [1927-2015]. When I do my first and second take, I am always at my very best, and when they decide on the set to do a few more – just to make sure they got it right – then I feel I am lost for a number of takes, until it comes back again. It is the same when you are performing on stage: the first performances work out brilliantly, because it’s all brand-new, then you sort of get used to it, until you start to discover new things and you’re back on the right track.
When you decide to go to the movies, how and why do you choose the film you would like to see?
I prefer psychological dramas or psychological thrillers, but it doesn’t have to be necessarily a film, it might as well be a series. I loved “The Lobster” [2015]. Lately, I saw a very good series called “The Affair” [2014] with Dominic West and Ruth Wilson, and only very recently, I got to see “Toni Erdmann” [2016] which I thought was terrific. There are a number of others as well, but I am not that much interested in the “Spiderman” sort of adventure films, probably because I’m not too familiar with them.
Brussels Film Festival, Brussels (Belgium)
S. (1998) DIR – SCR Guido Hendrickx PROD Luc Reynaert CAM Jan Vancaillie MUS Patrick Riguelle ED Ewin Ruckaert CAST Natali Broods (S.), Isnel de Silveira, Katelijne Dame, Josse De Pauw, Jan Decleir, Jurgen Delnaet, Inge Paulussen, Dora Van der Groen
ANY WAY THE WIND BLOWS (2003) DIR – SCR – MUS Tom Barman PROD Alex Stockman, Kat Camerlynck CAM Renaat Lambeets ED Els Voorpoels CAST Frank Vercruyssen, Diane De Belder, Eric Kloeck, Natali Broods (Natalie), Matthias Schoenaerts, Dirk Roothooft, Jonas Boel, Sam Louwyck, Frank Focketyn, Jan Van Looveren, Johan Heldenbergh, Guido Hendrickx, Ben Segers
10 JAAR “LEUVEN KORT” (2004) DIR Vincent Bal, Dirk Beliën, Lars Damoiseaux, Hans Herbots, Evelien Hoedekie, Daniël Lambrechts, Erik Lamens, Koen Mortier, Wouter Sel, Reinout Swinnen, Patrice Troye, Fien Troch, Lieven Van Baelen, Dorothée Van Den Berghe, Pieter Van Hees, Hilde Van Mieghem, Christophe Van Rompaey, Joël Vanhoebrouck, Brecht Vanhoenacker, Jakob Verbruggen, Willem Wallyn CAST Frank Vercruyssen, Damiaan De Schrijver, Peter Van den Begin, Veerle Dobbelaere, Dimitri Leue, Jenny Tanghe, Gene Bervoets, Frank Focketyn, Fred Van Kuyck, Hilde Van Mieghem, Dirk Roofthooft, Els Dottermans, Stany Crets, Natali Broods, Sam Louwyck, Tom Van Dyck, Kader Gurbüz, Bert André, Ianka Fleerackers, Pieter Embrechts, Nand Buyl
EEN ANDER ZIJN GELUK, a.k.a. SOMEONE ELSE’S HAPPINESS (2005) DIR – SCR Fien Troch PROD Antonio Lombardo CAM Frank Van den Eeden MUS Peter Van Laerhoven ED Nico Leunen CAST Ina Geerts, Johanna ter Steege, Johan Leysen, Natali Broods (Gerda), Elmo Mistlaen, Peter Van den Begin, Josse De Pauw, Viviane de Muynck, Geert Van Rampelberg, Jan Decleir
DE HELAASHEID DER DINGEN, a.k.a. MISFORTUNATES (2009) DIR Felix Van Groeningen PROD Dirk Impens SCR Felix Van Groeningen, Christophe Dirickx (novel by Dimitri Verhulst) CAM Ruben Impens MUS Jef Neve ED Nico Leunen CAST Valentijn Dhaenens, Kenneth Vanbaeden, Koen De Graeve, Wouter Hendrickx, Johan Heldenbergh, Bert Haelvoet, Gilda De Bal, Natali Broods (Rosie), Pauline Grossen, Charlotte Vandermeersch, Steven Van Herreweghe, Tom Audenaert
SWOONI (2011) DIR Kaat Beels PROD Peter Bouckaert SCR Michel Sabbe, Annelies Verbeke CAM Frank Van den Eeden ED Philippe Ravoet CAST Natali Broods (Vicky), Enrique De Roeck, Sara de Roo, Viviane de Muynck, Alexander Provoost, Geert Van Rampelberg
WASTE LAND (2014) DIR – SCR Pieter Van Hees PROD Koen Mortier, Eurydice Gysel CAM Menno Hans ED Nico Leunen CAST Jérémie Renier, Natali Broods (Kathleen Woeste), Babetida Sadjo, Peter Van den Begin, Peter van den Eede, Mourade Zeguendi
GALLOPING MIND (2015) DIR – SCR Wim Vandekeybus PROD Bart Van Langendonck CAM Gábor Szabó MUS Marc Ribot, Mauro Pawlowski ED Dieter Diependaele CAST Jerry Killick, Natali Broods (Sarah), Orsi Tóth, Balász Meszáros, Zsófia Rea
MY FIRST HIGHWAY (2016) DIR – SCR Kevin Meul PROD Geoffrey Enthoven, Mariano Vanhoof CAM Menno Mans ED Thomas Pooters CAST Natali Broods (Mom), Ruth Becquart, Romy Lauwers, Mathias Sercu, Victor Solé, Aaron Roggeman
HOME (2016) DIR Fien Troch PROD Antonio Lombardo SCR Fien Troch, Nico Leunen CAM Frank Van den Eeden ED Nico Leunen CAST Jeroen Perceval, Tom Audenaert, Kevin Janssens, Natali Broods (Teacher), Els Dottermans, Katelijne Verbeke
Posted in Actress, Film Talk and tagged Any Way the Wind Blows, Bullhead, De Helaasheid der Dingen, DE KOE, Dominic West, Dora Van der Groen, Ensor Award, Felix van Groeningen, Fien Troch, Frank Van den Eeden, Galloping Mind, Jan Bijvoet, Johan Heldenbergh, Kaat Beels, Les antigones, Lien Van de Kelder, Matthias Schoenaerts, Met Man en Macht, Michaël R. Roskam, Misfortunates, Natali Broods, Pieter Van Hees, Plateau Award, Robin Pront, Rundskop, Ruth Wilson, S., Safety First, Sam Louwyck, Spiderman, Swooni, Tabula Rasa, The Affair, The Broken Circle Breakdown, The Lobster, Toni Erdmann, Veerle Baetens, Waste Land, Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?, Wim Willaert, Zone Stad. Bookmark the permalink.
Tran Anh Hung: “For me, the most important thing about a movie is the language of cinema”
French survey: “Les français, le cinéma et les critiques,” or how they choose the movies they see
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ContraVir Pharmaceuticals Sets the Stage for CRV431 Development in NASH with Positive Results from Second Model of Liver Fibrosis
GlobeNewswire• June 6, 2019
- Further evidence of unique mechanism beneficial to NASH treatment -
EDISON, N.J., June 06, 2019 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- ContraVir Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (CTRV), a biopharmaceutical company focused on the development of therapeutic drugs for the treatment of liver disease arising from non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (“NASH”) and chronic viral infection, today announced findings from a preclinical study where CRV431, a novel cyclophilin inhibitor, significantly decreased the extent of fibrosis in a second animal model of liver fibrosis. Fibrosis, or scarring, of the liver is a hallmark symptom of NASH that results in impaired liver function. Obeticholic acid (“OCA”), a semi-synthetic bile acid analogue drug approved for the treatment primary biliary cholangitis (“PBC”) and being evaluated in Phase 3 trials by another company, was used as a comparator drug in the study and did not decrease the extent of fibrosis in this study conducted by ContraVir.
In this industry-standard model, liver fibrosis is induced in mice by administering carbon tetrachloride (“CCl4”). In the preclinical study, CCl4-treated mice received either 50 mg/kg of CRV431; 10 mg/kg of OCA; or a vehicle control. All were administered orally, once daily for six weeks. Liver fibrosis was then quantified using Sirius Red staining to measure the amount of hepatic collagen, which accumulates in fibrosis. Compared to the control group, CRV431 reduced fibrosis scores by approximately 43% (p = 0.005), whereas OCA did not demonstrate a statistically significant reduction in fibrosis.
“This is the second animal model, and the fifth study overall, in which CRV431 consistently demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in fibrosis,” said Dr. Robert Foster, Chief Executive Officer of ContraVir. “In addition, this study showed that CRV431 reduced fibrosis where OCA, a drug approved for PBC with potential to treat additional liver diseases, such as NASH, did not. Therefore, CRV431’s superior efficacy profile in this model, is very promising and is especially exciting given CRV431’s additional anti-viral and anti-cancer properties we have demonstrated in other preclinical studies. We will continue to study additional models of fibrosis in preparation for future NASH clinical trials.”
This trial, conducted at the Scripps Research Institute, is the fifth to demonstrate statistically significant anti-fibrotic efficacy of CRV431, but the first to use the CCl4 animal model. Previously, four separate, independent preclinical studies demonstrated similar effects of CRV431 in a STAM NASH model. In the STAM NASH model, liver fibrosis is induced in mice by administering streptozotocin, followed by a high fat diet beginning at three weeks of age and continuing for the duration of the study. All four studies showed statistically significant reductions in fibrosis scores:
In the first study, conducted at the Stelic Institute in Japan, STAM NASH mice were administered CRV431 orally, once daily for three weeks at a dose of 20 mg/kg, which decreased the extent of fibrosis by 57% compared to vehicle control (p < 0.01).
In the second study, conducted at the Scripps Research Institute, STAM NASH mice were administered CRV431 orally, once daily for six weeks at a dose of 50 mg/kg, which decreased the extent of fibrosis by 46% compared to vehicle control (p = 0.03).
In the third study, conducted at the Scripps Research Institute, STAM NASH mice were administered CRV431 orally, once daily for 11 weeks at a dose of 50 mg/kg, which decreased the extent of fibrosis by 37% compared to vehicle control (p = 0.01).
In the fourth study, conducted at the Scripps Research Institute, STAM NASH mice were administered CRV431 orally, once daily for 10 weeks at a dose of 50 mg/kg but at a much later stage of disease. In this study, fibrosis was reduced by 44%, confirming CRV431 efficacy across a wide range of disease time points (p=0.014).
ContraVir is developing CRV431 for NASH, fibrosis and other liver diseases such as viral hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma. A Phase 1, single ascending dose study of CRV431 was safe and well tolerated in humans.
About ContraVir Pharmaceuticals
ContraVir is a clinical stage biopharmaceutical company focused on the development of targeted therapies for liver disease arising from non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and chronic hepatitis virus infection (HBV, HCV, HDV). The company’s lead drug candidate, CRV431, reduces liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma tumor burden in experimental models of NASH. Preclinical studies also have demonstrated antiviral activities towards HBV, HCV, and HDV through several mechanisms. These diverse therapeutic activities result from CRV431’s potent inhibition of cyclophilin enzymes, which are involved in many disease processes. Currently in clinical phase development, CRV431 shows potential to play an important role in the overall treatment of liver disease - from triggering events through to end-stage disease. For more information, please visit www.contravir.com.
Certain statements in this press release are forward-looking within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements may be identified by the use of forward-looking words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “forecast,” “estimated,” and “intend,” among others. These forward-looking statements are based on ContraVir’s current expectations and actual results could differ materially. There are a number of factors that could cause actual events to differ materially from those indicated by such forward-looking statements. These factors include, but are not limited to, substantial competition; our ability to continue as a going concern; our need for additional financing; uncertainties of patent protection and litigation; uncertainties with respect to lengthy and expensive clinical trials, that results of earlier studies and trials may not be predictive of future trial results; uncertainties of government or third party payer reimbursement; limited sales and marketing efforts and dependence upon third parties; and risks related to failure to obtain FDA clearances or approvals and noncompliance with FDA regulations. As with any drug candidates under development, there are significant risks in the development, regulatory approval, and commercialization of new products. There are no guarantees that future clinical trials discussed in this press release will be completed or successful, or that any product will receive regulatory approval for any indication or prove to be commercially successful. ContraVir does not undertake an obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statement. Investors should read the risk factors set forth in ContraVir’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 and other periodic reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
Stephen Kilmer
ContraVir Investor Relations
skilmer@contravir.com
Obesity and old age blamed as organ transplants fall despite record number of donors
Sony and Microsoft Throw GameStop a Lifeline
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Industrial Logistics Properties Trust (ILPT) Q4 2018 Earnings Conference Call Transcript
Motley Fool Transcribers, The Motley Fool
Motley Fool February 20, 2019
Logo of jester cap with thought bubble.
Industrial Logistics Properties Trust (NASDAQ: ILPT)
Feb. 20, 2019, 10:00 a.m. ET
Good morning and welcome to the Industrial Logistics Properties Trust's Fourth Quarter 2018 Financial Results Conference call. All participants will be in listen-only mode. (Operator Instructions) Please note, this event is being recorded.
I would now like to turn the conference over to Olivia Snyder, Manager of Investor Relations. Please go ahead.
Olivia Snyder -- Manager of Investor Relations
Thank you, and good morning, everyone, thanks for joining us today. With me on the call are ILPT's President, John Murray; and Chief Financial Officer, Rick Siedel. In just a moment, they will provide details about our business and our performance for the fourth quarter of 2018. We will then open the call to your questions.
First, I would like to note that recording and retransmission of today's conference call is prohibited without the prior written consent of the Company. Also note that today's conference call contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and other securities laws. These forward-looking statements are based on ILPT's beliefs and expectations as of today, Wednesday, February 20, 2019, and actual results may differ materially from those that we project.
The Company undertakes no obligation to revise or publicly release the results of any revision to the forward-looking statements made in today's conference call. Additional information concerning factors that could cause those differences is contained in our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission or SEC, which can be accessed from our website ilptreit.com or the SEC's website. Investors are cautioned not to place undue reliance upon any forward-looking statements.
In addition, we will be discussing non-GAAP numbers during this call, including normalized funds from operations or normalized FFO and cash-based net operating income or cash basis NOI. A reconciliation of these non-GAAP figures to net income and the components to calculate cash available for distribution or CAD are available in our supplemental operating and financial data package, which also can be found on our website.
And now, I will turn the call over to John.
John Murray -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Thank you, Olivia. Good morning, everyone, and welcome to the fourth quarter earnings call for Industrial Logistics Properties Trust or ILPT. This is my first earnings call as President of ILPT. I'm enthusiastic about the outlook for this Company and our opportunities to create value for our shareholders.
This morning, we reported fourth quarter normalized FFO of $25.9 million or $0.40 per share. As of the end of the fourth quarter, ILPT's portfolio consisted of 270 primarily warehouse and distribution properties with 29.5 million square feet located in 26 states. Approximately 58% of ILPT's annualized revenues came from 16.8 million square feet of industrial land located on the island of Oahu in Hawaii. Our Mainland portfolio consisted of 44 buildings, 12.7 million square feet, located in 25 states that were 100% leased with an average lease term of approximately eight years as of quarter-end.
During the fourth quarter, we continue to execute on our business plan with strong leasing activity and Mainland acquisitions. We entered new and renewal leases and completed rent resets for a total of approximately 1.9 million square feet at rents that were 23.7% higher than prior rents for the same space.
The average lease term for new and renewal leases was 14.4 years and leasing capital per square foot per lease year was $0.06. Including rent resets, leasing capital per square foot per lease year was approximately $0.01.
Portfolio occupancy as of the end of the fourth quarter was 99.3%, unchanged from last quarter and down from 99.9% for the prior year. We have no near-term lease expirations on the mainland with only 0.3% of total annualized rents expiring this year and less than 2% expiring by the end of 2020.
Moving to Hawaii, we have 478,000 square feet of leases for $1.9 million of total annualized rent scheduled to expire during 2019, in addition to 1.8 million square feet for $5.9 million of annualized rent that is scheduled to reset. Nearly 50% of our Hawaii leases mark-to-market is through rent resets or as leases roll-over over the next five years. We continue to be encouraged by our leasing results and our expectation is the rents will continue to increase in Hawaii due to the unique characteristics of these properties.
Moving on to acquisitions, as previously discussed, during the fourth quarter, we acquired one property in Maple Grove, Minnesota and one land parcel in Ankeny, Iowa, both of which were discussed in detail on our third quarter earnings call.
Since year-end, we have remained active and recently announced the 10-year $650 million mortgage financing on a portfolio of our Hawaii properties, which Rick will discuss in a few minutes, as well as two large portfolio acquisitions.
Last week, we agreed to acquire a portfolio of eight properties with an aggregate of approximately 4.2 million square feet for a purchase price of $280 million and a GAAP cap rate of 6% and the current cash cap rate of 5.8%. We have closed on seven of the eight properties. One is still in due diligence, but expected to close in the next 60 days. This portfolio is located in the Indianapolis and Cincinnati market areas, is 100% leased to 10 tenants and has a weighted average remaining lease term of 4.4 years, a weighted average building age of 13 years and a weighted average clear height of 34 feet. Approximately 59% of our annualized rental revenue from this portfolio is paid by investment grade-rated tenants, including Amazon, Whirlpool, Cummins and Stanley Black & Decker.
Last week, we also entered an agreement to acquire a portfolio of 18 properties with an aggregate of approximately 8.7 million square feet for a purchase price of $625.3 million, at a GAAP cap rate of 6.4% and the current cash cap rate of 5.9%. This portfolio is located in 12 states, is 100% leased to 13 tenants and has a weighted average remaining lease term of 9.4 years, a weighted average building age of nine years and a weighted average clear height of 33 feet. Approximately 74% of our annualized rental revenues from this portfolio is paid by investment grade-rated tenants, including Amazon, Procter & Gamble, UPS and FedEx. This acquisition is expected to close in the next 60 days.
I think Rick will note this again in his comments, but over 70% of the purchase price of these two portfolio transactions was -- will be funded with proceeds of a $650 million loan that effectively unlocked some of the hidden value in our Hawaii industrial land. Including these two portfolios, we have acquired over $1 billion of high quality industrial properties since our IPO last January. We remain confident the demand for our properties will continue to be supported by the growth of e-commerce and logistics industries and the strength of the nationwide industrial market.
I'll now turn the call over to Rick Seidel to provide details on this quarter's financial results.
Richard W. Siedel -- Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer
Thanks, John, and good morning, everyone. Normalized FFO for the fourth quarter of 2018 was $25.9 million or $0.40 per share. Adjusted EBITDA for the quarter was $30.9 million. Our quarterly dividend of $0.33 per share continued to be well covered with a comfortable payout ratio of 82.5%. Total revenues for the fourth quarter of 2018 increased by $2.7 million to $42.1 million, representing a 6.8% increase over prior year results. This increase primarily reflects our acquisition activity as well as lease renewals and rent resets at our Hawaii properties. Same property cash NOI increased by 1.2% over the prior year, primarily as a result of contractual rent increases and leasing activity across the portfolio, partially offset by increased non-recoverable expenses, which included rent reserves for our Hawaii tenant in default along with real estate taxes, and security costs.
General and administrative expenses for the fourth quarter totaled $2.9 million or just under 20 basis points of our total assets as of year-end, which was substantially lower than the year-ago quarter, which included costs related to preparing the Company to go public.
Our recurring capital expenditures for the quarter totaled $3.4 million. The majority of these expenditures releasing capital, specifically tenant improvements that we will recover over the lease term and lease commissions related to a Mainland lease extension. We finished the year with $413 million outstanding on our revolver, resulting in debt to EBITDA of 3.7 times.
As John briefly mentioned earlier, on January 29, we announced a 10-year $650 million mortgage financing at 4.3% on our select portfolio of 186 of our Hawaii properties, containing an aggregate of approximately 9.6 million square feet or about 57% of our total square footage in Hawaii.
The properties are almost all situated between the Honolulu central business district, the airport and the seaport. The loan was financed at around 45% loan to value based on the appraised value of more than $1.4 billion. The net book value of these properties on our balance sheet was less than $500 million at year-end, signaling the tremendous growth in value of this portfolio since it was acquired in 2013. We believe this transaction highlights the under-appreciated value and quality of our Hawaiian assets and provides us with low cost fixed rate capital to fund the external growth John discussed.
Proceeds from the mortgage were used to repay all outstanding borrowings under our $750 million unsecured revolving credit facility as well as to partially fund the portfolio acquisitions John discussed earlier. In the few days since we announced the two recent acquisition agreements, we have heard investor concerns about our leverage level and fear about equity issuances or asset sales. We do not plan to run at this leverage level forever, but we are comfortable with at this level because we are stable, predictable and growing cash flows and a well covered dividend
We may, in the future, seek an investment-grade rating, but ILPT is still a new company and relatively small versus its peers. We don't plan to seek an investment-grade rating in 2019 and accordingly are comfortable with higher leverage levels, which will allow for greater accretion and more flexibility to increase our dividend once the transactions close.
One last thing to mention before Q&A, we wanted to remind everyone that shortly before year-end, Select Income REIT distributed all 45 million shares of ILPT that it owned to its shareholders. We are optimistic with the elimination of a 70% controlling shareholder and the related significant increase in our public float, ILPT may begin to trade at multiples more in line with our industrial REIT peers.
That concludes our prepared remarks. Operator, we're now ready to take questions.
(Operator Instructions) Our first question comes from Bryan Maher with B.Riley FBR. Please go ahead.
Bryan Maher -- B.Riley FBR -- Analyst
Good morning, guys. A couple of quick questions. On the back of the supplemental, you do have the list of all the properties that ILPT has. When might we get the list of the properties that are being acquired here in the first quarter?
Bryan, we would typically plan to file that with the next supplemental, but we will be filing 8-K with the purchase agreements. I'm trying to think if the list is included in the agreements, I believe it is, but we'll look at that information after.
That would be great because that's one of the biggest questions I've been getting from investors is what exactly did you buy. The second question I have is how are those properties sourced, was it brokered or how did you come across that?
The eight-property $280 million transaction came through brokers. The CCIT II 18-property acquisition was privately sourced. It was an off-market transaction.
Okay. And then suffice it to say, given your comments on investor concerns that have been related to you, as it relates to leverage at this point in time, should we expect a material slowdown in acquisition activity for at least the next couple of quarters while you digest these transactions and leverage comes down a bit? How should we think about that for modeling purposes?
Yes. I think we were opportunistic. We had raised a substantial amount of debt capital through the loan on the Hawaii properties. One of the transactions came to our attention in the early stages of that financing and so we didn't -- we weren't planning to do this volume of acquisitions as quickly as it turned out that we did. So I think it's reasonable to expect that we'll -- that you'll see very little in the way of acquisition -- additional acquisitions from us for the next couple of quarters. We'll be focused on getting these properties. Only seven of the eight in one portfolio have closed and the others are -- will close in the next month or two. So we're going to be focused on that and not as much on acquisition activity.
And then just lastly, when you think about the split with the Company between Hawaii and Mainland, whether you want to look at it as NOI or annual revenues, how are you guys looking at that split between pre these two acquisitions and post these two transactions, and should we continue to expect future transactions being predominantly, if not all, Mainland?
Brian, I would say the easiest way to look at it before we've fully integrated the properties and filed the performance related to and everything else is probably revenue, and we're essentially expecting a bit of a flip. I think we'll got to -- just under 60% will be Mainland as compared to where we were previously with 60% in Hawaii. We would love to buy more properties in Hawaii, it's a market we know well, it is a strong market, but there's not a lot of ground that comes up for sale. So for that reason, we've expect -- we've always expected most of our acquisition opportunities to come on the Mainland, and we are just as excited about Mainland opportunities because, again, the long-term trends in e-commerce, we think are fantastic and are going to drive rents higher for industrial space.
The one other thing I would say just about the properties that we've added, we've always said that our Hawaii properties were incredibly secure because of the structure of the ground leases, and even though we've increased our exposure to Mainland, we've picked up a bunch of really great credit quality tenants. So our percentage of investment grade on the Mainland goes up after these acquisitions from around 49% around 59%, so we've upgraded the credit quality of our Mainland tenants. And overall, when you factor in the Hawaii leased land and all the investment grade-rated tenants and subs with investment grade-rated tenants, our overall portfolio only changes about 1% or so from 73.5 to 72 and change. So overall, we didn't really dilute the credit quality at all, which is tough when you factor in how strong our Hawaii properties are. So overall, we feel really good about portfolio and are excited to see it grow.
Thank you. That's all from me.
(Operator Instructions) The next question comes from Michael Carroll with RBC Capital Markets. Please go ahead.
Michael Carroll -- RBC Capital Markets -- Analyst
Yes, thanks. Can you guys talk a little bit about how you plan on de-levering the balance sheet? I know that you said you're comfortable with these levels here in the near future, but how long you'r willing to run at these levels and what's the plans to get leverage back down to your target of about 65 (ph)?
Sure. We really don't feel like there's any special pressure to de-lever quickly. We think that as the value of this -- these two portfolios is demonstrated and the additional cash flow becomes evident, that we're hopeful that our share price will appreciate, but we could wait until next year before thinking about de-levering. In the meantime, we're generating a lot of cash flow. I think probably the portfolio would naturally de-lever itself with no real capital raises in three or four years. So we think that there are opportunities. We think there is a -- there was a lot of unlock value in the Hawaii portfolio, which we unlocked in the secured financing that we did earlier. We think there may be opportunities if the share price doesn't react positively over time that there -- we have a lot of very high quality mainland properties, and we could access equity through potential joint venture opportunities or structures like that. So -- but we're not actively engaged with anybody to evaluate that because, right now, the focus is on getting these two transactions closed and focusing on the balance of the year with -- and where where our dividend goes.
And are you willing to sit on the sidelines not deploying any additional capital on the acquisitions until you bring leverage a little bit lower. Is that kind of the plan right now and letting that cash flow to de-lever your balance sheet?
I mean, we'll always keep an eye on the acquisitions market, and I think if we saw something that was too much to pass-up, that I'd never say never on completely shutting down, but I don't expect that you'll see acquisitions from us for the next couple of quarters at least. And so I'd say, yes, we are comfortable with that. I mean, we've -- I mean -- the initial reactions from some investors were that this is too much growth too fast. So it's a little bit surprising that you're wondering if we can hold back now. But I think that we need to focus on getting these two transactions closed and absorbed into our portfolio. So -- and we're comfortable doing that. It's been more than 50% growth of our asset base. So I think that that's pretty substantial amount of growth. So I don't think anyone would fault us if we don't have additional acquisitions this year.
And then at what point do you pursue a joint venture? Is that a few quarters down the road if you don't see the stock price react the way you want? Do you start those discussions in the next few quarters or when does those happen?
We don't have a specific plan yet, so it's probably too early to answer that question, but I think we wouldn't probably get going on that type of a possibility for a couple of quarters and my guess, it would be several quarters a year before something like that came to fruition. If it's an avenue, we actually go down.
Okay. And then can you provide some color on the Hawaiian lease renewal that occurred in the fourth quarter? I'm assuming that was an old renewal from the 2019 expiration. And if that's the case, when does that lease actually commence?
The leasing activity this quarter, it did include a fairly large parcel out in Campbell estate or the Western properties there. I think that was effective January 1st. So we'll see the roll-up immediately.
Okay. And then, Rick, can you provide an update on American Tire Distributors? I think that process has played out. I'm assuming all your leases have been affirmed. Is that correct?
That is correct. So they lease five properties from us. They were one of our larger tenants at about 3% of annualized rents. They again filed the prepack bankruptcy, they did a debt equity swap, and they've assumed all five of our leases. So we feel pretty good about it. They've remained current on rent, and again, it worked out kind of the way we hoped it would.
Okay. Great. And then how much term do you have left on those leases?
There's a fair amount of term left, I believe. I don't have it in front of me. Last quarter, I was prepped on all of that stuff and had gone property by property, but now that it's much less of a focus, I don't recall off the top of my head, but there is still a good amount of term left in all and strong markets. I believe our team thought we could possibly roll-up rents if we needed to retenant them, so again, we feel really good about those properties.
Okay. Great. Thank you.
This concludes our question-and-answer session. I would like to turn the conference back over to John Murray for any closing remarks.
Thank you. We are very pleased with our financing in Hawaii that highlights and unlocks the value and quality of these unique assets, and we look forward to the meaningful earnings impact from our latest acquisitions in future quarters. Thank you, everyone, for joining today's call.
The conference has now concluded. Thank you for attending today's presentation. You may now disconnect.
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Led by the Chinese, foreigners are buying dramatically fewer American homes
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UC Davis Global Affairs co-sponsored the free festival — which took place from 11 a.m. to 10 p.m. on Saturday, April 6 and from 11 a.m. to 9:30 p.m on Sunday, April 7 — and has grown exponentially to become a full-fledged regional music festival in addition to it being a celebration of Japanese culture and spring.
Often referred to in the media as “the Red Prince” for his pro-democracy stance, Alaoui is an outspoken advocate for constitutional monarchy in Morocco. He is a graduate of Princeton University, earned his doctorate in Middle Eastern studies at Oxford University, and is currently a research associate at the Weatherhead Center for International Affairs at Harvard University."
Presented by Bakuhatsu Taiko Dan and Sudwerk Brewing Co. and co-sponsored by UC Davis Global Affairs, the fourth annual Davis Cherry Blossom Festival will be a regional music festival and celebration of Japanese culture.
With International Women’s Day being a time to reflect on progress made and to continue to call for change, while celebrating the courage and determination of women, some of UC Davis' 2018-19 UN Millennium Fellows and current Global Education for All Student Advisory Committee took the time to do just that.
“There aren’t that many veterinary-skilled people that look after the welfare of donkeys, an important animal particularly in Africa and other areas across the world,” said Ermias Kebreab, the associate vice provost of Academic Programs Global Affairs.
Humanizing Deportation exhibit continues at I-House
A month-long program at International House Davis that features personal stories of deportation has been extended into December.
‘African Lionesses’ to Share Stories of Success and Struggles
“True gems of Africa” and other speakers are on the program for next week’s African Lioness Symposium, presented by the UC Davis Blum Center for Developing Economies, a unit of Global Affairs, and the Davis-based Tese Foundation.
Africa comes to Davis
Tese Foundation and the UC Davis Blum Center for Developing Economies within Global Affairs present the Inaugural African Lioness Symposium to the Davis/Sacramento area.
Campus and Community Find Common Ground for Eid al-Adha Celebration
Despite its proximity to campus (the Islamic Center of Davis is directly across the street on Russell Blvd), Muslim students at UC Davis didn't feel entirely integrated with the Muslim community who attended the mosque in Davis. MSA wanted to remedy this campus-community disconnect, while also trying to be more inclusive of Muslims from across cultures, like the multitude of Southeast Asian and African students at UC Davis who practice Islam.
Brazilian high schoolers come to UCD to learn farming solutions
This summer, the UC Davis D-Lab offered a week-long, intensive design class to a group of Brazilian high school students as part of the International Development Innovation Network. Through this course, students learned the fundamentals of design by working with real clients to provide solutions with social and environmental impact.
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MMSc in Global Health Delivery
Apply to the MMSc-GHD
Director: Joia S. Mukherjee, MD, MPH
The Harvard Medical School Department of Global Health and Social Medicine offers a Master of Medical Sciences in Global Health Delivery (MMSc-GHD).
The MMSc-GHD is a degree-granting master's program that offers a rigorous cross-university curriculum focused on developing the tools needed to perform social and delivery science and policy research in resource-limited settings. The core component of the MMSc-GHD is a field-based mentored research project in global health, culminating in a master's thesis. We invite you to learn more about MMSc-GHD program details.
Congratulations to the MMSc-GHD Class of 2019!
MMSc-GHD students come from many locations and backgrounds, but all share a commitment to improving health for the world's most vulnerable people. We welcome you to learn more about our students and alumni, to read an alumni profile of Aneel Brar, MA, MMSc '16, and to watch the videos below.
Below is a video about The Blavatnik Family Foundation and its gift to Harvard Medical School to accelerate the pace of therapeutic discovery and support initiatives aimed at solving some of humanity’s most acute biomedical challenges. Check out time markers 25:28-27:49 to find out more about three MMSc-GHD students in the class of 2019: Chenjezo Gonani, Lisa Parvin, and Nadeem Kasmani.
The first cohort of students is featured in this brief video:
Harvard Medical School: Master of Medical Science in Global Health Delivery from Abundance Foundation on Vimeo.
The course curriculum introduces students to the key problems and methodologic approaches relevant to global health delivery research. Courses cover quantitative methods, qualitative methods, approaches to monitoring and evaluation, global health delivery and research ethics, and theoretical perspectives from the social sciences relevant to medicine. Courses are offered through Harvard Medical School, Harvard School of Public Health, and Harvard Business School. The courses prepare students to situate global health work in its broad social, economic, and political contexts. In addition, social science and mixed methods analytics prepare students to assess the needs of a population, the feasibility of a delivery program, its effectiveness, and the resources and political will required to scale pilot projects into larger programs.
The mentored research project offers students significant hands-on experience and allows them to participate in the design, conduct, and evaluation of an innovative global health delivery program. Beyond developing skills in global health delivery, students have the opportunity to contribute to the quality of health care delivery at the sites where they work, to enhance the training available to local clinical staff, and to contribute to the growing knowledge base that is transforming global health.
All students in this program are required to perform non-clinical work in a health delivery setting through the on-site project. The requirement is an integral part of the program curriculum since students earn academic credits for the on-site project. Program staff assists students in developing suitable projects. Students may choose to conduct their research either in a resource-poor area in the United States or in developing countries such as (but not limited to) Bangladesh, Chile, Haiti, India, Liberia, the Navajo Nation, Peru, Rwanda, Tanzania, and Uganda. Students may work with an American employer or with a non-American organization in the U.S. or abroad.
The MMSc-GHD is open to mid-career clinicians and professionals seeking new training to develop their careers in global health; medical students; students in other health-related graduate programs; residents, fellows, and other clinicians in training.
The MD-MMSc-GHD is open to students currently enrolled as MD students at HMS. These students apply during their third year at HMS and they begin the program after completing Principal Clinical Experience. For more information, please contact Christina Lively.
Medical students at universities other than HMS are invited to apply for the two-year MMSc-GHD degree. Applicants need not have clinical training to apply, but should demonstrate a strong interest in global health delivery.
Questions and Keeping up-to-date
If your question is not answered in our Frequently Asked Questions, please e-mail mmscghd@hms.harvard.edu.
If you wish to receive updates about the MMSc-GHD, please join our email list.
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We need conservative women if we want to elect more women in 2018.
“More Than 4,500 Women Have Signed Up to Run For Office Since the Election” proclaimed Time Magazine and a New York Magazien headline reads “First They Marched, Now More Than 13,000 Women Are Planning to Run for Office” — From Marie Claire to the Washington Post, news sites have been overflowing with pieces calling on women to run for office or celebrating women for stepping up to run for office. It seems that women have finally woken up and found their political ambition. If we follow Jennifer Lawless and her co-authors, we have fewer women elected in politics because women lack political ambition: if women don’t run, women cannot win. But now that so many women are stepping up, surely we are due for another Year of the Women in 2018!
Not so fast. Getting more women into elected office is about more than political ambition. Getting more women to run is the first step, indeed, and requires them to see some major rewards to running that would outweigh the overall high costs as Shauna Shames points out in her new book on the political ambitions of millennials. But beyond running, actually getting women elected really depends on the availability of open seats in the 2018 midterm election. In American politics, incumbency is the most reliable factor for predicting election outcomes: 98 percent of incumbents have been reelected between 1996 and 2016 in the House, with similar rates for the Senate.
To increase the number of women in office, we need to encourage women to run for open seats. As of now, there are no open seats in the Senate and only five (out of 435) in the House. Of these five seats, four are solidly Republican while one is solidly Democratic. If we want to have another year of the women in 2018, first of all, we need far more open seats, and also several women need to run in these open districts. If the current race in California 34th house district to replace Rep. Xavier Becerra is any indication, women are stepping up to run: half of the candidates are women. While no guarantee, this increases the chances of a woman being elected and is a promising sign for things to come.
Of course, the competitiveness of seats matters too. According to the Cook Report, as of February 2017, three of the House districts are competitive (but not open seats) and none in the Senate (five seats lean democratic and two lean Republican). We might add more competitive seats over the next two years but even then, competitive districts are not a sure bet: in CO house district 6 Rep. Coffman (R) has been considered vulnerable and the district has been considered to lean democrat since 2012. However, Rep. Coffman has withstood any attempts at replacing him so far. As of now, the Cook Report judges the district to lean Republican.
Further, and often overlooked in media accounts, if we are truly committed to increasing the number of women in Congress, we need women from both sides of the aisle to run. There are encouraging signs that women of all ideological stripes are gearing up to run signing up for non-partisan women’s recruitment programs such as She Should Run in record numbers. Yet it is more likely that the great number of women running for office will be Democratic women as Republican women historically run at lower numbers and Democratic groups such as EMILY’s List have announced its ‘most aggressive female recruitment effort’ yet. Comparable recruitment efforts both in resources and money on the Republican side do not exist.
If we focus only on progressive women, the number of open or competitive seats comes down to just one open seat in the House. Instead, if both Republican and Democratic women win their general elections across all open and competitive seats, we could add eight women to the House. This would not be another “Year of the Woman,” but it would be progress. Further, it shows that the United States cannot reach political parity without conservative women running for office and winning elections.
The sudden increase in women’s political ambition and their newfound willingness to throw their hats into the electoral arena are rightfully being celebrated, but achieving equal representation is never as easy as just running for office. If we want more women in politics, we need to be strategic about where and when we have women run — and most importantly we need to channel our financial resources to female candidates in both Democratic and Republican districts where they have a real chance of winning. Only then we will translate numbers into success.
Angela Merkel’s calculated support for board quotas.
The recent move by Germany to consider adopting a women’s quota for German company boards should mainly be seen as a compromise brokered between the conservative party of Angela Merkel (CDU) and its coalition party the social democratic party (SPD). Angela Merkel has repeatedly obstructed moves towards a quota in the past and Merkel’s sudden support for a quota must be seen as a necessary concession to the Social Democrats on whose good-will she depends to form a new government. Thus, the recent change in attitudes towards quotas is a reflection of political strategies rather than a newfound commitment to gender equality within the Christian Democratic Union.
Read more at the Guardian.
Restrictions on Women’s Rights around the World
The World Economic Forum just published its annual 2013 Gender Gap Report highlighting the many ways in which gender equality is still an issue across the globe. A recent article in the Washington Post picks up on this theme and discusses several restrictions on legal rights for women globally. For example:
1. India (some parts): Road safety rules don’t apply to women. In some states of India, women are excepted from safety rules that mandate motorcycle passengers wear helmets — an exemption that kills or injures thousands each year. Women’s rights advocates have argued the exemption springs from a culture-wide devaluation of women’s lives. Supporters of the ban say they’re just trying to preserve women’s carefully styled hair and make-up — which isn’t exactly a feminist response.
2. Yemen: A woman is considered only half a witness. That’s the policy on legal testimony in Yemen, where a woman is not, to quote a 2005 Freedom House report, “recognized as a full person before the court.” In general, a single woman’s testimony isn’t taken seriously unless it’s backed by a man’s testimony or concerns a place or situation where a man would not be. And women can’t testify at all in cases of adultery, libel, theft or sodomy.
3. Saudi Arabia and Vatican City: Women can’t vote… still. This is amazingly the case in Saudi Arabia, though a royal decree, issued in 2011, will let women vote in Saudi elections in 2015. Vatican City is the only other country that allows men, but not women, to vote.
Transforming the idea of fatherhood – California’s experience with paid parental leave
October 16, 2013 July 2, 2015 Leave a comment
Photo Source: The Sydney Morning Herald
While federal paid parental leave or paid paternity leave is still elusive in the United States, states such as California have moved ahead and are now offering mothers as well as fathers the ability to stay at home with their newborn children – while not having to sacrifice their paycheck. Yet this welcomed policy change in California cannot hide the fact that the United States continues to be a laggard in the area of parental leave and is now the only industrialized country which does not offer such benefits (Spurlock 2013). Continue reading →
Rwanda continues to lead the world when it comes to women in parliament
Source: Washington Post Foreign Service
Last month’s election in Rwanda brought a record-setting 64% of women into Rwanda’s parliament. This is even more astounding considering the fact that only 21.4% of parliamentarians worldwide are women with the average for Sub-Saharan Africa being 21.9% (IPU 2013). It is both true that Rwanda has a reserved seats quota of 30% for women and that electoral quotas, and especially reserved seats, do increase the number of women in parliament overall; but rarely do we see countries outperforming their quotas so significantly as Rwanda has done in the past. Thus, we must applaud Rwanda for its continuous commitment to gender equality in politics and as a continuous example of a country not afraid to trust women in politics. Continue reading →
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What if...politicians were actually trying to accomplish something useful...
bisley Senior MemberPosts: 10,765 Senior Member
What if all the screeching gun control advocates were to calm down, take a deep breath, and set about assessing what they claim as their goal, and how to achieve it?
Let's pretend that they are all sincere in their desire to reduce gun violence, rather than accomplishing their real goal of further corrupting the 2nd Amendment and removing guns from the hands of everybody except the people they want to have them (government and elite ruling class, for the most part).
What could a hard-core political activist do, in the way of government legislation, that might actually reduce gun violence, yet not trounce on the rights of law-abiding gun owners? I have a couple of half-baked ideas that seem sensible, at a glance. I'm sure that my logic is flawed in some way, but it could be an interesting discussion, so I'll share them and take my lumps.
Suppose that the gun control activists came to the conclusion that with an estimated 300 million guns out there, and with public opinion against them, they were never going to succeed in getting rid of the guns. Then, suppose that they had enough sense to come up with alternative ideas that might actually reduce gun violence, without restricting the ability of a law-abiding citizen to buy whatever gun he wanted, whenever he wanted it, and enjoy it in any legal fashion he desired. How could this be done?
They could come up with a plan for better educating gun owners, strictly on a voluntary basis, that would have as it's incentive low-cost, hands-on and classroom training. The curriculum could be set up so that it could be taught in any college setting, and would result in some kind of universally recognized certification. That certification could then be used as a prerequisite for furthering one's career, based on idea number two:
Schools, businesses, or whatever could start allowing armed employees, with this certification, to carry their weapons in previously prohibited places. Obviously, the certification would have to be on the same approximate level as what a law enforcement officer would be required to have, but without all the extra training needed to be a policeman. It would be hard to get, if done properly, but there would still be thousands of people who would jump through the necessary hoops to get the certification, and the result would be many, many more competent citizens out there who could potentially stop some of the senseless killings. But more importantly, it would take more places away from the predators who are seeking soft targets.
That's the basic idea, and it will never happen from the left side of the aisle, but could it ever achieve enough popular support to work, if it did somehow get presented, and legislation did get passed to support it?
The idea is sound. Really good, actually.
I think passing such legislation would be akin to what happened with CCW in every shall issue state. The press will scream about blood in the streets, how it will endanger cops, ad nauseum.
In spite of all the press smears and Brady bunch antics, CCW passed and continues to do so. States are dropping more and more restrictions from licensees. I think it would have a shot, but the political reality is the proposal you suggest would be diluted or constricted to a shell of the original intent.
Thank you. The idea is not new, really. In my grandfather's generation, lots of communities would appoint what they referred to as 'peace officers,' who had no sanctioned authority to arrest, but were respected members of the community who would intervene when law enforcement officers were not available. They would forcibly stop major problems, and turn the culprits over to the sheriff, while mostly ignoring minor problems that didn't endanger others. My own grandfather's oldest brother was one, and my grandfather frequently accompanied him, armed with the Bisley Colt in my avatar.
Something that informal would not really be possible, today. But having a government sanctioned certification, while not being a practical substitute for an actual law enforcement professional, might be respected by some local school boards and businesses, if properly organized and promoted. If successful early on, it could grow into something useful.
Quinian Senior Member Posts: 707 Senior Member
IT never hurts to try. Send the idea to all of your state Rep and Sen and see if they go with it. I actually just emailed, faxed and wrote mine asking them to make a bill that would make it illegal to slip an amendment into a bill that has nothing to do with the original topic of the bill.
What's the worst that could happen? They write back and say "Thanks for contacting us but um.. NO!" which is pretty much the responce I get to most of my letters to them.
Quinian wrote: »
IT never hurts to try. Send the idea to all of your state Rep and Sen and see if they go with it.
Well, if the response to this type of idea can only generate two responses in 24 hours, on a 'guns only' type forum, no politician is going to waste his time and political capital on it. There has to be strong support among many, many voters to get any attention whatsoever from career politicians. They do not stick their necks out, period, without assurance that their constituency is going to reward them with their votes.
Gun issues are tricky, for politicians who want to keep their jobs, for life. They know that the majority of citizens are fairly ignorant of the importance of 2nd Amendment issues, and that they don't necessarily relate the need to preserve it with all the other constitutional guarantees. Even among gun owners, there is disagreement over what the right to keep and bear arms is supposed to defend them against. The idea that the framers may have intended it to help the public defend against tyranny from their own government is pretty frightening to a lot of folks, and politicians won't touch it with a ten foot pole.
My point in making this post was just to see if anybody had ideas about what 'good government' could accomplish, if it functioned the way it was intended to. Personally, I think government should do practically nothing, unless the public demands it, but the fact is that it's pretty hard to figure out 'who' the public is, any more.
Hey bisley I started to reply a couple of days ago but got side tracked.. Any way:
We can only wish that might happen. I don't think that anti-gun advocates, or anti-gun politicians who have been so conditioned, and brain-washed about the evils of gun ownership are ever going to be convienced otherwise. However there have been a few converts in the past. The bottom line for them, and I think that most would agree is that their goal is to totally disarm the American citizens.
And here in lies the basic problem. A sincere cause to reduce gun violence. It has been said that: "The strength of a law is determined by it's punishment" This can be interpreted a number of different ways. If stiffer penaltys for cold blooded murder, using a gun, would be passed this would be a deterrant to further gun violence, in my way of thinking. The plan worked with the crack down on the nation's drunk driving, so why wouldn't it work in this manner?
It's not us law abiding gun owners who need the education, rather the uneducated, lawless products of our society who are born and raised,with violence instilled in them as a way of life, from a very early age. These folks end up at a very young age of crime, drugs, and taking matters into their own hands with a blantant disregard for the law, other people's property and life, etc. They are going to take what they want, from whom ever they want, whenever they want until the LEO's and court's of this country finally catch them, and convict them. These folks like the Holmes, idiot don't just wake up day, and say: HUM I think I will go and shoot up a movie theater with 70 people in it,, no, no, no, somewhere, in there past they were truly misguided, either by parent's or relatives, society, peer pressure, and by lack of education on their part. Violence is a tool of the ignorant. Self-defence is not.
I am all for that as stated above!!!!! Did you ever watch the TV movie that came out a long time ago,it was called Proposition G. This very idea of allowing all citizens carry openly, was the theme of the movie. Propostion G a law passed by the state allowed all citizens to openly carry, and as far as the movie went it reduced crime to almost nothing. I wish I could get a hold of a copy of that old movie, it goes along these same lines as you are proposing.
Your right again bisley, gun issues are tricky for politicians, but not for folks like us here on the board, or all the other gun owners, in the USA. Bill Clinton and John Kerry , politicians like that, heck they can tell you just how tricky they are for them. What the average person doesn't realize is the 2nd Amendment protects all the rest of the Constitutional Amendments, and the sooner everyone, and I mean everyone acknowledge's this the better off we will be as gun owners. Anti-gun politicans, realize this, that is the exact reason why they continuously, and constantly try in vain to chip away at our 2nd Amendment rights. On the other hand humans have congenitally rights, such as own and bear arms, life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness,self-defense,free speech, etc., etc., etc., It's not that we humans need a written document to own a gun or the other things I mentioned, it's the 2nd Amendment that prevents our Government, from taking these things away from us, at least for now anyway.
The first thing you need to do Bis, is get the term "gun violence" out of your vocabulary, as it implies that (a.) the gun is the primary problem in this equation, and (b.) other types of violence are preferable. Someone can still be quite nuts and quite dangerous with no gunpowder involved. Thinking they'll be safe because (in theory) there's no guns around is a big part of the anti's problem in the first place. You taking the tack that that your plan will end "gun violence" is flawed (from the sheeple/liberal point of view) in that the gun is still in the equation, and that it will be whispering in the dark to its trained, certified owner to go out and do evil things.
Semantic BS, I know, but it does matter in these discussions.
Good point, Bigslug. I have always been resistant to tippy-toeing around on the details. But when you have powerful opponents out there that make their livings by intentionally misunderstanding the main point of any subject, as a strategy, then, your language must be more precise. Some variation of "violence against innocent citizens' would be better.
robert38-55 wrote: »
You may be missing the point, here.
What I'm talking about would in no way be designed to educate or rehabilitate criminals, nor would the point of it be to rescue parentless children from a lifetime of crime.
It would plainly and simply be a way to get more trained people in the way of criminals that prey on the functioning members of society, and on children. It would not be government funded and it would be completely voluntary. It would not affect anyone else's right to defend themselves, nor would it place any burden on gun owners that did not choose to get a certification. The only contribution needed from government would be incentives for colleges to offer the courses, and guidelines to be followed that would be recognized by government agencies, schools, etc., who could benefit from hiring people with such a certification. By outlining what would be required to allow armed citizens into now forbidden areas, the government would be setting the curriculum.
Dr. db Senior Member Posts: 1,541 Senior Member
I'm Dr. db and I approved this message. It concentrates on kids because I teach.
There is a small black evil place in my heart or soul. Maybe it isn't small but I would like to think that it is. I would hope that it isn't the larger part of my soul. Perhaps that is why I try to keep it wrapped up, gagged, blindfolded, and shoved completely down out of sight.
When I am in the light, I can write about how we can forgive the man who came to shoot my kids. I write about how my daughter said she hopes his family won't abandon him. When I am in the light I would like to meet his father to tell him I understand his struggle with his son and I don't bear him any ill will.
But the blackness. The suck all the light out of the world part sometimes gets out enough so that it sits chattering and raving on my shoulder pulling on my hair with both hands and prehensile feet. Straddling my ear. Screaming to be let loose. If I listen, if I don't shove it down, the blackness flows out of it into my ear, in front of my eyes, and suffuses my brain.
In that black world, I think about a school or a public place ready for the monster who is coming to shoot kids. Not ready to lock him out or call the police, ready to kill him. I think about it being like Michael Gross' and Reba MacIntyre's basement in Tremors. I think about it being like the Unit when a group of people tried to assassinate them at a party. You remember the episode? The Unit members were all carrying concealed and they just kept moving forward taking out the trash. Supporting each other aware of their fields of fire until all of the bad guys were dead. In my black world, the attempted monster is shot down before he hurts a single kid. As he dies I walk up and say, “You broke into the wrong school. You tried to hurt the wrong kids.” And I enjoy saying that.
What do you think? A bit over the top? Yeah, just a tad I know but maybe the monsters would think twice. At least they wouldn't think it was going to be easy. At least the cowards who come to public places to shoot innocents would know they were going to die and not after killing. But what if that is what the perverts want? What if dying is primary and hurting kids is secondary for these repositories of pestilential evil? Am I complicit in a suicide?
Then the whisper voice inside says, “That's not right. You cannot let them remake you. You can defend but you can't be happy about it.” So I wrap evil up in its darkness, shove it back in the hole, and try to stay in the light.
Dr. db wrote: »
There's your answer.
Nomadac Senior Member Posts: 890 Senior Member
Politicians have not been able to win the war on poverty, or the drug war with $$Billions spent for decades, so how do you think they can stop violence or any crimes?
Consider the training and education given to new driver's, and the ongoing accidents, speeding, DWI and the fatalities daily, do not seem to be dropping. Personal responsibility is not evident in our society today, as placing the blame for what happens seems to be the result of others, etc.
I never saw the TV movie Proposition G but have seen Minority Report with Tom Cruse that stopped violence before it was committed. I doubt that anyone on this forum will still be alive by the time that technology could be developed.
There are strong measures that could be taken but the ACLU would stop them before they could be implemented. Even with increased CCW's available and Castle Doctrine's in place any use of firearms by honest citizens will always come under media criticism and Liberal attack resulting in publicity for the citizen and concern for retaliation from criminal's friends or family.
What do you mean? every single thing a politician does is mean to be nothing but useful, to them,their $$$ contributors and their party, not to us. Divide and conquer...
bisley wrote:
I hope I didn't miss your point,bisley I think your on to something here, its a wonderful idea,and if there is anyway I can be of assistance to you in this let me know.
It was only an idea I had when trying to imagine what it might be like to have 'good government.' It seems that a person who criticizes the government for doing too much should have some ideas about the kind of things it should should be doing, instead.
I just thought it might be an interesting topic. I appreciate your input.
Dr. db, that "darkness" you so eloquently describe is simply common sense. Some of those festering carbuncles on the Gluteus Maximus of society need to be exterminated, quickly, efficiently, and with extreme prejudice. There is nothing whatsoever wrong with your tendency to embrace the demon on your shoulder. I, too spent a large part of my lifetime nurturing kids, but most of my students were the misfits, troublemakers, "special needs" kids, and anyone else the counselors didn't want associating with the "good" kids. Yes, I was a vocational teacher, the guy down the hall who only gets noticed when something needs fixing, and the snobs in the other part of the building who normally wouldn't give me the time of day suddenly became my best buddies. I think it chafed that I could actually do something with an observable indication of success- - - -like repairing a car, picking a lock, changing a light switch, etc. I was able to take more than a few of society's rejects and guide them along to careers with earnings that the over-educated, under-skilled elite looked upon with envy.
Do you recall H.G. Wells' story, "The Time Machine" where the people like me, the Morlocks, were forced to exist underground in perpetual darkness while the Eloi enjoyed the benefits of the sunlight? The Eloi paid dearly for their idyllic life, didn't they? That story was required reading for my students. We discussed it in detail, and I always made the point that technical skill will always trump some abstract idea of "education" that serves no purpose in the real world. Some of us embrace that concept- - - -and we enjoy the delicious taste of Eloi flesh!
August 2012 #17
Well written Doc...
Nomadac wrote: »
The idea I suggested is obviously a fantasy, because it requires good government, run by people who know how to use the resources that are available to them, without creating a new bureaucracy or levying any new taxes. All they have to do is adjust the rules to allow for some common sense. They would simply be increasing the efficiency of violent crime prevention measures, at the lowest possible cost to the taxpayer...any decent engineer could figure this out, if party politics were removed from the equation.
bisley wrote: »
Hey bisley, I don't think over 200 million American citizens yearning for good Government is a fantasy at all, no,no,,quite the contrary. I believe it is the wish of the law abiding tax paying citizen to want good government. I think you just hit the nail on the head with adjusting the rules increasing the efficiency of violent crime prevention measures, lowest cost to the taxpayer, and above all Party Politics removed from the equation.
Small good government will have to be accomplished at all three levels of government, Local, State,Federal. We need to look at the underlying causes and history of our Government during the 235 yrs, we have been a nation, and determine what and where we let our US Government get so huge and out of control. For example we know that over the course of this nation we have seen the creation of US Government organizations that are usless, mis-managed, over staffed, and over budget. Yet they continue to sap the life out of us with more usless regulations, higher taxes, and burden the American people, with useless restrictions to no end. Again like you said the party politics have interfered more so than none, with the passing of good and bad legislation. Political corruption is rampant in this country yet, a lot of folks whom I have talked to about it don't even seem to realize it, much less acknowledge it, so what is one to do? We could do what Teach says and Throw the Bums out at election time I guess. I just hope its not to late to save this country from total political and economic disaster, and failure.
Our government was at it's best when it had no money, and therefore had to appeal to private citizens to help solve the problems. Low budgets forced them to find efficient solutions, and more importantly, forced them to forgo intervening in things that they knew absolutely nothing about.
If you really examine government spending, I'm quite certain you would find that most of the things that they spend huge sums on are things they botched in the first place. If you listen to liberals, you will hear that their programs failed becuse they were underfunded, and the solution is to double down on their failures. Being clueless about how to fix anything does nothing to discourage them from throwing more of other people's money at it, and somehow ending up rich in the process.
I've had the evening to read your post a few times and ruminate on it....I can only add this...Too many people, even those that tote guns for self protection, believe that all human life is sacred...and they are wrong...My father summed it up well when he said..."Some people just need killin"...there are aberrations out there, the takers in our society, those who prey on our children, our elderly and the weak, whose existence brings nothing but pain and misery to the world , parasites who live at the expense of others...and that while alive are simply a waste of good oxygen and scarcely worth the bullet that it takes to put them them down. My vet once told me that "There are too many good dogs in the world to put up with a bad one" I agree, and believe that it applies to people as well...
J: Don't get me wrong. I would take out the trash, but I would be regretful later. Not so much for what I had to do but for a life, hopefully his, gone. As for my life I would hope it wasn't a waste but his life probably would have been. Glad I gave you something to think about.
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Failure To Recognize That Cable Barrier Did Not Prevent Engine From Crossing Hwy 401 Median
by Zygmunt | Aug 20, 2018 | News
This transport truck was diverted by the cable barrier on Highway 401 near Kenesserie Road but the engine that crossed through the barrier was not stopped. That is the problem.
Highway median cross over collisions can be deadly. Therefore it is good news that a transport truck was kept within the median of Highway 401 rather than crossing into opposing lanes near Kenesserie Road on Saturday, August 18th, 2018. But the issue is more complicated than that.
The OPP reported that at about 0030 hours on Saturday an eastbound pick-up truck was hauling an engine on a flatbed trailer when its driver lost control due to the wet road conditions. The pick-up struck the newly installed high tension median barrier causing the engine to become dislodged and it flew into the opposing, westbound lanes of the highway. A westbound transport truck struck the engine and went out of control, driving into the median where it struck the cable barrier preventing the truck from travelling into the opposing eastbound lanes. This was hailed by the OPP as a success story in that there were no injuries and therefore the median barrier successfully prevented a deadly median barrier cross-over collision. Well, yes, it prevented the vehicles from crossing the median, but the celebration fails to recognize the important fact that the engine was not prevented from crossing the median, and that is a problem.
There was no description of the engine involved but it could easily have weighed a 1000 pounds. Even much less massive objects flying into opposing lanes can be deadly. What if the engine had struck a smaller vehicle such as a car or a light duty truck? Would the consequences have been just a favourable? Clearly not.
While there appear to have been some benefits to the presence of the newly-installed cable barrier, this incident does not prove that it was the right choice for installation over the more costly concrete barrier. What is needed is more information and experience from further incidents before any conclusions can be drawn. The problem is that the details of what transpires during these incidents are not provided for the public to evaluate. Nor is it likely that any such details will ever be provided. And that is another problem.
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Home — Essay Samples — Literature — Between The World and Me — The Ability to Empathize in Between the World and Me, a Book by Ta-Nehisis Coates
The Ability to Empathize in Between the World and Me, a Book by Ta-Nehisis Coates
Subcategory: Books
Topic: Between The World and Me
A large part of reading and experiencing Between the World and Me by Ta-Nehisi Coates revolves around the ability to empathize with Coates. Coates’s purpose behind writing this book lies in the recent surge of police brutality on black people, such as with the murders of Trayvon Martin and Michael Brown. This motivation of Coates’s is furthered by his position as a father, which manifests itself as the book taking form as a letter to his teenage son. Throughout the book, Coates uses stories, both personal and impersonal, to get the reader to see the world through his own eyes, and educate the reader about what it means to be black in America in a push to change the state of the present. Coates spends a great deal of time writing about his time at Howard University, his childhood, his son, and his views on recent murders in order to achieve this goal.
In “Empathy is a Privilege?” by John Paul Rollert in The Atlantic Monthly, Rollert writes that the “sustained terror” described by Coates through his accounts of crimes on black people “prevents the imaginative escape of empathy by making the flesh unforgettable.” This idea of making flesh unforgettable is used by Coates with his strategy of forcing the reader to come face-to-face with a very bleak and sad reality of unjustified murders portrayed in a haunting way not commonly seen on television or in newspapers. This technique used by Coates makes the reader struggle with not empathizing on at least some sort of level.
Ultimately, Coates’s rhetoric of detailed stories, and the way he paints those in the stories as individuals, rather than headlines, makes his argument more effective, because he sets up the reader to empathize with not only him, but also those involved in his stories, such as Prince Jones or his own son. In a description of Prince Jones, Coates wrote “His face was lean, brown, and beautiful, and across that face, I saw the open, easy smile of Prince Carmen Jones” (77). If Coates had left out such touching and visceral accounts of many events, Coates’s purpose of education would fall deaf on many ears, especially white readers.
However, something Coates either fails to realizes or chooses to ignore is the fact that empathy needs to flows both ways in his writing. Coates’s inability to detach from his own self and step away from his, although justified, anger potentially hurts his credibility. The amount of anger in his rhetoric and lack of personal empathizing may deter some readers from wanting to keep an open mind or adopt Coates’s perspective. When writing the difference between black and white children, Coates stated “No one told those little white children, with their tricycles, to be twice as good. I imagined their parents telling them to take twice as much” (91). Coates’s hostility towards children and his assumptions of how white parents raise their children can easily create offense, because of how serious parenthood is to most parents. Coates has a tendency to make generalizations about white people as a whole, all while asking for white people to stop making generalizations about black people as a whole. This sort of double standard can set Coates’s rhetorical situation up for failure, because it gives Coates’s reputation room to seem invalid and his argument overly biased.
When speaking about President Obama, Rollert mentions Obama’s writing in The Audacity of Hope, specifically, “to think clearly about race, then, requires us to see the world on a split screen … to acknowledge the sins of the past and the challenges of the present without becoming trapped in cynicism or despair.’” Coates’s “trauma of fearfulness” hurts his ability to maintain a non-cynical perspective, and this is evident in his account of the events on 9/11 by saying “my heart was cold. I had disasters all my own.” Also, his slander of “the ridiculous pageantry of flags, the machismo of firemen, the overwrought slogan. Damn it all.” Although Coates may have every right to be angry, his anger should not mean trivializing such a large event in American history that so many people feel strongly about. His negativity towards 9/11, along with how often he criticizes the merits of the American Dream, may hinder the ability of some readers to empathize with Coates, because they themselves may begin to feel attacked. Coates’s whole purpose relies heavily on his readers’ ability to empathize. Coates wants all of his readers to empathize with him, because it is his best chance of convincing his readers of his argument. When Coates begins to toe the line of what is and is not offensive, this hurts his chances of all of his readers empathizing with him.
Conveniently, there is an example of how this cynical rhetoric used by Coates affects a reader’s perspective. In The New York Times article “Listen to Ta-Nehisi Coates While White”, author David Brooks writes “But the distributing challenge of your book is your rejection of the American Dream.” Brooks’s personal connection with the American Dream, specifically the immigration of his ancestors, led to his discontent with Coates’s view of the Dream. However, this leads back to the argument that Coates’s book is a book that requires empathy and a detached perspective. Brooks’s article’s title first hints at this mistake, because Coates did not want this to book to be read “while white”. In Rollert’s “Empathy is a Privilege?”, Rollert argues “A capacity for empathy relies not only on a willingness to step into the shoes of another person, but the ability to step away from yourself.” Brooks not only has an unwillingness to step into the shoes of Coates due to Coates’s cynicism, but also is unwilling or unable to detach from his own self. This inability leads to Brooks misinterpreting the whole point of Coates’s book, going so far as to be racist himself.
In order to avoid this issue, Coates’s storytelling attempts to dissuade the reader from maintaining a hostile perspective similar to Brooks. A key story in Coates’s book is the murder of Prince George, who Coates had somewhat of a relationship with. Coates specifically uses this story instead of the story of someone like Trayvon Martin or Michael Brown, because of his relationship to Prince George. This relationship allows Coates a better ability to draw more empathy from the reader. Coates spends a great deal of time on the details of Prince George’s murder, such as how he “had been driving home to see his fiancée. He was killed yards from her home.” A rhetorical technique that Coates is aggressively using is his appeal to emotion by mentioning key parts of the story, such as Prince George’s fiancée and his mother. Along with using storytelling to produce empathy, Coates focuses on the reader’s ability to feel shame and guilt. Coates claims that “Prince was not killed by a single officer so much as he was murdered by his country and all the fears that have marked it from birth” (78). Shortly after, Coates details how obviously unjustified the murder was, by explaining the contradictions in the police report. This claim and the obvious contradictions can make the reader feel a sense of shame, as if this murder was partially their fault. The shame furthers the empathy felt by the reader, which helps Coates’s purpose of trying to educate readers in such a way that makes them want to make a change.
Of course, there is also the rhetorical technique of the letter format of this book. The book is meant to be a letter to his son, and throughout the book, Coates speaks directly to his son. This one-sided dialogue opens a new way for readers to empathize, because the bond between a parent and child is so wildly understood. Two key points in the book are his son’s reaction to Michael Brown’s case, and how Prince George’s death gave Coates a new perspective when it comes to his own son. Coates detailed how when Michael Brown’s killer was not indicted that his son told him “I’ve got to go”, simply to leave to his room to cry about the injustice. This makes Michael Brown’s murder no long a headline about a black man illegally selling cigarettes; instead, it is now about a fifteen-year old, black boy coming face to face with the reality of the racism and prejudices that exists around him. Over time, Coates leads the readers to see stories, such as Michael Brown, in a bigger picture rather than how headlines portray the story. This is how Coates’s argument and purpose is becoming effective. This technique of using his own son is furthered when Coates writes of his own struggle of how these prejudices and incidents affect his relationship with his son. After detailing Jones’s death, Coates explains how he realized that “you would not escape, that there were awful men who had laid plans for you, and I could not stop them.” In this, Coates is appealing to the perspective of a parent, specifically what it must be like to feel unable to protect your child from a world that seems out to get them. This technique of using his son allows for Coates to expand his reach for empathy, because it plays on so many relatable parts of most people’s lives. A larger reach means a better job done at persuading his readers to see the world through his eyes, which is a huge part of his strategy to make his argument as effective as possible.
Although Coates has some constraints working against him, such as the magnitude of his anger and how it warps his ability to appeal to some audiences at times, he does an amazing and effective job of persuading the reader and getting them to feel what he himself is feeling on a small scale. Coates’s choices in his diction, framing, and stories are very purposeful, because he understands what it takes to get people to care. And by doing it enough, Coates makes it near impossible for his reader to ignore his palpable fear, anger, and sadness over race relations in America. There is a great deal more to stories than just providing evidence. And there is a great deal more involved when reading and experiencing this book than simply gliding your eyes across the pages; the reader must step out from their own world and into Coates’s in order to fully grasp what Coates is trying to accomplish here.
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February 21, 2018 February 19, 2018 Michael Thomas
Review – “No Bad Days” – Kye Plant
Kye Plant includes just enough description of their albums to contextualize the music. Laura noted the themes of trying to get stronger in her review of Plant’s After the Hospital, and this time Plant says the album is inspired by absurdism, nihilism, “why am I alive?” and drugs and several more things.
It’s a lot to take in right off the bat. There are hints of many of the aforementioned “inspirations” along the way, and once again Plant uses lo-fi pop to back their music. The rawness of the sound really matches their emotions throughout, sounding gritty and pointed with their more angry lyrics and getting more cavernous and psychedelic for their more inquisitive lines.
The first introduction to the EP, however, is all instrumental. “Electric Ugly” is a series of heavenly-sounding synth lines. As we move into the songs with lyrics, things start to become a bit more clear. If the title “Fuck My Life” wasn’t enough of a hint, Plant is not in a good place. “Buried under wasted dreams” are the first words out of their mouth, and the chorus of the song has them singing “I was born to fall to pieces/Fuck my life, I’m wasting away.” But there’s a bit of hope around the corner, as Plant later notes, “It’s not too late to start over.”
Hope shines through in “Alone Again,” which returns to backing sounds similar to the opening song. Plant realizes they thought everyone in the world hated them, but eventually realizes that’s wrong. Towards the end of the song, Plant’s phrasings become more like shouts as they sing “Fuck the feelings, fight the fever, take the power back.” In “A Family” Plant is still dealing with mental illness and has a lot of anger directed, presumably, at family members. “Step on a landmine, and call ourselves a family,” Plant sings.
But all of this is just lead-up to the absolutely devastating “Second Attempt.” You can guess what this “attempt” is referring to, and there’s no way to ignore it. The music is much more spare, with a slow-tempo drum machine and whirls of synth backing the much wordier song. “Blood brothers to the bitter end but today, I feel nothing,” Plant sings to begin the song. As Plant describes specific images from the suicide attempt, the song becomes tremendously upsetting. As if in acknowledgement of the horrific nature of the song, the last five minutes of the ten-minute song is all instrumental; just synths carry you to the end.
Nothing ever gets 100 percent better, but Kye Plant can find at least a little hope even in the bleakest situations.
Top Track: “Second Attempt”
Rating: Proud Hoot (Really Good)
Kye Plant
Previous Review – “Soul” – mita
Next Review – “Good Cake” – Akage No Anne
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Grist / EPA
introducing ...
There’s a new EPA air sheriff in town, and she’s got a shaky grasp on climate
By Naveena Sadasivam on Jun 28, 2019
Out with one EPA official with close ties to big polluters, in with Anne Idsal, a little-known, politically connected Texan with a shaky grasp on climate science.
Bill Wehrum, the EPA’s top air quality official who helped roll back Obama-era rules, announced earlier this week that he would step down amid an ethics investigation into his ties to former clients the agency regulates. The move has opened up a spot for Idsal, who has been serving as principal deputy assistant administrator in the agency’s Office of Air and Radiation and reporting to Wehrum.
The office is a powerful part of the EPA, responsible for administering the Clean Air Act and overseeing regulations over air pollution. Historically, the office has been responsible for some of the country’s most ambitious efforts to clean up the air. But under the Trump administration, the department has taken a more business-friendly approach. Wehrum has led the charge on halting improvements to automobile efficiency standards and repealing the Obama administration’s Clean Power Plan, a policy to cut emissions from coal plants.
As interim director, Idsal will be responsible for continuing that work. The office recently replaced the Clean Power Plan with the Affordable Clean Energy rule, which loosens emissions regulations (and is sure to face legal challenges). California and 16 other states have also sued the agency over its rollback of fuel efficiency standards.
Idsal’s past statements suggest she’s likely to fall in line with Trump’s deregulatory agenda. When she was first appointed EPA Region 6 administrator in 2017, she told the Texas Observer that she wasn’t sure people had any effect on the climate. After all, the “climate has been changing since the dawn of time, well before humans ever inhabited the Earth.”
“I think it’s possible that humans have some type of impact on climate change,” she said. “I just don’t know the extent of that.”
Idsal hails from a politically well-connected family. Her grandmother, Anne Armstrong, served as an ambassador to the United Kingdom during the Ford administration, and her mother, Katharine Armstrong, was appointed by then-Governor George W. Bush to the Texas Parks and Wildlife Commission. Her family owns the Armstrong ranch where Vice President Dick Cheney shot an acquaintance, Harry Whittington, during a “canned hunt” of ring-necked pheasants.
Those connections came in handy back in 2014 when George P. Bush, son of former Florida Governor Jeb Bush, was elected to the General Land Office, a Texas agency that manages the state’s vast oil and gas resources. Bush cleared house a few months after he came into office, firing or forcing out 11 top staffers after claiming the agency faced “threat[s]…internally.”
According to the Houston Chronicle, Bush also hired 29 people who had either worked on his campaign or had political connections without posting many of the jobs publicly. Idsal was one of them. Just five years out of law school, Idsal took the job of general counsel for the Land Office, and was quickly promoted to Chief Clerk, the second-highest job in the office.
About three years later, she joined the Trump administration as head of EPA’s Region 6 office, which oversees Texas, Oklahoma, Arkansas, Louisiana, New Mexico and 66 tribal nations. During her time as administrator, Idsal frequently met with members of the oil and gas industry. Travel vouchers from last year show that Idsal flew to attend meetings and luncheons with the Oklahoma Independent Petroleum Association, the Independent Petroleum Association of America and the Louisiana Chemical Association. She also toured an Exxon Mobil facility and spoke at a conference organized by the Interstate Oil and Gas Compact Association, the quasi-governmental organization that succeeded in securing an exemption for fracking from clean water rules.
As Region 6 administrator, Idsal signed recusal statements agreeing not to participate in her “family’s closely-held corporation,” Idsal Family Properties Management, from which she expects to receive “passive income.” She also recused herself from working on matters related to Texas’ regional haze program as well as its plan to manage sulfur dioxide levels in the air, because she previously worked on those issues on behalf of the state.
If Trump decides to appoint her permanently to the role, Idsal will have to get confirmed by the Senate. Unlike Wehrum, an industry lawyer and lobbyist who was narrowly confirmed after extensive grilling, Idsal’s government work likely means she’ll face less scrutiny.
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