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Home » Millersburg Tire marks 55 years in business
Millersburg Tire marks 55 years in business
Millersburg (Ohio) Tire Service is celebrating its 55th year in business this week with various festivities, including a ribbon-cutting for its new showroom.
The ribbon-cutting ceremony, which included several representatives from Bridgestone Firestone North American Tire LLC, the dealership's primary supplier, took place yesterday.
Schmucker says several hundred people from Millersburg and neighboring towns attended the event. "I probably shook hands with 500 people yesterday!" he says.
"The community has been so good to us. This celebration isn't about us; it's about thanking the community. And it's a tribute to our employees."
As part of the anniversary celebration, Millersburg Tire is selling raffle tickets to support two area charities: The Love Center, a food pantry, and Rainbows of Hope, an organization that transports people to hospitals.
"I probably shook 400 or 500 hands yesterday," says President Brad Schmucker.
Albert Tire marks 55 years with Goodyear
Vintage tire dealer marks 25 years in business
Central Tire & Auto marks 90 years in business
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MSCOP
MSMF
Email Us: msctr@ms-mf.org
About MSCTR
Anti-Cancer Technologies Program
Integrated Head and Neck Oncology
Neuro-Oncology Program
Tumor Immunology
Technology Business Incubator
—– INCUBATEES —–
siRNA-BASED THERAPEUTICS & INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Dr. Aditya Chaubey
Dr. Amritha Suresh
Dr. M.A.Kuriakose
Dr. Manjula Das
Dr. Ravi Sirdeshmukh
Dr. Nameeta Shah
Dr. Vasan Sambandamurthy
Molecular Diagnostic Lab
Dr. Ravi Sirdeshmukh, Ph.D.
ravisirdeshmukh@gmail.com
Dr. Ravi Sirdeshmukh did his Ph.D. in Biochemistry from the Center for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Hyderabad – a premier national laboratory. He also worked as a post-doctoral visiting associate at the Washington University Medical School, St Louis, MO, and a visiting Scientist at the National Institute of Health, USA. He worked at the CCMB for more than 2 decades, was holding the position of Director-Grade Scientist and heading the Proteomics Lab before joining the Institute of Bioinformatics as Distinguished Scientist. He now holds a joint appointment as Principal Advisor, Neuro-oncology Research at MSCTR. His research interests span in the areas of protein and nucleic acid biochemistry and his earlier work included RNA processing, mRNA stability, structure-function relationship of ‘ribonucleases’ and their regulation. More recently his interests have been in the areas of Proteomics of gliomas – a major class of brain tumors and Head & Neck cancers. At the CCMB, he had been the nodal scientist in CSIR network programs in Proteomics and also served as the Consortium Manager in CSIR Proteomics Network for International Collaborations. He is also associated with some of the International research initiatives in Proteomics such as Membrane Proteomics Initiative of AOHUPO and the ongoing Chromosome Centric Human Proteome Project initiated by HUPO. He is an expert reviewer for International Proteomics journals, a member of the Editorial Board of the International Journal of Proteomics and Bioinformatics. Ravi Sirdeshmukh serves on the research advisory panels of several Institutes and Centers in India and that of US Pharmacopeia for protein therapeutics. He is an elected member of the council of Human Proteome Organization (HUPO) and Asian Oceanian HUPO. He is the founder President of the Proteomics Society, India which is strongly dedicated to Proteomics Education and has played an important role in educational activities in proteomics in India through a large number of invited lectures, organization of training workshops, International Proteomics Conferences and Discussions. He has trained and mentored a number of young associates, Ph.D. students and post-doctoral fellows. At MSCTR, he is spearheading translational research programs in brain tumors.
Publications (Recent)
Kim, M. S., Pinto, S. M., Getnet, D., …….Sirdeshmukh, R.,….. C. A., Gowda, H. and Pandey, A. (2014). A draft map of the human proteome. Nature. 509, 575-581.
Chaiyarit S, Singhto N, Chen YJ, Cheng CY, Chiangjong W, Kanlaya R, Lam H, Peerapen P, Sung TY, Tipthara P, Pandey A, Poon TC, Chen YJ, Sirdeshmukh R, Chung MC, Thongboonkerd V. (2014). Chromosome-Centric Human Proteome Project (C-HPP): Chromosome 12. J Proteome Res. May 15.
Gupta, M. K., Jayaram, S., Madugundu, A. K., Chavan, S., Advani, J., Pandey, A., Thongboonkerd, V., Sirdeshmukh, R. (2014). Chromosome-Centric Human Proteome Project: Deciphering Proteins Associated with Glioma and Neurodegenerative Disorders on Chromosome 12. Journal of Proteome Research. 2014 May 7
Polisetty, R. V., Gautam, P., Gupta, M. K., Sharma, R., Uppin, M. S., Challa, S., Ankathi, P., Purohit, A. K., Renu, D., Harsha, H. C., Pandey, A. and Sirdeshmukh, R. (2013). Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins and their interactors are a major class of deregulated proteins in anaplastic astrocytoma – a Grade III malignant glioma. Journal of Proteome Research.
Gupta, M. K., Polisetty, R. V., Ramamoorthy, K., Tiwary, S., Kaur, N., Shiras, A. and Sirdeshmukh, R. (2013). Secretome analysis of Glioblastoma cell line – HNGC-2. Molecular BioSystems. 9, 1390-1400. PubMed
Mushahary, D., Gautam, P., Sundaram, C. S. and Sirdeshmukh, R. (2013). Expanded protein expression profile of human placenta using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Placenta. 34, 193-196. PubMed
Gautam, P., Nair, S. C., Gupta, M. K., Sharma, R., Polisetty, R. V., Uppin, M. S., Challa, S., Puligopu, A. K., Ankathi, P., Purohit, A. K., Chandak, G. R., Harsha, H. C. and Sirdeshmukh, R. (2012). Proteins with altered levels in plasma from glioblastoma patients as revealed by iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomic analysis. PLOS ONE. 7, e46153. PubMed
Polisetty, R. V., Gautam, P., Sharma, R., Harsha, H. C., Nair, S. C., Gupta, M. K., Uppin, M. S., Challa, S., Puligopu, A. K., Ankathi, P., Purohit, A. K., Chandak, G. R., Pandey, A. and Sirdeshmukh, R. (2012). LC-MS/MS Analysis of Differentially Expressed Glioblastoma Membrane Proteome Reveals Altered Calcium Signalling and other Protein Groups of Regulatory Functions. Molecular and Cellular Proteomics. 11, M111.013565. PubMed
Gautam, P., Upadhyay, S. K., Hassan, W., Madan, T., Sirdeshmukh, R., Sundaram, C. S., Gade, W. N., Basir, S. F., Singh, Y. and Sarma, P. U. Transcriptomic and proteomic profile of Aspergillus fumigatus on exposure to artemisinin. Mycopathologia. 2011. 172, 331-346. PubMed
Polisetty, R. V., Gupta, M. K., Nair, S. C., Ramamoorthy, K., Tiwary, S., Shiras, A., Chandak, G. R. and Sirdeshmukh, R. Glioblastoma cell secretome: analysis of three glioblastoma cell lines reveal 148 non-redundant proteins. Journal of Proteomics. 2011. 74, 1918-1925. PubMed
Peng, L., Kapp, E. A., …Sirdeshmukh, R., ….Rawson, P. and Jordan, T. W. The Asia Oceania Human Proteome Organisation Membrane Proteomics Initiative. Preparation and characterisation of the carbonate-washed membrane standard. Proteomics. 2010. 10, 4142-4148. PubMed
Govekar, R. B., D’Cruz, A. K., Alok, P., Agarwal, J., Dinshaw, K. A., Chinoy, R. F., Gadewal, N., Kannan, S., Sirdeshmukh, R., Sundaram, C. S., Malgundkar, S. A., Kane, S. V. and Zingde, S. M. Proteomic profiling of cancer of the gingivo-buccal complex: Identification of new differentially expressed markers. Proteomics – Clinical Applications. 2009. 3, 1451-1462. PubMed
Gautam, P., Shankar, J., Madan, T., Sirdeshmukh, R., Sundaram, C. S., Gade, W. N., Basir, S. F. and Sarma, P. U. Proteomic and transcriptomic analysis of Aspergillus fumigatus on exposure to amphotericin B. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 2008. 52, 4220-4227. PubMed
Sirdeshmukh, R. Proteomics in India: an overview. Molecular & Cellular Proteomics. 2008. 7, 1406-1407. PubMed Mathivanan, S., Ahmed, M., …..Sirdeshmukh, R., ….. Zurbig, P. and Pandey, A. Human Proteinpedia enables sharing of human protein data. Nature Biotechnology. 2008. 26, 164-167. PubMed
Shukla, S., Govekar, R. B., Sirdeshmukh, R., Sundaram, C. S., D’Cruz, A. K., Pathak, K. A., Kane, S. V. and Zingde, S. M. Tumor antigens eliciting autoantibody response in cancer of gingivo-buccal complex. Proteomics – Clinical Applications. 2007. 1, 1592-1604. PubMed
Suhasini, A. N. and Sirdeshmukh, R. Onconase action on tRNA(Lys3), the primer for HIV-1 reverse transcription. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 2007. 363, 304-309. PubMed
Gautam, P., Sundaram, C. S., Madan, T., Gade, W. N., Shah, A., Sirdeshmukh, R. and Sarma, P. U. Identification of novel allergens of Aspergillus fumigatus using immunoproteomics approach. Clinical and Experimental Allergy: Journal of the British Society for Allergy. 2007. 37, 1239-1249. PubMed
Sirdeshmukh, R., Santosh, V., Srikanth, A. (2006) Differential protein expression, protein profiles of human gliomas and clinical implications. Bio Arrays – from Basics to diagnostics, 1st Ed., pp. 145 – 69, Editor- Appasani, K. Humana Press, N.J., USA
Suhasini, A. N. and Sirdeshmukh, R. Transfer RNA cleavages by onconase reveal unusual cleavage sites. The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 2006. 281, 12201-12209. PubMed
Chumbalkar, V. C., Subhashini, C., Dhople, V. M., Sundaram, C. S., Jagannadham, M. V., Kumar, K. N., Srinivas, P. N., Mythili, R., Rao, M. K., Kulkarni, M. J., Hegde, S., Hegde, A. S., Samual, C., Santosh, V., Singh, L. and Sirdeshmukh, R. Differential protein expression in human gliomas and molecular insights. Proteomics. 2005. 5, 1167-1177. PubMed
Saxena, S. K., Sirdeshmukh, R., Ardelt, W., Mikulski, S. M., Shogen, K. and Youle, R. J. Entry into cells and selective degradation of tRNAs by a cytotoxic member of the RNase A family. The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 2002. 277, 15142-15146. PubMed
Murthy, B. S., De, L., Piccoli, R., D’Alessio, G. and Sirdeshmukh, R. Effects of protein RNase inhibitor and substrate on the quaternary structures of bovine seminal RNase. Biochemistry. 1996. 35, 3880-3885. PubMed
Tharun, S. and Sirdeshmukh, R. Specific endonucleolytic cleavages of mouse albumin mRNA and their modulation during liver development. Nucleic Acids Research. 1995. 23, 641-646. PubMed
Rao, K. S., Sirdeshmukh, R. and Gupta, P. D. Modulation of cytosolic RNase activity by endogenous RNase inhibitor in rat vaginal epithelial cells on estradiol administration. FEBS Letters. 1994. 343, 11-14. PubMed
Murthy, B. S. and Sirdeshmukh, R. Sensitivity of monomeric and dimeric forms of bovine seminal ribonuclease to human placental ribonuclease inhibitor. The Biochemical Journal. 1992. 281 ( Pt 2), 343-348. PubMed
Krych, M., Sirdeshmukh, R., Gourse, R. and Schlessinger, D. Processing of Escherichia coli 16S rRNA with bacteriophage lambda leader sequences. Journal of Bacteriology. 1987. 169, 5523-5529. PubMed
King, T. C., Sirdeshmukh, R. and Schlessinger, D. (1986). Nucleolytic processing of ribonucleic acid transcripts in procaryotes. Microbiological Reviews. 428-451. PubMed
Schlessinger, D., Thomas, J. R., Krych, M., Sirdeshmukh, R. and Little, R. D. Ribosomal RNA processing in Escherichia coli and cultured mammalian cells. Biochemical Society Transactions. 1986. 14, 811-813. PubMed
Sirdeshmukh, R. and Schlessinger, D. Why is processing of 23 S ribosomal RNA in Escherichia coli not obligate for its function? Journal of Molecular Biology. 1985. 186, 669-672. PubMed
Sirdeshmukh, R. and Schlessinger, D. Ordered processing of Escherichia coli 23S rRNA in vitro. Nucleic Acids Research. 1985. 13, 5041-5054. PubMed
Schlessinger, D., Bolla, R. I., Sirdeshmukh, R. and Thomas, J. R. Spacers and processing of large ribosomal RNAs in Escherichia coli and mouse cells. BioEssays : News and Reviews in Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology. 1985. 3, 14-18. PubMed
Sirdeshmukh, R., Krych, M. and Schlessinger, D. Escherichia coli 23S ribosomal RNA truncated at its 5′ terminus. Nucleic Acids Research. 1985. 13, 1185-1192. PubMed
Sirdeshmukh, R., Vijayarangam, D. and Bhargava, P. M. E. coli RNA entrapped in large unilamellar liposomes is partially exposed. Indian Journal of Biochemistry & Biophysics. 1984. 21, 293-298. PubMed
King, T. C., Sirdeshmukh, R. and Schlessinger, D. RNase III cleavage is obligate for maturation but not for function of Escherichia coli pre-23S rRNA. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 1984. 81, 185-188. PubMed
Sirdeshmukh, R. B. and Bhargava, P. M. Uptake of exogenous RNA by rat-liver parenchymal cells in suspension prepared by the collagenase method. Indian Journal of Biochemistry & Biophysics. 1983. 20, 121-126. PubMed
Sirdeshmukh, R. and Bhargava, P. M. Evidence for the presence of a cell-surface ribonuclease in mechanically prepared rat-liver cells in suspension. Bioscience Reports. 1982. 2, 751-760. PubMed
Publications ( 2014, 2015, 2016 )
1. Polisetty RV, Gautam P, Gupta MK, Sharma R, Harsha HC, Renu D, Shivakumar BM, Lakshmikantha A, Mariswamappa K, Ankathi P, Purohit AK, Uppin MS, Challa S, Sirdeshmukh R. Microsomal Membrane proteome of low grade diffused astrocytomas: Differentially Expressed Proteins and candidate circulatory/ surveillance biomarkers. (Accepted in Scientific Reports)
2. Sirdeshmukh R,Somasundaram K, Zingde SM. Cancer proteomics in India. Nature India. 2015doi:10.1038/nindia.2015.119.
3. Sirdeshmukh R,Zingde SM, Dharmalingam K, Vijayalakshmi MA. Bench to bedside: Still a pipedream?Nature India. 2015doi:10.1038/nindia.2015.113.
4. Sirdeshmukh R. (2016) India and the Quest Towards Human Proteome. J Proteins and Proteomics 7(1), MTT 1.
5. Gupta MK, Jayaram S, Reddy DN, Polisetty RV, and Sirdeshmukh R.Transcriptomic and Proteomic data integration and 2D molecular maps with regulatory and functional linkages: Application to Cell Proliferation and Invasion Networks in Glioblastoma. J. Proteome Res., October 14, 2015, DOI:10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00765
6. Sivadasan P, Gupta MK, Sathe GJ, Balakrishnan L, Palit P, Gowda H, Suresh A, Kuriakose MA, Sirdeshmukh R. Human salivary proteome - a resource of potential biomarkers for oral cancer. J Proteomics. 2015 Sep 8;127(Pt A):89-95. doi: 10.1016/j.jprot.2015.05.039.
7. Jayaram S, Gupta MK, Shivakumar BM, Ghatge M, Sharma A, Vangala RK, Sirdeshmukh R. Insights from Chromosome-Centric Mapping of Disease-Associated Genes: Chromosome 12 Perspective. J Proteome Res. 2015 Sep 4;14(9):3432-40.
8. Sivadasan P, Gupta MK, Sathe GJ, Balakrishnan L, Palit P, Gowda H, Suresh A, Kuriakose MA, Sirdeshmukh R. Data from human salivary proteome - A resource of potential biomarkers for oral cancer. Data Brief. 2015 Jul 2;4:374-8. doi: 10.1016/j.dib.2015.06.014.
9. Sirdeshmukh R. Indian proteomics efforts and human proteome project. J Proteomics. 2015 Sep 8;127(Pt A):147-51. doi: 10.1016/j.jprot.2015.03.018.
10. Jayaram S, Gupta MK, Polisetty RV, Cho WC, Sirdeshmukh R. Towards developing biomarkers for glioblastoma multiforme: a proteomics view. Expert Rev Proteomics. 2014 Oct;11(5):621-39.
11. Manda SS, Nirujogi RS, Pinto SM, Kim MS, Datta KK, Sirdeshmukh R, Prasad TS, Thongboonkerd V, Pandey A, Gowda H. (2014). Identification and Characterization of Proteins Encoded by Chromosome 12 as Part of Chromosome-centric Human Proteome Project. J Proteome Res. 13(7):3166-77.
Publications ( Other )
1. Gautam P, Mushahary D, Hassan W, Upadhyay SK, Madan T, Sirdeshmukh R,Sundaram CS, Sarma PU. In-depth 2-DE reference map of Aspergillus fumigatus and its proteomic profiling on exposure to itraconazole. Med Mycol. 2016 Feb 11. pii: myv122.
2. Pawar H, Srikanth SM, Kashyap MK, Sathe G, Chavan S, Singal M, Manju HC, Kumar KV, Vijayakumar M, Sirdeshmukh R, Pandey A, Prasad TS, Gowda H, Kumar RV. Downregulation of S100 Calcium Binding Protein A9 in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. ScientificWorldJournal. 2015;2015:325721. doi: 10.1155/2015/325721.
3. Daswani B, Gupta MK, Gavali S, Desai M, Sathe GJ, Patil A, Parte P, Sirdeshmukh R, Khatkhatay MI. Monocyte Proteomics Reveals Involvement of Phosphorylated HSP27 in the Pathogenesis of Osteoporosis. Dis Markers. 2015;2015:196589. doi: 10.1155/2015/196589.
4. Kelkar DS, Provost E, Chaerkady R, Muthusamy B, Manda SS, Subbannayya T, Selvan LD, Wang CH, Datta KK, Woo S, Dwivedi SB, Renuse S, Getnet D, Huang TC, Kim MS, Pinto SM, Mitchell CJ, Madugundu AK, Kumar P, Sharma J, Advani J, Dey G, Balakrishnan L, Syed N, Nanjappa V, Subbannayya Y, Goel R, Prasad TS, Bafna V, Sirdeshmukh R, Gowda H, Wang C, Leach SD, Pandey A. Annotation of the zebrafish genome through an integrated transcriptomic and proteomic analysis. Mol Cell Proteomics. 2014 Nov;13(11):3184-98. doi: 10.1074/mcp.M114.038299
5. Thomas JK, Kim MS, Balakrishnan L, Nanjappa V, Raju R, Marimuthu A, Radhakrishnan A, Muthusamy B, Khan AA, Sakamuri S, Tankala SG, Singal M, Nair B, Sirdeshmukh R, Chatterjee A, Prasad TS, Maitra A, Gowda H, Hruban RH, Pandey A. (2014). Pancreatic Cancer Database: An integrative resource for pancreatic cancer. Cancer BiolTher. 15(8).
6. Nanjappa V, Thomas JK, Marimuthu A, Muthusamy B, Radhakrishnan A, Sharma R, Ahmad Khan A, Balakrishnan L, Sahasrabuddhe NA, Kumar S, Jhaveri BN, Sheth KV, Kumar Khatana R, Shaw PG, Srikanth SM, Mathur PP, Shankar S, Nagaraja D, Christopher R, Mathivanan S, Raju R, Sirdeshmukh R, Chatterjee A, Simpson RJ, Harsha HC, Pandey A, Prasad TS. (2014) Plasma Proteome Database as a resource for proteomics research: 2014 update. Nucleic Acids Res. 42(1):D959-65
7. Mahajan L, Pandit H, Madan T, Gautam P, Yadav AK, Warke H, Sundaram CS, Sirdeshmukh R, Sarma PU, Kishore U, Surolia A. Human surfactant protein D alters oxidative stress and HMGA1 expression to induce p53 apoptotic pathway in eosinophil leukemic cell line. PLoS One. 2013 Dec 31;8(12):e85046. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085046.
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The Worst Toilet in Wales
Author, journalist and bodybuilder Greg Merritt recounts a trip to a gym that's far less than merely "no frills."
by Greg Merritt
I journeyed 5600 miles to visit a toilet.
A sign that goes unheeded.
Most travelers to Tenby on the southwestern edge of Wales come for the bay and beach, the collection of eccentric shops alongside medieval walls and the rows of candy-colored bed-and-breakfasts. Nearby are Pembroke and Carew Castles, Britain’s only national coastal park and the monastic Caldey Island with its heavenly chocolates.
Despite the chill and rain of April, I experienced the tourist bureau charms. I also perused Polaroid Joycams and VHS cassette rewinders at Squibb’s camera shop (open 10:30 AM to 1:00 PM weekdays) where no device is newer than the Thatcher administration, and I (barely) partook in a lopsided conversation with 64-year-old endurance-adventurer Rosie Swale-Pope who, among numerous quests, spent nearly five years running around the world (Question from a local: “Where you off to, Rosie?” Answer: “I’m off my head.”).
But such sights and sounds were not what drew me to Tenby. I came to visit a loo just outside a working dungeon. Just as there are dive bars and hole-in-the-wall restaurants, amongst gym rats a certain strata of workout space is fondly known as a dungeon.
These are the sweat emporiums that the StairMasters, elliptical trainers, and Ab Coasters never gentrified. A dungeon is devoid of everything but a few tons of iron and the most primitive machines, and if the benches are tattered and mirrors cracked and metal scarred it merely insures, no matter how hard you train, you can’t hurt a thing. Forty years ago there were dungeons and there were health spas, but in the wake of the fitness revolution they merged. Today, you can deadlift in a Bally’s just as you can jazzercize in a Gold’s Gym, and dungeons have retreated into history.
'Dungeon' inhabitant, IFBB Pro Zack Khan.
But time stands still in Tenby.
Located a stone’s throw from 13th century castle walls, this dungeon has no sign nor official name. Underground, it’s hidden in the basement of what began more than a century ago as the village schoolhouse and what now houses a library and community center. Bodybuilder Neil Hill started renting the space in 1992. It’s never had more than fifty members, a dozen of whom have keys. Dues go towards buying or building more equipment, and through the years one small room multiplied to four.
The “juice bar” (i.e. water faucet) is at the end of a rusty pipe trailing from the rotten ceiling with a bucket beneath it. “You never know what might come out of there,” Hill states. The heaviest weight plates are old train wheels. Mirrors (most cracked, of course) fog over on the many cold days from the heat of human exertion. Even in April, my breath makes clouds.
The juice bar.
Like "dungeon," "hardcore" is a term of endearment for a place like this, but then there is no other place like this. This is the most hardcore gym in the world in part because, since hanging up his posing trunks in 2003, Hill has become one of bodybuilding’s premiere trainer/nutritionists. Among those who regularly journey here to undergo his torture sessions are the past three winners of the annual British Bodybuilding Championships, all now promising professionals.But one other thing truly distinguishes this gym from the few others still rated hardcore.
“Why don’t you install a real toilet?” I ask.
“Because I wouldn’t want to have to clean it,” Hill answers with a grin.
The smell–an olfactory warning–assaults you as you descend the mossy, stone steps. The “restroom” is located directly across from the front door, three feet away, and it occupies the space below the steps. It is the space, with nothing to distinguish it but the stench. There, in the dark, leaves collect, trash is scattered, vermin roam, and dungeon-dwellers relieve themselves. About once daily at the edge of the stone walk before the blackness, someone–often Hill–loses his last protein shake there, up and out, the result of an especially hardcore workout.
The infamous toilet.
Some wayfarers to faraway places experience a meal of previously unknown pleasures or they encounter a vista that overwhelms them with shivers of wonder or they feel an instant romance with a boulevard or a building or a way of life. And they never forget.
What occurred during the fifteen seconds I spent alone standing with my back to the door of a working dungeon in Wales, in the cold in the rain in the dark, was as natural and as memorable as tasting or seeing or falling in love. I prefer porcelain, but it’s good to know dungeons endure.
Written by Greg Merritt
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Email: Adina@MyFamilyGenie.com
My Family Genie
ABOUT DR. ADINA
Bravo Genealogy
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Dr. Adina
#BravoGenealogy Blog Series: Tamra Judge
It's been quite awhile since I wrote a blog post about the family history of a Bravolebrity. My apologies! However, this one took me a little bit longer than usual because there was A LOT to (un)cover, and I've been jumping back and forth between projects (which hopefully means my next post will arrive much sooner!). In the meantime, I hope you have enjoyed my Instagram and Twitter posts of yearbook photos of your favorite Bravo TV stars!
With the Real Housewives of Orange County in full swing, I wanted to feature another #RHOC housewife after focusing on Vicki Gunvalson. Based on your requests, I decided to highlight Tamra Judge.
Tamra Sue (Waddle) Judge was born on September 2, 1967, in Glendale, California. Married to Eddie Judge, she has a son, Ryan Vieth, with her first husband, Darren, and Sidney, Spencer, and Sophia Barney with her second husband, Simon. She is also grandmother to Ava through Ryan. Her mother, Sandra, has appeared on the show regularly, and she has spoken about parent alienation with her father, although she doesn’t publicly name him (although that didn't stop me from identifying him). She also has mentioned roots in the Midwest, referring to cousins in Iowa.
Otherwise, not much else readily out there, so I had to do some digging. But what I found was quite diverse and interesting.
She has English, Irish, Scottish, German, Dutch, and possible French ancestry.
I was able to trace several branches in Tamra’s family tree, which mostly led to English and Irish ancestors, although a couple lines were German (including possible Swiss German), Scottish, and Dutch. Although the French ancestry might be family lore, Tamra is connected to the Dille family that played a prominent role in the early history of the Cleveland area. The Dilles claim Huguenot descent (think Thomas Ravenel!), although there has been no definitive proof that this is the case.
Excerpt from "The Pioneer Families of Cleveland 1796-1840. David and Mary (Wade) Dille were Tamra's 6th great-grandparents. David Dille, Jr., was her 5th great-grandfather.
Several ancestors were God-fearing and notably religious.
Although religion and religious documents in particular are no surprise when conducting genealogical research, I was really struck by the diversity of religious faiths in Tamra’s tree. Besides Puritans, Lutherans, and Presbyterians, to name a few, she also has a Church of Latter Day Saints ancestor, Martin Van Buren Follett, her 3rd great-grandfather (maybe he even knew Shane’s ancestors!). I also found several reverends in her family tree, showing that religion and God were deeply important to her ancestors as they have become for her.
Entry for Tamra's 3rd great-grandfather in the Membership of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 1830-1848 database on Ancestry.com
One particularly interesting ancestor was Tamra's likely 10th great-grandfather, Nicholas Street. A graduate of Oxford University, he was a teacher and minister at the Church in Taunton (Massachusetts) and pastor at Center Church on the Green in New Haven, Connecticut, until his death in 1674.
Headstone inscription for Rev. Nicholas Street found in the Connecticut, Hale Collection of Cemetery Inscriptions and Newspaper Notices, 1629-1934 at Ancestry.com.
Her ATV accident may have hit too close to home.
I know I can’t forget the April 2016 sand dune buggy accident that sent Tamra (and Vicki) to the hospital. Besides the physical injuries Tamra suffered from the accident, I wonder if her family history also came to mind as she dealt with the emotional aftermath as well. On August 6, 1971, Tamra’s grandfather, Lester James Waddle, died in a fatal car crash when he lost control “and plowed into a dirt bank and rolled over three or four times.”
Article on the death of Tamra's grandfather found in the Carrol Daily Times Herald.
She shares an ancestor with Real Housewives of Dallas’ LeeAnne Locken.
I was pleasantly surprised when familiar names from my work on LeeAnne Locken’s tree showed up on Tamra’s. George and Ann (Borodell) Denison, LeeAnne’s 10th great-grandparents, are also Tamra’s 9th great-grandparents, making LeeAnne and Tamra 10th cousins once removed! Not to mention, her ancestors likely also knew Sonja Morgan's!
Although the original burned down and was rebuilt, this is where the Denisons raised their family, and now is a "museum and memorial in the town of Stonington, CT as a testimonial to the Denison Family." Information and photo found at denisonhomestead.org.
She has connections to the Mayflower.
Another similarity to cousin LeeAnne is that Tamra has Mayflower ancestors. Her likely 10th great-grandparents were John and Elizabeth (Tilley) Howland, and Elizabeth’s parents, John and Joan (Hurst) Tilley, all sailed on the Mayflower in 1620. As the Howlands had ten children and 88 grandchildren, they have millions of descendants today, apparently including the Bushes, Roosevelts, Ralph Waldo Emerson, and now Tamra Judge!
Portrait of Captain John Howland. Credit: New Bedford Whaling Museum
Enjoy learning about Tamra Judge's family history? Genealogy is not just for Bravolebrities! Contact me at adina@myfamilygenie.com, and I can do the same for you!
Which Bravolebrity's ancestry would you like to learn about? Follow me on social media: Twitter
Use hashtags #myfamilygenie and #bravogenealogy to let me know your thoughts!
#BravoGenealogy Blog Series: Braunwyn Windham-Burke
#BravoGenealogy Blog Series: Lisa Rinna
Looking Back on 2018 and New Year's Resolution
© 2020 My Family Genie. All Rights Reserved.
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Colonna Dessert Spoon in Bone
K-X80-AV
Colonna Dessert Spoon in Bone - is currently on backorder. You may still purchase now though and we'll ship as soon as more become available.
Made of sturdy 18/10 stainless steel, our Colonna Collection is influenced by the famous Colonna di Marco Aurelio including handles that are shaped like the base of a column. This collection comes in seven colors to match any table setting!
Discover the Inspiration for Colonna
Colonna is a stylish piazza is in Rome's political center. On its northern side, the 16th century Palazzo Chigi has been the official residence of Italy a prime minister since 1961. In the center, the 30 meters high Colonna di Marco Aurelio was completed in AD 193 to honor Marcus Aurelius military victories and the column's vivid reliefs depict scenes from his battles. In 1589, Marcus was replaced on the top of the column with a bronze statue of St Paul. Our Colonna Collection flatware has handles that are shaped as the base of a column inspired by this piazza.
7.5 inches long
Dishwasher Safe with handles up
dinner-pieces
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Cornerstone Award - Scott Tinney
Cornerstone Award
“Individual who has consistently demonstrated outstanding leadership and commitment to advance the vitality and well-being of the community throughout the years.”
Scott Tinney
This year’s Cornerstone Award Winner could have received this honor years ago. Many of us have needed Scott Tinney’s tire expertise and automotive assistance over the years. He also has provided nearly 25 years of volunteer time to keeping the Osceola Fair running smoothly. Current President of the Osceola Fair Board, Scott and his team’s goal is to see the completion of a badly needed new fair building.
In addition to all his fair time, Scott participates in the St. Croix Valley Connection group, is a former president of the Osceola Snowgoers and is a former Osceola Lions Club member.
Scott joined the chamber a few years ago and finds it important to belong to help keep the town growing and active and also strive to keep people in the area.
Scott was born and raised in Osceola. He graduated from Osceola High School in 1982 and currently lives on his grandparent’s family farmland. He established Scott’s Tire in 1993. His customers have become family over the years. He enjoys picking up or dropping off people’s cars during his busy work day. He was awarded a Customer Service Award this year from the chamber as well. Scott himself says he can’t go anywhere without someone knowing him – it can often take him 2 hours just to go get milk!
Scott has fond memories of growing up in Osceola. He worked at Zorn Auto (where Mr. Deals is now), Charlie’s Standard Station (where Noah Insurance building sits) and the original Osceola Auto Body where he washed cars. He says the best part of the washing cars was when he had finished washing a car, his dad would take him for a pop at Cascade Bar. They would let the car run so the doors didn’t freeze shut.
We sincerely thank you, Scott, for your commitment to Osceola over the years. Thank you for so many happy years of memories at the Osceola Free Fair!
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Question Video: Pascal’s Principle
A bag attached to an intravenous drip holds saline solution that has a density of 2,160 kg/m³. The bag is 15 cm in height and full to the top. The solution flows from the drip through a hole of area 0.785 cm² and passes through the tube into a cannula that has an opening of area 0.0225 cm². What is the magnitude of the force exerted by the saline solution at the hole at the base of the drip bag? Give your answer to two decimal places. What is the magnitude of the force exerted by the saline solution at the cannula? Give your answer to three decimal places.
A bag attached to an intravenous drip holds saline solution that has a density of 2160 kilograms per cubic meter. The bag is 15 centimeters in height and full to the top. The solution flows from the drip through a hole of area 0.785 square centimeters and passes through the tube into a cannula that has an opening of area 0.0225 square centimeters. What is the magnitude of the force exerted by the saline solution at the hole at the base of the drip bag? Give your answer to two decimal places.
Okay, so, in this example, what we have is a saline solution in a bag. So, let’s say that this here is our bag. And we’re told that this bag is 15 centimeters in height and that it’s full to the top. This saline solution in the bag flows through this point here called the drip into a narrow tube. And in our statement, we’re told the cross-sectional area of this hole in the bag. We’ll refer to that area as 𝐴 sub one. And it’s given as 0.785 square centimeters.
So, after leaving the bag, our salt solution flows through this tube until it reaches what is called a cannula. Now, we may think, isn’t that the name of an Italian dessert? But actually, that’s a cannoli. This word cannula refers to the very small opening between this narrow tube and the needle that will go into the patient’s body. We’ll call the cross-sectional area of our cannula 𝐴 two. And we’re given that value as 0.0225 square centimeters. Knowing all this, our first question asks, what is the magnitude of the force exerted by the saline solution at the hole at the base of the drip bag? In other words, what’s the force acting on the cross-sectional area 𝐴 one as we’ve located it? We can call that force 𝐹 one. And we’ll clear a bit of space to solve for it.
When we think about what causes force 𝐹 one, we can see that it’s the saline solution piled up in this bag pressing down on that spot in the bag. In other words, the layers of this fluid lying on top of one another create a downward pressure thanks to their weight. And this pressure is applied across the area we’ve called 𝐴 one. At this point, we can recall the general relationship between pressure, area, and force. A pressure 𝑃 is equal to a force 𝐹 spread over an area 𝐴. In this case, it’s the force, what we’ve called 𝐹 one, that we want to solve for. But that will require knowing the area, what we’ve called 𝐴 one, which we do know since it’s given to us, as well as the pressure 𝑃 of the fluid at that point.
That’s not something we yet know. But notice that in our problem statement, we’re told what the density of our saline solution is. That can be a clue to us because, recall, we realize that the pressure at the bottom of the bag is due to the weight of the saline solution on itself. And we realize that the greater the density of this solution, the more weight a given volume of it has. In fact, there’s a mathematical relationship that connects pressure and fluid density. That relationship says that the pressure created by a fluid is equal to the density of the fluid multiplied by the acceleration due to gravity multiplied by the vertical height of that fluid.
And at this point, we can recall that not only are we given the fluid density of this solution, but we’re also given its height because we’re told that the bag is 15 centimeters tall and that its full to the top. So, that means we know 𝜌, the density, and ℎ, the height of our fluid. And 𝑔, the acceleration due to gravity, we can take to be exactly 9.8 meters per second squared. All this means that we have enough information to calculate the pressure of the fluid at the bottom of the drip bag. But remember that it’s not exactly pressure we want to solve for, but rather the force, what we’ve called 𝐹 one.
So, here’s what we will do. Let’s take this relationship here and rearrange it to solve for force. If we multiply both sides by the area 𝐴, that term cancels out from the right. And we can see that force is equal to pressure times area. This tells us that the force 𝐹 one at the bottom of the drip bag is equal to the pressure at that location, we’ll call it 𝑃 one, multiplied by the cross-sectional area of that opening, what we’ve called 𝐴 one. We’re given that area 𝐴 one. And 𝑃 one is equal to 𝜌, the density of our saline solution, times 𝑔 multiplied by the height of the solution in the bag. That is, we could write out our equation for 𝐹 one as 𝜌 times 𝑔 times ℎ times 𝐴 one.
Now, let’s check to make sure we have all these values accounted for. The density of the fluid 𝜌 is given as 2160 kilograms per cubic meter. 𝑔 is a constant, 9.8 meters per second squared. ℎ is the height of the saline solution in our bag, given as 15 centimeters. And 𝐴 one is the area of the hole at the bottom of the bag, given as 0.785 square centimeters. So, we’re ready to substitute in for these values. With all our values plugged in, let’s take a moment to look at the units of these terms.
For the density, we have units of kilograms per cubic meter. For 𝑔, we have units of meters per second squared. For the height ℎ, our units are centimeters. And for our area 𝐴 one, they’re centimeters squared. We can see then that we’re not quite ready to multiply all these values together because we have different units for length. Two of these terms, the first two, use meters, while the last two use centimeters. We’ll want to put them all on the same footing.
We could decide to change the meters into centimeters or the centimeters into meters. Either method would work. But let’s choose the second option, converting centimeters into meters. We can recall that 100 centimeters is equal to one meter. Or another way of saying the same thing, one centimeter is equal to one one 100th of a meter. This means that wherever we see centimeters in our expression, we can replace that with one divided by 100 times a meter. When we do that, 15 centimeters becomes 15 times one divided by 100 meters and 0.785 square centimeters becomes 0.785 times one divided by 100 meters quantity squared.
So, then, 15 centimeters is equal to 15 divided by 100 meters, or put another way, 0.15 meters. And then, being careful to square both one divided by 100 as well as the units meters, we get a result for our area 𝐴 one of 0.785 divided by 10000 square meters. The reason we have 10000 in the denominator is that’s what one divided by 100 times one divided by 100 is. With that conversion done, our units are all in agreement. And we’re ready to calculate 𝐹 one. When we do, to two decimal places, we get a result of 0.25 newtons. That’s the force acting on the hole at the bottom of the drip bag. Now, let’s look at the second question in this exercise.
This question asks, what is the magnitude of the force exerted by the saline solution at the cannula? Give your answer to three decimal places.
Looking at our sketch, we can recall that the cannula is where the thin tube from the drip bag connects into the needle that goes into the patient. We’ve called the cross-sectional area of this cannula 𝐴 two. And in our problem statement, that value is given to us as 0.0225 square centimeters. Getting back to our question, we can see that, in this case, as before, we want to solve for a force magnitude. Let’s call this force the force of the saline solution at the cannula 𝐹 two. And this force 𝐹 two will be equal to the pressure, we can call it 𝑃 two, at the cannula multiplied by its cross-sectional area.
We’re given this area, 𝐴 two. But what about the pressure 𝑃 two? That is, what’s the pressure that acts on the cannula at the end of this long tube coming from the drip bag? Well, because this area in this thin tube from the bottom of the drip bag up to the cannula is a closed system of an incompressible fluid, that means the pressure of the saline solution all throughout this tube and up to the cannula will be the same. We could think of it as a stretch of pipe with fluid running through it. Since the pipe is very thin and has a constant diameter, fluid pressure is constant throughout.
This is helpful to us because it means that 𝑃 two, the pressure at the cannula, is the same in magnitude as 𝑃 one, the pressure at the bottom of the drip bag. And that pressure, we saw, was equal to 𝜌, the fluid density, times the acceleration due to gravity times the height of the fluid in the bag. So, we can use those same values from before to indicate the pressure at the cannula.
Plugging in for 𝜌, 𝑔, ℎ, as well as 𝐴 two, we see that we’ve run into the same issue as earlier where we have different units, meters and centimeters, for lengths. Once more, we can resolve that difference by converting centimeters to meters. We’ve seen that 15 centimeters is equal to 0.15 meters. And further, 0.0225 square centimeters is equal to 0.0225 divided by 10000 meter squared. We’re now ready to calculate the magnitude of the force 𝐹 two. To three decimal places, it’s 0.007 newtons. That’s the magnitude of the force exerted by the saline solution at the cannula.
High School Physics
Understanding Scientific Theories
Units of Measured Quantities
Measurement Uncertainty and Resolution
Combining Uncertainties
Measurement Accuracy and Precision
Graphing Experimental Data
Rearranging Formulas for Physical Quantities
Scalar and Vector Quantities
Distance and Displacement
Relative Motion
Instantaneous Speed
Accelerated Motion
Acceleration over Time
Acceleration over a Distance
Acceleration over Distance and Time
Kinematic Graphs
Free-Body Diagrams
Newton’s First Law of Motion
Newton’s Second Law of Motion
Newton’s Third Law of Motion
The Relationship between Mass and Weight
Systems of Forces
Systems of Unbalanced Forces
Resultant Motion and Force
Deformation of Springs
Distinguishing Weight from Other Forces
Tension Forces
Elastic Potential Energy
Forces that Resist Motion
Static Friction
Kinetic Friction
Normal Reaction Force on a Sloping Surface
Linear Momentum
Force as Rate of Momentum Change
Applying Newton’s Third Law of Motion to Collisions
Mechanical Work and Energy
Mechanical Work
Gravitational Potential Energy
Mechanical Power
Energy Conversion and Conservation
Mechanical Advantage of Machines
Elasticity of Collisions
Work-Energy Theorem
Calculating Density
Relating Force, Pressure, and Area
Pressure Produced by Fluids
Pascal’s Principle
Buoyant Force
The Continuity Equation for Fluids
Conservation of Energy in Moving Fluids
Center of Mass
Torque of a Force
Equilibrium of Extended Objects
Rotational Kinematics
Angular Momentum in Terms of Moment of Inertia
Angular Impulse
Rotational Kinetic Energy
The Conservation of Angular Momentum
Newton’s Second Law of Motion for Rotation in terms of Moment of Inertia and Angular Acceleration
Elliptical Motion
Kepler’s Third Law of Planetary Motion
Motion of Planets, Moons, and Satellites
Orbital Speed
Orbital Mechanics
Newton’s Law of Gravitation
Surface Gravity
Free Fall and Weightlessness
Converting between the Celsius and Fahrenheit Temperature Scales
The Kelvin Temperature Scale
Conduction and Convection
Specific Heat Capacity
Thermal Equilibrium
Thermal Expansion of Solids and Liquids
Specific Latent Heat
The First Law of Thermodynamics
Heat Engines
Entropy and the Second and Third Laws of Thermodynamics
Gay-Lussac’s Law
Bulk Properties of an Ideal Gas
Particle Model of an Ideal Gas
Evaporation and Condensation
The Period of a Pendulum
Free and Forced Vibrations
Comparing Transverse and Longitudinal Waves
Calculating Wave Motion
Doppler Shift
Frequency Changes due to the Doppler Effect
Beat Frequencies
The Electromagnetic Spectrum
Radiative Power of Electromagnetic Radiation
Colors of Light
The Huygens Wave Model
Reflection of Light
Refraction of Light
Refracted Light Ray Paths
Total Internal Reflection
Critical Angle for Total Internal Reflection
Convex Lenses
Image Production Using Lenses
Images Produced by Thin Lenses
Curved Mirrors
Coherent Light
Interference of Light Waves
Two-Slit Interference
Thin-Film Interference
Diffraction of Light Waves
Single-Slit Diffraction
Diffraction Gratings
Resolution of Wave Sources
Electric Fields of Point Charges
Uniform Electric Fields
Absolute Electric Potential
Parallel-Plate Capacitors
Capacitor Dielectrics
Energy Stored in Capacitors
The Power of Electrical Components
Resistance and Resistivity of Conductors
Alternating Current
Units of Energy
Circuit Symbols and Diagrams
Series Circuits
Parallel Circuits
Variable Resistors in Voltage Divider Circuits
Analyzing Combination Circuits
Attraction and Repulsion between Permanent Magnets
Magnetic Fields Produced by Electric Currents
Force on Conducting Wires in Magnetic Fields
Motion of Charged Particles in Uniform Magnetic Fields
Electron Beams
Motion of Charged Particles in Combined Uniform Magnetic and Electric Fields
Motion of Straight Conductors in Uniform Magnetic Fields
Electromagnetic Interactions in Conducting Loops
Electromagnetic Induction in Generators
Alternating Current Circuits
Electromagnetic Induction in Transformers
Propagating Electric and Magnetic Fields
Polarization of Light
The Quantization of Electromagnetic Radiation
The Electron Volt
The Kinetic Energy of Photoelectrons
Photon Momentum
Matter Waves
Rutherford Scattering
Emission and Absorption Spectra
Electron Energy Level Transitions
The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle
The Bohr Model of the Atom
Solid State Electronics
Pure Semiconductors
Doped Semiconductors
The Atomic Nucleus
Mass-Energy Equivalence
Nuclear Binding Energy
Units of Nuclear Physics: the Unified Atomic Mass Unit
Nuclear Instability
Emission of Neutrinos in Beta Decay
Gamma Radiation
Radioactive Decay Chains
Calculating the Activity of a Radioactive Source
Fundamental Particles
Identifying Particles in Detectors
Up Quarks and Down Quarks
Strange, Charm, Bottom, and Top Quarks
Hadrons
Charged Leptons
The Conservation of Lepton Number
The Conservation of Baryon Number
Feynman Diagrams
The Fundamental Forces
Time Dilation
The Lorentz Factor
The Lorentz Velocity Transformation
Relativistic Mass
Units for Particle Rest Masses
Relativistic Kinetic Energy
Total Relativistic Energy
Comparing Values of Physical Quantities
Representing Large Values of Physical Quantities
Representing Small Values of Physical Quantities
Calculations with Physical Quantities Using Scientific Notation
The Sine Rule
The Cosine Rule
Rearranging Formulas involving Logarithms
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This free course provided an introduction to studying Science. It took you through a series of exercises designed to develop your approach to study and learning at a distance and helped to improve your confidence as an independent learner.
SeaWiFS Biosphere: Rotating Globe with Zoom to Pacific Ocean
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2.8 Good times and bad
The music industry, like any other large industrial business, had good times and bad times. By 1924 the burgeoning of radio broadcasting in the United States caused a severe downturn in record and equipment sales, leading to amalgamations and bankruptcies of many of the record companies. Actually, radio broadcast studio technology proved of great importance to the record industry. The sensitive microphones and electronic amplifiers used in broadcast studios offered improved characteristics th
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David A. Rothery Teach Yourself Planets, Chapter 6, pp. 66-75, Hodder Education, 2000, 2003.
Copyright © David Rothery
The Moon's atmosphere is almost as insubstantial as Mercury's, and probably has much the same origin. The Clementine mission returned our first clear views of the lunar poles, showing sites in particular near the south pole that are permanently in shadow, and which could therefore be places where ice might accumulate (Figure 1). Clementine's
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Logo Karinov
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appreciate the French Revolution and its significance through exposure to selected contemporary texts, documents and illustrations of the period.
CMS.876 History of Media and Technology (MIT)
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1.3 Warm-up activities
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Movements might include:
walks gradually increasing in speed to a small run;
Beginner - SIM converter
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1.6 Informal carers: summing up
Section 1 has explored what is meant by the term ‘informal carer’. I have developed a definition of an informal carer and examined it in the context of two rather unusual family situations, the Durrants’ and Katrina's. I have also noted some of the complications that trying to define and identify informal carers gives rise to.
I have not yet begun to address the difficult question of what label to give the people on the receiving end of care, people like Arthur or Katrina's mother
Juan Gris's The Man at the Café
© 2000–2016 The Metropolitan Museum of Art. All rights reserved.
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Allan Cruickshanks
Allan is a managing director at TM Capital, one of Oaklins’ US member firms. He is well-known for having particular expertise in achieving premium outcomes for private equity clients in sell-side M&A transactions involving their portfolio companies. His experience covers a range of sectors, notably commercial & industrial, distribution, services, consumer, building products and aerospace & defense. Recent closed transactions include the sale of Flow Dry, an automotive components manufacturer, from Argosy Private Equity to Filtration Group and Madison Industries; the sale of Banner Solutions, a door hardware distributor, from High Road Capital to Tailwind Capital; the sale of Zentech Manufacturing, a provider of specialty electronics for defense, aerospace and healthcare applications, from NewSpring Capital to BlackBern Partners; the sale of LindFast, a fastener distributor, from Harbour Group to Nautic Partners; the sale of CTM Group, a managed entertainment & souvenir business, from Goldner Hawn to Z Capital; and the sale of Thermo-Tech Windows & Doors, from Bounds Equity to Harvey Windows and Dunes Point Capital.
Prior to joining TM Capital, Allan was a managing director at BB&T Capital Markets. He also previously worked at boutique investment banking and brokerage firm Anderson & Strudwick and, prior to that, at Jefferies & Company.
Atlanta, Estados Unidos
acruickshanks@tmcapital.com
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Oasmia Nomination Committee suggest changes in the Board of Directors
The Nomination Committee of Oasmia propose changes in the company´s Board of Directors to be decided on an Extraordinary General Meeting (EGM) to be held on May 14, 2020. Current board member Anders Härfstrand is proposed to be the new Chairman of the Board and Birgit Stattin Norinder is suggested to be a new member of the Board. Jörgen Olsson, current Chairman of the Board, and Gunilla Öhman, current Board member, will leave the Board.
“Oasmia has had an eventful year with first sorting out issues of the past and then successfully pursuing a rights issue and entering into a global partnership. This has required intense work by the Board. Now entering the next step in the company’s development, a switch to more pharma industry competence on the Board is desirable. The contribution from Jörgen Olsson and Gunilla Öhman during this past year, with vast competence of company turn-arounds, troubleshooting and transparent communication, has been extraordinary. However, we see no point in awaiting an AGM for this change. With Birgit Stattin Norinder on the Board we will add further life science expertise and industry network”, says Per Arwidsson, chairman of the Nomination Committee and major shareholder of Oasmia through Arwidsro.
The current Nomination Committee consists of the three representatives; Per Arwidsson, Arwidsro, Chairman of the Nomination Committee, Håkan Lagerberg and Jörgen Olsson, current Chairman of the Board. Jörgen Olsson is suggested to be replaced in the Nomination Committee by Anders Härfstrand.
The EGM is to be held on May 14, 2020. A detailed notice to the EGM will be published separately by the company today.
About Birgit Stattin Norinder
Birgit Stattin Norinder has extensive experience from international pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies in Sweden, the USA and Europe. She has managed several research and development departments, resulting in a number of novel and approved pharmaceuticals. Amongst many things she has served as CEO and Chairman at Prolifix Ltd., Senior VP Worldwide Product Development, Pharmacia & Upjohn and Dir. Int. Reg. Affairs Division, Glaxo Group Research Ltd. She was Chairman of the Board of Hansa Biopharma 2014-2016, member of the board of Nicox S.A, WNTresearch AB, Karo Bio AB, Prolifix Ltd and she is currently a member of the board of Hansa Biopharma AB, AddLife AB and Jettesta AB. Birgit Stattin Norinder holds an M.Sc. in Pharmacy from Uppsala University. She was born in 1948.
Urban Ekelund
IR Manager Oasmia
E-mail: IR@oasmia.com
About Oasmia Pharmaceutical AB
Oasmia Pharmaceutical AB develops, manufactures and markets new generations of drugs in the field of human and veterinary oncology. The company’s product development aims to create and manufacture novel nanoparticle formulations and drug-delivery systems based on well-established cytostatics which, in comparison with current alternatives, show improved properties, reduced side-effects and expanded applications. The company’s product development is based on its proprietary in-house research and company patents. Oasmia is listed on Nasdaq Stockholm (OASM) and Frankfurt Stock Exchange (OMAX.GR).
This information is information that Oasmia Pharmaceutical is obliged to make public pursuant to the EU Market Abuse Regulation. The information was submitted for publication, through the agency of the contact persons set out above, at 2020-04-17 10:15 CEST.
Press release – Oasmia Nomination Committee suggest changes in the Board of Directors
English April 17, 2020
Cord Communications
IR@oasmia.com
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Gulf and Middle East
MPEDA Chairman K S Srinivas and Cochin Port Trust Chairperson Dr M Beena at the signing of an MoU to modernise the Cochin Fishing Harbour, in Kochi on September 28, 2020.
MPEDA, CPT sign Rs 140-crore project to modernise Cochin Fisheries Harbour
NetIndian News Network
Published on : 29 Sep, 2020 , 6:56 am
Kochi, September 29, 2020
Marine Products Export Development Authority (MPEDA) is set to work with Cochin Port Trust (CPT) to modernise Kerala’s pivotal Cochin Fisheries Harbour with more than a dozen key features that will enhance the unit value of realisation of sea-caught items and minimise post-harvest losses.
MPEDA Chairperson K S Srinivas signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) with his CPT counterpart Dr M Beena, initiating the Rs 140-crore project that will mobilise resources from various central government schemes.
A special purpose vehicle (SPV) is being launched to implement the development plans.
The 1928-founded CPT runs the harbour, built on 27 acres of land, facilitating berthing and landing of more than 500 vessels. Commissioned in 1978, the harbour at Thoppumpady clocks a daily average landing of 250 tonnes of fish. Processors procure a major share for exports.
In view of the fact that infrastructural inadequacies are affecting the quality of fish, the MPEDA-CPT agreement aims to build air-conditioned auction halls at the harbour, besides a packing hall and bays for loading and unloading.
Also to come up are an ice plant, a reverse osmosis plant and a rainwater harvesting system besides automation equipment such as tripods, conveyor belts and pallet jacks for easier and better movement of fish within the harbour.
The MoU envisages the construction of electrical substations, an effluent treatment plant, a retail market, fish-dressing unit and net-mending area, besides offices, dormitories, a food court, canteen, a drivers’ waiting area and parking lots for vehicles.
Srinivas, recalling that Kochi-headquartered MPEDA had proposed to the Centre in February this year to renovate 25 select fishing harbours across the country, said the DPR (detailed project report) for Kochi was readied with Ernst and Young as the consultants. MPEDA is going for a similar exercise on the peninsula’s eastern coast: Nizampattinam Fishing Harbour in Guntur district of Andhra Pradesh.
“These 25 major fishing harbours contribute a lion’s share of landings in the country for export,” the MPEDA head said. “At present, India’s value addition of marine products is a mere 5 per cent. We must increase it manifold, given that the figure for South East Asian countries is 50 per cent.”
MPEDA’s pact with CPT comes when India has 50 major and 100 minor fishing harbours, together contributing 65 per cent in quantity and 45 per cent in value of the country’s total seafood exports. Estimates show a loss of nearly one-fourth of the catch during post-harvest operations.
Besides poor infrastructure facilities, India’s fishing harbours also face lack of professional management, poor safety measures and unhygienic handling of catch.
MPEDA, formed in 1972 under the Union Ministry of Commerce, is a coordinating agency with central and state-level establishments engaged in fishery production and allied activities.
MPEDA
CochinFisheriesHarbour
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KSSrinivas
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Re: ‘ Should Psychoanalysis be in the Science Museum?’ , New Scientist 2.10.2010, pp 22-23
We were very disappointed by Professor Bunge’ s intemperate and unscientific contribution to the debate on the scientific status of psychoanalysis. This is an important issue which sometimes receives far more sophisticated consideration. We would have welcomed a well-informed critique from a philosopher of science of the stature of Professor Bunge, and regret that he did not take this opportunity to address the issues seriously.
Far from being a discipline that has “ remained basically stagnant” , psychoanalysis has creatively developed, producing (as well as the most profound clinical theory) substantial research contributions of interest to other fields. Many basic psychoanalytic propositions have been widely accepted. Examples include the impact of early childhood relationships on adult personality (e.g. the explosive growth of scientific attachment research and theory), empirical demonstration in academic psychology of the impact of unconscious thoughts and feelings on behavior (e.g. the study of unconscious prejudice), among many others. Neurobiologist Nobel Prize-winner Eric Kandel MD sees the brightest future for psychiatry in a joining of psychoanalysis and neuroscience. Professor Bunge’ s claim of scientific irrelevance is untrue, and he goes on to make a series of statements which completely part company with the easily available evidence.
We are reluctant to accuse a distinguished colleague of poor scholarship, but cannot let pass the bizarre assertions that laboratory science has been absent from psychoanalysis throughout its existence, that we have not submitted papers to scientific journals, and that clinical trials have not attempted to examine the effectiveness of psychoanalytic psychotherapy, or that we are ‘ foreign to the scientific community’ . A cursory literature search would have provided citations and abstracts of hundreds of psychoanalytic research articles published in mainstream scientific journals. Masling’ s series on " Empirical Studies of Psychoanalytic Theories" alone spans 10 volumes and includes 389 pages of references.
We readily accept that some specific developmental or psychopathological propositions put forward by Freud would not fare well in empirical testing, and that some details of his theories are probably incorrect or outdated. This is true of most bodies of knowledge evolving over 120 years, and would certainly be expected of any science. Contemporary psychoanalysis is not reducible to the study of the work of Freud, any more than contemporary physics stops with the study of Newton, or biology with Darwin. However, like other scientific frameworks built on fundamental insights into underlying reality, the basic psychoanalytic assumptions of a dynamic unconscious, actively shaping conscious experience, self-image and relations with others, have proved creative and convincing across many disciplines. There is welcome convergence, for example, with trends in current cognitive, social and affective neuroscience, being explored intensively by researchers in neuropsychoanalysis, which bridges these disciplines at a high level.
Psychoanalysts have been testing the outcomes of psychoanalytic therapies for decades, using randomized controlled trials and systematic follow-up studies, as Professor Bunge urges us to. Active academic researchers will form a minority of any clinical profession, but a committed international band of psychoanalysts have accepted the challenge to test the evidence for the effectiveness of psychoanalytically-based treatments. Recent literature reviews and meta-analyses of scientific studies of psychotherapy outcome (for example the series of papers by Leichsenring and colleagues) have found that effect sizes - a quantitative measure of treatment benefit - for psychoanalytic psychotherapy in randomized controlled trials are comparable to those for other therapies that are promoted as evidence based. The majority of trials have offered strong evidence of the effectiveness of psychoanalytic therapies, others have found stronger evidence for other therapies for specific conditions the point is that psychoanalytic therapy has for a considerable period been tested in the same stringent way as have other approaches.
We are entirely bemused by Professor Bunge’ s assertion that the original studies in Shedler’ s meta-analysis did not have control groups, which a glance through the article (American Psychologist, vol 65, p 98) would have disproved. (We do not claim, however, that patients in psychoanalytic therapy have been studied in double-blind trials it is difficult to imagine adult patients in a talking treatment being oblivious of what treatment they were receiving.)
The 74 signatories of this letter have raised many millions of pounds from competitive public research funding to undertake just the kind of research Professor Bunge advocates. We have adopted respected, mainstream methodologies despite the challenges of doing so in this area, and published systematic, empirical psychoanalytic research in first rank, peer-reviewed scientific journals (e.g. The Journal of the American Medical Association, Science, The Archives of General Psychiatry, The American Journal of Psychiatry, American Psychologist). We run twice-yearly, free research summer schools to offer consultation, training and ongoing mentoring to psychoanalysts and others wishing to engage in research of the kind Professor Bunge has been missing. Many early participants are now well-established psychoanalytic researchers. Although we would love to do more, this level of scientific contribution compares very well with that in other clinical professions.
We believe readers of this New Scientist debate will be reassured to know that psychoanalytic researchers are undertaking productive, cutting edge studies guided by psychoanalytic ideas, at world-leading universities, and helping younger colleagues to do so. We also believe that readers would expect contributors to their debates to be informed as to the facts. We fully agree that scientific progress requires a willingness to seek and learn from evidence, and in this spirit we respectfully offer a factual context in case the entertaining jibes of Professor Bunge might be mistaken for reality.
Yours etc
Professors Mary Target PhD, Peter Fonagy PhD, Anthony Bateman MD, Peter Hobson MD, University College London
Professor Falk Leichsenring DSc, University of Giessen
Professors Sidney Blatt MD and Linda Mayes MD, Yale University
Professors Otto Kernberg MD, Robert Michels MD, Barbara Milrod MD, Joseph Schachter MD, Stephen Roose MD, David Olds, MD, Frank Yeomans MD PhD, Richard C Friedman MD, Monica Carsky PhD, Weill Medical College of Cornell University & Columbia University Center for Psychoanalytic Training and Research
Professor Mark Solms PhD, University of Cape Town
Professor Jonathan Shedler, PhD, University of Colorado
Professor Marianne Leuzinger-Bohleber PhD, Sigmund Freud Institut & University of Kassel
Distinguished Professor Mardi Horowitz MD Professor George Silberschatz Ph.D, University of California
Professors Ayelet Barkai MD, Raymond Levy PsyD, Harvard University and Medical School
Professors Helmut Thomä MD, Horst Kä chele MD PhD, University of Ulm
Distinguished Professor Paul L. Wachtel PhD Professors Diana Diamond PhD, Eric A. Fertuck Ph.D., Elliot Jurist, PhD, City University of New York
Professors Christopher Perry MD, Daniel Frank PhD, Martin Drapeau PhD, McGill University
Professor Kenneth N. Levy PhD, Pennsylvania State University
Professors Stephan Hau PhD, Andrzej Werbart Ph.D., Stockholm University
Professor Anna Buchheim PhD, University of Innsbruck
Professor Jeremy Safran Ph.D., New School for Social Research, New York
Professor Stijn Vanheule PhD, Reitske Meganck PhD, Mattias Desmet PhD, Ghent University
Professors Geoff Goodman Ph.D., Marvin Hurvich PhD, Philip S. Wong PhD, Long Island University
Professors Eve Caligor MD, Lewis Aron Ph.D., Richard Lasky PhD, New York University School of Medicine
Professors Morris Eagle PhD, Joel Weinberger PhD, Adelphi University
Professor Nancy McWilliams PhD, Rutgers University
Professor Michael Stuart Garfinkle, PhD, Mount Sinai School of Medicine
Professor Allan Abbass, MD, Dalhousie University
Professor Joseph Masling PhD, State University of New York at Buffalo
Professor Golan Shahar PhD, Ben-Gurion University
Professor Adela Leibovich de Duarte, Ph.D., Buenos Aires University
Professor John Auerbach PhD, East Tennessee State University
Professor Henning Schauenburg MD, University of Heidelberg
Professor Dorothea Huber MD PhD, University of Munich
Professor Stephen Soldz PhD, Boston Graduate School of Psychoanalysis
Professor Phebe Cramer PhD, Bronfman Science Center
Professor Bethany Brand Ph.D., Towson University
Professors Louis Diguer PhD, Karin Ensink PhD, Sté phane Sabourin Ph.D., Universite Laval, Quebec
Professor Clara Lopez-Moreno, Universidad del Salvador
Dr Alessandra Lemma PhD, Visiting Professor, Essex University
Dr Saskia de Maat PhD, Mentrum Institute for Mental Health, Amsterdam
Dr Patrick Luyten PhD, University of Leuven
Dr Margaret R. Zellner PhD, The Rockefeller University, President and Chair, The Neuropsychoanalysis Foundation
Dr Mary Beth Cresci Ph.D., President, Division of Psychoanalysis, American Psychological Association
William H. Gottdiener Ph.D., Director, Addiction Studies Program, John Jay College of Criminal Justice
Dr David Taylor, Clinical Director of the Tavistock''s Randomised Controlled Trial of psychoanalytic psychotherapy in the treatment of chronic and refractory depression
Dr Sherwood Waldron MD, Chair, Psychoanalytic Research Consortium
Dr Paolo Migone MD, Editor, Psicoterapia e Scienze Umane
Dr Henriette Lö ffler-Stastka MD, Medical University of Vienna
A self-serving plea mainly from people who make a good living by selling psychoanalysis and research on it in one way or another. Which means neither that they are right or wrong. This readsrather like the NRA, the American National Rifle Association commenting on the school shootings, when they declared that the problem was that there are not ENOUGH guns in schools, and more armed guards should be added !
ANd as they admit, those who signed the letter have benefitted from millions of dollars in funding for research, and would agreee that there is a need for much more such research.
I notice that while they refer to studies of effectiveness ( and they're right that a double-blind trial would not be possible ), they don't seem to refer to COST-effectiveness, which is profoundly relevant.
Anyhow, I haven't read the original article by Bunge which they're defending against ( my budget doesn't run to these journals ) I see some former colleagues amongst the signatories, so I'd like to read the original and this reply with more care, if I had the time and access.
Simply to have assembled so many senior sinatories within a short time was an impressive achievement !
The debate seems more than academic within SA, where its not always practical to find Panado on the shelf of a government hospital, doesn't it ?
Aggett inquest: He would've lived had they let me continue my interrogation - ex security branch cop
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Publicist Nanci Ryder Dead at 67 After Battle With ALS
Hollywood is in mourning over the lack of beloved publicist Nanci Ryder.
On Thursday, June 11, Ryder, who battled ALS for practically six years, died at the age of 67. Longtime pal Bryan Lourd confirmed the information to The Hollywood Reporter.
Ryder’s A-list clientele included the likes of Reese Witherspoon, Renée Zellweger, Courteney Cox, Leonardo DiCaprio, Blake Lively, Jennifer Lopez, Michael J. Fox and lots of extra. Following her 2014 prognosis of the progressive neurodegenerative illness, celebrities rallied round Ryder at annual Walk to Defeat ALS events, usually sporting “Team Nanci” t-shirts to point out their assist.
In a latest interview with Brain & Life Magazine, Zellweger and Cox mirrored on their years-long friendship with the co-founder of BWR Public Relations.
“I would do anything for Nanci,” the Friends star shared. “It makes me feel a little less helpless. I can show up and hope that by my showing up, she knows I love her. If there’s one extra person who finds out about this disease, I’m doing something. But it’s not enough.”
Zellweger additionally remained one in all Ryder’s closest confidantes because the illness worsened.
“Every time I see her,” the Oscar winner shared, “I don’t know what to expect in terms of how she’ll be or how my own emotions will be. But like any friendship, it has stages and evolves. You adapt. You trust that the love you feel will help you navigate. You just show up. I have accepted that this is how I will go forward in our friendship. I will continue to love her, to advocate for her, and to show up.”
After information of her passing broke, stars took to social media to honor Ryder with private tributes.
“Absolutely gutted to hear of Nanci Ryder’s passing,” Emmy Rossum tweeted. “Nanci was a beacon for me in my career. She was an absolutely joy to be around. I’ll miss her wicked sense of humor, her gossip, her laugh, her emails, her spirit, her smarts, her kindness and love. I’ll miss her so much.”
Photographer Brian Bowen Smith shared on Instagram partially, “Nanci you have touched so many people and paved the way for even more. Rest well my girl. I love you.”
In lieu of flowers, a number of shops report donations may be made in Ryder’s reminiscence to teamnanci.org, which helps the ALS Association Golden West Chapter.
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UN envoy holds cease-fire talks with Libya's eastern forces
FILE – In this Jan. 17, 2020, file, picture, Libyan Gen. Khalifa Hifter joins a gathering with the Greek Foreign Minister Nikos Dendias in Athens. The U.S. army Tuesday, May 26, 2020 accused Russia of deploying fighter planes to conflict-stricken Libya to assist Russian mercenaries aiding east-based forces of their offensive on the capital, Tripoli. (AP Photo/Thanassis Stavrakis, File)
UNITED NATIONS (AP) — The United Nations mentioned its prime envoy in Libya held talks Wednesday with a delegation from Khalifa Hifter’s eastern-based forces to comply with up on the settlement by the nation’s opponents to renew cease-fire negotiations, calling it “a positive step.”
U.N. spokesman Stephane Dujarric mentioned appearing particular consultant Stephanie Williams would maintain the same video assembly with a delegation from the U.N.-supported authorities within the capital of Tripoli “in the coming days.”
Libya has been in turmoil since 2011 when a civil struggle toppled long-time dictator Moammar Gadhafi, who was later killed. The nation has since cut up between rival administrations within the east and the west, every backed by armed teams and international governments.
Eastern-based forces below Hifter launched an offensive making an attempt to take Tripoli in April 2019, and the turmoil within the oil-rich nation has steadily worsened as international backers more and more intervened regardless of pledges on the contrary at a high-profile peace summit in Berlin earlier this 12 months.
Dujarric referred to as the conferences with the 2 delegations “first steps … in the right direction.”
“We will continue pushing and working with the parties … to alleviate some of the suffering of the Libyan people,” he mentioned. “To say that the situation on the ground, the violence and the political situation, is complex would be the understatement of the year.”
Dujarric mentioned negotiations on a cease-fire settlement and technical association will proceed on the idea of a draft introduced to each side by Libya’s U.N. Mission on Feb. 23.
Hifter’s offensive is supported by France, Russia, Jordan, the United Arab Emirates and different key Arab nations. The authorities in Tripoli is backed by Turkey, which deployed troops and mercenaries to assist defend the capital in January, in addition to by Italy and Qatar.
Mercenaries, primarily from the Syria battlefield, are actually combating on each side and complicating the already complicated proxy struggle, in accordance with U.N. specialists.
U.S. and Libyan officers have accused Russia of deploying fighters from the Wagner Group in key battleground areas in Libya.
Last month, the U.S. army accused Russia of deploying 14 plane to eastern Libya to assist Hifter’s forces, saying the transfer was a part of Moscow’s long term objective to ascertain a foothold within the area that might threaten NATO allies. Russia dismissed these claims as “stupidity” and has repeatedly denied enjoying any function in Libya’s combating.
Dujarric mentioned the United Nations reiterates its concern at “the persistent violations of the arms embargo on Libya” and calls on all nations to strictly implement it.
The U.N. Mission in Libya introduced the settlement on a brand new spherical of cease-fire talks late Monday, expressing hope they might “mark the beginning of calm on the ground” and permit the nation’s war-scarred well being system to manage with the coronavirus outbreak within the nation.
The virus has contaminated at the least 168 folks in Libya, however testing is extraordinarily restricted. The impression of a big outbreak would doubtless be extreme given the continued combating and the state of the nation’s well being system.
France’s international ministry welcomed the settlement and mentioned it “intends to do everything in its power to bring about an immediate resumption of discussions and the swift signing of a ceasefire agreement.”
“The worst scenario would be a Turkey-Russia deal imposing their conditions,” mentioned a prime French official, talking anonymously below the French presidency’s customary practices. “What we seek is not the victory of one side over another, but political negotiations and resource sharing.”
The announcement of talks got here because the foreign-fueled proxy struggle teeters on the sting of a serious escalation and signaled that each side, and their international backers, would possibly want to drag again.
On Sunday, Hifter’s forces mentioned they recaptured a strategic city after staging airstrikes on militias within the space southeast of the capital.
Hifter’s acquire extra broadly displays the seesawing nature of the struggle, which in latest weeks had turned dramatically in favor of rival Turkish-backed Tripoli militias that ousted Hifter’s forces from a key western airbase and several other cities.
Associated Press author Sylvie Corbet in Paris contributed to this report.
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Tent city restored, opened for public in Sultanpur Lodhi
Chandigarh: The government machinery toiled hard on Friday to repair tents, pandals, langar halls damaged by heavy downpour to ensure smooth conduct of celebrations marking 550th birth anniversary of Guru Nanak Dev in Sultanpur Lodhi.
Soon after heavy rain started pouring on Thursday, the district administration got into damage control mode. Around 1,000 personnel from various departments, including police, local government, roadways, PSPCL, health, water supply and others were pressed into action.
Kapurthala deputy commissioner D P S Kharbanda led the team and ensured that the administrative machinery performs its duty efficaciously to ensure minimum inconvenience to the devotees. By Friday morning, tent city was open to receive the pilgrims coming to the city for paying obeisance. The water and power supply also remained uninterrupted after the midnight, so that devotees were facilitated during their visit in the holy city.
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To Retire or Not to Retire?
A retired therapist on using your conflicting voices to guide you to a decision
By Connie Zweig
Crossing the threshold into retirement can feel like a high-wire act without a net. As a retired therapist, I can tell you that during this transition, whether we are retiring or rewiring, feeling disoriented or purposeful, most of us have moments of fear, confusion and conflicting inner voices.
Credit: 412 digital | Flickr
You might hear voices like these:
“I wonder what else I could do with my time?/I wonder what I need to stop doing?”
“I want to continue to be productive./I want to slow down.”
“I think I should do more./I think should do less.”
“I need to earn more money./I can downsize and live on less.”
“I want to keep working to feel relevant./I want to stop working to try something new.”
Sources of Inner Conflict on Whether to Retire
Which voices do we validate? Which voices do we ignore?
I suggest that the sources of our inner conflict around retirement reside in a blind spot, outside of awareness. (In psychology, we call this the unconscious mind, or Shadow.) When we learn how to see the unconscious sources of our conflict, the call to retire can lead us to a deeper awareness and a different kind of calling.
After interviewing hundreds of people about this struggle for a book I’m now writing — The Reinvention of Age: How to Cross the Threshold from Role to Soul — I came to see that my personal story of struggling with the inner voices around retirement is a common one. (I realize many boomers can’t afford to retire. So, I acknowledge my privilege even to have this opportunity to let go of my income as my husband continues working.)
When I entered my 68th year of life experience, two years ago, I noticed a restlessness that I had felt earlier in life at the end of one cycle and at the beginning of another.
What My Inner Voices Were Saying
After decades of exploring and teaching Shadow-work, I had learned how to attune to my inner voices. So, I stopped and listened. This allowed me to detect my deeper yearnings in the hidden dimension of retirement: the call to change my life, my resistance to the call and the promises of heeding the call.
I heard inside my mind a choir of dissension.
Like many boomers, I had found meaning and even love through my work. So, one part of me wanted to continue to do what I had always done: push hard to be productive so that I could enjoy a feeling of well-being at the end of the day.
But another part wanted to leap into the unknown, letting go of old roles until a new beginning emerged.
What stopped me initially from taking the leap?
Fearing Traditional Retirement
My fears of life after work were shaped, even unconsciously, by watching my father’s forced retirement in his 50s. Rather than taking an entrepreneurial initiative, engaging in volunteer work or launching creative projects, he spent his days playing bridge and going to lunch.
My mother and grandparents provided no role models of wise elders either.
So, my internal images of late life were ageist: useless, irrelevant, dependent and unhappy. Those were my associations to retirement. They’re what stopped me from stopping.
My 'Inner Ageist'
I began to call this part of me that resisted the transition “my inner ageist.” But another part of me knew that I was a child of the 1960s and 70s . We boomers reinvented everything, from music to work to relationships to parenting to health care to spirituality. So, my retirement would not be my father’s retirement. I could reinvent that too!
These kinds of life transitions demand that we change more than our roles or activities. When we step across a threshold to become an adult, change careers, marry or have children, divorce or suffer a serious illness, we step into a new life pattern. In late life, this is not a conscious process, though; our society doesn’t offer adult rites of passage to become elders.
With retirement, this shift occurs when our roles and responsibilities fall away, the structure of our day dissolves and the people who formed our teams and work families go on without us.
At a deeper level, the ego’s lifelong identity of do-er is shattered and a primary source of meaning and purpose is lost.
Who Are We Beyond Work?
How do we explore who we are beyond work? How do we uncover the unconscious material that erupts around losing our roles? And how do we overcome the denial, resistance and distraction that arises with this change?
To answer those questions, I began to pose to myself these tough inner questions (and I suggest you ask yourself them, too, if you are struggling to decide whether to retire):
What is the role that no longer serves me? How is my identity tied to that role? Who am I if I am not that role? What has been sacrificed during my career to maintain that role? What is my fantasy of the future? Am I drawn to serve others? Am I drawn to a spiritual or contemplative practice? What stops me from engaging in service or meditation?
An Incomplete Legacy
With those questions posed, I knew that my legacy was not complete. I also knew that, if I needed to tackle these questions, others did too.
So, I decided to write The Reinvention of Age to continue guiding readers in ways I have done through my earlier books. In this one, I hope to help them orient more deeply to their inner worlds in this challenging and promising stage of life. My goal: to guide other boomers past their denial and fears, to reimagine age for themselves.
And, in this way, I reinvented my retirement.
I now hope to contribute without the internal pressure of the do-er driving me from within. It’s my intention to write and teach for as long as I can. But I will release old roles and responsibilities. And I will find a new rhythm for this stage of life.
Now, two years after I first struggled with the idea of whether to retire, I wake up each morning, breathing into the open space and looking around in wonder.
Connie Zweig Dr. Connie Zweig, a retired psychotherapist, is co-author of Meeting the Shadow and Romancing the Shadow and author of Meeting the Shadow of Spirituality and A Moth to the Flame: The Life Story of Rumi. She is currently writing The Inner Work of Age: Shifting From Role to Soul. She is a certified Sage-ing Leader and is blogging excerpts of her new book here: https://medium.com/@conniezweig Read More
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Squam Lakes Science Center Brings “Animal Sounds” to Bretzfelder Park
The Squam Lakes Natural Science Center returns to Bretzfelder Park for a free program titled “Animal Sounds.”
Animals make sounds for a variety of reasons — to attract a mate, to defend their territory, to capture prey, or even to escape predators. Join a Squam Lakes Natural Science Center naturalist and three live animals native to New Hampshire to hear their sounds and discover the reasons behind them.
The program is part of the Society for the Protection of New Hampshire Forests’ Bretzfelder Park Family Educational Series.
The program is interactive and designed to engage and educate audience members of all ages.
Squam Lakes Natural Science Center (www.nhnature.org) is a non-profit organization in Holderness whose mission is to advance the understanding of ecology by exploring New Hampshire’s natural world.
Through spectacular live animal exhibits, natural science education programs, and lake cruises, Squam Lakes Natural Science Center has educated and enlightened visitors for over 40 years about the natural world. The Science Center is the only institution in northern New England nationally accredited by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums.
Owned by the Society for the Protection of New Hampshire Forests (www.forestsociety.org),Bretzfelder Park is managed in cooperation with the town of Bethlehem. The Park, bequeathed to the Forest Society in 1984 by Helen Bretzfelder in memory of her father, Charles, houses a classroom, educational trails, a pond, and several picnic sites.
Two series of educational programs are held there each year, one in August and the other in February. The Bretzfelder Park Family Educational Series continues Aug. 15 at 7 p.m. with a presentation by Linnea Manley, educator and geologist presenting “Don’t Take Rocks for Granite.” For more information and a calendar of events please visit www.therocks.org, email us at [email protected], or call 603-444-6228.
Rek'-lis Virtual Beer Dinner Pairing
Event Details | View All Events
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All Eyes on Eyes
By Greg Burchell
As the saying goes, an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure. That is certainly the case when it comes to protecting an organ as fragile as the eyes from hazards at work.
The best prevention is to avoid getting anything in the eyes in the first place, and the most effective way of achieving that is to have a layer of protection over it. Eye protectors are designed precisely to protect against three types of hazards: impact, splash and radiation.
Eye protectors are grouped into six classifications based on the Canadian Standards Association’s (CSA) Z94.3-07 Industrial Eye and Face Protectors standard. The six classes, with the protective function increasing in ascending order, are spectacles (which incorporate side protection), goggles, welding helmets, welding hand shields, hoods and face shields. Prior to purchasing safety glasses, employers should conduct a hazard assessment as safety glasses and goggles are hardly one-size-fits-all.
The most common danger to a worker’s eyes is an object ricocheting at a high speed and lodging itself in the eyeball, potentially causing permanent damage, says Claudio Dente, president of Dentec Safety Specialists Inc. in Newmarket, Ontario. This risk is present in a variety of tasks that include grinding metal, cutting wood, hammering or pounding on hard materials like concrete or metal, and working around lathes and equipment that cut hard material.
“The CSA certification impact and testing process states that if you are selling a safety glass or goggle, it has got to meet that impact test so you know you are being protected,” Dente says.
In the event that a small foreign body embeds itself in the eyeball, it should be removed as quickly as possible, because the longer the foreign object remains lodged, the harder it is to remove as the eye will heal over the object instead of releasing it. A piece of metal that gets into the centre of the eye can cause permanent damage, create scarring and lead to vision loss almost immediately.
In addition to impact hazards, there is also the threat of chemical splashes, which may require CSA Class Two protection. This means donning a pair of eye goggles that cover a larger area of the face and fit snugly to the skin through suction to keep unwanted liquids from dripping down into the eyes. Dust and other airborne contaminants can be neutralized with the use of foam-lined glasses — a hybrid between glasses and goggles.
SIDE MATTERS
Donning glasses with side shields helps to prevent objects from entering the eye from the side. Foam-lined glasses, such as those offered by Guard-Dogs® line of products by Encon Safety Products in Houston, Texas, provides a seal against the skin when worn properly.
“A lot just depends on what you are doing and the environment you find yourself in,” says Hardy Sides, business unit manager of personal protective equipment with Encon Safety Products, who reports that foam-lined glasses are marketed towards the industrial sector. “They are meant for high debris areas, if you have got a lot of particulate in the air and you really need to seal off the eye portion of your face.”
Erica Osley-Brown, director of marketing with Honeywell Safety Products in Smithfield, Rhode Island, says foam-lined eyewear is becoming very popular in foundries and the oil and gas industries — any sector where dust and fine particles are generated. Foam-lined glasses offer a good medium for industries that require more protection than those offered by conventional safety glasses, but do not want to go to the extent of having their workers don eye goggles.
That said, there are work environments in which goggles do not provide adequate protection. They include workplaces that involve handling acid and alkali, degreasing, plating operations, glass breakage, chemical spray, liquid bitumen, sand blasting and shot blasting.
For these jobs, two styles of goggles are available: indirect vent goggles with perforations on the side to protect against impact and dust, and chemical-splash goggles with baffled vents to prevent liquid from seeping into the eye. In the event of a chemical splash, the goggles serve as a temporary barrier while the worker runs to an eyewash facility.
FIT AND FINISH
A proper seal is imperative, as a pair of ill-fitted safety glasses cannot perform its protective function. Osley-Brown says Honeywell’s eye protective equipment is tested to ensure proper fit on different head forms and shapes, and solicits feedback from an end-user panel who participates in the designing stage.
Dente notes that universal fitting glasses will fit about 95 per cent of the population. For wearers who may require more extensive custom-fitting, glasses with telescopic or ratcheting temple arms and nose bridge adjustments that allow for more microscopic adjustments are also available. Many companies are beginning to offer glasses, which feature a lower nose profile than traditional glasses, to better conform to Asian bone structures, he adds.
Visibility is also an important factor for employees who toil in work environments with high heat or humidity. Safety glasses that offer anti-fog or scratch-resistant coatings may be required, as protective eyewear that fogs up and scratches easily are the most common problems cited.
Once the type of eye protective equipment has been identified, the wearer’s preference needs to be considered to ensure compliance. “They have a say in many cases of what they’d like to wear,” Dente adds.
The verdict from workers seems to indicate that if glasses do not look good or fit comfortably, it does not matter how good their protective function is — they will simply not be worn. As a result, manufacturers have responded to that need by expanding the style and options of safety glasses available.
Letting go of something that has outlived its usefulness can be a hard thing to do. But when it comes to safety glasses, it is advisable to have them replaced sooner rather than later. Prescription safety glasses should be given a good inspection every year and replaced as soon as soon as they are scratched. For safety glasses bought offthe-shelf, they may need to be replaced more frequently. Those who work with solvents will also need to be cognizant of the impact that fumes and liquids have on lenses.
Ultimately, the job of safety glasses is to guard against hazards from coming into contact with the windows to our soul.
Greg Burchell was the former assistant editor of Canadian Occupational Health and Safety News.
Stantec Consulting Ltd.
MSA – The Safety Company
Keeping Eye Injuries at Bay
Vision Protection for All Seasons
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Home / How To Advice / Preservation Guidelines /
Restoration Guide: Aluminum and Steel Siding for Exterior Walls
Rob Sabo
Editor's Note: This is article 8 of 18 in the Exterior Walls chapter of Old House Web's Restoration Guide. This guide was developed and edited for old homes from original material in the U.S. Housing and Urban Development (HUD) Rehab Guide.
8. METAL SIDING
Section 1--Overview
Aluminum and steel siding became popular in the 1950s and '60s as a cost-effective choice to cover deteriorated wood siding. Both metal siding types often were manufactured with a thin lining of foam designed to increase the insulation value of the siding. However, because of the thinness of the foam lining and the extremely high thermal conductivity of metal, aluminum and steel siding offer inherently poor insulation values.
Use of aluminum siding has declined drastically with the advent of vinyl and fiber-cement siding--so much so that metal siding now accounts for just 1 percent of the new siding market. Metal siding is still found in the Midwest, where it's aptly suited for resisting intense hailstorms and temperature extremes that permeate that region of the country. It also has a foothold in metropolitan areas where building codes require non-combustible wall claddings.
If you are remodeling an old house with aluminum or steel siding, it's likely there are areas on the home's exterior that require cleaning, maintenance, or replacement of damaged siding.
Section 2--How to Clean and Maintain Metal Siding
2.1: Basic Cleaning
A bucket, garden hose, laundry detergent such as Tide (about 1/3 cup to a gallon of water), and a soft brush are the best tools to use to maintain and clean metal siding. For grease spots or heavy grime, try using a non-abrasive cleanser such as Simple Green, Spic-N-Span, or Zud Heavy Duty Cleanser powder.
2.2: Heavy-duty Cleaning
Mineral spirits are best for removing old caulking, tar, wood sap, and similar problem areas. Extremely troublesome areas may require some light scraping with a putty knife, but be careful not to scar the siding.
Always clean from the bottom up, and start the task before the sun heats the siding.
Section 3--Repairing Damaged Metal Siding
3.1: Patch Repairs
Aluminum siding is much more prone to damage by impact than steel siding--but patching aluminum siding is an easy fix. Here are five steps to replace damaged areas of siding during your home renovation:
Cut the damaged piece along its center with a razor knife or tin snips.
Remove the bottom portion of the damaged section.
Cut the top lock off a new panel.
Apply a thick bead of sealant used for rain gutters, such as Geocel or Gutterseal, along the length of the defective panel.
Press the new panel in place over the damaged section.
A word of caution, however: New materials won't match the look of existing metal siding, so consider replacement carefully before undertaking the task.
3.2: Small Dent Repairs
To pull out small dents, drill a hole using a 1.8-inch drill bit, insert a sheet metal screw halfway, and pull on the screw head with vice-grip pliers until the dent pops out. Use Bondo auto-body filler to patch the hole, and spot-paint with a metal-siding-specific paint such as Calbar in a color tone that best matches the body of the house
Section 4--Using Steel Siding to Cover Existing Siding
Steel siding is one of the strongest siding materials on the market. It stands the test of time against extreme temperature fluctuations, wind, and other problems common to wood siding, such as cracking or bending. Steel siding can be used directly over existing siding, or it can be attached to furring strips to cover existing stucco or masonry walls. Many steel siding installers also roll-form panels on site to desired lengths to avoid vertical joint lines.
Steel siding typically comes pre-finished and doesn't require painting. Its drawbacks are that it's about 30 percent more costly than vinyl siding and has fewer trim and style choices due to a limited number of manufacturers.
Section 5--Using Aluminum Siding to Cover Existing Siding
Aluminum is quickly become a niche market. Like steel, it has a limited range of styles and color choices. Aluminum siding can be used to cover damaged wood siding, and it's less likely to have waves due to uneven wall studs than vinyl siding.
http://www.hud.gov
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Export of Salt (Sodium Chloride) Including Solution, Salt Water
Cameroon - Export of Salt (Sodium Chloride) Including Solution, Salt Water
Since 2014, Cameroon Export of Salt (Sodium Chloride) Including Solution, Salt Water fell by 4.5% year on year. At $61,646.24 in 2019, the country was ranked number 103 among other countries in Export of Salt (Sodium Chloride) Including Solution, Salt Water. Cameroon is overtaken by Georgia, which was ranked number 102 with $88,718.87 and is followed by Republic of the Congo with $45,231. Netherlands lead the ranking with $311,072,675.79 in 2019, that is -2.3% compared to 2018. Germany, India and United States respectively ranked number 2, 3 and 4 in this ranking. Brunei recorded the best 5 years average growth at +293.6% per year, while Benin witnessed the worst performance at -63.4% per year.
2019 61,646.24
2015 252,385.00
How does Cameroon rank in Export of Salt (Sodium Chloride) Including Solution, Salt Water?
311,072,675.79 2019 -2.3 % -0.4 % View data
88,718.87 2019 -2.6 % +24.2 % View data
61,646.24 2019 -7.9 % -4.5 % View data
45,231.00 2014 NA +40.1 % View data
How does Cameroon perform in the Salt industry?
Import of Salts and Esters of Tartaric Acid to Cameroon
Import of Hydrazine and Hydroxylamine, Inorganic Salts to Cameroon
Import of Salts of Formic Acid to Cameroon
Import of Salt (Sodium Chloride) Including Solution, Salt Water to Cameroon
Import of Salts and Esters of Citric Acid to Cameroon
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Philadelphia Nov 9, 2019
Uncle Charged for Returning Fire in Drive-by Shooting That Injured 10-year-old Boy
The uncle of a 10-year-old boy struck by gunfire during a Northeast Philadelphia drive-by shooting earlier this week is now facing charges for returning fire, authorities said.
Search Continues for Gunman Who Shot 10-year-old Boy
Police continue their search for a gunman who shot a 10-year-old boy on his way home from school. That boy is recovering from surgery. Police say the boy was hit after a gunman opened fire from the back of a red Pontiac G6 towards a group of men. NBC10’s Lauren Mayk has the latest details on the investigation.
10-Year-Old Boy Shot in the Head During Drive-by Shooting in Philadelphia
A 10-year-old boy was rushed to the hospital Wednesday in Northeast Philadelphia after being shot in the back of the head during a drive-by shooting, police said.
Philadelphia Oct 26, 2019
Road Rage Incident Leaves one in Hospital
Video Shows Man Being Run Over in West Philly
Philadelphia Apr 24, 2019
Father, Son Recovering After Being Shot by Armed Burglars
A father continues to recover after he and his 12-year-old son were shot by gunmen who burglarized their Philadelphia home Monday night.
NBCUniversal Inc. Apr 24, 2019
Boy Saves Sister's Life During Shooting
A 12-year-old boy saved his sister’s life when gunmen burglarizing their home opened fire. The boy suffered a graze wound to the chest but was released from the hospital. Their father was also shot and remains hospitalized.
Armed Burglars Shoot Father, 12-Year-Old Son When They Arrive Back to Philadelphia Home
A father and his 12-year-old son were both shot by armed robbers burglarizing their Philadelphia home Monday night.
Burglars Shoot Father, Son as They Come Home
A father went to investigate a broken window at his Frankford neighborhood home to find two armed men inside. The gunmen opened fire, striking the man multiple times and grazing his son.
Philadelphia police Feb 7, 2019
Frankford High School Sex Assault
Police have signed an arrest warrant for a Philadelphia woman after she allegedly left her quadriplegic son with cerebral palsy alone in the woods for over five days with nothing but a blanket and a Bible. Nyia Parler, 41, is accused of leaving her 21-year-old son in a wooded area along Cobbs Creek Parkway near Catharine Street around 11 a.m....
TLMD_JC_MAMA
The Philadelphia woman accused of abandoning her quadriplegic son with cerebral palsy and leaving him alone in the woods for over five days with nothing but a blanket and a Bible is out of the hospital and in police custody. Nyia Parler, 41, is accused of leaving her 21-year-old son in a wooded area along Cobbs Creek Parkway near Catharine…
Philadelphia Feb 7, 2019
Surveillance video captured an armed store owner scaring off an armed robber in West Philadelphia Monday morning. Police say the unidentified suspect first entered the K&S Super Store on 5237 Market Street at 7:30 a.m. Monday and pointed a gun at a 63-year-old employee inside. The employee gave the suspect cash and two packs of cigarettes. The suspect then...
Philadelphia Nov 26, 2018
8-Year-Old Boy, 2 Teens Rushed to Hospital by Police After Bullets Fly in West Philadelphia
Three boys — one as young as 8 years old — were shot in West Philadelphia on Sunday night and rushed to the hospital by responding police officers.
8-Year-Old Among Victims of Triple Shooting
A horrifying ordeal for a Philadelphia mother. Her 8-year-old son was struck by a stray bullet in Cobbs Creek. Police say the bullets were meant for two other teenagers, who were outside at the time.
Philadelphia police Oct 2, 2018
Mom Dies in Quadruple Shooting While Shielding Baby Girl From Bullets in West Philadelphia, Family Says
A mother was killed in a quadruple shooting in West Philadelphia while shielding her baby daughter from the bullets, according to her family members.
Philadelphia Oct 2, 2018
Mom Dies Protecting Baby Girl From Gunfire
Loved ones are mourning a mother who was killed in a quadruple shooting while shielding her baby daughter from the bullets.
Philadelphia police Sep 29, 2018
1 Killed, 3 Hurt After Drive-By Shooter Peppers West Philadelphia Home With Bullets
Three babies were inside the home where the shooting took place, police said. They were not injured.
1 Killed, 3 Hurt in West Philly Shooting
A man is dead and three other people are hospitalized after gunmen drove up to a West Philadelphia home and opened fire.
David Chang Sep 11, 2018
Police Arrest Philadelphia Youth Basketball Coach Accused of Knocking Out Referee
Police arrested a Philadelphia youth basketball coach accused of punching a referee during a game last month.
David Chang Aug 30, 2018
Coach Knocks Referee Unconscious at Philadelphia Youth Basketball League, Police Say
Police are searching for a Philadelphia youth basketball coach accused of punching a referee during a game earlier this month.
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Watch Jack White rework The White Stripes’ ‘Ball And Biscuit’ on ‘SNL’
White's last-minute appearance also saw him pay tribute to Eddie Van Halen
Jack White on 'SNL'. CREDIT: YouTube/Saturday Night Live
Jack White was the musical guest on Saturday Night Live last night (October 10), and part of his performance saw him rework White Stripes song ‘Ball And Biscuit’.
READ MORE: SNL heroes: stunning Saturday Night Live performances by your favourite stars
The White Stripes frontman was announced as the last-minute musical guest for this week’s show on Friday (October 9), replacing country artist Morgan Wallen, who was removed from the lineup earlier this week after video emerged of him not wearing a mask while attending a crowded house party.
Accompanied by drummer Daru Jones and bassist Dominic John Davis, White ran through a number of hits including ‘Lazaretto’ and his Beyoncé collaboration, ‘Don’t Hurt Yourself’.
White also reworked ‘Ball And Biscuit’, which is taken from the 2003 White Stripes album ‘Elephant’, by adding in lyrics from ‘Jesus Is Coming Soon’, a traditional gospel song about the 1918 Spanish Flu that was famously performed by Blind Willie Johnson.
You can watch White’s performances below:
During his performance of ‘Lazaretto’, White used a guitar designed for him by the late Eddie Van Halen, who died from cancer on Tuesday (October 6).
Sharing a photo of the guitar Van Halen designed for him on his Facebook page yesterday (October 9) ahead of his SNL performance, White wrote: “i thought it could be a nice gesture for me to use this blue eddie van halen model guitar for one of the songs tonight on SNL. the guitar was designed by eddie (with a few customizations i had added).
“eddie was very kind to me and saw to it that this guitar was made for me to my specs. i wont even insult the man’s talent by trying to play one of his songs tonight. thanks again eddie for this guitar and rest in peace sir.”
Elsewhere during last night’s Saturday Night Live, Jim Carrey suited up as Joe Biden once again for its cold open – but with an added a hint of Jeff Goldblum.
In front of a limited live audience, Carrey revisited his comedy performance of the Democratic presidential nominee in a spoof that saw him crash the recent vice presidential debate between Kamala Harris and Mike Pence.
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Snow in the evening will transition to snow showers overnight. Low 28F. Winds W at 10 to 20 mph. Chance of snow 80%. Snow accumulating 1 to 3 inches.
USPS shippable envelopes and boxes are seen on display on Tuesday at the post office located on Court Street in Watertown. Sydney Schaefer/Watertown Daily Times
As Postmaster General DeJoy testifies before Senate, House will vote on act to keep USPS from further cuts
By ALEX GAULT
agault@wdt.net
Alex Gault
Aug 21, 2020 Updated Aug 22, 2020
The House of Representatives will return to the U.S. Capitol on Saturday, weeks earlier than planned, to vote on legislation that would prevent Postmaster General Louis DeJoy from making further changes to the U.S. Postal Service that have negatively impacted service.
Do you think the federal government should try to save the U.S. Postal Service?
The bill the House is expected to vote on is H.R. 8015, named the Delivering for America Act. The bill was introduced on Aug. 11 by Rep. Carolyn B. Maloney, NY-12.
The proposed act would prevent the USPS from making changes to operations or levels of service that would substantially alter them from their status on Jan. 1 of this year. The act would stay in effect until the end of the COVID-19 pandemic, or to Jan. 1, 2021, whichever comes later.
“At this juncture in our nation’s history, when the number of Americans voting by mail for this Presidential election is expected to more than double from the last, Congress must protect the right of all eligible citizens to have their vote counted,” Rep. Maloney said in a statement announcing the bill. “A once-in-a-century pandemic is no time to enact changes that threaten service reliability and transparency.”
The legislation was drafted in response to a series of changes that have impacted mail delivery speeds and service across the nation. Among the changes were cuts to overtime for postal workers, a ban on extra trips to deliver mail that had been left out of the first run, and the removal of postal drop boxes and mail sorting machines from USPS locations across the country.
Former north country Congressman John M. McHugh was chairman of the Oversight and Government Reform Committee, and worked to pass the last piece of legislation that drastically altered the operations of the USPS in 2006. He is currently chairman of the Package Coalition, an industry group that works to ensure that the USPS continues to offer competitive package delivery services to businesses. He said that most of the changes Postmaster General DeJoy made had strongly negative impacts.
“A good number, if not all the changes he made, while perhaps of fine intention, had significant and pretty serious negative impacts on delivery standards and time of service, in other words timely delivery of mail,” he said. “That is not a good thing, and we saw across the country a lot of concern and pushback on that.”
On Tuesday, Postmaster General DeJoy announced that he would be suspending what he called “longstanding operational initiatives,” at the USPS, which were resulting in reductions to service and delivery speeds.
Mr. McHugh said that the postmaster general’s decision to pause those changes was positive, but the legislation that the House will consider on Saturday would cement the pause and prevent the postmaster general from reimposing them before January.
“The bill in question would, if passed and signed into law, would preclude his ability to bring them back at any time before January, whether it’s before or after the election,” he said.
But the service degradation that the USPS has experienced over recent weeks is only a symptom of a larger issue, Mr. McHugh said. The USPS has been losing money for nearly a decade, and there are no signs that the service can dig itself out of the hole alone. The postal service reported in July that, as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, they were facing a loss of more than $22 billion over the next 18 months.
“There still remains unresolved, at least in our view as the Package Coalition, of this impending cash shortfall, cash depletion of the postal service and its ability to continue operations,” he said.
Legislation has been proposed that would infuse much needed money back into the USPS. In May, the House of Representatives passed the HEROES Act, which among many other things included $25 billion in aid to the USPS. In the Senate, Sens. Susan Collins and Dianne Feinstein have introduced a bipartisan bill that would also provide up to $25 billion to cover revenue loss and operations expenses as a result of the pandemic. However, the Senate has made no moves to even introduce the HEROES Act to the floor for a vote, nor has it moved on the bill from Sens. Collins and Feinstein.
The postmaster general, alongside the chairman of the Postal Service Board of Governors Robert M. Duncan, appeared before the Senate Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee on Friday, and will appear before the House Oversight and Reform Committee on Monday.
Mr. McHugh said that those two hearings will be very important as Congress attempts to sort out the causes of, and a solution to, the degradation in service quality at the USPS over the last few weeks, and plans to address its ongoing financial issues.
“The bill is one thing, but attendant to that is the hearing the House will have next week, the Senate (had) a similar forum on Friday, to have the Postmaster General in, to have the Chairman of the Board of Governors, Chairman (Robert) Duncan in, to ask him ‘Where are we in terms of all the issues of the day?” Mr. McHugh said. “The cash, the standards, so on and so forth. That’s an important part of what Congress should do, so that’s a good thing.”
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rockloper Aug 22, 2020 6:45am
And tRUMP supporters think they're such patriots. I say make them go back to school finish their education at least until 8th grade.
College women’s hockey: Lonergan makes first experience with Clarkson-St. Lawrence rivalry count
Trump pardons former Carthage developer
Bridge removal
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Four COVID deaths, 177 new cases reported Wednesday in tri-county area
North country, state officials congratulate Biden, Harris on taking office
Shelter in place order lifted for Carthage, West Carthage residents
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Covid-19 update - thank you for not travelling (5 January 2021)
With a National lockdown now in place, we are urging everyone to stay home and not to travel into the North York Moors National Park unless this is absolutely essential.
Government has stated that you must stay at home except where you have a ‘reasonable excuse’ which includes exercising (once a day), but not for the purpose of recreation or leisure (e.g. a picnic or a social meeting). Nor should you be travelling to second homes and holiday accommodation.
You can exercise in a public outdoor place with people you live with, your support bubble (or as part of a childcare bubble) or, when on your own, with one person from another household. In all cases, you should social distance from anyone you do not live with or is not part of your support bubble, which includes staying two metres apart. Where this is not possible, stay one metre apart and take extra steps to stay safe such as wearing a face covering. You must stay at home if you have coronavirus symptoms or are self-isolating.
If you are heading out for your daily exercise, remember this should be done locally and in open spaces close to your own home, and you should walk or cycle to them wherever possible. As not everyone has easy access to green space, you are allowed to travel a short distance within your area to do so.
We know how important accessing the National Park is to your health and wellbeing, and therefore all our car parks and toilets will remain open for local use. Remember most other visitor facilities in the North York Moors will be closed with only a few exceptions, such as public forests. Before you leave home, you must check online to see if the outdoor space you're planning to visit is open.
The National Park will be here waiting for you to enjoy fully when it is safe to do so and we look forward to welcoming you back then. For now we all need to do our bit to help reduce the spread of coronavirus, protect the NHS and save lives by staying at home, and acting responsibly to protect local communities and other visitors. Thank you for not travelling.
We will be constantly reviewing all government advice and will provide updates here accordingly.
Guidelines for accessing the National Park responsibly #RespectProtectEnjoy
We ask you to follow Government’s rules on exercising and meeting other people when visiting. If you are only a short distance away, please follow our guidelines:
Know Before You Go and plan ahead: Before travelling here for your outdoor exercise, please check online to see if the outdoor public space is open first. It’s also worth checking for road closures during severe weather as well as any planned roadworks, as there may be lengthy diversions in place.
Stay safe: Public Rights of Way everywhere remain open for local use but we ask you to observe social distancing guidelines. Clean your hands regularly. Bring hand sanitiser for use after touching shared surfaces (gates, stiles etc) and wash your hands as soon as you are back indoors. Remember weather conditions can change quickly. Are you fully equipped? Plan ahead and be prepared – and read our advice on staying safe.
Avoid popular spots: Large gatherings at beauty spots will only make social distancing incredibly difficult. If you arrive at a site that is already busy, go elsewhere or come another time. If car parks are full, remember do not park on verges or block gates, which restricts access for local residents, farm vehicles or emergency services; find an alternative. We have created a list of car parks within the National Park to help.
Follow The Countryside Code #RespectProtectEnjoy
If you do choose to exercise in the North York Moors, please make sure that you are following The Countryside Code:
➜ Respect other people: consider the local community and other people; park carefully so access to gateways is clear, leave gates and property as you find them; and follow paths
➜ Protect the natural environment: leave no trace of your visit and take your litter home; do not have BBQs or fires; keep dogs under control; dog poo - bag it and bin it (or take it home)
➜ Enjoy the outdoors: plan ahead and be prepared; follow advice and local signs and stick with social distancing
Respect wildlife and livestock: Always keep your dog on a short lead near farm animals, but if cattle act aggressively, it is safer if you let it off the lead. Stick to defined routes and keep dogs under close control wherever you are to protect wildlife. If you are driving, please slow down and drive with care on moorland roads as there is very likely to be a sheep or bird wandering around the next bend.
Follow the latest Government advice closely: Government information on the National lockdown includes details on what you can and can’t do. Government also regularly updates its guidance on using green spaces safely while protecting yourself and others. Please remember leaving your home to stay at another home for a holiday is not allowed. This includes visiting second homes, mobile homes, camping and motorhomes.
While we cannot currently give you the welcome we would want, check out our website for inspiration, including Nature for all, a roundup of all the best ways to appreciate what’s around us and reconnect with nature from the comfort of your home.
National Park Authority services from 5 January
Whilst the National Park Authority has closed some functions, such as National Park Centres, it is able to operate the majority of its administrative functions remotely, including Planning, with most of our staff now working from home.
The National Park HQ at The Old Vicarage in Helmsley is currently closed to the public, and all meetings will be taking place via video/teleconference.
You can still reach us by telephone (01439 772700) and email in the usual way on general@northyorkmoors.org.uk. Our Reception staff are working at home to answer phone calls and emails during normal office hours (9am–5pm Monday to Friday).
Planning service
The new national restrictions mean that although we will continue to provide an effective planning service, officers will be unable to meet directly to offer advice, although site visits for applications and enforcement purposes will still be undertaken, with safeguards in place. Further details of the service are available in the Planning service coronavirus webpage.
During this period, which is to be reviewed on 15 February, public meetings will still be held remotely using video or telephone conferencing technology. Our Planning Committees will continue to being held virtually where planning applications requiring Member determination are decided.
National Park facilities
All of our car parks and toilets are open for local use. Please check the latest information on our car parks and toilets page.
Our National Park Centres at Sutton Bank and Danby, including the Inspired by… gallery, are currently closed. All events and other activities that were planned to take place have been cancelled/postponed. Our outdoor grounds and toilets remain open at both sites for local use but toilets may be operating at a reduced capacity to assist with social distancing; you may also find them closed for additional cleaning during the day, please be patient.
As an essential retail service, the independently operated Sutton Bank Bikes is open weekends only for sales, repairs and servicing (10.30am-4.30pm but subject to change). Park Life Café is operating a limited takeaway service at Sutton Bank from their Grab & Go Express hatch (open 10.30am-3pm weekdays and 10.30am-3.30pm at the weekends). Please follow their one-way system, and stick to social distancing rules and any procedures they have in place. Park Life Café is closed at The Moors National Park Centre.
Further guidance and frequently asked questions regarding our gallery, events and activities are available on the Sutton Bank National Park Centre page and The Moors National Park Centre page.
These measures will remain under constant review.
Our volunteering service has suspended all activities until further notice. We would like to thank all of our volunteers for your continued dedication and contribution to the North York Moors National Park, and look forward to welcoming you back when it is safe to do so.
Search our interactive map to find out if your local community has a food delivery or collection service.
People in North Yorkshire without access to a support network in urgent need of help, or for signposting someone in need, should get in touch with North Yorkshire County Council’s Customer Service Centre by calling 01609 780780 or find out more on the County Council website.
North Yorkshire County Council is looking for additional staff to support vital health and social care services. Find out how to apply.
Community First Yorkshire is working with partners to co-ordinate community responses, including connecting local people to volunteering opportunities.
Redcar & Cleveland Voluntary Development Agency is acting similarly
The Farming Help Partnership – Addington Fund, Farming Community Network (FCN), Forage Aid, Royal Agricultural Benevolent Institution and RSABI, supported by The Prince's Countryside Fund - are working together to support the Farming Community.
General business support
Government COVID-19: guidance for employees, employers and businesses
Government’s dedicated Business Support website outlines how to access business support measures
Information about support available to businesses in North Yorkshire can be found via North Yorkshire County Council. This includes links to the relevant sections on the District and Borough Council websites for accessing business rate relief, business rates holiday and grant funding packages.
The York & North Yorkshire Local Enterprise Partnership operates a York and North Yorkshire Growth Hub, offering business advice and support for no charge, including a ‘From Adversity to Recovery’ mentoring programme designed to support SMEs, as well as a comprehensive list of funding and grant support.
Information for businesses located in Redcar & Cleveland Borough Council can be found on its Business Support Information page.
Federation of Small Businesses has advice and guidance for small businesses and the self-employed on reducing the risks from coronavirus.
The National Lottery Heritage Fund has a number of grants available for projects and organisations, including the second round of the Culture Recovery Fund. This offers grants between £10,000 - £3m to support organisations to make the transition towards reopening in the future and is open for applications until 26 January.
See Arts Council England for its latest advice, guidance and emergency funding measures for cultural organisations (both profit and not for profit). The Culture Recovery Fund is also relevant to this sector, and open for applications until 26 January.
Digital Advantage Grants - available for SME businesses based in North Yorkshire to spend on anything connected to digital/online. Delivered by Coventry University Enterprises Ltd. Contact e: businesssolutions@cueltd.co.uk or T: 02476 236406
Specific support and advice for the tourism sector
Get involved in Project Thrive - we're working with North York Moors Tourism Network on how tourism businesses can develop a stronger off-peak season and what we need to do to target additional markets with product development.
Follow the Recovery Marketing Programme run by tourism specialist, Susan Briggs. There is no charge for any of this activity. You can also join the very supportive online Tourism Network community.
Apply to our Local businesses tourism contribution grant scheme. Projects could include setting up an event, adapting your offer to enable you to join one of our activity friendly schemes or encouraging off-peak visits. Applications will be dealt with on a first come first served basis. Grants of up to £10,000 are available.
Visit England/Visit Britain latest information is specific to the tourism industry. A dedicated page on their Business Advice Hub signposts tourism businesses to the latest Government health advice, how to manage staff, cleaning guidance and financial support.
VisitEngland's ‘We’re Good To Go’ industry standard enables businesses to reassure your customers that you are adhering to Government and public health guidelines and have carried out a COVID-19 risk assessment. Complete a self-assessment via the online platform to receive a certification for your business and the ‘We’re Good To Go’ mark to display on your premises and online.
Ryedale District Council has pulled together a comprehensive list of support available to tourism businesses.
The Visit York Members and Partners web page provides key updates and useful resources.
Welcome to Yorkshire's Business Support pages include updates, toolkits and examples of best practice from across the industry
We'd love to know if you're a food business operating special services within your local community. Email tourism@northyorkmoors.org.uk to be added to our interactive map.
Artisan Whitby have set up a pop-up community initiative to support local artists, artisans and craft producers through creating an online market square. If you make and sell your own produce you can add a listing.
Our latest statements
'Welcome back' - National Park Centres open doors for the first time in over 14 weeks – 3 July 2020
National Park takes new steps to tackle litter – 12 June 2020
'Explore quieter spots and avoid local communities' – latest message from National Park – 29 May 2020
National Park warns 'fires could devastate wildlife so no BBQs' – 28 May 2020
National Park issues bank holiday weekend guidance to keep people safe – 22 May 2020
‘If it’s busy move on or stay local’ - weekend message from police and National Park – 14 May 2020
‘Stay apart. Act responsibly. Save lives.’ - key message from National Park – 12 May 2020
Clear message from police and National Parks - 'Stay home. Stay safe. Save lives.' – 30 April 2020
National Park issues fire alert and urges caution to support emergency services amid coronavirus – 17 April 2020
'Stay home, stay safe this Easter' – appeal from National Park – 09 April 2020
‘Keep following Government guidance’ – National Park's response on travel to beauty spots – 03 April 2020
National Park thanks public after dramatic drop in travel to beauty spots – 31 March 2020
Do not travel to the North York Moors unless this is really essential – 27 March 2020
Visitors urged not to visit daffodil hotspot to protect community – 26 March 2020
COVID-19 – Heather burning in the North York Moors – 26 March 2020
COVID-19: Latest update from the North York Moors National Park Authority – 23 March 2020
National Park Authority update – 18 March 2020
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Kwabena Kwabena
Highlife musician, Kwabena Kwabena will launch the highly anticipated fifth studio album ‘Ahy?si’ (The Beginning) which is produced by the legendary Kwame Yeboah and Kaywa today, Thursday, November 30.
Named as one of the biggest contemporary highlife musician in Ghana and beyond with four popular albums to his name, the Ghanaian highlife artiste featured Ghana’s award winning rapper, M.anifest on his latest album.
The ten-track album to be released at the Plus 233 Pub and Grill in Accra will also witness live performances from the multiple award winning artiste and from supporting artistes like legendary contemporary Highlife Musician Ofori Amponsah, Asantewaa, Coded of 4X4 fame and M.anifest.
Ghanaian actress, Nana Ama McBrown will be emceeing Kwabena Kwabena’s 5th album launch.
Apart from popular actress Nana Ama Mcbrown emceeing the show, other famous movie stars and media personalities, like James Gardner, Kofi Okyere Darko (KOD), Martha Ankomah, Nathaniel Attoh, Abeiku Santana, and Akumaa Mama Zimbi will also be gracing the launch.
Kwabena’s latest album has hit-songs Tuamudaa, Adanse?, Siwagedem which are already out.
I’m Taking Over GH Music — Fancy Gadam
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Q&A • 12 October 2020
Essie Davis Q&A
The Australian actress on the daunting task of narrating The Living Sea of Waking Dreams audiobook for Booker Prize winning author (and family friend) Richard Flanagan.
Before this project, how familiar were you with Richard Flanagan’s work? You’re both Tasmanians, so that must’ve been a good start?
I’ve known Richard since I was a little girl. He and my older brother, Richard, were at uni together and guides on the Franklin River together. He became a deeply loved family friend. I also played a cameo in his film The Sound of One Hand Clapping.
Did you feel daunted by the task of narrating for a Booker Prize winning author?
I did feel daunted. Particularly because his book is often written like a poem, with his rich language and chosen lack of punctuation to speak at the speed of thought. And then sometimes thought becomes dialogue. It was complex. And I didn’t want to disappoint him.
What were your first impressions of the book?
It touched me so deeply and feels of this time, it's so perfectly reflective of this world here and now. It taught me the word solastalgia, which names something I feel profoundly.
Can you tell us a bit about the process?
I read the book, which I loved. I looked up every word that I didn’t know or was uncertain of, the multiple meanings in the dictionary, and then went through the book with Flan to understand some of the phrasing in pages without commas or full stops or other punctuation. The intentions, whose point of view it was etc. I recorded in a little sound studio in Hobart without a director or producer present so if in doubt I’d call Richard (sometimes every few minutes) to discuss pacing, intensity, context, voice, tone, intention and more. Sometimes we’d play him back a section in various styles to let him choose which way to go. I was very concerned that it should be what he intended it to be. I would rather re-record it if he’s not happy! Seriously. I still would.
What were some of the biggest challenges in narrating the book?
Apart from the above, breathing.
Something that surprised you?
That so small a book could contain and touch upon so much and so many aspects of life.
What role did Richard play (if any)?
He was my ‘phone a friend’ whenever I was in doubt.
Any parts you struggled to get right?
Pretty much all of it!! I’m still not sure that I have.
If you had to describe the book to a stranger, what would you say it’s about?
Just read it. You won’t regret it.
Any favourite lines/passages?
One of my absolute favourite passages is about Francie’s father kneeling on the earth and being so profoundly grateful for the earth, sky, mountains, the sea.
Chapter six, 2.
Where did Francie go in her dreams, Anna wondered as she watched over her that night. Was she returning to her childhood stories of a fabulous past of rebel priests, magic, a world where the convicts cursed and fate answered, where sea eagles stole babies and brought them up in nests in Bass Strait islands, where priests froze adulterers to the spot by staring at them?
Brought up in poverty on a Depression era scrabbling fifty-acre farm, Francie viewed her childhood on that north western Tasmanian hill as rich beyond compare. Her father, whom she loved deeply, would each morning walk down the three back steps of their weatherboard farmhouse with its newspaper lined walls, and drop to his knees.
And there in the Melrose hills, halfway between the immensity of Bass Strait’s ocean twenty miles to the north and the massif of Mount Roland an equivalent distance to the south, that tiny prostrated form let his soul fill with the glittering azure of the sea, the ultramarine of the mountain, and the bands between of ploughed volcanic earth and vibrant forest and crops rippling in the racing cloud shadow. The red! The green! The blue! If he were to make a flag, that would be his tricolour, and he would call it home, family, love. If he were to shout it to the heavens he would cry Us! We! Ours!
But he knelt.
And, kneeling there, head bowed, with the immense universe vibrating in and out and through him, that universe which he understood as him also, Francie’s father would each morning thank God for such beauty that there is in this world.
The idea and the image—they were to Francie one. The insignificance and the immensity. The gift and the gratitude. The power of the man in the world, the power of the world in the man.
Francie never forgot that vision, nor did she ever escape the sense that the world and God and beauty and love could also be hers, if she just fell to her knees and let each fill her. And against the cosmic power of that image the poverty of her childhood was as nothing.
The Living Sea of Waking Dreams Richard Flanagan
Richard Flanagan Q&A
The Booker Prize winning author answers our questions about his strangely beautiful story about hope and love and orange-bellied parrots: The Living Sea of Waking Dreams.
New Richard Flanagan novel this October
We’re delighted to announce the publication of Richard Flanagan’s new novel, The Living Sea of Waking Dreams, in October 2020.
Art focus: Ben Quilty
Richard Flanagan discovers the ‘fury of meaning’ within Ben Quilty’s 2016 painting, ‘High tide mark’.
9 audiobooks for the whole family to enjoy
The perfect way to listen and learn!
Listen productively
Five other things you can do while listening to audiobooks at home.
Julietta Henderson Q&A
The Funny Thing About Norman Foreman author on grief, happiness and her favourite comedy legend.
Sue Brierley Q&A
The Lioness author shares a message of love, determination and hope.
Mary Li Q&A
The international ballet star on dance, deafness and discipline.
Lee Child and Andrew Child Q&A
Lee Child and younger brother Andrew have collaborated for the first time on The Sentinel and Jack Reacher fans are in for a treat.
Future Women Q&A
The Future Women team reflect on the themes of Untold Resilience and extraordinary women interviewed for the book.
Turia Pitt Q&A
The inspirational author on gratefulness, savouring, self-love and getting through tough times.
James Rebanks Q&A
The English Pastoral author reveals some lessons learned on and from the land.
Looking for more Q&As?
See all Q&As
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Next Day Air Overnight False Delivery Claims Leave UPS Facing $25 Million Settlement
Written by Megan Young
Posted in: UPS
Tagged: UPS
According to a recent article at USA Today, United Parcel Service (UPS) will pay in excess of $25 million to settle claims that the package-delivery giant submitted false claims to the federal government in connection with Next Day Air overnight package deliveries for a 10-year period spanning 2004 to 2014.
UPS has contracts with the U.S. Transportation Command and General Services Administration, and provides hundreds of federal agencies with delivery services under these contracts, one of which supports DOD (Department of Defense) agencies. Federal officials claim that under these contracts, UPS guaranteed packages would be delivered by specified times the next day, although the company failed to meet those guarantees and even concealed its repeated failures.
Federal prosecutors claim that because of UPS' deception, government customers were prevented from seeking the refunds they were entitled to for late deliveries. UPS is accused by government officials of making it appear as though shipments had been delivered as guaranteed (on time) by recording inaccurate delivery times on packages. In addition, personnel at the shipping giant also allegedly used exception codes as excuses for the late deliveries which did not apply, including "business closed," "customer not in," "security delay," and other codes. Federal officials also allege that UPS provided the federal government with performance data under the delivery contracts, data that was inaccurate in terms of "on-time" deliveries.
While UPS does not agree with the government's position on its Next Day Air Overnight delivery service, it negotiated a settlement in order to "avoid lengthy and costly litigation." UPS will pay $25 million to the Department of Justice and $740,000 to the state of New Jersey, although company officials did not acknowledge any liability in the settlement.
In a statement, UPS said that it values relationships with all customers and "continues to be a valued supplier in good standing with the federal and state government." Acting inspector general of the General Services Administration Robert Erickson said in the article that, "The United States should get what it pays for, nothing less."
Robert Fulk, a former UPS employee, filed the lawsuit in Virginia federal court; he will receive $3.75 million according to government officials. The lawsuit was filed under the whistle-blower provision of the False Claims Act, which permits individuals to share a portion of the recovery in claims filed on behalf of the government.
While Parcel Audit Pros works on behalf of businesses who do substantial small parcel shipping using freight carriers such as UPS and FedEx, the above story is clear evidence that shippers are not always "above board." Are you entitled to a Fedex refund or UPS refund for packages delivered late, or not delivered at all? Contact our parcel auditing experts today to learn how your business may be able to recover refunds for mischarged shipments and more.
UPS Plans to Do Away with Big Discounts for Some Retailers
DHL to Meet eCommerce Growth Demands With $100 Million Investment
UPS Stores in Manhattan Accused of Overcharging Customers
UPS and FedEx Charges Increasing at 5 1/2 Times Inflation Rate
support@parcelauditpros.com
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Parcel Audit Pros provides the most modern, secure and effective parcel auditing platform available. We audit FedEx and UPS shipments automatically for you and at the lowest rates in the industry. Save more with Parcel Audit Pros.
* Our customers average refund amounts totaling 5% of their shipping costs. Actual savings depend on several factors, and may vary.
UPS Plans to Do Away with Big Discounts for Some Retailers [8/5/2015]
According to a recent article at the Wall Street Journal, UPS has been involved in talks with dozens of retailers...
DHL to Meet eCommerce Growth Demands With $100 Million Investment [6/19/2015]
Last week, DHL announced that the company would be expanding its Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky airport hub facility in an effort to...
Next Day Air Overnight False Delivery Claims Leave UPS Facing $25 Million Settlement [6/4/2015]
According to a recent article at USA Today, United Parcel Service (UPS) will pay in excess of $25 million to...
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New Car Awards 2021
Cars coming soon
Nearly new cars for sale
Car choosing tool
Car leasing special offers
Car leasing advice
Car finance advice
Get finance quote
Car Tax advice
Best car products
Car glossary
Car Jargon Explained
Company car tax calculator
How benefit-in-kind BIK tax works
Buy a car warranty
Find a car's insurance group
Car insurance advice
Saloon 2007 car tax
Choose a different model
Dodge Avenger (2007 - 2009) road tax
Used Prices
Select a trim level:
SE road tax
Six-monthly
(g/km)
2.0 CRD SE 4d £240.00 £132.00 N/A 170 (Band H)
2.0 SE 4d £265.00 £145.75 N/A 185 (Band I)
SXT road tax
2.0 CRD SXT 4d £240.00 £132.00 N/A 170 (Band H)
2.0 SXT 4d £265.00 £145.75 N/A 185 (Band I)
2.4 SXT 4d Auto £330.00 £181.50 N/A 211 (Band K)
First Year Rate
Since 2010, new cars have been subject to a different rate of road tax during their first year from new. The first year rate is currently determined by a combination of CO2 emissions (higher CO2 = higher tax) and the type of fuel the car uses. It is only ever paid once, when the car leaves the showroom, and is always rolled into a car's full "on the road" price, so is the least visible of the road tax rates that may be applied to a car during its lifespan. From April 1 2020, CO2 measured under the latest WLTP test scheme replaced the previous CO2 figures measured under the now defunct (and more optimistic) NEDC regime.
From April 1 2017, if a car's total list price, including any factory-fitted options, exceeds £40,000, an additional rate of £325 per year is paid in the first five years that its road tax is renewed. This rate is only included in the figures shown below where the basic list price of a car - with no options - exceeds £40,000. Note that if adding options to a car priced under £40,000 in its basic form then pushes its price over £40,000, then the additional rate will apply. If buying new, always check with the dealer what the full list price of the car will be, including extras, so you know what road tax rate will apply at renewal.
Six-monthly Road Tax
From April 1 2017, if a car's total list price, including any factory-fitted options, exceeds £40,000, an additional rate of £178.75 per half year is paid in the first five years that its road tax is renewed. This rate is only included in the figures shown below where the basic list price of a car - with no options - exceeds £40,000. Note that if adding options to a car priced under £40,000 in its basic form then pushes its price over £40,000, then the additional rate will apply. If buying new, always check with the dealer what the full list price of the car will be, including extras, so you know what road tax rate will apply at renewal.
Additional Rate Road Tax
Figure shown includes additional rate of £325 (per year) or £178.75 (per half year) levied on cars registered after April 1 2017 with a list price over £40,000. The additional rate is only applied for the first five years that road tax is renewed; renewals after that incur the standard rate for the car's fuel type.
CO2 and VED Bands
Cars registered after March 1 2001 are classified into a range of bands according to their level of CO2 emissions, with cars in higher bands generally being subject to higher rates of road tax. The bandings were completely overhauled from April 1 2017, so that most cars registered after that date will belong to a higher band than previously. More significantly, where CO2 band was previously used to determine both first year rate and the standard rate at renewal, from April 1 2017, CO2 band is only used to work out the first year rate. The standard renewal rate is no longer based on CO2. From April 1 2020, CO2 measured under the latest WLTP test scheme replaced the previous CO2 figures measured under the now defunct (and more optimistic) NEDC regime.
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CFDs are complex instruments and come with a high risk of losing money rapidly due to leverage. 76.4% of retail investor accounts lose money when trading CFDs with this provider. You should consider whether you understand how CFDs work and whether you can afford to take the high risk of losing your money.
76.4% of retail CFD accounts lose money.
Trading arrow-down4
Pfizer (Weekly Contract) PFE_W
Pfizer Inc. A US healthcare products developer, producer and distributor based in New York City. This contract expires after 7 days. Yahoo! Finance
-0.034752%
Risk Disclosure Notice
Due to regulatory obligations, bonuses are not applicable to Plus500CY Retail customers.
Plus500 is a trademark of Plus500 Ltd. Plus500 Ltd operates through the following subsidiaries:
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Find NORPACE® CR medical information:
Norpace CR Drug Shortage Communication – Supply Status
NORPACE® CR (disopyramide phosphate extended-release capsules)
NORPACE® CR Quick Finder
Norpace and Norpace CR are indicated for the treatment of documented ventricular arrhythmias, such as sustained ventricular tachycardia, that, in the judgment of the physician, are life-threatening. Because of the proarrhythmic effects of Norpace and Norpace CR, their use with lesser arrhythmias is generally not recommended. Treatment of patients with asymptomatic ventricular premature contractions should be avoided.
Initiation of Norpace or Norpace CR treatment, as with other antiarrhythmic agents used to treat life-threatening arrhythmias, should be carried out in the hospital. Norpace CR should not be used initially if rapid establishment of disopyramide plasma levels is desired.
Antiarrhythmic drugs have not been shown to enhance survival in patients with ventricular arrhythmias.
The dosage of Norpace or Norpace CR must be individualized for each patient on the basis of response and tolerance. The usual adult dosage of Norpace or Norpace CR is 400 to 800 mg per day given in divided doses. The recommended dosage for most adults is 600 mg/day given in divided doses (either 150 mg every 6 hours for immediate-release Norpace or 300 mg every 12 hours for Norpace CR). For patients whose body weight is less than 110 pounds (50 kg), the recommended dosage is 400 mg/day given in divided doses (either 100 mg every 6 hours for immediate-release Norpace or 200 mg every 12 hours for Norpace CR). In the event of increased anticholinergic side effects, plasma levels of disopyramide should be monitored and the dose of the drug adjusted accordingly. A reduction of the dose by one third, from the recommended 600 mg/day to 400 mg/day, would be reasonable, without changing the dosing interval.
For patients with cardiomyopathy or possible cardiac decompensation, a loading dose, as discussed below, should not be given, and initial dosage should be limited to 100 mg of immediate-release Norpace every 6 to 8 hours. Subsequent dosage adjustments should be made gradually, with close monitoring for the possible development of hypotension and/or congestive heart failure (see Warnings).
For patients with moderate renal insufficiency (creatinine clearance greater than 40 ml/min) or hepatic insufficiency, the recommended dosage is 400 mg/day given in divided doses (either 100 mg every 6 hours for immediate-release Norpace or 200 mg every 12 hours for Norpace CR).
For patients with severe renal insufficiency (Ccr 40 ml/min or less), the recommended dosage regimen of immediate-release Norpace is 100 mg at intervals shown in the table below, with or without an initial loading dose of 150 mg.
IMMEDIATE-RELEASE NORPACE DOSAGE INTERVAL FOR PATIENTS WITH RENAL INSUFFICIENCY
(ml/min) 40–30 30–15 Less than 15
Approximate Maintenance-dosing interval q 8 hr q 12 hr Q 24 hr
The above dosing schedules are for Norpace immediate-release capsules; Norpace CR is not recommended for patients with severe renal insufficiency.
For patients in whom rapid control of ventricular arrhythmia is essential, an initial loading dose of 300 mg of immediate-release Norpace (200 mg for patients whose body weight is less than 110 pounds) is recommended, followed by the appropriate maintenance dosage. Therapeutic effects are usually attained 30 minutes to 3 hours after administration of a 300-mg loading dose. If there is no response or evidence of toxicity within 6 hours of the loading dose, 200 mg of immediate-release Norpace every 6 hours may be prescribed instead of the usual 150 mg. If there is no response to this dosage within 48 hours, either Norpace should then be discontinued or the physician should consider hospitalizing the patient for careful monitoring while subsequent immediate-release Norpace doses of 250 mg or 300 mg every 6 hours are given. A limited number of patients with severe refractory ventricular tachycardia have tolerated daily doses of Norpace up to 1600 mg per day (400 mg every 6 hours), resulting in disopyramide plasma levels up to 9 mcg/ml. If such treatment is warranted, it is essential that patients be hospitalized for close evaluation and continuous monitoring.
Norpace CR should not be used initially if rapid establishment of disopyramide plasma levels is desired.
Transferring to Norpace or Norpace CR
The following dosage schedule based on theoretical considerations rather than experimental data is suggested for transferring patients with normal renal function from either quinidine sulfate or procainamide therapy (Type 1 antiarrhythmic agents) to Norpace or Norpace CR therapy:
Norpace or Norpace CR should be started using the regular maintenance schedule without a loading dose 6 to 12 hours after the last dose of quinidine sulfate or 3 to 6 hours after the last dose of procainamide.
In patients in whom withdrawal of quinidine sulfate or procainamide is likely to produce life-threatening arrhythmias, the physician should consider hospitalization of the patient. When transferring a patient from immediate-release Norpace to Norpace CR, the maintenance schedule of Norpace CR may be started 6 hours after the last dose of immediate-release Norpace.
Controlled clinical studies have not been conducted in pediatric patients; however, the following suggested dosage table is based on published clinical experience.
Total daily dosage should be divided and equal doses administered orally every 6 hours or at intervals according to individual patient needs. Disopyramide plasma levels and therapeutic response must be monitored closely. Patients should be hospitalized during the initial treatment period, and dose titration should start at the lower end of the ranges provided below.
SUGGESTED TOTAL DAILY DOSAGE*
Disopyramide
(mg/kg body weight/day)
Dosage is expressed in milligrams of disopyramide base. Since Norpace (disopyramide phosphate) 100-mg capsules contain 100 mg of disopyramide base, the pharmacist can readily prepare a 1-mg/ml to 10-mg/ml liquid suspension by adding the entire contents of Norpace capsules to cherry syrup. (Prepare cherry syrup as follows: cherry juice, 475 ml; sucrose 800 g; alcohol, 20 ml; purified water, a sufficient quantity to make 1000 ml.) The resulting suspension, when refrigerated, is stable for one month and should be thoroughly shaken before the measurement of each dose. The suspension should be dispensed in an amber glass bottle with a child-resistant closure.
Under 1 10 to 30
1 to 4 10 to 20
4 to 12 10 to 15
12 to 18 6 to 15
Norpace CR capsules should not be used to prepare the above suspension.
Norpace and Norpace CR are contraindicated in the presence of cardiogenic shock, preexisting second-or third-degree AV block (if no pacemaker is present), congenital Q-T prolongation, or known hypersensitivity to the drug.
In the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute's Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial (CAST), a long-term, multi-center, randomized, double-blind study in patients with asymptomatic non-life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias who had had a myocardial infarction more than 6 days but less than 2 years previously, an excessive mortality or non-fatal cardiac arrest rate (7.7%) was seen in patients treated with encainide or flecainide compared with that seen in patients assigned to carefully matched placebo-treated groups (3.0%). The average duration of treatment with encainide or flecainide in this study was 10 months.
The applicability of the CAST results to other populations (e.g., those without recent myocardial infarction) is uncertain. Considering the known proarrhythmic properties of Norpace or Norpace CR and the lack of evidence of improved survival for any antiarrhythmic drug in patients without life-threatening arrhythmias, the use of Norpace or Norpace CR as well as other antiarrhythmic agents should be reserved for patients with life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias.
Negative Inotropic Properties
Heart Failure/Hypotension
Norpace or Norpace CR may cause or worsen congestive heart failure or produce severe hypotension as a consequence of its negative inotropic properties. Hypotension has been observed primarily in patients with primary cardiomyopathy or inadequately compensated congestive heart failure. Norpace or Norpace CR should not be used in patients with uncompensated or marginally compensated congestive heart failure or hypotension unless the congestive heart failure or hypotension is secondary to cardiac arrhythmia. Patients with a history of heart failure may be treated with Norpace or Norpace CR, but careful attention must be given to the maintenance of cardiac function, including optimal digitalization. If hypotension occurs or congestive heart failure worsens, Norpace or Norpace CR should be discontinued and, if necessary, restarted at a lower dosage only after adequate cardiac compensation has been established.
QRS Widening
Although it is unusual, significant widening (greater than 25%) of the QRS complex may occur during Norpace or Norpace CR administration; in such cases Norpace or Norpace CR should be discontinued.
Q-T Prolongation
As with other Type 1 antiarrhythmic drugs, prolongation of the Q-T interval (corrected) and worsening of the arrhythmia, including ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation, may occur. Patients who have evidenced prolongation of the Q-T interval in response to quinidine may be at particular risk. As with other Type 1A antiarrhythmics, disopyramide phosphate has been associated with torsade de pointes.
If a Q-T prolongation of greater than 25% is observed and if ectopy continues, the patient should be monitored closely, and consideration given to discontinuing Norpace or Norpace CR.
In rare instances significant lowering of blood-glucose values has been reported during Norpace administration. The physician should be alert to this possibility, especially in patients with congestive heart failure, chronic malnutrition, hepatic, renal or other diseases, or drugs (e.g., beta-adrenoceptor blockers, alcohol) which could compromise preservation of the normal glucoregulatory mechanisms in the absence of food. In these patients the blood-glucose levels should be carefully followed.
Concomitant Antiarrhythmic Therapy
The concomitant use of Norpace or Norpace CR with other Type 1A antiarrhythmic agents (such as quinidine or procainamide), Type 1C antiarrhythmics (such as encainide, flecainide or propafenone), and/or propranolol should be reserved for patients with life-threatening arrhythmias who are demonstrably unresponsive to single-agent antiarrhythmic therapy. Such use may produce serious negative inotropic effects, or may excessively prolong conduction. This should be considered particularly in patients with any degree of cardiac decompensation or those with a prior history thereof. Patients receiving more than one antiarrhythmic drug must be carefully monitored.
If first-degree heart block develops in a patient receiving Norpace or Norpace CR, the dosage should be reduced. If the block persists despite reduction of dosage, continuation of the drug must depend upon weighing the benefit being obtained against the risk of higher degrees of heart block. Development of second- or third-degree AV block or unifascicular, bifascicular, or trifascicular block requires discontinuation of Norpace or Norpace CR therapy, unless the ventricular rate is adequately controlled by a temporary or implanted ventricular pacemaker.
Anticholinergic Activity
Because of its anticholinergic activity, disopyramide phosphate should not be used in patients with glaucoma, myasthenia gravis, or urinary retention unless adequate overriding measures are taken; these consist of the topical application of potent miotics (e.g., pilocarpine) for patients with glaucoma, and catheter drainage or operative relief for patients with urinary retention. Urinary retention may occur in patients of either sex as a consequence of Norpace or Norpace CR administration, but males with benign prostatic hypertrophy are at particular risk. In patients with a family history of glaucoma, intraocular pressure should be measured before initiating Norpace or Norpace CR therapy. Disopyramide phosphate should be used with special care in patients with myasthenia gravis since its anticholinergic properties could precipitate a myasthenic crisis in such patients.
Atrial Tachyarrhythmias
Patients with atrial flutter or fibrillation should be digitalized prior to Norpace or Norpace CR administration to ensure that drug-induced enhancement of AV conduction does not result in an increase of ventricular rate beyond physiologically acceptable limits.
Conduction Abnormalities
Care should be taken when prescribing Norpace or Norpace CR for patients with sick sinus syndrome (bradycardia-tachycardia syndrome), Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (WPW), or bundle branch block. The effect of disopyramide phosphate in these conditions is uncertain at present.
Patients with myocarditis or other cardiomyopathy may develop significant hypotension in response to the usual dosage of disopyramide phosphate, probably due to cardiodepressant mechanisms. Therefore, a loading dose of Norpace should not be given to such patients, and initial dosage and subsequent dosage adjustments should be made under close supervision (see Dosage and Administration).
More than 50% of disopyramide is excreted in the urine unchanged. Therefore Norpace dosage should be reduced in patients with impaired renal function (see Dosage and Administration). The electrocardiogram should be carefully monitored for prolongation of PR interval, evidence of QRS widening, or other signs of overdosage (see Overdosage).
Norpace CR is not recommended for patients with severe renal insufficiency (creatinine clearance 40 ml/min or less).
Hepatic impairment also causes an increase in the plasma half-life of disopyramide. Dosage should be reduced for patients with such impairment. The electrocardiogram should be carefully monitored for signs of overdosage (see Overdosage).
Patients with cardiac dysfunction have a higher potential for hepatic impairment; this should be considered when administering Norpace or Norpace CR.
Potassium Imbalance
Antiarrhythmic drugs may be ineffective in patients with hypokalemia, and their toxic effects may be enhanced in patients with hyperkalemia. Therefore, potassium abnormalities should be corrected before starting Norpace or Norpace CR therapy.
If phenytoin or other hepatic enzyme inducers are taken concurrently with Norpace or Norpace CR, lower plasma levels of disopyramide may occur. Monitoring of disopyramide plasma levels is recommended in such concurrent use to avoid ineffective therapy. Other antiarrhythmic drugs (e.g., quinidine, procainamide, lidocaine, propranolol) have occasionally been used concurrently with Norpace. Excessive widening of the QRS complex and/or prolongation of the Q-T interval may occur in these situations (see Warnings). In healthy subjects, no significant drug-drug interaction was observed when Norpace was coadministered with either propranolol or diazepam. Concomitant administration of Norpace and quinidine resulted in slight increases in plasma disopyramide levels and slight decreases in plasma quinidine levels. Norpace does not increase serum digoxin levels.
Until data on possible interactions between verapamil and disopyramide phosphate are obtained, disopyramide should not be administered within 48 hours before or 24 hours after verapamil administration.
Although potent inhibitors of cytochrome P450 3A4 (e.g., ketoconazole) have not been studied clinically, in vitro studies have shown that erythromycin and oleandomycin inhibit the metabolism of disopyramide. Cases of life-threatening interactions have been reported for disopyramide when given with clarithromycin and erythromycin indicating that coadministration of disopyramide with inhibitors of cytochrome 3A4 could result in potentially fatal interaction.
Eighteen months of Norpace administration to rats, at oral doses up to 400 mg/kg/day (about 30 times the usual daily human dose of 600 mg/day, assuming a patient weight of at least 50 kg), revealed no evidence of carcinogenic potential. An evaluation of mutagenic potential by Ames test was negative. Norpace, at doses up to 250 mg/kg/day, did not adversely affect fertility of rats.
Norpace was associated with decreased numbers of implantation sites and decreased growth and survival of pups when administered to pregnant rats at 250 mg/kg/day (20 or more times the usual daily human dose of 12 mg/kg, assuming a patient weight of at least 50 kg), a level at which weight gain and food consumption of dams were also reduced. Increased resorption rates were reported in rabbits at 60 mg/kg/day (5 or more times the usual daily human dose). Effects on implantation, pup growth, and survival were not evaluated in rabbits. There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Norpace or Norpace CR should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.
Nonteratogenic Effects
Norpace has been reported to stimulate contractions of the pregnant uterus. Disopyramide has been found in human fetal blood.
It is not known whether the use of Norpace or Norpace CR during labor or delivery has immediate or delayed adverse effects on the fetus, or whether it prolongs the duration of labor or increases the need for forceps delivery or other obstetric intervention.
Studies in rats have shown that the concentration of disopyramide and its metabolites is between one and three times greater in milk than it is in plasma. Following oral administration, disopyramide has been detected in human milk at a concentration not exceeding that in plasma. Because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in nursing infants from Norpace or Norpace CR, a decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or to discontinue the drug, taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother.
Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients have not been established (see Dosage and Administration).
Clinical studies of Norpace/Norpace CR did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects. Other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients. In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy.
Because of its anticholinergic activity, disopyramide phosphate should not be used in patients with glaucoma, urinary retention, or benign prostatic hypertrophy (medical conditions commonly associated with the elderly) unless adequate overriding measures are taken (see Warnings: Anticholinergic Activity). In the event of increased anticholinergic side effects, plasma levels of disopyramide should be monitored and the dose of the drug adjusted accordingly. A reduction of the dose by one third, from the recommended 600 mg/day to 400 mg/day, would be reasonable, without changing the dosing interval.
This drug is known to be substantially excreted by the kidney, and the risk of toxic reactions to this drug may be greater in patients with impaired renal function. Because elderly patients are more likely to have decreased renal function, care should be taken in dose selection, and it may be useful to monitor renal function (see Precautions: Renal Impairment and Dosage and Administration).
The adverse reactions which were reported in Norpace clinical trials encompass observations in 1,500 patients, including 90 patients studied for at least 4 years. The most serious adverse reactions are hypotension and congestive heart failure. The most common adverse reactions, which are dose dependent, are associated with the anticholinergic properties of the drug. These may be transitory, but may be persistent or can be severe. Urinary retention is the most serious anticholinergic effect.
The following reactions were reported in 10% to 40% of patients:
Anticholinergic: dry mouth (32%), urinary hesitancy (14%), constipation (11%)
The following reactions were reported in 3% to 9% of patients:
Anticholinergic: blurred vision, dry nose/eyes/throat
Genitourinary: urinary retention, urinary frequency and urgency
Gastrointestinal: nausea, pain/bloating/gas
General: dizziness, general fatigue/muscle weakness, headache, malaise, aches/pains
Genitourinary: impotence
Cardiovascular: hypotension with or without congestive heart failure, increased congestive heart failure (see Warnings), cardiac conduction disturbances (see Warnings), edema/weight gain, shortness of breath, syncope, chest pain
Gastrointestinal: anorexia, diarrhea, vomiting
Dermatologic: generalized rash/dermatoses, itching
Central nervous system: nervousness
Other: hypokalemia, elevated cholesterol/triglycerides
The following reactions were reported in less than 1%:
Depression, insomnia, dysuria, numbness/tingling, elevated liver enzymes, AV block, elevated BUN, elevated creatinine, decreased hemoglobin/hematocrit
Hypoglycemia has been reported in association with Norpace administration (see Warnings).
Infrequent occurrences of reversible cholestatic jaundice, fever, and respiratory difficulty have been reported in association with disopyramide therapy, as have rare instances of thrombocytopenia, reversible agranulocytosis, and gynecomastia. Some cases of LE (lupus erythematosus) symptoms have been reported; most cases occurred in patients who had been switched to disopyramide from procainamide following the development of LE symptoms. Rarely, acute psychosis has been reported following Norpace therapy, with prompt return to normal mental status when therapy was stopped. The physician should be aware of these possible reactions and should discontinue Norpace or Norpace CR therapy promptly if they occur.
Deliberate or accidental overdosage of oral disopyramide may be followed by apnea, loss of consciousness, cardiac arrhythmias, and loss of spontaneous respiration. Death has occurred following overdosage.
Toxic plasma levels of disopyramide produce excessive widening of the QRS complex and Q-T interval, worsening of congestive heart failure, hypotension, varying kinds and degrees of conduction disturbance, bradycardia, and finally asystole. Obvious anticholinergic effects are also observed.
The approximate oral LD50 of disopyramide phosphate is 580 and 700 mg/kg for rats and mice, respectively.
Experience indicates that prompt and vigorous treatment of overdosage is necessary, even in the absence of symptoms. Such treatment may be life-saving. No specific antidote for disopyramide phosphate has been identified. Treatment should be symptomatic and may include induction of emesis or gastric lavage, administration of a cathartic followed by activated charcoal by mouth or stomach tube, intravenous administration of isoproterenol and dopamine, insertion of an intra-aortic balloon for counterpulsation, and mechanically assisted ventilation. Hemodialysis or, preferably, hemoperfusion with charcoal may be employed to lower serum concentration of the drug.
The electrocardiogram should be monitored, and supportive therapy with cardiac glycosides and diuretics should be given as required.
If progressive AV block should develop, endocardial pacing should be implemented. In case of any impaired renal function, measures to increase the glomerular filtration rate may reduce the toxicity (disopyramide is excreted primarily by the kidney).
The anticholinergic effects can be reversed with neostigmine at the discretion of the physician.
Altering the urinary pH in humans does not affect the plasma half-life or the amount of disopyramide excreted in the urine.
Norpace (disopyramide phosphate) is an antiarrhythmic drug available for oral administration in immediate-release and controlled-release capsules containing 100 mg or 150 mg of disopyramide base, present as the phosphate. The base content of the phosphate salt is 77.6%. The structural formula of Norpace is:
α-[2-(diisopropylamino) ethyl]-α-phenyl- 2-pyridineacetamide phosphate
Norpace is freely soluble in water, and the free base (pKa 10.4) has an aqueous solubility of 1 mg/ml. The chloroform:water partition coefficient of the base is 3.1 at pH 7.2.
Norpace is a racemic mixture of d- and l- isomers. This drug is not chemically related to other antiarrhythmic drugs.
Norpace CR (controlled-release) capsules are designed to afford a gradual and consistent release of disopyramide. Thus, for maintenance therapy, Norpace CR provides the benefit of less-frequent dosing (every 12 hours) as compared with the every-6-hour dosage schedule of immediate-release Norpace capsules.
Inactive ingredients of Norpace include corn starch, edible ink, FD&C Red No. 3, FD&C Yellow No. 6, gelatin, lactose, talc, and titanium dioxide; the 150-mg capsule also contains FD&C Blue No. 1.
Inactive ingredients of Norpace CR include corn starch, D&C Yellow No. 10, edible ink, ethylcellulose, FD&C Blue No. 1, gelatin, shellac, sucrose, talc, and titanium dioxide; the 150-mg capsule also contains FD&C Red No. 3 and FD&C Yellow No. 6.
Norpace (disopyramide phosphate) is a Type 1 antiarrhythmic drug (i.e., similar to procainamide and quinidine). In animal studies Norpace decreases the rate of diastolic depolarization (phase 4) in cells with augmented automaticity, decreases the upstroke velocity (phase 0) and increases the action potential duration of normal cardiac cells, decreases the disparity in refractoriness between infarcted and adjacent normally perfused myocardium, and has no effect on alpha- or beta-adrenergic receptors.
In man, Norpace at therapeutic plasma levels shortens the sinus node recovery time, lengthens the effective refractory period of the atrium, and has a minimal effect on the effective refractory period of the AV node. Little effect has been shown on AV-nodal and His-Purkinje conduction times or QRS duration. However, prolongation of conduction in accessory pathways occurs.
Hemodynamics
At recommended oral doses, Norpace rarely produces significant alterations of blood pressure in patients without congestive heart failure (see Warnings). With intravenous Norpace, either increases in systolic/diastolic or decreases in systolic blood pressure have been reported, depending on the infusion rate and the patient population. Intravenous Norpace may cause cardiac depression with an approximate mean 10% reduction of cardiac output, which is more pronounced in patients with cardiac dysfunction.
The in vitro anticholinergic activity of Norpace is approximately 0.06% that of atropine; however, the usual dose for Norpace is 150 mg every 6 hours and for Norpace CR 300 mg every 12 hours, compared to 0.4 to 0.6 mg for atropine (see Warnings and Adverse Reactions for anticholinergic side effects).
Following oral administration of immediate-release Norpace, disopyramide phosphate is rapidly and almost completely absorbed, and peak plasma levels are usually attained within 2 hours. The usual therapeutic plasma levels of disopyramide base are 2 to 4 mcg/ml, and at these concentrations protein binding varies from 50% to 65%. Because of concentration-dependent protein binding, it is difficult to predict the concentration of the free drug when total drug is measured.
The mean plasma half-life of disopyramide in healthy humans is 6.7 hours (range of 4 to 10 hours). In six patients with impaired renal function (creatinine clearance less than 40 ml/min), disopyramide half-life values were 8 to 18 hours.
After the oral administration of 200 mg of disopyramide to 10 cardiac patients with borderline to moderate heart failure, the time to peak serum concentration of 2.3 ± 1.5 hours (mean ± SD) was increased, and the mean peak serum concentration of 4.8 ± 1.6 mcg/ml was higher than in healthy volunteers. After intravenous administration in these same patients, the mean elimination half-life was 9.7 ± 4.2 hours (range in healthy volunteers of 4.4 to 7.8 hours). In a second study of the oral administration of disopyramide to 7 patients with heart disease, including left ventricular dysfunction, the mean plasma half-life was slightly prolonged to 7.8 ± 1.9 hours (range of 5 to 9.5 hours).
In healthy men, about 50% of a given dose of disopyramide is excreted in the urine as the unchanged drug, about 20% as the mono-N-dealkylated metabolite, and 10% as the other metabolites. The plasma concentration of the major metabolite is approximately one tenth that of disopyramide. Altering the urinary pH in man does not affect the plasma half-life of disopyramide.
In a crossover study in healthy subjects, the bio-availability of disopyramide from Norpace CR capsules was similar to that from the immediate-release capsules. With a single 300-mg oral dose, peak disopyramide plasma concentrations of 3.23 ± 0.75 mcg/ml (mean ± SD) at 2.5 ± 2.3 hours were obtained with two 150-mg immediate-release capsules and 2.22 ± 0.47 mcg/ml at 4.9 ± 1.4 hours with two 150-mg Norpace CR capsules. The elimination half-life of disopyramide was 8.31 ± 1.83 hours with the immediate-release capsules and 11.65 ± 4.72 hours with Norpace CR capsules. The amount of disopyramide and mono-N-dealkylated metabolite excreted in the urine in 48 hours was 128 and 48 mg, respectively, with the immediate-release capsules, and 112 and 33 mg, respectively, with Norpace CR capsules. The differences in the urinary excretion of either constituent were not statistically significant.
Following multiple doses, steady-state plasma levels of between 2 and 4 mcg/ml were attained following either 150 mg every-6-hour dosing with immediate-release capsules or 300 mg every-12-hour dosing with Norpace CR capsules.
Effects of other drugs on disopyramide pharmacokinetics
In vitro metabolic studies indicated that disopyramide is metabolized by cytochrome P450 3A4 and that inhibitors of this enzyme may result in elevation of plasma levels of disopyramide. Although specific drug interaction studies have not been done, cases of life-threatening interactions have been reported for disopyramide when given with clarithromycin and erythromycin.
Norpace (disopyramide phosphate) is supplied in hard gelatin capsules containing either 100 mg or 150 mg of disopyramide base, present as the phosphate.
Norpace 100-mg capsules are white and orange, with markings SEARLE, 2752, NORPACE, and 100 MG.
NDC Number
0025-2752-31 bottle of 100
Norpace 150-mg capsules are brown and orange, with markings SEARLE, 2762, NORPACE, and 150 MG.
Norpace CR (disopyramide phosphate) Controlled-Release is supplied as specially prepared controlled-release beads in hard gelatin capsules containing either 100 mg or 150 mg of disopyramide base, present as the phosphate.
Norpace CR 100-mg capsules are white and light green, with markings SEARLE, 2732, NORPACE CR, and 100 mg.
Norpace CR 150-mg capsules are brown and light green, with markings SEARLE, 2742, NORPACE CR, and 150 mg.
Store at 25°C (77°F); excursions permitted to 15–30°C (59–86°F). [See USP Controlled Room Temperature.]
Revised December 2020
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Be InspiredBlog
Picture This! Gallery 2016-03-02
Biography of Andrew Denman
In the increasingly crowded field of wildlife artists, Andrew Denman stands out for his distinctive look in addition to his masterful painting skill,” writes veteran art writer and magazine editor Jennifer King in a 2008 editorial for Create Better Paintings.com. Denman is an artist known for capturing diverse subjects, from wildlife, to landscape, to still life, in an equally diverse range of styles. His recent work focuses on intimate wildlife portraits and scenes approached with a unique combination of hyper-realism, stylization and abstraction.
Denman holds a BA in Fine Arts from Saint Mary’s College in Moraga, CA. He is well known in the San Francisco Bay Area as both an artist and teacher, and he has gained national attention through major gallery showings, numerous museum exhibitions, artist workshops and speaking engagements as well as feature coverage in such publications as Southwest Art, American Artist, Western Art Collector, Wildlife Art and The Artist’s Magazine, among others.
Born in 1978, the Bay Area native showed a great degree of interest in art from an early age. Denman organized his first one man show in high school at a local library and soon after began participating in exhibitions with Pacific Wildlife Galleries in Lafayette, CA, where he went on to hold four successful solo exhibitions. Denman is currently represented by Trailside Galleries in Jackson, WY, and maintains Denman Studios at his home.
His work has toured nationally with Birds in Art and the Society of Animal Artists, which has thrice honored Andrew’s work with Awards of Excellence. The artist is a regular participant in the highly competitive Western Visions Miniatures and More Exhibition and Sale at the National Museum of Wildlife Art in Jackson, Wyoming, an institution that named him the Lanford Monroe Memorial Artist in Residence for Winter of 2009. Denman’s work can be found in the National Museum of Wildlife Art and The Leigh Yawkey Woodson Art Museum, Wausau, Wisconsin, and numerous private collections across the country. The artist is a member of the Society of Animal Artists, NY, The International Guild of Realism, Arizona, and Artists for Conservation, Canada.
Whether painting an animal in its natural habitat or juxtaposing it against an abstract background, Denman goes to great lengths to faithfully portray his subjects, taking frequent field trips to nature areas, parks and zoos to observe his subjects and acquire reference material. Yet while accuracy is always of great importance, Denman is an artist before he is a naturalist. The sense of fearless experimentation and originality he brings to his paintings testifies to the artist’s true focus. As Mary Nelson writes in the Nov/Dec 2004 issue of Wildlife Art magazine, “In the end, it’s not the mood, the meaning or the method that Denman craves. It is the medium―art.”
Inspiring articles and tips on art, artists, framing and life, on the blog!
Framing Stories
Artist Catherine Marchand Paints Celebrity Portrait for TLC Show – Counting On
Masterpieces in Miniature Art Show – Small Art, Huge Show
Picture This Gallery Presents Donation to Wild North from Robert Bateman Evening
Every Picture Tells a Story – 70 Year Old Military Keepsakes
A Hole-in-One… Twice! – Picture Framing Golf Collage
Picture This Artist Michael Dumas Wins Award – Best Outdoor Still Life
Terry Isaac Internationally Acclaimed Wildlife Artist Passes Away
What’s in a Rock? Why, a Bear of Course! – The Art of Stone Carving
A Picture Framing Collage in Memory of Shawn Eastland – Featuring his Children’s Book “i Am I”
The Perfect Gift – One-of-a-Kind Custom Framed Treasure
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Anne Lamott’s Twelve Truths
12 truths I learned from life and writing | Anne Lamott
“If you don’t know where to start, remember that every single thing that happened to you is yours and you get to tell it.” In this TED Talk, Anne Lamott, author of Bird by Bird: Some Instructions on Writing and Life (Anchor Books, 1995), shares twelve truths she’s learned from life and her writing.
Anchor Books
Paul Beatty Hates Writing
“Language is tough. Using the right words is so important to me.” Paul Beatty, author of the Man Booker Prize–winning novel, The Sellout (Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2015), speaks about the labor of writing and his advice to students on Late Night With Seth Meyers.
The Sellout
Camille T. Dungy
Camille Dungy - The Writer's Responsibility in the Moment
“What you can do is tell your best story, at that moment.” Camille T. Dungy, whose first essay collection, Guidebook to Relative Strangers: Journeys Into Race, Motherhood, and History (Norton, 2017), is featured in Page One in the July/August issue of Poets & Writers Magazine, offers writers advice on how to overcome roadblocks.
Guidebook to Relative Strangers: Journeys Into Race, Motherhood, and History
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Al Di Meola: Casino (LP)
SPEAKERS CORNER/PURE ANALOGUE/AUDIOPHILE MASTERING
Al Di Meola: Casino (LP) quantity field
"Casino" - Al Di Meola (g); Barry Miles (keyb); Anthony Jackson (b); Steve Gadd (dr); Mingo Lewis (cga); Eddie Colon (perc)
Master of the strings, Al Di Meola, who turn his back on over-ambitious manual dexterity as in "Elegant Gypsy" to concentrate more on musical substance, demonstrates his intensive work with the material in the follow-up album "Casino". For example in "Egyptian Danza", an amalgamation of melodies which circle around one another and evoke with light electronics the contrasting worlds of the Orient, Occident and New World. A far sharper sound is conjured up in "Chasin‘ The Voodoo", which escalates to an extremely tightly-knit continuous fire, infused with the maestro‘s familiar guitar sound. Di Meola - with himself alone - combines the idea of multiple rhythms and parts: In the "Fantasia Suite For Two Guitars", four miniatures with percussive zapateado and whirling flamenco, he accompanies himself thanks to multi-tracking. All great stuff, but the best comes last: in the lengthy title number "Casino" all powers come together to create a magnificent performance with varying tempos, layered patterns, deceptive metrical changes and, of course, guitar playing of the highest order.
This Speakers Corner LP was remastered using pure analogue components only, from the master tapes through to the cutting head. More information under www.pure-analogue.com.
All royalties and mechanical rights have been paid.
Recording: May - September 1977 at Electric Lady Studios, New York, by Dave Palmer
Production: Al Di Meola
The Alan Parsons Project – I Robot (Premium Use
Chris Bowden: Time Capsule (2 LP)
Al Di Meola: Splendido Hotel (2 LP)
Love Devotion Surrender - Mahavishnu John McLaughl
Shuggie Otis: Inter-Fusion (LP)
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Reis Pride of the Paddock
Reis Race Retro prides itself on the outstanding displays of iconic cars that hold such presence in motorsport history.
These cars may not have stood at the top of the podium in Formula 1 or the World Rally Championship, but to us, they cars are still winners. We like to give recognition to those competition and rally cars that are participating in grassroots motorsport and the Pride of the Paddock does just that.
Any car that has competed in a race or rally at any level is eligible to enter, along with high spec replicas of racing and rally cars from historic motorsport, every discipline of motorsport is covered in the line up. The finalists are hand-picked for their stunning exteriors, and sentimental stories - all of which have a great history.
Up to 16 vehicles are invited into the final, with the cars displayed alongside the Reis Live Stage within the prestigious Hall of Fame in Hall 3. Visitors are invited to vote for the best racing and rally car on show to determine the winner of the Reis Pride of the Paddock competition, awarded on the Sunday.
2020 Pride of the Paddock Finalists
1937 Hillegass Sprint Car
1959 Triumph TR3 Le Mans
1964 Modsports Turner
1967 Ford Anglia 105E
1965 Jaguar E-Type
1967 Lotus Elan +2
1988 Ford RS200
1964 Alfa Romeo Guilia 1600Ti
1967 Ford Cortina GT
1959 MGA
1965 Hillman Super Imp
Piper GTR
1990 Vauxhall Nova 1.4SR
Nissan 240RS
1953 Aston Martin DB3S Special
The winner and two runners up all receive trophies and a year’s free private motor insurance from Reis Motorsport Insurance up to the value of £250 (T&C apply). The overall winner will also be offered the chance to display their car at the entrance of the show the following year– as well as the obvious bragging rights!
The owners and car crowned the overall winner will be invited to display their car at the next edition of Race Retro. They may also receive an invitation to the Classic Car & Restoration Show in March and/or Classic Motor Show in November.
While the owners can engage and campaign with other entrants and visitors, any form of intimidation, cheating, derogatory remarks or bad-mouthing is not tolerated and those involved will be disqualified and asked to leave.
Votes will be counted and verified by Clarion Events Ltd and the organiser's decision is final. The car with the most visitor votes wins with trophies for first, second and third place awarded on the final day of the show.
Sponsors and Partners
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Porsche Centre Oman
Porsche Oman
from OMR 41,700
Build Your OwnCompare
272 kW/370 PS
Power (kW)/Power (hp)
Acceleration from 0 - 100 km/h
Acceleration 0 - 100 km/h with Sport Chrono Package
Length: 4,499 mm Height: 1,289 mm
Manual PDK
Power (kW) 272 kW 272 kW
Power (hp) 370 PS 370 PS
RPM point maximum power 6,500 r/min 6,500 r/min
Acceleration from 0 - 100 km/h 4.8 s 4.6 s
Acceleration 0 - 100 km/h with Sport Chrono Package — 4.4 s
Top speed 292 km/h 290 km/h
Price from OMR 41,700 from OMR 43,060
Audio & Communication
Everything matters. The fundamental values. The sports car, that is only available once in this form...
Everything matters. The fundamental values. The sports car, that is only available once in this form. The one that has been a source of fascination for generations.
The one we gave our heart and soul to.
We look ahead. Not to the side and never back. We never rest on the laurels of our past, irrespective of how glorious it may have been.
We keep in our hearts all the victories. The dreams. Our fans. The thousands of ideas.
Instead, we look to the future. We throw everything on the scales. Fighting in order to defend our lead. With one single goal: to build a 911 that can do more, deliver more and consume less than ever before. A sports car as beautiful now as it was on day one.
This is our tradition. And our future.
The 911.
Engineered design
Engine, chassis, body. In every component of the 911, we have invested years of experience, thousand...
Engine, chassis, body. In every component of the 911, we have invested years of experience, thousands of ideas and countless hours of development. Even the smallest innovation would fill a book. Yet, it is only when all individual parts work as one that we see a particular principle emerge: a harmonious overall concept or – as our engineers sometimes call it – the unique technical layout of the 911.
This principle has made the 911 fit for the future since 1963. 2+2 seats are the ideal concept for a compact and purebred sports car that nevertheless offers an astonishing amount of space and an airy feel.
Then there is the compact engine in the rear end: the optimum drive concept for the 911. It is this position that helps to ensure excellent traction and lends the 911 its unique driving feel.
The logical place for belongings in a rear-engined sports car is the luggage compartment at the front. This is key to good travel comfort, remarkable everyday practicality – and the strong individuality of an unadulterated sports car.
The perfect basis for superlative sporty performance, which you can bring to the road day in, day out.
Those who want to win the fight against time and for efficient power delivery cannot afford to carry...
Those who want to win the fight against time and for efficient power delivery cannot afford to carry unnecessary bulk. Lightweight construction is therefore another core principle of the 911.
However, lightweight construction is not intelligent unless the right material is used in the right place on the vehicle. That, too, is Porsche conceptual harmony. For without body rigidity, there is no agility.
Likewise, driving dynamics and ride comfort are inextricably linked. For the bodyshell, therefore, our engineers used very thin, but nevertheless extremely stiff, sheets of steel. Aluminium and magnesium were used extensively in areas such as the roof, the underbody, the front and rear ends, the doors and wings, and the engine compartment and luggage compartment lids.
Such material efficiency reduces the overall weight and, as a result, the fuel consumption of the vehicle. It’s what makes the 911 the lightest sports car in its segment. And we’re no less proud of that leading position than we are of any epoch-making racing victory.
The 911 Cabriolet models have also always been characterised by open virtues. Made for civilised cru...
The 911 Cabriolet models have also always been characterised by open virtues. Made for civilised cruising on the coastal road, but also for some sporty corner chasing in the mountains. Here, just like there, they excel with powerful forward thrust, great agility, and anticipation aplenty on every inch of tarmac.
What does that have to do with design? A great deal, because not only does the innovative fabric hood capture the elegance of a 911 Coupé silhouette, the low drag coefficient and use of lightweight materials also mean that the 911 Cabriolet models come uncannily close to matching the performance of a closed-top 911. Form and function once again working as one. In a particularly aesthetic way.
The interior of a Porsche is infused with over 60 years of experience in sports car construction. Yo...
The interior of a Porsche is infused with over 60 years of experience in sports car construction. You can feel it: in the materials, which are easy to grip and are exquisitely made. You can see it: in the sporty design. And it communicates itself with every second of driving, thanks to excellent ergonomics and comfort.
Not an everyday sports car then, but a sports car for everyday use. It’s clear the moment you get in, and find an astonishing amount of leg and head room.
The new sports steering wheel speaks the language of motorsport. The design is based on the steering wheel of the 918 Spyder and combines style with purism and a high level of functionality.
Integrated as standard in the 911 Carrera and 911 Targa models for the first time: Porsche Communication Management (PCM) including online navigation module with real-time traffic information, voice control system and mobile phone preparation as well as the Connect Plus module.
Tradition meets innovation. The result? Futurism, but of the Porsche kind.
One 911, two engine variants
The 911 was designed from the start as a thoroughbred sports car, initially with 96 kW (130 hp). As ...
The 911 was designed from the start as a thoroughbred sports car, initially with 96 kW (130 hp). As early as 1966, the first S-models appeared on the roads with a high compression engine. The 911 S 2.0 Coupé pushed the performance of the 6-cylinder horizontally opposed engine to 118 kW (160 hp) and stood as godfather to a great number of race versions of the 911 in motorsport.
This is the tradition that the 911 follows to date. With 6 cylinders, 3.0-litre cylinder capacity and 272 kW (370 hp) and 309 kW (420 hp) in the S-model.
Both engines do justice to the expectations of our times. Due to the turbo charge, they perform better, with less cylinder capacity and consumption.
The 911 Carrera models and the 911 Targa 4. Great sporty characteristics is the first discipline of the 911 Carrera models and of the 911 Targa 4. As the turbocharging not only makes their engines efficient, but also very powerful. In numbers: 272 kW (370 hp). The torque of 450 Nm kicks in already at the impressively low 1700 rpm. A performance pledge that will impress the driver – with an exceptional rev range.
A standard in all models: the electronic adjustment of the shock absorber system, Porsche Active Suspension Management (PASM). Further proof that in the 911, the focus is on more than just performance: greater comfort is just as important.
The basic models stand on 19-inch alloy wheels. They are just as striking as the tailpipes and as characteristic as the sound that comes from them.
At Porsche, there are no conventions, no barriers to thinking. They are banned. What matters alone, ...
At Porsche, there are no conventions, no barriers to thinking. They are banned. What matters alone, is this question: how can we further improve? Or in other words: can we redefine the limits of technology? Can we absolve apparent controversies? We can: with intelligent performance.
The 911 is the answer to the question about the future of the sports car with performance. With efficiency. And with emotions. A principle that has changed everything once already: in 1974, with the first 911 Turbo.
The 6-cylinder, twin-turbo engines of the 911 Carrera and Targa 4 models with 3.0-litre cylinder capacity pick up this principle and perfect it in a forward-looking manner. More precisely: with the huge power of acceleration already at low speeds, with the addition of the high-speed engines of a 911 Carrera, typical for sports cars. I.e. high pressure, high speed, with a great controllability of performance and stunningly low consumption, thanks to the reduction in cubic capacity.
In numbers: 272 kW (370 hp), speeds up to 7,500 rpm and a top torque of 450 Nm, that already occurs at 1,700 rpm.
With the Porsche Doppelkuppung (PDK), the 911 Carrera can accelerate 0 to 100 km/h in just 4.4 seconds, with a top speed of 293 km/h.
The engine of the S-models with larger turbochargers and separate exhaust system results in an even more impressive drive; its engine capacity is 309 kW (420 hp) and its top torque a healthy 500 Nm. It kicks in already at 1,700 rpm. With the Porsche Doppelkupplung (PDK) and Launch Control, the 911 Carrera S sprints to 100 km/h in just 3.9 seconds. The speed goes up to 306 km/h.
Something numbers cannot express: the legendary sound of the 911 6-cylinder horizontally opposed engine. This, you can now feel even more.
Rear-wheel and all-wheel drive
For 911 fans it’s a question of faith, for tech lovers it’s an issue of performance: rear or all-whe...
For 911 fans it’s a question of faith, for tech lovers it’s an issue of performance: rear or all-wheel drive?
The answer may turn out differently on either side, but neither would be wrong. Those who recognise the rear-driven variant as being the one true 911 should consider that the all-wheel drive setup goes back to the legendary Paris–Dakar Rally of 1984, when the Porsche 953 based on the 911 wrote its own chapter in sport – and engineering – history. Fun in the corners, by the way, is guaranteed by both drive layouts.
Two irreconcilable philosophies? Let’s discuss a third: the design. The all-wheel drive 911 models have a 44 mm wider body, letting it rest more firmly on the road. The impression that is emphasised mainly when it is dark, by the continuous light strip.
Another hallmark of the all-wheel drive models: sheer supremacy. In every corner and at any time of year. Porsche Traction Management (PTM), the active all-wheel drive system, varies the drive force transmitted to all four wheels as the situation demands. This helps to ensure solid roadholding and even better performance. Simultaneously, of course. In winter. Day in, day out. At the limits of dynamic driving performance.
Fair-weather cars? The 911 Targa 4 models are anything but. Here, the all-wheel drive marries excellent traction with excellent aesthetics.
Rear or all-wheel drive? Whatever stance you take, the most fascinating philosophy of life is and shall remain the practical one. At Porsche, this philosophy has been about the road for well over 60 years.
To reduce consumption, the cylinder capacity was significantly lowered compared to the previous gene...
To reduce consumption, the cylinder capacity was significantly lowered compared to the previous generations. Because, as sports car manufacturers, we carry considerable responsibility. Even so, the engine’s performance increases significantly, provided by the turbocharger of the 911.
The 911 offers a twin-turbo drive and it has two chargers with charge-air cooling, one for each cylinder bench. Two especially compact turbochargers come into action, optimally adjusted to the cylinder capacity and the performance of the engine. With this construction, the inertia moment of the drive is minimised and provides improved throttle response. What the turbochargers leave behind: prejudices. What they achieve instead: very high torque values.
It has a technical ring to it, that unmistakeable throaty sound. The sound of a 911. And a performance that is experienced by the driver immediately. As direct acceleration. As unrestrained forward thrust. Almost a “hit” on the back, when the engine unleashes its raw power.
Pure, direct, precise. Short shift movements and an optimum transition from one gear to the next. Th...
Pure, direct, precise. Short shift movements and an optimum transition from one gear to the next. The 7-speed manual transmission combines a high level of sporty performance with fast gear changes. In conjunction with the optional Sport Chrono Package, selecting SPORT or SPORT PLUS mode activates the dynamic throttle-blip function, which ensures the optimum engine speed for every downshift, a more emotional driving experience and an impressive sound.
A gear indicator in the rev counter reminds you which gear has been selected. The upshift indicator in the instrument cluster helps you actively to conserve fuel.
Porsche Doppelkupplung (PDK)
The optimised 7-speed PDK with manual and automatic mode is available as an optional extra. For extr...
The optimised 7-speed PDK with manual and automatic mode is available as an optional extra. For extremely fast gear changes, without disrupting the traction. All this with even better acceleration values and further reduced consumption.
In manual mode, the shift direction is set up like it is in race cars – shifting up backwards, shifting down forward. It will feel like driving on the circuit.
The gears 1 to 6 have a sporty feel and the highest speed is reached in gear 6. The 7th gear has been developed with the focus on consumption.
The PDK consists of two half gearboxes installed in the same casing. The Doppelkupplung connects these half gearboxes with the engine via two alternating, separate input shafts. The flow of power from the engine therefore goes via a half gearbox and a clutch, while the next gear is already set in the second half gearbox. When changing gear, one of the clutches is opened and the other simultaneously closed - for gear changes in milliseconds.
Sports exhaust system
The sport exhaust system available as an optional extra for the 911, comes with two catalytic conver...
The sport exhaust system available as an optional extra for the 911, comes with two catalytic converters and rear silencers, flowing into two tailpipes, that are arranged centrally. Manufactured in stainless steel, available in high-gloss black or silver colour. An appearance usually seen on the circuit. Delivering an impressive resonance and an intensive sports car sound, typical for the 911. For 100 % Porsche. For goosebumps at the press of a button.
Efficiency-enhancing technologies
Auto start/stop switches off the engine when the driving speed falls below 7 km/h under moderate dec...
Auto start/stop switches off the engine when the driving speed falls below 7 km/h under moderate deceleration, such as when you are approaching a red light. As soon as you release the clutch or, with PDK, depress the accelerator pedal, the engine restarts – swiftly and smoothly.
In conjunction with Porsche Doppelkupplung (PDK), a coasting function becomes available where the situation allows. The engine is decoupled from the transmission to avoid deceleration caused by engine braking. In this way, optimum use is made of the vehicle’s momentum, enabling it to coast for longer distances.
Active air intake flaps
The active air intake flaps in the front air intakes act to reduce fuel consumption during everyday ...
The active air intake flaps in the front air intakes act to reduce fuel consumption during everyday trips and to achieve superlative performance on sporty drives. Already proven on the 918 Spyder, the flaps close automatically while the car is in motion and thereby reduce drag.
On demand or in SPORT or SPORT PLUS mode, the flaps open and help to provide optimum engine cooling.
This means that cooling air is supplied only to the extent that it is actually needed. That’s efficiency. Of the intelligent kind.
Porsche Active Suspension Management (PASM)
PASM is fitted as standard in all 911 models for the first time. This electronic damping control sys...
PASM is fitted as standard in all 911 models for the first time. This electronic damping control system continuously adjusts the damping force on each wheel, based on current road conditions and driving style.
PASM has two modes, which can be selected using a separate button on the centre console: ‘Normal’, which is a blend of performance and comfort, and ‘Sport’ where the setup is much firmer.
The results are tangible: increased driving stability, improved comfort and enhanced performance.
Porsche Stability Management (PSM)
All 911 models come fitted with Porsche Stability Management (PSM) as standard. PSM maintains stabil...
All 911 models come fitted with Porsche Stability Management (PSM) as standard. PSM maintains stability even at the limits of dynamic driving performance. Sensors continuously monitor the direction, speed, yaw velocity and lateral acceleration of the car. Using this information, PSM is able to calculate the actual direction of travel at any given moment and initiates strategic braking of individual wheels to prevent you from deviating from your intended line.
Under acceleration on inconsistent surfaces, PSM improves traction using the automatic brake differential (ABD) and anti-slip regulation (ASR) functions. The result is a high level of driving stability and safety – and extraordinary agility at the same time.
Adrenalin at the press of a button. Goosebumps included: the optional Sport Chrono Package including...
Adrenalin at the press of a button. Goosebumps included: the optional Sport Chrono Package including the Porsche Track Precision App (PTPA) and the mode switch on the steering wheel. Its functions provide an even sportier definition of chassis, engine and gears.
Without having to move your hand completely from the steering wheel, you can choose between four settings: Normal, SPORT, SPORT PLUS and the Individual, which enables you to adjust your car even more to your individual driving style.
With the SPORT PLUS mode activated, the Porsche Active Suspension Management (PASM) and the optional Porsche Dynamic Chassis Control (PDCC) for the S-models as well as the optional rear-axle steering, provide a sportier absorption and direct shifting in corners.
In connection with the PDK, the Sport Chrono Package comes with three additional functions. The first function: Launch Control. This allows for the best possible starting acceleration, a race start. The second function: race track gear change strategy. Here, the PDK uses extremely short shift times and optimum shift points to achieve the maximum acceleration.
For uncompromising racetrack performance with active gear changes.
The third function – SPORT Response – activated by the button in the middle of the mode switch. Engine and gears are then prepared to deliver the fastest possible performance. In other words: maximum throttle response – for about 20 seconds. A graphic timer in the instrument cluster shows the function that is still available.
The stop watch on the dashboard is part of the Sport Chrono Package. To display, save and evaluate circuit times and times of alternative routes, PCM is supplied with a performance indicator. And a further part of the Sport Chrono Package: the dynamic engine mounts. The electronically controlled system reduces the perceptible oscillations and vibrations of the entire drivetrain, especially of the engine. It also combines the advantages of hard and soft engine mounting. In summary: it enhances the drive stability as well as the drive comfort. In addition, the Sport Chrono Package includes as of now: the Porsche Track Precision App to measure lap times and drive data. These can be recorded, managed, shared and compared with other drivers via a smartphone. Graphic analysis as well as video analysis show that each millisecond provides a potential for improvement, circuit by circuit.
PSM Sport
Together with the optional Sport Chrono Package, PSM is extended by a sport mode. It allows for a significantly sportier driving style, while PSM remains active in the background. For an even more enhanced driving experience.
PASM sports suspension
The PASM sports suspension is an optional extra for the S-models of the Coupé: the PASM sports suspension.
The body is lowered by a further 10 mm compared to PASM. The springs are harder and shorter and the cross stabilisers at the front and rear axle are torsion-resistant. The front spoiler lip has an even sportier design, the rear spoiler extends even further. This provides even less impetus at the front axle as well as downforce at the rear axle. The result is enhanced performance once again – simultaneously providing stunningly high comfort.
SPORT button
The SPORT button enables you to select a suspension setup where the emphasis is on either comfort or...
The SPORT button enables you to select a suspension setup where the emphasis is on either comfort or sporty performance. At the push of a button, the electronic engine management system switches the engine mapping to offer an even sharper response and engine dynamics that are more direct.
In vehicles with Porsche Doppelkupplung (PDK), upshifts take place at higher engine speeds and downshifts happen sooner. In addition, the optional sports exhaust system is activated automatically while certain functions, such as auto start/stop, are deactivated.
Front-axle lift system
Particularly practical: the lift system, available as an option for all 911 models, raises the front...
Particularly practical: the lift system, available as an option for all 911 models, raises the front end by approximately 40 mm – and keeps it there up to a speed of roughly 35 km/h. With this system, kerbs, ramps and car park entrances are a sporting challenge of the past.
Statistically, a car drives in a straight line 90 % of the time. In light of this, our engineers ide...
Statistically, a car drives in a straight line 90 % of the time. In light of this, our engineers identified potential for energy savings. Unlike the hydraulic pumps of conventional power steering systems, the electric motor of the electromechanical arrangement uses energy only when the steering wheel is actually turned.
That isn’t to say that you aren’t ideally prepared for the other 10 %. After all, this steering system is typically Porsche. It features a variable steering ratio and responds sensitively and directly while providing customary agility, a high level of comfort and precisely selected feedback from the road. Our definition of efficient.
The comfort-oriented Power steering Plus is available as an option. At low speeds, it adjusts for much easier manoeuvring and parking.
The 911 Carrera models and the 911 Targa 4 are equipped with 19-inch wheels. These are lightweight a...
The 911 Carrera models and the 911 Targa 4 are equipped with 19-inch wheels. These are lightweight alloys featuring a classic sporty design.
All S models are equipped with 20-inch alloy wheels. The visual effect is sporty and dynamic. The tyres are wider to cope with the increased power output of these models.
The large wheel size improves traction and track performance. Rolling resistance and tyre weight are comparatively low, which helps to reduce fuel consumption.
A selection of 20-inch wheels is available in our range of options.
We would like to speed up everything. Even development. This applies also to negative acceleration. ...
We would like to speed up everything. Even development. This applies also to negative acceleration. As even in a topic like braking, there is potential.
This is why we adjusted in the 911 the dimensioning of the brake system to the engine performance. The basic 911 models are installed with four-piston monobloc aluminium fixed calipers with black anodised finished. The disc brake diameter front and back is 330 mm.
The S-models are supplied with red six-piston monobloc aluminium fixed calipers at the front and four-piston monobloc aluminium fixed calipers at the rear. The brake covers at the front axle are manufactured in aluminium. The brake disc diameter is 350 mm at the front and 330 mm at the back. For improved brake performance and stability.
The calipers are locked in all models. The advantages:
higher inherent stability, better pressure point behaviour even with extreme loads, and low weight. The pedal travel is short, the pressure points accurate. The brake discs are cross-drilled to provide better brake reaction even in wet conditions, as well as optimal cooling.
Porsche Ceramic Composite Brake (PCCB)
Proven in motorsport, the Porsche Ceramic Composite Brake (PCCB) is available as an option. On the n...
Proven in motorsport, the Porsche Ceramic Composite Brake (PCCB) is available as an option. On the new 911, the cross-drilled ceramic brake discs of PCCB now have a diameter of 410 mm at the front and 390 mm at the rear – for even more formidable braking performance.
Originating from the 911 Turbo S, PCCB features six-piston aluminium monobloc fixed brake calipers on the front axle and four-piston units at the rear – all painted in yellow – to provide braking forces that are considerably more powerful and, crucially, are exceptionally consistent.
PCCB enables shorter braking distances in even the toughest road and race conditions. Safety under high-speed braking is also improved thanks to its excellent fade resistance.
Another advantage of PCCB is the extremely low weight of the ceramic brake discs, which are approximately 50 % lighter than standard discs of a similar design and size. This results in better roadholding and increased comfort, particularly on uneven roads, as well as greater agility and a further improvement in handling.
Airbags and Porsche Side Impact Protection System (POSIP)
The 911 models offer advanced airbag technology in the form of full-size driver and front passenger ...
The 911 models offer advanced airbag technology in the form of full-size driver and front passenger airbags, which are inflated in two stages depending on the severity and type of accident.
All 911 models are also equipped as standard with the Porsche Side Impact Protection System (POSIP). It comprises side impact protection elements in the doors and two airbags on each side. An integral thorax airbag is located in each seat side bolster, while the door panels each contain an upwards-inflating head airbag. Each thorax airbag has a volume of 10 litres and each head airbag 15 litres, ensuring excellent protection in the event of a side impact.
Roll-over protection
In the 911 Carrera Cabriolet models, an automatically deploying roll-over protection system offers a...
In the 911 Carrera Cabriolet models, an automatically deploying roll-over protection system offers added protection if the car were to overturn. Two spring-loaded roll-over bars are neatly incorporated behind the rear seats. The roll-over sensor continuously monitors the car’s pitch and roll, contact with the road, as well as lateral and longitudinal forces. The instant a potential roll-over is detected, it initiates deployment of the roll-over bars within fractions of a second. For the 911 Targa 4 and 911 Targa 4S, added roll-over safety is provided by a steel protection system concealed behind the aluminium trim of the Targa roll bar.
Innovative technical features and simultaneous personality traits: the standard Bi-Xenon main headli...
Innovative technical features and simultaneous personality traits: the standard Bi-Xenon main headlights with integrated four-point LED daytime running lights. The characteristic light design lends the elevener its unmistakeable face.
LED technology is used in all functions of the taillights too. For triggering a quick response as well as for high illuminating power. The LED brake lights are designed the same way as the daytime running lights, with four-point look.
Porsche Dynamic Light System (PDLS)
The Porsche Dynamic Light System (PDLS) is available as an option. Its dynamic cornering light funct...
The Porsche Dynamic Light System (PDLS) is available as an option. Its dynamic cornering light function swivels the main headlights towards the inside of a bend, based on steering angle and road speed, so as to light up more of the road at bends and turns. Put simply, the road ahead is illuminated the moment you start to corner. PDLS also features speed-sensitive headlight range control and the adverse weather function.
LED main headlights including Porsche Dynamic Light System Plus (PDLS Plus)
High safety levels with a sporty design: LED main headlights including PDLS Plus are available as an...
High safety levels with a sporty design: LED main headlights including PDLS Plus are available as an optional extra. Efficient and with a long operating life, the LED technology with its daylight-like colour contributes to a fatigue-free driving experience. A bonus.
A speciality of PDLS Plus: the dynamic main beam control. The camera recognises the light of the cars in front and of the oncoming vehicles. The dynamic main beam control then appropriately adjusts smoothly and continuously, ensuring that you recognise in time what is happening on the road, spot pedestrians and any sources of danger, without disabling the other road users.
The driver must always know what´s coming up next. They must not lose their overview. This is why ev...
The driver must always know what´s coming up next. They must not lose their overview. This is why everything in the interior is directed front-wards: to the person in front, to the next curve, and the next manoeuvre.
This only works if engineering and design, sportiness and comfort create synergies. A proof: the Sports steering wheel in minimalist design and high level of ergonomics. A second feature: the ascending centre console. The principle for both: the direction of travel. It also applies to the chassis or the separately controllable two-zone air conditioning system. You don’t have to search through endless menus and submenus, instead you can concentrate on the essential: the joy of driving.
The five round instruments contribute to the sporty feel. They provide primarily one thing: information. Quickly and accurately. With an appearance that you have come to expect from Porsche. And with a rev counter, that is, of course, in the centre.
Technology that takes you further, even as a standard feature: Porsche Communication Management (PCM) including online-navigation und 7-inch touchscreen display. Additionally, PCM connects you with the digital world via the Connect Plus module.
The combined instrument with 4.6-inch colour screen provides you continuously with information from the on-board computer, such as the daily mileage, travel time or average consumption. In addition, it also displays the map of the navigation system with real-time traffic information, it also gives warning information and informs you about communication and audio settings.
From pioneering technology to sporty comfort. High-grade, puristic materials, such as leather and Alcantara®, are used.
Apart from the interior colours of Agate Grey and Black, you have further options to customise its features with two-tone and special colours, or which materials such as carbon, aluminium and high-quality wood.
Also available for the 911 models: leather interior Sport-Tex, in black or in the two-tone combination. Sport-Tex provides excellent breathability, great support and expressive appearance. The pronounced stitching of the Sports seats Plus provides a sporty edge with decorative stitching in colour.
Sports steering wheel
Light, functional, in spoke design: the standard Sports steering wheel. Derived from the steering wh...
Light, functional, in spoke design: the standard Sports steering wheel. Derived from the steering wheel of the 918 Spyder, the small steering wheel centre pad and the decorative ring around the Porsche Crest further enhance the sporty character.
The Sports steering wheel has two alloy gearshift paddles connected to PDK. The shift paths on the paddles are shortened, the gear changes even crisper. Optional: the GT sports steering wheel with black spokes and a smaller diameter. Decorative ring and paddles are kept in silver colour, the spoke trims are screwed together. Surely, a motorsport-derived design at its best!
Yes, but more importantly, the driving experience will make you feel like you are on a circuit.
Optionally available for all steering wheels: multifunction and heated. Several audio, telephone and navigation systems as well as the colour display and the on-board computer can be operated from here.
Light design package
The optional light design package is both practical and aesthetically appealing. It comprises dimmab...
The optional light design package is both practical and aesthetically appealing. It comprises dimmable LEDs in the overhead console and in the areas of the door handles, door storage compartments, front footwells and rear seats.
With the optional Porsche Entry & Drive, you can leave your car key in your pocket. As soon as you g...
With the optional Porsche Entry & Drive, you can leave your car key in your pocket. As soon as you grab the door handle, or your hand nears the Porsche Crest on the luggage compartment lid, the system automatically checks the encrypted access code on the key. Once the key is validated, the door or the luggage compartment lid unlocks. The engine can then be started and switched off using the electronic ignition switch.
Sports seats The Sports seats are comfortable and provide support even during performance driving. T...
The Sports seats are comfortable and provide support even during performance driving. They are equipped as standard with electric seat height and backrest adjustment and mechanical fore/aft adjustment.
Optional fully electric Sports seats offer a wider range of powered adjustments, such as lumbar support and seat squab angle and depth. A comprehensive memory function and electric steering column adjustment are also included.
Sports seats Plus
Available as an option are Sports seats Plus in leather with electric seat height and backrest adjustment as well as mechanical fore/aft adjustment. The side bolsters on the squab and backrest have a firmer, sportier padding and offer even better lateral support.
Adaptive Sports seats Plus in leather are available on request. Featuring 18-way electric adjustment of seat positions, including side bolsters, they also come with a comprehensive memory function and electric steering column adjustment.
Sports bucket seats*
Sports bucket seats featuring a folding backrest, integral thorax airbag and manual fore/aft adjustment are available as optional equipment. The seat shells are made from glass- and carbon-fibre reinforced plastic with a carbon surface finish.
Seat heating and ventilation
Seat heating is available as an option for all seats. Seats are heated in the squab, the backrest and, for the front seats, the side bolsters. Seat ventilation is also available on request (excluding Sports bucket seats) – for a pleasant and dry seating environment, even in hot weather.
The rear seats are remarkably comfortable for a sports car and the shelf behind offers additional storage space. With the backrests folded down, the luggage compartment volume in the rear of the 911 Carrera models increases to 260 litres and, with a capacity of 160 litres, the 911 Carrera Cabriolet and 911 Targa models offer plenty of space for luggage, too.
Child seat preparation*
ISOFIX child seat preparation including top tether (Coupé models only) is available on the rear seats as standard. On request, we can equip the front passenger seat with ISOFIX child seat preparation and integrate an airbag deactivation feature.
* Child seats are not compatible with the Sports bucket seats.
Luggage compartment
The luggage compartment volume in the 911 models is 145 litres – 125 litres in the 911 all-wheel dri...
The luggage compartment volume in the 911 models is 145 litres – 125 litres in the 911 all-wheel drive models. The luggage compartment is fully trimmed in scratch-resistant materials.
Standard in all models: the two-zone automatic climate control with wide ventilation field and separ...
Standard in all models: the two-zone automatic climate control with wide ventilation field and separate temperature control for driver and front passenger.
The active carbon fine dust filter prevents particles, pollen and external air smells from entering the interior. The automatic air-recirculation function constantly measures the air quality, reduces humidity and switches from external to internal ventilation system if necessary. Two further functions: if the ambient temperature is cold, the system ensures that the windows are demisted. Using a solar sensor, the air conditioning system recognises and compensates automatically for strong sun effects for both the driver and front passenger.
Adaptive cruise control including Porsche Active Safe (PAS)
It is available as an optional extra in connection with Porsche Doppelkupplung (PDK). The system reg...
It is available as an optional extra in connection with Porsche Doppelkupplung (PDK). The system regulates the speed of your 911 automatically, depending on the distance to the car in front, by the radar sensor monitoring the area in front of your car. If you have set a certain speed and you are getting closer to a car in front of you that is travelling slower, then your system will reduce your speed by taking away some acceleration and careful braking, until the preset distance has been achieved. Your 911 now keeps that distance from the car travelling in front of you. If it applies the brakes, then the adaptive cruise control also reduces the speed, until the vehicle reaches a standstill.
The system also prepares for braking, if the distance to the car in front is decreasing. It will warn you with sound and visual signals if it recognises the situation as a potential accident risk. In addition, the brake is briefly engaged. If the driver carries out emergency braking, then the started brake action is reinforced within certain system limits by the brake power support.
Lane Change Assist
The optional Lane Change Assist uses radar sensors to monitor the area behind the car and the blind ...
The optional Lane Change Assist uses radar sensors to monitor the area behind the car and the blind spot. From a speed of 15 km/h, the system provides information about cars approaching from behind, or in the blind spot, via an optical signal in the window triangle. On the motorway especially, the Lane Change Assist provides extra comfort and safety, but it does not interfere with the driving and it can be deactivated any time.
ParkAssist
Featuring four inconspicuous sensors in the rear end, the system audibly alerts the driver to the pr...
Featuring four inconspicuous sensors in the rear end, the system audibly alerts the driver to the presence of obstacles detected behind the vehicle. An intermittent warning tone increases in rapidity as the obstacle is approached.
ParkAssist can be optionally upgraded to include monitoring of the front end with four additional sensors. The audible alert is supplemented by a visual warning in the central display screen, which shows a graphical representation of the vehicle from overhead.
The optional reversing camera facilitates precise reverse parking and manoeuvring. Help is provided in the form of the camera image and the dynamic, superimposed guidelines on the PCM screen, which illustrate the predicted course of the vehicle given the current position of the steering wheel.
Speed limit indicator
The camera-based speed limit indicator informs you of speed restrictions and ‘no overtaking’ zones (...
The camera-based speed limit indicator informs you of speed restrictions and ‘no overtaking’ zones (start and end). Notifications appear on the display in the instrument cluster and on the screen of PCM.
The fabric hood of the 911 Cabriolet models has a fixed glass rear screen and three integral element...
The fabric hood of the 911 Cabriolet models has a fixed glass rear screen and three integral elements manufactured from magnesium. Together, these make the hood highly robust and, yet, particularly lightweight. It’s also smooth and firm, the fabric is kept taut, and the design line is elegant. The hood opens or closes in around 13 seconds – up to a speed of 50 km/h.
The interior hood lining is made from a heat-insulating and sound-absorbing material, resulting in perceptibly consistent interior temperatures and an effective suppression of wind noise. Thankfully, however, even the hood’s soundproofing properties are no match for the resonant Porsche sound.
The 911 Cabriolet models are also equipped as standard with an electrically powered wind deflector, which offers practically draught-free driving and minimal wind noise with the top down.
Sound Package Plus
Sound Package Plus, with eight loudspeakers and a total output of 150 watts, delivers excellent soun...
Sound Package Plus, with eight loudspeakers and a total output of 150 watts, delivers excellent sound. The amplifier integrated into PCM optimally adapts the acoustic pattern in the vehicle interior to the driver and front passenger.
BOSE® Surround Sound System
The optional BOSE® Surround Sound System has been specially developed for the 911 models and is opti...
The optional BOSE® Surround Sound System has been specially developed for the 911 models and is optimally tuned to the specific interior acoustics of these particular vehicles. The audio system features 12 fully active loudspeakers and amplifier channels including a patented 100-watt active subwoofer integral to the vehicle bodyshell. This fully active system setup enables each individual loudspeaker to be optimally adapted to the vehicle interior and transforms the 911 into a fast-moving concert hall. Total output 555 watts.
Burmester® High-End Surround Sound System
The road is perhaps the last place in the world in which you can still listen to music without distu...
The road is perhaps the last place in the world in which you can still listen to music without disturbance. Reason enough, then, to upgrade your enjoyment the Porsche way – together with the most important manufacturer of premium quality sound systems in Germany.
The result is a sound performance of the highest level, specially matched to your 911. The system has 12 amplifier channels with a total output of 821 watts, 12 loudspeakers including an active subwoofer with 300-watt class D amplifier, a total diaphragm surface area of more than 1,340 cm², and a frequency response of 35 Hz to 20 kHz.
The Burmester® system uses the patented integral subwoofer, which replaces the familiar separate subwoofer and loudspeaker arrangement of other systems. Analogue and digital filters have been optimally defined for their specific installation location. Ribbon tweeters (air motion transformers, AMT) have been used for unmistakably fine, clear and undistorted high-frequency sound reproduction with excellent level stability.
All loudspeaker housings are perfectly matched and deliver a natural and richly textured spatial sound, even at top volume.
The new Porsche Communication Management (PCM)
The enhanced Porsche Communication Management (PCM) is your central control unit for all infotainmen...
The enhanced Porsche Communication Management (PCM) is your central control unit for all infotainment applications and is standard equipment in all models. The PCM features a high-resolution touch display with integrated proximity sensor which allows simple and convenient operation.
Infotainment already starts when you charge and connect your iPhone® or any other audio source. You can connect your device easily using either the USB port or AUX input. An internal hard drive (Jukebox) and two SD card readers are provided in addition to the CD/DVD drive for playback of your personal music. After inserting the SD cards, you can simply play your music with the music player in the PCM.
The mobile phone preparation makes it easy for you to establish a Bluetooth® connection to a mobile phone that supports the hands-free profile (HFP). The mobile phone can remain in your pocket or bag.
Further information on the availability of the functions and services described here and under "Porsche Connect" in your country and for your Porsche model is available in the Porsche Car Configurator and from your Porsche Centre.
Due to country-specific legislation and requirements, not all models and equipment features are available in certain countries. For more information about the exact equipment specifications, please consult your Porsche Centre.
Connect Plus
The Connect Plus module ensures maximum connectivity in your Porsche.
It features an LTE telephone module – with SIM card reader – for convenience, excellent reception and optimised voice quality. A wireless Internet access point gives you in-car online access from WLAN-enabled client devices (e.g. laptops, tablets or smartphones), simultaneously if necessary.
A smartphone compartment in the centre console transfers the signal of your mobile phone to the external aerial of the car – conserving phone charge and providing optimum reception. In addition, you can connect your smartphone for recharging or to play its media content.
What’s more, the Connect Plus module enables use of the wide range of Porsche Connect services. Get more day out of your everyday and delegate the multitasking to your sports car – so you can spend more time driving your Porsche.
At www.porsche.com/connect, you can find further information about the apps and services available.
With Porsche Connect and the Connect Plus module, you have access to a range of helpful services, su...
With Porsche Connect and the Connect Plus module, you have access to a range of helpful services, such as real-time traffic information. Thanks to this visual aid, you can be sure that you’re on the fastest route to your destination even before you set off. Throughout the journey, the real-time traffic information is regularly updated – keeping you on the recalculated optimum route.
Connect Apps
In addition to its range of smart services, Porsche Connect offers two smartphone apps. The first, P...
In addition to its range of smart services, Porsche Connect offers two smartphone apps. The first, Porsche Car Connect, lets you use your smartphone or Apple Watch® to retrieve vehicle data and remotely control selected vehicle functions. Another feature is the Porsche Vehicle Tracking System (PVTS) including theft detection, enabling the remote location of a stolen vehicle across most of Europe.
The second app is the Porsche Connect app. This allows you to send chosen destinations to your Porsche before you start your journey. As soon as your smartphone has connected to PCM, you will be able to display them in the vehicle and transfer them directly to the navigation system. Even your smartphone calendar can be viewed directly on PCM and stored addresses used for route guidance. What’s more, the Porsche Connect app gives you access to millions of music tracks thanks to its built-in music streaming function.
A Porsche as individual as your own fingerprint. This is the promise delivered by Porsche Exclusive.
Our challenge: To create the vehicle you desire, according to your wishes. Both visually and technically. Inside and out. From a selective change to extensive modifications. Tell us your wishes and we will do everything to fulfil them. Provided they can be implemented technically in the required quality. We make your vehicle even more sporty, comfortable and individual. What's in store? Originality, inspiration and enthusiasm - from the consultation stage onwards. With a view to uniqueness: Your wishes. The same applies to the selection of materials. Whether in high-quality leather, Alcantara®, wood, aluminum or carbon – we pay full attention to every last detail.
Our vehicle examples are intended to serve you as inspiration. Let loose your imagination and create the complete vehicle of your dreams with your Porsche Dealer or online with the Porsche Car Configuration.
The Porsche Exclusive employees at our Customer Centre in Zuffenhausen and Leipzig will also be delighted to help you.
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911 Carrera 4 Standard Exhaust System
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Contact a Porsche Dealer, request information or register for exclusive test drives.
Next steps.
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Personalisation & Service
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After 10 Years, RFA Founding President Steps Down
Also stepping down is Richard Richter, who has headed up Radio Free Asia for 10 years.
Richter, a journalist, will retire July 29. He was founding president of RFA and was appointed by the Broadcasting Board of Governors after a career as an executive producer with ABC, CBS and PBS television.
Vice President for Administration and Finance Libby Liu will serve as acting president.
RFA programs target listeners in “closed” East Asian countries in Burmese, Cantonese, Khmer, Korean, Lao, Mandarin, Wu, Tibetan, Uyghur and Vietnamese. Richter said in the announcement that RFA had overcome initial skepticism from other news organizations about its accuracy.
BBG Chairman Kenneth Y. Tomlinson said in a statement, “Few people in the history of international broadcasting have served with the intellectual honesty and the essential decency as Dick Richter.”
Community Broadcaster: Off-Air
“The Daily”’s scandal reminds community radio about the value of trust
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Ancient Greece - The Iliad
Ancient Greece - The Odyssey
Children's Homer
Other Tales from Ancient Greece
Rosemary Sutcliff Ancient Greek Stories
Blackstone Audiobooks (1)
Softcover Book (1)
Ancient Greece Informational / Textual Resources
Ancient Greece Heroes / Legends
The Iliad and Odyssey share stories that are incredibly adventurous and entertaining, but let's face it, the language and length of these works of literature make them difficult for even adult readers to read and enjoy. That's why this classic retelling by Padraic Colum, first published in 1918, has been so popular. It combines the main storylines from the Iliad and Odyssey and presents the story at an upper-elementary reading level. It's a great introduction to the classic tale and makes the story more accessible to kids and adults alike. The book is 248 pgs, pb.
We also offer audio versions of this book. There are no sound effects or background music, but the book is entertainingly read aloud, in its entirety, by Robert Whitfield. The audio CD runs about 4.5 hours on 4 CDs, with a track every 3 minutes for easy bookmarking. ~ Rachel S.
Children's Homer / Padraic Colum
Bargains are available at
Children's Homer CDs
Grades: 4-AD
Rainbow Price: $23.50
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Authentic old and antique maps of California for sale. Our rare California map inventory features authentic maps of California as an Island, Spanish and Mexican Ranchos of California, antique and vintage city views and plans of Los Angeles, San Francisco, San Diego, Santa Barbara, Silicon Valley and elsewhere. Vintage pictorial maps of California are also for sale.
Coast Route, California. Map No. 1. From San...
U.S. Pacific RR Survey
Coast Route, California. Map No. 1. From San Francisco Bay to the Plains of Los Angeles . . .
Washington / 1855
Uncolored
Fabulous regional map, extending from just north of San Francisco Bay to Orange County (not named) and the San Bernardino Valley.
The map includes remarkable topographical detail throughout.
Antique Maps / United States / California / California
[Rare Variant] Disneyland 40 Years of Adventure
The Rare First State of the 1995 Map
Map Of The Mother Lode And Principal Quartz Mines In The Counties Of Tuolumne And Calaveras. Compiled By Eugene H. Barton, C.E. & M.E. Sonora, Cal. June 1896. . . .
Mother Lode in Calaveras and Tuolumne Counties
Big Bear Lake Valley Southern California's 4 Season Resort
Rare Big Bear Lake pictorial tourist map, published by the Artisan Press in Azusa, California.
Wm. T. Coleman & Co.'s Map of the State of California [and] Wm. T Coleman& Co's. Skeleton Map of Columbia River Canneries, Showing Their Location.
Exceptional Chromolithographic Promotional Maps
(California Gold Rush and Mormon Coins) New Varieties of Gold and Silver Coins, Counterfeit Coins, and Bullion; With Mint Values.
One of the Great American Numismatic Books of All Time, with Special Relevance for the California Gold Rush and Mormon Coins.
Map of the State of California Compiled Expressly for Thos. H. Thompson, Publisher Tulare, Cal. Issued with the Tulare County Atlas
Scarce map of California, colored by counties. which appeared in Thompson's Atlas of Tulare County.
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State of the Plate: ‘Bankable’ menu strategies to drive traffic
Menu trend wrangler Nancy Kruse pinpoints the dishes that are winning across all segments at Restaurants Rise powered by MUFSO
Sommeliers can help improve restaurants’ profitability
Despite the high labor cost, beverage directors earn their keep
Açaí, the superfood berry of South America
Açaí is a small, dark purple berry from South American rainforests that is widely touted as a superfood because, like other berries, it is high in antioxidants and other nutrients...
Michael Chon, head of Baekjeong restaurants in the United States, explains how to do Korean barbecue with social distancing
The CEO of Kijung Hospitality Group discusses the challenges and opportunities of business during the pandemic
Miami-based Bodega brand launches fast-casual Taqueria spinoff
The multiunit fast-casual restaurant brand will sell innovative Mexican street food out of an airstream trailer-turned taco truck
Fall’s favorite flavor, Pumpkin Spice, adds warm seasoning to menus
Inspired by the spices used in pumpkin pie, such as cinnamon, nutmeg, ginger, cloves, and allspice, this flavor was launched by Starbucks in 2003 with its now-iconic Pumpkin Spice Latte and since then has been used in a wide variety of beverages...
Ramen meets grilled cheese, a tandoori chicken naan wrap and more winning restaurant sandwiches
Meet the Restaurant Hospitality Best Sandwiches in America 2020
Lemonade founders Alan and Heidi Jackson open new ‘dream restaurant,’ Bull & Butterfly, in Los Angeles
The California-meets-steakhouse menu is inspired by the founders’ travels; they currently have no plans for expansion
Flavor of the Week: Cajeta is caramel with a twist
This confection hails from Mexico and is made with sweetened goat’s milk, which is cooked down, sometimes with cinnamon or vanilla, or both, into a tangy caramel. It can be served over ice cream topping, made into candy, or used in any application...
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The power of YouTube in the era of COVID-19
By Sarah Travis and Elliott Nix
Prior to the pandemic, YouTube was a powerful online platform for retailers to drive meaningful engagement among consumers -- a community of over 2 billion monthly users. With nearly 25% of consumers watching 7 or more hours of online video per week, the power of YouTube has only been amplified, as consumers turn to the platform for entertainment, education and information more than ever before. And, retailers are experiencing their own moment of upheaval; consumers are doing more online shopping than ever before, relying on tried and true, familiar brands. But with increased consumer demand and, in many cases, less supply, more consumers are being forced to turn to new and unfamiliar retailers. With this new reality, online video and YouTube, in particular, is uniquely positioned to help retailers connect with consumers, drive meaningful engagement, and ultimately drive long-term brand loyalty.
The Role of YouTube Expanding During COVID
Over 70 million U.S. households are now streaming content on their connected TV screens and YouTube represents a quarter of all streaming watch time across both subscription and ad-supported platforms in the U.S. YouTube's scale is more important than ever as people are spending more time at home streaming content.
As YouTube viewership has been surging, so has new customer acquisition. Over half of consumers have tried a new shopping service this year and almost one-third of U.S. shoppers have purchased from a brand that was new to them. Furthermore, consumers plan to keep purchasing from the new brands they tried during the pandemic. In these moments, YouTube is positioned to address the familiarity spectrum in ways that TV cannot. The result? A huge opportunity not just for brand traction, but for long-term brand loyalty.
Using YouTube is uniquely effective in broadening and deepening engagement
In December 2019, Google partnered with Heart+Mind Strategies, a strategic brand consultancy, and Nielsen, to understand the power of YouTube to drive meaningful engagement for Big Box, Pure Play and Specialty retailers. We analyzed data from two consumer panels: (1) comparing pre/post online behavioral data and attitudinal survey results between those exposed to YouTube ads and those not exposed, and (2) comparing online consumer behavior across varied brand ad spending levels on YouTube. The analysis revealed that YouTube ads outperform other channels in several ways:
Drive relevancy: 1/3 said YouTube ads are more relevant
Increase spend: 133% higher spend, 61% more shopping trips and 28% increase in purchases for those that recalled a YouTube ad in the past month
Inspire search: 3x more likely to search a brand when exposed to a brand on YouTube
YouTube works differently for brands based upon maturity and growth trajectory
YouTube's unique power lies in its ability to help brands at different points along the brand maturity spectrum. For newer brands like Pure Play retailers, YouTube drives interest in learning about the brand and it increases site engagement. For those exposed to a Pure Play ad in our research, consumers were 2.5x+ more likely to visit the brand website, 4.5x+ were more likely to search the brand and there were 2x+ more pageviews on brands' websites.
For more established Specialty retailers, YouTube deepens existing connections and increases engagement behaviors of search, site visits and purchase. 33% of consumers were more likely to have favorable brand views after being exposed, were 2x+ more likely to say it is a go-to brand, 78% more likely to visit the physical store, and 2x+ more likely to make a purchase.
For mature brands like Big Box retailers, YouTube not only drives sales but also increases brand affinity. Shoppers who viewed a Big Box retailer's YouTube ad are 48% more likely to be new or lapsed customers, with consumers 4x more likely to make an online purchase after being exposed to a Big Box YouTube ad and 58% of consumers were more likely to claim the brand as their favorite.
Ultimately, harnessing the power of online video today has become a critical tool to drive growth. YouTube, as one example, has already proven effectiveness, coupled with 2020's growing viewership and consumer demand, creates an opportunity for retailers to drive unique and meaningful engagement with consumers. Looking even beyond 2020 and the pandemic, online video, including YouTube, can help retailers create brand affinity that drives increased purchases and builds long-term brand relationships.
Filed Under: Marketing E-commerce
Stylitics Names Dan Schultze Vice President of Product Press release from Stylitics
Latest in Marketing
CMOs to rely on low-risk strategies in 2021: report
By Maria Monteros • Jan. 20, 2021
Mobile ad spending surged 26% in 2020 as pandemic fueled demand: report
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September 9, 2014 10:03PM ET
Hear James Murphy’s US Open Remixes
The former LCD Soundsystem frontman created music out of the tournament’s tennis matches and now he has refigured them
Kory Grow
@korygrow Follow
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James Murphy performs at Electric Picnic on August 29th, 2014 in Stradbally, Ireland.
Carrie Davenport/Redferns via Getty Images
Former LCD Soundsystem frontman James Murphy kept busy during the US Open by using an algorithm he devised to create 14 experimental music pieces by “remixing” the tournament matches themselves. He made the pieces, which sound like free-form synthesizer video-game jams with rhythms and bleeps volleying around like tennis balls, in real time on the US Open website. The original songs, cataloged by date and the players in a match, are still available to stream – with visual annotations of when a player scored and when rounds ended – on the tennis tournament’s website. Now his remixes are beginning to surface on SoundCloud.
Murphy has catalogued his recordings by match number and round, though it will require some digging to find out which tennis players played what game. Many of the remixes are explained as shorter versions of the tracks Murphy made.
Match 104, though, got a more in-depth description, likely because it’s credited as one of Murphy’s favorite matches. “When this match began, it could have been either player’s game,” it reads. “And like the match that inspired it, this track opens with beats that are balanced – intense but equal, just like the players – with no instrument clearly taking the lead. The music pulses steadily until the last half of the track, when the instruments start to break form as one player falls behind, and the other takes the lead. The track ends with a soft, high-pitched whistle that ushers the defeated player off the court.” It does not say who the players are.
James Murphy Says Commercial Dance Music 'Makes Me Want to Vomit'
The 10 Most Bizarre Country Christmas Songs
Similarly, Match 4 got a lengthier, dynamic description but no mention of who played. “When a young player beats a top-seeded player, like in this match from August 25th, it’s bound to make some noise,” it reads. “And in this case, that noise is glorious: a series of simple, almost sweet opening notes that slowly transform into unexpectedly intense, mature sounds. Beats bubble up from out of nowhere, swiftly take over and set the track in an uncompromising new direction.”
Although Murphy’s US Open project spotlights a different approach, it harkens back to his idea to make New York City subways more musical. With his “Subway Symphony” plan, which has not been approved by the MTA, turnstiles would create melodies when people swiped their MetroCards and, when several people swiped at once, harmonies with one another. “If it doesn’t happen I’ll be broken-hearted,” Murphy said of the project.
In This Article: James Murphy, RS Dance
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Ballinger Bearcats 2017 Football Schedule
Jun 22, 2017 at 12:14 PM Jun 22, 2017 at 12:16 PM
Date Opponent Site Time
Aug. 18 Jim Ned Away TBA
Aug. 24 Winters Home TBA
Sept. 1 Comanche Home 7:30 p.m.
Sept. 8 Grape Creek Home 7:30 p.m.
Sept. 15 Clyde Away 7:30 p.m.
Sept. 22 Merkel Away 7:30 p.m.
Sept. 29 Junction Away 7:30 p.m.
Oct. 6 Mason Home 7:30 p.m.
Oct. 13 *Reagan County Home 7:30 p.m.
(Homecoming)
Oct. 20 Open
Oct. 27 *Texas Leadership Away 7:30 p.m.
Charter Academy
Nov. 3 *Sonora Home 7:30 p.m.
(Senior Night)
Nov. 10 *Alpine Away 7:30 p.m.
*District Game
Aug. 31 Comanche Away 6 p.m.
Sept. 7 Grape Creek Away 6 p.m.
Sept. 14 Clyde Home 6 p.m.
Sept. 21 Merkel Home 6 p.m.
Sept. 28 Junction Home 6 p.m.
Oct. 5 Mason Away 6 p.m.
Oct. 12 *Reagan County Away 6 p.m.
Oct. 26 *TLCA Home 6 p.m.
Nov. 2 *Sonora Away 6 p.m.
Nov. 9 *Alpine Home 6 p.m.
Sept. 14 Clyde Away 5 p.m. /6:30 p.m.
Sept. 21 Merkel Away 5 p.m. /6:30 p.m.
Sept. 28 Junction Away 5 p.m. /6:30 p.m.
Oct. 5 Mason Home 5 p.m. /6:30 p.m.
Oct. 12 *Reagan County Home 5 p.m. /6:30 p.m.
Oct. 19 Colorado City Away 5 p.m. /6:30 p.m.
Oct. 26 *TLCA Away 5 p.m. /6:30 p.m.
Nov. 2 *Sonora Home 5 p.m. /6:30 p.m.
Nov. 9 *Alpine TBA 5 p.m. /6:30 p.m.
Chuck Lipsey Athletic Director/Head Football 325-365-3588
Jeff Butts Superintendent 325-365-3588
Robert Webb High School Principal 325-365-3588
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Lil Kim Says Andy Cohen Disrespected Her; Refuses To Appear On Watch What Happens Live
This incident gets my vote for one of the strangest things to happen in celebrity news in 2019 this far. Along with Kanye West starting a church and basically everything Lindsay Lohan posts on Instagram.
Just so y’all don’t waste a bunch of time Googling “Lil’ Kim” like I just did, let me fill you in on the basics. Lil’ Kim is a rapper, model, and actress. She also appeared on Dancing With the Stars in 2009. Apparently, she enjoyed her reality television stint because she is currently making the rounds to promote a reality TV show that she produced and stars in. The show is called Girls Cruise and it airs on VH1. Girls Cruise will feature Lil’ Kim and several of her besties traveling together on a cruise. I will watch a LOT of terrible TV, but this one is a gets a hard pass from me.
Andy Cohen Is A Father! What Did He Name His Son?
The mazel of the day goes to Andy Cohen! It’s officially official! The Watch What Happens Live host is now a father!
Photo Roundup: Lisa Vanderpump, Shannon Beador, Alex McCord, Jacqueline Laurita and More
Happy Monday! It’s a short work week for many of you, so there’s something to be a little happy about on this Monday morning, right? To get you through the day we have a new photo roundup of our favorite reality stars out and about this weekend. Above: Lisa Vanderpump and Joyce Giraud took her boys (and Ken and Giggy) to the premiere event of ‘Odysseo By Cavalia’ this weekend. Real Housewives of Orange County‘s Shannon Beador and her family were spotted there, too!
In today’s gallery we also have:
Andy Cohen celebrating the launch of his newest book with his BFF Sarah Jessica Parker
Kyle Richards doing press for all of her new projects
Kris Jenner showing her support of Nicole Murphy
Heidi Klum, Gigi Hadid and Julianne Hough at last night’s American Music Awards
Alex McCord back in NYC for a visit
And many other past and present reality TV stars: Courtney Stodden, Kate Gosselin, Former Ladies of London star Annabelle Neilson, Jacqueline Laurita and more!
Hot Photos,Photos
Reality TV Stars Snapshots And Selfies – Kyle Richards, Fredrik Eklund, Ramona Singer, Kenya Moore, Adam Levine, More
Our favorite reality TV stars cannot get enough of the spotlight during their regularly scheduled time slots, so they take to social media to share even more of their lives with us. And we would not have it any other way. Here’s a roundup of some of our favorite snapshots and selfies from this week. Enjoy.
Above: Real Housewives of Beverly Hills star Lisa Rinna shared, “I woke up to this on my text messages. Kyle Richards I will get you back. Just when you least expect it. Game on.”
Below you will find photos from Kenya Moore, Courtney Stodden, Adam Levine, Kathryn Edwards, Ramona Singer, Charrisse Jordan, and more.
CLICK THE CONTINUE READING BUTTON FOR THE GALLERY!
Reality TV Stars Snapshots And Selfies – Lisa Vanderpump, Big Ang, Phaedra Parks, Yolanda Foster, Leah Remini, And More
Above: Real Housewives of Beverly Hills star Lisa Vanderpump shared, “My morning tea with my pump boys! If only this was my daily ritual!”
Below you will find pics from Phaedra Parks, Erika Jayne, Leah Remini, Big Ang, Yolanda Foster, Caroline Stanbury, Bethenny Frankel, and more.
Kim Kardashian Talks Bruce Jenner, Met Gala, And Selfies; Photos From Met Gala And Selfish Book Signing
Kim Kardashian talked to Extra yesterday about Kim, Bruce Jenner, Kim, the Met Gala, Kim, her book of selfies, and a little bit more Kim for good measure.
About Bruce‘s interview with Diane Sawyer, Kim said, “It was amazing. He got such a great response, such a supportive response, and that means the world to him. This was a big step for him. He can feel the love [and the support]. That makes him so happy.”
“I’m trying to hook him up with designers now,” added Kim. No, Bruce! No! Run!
Kim said she promised Bruce she’d help him every step of the way … as long as he doesn’t try to steal her glam team. “I’m like, ‘That’s not going to work. You gotta find your own team. If you are going to do this, you have to do it right. You have to look amazing, and I’ll help you.'” #priorities
CLICK CONTINUE READING FOR MORE!
Hot Photos,Keeping up with the Kardashians,Photos
Fredrik Eklund To Sell Sarah Jessica Parker’s NYC Townhouse On Million Dollar Listing New York?
Is Sarah Jessica Parker turning to Million Dollar Listing New York in order to showcase and sell her NYC townhouse?
Sarah Jessica is no stranger to reality TV – or Bravo. First of all, she’s friends with Andy Cohen. And second of all, she appeared on Bravo’s short-lived Work Of Art: The Next Great Artist. [Confession: I kinda, secretly loved that show].
Sources say Sarah Jessica and hubby Matthew Broderick are desperate to sell their massive Greenwhich Village town home, which is listed for $22 Million and they aren’t having much success. So they’ve hired a familiar face – Fredrik Eklund!
CLICK THE CONTINUE READING BUTTON FOR THE REST!
Kim Kardashian To Produce A New Reality Show, But Will She Take The Ice Bucket Challenge?
Kim Kardashian — the undisputed queen of reality TV thanks to Keeping Up With the Kardashians — is ready to step out from in front of the cameras and put on her producer hat for a new reality venture.
Although Kim has waded into the waters of producing reality TV before — remember the short lived show about her publicist/best friend Jonathan Cheban — this time, Kim has more experience and a completely different show concept.
Keeping up with the Kardashians,Photos
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Custom-Built Flintlock Longrifle
Frontier-era flintlock designs blast back to life through this modern-day longrifle build!
Real World Survivor Editor
Dave Crispin Custom Rifle
The author is on the lookout with his new custom-built rifle. Dave Crispin is filing the triggerguard into shape. All the brass parts on this rifle were either fabricated by Dave or customized by him.
Lines and Details
The custom-made rifle has graceful lines and details that you simply can’t find in a mass-produced flintlock rifle.
Custom Flintlock
The author prefers a simple single trigger over double set triggers, especially for a hunting rifle.
Patchbox Lid and Buttstock
When Dave made the sliding wood patchbox lid, he ensured that the tiger stripes on the patchbox lid lined up with the stripes on the buttstock. That’s craftsmanship!
The left side of the buttstock is tastefully carved, and it is accented by an engraved silver hunter’s star inlaid into the cheekpiece.
Dave engraved the side plate, and carved decorative fleur-de-lis finials on the side plate and lock plate moldings.
Ramrod Entry Thimble
Dave fabricated this ramrod entry thimble with the extended tail, which is a typical Bucks County trait.
Triggerguard
Dave modified both the triggerguards and the return on the buttplate into typical Bucks County thumbnail designs.
Custom Loading Block
As a little custom touch, Dave made a little loading block from the same wood as the gun stock.
Ready To Fire
The completed flintlock longrifle is both a beautiful and effective hunting tool.
I’ll gladly shoot anything that goes bang! I own my share of modern firearms and I enjoy shooting them, but, when I was 17 years old, I shot my first blackpowder gun and I was hooked. It was slow, messy and smelly…in other words it was totally fun. By the time I was 18 years old I owned my first muzzleloading rifle, and it was just the first of many. I was always striving to get more authentic looking rifles, but I quickly discovered that all of the commercially available, mass-produced flintlock rifles were sadly deficient in the authenticity department.
I really wanted a custom longrifle. Unfortunately, custom-built longrifles are expensive. My solution was to make my own, and over the years I’ve built a number of muzzleloading rifles. I’ve gotten to the point where I can make a longrifle that doesn’t cause me to hang my head in shame, but I’m not even close to being a master craftsman.
For a long time, my desire for a custom-built flintlock rifle was shelved in favor of things like putting food on the table, shoes on my kids’ feet and funding a pair of college degrees. But, as time passed by, the boys finished college and got themselves jobs. Pretty soon, they had their own places and were buying their own shoes and hamburgers. And lo and behold, I started seeing something I wasn’t used to—money in the bank at the end of the month. So, on my 59th birthday, I decided that I had waited long enough for a custom rifle. I called up David Crispin, who lives about an hour away from me, and set up a meeting to plan out my custom rifle.
To reach out to David Crispin and learn more about his custom shop, please email [email protected] or call 410-848-8838.
Researching The Build
These days there are probably more people handcrafting flintlock longrifles than there were in 1776. Many of these craftsmen are turning out exceptional work. In fact, a good number of them are as good as, or even better than, the best 18th-century gunsmiths. Many of these builders have national reputations, but for something as intimate as a custom-fitted rifle, I feel more comfortable dealing with someone I can meet with face to face.
Luckily, there are excellent builders in just about every part of the country. If you’re in the market for a custom longrifle, I recommend that you attend major muzzleloading or reenacting events near you. An event like Dixon’s Gunmakers Fair, held in Kempton, Pennsylvania, is ideal, but any of the National Muzzle Loading Rifle Association regional rendezvous are very good as well. A quick search on the internet
should show a number of sites within an easy drive of your location. At these events you can see these gunmakers and their work to get an idea of who you’d like working on your rifle.
I chose Dave Crispin because I’ve been able to get to know him over the course of the last few years. For two years we camped side by side at the annual Fort Frederick 18th Century Market Fair in western Maryland. We’ve shared campfires and conversations, and I was able to check out half a dozen of his rifles and fowlers in the hands of satisfied customers.
Dave made his living as a tool and die maker for 40 years, and he has been building flintlock rifles for decades. He is also a dedicated 18th-century hunter and trekker. The guns he makes work in the real world. That was important to me.
When I met with Dave I already had some firm ideas about the rifle of my dreams. Stylistically, I wanted a rifle from the Bucks County, Pennsylvania school of builders. Historically, I’m interested in the period from the French and Indian War in 1754 until the Battle of Fallen Timbers in 1794, and that is a tough combination. There are plenty of Bucks County guns that were made at the end of that period, but in researching the project I could only find one that dated as early as 1760 and it was on page 22 of Dr. George Shumway’s Longrifle Articles Vol. 1, which is a collection of his “Longrifles of Note” column for Muzzle Blasts magazine. Shumway dates this gun to the period 1760 to 1780. It featured a sliding wooden patchbox, which is a feature that I wanted on my rifle. I also selected some features from a rifle that is featured in Rifles of Colonial America Vol. 1. It is #65, which Shumway dates as likely to have been built in 1780.
Dave recommended that we have Dave Keck of Knob Mountain Muzzleloading in Berwick, Pennsylvania, profile the stock for us. Dave Keck has a collection of over 200 stock patterns copied from original rifles. We selected a stock profile that closely matched the #65 rifle from Rifles of Colonial America Vol. 1. and Dave Keck selected a premium maple stock blank to send to Knob Mountain.
The next decision was the barrel and caliber. Eighteenth-century rifles have what are known as “swamped” barrels. They start wide at the breech, where strength matters, then they taper down to a point about 6 inches back from the muzzle to reduce weight, then they flare out slightly to the muzzle, which improves the gun’s balance for off-hand shooting. Swamped barrels come in different profiles that are usually designated as A, B, C, or D, with the A profile being the most slender. My rifle is going to be carried a lot and used for deer hunting in season. Most people select a C-profile barrel in .54 caliber for that task, but I have a rifle with that barrel combination and I think it is a bit heavy. For this build I selected a .50-caliber, Colerain B-profile barrel. I think .50 caliber is sufficient for whitetails, and the B-profile barrel is noticeably lighter and better balanced than a C-profile .54. With that decision out of the way, Dave measured my length of pull and we nailed down the final details of stock furniture, engraving and woodcarving.
The next time I saw Dave a couple of months later, the barrel, tang, buttplate, ramrod entry thimble and the flintlock were all inletted into the stock. Dave makes most of the brass furniture on his rifles, including the side plates, nose caps and ramrod thimbles. If the rifle calls for a brass patchbox, Dave fabricates that as well. For the triggerguard and buttplate, Dave uses brass castings that he modifies as needed.
The total wait time for my rifle was four months, which is not bad in the world of custom gunsmithing, but it is plenty of time for the anticipation to build. When I picked up the rifle, it lived up to all the anticipation. The stock was beautiful. Dave colored the curly maple with Laurel Mountain Forge’s Nut Brown stain. It really made the tiger stripes pop. With the dramatic sweep of the buttstock and the tiger striping, the stock is very eye-catching.
The brass buttplate has a typical Bucks County thumbnail at the end of the return. On the right side of the butt Dave installed a sliding wood patchbox, an early rifle feature that I was looking for. On the left side he made a Bucks County-style hunter’s star and inlaid it into the cheekpiece. And behind the cheekpiece, Dave executed some elegant but restrained engraving and low relief carving. On the wrist Dave inlaid a silver oval with my initials and outlined the tang by decorative carving. Dave fabricated a typical Bucks County entry thimble with a long, ornate tail. This is not only for aesthetic value, but it also provides protection to an area on the stock that wears over time from friction with your hand.
Because this is going to be a real working rifle, I didn’t want it too highly decorated. Dave’s carving and metal engraving set exactly the right note. A large Siler flintlock provides the rifle’s ignition system, which is tripped by a simple single trigger. I think double triggers can be useful at the target range, but they can be a hindrance in the woods. A properly set up single trigger with a crisp 3-pound pull will do everything I need it to do.
Crispin’s custom flintlock rifle is the perfect addition to a hunting expedition
Barrel And Accoutrements
The browned octagonal barrel is topped with open sights of Dave’s manufacture. The front sight is a sterling silver blade that Dave left high so I could adjust it myself. The rear sight is a very shallow semi-buckhorn design. There is a small notch at the low point of the sight blade for 25- to 50-yard shots. Elevating the front blade to the top of the buckhorn allows accurate 100-yard shooting. This is a great hunting sight.
My load for this rifle is a 0.490-inch ball patched with pillow ticking over 75 grains of Goex 3Fg blackpowder. I prime with the same 3Fg that I’m using in the main charge. With this load I can cloverleaf my shots at 25 yards, and hit a 4-inch circle from the bench at 100 yards.
A good rifle deserves a good bag and powder horn. I am a firm believer in having a separate bag and horn for each muzzleloader I own. Each bag is equipped with the necessary gear to load and clean that specific rifle, and each horn is equipped with a powder measure that throws the correct load for that gun. Having rifle-specific bags and horns prevents you from getting out to the field with a .50-caliber rifle and discovering you have .54-caliber balls in your shooting bag. That happened to me once 30 years ago. It makes for a very bad day.
The bag for this rifle is one that I picked up at a small event at Prickett’s Fort in West Virginia. It has an authentic 18th-century design with a little line carving on the flap to add a touch of class. The horn was bought at the aforementioned Fort Frederick Market Fair. It is of the type known as a “Pennsylvania screw tip.” The horn tip is threaded and unscrews to make its own funnel for filling.
My custom-built rifle is everything I hoped it would be. Since sighting it in, I’ve shot it at one event, and I’m looking forward to making meat with it this fall.
To reach out to David Crispin and learn more about his custom shop, please email [email protected] or call 410-848-8838. And check out Dave Keck’s shop by visiting knobmountainmuzzleloading.com or calling 570-759-2053.
This article originally published in AMERICAN FRONTIERSMAN® 2014-#158 issue. Print and Digital Editions to AMERICAN FRONTIERSMAN® magazine available here.
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Horace Kephart’s Camping and Woodcraft
Horace Kephart's all-time best handbook for camping, woodcraft, and living in the wild
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Leading men on the West End
From Bradley Cooper to Benedict Cumberbatch, over favourite film actors are heading for the West End.
By Hannah Dunn
It was one of the hottest selling tickets of 2014 (after Kate Bush and One Direction) and the show we can't believe we had to wait a year to see. We're talking about Benedict Cumberbatch taking on the big one, Hamlet, of course.
When you consider the talents of Cumberbatch and director Lyndsey Turner, the woman behind Posh, it's set to be the most impressive stage production of 2015.
When: 5 August - 31 October 2015
Where: The Barbican
More info: Hamlet-barbican.com
Damien Lewis
January might seem take on the role of Henry VIII in the BBC adaptation of Hilary Mantel's Wolf Hall, but by April he'll be on stage for the first time in six years for David Mamet's American Buffalo.
We might still be mourning the loss of Brody in Homeland, but Lewis is more than making up for it in 2015.
When: 16 April to 27 June 2015
Where: Wyndham Theatre
More info: Delfontmackintosh.co.uk
He's no stranger to the stage, after all his incredible portrayal of Macbeth earnt him an Olivier nomination just two years ago. This time it's The Ruling Class and McAvoy is a paranoid schizophrenic who becomes the 14th Earl of Gurney. It's going to be incredible.
When: 16 January - 11 April 2015
Where: Trafalgar Studios
More info: Trafalgartransformed.com
Following a run on Broadway, the whole team from the Elephant Man (including Bradley Cooper) are planning to head to London for a 12 week spell on the West End come summer. Fingers at the ready for when those tickets come out.
When: 19 May - 8 August 2015
Where: Theatre Royal Haymarket
More info: Elephantmanlondon.com
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View Resorts
Monthly Series
What Wellness Travel Will Look Like Post-Pandemic According to Experts
Written by Emma Cunningham
Before the COVID-19 pandemic hit, wellness travel in the world of travel and hospitality remained a loose concept. The industry was notorious for adopting and embodying all areas that fit a “wellness” component; with travelers filling their days with beachside yoga classes, couple’s massages, hiking, surfing, or lounging poolside as a form of escapism.
While those types of trips still exist, the days of one-size-fits-all wellness travel might now be long gone. As the world continues to face the COVID-19 pandemic head-on, people have become increasingly conscious about their health, especially for those addicted to jetting off to new and far away places. Moreover, after being confined indoors for months, people are now highly aware of how both travel and outdoor exploration play a vital role in our mental and physical well-being, allowing us to connect with ourselves, others, and nature.
“Wellness is on everyone’s mind during COVID-19, especially when making travel decisions,” says Vivienne Tang, the founder of Destination Deluxe. “People’s mental health has greatly suffered during the crisis, so there is a high chance mindfulness will become part of people’s daily habits if they haven’t already,” she adds.
When it comes time to openly cross borders again, trip-goers and health enthusiasts will have developed a more nuanced and personal idea of what “health” means to them. Although wellness vacations aren’t the product of the pandemic, it’s hard not to wonder what the resurgence will be for the industry as a result of it. The dream vacation guests were planning for 2020 may be on hold, however it doesn’t mean they have to hit pause completely. In fact, a rejuvenating experience might be just the stress-buster most folks need at the moment.
From increasing longevity through science-driven methods to rediscovering your true self amongst nature, we explore why wellness travel, upcoming trends to watch, and destinations to head to for an overdue wellness getaway.
Why travel for wellness?
Vacations are often an exercise in overindulgence, which can lead to feelings of guilt upon returning home. However, wellness travel is all about reenergizing, finding balance, and practicing self-care, while disconnecting from everyday stressors like worrisome news headlines and the pressures of work.
Wellness travel allows you to take part in a newly discovered activity while you’re away (think: yoga, forest bathing, organic eating/cooking) that can teach you how to incorporate mindfulness into your daily life at home.
Think of wellness travel as a cleanse for your mental and emotional health. By disconnecting from the toxins in your life, you can clear your mind for healthier thoughts and, hopefully, return home feeling better and more refreshed than when you left.
Forrest bathing at The Datai Langkawai, a Regenerative Resort in Malaysia
What will wellness travel look like post-pandemic?
The concept of wellness travel isn’t going anywhere in a post-coronavirus world, but what’s on the list of activities or menu most likely will.
According to Tang, spas will incorporate new wellness techniques, such as sound healing and breathwork, which are two deeply transformational healing modalities that can be practiced with social distancing measures in place.
Secluded getaways, whether they’re actually nearby or just a short flight away, check all those boxes for those still looking to maintain physical distance between themselves and strangers. And of course, activities that used to cater to large groups will be replaced by limited-space experiences.
“Post Covid-19, people will be much more specific about requirements and demand tangible and measurable results,” confirms Dervla Louli, founder of Compare Retreats. “Detox and immune-boosting retreats in remote locations in nature will become even more popular than before,” she adds.
Where should I travel for wellness?
When considering where to travel, start with the risks involved. If anxiety spikes at the thought of being on shared transportation like a plane, train or ferry, then consider closer-to-home destinations that are within driving distance.
Otherwise, research some getaways that are a little more remote like a secluded island, a lesser-known beach or a national park that are accessible across less restricted borders. Here are our favorite off-the-beaten path destinations to explore as well as trends that are currently redefining the wellness travel industry:
A Digital Detox in Sri Lanka
Unplug and unwind from the overload of information and screens that inundated our daily lives in a place where phones are surrendered, or at least significantly limited. Our minds can become overloaded from our frantic, stressed, overworked lives, which are constantly exposed to screens.
Some wellness detox retreats are simply places where it’s easy to switch off; there’s no WIFI or mobile reception, or where the property actively encourages you to limit your screen time. Other wellness retreats offer dedicated detox breaks. The whole idea is to make it easier to break your social media or screen habit surrounded by like-minded people.
Step back in time amid the simple rhythms of life at The Mudhouse in Anawilundawa Wetland Sanctuary, Sri Lanka. Built with only environmentally-sound materials, the remote Mudhouse eschews modern distractions like electricity in favor of a closer connection to the earth. The cuisine is sourced from the onsite farm, and every hut includes a bicycle for low-tech exploration of the property.
“The Mudhouse’s slow-cooked food, open plan huts and fifty acres of forest make it an ideal spot for wellness-focused getaways,” says Tom. “We have all learned to enjoy slowing down in recent months, and The Mudhouse is a place where you can really control the tempo. Our island yoga sala also provides the perfect space to workout or meditate in peaceful tranquility,” he adds.
The Mudhouse, a Regenerative Resort in Sri Lanka
A Nature Immersive Getaway in Malaysia
After months of social distancing indoors, many are craving long periods of time in nature. Take ‘forest bathing’, for example, a traditional and eco-therapeutic practice that can improve mental and physical health, specifically by immersing in nature or outdoor surroundings. A forest bathing trip involves visiting a forest for relaxation and recreation while breathing in phytoncides (wood essential oils). These are antimicrobial volatile organic compounds derived from trees and known to boost the immune system.
Nestled in the heart of a 10-million-year-old rainforest on the mystical island of Langkawi, Malaysia is The Datai Langkawi – a captivating destination resort that blends into its natural surroundings. The resort’s lush tropical rainforest embraces each room, suite, and villa, with private verandas and breathtaking views. This serene haven is where you can reconnect with nature and uplift your soul.
Datai’s team of resident naturalists and marine biologists have curated experiences and activities on the property to allow you to discover the unique flora and fauna of the resort, including rainforest and garden walks, coral reef explorations, jungle treks to natural pools and waterfalls.
The Datai Langkawi, a Regenerative Resort in Malaysia
A Wellness Sabbatical in Bali
Typically during a wellness retreat, one may spend a week in beautiful surroundings being tended to by holistic therapists, eating nutrient-dense food, and practicing yoga with limited technology. We are encouraged to switch off mentally and physically to ensure maximum decompression and relaxation during that week’s stay.
But what about making lasting change through a longer stay? A new wellness trend is to embark on longer-term wellness programs while still staying connected to one’s job remotely while staying immersed in a positive and healthy environment. This can contribute to increased productivity, relaxation, and a broader perspective.
The perfect place to do so? Fivelements Retreat Bali.
At Fivelements, the personal, spiritual, and physical wellness of every guest is improved through plant-based cuisine, healing meditation and yoga, and relaxing days spent by the sacred Ayung River.
“Fivelements Retreat Bali offers the ideal wellness destination where guests can hide away and relax from the daily stress and escape in almost ‘isolation’. Calming sounds from wildlife of the jungle and the flowing Ayung River makes morning yoga a delight to wake up to,” says John Nielsen, General Manager of Fivelements Bali in Indonesia.
With nine suites, each compèreing its own private pavilion, it’s the perfect space to work quietly in between yoga sessions, in the most inspiring environment. You can also indulge in unique Balinese rituals like energy healing, water healing, and reviving massages that will encourage you to nurture a greater harmony with your spirit, the environment, and others.
The work culture is changing, with those who can take regular wellness sabbaticals on a long-stay structured wellness trip, embracing the balance between Wellness and work.
Fivelements Bali, a Regenerative Resort in Bali
A Mountain Top Excursion in Nepal
With a substantial annual increase of people traveling worldwide, the surge of cultural experiences can also mean a strain on local resources, both socially, environmentally, and economically. So how can we help to ensure the longevity of these destinations for generations to come while providing an authentic tourism experience? Pick the road less traveled.
At Tiger Mountain Pokhara Lodge you’ll just about have the mountaintop all to yourself. Perched on a remote ridge outside Pokhara, central Nepal, this is the ideal place to relinquish your stress and sink into a deeper understanding of yourself and the natural world, without a soul around.
“With our incredible mountain panorama wellness comes from being more than doing,” says Marcus Cotton, owner of Tiger Mountain Pokhara Lodge. “Rather than an artificial spa, the grounds are our spa, the surrounding forest, farmland and villages are our gym. Our expert local guides love to take our guests to discover the cycle of agriculture in the area and to buy locally grown products,” he explains.
By choosing less-trafficked destinations, or places which are taking measures to combat over-tourism, protects delicate ecosystems. We can all do our part, as a tourist or hotelier to lessen the impact and alleviate pressure by discovering new locations, giving back locally, and connecting with nature.
Tiger Mountain Lodge Pokhara, a Regenerative Resort in Nepal
A Barefoot Luxury Retreat in the Philippines
If you desire the utmost privacy and socially distanced experience, book the Perlah Villa at Nay Palad Hideaway, a 400-sqm fully equipped villa (for 6 people) with a private swimming pool, private beach, and a tree-top terrace. Nestled between the lush mangrove forests and soft supple sand on the island of Siargao in the Philippines lies this secret sanctuary. Create your own wellness experience and join a daily yoga session on the yoga pavilion, try a session on a SUP board or request a spa therapist who specializes in Hilot, a Filipino massage tradition acclaimed for its healing abilities.
“Nature has always been the center of our philosophy, because we simply love it, enjoy it and respect it. From the beginning we wanted the resort to be an example of good sustainability practices. It started with simple ideas like: a plastic bottle would never reach our property, to use only local and natural materials for the construction of the resort, to protect the astonishing lagoon and the immense mangrove forest in our backyard,” owner, Herve Lampert shares.
Nay Palad Hideaway, a Regenerative Resort in the Philippines
As we dream about wellness getaways in foreign lands, we reflect on the benefits of travel and how exploring new places fosters compassion, self-awareness, and reconnecting through intimate experiences and adventures. With Regenerative Resorts’ visionary, sustainable destinations, no two interactions are the same, making it easy and accessible for those who love to actively make a positive change on a personal level and in the world.
Emma Cunningham
Emma Cunningham is a world traveler, writer, & content strategist who’s work is rooted in celebrating brands & publications that improve our world through travel, sustainability, & wellness. After graduating with a Bachelor’s in Journalism from the University of Wisconsin in 2014, Emma went on to backpack the globe solo for three years while writing features, reviews, & stories to a variety of multi-media publications including Suitcase Magazine, The Huffington Post, Electrify Magazine, & The Standard Hong Kong.
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HomeDucatiFeaturesMotorcycle History
Meet The Sexiest Italian Motorcycle You've Never Heard Of
Oct 31, 2018 at 2:20pm ET
When is a Maserati not a Maserati? When it's a motorcycle!
Did you guys know that Maserati made motorcycles back in the 1950s? It's true! Well, mostly. The motorcycle company wasn't the Maserati, it was a Maserati—one with the legal right to use the name and the famed trident logo.
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Back in the early 50s, extremely successful and very sexy Italian automaker Maserati was split into three separate companies—Maserati Automobil which made cars, Fonderie di Modena which was a foundry, and Fabbrica Candele e Accumulatori Maserati which made, of all things, lightbulbs and spark plugs. Only Maserati Automobil was supposed to keep the rights to Maserati's famous trident logo, but a legal cockup allowed Fabbrica Candele e Accumulatori Maserati to use it as well. That little administration error led to the creation of Maserati Motorcycles, some of the finest Italian bikes you've never heard of.
How did this all come about? Well, see, there was a huge demand for affordable transportation in postwar Italy, and a lot of companies were getting into the scooter and motorbike game. That's how Ducati went from making radios to making some of the fastest, sexiest bikes around, for example. FCAM also wanted some of that sweet, sweet motorcycle industry money, so in 1953 it purchased a tiny Bologna-based bikemaker called Italmoto, slapped the trident on a bunch of rad small-displacement bikes, and ecco!, The Maserati Motorcycle Company was born.
The 125 Tipo T2—which is the bike we're looking at here—was Maserati's first production bike. They were handsome, stylish little things powered by a DKW-derived, 123cc, two-stroke single that put down around 6.5 horsepower at 5,000 rpm. It wasn't particularly fast with a top speed of around 50-ish miles per hour, but it was good looking and, most importantly, economical. You got a lot for your Lira with a Maserati Motorcycle, a feature that was very attractive to post-war Italians.
For seven years, from 1953 to 1960, the company cranked out bikes ranging from 125 to 250ccs with both two and four-stroke mills. They even sold a line of mopeds alongside the sportier motorcycles. The Maserati bikes were pretty popular thanks to being associated by name with Maserati Auto's racing successes. They sold remarkably well in Italy and were exported to North America, the rest of Europe, and even to South Africa.
Sadly, by 1960, financial troubles, serious competition from the other big Italian bikemakers, and the rise of affordable microcars forced Maserati Motorcycles out of business. You can still find them here and there today, and when they turn up for sale they cost a pretty penny.
Source: Artcurial/Dirk de Jager
Gallery: Maserati Motorcycle
Motorcycle History
italy italian Ducati Motorcycles
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Harriet & Ryan
Photography by Jackson & Co Photography
Gorgeous Harriet & Ryan married at one of our favourite wedding venues, The Bell Inn Ticehurst. We love the laid back vibe and quirky spaces and it's such a treat to see how each couple transforms the space to suit their style. Harriet and Ryan have embraced greenery and foliage, using pretty bud vases filled with blooms all along the tables and sweet little potted cacti along the fireplaces. The final result is really fresh and springy - like a meadow in full bloom. Images come from the wonderful Hannah & Michael at Jackson & Co, who shoot regularly at The Bell. Look out for the gorgeous table plan and pretty maids in pastels. Oh and the meringue wedding cake - seriously yum.
Harriet the Bride: My wedding dress was from Pantiles Bride in Tunbridge Wells. Pammy and Alexandra were the most ridiculously helpful and attentive women on the planet and were absolute heroes. In truth...there were was more than one occasion where there was a little wobble when it came to decision making and choosing that perfect dress but the Pantiles Bride crew steered me in the right direction and always with the utmost kindness and consideration. My dress is a Watters by Willowby called Madeira and I think it has a fun and relaxed feel about it. I never thought I would choose a dress with a full skirt but as soon as I got to swish around in it...I knew I wanted to be able to swish around all day long on our wedding day. It has spaghetti straps that cross over delicately at the back which is low cut and a simple but beautiful lace unstructured bodice that feeds into the full tulle skirt. Alexandra helped me add a lace underskirt that sat between the layers of tulle. This was absolute favourite bit as when you swished in the dress you could see the gorgeous lace through the tulle.
Ryan the Groom: I was keen to wear something a bit different. It couldn’t be too formal because it wouldn’t sit well with the style of venue and vibe we were going for. I thought tweed to go with the country feel of the venue but decided that it would be too heavy for a summer wedding. I found an emerald green suit by Tiger of Sweden which convinced me to go for green, but it was a lot of money for an off the peg suit. Struggling to find anything unique in the high street shops, I was really pleased to come across Beggars Run – a couple of tailors in Shoreditch, London – who could accommodate my request for something a bit different. They fitted me out with a green fleck wool/silk three-piece which I was really pleased with and it came in cheaper than the Tiger of Sweden I’d originally looked at. I wore it with a pair of Oliver Sweeney double monks and a navy knitted tie. My mum was on knitting duties and made them for me and the best men, our handsome page boys had mini bow ties too.
The Bell has a very quirky and informal feel to it. It feels instantly welcoming and accepting and offers a fun and outgoing party for all your friends and family to enjoy. Tess at The Bell is such a lovely person and she worked really hard to ensure that we had everything we needed and more. I saw The Bell on Pinterest even pre-engagement when weddings were just a farfetched notion for Ryan and me. I loved the county setting and how modest it felt in comparison to other venues which I think can feel a bit stagey and pretentious. Some of The Bell's quirks include a taxidermy squirrel, a giant bulls head on the wall, a silver birch tree running up the staircase and giant trombones as urinals in the gent loo. Our guests said the venue was ‘very us’ which I definitely think is a compliment. The Bell has a room with big double doors that open outside called the stable with the table were we had the speeches and where people hung out generally drinking and chatting. It has a long sunken table covered in a red carpet where you walk down after the ceremony for the confetti throwing. This was one of the highlights for me and will always be a moment I remember with real joy. The boys were given confetti cannons to fire at the end of the walk which was awesome. The rooms at The Bell are an attraction in themselves. My dearest mum who is endlessly generous paid for all seven of my bridesmaids and me to stay there the night before the wedding. Each and every room has its own unique style but collectively they have a underplayed glamour and real air of comfort. The room my maid of honour Jess and I stayed in had the most beautiful light in the morning for getting ready in and having photos taken. Ryan and I were lucky enough to stay in the infamous Love Nest on the night of the wedding. A round Lodge room set in The Bells garden along with a further three equally impressive lodges. The Love nest has a wood burning stove, copper rolled top bath and oozes eclectic charm from its very fibres.
The Decor & Styling
I was pretty determined to not have a colour scheme but ultimately, we ended up with one. What I didn’t want was a colour theme and I didn’t want to be limited to a particular palette. I did, however learn that people have planned weddings in a certain way for a long time and it’s done this way for a reason...it brings the wedding together and makes it look awesome. We went with pastel type range of colours. Lots of greens, white, brass and some pale blues, pinks and yellows but we were not strict at all with that...anything kind of went that didn’t go! I had seven bridesmaids and they all more than pulled their weight! We made photo bunting with hundreds of polaroid style photos of family and friends and sewed circle paper garlands in greens and white to hang from the silver birch on the stairs. We are so lucky to have such talented and generous friends...Steve made our order of the day, Kim our polaroid guestbook sign and Dean drew Quintin Blake-esque style drawings of Ryan and I for the wedding invitations. Ryan made the seating plan by framing some sedum turf and writing on the glass front in mirror pen. I must admit...I was really impressed by that. It looked so lovely.
Katherine from Florist in the Forest managed to take what was in my head and deliver with absolute perfection. We went to her studio at her home in Tunbridge Wells for a first meeting and came away knowing that we were in safe hands. The flowers were actually the most important thing to me. I love love love flowers, greenery and all things botanical. We went for a green foliagy feel which included different types of ferns, trailing ivy, mosses and mini cactus. Katherine designed hedgerow style centrepieces for the tables and filled lots of individual decanters with wild county flowers which looked fantastic. I’m not sure what was in my bouquet but it was AMAZING and so so beautiful. Wild flowers, daisies and lots of greens, pales blues and pinks. I think I was the saddest I’ve ever been when I came down in the morning to see my bouquet littered on the floor, dying. I guess that’s a sign that I had too much fun the night before. My dad and his girlfriend Helen brought in two weeping golden birch tree that sat at the top of aisle looking ethereal and beautiful. My dad actually welded an arch way for the top of the stairs which Helen covered with ivy, jasmine and white roses...it smelled and looked so romantic and out of this world. They also dressed all the bannisters and metal railings in the stables with green foliage which really tied everything together.
The bridesmaids dresses were an absolute bargain from ASOS. They were all on sale and ranged from £15 - £50 depending on if they were in petite and in blush or pale blue. I had seven bridesmaids so I can’t pretend I wasn’t happy about that! It was quite tricky finding a dress that suited all their skin tone and body shapes and originally I asked them all to choose their own dresses. I quickly realised that it wasn’t practical to get them to choose as when you are planning a wedding you are working to a deadline. They all looked beautiful and the colours went really well together. The bridesmaids all got a vintage mirror compact and a nude lipstick as a pressie. The page boy chinos, shirts and braces were from Zara Kids and their little hats with palm trees on were spotted on our weekly shop in Sainsburys. The groomsmen wore navy blue Next suits and looked entirely dapper. Ryan’s mum knitted Ryan’s and the groomsmen’s ties in navy blue or light green and the page boys had little green bow ties. The groomsmen ech got a silver pocket watch as prezzie from Ry.
I walked down the aisle to James Vincent McMorrow’s Higher love which makes me feel funny every time I hear it. It makes both of us smile from ear to ear. On the way out we listened to the original 80’s Steve Winwood version which is super fun and told everyone that the party was on! Our bezzie pals Karen, Halyely (who came all the way from Australia) and Rosie (all the way from New Zealand) read at the ceremony. I knew I would cry. I have asked for copies of both the readings as they were so heart wrenchingly apt.
We found our band, The Redfords, through Rock My Wedding. We really wanted a good knees up in the evening and wanted a band that could bring the party. The Redfords did it in bucket loads. They played 3 long sets of quality wedding tunes that kept people dancing and cracked out a fancy dress box half way through which our guests loved and made for some great photos (think grandma with pink feather boa and oversized novelty glasses). We had so much fun and were gutted for it to come to an end – so much so that we continued an acapella version of Hey Jude while they packed up! We had a photo booth in the day time, that my photographer friend and best man Miles put together. We were expecting a camera on a tripod but he took it so much further and built a bespoke frame to house a camera, flash, screen and a printer for instant prints. He even had his brother develop the software. Thanks Miles!
The tasting session at The Bell was a real treat. We were greeted with real warmth, the food, as always was delightful and without much deliberation we decided to leave the car there and enjoy tasting all the free prosecco and delicious wine we could muster. We went for a cured salmon started with an avocado puree which felt fresh and summery. For the main we chose a beef steak with the most amazing creamy dauphine potatoes and seasonal veg and for the show stopping pud we had a lemon posset with granola and edible flowers. Harriet’s cousin Najla made our wedding cakes and they were incredible! Chocolate sponge with a pavlova top and the most beautiful decoration known to man. Lots of pretty flowers and melted yummies.
The Photography
Being a photographer myself, the first question everyone asked me was “who’s going to do your photos??” The reality is that my genre of photography (architectural) is so different to wedding photography and I have the upmost respect for those brave enough to take on weddings! Obviously, it was one of the first things I was keen to organise and with only 9 months to plan a summer wedding, I knew we would have to be quick to get someone available for a Saturday in July. We were so pleased to find Jackson and Co were available for our dates. I absolutely loved their portfolio, every image was flooded with emotion and I knew we would end up with a set of images that we could relive the day though over the years. One of the first things they did was send us the full sets of a couple of other weddings at The Bell, so we knew they could deliver in our venue. They were really excited about the prospect to go back to it, too. I couldn’t recommend Michael and Hannah enough, we are so pleased with our photos and loved having them there with us on the day.
Bride: Willowby By Watters | Boutique: Pantiles Bride | Groom: Beggar's Run | Shoes: Oliver Sweeney | Venue: The Bell Ticehurst | Flowers: Florist In The Forest | Bridesmaids: ASOS | Groomsmen: Next | Page Boys: Zara | Band: The Redfords
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Redditch Foodbank doubles storage capacity
The Redditch Foodbank has doubled its storage capacity to offer significantly more scope as referrals increase, with more families than ever in food crisis seeking help.
Between April 2018 and March 2019, the Foodbank fed 2,346 people compared an equivalent period of September 2014 to 2015, when they fed 1,436 people, demonstrating the scale of increase and the challenge faced by many people today across the borough.
A key partner is Oakland International, which has housed the Foodbank at its Beoley facility since it opened in 2013. Working in partnership with the Redditch Foodbank, which is part of a nationwide network of foodbanks, supported by The Trussell Trust, the foodbank uses Oakland International’s distribution hub in Beoley, Redditch to sort, store and distribute food. A multi temperature food storage, logistics and distribution business Oakland International provides its facilities free of charge.
Oakland International Strategic Development Manager Peter Vaughan commented: “As a family business Oakland International firmly believes businesses should play a leading role in supporting the community.
“The Redditch Foodbank had outgrown their original location so having identified a much larger area within our Beoley warehouse we were able to upgrade the Foodbank to a new facility which offers significantly more storage space for their expanding operations.”
From April 2018 to March 2019 of the 2,346 people fed by the Foodbank, 640 were children. 20% of the UK population live below the poverty line, including 8 million working-age adults, 4 million children and 1.9 million pensioners.
Richard Sturdey from the Redditch Foodbank commented: “We value the incredible generosity and support given to the Foodbank by Oakland International.
“We appreciate the new facility which has created a more efficient working environment and enabled us to process over 13 tonnes of donations during the Christmas period. Thanks to this partnership we were also able to pack and distribute 100 Christmas hampers to support local families in crisis.”
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Home > Journals > Chemistry & Materials Science > OJCM
Open Journal of Composite Materials > Vol.7 No.4, August 2017
Improvement of Bending Strength of Carbon Fiber/Thermoplastic Epoxy Composites
—Effects of Molecular Weight of Epoxy on Carbon Fiber/Matrix Interfacial Strength and Connection of Cracks in Matrix ()
Hironori Nishida1,3, Kazuya Okubo2, Toru Fujii2, Valter Carvelli4
1Graduate School of Doshisha University, Tatara Kyotanabe, Kyoto, Japan.
2Department of Mechanical Engineering and Systems, Doshisha University, Tatara Kyotanabe, Kyoto, Japan.
3Western Region Industrial Research Center, Hiroshima Prefectural Technology Research Institute, Kure, Hiroshima, Japan.
4Department of A.B.C., Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy.
DOI: 10.4236/ojcm.2017.74014 PDF HTML XML 903 Downloads 2,029 Views Citations
The bending strength of carbon fiber/thermoplastic epoxy composites (CF/TP-EP Compo.) had bi-linear increasewith increase of weight-average molecular weight (Mw) of matrix. The transition in the bending strength appeared at around 55k of Mw (“k” means 103). SEM observation of fractured surface of CF/TP-EP Compo. showed that the fracture mode changed from interfacial failure to fiber breakage dominated failure. The smooth surface of carbon fibers appeared at lower Mw than 55k while some resin remained on the fibers indicating good adhesion between carbon fiber and matrix at higher Mw than 55k. The interfacial shear strength between carbon fiber and matrix bi-linearly increased with an increase of Mw similarly to the bending strength of the composite, measured by the micro droplet test. The dynamic loss tanδ of the matrix measured at 2 Hz also showed a bi-linear relationship with respect to Mw having a knee point at Mw = 55k. The connection probability of two cracks introduced on each side of specimens also confirmed that the interfacial strength between carbon fiber and matrix is the key for the mechanical performance of CF/TP-EP Compo. in bending.
Thermoplastic Epoxy Composites, Weight-Average Molecular Weight, Interfacial Shear Strength, Crack Propagation, Crack Connecting Probability
Nishida, H. , Okubo, K. , Fujii, T. and Carvelli, V. (2017) Improvement of Bending Strength of Carbon Fiber/Thermoplastic Epoxy Composites
—Effects of Molecular Weight of Epoxy on Carbon Fiber/Matrix Interfacial Strength and Connection of Cracks in Matrix. Open Journal of Composite Materials, 7, 207-217. doi: 10.4236/ojcm.2017.74014.
Recent developments in carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastics (CFRTP) have attracted more interest of aerospace, automotive industries [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] . Due to the use of thermoplastics (TP), CFRTP has superior advantages such as higher toughness, better recyclability and shorter production time than thermoset plastics based composites. Much effort was made to bring the full potential of CFRTP out as well as to reduce their cost. However, the viscosity of conventional thermoplastics even at higher melting temperature is much higher than that of thermoset plastics such as epoxy and vinyl ester. Such high viscosity of TP makes the resin infusion process difficult, resulting poor impregnation of the resin into carbon fibers. Therefore, various impregnation methods have been studied. A method was proposed for reducing the viscosity of TP with a solvent [8] . However, the solvent must be removed during fabricating the composite. Spraying TP powders as well as commingled yarns with TP fibers were also developed to solve the poor resin impregnation into carbon fibers [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] . Fine TP powders were sprayed on to carbon fibers [10] [11] , but the powders can be easily removed from the fibers.
Recently, CFRTP using in-situ resin have gotten a lot of attention [14] [15] , in which thermoplastic epoxy (TP-EP) was used. TP-EP is without crosslinked structure. Weight-average molecular weight (Mw) of TP-EP depends on the polymerization temperature and the polymerization time [16] . The mechanical properties of TP-EP strongly depend on Mw [17] [18] . (Mw takes into account the molecular weight of a chain in determining the average molecular weight. When the chain is massive, the chain contribution to Mw increases. Mw is often used in the evaluation of the physical properties of the resin.) The bending strength of carbon fiber/thermoplastic epoxy composites (CF/TP-EP Compo.) increased with an increase of Mw as shown in Figure 1. The transition in the bending strength appeared at around Mw = 55k (“k” means 103). In conjunction with Mw change, fractured surfaces of the composite were different. SEM observations of fractured surface of CF/TP-EP Compo. showed that the fracture mode changed from interfacial failure to fiber breakage dominated failure. Figure 2(a) and Figure 2(b) show the enlarged fractured surfaces of two samples. Smooth surface of carbon fibers appears in the case of lower Mw than 55k while some resin still sticks on the carbon fibers when Mw is higher than 55k [19] .
However, no mechanisms have been well understood for the above results
Figure 1. Variations of bending strength with respect to Mw.
Figure 2. Fractured surfaces of specimens after three-point bending test. (a) Mw = 36k; (b) Mw = 100k.
(Figure 1). In order to establish the right mechanism, additional mechanical tests are necessary, revealing the effect of Mw on the bending strength of CFRTP using TP-EP. Some relationships such as the one between Mw and interfacial strength of carbon fiber and TP-EP must be helpful for considering the above goal. The investigation also focuses on the crack propagation in fiber yarns embedded specimens for different Mw of matrix.
2. Materials and Experimental Method
2.1. Materials
Plain weave carbon fiber fabric (Mitsubishi Rayon TR3110MS) was used as reinforcement (yarn TR30S 3L, linear density 1.79 g/cm3, pick and end counts 12.5 inch, areal weight 200 g/m2). Thermoplastic epoxy resin (DENATITE XNR 6850A, ACCELERATOR XNH 6850B; supplied by Nagase ChemteX Corporation, Japan) was used as matrix (Glass transition temperature: Tg was approximately 100˚C).
2.2. Micro-Droplet Tests
It is well known that the interfacial strength between reinforcing fiber and polymer matrix is the key for the mechanical performance of composites. Therefore, we conducted micro-droplet tests to directly measure the interfacial shear strength between carbon fiber and TP-EP. Figure 3 shows a scheme of the micro-droplet test setup. Both ends of a single carbon fiber were fixed on a sheet of paper using an epoxy-based adhesive. One micro-droplet of TP-EP was attached to the single carbon fiber by a needle attached on a soldering copper. The fiber was pulled out from the droplet at a speed of 0.12 mm/min. Since the maximum load for each test was widely scattered, twenty samples were tested. Equation (1) was used to estimate the interfacial shear strength ( ):
: interfacial shear strength [MPa];
: Pullout load [N];
: Fiber diameter [mm];
: Embedded length [mm].
Figure 3. Specimen for micro-droplet test.
2.3. Dynamic Viscoelasticity Tests
Solid TP-EP is generally brittle at low Mw. It becomes tough with an increase of Mw, which indicates that the viscosity measured under cyclic loading could be reflect the level of Mw. Based on this idea, we measured the damping of CF/TP-EP Compo. by the dynamic viscoelasticity test.
First, CF/TP-EP Compo. laminates were made by the following procedure:
1) The resin, “XNR6850A”, was heated by using an electric oven at 120˚C;
2) When the temperature of the resin reached 105˚C, the accelerator “XNH6850B” was added to the resin with stirring;
3) The plain weave carbon fabric was impregnated with the TP-EP resin by hand lay-up;
4) CF/TP-EP Compo. prepreg impregnated with the thermoplastic epoxy resin in the state of oligomer was polymerized at a given temperature in an electric oven;
5) The obtained prepreg was cut into 245 × 245 mm and dried at 50˚C for 12 hours;
6) CF/TP-EP Compo. laminates were prepared by press molding with 10 layers of dry prepreg at 175˚C - 195˚C and 6 - 12 MPa on a heat-press device.
Then, the laminate was cut into specimens whose dimensions were shown in Figure 4. Double lap specimens were assembled using parallel sided laminates, aluminum plates, bolts of M6, nuts, washers and aluminum collars as shown in Figure 5. Two strain gages were glued on the aluminum plate and CF/TP-EP Compo. laminate of each specimen to measure the longitudinal strain variation with respect to time under cyclic loading. Here, the specimens were cyclically pulled at 2 Hz of frequency and 0.1 of stress ratio.
Finally, the hysteresis loop of each specimen in the stress-stain relation was plotted to estimate tan (δ) reflecting the degree of viscosity of the laminate. The tangent of loss angle designated as tan (δ) was calculated by the following Equation (2) [20] :
UH: Hysteresis loss [MPa] = Loop area;
σ0: Mean stress amplitude [MPa];
ε0: Mean strain amplitude [−].
Figure 4. Geometry of CFRTP specimen.
Figure 5. Geometry of specimen for measurement of tan(δ).
2.4. Matrix Crack Tests around the Carbon Fiber
In order to identify the difference in the matrix behavior around a single fiber due to Mw, tensile tests were conducted for TP-EP where a single fiber had been embedded in the longitudinal direction parallel to the loading direction. Single carbon fiber embedded specimens were made by the following procedure. First, a single carbon fiber was extracted from the carbon fiber cloth as explained in Section 2.1. Next, the single carbon fiber was placed on a release agent treated aluminum plate while a slight tension load was applied to the fiber. Then, TP-EP resin was poured onto the plate where the single fiber was set. The plate was kept in an electric oven for a predetermined time and temperature to get the specified Mw. After polymerization, TP-EP plate where a single carbon fiber had been embedded was removed from the aluminum plate. The TP-EP plate was cut into specimens shown in Figure 6. By observing with a polarizing microscope in the specimen under loading, the change in stress state around the carbon fiber was visualized.
2.5. Crack Path Observation across Fiber Yarn from a Notch or Two-Sided Notches
Transverse matrix cracks/fiber deboning perpendicular to the loading direction generally initiate in the weakest layer prior to the final failure. As the applied tensile load increases they grow along the fiber yarn(s) at an early stage of loading without cutting the yarn(s) if the interfacial strength between fiber and polymer matrix is weak. On the other hand, they are arrested and created an obstacle to the crack propagation if the interfacial strength is strong. Then, they straightly grow and cross the fiber yarn(s), cutting the yarn(s), resulting in the final failure of the composite. In this test, we expect to reveal how Mw affects the crack growth across the carbon fiber yarn. Two types of test specimens shown in Figure 7 were prepared. The fabrication process of the specimens is almost the same as Section 2.4. Instead of a single carbon fiber, a 3K fiber yarn was used. Specimen for test A had a pre-crack introduced by the razor blade at the tip of the notch while specimen for test B had two pre-cracks alternately introduced by the razor blade at the notches tip. The offset distances (α) between two notches were altered 0, 1 and 3 mm. The Digital Image Correlation (DIC) method was used to know the strain distribution on
Figure 6. Geometry of single carbon fiber embedded specimens.
Figure 7. Geometry of a carbon fiber yarn embedded specimens. (a) One notch specimen for Test A; (b) Two sided notches specimen for Test B.
the specimens. The connection probability of two cracks was defined as the probability the two side cracks connect each other during loading.
3.1. Interfacial Strength of Carbon Fiber/Matrix
Figure 8 shows the relationship between Mw and interfacial shear strength estimated from the micro-droplet test. The relationship can be represented by a bi-linear curve where the transition Mw is about 55k. The interfacial strength does not increase with an increase of Mw beyond this point. A good correlation exists between two relationships, interfacial shear strength vs. Mw and bending strength vs. Mw. As well known that, bending strength decrease if the interfacial strength decreases due to less stress re-distribution ability. The variation of bending strength of CF/TP-EP Compo. with respect to Mw is due to the interfacial strength variation with respect to Mw. Highly polymerization of the matrix is effective to increase the interfacial shear strength between the carbon fiber and TP-EP although it has not been clear why the interfacial strength increases with an increase of Mw. Figure 9 shows the SEM photographs of fractured surface of micro-droplets after the micro-droplet test. Smooth surface of carbon fiber was observed with resin of Mw = 25k (Figure 9(a)), while considering Mw = 90k, better adhesion is confirmed by some residual matrix still bounded to the fiber (Figure 9(b)).
Figure 8. Micro-droplet test: interfacial shear strength vs. Mw.
Figure 9. Carbon fiber surfaces after micro-droplet test. (a) Mw = 25k; (b) Mw = 90k.
3.2. The Tangent of the Loss Angle tan(δ)
Figure 10 shows a hysteresis loop obtained by the dynamic viscoelasticity test. The hysteresis losses for Mw = 46k, 80k and 122k were 0.24, 0.56 and 1.46 [kPa], respectively. Figure 11 shows relationship between Mw and tan(δ) of the matrix calculated on the basis of this hysteresis loss. Tan(δ) of the matrix was improved due to increase of the Mw of the matrix. The correlation between adhesion of polymer material and tan(δ) had been reported in previous study [20] . This shows the enhancement of the adhesion between carbon fiber and matrix in CFRTP, as in the present investigation.
3.3. Crack Initiation of Matrix around Carbon Fiber
Figure 12 shows, for Mw = 43k, cracks in the matrix when 0.25% extension strain was imparted to the test piece, and thereafter the failure immediately after extension strain reached 1.50%. When the Mw of the matrix was Mw = 89k, cracks of the matrix occurred at 1.50% extension strain ;thereafter when extension strain was 2.00% the fiber break occurred and for a strain level of 4.60%, the specimen failed. From this, it was considered that occurrence of initial cracks in the matrix around the carbon fibers was delayed when the Mw of the matrix was high.
3.4. Observing Path of Crack Propagation
Figure 13 shows the maximum principle strain distribution for specimens with
Figure 10. Hysteresis loop (Mw = 122k).
Figure 11. Relationship between tangent of loss angle (tanδ) and Mw.
Figure 12. States of matrix cracks around carbon fiber.
Mw were 35k and 73k, respectively. In the case of Mw = 35k , matrix with low Mw, the crack reached the surface of the carbon fiber yarn with remarkable strain concentration when the applied nominal tensile stress reached about 3 MPa. After that, when the stress reached about 11 MPa, the macro crack propagated along the carbon fiber yarn and the fracture immediately occurred. On the other hand, in the case of high Mw (73k),
Figure 13. Paths of matrix crack propagation around carbon fiber yarn. A: Condition where crack reached the carbon fiber surface; B: Condition just before breaking of specimen; C: Status of specimen after fracture.
cracks do not progress even when the tensile stress reaches about 3 MPa. When the stress was about 8MPa, cracks reached the surface of the carbon fiber yarn. From those observations, it was found that the cracks interfacial propagating along the fiber yarn prevented as the Mw of the matrix was increased.
3.5. Investigation of Probability of Matrix Crack Connection
Figure 14 shows the relationship between the probability of matrix crack connection and offset distance of the carbon fiber embedded specimen with notches on both sides. In the case that the notches offset distance (α) was 0 mm, matrix cracks connection was not significantly affected by the Mw of the matrix. On the other hand, in the case of the offset distance (α) were 1 mm and 3 mm, the connection probability of the cracks was decreased with increasing Mw of the matrix. This is related to the improvement of the interfacial shear strength with the increase in the molecular weight of the matrix leading to the modification of the crack path. Therefore, we can suppose that the increase of bending strength of CFRTP observed in Figure 1 is due to the delay of the connection of micro cracks in the matrix when high-polymerization of the matrix was successively achieved.
-The crack propagation path changed by improving the interfacial shear strength due to an increase in the Mw of matrix.
-The occurrence of cracks in the matrix around carbon fibers were delayed by an increase in Mw of matrix.
Figure 14. Comparisons of probabilities of crack connections.
-The bending strength of CFRTP was improved due to the delay of the connection of micro cracks in the matrix when high-polymerization of the matrix was successively achieved.
The authors are grateful for support of Doshisha University Research & Development Center for Advanced Composite Materials and Nagase Chemtex Corporation, Japan.
We thank helpful contributions in the experiments by Mr. Keisuke Nagai and Mr. Souichirou Imagawa who were graduate students of Doshisha University.
[1] Erber, A. and Spitko, S. (2014) Expanded Role for Thermoplastic Composites, Reinforced Plastics, 58, 29-33.
[2] Brady, P. and Brady, M. (2007) Automotive Composites: Which Way Are We Going? Reinforced Plastics, 51, 32-35.
[3] Brady, M. and Brady, P. (2007) Automotive Composites—the Search for Efficiency, Value and Performance. Reinforced Plastics, 51, 26-29.
[4] Stewart, R. (2010) Automotive Composites Offer Lighter Solutions. Reinforced Plastics, 54, 22-28.
[5] Marsh, G. (2013) Composites Poised to Transform Airline Economics. Reinforced Plastics, 57, 18-24.
[6] Klimke, J. and Rothmann, D. (2010) Carbon Composite Materials in Modern Yacht Building. Reinforced Plastics, 54, 24-27.
[7] Brady, M. and Brady, P. (2010) Technology Developments in Automotive Composites. Reinforced Plastics, 54, 25-29.
[8] Liu, B., Xu, A. and Bao, L. (2015) Preparation of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Thermoplastics with High Fiber Volume Fraction and High Heat-Resistant Properties. Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials, 30, 724-737.
[9] Xu, A., Bao, L., Nishida, M. and Yamanaka, A. (2013) Molding of PBO Fabric Reinforced Thermoplastic Composite to Achieve High Fiber Volume Fraction. Polymer Composites, 34, 953-958.
https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.22501
[10] Chen, J.H., Schulz, E., Bohse, J. and Hinrichsen, G. (1999) Effect of Fiber Content on the Interlaminar Fracture Toughness of Unidirectional Glass/Fiber Polyamide Composite. Composites: Part A, 30, 747-755.
[11] Mohanty, A.K., Drzal, L.T. and Misra, M. (2002) Engineered Natural Fiber Reinforced Polypropylene Composites Influence of Surface Modifications and Novel Powder Impregnation Processing. Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology, 16, 999-1015.
[12] Long, A.C., Wilks, C.E. and Rudd, C.D. (2001) Experimental Characterization of the Consolidation of a Commingled Glass/Polypropylene Composite. Composites Science and Technology, 61, 1591-1603.
[13] Ye, L., Friedrich, K., Kastel, J. and Mai, Y. (1995) Consolidation of Unidirectional CF/PEEK Composites from Commingled Yarn Prepreg. Composites Science and Technology, 54, 349-358.
[14] Ben, G. and Sakata, K. (2015) Fast Fabrication Method and Evaluation of Performance of Hybrid FRTPs for Applying Them to Automotive Structural Members. Composite Structures, 133, 1160-1167.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2015.07.093
[15] Hirabayashi, A., Ben, G. and Ozeki, H. (2013) Heat Resistance Properties of FRTP Composed of In-Situ Polymerization PA6 and CF and GF Fabrics. Proceedings of 19th International Conference on Composite Materials, Montreal, 23 July-2 August 2013, 1581-1588.
[16] Nishida, H. (2015) The Development of Thermoplastic Epoxy Resin and Continuous Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastics Using it. Journal of the Adhesion Society of Japan, 51, 516-523.
[17] Imanishi, T., Nishida, H., Hirayama, N. and Tomomitsu, N. (2007) In Situ Polymerizable Thermoplastic Epoxy Resin and High Performance FRTP Using It and Fiber Fabrics. Proceedings of 16th International Conference on Composite Materials, Kyoto, 8-13 July 2007, 194-195.
[18] Nishida, H. (2011) Aiming to Create Novel Composites. Journal of the Adhesion Society of Japan, 47, 361-368.
https://doi.org/10.11618/adhesion.47.361
[19] Nagai, K., Nishida, H., Okubo, K. and Fujii, T. (2016) Static and Fatigue Bending Properties of CFRTP with Highly Polymerized Thermo-Plastic Epoxy for Matrix. Proceedings of the 10th Asian-Australasian Conference on Composite Materials, Busan, 16-19 October 2016, File.T15-3.
[20] Jensen, M.K., Bach, A., Hassager, O. and Skov, A.L. (2009) Linear Rheology of Cross Linked Polypropylene Oxide as a Pressure Sensitive Adhesive. International Journal of Adhesion & Adhesives, 29, 687-669.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2008.10.005
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Temperature In Antarctica Crosses 20°C For The First Time Ever, Scientists Call It 'Abnormal'
Meenu Katariya
19 shares | 2414 views
The Antarctic recorded a temperature of more than 20 degree Celsius for the first time ever on record, on 9th February. The unusually high temperatures were recorded by Brazilian scientists on Seymour Island.
Source: unilad
The temperature of 20.75 degree Celsius smashed the previous record of 19.8 degree Celsius, recorded on Signy Island in January 1982.
Source: shine
Recently, another record was broken when an Argentinian research station at Esperanza measured 18.3 degree Celsius, the highest reading on the continental Antarctic peninsula.
#Antártida | Nuevo récord de temperaturas 🌡️
Este mediodía la Base #Esperanza registró un nuevo récord histórico (desde 1961) de temperatura, con 18,3°C. Con este valor se supera el récord anterior de 17,5°C del 24 en marzo de 2015. Y no fue el único récord... pic.twitter.com/rhKsPFytCb
— SMN Argentina (@SMN_Argentina) February 6, 2020
Though these numbers are in line with the rising temperatures across the Antarctic peninsula, they will need to be confirmed by the World Meterological Organisation.
If confirmed, this can be a cause of worry across the continent. Netizens took to social media to express their concern over rising temperatures in the Antarctic region.
20,7°C on Seymour Island off Antarctica... https://t.co/OiIdlQIl6A
— Greta Thunberg (@GretaThunberg) February 13, 2020
This week, a Brazilian researcher in Antarctica recorded a temperature of 69°F (20.75°C) — if confirmed, it is the hottest temperature ever measured on the continent.
The previous record was *just last week*: 65°F (18.3°C)
We are in a climate emergency.https://t.co/sgsh4txFRg
— Eric Holthaus (@EricHolthaus) February 13, 2020
Antarctica has registered a temperature of more than 20C for the first time on record. “We are seeing the warming trend in many of the sites we are monitoring, but we have never seen anything like this.”@jonathanwattshttps://t.co/S4QqxFWFtE
— Climate Council (@climatecouncil) February 14, 2020
I swam in East Antarctica to demonstrate how it is changing.
Argentinian scientists have just logged a record air temperature of 18.3°C on the Antarctic Peninsula.
We need urgent and ambitious action to tackle this climate crisis! #Antarctica2020 pic.twitter.com/KmxR5JrDZr
— Lewis Pugh (@LewisPugh) February 7, 2020
From the @washingtonpost: Antarctica has broken its warmest temperature ever recorded. A reading of 65 degrees was taken at Esperanza Base along Antarctica’s Trinity Peninsula on Thursday, making it the ordinarily frigid contingent’s highest measured temperature in history. It beats out the previous record of 63.5 degrees, which occurred on March 24, 2015. The Antarctic peninsula, on which Thursday’s anomaly was recorded, is one of the fastest-warming regions in the world. In just the past 50 years, temperatures have surged a staggering 5 degrees in response to earth’s swiftly-warming climate. Read more by clicking the link in the @washingtonpost bio.
A post shared by Leonardo DiCaprio (@leonardodicaprio) on Feb 7, 2020 at 1:58pm PST
What scares me about the heat record of 18.3°C in the Antarctic isn't only the thought what the place will look like in 20 or 30 years, but what will happen to human society unless we rapidly reduce resource consumption and end racism/fashism.
One without the other won't do. pic.twitter.com/hiFkFdNfQu
— Carola Rackete (@CaroRackete) February 8, 2020
This is fucking horrifying. This translates to about 70F....in the ANTARCTIC https://t.co/s2Wr0w8CMP
— Luci Ray (@LuciRay22) February 13, 2020
The high temperatures have been described as ‘incredible and abnormal’ by scientists who have been monitoring climate change in the region.
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Blood And Thunder May Distract From Points
December 19, 2011 in RaboDirect PRO12, Scotland National Team
1872 Cup 'clash' - image courtesy of SRU and PA images
There will be not billboard featuring Dougie Hall in black and blue, arms unfurled, above the immortal line “Welcome To Glasgow!”. There will be no pigs heads thrown onto the pitch. There will be no flares. There will be no drive-bys. What this coastal rivalry shall have, though, is keenly contested rugby.
On Boxing Day we will see the first game in the 1872 Cup.
East versus West. The risk takers versus the pragmatists. Scotland’s first choice front-row versus a few aiming for future Scotland selection. A couple of stand-offs banging down Andy Robinson’s door. These games represent something of a battle for supremacy and it certainly means an awful lot in terms of season 2011/2012.
Last year, for example, the 1872 Cup served as a bit of a distraction for both teams. Neither were doing particularly well in the Heineken Cup by that stage and neither were doing very well in the league. Across the board form was hard to gauge and so Scottish selectors heavily relied on the 1872 Cup for their trial ground. The players could tell themselves form wasn’t important because they were playing their rivals. They were playing their rivals and it stood for something. Sure there was a Cup, but there were international spots at stake too.
It is still the same this year, but the rugby landscape is somewhat different. Glasgow have been playing rugby by the girdle: lacking expansion at times and restricted to kicks and last minute tries. It has, however, proven successful and their blended squad of youth and experienced scrappers have closed out games in both the RaboDirect Pro12 and the Heineken Cup. They are even now trying to remedy their try-scoring issues by signing up runners like David Lemi and Rory Lamont mid way through the season. Sean Lamont is lined up for next term.
For Edinburgh they are doing well in the Heineken Cup but are five places below Glasgow in the Pro12. This being said, no one has scored more tries in the league than Edinburgh who have racked up 22 tries compared to Glasgow, the league’s worst scorers after the Dragons, who only have 11 tries to their name. Tim Visser is the embodiment of Edinburgh’s risky, running rugby with 8 scores for himself. Troy Nathan is Glasgow’s Rabo leader with 2. This tells its own story.
Still, Glasgow will not be disheartened by information like this. That is because their young fly-half Duncan Weir is the top points scorer in the league with 128points to his name already. Who is second? Greig Laidlaw with 105.
In the end a lot may come down to how the Edinburgh offload specialists play against Glasgow’s defence and how disciplined Edinburgh are when Glasgow are pounding into their territory. If the game is played in and around Edinburgh’s half and there is no discipline Weir can kick points all day, regardless of how far away they are. On the other hand, if Glasgow don’t hold out in defence then Laidlaw will happily wait until his side are within 20m of the try-line. When there he has the luxury of letting his flyers fling the ball about because from that range he can slot drop-kicks or hold out for penalties.
This game will be truly fascinating. Glasgow drag teams into a game that suits their style and have the wherewithal to close matches out. They have not played against a team as capable of scoring tries as Edinburgh are, though, except for when they met Leinster in Europe. On that occasion they were obliterated by the Irish side’s rapid attacks.
This first game will be hard to predict. This week will see unrelenting fits of marketing and publicity surrounding the games and talk will turn to how heated exchanges may become. This is publicity preamble. In truth it will be the team that holds their shape and coolly sees out their respective game plan that will take the first game and thus become favourites. If Edinburgh blitz into the lead Glasgow may struggle to garner enough points to retain their 1872 Cup. However, if the Warriors win at Murrayfield on the 26th, I for one wouldn’t be surprised if they squeeze out a series victory at Firhill.
Tags: 1872 Cup
Dundonian Alan has played rugby all over the world for various teams including Dundee High School, Heriot's and the Scottish Club International. Now writing from London he covers all issues international and unreported.
One comment on “Blood And Thunder May Distract From Points”
Andy on December 19th, 2011 - 8:09pm
I’ve got Glasgow ahead in the tight 5
Edinburgh ahead in the back row, but Beattie may just be finding form.
Pretty even at 9/10 and probably where the most direct competition for 6N places will occur with 3 10’s with a chance of playing 10 for Scotland. (Weir is the best imho)
Elsewhere, Edinburgh have the edge.
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Writing in a Whirlwind Year: Five-Part Newsletter Series
Scribble Ink is 11! It's been an amazing decade (and some change), and most of us, 2020 and moving into 2021 will be the making of a very complicated GCSE essay question!
It's been tough. It's been exhausting. It's been frustrating. However, 2020 has also been an opportunity for self-reflection, pivots and growth. In the lead-up to celebrating Scribble Ink's 11th birthday, I wrote a five-part newsletter series, giving an honest account of uphill personal battles and the lessons learned from 2020 which I'll be taking with me into 2021 and beyond. A huge thanks to the thousands of readers who opened, clicked and shared the series. For those in the mood for a binge-read, scoff the whole lot by clicking the links below.
Part 1: T'was the eve before lockdown. I'd settled into my onesie and slippers, safe in the knowledge I'd had a successful few weeks: I'd been offered a fantastic opportunity to work as a Creative Learning and Programme Officer at the Stratford Circus Arts Centre and the Scribble Ink Academy 12-week Creative Enterprise programme I'd been working on for the longest time was FINALLY given the green light; content was created, sessions were planned, dates were set, venues were booked, and reservations were bursting at the seams. And then...READ MORE...
Part 2: I'm delighted to inform you that since I've been living under a rock, the following has been achieved...READ MORE...
Part 3: I wrote part two to keep you informed of my progress and hopefully to offer a bit of encouragement, but don't get it twisted, there were some dark days, some 'I can't be bothered' moments, irritating circumstances and lessons to take forward...READ MORE...
Part 4: For me, 2020 will forever be known as 'the year of the pivot.' I wanted to take advantage of my time at home by exploring the best practices for working smart, not hard, for the sake of propelling Scribble Ink and my writing to new heights. As mentioned in the earlier parts of this newsletter series, lightbulb moments were had and lessons - whether new discoveries or harsh reminders - were learned. Here are some tips that I know will remain post-covid-apocalypse...READ MORE...
Part 5: So this concludes my five-part newsletter series and is also the day we celebrate Scribble Ink turning eleven! Eleven years! If she were a person, she'd be getting ready for secondary school. Our baby's all grown up! The evolution of the writers' revelation revolution is the stuff dreams are made of. Yes, there have been challenges, slow starts and a wealth of pivotal moments, but every twist and turn is a lesson learned and every lesson learned makes for excellent storytelling - nothing has been wasted. ...READ MORE...
I hope my earnest and heartfelt series has brought us closer - encouraged you, inspired you, and at the very least, reassured you that I have not been abducted by aliens!
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Collaborative justice courts use a multidisciplinary, non-adversarial team approach with involvement from the court, attorneys, law enforcement, and community treatment and service agencies. Collaborative justice courts receive guidance from the National Association of Drug Court Professionals Defining Drug Courts: The Key Components. This resource elaborates on the purpose of and performance measurements for drug court. For more information about Collaborative Justice Courts visit the California Courts website.
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> Reviews by Author > Uncle Jasper's Reviews > Uncle Jasper reviews: Scream Blacula Scream (1973)
Uncle Jasper reviews: Scream Blacula Scream (1973)
Scream Blacula Scream (1973)
AKA Blacula II, Blacula Is Beautiful, Blacula Lives Again!, The Name Is Blacula
Starring William Marshall, Don Mitchell, Pam Grier, Michael Conrad, Richard Lawson, Lynne Moody, Janee Michelle
Directed By Bob Kelljan
I have to admit I was pretty nervous about gearing down to review Scream Blacula Scream, 1973’s follow up to the surprise horror-blaxploitation hit, Blacula. I was almost certain I’d have to go through the motions and crank out the typical “Shoddy, uninspired sequel to surprisingly good b-movie” review. Luckily that isn’t the case here. William Marshall turns in a performance that is every bit as classic as the original. And well, this time we have Pam Grier along for the ride… and she does voodoo! And Blacula kicks the shit out of pimps! But let’s not get too far ahead of ourselves here.
This time around, the elder of a cult of voodoo practitioners lies dying and passes her own son up by naming Lisa (Pam Grier) her successor. The son (played here by Richard Lawson), understandably pissed off to no end, swears revenge on that “skinny, jive-ass bitch”. Now, in most circles revenge would entail taking sharp keys to your enemies’ car, or throwing eggs at his house. But in the world of voodoo, revenge consists of buying the bones of Blacula from some old man with a necklace made out of tiger teeth and resurrecting him by sacrificing a dove and drinking its blood… Yeah, you don’t want to mess with those voodoo guys. Thinking that the ritual didn’t work, the son pops open a Coors and sulks in his living room, only to have Blacula pop out of nowhere and feast on some of that sweet, red nectar.
Lisa’s boyfriend Justin throws a party to display his impressive collection of African artifacts. This of course piques the interest of Blacula, who under the guise of his former identity of Prince Mamuwalde, shows up as usual in his full vampire getup. Look… by this time you just have to accept the fact that Blacula isn’t going to even attempt to conceal the fact that he is a vampire, and everybody is going to be completely oblivious to this guy poking around in his cape and the finest in 18th century fashion. He wows the partygoers with his remarkable knowledge of African history and is equally impressed by Lisa’s prowess in the dark arts of voodoo. She inspires him to cure his evil curse and forever rid himself of his vampire bloodlust through a voodoo ceremony.
Meanwhile Justin, who also happens to work part-time on the police force, pins the string of recent murders on Blacula. This leads to another classic “battle of wits” scene between Justin and Blacula that is just as good, if not better than the one in the first film. I think it’s safe to say that Blacula’s downfall will forever be connected to his insistence on getting mixed up with women who are involved with police investigators. This all leads to the exciting climax with Lisa attempting to exorcise the curse of Blacula from Mamuwalde while the police storm his mansion, fighting their way through his vampire horde.
Also noteworthy is the aforementioned scene where Blacula finds himself wandering alone through a red-light district at night. He turns down the advances of a prostitute and then is accosted by her pimps. He delivers a powerful speech, condemning the pimps as “still being slaves, imitating their slave masters” before backhanding them through a window.
Overall the plot is thinner this time around, but the action, performances, and dialogue are up to par with the first film. All the wild voodoo stuff is fresh and welcome as well. Pam is always good, but some may be put off by her role here as the vulnerable female victim. Those looking for shotgun-toting Pam are best advised to look elsewhere.
Although other sequels were originally planned, this film would sadly mark the end of the Blacula series. It’s funny because as a kid, my only memories of William Marshall were his appearances on Pee-Wee’s Playhouse as the King of Cartoons. It’s only when I finally got around to seeing these films that I realized just what a terrific actor this guy actually was. He almost singlehandedly lent credibility and sophistication to a series of films that were never really intended to be as good as they actually turned out to be.
May 20, 2010 Uncle Jasper 1970s, Blaxploitation, Horror, Movie Reviews, Uncle Jasper's Reviews
1973, Blacula, Bob Kelljan, Don Mitchell, Janee Michelle, Lynne Moody, Michael Conrad, Pam Grier, Richard Lawson, William Marshall
Leave a Reply! Comments are always much appreciated! Cancel reply
3 thoughts on “Uncle Jasper reviews: Scream Blacula Scream (1973)”
dangerousmeredith says:
I actually saw this film just a couple of weeks ago. I found it to be quite watchable. William Marshall is impressive – he manages to convey a lot of dignity and this helps him carry the role off
Uncle Jasper says:
Glad you finally got around to it! I can’t say enough about William Marshall. Truly a fantastic actor who never got the recognition he deserved.
Will Silver says:
Finally got around to watching this and really enjoyed it. The voodoo stuff was great, especially the resurrection of Blacula towards the beginning. Much better than I expected it to be.
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NSW Government – Rail Sector
“Sine brought contractor induction times down from 15 minutes to under 60 seconds!”
Location Australia
Industry Logistics
Favourite feature Mandatory workflows
NSW Gov - Rail Sector is Australia's largest rail project, delivering 31 stations in Sydney and has the capacity to cater to 40,000 customers per hour.
Sine Workflows inducting contractors in under 60 seconds.
QR codes enabling a quicker and simpler check-in experience.
Geofencing sites allowing contractors to complete inductions before they arrive at site.
Checking in thousands of contractors with digital site inductions
Conducting thousands of construction projects and checking in thousands of individual contractors, the NSW Gov – Rail Sector approached Sine in search of an efficient contractor management system that could manage high volumes of contractors.
The NSW Gov – Rail Sector was facing an issue that large companies have – quickly and efficiently inducting everyone who comes on their sites to work. Thousands of individuals were undergoing verbal inductions which required them to fill out paperwork afterward. The process was repetitive and left them with reams of unsearchable paper records for sites.
It was clear that they needed to find a more streamlined, robust and efficient way to induct people for their projects.
Making full use of Sine Workflows to streamline contractor inductions
NSW Gov – Rail Sector’s original paper-based induction process would take 10-15 minutes per contractor. They would manage upwards of 1000 individual short term sites over the course of a year with tens of thousands of individual contractors working across them.
With Sine, the on-site induction time is reduced to less than a minute and repetitive processes are handled by workflows which are completed once and remain valid for as long as NSW Gov – Rail Sector specify.
“We planned a low key series of trials where we progressively ramped up the features, starting with a small site with only ten staff and ending with a major site with hundreds of workers and full workflow integrations.”
Starting off slow and ramping up over time. NSW Gov – Rail Sector introduced Sine Workflows to a select few sites and then progressively introduced it to all sites with all features.
During the role out process to all sites, contractors were supportive and quickly started asking why the system wasn’t operating at all their sites. Staff were initially more hesitant with it being a whole new way of managing site inductions but as soon as they used the system they found how easy and quick it was making the adoption process quick.
QR codes and geofencing – the perfect combination
On top of the ability to induct contractors in under 60 seconds, NSW Gov – Rail Sector have found that the combination of QR codes and geofencing enable them to completely streamline the entire process of their contractor management.
“The most impressive features of the Sine system are its ease of use, flexibility and scalability. It is equally applicable to short term sites with a handful of staff and huge multi-year construction projects. Sites can be established in the system within minutes. For me, the standout attribute is only needing a QR code on the site boundary to enable the whole site check-in process via a free app.”
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Sonnedix > Newsroom > Sonnedix announces completion of second french portfolio refinancing
Sonnedix announces completion of second french portfolio refinancing
PARIS, France – Sonnedix Group, a global IPP, is pleased to announce the completion of the non-recourse debt refinancing of a portfolio of four solar parks totalling 23.6MW across southern France.
The financing, which is for a total of Euro 93.7 million, is provided by MUFG’s banking arm, Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ, and La Banque Postale.
Sonnedix Group’s CEO, Andreas Mustad, commented “This is the second portfolio refinancing the Group has achieved in France in the past four months. This further demonstrates the strength and quality of our portfolio and the good relationship we’ve developed with our banking partners. I’m particularly pleased that we’ve extended our relationship with MUFG who were part of our previous French portfolio refinancing and with whom we are actively engaged around the world. I would also like to extend a warm welcome to La Banque Postale as a new lending partner to the Group. The refinancing maximises the opportunity that the current favourable market conditions bring, thereby creating real value for our shareholders while reinforcing the long-term stability of our French fleet”.
Philip Roberts, Head of Energy & Natural Resources at MUFG, said, “We are very pleased to havebeen invited to participate in our second French Portfolio refinancing with the Sonnedix Group. Welook forward to further extending our relationship with Sonnedix as it continues to develop and grow around the world”.
Sonnedix was advised by Linklaters (legal advisor) and Astris Finance (financial advisor).
Sonnedix is an Independent Solar Power Producer (IPP) with a proven track record in delivering high performance cost competitive solar photovoltaic plants to the market. Sonnedix develops, builds, owns and operates solar power plants globally. For more information about Sonnedix, please visit www.sonnedix.com
Sonnedix
Jason Rowlands
EVP Organization Development
jason@sonnedix.com
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Sony SupportST-EX77
There is no picture on the television from the Audio/Video stereo system.
The following shows you solutions if you experience problems when connecting a TV and an Audio/Video device via an analog cable (composite or component cable). If there is no picture on the TV screen when using an HDMI cable, refer to: There is no picture when using an HDMI connection.
Make sure your TV has the most recent system software (firmware). System software updates are available for certain LCD Televisions.
If model-specific information is needed to complete any of these steps, refer to the operating instructions for the product.
NOTE: The Connectivity Guide can provide you with a customized hookup based on the available connection jacks on your A/V products.
Check if the input method of the TV corresponds with the connected device.
Check if the TV and the connected device (an Audio/Video device such as a Blu-ray player) are turned on. Press the Input button on the TV's remote control then switch the input method to the one that corresponds with the connected device, and check whether the picture appears on the TV screen.
Example: An Audio/Video device is connected to the composite video input terminal of the TV.→ Press the Input button on the TV's remote control to select Video.
Check if the cable is firmly connected to the TV and the connected device.
There may be a case that audio/video does not output from the TV correctly if the cable connected to the TV and the A/V device gets loose from the terminals. Check whether the cable is firmly connected to the TV and the connected device.
When using a composite cable (RCA), check the following.
Check if the input method of the audio system (such as amplifier or theater stand) corresponds with the video output device when the video output device is connected to the TV via the audio system.
[1]:Video output device (Example: BD/DVD player)
[2]: Audio system (Example: AV Amplifier)
[3]: TV
The input method of an audio system above (Video) is an example. Select the appropriate input method according to your device's specifications.
If there is no picture on the TV screen even though selecting the correct input method, try the following connection [A] if you have a spare cable.
Connect the video output device and the TV directly, not through the audio system, with a video cable. Then, check whether the picture appears on the TV screen.
[A]：Video cable connection
[B]：Audio cable connection
[1]: Video output device (Example: BD/DVD player)
When you have a spare cable, replace the currently used cable then check if the situation will improve.
Check whether the connecting cable causes this problem. If you have a spare cable, replace the currently used cable with it then check whether the situation will improve.
Connect another input terminal of the TV.
Check whether the input terminal on the TV causes this problem.
Follow the steps below.
Connect the cable to another input terminal of the TV.
Example: The cable is currently connected to the component 1 input terminal. → Connect the cable to the component 2 input terminal instead.
Press the Input button on the TV's remote control then switch the input method to the one that corresponds with the input terminal that you connected in step 1, and check whether the picture appears on the TV screen.
Connect another A/V device to the TV.
Check whether the connected A/V device causes this problem.
If you have another A/V device, connect it to the same input terminal of the TV as the original A/V device then check whether the picture appears on the TV screen.
Reset all the devices by disconnecting/reconnecting the power cords (mains leads).
If this problem is caused by external factors such as your network service or the connected devices, resetting the devices may improve the situation.
Reset the devices and update software. Follow the steps below to reset the devices.
Turn off the connected device and the TV.
Unplug the power cords of the device and the TV.
Allow both the device connected and the TV to remain without power for 30 seconds.
Plug the power cords of the device and the TV back into the electrical outlet.
Turn on the connected device and TV.
If there is still no picture, reset the TV to factory settings.
For Android TV, refer to How to reset the Android TV to factory settings.
If your A/V receiver has a convert function, it may be necessary to activate this in the menu when using more than one connection type in the hookup. The operating instructions that came supplied with your unit should be able to provide whether your A/V receiver has this function.
If your A/V receiver is not capable of up-converting signals, make sure that the type of video cable being used between your source (DVD, cable box, etc.) and the A/V receiver is the same exact type of video cable that is being used between the A/V receiver and the television.
A composite or S-Video signal that is up-converted to a component or HDMI signal may not display due to copyright protection encoded in the video signal.
The troubleshooting steps listed above should resolve your issue. If you have completed all of the steps and the issue is not resolved, service may be required.
How to hear the television sound through the speakers of a stereo receiver or home theater system
No sound when connecting my TV via ARC (Audio Return Channel)
Audio is distorted when streaming Netflix content through a home stereo system.
How to connect a portable audio player to a stereo system using an audio cable
How can I find my TV model name and serial number?
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SLO Brew opens new Event Center at The Rock
SLO Brew, historically known for it’s craft beer and world-class entertainment, is now opening a second concert venue in San Luis Obispo. The SLO Brew Rock Event Center will officially open it’s doors in September for live programming of national touring artists and premier events.
SLO Brew is kicking off the opening of their new venue with a 30th Anniversary Festival on September 8th featuring a headlining play by Electric Guest, plus a separate grand opening show featuring hit reggae artist, Collie Buddz, on September 6th.
Dubbed the most state-of-the-art on the Central Coast, the new concert venue features moving lights, A/V equipment, and the only 50′ LED screen wall from Los Angeles to San Francisco. Finished with rustic barnwood and natural accents, this flexible venue is also an ideal setting for weddings, private events and corporate conferences.
The venue is ‘made for music’, built with an emphasis on acoustics that includes full sound boarding throughout the entire venue. From on-site craft beer offerings to trendy interior aesthetics, the new event center is unique from any venue in California.
With talent booked out for it’s opening season ranging from Houndmouth to Chris Lake, the venue is quickly becoming a highly sought after stop for national touring plays in the region.
The new venue is located on-site of the SLO Brew Rock, which is home to SLO Brew’s 30-barrel brewhouse, canning line, and tasting room. Outside of the event center space, it features a taproom restaurant and outdoor beer garden. The Rock boasts one of the largest venues in San Luis Obispo County for corporate functions, weddings, and other celebratory events.
With a 600 person capacity space, the SLO Brew Rock Event Center is double the size of the downtown venue, catering to large-scale production. In compliment, the existing downtown brewpub venue will continue to host intimate performances with top entertainers.
About SLO Brew:
SLO Brew opened its doors in 1988 and has remained one of California’s longest standing brew pubs. It’s hand-crafted micro brews, quality dining, and world-class entertainment has made SLO Brew a pivotal component of the Central Coast. Aside from award-winning brewing,
SLO Brew has had the likes of Neil Young, Snoop Dogg, Sublime, and a plethora of world-famous musicians throughout the years play on their stage. With the opening of the new Event Center, SLO Brew now boasts the most state-of-the-art venue on the Central Coast. Add to this a boutique hotel above their concert venue, SLO Brew Lofts, that round out an ultimate San Luis Obispo experience.
Food & Beer
Lofts & Lifestyle
San Luis Obispo Breweries Craft ‘Resilience IPA’ to Help Fire Victims
SLO Brew Sessions: Blind Melon
Music’s Brewing: An Interview with Blind Melon
SLO Brew wins ‘Best Bar’ in San Luis Obispo
Find Our Beer »
About SLO Brew
SLO Brew opened its doors in 1988 and has remained one of California’s longest standing brew pubs. Our hand-crafted micro brews, quality dining, and world-class entertainment has made SLO Brew a pivotal component of the Central Coast.
© 2021 SLO Brew
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Iconic brands could disappear as supermarkets now at their strongest, PacBrands chairman warns
Patrick Stafford
The future of Australia’s iconic retail and grocery suppliers is in doubt, according to one of the country’s leading industry executives, who says Coles and Woolworths are at the strongest the pair have ever been.
As a consequence, PacBrands chairman Peter Bush has said it is entirely likely smaller companies will begin to disappear as the duopoly move into new segments of business.
Pacific Brands was contacted by SmartCompany this morning, but no reply was available prior to publication.
“We are going to probably see in the next 10 years some quite iconic local brands just disappear off the face of the earth,” Bush told The Australian.
Pacific Brands has been affected by the supermarkets’ push into new categories such as clothing, although Bush says the impact will be felt in a range of industries such as groceries.
“If you are a small supplier and you want to have your product listed with the major chains – anywhere, whether it is in liquor, apparel or on the supermarket shelf – it’s going to cost a lot of money. It is pretty tough.”
The warning comes after some brands, such as Rosella, have already been put under pressure by the push to private labels.
IBISWorld senior analyst Naren Sivasailam told SmartCompany this morning while it’s unlikely larger brands will disappear overnight, smaller suppliers will feel the pinch much sooner.
“This bodes quite badly for smaller suppliers,” he says, emphasising the concentration of market power in the two supermarkets.”
“At the moment the majority of those private label sales are coming from staples such as flour and dairy products, but they could move into new categories.”
Coles and Woolworths have attempted to calm fears their private label push is harming suppliers. Both have recently signed deals with dairy farmers to source milk directly to the stores themselves.
The pair are also working on a new code of conduct for use among suppliers and themselves, while the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission watches closely for any sign of abusing market power.
However, Coles has warned inefficient suppliers they may not be given new business.
The ACCC was contacted by SmartCompany this morning, but declined to comment. The Australian Food and Grocery Council did not respond to a request for comment before publication.
Assistant Treasurer David Bradbury has also said the government is watching closely to spy any abuse of market power.
While these strategies are in place, says Sivasailam, there is still a major trend towards private labels which will not be easy for grocery suppliers to endure.
“I know for a fact Myer is increasing private label offerings, because the margins are better and they can effectively compete with online retailers,” he says.
“It would be interesting to see the extent and the speed to which suppliers respond, and if the ACCC will have an effect, and if they do deem any supermarkets to be anticompetitive.”
Several suppliers have been put under pressure due to the move towards private label goods, with several having collapsed.
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Elegance Music
0114 2960555
Socks - Mini Treble Clefs (Black/White)
SKU AIMG10025C
Step out in style with these fantastic socks! The funky Mini Treble Clefs pattern will put a spring in your step all day!
Led by James & Jemma Taylor, our retail team are all highly trained to assist you in finding the perfect products.
Not everyone is perfect, so if a team-member is unable to help you straight away, they'll be sure to take your details and arrange a call back as soon as possible.
Not only that, we can also offer Private Music Tuition through Elegance Music LLP.
An experienced team of tutors who undertake private lessons here at Elegance Music. With an impressive range of instrumental tuition in a number of styles, you can learn or develop your skills right here in Sheffield.
Tuition includes Piano, Keyboard, Guitar, Bass Guitar, Ukulele, Violin, Viola, Cello, Double Bass, Clarinet, Saxophone, Flute, Fife, Recorder, Drums, Singing, and Music theory.
We are also a London College of Music Exam Centre, so you could take exams here too! Whether you're learning for fun of looking for a more formal route, it's certainly worth a chat.
For more information, pop in and see us, call us on 0114 2960555, or visit the Elegance Music Tuition site HERE
Music is a language that doesn’t speak in particular words. It speaks in emotions, and if it’s in the bones, it’s in the bones.
James & Jemma Taylor
Our Millhouses Store opened its doors on 7th September 2015, and thanks to our growing and loyal customer base, we're positive we'll be here for years to come.
On display you will find over 2500 different music books, including Chart Hits such as Adele, Sam Smith, and The Killers, Songs from Stage & Screen, Classical Selections, Tutor Books, and much more.
We are the preferred retailer for London College of Music, and provide a substantial range of Exam Materials for London College of Music (LCM), Associated Board for the Royal Schools of Music (ABRSM), Trinity College London (TCL), Registry of Guitar Tutors (RGT), Trinity Guildhall, and Rockschool.
You will also find an impressive range of Gift ideas, Accessories and Instruments, including Stationery, Mugs & Tumblers, Jewellery, Games, Gadgets and Lots More.
We are conveniently placed on Terminus Road, set back from the main road, opposite Millhouses Park. You can park on Terminus Road free of charge or on one of the side streets. We are also on the 97/98 Bus route between Sheffield City Centre and Totley.
Elegance Music, 10 Terminus Road, Millhouses, Sheffield, S7 2LH
Temporary Store Opening Hours
Appointments can be booked outside of these hours.
enquiries@elegance-music.co.uk
www.elegance-music.co.uk
© Elegance Music Cover image by Michal Czyz from Unsplash Report abuse
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Tapalian Law Home
Contact Tapalian Law
Choosing an Injury Lawyer
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Injured in an Accident?
Rush Hour Car Accidents
For countless Rhode Islanders, driving during rush hour is a frustrating, but necessary, part of the daily commute. As motorists crowd congested freeways like I-95 and I-295 during the peak hours of 7am to 9am, the risk of car accidents increases significantly. The severity of these collisions is also frequently magnified during rush hour. A crash in which one vehicle collides with another can have a domino effect on the nearby cars packed together creating an even worse traffic accident and greater risk for injuries. As a top-rated car accident lawyer in Rhode Island, Attorney David Tapalian has over 20 years of experience helping victims of personal injury in RI and MA and offers knowledgeable legal support to those injured as a result of a car accident during rush hour.
The Ocean State was ranked the 3rd worst state in terms of traffic and infrastructure, and 3rd worst overall, in a 2020 study on the best and worst states in which to drive. The study reveals the dangers of driving in the state and the risks drivers face as they make their way through its crowded roads and highways each day. Often in a hurry to get work or school on time, drivers in Rhode Island need to be particularly cognizant of the risk of rush hour car accidents.
Common Causes of Rush Hour Traffic Accidents
As with all motor vehicle operation, there are risks to driving during rush hour traffic. According to a 2015 study, up to 15% of all commuters in Providence County, Rhode Island can be found on the freeway between the hours of 7am and 9am or the hours of 4pm and 6pm on any given work day. That’s about 42,000 cars on the road in a short span of time. Naturally, traffic jams and collisions occur frequently and if you are injured in one of these crashes, it’s important to have the expert guidance of a Rhode Island car accident attorney. Some common causes of rush hour accidents include:
Changing Lanes: In particular, changing lanes becomes more difficult when cars are lined up in all lanes on the highway. For example, when a vehicle is trying to switch lanes to reach an approaching exit, it can be difficult to navigate through the multitude of cars and trucks and can easily result in a side-swipe collision.
Driver Negligence: Negligence on the part of the driver, like looking at a cell phone or applying makeup while sitting in traffic, contributes to many rear-end collisions during rush hour. When a negligent driver is responsible for causing your injuries, a qualified accident lawyer can help you to recoup your damages.
Reckless Operation: A vehicle trying to avoid traffic congestion by speeding in the breakdown lane, a driver “tailgating” another car, speeding, even constant lane-changing or not using a signal when switching lanes, all are examples of what may be considered reckless driving. These forms of recklessness, and more, frequently contribute to rush hour traffic crashes. For instance, in June 2020, a fatal multi-vehicle collision occurred on Rte. 95 in West Greenwich around 8:30am when a car traveling in the breakdown lane hit a tow truck that was stopped and attempting to load a disabled vehicle.
Emergency Situations: When a police car, fire truck, or ambulance is approaching with its lights and sirens on, the law in Rhode Island requires drivers to pull over to the side or yield the right of way. Especially vital during rush hour, to promote the safety of those who operate emergency vehicles, the Rhode Island Department of Public Safety created the “move over” law. The law requires drives to “slow down and move over when approaching a designated vehicle that is stopped in a lane or on the edge/shoulder of the roadway”. Some motorists do not heed these warnings which can result in a collision.
Traffic Laws & Safety in Rhode Island
Commuters on highly traveled routes throughout the state like I-95, I-295, and Route 10 rely on their vehicles to get to their jobs, so a severe crash can have lasting effects, especially if the person is seriously injured. Rhode Island Car Accident Attorney David Tapalian understands that all consequences of a car accident are significant in the lives of the people involved. Despite the difficulty of navigating the cramped roads during rush hour, drivers must still adhere to the traffic laws and when a driver fails to do so and consequently causes an accident, they can be held liable for any injuries and damages sustained. Attorney Tapalian puts his qualifications and experience to work to help victims of auto accidents in RI and MA obtain the monetary compensation that they deserve. If you are hurt in a collision, Tapalian Law can help hold the at-fault driver responsible and obtain compensation on your behalf. You may be entitled to compensation for your damages including medical expenses, hospital costs, surgery, rehabilitative expenses, repairs to your vehicle, and pain-and-suffering.
How Tapalian Law Can Help You After an Auto Accident
Rush hour, unfortunately, can magnify the existing dangers of driving in the state of Rhode Island and puts the thousands of commuting drivers at risk of a collision every day. Although a work commute during peak traffic hours is necessary for many drivers, dealing with the aftermath of a car accident alone is not. If you or a loved one has been hurt in a motor vehicle accident in Rhode Island or Massachusetts, seek the expertise of trusted Rhode Island Car Accident Lawyer David Tapalian. At Tapalian Law, our compassionate personal injury team understands the stress that ensues following a serious injury and we will guide you throughout each step on your way to recovery. With offices in Providence RI, Warwick RI, and Seekonk MA, we are available at all hours for a free consultation. Call us at 401-552-5000 or contact us online to learn how our lawyers can best support you.
Free Consultation 401-552-5000No Fee Unless Successful
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He took care of everything and kept me updated as well. It was such a smooth process and in the end I won my case. I would highly recommend David Tapalian! Patrice F.
When I contacted David Tapalian, Attorney & Counselor at Law, all my worries were immediately alleviated. He handled my case from beginning to end and kept me updated every step of the way. Susie M.
I visited David a couple of days after my accident and he gave me clear and concise details on what would happen throughout the process... David N.
Free Review: 401-552-5000 Main Office: 401-272-0011 Facsimile: 888-703-3334
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Seekonk, MA 02771
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The 2017 James Beard Award Winners Are . . .
Zahav's Michael Solomonov takes home Outstanding Chef
By Devra Ferst
Le Coucou | Photo: Ditte Isager
Chicago's Lyric Opera House is packed with the country's best chefs right now, donning tuxes and gowns, and everyone's headed for a cocktail. They're here to celebrate 2017's James Beard Award winners.
This year was a big one for Philadelphia, with Michael Solomonov taking home the Outstanding Chef award and Stephen Starr, who owns Le Coucou (Best New Restaurant), Serpico and an empire of other restaurants, finally winning Outstanding Restaurateur after many years of nomination. "It's pretty amazing. Philly's been a real breeding ground for chefs," Starr says. "A lot of what I've done in the last three years has been about want to win this award."
At the start of the night, Rahm Emanuel, the mayor of the city, said he calls the city, "the culinary capital of America." That hometown pride was felt in the house with Rick Bayless's win for Topolobampo as Outstanding Restaurant and Sarah Grueneberg wearing the medal for Best Chef: Great Lakes.
RELATED The World’s 50 Best Restaurants List Is Finally Here »
Jesse Tyler Ferguson, who hosted the event kicked it off saying "It's an honor to be nominated but I'm also sure it feels really fucking good to win." With that in mind, here are the winners.
2017 James Beard Foundation Restaurant and Chef Awards
A restaurant opened in the calendar year before the award will be given that already displays excellence in food, beverage, and service, and that is likely to make a significant impact in years to come.
Winner: Le Coucou, NYC
"People who love to eat are always the best people."- Julia Child // �: @gentlandhyers for @esquire
A post shared by Le Coucou (@lecoucou_nyc) on Mar 17, 2017 at 1:51pm PDT
Outstanding Baker
A chef or baker who prepares breads, pastries, or desserts in a retail bakery, and who serves as a national standard-bearer of excellence. Must have been working as a baker or pastry chef for at least five years.
Winner: Mark Furstenberg, Bread Furst, Washington D.C.
Outstanding Bar Program
A restaurant or bar that demonstrates excellence in cocktail, spirits and/or beer service.
Winner: Arnaud’s French 75 Bar, New Orleans
Outstanding Chef
A working chef in America whose career has set national industry standards and who has served as an inspiration to other food professionals. Must have been working as a chef for the past five years.
Winner: Michael Solomonov, Zahav, Philadelphia
Always terrifying. Amazing dinner hosted by the one and only @chefjohnbesh and @beshfoundation #jonnyandfriends thank y'all for the incredible hospitality @carolinenrosen @lothomz
A post shared by Michael Solomonov (@mikesolomonov) on Apr 21, 2017 at 6:12am PDT
Outstanding Pastry Chef
A chef or baker who prepares desserts, pastries, or breads in a restaurant, and who serves as a national standard bearer of excellence. Must have been working as a pastry chef or baker for the past five years.
Winner: Ghaya Oliveira, Daniel, NYC
Outstanding Restaurant
A restaurant in the United States that serves as a national standard bearer of consistent quality and excellence in food, atmosphere and service. Must have been in operation 10 or more consecutive years.
Winner: Topolobampo, Chicago
Outstanding Restaurateur
A working restaurateur who sets high national standards in restaurant operations and entrepreneurship. Must have been in the restaurant business for at least 10 years. Must not have been nominated for a James Beard Foundation chef award in the past five years.
Winner: Stephen Starr, Starr Restaurants (Le Coucou, Serpico, Upland, and others), Philadelphia
A restaurant in operation five or more years that demonstrates high standards of hospitality and service.
Winner: Blue Hill at Stone Barns, Pocantico Hills, NY
Outstanding Wine Program
A restaurant in operation five or more years that serves as a standard bearer for excellence in wine service through a well-presented wine list, knowledgeable staff, and efforts to educate customers about wine.
Winner: Canlis, Seattle
Outstanding Wine, Beer or Spirits Professional
A beer, wine, or spirits professional who has made a significant national impact on the restaurant industry.
Winner: Sam Calagione, Dogfish Head Craft Brewery, Milton, DE
Rising Star Chef of the Year
A chef age 30 or younger who displays an impressive talent and who is likely to make a significant impact on the industry in years to come.
Winner: Zachary Engel, Shaya, New Orleans
My baby mama been with me before and after the hardware #jbfa @shayarestaurant
A post shared by Zach Engel (@zjengel) on May 1, 2017 at 5:51pm PDT
Best Regional Chefs
Chefs who have set new or consistent standards of excellence in their respective regions. Eligible candidates may be from any kind of dining establishment and must have been working as a chef for at least five years, with the three most recent years spent in the region.
Best Chef: Great Lakes (IL, IN, MI, OH)
Winner: Sarah Grueneberg, Monteverde, Chicago
Best Chef: Mid-Atlantic (D.C., DE, MD, NJ, PA, VA)
Winner: Greg Vernick, Vernick Food & Drink, Philadelphia
Best Chef: Midwest (IA, KS, MN, MO, NE, ND, SD, WI)
Winner: Kevin Nashan, Sidney Street Cafe, St. Louis
Best Chef: New York City (Five Boroughs)
Winner: Marco Canora, Hearth
Best Chef: Northeast (CT, MA, ME, NH, NY STATE, RI, VT)
Winner: Andrew Taylor and Mike Wiley, Eventide Oyster Co., Portland, ME
Best Chef: Northwest (AK, ID, MT, OR, WA, WY)
Winner: Greg Denton and Gabrielle Quiñónez Denton, Ox, Portland, OR
Best Chef: South (AL, AR, FL, LA, MS, PR)
Winner: Rebecca Wilcomb, Herbsaint, New Orleans
Best Chef: Southeast (GA, KY, NC, SC, TN, WV)
Winner: Steven Satterfield, Miller Union, Atlanta
Best Chef: Southwest (AZ, CO, NM, OK, TX, UT)
Winner: Hugo Ortega, Hugo’s, Houston
Best Chef: West (CA, HI, NV)
Winner: Corey Lee, Benu, San Francisco
2017 James Beard Foundation America's Classics
Bertha's Kitchen, North Charleston, SC
Owners: Julia Grant, Linda Pinckney and Sharon Coakley
Gioia's Deli, St. Louis
Owner: Alex Donley
La Taqueria, San Francisco
Owner: Miguel Jara
Sahadi's, Brooklyn
Owners: Christina Sahadi Whelan and Ron Sahadi
Schultz's Crab House, Essex, MD
Owners: Karen and Bob McKinney
2017 James Beard Foundation Who's Who of Food & Beverage in America Inductees
Suzanne Goin
Multiple James Beard Award-Winning Chef and Restaurateur, A.O.C., Lucques and Tavern
Evan Kleiman
Culinarian; Host of KCRW’s Good Food
Roger Berkowitz
President and CEO, Legal Sea Foods
Michel Nischan
Multiple James Beard Award-Winning Chef; Founder, President and CEO, Wholesome Wave
Rajat Parr
Domaine de la Côte
2017 James Beard Foundation Humanitarian of the Year
Denise Cerreta
One World Everybody Eats
2017 James Beard Foundation Lifetime Achievement Award
Nora Pouillon
Restaurant Nora
News Awards California Restaurants Chefs New York #News
NEXT STEP: See Who Won the James Beard Awards in 2016
More Check Out the 50 Best Restaurants in the World List
9 Breakfast Recipes to Make on Christmas Morning
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Home | You are viewing: Great Works > Out of My Mind: An Instructional Guide for Literature
Out of My Mind: An Instructional Guide for Literature
Out of My Mind: An Instructional Guide for Literature supports the instruction of this uplifting story about a girl with cerebral palsy and a photographic memory who is determined to change how people view her disability. By using the standards-based lessons in this resource, students will dive deeply into the text to learn the importance of standing up for oneself despite life's challenges. Students will also build their critical literacy skills through analyzing story elements in multiple ways, practicing close reading, interpreting text-based vocabulary, and determining meaning through text-dependent questions. Add rigor to your students' explorations of rich, complex literature with this language arts resource.
The Adventures of Tom Sawyer: An Instructional Guide for Literature
Follow along as Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn embark on various, risky adventures. Readers will be eager to analyze this well-known story by completing fun, challenging activities and lessons provided in this instructional guide for literature.
Bud, Not Buddy: An Instructional Guide for Literature
Explore the story of Bud, an orphan during the Great Depression, who journeys to find a musician he believes is his father. Students will analyze and comprehend this story through the engaging, rigorous activities and lessons in this instructional guide.
The Dark Is Rising: An Instructional Guide for Literature
Use this guide to introduce students to this award-winning story and encourage them to analyze Will's journey to defeat the dark. This instructional guide for literature is the perfect tool to aid students in analyzing and comprehending this story.
Dragonwings: An Instructional Guide for Literature
Introduce students to this award-winning novel and encourage them to analyze the text by completing fun, challenging activities and lessons provided in this instructional guide for literature.
Hatchet: An Instructional Guide for Literature
Explore the story of a boy who is stranded in the wild after a plane crash. Students will learn how to analyze and comprehend this story through the activities and lessons included in this instructional guide for literature.
M.C. Higgins, the Great: An Instructional Guide for Literature
Full of life lessons about growing up, this well-known story will have students comparing and contrasting their own life experiences with those in the book by completing fun, challenging activities and lessons in this instructional guide for literature.
My Brother Sam Is Dead: An Instructional Guide for Literature
Use this instructional guide for literature to encourage students to make connections in history while analyzing rich, complex literature and becoming familiar with this well-known novel about a family torn apart by the American Revolutionary War.
Number the Stars: An Instructional Guide for Literature
Use the engaging lessons and activities in this guide to help students comprehend the story of a Danish community that helped Jews escape the Nazis.
Tuck Everlasting: An Instructional Guide for Literature
Follow the enchanting story of a girl who discovers an immortal family, struggling to keep a secret from the rest of the world. This instructional guide teaches children how to better analyze and comprehend this story and similar complex literature.
The Watsons Go to Birmingham-1963: An Instructional Guide for Literature
Connect students with past events by completing fun, challenging activities and lessons about a story based on tragic events that occurred in Birmingham as a result of racism.
Bright & Brainy: Kindergarten Practice
Inspire brainy learners with fun and engaging activities in reading, writing, and math. Using creative literary and informational texts as well as fun math problems, students will build the foundational skills they need to become well-rounded learners.
Bright & Brainy: 1st Grade Practice
Inspire brainy learners with fun and engaging activities in reading, writing, and math. Using creative literary and informational texts as well as fun math problems, students will build the essential skills they need to become well-rounded learners.
180 Days of Writing for Kindergarten (Spanish)
Help kindergarteners improve their writing skills with fun and effective daily Spanish practice activities. Guides students through the five steps of the writing process: prewriting, drafting, revising, editing, and publishing with fun daily activities.
180 Days of Writing for First Grade (Spanish)
Help first graders improve their writing skills with fun and effective daily Spanish practice activities. Guides students through the five steps of the writing process: prewriting, drafting, revising, editing, and publishing with fun daily activities.
180 Days of Writing for Second Grade (Spanish)
Help Spanish-speaking second graders improve their writing skills with fun and effective daily practice activities. Excites students while guiding them through the five steps of the writing process: prewriting, drafting, revising, editing, and publishing.
180 Days of Writing for Third Grade (Spanish)
Help Spanish-speaking third graders improve their writing skills with fun and effective daily practice activities. Engage students while guiding them through the five steps of the writing process: prewriting, drafting, revising, editing, and publishing.
180 Days of Writing for Fourth Grade (Spanish)
Help Spanish-speaking fourth graders improve their writing skills with fun and effective daily practice activities. Engage students while guiding them through the five steps of the writing process: prewriting, drafting, revising, editing, and publishing.
180 Days of Writing for Fifth Grade (Spanish)
Help Spanish-speaking fifth graders improve their writing skills with fun and effective daily practice activities. Engage students while guiding them through the five steps of the writing process: prewriting, drafting, revising, editing, and publishing.
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Samsung’s new rugged tablet takes a leaf or two from the Galaxy Note 8
By Darren Allan 16 October 2017
Galaxy Tab Active 2 will pack an octa-core CPU
A host of new information has just been spilled online regarding the sequel to Samsung’s Galaxy Tab Active, with claims that the rugged tablet will run with a more powerful octa-core CPU, and will take further inspiration and features from the Note 8.
Those features include the appearance of Bixby on the rugged slate, an S Pen stylus – which will slot into an integrated holder on the top of the bumper case – and a USB-C port will be incorporated, as well as a fingerprint reader.
Note that the Bixby functionality will be limited to Bixby Home, not Bixby Voice, though.
As Sam Mobile reports, the leak comes courtesy of Roland Quandt, and claims that the Galaxy Tab Active 2 will up the ante to a 1.6GHz Exynos 7870 octa-core processor (from a quad-core 1.2GHz CPU) backed up with 3GB of RAM.
This is the Samsung Galaxy Tab Active 2 (SM-T39x) w/ rugged Design, IP68 cert, 480nit screen, S Pen + business focus https://t.co/dUhbabPwTZ pic.twitter.com/kRr03vTWRcOctober 14, 2017
That’s double the memory of the original tablet, although the storage will remain the same at 16GB (sadly), and the screen will still be an 8-inch affair with a resolution of 1,280 x 800.
Quandt does, however, note that the screen will be brighter at 480 nits (compared to the 400 nits of the original).
Camera boost
The Galaxy Tab Active sequel will have twin cameras upped considerably in potency to 8MP and 5MP (from 3.1MP and 1.2MP), and a 4,450mAh removable battery, but the design will remain broadly the same.
You can also expect an LTE variant of the slate for those who want to stay online while on the move. The tablet will run Android 7.1.1 and is expected to emerge before 2017 is out, although as ever, bear in mind that this is all just speculation at this point.
Who knows, with the sequel imminent, you might be able to get a good deal on the original Galaxy Tab Active come Black Friday.
In our review of the Galaxy Tab Active, we liked a fair bit about the tablet, and definitely the impressive battery life (which the sequel will seek to maintain, hopefully, given that it has the same size battery).
The beefier hardware purported to be inside this new model should go a long way to making it more palatable on the performance front, too.
Image Credit: Roland Quandt
We’ve picked out the best business tablets of 2017
Check out the prices on older models with our Samsung Galaxy Tab deals
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Home Nigeria Shaibu warns Nigerians to shun corrupt leaders
Shaibu warns Nigerians to shun corrupt leaders
Edo State Acting Governor, Rt. Hon. Comrade Philip Shaibu has urged Nigerians to stop showing undue respect to corrupt public officials, as part of efforts to win the war against corruption in the country.
The acting governor made the submission while declaring open a One-Day Public Enlightenment and Citizen Activity on Anti-Corruption organised by the Presidential Advisory Committee Against Corruption in collaboration with the National Orientation Agency (NOA), in Benin City.
Shaibu said the practice where corrupt leaders are given chieftaincy titles and elevated by religious leaders should be discontinued and replaced with a reward system for hardworking and patriotic leaders.
According to him, “As President Muhammadu Buhari will always say, ‘If we don’t kill corruption, corruption will kill us (Nigeria). We must all support the President to win the war against corruption in the country. People see public office as an avenue to make money for themselves, but this must be discontinued. Corrupt leaders should not be respected in society.”
He urged leaders to be role models to the youth through their leadership style so that young people can leverage on the ‘Not Too Young to Run’ campaign to seek elective positions.
State Director, NOA, Mrs Grace Eseka, said the theme of the programme, ‘Value Reorientation and the Fight against Corruption’ was apt, as it was coming at a time when political leaders have just been elected into office.
Eseka said members of the public needed to be sensitised on a continuous basis to hold their representatives and other political office holders in positions of authority accountable.
“We must work together to change the label of corruption in the country and emphasise Nigeria’s positive values which include discipline, hard work, honesty, integrity, social justice and patriotism,” she said.
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Home Picture of the Day Dwarf Planets
Stephen Smith August 14, 2019 - 08:48 August 14, 2019 Picture of the Day
The largest Trans-Neptunian objects.
Is planet nine among them?
NASA launched the New Horizons spacecraft on January 19, 2006 on a mission to explore the outer Solar System, including Pluto, Charon and many Kuiper Belt Objects.
On July 14, 2015 New Horizons flew by Pluto at a distance of 9656 kilometers. Although it has been four years since the encounter with Pluto, its geology continues to pose “mysteries” and “processes that have yet to be understood.” Complex chains of craters and melted pits extend outward from terraced depressions. Flat bottoms and vertical sidewalls are signs of electric discharge machining. Indeed, the indications are that electrically active phenomena sculpted Pluto’s surface.
There is little electrical connection between Pluto and the Sun because Pluto has no magnetosphere, so no shield between it and solar wind ions. Similar to other rocky planet-sized bodies, it sports a long tail composed of heavier, ionized atmospheric gases―primarily methane, with a “thin” magnetopause. The so-called “Plutopause” is the boundary region between solar plasma and Pluto’s feeble electromagnetic field, so its equipotential surface is small.
Pluto is no longer considered to be a planet in the same category as Mars, for example. Instead, it is now called a dwarf planet, similar to Kuiper Belt Objects like Eris and Sedna. The Kuiper Belt theory is the creation of astronomer Kenneth Edgeworth from Ireland and also separately by American astronomer Gerard Kuiper. Sometimes known as “trans-Neptunian Objects”, the first KBO was discovered in 1992.
Eris is the largest KBO, approximately 5% larger than Pluto, and is located 1.4 trillion kilometers from the Sun. Eris has its own small moon called Dysnomia. Quaoar is about 6 billion kilometers from the Sun and revolves in the region of the Kuiper Belt beyond Pluto’s orbit. Quaoar is the third largest KBO, half the size of Pluto and about as large as Pluto’s moon Charon. The fourth largest KBO yet discovered is Varuna, about 40% as large as Pluto.
Sedna was discovered in an orbit that is much farther out than the grouping that includes Eris, Quaoar and Varuna. Sedna is large, about as big as Pluto, but it reaches more than 1 trillion kilometers from the Sun in an eccentric orbit, making it too far away to technically be considered a KBO. The theory has yet to accommodate Sedna.
An interesting characteristic of the various dwarf planets is that they are colorful. One such object, Snow White, contrary to its name, is reddish in color. Pluto is brownish-yellow, while Eris is green.
In a plasma cosmogony hypothesis, the stars are formed when cosmic Birkeland currents twist around one another, creating z-pinch regions that compress the plasma into a solid. Laboratory experiments have shown that such compression zones are the most likely candidates for star formation and not collapsing nebulae. When stars are born, they are probably under extreme electrical stress. In that case, they will split into two or more daughter stars, thereby equalizing their electrical potential.
Electric Universe advocate, Wal Thornhill wrote:
“The fission process is repeated in further electrical disturbances by flaring red dwarfs and gas giant planets ejecting rocky and icy planets, moons, comets, asteroids and meteorites. Planetary systems may also be acquired over time by electrical capture of independent interstellar bodies such as dim brown dwarf stars. That seems the best explanation for our ‘fruit salad’ of a solar system.”
The Thunderbolts Picture of the Day is generously supported by the Mainwaring Archive Foundation.
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Arts culture entertainment
Promise & Promiscuity hits the Nenagh stage this Friday
Penny Ashton
In four years Promise and Promiscuity has delicately romped all over the world from Stewart Island to Regina, Saskatchewan to Edinburgh to Adelaide to Bath. This one woman multi character musical has charmed and delighted thousands with its wit, innuendo and satirical sparkle.
It is a truth universally acknowledged that a woman in possession of a theatre script…must be in want of an audience. Charmingly accomplished Penny Ashton (Austen Found, Hot Pink Bits, Good Morning, Poetry Idol) mashes up the Regency, bonnets and big balls…with alacrity!
Follow the fortunes of Miss Elspeth Slowtree as she battles literary snobbery, her mother’s nerves and Cousin Horatio’s digestions, all armed with a superior wit, excellent ukulele skills and generally being quite bright… you know… for a girl. Balls will be attended, crosses will be stitched and manners will be minded, all with not one ankle in sight. As Elizabeth Bennett herself says “Follies and nonsense, whims and inconsistencies do divert me, I own, and I laugh at them whenever I can.”
And so should you.
Featuring classical masterpieces, reworked by Robbie Ellis with lyrics by Penny Ashton, and 33 direct quotes of Jane Austen’s various books and letters.
In this year, the 200th anniversary of Jane Austen’s death, Nenagh Arts Centre is delighted to bring you the 5th great niece of Austen’s very own Limerick born flirtation, Thomas Langlois Lefroy, in her award winning one woman show.
At Nenagh Arts Centre on Friday 10th November at 8pm. Tickets €18/€16.50 (plus €1 Booking Fee).
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+44 1923 264 385 info@templepan.com
Technical aspects of Electronic Counter Surveillance
Electronic Counter Surveillance
Eavesdropping from a Satellite
EVEN as mobile phones are becoming a cheap utility, hundreds of thousands of people continue to part with a fair cost to talk to others in parts of the world that lack network coverage. Callers are prepared to pay as much as £14 to connect to a satellite phone in exchange for secure, reliable connections. (Ringing landlines from such devices can be less than one-tenth that.)
Security is often paramount, especially for those dispatched to far-flung corners of the globe which are often war-torn, controlled by unsympathetic regimes, or both. No surprise, then, that modern mobile phones, satellite equipment comes with built-in encryption. This makes it practically impossible for anyone monitoring the airwaves to eavesdrop on the calls. Or does it?
Researchers at Ruhr University Bochum, in Germany, think they have managed to crack two popular encryption protocols, known as A5-GMR-1 and A5-GMR-2. These are commonly used in the Thuraya satellite phones used across swathes of Africa, the Middle East and North Asia. (Thuraya has yet to respond to the revelations.) The researchers hope that their paper, published on their website, will help interested parties fix the flaw.
More importantly, perhaps, it might prompt phone- makers to act. “We can assume that this has probably been known about since the beginning of this century,” says Benedikt Driessen, one of the authors of the new paper. He and his colleagues say that it takes about £2,000 worth of gear and half an hour to decipher a satellite phone call. With more computing power, it could be done in real time. Indeed, an Israeli company already offers just such a service commercially. Those Thuraya customers particularly concerned with security can install end-to-end encryption software that adds one more layer of security, using another protocol, known as AES. (Government agencies, especially those dealing with security and intelligence, tend not to rely on commercially available encryption.) Alternatively, a Berlin-based company, Cryptophone, promises “end-to-end encrypted calls from and to mobile, fixed-line and satellite networks” and claims to be the only firm to provide secure phones that come with full source code available for independent review. No doubt someone will be flogging a crack for these tweaks soon.
Templepan constantly monitors electronic surveillance methods and can advise accordingly.
Peter Clements
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Templepan Security Systems Ltd
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Tech-lovers can grab a last-minute gift as new store opens at shopping centre
Churchill Square Brighton: Tech shop Store Topia opens
TECH-LOVERS can find all the latest kit in time for Christmas after a new store opened its doors at a shopping centre.
Store Topia has launched its first store at Churchill Square in Brighton after previously running on internet site Ebay.
The retailer aims to meet the needs of everyone who loves the latest nerdy gadgets, games consoles and mobile phone gimbals.
Bosses at Churchill Square have welcomed the retailer, and say it prides itself on offering the best tech products on the market.
They hope it is a sign of a new business bucking the trend of nationwide store closures and a big switch to online shopping.
And with just six shopping days left, there may yet be some time for Santa to fill some festive stockings.
Read more on The Argus:
First look inside flagship new JD Sports store at Churchill Square
Shoppers fears over future of Debenhams
Store Topia owner Abs Mechial said: “We are thrilled to open our flagship store in Churchill Square.
“Our eBay store was warmly welcome by the people of Brighton, and we’re sure they will show our new store the same dedication.
“By opening just in time for Christmas, we’re sure we can help a lot of shoppers tick off items on the Christmas wish list.”
Earlier this year, major retailer JD Sports moved one door down at Churchill Square to occupy a more prominent spot at the shopping centre.
The fashion and sports brand replaced the former BHS Homestore which closed in 2015 and which was then replaced by collapsed retailer Dorothy Perkins and Burton Menswear.
Earlier this year Levi's opened a larger store and took over space at the former Accessorize store.
But the announcement of the nationwide closures of Topshop and Debenhams has added some gloom to the retail market.
Both stores currently still occupy major spots at Churchill Square.
Store Topia says its Churchill Square shop is its first in the country and its “flagship”.
It opened on December 18.
Churchill Square centre director Mark Buchanan-Smith said: “We’re very impressed with the quality of what Store Topia has to offer, and we are delighted to welcome them to the centre.
“It’s been a difficult year, but we’re confident that this is the first of many great things to come for Churchill Square over the next few months, now that 2020 is coming to a close.”
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Mountain Getaway in Brevard, N.C.
Stunning natural beauty, world-class performing arts, and outdoor adventure all come together in a town with fewer than 8,000 people.
Credit: Robbie Caponetto
"I got here in 1986 and thought I had landed in heaven," says basket artist Joe Bruneau, who manages Brevard's arts cooperative, Number 7 Arts (number7arts.com). "It's absolutely beautiful."
With pristine parklands and 250 waterfalls, Brevard and its surrounding Transylvania County beckon both outdoor adventurers and artists. Every summer, 400 promising young musicians are chosen for the annual Brevard Music Center Summer Institute & Festival, with some 80 concerts taking the stage from late June to early August. The BMC's artistic director is alumnus Keith Lockhart, principal conductor of the Boston Pops and the BBC Concert Orchestra in London. Lockhart's parents have lived in Brevard for 30 years, and his grandparents lived there as well. Each summer in the North Carolina mountains is a homecoming for the world-renowned maestro. "Every year is extraordinary," Lockhart says. "All these young people come from diverse backgrounds. They're unsure of themselves and where they fit in. Then we start to make music, and none of that matters anymore."
Go "glamping" in a whopping four-bed, four-season tent at The Bike Farm, where you can also book guided mountain bike rides. Tents from $100 (extra charge for linens and tours); bikefarmpisgah.com
Choose Indoor Accommodations
The Red House Inn: An 1851 house with additional cottages for rent. Rates from $155 at the inn and from $175 at the cottages; brevardbedandbreakfast.com Bed and Breakfast on Tiffany Hill: Pretty B&B convenient to Brevard attractions. Rates from $195; bbontiffanyhill.com Rental properties: visitwaterfalls.com
Everything is homemade at Bracken Mountain Bakery (brackenmountainbakery.com). Other favorites include The Falls Landing Eatery (thefallslanding.com), The Phoenix (thephoenixbrevard.com), and Rocky's Grill & Soda Shop (ddbullwinkels.com). Stop by Brevard Brewing Co. (brevard-brewing.com) and Oskar Blues Brewery (oskarblues.com) for cold ones.
Explore local parklands, including the Pisgah and Nantahala National Forests, DuPont State Recreational Forest, and Gorges State Park.
Check performance schedules at the BMC's terrific open-air Whittington-Pfohl Auditorium, which just added a new acoustic shell, and Brevard College's Scott Concert Hall at the Paul Porter Center for Performing Arts. brevardmusic.org; brevard.edu/fineartsevents
Shop for local art at Fourth Friday Gallery Walks, held downtown between April and December, or drive the 13-mile Scenic 276 Arts Corridor, with 10 galleries and markets. scenic276arts.com
The French Broad River Paddle Trail provides public access to over 140 miles of the river, along with campsites. riverlink.org; frenchbroadpaddle.com
Want a guide? Headwaters Outfitters offers guided (wade or float) fishing trips plus tubing, kayaking, or canoeing trips (headwatersoutfitters.com). Davidson River Outfitters has 15 professional fishing guides and access to 6 miles of private trout streams, as well as public parklands. (davidsonflyfishing.com)
For adventures on land—or a place to relax and chat up the locals—head for The Hub. Socialize at its Pisgah Tavern, and find anything you need for hiking or biking. The Hub sits at the entrance to the most popular area in Pisgah National Forest. thehubpisgah.com
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Nature Notes: Leaning In - Dark-Scaled Sedge at Kankakee Sands
By Alyssa Nyberg, Kankakee Sands Efroymson Restoration on July 08, 2020
Photos by Trevor Edmonson
This July we will be busy with harvesting hundreds of pounds of sedge seeds to include in this year’s prairie planting at Kankakee Sands. We will be harvesting twelve different sedges, each one so unique, and really quite lovely, if you just take the time to lean in and look more closely.
When I think about leaning in and taking a closer look, I often reflect on my work with plants and seeds, and how it requires me to put some of those trickier plant species--like sedges--under a microscope to get a much closer look. And when I am looking through the eyepiece of the scope, really seeing the fine details of the seeds or leaves, it gives me a greater understanding and a much deeper appreciation for the plant before me.
So it is with sedges. Not always easy to identify, but very much worth a closer look. One of my favorite sedges is the dark-scaled sedge (Carex buxbaumii). I find the black and green patterning on the seedhead to be a work of art, simply stunning! Though the colors and shapes may vary from species to species, all sedge seedheads are arranged in a similar fashion - a hard seed, enclosed in a papery sack, clustered along a main flowering stalk.
Sedges are in a plant family called Cyperacaea (pronounced SY-per-ay-see-ay), with more than 5,000 species found around the globe. Golden sedge, bottlebrush sedge, porcupine sedge and brown fox sedge are just a few of the 53 native sedge species that would have been here in Northwest Indiana when the area was a vast marshland surrounding the what was once the largest lake in Indiana, Beaver Lake.
How the fish, ducks, herons, sandhill cranes, muskrats, deer and even bison must have feasted on the seeds, leaves, and tubers of all the sedges! Our own Kankakee Sands bison spend much of their grazing time consuming the above ground portion of the sedge plant; allowing a young bison calf born at just 40 pounds to mature to a 1600-pound bull. Sedges stay green, long into the winter, providing nutrition in the harder-to-find-food-months.
Let’s not forget the little grazers that dine on sedges too: aphids, leaf hoppers, leaf beetles, grasshoppers, katydids, moths, and butterflies, such as the endangered Mitchell’s Satyr butterfly whose caterpillars feed exclusively on the common tussock sedge (Carex stricta).
Sedges are related to grasses, but have differences that can be seen by our naked eye and felt by our naked hand, the easiest one being the shape of the stem. Grasses have round stems, and sedges have triangular stems. Sedges have edges! Simply roll the two between your fingers and you’ll find it’s an easy distinction to make.
Native prairie grasses vary in height, from the six-inch tall grass called six weeks fescue, to the more than the eight-foot tall grass named big bluestem. Most sedges on the other hand, typically grown one to two feet in height, and have seedheads that, in true 4th of July fashion, radiate out from the main base in a sort of fireworks display.
Sedges grow in both wet areas and dry areas, depending on the species. To find the dark-scaled sedge, you’ll need to get your feet wet and wander into a wetland. But it will be worth the wade!
In our world today, we are being asked to lean in and take a deeper look at so many things, a worldwide pandemic, racial injustice, food insecurity, a warming climate... It’s a lot to digest. But just as with sedges, closer scrutiny can make a big difference.
Visit Kankakee Sands this summer to stoop, squat, crouch down and lean in to get a better look at the sedges growing in our prairies, to see the beauty of our nature more clearly, and to be inspired with new solutions for a better world.
The Nature Conservancy’s Kankakee Sands is an 8,300-acre prairie and savanna habitat in Northwest Indiana, open every day of the year for public enjoyment. For more information about Kankakee Sands, visit www.nature.org/KankakeeSands or call the office at 219-285-2184.
Categories: Great Outdoors
Tags: Newton County
Alyssa Nyberg, Kankakee Sands Efroymson Restoration
Alyssa Nyberg is the Native Plant Nursery manager and outreach coordinator for The Nature Conservancy's Kankakee Sands Efroymson Restoration in Northwest Indiana, an 8,000-acre prairie restoration. She grew up in the Indianapolis area, and has been living and working in Newton County ever since she started her job with The Nature Conservancy 15 years ago. Alyssa loves living in Newton County with her husband and raising their children in this beautiful county with its small-town feel.
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Home > Proceedings > Volume 4008
PROCEEDINGS VOLUME 4008
ASTRONOMICAL TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION | 27 MARCH - 1 APRIL 2000
Optical and IR Telescope Instrumentation and Detectors
Editor(s): Masanori Iye, Alan F. M. Moorwood
8 Sessions, 147 Papers, 0 Presentations
Instrument Overview (9)
Optical Spectrographs I (44)
Optical Spectrographs II (11)
Optical Detectors and Cameras (44)
Infrared Spectrographs I (9)
Infrared Spectrographs II (10)
Infrared Detectors and Cameras (10)
Novel Devices (10)
ASTRONOMICAL TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION
View the SPIE Conference + Exhibitions Calendar
VIEW ALL ABSTRACTS +
Instrument Overview
Instrumentation for the Keck Observatory
Ian S. McLean, Frederic H. Chaffee
Proc. SPIE 4008, Optical and IR Telescope Instrumentation and Detectors, pg 2 (16 August 2000); doi: 10.1117/12.395404
Current instrument sand future plans for new instrumentation for the Keck Observatory are reviewed. As is widely known, both 10-meter telescopes are in full operation and each has a significant complement of scientific instruments. Keck II has a working adaptive optics system and a similar module is under construction for Keck I in preparation for combining the beams in the Keck Interferometer. Recently, Keck II received two new instruments, ESI - which is a CCD-based faint-object spectrograph, and NIRSPEC, a cryogenic high- resolution near-IR spectrograph. The existing LRIS spectrograph is due to an upgrade to provide a blue- sensitive channel to complement the current red channel. DEIMOS, a multi-object spectrograph and NIRC2, a diffraction-limited IR camera are nearing completion. Future plans include detector upgrades, instruments for integral field and wide-field spectroscopy, interferometry and laser guide stars.
VLT first-generation instruments: goals and status
Guy J. Monnet
The paper deals with the global approach in place at ESO to optimize observing efficiency at the VLT. It involves not only the telescopes and their associated instrumentation, but as a mater of fact the whole observing process from proposals to data distribution. The ten main avenues pursued to reach that goal are presented, and early experience at Paranal Observatory reported. The need for continuous renewal of instrument complements at large telescope facilities is stressed.
Overview of Subaru instrumentation
Masanori Iye, Takuya Yamashita
Proc. SPIE 4008, Optical and IR Telescope Instrumentation and Detectors, pg 18 (16 August 2000); doi: 10.1117/12.395484
The Subaru telescope had its astronomical first light at the Cassegrain focus in January 1999. Fine tuning of the telescope and commissioning of the seven open-use instruments at four foci of the Subaru telescope are in progress. An overview of the updated status of the observational instruments is presented with reference to papers addressed during this series of conferences. General status of the Subaru telescope, the plan for the open use of the instruments, and the scope for the second generation instruments under investigation are also reported.
Gemini instrument program
Douglas A. Simons, Fred C. Gillett, Jacobus M. Oschmann, C. Matt Mountain, Robert Nolan
Building instruments suitable for the new 8-10 m class of telescopes has been a major challenge, as specifications tighten, costs, scientific demands, and expectations grow, all while schedules remain demanding. This report provides a top level description of the status of various elements in the Gemini instrument program, and touches on some of the common problems the various teams building Gemini instruments are having. Despite these challenges, Gemini anticipates harvesting great scientific rewards from the combination of its Observatory facilities and exciting complement of scientific instruments.
Multi-object double spectrograph for the Large Binocular Telescope
Patrick S. Osmer, Bruce Atwood, Paul Laurence Byard, Darren L. DePoy, Thomas P. O'Brien, Richard W. Pogge, David Hal Weinberg
We are building a Multi-Object Double Spectrograph for the Large Binocular Telescope. The main themes of our planned research with the instrument are the formation and evolution of galaxies and their nuclei and the evolution of large- scale structure in the universe, although we expect that the spectrograph will be used for many other varieties of programs as well. The science goals for the instrument dictate that it have the highest possible throughput form 320 to 1000 nm, spectral resolutions of 103 to 104, and multi-object capability over an approximately 6 foot field. Our design is highly modular, so future upgrades should be straightforward.
Hobby-Eberly Telescope: instrumentation and current performance
Gary J. Hill
The Hobby-Eberly Telescope (HET) is a revolutionary large telescope of 9.2 meter aperture, located in West Texas at McDonald Observatory. HET has been constructed by a consortium of US and German universities for about 16 million dollars. First light was obtained on December 11, 1996, HET was dedicate don October 8, 1997, and early scientific operations started on October 8, 1999. The HET operates with a fixed segmented primary and has a tracker which moves the four-mirror corrector and prime focus instrument package to track the sidereal and non-sidereal motions of objects. Here we describe the current performance of the HET relative to its goals.
First generation of instruments for the GTC (Gran Telescopio Canarias)
Maria-Luisa Garcia-Vargas
The presentation summarizes the status of the first generation of instruments for the 10-m Spanish Telescope, GTC. The GTC is planned to have its first light at the end of 2002, and to be operating at the end of 2003. The management plan at the Project Office, PO, for the procurement of the instruments is presented.
Instrumentation options for the Southern African Large Telescope (SALT)
David A. H. Buckley, Darragh O'Donoghue, Nicholas J. Sessions, Kenneth H. Nordsieck
We review the characteristics of SALT and discuss the major science drivers, both of which will decide the choice of a fist-light instrument package. Current science drivers call for instrumentation similar to that of the Hobby-Eberly Telescope, on which SLAT is closely modeled, with fiber-fed and direct spectroscopy in the visible/near-IR being the major observational mode delivering the best astrophysical returns. The suite will include multi-object spectroscopic capability over a continuous wavelength range of at least 400 nm to 1300 nm, with possible extended capabilities to the blue and near-IR. Factors which will decide these limits are discussed, which include mirror coatings and fiber transmission. Other specific science drivers, which may influence instrument choice or design, include photometry, imaging spectroscopy and spectropolarimetry. Possibility exist for different or novel approaches to instrument designs. Together with potential enhancements of the telescope design, these will have some impact on instrument choice. The nature of the first light instrument suite is currently under discussion and will probably be decided by late-2000.
First generation instruments for the SOAR 4.25-m telescope
Gerald N. Cecil
Five SOAR instruments are being designed for high-resolution imaging/imaging spectrophotometry across the isokinetic field and queued/remote observing. Wavefront tilt will be sensed in instruments and corrected by jittering M3. SDSU-2 'Leach' controllers under LabVIEW will operate most detector arrays. All optical instruments emphasize high UV throughput, and will use pairs of UV-enhanced MIT/LL 2 by 4 K CCDs. The University of Sao Paulo may provide a 1500- element integral field lenslet array that is fiber-coupled to a compact spectrography. VPH gratings will be used in this instrument and in the multi-slit spectrometer from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. CTIO will provide an optical mosaic imager with 'trombone'-style ADC, and may also upgrade their IRS with its large complement of existing gratings to a 1 by 1K Hawaii array. Michigan State University may build a 4 by 4K near-IR imager with tunable Lyot filter. Most instruments will be clustered at Nasmyth ports where payload totals 4400 kg. Facility units will allow calibration while another instrument is doing science. The baseline for mechanism control is LabVIEW under Linux in a Compact PCI chassis that is fiber-linked by MXI-3 to a dedicated PC.
Optical Spectrographs I
Commissioning of the FORS instruments at the ESO VLT
Walter Seifert, Immo Appenzeller, Walter Fuertig, Otmar Stahl, Eckhardt Sutorius, Wenli Xu, Wolfgang Gaessler, Reinhold Haefner, Hans-Joachim Hess,et. al.
FORS is an all dioptric focal reducer designed for direct imaging, low-dispersion multi-object spectroscopy, imaging polarimetry and spectropolarimetry of faint objects. Two almost identical copies of the instrument were built by a consortium of three astronomical institutes under contract and in cooperation with ESO. FORS1 was installed in September 1998 and FORS2 in October 1999 at the Cassegrain foci of the ESO VLT unit telescope nos. 1 and 2. FORS1 is in regular operation since April 1999. Regular observation with FORS2 are scheduled to begin in April 2000.
FOCAS: faint object camera and spectrograph for the Subaru Telescope
Nobunari Kashikawa, Motoko Inata, Masanori Iye, Koji S. Kawabata, Kiichi Okita, George Kosugi, Youichi Ohyama, Toshiyuki Sasaki, Kazuhiro Sekiguchi,et. al.
Proc. SPIE 4008, Optical and IR Telescope Instrumentation and Detectors, pg 104 (16 August 2000); doi: 10.1117/12.395414
Faint object camera and spectrograph, FOCAS, is a Cassegrain optical instrument of Subaru telescope. It has a capability of 6 arcmin FOV direct imaging, low resolution spectroscopy, multi-slit spectroscopy as well as polarimetry. Only the imaging mode has been available so far. The overall design, the observing functions, and the preliminary performance verifications of FOCAS will be presented.
Gemini multi-object spectrograph GMOS: integration and tests
David Crampton, J. Murray Fletcher, I. Jean, Richard G. Murowinski, Kei Szeto, Colin G. Dickson, Isobel Hook, Ken Laidlaw, Terry Purkins,et. al.
The Gemini Multiobject Optical Spectrographs were designed to exploit the exceptional image quality anticipated form both the active and adaptive optics systems. High mechanical stability and repeatability and efficient reconfiguration and calibration were emphasized in the design, as well as the usual requirements of obtaining excellent image quality, high optical throughput and low optical distortion. In addition, an active flexure compensation system is used to assist in achieving a primary goal of attaining velocity accuracies of 2 km/s per spectrum in multiobject mode at the highest spectral resolution. Although the field is modest, small pixels are used to fully sample images as small as 0.2 inch and 28.3 million pixels will be recorded by the detector mosaic which consists of three 2048 * 4608 EEV CCDs. In this paper, results from extensive tests made during integration and testing of GMOS N components demonstrate that the design requirements are being met.
Low-resolution spectrograph for LAMOST
Yongtian Zhu, Wenli Xu
LAMOST is a special Schmidt telescope of 4 meters aperture. It will be located in Xinglong station at Beijing Astronomical Observatory, China. The start of science operation is expected in 2004. There are 4000 optical fibers on the telescope focal surface that will feed 16 low resolution spectrographs (LRS) and one or more medium resolution spectrograph and one high resolution spectrograph. Here we present a description of the LRS specification and its optical design. LRS is a multi object fiber spectrograph that is optimized for galaxy red shift surveys. The output bema with f-ratio of 4 from fiber are collimated by a spherical mirror and then are split to red and blue band by a dichroic filter. We use reflective grating as dispersion elements. Spectra are focused onto 2048 by 2048 CCD using fast Schmidt camera with f-ratio of 1. Spectral coverage per exposure is from 370nm to 900nm. The beam size is 200mm resulting resolution 1000 with 3.3 arcsecond fiber slit. The slit with 130mm length picks up 250 fibers, so we need 16 low-resolution spectrograph to observe spectra of 4000 celestial objects in single exposure.
Designing the Gemini high-resolution optical spectrograph structure to meet the flexural performance required at a Cassegrain focus
Andrew Charalambous, James F. Percival, Kambiz Saber-Sheikh, Trevor E. Savidge
The HROS is a Cassegrain focus instrument for use on the Gemini South telescope at Cero Pachon, Chile. It is of novel design, using exceptionally large optical components, and subject to the normal high flexural and stability requirements of optical wavelength instrumentation. To meet these requirements while subjecting HROS to the infinite number of gravity vectors found at the Cassegrain focus has resulted in a very difficult design and analysis of the support structure. This paper describes the mechanical design approach to meting these requirements and presents the flexural performance predictions for the structure as given by Finite Element Analysis.
Design of the high-resolution optical spectrograph (HROS) for the Gemini telescope
Paolo D'Arrigo, Richard G. Bingham, Andrew Charalambous, Ian A. Crawford, Francisco Diego, James F. Percival, Trevor E. Savidge
HROS will be the key instrument for high resolution spectroscopy for UV to near-IR wavelengths at eh Gemini South telescope. The instrument is unique in providing a resolving power of R equals 50,000 at the Cassegrain focus of an 8-meter telescope. Taking advantage of this location, the spectrograph is optimized for high throughput, particularly for the UV region, and high efficiency. Here we present the final opto-mechanical design of the spectrograph, together with its predicted performance. In particular, we show how our design delivers an overall peak throughput of almost 30 percent and coverage of wavelengths between 325 and 885 nm in a single CCD exposure. We also discus the development of the design form the science requirements and some of the mechanical issues that drove it to this solution. Finally we report on the current status of optics procurement and testing.
Design study of an adaptive optics visual echelle spectrograph and imager for the VLT
Roberto Pallavicini, Luca Pasquini, Bernard Delabre, Norbert N. Hubin, Paolo Conconi, Luciano Mantegazza, Ruben Mazzoleni, Emilio Molinari, Filippo Maria Zerbi,et. al.
We present a preliminary design study for an adaptive optics visual echelle spectrograph and imager/coronograph for use as parallel instrument of the Nasmyth Adaptive Optics System (NAOS) on unit UT3 of the VLT. The spectrograph is intended for intermediate resolution spectroscopy of faint sources. It could be used for observations of late-type dwarfs in distant Galactic clusters and in galaxies of the local group as well as for spectroscopy of extra galactic objects like quasars and Lyman break galaxies down to a limiting magnitude of V equals 22.5. The implementation of an imaging gand coronograph mode increases the versatility of the instrument and its scientific objectives. The instrument takes advantage of Adaptive Optics at visible wavelengths both for imaging and spectroscopy. With NAOS at the VLT, the light concentration in these bands will be above approximately 60 percent of the flux in a 0.3 arcsec aperture for typical Paranal conditions. Simulations show that a gain of more than one magnitude with respect to compatible non-adaptive optical spectrography will be possible for sky- and/or detector limited observations. In addition, the smaller diffraction limit in the optical than in the IR will allow a significant gain in imaging and coronography as well. Finally, the instrument will allow gathering unprecedented experience on the performances of AO at visible wavelengths, which will be fundamental for further development of AO systems, in particular for very large telescopes.
Masking techniques at the focal plane of the FORS instruments
Harald Schink, Harald E. Nicklas, Reiner Harke, Reinhold Haefner, Hans-Joachim Hess, Wolfgang Hummel, Karl-Heinz Mantel, Wolfgang Meisl, Bernard Muschielok,et. al.
The FORS instruments are focal reducers and spectrographs which are built in two copies for the unit telescopes UT1 and UT2 of the ESO/VLT by a consortium of University Observatories. An overview of the instrument capabilities is given in a separate paper at this conference.
Fiber feed for the CFHT Gecko spectrograph
Jacques Baudrand, Rene Vitry
Motivated by a strong concern to keep maintenance work as low as possible the direction of the CFHT had for some times contemplated the possibility to replace the original mirror train f/20 focus feeding their Gecko High Resolution Coude Spectrograph by a more convenient fiber link coupled to the f/8 Cassegrain focus. A decision supporting that idea was ultimately taken two years ago and our group at the OPM was contacted to build such a system according to precise specifications. This telescope facility, baptized CAFÉ for Cassegrain Fiber Environment, has now arrived to near completion and we are able to present here its main characteristics and the technical solutions that were adopted to meet the CFHT requirements and to provide the system with the best performances in terms of robustness and efficiency.
ATLAS: a Cassegrain spectrograph based on volume phase holographic gratings
J. Gordon Robertson, Keith Taylor, Ivan K. Baldry, Peter R. Gillingham, Samuel Charles Barden
Proc. SPIE 4008, Optical and IR Telescope Instrumentation and Detectors, pg 194 (27 March 2000); doi: 10.1117/12.395472
We are proposing a new spectrograph (ATLAS) which would revolutionize intermediate-dispersion observations at the AAT. Based on the new technology of volume phase holographic gratings, and using transmission optics, ATLAS offers high throughput and a wide field. It will be ideally situated to extensive surveys of faint objects. It has been designed with a collimated beam diameter of 150 mm, giving resolution (lambda) /(delta) (lambda) up to nearly 10,000 with a 1.5 arcsecond slit and good efficiency. It will be a dual-beam instrument, to maximize observing speed and allow optimized optical coatings to be used. The project is working towards its concept design review which will occur during 2000.
Jean Guerin, Jacques Baudrand, Jean Cretenet, Gabriel Rousset
The fiber link between adaptive optics and oasis will provide at the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope a unique scientific capability to obtain 2D visible and near-IR spectra of objects in the I, J, H bands with a 200 to 3000 spectral resolution and with a 0.15 arcsec and 0.4 spatial resolution. The specific is to use microlens arrays and fibers to link the Adaptive Optics Bonnette with the near-IR spectrograph OSIS.
ZEUS: Zeeman Echelle University of Crete spectrograph
Manfred F. Woche, Jannis Papamastorakis
This paper describes a fiber fed bench mounted echelle spectrograph in white pupil arrangement for the 1.3m telescope on Mt. Skinakas. A telescope adapter with focal reducer, Zeeman analyzer and on-fiber guider connects the telescope over a set of fibers lamps is fiber connected with the telescope adapter as well. The echelle spectrograph with a resolution up to 30.000 will be used for the determination of radial velocities and the longitudinal magnetic fields of early type stars.
Multi-object spectroscopy on the Hobby-Eberly Telescope low-resolution spectrograph
Marsha J. Wolf, Gary J. Hill, Wolfgang Mitsch, Frederic V. Hessman, Werner Altmann, Keith L. Thompson
The low resolution spectrograph (LRS) is the first facility instrument on the 9.2m Hobby-Eberly Telescope (HET). The LRS has three operational modes: imaging, long-slit spectroscopy and multi-object spectroscopy (MOS). We present the design and early operations performance of the LRS MOS unit, which provides 13 slitless, each 1.3 arcsec by 15 arcsec, on 19.6 arcsec centers, within the 4 arcmin field of view of the HET. This type of remotely configurable unit was chosen over the more conventional slit masks due to the queue scheduling of the HET, and the instrument's remote location at the prime focus of the telescope. A restricted envelope around the HET focus at the LRS port forced a very compact design. The MOS unit has miniature mechanisms base don custom cross- roller stages and 0.25 mm pitch lead-screws. Geared stepper motors with 10 mm diameters drive the 13 axes at 0.8 micron per step. The precision of the mechanism is far greater than required by the HET plate scale of 205 microns per arcsec, but result in a robust unit. The slitlets were fabricated at the University of Texas by shadow-masking the slit area with a wire and vacuum depositing aluminum onto the silica substrates. Both sides are then coated with MgF2 which serves as an antireflection coating and a protective layer. Web-based software is available for optimizing the orientation of the MOS unit and the placement of slitlets on objects in the field. These setup scan be down loaded to the unit for configuration outside of the beam while the HET is slewing to its next target in the queue, or while the LRS is used in imaging mode for setup on faint objects. The preliminary results presented here are from one commissioning run with the MOS, where the unit appears to be meeting performance specifications.
MOSAIC: a multi-object spectrograph with adaptive image correction
Ray M. Sharples, Richard M. Myers, Nicholas A. Walton
We have proposed a new Nasmyth instrument for the William Herschel Telescope which exploits the potential of wide field-of-view correction of atmospheric turbulence to produce a versatile, high spatial resolution, high efficiency, multi-object spectrograph and imager optimized for the 0.7-1.6 micron region. Using a low-altitude Rayleigh beacon guide star to correct the boundary layer turbulence which dominates the atmospheric seeing at La Palma on more than 25 percent of nights, MOSAIC combines the angular resolution gains of adaptive optics with the observing efficiency gains of multiple-object spectroscopy. Additional operating modes could include a narrow-band tunable filter and a fiber feed to a bench-mou8nted high resolution echelle spectrography. The instruments would provide a unique capability on 4-meter telescopes, opening up a wide variety of new scientific capabilities ranging from spectroscopic studies of crowded star fields to resolved studies of the kinematics of distant galaxies.
OSIRIS optical design
Francisco J. Cobos Duenas, Jesus Gonzalez-Hernandez, Carlos Tejada, Jordi Cepa, Jose Luis Rasilla
The Optical System for Imaging and low Resolution Integrated Spectroscopy (OSIRIS) is being designed as a Day-One optical instrument for the 10.4 mts Gran Telescopio CANARIAS (GTC). It will be the first instrument, on such a large telescope, belonging to a new class of tunable spectrographs, implementing last advances in Volume Phase Holographic Gratings and tunable imaging combined with charge shuffling capabilities, covering the optical wavelength range. OSIRIS< to be first mounted dat one of GTC's Nasmyth platforms, is designed to be compact enough to fit at the Cassegrain focus as well. The optical design is devised around the classical concept of collimator plus camera. The collimator is an off axis ellipsoidal mirror, while the f/2.475 camera consists of several groups of all spherical surfaces lenses, forming a unit together with the detector rand cryocooler. A folder mirror prevents interference with the GTC acquisition and guiding subsystem. Several combinations of color and interference filters. TFs and VPHs are available in the collimated beam, near the pupil, to provide the wide versatility of required observing modes and resolutions. Short descriptions of the OSIRIS geometry, specifications, design strategy and the optical design are presented.
Tests of SARG: the high-resolution spectrograph for TNG
Raffaele G. Gratton, Giovanni Bonanno, Pietro Bruno, Antonio Cali, Riccardo U. Claudi, Rosario Cosentino, Silvano Desidera, Giancarlo Farisato, Giorgio Martorana,et. al.
We present results of laboratory test of the high resolution spectrograph, that will be soon in operation at TNG telescope, La Palma. These first result shows that the instruments performs according to specifications, providing the expected very high resolution; and that can be operated remotely according to the TNG standards.
VIMOS mechanical and control system design
Dario Mancini, Oliver LeFevre, Oreste Caputi, Luigi Ferragina, Valentina Fiume Garelli, Guido Mancini, P. Tommasi Mavar, C. Parrella, Francesco Perrotta,et. al.
The VIRMOS consortium of French and Italian institutes is building the Visible Multi-Object Spectrograph (VIMOS) and the NIRMOS for the European Southern Observatory Very Large Telescope. Inside the VIRMOS consortium the Technology Working Group of the Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte is in charge of the design, realization and integration of mechanics, opto-mechanical interfaces, control electronics and low level control software. This paper is an overview on the VIMOS technical project managed by the TWG.
Fiber developments at the Anglo-Australian Observatory for SPIRAL and AUSTRALIS
David Lee, Keith Taylor
In this paper we discuss some of the recent developments with optical fibers at the Anglo-Australian Observatory. Firstly we will describe the upgrade to the SPIRAL integral field spectrograph for the Anglo-Australian Telescope. SPIRAL-B uses a crossed cylindrical microlens array to feed 512 optical fibers at F/5.5 providing a field of view of 22 by 11 arcseconds with 0.7 arcsecond spatial sampling. The performance of the fiber bundle, microlens array, and construction techniques will be described. We will also discus the development of prototype optical fiber switchyard as part of the AUSTRALIS concept study. The switchyard provides an 'optical bread' in the fiber, between the telescope and spectrograph, which allows coupling between fibers of different diameters and focal rations. A dichroic can also be incorporated into the switchyard to allow both optical and IR spectrographs to be fed simultaneously. Switchyards therefore provide much greater observing flexibility by increasing the number of possible instrument configurations. We will briefly discuss the merits of fiber switchyards and present the results of FRD and transmission test performed in the laboratory.
PMAS design and integration
Martin M. Roth, Svend-Marian Bauer, Frank Dionies, Thomas Fechner, Thomas Hahn, Andreas Kelz, Jens Paschke, Emil Popow, Juergen Schmoll,et. al.
PMAS has been designed and is currently being integrated as a traveling instrument of the Astrophysical Institute Potsdam. It is a UV-visual integral field spectrograph, with optimized efficiency and stability for use as a 3D spectrophotometer. PMAS is prototyped for first light at the Calar Alto 3.5m telescope with an option to go to other telescopes. We present the final design layout, details of the mechanics, optics, detector systems, and instrument control. We report on the current status of the integration.
Imaging the universe in 3D with the VLT: the next-generation field spectrometer SPIFFI
Frank Eisenhauer, Matthias Tecza, Sabine Mengel, Niranjan A. Thatte, Claudia Roehrle, Klaus Bickert, Juergen Schreiber
We present SPIFFI, the integral field spectrometer for the VLT. This instrument allows simultaneous observation of IR spectra in more than 1000 image points of a 2D field. With its set of four gratings and a pixel scale that can be varied by a factor of ten, SPIFFI provides high flexibility, and at the same time offers the unique possibility of diffraction limited imaging spectroscopy at an 8m-class telescope, when fed by the adaptive optics system MACAO. We outline the scientific drivers for building such an instrument, the concept of image slicing, the optical design, and the implementation of SPIFFI.
Avalanche diodes as photon-counting detectors in astronomical photometry
Dainis Dravins, Daniel Faria, Bo Nilsson
Photon-counting silicon avalanche photo-diodes (APDs) offer very high quantum efficiency, and might eventually replace photocathode detectors in high-speed photometry of astronomical objects. Laboratory studies have been performed on both passively and actively quenched APDs. Peculiarities of APDs include that the dark signal may exhibit bistability, with the count rate jumping between discrete levels. Following any photon detection, the detector itself emits some light, which might be confusing under certain conditions. Deadtimes and after pulsing properties appear favorable, but the small physical size of APDs causes challenges in optically matching them to the entrance pupils of large telescopes.
PADDS: status and future of a cost-effective photon imaging detector
Matthias Pruksch
The photon address digital detector system (PADDS) in its current implementation represents a cost effective and flexible solution for photon imaging. The system is built of an image intensifiers, a position sensitive photomultiplier tube with crossed wire anodes and a digital signal processor (DSP). TO avoid the complexities involved in the development of special devices. All components used are available from stock so as to achieve reliable specifications and low cost. The evaluation of the photon events by a DSP shifts the problem of detection from hardware to software and enables an exchange of the image intensifier to match the wavelength of interest. Design considerations and the status of PADDS are presented, results of an observation of the crab pulsar are shown and future developments are discussed.
Evaluation and detection of photon events by a digital signal processor in PADDS
For the photon address digital detector system (PADDS), the determination of position and time of photon events depend on the algorithm used for detection. The introduction of a digital signal processor shifts the problem of evaluation from hardware to software. Different algorithms can be tested in one setup. For a point source, the algorithms can be compared by the statistical properties of the resulting distributions. The data flow in PADDS is presented and different algorithms are discussed.
Matrix readout for superconducting tunnel junction arrays
Didier D. E. Martin, Peter Verhoeve, Anthony J. Peacock, D. J. Goldie
We report on the design and testing of a new readout scheme for Superconducting Tunnel Junction (STJ) arrays. By grouping the electrodes in rows and columns, this method drastically reduces the number of connections and electronic circuits required for reading out a large format array of pixelated detectors. It is a generic scheme in that it could be applied to different kinds of detector arrays. Using charge sensitive amplifiers with junction field-effect transistors we verify that the energy resolution degrades primarily due to capacitance increase at the amplifier's input node. However, since each detector is read-out by two independent circuits, these two outputs can be combined to increase the signal-to-noise level. The measurements reported here were carried out on an array of 6 by 6 junctions. All junctions were biased but only 2 rows and 2 columns read-out. We compare the result to measurement carried out on a similar 6 by 6 array fabricated from the same trilayer but with individual pixel read-out. The measurements show that stable biasing of STJs is possible with the new configuration and that the measured optical spectral line resolutions are consistent with our theoretical predictions.
CCD and IR array controllers
Robert W. Leach, Frank J. Low
A family of controllers has bene developed that is powerful and flexible enough to operate a wide range of CCD and IR focal plane arrays in a variety of ground-based applications. These include fast readout of small CCD and IR arrays for adaptive optics applications, slow readout of large CCD and IR mosaics, and single CCD and IR array operation at low background/low noise regimes as well as high background/high speed regimes. The CCD and IR controllers have a common digital core based on user- programmable digital signal processors that are used to generate the array clocking and signal processing signals customized for each application. A fiber optic link passes image data and commands to VME or PCI interface boards resident in a host computer to the controller. CCD signal processing is done with a dual slope integrator operating at speeds of up to one Megapixel per second per channel. Signal processing of IR arrays is done either with a dual channel video processor or a four channel video processor that has built-in image memory and a coadder to 32-bit precision for operating high background arrays. Recent developments underway include the implementation of a fast fiber optic data link operating at a speed of 12.5 Megapixels per second for fast image transfer from the controller to the host computer, and supporting image acquisition software and device drivers for the PCI interface board for the Sun Solaris, Linux and Windows 2000 operating systems.
Progress with 6dF: a multi-object spectroscopy system for all-sky surveys
Frederick G. Watson, Quentin Andrew Parker, Gabriella Bogatu, Tony J. Farrell, Brian E. Hingley, Stan Miziarski
6dF is a fully-automated front-end for the multi-object fiber-coupled spectroscopy system of the UK Schmidt Telescope (UKST). It is a magnetic pick-place system with an positioning robot, and it will replace the manually- configured FLAIR front-end that has been operated on the telescope in its present form since 1992. The one-hour reconfiguration time of 6dF makes a range of projects possible that could not be contemplated with FLAIR. Most notable of these is the 6dF Galaxy Survey, a two-part survey of redshifts and peculiar velocities that will become the main task of the Schmidt-Telescope once 6dF is commissioned late in 2000. This will eventually lead to a determination of the large-scale distribution of mass density in the local Universe, which will be a significant achievement for a telescope in the 1-m class. The instrument will be capable of carrying out other survey projects, and 6dF spectroscopy will be the UKSTs main science product for at least the next five years. A notable aspect of 6dF has been the very rapid progress made in its construction by the Anglo-Australian Observatory's Instrumentation Division.
FLAMES: a multi-object fiber facility for the VLT
Luca Pasquini, Gerardo Avila, Eric Allaert, Pascal Ballester, Peter Biereichel, Bernard Buzzoni, Cyril Cavadore, Hans Dekker, Bernard Delabre,et. al.
FLAMES is a fiber facility to be installed on the A platform of the VLT Kueyen telescope, which can feed up to three spectrographs with fibers positioned over a corrected 25 arcminutes field of view. The initial configuration will include connections to the GIRAFFE and to the red arm of the UVES spectrographs, the latter, located on the Nasmyth B platform of the same telescope, is already in operation as a long slit stand alone instrument. The 8 fibers to UVES will give R approximately 45000 and a large spectral coverage, while GIRAFFE will be fed by 132 single fibers, or by 15 deployable integral field units or by one central large integral unit. GIRAFFE will be equipped with two gratings, giving R equals 5000-9000 and R equals 15000-25000 respectively. It will be possible to obtain GIRAFFE and UVES observations simultaneously. Special attention is paid to optimizing night operations and to providing appropriate data reduction. The instrument is rather complex and it is now in the construction phase; in addition to ESO, its realization has required the collaboration of several institutes grouped in 4 consortia.
Optical detector systems of UVES: the echelle spectrograph for the UT2 Kueyen Telescope at the ESO Paranal Observatory
Reinhold J. Dorn, James W. Beletic, Cyril Cavadore, Jean-Luis Lizon
This paper presents the design, construction and performance parameters for the optical detector systems for UVES, the echelle spectrograph for the UT2 Kueyen Telescope at the ESO Paranal. A general overview at system level with a description of the individual components is also given. Emphasis is given on the CCD detectors and their performance. The two rams are equipped with large science CCD detectors, one single chip in the blue arm and a mosaic of two in the red. The blue CCD is a 2K by 4K, 15 micrometers pixel size thinned EEV CCD-44. The mosaic in the red arm is made of an EEV chip of the same type and an MIT/LL CCID-20 chip, which features a higher NIR QE and reduce fringing for the redder part of the spectral range. The read noise archived with the CCDs at the telescope is less than 2 electrons for the EEV CCDs and less than 3 electrons for the MIT/LL CCD at a readout speed of 50 kpixel/sec/port. The system s offer a variety of readout modes, binning options and readout speeds up to 625 kilopixel per second per port with linearity variations better than 1 percent peak to peak at a dark current level of around 0.5 electrons/pixel/hour.
40 CCDs of the MegaCam wide-field camera: procurement, testing, and first laboratory results
Pierre Borgeaud, Pascal Gallais, Olivier Boulade, Pierre-Henri Carton, Michel Gros, Jean de Kat, P. Lee, L. Nemee
The 40 CCDs produced at Marconi Applied Technologies are dispatched at CEA to be tested and characterized before being inserted into the MegaCam camera mosaic. We describe here briefly our CCD test bench, the measurements we perform with it and the results obtained so far. A model has also been developed to interpret the quantum efficiency results.
High-speed pn-CCDs as imaging detectors from 200 to 1200 nm
Lothar Strueder, Robert Hartmann, Peter Holl, Josef Kemmer, Norbert Krause, Peter Lechner, Gerhard Lutz, Norbert Meidinger, Rainer H. Richter,et. al.
Fully depleted silicon pn-CCDs with an active thickness of 300 micrometers exhibit a quantum efficiency of 90 percent at a wavelength of 1 micrometers in the near IR. The multi-parallel readout architecture allows for a frame time shorter than 2 ms for a device having a format of 256 by 256 pixel. It can be operated in a full frame mode and in a frame store mode. The pixel size is 50 micrometers by 50 micrometers . The active area is then 12.8 by 12.8 mm2. Cooled down to -90 degrees C the electronic noise floor is below 5 electrons at 50 Megapixel per second. Quantum efficiency measurements will be shown as well as the physical models of the radiation entrance window. A camera system with comparable specifications - except for the pixel size - was already fabricated for ESA's XMM-NEWTON satellite mission, which was launched in early December 1999. The active size of the detector is 60 by 60 mm2 with a readout time of 4 ms. Future work includes the extension of the active area to 1000 by 1000 pixel, monolithically fabricated on a high resistivity 6 inch silicon wafer. The main driver for this development is ESA's planned XEUS mission, to be launched at the end of the next decade.
High-speed scientific CCDs: substrate bounce
James R. Janesick, James K. McCarthy, Jeff H. Pinter, Taner Dosuoglu
A synergy of digital imaging technologies is taking place that is expanding CCD applications and markets in the high speed arena. Discussions in this paper are directed toward requirements for a new class of High Speed Scientific CCDs. This paper will discuss the theoretical limits in readout rate for maintaining high performance in the areas of charge transfer efficiency and dynamic range. In particular, a high sped problem called 'substrate bounce' is discussed which represent an important speed limitation for the CCD, especially for backside illuminated sensors. Theoretical results are compared to experimental data taken from developmental HSS CCDs recently fabricated.
ROSI: a new cryogenic solution for the CCD on the Schmidt focal planes
Fernando Pedichini, Roberto Speziali, Francesco D'Alessio, Andrea Di Paola
In this paper we present the new optical camera ROSI mounted at the 60/90/180 Schmidt telescope of the Campo Imperatore Station. We have developed a new LN2 compact cryostat designed to be mounted directly at the internal focus of the telescope and optimized to obtain a very long duration of the cryogenic liquid. The instrument is based on a 2K by 2K thinned EEV cooled down to 180K and despite of the reduced capacity of the vessel the overall holding time of LN2 is greater than 10 hours, providing a long working cycle. The CCD is controlled by a modified version of the Astrocam DUO provided by LSR that offers both a high readout speed and a low noise. ROSI has been equipped with the same high transmission filter set use din SUSI2 provided by CETEV. The computer design of the entire instrument allows a negligible obscure of the light path, comparable to the traditional one of the Schmidt telescopes equipped with photographic plates.
Narrowband filter system at the Subaru prime focus
Tomoki Hayashino, Yoshiaki Taniguchi, Tohru Yamada, Yasuhiro Shioya, Tohru Nagao, Toshimitsu Yoshida, Mamoru Doi, Kazuhiro Shimasaku, Yutaka Komiyama,et. al.
The Subaru telescope has an excellent performance of wide field of view at the prime focus. A big area of 30 feet times 24 feet is observable at a time with the prime focus camera. Making the best use of the wide view, we are constructing narrowband (NB) filter system consisting of 20 bands. This system covers the wavelengths between 4,000 angstrom and 10,000 angstrom. The band width (BW) varies form 200 angstrom to 400 angstrom depending on the center wavelength (CW). The resolving power of the system is 23. Each filter has a big dimension of 205mm times 170mm and excellent uniformities on CW, BW and peak transmittance. Employing this filter system, spectroscopy for all objects recorded in fields of view is possible at the wavelength resolution of R23. The limiting magnitude would reach 27AB in reasonable observation time even at long wavelength bands. Such deep NB imaging spectroscopic survey should provide huge catalogue on cosmological objects. Especially, photometric redshift analyses with higher spectral resolution of R23 than ordinary broadband system of R approximately equals 4, will revolutionarily develop studies on formation and evolution of galaxies together with search for large scale structures at high redshift, based on enormous statistics, for example, 104 or more galaxies at high redshift of z > 3. Also, a lot of objects having strong emission lines as QSO/AGNs and Ly(alpha) or more galaxies will be discovered, because NB filter is strong in detection of emission line. The use of NB filter is strong in detection of emission line. The use of NB filter system in survey observations is surely quite conservative in concept and time consuming in general. However, combining this method with the wide field of view provided in the largest class telescope, new window to the universe is going to open.
High-speed spectro-photo-polarimeter for the Subaru Telescope
Kazuhiro Sekiguchi, Mark S. Cropper, Richard G. Bingham, Phil R. Guttridge, Wilf T. Oliver, Ian D. Hepburn
A conceptual design study of a high-speed spectro-photo- polarimeter for the Subaru Telescope is presented. Use of Superconducting Tunneling Junction detectors was compared with the use of Hybrid Photodiode or Photomos arrays with dispersive optics. Expected performances using at the Subaru Telescope were evaluated. This instrument will be extremely useful for a large variety of astronomical studies, especially for the field of mass accretion onto compact objects: white dwarfs, neutron stars and black holes, and low amplitude photospheric pulsation studies of stars.
Mosaic array cameras for NEO and space debris
Scott P. Way, Archie M. Barter, Joseph J. Imamura, Morley M. Blouke, George Tylinski, Chuck Gilman, Syuzo Isobe
The recent interest in detecting asteroids and Reentrant Space Debris has developed a need for large field of view, high-resolution focal pane array cameras to provide for mapping and tracking of these object. Ideally, a number of these cameras would be used around the world to provide a complete sky map. The Japan Space Forum is currently constructing one such facility in Japan. This paper describes the construction and features of two cameras to be used at the Japanese facility. One camera will be used in conjunction with a half-meter telescope and the second camera will be used with a one meter telescope. Features of the camera included radiative cooling of the focal pane array to minimize stress on the detector assembly, a specially designed focal pane array mount to maintain flatness, a 24 hour hold time liquid nitrogen dewar, and high speed fiber optic readout. The cameras feature arrays of up to ten SITe ST002 2048 by 4096 backthinned CCDs for high performance and wide field of view.
40 CCDs of the MegaCam wide-field camera: design and first tests of the front-end electronics
Jean de Kat, P. Abbon
MegaCam is the new wide-field imaging camera currently being built for the new prime focus of the 3.6m Canada-France- Hawaii Telescope. Among all the challenges imposed by the ambitious specifications of MegaCam, there is the CCD Controller. We chose to realize a new highly integrated CCD Controller and to implement some other original solutions. This paper presents the solutions we retained.
Double prime focus camera for the F/1.14 Large Binocular Telescope
Roberto Ragazzoni, Emanuele Giallongo, Fabio Pasian, Fernando Pedichini, Adriano Fontana, Gianni Marconi, Roberto Speziali, M. Turatto, J. Danziger,et. al.
The large Binocular Telescope is currently in the pre- erection phase. The instrument has been already funded and its first-light is expected shortly after that of the LBT. Given the peculiarity of the telescope optics we designed tow prime focus cameras with two five-lens refractive correctors, optimized in the blue-side and red-side of the visible spectrum respectively. This independent coating. Detectors also reflect this choice, being optimized separately. We present the most relevant features of the instrument, the optical design as well as the structural and mechanical layout. Each of the two Prime Focus cameras gather light form a very fast, F/1.14 parabolic primary mirror. The field is corrected over roughly half a degree in size, allowing optical performances in terms of 80 percent of Encircled Energy in better than approximately 0.3 inch. Focal length is slightly increased in order to provide a better sampling using 13.5 micrometers pixel size chips. The CCD array is made up with 4 EEV 42-90 chips, per channel, to obtain an equivalent 6000 by 6000 pixels optimizing the AR coating to the U,B,V and V,R,I,Z bands respectively. The array will be read out in 10 seconds using a 1Meegapixel/second controller with four video channels. The cryostat will use a state of the art dewar to reach an holding time of several days using a limited amount of liquid nitrogen. The whole mechanical design has bene modeled using Finite Elements analysis in order to check for mechanical flexures of the mount tube and of the optical components by themselves. A brief overview of the informative facilities to be provided with the instrument and of a few science case studies that can be attacked by this instrument are also given.
Imaging performance of the mini-mosaic camera at the WIYN telescope
Abhijit Saha, Taft Armandroff, David G. Sawyer, Charles Corson
The goal of much recent engineering improvements at the 3.5m WIYN telescope has been to improve imaging performance that utilizes the good intrinsic seeing at Kitt Peak. This direction complements the efforts of high order adaptive optics by maximizing the usable field. The new 'mini-mosaic' camera, which is a mosaic of 2 4K by 2K SITE CCDs is in the final stages of commissioning. With its 0.14 arc-sec per pixel scale at the Nasmyth f/6.3 focus, it is capable of adequately sampling the best delivered images from the telescope, while maintaining a relatively large field of view. We present some early performance results from this new instruments, and demonstrate the excellent image quality over the entire 9.6-minute field.
Evaluation of cryogenic readout circuits with GaAs JFETs for far-infrared detectors
Kenichi Okumura, Iwao Hosako, Makoto Akiba, Norihisa Hiromoto
The characteristics of gallium arsenide junction field- effect transistors (GaAs JFETs) and the performance of cryogenic readout circuits using GaAs JFETs with various gate sizes ranging form W/L equals 5micrometers /0.5micrometers to 200micrometers /200micrometers to systematically measure their static characteristics and low-frequency noise spectra. We found that the low-frequency noise voltage depends on the device size in the saturation region of GaAs JFETs at 4.2 K, and the power density of the noise voltage is inversely proportional to the gate are. These findings allowed us to determine the Hooge parameter of the GaAs JFET at 4.2 K to be 4 by 10-5, assuming that the carrier mobility is 1.5 by 103 cm2/Vs. On the other hand, we did not find the obvious correlation between the low-frequency noise and gate size in the ohmic region of GaAs JFETs. Based on these measurements for GaAs JFETs, we fabricated and tested a dual GaAs JFET, a source-follower-per-detector (SFD) circuit, and a 20 by 3 channel SFD circuit array. The Common-Mode-Rejection-Ratio (CMRR) of the dual GaAs JFET with W/L equals 50micrometers /20micrometers at 4.2 K was determined to be 40-60 dB under small power dissipation. The performance of SFD circuits and 20 by 3 channel SFD arrays for 2D far-IR Ge:Ga detector readouts are currently being evaluated.
Performance report on FEROS, the new fiber-linked echelle spectrograph at the ESO 1.52-m telescope
Andreas Kaufer, Otmar Stahl, Sascha Tubbesing, Preben Norregaard, Gerardo Avila, Patrick Francois, Luca Pasquini, Alessandro Pizzella
FEROS is a new fiber-fed bench-mounted prism-cross dispersed echelle spectrograph which has been recently commissioned at the ESO 1.52-m telescope at La Silla. The opto-mechanical concept and performance predictions have been presented by Kaufer and Pasquini. In this contribution we present the test results as obtained during two commissioning runs in October and December 1998. Special emphasis is given to the measured performance sin efficiency, spectral resolution, straylight contamination, and spectral stability. The definite highlight of the FEROS instrument performance is the high peak detection quantum efficiency of 17 percent at 550nm. These measured numbers include the 20mirror telescope, the fiber link, the instrument, and the detector while the whole wavelength range is covered by a single exposure on a thinned EEV 2k by 4k 15 micron pixel CCD and a constant resolving power of R equals 48.000. In addition the FEROS instrument proved its high spectral stability by radial-velocity observations as carried out on the known radial-velocity standard star (tau) Ceti over a time base of 2 months. By recording a calibration-lamp spectrum in parallel with the object spectrum and by the use of a simple cross-correlation technique, a rms of 21 m/s has been obtained for a data set of 130 individual measurements. FEROS has ben made available to the ESO community in January 1999.
Data-reduction software for GIRAFFE, the VLT medium-resolution multi-object fiber-fed spectrograph
Andre Blecha, Veronique Cayatte, Pierre North, Frederic Royer, Gilles Simond
A brief overview is given of the data-reduction software (DRS) being developed at Geneva and Paris Observatories for the fiber-fed multi-object GIRAFFE spectrograph - part of the VLT FLAMES facility. The specific aspects of each of three modes is presented and discussed. The localization and the extraction are described in more details, the original features are outlined and the critical issue addressed. We discuss the problem of the PSF variation across the surface of the detector and the impact on the sky subtraction. The strategy of the real-time data quality assessment using the simultaneous calibration exposure is described. Some aspect of the DRS implementation and the VLT environment are discussed. The dirty prototype of the DRS under Matlab including the crude instrument simulator is discussed and some experiments measuring the expected accuracy of radial- velocity are shown.
Development of four multifiber links for the FLAMES project
Laurent Jocou, Isabelle Guinouard, Francois Hammer, Hugo Lenoir
Our team is designing and realizing the fiber links from which two spectrographs will operate at the second unit of the Very Large Telescope. GIRAFFE is an intermediate resolution spectrograph which has access to the entire field of the Nasmyth focus and is equipped with three fiber links producing alternately 132 spectra at the same time, 15 tri- dimensional spectra or 300 spectra for a single object. The last fiber link is intended to provide simultaneously with GIRAFFE, the observation of 8 objects at a higher resolution with UVES. All these observation modes will be available at VLT by the end of 2001. The specific development of the fiber links includes the systematic use of simultaneous calibration. This paper sums up the design of each mode and describes the specific developments required to optimize the performances of the fiber system. A full description of GIRAFFE, of its fiber link and of the related scientific programs is available at http://giraobs.obspm.fr.
PMAS fiber spectrograph: design, manufacture, and performance
Martin M. Roth, Uwe Laux, Wolfgang Heilemann
The Potsdam Multi-Aperture Spectrophotometer (PMAS) is a flexible UV-visual integral field spectrograph designed for operation at different telescopes. It is based on a dedicated fiber spectrograph with a novel, fully dioptic collimator-camera system. The optical system was specifically optimized in terms of efficiency and stability for operation with a fiber input. The final optical design is described with remarks concerning the manufacture and acceptance test results.
Optical Spectrographs II
Performance characteristics of the new Keck Observatory echelle spectrograph and imager
Andrew I. Sheinis, Joseph S. Miller, Michael Bolte, Brian M. Sutin
The Echelle Spectrograph and Imager (ESI) is a multipurpose instrument which has been delivered by the Instrument Development Laboratory of Lick Observatory for use at the Cassegrain focus of the Keck II telescope. ESI saw first light on August 29, 1999. The optical performance of the instrument has been measured using artificial calibration sources and starlight. Measurements of the average image FWHM in echelle mode are 22 microns, 16 to 18 microns in broad band imaging mode, and comparable in the low- dispersion prismatic mode. Images on the sky, under best seeing conditions show FWHM sizes of 34 microns. Maximum efficiencies are measured to be 30 percent for echelle and anticipated to be greater than 38 percent for low dispersion prismatic mode including atmospheric, telescope and detector losses. In this paper we describe the instrument and its specifications. We discuss the testing that led to the above conclusions.
Design, construction, and performance of UVES, the echelle spectrograph for the UT2 Kueyen Telescope at the ESO Paranal Observatory
Hans Dekker, Sandro D'Odorico, Andreas Kaufer, Bernard Delabre, Heinz Kotzlowski
We describe the design and construction of the ESO UV-visual echelle spectrograph and the performance that was measured during its commissioning 1999. UVES is a dual-beam, grating crossdispersed echelle spectrograph. The resolution for a 1 arcsecond slit is 40,000. With narrower slits, resolutions of up to 80,000 and 115,000 are achieved with adequate sampling. UVES provides order separations of minimum 10 arcseconds at any wavelength between 320 and 1050 nm. The wavelength coverage is 100 nm in the blue arm and 200 or 400 nm in the red arm, with possibility to use a dichroic. Some concepts pioneered in UVES are now increasingly being used in other echelle spectrograph for large telescopes: a white pupil design, very steep replicated mosaic echelles, and large refractive cameras with external focus. Regular observations are starting in April 2000 at the Nasmyth focus of Kueyen, Unit Telescope 2 of the VLT array.
VIMOS and NIRMOS multi-object spectrographs for the ESO VLT
Oliver LeFevre, Michel Saisse, Dario Mancini, Gianpaolo Vettolani, Dario Maccagni, Jean Pierre Picat, Yannick Mellier, Alain Mazure, Jean Gabriel Cuby,et. al.
The VIRMOS consortium of French and Italian Institutes is manufacturing 2 wide field imaging multi-object spectrographs for the European Southern Observatory Very Large Telescope, with emphasis on the ability to carry over spectroscopic surveys of large numbers of sources. The Visible Multi-Object Spectrograph, VIMOS, is covering the 0.37 to 1 micron wavelength domain, with a full field of view of 4 by 7 by 8 arcmin2 in imaging and MOS mode. The Near IR Multi-Object Spectrograph, NIRMOS, is covering the 0.9 to 1.8 microns wavelength range, with afield of view 4 by 6 by 8 arcmin2 in MOS mode. The spectral resolution for both instrument scan reach up to R equals 5000 for a 0.5 arcsec wide slit. Multi-slit masks are produced by a dedicated Mask Manufacturing Machine cutting through thin Invar sheets and capable of producing 4 slit masks approximately 300 by 300 mm each with approximately slits 5.7 mm long in less than one hour. Integral field spectroscopy is made possible in VIMOS by switching in the beam specially build masks fed by 6400 fibers coming form a 54 by 54 arcsec2 integral field head with a 80 by 80 array of silica micro-lenses. NIRMOS has a similar IFS unit with a field of 30 by 30 arcmin2. These instruments are designed to offer very large multiplexing capabilities. In MOS mode, about 1000 objects can be observed simultaneously with VIMOS, with a S/N equals 10 obtained on galaxies with I equals 24 in one hour, and approximately 200 objects can be observed simultaneously with NIRMOS, with a S/N equals 10 obtained don galaxies with J equals 22, H equals 20.6 in 1h at Req equals 200. We present here the status of VIMOS, currently under final integration, with expected first light in the summer 2000, together with the final design of NIRMOS presented at the Final Design Review. The VLT-VIRMOS deep redshift survey of more with the final design of NIRMOS presented at the Final Design Review. The VLT-VIRMOS deep redshift survey of more than 150000 galaxies over the redshift range 0 < z < 5 will be undertaken based on 120 guaranteed nights awarded to the project.
Kyoto tridimensional spectrograph II: progress
Hajime Sugai, Hiroshi Ohtani, Shinobu Ozaki, Takashi Hattori, Motomi Ishii, Tsuyoshi Ishigaki, Tadashi Hayashi, Minoru Sasaki, Norihide Takeyama
We are building the Kyoto tridimensional spectrograph II and are planning to mount it on Subaru telescope. The spectrograph has four observational modes: Fabry-Perot imager, integral field spectrograph (IFS) with a microlens array, long-slit spectrograph, and filter-imaging modes. The optics is designed to be used in wide wavelength range from 360 nm to 900 nm. The design well matches with high spatial resolution of Subaru: 0 inch .06 pixel-1 in Fabry- Perot mode, for which we actually will use binning before adaptive optics at optical wavelengths becomes available, and 0 inch .1 lens-1 in microlens array mode. These well sample image sizes obtained by Subaru, which are about 0 inch .4 in relatively good conditions. We have evaluated a point spread function of our cylindrical microlens array and found that it consists of a diffraction pattern and more extended component which probably comes from border regions between microlenses. With a suitable mask at the micro pupil position, the crosstalk between spectra will be limited down to a few percent. With a suitable mask at the micro pupil position, the crosstalk between spectra will be limited down to a few percent. We have succeeded in synchronizing frequency switching of Fabry-Perot etalons with the movement of charge on the CCD. This technique enables to average out all temporal variations between each passband.
High-resolution optical spectrograph (HROS): a summary of progress
Margaret Aderin, Ian A. Crawford, Paolo D'Arrigo, Andrew Charalambous
A design for HROS has now been developed which is able to meet the science requirements as specified by the community. This design calls for a Cassegrain-mounted échelle spectrograph with a resolving power of R=50,000. Efficiency is maximised both by the location at the Cassegrain focus, and by the adoption of prism (as opposed to grating) cross-dispersion. All of the transmitting optical elements will be made of fused silica, to maximise to efficiency in the UV. The design relies on the concept of an 'immersed' échelle, in which the ruled surface of the échelle grating is 'immersed' in a fused silica prism. This paper outlines the working of the HROS instrument and summarises the progress that has been made on the project, on a modular level. The reader is also refered to 3 additional paper in these proceedings. Paper 4008-14 discusses the flexural performance of this instrument, paper 4008-15 discusses the optical design of the instrument and paper 4008-98 describes the Active Flexure Compensation (AFC) that is to be used on the HROS instrument.
HARPS: a new high-resolution spectrograph for the search of extrasolar planets
Francesco Pepe, Michel Mayor, Bernard Delabre, Dominique Kohler, Daniel Lacroix, Didier Queloz, Stephane Udry, Willy Benz, Jean-Loup Bertaux,et. al.
HARPS is a high-resolution spectrograph dedicated to the search for extra-solar planets by means of precise radial- velocity measurements. It will be installed on the ESO 3.6-m telescope at the ESO La Silla observatory and should start its operation son end 2002. The observations will provides for many solar-type stars of the solar vicinity a high number of RV measurements with 1 ms-1 accuracy and will allow the detection of Saturn-like planets. The instrument is a fiber-fed and cross-dispersed echelle spectrograph. It has been designed and optimized to measure the Doppler shift of the stellar spectrum by means of cross correction of the spectrum with a numerical mask. For this purpose the entire spectrum in the wavelength range from 380 nm to 680 nm is imaged on a 4k4 mosaic CCD detector at a spectral resolution of about R equals 90,000. Wavelength calibration is provided by a ThAr lamp simultaneously imaged on the CCD. The HARPS spectrograph is also characterized by its high optical efficiency and the high thermo-mechanical stability. Indeed the whole instrument will be temperature controlled and operated in vacuum, in order to assure its short and long-term stability. This paper summarizes the present status of the project and describes the optical and instrument design of HARPS. Also a short presentation of the scientific objectives pursued with HARPS is given by the author.
NOAO's next-generation optical spectrograph
Samuel Charles Barden, Charles F. W. Harmer, Rick Dale Blakley, Rachel J. Parks
The National Optical Astronomy Observatory is developing a new, wide-field, imaging spectrograph for use on its existing 4-meter telescopes. This Next Generation Optical Spectrograph (NGOS) will utilize volume-phase holographic grating technology and will have a mosaiced detector array to image the spectra over a field of view that will be something like 10.5 by 42 arc-minutes on the sky. The overall efficiency of the spectrograph should be quite high allowing it to outperform the current RC spectrograph by factors of 10 to 20 and the Hydra multi-fiber instrument by a facto of fiber to ten per object. The operational range of the instrument will allow observations within the optical and near-IR regions. Spectral resolutions will go from R equals 1000 to at least R equals 5000 with 1.4 arc-second slits. The large size of this instrument, with a beam diameter of 200 mm and an overall length of nearly 3 meters, presents a significant challenge in mounting it at the Cassegrain location of the telescope. Design trades and options that allow it to fit are discussed.
Cross-breeding of a BEAR and a TIGER: the ultimate imaging Fourier transform spectrometer?
Jean-Pierre Maillard, Roland Bacon
BEAR is a high-resolution imaging FTS in operation on the CFH Telescope, obtained by the coupling of a step-scan FTS and a near IR camera. TIGER is a integral field spectrometer (IFS) for the visible, which was in operation at CFHT, in which a microlens array segments a small entrance field. A new version (OASIS() has been made to be used behind an adaptive optics system, leading to an even smaller field of view. By adapting a TIGER-type field segmentation on an imaging FTS, the instrument remains an IFS more versatile than each instrument taken separately. Such an instrument would be characterized by the access to the same spatial resolution, but on a field larger than with a TIGER instrument, a larger spectral coverage, a continuously chosen spectral resolution as in an FTS, and a better sensitivity than a BEAR instrument. For that, a mosaic of microlens array, made in an IR glass transparent between 1 and 5 microns, is paving one input port of a large field dual-output port interferometer which has a provision for a mirror travel of 5 mm, giving the choice for a resolution up to 104 at 1.7 micrometers . A prism on each output beam disperse the entrance points which are imaged on InSb array. A camera on each output beam records an image at each step of the FTS. This concept can be of interest for the instrumentation of a large ground-based telescope or better for a NGST.
TEIFU: a high-resolution integral field unit for the William Herschel Telescope
Graham J. Murray, Jeremy R. Allington-Smith, Robert Content, George N. Dodsworth, Colin N. Dunlop, Roger Haynes, Ray M. Sharples, John Webster
In order to enhance the spectroscopic capabilities of the William Herschel Telescope (WHT) we have recently completed an integral field unit comprising 1000 elements. Integral field units maximize the efficiency of a spectrograph by re- formatting a 2D field in order to match the entrance slit of the camera. Such techniques enable high-resolution spectral data to be obtained over the whole field simultaneously, and are particularly suited for use with adaptive optics systems. TEIFU is an optical fiber system employing microlens arrays for input and output coupling. The field is divided into two halves, permitting object and background to be derived during the same exposure. In addition, the fields can be optically re-positioned to form a larger, single field for greater object coverage. Thus the observer can choose between different observing modes to emphasize background subtraction or contiguous field. The fore-optics can be changed to alter the image scale and to interface to the NAOMI adaptive optics system which is currently under construction. TEIFU in its present configuration as tested on the WHT, gives a spatial sampling of 0.25 arcsec with a total field of 7.8 by 7.0 arcsec, but a 0.125 arcsec sampling option may be provided. We are also considering an option to upgrade TEIFU for near IR operation. This paper will outline system design, operation and preliminary results.
OSIRIS tunable imager and spectrograph
Jordi Cepa, Marta Aguiar-Gonzalez, Victor Gonzalez-Escalera, Jose Ignacio Gonzalez-Serrano, Enrique Joven-Alvarez, Lorenzo Peraza Cano, Jose Luis Rasilla, Luis Fernando Rodriguez-Ramos, J. Jesus Gonzalez,et. al.
The Optical System for Imaging and low Resolution Integrated Spectroscopy (OSIRIS) will be a Day-One instrument of the Spanish 10.4 m telescope Gran Telescopio Canarias, whose first light is planned for 2002. GTC will be installed at the Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos in La Palma, Spain. OSIRIS three primary modes are imaging and low resolution long slit and multiple object spectroscopy. The instrument is designed to operate from 365 to 1000 nm with a field of view of 7 by 7 arcminutes and a maximum spectral resolution of 5000. Among the OSIRIS main features are the use of tunable filters for direct imaging, the use of Volume Phase Holographic Gratings as dispersive elements for spectroscopy, and the implementation of an articulated camera to provide maximum spectroscopic efficiency and versatility. Here we present a general description and an overview of the main instrument characteristics.
Optical Detectors and Cameras
Recent progress on CCDs for astronomical imaging
Donald E. Groom
We review recent progress in the field, using a s a framework a partial list of present limitations and problems: CCD and mosaic size, packing fraction in mosaics, red response and fringing, and intrinsic point-spread function due to lateral charge diffusion. Related topics such as orthogonal-transfer CCDs and the special requirements of adaptive-optics wavefront sensor are also discussed. Only cursory attention is given to other relevant issues, such as readout speed and anti-blooming techniques.
S-Cam 2: performance and initial astronomical results
Nicola Rando, J. Verveer, Peter Verhoeve, Anthony J. Peacock, S. Andersson, A. P. Reynolds, Fabio Favata, Michael A.C. Perryman, D. J. Goldie
S-Cam is a cryogenic camera for ground based astronomy designed around a 6 by 6 array of Ta-Al Superconducting Tunnel Junctions. The camera has been conceived as a technology demonstrator, aiming to provide the potential of this new generation of single photon counting detectors at a ground-based telescope in La Palma, an improved version of the camera has been developed and tested. In this paper we provide an overview of the latest camera performance, a description of the up-dated S-Cam 2 system and a summary of the main test results. An example of the novel astronomical data obtained during the test campaign conducted in December 1999 are also shortly described.
Development of MegaCam, the next-generation wide-field imaging camera for the 3.6-m Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope
Olivier Boulade, Xavier Charlot, P. Abbon, Stephan Aune, Pierre Borgeaud, Pierre-Henri Carton, M. Carty, D. Desforge, Dominique Eppele,et. al.
MegaCam is the new wide-field imaging camera currently being built for the new prime focus of the 3.6m Canada-France- Hawaii Telescope. The camera will offer a 1 square degree field of view and is built around a mosaic of 40 2K by 4.5K CCD devices. The delivery of the CCDs is proceeding along the schedule, the project passe dits final design review and the realization phase started, for an expected delivery to CFHT in Summer 2001.
Very wide integral field unit of VIRMOS for the VLT: design and performances
Eric Prieto, Oliver LeFevre, Michel Saisse, Clothaire Voet, Christophe Bonneville
This paper presents the VLT-VIMOS Integral Field Spectroscopy Unit. This unit allows to observe a very large 54 inch by 54 inch field on one edge of the VIMOS instrument multi-object field. This unit contains 6400 sets of (mu) lenses-fibers-(mu) lenses, producing the equivalent of a 72 arcminute by 0.67 arcsec slit projected on the sky. Two spatial resolution are offered, coupled with the low and high spectral resolution of VIMOS. The design philosophy, technological choices and the first test result of the assembled unit are presented.
Optimal resolutions for IR spectroscopy through the OH airglow
Paul Martini, Darren L. DePoy
The OH airglow emission lines are the dominant source of background emission in the near-IR J and H bandpasses. In principle, these emission lines can be avoided by observing at sufficiently high spectral resolution, rejecting pixels contaminated by OH lines, and rebinning to the desired resolution. Two trade-offs to this approach are non- negligible detector noise per pixel and the added expense of instrumentation with higher resolution. In this contribution, we simulate various observed and desired resolutions as a function of detector noise and target brightness to develop a set of guidelines for the optimal resolution in a variety of observing programs. As a general rule, observing at a 2-pixel resolution of 2000-4000 provides optimal OH rejection for a wide range of detector noise and source signal.
GOHSS (Galileo OH subtracted spectrograph): a progress report
Dario Lorenzetti, Fausto Cortecchia, Fabrizio Vitali, Enrico Cascone, Francesco D'Alessio, Richard S. Ellis, Agostino Fiorani, Dario Mancini, Ian Robert Parry,et. al.
We describe the current status of the technical aspects of the GOHSS project. It consists of a fiber-fed NIR spectrograph for faint objects. It will be a second-light instrument for the Nasmyth focus of the 3.5m Galileo telescope located on La Palma. GOHSS is an innovative instrument which accomplishes OH night-sky subtraction, differently from the hardware solution used by other devices; it provides a multiechelle design with software OH subtraction capable of yielding about 25 spectra in the z,J and H bands at an effective spectral resolution of about 4000, which is necessary to strongly reduce the impact of atmospheric OH lines. The GOHSS design is completed and the operative phase is already started through the procurement of the most important components. We have also started to develop the data reduction package for the instrument and the first result of the 1D approach as presented.
SWIR at the Nordic Optical Telescope: NOTCam
Timothy M. C. Abbott, Colin Aspin, Anton Norup Sorensen, Preben Norregaard, Johannes Andersen, Michael I. Andersen, Nicole S. van der Bliek, Jacob Wang Clasen, Graham C. Cox,et. al.
We describe the Nordic Optical Telescope's facility short- wavelength IR instrument, NOTCam. The instrument will be capable of wide-field and high-resolution imaging, long-slit and multi-object grism spectroscopy, coronography, and imaging-and spectro-polarimetry. First light will be in mid- 2000. Current progress is summarized and some problems we have encountered and overcome are discussed.
Phoenix: operation and performance of a cryogenic high-resolution 1- to 5-μm infrared spectrograph
Kenneth Harry Hinkle, Richard R. Joyce, Nigel Sharp, Jeff A. Valenti
At the 1998 SPIE meeting we described a cryogenic, high- resolution spectrograph for use in the 1-5 micrometers region. At that time Phoenix had been used at Kitt Peak for about a year. In the intervening two years we have worked extensively with the instrument and have modified a few aspects of the design to bring the operational characteristics more closely into agreement with the original specifications. Changes to the instrument since 1998 that resulted in significant improvements in performance will be discussed. We will review the current operational characteristics of the spectrograph. Phoenix is a facility instrument of the National Optical Astronomy Observatory with use planned at Gemini South and CTIO.
GIRMOS: an infrared multi-object spectrograph for Gemini
Gillian S. Wright, Ray M. Sharples, Peter R. Hastings, Martyn Wells, Eli Ettedgui-Atad, Jeremy R. Allington-Smith, David J. Robertson, Robert Content, Ian Robert Parry
Gemini have funded a design study to investigate the technologies needed in a versatile multi-object spectrograph for IR astronomy. We report on our investigations into wide- field spectroscopy using multiple integral-field units (MIFUs) to match particular areas of interest to the available detector(s). Such technologies enable integral field spectroscopy of several targets over a much wider field than can be covered with a single IFU. A brief overview of the scientific rationale for a multipel0IFU capability matched to multi-conjugate adaptive optics, and with its wider uncorrected field, on Gemini is given. A proposed method of deploying MIFUs is then described along with the optical consequences of the method.
Hobby-Eberly Telescope low-resolution spectrograph J-band camera
Joseph R. Tufts, Marsha J. Wolf, Gary J. Hill
This paper presents the design of a near IR camera for the 9.2 m Hobby-Eberly Telescope (HET) Low Resolution Spectrograph (LRS), which will cover the wavelength range 0.85 to 1.35 micrometers . The LRS-J, an upgrade to the existing LRS, replaces the optical camera with an f/1 camera optimized for the J-band. The instrument design is strongly motivated by the desire to observe galaxies at 1 < z < 2, where the principal strong spectral features used to measure redshifts are shifted into the J-band. Since we are primarily interested in wavelengths up to 1.35 micrometers , mating the cryogenically cooled camera to the warm LRS spectrograph does not result in enough thermal background emission to compromise its performance. LRS-J represents a rapid and cost-effective way to enable multi-object near-IR spectroscopy on a very large telescope.
SWIRCAM: a NIR imager-spectrometer to search for extragalactic supernovae
Francesco D'Alessio, Amico Di Cianno, Andrea Di Paola, Croce Giuliani, Danio Guidubaldi, Dario Lorenzetti, Ezio Micolucci, Fernando Pedichini, Roberto Speziali,et. al.
We present the main characteristics and astronomical results of SWIRCAM, a NIR imager-spectrometer mainly devoted to the search for extragalactic Supernovae, in the frame of the SWIRT project, a joint scientific collaboration among the Astronomical Observatories of Rome, Teramo and Pulkovo. The camera is currently at the focal plane of the AZT-24 1.1 m telescope at the Observing Station of Campo Imperatore, operated by the Astronomical Observatory of Rome. SWIRCAM saw its first light during December 1998 and it is currently employed for both the SWIRT operative phase and other institutional projects.
Multi-object near-IR Grism spectroscopy with the 6.5-m MMT
Rose A. Finn, Donald W. McCarthy Jr.
Wide-field IR cameras, operating on the ne generation of large telescopes, offer unprecedented gains in the detection of faint sources and in observing efficiency for both direct imaging and spectroscopy. PISCES, a near-IR wide-field camera designed for the f/9 secondaries of the Steward 2.3m and 6.5m MMT, is one such instrument that has been operational for over one year. Equipped with a 1024 by 1024 HAWAII HgCdTe array, PISCES offers an 8.5 arcminute field at the 2.3m and a 3.1 arcminute field at the MMT. Here we present our design to upgrade PISCES with a low resolution grism for single and multi-object spectroscopy. The design allows J, H, and K-band spectroscopy in orders 5, 4 and 3, respectively. The combination of 6.5m aperture and multi- object capability will make PISCES a powerful tool for extending our knowledge of the low-mass regime of the initial mass function as well as star-formation in 0.5 < z < 1 galaxy clusters. We discuss design and fabrication issues and simulate the performance of the grism system.
LUCIFER: a NIR spectrograph and imager for the LBT
Holger Mandel, Immo Appenzeller, Dominik Bomans, Frank Eisenhauer, Bernard Grimm, Thomas M. Herbst, Reiner Hofmann, Michael Lehmitz, Roland Lemke,et. al.
LUCIFER is a full cryogenic NIR spectrograph and imager to be built by a consortium of fiber institutes, Max Planck Institut fuer Astronomie in Heidelberg, Max Planck Institut fuer Extraterrestrische Physik in Garching, Astronomisches Institut der Ruhr Universitaet Bochum and Fachhochschule fuer Technik und Gestaltung in Mannheim. The instrument has been selected as one of three first-light instruments for the Large Binocular Telescope on Mt. Graham, Arizona which first mirror becomes available to the community in early 2003. The second mirror and a second more or less identical spectrograph/imager follows 18 months later. Both LUCIFER instruments will be mounted dat the bent Gregorian foci of the two individual LBT-mirrors and include six observing six observing modes: seeing and diffraction limited imaging, seeing and diffraction limited longslit spectroscopy, seeing limited multi-object spectroscopy and integral-field spectroscopy. The detector will be a Rockwell HAWAII-2 HgCdTe-array with a pixel-size of 18(mu) .
AEOS spectrograph
Klaus-Werner Hodapp, Donald L. Mickey, Alan N. Stockton, Gerard Anthony Luppino, Robert J. Thornton, Mark Waterson, Michael Maberry, Everett M. Irwin, Tony T. Young,et. al.
We are developing a high-resolution cross-dispersed echelle spectrograph for installation at one of the coude foci of the new AEOS 3.67 meter telescope, operated by the Air Force Space Command on Haleakala, Maui, Hawaii. The spectrograph will consist of two major subsystems: an optical arm for the wavelength range 0.5-1.0 micrometers and an IR arm for the range 1.0-2.5 micrometers . Both arms of the spectrograph use a white- pupil collimator design to maximize grating efficiency and to limit the size of the camera optics. The optical arm of the spectrograph will use deep-depletion CCDs optimized for operation near 1.0 micrometers . The IR detector will be a 2048 by 2048 HgCdTe array that has bene developed by the Rockwell Science Center for this project. Both the optical and IR arms of the spectrograph will be equipped with slit-viewing cameras for object acquisition and control of a fast guiding tip-tilt mirror located in a pupil image in the spectrograph fore optics.
Differential imaging coronagraph for the detection of faint companions
Christian Marois, Rene Doyon, Rene Racine, Daniel Nadeau
One of the major problems in trying to observe a faint companion from the ground comes from atmospheric turbulence. We present here a new camera capable of subtracting the effect of atmospheric turbulence on the PSF by taking simultaneous images of a star at three different wavelengths centered around the 1.6 micrometers methane absorption band typical of brown dwarfs and jovian planets. It is to be used at the adaptive optics compensated foci of the Megantic 1.6m, the CFHT 3.6m and the Gemini 8.2m telescopes. We present its design, which results from experiences at Megantic and CFHT with various techniques. Simulations predict there will be a 15 magnitude increase in sensitivity for detection of faint companions.
EMIR: cryogenic NIR multi-object spectrograph for GTC
Marc Balcells, R. Guzman, Jesus Patron, Alfonso Aragon-Salamanca, J. Azcue, Jose Alberto Ballester Lluch, M. T. Barroso, F. Beigbeder, Sylvie Brau-Nogue,et. al.
EMIR is a near-IR, multi-slit camera-spectrograph under development for the 10m GTC on La Palma. It will deliver up to 45 independent R equals 3500-4000 spectra of sources over a field of view of 6 feet by 3 feet, and allow NIR imaging over a 6 foot by 6 foot FOV, with spatial sampling of 0.175 inch/pixel. The prime science goal of the instrument is to open K-band, wide field multi-object spectroscopy on 10m class telescopes. Science applications range from the study of star-forming galaxies beyond z equals 2, to observations of substellar objects and dust-enshrouded star formation regions. Main technological challenges include the large optics, the mechanical and thermal stability and the need to implement a mask exchange mechanism that does not require warming up the spectrograph. EMIR is begin developed by the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, the Instituto Nacional de Tecnica Aeroespacial, the Universidad Complutense de Madrid, the Observatoire Midi-Pyrennees, and the University of Durham. Currently in its Preliminary Design phase, EMIR is expected to start science operation in 2004.
PtSi IRFPA camera and its application in infrared solar spectrum observation
Wenda Cao, Binxun Ye, Qian Song, J. He, X. D. Zhou, Kaifan Ji
Although the interest in PtSi IR focal pane array has waned due to its low quantum efficiency compared with InSb and HgCdTe arrays, it is very potential in observing brighter celestial objects. We explored the possibility of applying it to the observation of IR solar spectrum. In the paper, the methods of the simulation and calibration in our observation are introduced and discussed in detail. Using this kind of camera, a new observational band is added to the 2D Multi-band Solar Spectrograph at Yunnan Observatory. The dispersion for FeI 1.56 micrometers of the new IR solar spectrograph is 0.0722 angstrom per pixel, and each vertical pixel represents 0.51 inch of solar disk. It is specially suitable for 2D spectroscopic observation of the deepest solar photosphere. Some primary observation results are also presented.
IRCAL: the infrared camera for adaptive optics at Lick Observatory
James P. Lloyd, Michael C. Liu, Bruce A. Macintosh, Scott A. Severson, William T. S. Deich, James R. Graham
We describe the design, characterization and performance of the IR Camera for Adaptive Optics at Lick (IRCAL). IRCAL is a 1-2.5 micron camera optimized for use with the LLNL Lick adaptive optics system on the Shane 3 m telescope. Using diamond-turned gold-coated optics, the camera provides high efficiency diffraction limited imaging throughout the near- IR. IRCAL incorporates optimizations for obtaining high dynamic range images afforded by adaptive optics, coronagraphic masks, and a cross-dispersed silicon grism for high resolution spectroscopy.
Conceptual design for a NIR prime focus camera for the ESO 3.6
Filippo Maria Zerbi, Fabio Bortoletto, Paolo Conconi, Daniele Gardiol, Emilio Molinari, Claudio Pernechele, Dario Rizzoli
We present in this paper a preliminary design of a near IR wide field imager for the prime focus of the ESO 3.6 meter telescope. Such a design was developed in response to the increasing demand in the astronomical community for a fast and efficient Near IR survey facility taking profit of the small pitch 1k2 and 2k2 Hybrid Focal Plane Arrays recently made available. The prime focus is a privileged location for high throughput instrument since it allows to design imagers with a relatively small amount of optical elements . At the prime focus however the plate scale is constrained to a narrow range of possibility by the F/number of primary mirror since the need to correct for aberrations does not leave much freedom for focal elongation. The ESO 3.6 telescope has a F/3 primary mirror. Unlike most of the new technology telescope of the same size, e.g. NTT or TNG, that have F/2.2 primaries, the longer focal length of the ESO 3.6 allows to reach plate scales of the order of about 15.2 as/mm, matching the scientific requirement for wide field NIR surveys. The Camera consist in a prime focus corrector made of 4 spherical lenses in fused silica providing a corrected field of 45 arcmin 0. The limited number of optical elements maximizes the throughput but does not allow to re-image the telescope pupil to position a cold stop. Therefore a detailed mode of the telescope thermal background has been sued to optimized the baffling system. Only a non-contiguous fraction of the corrected field is covered by 4 Rockwell HAWAII II 2k2 HgCdTe chips.
First test results and calibration methods of CONICA as a stand-alone device
Markus Hartung, Peter Bizenberger, Armin Boehm, Werner Laun, Rainer Lenzen, Karl Wagner
First laboratory test result of CONICA are presented for the variety of observation modes: using the final ALADDIN- Detector, IR images in direct, spectroscopic and polarimetric modes are compared to theoretically expected diffraction limited point spread functions. In long slit spectroscopy, wavelength calibration and spectral resolution is demonstrated for the different grism, slit and camera combinations.
Mid-infrared camera and spectrometer (MICS) and sky noise measurement in the N-band
Takashi Miyata, Hirokazu Kataza, Yoshiko Okamoto, Takashi Onaka, Takuya Yamashita, Kyoko Nakamura
We have developed the mid-IR Camera and Spectrometer (MICS), which optimized for ground based observations in the N-band atmospheric window. The MICS has two observing capabilities, imaging and long slit low-resolution spectroscopy. The major characteristics of the MICS are nearly diffraction-limited performance, both in imaging and in spectroscopy and the capability to take a spectrum of the whole N-band range with a spectral resolving power of 100 under one exposure. The MICS employs a 2D array of 128 by 128 Si:As BIB detector, an aberration-corrected concave grating, and a high-speed read out system of a compact design with high sensitivity. In mid-IR observations form the ground, there is a large background radiation from the telescope and the sky. The fluctuation of the background radiation is not well understood so far. We measured the sky fluctuation in the N- band region with the MICS on the UKIRT. These measurements have revealed that (1) the sky noise was dominant below 0.5 Hz when the sky condition was good, and (2) the sky noise has strong excess at the positions of atmospheric water vapor lines than those without water vapor lines. In this paper, we describe the design of the MICS, including optics, cryogenics, and electronics, and its performance when used on the UKIRT. We also discuss sky noise measured by the MICS in the N-band region.
Test observation results from the mid-infrared imager MIRTOS for the Subaru Telescope
Daigo Tomono, Yoshiyuki Doi, Tetsuo Nishimura
MIRTOS, Mid-IR Test Observation System, is a high spatial resolution mid IR (MIR) camera for the Subaru Telescope. It consists of two IR imagers. One is for MIR bands with a Si:As array with 320 by 240 pixels. It has 21 by 16 arcsec field of view (FOV) with a pixel scale of 0.067 arcsec. It also images the pupil of the telescope. The other is a near IR camera. A 256 by 256 InSb array with 0.028 arcsec/pixel is used to image 7 by 7 arcsec FOV at one corner of the MIR FOV. We apply Shift-and-Add (SAA) technique; a technique that shifts images detecting the displacements and adds them to cancel seeing. However it is often difficult to shift and add MIR images using a reference within because of low sensitivity in MIR for short exposure time. We solve this problem utilizing NIR images taken simultaneously as position references. We call this method two-wavelength shift-and-add (TWSAA). In this paper we show result from the test observations. 1) Pupil image was taken. It shows hot structures around the secondary mirror that are now planned to be covered by reflecting plates to direct the beam to the sky. 2) Correlation of motion between MIR peak position and NIR centroid position shows that NIR images can be used as TWSAA reference for MIR observations. 3) On a standard star and the core NGC 1068, SAA method was applied to reconstruct images. Resulting images show higher spatial resolution than previous observations.
CCD detectors for the advanced camera for surveys
Marco Sirianni, Mark Clampin, George F. Hartig, Holland C. Ford, David A. Golimowski, Garth D. Illingworth, Pamela C. Sullivan, Morley M. Blouke, Michael P. Lesser,et. al.
The Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) is a third generation science instrument scheduled for installation into the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) during the servicing mission 3B scheduled for June 2001. The instrument has three different cameras, each of which is optimized for a specific set of science goals. The first, the Wide Field Camera, will be a high throughput, wide field optical and I-band optimized camera that is half-critically sampled at approximately 570 nm. The second, the High Resolution Channel (HRC) has a 26 inch by 29 inch field of view, it is optimized for the near- UV and is critically sampled at approximately 630 nm. The third camera, the Solar-Blind Camera is a far-UV, photon counting array that has a relatively high throughput over a 26 inch by 29 inch field of view. Two of the three cameras employ CCD detectors: the WFC a mosaic of two SITe 2048 by 4096 pixel CCDs and the HRC a 1024 by 1024 CCD based on the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph 21 micrometers pixel CCD. IN this paper we review the performances of the devices baselined as flight candidates.
New generation of photon counting cameras
Lyu Abe, Alain Blazit, Farrokh Vakili
We describe the current status of photon-counting cameras developed at Observatoire de la Cote d'Azur for ground-based interferometry. The development aims at improving both the time and spatial resolution of our detectors using fast intensified CCD chips, real-time pattern analysis techniques for super spatial resolution implemented on multi-DSP boards. The on-line processing includes a quick look-up of estimated interferometric visibilities in order to dynamically drive the interferometric parameters during the observations. Our cameras will be used in priority on the GI2T/REGAIN dual channel spectrograph which allows 'spectral bootstrapping', i.e. blind fringe acquisition in blue wavelengths, while tracking fringes in red wavelengths. The other applications concern adaptive optics coronography in the visible at Observatoire de Haute Provence and the SPID speckle-interferometric camera at Observatoire de Lyon.
Development of distributed readout imaging detectors based on superconducting tunnel junctions for UV/optical astronomy
Peter Verhoeve, Roland H. den Hartog, Didier D. E. Martin, Nicola Rando, Anthony J. Peacock, D. J. Goldie
Superconducting tunnel junctions (STJs) have been demonstrated as photon counting detectors in the UV-NIR wavelength range. They combine a modest wavelength resolving power with fast response and high detection efficiency over a broad wavelength band. This makes this type of detector an interesting alternative to the present generation of detectors used in UV/optical astronomy, such as CCDs and micro-channel plates. Practical applications require imaging detectors with large sensitive area and good spatial resolution. While the feasibility of small arrays of closely packed STJs which are individually biased and read-out has already been demonstrated, the development of large format arrays is limited by the large number of electronics chains and wire connections to the cold detector which would be required. An alternative approach is to use a large area absorber combined with a few STJs at the edges or corners. A photon's energy as well as its absorption position in the absorber can be derived form the signal amplitudes measured in the STJs. In this paper the performance in terms of wavelength resolving power and position resolution of four different linear geometries of Ta absorbers, read out with Ta-Al STJs, is investigated and compared with single STJs. The UV and optical spectra obtained with the absorbers show resolving powers within a factor of two of the theoretical limit. In particular, a measured resolving power at (lambda) equals 300 nm of approximately 16 with a position resolution of approximately 9 micrometers is achieved with a 100 by 50 micrometers 2 absorber in between two 50 by 50 micrometers 2 STJs.
Active flexure compensation for the HROS spectrograph
Paolo D'Arrigo, Richard G. Bingham, Andrew Charalambous, Kambiz Saber-Sheikh, Trevor E. Savidge
The Cassegrain location of the high resolution optical spectrograph (HROS) for the 8-meter Gemini telescope presents a difficult challenge in controlling mechanical flexure. This is especially the case for a high-resolution spectrography, which requires large and heavy optical components. In HROS, to achieve the required spectrum stability of 2.0 micrometers /hr, we developed a closed-loop monitoring and correction system capable of measuring the spectrograph flexure in as it happens and actively compensating for image motion.
Facilities of small telescopes
Valentina V. Prokofjeva, Alexander N. Abramenko, Valery V. Bochkov
Two digital television complexes with three small telescopes have been successfully used for photometric and spectrophotometric observations at the Crimean astrophysical observatory. All data have absolute calibration, recorded to a personal computer and reduced for flat field and distortion. The high sensitive pickup tube I-isocon of the first complex has mounted at the 500-mm meniscus telescope. The second tube coupled to the 200-mm telescope used as a television guide. The second complex can be used with 380-mm telescope. Two TV complexes can work simultaneously observing one object or different objects. The complex is equipped with filters reproduced photometric B, V, R bands and two spectrographs. The BVR observations of stars with magnitudes up to 19m are carried out with the accuracy of 0.05m with exposure time about several minutes. Simultaneous observations in the BVR bands can be carried out also. The original afocal slitless spectrograph allows us to receive the absolute spectral distribution in spectra of point sources up to 14m with spectral resolution about 50 angstrom and exposure time of several minutes. The slit spectrograph allowed us to receive unique Jupiter observations during its collision with comet Shoemaker-Levy 9.
Safety requirements for scientific instruments
Wolfgang R. Ansorge
The international environment of astronomical research and the worldwide distribution of astronomical institutes and observatories create a high demand of flexibility on the designers and engineers developing and building scientific instruments for use in astronomical research programs. In particular with respect to the safety performance characteristics of the scientific instruments a harmonization process among the various safety requirements could lead to more safety awareness and understanding of these requirements, and also to some kind of standardization concerning the methods and means used during the acquisition period of the instruments to reduce safety risks to an acceptable level.
Experimental and numerical investigation of diffraction anomalies observed in FSS applications
Marcin K. Sarnowski, Thomas Vaupel, Volkert W. Hansen, Ernst Kreysa, Hans-Peter Gemuend, Vera A. Soglasnova
This paper reviews transmission anomalies of freestanding frequency surfaces (FSS), which are commonly used as filter and guiding structures in the far IR region. The effect is characterized by a sharp breakdown of the transmission factor in the passband and was first revealed by measurements. The paper demonstrates the numerical confirmation of these effects by computer aided calculations based on the method of moments combined with the Floquet theorem. The scattering characteristics are examined for different sets of parameters like the geometry of the structure, frequency, angle and polarization of the incident wave. The modeling with electric and magnetic currents allows the characterization of both patch and slot arrays.
New method for determining the transmitted wavefront error of interference filters
Gregory A. Barrick, Todd Szarlan
To assist in determining and tracking the transmitted wavefront error of the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope filter stock, a method for determining the wavefront error, in transmission, of the filters using a white-light source has been investigated. The method uses the ef software from Laplacian Optics which determines a wavefront based on curvature sensing. The filter is placed in a collimated white-light beam. After the filter, the beam is imaged onto a small CCD which is placed on a translation stage. The CCD is moved to either side of focus to produce the two out-of- focus images required for curvature sensing. The results of this investigation compared to results using a n interferometer will be presented.
Manufacturing and heat-treatment procedure for the ALTAIR optical bench
Joeleff T. Fitzsimmons, Scott C. Roberts, Kei Szeto, Jerry Sebesta
The Gemini North Adaptive Optics Instrument is currently under construction at the Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics, National Research Council Canada. In the Altair design, many optical components must be positioned relative to one another within micron-level tolerances. These relative positions are required to be stable over the life of the instrument, all optical components will be mounted to an optical bench. The choice of materials and manufacturing processes are key to the long-term dimensional stability of the optical bench and represent a significant engineering challenge. The candidate materials and manufacturing processes are key to the long-term dimensional stability of the optical bench and represent a significant engineering challenge. The candidate materials and manufacturing options will be discussed. In addition, the final design, and the manufacturing and heat-treatment processes for the Altair optical bench will be presented.
Preliminary design of a NIR prime focus corrector for the Galileo Telescope
Claudio Pernechele, Fabio Bortoletto, Paolo Conconi, Daniele Gardiol, Emilio Molinari, Filippo Maria Zerbi
In this paper a preliminary design for a prime focus corrector to be mounted at the Telescopio Nazionale Galileo (TNG) is presented. The telescope is located on La Palma and has a primary mirror of 3.5 m with a hyperbolic sag. Two optical designs have been considered in order to exploit detectors with 1k by 1k and 2k by 2k pixels. Each design makes use of four lenses, tow of which are aspherical. The first lens diameters are respectively, of 140 mm and 320 mm for the two kinds of detectors. For both designs the telescope pupil is deliberately not re-imaged, and therefore it will not be possible to insert a cold stop. For such a reason particular care has been dedicated to the telescope thermal background study, in order to optimize the baffling system. The optics is able to correct fields of 11 feet by 11 feet and of 60 feet by 60 feet, depending on the design. It should be considered that the particular geometry of the focal plane array mosaic does not permit a full exploitation of the entire field, being based on a combination of four detectors. The selected chips are HgCdTe manufactured by Rockwell, i.e. Hawaii I in the 1k by 1k case and Hawaii I in the 1k by 1k case and Hawaii II in the 2k by 2k case.
Mechanical features of the OzPoz fiber positioner for the VLT
Peter R. Gillingham, Stan Miziarski, Urs Klauser
OzPoz is a multi-fiber positioner which will feed Nasmyth spectrographs on one of ESOs VLT unit telescopes. Its concept follows that of the positioner for the two degree field facility on the Anglo-Australian Telescope. Thus its fibers will be fed from prims housed in buttons which attach magnetically to steel focal plates; a robotic system will position the buttons; and the plates will be interchanged so one can be re-configured while the other is gathering starlight. However, OzPoz has a number of novel features, most notably the use of a pneumatically operated gripper which relies for its accuracy and friction free rotation on air bearings. The robot motions also employ air bearings, with vacuum preloading. The mechanism which exchanges focal plates has been carefully designed to ensure it will survive the maximum likely earthquake on Paranal without significant damage.
Fiber positioning of LAMOST
Gang Wang
LAMOST is a 4m class wide field of view telescope special design for multi-object spectroscopic observation. For the observing mode of low spectral resolution, 4000 fibers are employed. 4000 fibers is a challenge to the positioning of multi-object spectroscopy nowadays. We are going to use a method that each fiber is controlled by independent positioner, like MX. But the working area of every fiber is limited in quite small a region comparing with whole focal pane to reduce the size of the position device so that 4000 positioners could be homed inside focal plate. The first problem of the method we have considered is the usable rate of fibers. Because 4000 fibers employed by LAMOST and a couple of times of targets in a field of view of LAMOST, a reasonable usable rate of fiber is expected. But there are still a few problems we have to solve before the method could be used. Paralleled control of 4000 positioners, the electronic and mechanical interference between positioners may be a trouble. And the stability of bases plate should be considered. Some models of positioners has been proposed and made for test in past two years. They have been examined in laboratory and in observatory.
Dichroic beam splitter for convergent beams
Manfred F. Woche, Uwe Laux, Jannis Papamastorakis
This paper describes a dichroic beam splitter design for convergent f/8 telescope beams with high throughput, excellent image quality and a large field of view. Ray tracing and laboratory test demonstrate the workability of the concept. The beam splitter design is applicable in tip- tilt systems and multicolor imaging system as well in the wavelength range from 360 nm to 1000 nm. Initial observations with a prototype of this new beam splitter design are planned in the second half of the year 2000 at the 1.3m telescope on Mt. Skinakas.
MODS: optical design for a multi-object dual spectrograph
Paul Laurence Byard, Thomas P. O'Brien
The paper describes the optical design for the Multi Object Dual Spectrograph (MODS) for the Large Binocular Telescope (LBT). MODS is designed to cover the entire spectrum accessible to silicon CCDs from a ground-based telescope with the highest possible throughput. Multi-object capability is available using 0.6 arc-minute in diameter with reduce image quality. Under the very best seeing conditions and with the LBT adaptive optics in operation, slit widths of 0.3 arc-seconds can be used to enhance the resolving power and/or reduce the background. The optical path is divided into blue and red channels by a dichroic beam splitter following the slit masks. The blue channel covers a wavelength range from the atmospheric cut-off at approximately 300 nm to approximately 550 nm while the red channel covers the range from approximately 550 nm to the limit of useful sensitivity of silicon CCDs. This approach allows the optimization of transmissive and reflective coatings to provide the very highest throughput for each channel. The design is conventional in the use of reflective parabolic collimators. However, the cameras are designed as decentered Schmidt/Maksutovs with large aspheric coefficients for the inner surfaces of the correctors. This approach enables the field flatteners and detector to be positioned outside the beam entering the camera where it will not vignette. Figures are presented showing image quality for imaging and spectrographic modes.
Design of a convex and camera mirror support system for Altair, the Gemini-North adaptive optics system
Kei Szeto, Scott C. Roberts, Andre Anthony, Joeleff T. Fitzsimmons, Robert Gaunt, Jerry Sebesta, Jean-Pierre Veran
The Convex Camera Structure (CCS) is a welded Invar structure that supports of the final two optical elements in the Altair science path. The CCS assembly holds the large camera mirror, a 295 mm diameter off-axis conic, in close relation with the smaller convex mirror, a 146 mm diameter off-axis conic. The image quality requirement imposed stringent spatial tolerance between the two mirrors: +/- 45 micrometers in axial separation, +/- 70 micrometers in decenter and +/- 30 arcsecond in allowable tilt. These tolerances include contributions from initial alignment error, geometrical and dimensional changes due to gravity and temperature. This paper gives an overview of the CCS and its associated components. Flexures are integral part of the CCS assembly, they are utilized to connect the CCS to the aluminum main optical bench, the mirror to the six degree- of-freedom mount, and the 6DOF mount to the CCS end plate. The design considerations and engineering analyses of the CCS assembly are outlined.
Prime focus coma corrector for the MMT with off-the-shelf components
Maud P. Langlois, James Roger P. Angel, Michael Lloyd-Hart
A small prime focus corrector for the new 6.5 m MMT telescope has been built using small off-the-shelf optical components. Its purpose is to aid in initial test of the primary mirror. At f/1.25 the paraboloidal primary is by far the fastest of any large telescope, and without correction the field and the plate scale are both inconveniently small. The corrector design is based on the Maksutov camera, with a concave spherical relay mirror and a refractive meniscus corrector to subtract the coma introduced by the primary mirror and balance out the spherical aberration from the relay mirror. The result is a 48 arcsec field at f/7 with 80 percent encircled energy within 0.25 arcsec diameter. The instrument includes a CCD with 500 by 500 20 micron pixels, a guide camera and provision for a fast wavefront sensor to measure mirror figure and atmospheric turbulence. The instrument was tested at the telescope before implementation of the active control of mirror support forces or the mirror air conditioning system. Nevertheless images with FWHM 0.53 arcsec were recorded.
Mechanical design of Altair, the Gemini-North adaptive optics system
Scott C. Roberts, Joeleff T. Fitzsimmons, Kei Szeto, Andre Anthony, Greg Siddall, Robert Gaunt, Philip Shott, Jerry Sebesta, Karen Taylor,et. al.
Altair is the facility adaptive optics system for the Gemini-North 8-meter Telescope. This paper gives an overview of the key mechanical systems and feature of Altair including the optical bench assembly mechanics and opto- mechanics, the instrument structure, and the electronics enclosure.
Mechanically actuated reconfigurable slits (MARS) for visible and infrared multi-object spectrographs
Scott C. Roberts, Carrie Abbott, Andre Anthony, Daniel Booy, Robert Gaunt, Alexis Hill, Geoff Kabush, Andrew McIlwain, Karen Taylor,et. al.
Mechanically Actuated Reconfigurable Slits (MARS) provide a remote means of creating and reconfiguring multi-object spectrograph slits. The MARS design provides 99 individually positionable variable-width slits over a 180 mm square telescope focal plane. It offers fast, remote configurable, suitable for optical and IR ground and space based multi- object spectrographs. The slit apertures are arranged in three columns, to optimize the placement of the spectra on the detector. Two distinct MARS designs are presented, mechanically actuated strips and mechanically actuated rolls. The methods configure the slits by translating thin strips of material across the telescope focal pane. Slits are formed either by an aperture cut in the strip or by bringing two separate strips together head-to-head.
Infrared Spectrographs I
ISAAC at the VLT: one year later
Jean Gabriel Cuby, Chris Lidman, Claire Moutou, Monika Petr
Proc. SPIE 4008, Optical and IR Telescope Instrumentation and Detectors, pg 1036 (16 August 2000); doi: 10.1117/12.395421
ISAAC is an IR imager and spectrometer installed at the first Unit Telescope of the ESO-VLT. ISAAC started science operations in April 99. We present the instrument characteristics, its performance and operation.
Performance and results with the NIRSPEC echelle spectrograph on the Keck II telescope
Ian S. McLean, James R. Graham, Eric E. Becklin, Donald Frank Figer, James E. Larkin, N. A. Levenson, Harry I. Teplitz
This paper describes the performance of NIRSPEC, the cryogenic cross-dispersed IR echelle spectrograph for the Keck II telescope on Mauna Kea. NIRSPEC employs a 1024 by 1024 InSb array, diamond-machined metal optics and closed- cycle refrigeration on achieve high throughput and low backgrounds. The instrument operates directly at the f/15 Nasmyth focus, but can also be used in conjunction with the Keck adaptive optics system. First Light was obtained on April 25, 1999. As expected, the performance is detector- limited at short wavelengths and background-limited at longer wavelengths. All of the design goals have been met and result illustrating the optical performance and sensitivity are reported.
IRCS: infrared camera and spectrograph for the Subaru Telescope
Naoto Kobayashi, Alan T. Tokunaga, Hiroshi Terada, Miwa Goto, Mark Weber, Robert Potter, Peter M. Onaka, Gregory K. Ching, Tony T. Young,et. al.
We report current status of the IR Camera and Spectrograph (IRCS) for the Subaru Telescope. IRCS is a Subaru facility instrument optimized for high-resolution images with adaptive optics (AO) and tip-tilt at 1-5 micrometers . IRCS consists of two parts: one is a cross-dispersed spectrograph providing mid to high spectral resolution, the other is a near-IR camera with two pixel scales, which also serves as an IR slit-viewer for the echelle spectrograph. The camera also has grisms for low to medium resolution spectroscopy. We have just completed the first engineering run about one month before this SPIE conference. It was an initial performance evaluation without AO or tip-tilt to check IRCS and its interface to the telescope. We confirmed the basic imaging and spectroscopic capability we had estimated.
Integration and testing of the UKIRT imaging spectrometer (UIST)
Suzanne K. Ramsay-Howat, Maureen A. Ellis, David C. Gostick, Peter R. Hastings, Mel Strachan, Martyn Wells
We present results on the integration and testing of an imaging spectrometer for the 1-5micrometers wavelength band. UIST offers high angular resolution imaging and spectroscopy and has been designed to exploit the best performance of the UK IR Telescope. In addition to imaging with 0.24arcsec and 0.12arcsec resolution, long-slit and cross-dispersed spectroscopy, UIST has an integral field mode using a reflective image slicer. An image rotator allows the slits and the rectangular field of view of the IFU to be oriented at any position angle on the sky. The UIST optical design relies on refractive optics with the spectroscopy provided by both replicated and direct-ruled grisms. The lenses are mounted in mechanical modules which also contain the mechanisms, such as the filter and slit wheels. The integration of the opto-mechanical system will be discussed. The high tolerances on positioning the optical components to be used under cryogenic conditions are achieved by mechanical alignment on an optical bench which is an integral part of the instrument. Initial tests of the cryogenic performance of the optics will be presented. The UIST detector is an 1024 by 1024 InSb 'ALADDIN' array from the Raytheon IR Center of Excellence. The array controller is modified from 'EDICT', a VME processor based system which was developed at the UK ATC to control the mid-IR arrays used in the MICHELLE spectrometer. Progress on the integration of the UIST detector and controller will be discussed.
High-resolution infrared echelle spectrograph (CRIRES) for the VLT
Guenther Wiedemann, Bernard Delabre, Gotthard Huster, Alan F. M. Moorwood, Barbara Sokar
The 105 resolution spectrograph 'CRIRES' for the 1-5 micrometers wavelength range is under construction for ESO's Very Large Telescope. The Nasmyth-mounted instrument sues an adaptive optics front-end for light concentration and 0.2 arcsec spatial resolution in the main long-slit spectroscopy mode. Three detector arrays will be used for large single- order wavelength coverage. Many components for this large cryogenic spectrograph are based on developments for earlier ESO IR instruments.
Optical design for IRIS2: the AAT's next infrared spectrometer
Peter R. Gillingham, Damien J. Jones
IRIS2 will provide direct imaging and low dispersion spectroscopy on the Anglo-Australian Telescope (AAT) using a 1K by 1K HgCdTe array and be capable of a future upgrade - by installing a new camera - to use a 2K by 2K array. It will be used primarily with the f/8 telescope configuration but can also be used with f/15 and f/36 configurations. The optics will be entirely transmissive with all spherical surfaces. The collimator will have four elements and the camera, five. With a 50mm collimated beam diameter and an f/2.2 camera, the 1K array will provide a field 7.6 arcmin square with pixels equivalent to 0.45 arcsec. If a 2K array is fitted later, an f/4 camera will give an 8.0 arcmin square field with pixels 0.24 arcsec square. Zemax was used to optimize the design as a multi-configuration system, so that a balance was maintained between direct imaging and spectroscopic performance and between the three atmospheric windows. For direct imaging with the f/2.2 camera, a diffraction based calculation indicates the energy inside a circle inscribed within one pixel is always better than 80 percent of that for a diffraction limited system. Particular care was taken to provide good imaging of the telescope pupil onto the cold stop in K.
LUCIFER-MOS: a cryogenic multi-object infrared spectrograph for the LBT
Reiner Hofmann, Niranjan A. Thatte, Matthias Tecza, Frank Eisenhauer, Matthew D. Lehnert
LUCIFER-MOS is a liquid nitrogen cooled near IR multi object spectrograph imaging 20 freely selectable sub-fields of about 2.2 inch by 1.8 inch and 6 by 4 image elements each on the entrance slit of the LUCIFER spectrograph. The image elements are re-arranged by 480 fused silica fibers of 50 micrometers core diameter and 100 micrometers total diameter with integrated, hexagonal lenslets of 0.6 mm width corresponding to a 0.3 inch field. The pre-optics magnifies the telescope image by a factor 3.3, thus adapting the telescope plate scale to the lenslet scale, and additionally providing a cold stop. The post-optics converts the f/3 fiber output beam to the f/15 beam accepted by the spectrograph. Each of the 20 6 by 4 fiber arrays together with its pre-optics is mounted in a spider arm which can be freely positioned within the 200 mm diameter field of view by a cryogenic robot. The robot performs three rotational movements to position the spider arms and is driven by cold stepper motors. The spider arms are locked in their positions by two permanent magnets each. Their magnetic field can be compensated by coils to unlock the arms and move them across the field of view.
MIRCAMOS: a mosaic IR camera and multi-object spectrograph for CFHT
Rene Doyon, Simon Thibault, Daniel Nadeau, Philippe Vallee
We present the preliminary conceptual design of a Mosaic IR Camera and Multi-Object Spectrography (MIRCAMOS) for the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope. The instrument houses 4 Hawaii-2 2048 by 2048 HgCdTe detectors sensitive between 0.8 and 2.5 micrometers . The optics is all reflective, featuring a warm corrector with fast tip/tilt capability and 4 cryogenic optical trains. The pixel scale is 0.20 inch/pixel yielding a field of view of 13.7 feet by 13.7 feet. Z, J, H or K band spectroscopy at R approximately 1500 is obtained with a single grating setting. A cryogenic slit wheel unit featuring several positions for multi-object custom masks is mounted within a separate cryostat designed to be thermally cycled within 8 hours for rapid exchange of MOS masks. Each mask can hold up to approximately 300 slitlets distributed over a FOV of 7 feet by 13.7 feet. MIRCAMOS is very competitive compared with similar instruments planned for 8- 10 m telescopes.
Fiber multi-object spectrograph (FMOS) for the Subaru Telescope
Toshinori Maihara, Kouji Ohta, Naoyuki Tamura, Hiroshi Ohtani, Masayuki Akiyama, Junichi Noumaru, Norio Kaifu, Hiroshi Karoji, Masanori Iye,et. al.
Design concept of the fiber multi-object spectrograph (FMOS) for Subaru Telescope together with innovative ideas of optical and structural components is presented. Main features are; i) wide field coverage of 30 arcmin in diameter, ii) 400 target multiplicity, iii) 0.9 to 1.8 micrometers near-IR wavelengths, and iv) OH-airglow suppression capability. The instrument is proposed to be built under the Japan-UK-Australia international collaboration scheme.
Infrared Spectrographs II
Final design of VISIR: the mid-infrared imager and spectrometer for the VLT
Pierre-Olivier Lagage, Gilles A. Durand, Charles Lyraud, Yvon Rio, Jan-Willem Pel, Johannes C.M. de Haas
In this paper, we present the status of VISIR, the mid-IR instrument to be installed in 2001 at the Cassegrain focus of YEPUN, the telescope unit number 4 of the European Very Large Telescope program. This cryogenic instrument, optimized for both mid-IR atmospheric windows, combines imaging capabilities over a field up to about 1 arcmin at the diffraction limit of the telescope, and long-slit grating spectroscopy capabilities with various spectral resolution up to 25000 at 10 micrometers at 20 micrometers . The contrast to design and build VISIR was signed in November 1996 between the European Southern Observatory and French-Dutch consortium of institutes led by Service d'Astrophysique of Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique. A key step in the project has been passed in 1999: the final design review. The instrument is now in the manufacture phase. Several subsystems have already been built and tested. The integration of the whole instrument is scheduled to start in December 2000.
TIMMI2: a new multimode mid-infrared instrument for the ESO 3.6-m telescope
Hans-Georg Reimann, Hendrick Linz, Ralf Wagner, Helena Relke, Hans-Ulrich Kaeufl, Eberhard Dietzsch, Martin Sperl, Josef Hron
TIMMI2 is a focal reducer with variable magnification using a reflective collimator and various camera lenses from Silicon, CdTe, Germanium and KRS-5. The primary operating wavelength is 8-24 microns with limited access also to the 3-5 micron region. Longslit and Echelle spectroscopy up to a resolving power of 1000 are implemented with grisms. A cryogenic wire grid polarizer allows for imaging polarimetry. TIMMI2 uses a 240 X 320 As:Si detector array and is cooled by a 2 stage Gifford-McMahon cooler. Maximum field is 72 X 96 arcsec. TIMMI2 has 5 internal cryogenic functions and one external wheel holding calibration targets. TIMMI2 will be interfaced to the 3.6m telescope with a special IR adapter allowing wheel holding registration of the IR images with respect to astrometric reference frames. The instrument design, electronics and results from laboratory test will be presented. Sensitivity estimates as well as an outlook on possible astronomical programs will be given.
COMICS: the cooled mid-infrared camera and spectrometer for the Subaru telescope
Hirokazu Kataza, Yoshiko Okamoto, Shinya Takubo, Takashi Onaka, Shigeyuki Sako, Kyoko Nakamura, Takashi Miyata, Takuya Yamashita
In this paper, we present the design and test performance of the COMICS, the mid-IR instrument for the 8.2 m Subaru Telescope at Mauna Kea. The instrument has both imaging and long slit grating spectroscopy capabilities in the 8-26 micrometers wavelength range. In the camera section, there are selectable three sets of lens assembly, one for the 10 micrometers imaging, another for the 20 micrometers imaging, and the other for the 10 micrometers pupil imaging. This camera section has an SBRC 320 X 240 Si:As IBC array and serves as a slit viewer and as a camera pixel scale of 0.130 arcsec. The spectrograph section is designed to have fiber SBRC 320 X 240 Si:As IBC arrays. Five arrays will cover 8-13 micrometers wavelength range in two positions of the grating with resolving power around 2500. So far, two arrays are installed for the spectrograph section and full spectral region is covered with tilting the grating. Selectable four sets of gratings provide spectral resolution ranging from 250 to 10000 in the N band and around 2500 in the Q band.
Coronagraph imager with adaptive optics (CIAO): description and first results
Motohide Tamura, Hiroshi Suto, Yoichi Itoh, Noboru Ebizuka, Yoshiyuki Doi, Koji Murakawa, Saeko S. Hayashi, Yumiko Oasa, Hideki Takami,et. al.
We describe a near-IR coronagraphic camera built for use with the Subaru 8.2-m telescope and its adaptive optics system. The purpose of this instrument CIAO is to obtain high-resolution images of faint objects in close vicinity of bright objects at IR wavelengths. Such a desire is strong in astronomy, especially in the study of companion brown dwarfs and extra-solar planets, circumstellar disks around both young stellar objects and main-sequence stars, jets and outflows form both young stellar objects and main-sequence stars, jets and outflows from both young stars and evolved stars, circumnuclear regions around AGNs, and host galaxies of QSOs. CIAO is a 1-5 micron camera with tow focal plate scales: 22 milli-arcsec/pixel and 11 milli-arcsec/pixel. The camera is equipped with the standard broad-band filters as well as a number of narrow-band filters. Choice of masks, filters and camera lenses and optical alignment with collimator and detector are made with cryogenic motors. CIAO utilizes one ALLADIN II 'science'-grade detector array manufactured by SBRC. Occulting masks whose diameter ranges from 0.1 to 3 arcsec and several types of pupil masks are selectable, all cooled down to about 60 K and the detector is cooled to about 30 K. Also available are a R <EQ 1000 grism with coronagraphic slits and a polarimetric module. We also present preliminary results from the first commissioning run at the Subaru telescope.
LIRIS (long-slit intermediate-resolution infrared spectrograph): project status
Arturo Manchado-Torres, Mary Barreto, Jose Acosta-Pulido, Francisco Prada, Carlos Dominguez-Tagle, Santiago Correa, Ana Belen Fragoso-Lopez, F. Javier Fuentes, Jose Luis Iserte,et. al.
LIRIS is a near-IR intermediate resolution spectrograph with added capabilities for multi-object, imaging, coronography, and polarimetry. This instrument is now being constructed at the IAC, and upon complexion will be installed on the 4.2m William Herschel Telescope at the Observatorio del Roque de Los Muchachos. The optical system uses lenses and is based on a classical collimator/camera design. Grisms are used as the dispersion elements. The plate scale matches the median seeing at the ORM. The detector is a Hawaii 1024 X 1024 HgCdTe array operating at 60K.
Integral field spectroscopy with the GEMINI multi-object spectrographs
Jeremy R. Allington-Smith, Robert Content, George N. Dodsworth, Graham J. Murray, Deqing Ren, David J. Robertson, James E.H. Turner, John Webster
The GEMINI Multiobject Spectrograph (GMOS), due for delivery in late 2000, will include a powerful integral field spectroscopic capability. The instrument scan switch to this mode by the remote insertion of an integral field unit (IFU) into the focal plane in place of multiobject masks. The initial implementation of the GMOS IFU will cover a field in excess of 50 square arcsec with a sampling of 0.2 arcsec via 1500 spatial elements with spectra covering up to 3000 pixels. The spectrum length may also be doubled by halving the field. A separate field is provided at fixed offset to facilitate accurate background subtraction. The system employs a fiber-lenslet technique that provides significant benefits over unlensed fiber reformatters and fiberless lenslet arrays. The specific advantages are unit filling factor, high throughput and long spectra. The IFU has been designed in the light of our experience with two other successful devices of this type. We summarize the design of the device and discuss how the IFU will be operated within the context of GMOS and the GEMINI telescopes. Finally, we present options for implementing IFUs with finer spatial resolution on GMOS.
Integral field unit for the Gemini near-infrared spectrograph
C. Marc Dubbeldam, Robert Content, Jeremy R. Allington-Smith, Serge Pokrovski, David J. Robertson
The Gemini Near IR Spectrograph (GNIRS) currently under development at NOAO and scheduled for delivery in the summer of 2002, will include a powerful and innovative Integral Field Spectroscopy (IFS) capability. The design, integration and test of the GNIRS Integral Field Unit (IFU) are the responsibility of the University of Durham's Astronomical Instrumentation Group. The Critical Design Review is scheduled during the second quarter of the year 2000. Its design is based on the Advanced Image Slicer concept developed as a result of research conducted under the auspices of the Durham Instrumentation R and D Program. A slicer-based system has many advantages over fiber-based designs, especially for cryogenic instruments. The GNIRS IFU consists of two self-contained modules mounted inside the GNIRS slit slide mechanism. This slide mechanism is employed to select the required spectroscopy mode by sliding the respective module into the instrument's optical path. The low resolution option provides a field of view of 3.2 inch X 4.4 inch with a sampling resolution of 0.15 inch over 625 spatial elements and a spectrum length of 1024 pixels, whereas the high resolution optic provides a field of view of 1.0 inch by 1.5 inch with a sampling resolution of 0.04 inch over 972 spatial elements and a spectrum length of 1024 pixels. This paper gives an overview of the IFUs optical design, which has been optimized to take full advantage of the excellent image quality provided by the Gemini telescopes, and the mechanical design.
CIRPASS: a NIR integral field and multi-object spectrograph
Ian Robert Parry, Craig D. Mackay, Rachel A. Johnson, Richard G. McMahon, Andrew Dean, Anamparambu N. Ramaprakash, David L. King, Jim M. Pritchard, Steve R. Medlen,et. al.
We describe CIRPASS which is currently being completed at the Institute of Astronomy in Cambridge. The optical design is presented and contrasted with more conventional software- suppression designs. The limiting magnitudes on Gemini are expected to be J 22.6 and H 21.7 in a 3 hour exposure.
Characterization of cooled infrared fibers for the Gemini IRMOS
Roger Haynes, Ivan K. Baldry, Keith Taylor, David Lee
Recently integral field spectroscopy has become a band-wagon among the optical astronomical community and most of the 8m class telescopes plan to offer this as part of their instrumentation package. The possibility of expanding integral field spectrsopcy into the near IR opens exciting new possibilities for the study of a variety of astronomical objects.
Design and testing of a cryogenic image slicing IFU for UKIRT and NGST
Martyn Wells, Peter R. Hastings, Suzanne K. Ramsay-Howat
We present her the opto-mechanical design of an image slicer with reference to designs for a deployable IFU for UIST and two mid-IR IFUs for NGST. Particular attention is paid to how the design achieves a number of goals required of an IFU working in an astronomical IR instrument.
Infrared Detectors and Cameras
Near-infrared detector arrays: current state of the art
Klaus-Werner Hodapp
The current state-of-the-art in large format near-IR detector array fabrication is discussed. Near-IR detector arrays of 1024 by 1024 pixels format, both in HgCdTe and InSb, are now in use in many astronomical instruments and are performing very well. The next step in detector array size has just been taken and Rockwell has produced the first science-grade 2048 by 2048 HgCdTe array. Further advances in performance are required for medium and high resolution spectroscopy and for future space missions, in particular the next generation space telescope. Technologies are being developed that will allow us to overcome most of the performance limitations of today's near-IR detector arrays.
Visible and infrared detectors at Rockwell Science Center
Lester J. Kozlowski, John T. Montroy, Craig A. Cabelli, Donald E. Cooper, Annie Chi-yi Chen, Gary L. Bostrup, Yibin Bai, Kadri Vural, Klaus-Werner Hodapp,et. al.
Rockwell Space Center is developing low-noise visible and IR imaging sensors and systems for astronomy, high-end commercial, NASA, and advanced military applications. The first science grade 2048 by 2048 HAWAII-2 focal plane array (FPA) for astronomy was recently demonstrated for the SWIR waveband. Science-grade deliveries to the University of Hawaii's Institute for Astronomy, the European Southern Observatory and the Subaru Telescope, among others, will soon start. MWIR/visible 2048 by 2048 HAWAII-2 arrays are also being developed for the NGST program using our process for removing the CdZnTe substrate from the back-side illuminated HgCdTe FPAs to detect visible radiation in addition to IR. Previously, more than 25 science grade 2.5micrometers 1024 by 1024 HAWAII FPAs were delivered for use in many observatories; these typically exhibit < 0.1 e-/s dark current and < 10 e- read noise after correlated double sampling at temperatures above 60K. 1024 by 1024 FPAs development is also continuing; dark current < 1 e-/s has been measured at 140K for a NIR 1024 by 1024 HAWAII array. In a related effort, development of high frame rate, low noise FPAs has begun for wavefront sensing including adaptive optical systems for both visible and NIR/SWIR bands. Hybrid Visible Silicon Imager development is also continuing, expanding the success achieved with prior 640 by 480 FPAs. We are now demonstrating 1024 by 1024 arrays with 0.3-1.05 micrometers response. The silicon detectors in HyViSI FPAs are independently processed on silicon wafers and mated to the same multiplexers fabricated originally for interface to HgCdTe detectors. HyViSI FPA quantum efficiency is > 90 percent with near-100 percent fill factor, and the dark current is negligible with minimum cooling. Our near-term plan to develop 4096 by 4096 visible and IR FPAs will also be discussed.
Characterization of λc=5 μm Hg:Cd:Te arrays for low-background astronomy
Donald N. B. Hall, Klaus-Werner Hodapp, David L. Goldsmith, Craig A. Cabelli, Allan K. Haas, Lester J. Kozlowski, Kadri Vural
Hg:Cd:Te grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy onto a lattice matched Cd:Zn:Te substrate with Double Layer Planar Heterostructure architecture holds promise of extremely low, near theoretical dark current out to wavelengths beyond 5 micrometers while eliminating the persistent images and reduced short-wave quantum efficiency disadvantages of the liquid phase epitaxial (LPE) material now in widespread astronomical use. We report on the characterization of two Rockwell FPAs consisting of (lambda) c approximately 4.75 micrometers MBE material hybridized to 1K by 1K HAWAII multiplexers within the context of establishing their performance relative to the stringent focal plane goals for the Next Generation Space Telescope (NGST). The effort has concentrated primarily on characterizing total FPA noise at selected temperatures from 30 to 90 K although short wave quantum efficiency and image persistence have also been measured. The test procedures are based on the use of both DC and variance nosie techniques and, at T approximately 60K, have allowed characterization of the total noise as the sum of separate contributions due to dark current, read noise and read charge. The test facility and characterization techniques are described and results, which verify the remarkable potential of this material to exceed the NGST performance goals at temperatures both at, and also significantly higher than, the approximate 30K now anticipated for the NGST NIR focal pane, are presented.
Performance of large-format HgCdTe and InSb arrays for low-background applications
Gert Finger, Hamid Mehrgan, Manfred Meyer, Alan F. M. Moorwood,
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Dan Snyder Accuses Co-Owner of Extortion To Force Him To Sale WFT
Writer for Total Pro Sports Since August 31, 2015
(Photo by Patrick McDermott/Getty Images)
Dan Snyder had a rough offseason, and is now having an even worse season, despite his team being in first place in the NFC East.
On Wednesday, TMZ Sports reported that the owner is now calling out a minority owner of the team for trying to extort him into selling the NFL franchise by leaking damaging information about him that is related to the sexual misconduct allegations made by former WFT employees.
“In the docs, obtained by TMZ Sports, Snyder says Schar is well aware an independent investigation found no evidence of wrongdoing — however, he claims Schar repeatedly leaked info about the case to the Washington Post and other media outlets, attempting to smear him.
As for the extortion allegation, Snyder claims Schar told Snyder’s attorney he had a bombshell that would “kill Dan” if it came out … and added he would release it if Snyder didn’t “just sell the team.”
According to the docs, Schar also had the investment banker for the WFT minority owners get in the mix. Snyder claims that guy texted him, “You know what I know and what I’ve never spoken about … If you want a s**t show, we are on for that too.”
The minority owners are unable to get the full value of their investment unless Snyder, who is the majority owner, agrees to sell the franchise off.
As Snyder says in the docs, “I am fighting on multiple fronts for interests that go beyond just me, including for the Team that I love, as well as my family, and can swear to this Court that the accusations I improperly leaked information to the press are false.”
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Dr Robert Fisher is the Head of the Department of Psychiatry at St Vincent’s Clinic and St Vincent’s Private Hospital. Dr Fisher is also a consultant to the Medical Board of New South Wales and psychiatric advisor to the Law Society and the NSW Bar Association. His areas of special interest include mood disorders, anorexia and bulimia nervosa, chronic pain, psychological complications of medical illnesses, marital and family therapy, and forensic psychiatry especially medical negligence and pain related worker’s compensation.
Dr Robert Fisher is the Head of the Department of Psychiatry at St Vincent’s Clinic and St Vincent’s Private Hospital. Dr Fisher is also a consultant to the Medical Board of New South Wales and psychiatric advisor to the Law Society and the NSW Bar Association. His areas of special interest include mood disorders, anorexia and bulimia nervosa, chronic pain, psychological complications of medical illnesses, marital and family therapy, and forensic psychiatry, especially medical negligence and pain related worker’s compensation.
Dr Gregory McLean’s expertise is in the treatment of adults and the elderly in the areas of depression and anxiety disorders, bipolar mood disorders and schizophrenia.
Dr Deepinder Miller is an adult generalist psychiatrist who treats adults and late adolescents who suffer from ADHD, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, psychotic illness, clozapine clinic and drug and alcohol misuse. She also works in the area of family therapy, forensic psychiatry and medicolegal report writing (civil). Dr Miller has a special interest in the psychological impact of prostate cancer.
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Machete attack trial: ‘Batman voice,’ throwing knives and lost money
Crime and Public Safety Crime |
Elise Reuter
ereuter@summitdaily.com
Vanmatre sat silently at the table, while his attorney cross-examined a witness. Vanmatre is charged with attempted second-degree murder, and nine other counts. His friend, Henry Nelson testified on Thursday.
Elise Reuter / ereuter@summitdaily.com |
Tyrus Vanmatre’s childhood friend, Henry Nelson, came to testify as a witness for both the prosecution and the defense on Thursday morning. Nelson said he and Vanmatre had known each other for 10 years and considered him as one of his “best friends” last summer before Vanmatre was charged with attempted second-degree murder after an alleged machete attack last summer.
While Nelson knew Vanmatre to have a stash of weapons, he had never thought of him as a violent person.
“He was actually really mild-mannered,” Nelson said.
He said the two would hang out almost every day and would often go to an “Asian Gifts” store at the mall in Denver, which carried “throwing knives, swords and a lot of bamboo.”
He remembered Vanmatre having two samurai swords, some throwing knives and throwing stars but did not recall seeing any machetes.
He also remembered Vanmatre’s many tall tales, such as one where he told Nelson he robbed his ex-stepfather once by tying him to a chair and using a “Batman voice” to disguise his identity.
“I probably would have thought more of it if he didn’t live with the guy for a few years after,” Nelson said. “I really liked (the stories) at first because they were entertaining. But, I still to this day don’t believe he blew up two cars and wrecked a truck on the only tree in a field.”
Nelson mentioned they had talked about what they would do if they murdered someone, though he assumed these conversations were purely hypothetical. Deputy district attorney John Franks followed a line of questioning in which Nelson admitted that Vanmatre had mentioned the mountains would be a good place to hide a body.
“He just kinda said something along the lines of, there was no one there, you could get the job done easily, you could leave it there and no one would find the body,” Nelson said.
Vanmatre had previously lived in Frisco for a year, attending Summit High School and playing as a goalie for their hockey team. While Nelson had never known him to have a job, Vanmatre did play for a semi-professional hockey team that provided him a gas card. He added that Vanmatre had also started taking modeling classes.
“Tyrus cared more about money than anything else … Well that’s not true, he cared about girls more than anything else,” Nelson said. “He started taking modeling classes, so he could get more money to impress girls.”
MUTUAL FRIENDS
Nelson also knew the 16-year-old boy who was present the night of the incident and charged as a co-conspirator in the attack.
“He would have done anything Tyrus wanted him to,” Nelson said. “It was just a ridiculous amount of unfounded respect. He just wanted to be Tyrus.”
Nelson had only known Jadon Jellis, the victim of the alleged attack, since he moved to Denver that summer. Jellis was staying in Vanmatre’s garage for a period of time.
“Tyrus didn’t like him,” Nelson said. “He vocalized it more than once.”
He added that Jellis had recently sold a house and bought a motorcycle, and Vanmatre was looking to get an apartment with him.
“Pretty much Tyrus’ entire idea of JJ was that he was just an awful person to be around, but, if he could get free living out of it, why not?”
Franks asked Nelson if Vanmatre would have cared about Jellis if he didn’t have money.
“He probably would have pretended he didn’t exist,” Nelson said.
He was at Vanmatre’s house the day of the incident, but he did not know of his plans to drive up to the mountains later that day. Jelis left to take a shower while Nelson and Vanmatre were in the garage.
“JJ believes he left his wallet on his motorcycle, but I don’t recall seeing it there,” Nelson said.
When Jellis returned, unable to find his wallet — which he claimed contained $1,200 — the three searched the house for an hour and a half but never found it.
Nelson added that he never saw Vanmatre take the wallet but was also playing a game on his phone at the time. Private defense attorney Douglas Romero, of the Colorado Christian Defense Council, also pointed out that Nelson was told $1,200 was in Jellis’ wallet — not $3,000 as Jellis said in testimony.
Jellis had also claimed that Vanmatre stole from a lockbox in his car, as well as some cash stowed inside of the vehicle. In a cross-examination by Romero, Nelson said he never saw a lockbox in Jellis’ car and never saw or heard of the $7,000 that Jellis said was inside of the car.
“I’m still not sure on the actual amount that he lost,” Nelson said.
Just before Vanmatre, Jellis and the 16-year-old left for the mountains, Nelson remembers that Vanmatre “gave me a hug and told me he loved me, and, to my recollection, that’s the only time he ever told me that he loved me.”
Though Nelson planned to leave town for a week, he expected that Vanmatre was going to help him pack the next day.
The day after the incident, Nelson called Vanmatre and found out he was in the hospital. Vanmatre asked him to tell his mother he fell out of a tree. While Nelson suspected this was not true, he did anyway.
“It was extremely strange,” he said. “As soon as I figured out what actually happened, I called his mom.”
In a cross-examination by Romero, Nelson noted that he was distraught when he heard of the charges against Vanmatre.
“Oh I lost it. I cried a lot,” he said. “If all of this is actually real, if all of this did take place, then I feel that I actually never knew him as a person if he wanted to do this.”
Summit County sheriff’s deputy Nathan Opsahl was the next witness called to the stand that morning. As a handler for “Bobby,” a now-retired police dog, Opsahl responded the day of the attack to help track down the crime scene.
“Deputy (Sylvia) Simms wanted the dog to search near where they found the victim, and they wanted a backwards track to the crime scene,” Opsahl said.
At first, they looked on the northwest side of Swan Mountain Road, as Jellis had originally pointed police in that direction. However, after further interviews with him, police were able to locate the crime scene near the top of Swan Mountain, opposite the Sapphire Point parking lot.
Opsahl and Bobby hiked 20 minutes up the steep, thickly-`forested mountain to reach to crime scene. Police had found a large amount of blood, two beanies and a belt at the scene, according to Opsahl.
He gave the dog a command to search by locating ground disturbances by scent and found a small, black throwing knife 10 yards from the scene, covered in blood. They continued northeast, finding one blood-covered black leather glove, and then the other.
Between the items and drops of blood on the ground, “all of this confirmed that Bobby was on the right path,” Opsahl said.
They found a black jacket and a blue, plaid shirt further down the path — both covered in blood. A little further, the trail went cold, but Opsahl could see the traffic on the road below. Travelling to the road shoulder, he found a shallow stream nearby where Jellis said he tried to get a drink. He did not notice blood near the stream.
In cross examination, Opsahl noted that if an item or weapon had gone underwater, it would probably not give off a scent to be tracked. He also noted that there only appeared to be one trail, rather than multiple branching off, perhaps indicating a common path for multiple parties.
The afternoon ended with a recorded interview of Vanmatre being replayed in front of the court, with an opportunity for jurors to ask questions the following day. Court will reconvene at 8:30 a.m.
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Growth of public sector is masking a jobs crisis in Switzerland
The restaurant industry was hit hardest by the pandemic in terms of job losses. Keystone / Gian Ehrenzeller
Employment statistics show that addition of jobs in the public sector is helping deflect a major collapse in employment in Switzerland.
This content was published on December 13, 2020 - 11:41 December 13, 2020 - 11:41
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Português (pt) Crescimento do setor público encobre crise de empregos na Suíça
On Sunday, the SonntagsBlick reported on this development based on an analysis of employment statistics. At the top of the biggest losers in jobs is the gastronomy sector. At the end of the third quarter of 2020, Swiss bars, cafés and restaurants employed 168,200 people, some 23,000 fewer than in the previous year. The hotel sector is also one of the big losers, with 6,200 jobs lost in one year.
By contrast, the health and social services sector now employs 764,300 people, 17,400 more than in the previous year. It is the leading sector in terms of staff growth. Public administration ranks second with an increase of 7,500 employees. The education and training sector saw the third biggest growth with an additional 7300 employees.
How sustainable?
According to the SonntagsBlick, this is not a new development. Even in earlier years, an above-average number of jobs were created in these public sector areas, which are mainly financed by taxpayers and health insurance premiums. This apparently long-term trend is continuing despite the pandemic.
When questioned on the sustainability of these public sector jobs, the State Secretariat for Economic Affairs (SECO) attributed the growth to the development of the knowledge society, an ageing demographic and rising prosperity levels. Another factor is that the education and health sectors are very personnel-intensive and the potential for automation is rather smaller than in other sectors such as industry. However, SECO conceded that sustainable economic growth cannot be based on state-related services alone.
Overall, the job situation is still better than at the height of the pandemic. In contrast to the peak in April, when more than 1.3 million people were on short-time work, the number was down to 204,200 in September. However, this week SECO announced that the second wave was causing demand for short-time work to rise again - and that was before the Federal Council announced the new measures on Friday on restricting opening hours of shops and restaurants.
How Switzerland has responded to online disinformation
The Covid-19 pandemic has shown just how disruptive the problem of "fake news" can become if left unchecked.
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Government confirms stricter measures to curb Covid-19 rise
This content was published on Dec 11, 2020 Dec 11, 2020 Switzerland has ordered restaurants, bars and shops to close from 7pm across much of the country from Saturday, with some exceptions.
Coronavirus: the situation in Switzerland
This content was published on Jan 20, 2021 Jan 20, 2021 The level of infections remains high in Switzerland. Vaccinations are underway across the nation.
Hundreds demonstrate in Geneva over restrictions on business
This content was published on Nov 19, 2020 Nov 19, 2020 Nearly 600 people demonstrated on Thursday afternoon in Geneva at the behest of the association of café owners, restaurateurs and hoteliers.
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Sport / Football / Dundee United
Dundee United boss Ray McKinnon hands trial to Vincent Kompany’s brother
by Neil Robertson
October 6 2017, 12.27pm Updated: October 6 2017, 12.58pm
© SNS
Francois Kompany.
Dundee United boss Ray McKinnon has handed a trial to Francois Kompany – the younger brother of Manchester City and Belgium skipper Vincent.
The Tangerines manager gave the 28-year-old a run-out as a trialist for the Under-20s against St Mirren on Tuesday and he could be given more game time in the Development League next week when Hearts provide the opposition.
Kompany, who can play at centre-half or left-back, started his career at Mechelen in Belgium before playing for Macclesfield Town and then lower league sides in his homeland.
McKinnon said: “Francois’s a decent player with good experience and I liked what I saw of him on Tuesday and in training with us this week.
“He is lacking a bit when it comes to match fitness but he’s going to stay on next week so he can put a bit of work in and we can have a look at him in another game.”
Francois Kompany
Ray McKinnon
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We commissioned Sophie to proofread the Annual Report for the Materials Department of a London University. It was a challenging document of over 120 pages, containing many chemical formulae and scientific terms, requiring consistency to be established across material from many different sources. Sophie was efficient and accurate and both ourselves and the University were very happy with the result.
Alice Beaven, Positive 2
I am absolutely delighted with the work Sophie has done in preparing 'Innovation, Enterprise and Change on the Greenwich Peninsula' for publication. She has been meticulous in proofreading, and also in picking up both ambiguities and phrases which need clarification. I have now been able to clear it for printing with a great deal more confidence. Thank you.
Dr Mary Mills
I have worked with Sophie Bristow for a few years now and can say that, without doubt, she is one of the best freelancers I have made contact with, and I know that any work sent to her will be completed on time and without mistake. Not only is Sophie diligent, she is also very approachable and good with communicating to you when something isn’t clear, or if more guidance is needed – qualities which I have found are vital to producing high-quality copy-edits and proofreads.
Katherine Ward, Troubador Publishing
It was my pleasure to be Sophie's mentor on the Society for Editors and Proofreaders' mentoring scheme. Her work was always of the highest standard and her queries were insightful and helpful. She understood how to balance the desire to present a polished text with the cost implications of changes made at proof stage - and she never missed a deadline. Sophie would make a valuable addition to any editorial team.
Lorraine Slipper, SfEP
When I reviewed your amendments to my manuscript I thought, 'It's such a relief to see these mistakes and oversights highlighted. Sophie has done a really excellent job.'
So I just wanted to let you know how happy I am with your work and how grateful I am for what you've done.
Nathan McGrath, author
Sophie edited my novel, 'The Last Drogue'. She has a great eye, a really thorough approach to her work, and brings taste and intelligence to the delicate business of editing complex material. I can't recommend her work highly enough.
Michael Parsons, author
© 2015 by The Edit Bee. Created with Wix.com
Sophie Bristow
The Edit Bee
sophie@theeditbee.co.uk
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The Free Library > Health > Health, general > Case Reports in Oncological Medicine > January 1, 2018
The Free Library > Date > 2018 > January > 1 > Case Reports in Oncological Medicine
A Malignant Squeeze: A Rare Cause of Cardiac Tamponade.
<a href="https://www.thefreelibrary.com/A+Malignant+Squeeze%3a+A+Rare+Cause+of+Cardiac+Tamponade.-a0587974383</a>
MLA style: "A Malignant Squeeze: A Rare Cause of Cardiac Tamponade.." The Free Library. 2018 Hindawi Limited 21 Jan. 2021 https://www.thefreelibrary.com/A+Malignant+Squeeze%3a+A+Rare+Cause+of+Cardiac+Tamponade.-a0587974383
Chicago style: The Free Library. S.v. A Malignant Squeeze: A Rare Cause of Cardiac Tamponade.." Retrieved Jan 21 2021 from https://www.thefreelibrary.com/A+Malignant+Squeeze%3a+A+Rare+Cause+of+Cardiac+Tamponade.-a0587974383
APA style: A Malignant Squeeze: A Rare Cause of Cardiac Tamponade.. (n.d.) >The Free Library. (2014). Retrieved Jan 21 2021 from https://www.thefreelibrary.com/A+Malignant+Squeeze%3a+A+Rare+Cause+of+Cardiac+Tamponade.-a0587974383
Primary cardiac lymphoma (PCL) is a rare condition that is described as a lymphoma localized to the heart or pericardium with no extracardiac involvement. Although cardiac involvement is seen in about 10-20% of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, PCL is extremely rare. It comprises merely 0.5% of all lymphomas and 1.3-2% of cardiac malignancies [1, 2]. Clinical presentation typically correlates with the region of the heart involved. It is often a clinical emergency as these patients commonly present with heart failure, cardiac tamponade, or arrhythmia [3]. Herein, we describe a rare case of PCL causing cardiac tamponade in an elderly patient.
2. Case Description
An 85-year-old female with past medical history of recurrent deep venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism on anticoagulation with a vena cava filter in place, rheumatoid arthritis, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, hypothyroidism, and type 2 diabetes mellitus presented to the emergency department with complaint of exertional dyspnea and chest pain. She denied fever, chills, or lower extremity edema and had no history of malignancy, weight loss, or night sweats. Initial vitals revealed BP of 86/62 mmHg that decreased to 79/60 mmHg with inspiration. Initial pulse was 95 bpm, and respiratory rate was 20. White blood cell count was mildly elevated at 11.5, troponins were normal, and electrocardiogram was unremarkable. D-dimer was elevated at 1290. Patient was sent for CT scan to evaluate for pulmonary embolism, and a moderate pericardial effusion was found (Figure 1). Subsequently, an echocardiogram was done to further delineate the effusion which revealed a large circumferential effusion with mild respiratory variation concerning for impending cardiac tamponade (Figure 2). She was admitted to the intensive care unit and underwent emergent pericardiocentesis. Flow cytometry of the pericardial fluid revealed a population of monoclonal B-cells with significant large cell component (Figure 3). The overall morphologic and immunophenotypic features were consistent with high-grade B-cell lymphoma with t(8; 144 (Figure 4). Bone marrow biopsy demonstrated monotypic B-cells compatible with the diagnosis of large B-cell lymphoma. The patient was started on rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP) with an excellent initial response. She was transferred out of the ICU within days and discharged home for outpatient follow-up.
Primary cardiac tumors are known classically to be rare and benign. Cardiac myxoma is the most frequently reported primary cardiac tumor, but hematologic disease, in rare cases, has been known to orginate in the heart [4]. Lymphomas compromise only 0.5-2% of primary cardiac tumors and occur most often in immunocompromised patients, such as those with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) [5]. The frequencies of other types of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma are detailed in Figure 5 with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma comprising the majority at 30% [6]. PCL does occur in immunocompetent hosts although infrequently, as it did in our patient. In these immunocompetent patients, studies have shown that 80% of PCL are of diffuse B-cell lymphoma [7]. The location of cardiac involvement for PCL is often the right atrium and right ventricle. Clinical presentation can vary depending on the site of involvement of the heart. Most often, an extensive multidisciplinary workup is employed to come up with the correct diagnosis. Imaging modalities such as transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography, computed tomography (as done in our patient), and magnetic resonance imaging are all utilized in diagnosing this entity. Confirmation of the diagnosis is through cytology of biopsy or pericardial fluid. The combination of chemotherapy and radiation is the treatment of choice. Treatment for B-cell lymphoma is typically an anthracycline-based, such as given in our patient. Our patient was treated with rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP). Survival has been demonstrated in some cases up to 5 years with treatment but is less than a month without it [7].
Although PCL is rare, the pathophysiology is classic and detection through a detailed physical exam and directed workup diagnosis can be promptly made, even when presenting as tamponade as did our patient. Patients presenting with signs and symptoms of new-onset acute decompensated heart failure can potentially have this diagnosis. Immediate detection is essential to avoid fatal complications, which include cardiac tamponade, ischemia, and fatal arrhythmia. To our knowledge, only 13 cases have described PCL presenting with tamponade physiology and are highlighted in Table 1. Parato et al. describe a case of a younger patient who presented with cardiac tamponade due to PCL. The patient was treated with management of cardiac tamponade, surgical excision of the mass, and chemotherapy. Complete remission was obtained after six months of chemotherapy [8]. Although there was a large age difference, our patient also responded to chemotherapy following medical stabilization. Interestingly, Frikha et al. describe a case of an elderly immunocompromised patient presenting with cardiac tamponade along with paroxysmal third-degree atrioventricular (AV) block. They hypothesized that electrical compromise occurred via extension of the malignancy into the interatrial septum and the nodal tissue [9]. Similarly, Gowda and Khan and Houchaymi et al. describe a case of an elderly immunocompetent male who was found to have pericardial tamponade along with third-degree AV block. However, pericardial fluid analysis did not reveal the diagnosis until a transvenous biopsy of the cardiac tumor revealed non-Hodgkin large B-cell lymphoma [7, 10]. Gowda and Khan and Chiba et al. report a similar case of a middle-aged male with cardiac tamponade and AV block who was found on right atrial tumor biopsy to have a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. The patient underwent chemotherapy and required permanent pacemaker placement [7, 11]. On our extensive literature search, we identified one case report in which the cardiac tamponade was not caused by the lymphoma itself, but rather due to the malignant right atrial rupturing causing tamponade [12]. Further cases are described in Table 1.
The etiology of PCL is still unknown, and molecular characterization has yet to be studied leaving a great deal of research to be done to gain a better understanding of this rare disease process. Nevertheless, although extremely rare, PCL can present with severe cardiac dysfunction due to tamponade physiology or impending tamponade physiology and heart failure. Clinical suspicion must remain high, and diagnostic studies of pericardial fluid can help prevent delay in management of an aggressive malignancy.
https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/5470981
The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.
[1] H. Ikeda, S. Nakamura, H. Nishimaki et al., "Primary lymphoma of the heart: case report and literature review," Pathology International, vol. 54, no. 3, pp. 187-195, 2004.
[2] G. L. Ceresoli, A. J. M. Ferreri, E. Bucci, C. Ripa, M. Ponzoni, and E. Villa, "Primary cardiac lymphoma in immunocompetent patients: diagnostic and therapeutic management," Cancer, vol. 80, no. 8, pp. 1497-1506, 1997.
[3] C. S. Chim, A. C. L. Chan, Y. L. Kwong, and R. Liang, "Primary cardiac lymphoma," American Journal of Hematology, vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 79-83, 1997.
[4] J. G. Wang, H. Liu, W. J. Yu, Y. J. Li, and F. J. Xin, "Primary cardiac neoplasms: a clinicopathologic analysis of 81 cases," Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi, vol. 41, no. 12, pp. 808-12, 2012.
[5] M. Duong, C. Dubois, M. Buisson et al., "Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the heart in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus," Clinical Cardiology, vol. 20, no. 5, pp. 497-502, 1997.
[6] American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), "Lymphoma non-Hodgkin: subtypes," 2016, https://www.cancer.net/ cancer-types/lymphoma-non-hodgkin/subtypes.
[7] R. M. Gowda and I. A. Khan, "Clinical perspectives of primary cardiac lymphoma," Angiology, vol. 54, no. 5, pp. 599-604, 2003.
[8] V. M. Parato, F. Muscente, and M. Scarano, "Primary cardiac lymphoma: a case report," Giornale Italiano di Cardiologia, vol. 18, no. 1,pp. 11-13, 2017.
[9] Z. Frikha, L. Abid, D. Abid et al., "Cardiac tamponade and paroxysmal third-degree atrioventricular block revealing a primary cardiac non-Hodgkin large B-cell lymphoma of the right ventricle: a case report," Journal of Medical Case Reports, vol. 5, no. 1, p. 433, 2011.
[10] Z. Houchaymi, S. Helou, and J. Ballout, "Pericardial tamponade and third-degree atrioventricular block revealing a primary cardiac lymphoma," La Revue de Medecine Interne, vol. 31, no. 11, pp. e4-e6, 2010.
[11] Y. Chiba, K. Oka, H. Saito, R. Nagayama, M. Murata, and N. Mori, "Primary cardiac B-cell lymphoma presented as heart tamponade and atrioventricular block: a case report," Acta Cytologica, vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 79-81, 2010.
[12] A. Menotti, F. Imperadore, G. Pelosi, and M. Disertori, "Heart rupture at the right atrial level as the first manifestation of malignant lymphoma," Cardiologia, vol. 41, no. 1, pp. 65-67, 1996.
Elisa Quiroz, (1) Adam Hafeez, (1) Ramy Mando, (1) Zhou Yu, (1) and Feroze Momin (2)
(1) Department of Internal Medicine, Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, MI, USA
(2) Department of Hematology and Oncology, Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, MI, USA
Correspondence should be addressed to Ramy Mando; ramy.mando@beaumont.org
Received 25 June 2018; Accepted 4 September 2018; Published 23 September 2018
Academic Editor: Jeanine M. Buchanich
Caption: Figure 1: Computed tomography of the chest demonstrating pericardial effusion.
Caption: Figure 2: Echocardiogram demonstrating a large circumferential effusion (outlined) concerning for impending tamponade.
Caption: Figure 3: Histopathology remarkable for monoclonal B-cells with significant large cell components.
Caption: Figure 4: Fluorescence in situ hybridization demonstrating t(8; 14). This translocation is between IGH on chromasome 8 and MYC on chromosome 14.
Table 1: Reports of primary cardiac lymphoma causing
cardiac tamponade.
Article (language, Description Highlights
PMID)
Parato VM, Muscente 35-year-old
F, Scarano M. Primary immunocompromised
cardiac lymphoma: a patient presented
case report. G Ital with signs and
Cardiol (Rome). 2017 symptoms of
Jan; 18(1): 11-13 tamponade.
(Italian, 28287210) Echocardiography
revealed lateral AV
mass with large
pericardial effusion.
Patient had surgical
excision of mass
chemotherapy that
induced complete
remission at 6
Tzachanis D, Dewar R, 44-year-old female Primary Burkitt
Luptakova K, Chang presented with lymphoma
JD, et al. Primary abdominal bloating
cardiac Burkitt who was found to have
lymphoma presenting a large pericardial
with abdominal pain effusion with
(English, 25431699) tamponade physiology.
Pericardial fluid
studies led to
diagnosis of cardiac
Burkitt lymphoma.
Frikha Z, Abid L, 64-year-old Primary non-Hodgkin
Abid D, Mallek S, et immunocompromised large B-cell lymphoma
al. Cardiac tamponade male presented with 3rd-degree AV block
and paroxysmal third- cardiac tamponade as
degree well as paroxysmal
atrioventricular third-degree AV
block revealing a block. He was found
primary cardiac non- to have a large RV
Hodgkin large B-cell mass. Following
lymphoma of the right excision, histology
ventricle: a case confirmed non-
report. J Med Case Hodgkin large B-cell
Rep. 2011 Sep 5; 5: lymphoma.
433 (English,
21892927)
Houchaymi Z, Helou S, 78-year-old Primary non-Hodgkin
Ballout J. immunocompetent male large B-cell lymphoma
Pericardial tamponade presented with 3rd-degree AV block
and third-degree pericardial tamponade
atrioventricular and third-degree AV
block revealing a block. Biopsy of the
primary cardiac cardiac tumor showed
lymphoma. Rev Med non-Hodgkin large B-
Interne. 2010 Nov; 31 Cell lymphoma.
(11): e4-6 (French,
Chiba Y, Oka K, Saito 49-year-old male with Diffuse large B-cell
H, et al. Primary cardiac tamponade and lymphoma AV block
cardiac B-cell AV block. Pericardial
lymphoma presented as effusion and
heart tamponade and transvenous biopsy
atrioventricular confirmed diagnosis
block: a case report. of diffuse large B-
Acta Cytol. 2010 Jan- cell lymphoma. He
Feb; 54 (1): 79-81 underwent
(English, 20306995) chemotherapy and
permanent pacemaker
Legault S, Couture C, 74-year-old male with Burkitt-like PCL
Bourgault C, et al. dyspnea found to have
Primary cardiac a large pericardial
Burkitt-like lymphoma effusion with
of the right atrium tamponade physiology.
Found on pericardial
fluid studies and
biopsy to have
Burkitt-like PCL.
Ling LF, Chai P, Kee 55-year-old
AC, et al. Primary immunocompetent man
cardiac lymphoma presented with
presenting with pyrexia initially and
cardiac tamponade. Am was found later to
Heart Hosp J. 2009 have cardiac
Winter; 7 (2): E125- tamponade. He was
7 (English, 19279985) diagnosed with PCL.
Gosev I, Siric F, 67-year-old Diffuse large B-cell
Gasparovic H, et al. immunocompetent lymphoma of
Surgical treatment of presented with centroblastic subtype
a primary cardiac dyspnea. Found to Surgical diagnosis,
lymphoma presenting have tamponade no pericardiocentesis
with tamponade physiology on performed
physiology (English, echocardiography.
16846425) Surgical biopsy
confirmed diffuse
of centroblastic
subtype.
Wilhite DB, Quigley 83-year-old Filipino Failure of
RL. Occult cardiac male with dyspnea traditional
lymphoma presenting found on pericardiostomy
with cardiac echocardiogram to
tamponade. Tex Heart have a large,
Inst. J. 2003; 30 homogenous
(1): 62-4 (English, pericardial effusion
12638674) with RA collapse. He
was treated with
subxiphoid
pericardiostomy and
had the pericardial
drain removed the
next day as he
clinically improved.
He returned two weeks
later with same
symptoms and again
found to have
reaccumulating
requiring urgent
pericardiectomy.
Menotti A, Imperadore Malignant lymphoma Right atrial rupture
F, Pelosi G. et al. presenting as cardiac causing the tamponade
Heart rupture at the tamponade due to
right atrial level as right atrial rupture.
manifestation of
malignant lymphoma.
Cardiologia. 1996
Jan; 41(1):65-7
(Italian, 8697472)
Roller MB, Manoharan Elderly male with
A, Lvoff R. Primary cardiac tamponade
cardiac lymphoma. found on pericardial
Acta Haematol. 1991; fluid analysis to
85 (1): 47-48 have PCL.
(English, 2011932)
Nagamine K, Noda H. Two cases of males in
Two cases cardiac their 70s presenting
lymphoma presenting with dyspnea who were
with pericardial found to have
effusion and pericardial effusion
tamponade. Jpn Circ. with tamponade
J. 1990 Sep; 54 (9): physiology on
1158-64 (English, echocardiogram.
2266577)
Pozniak AL, Thomas Patient who presented
RD, Hobbs CB, et al. with ventricular
Primary malignant arrhythmias and was
lymphoma of the found to have
heart. Antemorten pericardial effusion
cytologic diagnosis. with impairment of LV
Acta Cytol. 1986 Nov- contraction.
Dec; 30 (6): 662-4. Postmortem
(English, 3466501) examination showed
malignant lymphoma
confined to
myocardium.
Patel J, Melly L, Case series of six Clinical presentation
Sheppard MN. Primary patients presenting of PCL (B-and T-
cardiac lymphoma: B- with wide spectrum of cells)
and T-cell cases at a symptoms. Most cases
specialist UK centre involved 2 or more
chambers of the
heart. Presentations
included conduction
disturbances,
effusion, valvular
dysfunction, heart
failure, stroke, and
sudden death.
Figure 5: Graphical representation of frequencies of subtypes of
non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
Types of non -Hodgkin's
Primary Cardiac 10
Diffuse large B-cell 0.5
Follicular 20
Mantle cell 7
Small lymphocytic 5
Primary mediastinal 2.5
Lymphoplasmacytic 2
Marginal zone 10
Burkitt 0
T-cell lymphoma 2
Note: Table made from pie chart.
Quiroz, Elisa; Hafeez, Adam; Mando, Ramy; Yu, Zhou; Momin, Feroze
Case Reports in Oncological Medicine
The Effectiveness of Hepatic Arterial Infusion Chemotherapy with 5-Fluorouracil/Cisplatin and Systemic Chemotherapy with Ramucirumab in...
Cytomegalovirus Colitis Masquerading as Apple-Core Lesion after Systemic Chemotherapy in a Patient with Relapsed Acute Myeloid Leukemia.
Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas
Development and progression
Vincristine
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The Free Library > Communications > News, opinion and commentary > International News Services.com > November 1, 2006
The Free Library > General Interest/Informational > General interest > International News Services.com > November 1, 2006
The Free Library > Date > 2006 > November > 1 > International News Services.com
European Commission highlights world's counterfeit goods hotspots.
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WITH global trade ever increasing, and the power of brands to generate massive profits made starkly clear with every company report, the counterfeiting of goods is one of international organised crime's major boom areas.
It is a serious problem for legitimate business, especially those based in developed countries with tough piracy controls, who are seeking to export to poorer countries where intellectual property crimes are a low priority.
The European Commission has long tried to fight counterfeiting and piracy and recently, its directorate general for trade undertook a comprehensive survey of all countries known to be breeding grounds for these crimes. Companies, trade federations and diplomatic missions were asked for intelligence, and they gave it up freely.
All industrial and business sectors were assessed, but naturally, some are more vulnerable to counterfeiting than others--essentially, where design, invention, and marketing provide added value to brands, counterfeiters will want to create cheap copies and sell them as the real deal.
Clothing and textiles have long been a problem sector regarding counterfeiters and respondents to the survey did not disappoint in their revelations.
Maybe unsurprisingly, Hong Kong and China were branded as the world's most serious hotspots for counterfeit clothing and accessories. Given the manufacturing capacity of these jurisdictions and the lack of political will and judicial protection for fighting counterfeiting, survey subjects told of a range of tactics used to sell pirated goods. In Hong Kong, the survey report told of "secret shops" being set up to sell fake luxury clothing and accessories. "Street hawkers cannot display a large panel of their products in the streets and the probability of being surprised and seized by official authorities remains high" said the report. "Consequently some of them rent apartments in buildings and send staff in the streets to 'invite' potential customers to visit their 'apartment store' where hundreds of counterfeit products are displayed". With only foreign tourists being targeted, the risk of being uncovered by local investigators is minimised. Another new method adopted by night markets involves counterfeiters selling clothes with labels similar enough to be compared with an original, but different enough to not be a counterfeit copy. Potential customers are then offered a visit to the warehouse, where the real identikit copies are stored.
Shell companies using names similar to famous trademarks, including those from Europe, are registered in Hong Kong, and then sell products similar to western brands in mainland China. "Legal action for trademark infringement appears unavailable since these companies have no substantive commercial activity in Hong Kong," said the report.
As regards mainland China-based counterfeiting, the survey told of how clothing and footwear companies were using security labels, re-styling, technical modifications and even holograms to make their products harder to copy. But they warned the Commission: "These technical protection methods are nevertheless often circumvented by counterfeiters or pirates and need to be constantly adapted in order to be effective".
Other countries where the clothing and textile sector has been hot hard by counterfeiters include Mexico. The report said counterfeits accounted for up to 58% of the textile and clothing market, and up to 66% for sports shoes, fuelled by price differentials that can reach 300%, it warned. Fakes were generally imported from China, with Mexico also being a "key transit country for counterfeit and pirated goods whose final destination are the United States and sometimes also the EU".
Another problem country was west Africa's Togo, where a textile company complained to the Commission about trademark and design copies for local sales, with pirates working in markets and the main harbour. It claimed that 30% of sales volumes had been lost to the "oversupply of extremely cheap counterfeit products". Some competitors had lost 50% of sales in 2004, with prices collapsing through dumped products and counterfeits of good quality being offered at 10% of normal price levels.
Turkey was also highlighted as a problem, and on Europe's doorstep. Counterfeit textile manufacturers supply local markets and "produce a substantial portion of the counterfeit products found in western European markets", said the report. Production was centred on Adana, Bursa, Istanbul, Izmir, Mersina and south-western tourist regions. A well-known (again unnamed) European textile company estimated its losses to Turkish counterfeiting at Euro 3.5 million annually, in and outside Turkey, with that estimate ignoring "damage to brand image due to bad quality of counterfeits". Will there be action? The survey was told: "There is no public awareness ... the public has a preference for what is seen as 'cheaper' products." And "police and courts frequently consider IP infringements as negligible", except for food products.
Even here, however, there are problems. Nearly a third of all confectionary sold in China are counterfeit or copycats of global brands, the European Commission survey says, with returns received from businesses, industrial federations and diplomatic missions noting "for the confectionary business, the infringement causes more than 30% loss in sales value every year". Although the Commission says that China has been very co-operative about tackling fraud, most of those who replied to the new survey complained that the measures adopted by the Chinese authorities were ineffective, and that fines did not reflect the value of the business lost. Meanwhile, Argentina was highlighted by the Commission's trade directorate general as a blackspot for drinks counterfeiting. One EU member state alone said Euro 150 million's worth counterfeits of its national drinks were sold in Argentina annually. The misuse of terms such as Scotch Whisky, Chablis and Porto by Argentine producers is widespread, said the survey report. Fellow Latin American country Peru was singled out as a global hotspot for cigarette counterfeiting and smuggling. Here, Brussels has noted claims from the tobacco industry that 50% of tobacco consumed in Peru is smuggled and 30% is counterfeit brands. "Usually the counterfeit goods are smuggled form Asia", said the survey report. Holograms are now being used to identify legitimate tobacco products in Peru, it added. Regarding cosmetics and related products, Chile and India were highlighted as international blackspots for the counterfeiting of cosmetics and related products. Cosmetics companies "invoke frequent infringements of their design rights and utility models" in Chile, said the survey report. While some of these fakes are imported, "most of the counterfeited and pirated goods are locally produced are destined to domestic consumption", said the study, which added that recently some counterfeits have been exported to neighbouring countries. Chile's federation of cosmetics importers have introduced holographic seals in a campaign against product fakes. In India, the Commission was told that: "Approximately 15% of consumables (soap, shampoo, toothpaste, perfume and cosmetics, etc) are counterfeits". Indeed a recent study by A C Nielson estimated losses incurred to counterfeiters by big brand owners in the Indian cosmetics and related sectors as "between 15% to 20% of their total turnover." The India survey report said that cosmetics were among a number of consumer products counterfeited in a thriving national black-market sector.
In the related sector of pharmaceuticals, the survey revealed concerns about Mexico being a centre for the counterfeiting of fake medicine packaging and leaflets. The study of businesses, industrial federations and diplomatic missions was told the problem is particularly rife in the large cities of Mexico City, Guadalajara, and Monterrey, along with the northern frontier zone with the United States.
In Indonesia, importing companies reported using holograms on all kinds of packaging and regular changes to pack designs in attempts to prevent counterfeit good sales. And in the Ukraine, the survey revealed concerns about counterfeit leaflets and packaging, and even the piracy of pack materials, for later assembly.
Of course, printing of all kinds is meat and drink to counterfeiters and so it is of no surprise that the book trade is a major target for intellectual property pirates. India has been branded a serious hotspot for counterfeit books in the survey. Its report said lost sales for UK publishers in India had been recently estimated at Euro 30 million, including locally published copies. "Publishers estimate that any bestseller suffers from 50% to 60% piracy, despite ... prices for legitimate titles in India [being] among the lowest in the world," said the survey. There has been a successful anti-piracy campaign in northern India, but this had led to "high quality pirated offset printed books ... being exported from the south of India to countries like Sri Lanka, Bangladesh and the Maldives". The country's problem is matched by difficulties in China, where the survey said piracy losses to legitimate foreign publishers had reached Euro 50 million annually.
Egypt was another book piracy zone. It has been identified "as a major book piracy market" by the International Intellectual Property Alliance group. There are "major losses due to the piracy of higher-education textbooks". Piracy levels for students are estimated at 50%, for the roughly 70,000 students in Egypt using English language materials. Distributors exploit non-transparent university book supply procedures to "routinely supply limited numbers of legitimate texts and fill the majority of their orders with their own pirated versions, all at the publishers' official prices," said the report.
In Turkey, compulsory security hologram 'banderols' introduced to identify legitimate books from fake copies were undermined recently when 2 million of these devices were stolen in Istanbul. "As a result, most pirated books are being sold with legal banderols, which has made the situation much worse for legal publishers", the survey was told.
COPYRIGHT 2009: A global news agency serving specialist publications with global articles. See http://www.internationalnewsservices.com
Nuthall, Keith
International News Services.com
EU goods counterfeiting soars says report.
Marta Andreasen attacks commission accounts claims.
Piracy (Copyright)
Product counterfeiting
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Liverpool go top, wins for Chelsea and Man City
BURNLEY, England
Published October 31, 2020 Updated October 31, 2020
Liverpool's Portuguese striker Diogo Jota (C) runs with the ball during the English Premier League football match between Liverpool and West Ham United at Anfield in Liverpool, north west England on October 31, 2020.
CLIVE BRUNSKILL/AFP/Getty Images
Liverpool moved clear at the top of the Premier League with a hard-fought 2-1 win over West Ham United, while Chelsea and Manchester City also enjoyed victories on Saturday.
Chelsea cruised to a 3-0 scoreline at winless Burnley while City edged Sheffield United 1-0 away with full back Kyle Walker scoring against his former club.
Liverpool are top on 16 points, three more than local rivals Everton who visit Newcastle United on Sunday.
Wolverhampton Wanderers, who beat Crystal Place 2-0 on Friday, are third, also on 13 points, while Chelsea have moved up to fourth, level with Aston Villa and Leicester City on 12.
Juergen Klopp’s Liverpool side still look far from their best but will be encouraged that they extended their unbeaten home tally to a club record-equalling 63 games despite being below par and missing several regular starters.
Pablo Fornals took advantage of a poor header from Joe Gomez to fire West Ham ahead in the 10th minute but the champions drew level just before the break when Mohamed Salah was fouled in the area by Arthur Masuaku and the Egyptian converted from the spot.
Diogo Jota had an effort ruled out but then grabbed the winner when fellow substitute Xherdan Shaqiri found him with a perfect pass and the Portuguese made no mistake with his third goal in as many home games for the Merseyside club.
“It’s so difficult with the number of games we have. Seeing the determination and desire of the boys, the will to play football, to deal with setbacks is really exceptional,” said Klopp.
COMPLETE PERFORMANCE
Chelsea showed no signs of tiredness from their successful midweek Champions League trip to Krasnodar in Russia as they added to bottom club Burnley’s growing troubles.
Hakim Ziyech, the Morocco winger, finished off a smart move with a low drive in the 26th minute to put Frank Lampard’s side ahead before Kurt Zouma’s powerful header from a Mason Mount corner made it 2-0 just after the hour mark.
Ziyech turned provider by setting up Timo Werner for the third in the 70th as Chelsea kept a fourth straight clean sheet in all competitions.
“It was a very complete performance from us,” said Lampard, whose new signings appear to be settling quickly into an impressive side.
“Performances like this show that we’re doing something positive. We need to get our heads down and keep working hard,” he said.
WALKER STRIKES
Like Burnley, Sheffield United remain winless and their latest defeat came with the added sting of former player and local lad Walker delivering the decisive blow.
The right back marked his 100th league appearance for City with a goal in the first half and refused to celebrate.
The England international collected the ball outside the box and drilled it into the bottom corner.
“My mum and dad live here, so if I celebrated I’d probably get a lot of stick. I’m a Sheffield United fan, so I couldn’t,” said Walker.
City had plenty of opportunities to put the game to bed but, as manager Pep Guardiola noted afterwards, lacked the killer touch in front of goal.
“They had one clear chance in 90 minutes, so that is so good for us and how we defended,” said the Spaniard.
“But when we arrive in the final third, we are not clinical enough. Nine goals in five games is not enough but I understand completely why for many reasons,” he added.
Sunday’s games feature Manchester United at home to Arsenal and Tottenham Hotspur hosting Brighton & Hove Albion.
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May the Odds Be Ever in Your Favor
By Jamie FreveleApr 18th, 2012, 4:19 pm
Joss Whedon, in the midst of publicity for both The Cabin in the Woods and The Avengers and everything else in between, has said that a planned spinoff of Buffy the Vampire Slayer about Giles (Anthony Stewart Head) is not entirely out of the question. Though there is a chance that it’ll be a character played by Head who isn’t Giles, and maybe it’ll be on the BBC. But Whedon’s on it. Trust him.
According to Blastr, Whedon has been talking about this spinoff since 2001. It even has a title: Ripper, after what is said to be Giles’ nickname from his days as a young occultist. It would also take place in England and center on Giles getting into supernatural mischief, independent of his young vampire-slaying friends in America. And while the project has morphed into every form of entertainment imaginable short of an iPad app — DVD release, TV series, mini-series, etc. — Whedon has never seemed to be able to let it go.
And he was asked about it just recently by the AV Club:
“[T]he thing about Ripper — the essence of it — is that the BBC came to me at one point like, ‘It doesn’t have to be Ripper. It can just be [Anthony Stewart Head], and there’s magic, and he’s Tony, cuz he’s awesome.’ And that’s the thing: For some reason, he keeps getting sexier every year. That’s not happening to me! I’m like, ‘What are you doing?’ And that story was always about a mature guy who’s lived, and about the choices he’s made. So you could make that now, or you could make it 10 years from now. And I’ve tortured Tony more than any other living human with, ‘We’re definitely gonna do this!’ Because I thought we were. …”
Um, clearly this is red meat for die-hard Whedon fans. Maybe even on the level of a Firefly reunion, because obviously, there would be a reunion with Sarah Michelle Gellar on such a show. And he still seems intent on making this happen, somehow. We’re guessing with magic? Let’s remember that Cabin in the Woods was made and still ended up sitting on the shelf for about three years, only to be one of the most highly-anticipated horror releases of the year. (And then completely living up to the hype.) Whedon makes things happen in some shape or form … but maybe we won’t hold our breath for this. We’ll just wait and see.
(via Blastr)
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BBCBuffy the Vampire SlayerJoss WhedonThe AvengersThe Cabin in the Woods
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Disney Junior Music Player Storybook
The link to Disney Junior Music Player Storybook has been copied
Product DescriptionFollow along with some of your favorite Disney Junior characters in this musical adventure!Kids will love playing fun tunes on this portable music player as they follow along with the stories about their favorite Disney Junior characters. This book contains three separate stories from three of Disney Junior?s most popular shows:Vampirina,Minnie's Happy Helpers, andPuppy Dog Pals. The storybook set comes with three music discs that play a total of 16 tunes. Prompts throughout the book tell kids when to play each tune as they read. For added fun, kids can take the music player wherever they go!About the AuthorCynthia Stierle lives with her husband and two children in Connecticut. Her love for reading began when she was a child, and she feels lucky to have worked in publishing as both a writer and an editor. She?s written more than fifty children?s books, both fiction and nonfiction, and she still enjoys reading (and writing!) a good story.
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Regina King & EP Nicole Kassell on 'Watchmen's Connection to the Graphic Novel (VIDEO)
Meaghan Darwish October 17, 2019, 3:30 pm
HBO's Watchmen is days away from debuting and TV Insider sat down with star Regina King and executive producer and director Nicole Kassell to discuss the new story adapted from the beloved graphic novel.
In New York City on October 2, the women shared some fun tidbits during the press junket, including how they became involved in the world of Watchmen — they were both quick to answer in unison: "Damon Lindelof."
Lindelof (Lost) is also the creator of HBO's The Leftovers, on which he collaborated with both King and Kassell. But Watchmen is a very different beast, a series set in an alt-reality 2019 in which police wear masks to protect themselves from terrorist groups like the Seventh Kavalry — a KKK-like organization who don Rorschach masks.
Roush Review: HBO's 'Watchmen' Updates the Cult Comic With Dazzling Density
Damon Lindelof's sprawling alt-reality fantasy questions the nature of heroes amid a race war.
King plays Angela Abar, a detective on the Tulsa, Oklahoma police force who works under the masked-alias of Sister Night. "You will be entertained the whole way," King says of her character's story.
In terms of Angela's connection to the original story, King promises the reveal will be "a big, giant reward."
King as Sister Night (Credit: HBO)
"Watchmen the book is our actual history," Kassell shares of the series' current setting. "Regina's character knows all of those people," Kassell adds of Angela's knowledge in regards of the vigilantes that roamed the streets in the past. "We created a bible, a 50-page bible... of the rules," the director reveals.
They discuss filming King's intense fighting scenes, costume inspiration and much more in the video interview above. Don't miss what's in store when Watchmen arrives October 20.
Watchmen, Series Premiere, Sunday, October 20, 9/8c, HBO
'Legacies' EP on Josie's Trauma & the Musical Episode Today, 4:00 pm
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Stanford Libraries Acquires the Archive of David Bacon
The Stanford Libraries have added the photos of Bay-Area based photojournalist David Bacon to their archives. Bacon, the author of In the Fields of the North/En los campos del norte, has documented the lives of migrant farmers for over thirty years. A political activist and union organizer, Bacon’s work sheds light on often-ignored communities and brings their concerns to the forefront of our cultural and political discussions.
Praise for In the Fields of the North / En los campos del norte
“Through his clear, concise writing, his informed captions, and his powerful photographs, David Bacon witnesses lives, not working human machines.”—Afterimage
“David Bacon allows us to be there. Inside the temporary ‘homes’ created in cabins standing in the middle of nowhere. Homes that often become permanent by filling them with the workers’ hope.” — Ana Luisa Anza, Editor, Cuartoscuro
In the Fields of the North / En los campos del norte showcases Bacon’s most recent photos of migrant farmers. Told in both English and Spanish, these are the stories of farmworkers exposed to extreme weather and pesticides, injured from years of working bent over for hours at a time, and treated as cheap labor. The stories in this book remind us that the food that appears on our dinner tables is the result of back-breaking labor, rampant exploitation, and powerful resilience.
TAGS: 9780520296077, David Bacon, En los campos del norte, In the Fields of the North, migrant farmers, Migrant farmworkers, photojournalism, Stanford Libraries
CATEGORIES: Art, Latin American Studies, Sociology
is a photojournalist, author, political activist, and union organizer. He is the author of The Children of NAFTA, Communities Without Borders, Illegal People, and The Right to Stay Home.
See Our Authors at the American Psychiatric Association
Eid Mubarak! Recommended Reading for Eid al-Fitr
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Ondo 2020: Akeredolu floors Anifowose
Gov. Akeredolu
The Federal High Court in Abuja, on Wednesday, dismissed another suit challenging the validity of the emergence of Gov. Oluwarotimi Akeredolu as the candidate of the All Progressives Congress (APC) in the July 20 primary election.
Delivering a ruling, Justice Inyang Ekwo, dismissed the suit filed by Mrs Olajumoke Anifowose, an APC aspirants in the poll.
Ekwo held that the application was statute barred.
The News Agency of Nigeria (NAN) reports that Akeredolu was declared the winner of the Oct. 11, 2020 governorship election in the state after polling 292, 830 votes to defeat his closest rival, Mr Eyitayo Jegede of the PDP, who scored 195, 791 votes.
NAN also reports that on Dec. 16, 2020, a Federal High Court dismissed another suit challenging the validity of the July 20, 2020, primary election which produced Akeredolu as the APC candidate in the October 2020 election in the state.Delivering judgment in that matter, instituted by an APC governorship aspirant in Ondo State, Dr Nath Adojutelegan, Justice Okon Abang held that the case was statute-barred as it was not filed within 14 days of the arising of the cause of action.The judge in upholding the notices of preliminary objection filed by Akeredolu and the APC held that from the facts presented by the plaintiff the crux of his grouse was about the use of the indirect mode of the primary election, which he objected.
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January 25, 2015 | General News
Delta: Kidnappers Demand N100m Ransom Over Abducted Udu PG Sokoh
… As UPU, Udu Council Chair Condemn Action
The suspected kidnappers of the President General of Udu Kingdom, Chief Steve Sokoh, have contacted his family demanding for N100million for his release.
Sources told THEWILL that the kidnappers had contacted the wife of the victim, demanding N100million but later reduced the ransom to N20million on Friday evening.
The Udu Kingdom President General was abducted on Thursday by unknown gunmen.
Udu Council chairman, Hon. Solomon Kpoma, confirmed that the kidnappers have communicated with the wife of Chief Sokoh, demanding for N20million ransom before he would be released.
He however appealed to the family, youths and residents of Udu to remain calm and go about their normal businesses, adding that the security agents have been informed and they are working to ensure that the Chief is released.
Meanwhile, condemnations have continued to trail the abduction of the community leader as his whereabouts have remained unknown.
The Urhobo cultural organisation, the Urhobo Progress Union (UPU), Worldwide, the Udu Local Government Council Chairman, Hon. Solomon Kpoma as well as the UPU Youth Wing World-Wide have condemned in its entirety the abduction of Sokoh.
UPU's President General, Chief Joe Omene, has given the kidnappers 24 hours ultimatum to release the victim.
Omene noted that if they find out that the kidnapping is politically motivated, the body will ensure those behind the act are brought to book and dealt with appropriately.
In the same vein, the UPU Youth Wing, speaking through Comrade Lucky Sorhue, said the entire youths in Urhobo nation have declared war on the kidnappers.
He said that the body will work with security agencies to ensure that Chief Sokoh is released unconditionally.
“We the Urhobo youths will fight like a wounded lion, if the agency doesn't take this matter serious, the UPU youth wing will embark on house-to-house search for the release of Chief Sokoh.
Sorhue however called on the leadership of Ijaw Youth Council (IYC), Itsekiri Youth Congress as well as the Isoko National Youth Assembly (INYA) to assist in the search of the kidnapped President General in their various areas.
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Golf: Otukpo ladies open, Mark charges Women to promote the game
President of the Senate, Senator David Mark, has charged women across the country to help promote sports in all ramification as the needed ingredient for peace and unity.
Senator Mark opined that women as the builders of homes have the twin advantages of moulding the characters of the young ones as well as promoting healthy competitions saying they hold the sustenance of the society.
Speaking at the tee-off of the 2nd edition of Otukpo Ladies Open golf tournament in Benue State yesterday, Sen. Mark said women are the pillars of every family have the capacity to correct societal ills through sports development.
He was pleased about the tournament which he said has improved over the years, pointing out that ” more female golfers now participate in the annual tournament which serves as impetus for women empowerment and growth in our society.”
According to him: “You are up for a serious task as mothers and builders of homes. It is really challenging but with dedication and commitments, you will surely attain greater heights.”
Earlier, the Lady Captain, Otukpo Gold and Country Club, Mrs. Helen Mark thanked the participants at the tournament just as he urged them to play by the rules of the game .
She pointed out that the Otukpo Golf and County Club has produced more female golfers who are now doing well in national and international competitions.
She explained that the golf club now runs a golf academy which is already producing fruits with young and talented golfers saying ” as potential mothers , join me to thank the founder and financial of the academy (Sen. Mark) who is nurturing our children for a greater tomorrow “.
Mrs. Mark called on other well meaning Nigerians to join the the struggle to liberate our women and make them partakers in the onerous task of building a better Nigeria.
Also speaking, the Wives of Benue and Kogi State governors; Yemisi Suswam and Halima Wada praised the host (Mrs. Mark ) stressing that the project is geared towards empowering Nigerian women through the game of golf .
The duo pledged their support to the development of woman folks in our society through sports such as golf.
Top golfers participating in this year's tournament includes Ladies Golfers Association of Nigeria President, Mrs. Meg Attoh, Faith Baya, Teryila Aganyi, Helen Ayo and President of Nigerian Golf Federation, Dr. Peter Deshi among others.
Paul Mumeh
Chief Press Secretary to the President of the Senate
The post Golf: Otukpo ladies open, Mark charges Women to promote the game appeared first on Pointblank News .
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February 4, 2019 | Crime & Punishment
How A Greedy Man Killed A Woman Friend Because Of Money
By Olawale Adewale, The Nigerian Voice, Abeokuta
A greedy man in Ogun State, Kazeem Adebayo has killed his 30-yaer-old woman friend, Abosede Adesanya and buried her in a shallow grave after dispossessing the woman of her N500,000.
The 47-yaer-old man who resides in Ijebu-Igbo buried the woman in his house and pretended that he didn’t know the whereabouts of the woman when her relatives were looking for her.
The mother of the deceased, Mrs Amoke Onasanya told policemen at Ijebu-Igbo divisional police headquarters on the 25th Jan, 2019 that her daughters received a call from Adebayo on 24th of January 2019 that he (Adebayo) has got a plot of land for the deceased to buy for her mother, consequent upon which the deceased left home with the sum of #530,000.
She stated further that hours after Abosede left home, her cell phone was switched off and she has not been reached since then. Upon the report, Adebayo was invited by the police at Ijebu-Igbo division, but he denied knowing the whereabouts of the deceased.
The Police Public Relations Officer for Ogun State Police Command, Abimbola Oyeyemi said the Commissioner of Police in the state, CP Ahmed Iliyasu order the Deputy Commissioner of police in charge of State Criminals Investigation and Intelligence Department DCP Wale Abbas to take over the investigation with the view of discovering the mystery behind the sudden disappearance of the victim who was a mother of five.
Oyeyemi said the investigation embarked upon by the detectives from SCIID led to the discovery of a shallow grave right inside Adebayo’s house. According to the PPRO, when the grave was dug, the decomposing body of the victim was discovered.
The PPRO said “It was at this point that the suspect confessed killing the deceased and took possession of the #530,000 on her. He confessed further that he hit her on the head which led to the deceased death and subsequently buried her in his house, in order to cover any trace of the woman’s death to him.”
The police spokesperson said Adebayo confessed that he has used #30,000 out of the money he took from the deceased to settle an outstanding debt while the remaining #500,000 is been kept with one his friends. He said the corpse of the deceased has been deposited at General Hospital morgue for post mortem.
Commissioner of Police, CP Ahmed Iliyasu has directed the SCIID to expedite action into the investigation in order to arraign the suspect as soon as possible.
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Greek Mythology >> Greek Gods Cult >> Demeter Cult >> Page 3
DEMETER CULT 3
Δημητηρ
Dêmêtêr
Latin Spelling
"Demeter of Cnidus", Greek statue from Cnidus C4th B.C., British Museum
DEMETER was the Olympian goddess of agriculture, grain and bread. She was usually worshipped in conjunction with her daughter Kore.
This page describes the cult of the goddess in central and northern Greece, the Aegean islands and the Greek colonies of Asia Minor and Italy. Her most significant shrines in these regions were those of Thermopylai--site of the Amphityonic League--and Enna on the grain-rich island of Sicily.
The image right (S3.7) showing a seated matron with a head veil is believed to represent Demeter mourning her lost daughter Persephone.
CLASSICAL LITERATURE QUOTES
CULT IN BOEOTIA (CENTRAL GREECE)
I. THEBES Main City of Boeotia (Boiotia)
Pausanias, Description of Greece 9. 16. 5 - 6 (trans. Jones) (Greek travelogue C2nd A.D.) :
"The sanctuary of Demeter Thesmophoros (Lawgiver) [in Thebes, Boiotia] is said to have been at one time the palace of [the mythical king] Kadmos and his descendants. The image of Demeter is visible down to the chest. Here have been dedicated bronze shields, said to be those of Lakedaimonian officers who fell at Leuktra."
Aelian, Historical Miscellany 12. 57 (trans. Wilson) (Greek rhetorician C2nd to 3rd A.D.) :
"When Alexandros the son of Philippos led his forces against Thebes the gods sent them signs and portents presaging their imminent fate . . . In the city at the temple of Demeter a spider began to cover the face of the cult statue with its handiwork and weave its usual product."
II. Near THEBES Main City of Boeotia
"Advancing from here twenty-five stades [from the Neistan Gate of Thebes, Boiotia] you come to a grove of Demeter Kabeiraie (of the Kabeiroi) and Kore (the Maid). The initiated are permitted to enter it. The sanctuary of the Kabeiroi is some seven stades distant from this grove. I must ask the curious to forgive me if I keep silence as to who the Kabeiroi are, and what is the nature of the ritual performed in honor of them and of Meter (the Mother). But there is nothing to prevent my declaring to all what the Thebans say was the origin of the ritual. They say that once there was in this place a city, with inhabitants called Kabeiroi; and that Demeter came to know Prometheus, one of the Kabeiroi, and Aetnailis his son, and entrusted something to their keeping. What was entrusted to them, and what happened to it, seemed to me a sin to put into writing, but at any rate the rites are a gift of Demeter to the Kabeiroi."
III. SCOLLUS (SKOLLOS) Village in Boeotia
Pausanias, Description of Greece 9. 3. 4 :
"The temple of Demeter and Kore [at Skollos, Boiotia] among the ruins is not finished, and only half-finished are the images of the goddesses."
IV. ASCRA (ASKRA) Village in Boeotia
Pausanias, Description of Greece 9. 23. 3 :
"It is said that on reaching old age a vision came to him [the poet Pindaros of Askra in Boiotia] in a dream. As he slept Persephone stood by him and declared that she alone of the deities had note been honoured by Pindaros with a hymn, but that Pindaros would compose an ode to her also when he had come to her. Pindaros died at once, before ten days had passed since the dream. But there was in Thebes an old woman related by birth to Pindaros who had practised singing most of his Odes. By her side in a dream stood Pindaros and sang a hymn to Persephone. Immediately on waking out of her sleep she wrote down all she had heard him singing in her dream. In this song, among the epithets he applies to Haides is ‘golden-reined’--a clear reference to the rape of Persephone."
V. PLATAEA (PLATAIA) Town in Boeotia
"There is also at Plataia [in Boiotia] a sanctuary of Demeter, surnamed Eleusinia (of Eleusis)."
"When Philip died, and the kingship of Makedonia devolved on Alexandros, the Thebans succeeded in destroying the [Makedonian] garrison. But as soon as they had done so, heaven warned them of the destruction that was coming on them, and the signs that occurred in the sanctuary of Demeter Thesmophoros (Lawgiver) were the opposite of those that occurred before the action at Leuktra."
Herodotus, Histories 9. 57 (trans. Godley) (Greek historian C5th B.C.) :
"By the stream Molois and the place called Argiopion [near Plataia in Boiotia] there is a shrine of Demeter Eleusinia."
Herodotus, Histories 9. 65 :
"At Plataia the [historical army of the] Persians routed by the Lakedaimonians, fled in disorder to their own camp and inside the wooden walls which they had made in the territory of Thebes. It is indeed a marvel that although the battle was right by the grove of Demeter, there was no sign that any Persian had been killed in the precinct or entered into it; most of them fell near the temple in unconsecrated ground. I think--if it is necessary to judge the ways of the gods--that the goddess herself denied them entry, since they had burnt her temple, the shrine at Eleusis."
"They kept to the spurs of the mountain [Kithairon in Boiotia] and the hill country, by the road that led upward straight to the temple of Demeter."
Herodotus, Histories 9. 101 :
"There was the additional coincidence, that there were precincts of Demeter Eleusinia on both battlefields [of the historical Greek-Persian War]; for at Plataia the fight was near the temple of Demeter, as I have already said, and so it was to be at Mykale also [an Ionian promontory opposite the island of Samos]."
VI. POTNIAE (POTNIAI) Village in Boeotia
Pausanias, Description of Greece 9. 8. 1 (trans. Jones) (Greek travelogue C2nd A.D.) :
"Across the Asopos [in Boiotia], about ten stades distant from the city, are the ruins of Potniai, in which is a grove of Demeter and Kore (the Maid). The images at the river that flows past Potniai [text missing] they name the goddesses. At an appointed time they perform their accustomed ritual, one part of which is to let loose young pigs into what are called ‘the halls (megara).’ At the same time next year these pigs appear, they say, in Dodona. This story others can believe if they wish."
VII. Near MYCALESSUS (MYKALESSSOS) Village in Boeotia
"On the way to the coast of Mykalessos is a sanctuary of Demeter Mykalessia. They say that each night it is shut up and opened again by Herakles, and that Herakles is one of what are called the Daktyloi Idaioi [or perhaps originally the hero]. Here is shown the following marvel. Before the feet of the image they place all the fruits of autumn, and these remain fresh throughout all the year."
VIII. ANTHEDON Village in Boeotia
"About the center of Anthedon [in Boiotia] is a sanctuary of the Kabeiroi, with a grove around it, near which is a temple of Demeter and her daughter [Kore], with images of white marble."
IX. COPAE (KOPAI) Village in Boeotia
"Here [in the town of Kopai by Lake Kopais, Boiotia] is a sanctuary of Demeter."
X. LEBADEIA Village in Boeotia
Pausanias, Description of Greece 9. 39. 4 - 5 :
"[In the grove of the oracular daimon Trophonios at Lebadeia, Boiotia] there is also a sanctuary of Demeter surnamed Europe, and a Zeus Huetios (Rain-god) in the open . . . He who descends [into the oracle of Trophonios] sacrifices to Trophonios himself and to the children of Trophonios, to Apollon also and . . . to Demeter whom they surname Europa and say was the nurse of Trophonios."
"The grove of Trophonios [stands] by the river Herkyna. They say that here Herkyna, when playing with Kore (the Maid), the daughter of Demeter, held a goose which against her will she let loose. The bird flew into a hollow cave and hid under a stone; Kore entered and took the bird as it lay under the stone. The water flowed, they say, from the place where Kore took up the stone, and hence the river received the name of Herkyna (Lady of the Stone Enclosure). On the bank of the river there is a temple of Herkyna [of Kore Herkyna], in which is a maiden holding a goose in her arms."
CULT IN PHOCIS (CENTRAL GREECE)
Demeter-Ceres, Greco-Roman marble statue, State Hermitage Museum
I. DRYMAEA (DRYMAIA) Village in Phocis (Phokis)
Pausanias, Description of Greece 10. 33. 12 :
"At Drymaia [in Phokis] is an ancient sanctuary of Demeter Thesmophoros (Lawgiver), with a standing image made of stone. Every year they hold a feast in her honor, the Thesmophoria."
II. STIRIS Village in Phocis
"In Stiris [in Phokis] is a sanctuary of Demeter surnamed Stiria. It is of unburnt brick; the image is of Pentelic marble, and the goddess is holding torches. Beside her, bound with ribbons, is an image of Demeter, as ancient as any of that goddess that exists."
CULT IN OPUNTIAN LOCRIS (CENTRAL GREECE)
I. THERMOPYLAE (THERMOPYLAI) Town in Locris (Lokris)
Strabo, Geography 9. 4. 17 (trans. Jones) (Greek geographer C1st B.C. to C1st A.D.) :
"There is also a large harbor here [at Thermopylai, Opuntian Lokris], and a temple of Demeter, in which at the time of every Pylaian assembly the Amphiktyons performed sacrificial rites."
Strabo, Geography 9. 3. 7 :
"The first cities which came together [to form the Amphiktyonic League to care for the shared shrines of Ancient Greece] are said to have been twelve, and each sent a Pylagoras, the assembly convening twice a year, in spring and in late autumn; but later still more cities were added. They called the assembly Pylaia, both that of spring and that of late autumn, since they convened at Pylai, which is also called Thermopylai; and the Pylagorai sacrificed to Demeter."
Herodotus, Histories 7. 200 (trans. Godley) (Greek historian C5th B.C.) :
"Between the river [Phoinix, a tributory of the Asopos River] and Thermopylai there is a village named Anthele, past which the Asopos flows out into the sea, and there is a wide space around it in which stand a temple of Demeter Amphiktyonis, seats for the Amphiktyones, and a temple of Amphiktyon himself."
CULT IN THESSALY (NORTHERN GREECE)
I. Near HALOS Town of Phthiotis in Thessaly (Thessalia)
"[In the region of Phthiotis in Thessalia] One comes to Pteleon and Halos; and then to the temple of Demeter and to Pyrasos."
Callimachus, Hymn 6 to Demeter (trans. Mair) (Greek poet C3rd B.C.) :
"In holy Dotion [in Thessalia] dwelt the Pelasgians and unto thyself they made a fair grove abounding in trees; hardly would an arrow have passed through them. Therein was pine, and therein were mighty elms, and therein were pear-trees, and therein were fair sweet-apples; and from the ditches gushes up water as it were of amber. And the goddess loved the place to madness, even as Eleusis, as Triopion [in Karia], as Enna [in Sikelia (Sicily)] . . . Nikippe, whom the city had appointed to be her public priestess, and in her hand she grasped her fillets and her poppy, and from her shoulder hung her key [as priestess]."
CULT IN PAROS (GREEK AEGEAN)
I. PAROS Main Town of Paros
Pausanias, Description of Greece 10. 28. 3 (trans. Jones) (Greek travelogue C2nd A.D.) :
"[Depicted on the boat of Kharon in the painting by Polygnotos at Delphoi:] not altogether distinguished. Tellis appears as a youth in years, and Kleoboia as still a maiden, holding on her knees a chest such as they are wont to make for Demeter. All I heard about [Kleobaia was that] . . . Kleoboia, they say that she was the first to bring the Orgia (Mysteries) of Demeter to Thasos from Paros."
"[The historical Athenian general] Miltiades was in a quandary [over how to capture the island of Paros], a captive woman named Timo, Parian by birth and an under-priestess of the goddesses of the dead [Persephone], came to talk with him. Coming before Miltiades, she advised him, if taking Paros was very important to him, to do whatever she suggested. Then, following her advice, he passed through to the hill in front of the city and jumped over the fence of the precinct of Demeter Thesmophoros (the Lawgiver), since he was unable to open the door. After leaping over, he went to the shrine, whether to move something that should not be moved, or with some other intention. When he was right at the doors, he was immediately seized with panic and hurried back by the same route; leaping down from the wall he twisted his thigh, but some say he hit his knee.
So Miltiades sailed back home in a sorry condition, neither bringing money for the Athenians nor having won Paros; he had besieged the town for twenty-six days and ravaged the island. The Parians learned that Timo the under-priestess of the goddesses had been Miltiades' guide and desired to punish her for this. Since they now had respite from the siege, they sent messengers to Delphoi to ask if they should put the under-priestess to death for guiding their enemies to the capture of her native country, and for revealing to Miltiades the rites that no male should know. But the Pythian priestess forbade them, saying that Timo was not responsible: Miltiades was doomed to make a bad end, and an apparition had led him in these evils."
CULT IN THASOS (GREEK AEGEAN)
I. THASOS Main Town of Thasos
"All I heard about [Kleobaia was that] . . . Kleoboia, they say that she was the first to bring the orgies (mysteries) of Demeter to Thasos from Paros."
CULT IN RHODES (GREEK AEGEAN)
Suidas s.v. Asphodelos (trans. Suda On Line) (Byzantine Greek lexicon C10th A.D.) :
"Asphodelos (Asphodel) : A bulbous plant, having long leaves and an edible stem; and its seed when roasted and the root chopped up with figs fetches a high price. [It is] sacred to Persephone and the underworld [deities]. Also Rhodians wreath Kore [Persephone] and Artemis with asphodel."
CULT IN LYDIA (ASIA MINOR)
Demeter-Ceres, Greco-Roman marble statue, Palazzo Altemps National Roman Museum
I. EPHESUS (EPHESOS) City of Ionia - Lydia
Strabo, Geography 14. 1. 3 (trans. Jones) (Greek geographer C1st B.C. to C1st A.D.) :
"Androklos, legitimate son of Kodros the king of Athens, was the leader of the Ionian colonization . . . and that he became the founder of Ephesos . . . And still now the descendants of his family are called kings; and they have certain honors, I mean the privilege of . . . [various privileges listed including the] superintendence of the sacrifices in honor of Demeter Eleusinia."
CULT IN CARIA (ASIA MINOR)
I. MYCALE (MYKALE) Town in Ionia - Caria (Karia)
"There was the additional coincidence, that there were precincts of Demeter Eleusinia on both battlefields [of the historical Greek-Persian War]; for at Plataia the fight was near the temple of Demeter, as I have already said, and so it was to be at Mykale also [on the Ionian promontory opposite the island of Samos]."
"They came past the temple of the Goddesses [Demeter and Persephone] at Mykale [in Asia Minor]."
II. MILETUS (MILETOS) Town in Ionia - Caria
Parthenius, Love Romances 8 (trans. Gaselee) (Greek poet C1st B.C.) :
"During the invasion of Ionia by the Gauls [circa 275 BC] and the devastation by them of the Ionian cities, it happened that on one occasion at Miletos, the feast of the Thesmophoria [of Demeter Thesmophoros] was taking place, and the women of the city were congregated in temple a little way outside the town. At that time a part of the barbarian army had become separated from the main body and had entered the territory of Miletos; and there, by a sudden raid, it carried off the women."
III. TRIOPIUM (TRIOPION) Town in Caria
"And the goddess loved the place [her holy precinct] to madness, even as Eleusis, as Triopion [in Karia], as Enna [in Sikelia]."
CULT IN SCYTHIA (EASTERN EUROPE)
I. BORYSTHENITAE (BORYSTHENEITAI) Town in Scythia (Skythia) (Greek Colony)
"When the Borysthenes [river of Skythia] comes near the sea, the Hypanis mingles with it, running into the same marsh; the land between these rivers, where the land projects like a ship's beak, is called Hippolaus' promontory; a temple of Demeter stands there. The settlement of the Borystheneitai [a Greek colony] is beyond the temple, on the Hypanis."
CULT IN CYPRUS (EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN)
Ovid, Metamorphoses 10. 431 (trans. Melville) (Roman epic C1st B.C. to C1st A.D.) :
"The time of Ceres' [Demeter's] festival had come [to Kypros], in duty kept by mothers every year, when, robed in white, they bring their first fruit gifts of wheat in garlands, and for nine nights count love and the touch of men forbidden things."
CULT IN SICILY (SOUTHERN ITALY)
Pindar, Nemean Ode 1 ant1 (trans. Conway) (Greek lyric C5th B.C.) :
"This isle, which Zeus, lord of Olympos, gave to Persephone, and ruled nodding his flowing locks, that Sikilia (Sicily) bear on her soil the dower of harvest riches, first of all fruitful earth, and her proud crown of glorious citadels. Bestowed upon her too the son of Kronos a people of proud horsemen."
Diodorus Siculus, Library of History 5. 2. 3 - 5. 5. 1 (trans. Oldfather) (Greek historian C1st B.C.) :
"The Sikeliotai who dwell in the island [of Sicily] have received the tradition from their ancestors, the report having ever been handed down successively from earliest time by one generation to the next, that the island is sacred to Demeter and Kore [Persephone]; although there are certain poets who recount the myth that at the marriage of Plouton [Haides] and Persephone Zeus gave this island as a wedding present to the bride.
That the ancient inhabitants of Sikelia (Sicily), the Sikanoi, were indigenous, is stated by the best authorities among historians, and also that the goddesses we have mentioned made their first appearance on this island, and that it was the first, because of the fertility of the soil, to bring forth the fruit of corn, facts to which the most renowned of the poets also bears witness when he [Homer in the Odyssey in describing the land of the Kyklopes] writes : ‘But all these things grow there for them unsown and even untilled, both wheat and barley, yea, and vines, which yield such wine as fine grapes give, and rain of Zeus gives increase unto them.’
Indeed, in the plain of Leontini, we are told, and throughout many other parts of Sikelia the what men call ‘wild’ grows even to this day. And, speaking generally, before the corn was discovered, if one were to raise the question, what manner of land it was of the inhabited earth where the fruits we have mentioned appeared for the first time, the meed of honour may reasonably be accorded to the richest land; and in keeping with what we have stated, it is also to be observed the goddesses who made this discovery [Demeter and Persephone] are those who receive the highest honours among the Sikeliotai (Sicilians).
Again, the fact that the Rape of Kore took place in Sikelia is, men say, proof most evident that the goddesses made this island their favourite retreat because it was cherished by them before all others. And the Rape of Kore, the myth relates, took place in the meadows of the territory of Enna. The spot lies near the city, a place of striking beauty for its violets and every other kind of flower and worthy of the goddess. And the story is told that, because of the sweet odour of the flowers growing there, trained hunting dogs are unable to hold the trail, because their natural sense of smell is balked. And the meadow we have mentioned is level in the centre and well watered throughout, but on its periphery it rises high and falls off with precipitous cliffs on every side. And it is conceived of as lying in the very centre of the island, which is the reason why certain writers call it the navel of Sikelia. Near to it also are sacred groves, surrounded by marshy flats, and a huge grotto which contains a chasm which leads down into the earth and opens to the north, and through it, the myth relates, Plouton, coming out with his chariot, effected the Rape of Kore. And the violets, we are told, and the rest of the flowers which supply the sweet odour continue to bloom, to one's amazement, throughout the entire year, and so the whole aspect of the place is one of flowers and delight . . .
Kore [Persephone], we are told, received as her portion [of Sicily] the meadows round about Enna; but a great fountain was made sacred to her in the territory of Syrakousa and given the name Kyane or ‘Azure Font’. For the myth relates that it was near Syrakousa that Plouton [Haides] effected the Rape of Kore and took her away in his chariot, and that after cleaving the earth asunder he himself descended into Haides, taking along with him the bride whom he had seized, and that he caused the fountain named Kyane to gush forth, near which the Syrakousans each year hold a notable festive gathering; and private individuals offer the lesser victims, but when the ceremony is on behalf of the community, bulls are plunged in the pool, this manner of sacrifice having been commanded by Herakles on the occasion when he made the circuit of all Sikelia, while driving off the cattle of Geryones.
After the Rape of Kore, the myth goes on to recount, Demeter, being unable to find her daughter, kindled torches in the craters of Mt Aitna and visited many parts of the inhabited world . . . The inhabitants of Sikelia, since by reason of the intimate relationship with Demeter and Kore with them they were the first to share in the corn after its discovery, instituted to each on of the goddesses sacrifices and festive gatherings, which they named after them, and by the time chosen for these made acknowledgement of the gifts which had been conferred upon them. In the case of Kore, for instance, they established the celebration of her return at about the time when the fruit of the corn was found to come to maturity, and they celebrate this sacrifice and festive gathering with such strictness of observance and such zeal as we should reasonably expect those men to show who are returning thanks for having been selected before all mankind for the greatest possible gift . . .
That the Rape of Kore took place in the manner we have described is attested by many ancient historians and poets. Karkinos the tragic poet, for instance, who often visited Syrakousa and witnessed the zeal which the inhabitants displayed in the sacrifices and festive gatherings for both Demeter and Kore, has the following verses in his writings : ‘Demeter's daughter, her whom none may name, by secret schemings Plouton [Haides], men say, stole, and then he dropped into earth's depths, whose light is darkness. Longing for the vanished girl her mother searched and visited all lands in turn. And Sikelia's land by Aitna's crags was filled with streams of fire which no man could approach, and groaned throughout its length; in grief over the maiden now the folk, beloved of Zeus, was perishing without the corn. Hence honour they these goddesses even now.’"
Aelian, Historical Miscellany 1. 27 (trans. Wilson) (Greek rhetorician C2nd to 3rd A.D.) :
"It is also said that there is a temple to Adephagia (Gluttony) in Sikelia (Sicily), and a statue of Demeter Sitos (the corn goddess)." [N.B. Adephagia probably denotes, "eating ones fill," rather than indulgence.]
Ovid, Fasti 4. 417 (trans.Boyle) (Roman poetry C1st B.C. to C1st A.D.) :
"Jutting into the vast ocean with its three cliffs is Trinacris [Sicily], named after its shape. It is Ceres' [Demeter's] dear home. Its many cities include fertile Henna with its well-ploughed soil. Cool-fresh Arethusa had called divine matrons [of the town of Syrakouse] to a sacred feast; the blonde goddess [Demeter] came."
I. SYRACUSE (SYRAKOUSA) City in Sicily (Sikelia) (Greek Colony)
Pindar, Olympian Ode 6 ant5 (trans. Conway) (Greek lyric C5th B.C.) :
"[Ortygia in Sikania (Sicily)] worships the red-strewn carpet where Demeter treads, and the feast of her daughter [Kore], goddess of the white horses, and lofty power of Zeus of Aitna."
Plutarch, Lives Nisias 1. 3 (trans. Perrin) (Greek historian C1st to C2nd A.D.) :
"It was fitting that [the god] Herakles should aid the Syrakousans [in an historical battle against the Athenians] for the sake of their goddess Kore [patron goddess of Sikelia (Sicily)] who delivered Kerberos into his hands."
Diodorus Siculus, Library of History 4. 23. 4 (trans. Oldfather) (Greek historian C1st B.C.) :
"While Herakles was making the circuit of Sikelia (Sicily) at this time he came to the city which is now called Syrakousa (Syracuse), and on learning what the myth relates about the rape of Kore he offered sacrifices to the goddesses on a magnificent scale, and after dedicating to her the fairest bull of his herd and casting it in the spring of Kyane he commanded the natives to sacrifice each year to Kore and to conduct at Kyane a festive gathering and a sacrifice in splendid fashion."
"Cool-fresh Arethusa had called divine matrons [of the town of Syrakouse] to a sacred feast; the blonde goddess [Demeter] came."
See also Diodorus Siculus in the Sicily intro above.
II. GELA Town in Sicily (Greek Colony)
"His [Telines a historical king of the Sicilian town of Gela] descendants in time became and continue to be priests of the Theai Khthoniai (Goddesses of the Underworld) [Demeter and Persephone]; this office had been won, as I will show, by Telines, one of their forefathers. There were certain Geloans who had been worsted in party strife and had been banished to the town of Maktorion, inland of Gela. These men Telines brought to Gela with no force of men but only the holy instruments of the Goddesses worship to aid him. From where he got these, and whether or not they were his own invention, I cannot say; however that may be, it was in reliance upon them that he restored the exiles, on the condition that his descendants should be ministering priests of the Goddesses."
III. ENNA-HENNA Town in Sicily (Greek Colony)
Strabo, Geography 6. 2. 6 (trans. Jones) (Greek geographer C1st B.C. to C1st A.D.) :
"In the interior [of Sikelia (Sicily), Italia] is Enna, where is the temple of Demeter, with only a few inhabitants; it is situated on a hill, and is wholly surrounded by broad plateaus that are tillable."
"Jutting into the vast ocean with its three cliffs is Trinacris [Sicily], named after its shape. It is Ceres' [Demeter's] dear home. Its many cities include fertile Henna with its well-ploughed soil."
See also Diodorus Siculus section above describing Demeter's cult in Sicily.
CULT IN BRUTTIUM (SOUTHERN ITALY)
I. HIPPONIUM (HIPPONION) Town in Bruttium (Greek Colony)
"Because the country round about Hipponion [in Southern Italia] has luxuriant meadows abounding in flowers, people have believed that Kore [Persephone] used to come hither from Sikelia (Sicily) to gather flowers; and consequently it has become the custom among the women of Hipponion to gather flowers and to weave them into garlands, so that on festival days it is disgraceful to wear bought garlands."
II. LOCRI EPIZEPHYRI (LOKROI EPIZEPHYROI) Town in Bruttium (Greek Colony)
Cicero, De Natura Deorum 3. 34 (trans. Rackham) (Roman rhetorician C1st B.C.) :
"Dionysius . . . having plundered the temple of Proserpine [Persephone or Kore] at Locri [in Italy], was sailing back to Syracusa, and as he ran before a very favourable wind, remarked with a smile, ‘See you, my friends, what a good crossing the immortal gods bestow on men guilty of sacrilege.’"
CULT IN BRITIAN (SOUTHERN BRITIAN)
"[Artemidoros'] story about Demeter and Kore is credible. He says that there is an island near Britain on which sacrifices are performed like those sacrifices on Samothrake that have to do with Demeter and Kore [or local Keltic goddesses associated with them]."
UNKOWN LOCATION
Suidas s.v. Abyssos (trans. Suda On Line) (Byzantine Greek lexicon C10th A.D.) :
"Abyssos (abyss, pit) : There was a temple of Persephone, which guarded much gold from all ages and kept it sacred. In this temple there was a certain pit of gold, unseen by the many because hidden under ground."
Pindar, Odes - Greek Lyric C5th B.C.
Herodotus, Histories - Greek History C5th B.C.
Callimachus, Hymns - Greek Poetry C3rd B.C.
Parthenius, Love Romances - Greek Mythography C1st B.C.
Diodorus Siculus, The Library of History - Greek History C1st B.C.
Strabo, Geography - Greek Geography C1st B.C. - C1st A.D.
Pausanias, Description of Greece - Greek Travelogue C2nd A.D.
Plutarch, Lives - Greek Historian C1st - 2nd A.D.
Aelian, Historical Miscellany - Greek Rhetoric C2nd - 3rd A.D.
Ovid, Metamorphoses - Latin Epic C1st B.C. - C1st A.D.
Ovid, Fasti - Latin Poetry C1st B.C. - C1st A.D.
Cicero, De Natura Deorum - Latin Rhetoric C1st B.C.
Suidas, The Suda - Byzantine Greek Lexicon C10th A.D.
A complete bibliography of the translations quoted on this page.
DEMETER PAGES INDEX
Part 1: Introduction
Family Tree of Demeter
Hymns to Demeter
Part 2: Demeter Goddess of
Part 3: Demeter Myths 1 General
Part 3: Demeter Myths 3 Loves
Part 3: Demeter Myths 4 Wrath
Part 3: Demeter Myths 5 Favour
Part 4: Estate & Retinue
Part 5: Cult of Demeter 1
General Cult
Orgia & Mysteries
Attica, Southern Greece
Megaris, Southern Greece
Aegina, Southern Greece
Corinth, Southern Greece
Sicyon, Southern Greece
Argolis, Southern Greece
Laconia, Southern Greece
Messenia, Southern Greece
Elis, Southern Greece
Achaea, Southern Greece
Arcadia, Southern Greece
Boeotia, Central Greece
Phocis, Central Greece
Opuntian Locris, Central Greece
Thessaly, Northern Greece
Paros, Greek Aegean
Thasos, Greek Aegean
Rhodes, Greek Aegean
Caria, Anatolia
Lydia, Anatolia
Scythia, Eastern Europe
Cyprus, Mediterranean
Sicily, Southern Italy
Bruttium, Southern Italy
Britain, Northern Europe
Part 6: Titles & Epithets
Poetic Titles & Epithets
Cult Titles
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Utah trooper shot 4 times returning to work with promotion
SALT LAKE CITY – A Utah Highway Patrol trooper who survived being shot four times during a shootout recounted how he tried to scurry to safety on his back while thinking of how badly he wanted to return home to his wife and four children.
During a news conference Monday, Lt. Paul Kotter revealed for the first time the harrowing details of the Aug. 28 traffic stop near Hill Air Force Base that turned into a crossfire with the driver that nearly killed Kotter and left the suspect dead, the Deseret News reports.
Kotter, who returned to work this week with a promotion to sergeant, said it started when 21-year-old Drew Moyer drove into an off-limits construction zone where Kotter was providing security. Kotter approached Moyer’s car, smelled alcohol and asked Moyer to get out.
That’s when Moyer pulled out a gun and pointed it at Kotter.
When Moyer first tried to shoot, the gun didn’t fire. That gave Kotter a few seconds to retreat before Moyer was able to fire at him. Kotter said he tripped and fell, breaking his left hand, but was still able to fire at Moyer while on his back as he was pushing himself back with his feet.
Kotter was hit twice in the rear end while trying to get away. He was shot twice in the back in his bullet proof vest as Moyer drove away.
Moyer drove off before smashing into a parked semi-trailer in the same construction zone. Troopers found him dead in his car, and a medical examiner later determined that the man shot and killed himself.
Holding back tears, Kotter said he is still shaken by the incident.
“When this whole thing started unfolding, the first thing that came to my mind was coming home to my family,” Kotter said. “I said to myself, ‘Nobody is going to take me away from my family,’ and I fought for my life.”
Moyer had been drinking with friends at a nearby apartment complex prior to the incident, Utah Highway Patrol Col. Danny Fuhr said. Friends told police that Moyer had just lost his job and was suicidal.
Kotter was promoted from sergeant to lieutenant of the DUI squad earlier this month. Fuhr called Kotter’s actions heroic.
Kotter said he has replayed the incident in his head several times. He credits the bulletproof vest he nearly left at home that night for saving his life.
“Before I put that thing on, for some reason looking back on it now, my vest was screaming at me, ‘Use me, because I’m going to be saving your life tonight,’” Kotter said.
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Space oddity? Monolith in Utah desert mystifies helicopter crew
By Peter Szekely
World 02 Dec 2020
Monolith or just trash? Metal sculpture in Utah appears to have been demolished
New metal monolith found on Dutch heath
Judge orders detention of man accused of hurling fire extinguisher at Capitol Police
Utah Department of Public Safety Aero Bureau and Utah Division of Wildlife Resources crew members walk near a metal monolith they discovered in a remote area of Red Rock Country in Utah, U.S. November 18, 2020. Utah Department of Public Safety via REUTERS
(Reuters) - They were on a mission to count sheep when they found something they had not counted on.
As a Utah helicopter crew buzzed over the southeastern part of the state looking for big horn sheep last week, sitting beneath them in the middle of the desert was a bright shiny monolith, the stuff of sci-fi sagas.
Pilot Bret Hutchings of the state Department of Public Safety recalled someone on board spotting the gleaming metal object firmly implanted in a small clearing set against the redness of the rocks and sand below.
“He’s like, whoa, whoa, whoa, turn around, turn around,” Hutchings told KSL-TV in Salt Lake City. “There’s this thing, there’s this thing back there. We’ve got to go look at it.”
After Hutchings set their helicopter down in the remote area, which remains undisclosed to discourage a rush of gawkers, they got a closer look, but found "no obvious indication" of how it got there, the public safety department said.
Images released by the department show the monolith coming up to the shoulders of a man standing on the shoulders of another after the discovery last Wednesday.
Hutchings joked about the object's possible other-worldly origins and the obvious parallel to the classic 1968 Stanley Kubrick film, but thought the answer was more down to Earth.
"I’m assuming it is some new wave artist or something, or somebody who just is a big '2001: A Space Odyssey' fan,” he said.
In the film, an alien monolith is a recurring symbol that appears to play a key role in man's evolution from the apes.
Whatever the Utah object's origins, it has fired up the minds of conspiracy theorists and sci-fi fans on social media.
"Finally someone gets it!" said Twitter user Dwight Jackson of Calgary, Alberta. "This is the 2020 reset we've been waiting for! Where is the mothership...?"
The U.S. Bureau of Land Management, which owns the land, declined to comment late on Tuesday on its investigation into the matter.
But it issued a reminder on Twitter that "using, occupying, or developing the public lands or their resources without a required authorization is illegal, no matter what planet you are from."
(Reporting by Peter Szekely in New York; editing by Bill Tarrant and Michael Perry)
75% readers found this article insightful
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Poor Mia’s Hunger Strike Was a YouTube Flop
On Thursday, May 7, the 11th day of her hunger strike, Mia Farrow’s only communication was her blog post, “I’m really struggling today.” Her “Day 12” message was, “Feeling awful. Blood sugar under 40. Muscles hurt. I won’t be able to continue much longer.” She didn’t explain why she hadn’t quit already. For far too […]
Sondra Lowell Guest Writer
Last Updated: May 8, 2009 @ 2:01 PM
On Thursday, May 7, the 11th day of her hunger strike, Mia Farrow’s only communication was her blog post, “I’m really struggling today.” Her “Day 12” message was, “Feeling awful. Blood sugar under 40. Muscles hurt. I won’t be able to continue much longer.” She didn’t explain why she hadn’t quit already.
For far too close to two weeks, she had kept Darfur in the news and rallied nearly 300 co-fasters, for varying lengths of time and varying levels of “fasting.” Some ate as much as a standard Darfuri diet of about 1,000 calories a day.
But what had she really accomplished? Impact these days is measured by hits on YouTube, and her MiaFarrow2009 YouTube channel was not a major draw. In her “Day 9” video on May 5, Mia said, “I can’t believe how many people have been watching these videos. It’s huge.”
Not by YouTube standards. Not by Numa Numa guy standards (28,586,009 views). Not by Chris Crocker’s ”Leave Britney Alone!” standards (25,289,348 views). Even a seven-year-old’s Chris Crocker parody got 204,826 views.
By the morning of May 8, only one MiaFarrow2009 video, “Day 8,” had neared 19,000 views. “Day 9” was closing in on a decent yet, virally speaking, insignificant 9,000. And that went up the day of her second hunger strike interview on Larry King.
In the same four day period, an assessment of a Philipino boxing match by YouTube regular HappySlip (Christine Gambito) got over 360,000 views.
Could it be that hunger strikes are not the best way to change minds in
the 21st century? Or did Mia’s quiet talks from her charming Connecticut
bedroom just need some spicing up? Quick jump cuts? A surprise appearance
by Michael Buckley, whose whatthebuckshow channel has 425,811 subscribers?
For a while it looked like Mia’s little granddaughter Maureen might turn things around. In the early videos, she was a slightly distracting offscreen voice. By the “Day 8” webisode, she was sneaking into frame, wiggling her fingers and mugging as grandma tried to convince viewers about the importance of their support. In “Day 9,” Maureen placed her head in front of Mia’s handwritten sign with the White House phone number, 202-456-1111, in block letters.
Well over 11 million viewers had flocked to “Star Wars according to a 3 year old.” And what about Will Ferrell’s megastar discovery, Pearl? Could Maureen have become Mia’s Pearl? We’ll never know.
As late as the “Day 10” video, one day before Mia admitted she was “struggling,” she seemed to be doing well: “OK, it’s day ten of no food at all, just water, and it’s really interesting, actually, because … I feel fine. It’s crazy … I don’t have a lot of energy, and sometimes I get, you know, hunger pangs. But other than that, it’s very strange.”
In her blog she added, “I realize we don’t need to eat every day. And we certainly don’t need 3 meals a day.”
At the beginning of the fast, Mia assured the public that a doctor was coming the following Monday and she wouldn’t take foolish chances with her health. Monday came and went with no mention of the doctor’s visit. Before the fast, she wrote on her Huffington Post blog, “And when I can no longer continue, I pray another will take my place, and another — until there is justice and peace for Darfur’s people.”
Commenters begged her not to die. In a later article. she reassured readers, “I’m still a parent and I don’t want to die.”
Gabriel Stauring of Darfur Fast for Life told L.A. Times Technology blogger David Sarno, "We want to convince her that if we have somebody else that is famous and that would draw attention, that she should stop."
But what famous person will do it? Angelina Jolie is making a movie and, if you believe the tabloids, there’s no telling if Brad will be around to help out. David Blaine called with advice before Mia’s fast and has proven he can go 44 days on nothing but water — while dangling in a Plexiglas case 30 feet in the air — but as a magician his sincerity would be in question, and how could he top the Plexiglas case? Miley Cyrus is underage and Lindsay Lohan is too easily distracted.
No, there is only one celebrity healthy enough, hot enough and beloved enough for the position.
Before Paris Hilton was released from jail in 2007, she called Barbara Walters collect and recanted her purposeless, partying ways, telling Barbara, “I used to act dumb … Now I want to make a difference … God has given me this new chance.”
I don’t seem to remember her taking God up on that chance. Nearly two years later, Mia Farrow’s frailty has given her another.
BIO Sondra Lowell
Sondra Lowell is the inventor of the Film Sleepy genre, movies that put the audience to sleep. Her first feature, "WebcamMurder.com," follows fictional yet unimaginative lifecasters who spend their time on webcams 24/7. Her second feature, Sublime Crime: A Subliminal Mystery, is the first entirely subliminal mystery in history.
HOLLYBLOGS
Sondra Lowell
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‘Spider-Man’ Director Jon Watts to Direct ‘The Fantastic Four’ for Marvel Studios
Studio Chief Kevin Feige made the epic announcement on Disney Investor Day
Umberto Gonzalez and Ross A. Lincoln | December 10, 2020 @ 5:05 PM Last Updated: December 10, 2020 @ 5:43 PM
The “Fantastic Four” are finally coming to the Marvel Cinematic Universe. “Spider-Man” director Jon Watts will direct “The Fantastic Four,” a movie featuring the classic superhero family, which is in the works for Phase 4 of the MCU.
Studio Chief Kevin Feige made the epic announcement on Thursday as part of Disney’s marathon Investor Day.
Jon Watts will direct the new feature film for Marvel's First Family, Fantastic Four! pic.twitter.com/Eu26ghxbGT
— Marvel Studios (@MarvelStudios) December 11, 2020
The addition of “Fantastic Four” to the MCU was a foregone conclusion after Disney’s purchase of 20th Century Fox — it was just a matter of when, not if, it would happen. But it’s a momentous occasion for Marvel Studios nonetheless, as the Marvel Comics universe was kicked off with the publication of “Fantastic Four” #1 back in 1961.
Also Read: X-Men, Fantastic Four Fans Rejoice at Prospect of Mega-Avengers Movies With Disney-Fox Merger
Created by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby, “Fantastic Four” is the comic that started it all for Marvel. Though the group’s concept is pure weirdness — science genius Reed Richards, his best friend Ben Grimm, his girlfriend Sue Storm and her reckless brother, Johnny are exposed to cosmic radiation and develop superpowers — the team was depicted as a dysfunctional but loving family unit. That idea helped launch what became known as “the Marvel revolution,” a shift in superhero comics that emphasized flawed protagonists expressing humanistic values who often had to resolve family, dating and even financial challenges while protecting the public from an increasingly packed roster of supervillains.
The “Fantastic Four” characters have appeared in four previous films: two 20th Century Fox movies directed by Tim Story, the 2015 flop directed by Josh Trank and an unreleased movie directed by Roger Corman that was made solely for Constantin Film to maintain film rights.
“Fantastic Four” was also the launching point for other major Marvel characters, including The Inhumans and Black Panther.
Marvel Finally Confirms Those ‘Hawkeye’ and ‘She-Hulk’ Casting Rumors
By Tim Baysinger | December 10, 2020 @ 5:10 PM
Marvel Studios Sets ‘Secret Invasion,’ ‘Ironheart,’ ‘Armor Wars’ TV Series at Disney+
By Tim Baysinger and Ross A. Lincoln | December 10, 2020 @ 5:01 PM
Disney+ Promises 10 New Marvel Series and 10 ‘Star Wars’ Series in Next Few Years
By Daniel Goldblatt | December 10, 2020 @ 2:24 PM
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PPROPAGANDA
SARA CARTER Voice Of America Promoted A Pro-Biden Muslim Political Campaign Ad, Then Removed It
Sara A. Carter , a national and international award-winning investigative reporter and Fox News contributor, broke the story on the Voice of America (VOA) enhancing and posting under the VOA logo a political campaign ad, “asking the Muslim community both in the United States and abroad to support Democratic Presidential candidate Joe Biden.“
In her report, Carter said that “BBG – USAGM Watch, a watchdog group which monitors the VOA, along with other U.S. government international broadcast stations, has investigated extensive concerns regarding employees working for VOA and continued problems with promoting anti-American or partisan political commentary and news.“
USAGM Watch learned independently that VOA managers were vague in providing information to new Trump-appointed officials in the U.S. Agency for Global Media (USAGM) about the political campaign video which when posted in full on VOA social media platforms without any additional context and balance violated the VOA Charter, U.S. government laws and internal VOA regulations. New USAGM CEO Michael Pack who was nominated by President Trump and started working only recently after a long-delayed confirmation by the U.S. Senate, had no choice but to rely for the time being on Voice of America managers who have been with the organization for many years. He can appoint a new VOA director, but the selection and vetting process takes time.
Some of the same longtime managers under whose lax watch the VOA Ukrainian Service posted a similar one-sided anti-Trump campaign video in 2016, in which Trump was called — “punk,” “dog,” “pig,” “con,” “bull**t artist,” “mutt,” “idiot,” “fool,” “bozo,” and “blatantly stupid” — are still in charge of VOA programs, but USAGM Watch confirmed that they were not aware of the VOA Urdu video being posted and would not have approved such a posting if they knew about it ahead of time.
Voice of America managers were reluctant to provide USAGM’s new executives with a satisfactory explanation as to how such a violation of journalistic standards could occur following other similar incidents in recent past. Michael Pack is now searching for a new permanent VOA director who could prevent such violations of the VOA Charter from continuing.
In her report on SaraACarter.com website, the reporter said that “VOA did not immediately respond to numerous emails for comment. “
According to the source, it appears that VOA employees “repackaged an ad” to post on the site in support of Biden.
Rep. Andy Biggs, R- Arizona and Chairman of the House Freedom Caucus, told this website Monday night that if this video was posted on VOA’s social media platform it should be investigated.
“It is outrageous that VOA, a taxpayer funded communications organization, used its platform to campaign for Biden,” Biggs said.
Posting the video by VOA appears to directly conflict with its charter and may be a considered a Hatch Act violation, said several officials familiar with the ad.
In her report, Carter pointed that that the ad enhanced and posted by the Voice of America “uses Biden’s promise to ‘end the Muslim ban on day one’ if he is elected to office. She added for clarification, “there is no Muslim ban in America.”
Biden’s comments from his video conference with Emgage Action is the bulk of the ad, which uses scare tactics on Muslim voters to effort their support for Biden. It is not certain, at this point in time, what group or person produced the video but the VOA posted it with their logo on their social media platforms, a U.S. government official confirmed.
Voice Of America Promoted A Pro-Biden Muslim Political Campaign Ad, Then Removed It – Sara A. Carter
Voice Of America promoted a political campaign video on July 21 for Democratic Presidential Candidate Joe Biden, in which he promises Muslim followers both in the United States and overseas that on his first day of office he will “end the Muslim ban on day one.”
In 2016 when VOA was managed by Obama administration appointees who remained with the agency until very recently and promoted many of VOA’s current managers, editors and journalists, the VOA Ukrainian Service enhanced partisan video presented by VOA on social media with the VOA logo, also appeared to condone physical violence against Trump.
How do you call Trump a pig in Ukrainian? Voice of America will tell you
BBG Watch Commentary How do you call Donald Trump a pig in Ukrainian? U.S. taxpayer-funded ($224 million in…
In 2014, the VOA Urdu Service produced another controversial video.
Voice of America Uncle Sam Zombie Video for Pakistan
BBG Watch Commentary BBG Watch has obtained a copy of a video produced with U.S. taxpayers’ money under…
Wall Street Journal Opinion: Voice of America is a Voice of Anti-Americanism
BBG Watch Commentary Wall Street Journal Editorial Page Writer Sohrab Ahmari was interviewed for a WSJ Opinion Journal video on programming lapses combined with a management meltdown at the U.S. ta…
This video features Joe Biden in a video by emgage. It highlights a prominent antisemite and two radical left wing congresswomen. It's featured on Voice of America which gets over $200 million in funding from Congress. Why is our government working to undermine Donald Trump? https://t.co/B12SLN4Dke
— Gabi Grossbard for Congress (MI-09) (@votegabi) July 27, 2020
Impact of Voice of America (VOA) on 2016 U.S. Elections Still Unprobed
In violation of its Congressional Charter, U.S. taxpayer-funded Voice of America (VOA) had posted several hit pieces on…
VOA Urdu
Former VOA Director Defends New USAGM Chief Against Critics
Will Voice of America Biden Video Change How Muslim Americans Vote?
Federal Judge Rules in Favor of USAGM CEO Michael Pack, Tells Fired Officials Decision Belongs “At the Ballot Box”
USAGM Watch Commentary Federal District Court Chief Judge Beryl A. Howell, appointed by President Barack Obama, ruled in…
USAGM CEO Michael Pack, His Critics, Analyses by Former and Current VOA Journalists
USAGM Watch Commentary Michael Pack, Trump-appointed and U.S. Senate confirmed CEO of the U.S. Agency for Global Media…
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White House counsel Don McGahn will leave Trump administration in the fall
Christal Hayes
WASHINGTON – White House counsel Don McGahn, who had extraordinary access to President Donald Trump during some of his most controversial dealings and decisions, will leave his post this fall, the president said Wednesday.
Trump announced McGahn's departure on Twitter hours after a report by Axios broke the news that the lawyer planned to leave.
Trump thanked McGahn for his service and confirmed his counsel would leave in the fall after the Senate hearings on Brett Kavanaugh, the president's pick for the Supreme Court.
"White House Counsel Don McGahn will be leaving his position in the fall, shortly after the confirmation (hopefully) of Judge Brett Kavanaugh to the United States Supreme Court," Trump tweeted. "I have worked with Don for a long time and truly appreciate his service!"
Later Wednesday at the White House, Trump said McGahn was a "good man" and may next work in the private sector. Asked about whether McGahn's departure was related to the recent news that he had cooperated heavily with special counsel Robert Mueller, Trump said no and added he wasn't concerned with what McGahn may have told investigators. Less than two weeks ago, McGahn's cooperation with investigators was publicized.
Mueller is leading the investigation into Russian interference in the 2016 election and is probing any possible obstruction of justice by the president. That has led to speculation that Trump was not pleased with McGahn's 30 hours of interviews with investigators.
"I knew he was going, also. I had to approve it," Trump said. "We do everything straight. We do everything by the book."
McGahn's legacy in the White House is a mixed bag of both helping protect the president's conservative agenda and preventing worsening scandals inside the administration. McGahn also worked as counsel to Trump's campaign.
"It might not have always been on the flashy things, but you can see his fingerprints on many policies," said Carl Tobias, a University of Richmond law professor.
He helped pad deregulations at the Environmental Protection Agency and had his hands in the legal debate of the president's so-called Muslim travel ban, Tobias said. His office helped the Interior Department with slashing the amount of federal land protected in national monuments, including the Bears Ears National Monument, and likely helped in the legal vetting of a proposal to significantly cut car emissions rules.
Republican leaders lauded his work on helping the administration reshape the judiciary, concluding with one final mission: guiding Kavanaugh to the Supreme Court.
"There's not been any White House counsel who has worked so well and so efficiently with the chairman’s office and the Senate Judiciary Committee on judges," said George Hartmann, a spokesman for Senate Judiciary Chairman Chuck Grassley, R-Iowa.
Grassley was perhaps more plaintive in his plea for McGahn to stay.
"@realDonaldTrump I hope it’s not true McGahn is leaving WhiteHouse Counsel," Grassley tweeted at the president. "U can’t let that happen."
Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell also said McGahn's departure was a "big loss" and seemed blindsided by Trump's announcement.
"If the reporting is true about Don McGahn’s time at the White House coming to an end later this year, it will be sad news for our country," McConnell said, after Trump himself tweeted it.
He added McGahn was the "most impressive White House Counsel during my time in Washington, and I’ve known them all."
But McGahn's legacy in the White House was also weighed down by the constant barrage of scandals, some of which McGahn tried to prevent.
"This position is such a high-power job and a difficult one in this administration in particular," Tobias said. "You're always in the hot seat."
McGahn reportedly threatened to quit last year when Trump proposed firing special counsel Mueller.
McGahn and others convinced the president that firing Mueller would be a bad idea and eventually Trump pledged to work with the special counsel's office. Officials also told USA TODAY at the time that Trump was well aware of the political fallout from a dismissal of the special counsel.
McGahn and other Trump administration officials also had unsuccessfully sought to persuade Attorney General Jeff Sessions to remain in control of the investigation into Russia's election interference, even as the attorney general faced mounting pressure to recuse himself, two officials familiar with the matter told USA TODAY in January.
More:Trump confirms that White House counsel interviewed with Mueller
More:White House lawyer Don McGahn: 5 things to know about his cooperation with Russia probe
More:President Trump: Special counsel Robert Mueller is just 'looking for trouble'
The news of McGahn's departure comes less than two weeks after his cooperation with Mueller was publicized. McGahn sat down with Mueller's team for interviews that spanned about 30 hours in total, a person familiar with McGahn’s contact with the special counsel’s office told USA TODAY.
Trump railed against the news media after the scope of McGahn's interviews with federal prosecutors was published. Trump said he wanted McGahn to cooperate with Mueller's team in hopes that the transparency would quicken the pace of the investigation, which has dogged his presidency since it began.
The New York Times reported McGahn took Mueller's team through Trump's comments and actions in some of the most controversial topics that have surrounded the White House.
McGahn reportedly told investigators what he knew about the president's role in the firing of former FBI director James Comey. He also discussed Trump's repeated criticism of Attorney General Jeff Sessions for recusing himself from the Russia probe.
Additionally, McGahn talked about his role with the Russia investigation before the president hired outside counsel to deal with the matter, the Times reported.
McGahn reportedly felt the president's willingness for him to cooperate with Mueller could be a trick. He feared the president and his team of lawyers might be setting him up to take the blame for any possible criminal charges that arise.
This was the partially the case during Richard Nixon's presidency. Former White House Counsel John Dean ended up cooperating with investigators, becoming a star witness after fearing Nixon was setting him up to be a scapegoat in the Watergate scandal.
McGahn's lawyer did not immediately return a request for comment. In announcing the departure, Trump did not name McGahn's successor or offer a reasoning for McGahn leaving.
Axios reported McGahn wants Emmet Flood to replace him. Flood represented former President Bill Clinton during his impeachment and was hired by the Trump White House to deal with the Russia investigation. Flood also worked for former President George W. Bush.
Contributing: Kevin Johnson, John Fritze and Erin Kelly
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Should you need help finding all-girl schools, therapeutic boarding schools, therapeutic boarding schools or troubled teen schools, please let us know. As the parent of a troubled teen, you’re faced with even greater challenges. This is especially true if your teen is abusing drugs or alcohol. A troubled teen faces behavioral, emotional, or learning problems beyond the normal teenage issues. While any negative behavior repeated over and over can be a sign of underlying trouble, it’s important for parents to understand which behaviors are normal during adolescent development, and which can point to more serious problems. Teenagers want to feel independent – that’s normal. But that doesn’t include acting out in dangerous ways (danger to them, you or others). If your teenager is creating self-destructive situations, you can’t afford not to intervene. Teenagers don’t make severe switches in personality just out of the blue. If they’re making drastic behavioral changes, there’s a reason. It’s a cause-and-effect situation. As a parent, it’s your responsibility to identify what’s behind the change. It may be a recent event, or it may be something deep-rooted. Negative events that happened in earlier years will shape a child’s personality. By the time they become teenagers, they’ve been living with the resulting pain for most of their lives. Teenagers will act on these feelings with more lasting — and harmful — consequences. So, listen to him or her and resist the urge to judge or advise; sometimes just being heard helps. Even though they’re often reluctant to admit it, they seek approval, love, and a “soft place to fall” in their parents. If they don’t feel valued, loved and understood at home, they’ll turn elsewhere to get the acceptance they so deeply need. Your responsibility is to ensure the well-being and safety of your child. Intervening in a dangerous situation (like ones involving drugs, abuse or truancy) might make your child dislike you temporarily, but it will also save his or her life. Don’t “go along just to get along;” do what’s best for your child.
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