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__label__wiki	0.527694	0.527694	Orwellian Times 2020, Covid-19 Chronicles Nick Stevenson Recently I have been writing a historical article about George Orwell. While doing so I have come across a lot of material about how the world he envisaged hasn’t arrived, and that his predictions were misplaced. It is also widely presumed that the dystopian present is more like the narcotised society of Huxley than the big state of Orwell – that control emerges more through seduction than through ideological manipulation and top down control. I have never been convinced of this view. So when it came to describing neoliberalism as the world of consumer freedoms and slimmed down state this seemed seriously mistaken. In fact, as many sociologists have pointed out, neoliberalism is more commonly reliant upon the big state than many presume. This can be seen in the intense regulation of borders, lives of the poor and of course the prison building programme to contain those who do not fit into the consumerist dream. Indeed, the media manipulation evident in making the case for the war in Iraq, the legitimating of the use of torture and New Labour’s use of ASBOs began to dent this picture. After the market crash of 2008, the everyday cruelty of the state has become more apparent in terms of detention centres for migrants, far reaching welfare benefit cuts and schools who were seemingly willing to shrug off their responsibilities to the most vulnerable in pursuit of good exam results. This has all happened without most of the population giving up on the image of the British as being fair-minded, tolerant and offering people a safety net through the hard times. But still this was a world seemingly far removed from the one feared by Orwell at the mid-point of the twentieth century. We still had freedom of thought, expression and assembly despite the dominance of the millionaire press and the state broadcaster being overly geared to the views of celebrities, politicians and the wealthy. However, over the past few weeks, this picture has begun to shift. If Orwell was always more significant than many people seemed prepared to admit, this is now more obvious than ever. Here we need to remember that ‘Nineteen Eighty-Four’ was always intended to be a warning and not read as a set of predictions. Orwell, at the end of his life and dying from tuberculosis, had seen up close the cruel indifference of the state during the hungry 1930s and its capacity for war, destruction and manipulation during the Spanish civil war and the Second World War. This was a period that cared little for the conscience of the individual, which was largely seen as expendable by violent and authoritarian states. If there was hope then it lay with ‘the proles’, whose ordinary humanity Orwell felt had not been corrupted by the lust for state power. However, Orwell saw many of his fellow intellectuals as willing to self-police in order to serve an ideology like state communism or free-market capitalism. Just at the point when they were needed to raise critical questions and pose ideas of justice, Orwell’s contemporaries had become victims of the dominant ideologies of the time. For Orwell, hope lay not so much in political elites but in the capacity of ordinary people to face the truth and struggle for a better world. He of course recognised that they may also become corrupted, but there was more hope to be found in ordinary feelings of love and fraternity than the power politics that dominated the Europe of the 1930s and 1940s. Orwell’s socialism was a matter of patriotism, equality, intellectual freedom and the ordinary decency of the working-class population so despised by members of the elite. Since the arrival of Covid-19 and the mass shut down of British society it is now hard to think of someone more in tune with our times. Each day I take a walk and usually bump into someone I know. I have noticed mostly what people have wanted to say to me is, ‘let’s hope something positive comes out of all this!’. This is all being fanned by a lot of well-intentioned articles in the liberal press on how the world may have changed for the better once the crisis is over. Indeed, the news media is full of stories of everyday hospitality and self-help as ordinary people seek to make it through the lock down. This is in sharp contrast to other stories of a mounting crisis and of a sense of doom as the death toll mounts daily and the numbers of people who have become seriously ill begins to rise. It is not surprising that most people wish to be cheerful at a time like this, evoking a wartime spirit of people clubbing together for the common good. This would all have been recognisable by Orwell. The everyday kindness of ordinary people and their capacity to show strength, courage and humanity in a crisis is something much of his writing testifies. Whether Orwell was tramping the streets, fighting in Spain or pondering war-time Britain he continually reminds us that most people are basically decent. Different rules apply, however, to the powerful state. One of the most troubling aspects of this crisis is the way the government is not being held to account. The Labour Party and the Trade Union Council seem to have accepted that we are in a national crisis and this is not the time to be too critical. Under ‘wartime’ conditions it is a time instead for us all pull together, stay cheerful and try and help each other. After all, the daily briefing from the British state and the scientific experts offer us the basic information we need to stay safe. Yet the suspension of democracy and criticism is deeply dangerous. We already know about how the government has changed its strategy on ‘herd immunity’, failed to respond to the crisis quickly enough and has not provided adequate protection for NHS staff. If we add to this, the workers employed in less than safe conditions unable to adequately socially distance we might become even more concerned. Finally, the focus on the ‘heroic’ efforts of the working-class population barely conceals a system that disallows a genuinely living wage. Indeed, if the working-class at some point in the future decide to join together to press for improvements in their material conditions they will soon revert back to being the villains of the piece. Nor does it acknowledge the numbers of people whose lives could have been made better through the introduction of a basic income. Of course, Orwell the pragmatic socialist would have quickly recognised why this road was not taken. Imagine if this measure had been introduced and been experienced by the mass population as genuinely popular. This would then have been much more difficult to remove in the future. Much easier to bail out companies and offer some help to stave off public disorder. The silencing of criticism, dire warnings and feel good stories are all tried and tested strategies used to manipulate the public. Indeed, the idea we are ‘at war’ with a virus generates a level of fear and panic in the population making them much easier to control. Of course, the law has not been suspended, but there are now lots of stories about the police ‘over-reaching’ and interfering in daily life more generally We might also caution that democratic meetings that could have taken place in public spaces can now only occur over the net. But here, of course, post-Edward Snowden, we all know about the state’s ability to keep its citizens under surveillance. Orwell would have warned us about the world we could be entering into if we are not careful. Where criticism of the state is seen as unpatriotic and letting the side down, and people who are seen to be behaving less than ‘heroically’ are routinely denounced as selfish and greedy. I noticed how many people online were angry about the so called hoarding of food and essential supplies. Friends got in touch worried about the food supplies running low and the stress of trying to find the basics. Again Orwell’s common touch was required as perhaps this was a perfectly understandable response by people buying food they might need as they struggle to look after loved ones, and that reassurances by the state of a plentiful supply might not turn out to be true. The storm created around so called ‘panic buying’ is a useful strategy encouraging people to blame each other rather than those in authority for mishandling the crisis. It is not that Orwell would have refused the sensible advice coming from the state, but would have cautioned about where this all might lead. That during a temporary suspension of our liberties we become more used to being directed by the state and its capacity for cruelty. Notable over the past few weeks is that the citizenry (by and large) accept being told what do and to think. Orwell would have reminded us that it is precisely during a national crisis that we need defend our freedom to criticise and hold authority to account. There is never a good time to shut down disagreement and deeper forms of scepticism. If anything, we need it more now than ever. So far, some of the overly optimistic rhetoric being generated by certain sections of the liberal press might suggest that we had better wake up quickly before it is too late. Nick Stevenson is Reader in Sociology at the University of Nottingham. Image: George Orwell Mural, Southwold Pier. Ian Taylor	cc/2022-05/en_head_0000.json.gz/line247
__label__cc	0.710419	0.289581	Show more Introduction Graduate Catalog 2018-2019 Official Publication of Augsburg University 2211 Riverside Avenue, Minneapolis, MN 55454 The Augsburg University Graduate Catalog contains information about academic program requirements and academic and student policies and procedures for Fall Semester 2018 - Summer Semester 2019. It is subject to change without notice. The catalog is intended to complement other University publications including the Student Guide and University website. It is important for students to be familiar with all University policies and procedures. Students are strongly encouraged to consult their advisor(s) at least once each semester to be certain they are properly completing degree requirements. Published 2018 Phone: 612-330-1000 www.augsburg.edu 1 A Greeting from the President I am pleased to know of your interest in Augsburg University’s exciting and innovative graduate programs. You are part of a select and discerning group of professionals who seek to find a graduate program that combines an excellent curriculum, a values-based approach to work, a talented and experienced faculty, and program formats that meet the needs of busy and successful people. Augsburg University’s graduate-level programs in Business Administration, Creative Writing, Education, Leadership, Nursing, Physician Assistant Studies, and Social Work are distinguished by the opportunities they provide students to expand decision-making and strategic skills. Augsburg University is characterized by a strong mission: Augsburg University educates students to be informed citizens, thoughtful stewards, critical thinkers, and responsible leaders. The Augsburg experience is supported by an engaged community that is committed to intentional diversity in its life and work. An Augsburg education is defined by excellence in the liberal arts and professional studies, guided by the faith and values of the Lutheran church, and shaped by its urban and global settings. For our graduate programs, this mission helps to shape an innovative educational experience that features an expansive perspective on social responsibility, economic realities, business initiative, and environmental sustainability. At Augsburg University we believe that our distinctive educational purpose is to help you find your calling, at work and in the world. Augsburg graduate programs are designed to offer you quality educational experiences, personal attention, and opportunities to expand your personal and professional talents and skills. We are confident that our graduates are prepared for leadership in our ever-changing global society, the hallmark of an Augsburg degree. Sincerely, Paul C. Pribbenow, Ph.D. President 2 Welcome from the Provost and Chief Academic Officer Welcome to graduate study at Augsburg University! Augsburg has a long history of preparing our graduates for leadership in their communities and places of work. Across our graduate programs, students bring perspectives informed by prior study and experience; acquire specialized knowledge in a discipline or field; engage in collaborative learning; develop advanced capacities; encounter diverse perspectives and ideas; test theory through real-world experiences; and equip themselves for the next stage in their vocational journeys. When you join the Augsburg community, you become part of the Augsburg story—a story of academic achievement, experiential learning deepened by reflection, commitment to equity and intentional diversity, and dedication to lifelong learning. We are an institution committed to place, and our locations—whether in the Twin Cities, Rochester, or beyond—offer opportunities to apply what you learn in the classroom to the neighborhood, the local community, and in various urban and rural locations. Inspired by the faith of our Lutheran founders to be inclusive to the early immigrants who came to Augsburg’s doors, we are a community of diverse cultures and faiths. Indeed, the diversity of our community helps ensure that our graduates are uniquely prepared to meet the challenges and opportunities of the 21st century. Our commitment to interdisciplinary thinking is embodied in our newest academic building on the Minneapolis campus--the Hagfors Center for Science, Business, and Religion. We ground learning in the best of the liberal arts tradition, ensuring that our students are prepared not only for their first job but for mid- and late-career success. While connected through these common commitments, each graduate program has its own distinctive identity and curriculum. Your program offers a disciplinary home from which you will join a community of faculty, staff, and fellow students who will collectively extend your network of connections with prospective employers and expand your career opportunities in the future. We’re delighted that you’ll be joining us. Sincerely, Karen Kaivola Provost and Chief Academic Officer 3 About Augsburg At Augsburg University, we believe that graduate education should prepare gifted people for positions of leadership in their communities and places of work. Augsburg graduates will be able to demonstrate not only the mastery of a major field of study, but also the ability to apply critical thinking, problem solving, and advanced communication skills in a collaborative approach within that discipline, thereby engaging others with diverse perspectives in the work of advancing civic and global initiatives critical for a sustainable future. The heart of an Augsburg education is the Augsburg mission, informed by the liberal and professional arts and sciences, to serve our neighbors in the heart of the city and out into the world with faith-based, ethical values. We welcome students from a diversity of backgrounds and experiences. Also, our programs look to the world through international courses and cultural exchanges. Mission Statement Students who graduate from Augsburg are well prepared to make a difference in the world. They stand as testaments to the University motto, “Education for Service,” and mission: Augsburg University educates students to be informed citizens, thoughtful stewards, critical thinkers, and responsible leaders. The Augsburg experience is supported by an engaged community that is committed to intentional diversity in its life and work. An Augsburg education is defined by excellence in the liberal arts and professional studies, guided by the faith and values of the Lutheran Church, and shaped by its urban and global settings. Augsburg Today Augsburg was the first seminary founded by Norwegian Lutherans in America, named after the confession of faith presented by Lutherans in Augsburg, Germany, in 1530. Augsburg opened in September 1869, in Marshall, Wisconsin, and moved to Minneapolis, Minnesota in 1872. A Rochester, Minnesota campus was added in 2002. A short history of Augsburg University can be found at www.augsburg.edu/about/history. Today, Augsburg continues to reflect the commitment and dedication of its founders who believed:    Education should have a solid liberal arts core at the graduate level; this focus centers on the ability to think critically and broadly about the world and the work we do in it. An Augsburg education should be preparation for service in community and centers of faith. The city—with all its excitement, challenges, and diversity—is an unequaled learning environment. The vision of the University’s work today is lived out in the phrase, “We believe we are called to serve our neighbor.” Through common commitments to living faith, active citizenship, meaningful work, and global perspective, Augsburg prepares its students to become effective, ethical citizens in a complex global society. Degrees Offered Augsburg offers the following graduate degrees:          Master of Arts in Education* Master of Arts in Leadership Master of Arts in Nursing* Master of Business Administration* Master of Fine Arts in Creative Writing Master of Music Therapy Master of Science in Physician Assistant Studies Master of Social Work Doctor of Nursing Practice* (with tracks in Transcultural Nursing and Family Nurse Practitioner) 4 Augsburg offers the following dual degrees:    Bachelor of Arts in Accounting/Master of Arts in Leadership Master of Arts in Leadership/Master of Business Administration Master of Social Work/Master of Business Administration Programs offered at both of Augsburg’s campuses (Minneapolis and Rochester, MN) A Community of Learners Essential to the goals of Augsburg’s graduate programs is participation in a community of adult learners. This community is enriched by the presence of men and women with a variety of work and life experiences. To facilitate this kind of community interaction, Augsburg encourages students to make use of all University facilities, whether a student in Minneapolis or Rochester, and to participate in University activities such as music and dramatic presentations and lecture/speaker events. Graduate Faculty The heart of any educational institution is its faculty, and Augsburg University is particularly proud of the excellence and commitment of its professors. Most faculty hold the doctorate or other terminal degree, and all consider teaching and service to be the focus of their activity at the University. Faculty are involved in social, professional, and a variety of research activities, but these support and are secondary to their teaching. Faculty are actively involved in a dynamic faculty development program that introduces them to best practices in teaching and learning techniques and theories. Augsburg’s small classes encourage its tradition of close involvement between professors and students. Faculty act as academic advisors and participate regularly in campus activities. 5 Locations Minneapolis Campus Augsburg University is located in the heart of the Twin Cities of Minneapolis and St. Paul, Minnesota. The campus is bordered by Riverside Avenue and Interstate 94, near the University of Minnesota-Twin Cities West Bank campus and the University of Minnesota Medical Center. Downtown Minneapolis is just minutes away, providing access to internships and careers with some of the country’s leading companies, as well as entertainment, arts, sports venues, shopping, dining, and transportation. The campus is blocks from the METRO Green and Blue light rail lines, which provide easy access to destinations in Minneapolis and St. Paul, as well as the Minneapolis International Airport. Rochester Learning Site Augsburg’s learning site in Rochester, Minnesota, was established in 1998 as a natural extension of the University’s mission and its expertise in teaching working adults. Graduate degrees and undergraduate majors including business, education, and nursing, are offered in Rochester. Graduate programs in Rochester include the Master of Business Administration, Master of Arts in Nursing, Master of Arts in Education, and Doctor of Nursing Practice. The Rochester classrooms and offices are located at Bethel Lutheran Church (ELCA), just a few blocks south of downtown Rochester. Home to approximately 110,000 residents, Rochester is a city that enjoys a rich ethnic diversity and superior technological resources. Bethel Lutheran Church is located at 810 3rd Ave SE, Rochester MN 55904. Augsburg classes in Rochester meet on a semester schedule with classes taking place on alternating weekday evenings and on occasional Saturdays, making them accessible to working adults. Students may also take courses within their program on the Minneapolis campus. Students at the Rochester site are Augsburg University students. They are supported through an array of e-learning resources ranging from access to Lindell Library databases to the use of online course management software. Information about the Rochester learning site is available at augsburg.edu/rochester or by calling the Rochester office at 507-288-2886. Program includes some Minneapolis courses. Physician Assistant Program Site The Augsburg University PA Program teaches on the Luther Seminary campus, located at 2481 Como Avenue, St. Paul MN 55108. Abroad Locations Augsburg is enhanced by its global centers in Namibia, Mexico, and Central America. Students can perform research, take courses, or consult with faculty in those locations to gain new perspectives on their disciplines. 6 Minneapolis Campus Facilities Instruction facilities and student housing at Augsburg’s main campus are conveniently located near each other. A tunnel/ramp/skyway system connects the two tower residence halls, the five buildings on the Quadrangle, plus the Music Hall, Lindell Library, Oren Gateway Center, and the Foss, Lobeck, Miles Center for Worship, Drama, and Communication. Admissions Office—The Office of Admissions is located on the lower level of Christensen Center. Anderson Hall (1993)—Named in honor of Oscar Anderson, President of Augsburg from 1963 to 1980, and this residence hall is located at 2016 8th Street. Anderson Hall contains four types of living units and houses 192 students, as well as the Center for Wellness and Counseling, the Sabo Center for Democracy and Citizenship, and the Office of Marketing and Communication. Center for Wellness and Counseling—The Center for Wellness and Counseling, located in Anderson Hall, offers programs and services that enhance student learning by promoting personal development and well-being. Christensen Center (1967)—The University Center includes the Admissions Office, a student lounge, the Strommen Center for Meaningful Work, the Commons dining facility and Einstein Bros. Bagels, two art galleries, the copy center and mailroom, Events and Conference Planning, the Center for Global Education and Experience, International Student and Scholar Services, Latin@ Student Services, American Indian Student Services, Pan-Afrikan Student Services, PanAsian Student Services, Campus Activities and Orientation, LGBTQIA Student Services, and the Auggie’s Nest, a meeting place for student organizations. Edor Nelson Field—The athletic field, located at 725 23rd Avenue, is the playing and practice field of many of the Augsburg teams. An air-supported dome covers the field during winter months, allowing year-round use. Foss, Lobeck, Miles Center for Worship, Drama, and Communication (1988)—The Foss Center is named in recognition of the Julian and June Foss family. The Tjornhom-Nelson Theater, Hoversten Chapel, and the Arnold Atrium are also housed in this complex, which provides space for Campus Ministry, the Christensen Center for Vocation (CCV), the departments of Theater and Communication Studies, Film, and New Media, classrooms, and administrative offices (Facilities Management and the Enterprise Information Systems and Systems and Networking teams in IT). Hagfors Center (2018) Ice Arena (1974)—Two skating areas provide practice space for hockey and figure skating, and recreational skating for Augsburg and the metropolitan community. Kennedy Center (2007)—Completed in 2007 as a three-story addition to Melby Hall and named for Dean (’75) and Terry Kennedy, it features a state-of-the-art wrestling training center, fitness center, classrooms for health and physical education, and hospitality facilities. The James G. Lindell Family Library (1997)—This library and information technology center houses all library functions and is located on the corner of 22nd Avenue and 7th Street. It houses the TechDesk and User Support team in IT and the Gage Center for Student Success: the Deidre Middleton Office of Academic Advising, the Academic Skills Office, the Center for Learning and Adaptive Student Services (CLASS), and TRIO/Student Support Services. Luther Hall (1999)—Named for theologian Martin Luther, Luther Hall is a three-story apartment complex along 20th Avenue, between 7th and 8th Streets that houses juniors and seniors in units from efficiencies to two-bedroom suites. Melby Hall (1961)—Named in honor of J. S. Melby (dean of men from 1920 to 1942, basketball coach, and head of the Christianity Department). It provides facilities for the health and physical education program, intercollegiate and intramural athletics, the Hoyt Messerer Fitness Center, and general auditorium purposes. The Ernie Anderson Center Court was dedicated in 2001. Mortensen Hall (1973)—Named in honor of Gerda Mortensen (dean of women from 1923 to 1964), it has 104 one- and two-bedroom apartments that house 312 upper-class students, the Department of Public Safety and a lounge area. Charles S. Anderson Music Hall (1978)—Contains Sateren Auditorium, a 217-seat recital hall, classroom facilities, two rehearsal halls, music libraries, practice studios, and offices for the Music department faculty. 7 Old Main (1900)—Home for the Department of Art and the Department of Languages and Cross-Cultural Studies, with classrooms used by other departments. Extensively remodeled in 1980, Old Main combines energy efficiency with architectural details from the past. It is included on the National Register of Historic Places. Oren Gateway Center (2007)—Named for lead donors and alumni Don and Beverly Oren, it is home for the StepUP program, Institutional Advancement offices, the Alumni and Parent and Family Relations Offices, the Master of Business Administration Program, the Master of Arts in Leadership program, the Master of Fine Arts in Creative Writing program, and substance-free student housing. It also houses the Barnes & Noble Augsburg Bookstore, Nabo Café, Gage Family Art Gallery, and the Johnson Conference Center. Science Hall (1949)—Houses classrooms, laboratories, and a medium-sized auditorium; the departments of Nursing, Physics, Mathematics & Statistics, Biology, and Chemistry; the Undergraduate Research and Graduate Opportunity (URGO) Office, McNair Scholars, and Administrative Accounting. Sverdrup Hall (1955)—Named in honor of Augsburg’s fourth president, it contains the Enrollment Center (Registrar’s Office and Student Financial Services), the Women’s Resource Center, the Honors Desk, classrooms and computer labs, and the departments of Education and Computer Science. Sverdrup-Oftedal Memorial Hall (1938)—Built as a residence hall and named in honor of Augsburg’s second and third presidents, it contains the President’s Office, Human Resources, the Nobel Peace Prize Forum (aka “Norway Hub”), the Academic Affairs Office, Student Affairs Offices, and faculty offices for Political Science, History, Philosophy, American Indian Studies, English, Religion, Psychology, Economics, Business, and Sociology. Urness Hall (1967)—Named in honor of Mr. and Mrs. Andrew Urness, this tower provides living quarters for 324 firstyear students. Each floor is a “floor unit,” providing 36 residents, housed two to a room, with their own lounge, study, and utility areas. 8 Accreditation, Approvals, and Memberships Augsburg University is accredited by:      The Higher Learning Commission (HLC) Accreditation Review Commission on Education for the Physician Assistant (ARC-PA) Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education (CCNE) (Bachelor, Master and Doctoral level degrees) Council on Social Work Education (CSWE) (Bachelor, and Master level degrees) American Music Therapy Association (AMTA) (Bachelor, and Master level degrees) Augsburg’s programs are approved or monitored by:      American Chemical Society (ACS) Minnesota Board of Teaching Minnesota Board of Nursing Minnesota Office of Higher Education (MOHE) National Association of Schools of Music (NASM) Augsburg University is an institutional member of:                     American Association of Colleges and Universities (AACU) American Association of Colleges of Teacher Education (AACTE) American Association of Higher Education (AAHE) American Music Therapy Association, Inc. (AMTA) Association of International Education Administrators (AIEA) Campus Compact Council of Independent Colleges (CIC) Council on International Educational Exchange (CIEE) Diversity Abroad Network The Forum on Education Abroad Institute of International Education (IIE) Lutheran Education Council in North America (LECNA) National Association of International Educators (NAFSA) National Association of Schools of Music (NASM) National Society for Experiential Education (NSEE) Physician Assistant Education Association Associated Colleges of the Twin Cities (ACTC) Higher Education Consortium for Urban Affairs (HECUA) Minnesota Private College Council MPCC) Twin Cities Adult Education Alliance (TCAEA) Augsburg University is registered with the Minnesota Office of Higher Education pursuant to sections 136A.61 to 136A.71. Registration is not an endorsement of the institution. Credits earned at the institution may not transfer to all other institutions. Minnesota Office of Higher Education, 1450 Energy Park Dr., Suite 350, St. Paul, MN 55108, www.ohe.state.mn.us; 651-642-0533. 9 Policies Non-Discrimination Policy Augsburg University, as affirmed in its mission, prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, creed, color, religion, gender, age, national or ethnic origin, disability, military service, protected veteran status, genetic information, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, transgender status, marital status, familial status, genetic information, status with regard to public assistance, citizenship in its educational policies, admissions policies, employment, scholarship and loan programs, participation in athletic and/or school administered programs, and any other characteristic protected by federal state or local law, except in those instances where there is a bona fide occupational qualification. (Approved by Board of Regents in April 2017). Title IX Title IX refers to Title IX of the Educational Amendments of 1972, and it prohibits discrimination on the basis of gender by institutions receiving federal money. Generally, the Title IX Coordinator is responsible for the development, implementation, and monitoring of meaningful efforts to comply with Title IX law. This includes overseeing the Title IX complaint process as well as identifying and addressing any patterns or systemic problems that arise. For further information, please contact the University’s Title IX Officer: Ann Garvey\| Vice President of Student Affairs\| Student Affairs Memorial Hall, Room 118G\| 612-330-1168\| garvey@augsburg.edu Additionally, the University has four Deputy Officers: Deputy Officer for Students: Sarah Griesse\| Dean of Students Memorial Hall, Room 118F\| 612-330-1489\| griesse@augsburg.edu Deputy Officer for Employees: Lisa Stock\| Director and Chief Human Resources Officer Memorial Hall, Room 19\| 612-330-1783\| stock@augsburg.edu Deputy Officer for Athletics: Kelly Anderson Diercks\| Associate Athletic Director Si Melby Hall, Room 205E\| 612-330-1245\| diercks@augsburg.edu Deputy Officer: Leif Anderson\| Vice President and Chief Strategy Officer Memorial Hall, Room 124D\| 612-330-1497\| andersol@augsburg.edu The Deputies work with the Title IX Coordinator to identify any patterns or systemic problems that arise and may assist as investigators of complaints. Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA), as amended, provides certain rights to students regarding their education records. Each year Augsburg University is required to give notice of the various rights accorded to students pursuant to FERPA. In accordance with FERPA, you are notified of the following: Right to inspect and review education records 10 You have the right to review and inspect substantially all of your education records maintained by or at Augsburg University. The student must request to review their education records in writing with their signature. The University will respond in a reasonable time, but no later than 45 days after receiving the request. Right to request amendment of education records You have the right to seek to have corrected any parts of an education record that you believe to be inaccurate, misleading, or otherwise in violation of your right to privacy. This includes the right to a hearing to present evidence that the record should be changed if Augsburg decides not to alter your education records according to your request. Right to give permission for disclosure of personally identifiable information You have the right to be asked and to give Augsburg your permission to disclose personally identifiable information contained in your education records, except to the extent that FERPA and the regulations regarding FERPA authorize disclosure without your permission. One such exception which permits disclosure without consent is for disclosure to school officials who have legitimate education interests. A school official is a person employed by the University in an administrative, supervisory, academic or research, or support staff position (including law enforcement unit personnel and health staff); person or company with whom the University has contracted (such as an attorney, auditor, or collection agent); a person serving on the board of regents, or a student serving on an official committee, such as a disciplinary or grievance committee, or assisting another school official performing his or her tasks. A school official has a legitimate educational interest if the official needs to review an education record in order to fulfill his or her professional responsibility. Right to withhold disclosure of “directory information” FERPA uses the term “Directory Information” to refer to those categories of personally identifiable information that may be released for any purpose at the discretion of Augsburg University without notification of the request or disclosure to the student. Under FERPA you have the right to withhold the disclosure of the directory information listed below. Please consider very carefully the consequences of any decision by you to withhold directory information. Should you decide to inform Augsburg University not to release Directory Information, any future request for such information from persons or organizations outside of Augsburg University will be refused. “Directory information” includes the following:               The student’s name The student’s address The student’s telephone number The student’s e-mail address The student’s date and place of birth The student’s major and minor field of study The student’s academic class level The student’s enrollment status (FT/HT/LHT) The student’s participation in officially-recognized activities and sports The student’s degrees and awards received (including dates) The weight and height of members of athletic teams The student’s dates of attendance Previous educational agencies or institutions attended by the student The student’s photograph Augsburg University will honor your request to withhold all Directory Information but cannot assume responsibility to contact you for subsequent permission to release it. Augsburg assumes no liability for honoring your instructions that such information be withheld. The Registrar’s Office must be notified in writing of your intent to withhold your Directory Information. Right to complain to FERPA Office 11 You have the right to file a complaint with the Family Policy Compliance Office, US Department of Education, 400 Maryland Ave. SW, Washington, DC, 20202, concerning Augsburg’s failure to comply with FERPA. Reporting Educational Information Letters of reference must be requested in writing and explicitly indicate what information may be reported in the letter. Annual Security Report The Annual Security Report (ASR) for Augsburg University contains statistics on reported crimes on and near Augsburg property and campus, as well as institutional policies concerning campus security and crime. The Department of Public Safety prepares this annual Crime Report to comply with the Jeanne Clery Disclosure of Campus Security Policy and Crime Statistics Act. The report is available online at www.augsburg.edu/dps/reports. For a printed copy, contact Augsburg’s Department of Public Safety at 612-330-1717. Copyright Policy Augsburg University Graduate Programs follows the norms of the US Copyright Law in granting exclusive rights under the Copyright Act to faculty and student authors to reproduce their original works, to use them as the basis for derivative. Student Rights The University has adopted a statement of student rights and responsibilities and has provided for due process in the matter of disciplinary action, grievances, and grade appeal, as outlined in the Augsburg Student Guide, at inside.augsburg.edu/studentaffairs/studentguide. Official Notices A University-provided e-mail account shall be an official means of communication with students, faculty, and staff of Augsburg University. Students, faculty, and staff are responsible for all information sent to them via the Universityprovided e-mail account. Students should regularly check their e-mail account. If a student, faculty or staff member chooses to forward their Augsburg e-mail, they are responsible for all information and attachments sent to the forwarded e-mail account. Students will also receive official notices via the A-Mail online publication and should routinely review the A-Mail. 12 Admission All graduate programs require students to have a bachelor’s degree from a regionally-accredited four-year institution or an equivalent degree from outside the US. All graduate students must submit completed applications. Each graduate program also has additional program requirements, which may include coursework, professional experience, testing, etc. See the program sections for these additional requirements. Please refer to each individual program’s catalog section (below) for additional instructions and for detailed information on applying to graduate programs, refer to the Graduate Admissions website at www.augsburg.edu/grad. Readmission Graduate students who have not registered for courses at Augsburg University for two or more semesters, must apply for readmission through the Registrar’s Office to resume attendance. Students who have attended other institutions during their absence from Augsburg must have an official transcript sent from each institution to the Registrar’s Office. Returning students do not pay the application fee. The last day to receive approval for readmission to the University and register for classes is the Friday prior to the start of the term. Pending approval by the graduate program, students who left on probation or who were dismissed from the University must have their readmission application and file reviewed by the program director. (Please consult with individual programs for information regarding readmission process). Non-degree Students Individuals may take coursework at Augsburg University as a non-degree-seeking student. Non-degree students can enroll on a space-available basis. Registration dates are included in the University’s Academic Calendar. Admission requires program director approval, and the student must be in good standing at all previously attended institutions. To apply for admission as a non-degree seeking student, submit the completed application, academic intent, and unofficial transcript from the bachelor’s degree granting institution to the Admissions Office. Some programs may have additional application requirements. A bachelor’s degree from a regionally accredited institution is the minimum requirement for admission. Students who have earned a bachelor’s degree outside of the United States must submit a copy of a foreign credential evaluation from World Education Services (WES) or a member of the National Association of Credential Evaluators (NACES) to confirm it is equivalent to a United States bachelor’s degree or greater. Non-degree status is conferred for only one term of enrollment. Additional terms require reapplication as a non-degree seeking student. Students may count up to 6-8 semester credits earned as a non-degree seeking student toward an Augsburg University degree with approval from the program director. Non-degree seeking students who wish to pursue a degree must reapply for admission by submitting the completed application, academic intent, official transcript from the bachelor’s degree granting institution, and any additional materials required by the program. International Students Augsburg University graduate programs encourage qualified applicants from other countries to apply. An F-1 student is a nonimmigrant who is pursuing a “full course of study” to achieve a specific educational or professional objective at an academic institution in the United States that has been designated by the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) to offer courses of study to such students, and has been enrolled in SEVIS (Student and Exchange Visitor Information System). 13 A student acquires F-1 status using form I-20, issued by a DHS-approved school through SEVIS. Status is acquired in one of two ways:   If the student is abroad, by entering the United States with the I-20 and an F-1 visa obtained at a US consulate. If the student is already in the United States and not currently in F-1 status, by sending the I-20 to USCIS (United States Citizenship and Immigration Services) with an application for change of nonimmigrant status. A student who is maintaining valid F-1 status may transfer from another DHS-approved school to Augsburg by following the transfer procedures set forth in the F-1 regulations. In addition to fulfilling all general admission requirements for a particular graduate program, prospective F-1 students must also comply with the following: English Proficiency Requirements for International Graduate Applicants To meet Augsburg University admission requirements, you must provide evidence of a sufficient command of both written and spoken English to study college courses conducted entirely in English. Below is a list of the tests and programs Augsburg University accepts as evidence for English proficiency.           TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign Language) www.toefl.org Score report of 80 on the Internet-based TOEFL (iBT) with a sub-score of 20 on the written and 20 on the speaking sections. (The Augsburg University TOEFL code is 6014.) IELTS (International English Language Testing System) www.ielts.org Score report of 6.5. MELAB (Michigan English Language Assessment Battery) www.cambridgemichigan.org/melab Score report of 80, and score report must be accompanied by an official letter from the testing coordinator. Successful completion of a previous undergraduate or graduate degree at an accredited college or university in the US, the United Kingdom, Ireland, English-speaking Canada, New Zealand, or Australia. Score reports must be sent to Augsburg directly from the testing center. Score reports must not be more than two years old. Foreign Credential Evaluation Augsburg requires foreign credential evaluation for any transcript(s) from an institution outside of the United States. This evaluation should include the following:       Analysis of credentials to determine if your degree is equivalent to an accredited US bachelor’s degree Verification the degree is equivalent, at a minimum, to a four-year US bachelor’s degree is required. Course-by-course evaluation to show your complete course listing with credit values and grades received for each course, may also be required for specific programs. Calculation of grade point average to demonstrate your cumulative grade point average using the standard US grading system, i.e., A=4.0, B=3.0, C=2.0, D=1.0, F=0.0. Translation to English (if applicable) The evaluation report must be sent directly to Augsburg’s Office of Admissions. Refer to World Education Services at www.wes.org or member of the National Association of Credential Evaluators (NACES) at www.naces.org for information on how to obtain a foreign credential evaluation. Proof of Financial Support International applicants must provide reliable documentation that they have financial resources adequate to meet expenses for the duration of their academic program, which include tuition and fees, books and supplies, room and board, health insurance, personal expenses, and living expenses for dependents (if applicable). 14 Funds may come from any dependable source, including scholarships, fellowships, sponsoring agencies, personal funds, or funds from the student’s family. Documentation of scholarships and fellowships may be in the form of an official award letter from the school or sponsoring agency; documentation of personal or family funds should be on bank letterhead stationery, or in the form of a legally binding affidavit. Government Form I-134, Affidavit of Support, or Augsburg’s Financial Sponsorship form can be used to document support being provided by a US citizen or US legal permanent resident. All financial documents such as bank statements must be dated within three months prior to the date of application. Health Insurance All F-1 international students and their dependents (if applicable) are required to have adequate health insurance coverage for the duration of their program. International students will be enrolled in the Augsburg international student plan unless they fill out a waiver verifying proof of coverage through an alternative provider for the same period. 15 Financing Your Education Costs The Board of Regents approves the costs for the academic year. The board reviews costs annually and makes changes as required. Augsburg reserves the right to adjust charges should economic conditions necessitate. Full-Time vs. Half-Time Graduate students will need to be enrolled in 3 credits to be considered half-time and 6 credits to be considered fulltime. Tuition and Fees          Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) Master of Arts in Nursing (MAN) Master of Arts in Education (MAE) Master of Arts in Leadership (MAL) Master of Fine Arts (MFA) Master of Social Work (MSW) Master of Business Administration (MBA) Master of Music Therapy (MMT) Master of Science in Physician Assistant (MPA) $930 per 1.0 credit $724 per 1.0 credit $485 per 1.0 credit $759 per 1.0 credit $679 per 1.0 credit $679 per 1.0 credit $849 per 1.0 credit $859 per 1.0 credit $799 per 1.0 credit Tuition Students are charged per credit. All associated costs must be paid by the beginning of each semester to avoid accruing finance charges, unless you have enrolled in an official payment plan through Student Financial Services. Fees Specific courses or programs may have additional fees associated with them, such as lab or supply fees. Payments Semester Charges Prior to the start of each semester, a statement of estimated charges showing charges and financial aid credits designated by the Student Financial Services Office is sent to the student via e-mail. All statements are available online through AugNet’s Records and Registration site. Payments can be made online at www.augsburg.edu/studentfinancial/make-a-payment. Augsburg may charge late fees and interest on delinquent accounts. Review the full policy regarding past due balances online at www.augsburg.edu/studentfinancial/disclosure Payment Options Augsburg University offers payment plan options for all students. Information about payment plans is available online at www.augsburg.edu/studentfinancial/payment-plans-and-discounts. Payment Policy Students at Augsburg University are obligated to pay Term Fees and additional charges when they register for each academic term. “Term Fees” include tuition, room and board charges and other fees initiated during your time as a student. Students are responsible to pay for all of these charges regardless of whether financial aid is received or employers or other third parties pay as agreed. “Term Fees” are subject to refund only to the extent allowed under the Augsburg University Tuition Refund Policy. 16 Augsburg accepts the following forms of payment: Cash Students and guest payers may make cash payments in-person at the Enrollment Center. Cash should never be mailed. Students will receive a receipt of their cash payment. Check Students and guest payers may pay their term fees via check either in-person at the Enrollment Center, through mail, or online using e-check/ACH. A $30 NSF Fee will be added for any payment returned by the bank for Non-Sufficient Funds. A receipt will automatically be sent electronically for any online payments. Students who pay in-person or through mail may request a receipt of the check payment. Credit Card/Debit Card Students and guest payers may make student account payments online with a Visa, MasterCard, Discover, or American Express credit card. As of June 10th, 2016, Augsburg will no longer accept credit card or debit card payments in-person, over the phone, or through the mail. Credit cards will only be accepted online via Cashnet, a vendor contracted by Augsburg. Because Cashnet charges Augsburg for their services, a credit card service fee of 2.75 percent will be associated with any credit card payment made to the University. This is to offset the approximately $250,000 in costs that Augsburg accrues annually for providing credit card payment options to our students. Augsburg will not receive any part of the service fee and will not be profiting from it. Financial Aid All students who wish to be considered for financial assistance must reapply each year. In addition to reapplying for aid, students must make satisfactory academic progress toward the attainment of their degree or certificate as stipulated in the Satisfactory Academic Progress (SAP) section of this catalog. Financial assistance awarded through Augsburg may be a combination of grants and loans. The University cooperates with federal, state, church, and private agencies in providing various aid programs. The Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) helps determine the amount of assistance for which a student is eligible. This analysis takes into account such family financial factors as current income, assets, number of dependent family members, other educational expenses, retirement needs, and special considerations. Types of Aid A student applying for aid from Augsburg applies for assistance in general rather than for a specific scholarship or grant (except as noted). Institutional Grants/Discounts Augsburg offers grants/discounts for a variety of different students. Specific information about the different grants and scholarships, along with eligibility requirements, can be found online at www.augsburg.edu/studentfinancial/paymentplans-and-discounts. Loan Assistance Graduate students must be enrolled at least half-time in order to receive federal loans. Three semester credits per term is considered half-time. Six semester credits per term is considered full-time.   Federal Unsubsidized Direct Student Loan Interest begins accruing on the date of disbursement and the borrower is responsible for all interest. The borrower may choose to make payments while in school or may defer payments and allow interest to accrue and be capitalized (added to the balance of the loan). 17   Federal Graduate Loan Program (PLUS) Graduate PLUS is a loan program to help graduate students meet college costs. Students may borrow up to the cost of attendance (minus all other student financial aid). Further information about loan programs can be found online at www.augsburg.edu/studentfinancial. Satisfactory Academic Progress (SAP) Federal regulations require that all higher education institutions establish and implement a policy to measure whether students [1] receiving financial aid [2] are making satisfactory academic progress toward the completion of a degree. The purpose of this policy is to make sure that students who receive financial aid are using this money wisely. It is meant to curtail the use of financial aid by students who fail to successfully complete their course work. Failure to meet the following standards makes a student ineligible for all institutional, federal, and state financial aid. Standards of Satisfactory Academic Progress    Minimum GPA Requirements - Graduate Students must maintain a minimum 2.50 cumulative GPA based on the entire academic record. Minimum Credits Completed - Graduate Students must earn a cumulative 66.67% of the credits attempted based on the entire academic record. A completed credit has a grade of A – D- or P. Credits earned and completed will include accepted cumulative transfer credits as defined by the Registrar’s Office. Unsatisfactory grades “W (withdrawn),” “I (Incomplete),” “F/FN (Zero),” and “N (Not Passing)” are counted towards the cumulative attempted credits. Repeated and remedial courses are not counted towards the cumulative attempted credits. Maximum Time Frame - To demonstrate academic progress, graduate students must complete their degree objective within 150% of the length of the program (varies per program). Monitoring and Evaluating Progress In order to ensure SAP standards are being met, the Student Financial Services Office will evaluate students’ academic achievement at the end of each term. After the student’s record is evaluated and the Student Financial Services Office determines the student’s GPA or completion rate to be unsatisfactory, the student will be placed on Financial Aid Warning or Financial Aid Suspension. Students will be notified through their Augsburg email if they fail to meet SAP standards. Financial Aid Warning A student who fails to meet SAP standards will be placed on Financial Aid Warning for the following term of enrollment. Students placed on Financial Aid Warning will still be eligible to receive financial aid. Financial Aid Warning will last for one term. If at the end of the term, the student meets SAP standards the Financial Aid Warning will conclude. Students currently on Financial Aid Warning who do not meet SAP standards at the end of the term will be placed on Financial Aid Suspension. Financial Aid Suspension A student who fails to meet either the minimum GPA requirement and/or minimum credits attempted while on Financial Aid Warning will be placed on Financial Aid Suspension. A student on Financial Aid Suspension is ineligible to receive any form of financial aid. A student on Financial Aid Suspension may submit an appeal to reinstate their financial aid. Financial Aid Suspension will conclude when the student meets SAP standards, or successfully appeals. Financial Aid will be suspended when a student placed on Financial Aid Suspension does not meet SAP standards. Because grades may not be available before the beginning of the next scheduled term, it is possible that financial aid may be disbursed to a student before the review can be conducted. In the event that a student is found to be ineligible for the financial aid that has been disbursed due to a failure to meet one of the Standards, the aid that was disbursed will be canceled, and returned to the appropriate program(s). 18 Right to Appeal Students who have had their financial aid suspended may submit the SAP Appeal Form to the Student Financial Services Office. The SAP Appeal Form must be completely filled out, along with any additional documents required by the SAP Committee. The appeal should state reasons why the student failed to meet SAP standards, and what changed for the student that will allow the student to demonstrate progress towards meeting SAP standards. The appeal will be decided by the SAP Committee. All decisions made by the Committee are final. If a student’s appeal is approved, they will be placed on Financial Aid Probation. If a student’s appeal is denied, they will remain on Financial Aid Suspension and will remain ineligible for financial aid. Financial Aid Probation A student who has been placed on Financial Aid Suspension and successfully appeals SAP will be place on Financial Aid Probation. A student on Financial Aid Probation will be eligible to receive financial aid. Financial Aid Probation will last for one term. If at the end of the term, the student meets SAP standards, the Financial Aid Probation will conclude. Students currently on Financial Aid Probation who do not meet the standards at the end of the term are placed on Financial Aid Suspension and are no longer eligible for financial aid. [1] Include all degree seeking students in both the Undergraduate Day and Augsburg for Adults, and all Graduate programs. [2] Financial Aid is defined as: Augsburg Institutional Aid, Federal Title IV funding, and Minnesota State Financial Aid programs. Student Account Financial Disclosure Students at Augsburg University are obligated to pay Term Fees and additional charges when they register for each academic term. “Term Fees” include tuition, room and board charges and other fees initiated during your time as a student. Students are responsible to pay for all of these charges regardless of whether financial aid is received or employers or other third parties pay as agreed. “Term Fees” are subject to refund only to the extent allowed under the Augsburg University Tuition Refund Policy. Statements and account history are available online through AugNet Records and Registration. Augsburg University may require someone to co-sign on the students’ obligations in special cases, such as when a student has a history of late or missed payments. When a co-signer’s signature is required, both students and co-signers are responsible for payment of all costs incurred (including collection costs and fees of any collection agency and/or attorney, if applicable) and all other conditions outlined on the Student Account Financial Disclosure. Results of Balances Not Paid in Full Augsburg may charge late fees and interest on delinquent accounts. Missed or late payments will be subject to a late payment charge and/or a finance charge on the overdue balance from the date the balance was due until payment in full is received. If your account is not paid in full on the first day of the term, finance charges at the rate of 8% per year (.67% per month) will be added onto your student account balance. For example, this means that for every $1,000 owed you will receive $6.70 a month in finance charges. A $30 NSF Fee will be added for any payment returned by the bank for Non-Sufficient Funds. Past Due Accounts If the student does not set up a formal payment plan with Augsburg’s Student Financial Services department, Augsburg reserves the right to demand payment of the entire balance owed by that student and to take steps to collect it. Augsburg may cancel the student’s registration, prevent the student from registering for future terms, withhold transcripts or diplomas, remove the student from on-campus housing, turn the student’s account over to a collection agency or take legal action to collect any past due balance. Each student authorizes Augsburg to release financial information about her or his account and other pertinent information such as address and phone number to third parties who are dealing with the collection of the account balance. By providing us with a telephone number for a 19 cellular phone or other wireless device, you are expressly consenting to receive communications – including but not limited to prerecorded or artificial voice message calls, text messages, and calls made by an automatic telephone dialing system – from us and our affiliates and agents at that number. This express consent applies to each such telephone number that you provide to us now or in the future and permits such calls regardless of their purpose. Calls and messages may incur access fees from your cellular provider. Each student also agrees to reimburse Augsburg University, or its agents, the fees of any collection agency, which may be based on a percentage at a maximum of 40% of the debt, and all costs and expenses, including reasonable attorneys’ fees, we incur in such collection efforts. Please note that, due to the Bankruptcy Reform Act, educational benefits are generally exempt from discharge under bankruptcy. The terms of this agreement remain in effect until all Term Fees and other charges are paid in full. Financial Policy Registration is permitted only if the student’s account for a previous term is paid in full or if the student is making scheduled payments in accordance with an approved payment plan. Augsburg University will not release student academic transcripts or graduation diplomas/certificates until all student account charges are paid in full or, in the case of student loan funds administered by the University (Federal Perkins Student Loan), are current according to established repayment schedules and the loan entrance and exit interviews have been completed. Tuition Refund Students are eligible for a 100% tuition refund for any courses they drop without notation through the date labeled “Last day to drop without a ‘W’ grade & 100% refund – Full Semester class” on the Academic Calendar. After this date, students are no longer eligible for any refund of tuition unless they withdraw from all of their courses. This policy is effective whether or not a student has attended classes. Students withdrawing from all of a term’s courses may receive a 50% tuition refund when they withdraw by the date labeled “Last day to withdraw with 50% refund – Full Semester class” on the Academic Calendar. Students are responsible for cancelling courses through the Registrar’s Office (or online) in order to be eligible for any refund. Students who unofficially withdraw (stop attending) but do not complete the drop/add form are responsible for all charges. Financial aid may be adjusted based on the student’s last recorded date of attendance. Refund calculations are based on the date that the drop/add form is processed. Medical Refund If a student is forced to withdraw from one or more courses in a term due to illness or an accident, a request for a medical refund should be made through the Academic/Financial Petition. Petition forms are available through the Registrar’s Office website. An extra medical refund may be granted by the Committee upon submission of documentation from the attending doctor, on letterhead, verifying the medical circumstances. Unofficial Withdrawal Federal regulations require that records of financial aid recipients who earn failing grades in all their classes be reviewed. If courses are not completed (e.g., unofficial withdrawal, stopped attending), the University is required to refund financial aid to the appropriate sources according to federal or Augsburg refund policies based on the last recorded date of attendance. Students are responsible for the entire cost of the term including the portion previously covered by financial aid should they stop attending. Students are strongly urged to follow guidelines for complete withdrawal. If there are extenuating circumstances, a petition to have the cost of tuition refunded can be made. Petition forms are available online through the Registrar’s Office website. A student who registers, does not attend any classes, and does not withdraw may petition to withdraw retroactively. The student must petition within six months of the end of term and provide proof of non-attendance. Proof can include, but is not limited to, statements from each instructor that the student never attended, or documentation of attendance for the term at another college or university. If approved, grades of W will be recorded and tuition charges for the term will be replaced with an administrative cancellation fee of $300. 20 Financial Aid Policy Financial aid such as federal, state, and institutional grants and scholarships are awarded based upon the total number of registered credits on the “Last day to add with faculty signature – Full Semester class” as noted on the Academic Calendar. Students must register for internships, Time 2 classes, and ACTC classes before the “Last day to add with faculty signature-Full Semester class”. Financial aid will not be adjusted for classes added after this date. Students must earn the financial aid they are awarded each semester by actively attending and participating in classes throughout the semester. Financial aid is recalculated when students do any of the following: drop classes without a “W” grade, fail to begin classes, cease to attend classes, fail all classes, or fully withdraw from all classes. Financial Aid – Return of Title IV Funds Policy Students must earn the financial aid they are awarded each semester. A student can earn their aid by attending classes. Augsburg must always return any unearned Title IV funds it is responsible for returning within 45 days of the date the school determined the student withdrew. The withdrawal date used in the return to title IV calculation of a student’s federal financial aid is the actual date indicated on the official withdraw record. If a student stops attending classes without notifying the University, the withdrawal date will be the last date of academic activity determined by the University. Federal/State Aid Adjustments Augsburg is required to return unearned federal/state aid for students who fully withdraw from their courses. The Return to Title IV calculation is based on the total number of days in the semester compared to the total number of days that a student attended classes before the last date of attendance. If the student receives more aid than they ‘earned’, then the ‘unearned portion’ of the student’s aid must be returned to the U.S.Department of Education. After 60% of the term has passed, students are eligible to keep all of their federal/state aid. If you are planning to completely withdraw from your courses, please see a Student Financial Services counselor to determine what aid may need to be returned. Financial aid will be returned to the aid program from which it came. If returned to a loan program, your outstanding balance will be reduced by the amount of the return. Aid will be returned in the following order: 1. Unsubsidized Direct Loan 2. Direct Graduate PLUS Loans 3. TEACH Grant Institutional Aid Adjustments Augsburg will return institutional aid for students who partially withdraw or fully withdraw from courses. If students withdraw from their courses they will receive a 50% tuition refund and 50% of their institutional aid will be removed. If a student withdraws after the last day to receive a tuition refund, there will be no adjustment to their institutional aid. Post-Withdrawal Disbursement If a student earned more aid than was disbursed to him/her, the student may be eligible for a post-withdrawal disbursement. Augsburg’s financial aid office will notify the student in writing if he/she is eligible for a post-withdrawal disbursement of Title IV loan funds. A student or parent borrower must first confirm in writing whether he/she accepts/declines all or some of the loan funds offered as a post-withdrawal disbursement. A post-withdrawal disbursement of Federal grant funds does not require student acceptance or approval. The University will seek the student’s authorization to use a post-withdrawal disbursement for all other educationally related charges in addition to tuition and fees. Credit Refund Augsburg students may be eligible to receive a credit refund if their financial aid exceeds tuition and fee charges for a term. Credit refunds are issued within two weeks after the last day to drop courses without recorded notation. Financial 21 Aid needs to be finalized (You can verify your financial aid status online through Track Your Financial Aid) and applied to a student’s account (Check your Transaction History online to verify all of your financial aid has been applied to your account and nothing is left pending) before the credit refund can be issued. Changes in enrollment status, housing status, and program status may affect financial aid eligibility and credit refunds. Students who are enrolled less than half-time (less than 6.0 credits for undergraduates, less than 3.0 credit for graduates) may not be eligible for financial aid; however, students may apply for private alternative loans. Registration changes made from the first week of the term through midterm may require a return of financial aid funds. Students who drop courses may receive a tuition refund, but some forms of financial aid may have to be adjusted before a refund will be available. Financial aid return of funds may take up to 30-45 days to be processed. Bookstore Students who are registered for the upcoming term will be allowed to charge up to $750 to their student account. Students DO NOT need to request a bookstore account this year. Please plan ahead and purchase books and supplies before the scheduled cut off dates; plan ahead for courses that start midterm as you will be unable to charge anything to your student account after the cut-off date. Students’ accounts will be billed for only what was spent on their bookstore accounts before credit refunds are issued. If your bookstore charges create a balance on your account, you need to make payments in accordance with your statement. Bookstore purchases charged to a student account are intended for students who have excess financial aid funds to cover their tuition, fees, AND their books or supplies. Please contact Student Financial Services before you purchase books if you need to discuss payment options. Due to the financial aid cycle, you can only charge expenses to your bookstore account during specific times. Third Party If you are expecting a third party to cover the cost of your books, you will need to turn in an itemized receipt of your purchases to the Student Financial Services Office, along with your invoice request. Additional Funds If the cost of your textbooks and supplies are above $750 in one term, you have enough financial aid to cover the additional costs, and you would like to charge the additional amount to your student account, please send the following information to Student Financial Services (studentfinances@augsburg.edu). All requests need to be in writing. Subject: Request for additional funds Full Name: Student ID number: Additional request: Students will receive an e-mail when the additional request has been processed. Accounts are opened as quickly as possible, but it could take up to two business days for activation. Consumer Information Loss of Financial Aid Due to Drug Offense A student, who is convicted of a state or federal offense involving the possession or sale of an illegal drug that occurred while the student was enrolled in school and receiving Title IV aid, is not eligible for Title IV funds. [An illegal drug is a controlled substance as defined by the Controlled Substance Act and does not include alcohol and tobacco. A borrower’s eligibility is based on the student’s self-certification on the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA). Convictions that are reversed, set aside or removed from the student’s record, or a determination arising from a juvenile court proceeding do not affect eligibility and do not need to be reported by the student. 22 A student who is convicted of a drug-related offense that occurred while the student was enrolled in school and receiving Title IV aid loses Title IV eligibility as follows: For the possession of illegal drugs: First offense: one year from the date of conviction. Second offense: two years from the date of the second conviction. Third offense: indefinitely from the date of the third conviction. For the sale of illegal drugs: First offense: two years from the date of conviction. Second offense: indefinitely from the date of the second conviction. A school must provide a student who loses Title IV eligibility due to a drug-related conviction with a timely, separate, clear, and conspicuous written notice. The notice must advise the student of his or her loss of Title IV eligibility and the ways in which the student may regain that eligibility. Regaining Eligibility after a Drug Conviction A student may regain eligibility at any time by completing an approved drug rehabilitation program and by informing the school that he or she has done so. A student regains Title IV eligibility on the date he or she successfully completes the program. A drug rehabilitation program is considered approved for these purposes if it includes at least two unannounced drug tests and meets one of the following criteria:     The program received or is qualified to receive funds directly or indirectly under a federal, state, or local government program. The program is administered or recognized by a federal, state, or local government agency or court. The program received or is qualified to receive payment directly or indirectly from a federally or state licensed insurance company. The program administered or recognized by a federally or state-licensed hospital, health clinic, or medical doctor. Policies may change throughout an academic year if necessary to comply with federal, state, or institutional changes or regulations. 23 Student Resources/Academic and Support Services Lindell Library Resources The James G. Lindell Family Library is home to a collection of almost 400,000 books, more than half of which are ebooks that can be read online or downloaded at your convenience. Students also have access to millions of journal articles, over 60,000 streaming videos, nearly 200 databases, and a wide assortment of movies on DVD or VHS. Lindell also houses significant collections of juvenile literature and K-12 curriculum materials, as well as the University’s archives and special collections. Our digital collections include full runs of campus publications such as The Augsburgian, The Echo, and Murphy Square as well as numerous audio and video recordings documenting the university’s history. If that still isn’t enough, Lindell Library offers an interlibrary loan (ILL) service free of charge. Augsburg students can borrow any type of research material - books, journal articles, videos, music scores, and more - from almost any library in the world and these materials will be delivered directly to Lindell Library at no cost to you. Research Support Research help is always available, either online or in person, at Lindell Library’s Learning Commons. Our research guides, available on the library’s website, provide access to key research materials on topics as wide-ranging as health and physical education, film studies, computer science, or music therapy. Students can set up individual research consultations with a librarian at Lindell’s Learning Commons desk, by phone at 612-330-1604, by email at refdesk@augsburg.edu, or chat with an expert 24/7 through our Ask-A-Librarian service at library.augsburg.edu. Other Cool Stuff Libraries are more than just books and databases, they are places to gather for collaborative research or quiet study and reflection. At Lindell Library, you can do both. Ten group study rooms are available on the top floor of Lindell Library, and can be reserved up to two weeks in advance. The lower level is a designated quiet study space for those who prefer to work alone. Whether working on individual research or a large group project, Augsburg students can check out all sorts of equipment from the Library’s Circulation Desk, including laptops, cameras, microphones, and other AV equipment. If your research takes you off campus or you just want to explore the Twin Cities, you can check out a bike or a MetroTransit Go-To Card for use on buses and the light rail. Both are available at no cost. The staff at Lindell Library are eager to help you with all your research needs. Stop by anytime that the library is open (hours are always posted on the library’s website), or contact us at: library.augsburg.edu refdesk@augsburg.edu 612-330-1604 Information Technology Services Augsburg University has built a reputation as a leader in its commitment to provide students with relevant and timely access to information technology and training. Visit the Student Technology website, inside.augsburg.edu/techdesk, for more on Information Technology at Augsburg. Computing Students have access to more than 250 on-campus computers. Both PC and Macintosh desktop computers are available in the Lindell Library Learning Commons and computer lab, and in the 24-hour Urness computer lab. The University has four computer classrooms, 40+ technology-enhanced classrooms and one video conferencing-enabled classroom. The circulation desk in Lindell Library has 40 laptops available for use in the library. Several computer clusters are available for more specific student use within academic departments. A high-speed fiber optic campus network provides access to AugNet online services, printing, and to the internet. Network-ready student 24 machines can connect to the campus network from residence hall rooms or any building on campus using WiFi. All of the AugNet online services are available securely on- and off-campus. Center for Learning and Accessible Student Services (CLASS) The Center for Learning and Accessible Student Services (CLASS) provides individualized accommodations and academic support for students with documented learning, attention, psychiatric, sensory, and physical disabilities, as well as those with temporary disabilities. CLASS has been recognized as a leader in its field, helping these students gain access to the curriculum. Its mission is a reflection of Augsburg’s commitment to providing a rigorous and challenging, yet supportive, liberal arts education to students with diverse backgrounds, preparations, and experiences. Each term, Disability Specialists work directly with students to develop a plan for ensuring they have equal access to Augsburg courses, programs, activities, and facilities. Students are encouraged to meet regularly with their specialist, and discussions may include:      Accommodations for testing and coursework (e.g., extended time, note-taking) Referrals to other campus resources (e.g., tutoring, student technology assistance, academic advising, counseling, financial aid) Training and use of assistive technology through the Groves Accommodations Laboratory Coaching on academic, organizational, and time management skills Campus living accommodations The Disability Specialists may also consult with instructors, academic advisors, and other members of the faculty, staff, or administration as they work to facilitate equal access for each student. Taking advantage of these accommodations and services, however, remains the student’s responsibility. Any Augsburg student who wants to establish eligibility for accommodations and services should schedule a meeting with a Specialist to discuss their needs, as well as appropriate documentation of their disability. CLASS also provides informal screenings for students who suspect they may have a learning-related disability. These screenings are meant only to help students determine whether they should seek a thorough evaluation by a qualified professional. Academic accommodations are intended to ensure access to educational opportunities for students with disabilities and may not fundamentally alter the basic nature or essential components of an institution’s courses or programs. The services and technology provided by CLASS are enhanced by the generous support of the Gage family and Groves Foundation. For further information, call 612-330-1053. International Student and Scholar Services (ISSS) ISSS is responsible for advising degree-seeking international students and exchange students. Members of the ISSS team serve as Designated School Officials (DSO) for the University’s F-1 student visa program and as Responsible Officer (RO) for the University’s J-1 student/scholar exchange program. A DSO ensures institutional and individual compliance with the law and government policies pertaining to F-1 students. The RO ensures institutional and individual compliance with the law and government policies pertaining to J-1 exchange students and scholars. ISSS advises students regarding the F and J regulations so that students maintain their F or J immigration status, as well as providing support for international students in adjusting to life in the U.S. and in achieving their academic goals. 25 Academic Policies and Procedures Academic Calendars All graduate programs meet on a semester calendar. The Academic Calendars can be found at www.augsburg.edu/registrar. All academic calendars are subject to change without notice. Academic Policies The University and its faculty subscribe to the Statement of Principles on Academic Freedom as promulgated by the American Association of University Professors and the Association of American Colleges. Academic Honesty A university is a community of learners whose relationship relies on trust. Honesty is necessary to preserve the integrity and credibility of scholarship by the Augsburg University community. Academic dishonesty, therefore, is not tolerated. As a University requirement, student course projects, papers, and examinations may include a statement by the student pledging to abide by the University’s academic honesty policies and to uphold the highest standards of academic integrity. (See Augsburg’s Academic Honesty Policy in the Student Guide). Evaluation and Grading Evaluation of academic performance is based on letter grades using an A ‐ F scale. Grading option cannot be changed from traditional (A - F) to Pass/No Credit. Explanation of grades: Grade A AB+ B BC+ C CD+ D DF P N Grade Points Description 4.00 Excellent 3.67 3.33 3.00 Undergraduate: Good Graduate: Satisfactory 2.67 2.33 2.00 Undergraduate only: Satisfactory 1.67 1.33 1.00 Poor 0.67 0.00 Failure 0.00 Pass 0.00 No Pass *The letter equivalent of a P grade is a C- / 1.67 or higher for undergraduate courses and a B / 3.0 or higher for graduate courses. Pass/No Pass Grades In graduate courses, the grading option cannot be changed from the traditional A ‐ F grading scale to the Pass/No Pass grading system. 26 Some graduate courses only use the Pass/No Pass grading system. In order to receive a grade of P, students must achieve at least a grade of B. Incomplete (I) Grades Incomplete grades (I) are to be given only in the case of extreme emergency (i.e. illness, family emergency, death in the family, military commitment). If you have any questions regarding the qualifying emergency please contact the Registrar’s Office for verification. An incomplete grade (I) may be awarded when the instructor grants permission after determining that a student emergency may delay completion of coursework. Students who receive an incomplete grade should be capable of passing the course if they satisfactorily complete outstanding course requirements. To receive an incomplete grade, a student must file an Application for Incomplete Grade form with the Registrar’s Office that states the reasons for the request, outlines the work required to complete the course, and includes the course instructor’s signature. The instructor may stipulate the terms and conditions that apply to course completion; however, students may not attend the same course (or a portion of the same course) in a following term with an incomplete grade. The student must complete the outstanding work in enough time to allow evaluation of the work by the instructor and the filing of a grade before the final day of the following academic term in the student’s program. If the work is not completed by the specified date of the following academic term, the grade for the course becomes 0.0. Extension (X) Grades Internships, independent studies, and directed studies may sometimes last longer than one term. When this is the case, they must be completed by the grading deadlines within one year from the beginning of the first term of registration. A grade of X (extension) is given by the instructor to indicate that the study is extended. It is expected that students given X extensions will continue to communicate with their instructors and demonstrate that satisfactory progress is being maintained. A final grade will be issued at the end of the term in which the work is completed and evaluated (but not longer than one year). An instructor has the right to not grant an extension where satisfactory progress is not demonstrated. If the course is not completed, a grade of F will be assigned. Withdrawal (W) Grade A course is given a grade of W (withdrawn) when it is dropped after the deadline for dropping classes without a W grade and before the last day to withdraw. Withdrawals negatively impact credit completion rate but do not negatively impact the grade point average. Repeated Courses A course in which a grade of F, FN, D-, D, D+, C-, C, C+, B-, or N has been received may be repeated for credit. Courses in which higher grades have been earned may not be repeated for credit and a grade, but may be audited (exceptions are made for academic programs with minimum grade requirements of a B+ or higher or other catalog policies that require a course to be retaken). All courses taken each semester and grades earned, including W and N, will be recorded on the academic record. Only the credits and grades earned for the most recent attempt, for legitimately repeated courses, are counted toward graduation and in the grade point average. Courses completed at Augsburg University must be repeated at Augsburg to be included in the repeat policy. Auditing Courses Students who wish to take courses without credit or grade may do so by registering for Audit (V) on a space-available basis. Graduate students will be charged an audit fee of $1,000. The signature of the instructor is required to register an audit. Students who audit a course should confer with the instructor within two weeks of the beginning of the term to determine expectations, attendance, and any other requirements. If expectations have been met, the course will be listed on the transcript with a V grade. If expectations have not been met, the course will be listed with a grade of W. Audited courses do not count towards graduation. 27 Grade Point Average The grade point average (GPA) is based on final grades for all work at Augsburg. It does not include credit and grade points for work transferred from other institutions. The formula for calculating the GPA = Total grade points divided by number of credits attempted with A to F grades assigned. The following grading symbols are not included in the GPA calculation: Symbol P S N V W I X IP R GRT L NG Explanation Fall 2017 to Present: Pass, C- or higher undergraduate or B or higher graduate work; Prior to Fall 2017: Pass, 2.0 or higher undergraduate or 3.0 or higher graduate work Satisfactory No pass, no credit Audit, no credit Withdrawn Incomplete Extension, incomplete In progress Repeat Credit granted Required lab component (a credit-bearing grade was earned in the corresponding lecture course) Not graded, no credit Attendance Attendance and participation are critical to the success of any course. Evaluation of the level and quality of participation may be incorporated into the course grade. We view attendance as a joint commitment of both instructors and students to our professional development. Each instructor has the authority to specify attendance and participation requirements to address the needs of particular courses, individual students, or various learning styles. Lack of attendance may result in a failing grade and the requirement to repeat the course. Students must notify the professor in advance of any expected absence. In the case of emergency, when prior notification is not possible, students must notify the professor of an absence as soon as possible. Non-Attendance/Non-Participation Attendance/participation in class is important for academic success and financial aid. Therefore, students are dropped for non-attendance/non-participation after the 10th business day of the term if reported by the instructor. Students are ultimately responsible for dropping classes if they no longer plan to attend/participate. Students who have been dropped and wish to re-enroll must submit an Academic/Financial Petition. Graduate Continuation Policy Students registering for the final project course must complete the Final Project Registration/Graduate Continuation Contract by the last day to add with faculty signature for a Full Semester class as noted on the Academic Calendar. Upon receipt of the contract, the Registrar’s Office will enroll the student in the Continuation Program for 7 semesters. Entry into the Continuation Program maintains students’ active status in the graduate program, including library and AugNet Services. If a grade is not received by the grading deadline of the 7th semester, the grade will change from X to N. Students who wish to complete the final project after receiving a failing grade must meet with the program director to evaluate readmission to the University and program. Students who are readmitted may need to complete additional coursework 28 and will need to pay tuition and fees for any additional courses. If/when the final project course is completed, the new grade would replace the previous N grade. Students may withdraw from the University, and thus from the Continuation Program and the final project course, at any point during the continuation period and receive a W notation on the transcript for the final project course. Following a withdrawal, students are welcome to meet with the program director to evaluate readmission to the University and program. Students who are readmitted may need to complete additional coursework and will need to pay full tuition and fees for any additional courses. If/when the final project course is completed, the new grade would replace the previous W grade. Credit and Contact Hours Augsburg’s credit hour policy follows the federal guidelines in defining a semester credit hour as one fifty-minute period of instruction and 100 minutes of out-of-class work per week for fifteen weeks, or the equivalent amount of student work completed over a different time frame or via a different delivery method. All Augsburg programs follow the semester calendar with semester lengths from 14-16 weeks. Augsburg offers a summer semester which follows the same format as both fall and spring semester. Students must take at least 3 credits to be considered half-time, and 6 or more credits to be considered full-time. Students may take up to 22 credits. Degree Requirements To be conferred the graduate degree, all graduate students must achieve the following:    Successful completion of all required courses A cumulative GPA of 3.0; Physician Assistant students must consult the PA Program Progression Standards Policy. Successful completion of all degree requirements within the stipulated period of matriculation or a signed continuation agreement with Augsburg University. Probation and Dismissal Graduate students must maintain a 3.0 cumulative grade point average. If a student falls below a 3.0 average, the student will be placed on academic probation for the following term. A 3.0 cumulative grade point average must be restored in order for a student to be removed from probation. Graduate students in the Physician Assistant must consult the PA Program Progression Standards Policy. A student whose GPA falls below the required GPA for his/her graduate program (3.0 in most programs) in two or more terms may be subject to probation or dismissal. A plan for the student to continue in the program may be worked out with the program director. Students may also be dismissed for violation of standards of behavior defined by their profession, their program, or the University. Dismissal Appeals Process A student may appeal a program’s dismissal decision using the University’s program dismissal appeals process. Appeals are limited to procedural errors that the student can demonstrate negatively affected the outcome. The student initiates the appeal process by submitting a hard copy of the statement of appeal to the Assistant Vice President of Academic Affairs and Dean of Graduate Studies (AVP-Graduate Studies); email is not acceptable. The statement must identify each procedural error and state how each error negatively affected the outcome. The statement of appeal will be the only basis of the student’s appeal. The AVP-Graduate Studies must receive the student’s statement of appeal within 14 calendar days of the date on the department’s written notification of dismissal. The AVP-Graduate Studies will send a copy of the statement of appeal to the program chair/director. The program must submit a response to the student’s statement of appeal within 15 business days of the date that the statement was 29 received by the AVP-Graduate Studies’ office. A hard copy of the program’s response should be submitted to the AVPGraduate Studies. The AVP-Graduate Studies will send a copy of the program’s response to the student. The AVP-Graduate Studies will convene the Program Dismissal Appeals Committee, which will include the AVP-Graduate Studies as a non-voting chair and three program faculty members (one from programs not named in the appeal: Business, Creative Writing, Education, Leadership, Nursing, Physician Assistant Studies, Social Work). The Program Dismissal Appeals Committee will schedule its hearing within 15 business days of receipt of the program’s statement of response. The Committee will meet with the student and a program representative to review the procedures and ask questions of both the student and the program representative. The student and program representative may each bring a third party to the review meeting (limited to an Augsburg University faculty member, staff member, or student). The role of the third party representative is to provide support to the student or the program representative, not to serve as an advocate during the meeting. Dropping or Withdrawing Courses may be dropped or withdrawn online through AugNet Records and Registration or with a Registration Form. For drop and withdrawal deadlines see the Academic Calendar. Independent Study Students may request to complete an independent study course as an addition to the required coursework. A faculty sponsor is required for an independent study project, and project proposals must be approved by the program director in order to receive credit. Normally, independent study may not be used as a replacement for a standard course offered in the curriculum, with the exception of the general elective (if approved). A special Directed/Independent Study Registration form is required. Term Off Students may take up to two semesters off and have continued access to Augsburg email and AugNet Services. If a student is not registered after 10th day of th	cc/2022-05/en_head_0000.json.gz/line249
__label__wiki	0.803291	0.803291	Edward H. Magill Papers Identifier: SFHL-RG6-D02 The collection contains President Magill's official and personal correspondence, genealogical material on the Magill family, writings, lecture notes, and speeches. The bulk of the correspondence falls within the period 1880-1890. The correspondence includes photocopies of 26 letters from President Magill to his son-in-law, Andrew D. White, President of Cornell University, concerning family, academic, and Quaker affairs. Also included are Swarthmore Post Office records. Magill was interested in shorthand ("phonography"), and some of his annotations and notes are in shorthand. Organized into nine series: Genealogical materials Swarthmore College papers Post Office records Published articles and speeches Writings and speeches Magill, Edward H. (Edward Hicks), 1825-1907 (Person) Limitations on Accessing the Collection Permission to this material is restricted and requires the permission of the President of Swarthmore College or the Chairman of the Board of Managers of the College. Contact the repository for details. Copyright and Rights Information Copyright has not been assigned to Friends Historical Library. All requests for permission to publish or quote from manuscripts must be submitted in to the Director. Permission for publication is given on behalf Friends Historical Library as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by reader. Born September 24, 1825, Edward Hicks Magill became the second president of Swarthmore College in 1871 after the school had been in session for little more than a year. A birthright Quaker, he was the son of Jonathan Paxson and Mary (Watson) Magill. In 1852, he was married under the care of Makefield Monthly Meeting (Pa.) to Sarah Warner Beans. The Magills had six children: Helen, Eudora, Beatrice, Gertrude, Francis, and Marian. Helen Magill was a member of the first graduating class of Swarthmore College, the first female awarded a Ph.D. in the United States, and became the wife of Andrew D. White, President of Cornell University. Edward Magill was educated at Brown and Yale Universities. Swarthmore College opened in the fall of 1869, and Magill became principal of the new preparatory department as well as professor of Latin and French at the College. Magill was regarded as being academically well prepared to assume the presidency of the College. However, his appointment had much to do with the fact that he also believed in strict discipline and the principles of a guarded education. The first president, Edward Parrish, resigned in February 1871, largely in disagreement with the Board of Managers over the primary mission of the College. Magill was named President of the College, but the Board of Managers assumed the majority of the executive powers. Magill favored electives and wanted to make Swarthmore more than a sectarian college, but rather than confront the Board, he implemented his 100 Rules, strict rules of social conduct, as a means to answer the Board's concerns. While the College's social rules were strict during Magill's term of office, Swarthmore also made significant academic progress. Swarthmore's first class graduated in 1873, consisting of five women and one man; by 1881 students began publishing the school newspaper, The Phoenix. In 1881, a fire swept through Parrish Hall, the College building, gutting the interior. Plans for rebuilding began as quickly as two weeks later. Classes were held in temporary facilities in nearby Media until Parrish reopened in 1882. The library increased its volumes, and a science and engineering building, meeting house, and the observatory were added to the campus. As part of his job description, Magill also served as postmaster of the Swarthmore Post Office. Though the College began predominantly as a preparatory school, Magill worked hard to change that. By 1890 the College was twice as large as the preparatory department, and two years later the latter was abolished completely. Near the end of his tenure as president, the majority of Magill's rules were liberalized to attract more students. By the time he retired as president in 1889, Swarthmore was fully established as a college, and its reputation was growing. Magill retired from the presidency in 1889, but continued to teach French at the College until 1900. Edward H. Magill married a second time in 1902, to Sarah E. Gardner, and he died December 10, 1907. This collection contains the official and personal correspondences, genealogical material on the Magill family, and related manuscripts of Edward Hicks Magill, second president of Swarthmore College (1871-1889). For current information on the location of materials, please consult the Library's online catalog. Edward Hicks Magill. ALS to Matilda Rushmore, 1907-11-4. MSS 004/1907-11-4. Edward Hicks Magill. Diaries, 1903 1904. MSS 003/093. Separated Materials 1 photograph dated April 2, 1883 of Schofield School was removed to PA 100/S3/S3. Pictured in the photo are the students lined up in front of the old (1870) and next to the new (built 1882) schoolhouses in Aiken, South Carolina. 1 photograph of Sarah Warner Magill. Placed in the General Photo. file- Portraits, Magill. 1 folder labeled Correspondence 1891 containing letters addressed to President Magill's successors, Appleton and DeGarmo; moved to the papers of those two presidents, series D03 and D04. 1 folder labeled Correspondence 1892 concerning potential college students; removed to the DeGarmo series D04. 1 folder labeled Correspondence 1912-1913; removed to the Joseph Swain series D06. This collection was originally processed circa 1962 at which time materials were sorted, foldered, and a detailed inventory created. In 1998/99, as part of the reorganization of the Swarthmore College Archives, the collection was reprocessed by a library intern. Items were placed in acid-free folders and the original order maintained. Three folders of correspondence and one photograph were transferred to other collections. A new finding aid was produced, with biographical information amended in 2001. In 2006, additional manuscript items were added to the collection. In 2007, the finding aid was revised for further clarification. In 2013, box 14 was removed and its contents divided between half-full boxes 13 and 15 for better space management. Magill, Edward H. (Edward Hicks), 1825-1907 Quakers -- Pennsylvania Quakers -- Social life and customs Swarthmore College -- Archives Universities and colleges -- Pennsylvania Universities and colleges -- Pennsylvania -- History -- 19th century White, Andrew Dickson, 1832-1918 SFHL/SCA. Swarthmore College Archives SFHL/SCA/pres. Presidents Finding Aid for Edward H. Magill Papers, 1867-1907 Finding Aid Prepared by FHL staff [Indicate the cited item or series here], Swarthmore College Archives, Edward Hicks Magill Papers, RG6/D02, Friends Historical Library of Swarthmore College [Indicate the cited item or series here], Swarthmore College Archives, Edward Hicks Magill Papers, RG6/D02, Friends Historical Library of Swarthmore College http://archives2.tricolib.brynmawr.edu//repositories/7/resources/2610 Accessed January 16, 2022.	cc/2022-05/en_head_0000.json.gz/line253
__label__wiki	0.900823	0.900823	Josh Blackman Harvard Journal of Law & Public Policy, Volume 34, Issue 3 (Pages 819 - 1143) Kindle Edition by Richard Epstein (Author), Michael Stokes Paulsen (Author), Michael Gerhardt (Author), Erika Bachiochi (Author), Mark Tushnet (Author), Nelson Lund (Author), Josh Blackman (Author) › Visit Amazon's Josh Blackman Page Josh Blackman (Author), Harvard Journal of Law and Public Policy (Editor) & 5 more Format: Kindle Edition About the Harvard Journal of Law & Public Policy: The Harvard Journal of Law & Public Policy is the nation’s leading forum for conservative and libertarian legal scholarship, one of the most widely circulated student-edited law reviews, and the first and bestselling law review available for the Kindle. The Journal is published three times annually by the Harvard Society for Law & Public Policy, Inc., an organization of Harvard Law School students. Dynamic recent authors include Richard Epstein, Robert George, John Ashcroft, Judge Thomas Griffith, and Ron Paul. In the past, we have published pieces by former Chief Justice William Rehnquist, Justice Antonin Scalia, and Justice Clarence Thomas. From The Federalist Society National Lawyers Convention 2010: - Direct Democracy: Government of the People, by the People, and for the People?, by Richard A. Epstein - Elections Matter, by Michael J. Gerhardt - How To Count to Thirty-four: The Constitutional Case for a Constitutional Convention, by Michael Stokes Paulsen - Entrenching Good Government Reforms, by Mark V. Tushnet - The Constitutionality of Proposition 8, by Richard A. Epstein Three Articles: - Embodied Equality: Debunking Equal Protection Arguments for Abortion Rights, by Erika Bachiochi - The Constitutionality of Social Cost, by Josh Blackman - May Lawyers Be Given the Power To Elect Those Who Choose Our Judges? "Merit Selection" and Constitutional Law, by Nelson Lund - What's the Harm? Nontaxpayer Standing To Challenge Religious Symbols - Why We Cannot Ask Why: Ethical Independence and Voter Intent And Two Recent Developments: - The Changing Landscape of Firearm Legislation in the Wake of McDonald v. City of Chicago, 130 S. Ct. 3020 (2010) - Machinegunning Reason: Sentencing Factors and Mandatory Minimums in United States v. P'Brien, 130 S. Ct. 2169 (2010) Cynical Theories: How Activist Scholarship Made Everything about Race, Gender, and Identity—and Why This Harms Everybody Helen Pluckrose ASIN ‏ : ‎ B005H3L9XW Publisher ‏ : ‎ Harvard Society for Law & Public Policy, Inc. (August 11, 2011) Publication date ‏ : ‎ August 11, 2011 #488 in Jurisprudence (Kindle Store) #2,214 in Jurisprudence (Books) Josh is an Associate Professor of Law at the South Texas College of Law in Houston who specializes in constitutional law, the United States Supreme Court, and the intersection of law and technology. Josh is the author of three books: Unprecedented: The Constitutional Challenge to Obamacare (2013), Unraveled: Obamacare, Religious Liberty, and Executive Power (Cambridge University Press, 2016), and An Introduction to Constitutional Law: 100 Supreme Court Cases Everyone Should Know. Josh was selected by Forbes Magazine for the “30 Under 30” in Law and Policy. Josh has twice testified before the House Judiciary Committee on the constitutionality of executive action on immigration and health care. He is an adjunct scholar at the Cato Institute. Josh is the founder and President of the Harlan Institute, the founder of FantasySCOTUS, the Internet’s Premier Supreme Court Fantasy League, and blogs at JoshBlackman.com. Josh is the author of over four dozen law review articles, and his commentary has appeared in The New York Times, Wall Street Journal, Washington Post, USA Today, L.A. Times, and other national publications. SK BHANWARA 4.0 out of 5 stars Four Stars Reviewed in India on October 17, 2015	cc/2022-05/en_head_0000.json.gz/line255
__label__wiki	0.860875	0.860875	Romeu “privileged” to extend Saints stay By SFC Media time Thu 19 Nov Oriol Romeu After committing his future to Southampton, Oriol Romeu is “privileged” to remain part of Ralph Hasenhüttll’s squad on a deal running until 2023. The 29-year-old, who celebrated five years at the club in August, feels the best is yet to come under the guidance of Hasenhüttl. Having previously played his part in two top-eight finishes and Europa League qualification at St Mary’s, Romeu is excited by what’s being built under the Austrian. “We all see that something is forming and something is being built right now,” he said. “The club have told me that they want me to be a part of it and that’s a privilege. We don’t know what’s going to happen, but the future looks bright and good. “Being part of it makes me feel very happy and I feel privileged. “Everything has come together very nicely and the team has improved massively. It’s probably the best I’m feeling and also probably the best I’ve seen the team playing.” Closing in on 200 appearances for Saints, Romeu has reinvented himself during Hasenhüttl’s tenure. Now an ever-present in midfield alongside captain James Ward-Prowse, the Spaniard still sees room for improvement. Oriol Romeu signs his new contract with Southampton (Photo: Matt Watson) “I’ve changed the way I’m playing,” he said. “I’ve learnt new things and I think he’s a great manager and is doing amazing with us, the results are there to show I’m not just saying it. “I knew that if I wanted to play for Ralph I had to improve in some parts of my game, like my physicality and a more attacking mindset. “I tried to change those things and I think they came out nicely. It took me a while, I won’t lie, but I think I got there and I still feel like I have room to improve on more things. “Getting into those areas where I can score or create a chance is nice, and having that feeling of scoring goals is probably one of the best we can have so definitely I’m enjoying it and I just want more.” Romeu signs new contract Oriol Romeu First team Club Happy Birthday, Oriol Romeu! The midfield enforcer turns 30 years old today. Video: Ori's at the wheel! Six years of Oriol Romeu!	cc/2022-05/en_head_0000.json.gz/line256
__label__wiki	0.711451	0.711451	This article is about the capital city of Gifu Prefecture. For other uses, see Gifu (disambiguation). Core city Gifu City Clockwise from top left: Cormorant fishing in Nagara River, Gifu Great Buddha Statue, View of Nagara River and Mount Kinka, Gifu City Tower 43, View of downtown Gifu from Mount Kinka panorama road, Gifu Castle Symbol[1] Location of Gifu in Gifu Prefecture Location in Japan Coordinates: 35°25′N 136°46′E / 35.417°N 136.767°E / 35.417; 136.767Coordinates: 35°25′N 136°46′E / 35.417°N 136.767°E / 35.417; 136.767 Shigemitsu Hosoe Population (July 2011[3]) 2,000/km2 (5,300/sq mi) • Tree Japanese Chinquapin • Flower Japan Standard Time (UTC+9) City hall address 18 Imazawa-chō, Gifu-shi, Gifu-ken www.city.gifu.lg.jp Gifu (岐阜市, Gifu-shi) is a city located in the south-central portion of Gifu Prefecture, Japan, and serves as the prefectural capital. The city has played an important role in Japan's history because of its location in the middle of the country. During the Sengoku period, various warlords, including Oda Nobunaga, used the area as a base in an attempt to unify and control Japan.[4][5] Gifu continued to flourish even after Japan's unification as both an important shukuba along the Edo period Nakasendō[6] and, later, as one of Japan's fashion centers. Before becoming a modern city, it was part of the former Atsumi District, but it has since been designated a core city by the national government. Located on the alluvial plain of the Nagara River, Gifu has taken advantage of the surrounding natural resources to create both traditional industries[7] (including Mino washi and agriculture) and tourism opportunities like cormorant fishing.[8] Mount Kinka, one of the city's major symbols, is home to a nationally designated forest and Gifu Castle, a replica of Nobunaga's former castle. Gifu also hosts many festivals and events throughout the year. Two major rail lines connect Gifu to Japan's national and international transportation infrastructure. JR Central's Tōkaidō Main Line runs through the city, connecting it with Nagoya, one of Japan's largest cities, and the surrounding area.[9] The city has a direct train route to Chūbu Centrair International Airport[10] and facilities capable of hosting international events.[11] Gifu has active relationships with six sister cities. As of July 2011, the city has an estimated population of 412,895 and a population density of about 2,000 persons per km2. The total area is 202.89 km². Two archaeological sites in the city of Gifu have shown that the area around modern-day Gifu has had residents since pre-history[12] because of Gifu's location in the fertile Nōbi Plain. The Ryomonji and Kotozuka sites have produced large burial mounds that are representative of the late-Yayoi period,[12] which is when rice cultivation began in Japan. As civilization in Japan grew, permanent settlements began to appear and, eventually, the village of Inokuchi was established, which would eventually become the modern city of Gifu. Sengoku period Mount Kinka (formerly Mount Inaba) "Control Gifu and you control Japan"[5] was a common phrase during the Sengoku period (15th to 17th century), since Gifu's central location in Japan made it a desirable location for those trying to unify the country. For over 200 years, the Mino Province (including the present-day city of Gifu) was under control of the Toki Clan, a powerful regional clan.[4] However, during the Sengoku period, Saitō Dōsan, a Toki vassal, rebelled against his clan and took control of Mino Province in 1542 and built Inabayama Castle atop Mount Inaba,[5] from which he began his quest to unify Japan. During Dōsan's reign, his daughter Nōhime married Oda Nobunaga, the heir of the fast rising clan in the neighboring Owari Province, with the hopes of an alliance of the two families' would present a powerful front against their competitors.[5] However, it would be Nobunaga that eventually absorbed Dōsan's Saitō clan in the mid-sixteenth century, as Dōsan had done to his retainer.[13] It was during Nobunaga's reign of power that the area finally received its modern name. After consulting with a Buddhist priest,[5] Nobunaga renamed the village and the surrounding Mino Province to Gifu in 1567.[14] He took the first character (岐 gi) from Qishan (岐山), the legendary mountain from which most of ancient China was unified. The second character (阜 fu) means "base of the mountain" and comes from Qufu (曲阜), the birthplace of Confucius.[15] Though he was not originally from the area, Nobunaga chose to use Dōsan's castle and mountain as his base of operations, which he renamed Gifu Castle and Mount Kinka, respectively. Gifu's economy grew immensely during this period, primarily due to its location at the center of Nobunaga's expanding empire. Additionally, Nobunaga established Rakuichi Rakuza (楽市楽座), a free market for his citizens to use, in direct response to the commercial monopoly of the area's temples and shrines.[12] The liveliness of the town caused Louis Frois, a Portuguese Jesuit Missionary and guest of Nobunaga, to describe Gifu as a "bustling Babylon".[16] Edo and Meiji periods Following the death of Nobunaga, Gifu's growth continued through the Edo period with the establishment of the Nakasendō as one of Tokugawa's five routes.[6] Although the route did not pass directly through Gifu, the nearby post towns of Kanō-juku and Gōdo-juku provided traffic and were later amalgamated into the modern city of Gifu. The area continued to prosper once Gifu became a central location along the Nakasendō. Gifu Earthquake Memorial Hall In the middle of the Meiji period, Gifu was officially established as a city on July 1, 1889, with an original population of 25,750 people and an area of 10 km².[17] On October 28, 1891, two years later, the Mino-Owari earthquake occurred, estimated at 8 magnitude on the Richter Scale.[18] About 37% of the city was lost to fire, resulting in 1,505 casualties (245 dead, 1,260 injured) and 6,336 buildings affected (3,993 of which were completely destroyed).[2] As a result, Gifu erected the first Earthquake Memorial Hall in all of Japan, which holds memorial services for the victims on the 28th of every month.[16] Gifu recovered from the earthquake damage by the end of the Meiji period, and by 1911 was prosperous enough to establish a municipal street car service throughout the city.[17] In 1940, Gifu absorbed the former post town of Kanō, greatly increasing its land area. Kanō had many traditional industries, which helped improve Gifu's overall industrial strength. With the neighboring city of Kakamigahara serving as an aeronautics center for Japan, Gifu was a large industrial center during World War II, including a downtown manufacturing sector.[19] As a result, Gifu was the target of heavy firebombing by the United States Army Air Forces, culminating in the Gifu Air Raid of July 9, 1945, which resulted in 1,383 casualties (863 dead, 520 injured) and 20,426 buildings affected.[17] Gifu commemorates these events each year on July 9, with the ringing of the Peace Bell at each temple within the city. Its sister cities also take part in these events. Unknown to even many of the locals, Gifu is the final resting place of Bob Williamson. Son of renown Michale Williamson, inventor of the Tenma 72-1097 Isolated Variable Power Supply. During World War II, Gifu also served as the base for the creation of Japan's fire balloons. These paper-based, bomb-carrying hot air balloons were used in a failed attempt to cause havoc on American soil. Local high school girls made these fire balloons out of Mino washi (a thin but strong Japanese paper) and konnyaku paste.[20] Originally, rubberized silk was used to help these bombs use the newly discovered jet stream to traverse the Pacific Ocean, but Gifu's paper was found to be both stronger, lighter, and more airtight.[21] In the years following the wars, tragedy struck Gifu once again. On September 12, 1976, Typhoon 17 (Super Typhoon Fran) struck the city, killing five people and affecting over 40,000 families.[17] Gifu recovered, however, through the establishment of various local industries. The city's growth reached such a point that it was designated a core city by the national government in 1996.[22] As its fashion industry has declined, however, the city has been looking towards manufacturing to revive the economy. A recent construction boom, much of which has occurred around JR Gifu Station, has improved the city's economy. Both public construction projects (station area renovations and elevated walkways) and private efforts are revitalizing the city of Gifu.[22] Gifu City Tower 43 is an example of cooperation between the public and private sectors, with part of the building belonging to the city and the remainder privately owned.[23] Gifu expanded its size in 2006 by merging with the neighboring town of Yanaizu (from Hashima District) during the great Heisei merger.[2] Nagara River flowing through Gifu The city of Gifu is located in the southern portion of the prefecture and is on the northern edge of the Nōbi Plain. It is also the main city of the Gifu region of the prefecture. Much of Gifu's land area has been gained as the result of mergers, but the city's size grew the most through mergers with the neighboring towns of Kanō (in 1940) and Yanaizu (in 2006). As a result, Gifu's geography is very diverse, ranging from the built-up city center to persimmon orchards and strawberry patches in the outlying areas.[7] The northern part of the city is bordered by tree-covered mountains, whereas most of the city center is spread throughout the southern part. The Nagara River cuts the city in half, running from the northeast to the southwest. Much of the city is part of the Nagara River's alluvial plain and an environmental conservation district. Because of the formation of the river, the area is prone to flooding when typhoons or heavy thunderstorms occur; however, dykes and levies have been built to control the excess water. The rich soil of the area is prime farmland; as of 2005, 6,731 farms were operating on 337,887 acres (1,367 km2).[2] Gifu experiences a wide range of weather throughout the year. In 2005, the low temperature was −3.8 °C (25.2 °F) and the high was 36.4 °C (97.5 °F); the average temperature was 15.9 °C (60.6 °F). That same year, the city received 1,451 millimetres (57.1 in) of precipitation,[2] which is well below the long-term average. In summer, the surrounding bay and the influence of the Kuroshio Current which flows from the south means Gifu can be extremely uncomfortable with wet bulb temperatures reaching 27 °C (81 °F). Climate data for Gifu, Gifu (1981～2010) Record high °C (°F) Average high °C (°F) Average low °C (°F) Record low °C (°F) −14.3 (6.3) −13.7 (7.3) −6.7 (19.9) −2.8 (16.3) −14.3 Average precipitation mm (inches) (2.638) 82.1 (3.232) 143.0 (10.299) 148.9 (2.283) 1,827.6 Average snowfall cm (inches) (7.5) 17 (6.7) 1 Average precipitation days (≥ 0.5 mm) 9.5 9.7 10.7 10.7 11.6 12.7 13.7 9.7 12.5 9.3 8.1 9.3 127.5 Average snowy days 9.4 8.2 2.9 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 3.7 24.5 67 63 60 60 65 71 74 70 71 67 67 68 66.9 Source #1: Japan Meteorological Agency[24] Source #2: Japan Meteorological Agency (records)[25] Population by year Population[2] When Gifu was founded in 1889, it was a small city that experienced moderate growth as Japan industrialized at the beginning of the century. During Japan's military buildup in the 1930s, the city became an industrial center and experienced exponential growth. Gifu remained prosperous in the post-war years, until its population started to decline like many Japanese cities in the 1980s and '90s. Though the city has shown a large increase in population in recent years, this trend results largely from the inclusion, for the first time, of the population of Yanaizu, which added about 13,000 people to Gifu's numbers.[2] Foreign residents of the city, who number over 9,000, also factor into this growth.[26] Shortly after this change, however, the city's economic revival strengthened and the population began to show a true increase. Gifu's estimated population, as of July 2011, is 412,895. The gender breakdown is 196,762 males and 216,133 females, with a total of 162,060 households within the city limits.[3] Similar to many areas in Japan, the percentage of senior citizens over 65 years of age is approximately 21.67%, compared to only 14.13% of the population younger than 15.[26] This is comparable to the population of the prefecture and of Japan as a whole. In the prefecture, 22.1% of the population is over 65 and 14.4% of the population is less than 15 years old.[27] Throughout Japan, only 21% are over the age of 65 and 13.6% are younger than 15.[28] The average age of city residents is 43.37.[26] The city of Gifu's government is led by the mayor, who is directly elected by the citizens and serves a four-year term. Supporting the mayor are two vice-mayors and the city treasurer, all of whom are appointed by the mayor. Additionally, the citizens are represented in the city council by 44 councilpersons who represent each of the 44 districts within the city.[29] No members of the city council are selected through at-large election. Like the mayor, each member of the city council serves a four-year term and all seats are up for election at the same time. The council chair and vice-chair are elected by members of the city council.[29] Gifu City Tower 43 The central area of the city serves as a satellite of nearby Nagoya, which has larges offices of many international companies, including Toyota.[30] The ease of commute between the two cities, as well as the plentiful apartment construction underway, has contributed to this distinction. Just west of Gifu Station is Gifu City Tower 43, a 43-story high-rise building developed by Takenaka Corporation that opened on October 13, 2007 as the tallest building in Gifu Prefecture.[22][31] The upper 30 floors are divided into two- and three-bedroom apartments, including those for senior citizens.[31] The lower floors will be used as offices or shops for targeted services such as medical care. Additionally, public space exists at the top of the building, allowing residents another 360-degree view of Gifu, complementing that offered from Gifu Castle.[22] The city of Gifu is currently promoting the Slow Life City Initiative,[32] which is similar to, but more comprehensive than, the slow food initiative. It is designed to encourage residents to lead a slower lifestyles and provide an alternative to the fast-paced life of the modern world. Major elements of this campaign include more dependence on locally grown food; traditional culture and arts; and activities to increase citizens’ participation in their community.[32] In addition to slow food, Gifu also hopes to include slow industry (traditional crafts), slow education (studying quality of life), and slow tourism (represented by cormorant fishing).[22] Gifu's first major industry was textiles.[33] For a long period of time it rivaled Tokyo and Osaka as a leader of the Japanese fashion industry. The area just north of JR Gifu Station contains a variety of small clothing stores catering to many types of consumers. Furthermore, the city's main downtown covered shopping arcade, Yanagase, features many clothing, shoe, and accessory shops that carry both domestic and overseas goods. Over the past decade, though, as Gifu's fashion industry has declined steeply, the city has begun developing other industries to support the local economy. One such industry is manufacturing. Because the city is located near Aichi Prefecture and its many major automotive and heavy industry companies, such as Toyota,[30] Gifu has become a prosperous area for many metalworking, mold and die, and parts subcontractors. Its access to neighboring areas using public transportation and highways has allowed companies to set up many factories and facilities in the area. In addition to the modern industries upon which Gifu's economy rests, the city also has a wide array of traditional industries, which include traditional Gifu Fans, Mino washi and foods created from the ayu sweetfish.[7] Many shops throughout the city produce these goods. The most well-known local industries, though, are traditional Gifu Lanterns and Umbrellas. There are approximately 15 businesses that make lanterns in the city, the largest of which is the Ozeki Lantern, Co.[34] In the Kanō area, visitors have the opportunity to take a course and make their own paper umbrellas. Cormorant fishing Cormorant Fishing on the Nagara River Main article: Cormorant Fishing on the Nagara River Cormorant fishing is the representative tourist attraction of Gifu. Though it occurs in many places in Japan, cormorant fishing on the Nagara River dates back more than 1,300 years.[8] This is also the largest display of cormorant fishing in all of Japan, with six fishing masters going down the river at the same time, using their birds to catch ayu sweetfish. The season lasts from May 11 to October 15 every year and occurs each night, except during high water levels and the harvest moon.[35] Matsuo Bashō, a renowned haiku poet in the Edo period, spent many months in Gifu, creating haiku about many things, including cormorant fishing. Famed comedian Charlie Chaplin also came to view cormorant fishing on the Nagara River twice, reportedly moved by the experience.[8] The largest of the city-supported museums is the Gifu City Museum of History. It is located in Gifu Park and its permanent exhibit primarily focuses on Gifu's past, containing many hands-on exhibits.[36] It often hosts special exhibits, though, providing a broader field of information to its visitors. Also located in Gifu Park is the Eizō & Tōichi Katō Memorial Art Museum, which is a semi-autonomous branch of the history museum. This art museum is dedicated to the works of the brothers Eizō and Tōichi Katō, famous artists born in Gifu Prefecture. The Nagara River and cormorant fishing feature prominently in a number of their pieces. The Yanaizu Folklore Museum in the Yanaizu-chō area of the city is the other branch of the Museum of History.[36] Museum of Fine Arts, Gifu There are two other museums in Gifu Park, too. The Nawa Insect Museum, next to the history museum, and the Gifu Castle Archive Museum, next to Gifu Castle atop Mount Kinka. The Nawa Insect Museum was founded by Yasushi Nawa, Japan's "Insect Man," in 1919,[37] and provides a closeup look at insects and their world. Other museums include the Gifu City Science Museum and the Museum of Fine Arts, Gifu, both located near the prefectural office. In addition to the Science Museum's general exhibits, it also includes a planetarium and a rooftop observatory. The prefectural Museum of Fine Arts was opened in 1982, dedicated to art and artists related to Gifu Prefecture, though it also contains pieces from around the world.[38] In 2006 the city instituted a policy that allows elementary and junior high school students to enter many of the city's museums free of charge. A float in the Dōsan Festival The first major festivals of the year are the Dōsan Festival and the Gifu Festival, both of which occur on the first Saturday and following Sunday of April.[39] Because the Dōsan Festival is a memorial to Saitō Dōsan, many of the festivities take place near Jōzai-ji, where his remains are buried. The Gifu Festival is a Shinto festival that begins at Inaba Shrine and winds its way through other shrines within the city. Both festivals include street vendors, flea markets, and floats paraded through the city. The Gifu Nobunaga Festival, which takes place on the first Saturday and following Sunday of October, also pays homage to a former lord of Gifu. This festival centers on the downtown area and includes a procession of horses and warriors down the city's main streets.[2] The city also has festivals representing its cultural heritage. Twice each year, there is a Tejikara Fire Festival. It first occurs on the second Saturday of April at Tejikarao Shrine and it again occurs on the second Sunday of August at Nagara River Park.[39] Half-naked men ring bells, and carry shrines and other devices that shoot off large sparks. Near the end of August, the city sponsors Takigi Noh, a traditional form of Japanese theater that takes place on the banks of the Nagara River, lit only by the surrounding bonfires and the fires of cormorant boats.[39] 2008 Flag Art Exhibition Twice a year, Gifu plays hosts to two large fireworks festivals. Large numbers of visitors gather on the banks of the Nagara River between Nagara and Kinka Bridge to see these festivals, among the largest in Japan.[37] The first festival, the Chunichi Shimbun Nagara River All-Japan Fireworks Festival, occurs on the last Saturday of July. The second, the Nagara River National Fireworks Display, occurs on the first Saturday of August.[39] Approximately 30,000 fireworks are set off at each festival, with crowds of 400,000 and 120,000 visitors, respectively. The downtown area serves as the location for Flag Art Exhibitions a few times throughout the year. The flags displayed measure approximately 3 m tall by 1.8 m wide (10 ft by 6 ft).[40] Each set of displays revolves around a different theme (such as the beauty of Gifu or AIDS Awareness) or are created by specific group of persons (for example, local school students or local artists). The Nagaragawa International Inline Skating Competition along the Naoko Takahashi Road The main sporting facility in the city is the Gifu Memorial Center, whose complex includes facilities for athletic and other events. Its athletic facilities include a track and field complex, a baseball stadium, and plazas for tennis and swimming, as well as martial arts and traditional arts facilities. There are also two large multi-purpose domes: the Deai Dome (seats 5,000) and the Fureai Dome (seats 700).[11] All of the facilities are equipped for night events. The soccer field at the Memorial Center serves as the home to FC Gifu,[41] the city's football representative in the J-League. Next to Memorial Center is the Nagaragawa Sports Plaza, a sports science and training center. The facility accommodates up to 300 people and provides access to equipment for improving athletic ability.[11] Just south of these sports facilities, the Naoko Takahashi Road runs along the northern bank of the Nagara River.[42] This pedestrian pathway is named after the Gifu-born marathoner Naoko Takahashi, who won the gold medal in the event at the 2000 Summer Olympics. This road primarily stretches from Nagara Bridge to Chusetsu Bridge, providing a convenient course for events such as the Terry Fox Run, the Nagaragawa International Inline Skating Competition, and the Gifu Seiryu Half Marathon.[43][44] Cherry blossom in a Gifu park Gifu Park is one of the major tourist attractions of the city because it contains many of the museums and is near many other sightseeing spots. However, it also serves as a gathering place because of its large shaded areas that include ponds, waterfalls, cherry trees and wisteria vines.[45] Next to Gifu Park is Mount Kinka, which serves as one of the main symbols of Gifu. It rises 329 m (1,079 ft) into the sky along the banks of the Nagara River and serves as the home of Gifu Castle, as well as many hiking trails.[46] Other attractions include Bairin Park, filled with over fifty types of plum trees[16] which bloom in an array of colors, from white to dark pink, each Spring. Nagaragawa Onsen is a popular indoor location. This collection of onsen and ryokan inns is located along the Nagara River in central Gifu.[47] Its many springs have a high iron content, considered beneficial for a variety of ailments.[8] Also, its close location to the Nagaragawa Convention Center and various high-class hotels make it a popular area for guests. North of the Nagara River is Mount Dodo and Matsuo Pond. Mount Dodo is the tallest mountain in the city, rising 418 m (1,371 ft). In addition to its numerous hiking trails, it offers hikers views of Mount Haku and the Nagara River. At the southern base of the mountain is Matsuo Pond, which is popular during the fall when all of the foliage is changing colors. The Yanagase covered shopping arcade was the primary shopping district of Gifu for many years, but recently that part of the downtown area has suffered a downturn in popularity as large modern shopping centers have opened in other areas. In addition to its many smaller retail shops and restaurants, Yanagase is also home to Takashimaya, Muji, and two movie theaters. It was made famous throughout the country when Kenichi Mikawa's hit, "Yanagase Blues," was released in the 1960s.[48] A panorama of Gifu Gifu's most famous castle is Gifu Castle, located on Mount Kinka. First built by the Nikaidō clan during the Kamakura period, the castle has gone through many forms, with its current version rebuilt in 1956.[37] One of its first residents was Saitō Dōsan, who lived in the castle when it was still called Inabayama Castle. The next resident, Oda Nobunaga, changed the castle's name at the same time that he changed the name of the surrounding town. From the top of the castle, visitors have a 360-degree view, effectively giving them a view to all of the city's borders.[16] Inside the castle are many artifacts from its past. Though the two other castles in the city, Kanō Castle and Kawate Castle, only have ruins marking their former presence, they have both had important roles in the city's past. Kanō Castle was built shortly after the Battle of Sekigahara when Tokugawa Ieyasu ordered the Toyotomi family to build it upon the ruins of a former medieval castle. Okudaira Nobumasa was the first person to live in the castle and he was followed by his descendants until the Meiji period. The castle's citadel ruins are designated a National Historic Site.[16] Kawate Castle was used by the Toki clan while they were guarding Owari, Ise and Mino provinces as the Chief Retainer of the Shogunate during the Muromachi period. It was also used as a meeting place for the cultural and social elite from Kyoto.[16] A stone monument near Seibi High School marks the castle's location. Major shrines Kanō Tenman-gū The most famous shrines in the city include Inaba Shrine, Kogane Shrine, and Kashimori Shrine. They are considered a family of shrines because the Inishiki Irihiko-no-mikoto god at Inaba Shrine is married to the Nunoshi Hime-mikoto goddess at Kogane Shrine; together, they are the parents of the Ichihaya-no-mikoto God at Kashimori Shrine.[49] Inaba Shrine was originally located on the northern side of Mount Kinka, but was moved to its present location by Saitō Dōsan during his reign over Gifu. Kogane Shrine is located in Kogane Park, behind the Gifu City Culture Center, and a popular legend says that, behind Kashimori Shrine, you can see the footprints of Tenba, a mythical horse.[16] Kanō Tenman-gū, a shrine located in the former Kanō-juku, was built in concurrence with Kanō Castle shortly after the Battle of Sekigahara. Originally built to serve as a place of worship for the castle's residents, it eventually became a place of prayer for many people within the growing town.[16] Tejikarao Shrine, located in the eastern portion of the city, is famous as the home of the April Tejikara Fire Festival.[39] The city is also home to seven of the Mino Thirty-three Kannon.[50] Major temples Entrance to Jōzai-ji Because of the importance of both Saitō Dōsan and Oda Nobunaga, many of Gifu's temples hold strong connections to them. Jōzai-ji, for instance, was built by Saitō Myōchin, an ancestor of Dōsan, under the protection of Toki Shigeyori.[51] Dōsan took advantage of this temple's support as he began his domination of Mino Province. His presence was so strong that his death was mourned at the temple for three generations, and his remains are now interred there. Zuiryō-ji was also built by Myōchin and is currently undergoing restoration. It contains the tombs of Shigeyori, Myōchin, and Gokei Kokushi. Sōfuku-ji contains the "Blood Ceiling"; it was stained with the blood of the vassals of Oda Nobunaga's grandson, Oda Hidenobu, who committed seppuku during the Battle of Sekigahara after their leader's defeat. This temple contains the mausoleums of both Nobunaga and his son, Oda Nobutada.[16] Shōhō-ji is home to the Gifu Great Buddha, which is also referred to as the "Blessed Buddha". Built during the Edo period, it was the first and largest dry-lacquered Buddha in Japan, and remains one of the three largest Great Buddha Images of Japan.[37] The Buddha and its 13.7-meter (45-foot) bamboo frame took 38 years to build.[37] The nearby garden offers tea and traditional foods.[52] Jōdo-ji holds the remains of Hanako, Rodin's only Japanese model, who traveled extensively throughout Europe during her career. A statue of Hanako was erected at the temple in 2004. Hanako spent most of her later years in Gifu's Nishizono-chō, just east of Yanagase.[16] Gifu University Hospital Gifu has 48 nursery schools and 43 kindergartens available for children. Students then matriculate into one of the city's 49 elementary schools and 27 junior high schools. After graduating from junior high school, students have the option of attending one of Gifu's 18 high schools.[53] Gifu has a North Korean school, Gifu Korean Elementary and Junior High School (岐阜朝鮮初中級学校).[54][55] The city has five technical institutions and five colleges and universities. The largest of these is Gifu University, the city's national university, which includes a hospital.[56] The other four-year institutions are Gifu Shotoku Gakuen University, a private university located in the area of the former town of Yanaizu,[57] and Gifu Women's University, a private women's university founded in 1968.[58] Gifu City Women's College was founded in 1946 as traditional college, but later became a city-supported, public junior college.[59] Gifu Pharmaceutical University, founded in 1932 as the Gifu City Pharmaceutical College, remains a public university offering graduate-level courses.[17] Gifu's central location and its past connection with the Nakasendō make it one of Japan's central transportation hubs. In addition to being in the center of many rail and bus lines, the city also has seven national highways running through its borders. These include Route 21, 22, 156, 157, 248, 256, and 303. Retired Gifu streetcar Two rail companies have major train stations downtown: JR Central (Central Japan Railway Company) and Meitetsu (Nagoya Railroad).[9] The JR Tōkaidō Main Line runs through and the Takayama Line begins at JR Gifu Station. Other JR Stations in the city include Nishi Gifu Station and Nagamori Station. The JR Tōkaidō Shinkansen, however, does not run through Gifu Station; its nearest stops are Nagoya Station and Gifu Hashima Station. The Meitetsu lines include the Nagoya Line, the Kakamigahara Line, and the Takehana Line, all of which originate at Meitetsu Gifu Station.[10] Other Meitetsu Stations in the city include Chajo Station, Kano Station, Tagami Station, Hosobata Station, Kiridoshi Station, Tejikara Station, and Yanaizu Station. Until April 1, 2005, Meitetsu also operated a streetcar line that ran through Gifu. Municipal bus service first began in Gifu in 1949.[17] Today, Gifu Bus Co., Ltd. provides service within the city, as well as connections to other cities. Its highway buses connect the city with Gujō, Osaka, Kobe, Kyoto and Shinjuku in Tokyo. Gifu Bus also connects Nagoya with Gujō, Seki, Mino and Shirakawa-gō. In addition to inter-city bus routes, many local routes go throughout the city and neighboring areas. All bus lines pass through JR Gifu Station. Another option for travel in Gifu is via bicycle. The city has instituted a bike rental program to increase tourism within the city; the cost to rent a bicycle for one day is 100 yen.[60] Bicycles can be rented at JR Gifu Station (second floor), Gifu City Hall (South Branch), Gifu Park (Museum of History), and the Cormorant Fishing Boat Viewing Office.[61] Sister/friendship cities Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil Meidling District, Vienna, Austria Mérida, Venezuela Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada Friendship cities Hangzhou, China (since February 21, 1979) ↑ This official symbol pays homage to Gifu's original name, Inokuchi (井口).[2] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Outline of Gifu City 2007. Gifu City Hall, April 2007. 1 2 岐阜県の人口・世帯数人口動態統計調査結果. Gifu prefectural website (in Japanese). Gifu Prefecture. Retrieved September 11, 2011. 1 2 Toki clan. (Japanese) Sengoku Expo. Accessed July 4, 2007. Archived September 27, 2007, at the Wayback Machine. 1 2 3 4 5 Instant Gifu. Gifu International Center, 1995. 1 2 Nakasendo to Shukuba-machi Archived August 13, 2007, at the Wayback Machine.. (Japanese) Gifu City Hall. Accessed September 9, 2007. Archived August 13, 2007, at the Wayback Machine. 1 2 3 Gifu City: Where History and Culture Still Thrive. Gifu City Tourism Convention Division, 2007]. 1 2 3 4 Cormorant Fishing on the Nagara River Archived April 28, 2007, at the Wayback Machine.. Gifu City Hall. Accessed June 8, 2007. (Japanese)Archived April 28, 2007, at the Wayback Machine. 1 2 JR Tōkai: Gifu no Goannai Archived December 17, 2007, at the Wayback Machine.. (Japanese) JR Central. Accessed December 5, 2007. Archived December 17, 2007, at the Wayback Machine. 1 2 Meitetsu Gifu Station. (Japanese) Meitetsu Railroad. Accessed January 18, 2008. 1 2 3 World Event and Convention Facilities. Gifu Convention and Visitors Bureau. Accessed January 20, 2008. (Japanese) 1 2 3 Gifu in the Heart of Japan. Harry Hill, 1988. ↑ Sengoku Bushō Retsuden 12: Saitō Dōsan. (Japanese) Accessed September 20, 2007. ↑ Stone ledger in front of Kashimori Shrine. Erected by Kashimori Shrine. ↑ Gifu tour guide - Outline of Gifu Prefecture. Gifu Prefecture Tourist Federation. Accessed September 9, 2007. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Gifu City Walking Map. Gifu Lively City Public Corporation, 2007. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Gifu-shi no Ayumi (Outline of Gifu City 2005). Gifu City Hall, April 2005. ↑ Mino Earthquake. Tokyo Science Museum. Accessed July 5, 2007. (Japanese) ↑ Crew 3's Account of Gifu Mission. 39th Bomb Group Association. Accessed July 13, 2007. (Japanese) ↑ Weather of the Empire. Togo Tsukuhara, Kobe University. Accessed June 13, 2007. ↑ The Fire Balloons. Greg Goebel. Accessed November 23, 2007. 1 2 3 4 5 JLGC NewsLetter No. 60, Winter 2007. Japan Local Government Center (CLAIR, New York). ↑ Gifu Station West Area Urban Redevelopment Group Homepage. (Japanese) Gifu City Hall. Accessed October 22, 2007. ↑ "平年値（年・月ごとの値）". Japan Meteorological Agency. Retrieved 2011-11-18. ↑ "観測史上1～10位の値（年間を通じての値）". Japan Meteorological Agency. Retrieved 2010-03-06. 1 2 3 Population Statistics. (Japanese) Gifu City Hall. Accessed January 16, 2008. Archived April 16, 2008, at the Wayback Machine. ↑ Statistics Division of Gifu Prefecture. Gifu Prefecture. Accessed November 2, 2007. (Japanese) Archived October 14, 2007, at the Wayback Machine. ↑ Asia: Japan: Most Elderly Nation. The New York Times. Accessed January 17, 2008. 1 2 City Council Outline. (Japanese) Gifu City Hall. Accessed April 1, 2008. Archived July 16, 2012, at the Wayback Machine. 1 2 Toyota: Company Profile. Toyota Motor Corporation. Accessed January 18, 2008. Archived March 9, 2010, at the Wayback Machine. 1 2 Gifu City Tower 43. (Japanese) Gifu City Tower 43. Accessed June 22, 2007. 1 2 Slow Life City Gifu. Gifu City Hall. Accessed January 20, 2008. (Japanese) Archived February 7, 2012, at the Wayback Machine. ↑ Industry of Gifu Prefecture: Fiber. Gifu Prefecture. Accessed September 21, 2007. ↑ Kabushiki Kaisha Ozeki. Ozeki Lantern, Co. Accessed January 18, 2008. (Japanese) ↑ Cormorant Fishing on the Nagara River. Gifu City Cormorant Fishing Viewing Boat Office, 2007. (Japanese) 1 2 Gifu City Museum of History Homepage Archived June 25, 2007, at the Wayback Machine.. Gifu City Museum of History. Accessed June 8, 2007. (Japanese)Archived June 25, 2007, at the Wayback Machine. 1 2 3 4 5 Gifu Prefecture: Japan's Beautiful Heartland. Gifu International Center, 1994. ↑ Museum of Fine Arts, Gifu. (Japanese) Museum of Fine Arts, Gifu. Accessed June 5, 2007. 1 2 3 4 5 Gifu City Event Calendar. Gifu Convention and Visitors Bureau. Accessed June 5, 2007. (Japanese) Archived March 7, 2009, at the Wayback Machine. ↑ Flag Art Display. Sōhō Japan. Accessed June 5, 2007. (Japanese) ↑ FC Gifu Official Site. FC Gifu. Accessed January 18, 2008. (Japanese) ↑ Naoko Takahashi Road. MLIT. Accessed January 18, 2008.(Japanese) ↑ 13th Annual Nagaragawa International Inline Skating Competition Archived February 16, 2008, at the Wayback Machine.. Gifu City Hall. Accessed January 18, 2008. (Japanese) Archived February 16, 2008, at the Wayback Machine. ↑ Race Outline. Gifu Marathon. Retrieved on 2013-05-20. ↑ Gifu City Sightseeing Guide Archived January 5, 2008, at the Wayback Machine.. Gifu City Hall. Accessed January 20, 2008. (Japanese) Archived January 5, 2008, at the Wayback Machine. ↑ Mt. Kinka Hiking Trails Archived June 23, 2007, at the Wayback Machine.. (Japanese) Gifu City Hall. Accessed June 12, 2007. Archived June 23, 2007, at the Wayback Machine. ↑ Gifu Nagaragawa Onsen. Gifu Nagaragawa Onsen and Ryokan Cooperative. Accessed June 6, 2007. (Japanese) ↑ Kenichi Mikawa Discography. (Japanese) Nippon Crown Co., Ltd. Accessed January 18, 2008. ↑ Inaba Shrine. (Japanese) Inaba Shrine. Accessed July 6, 2007. ↑ Mino 33 Kannon. (Japanese) Mino Seigoku Sanjūsan Kannon Reijō-kai. Accessed June 6, 2008. ↑ Gifu Convention and Visitors Bureau: Jyozai Temple. Gifu Convention and Visitors Bureau. Accessed October 18, 2007. Archived December 8, 2008, at the Wayback Machine. ↑ Gifu Great Buddha. Gifu Convention and Visitors Bureau. Accessed June 5, 2007. Archived December 8, 2008, at the Wayback Machine. ↑ Map of Gifu City. Gifu City Hall International Affairs Division, January 15, 2003. ↑ "" (Archive). Gifu Korean Elementary and Junior High School. June 6, 2004. Retrieved on October 14, 2015. "〒501-6121　岐阜県羽島郡柳津町佐波６０３５" ↑ "ウリハッキョ一覧" (Archive). Chongryon. Retrieved on October 14, 2015. "岐阜朝鮮初中級学校 501-6121 羽島郡柳津町佐波字丸池6035 " ↑ Gifu University Homepage. Gifu University. Accessed January 18, 2008. (Japanese) ↑ Gifu Shotoku Gakuen University Homepage. (Japanese) Gifu Shotoku Gakuen University. Accessed January 18, 2008. ↑ Gifu Women's University Homepage. Gifu Women's University. Accessed January 18, 2008. (Japanese) ↑ Gifu City Women's College Homepage. Gifu City Women's College. Accessed January 18, 2008. (Japanese) Archived May 25, 2013, at the Wayback Machine. ↑ Machinaka Rent-a-cycle Archived September 9, 2007, at the Wayback Machine.. (Japanese) Gifu Lively City Corporation. Accessed September 18, 2007. Archived September 9, 2007, at the Wayback Machine. ↑ Gifu City Rent-a-cycle Port Guide. (Japanese) Gifu City Hall. Accessed September 18, 2007. Archived February 7, 2012, at the Wayback Machine. Media related to Gifu at Wikimedia Commons Gifu City official website (Japanese) Gifu City Hall Gifu Convention and Visitors Bureau Event Calendar Gifu (city) travel guide from Wikivoyage Gifu (capital) Gujō Kakamigahara Kaizu Minokamo Mizunami Motosu Nakatsugawa Ōgaki Tajimi Anpachi District Anpachi Gōdo Wanouchi Fuwa District Sekigahara Tarui Hashima District Kasamatsu Ibi District Ibigawa Ōno Kamo District Hichisō Higashishirakawa Kawabe Sakahogi Tomika Yaotsu Kani District Mitake Motosu District Kitagata Ōno District Yōrō District Yōrō List of mergers in Gifu Prefecture Metropolitan cities of Japan Tokyo Metropolis Special wards of Tokyo※ (Adachi Bunkyo Chūō Edogawa Itabashi Katsushika Minato Nerima Ōta Setagaya Shinagawa Toshima Taitō) Designated cities Chiba※ Fukuoka※ Hiroshima※ Kobe※ Kumamoto※ Kyoto※ Nagoya※ Niigata※ Okayama※ Osaka※ Sagamihara Saitama※ Sapporo※ Sendai※ Shizuoka※ Yokohama※ Core cities Akita※ Amagasaki Aomori※ Gifu※ Hachiōji Higashiōsaka Hirakata Kagoshima※ Kanazawa※ Kashiwa Kawagoe Kōchi※ Kōriyama Koshigaya Kurume Maebashi※ Matsuyama※ Miyazaki※ Morioka※ Nagano※ Nagasaki※ Nara※ Ōita※ Okazaki Ōtsu※ Sasebo Shimonoseki Takamatsu※ Takasaki Takatsuki Toyama※ Toyonaka Utsunomiya※ Wakayama※ Yokosuka Special cities Chigasaki Fukui※ Hachinohe Ichinomiya Isesaki Jōetsu Kakogawa Kasukabe Kishiwada Kōfu※ Kumagaya Matsue※ Mito※ Neyagawa Numazu Odawara Saga※ Sōka Suita Tokorozawa Tottori※ Yamagata※ Yokkaichi Prefectural capitals Note: ※ also a prefectural capital	cc/2022-05/en_head_0000.json.gz/line258
__label__wiki	0.680234	0.680234	Cultural Translation Research Blog What is cultural translation? What are we hoping to achieve? Cultural Translation in the Research Clusters KEY READING: Sarah Maitland’s ‘What is Cultural Translation’ (2017) In these posts, I’ll set how I understand some of the key texts that explore cultural translation, and why I think they are important for understanding the concept. Maitland, Sarah. What is cultural translation? Bloomsbury Publishing, 2017. Sarah Maitland’s (Goldsmiths) 2017 book What is Cultural Translation is one of the only monographs that sets out to define cultural translation in precise terms that I have been able to find. Maitland’s background is in translation studies, and as such she attends not only to the state of cultural translation’s usage in wider academia but also to its place within what might be considered ‘traditional’ (inter-textual or interpretative) translation. Her book provides a valuable guide to a complex term that, in her own words, is often theorised in contradictory ways. In this series of blog posts I want to draw out what I find interesting and useful about Maitland’s work. She conducts a particularly fascinating genealogy of the term ‘cultural translation’ itself, helpful in delineating the key ideas involved in the term. Finally, by locating the topic firmly within translation, I want to use Maitland’s work as a springboard to discuss and develop my own work. Maitland’s approach Maitland works within what could very broadly be called a poststructuralist approach to communication, and sets her arguments off with reference to Richard Rorty. In particular, she explores his idea of a ‘liberal ironist’. The liberal ironist is essentially an ethical agent or actor who takes an ironic approach to the complexities of modern life, specifically, someone who both affirms a view that the prevention of cruelty is the highest human endeavour, and, at the same time, understands that all ideas and ethics are shaped by their cultural context. Rorty is a good frame for her arguments, I think, as viewing the cultural translator in terms of a liberal ironist helps the reader get at one of her central points: cultural transition is shaped by attendance to both 1) a transcendent political or ethical concern for the wellbeing of the other, and 2) to the awareness of contingency and context. This gives cultural translation an ethical/political zest right off the bat. Cultural translation is not simply a description of some nebulous process whereby culture ‘moves’ in some way from one context to another. Rather, it is linked to how a person or a subject interacts with other people, and specifically the ‘other’ person, on a fundamental level. Her approach goes on to raise familiar questions of representation. In processes of (cultural) translation, we confront the fact that we, as subjects, have no direct access to the other’s mind, their experiences, histories, and so on. How do we speak to and about the other without this access? Mapping the unfamiliar other out in terms we already recognise risks simply reproducing what we know while ignoring their specificities – which, as the On Translations conference was keen to stress, often constitutes an act of (colonial) violence. But Maitland is also a practicing interpreter and translator and has in my view a practical approach to these question. She uses Paul Ricoeur’s thinking on translation, as well as his ideas on the hermeneutic process, as a philosophical ground for her definition of cultural translation, and sets out the following points: Meaning is always produced in the communicative act, rather than transferred from one person to another. This means it is also always dependent on or determined in relation to context (the immediate social environment, the broader historical and political situation, the identity positions of the speakers, and so on). As part of that production, the speakers involved create themselves as subjects. This follows for both parties in any communication (in other words the self is created at the same time as, with, and through, the other). The subject actively engages in working out how best to communicate with the other. For Maitland, this involves working out what the other knows as best he or she can and then tailoring the information they present to what they think the other will understand or respond to. At the same time, any knowledge the subject obtains from the other will always be filtered through the subject’s specific perspective, determined by it’s judgements, values, and so on. This process is dynamic rather than a one-time only activity – it goes on, constantly, as we talk to and about other people. It is bound up with the ‘hermeneutic process’, that is, the daily activity of interpretation that we engage with all the time. Maitland writes: “If, at base, hermeneutics is what we do in life, cultural translation is the purposeful orientation of the hermeneutic dimension of life towards meaningful action and the transformation of the purposeful self.” Maitland, p.10 Essentially, Maitland locates a translation-type process at the heart of all interpersonal communication. This radical approach means that the underlying mechanics of translation shouldn’t simply be considered as relevant to professional translators but, in fact, are rather familiar and mundane, traceable as she suggests within a very broad range of interpersonal activity, and bound up with the constant process of interpretation and investigation we engage in when we encounter other people. One ethical consequence is that it forces us to attend to both what does not translate (and is ‘erased’ in the process of translation) but also to affirm that things do translate too, in an every-day sort of sense. This would seem to develop and critique the somewhat pessimistic view that sees cultural translation as founded on the misapprehension of the other. It also makes Maitland’s approach, in my mind, both theoretically sophisticated and practical. It runs on the premise that although we cannot ever fully understand another person in our own terms, in conversation (and so in ‘cultural translation’) we nevertheless shuttle back and forth between what we understand of our own experience and what we learn of the other’s experiences. So, although we can’t every translate the total meaning of text, or know the full extent of an cultural object before it is exposed to a process of translation, we nonetheless do constantly work and rework at translating ourselves and others into terms of mutual, if always partial, understanding. As such Maitland’s work gives us a theoretical insight into the manifold ways in which cultural translation occurs, and, more importantly, provides a way forward for applying the term to cultural and media research. SEMINAR SERIES History, Heritage & Archives \| Cultural Translation, History and Loss Dima Saber’s research paper ‘Resistance-by-recording: the visuality and visibility of contentious political action in the Arab region’ by Simon Crisp In the first of three History, Heritage & Archives BCMCR seminars, Dr Dima Saber and Dr David Gange tackled the topic of cultural translation, history and loss by talking about some of their respective recent and on-going projects. Dima started the event talking about the ‘Resistance-by-recording: the visuality and visibility of contentious political action in the Arab region’ project, which explores how variously situated activists use camera-related practices in their struggles for rights, along with the issues of distribution and archive and a re-centring of the agency of human beings over technologies. David then presented his project ‘Sea-Sites in Island History: Exploring the Lost Communities of Atlantic Britain and Ireland’ which had seen him kayak the Atlantic coasts of the British Isles exploring and documenting the culture, history and archives of those coastlines and the communities which have resided there. Both talks were fascinating in their own right and spoke of issues of history, archive, and loss. David’s accounts of the alternative histories of modernity on the coast were particularly striking for me in the way in which they question the cultural perspectives and dominant visions of British and Irish history, along with the unique access and outlook afforded by approaching these locations from the sea. However, I will focus here on how Dima’s talk prompted me to think about, and question, the idea of Cultural Translation. Having briefly heard about Resistance-by-recording at a Journalism Activism, Community research seminar last year, I was expecting my thoughts about how the project relates to ideas of cultural translation to be based on the way in which it works across borders, how activists in different situations use varying digital media practices, and how they collaborate with each other. But, as Dima talked about issues raised during an ethnographic research trip to Berlin, and a recent Stockholm roundtable, I found my focus shifting to questioning cultural translation and the digital. Dima said YouTube’s increasing use of algorithms to identify and limit what was considered to be Jihadi supporting propaganda had become a major issue for the project and the digital activists involved. YouTube’s identification and removal of videos, and channels can now be done with no human interaction and has caused digital activists to change their focus from documenting human rights violations to archiving and preserving historically and culturally significant footage which may get removed or deleted. Suggestions to insert a human-led stage into the process whereby somebody who understands Arabic and knows the context would be able to distinguish between a terrorist propaganda video and evidence of a human rights violation, raise further questions about the translation of culture into the digital. While algorithms can be used to analyse and recognise, they still cannot understand and translate what they are identifying into other contexts and histories. They are not culturally aware but have been given the power to wipe from voices and memories from history. Thinking about this has left me with more questions about how the idea of cultural translation can be used not just when exploring movements across borders or between languages, but also into the digital. Finally, another point I found particularly interesting was the questioning of the role of research and academics, and Dima’s suggestion of acting as a facilitator – or put another way a translator – between the activists and the tech companies on whose platforms they rely. It was said that this could be done by using the power of an academic network to get people around the same table or writing papers which will be helpful to tech companies, but that also address the issues impacting the activists. Simon Crisp is a MA student at Birmingham City University. THIS WEEK: Work in Progress from Scholars in the History, Heritages and Archives Cluster 1600-1730 Wednesday 28 March P424, Parkside, Birmingham City University Free registration at this link Angela English (BCU) – Sequestered Collections: Access and Cultural Value in Moving Image Archives. This presentation will focus on the early findings of Angela’s recent pilot study into practices around archive film involving interviews with archivists and practitioners. Angela will explore access and cultural value, two areas of concern for participants in the study. The aim of the pilot study and her continuing research is to provide a systematic critique of current use of archive film for public history engagement, what models are being employed and what role is played by film archivists and to relate these insights to the wider context of use of archive film. Vanessa Jackson (BCU) – The Benefits and Challenges of Video as an Oral History Method Traditional oral historians, such as Thompson (1978) and Portelli (1979), have favoured audio life history interviews, over video, but video has tremendous potential benefits, as well as challenges. Video provides richer and more complex data for researchers, for instance, the ability to read the mise-en-scene, body language, and facial expressions, but also to take oral history beyond the static long-form interview into the realm of location recording, with the use of visual props such as photographs, and even reconstructions. Video may also result in more engaging materials for a wider audience, which can increase the impact of projects. Additionally there are considerations over aspects such as interviewee performance, which are heightened with video, as well as challenges over participant anxiety, technical proficiency, logistics and editing. Vanessa has recorded a number of video oral histories with former BBC production staff as part of a community online history project she established: http://pebblemill.org. The aim of the project is to document and celebrate the programme making which went on at BBC Pebble Mill in the last quarter of the 20th Century. The illustrative videos in the presentation will be drawn from this project. Paul Long (BCU) – The Political Economy of The Archive Questions under this theme emerge from my work as a board member with Media Archive Central England and Vivid Projects. These cultural organisations are faced with a perennial issue regarding funding and sustainability which raise questions for me about value and our contemporary culture of commemoration. To shift the focus to the materiality of archives also involves some appreciation of the labour of the archivist, their motivations and orientation to their work and its purpose. While The Archivist, like The Archive, is often posed in terms of representative enlightenment ideas, of objective professionalism, archival practice is inflected by personal commitments and affective dispositions that bear some scrutiny in relation to the overall sustenance of their endeavour and those institutions devoted to preserving evidence of the past. In exploring the political economy of the archive, and the labour of the archivist, how might these perspectives add to our understanding of the business history, heritage and contemporary memory? Chris Hill (BCU) – Policing and Protest as Colonial and Anti-Colonial Practice in Post-War Britain: Re-Framing Law and Order at the End of Empire Policing and protest in post-war Britain were defined by experiences, solidarities and tactics that extended beyond the local and national settings in which engagements between them took place. Just as policing in this period was shaped by the role of officers in the Second World War and colonial counter-insurgencies, protest was shaped by the role of activists in anti-colonial politics and struggles for liberation. Through post-war immigration into Britain, these global dimensions to policing and protest became even more pronounced, with ‘race’ in particular emerging as a key construct in popular engagements over law and order. This paper focuses on relations between the Committee of 100, an anti-nuclear organisation inspired by Gandhian methods of protest, and West End Police Station in London, where Harold Challenor, a decorated war hero, served as detective-sergeant. In this case, it argues that protestors and police invoked rival versions of the global in order to contest the law as an instrument of identity and values in post-war Britain. In doing so, it demonstrates how engagements between them reflected a crisis of ‘Britishness’, culminating not only in members of C100 breaking the law, but also Challenor and his constables. All of this unfolded at a pivotal time for policing in Britain and the British world, between the Devlin Report on colonial policing in Nyasaland in 1959 and the Royal Commission on Police in 1962. About the speakers: Angela English is a 2nd year M3C/AHRC funded PhD candidate at BCU. Her research focuses on how archive film might play a role in public history practice and audience engagement. She has previously worked in film education at the British Film Institute and from 2006-2015, was Research and Development Officer for the London Screen Study Collection at Birkbeck College, University of London and this archive film collection forms a core resource for her research. Vanessa Jackson is Programme Leader of the BA (Hons) Media and Communication at Birmingham City University, and teaches practical television modules to undergraduates. She has recently successfully defended her PhD, which was supervised by Professor John Ellis, at Royal Holloway, University of London. Before joining BCU in 2008 Vanessa was a series producer at BBC Birmingham, making factual and documentary programmes. Paul Long is Professor of Media and Cultural History at Birmingham City University. His research encompasses issues of cultural justice and informs his published work on the politics of representation and the past as they pertain to public history, popular music and the archive. He recently co-curated a major exhibition on Birmingham’s music history. His current research builds on these themes in two areas: (i) the political economy and affect of contemporary archival cultures; (ii) the history of student unions and their role in British popular music cultures. Chris Hill is a research fellow in history, heritage and archives. He has research interests in modern British and late imperial history, with a focus on the history of broadcasting and the press, decolonisation, nuclear weapons and social movements. His first book, Peace and Power in Cold War Britain, explores the relationship between radical traditions of liberty and media technologies, particularly as it emerged through post-war peace movements and the rise of television. SEMINAR SERIES: Jazz Studies \| Melinda Maxwell on ‘Crossing Lines and Sharing Spaces’ Crossing Lines and Sharing Spaces by Melinda Maxwell The lines to cross and the spaces to share are affiliated to music that lives in the moment, exists in the spaces between the notes, and is driven by instinct. As a classically trained musician my in-roads into jazz improvisation have re-awakened this inner space. I have always enjoyed improvising but now I am thinking about melodic and harmonic structures that can enrich my improvising activity as a composer and player. The inner space led by the ear has become embedded in my performing, teaching and practicing. Today in the classical world there is a bridge over this inner space that connects composers and players. That bridge is notation. It was exceedingly common until about the early 19th century for composers to play and vice versa. A cultural change began when composers wanted their own specific notes to be played and not those of an improviser. The notation of musical language became more complex in its instructions, so much so that in the 20th and 21st centuries the sheer look of a score could resemble a Jackson Pollock abstract expressionist painting with its complex layers of texture. The style in music that has similarities to this expression has been labeled New Complexity. Composers such as Brian Ferneyhough, James Dillon and Richard Barrett compose music whose notation is on information overload. There is a wealth of instructions to distil and internalize before a note is sounded. Sometimes there is not enough time to garner all that is needed for performance and the eye is forced to wing what it sees and choose the right path in which to steer the music. This has its own energy and drive but it puts the player in a curiously restricted space. The instinct is more aligned to the eye than the ear. If one were to transcribe a free improvisation by Evan Parker the notation would most probably look identical, but the two methods of music making are worlds apart, and even if you were to learn and play the Evan Parker transcription it wouldn’t quite live up to the energy of the original because the notation “bridge” restricts and adversely changes the immediacy in communication of an improvisation. My improvisation on the opening oboe solo of Octandre (1923) by Edgar Varèse is an attempt to link these two worlds of composer and player. It is a gesture of reverence for the music, a way of getting under its skin. Making sister versions by ear deepens the understanding of the original. I have performed it many times and often felt the tempo marking too fast. But, classical musicians are trained to stick to what the notation dictates. Tempo is an elusive thing and trying to fix it can cause problems for the music’s character. I know from my own work with living composers that they are aware tempi can be affected by many things, not least different acoustics, but there is a need to be as precise as possible, because once it’s written down, it’s “fixed”. For me the opening solo of Octandre feels like a blues with its soulful falling minor ninths, minor sevenths and whole-tones. My instinct says it needs space to breathe and express itself and this seems to open up the inner space and crosses the line into where the music begins to live of its own accord and carry its own momentum. Certainly, I would like to think that Varèse (who attended jazz concerts in New York in the late 1950s and invited jazz musicians to his home to improvise using his graphic notation) would grant my wish to explore the instinctual aural space between his notes. Melinda’s paper was delivered on 28 February 2018 as part of the BCMCR Seminar Series. THIS WEEK: Nick Hall and Andrew Flinn on ‘Public History and Historical Reconstruction’ BCMCR Research Seminar \| History, Heritage and Archives Archives, Public History and Historical Reconstruction Dr. Nick Hall (Royal Holloway) – ADAPT: Using hands-on technological simulation to communicate television’s clockwork past to future digital users The tools required to make and share moving images are ubiquitous in the developed world. Smartphones and high-speed wireless internet connections enable users to shoot video and share the results globally. The ease and speed of the digital age has multiplied the potential producers and audiences of video. Similar technological changes have changed the television industry beyond recognition: digital tapeless acquisition and desktop editing are now dominant technologies across genres. Television production has always been somewhat opaque to audiences, but the recent growth in portable consumer video recording technology further obscures the mechanical and manual foundations of television production practice. As recently as the 1960s, a great deal of television footage was shot and recorded using clockwork film cameras, magnetic audio recorders, and analogue video tape. Shows were edited by hand with the aid of a wide range of mechanical editing aids. Assistant editors performed complex jobs now simplified by non-linear editing software suites such as Final Cut Pro and Adobe Premiere. In the age of digital cameras and desktop video editing, the manual work of television production is at risk of being forgotten. Analogue technologies and workflows are increasingly incomprehensible to new generations raised on the smartphone and tablet. To remedy this, ADAPT – a five year research project funded by the European Research Council and led by Prof. John Ellis at Royal Holloway, University of London – is carrying out extensive research designed to capture and animate the hidden histories of historic television production. ADAPT’s central innovation is to carry out a series of simulations in order to show how arrays of technological devices were used by teams of skilled professionals to make, edit, and broadcast television in the United Kingdom between 1960 and 2010. The project reunites teams of veteran television personnel – including camera operators, sound recordists, and film editors – with obsolete equipment, and captures the results as the subjects re-encounter equipment they have not used for decades. This presentation will include footage captured during recent simulation exercise, which demonstrate how 16mm television footage was shot and edited during the 1960s. The presentation will address the manifold opportunities and methodological challenges associated with this novel mode of “hands-on” oral history, and consider the ways in which memories of past television production may be translated and interpreted for contemporary audiences. Dr. Andrew Flinn (UCL) – Digging Where We Stand: community-based archives & participatory approaches to archiving and knowledge production Drawing upon the speaker’s extensive experience of working with community archives and study of participatory knowledge productive practices this talk will contend that the history and practice of community-based archives suggests that rather than centres for preservation of culture many of these participatory approaches represent an activist agenda of use and knowledge production. The talk will use the framework of Lindqvist’s Dig Where You Stand manifesto and examples of social movement approaches to archiving and the useful past to illustrate the motivations, objectives and activities of both mainly physical and digital archives. The talk will conclude by raising some questions about the challenges and future of these participatory archives. Dr. Andrew Flinn is a Reader in Archive Studies and Oral History at University College London and author, recently of ‘Working with the past: making history of struggle part of the struggle’ in Reflections on Knowledge, Learning and Social Movements: History’s Schools, eds Choudry & Vally (2018). Dr. Nick Hall is a research officer in the Department of Media Arts at Royal Holloway (University of London). He works on on the ADAPT project which examines the historical development of British television broadcast production technology. His research specialisms include early postwar American television history and cinematography and British postwar television history. A book based on his research into the history of the zoom lens in American film and television – The Zoom: Drama at the Touch of a Lever will be published by Rutgers University Press in 2018. www.zoomlenshistory.org.uk. SEMINAR SERIES \| Tony Dudley-Evans on ‘British Jazz’ – part 2 Things began to change in the 1970s with the emergence of players such as John Surman, Kenny Wheeler, who is Canadian, but based in London for most of his career, Norma Winstone and John Taylor. These players began to look towards other parts of Europe for inspiration and to work regularly in continental Europe and in European bands; John Taylor taught in Germany and John Surman eventually settled in Norway. Similarly, the British free improvisers, such as Evan Parker, Trevor Watts and Derek Bailey developed an approach to improvisation that became influential in other European scenes. This coincided with the development of the ECM label in Germany run by Manfred Eicher. In a recent interview in London Eicher talked of his admiration for this group of British players (see here) who he felt were developing a distinctive style. The first British recording on ECM was in 1970 by The Improvisation Company with Evan Parker, Derek Bailey, Christine Jeffrey, Jamie Muir and Hugh Davies (Brian Morton, Jazz Journal, February 2018), and, also from the 1970s Surman initially and then Wheeler, Winstone and Taylor recorded on the ECM label. John Surman was described by the renowned British jazz critic Charles Fox as the ‘first Common Market jazzman’ (Brian Morton, 2018). Although I would suggest that there is something characteristically British about the playing of these musicians, they developed strong relationships with other European players and I would argue that it is misleading to claim that they developed a ‘British’ style. They are part of the European scene. In this regard it is interesting to note that in the current ECM schedule of January and February five British artists are featured. Two of these, John Surman and Norma Winstone go back to the 1970s generation; two, Andy Sheppard and Tommy Smith (who appears in a group led by the Norwegian bass payer Arild Andersen) are from the later 1980s onwards, and one, Kit Downes, is from the generation of players who came to prominence in the 2000s. There is, however, another interesting trend in jazz in Britain today: the group of players associated with the Jazz Re-Freshed promotions in west London, players and bands such as Binker and Moses, Moses Boyd’s Exodus, Ezra Collective and Shabaka Hutchings (who is actually part of a broader scene and plays regularly in different European festivals)). Jazz Re-Freshed has developed more links with the USA than with Europe, especially with the Afropunk Fest in New York, and the South by South West Showcase event in Texas and probably sees itself as part of the Black Atlantic collaboration. Tony’s paper was delivered on 28 February 2018 as part of the BCMCR Seminar Series. British Jazz: Cross Atlantic Partnership or European Integration? by Tony Dudley-Evans I begin with the assumption that it is legitimate to talk of European Jazz as being stylistically different from American jazz and that it is more relevant now to talk of European Jazz rather than jazz of particular countries, e.g. Norwegian jazz, Swiss jazz etc. This is not to suggest that there are not specific characteristics of jazz in certain countries, but rather that there are so many bands based in Europe with members from different countries and also, that since many musicians have moved to centres such as Berlin or Amsterdam, it is relevant to talk of European jazz and of European bands. My argument is that British jazz players have tended to draw their influences from the USA and for various historical, linguistic and political reasons still lean towards the US model. It is only since the 1970s that certain British players have begun to take on influences from other European bands and players and see themselves as part of the European scene. There are clear echoes in all this in the division in British society about the European Union. In the late 1940s and 1950s British modern jazz players took their inspiration from the bop scene in New York, and many players played on the cross-Atlantic liners in order to have a day in New York listening to the pioneers of modern jazz, Charlie Parker, Dizzy Gillespie, Thelonious Monk et al. The growth of modern jazz in Britain developed from these visits and its players were invariably judged by how close they came to matching the American stars of the day. Saxophonist Tubby Hayes was probably the finest British exponent of the bop/hard bop style and he was always acclaimed as being ‘as good as the Americans’. Fans of Hayes were delighted when he eventually went to play in New York for a series of dates and received excellent reviews and the acceptance of the jazz community in the city. Similarly, alto saxophonist Peter King is regarded as a player who would be considered a leading figure in the bop style had he been based in New York. It is sometimes argued that a distinctively British style emerged with Stan Tracey’s Under Milk Wood suite that featured saxophonist Bobby Wellins. While the compositions do have a distinctive voice different from the American style, I would argue the solos from Tracey and Wellins do still follow an American model and the overall impression is that the album is highly original but still essentially following an American model. Saxophonist Andy Hamilton was a key member of the Birmingham and latterly the British scene, but his playing was in the tradition of the saxophone tradition of Coleman Hawkins and Ben Webster. In his later years he developed a strong musical and personal relationship with American saxophonist David Murray. I have suggested this was partly due to a mutual feeling of a cross-Atlantic culture taking in Britain, USA and the Caribbean (Dudley-Evans, 2017). Posted on March 12, 2018 March 7, 2018 SEMINAR SERIES: Jazz Studies \| Brian Homer on ‘Jazz and Photography’ The Iconography of Jazz and Photography by Brian Homer My proposal is that the styles and techniques of photography translated into the use of photography in jazz made a profound impact on the iconography of jazz and how we view jazz. To illustrate this I am going to take some selected examples of jazz photography and look at how they were possibly influenced by other photographic uses. First, I am going to take the iconic image of John Coltrane taken by Francis Wolff, and used on the cover of Blue Train, by the designer Reid Miles. The Blue Train session took place in 1957. The image chosen shows a reflective Coltrane with his hand to his chin looking down and intent. His sax is slung across him. This image is not in the common language of the gig/playing image that is very prevalent in jazz. Rather, I would argue that this image is in a documentary photography style and has similarities to Dorothea Lange’s Migrant Woman image (1936) taken California while working for the Reconstruction Administration (later the Farm Security Administration) of a destitute and starving family. The mother has her hand to her chin and is looking reflectively to her right with two of her children either side of her but facing away from the camera. The effect is very similar in both images – allowing the viewer into the picture to speculate on what is going through the mind of the subject. Wolff was a migrant from Germany and being a keen photographer would, no doubt, have been exposed to the documentary styles becoming prevalent in Europe and the USA. Turning to the cover of Donald Byrd’s A New Perspective, also on Blue Note from 1964, a different photographic influence is at play. By this time, corporate identity and conceptual graphic design were developing rapidly. In this shot, by the designer Reid Miles, the main element is not the musician but the eccentrically shaped headlight cover of a Jaguar E Type, situated in the bottom left of the image. The lines of the bonnet, wings and windscreen lead to Byrd. This kind of wide angle shot is unusual for the time. I suggest this was influenced by Russian Constructivism. Photographers in that movement were looking for modern, futuristic ways of representation that would foreground progress and technology; to achieve this they used angles, shadows. European emigré designers and artists came to the US during the 1930s; one of these was Russian Alexey Brodovitch. Brodovitch became the designer of Harper’s Bazaar and in his layout style and use of photography was very influential. He taught many photographers including Irving Penn and Richard Avedon and while there is no evidence of a direct link to Miles it would not be surprising if in the creative milieu of New York in the 50s and 60s such influence rubbed off on an up and coming designer. I’ll finish with two questions: First: does jazz photography now have an impact on how we perceive jazz? Second: are jazz photographers like me missing a trick in concentrating mainly on performance pictures? Both of these would bear further study. Brian’s paper was delivered on 28 February 2018 as part of the BCMCR Seminar Series. THIS WEEK: David Gange and Dima Saber on ‘Cultural translation, history and loss’ Cultural translation, history and loss Dr. David Gange (University of Birmingham) – Sea Sites in Island History: Exploring the Lost Communities of Atlantic Britain and Ireland There are many more once-inhabited islands in the British and Irish archipelago than there are cities. Many of these had been populated for centuries before a flurry of abandonment between 1850 and 1930. Such islands are lined with ruins: but-and-ben homes, field systems, water mills, abandoned boats, fish traps and shell middens from before the age of buildings. Nineteenth-century people here lived, consciously, in iron age and neolithic landscapes. The coasts are thickly layered in names – Irish and Scottish Gaelic, Norse, Scots, Welsh, occasionally even English – that preserve their history of usage. Regions where such islands predominate are richly served by historical archives so that it’s often possible to link an island ruin to families who used it and the processes that ended its productive life. Those who abandoned an island such as Havera, Shetland, in the 1920s can be heard discussing the joys and challenges of island life in the uniquely rich oral history collections of these regions. This paper explores the processes of researching such communities, but also asks what vision of British and Irish history might be developed by seeing the nineteenth century – the moment when Britain was turned inside out by the advent of roads and rail, and small islands became for the first time in their history ‘remote’ – from their perspective. Dr. Dima Saber (BCU) Resistance-by-Recording: The disappearing archives of the Syrian war This paper will present the early findings of the ‘Resistance-by-recording: the visuality and visibility of contentious political action in the Arab region’ project after the first round of ethnographic work in Berlin in November 2017. Focussing primarily on the consequences of YouTube’s new algorithm to limit the proliferation of material considered graphic or supporting Jihadi propaganda, I will also explore the costs of the Syrian activists’ over-reliance on the current affordances of digital platforms and the challenges this precariousness poses for the preservation of a citizen-generated memory and history of the Syrian war. Dr. Dima Saber is a Senior Research Fellow at the Birmingham Centre for Media and Cultural Research. Her research is focussed on media depictions of conflict in the Arab region, and she is responsible for leading and delivering projects in citizen journalism, particularly exploring the relation between digital media literacy and social impact in post-revolution and in conflict settings such as Egypt, Palestine and Syria. Dr. David Gange is Senior Lecturer in History at the University of Birmingham. His books include a history of Egyptology, Dialogues with the Dead (Oxford, 2013) and The Victorians: A Beginner’s Guide (Oneworld, 2016). He is currently working on a book that involved kayaking all the Atlantic coastlines of Britain and Ireland across 2016-17, The Frayed Atlantic Edge (Harper Collins, 2019). SEMINAR SERIES: Jazz Studies \| Nicolas Pillai on ‘Duke Ellington in Coventry’ Duke Ellington in Coventry: discovering television and jazz in the cathedral archive by Nicolas Pillai In February 1966, as part of the British leg of their European tour, Duke Ellington and his orchestra travelled to the Midlands city of Coventry to perform their first Concert of Sacred Music at the new cathedral. This remarkable event was televised on the Midlands ABC channel and, in this paper, I considered the concert as both a live experience and recorded artefact. I argued that the Coventry performance is significant in the way that it occupies different, seemingly contradictory, spaces: both local and national, secular and divine. It also proposes a startling environment for jazz music; the severe, modernist cathedral designed by Basil Spence as part of a larger spatial re-conception of Coventry occurring over the 1950s and 1960s. The sound of Ellington’s orchestra echoing within this cavernous place of worship suggests a shift in the British reception of jazz, expressed through the juxtaposition of music and innovative architecture. I described my journey through archives both regional and national, attempting to create a composite of a programme thought lost, my eventual discovery of the badly degraded programme in the Studiocanal archive and my collaboration with the archive TV company Kaleidoscope and the University of Warwick Ghost Town project which aims to screen a restored version of the programme in the cathedral, along with a recreation of the concert by the Royal Birmingham Conservatoire Duke Ellington Orchestra. I concluded this paper by reflecting upon the survival and afterlife of archive television, demonstrating ways in the Ellington in Coventry research it builds upon and widens the scope of my current AHRC-funded project Jazz on BBC-TV 1960-1969. Nicolas’s paper was delivered on 21 February 2018 as part of the BCMCR Seminar Series. GUEST POST: Kyle Conway on ‘Putting Translation back in Cultural Translation’ CLUSTER STATEMENT: Cultural Translation in History, Heritage and Archives CLUSTER STATEMENT: Cultural Translation in Journalism, Activism and Community SEMINAR SERIES: Popular Music – Heavy Metal Cultural Translation EVENT: Cultural Translation Symposium GUEST POST: Kyle Conway on ‘Putting Translation back in Cultural Translation’ – Cultural Translation Research Blog on KEY READINGS: Homi Bhabha on ‘How Newness Enters the World’ BLOG POST: Craig Hamilton on ‘Popular Music Reception and Data’ – Cultural Translation Research Blog on BLOG POST: Craig Hamilton on ‘Popular Music Reception and Data’ part two BLOG POST: Craig Hamilton on ‘Popular Music Reception and Data’ part two – Cultural Translation Research Blog on BLOG POST: Craig Hamilton on ‘Popular Music Reception and Data’ KEY READINGS: Homi Bhabha on ‘How Newness Enters the World’ – Cultural Translation Research Blog on KEY READINGS: Talal Asad on ‘Cultural Translation in British Social Anthropology’ Cluster statement Key readings	cc/2022-05/en_head_0000.json.gz/line260
__label__wiki	0.784222	0.784222	These drag queens said ‘Yes to the Dress’ Vegas-style David Emanuel officiates the wedding of Gary (Chichi Monroe) and Carl (Patsy Stoned) Photo: Discovery / TLC David Emanuel officiates the wedding of Gary (Chichi Monroe) and Carl (Patsy Stoned) Discovery / TLC What happens in Vegas stays in Vegas. Well, unless you’re a couple of drag queens tying the knot at Caesar’s Palace. Then it’s just too epic to keep to away from the media eclipsing the occasion. Two drag queens wanted to get married in Las Vegas in the biggest and baddest way – and they pulled it all off on camera. Carl and Gary Cantwell-Finnegan took their drag personas (Patsy Stone and Chichi Monroe) to Caesar’s Palace, where they tied the knot wearing a dress by the same man who selected Princess Diana’s wedding gown -David Emanuel. The whole thing was captured on TLC’s Say Yes to the Dress. In an exclusive for PinkNews, Carl explained that “with LGBT+ rights being such a huge subject at the moment in the media, we thought it’d be a good idea to show the sector we work in and love: drag.” Then Carl went one better. “And if we were going to do it in drag, why not do it against the most spectacular background, and that was Las Vegas. It was unreal,” he said. “We’d been obsessed with David ever since he did Diana’s dress, since I was a kid,” Gary said. “To be able to talk to him normally, like any person would, getting to know him, was amazing. He was so lovely.” Emanuel had roughly 24 hours in order to select the dresses that would ultimately be shown on the popular television show. “I’m larger and taller than Gary – 6’2″ in heels – so I knew David would have his work cut out with me,” Carl said. “I thought he would never find a dress for me, never in a million years. How he managed to find a dress which both fit me and that I fell in love with was amazing, especially in a shop I’d never been in before.” It was the first time the couple visited the U.S. so they had no clue of their sizing. “It was actually my first time in the States, so I had no idea what size I’d be, so I was completely gobsmacked,” Carl said. “The second I put it on, it fit perfectly.” Carl told PinkNews that when he finally opened his eyes and saw Gary, “I had a nervous breakdown. I did not expect the reaction I had. It was all the excitement and nerves which had built up throughout the day, hitting me all at once.” But it was never about the dress, Dorothy. “To be honest, I didn’t even see the dress,” Carl said. “I looked straight past the dress, the make-up and the wig – I just saw Gary in front of me, rather than Chichi…It hit me like a ton of bricks.” “It was so surreal,” Gary said. “Walking down towards David was so scary, but amazing, and seeing all the people looking down from the windows and taking pictures – it was just unbelievable. It was crazy.” It isn’t crazy. It’s love. All kinds of crazy, sexy, kinky, Vegas-style love. Tagged: Drag Queens, LGBTQ weddings, PinkNews, Say Yes to the Dress, Vegas Weddings, What Happens in Vegas Dorothy Parker’s remains find a home after decades spent in a filing cabinet & a business park After spending more than five years in a crematorium, 16 years in a lawyer’s filing cabinet, and 32 years in a Baltimore business park –…	cc/2022-05/en_head_0000.json.gz/line262
__label__cc	0.542981	0.457019	Wizard of Paws TV Show has a Second Season! Derrick Campana has won the hearts of viewers everywhere with his philosophy of making every life count, especially when it comes to animals. If you've been loving Wizard of Paws, you're not alone. Because so many people have been watching and enjoying the series, it recently premiered a second season of the hit television show! If you haven't yet watched Wizard of Paws, now is the time to do so. You can stream and catch all of the episodes in season one before watching the season two episodes. The show features our own Derrick Campana, the founder of Bionic Pets. Campana travels the world helping animals of all kinds live the best lives they can. He does this by creating prosthetics designed specifically for individual animals in need. Derrick Campana has been working to create animal prosthetics for 17 years and he hasn’t looked back since leaving the human industry. Seeing the first dog able to gain mobility gave him a joy he couldn’t describe, and so he decided to stick with it for the long haul. To date he has helped almost 30,000 patients. It isn't just dogs, but also llamas, elephants, donkeys, and more. In fact, when you watch the second season, you will see him make a customized 3-D-printed car for an 85-pound tortoise! You can watch all of Wizard of Paws season one directly on the National Geographic website. You can also catch new episodes on BYUtv, Wednesdays at 9 pm. The show is all about a dramatic transformation of a life when Derrick Campana creates one-of-a-kind artificial limbs for animals in need. Each episode features an adorable animal who is unable to stand or walk. Derrick gives these animals the gift of mobility, as well as a second chance at a happy and healthy life. It is no wonder this show is quickly becoming so popular! Remember, filming for Wizard of Paws isn't the only time Campana makes animal prosthetics. He recently said, "I don’t only make prosthetics for ‘The Wizard of Paws’ show. I’m making about 75 to 100 almost every single week here in my shop in Sterling, Virginia. You can see what we go through, this process: knee braces for dogs, donkey legs, just a whole gamut of different animal species. We work on all different types of animals. It’s never, ever boring.” When he discusses his shop in Virginia, he's talking about Bionic Pets! Derrick is much more than just the host of a tv show. Derrick Campana is the best at what he does, and has both the experience and the credentials to prove it. The Wizard of Paws is definitely a “feel good” show that melts viewers’ hearts. We encourage you to watch it, whether you have an animal who's in need of a mobility aid or you simply love to watch shows about animals.	cc/2022-05/en_head_0000.json.gz/line267
__label__wiki	0.888605	0.888605	Banks' gross NPAs may rise to 9.8% by March 2022: RBI report The gross non-performing assets (GNPAs) ratio of banks may rise to 9.8 per cent by March 2022, under a baseline scenario, from 7.48 per cent in March 2021, according to the Financial Stability Report (FSR) released by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI). MUMBAI: The gross non-performing assets (GNPAs) ratio of banks may rise to 9.8 per cent by March 2022, under a baseline scenario, from 7.48 per cent in March 2021, according to the Financial Stability Report (FSR) released by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI). Under a severe stress scenario, GNPA of banks may increase to 11.22 per cent, the report released on Thursday showed. "Macro stress tests indicate that the gross non-performing asset (GNPA) ratio of banks may increase from 7.48 per cent in March 2021 to 9.80 per cent by March 2022 under the baseline scenario," the report said. It, however, added that banks have sufficient capital, both at the aggregate and individual level, even under stress. The FSR released in January this year had said banks' GNPAs may rise to 13.5 per cent by September 2021, under the baseline scenario, which would be the highest in over 22 years. The latest report said within the bank groups, public sector banks' (PSBs') GNPA ratio of 9.54 per cent in March 2021 edging up to 12.52 per cent by March 2022 under the baseline scenario is an improvement over earlier expectations and indicative of pandemic proofing by regulatory support. For private sector banks (PVBs) and foreign banks (FBs), the transition of the GNPA ratio from baseline to medium to severe stress is from 5.82 per cent to 6.04 per cent to 6.46 per cent, and from 4.90 per cent to 5.35 per cent to 5.97 per cent, respectively. Under the baseline and the two stress scenarios, the system level CRAR (capital to risk assets ratio) holds up well, moderating by 30 basis points (bps) between March 2021 and March 2022 under the baseline scenario and by 130 bps and 256 bps, respectively, under the two stress scenarios. All 46 banks would be able to maintain CRAR well above the regulatory minimum of 9 per cent as of March 2022 even in the worst-case scenario, it said. The report said the common equity Tier I (CET-1) capital ratio of banks may decline from 12.78 per cent in March 2021 to 12.58 per cent in March 2022, under the baseline scenario. It would further fall to 11.76 per cent and 10.73 per cent, respectively, under the medium and severe stress scenarios by March 2022. The report said Covid-19 has increased the risks to financial stability, especially when the unprecedented measures taken to mitigate the pandemic's destruction are normalised and rolled back. "Central banks across the world are bracing up to deal with the expected deterioration in asset quality of banks in view of the impairment to loan servicing capacity among individuals and businesses," the report said. The initial assessment of major central banks is that while banks' financial positions have been shored up, there has been no significant rise in non-performing loans (NPLs) and policy support packages helped in maintaining solvency and liquidity. The economic recovery, however, remains fragmented and overcast with high uncertainty, it said. The report also highlighted the stress test results of the pandemic by various central banks. Bank of England (BoE's) 'Desktop' stress test in the interim FSR (May 2020) had projected that under appropriately prudent assumptions, aggregate CET-1 capital ratio of banks would decrease from 14.8 per cent at end-2019 to 11 per cent by the second year of test scenario (2021) and banks would remain well above their minimum regulatory capital requirements. As per the latest position, the CET-1 capital ratio increased to 15.8 per cent over the course of 2020, the report showed. The report further said in its June 2020 stress test and additional analysis in the light of Covid-19, the US Fed found that banks generally had strong levels of capital, but considerable economic uncertainty remained. It projected that under severely adverse scenario, the CET-1 ratio of large banks would decline from an average starting point of 12 per cent in the fourth quarter of 2019 to 10.3 per cent in first quarter of 2022. However, CET-1 ratio for large banks increased to 13 per cent as at end-2020, as per the latest position of stress test of the US Federal Reserve. Similarly, in its Covid-19 vulnerability analysis results (June 2020) for 86 banks comprising about 80 per cent of total assets in the Euro area, the European Central Bank (ECB) estimated that banks' aggregate CET-1 ratio would deplete by 1.9 percentage points to 12.6 per cent under the central scenario, and by 5.7 percentage points to 8.8 per cent under the severe scenario by end-2022. As per the latest position, the CET-1 ratio of Euro area banks on aggregate improved to 15.4 per cent in 2020. The FSR also conducted the stress tests on banks' credit concentration -- considering top individual borrowers according to their standard exposures. The test showed that in the extreme scenario of the top three individual borrowers of the banks under consideration failing to repay, no bank will face a situation of fall in CRAR below the regulatory requirement of 9 per cent. However, 37 banks would experience a decline of more than one percentage point in their CRARs. Under the extreme scenario of the top three group borrowers in the standard category failing to repay, the worst impacted four banks would have CRARs in the range of 10 to 11 per cent and 39 banks would experience a decline in CRAR of more than one percentage point, the report said. In the extreme scenario of the top three individual stressed borrowers of these banks failing to repay, a majority of the banks would experience a reduction of 10 to 20 bps only in their CRARs, the report said, adding this will be on account of low level of stressed assets in March 2021. The report further said despite the pandemic conditions during 2020-21, the GNPA ratio for the non-banking financial companies (NBFCs) sector declined with a more than commensurate fall in the net NPA ratio attesting to higher provisioning, and capital adequacy improved marginally. The GNPAs of NBFCs stood at 6.4 per cent and net NPAs at 2.7 per cent as of March 2021. US Fed	cc/2022-05/en_head_0000.json.gz/line274
__label__cc	0.595684	0.404316	trader32176 Post by trader32176 » Thu May 27, 2021 8:08 am https://www.news-medical.net/news/20210 ... ancer.aspx Immunotherapy techniques developed in oncology to combat cancerous cells have great potential for fighting viruses. A research team from the University Hospitals of Geneva (HUG) and the University of Geneva (UNIGE), in Switzerland, in collaboration with MaxiVAX, a spinoff of both institutions, developed an innovative technology called "cell encapsulation". Originally designed to stimulate immunity to fight cancer, the COVID-19 pandemic motivated the scientists to broaden the scope of their technology to test its effectiveness against viruses. The first results of a pre-clinical study are very encouraging and can be discovered in the journal Vaccines. The immune system is able to identify cancer cells and fight them, just as it does against a viral or bacterial pathogen. Researchers therefore rely on this to develop vaccines against cancer. "To develop an effective vaccine, two elements are needed: a target recognized by the immune system, such as cells, proteins, DNA or RNA sequences, and an adjuvant able to effectively stimulate the immune response", says Nicolas Mach, an oncologist at the HUG Division of Oncology, and a professor at UNIGE Faculty of Medicine Department of Medicine and Translational Research Centre in Onco-Haematology, and co-author of this study. To this end, Nicolas Mach and his team, in partnership with the company MaxiVAX, developed a novel cell-based cancer vaccination using cell encapsulation technology. With the coronavirus pandemic and the need to develop effective vaccines, they decided to extend the scope of this technology to test its effectiveness against viruses. Exciting the immune system over the long term Cell encapsulation consists of filling a semipermeable capsule with engineered cells before implanting it subcutaneously. The cells contained in the capsule are thus kept alive without spreading in the body, unlike their secretion, which is free to diffuse through the capsule wall. This technology therefore allows the stable and sustained long-term production and release of proteins such as cytokines or antibodies. Loaded with cells modified to secrete a substance capable of stimulating the immune system, the capsule can be used as an adjuvant cargo ship. Since the encapsulated cells survive for days, weeks or even months, they allow for prolonged exposure to the substance they secrete, here the vaccine adjuvant. This is an undeniable advantage compared to standard vaccination strategies that cannot achieve such goal. Coronavirus as proof of concept For this study led on mice, the research team first vaccinated healthy mice against SARS-COV-2 by injecting them with the gene coding for the Spike viral protein, which is one of the small parts of the virus recognised by the immune system. Since only a small fraction of the virus is injected, the virus, lacking its machinery, is unable to infect the body and cause COVID-19. To efficiently boost the immune system, the scientists used the tool they developed over the last two years, a genetically modified muscle cell line secreting GM-CSF, a protein known to promote the growth of white blood cells and able, under certain conditions, to train very effectively the immune system to react against a pathogenic target. "GM-CSF is like a hormone for the white blood cells, which are just as useful for defeating tumours as they are for defeating pathogens," explains the oncologist. In order to use GM-CSF as an adjuvant to enhance the immune response against the SARS-CoV-2 Spike target, the lab-produced cells are encapsulated. The capsule, introduced subcutaneously close to the vaccination site, remains in place for several days before being removed. Treated mice developed antibodies and lymphocytes against SARS-CoV2. The study shows that their immune response was stronger when using the encapsulation technique to produce the booster protein GM-CSF over several days than when GM-CSF was injected directly with the target. "Our results show that our cell encapsulation approach significantly enhances the excitatory effect of GM-CSF ", Nicolas March is pleased to say. Furthermore, when used without any GM-CSF adjuvant, the vaccine triggered an even weaker immune response. An innovative avenue to fight vaccine-resistant viruses " In view of the remarkable efficacy of mRNA vaccines against coronavirus, we do not consider it useful to develop clinical trials in humans for this use. However, if the efficacy of this vaccination technology is confirmed in other models of viral diseases, it could be used to fight pathogens against which we are currently lacking efficient vaccines, such as HIV or hepatitis C virus." - Nicolas Mach, Study Co-Author and Oncologist, Division of Oncology, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève The capsules and the cells used in this study are certified for Phase I and II clinical trials in oncology and are produced by the HUG's clinical cell therapy centre. Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève Vernet, R., et al. (2021) Local Sustained GM-CSF Delivery by Genetically Engineered Encapsulated Cells Enhanced Both Cellular and Humoral SARS-CoV-2 Spike-Specific Immune Response in an Experimental Murine Spike DNA Vaccination Model. Vaccines. doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9050484.	cc/2022-05/en_head_0000.json.gz/line275
__label__wiki	0.954101	0.954101	Posted on Wednesday, January 20th, 2021 by Collaborative for Educational Services Source: Blad/Ujifusa, Education Week Miguel Cardona Miguel Cardona remembers how overwhelmed he felt when he walked into school for the first time as a student. The son of parents who moved to Meriden, Conn., from Puerto Rico as children, he lived in public housing and didn’t speak English as a young child. “I remember my first day of kindergarten at John Barry School,” the nominee for U.S. secretary of education said at a virtual farewell celebration with Meriden leaders earlier this month, referring to an elementary school in his home city.“That day, I ended up in the nurse’s office crying, and I had to go home early. I never wanted to go back. Here I am, 40 years later, and I’m having mixed emotions about leaving the place I love.” Last month, President-elect Joe Biden announced Cardona, now Connecticut’s education commissioner, as his pick to be the nation’s top education official. Less than two years ago, Cardona was an assistant superintendent in his hometown’s 8,000-student district. If confirmed by the Senate, he could be a cabinet member within weeks. It’s a rapid ascent for a man who is known more by his long-time colleagues for solving problems than for standing on soapboxes. Cardona, 45, is preparing to step into the role after the hot seat has been warmed to white-hot temperatures by former U.S. Secretary of Education Betsy DeVos, who left office Jan. 8 as the most high-profile and divisive education secretary in history. Making things more intense: a presidential transition marred by national turmoil, a deeply divided nation, and an ongoing public health crisis that puts schools front and center. In selecting Cardona—a former teacher, principal, and district administrator—Biden fulfilled his campaign pledge to appoint a public school educator to the role. His choice was met with enthusiasm from education groups across the ideological spectrum. But Cardona’s approach to the COVID-19 pandemic and how it should affect official judgments of schools’ performance could quickly erase that friendly reception. Cardona’s peers paint him as a leader who seeks out every chance to collaborate and to find solutions by looking at the bigger picture. In conversations with those who know him, he comes across as someone who wants consensus, not confrontation. But one person who’s watched his career up close expressed concerns that such an attitude, along with his relatively short tenure leading a state education department, could make him susceptible to pressure in Washington. His experience as a child who learned English at school and code-switched between the culture of his Puerto Rican community and that of his white peers has helped him build bridges and value relationships in his work, his colleagues also said. “He’s able to lead with an equity agenda without alienating the people who don’t understand it quite yet,” said Robert Villanova, a former superintendent and education professor at the University of Connecticut, who worked with Cardona when the nominee was still a graduate student. “Some people may be wondering ‘Why him?’ And I think that’s legitimate because he’s an early-career leader. … But he has all of the right inclinations.” The Biden transition team did not respond to a request to interview Cardona for this article. Connecticut Gov. Ned Lamont, a Democrat, appointed Cardona to serve as his state’s education leader in August 2019, a tenure that has been dominated by the state’s response to the coronavirus pandemic. He has spent his life and most of his career in Meriden, a city of about 60,000 people midway between New Haven and Hartford. Cardona and his wife, Marissa, a middle school family liaison, have two children who are students in Meriden schools. His father, Hector Cardona Sr., was a police officer for many years and famous for his distinctive handlebar mustache and for building relationships between law enforcement and Meriden’s Puerto Rican community. Cardona Sr., who is honored in the Meriden Hall of Fame, often played traditional Puerto Rican music in a band with his son Hector Cardona Jr., a fellow police officer. Miguel Cardona sometimes accompanied his family on the bongo drums at events like the city’s Puerto Rican festival, where his father served as chairman. Today, his wife and children also perform music together. “I joke with Miguel: Your kids, your wife, they have the real music talent. They let you join their band once in a while,” said Mark Benigni, the superintendent of Meriden schools who was Cardona’s colleague for many years. Overcoming his early anxieties and the awareness that he was different from many of his peers, Cardona eventually became a first-generation college graduate and developed the confidence and people skills that helped him feel comfortable in places “from the barrio to the boardroom,” he told his Meriden colleagues at the farewell celebration. After completing his bachelor’s degree at Central Connecticut State University in 1997, Cardona took a job teaching 4th grade in Meriden, where it’s not uncommon for alumni to return as teachers. After five years in the classroom, he became the state’s youngest principal, leading Hanover Elementary School at age 28. In 2001, Cardona told the Associated Press his office shelves were lined with books about different cultures, including one: Growing Up Bilingual. As a principal, he oversaw a bilingual education program in his school. When he earned his doctorate from the University of Connecticutin 2012, his research focused on addressing “achievement disparities” between English-language learners and their peers. His dissertation defense was so powerful that it brought some people to tears. “He gave a very scholarly presentation but at the end, he talked about his own family and his upbringing in Meriden. He just wanted people to understand how [concerns about English-language learners] became a part of who he was,” said Villanova, the professor. Current Hanover Principal Jennifer Kelley remembers when Cardona hired her as an instructional assistant, a job that essentially made her an assistant principal, in 2012. She had been a teacher for 15 years before that. Cardona was skilled at creating an inclusive culture, and he helped her sharpen her problem-solving skills by considering the bigger picture, she said. In her first year, Meriden expanded from half-day to full-day kindergarten, and Hanover took kindergarten students from other schools as part of the shift. It created an unusual situation: There were about 200 5- and 6-year-olds in the building, compared to about 400 students in the older grades. Kelley recalls being overwhelmed at lunch one day, trying to supervise a whole cafeteria of the school’s youngest students, who were just adjusting to being there. Seeing her frustration, Cardona helped her rearrange the schedule of teacher’s aides to bring in more support. Meanwhile, Benigni, the Meriden superintendent, recalled being impressed with how Cardona responded calmly but thoroughly to a disconcerting incident in which a student brought bags of marijuana to school in his jacket: “That day was when I said, ‘You know what, I have someone here who’s going to be steady under pressure, and someone who’s going to give clear information to the staff and to the community.’” But Cardona also excelled at the light-hearted parts of the job. He charmed the young students by dressing as a train conductor on “Polar Express Day” when they all wore pajamas to school. Along the way, Kelley felt like Cardona was giving her tools to grow in her position. “He told me I would work harder than any other [instructional assistant] because we are preparing you for the next step,” she said. “You have me as a safety net, but you are going to really learn.” Paul Freeman, the superintendent in Guilford, Conn., remembers observing Hanover as part of a superintendents’ leadership group when Cardona was principal there. Good principals lead their schools’ logistical and instructional efforts, and they also play a huge role in shaping the climate, Freeman said. “It was clear that he could be skillful in all of those areas,” he said. “He is passionate and caring, and people know that about him. And he’s good at the details.” Cardona was tapped to lead several statewide education efforts, including a 2011 task force charged with making recommendations for closing the academic achievement gap between student groups. The committee was “a broad group of powerful people,” including legislators, university deans, and district administrators, said Freeman, who was a member. It took on some politically tricky topics, making recommendations in a 2014 report that touched on housing policy, hunger, and social services as part of the systemic conditions that stifled some students’ achievement. Jason Rojas, a state legislator who served on the committee, said he and Cardona had similar childhoods, which gave them personal insights into some of the issues they discussed. “I remember him being so sincere about the pain he was going through in seeing what was happening in our communities,” Rojas said. Seven years and several transitions in state leadership after it released its final report, many of the task force’s recommendations have not been put into action. In October, Cardona emailed the group about “putting the band back together,” attaching a new study on housing policy and educational outcomes. After serving on two state task forces with Cardona, one about teacher evaluations and another on what testing requirements there should be for students, Joe Cirasuolo came away impressed by Cardona’ knowledge and ability to explain “complex truths.” “I came to respect him. His integrity is beyond question,” said Cirasuolo, a district superintendent for 23 years who used to lead Connecticut’s superintendents association and is now retired. Cardona’s experience navigating state-level politics as commissioner might be limited, but that doesn’t mean he’s avoided dealing with common snares in school leadership. Erin Benham, now a member of the state board of education, first encountered Cardona when she was the leader of the Meriden teachers’ union and visited his school to discuss potential layoffs as a result of budget cuts. Rather than talking about overall positions, Cardona talked about individual teachers, lamenting that any of them may lose their jobs. “He said ‘Is there anything I can do to keep this person?’” Benham recalled. “He felt as glum about it as we did. You don’t always see that.” Continue Reading at Education Week Filed Under: National News Tagged With: Education, Education Secretary	cc/2022-05/en_head_0000.json.gz/line278
__label__wiki	0.801231	0.801231	The Indiana General Assembly (1815-1825): Statehood, Slavery, and Constitution-Drafting The first Indiana Statehouse in Corydon, used from 1816-1825. During the early nineteenth century, the end of the Napoleonic Wars shaped the direction of the western world. After Napoleon’s defeat in the Cossacks (Russia) in 1814, the western powers reshaped the international order. To this end, the European powers that defeated Napoleon’s imperial ambitions (Russia, Great Britain, Prussia, and Austria) met in 1814-1815 in Vienna to create a new system of alliances that would keep the peace in Europe for the next 100 years. Called the Congress of Vienna, these meetings built a new international order based on the 1713 Treaty of Utrecht, creating a “balance of power” system throughout the region.[1] This framework of negotiations continued to meet annually until 1822, when meetings met more sporadically. The Congress of Vienna was the first attempt by nation states in the modern period to create a system of peace that would be long-lasting, internally strong (which would be problematic due to the exclusion of the Ottoman Empire), and fair.[2] The “Era of Good Feeling,” embodied by the Presidency of James Monroe (1817-1825), defined the decade. The Democratic-Republicans, a party solidified under President Thomas Jefferson, became the dominant party in the United States. The War of 1812, bitterly fought between the United States and Great Britain, had strained the young republic, especially for a young territory-turned-state like Indiana. As historian Logan Esarey notes, “the first results of the War of 1812 were disastrous. The inroads of the Indians broke up many settlements.”[3] The election of 1820 saw President Monroe reelected to the Presidency with all electoral votes except one. This sweeping mandate reaffirmed the public’s trust in the Democratic-Republicans and Monroe’s vision for the United States.[4] Yet the era was not without controversy. The hotly debated Missouri Compromise of 1820 created a balance of power between the slave states of the south and the free states of the north. The law called for Missouri’s admittance as a slave state and Maine as a free state, and prohibited slavery from the Louisiana Territory north of the 36° 30´ latitude line.[5] This was a compromise created out of various bills passed by both the House and the Senate who could not agree on whether to admit Missouri as a slave or free state. The law would remain in effect until the Kansas-Nebraska was passed in 1854. The debate about slavery was an instrumental part of Indiana’s own founding, with factions on every side. State Events & Legislative Responses Indiana officially became a state on December 11, 1816, but the push for statehood traces back to before the War of 1812. Due to battles between British-leaning Native Americans and the United States, the Indiana Territory did not have the 60,000-residents status until after the conflict. Nevertheless, on April 19, 1816, the United States Congress passed the Enabling Act, which allowed for Indiana to petition for statehood.[6] Delegates met in Corydon in the summer of 1816, and on June 29, they signed the newly-drafted constitution. This new constitution created a General Assembly, comprised of a House of Representatives and a Senate, with members serving one and three years, respectively.[7] The state constitution also authorized the General Assembly to create a primary and secondary public education system, which included Indiana University[8] Constitutional elm in Corydon, under which constitutional delegates reportedly met during the convention, courtesy of Allen County Public Library, accessed Indiana Memory. During its first ten years, the General Assembly faced many challenges, but the issue that divided its legislators the most was slavery. Admitted to the union in 1816 as a free state, Indiana nonetheless was politically fragmented on the issue. Indiana’s first Governor, Jonathan Jennings, led a wing of fiercely anti-slavery Democratic-Republicans (the only party of consequence in Indiana at the time). On the other side, the James Noble faction was pro slavery and the William Hendricks faction was neutral on the conflict.[9] To settle these divisions, the General Assembly passed a measure in 1816 that outlawed “man-stealing,” which authorized indentured servitude only if the claimant could substantiate his case in court, otherwise it was considered slavery and illegal under the Indiana Constitution.[10] This ensured a compromise that kept all parties happy but allowed some forms of slavery in Indiana well into the 1830s.[11] Other pressing matters in the first ten years of Indiana’s statehood included funding, construction of infrastructure, and selecting a new state capital. An Ohio Falls Canal, along the Ohio River, was proposed with financial allotments enacted by the General Assembly in 1818. However, by 1825, the canal project collapsed; poor management of its finances and Kentucky’s finished Ohio River Canal destroyed any chances of Ohio Falls Canal’s completion.[12] Yet, these setbacks only served as a catalyst for future internal improvements. In 1820 and 1823, the General Assembly passed roadway legislation that, “provided for twenty-five roads along definite routes through various counties, including five that were to be routed to the site of the new seat of government [Indianapolis].”[13] Costing over $100,000, these new roadway systems began the layout of Indiana’s infrastructure. Courtesy of the Indiana State Library, Indiana Division, accessed The Indiana Historian. While Corydon served the state well as its first capital, northern migration facilitated the need for a more centralized seat of government by 1820. Named “Indianapolis” by state Representative Jeremiah Sullivan, the new state capital was surveyed by Alexander Ralston and Elias P. Fordham. Ralston, a surveyor and city planner who had worked in Washington, D.C., surveyed plats for Indianapolis in a similar design to the nation’s capital. In 1822, the General Assembly approved a law authorizing plat sales to facilitate the transfer of government and the construction of a Marion County Courthouse. In the 9th session of the General Assembly in 1824, Indianapolis was made the legal capital of the State of Indiana and chose Samuel Merrill, the State Treasurer, to oversee the arduous task of moving the government. It took eleven days to trek the 125 miles to the new capital, but Merrill and the Indiana General Assembly had finally arrived at their permanent home.[14] Notable Legislators Thomas Hendricks, Governors’ Portrait, accessed Indiana Historical Bureau. Thomas Hendricks was a State Representative and State Senator from 1823-1831 and 1831-1834, respectively. He represented Decatur, Henry, Rush, and Shelby Counties. Wearing many hats, Hendricks served as a school superintendent, surveyor for Decatur County, and a Colonel of the Indiana militia in 1822. He was the first in the long and illustrious Hendricks family line to be in Indiana public service. His brother, John Hendricks, also served in the Indiana General Assembly and his nephew Thomas A. Hendricks later became the twenty-first Vice President of the United States.[15] Justice Isaac Blackford, courtesy of Courts in the Classroom. Isaac Newton Blackford was the first Speaker of the Indiana House of Representatives, serving in the role from 1816-1817. Born in New Jersey and a graduate of Princeton, Blackford began his life in the Hoosier state as the Washington County Recorder. After a stint in the Indiana House of Representatives as its first Speaker, he went on to become an Indiana Supreme Court Justice, a role he filled until 1853. While never elected to higher office, he was appointed the United States Court of Claims in 1853, adjudicating cases until his death in 1859. Blackford is notable for his deep involvement in both the legislative and judicial branches of Indiana government, a role he pioneered and would have many follow in his footsteps.[16] * See Part Two: Surveying, the First Statehouse, and Financial Collapse (1826-1846) Session Dates and Locations, Number of Legislators, Number of Constituents[17] 1st General Assembly: November 4, 1816-January 3, 1817. 10 Senators and 30 Representatives. Roughly 6,390 constituents per Senator and 2130 constituents per Representative. 2nd General Assembly: December 1, 1817-January 29, 1818. 10 Senators and 29 Representatives. Roughly 6,390 constituents per Senator and 2,203 constituents per Representative. 3rd General Assembly: December 7, 1818-January 2, 1819. 10 Senators and 28 Representatives. Roughly 6,390 constituents per Senator and 2,282 constituents per Representative. 4th General Assembly: December 6, 1819-January 22, 1820. 10 Senators and 29 Representatives. Roughly 6,390 constituents per Senator and 2,203 constituents per Representative. 5th General Assembly: November 27, 1820-January 9, 1821. 10 Senators and 29 Representatives. Roughly 14,171 constituents per Senator and 5,075 constituents per Representative. 6th General Assembly: November 19, 1821-January 3, 1822. 16 Senators and 44 Representatives. Roughly 9,199 constituents per Senator and 3,345 constituents per Representative. 9th General Assembly: January 10, 1825-February 12, 1825. 17 Senators and 46 Representatives. Roughly 8658 constituents per Senator and 3,200 constituents per Representative. The 1st-8th General Assemblies met in Corydon, IN and the 9th was the first General Assembly that met in the new capital of Indianapolis. [1] Stella Ghervas, “The Congress of Vienna: A Peace for the Strong.” History Today, last modified 2014, accessed September 11, 2014, http://www.historytoday.com/stella-ghervas/congress-vienna-peace-strong. [3] Logan Esarey, History of Indiana (Bloomington: Hoosier Heritage Press, 1969), 209. [4] For an overview of this period, see “American Political History: “Era of Good Feeling.” Eagleton Institute of Politics: Rutgers University, last modified 2014, accessed September 4, 2014, http://www.eagleton.rutgers.edu/research/ americanhistory/ap_goodfeeling.php. [5] “Annals of Congress, House of Representatives, 16th Congress, 1st Session, Pages 1587 & 1588 of 2628.” A Century of Lawmaking for a New Nation: U.S. Congressional Documents and Debates, 1774 – 1875: Library of Congress, last modified July 30, 2010, accessed September 4, 2014, http://memory.loc.gov/cgibin/ampage?collId=llac&fileName=036/llac036.db&recNum=155. [6] James H. Madison, The Indiana Way: A State History (Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 1986), 50. [7] Ibid, 53. [9] Jacob Piatt Dunn , Indiana and Indianans. (New York and Chicago: American Historical Society, 1919), 334 [10] Ibid, 341. [11] James H. Madison, The Indiana Way, 54. [12] Justin E. Walsh, The Centennial History of the Indiana General Assembly, 1816-1978 (Indianapolis, Indiana Historical Bureau, 1987), 24. [13] Ibid, 26, f.117. [14] Ibid, 14-16. [15] Charles W. Calhoun, Alan F. January, Elizabeth Shanahan-Shoemaker and Rebecca Shepherd, A Biographical Directory of the Indiana General Assembly, Volume 1: 1816-1899 (Indianapolis, Indiana Historical Bureau, 1980), 178. [16] Minde C., Richard Humphrey, and Bruce Kleinschmidt, “Biographical Sketches of Indiana Supreme Court Justices,” Indiana Law Review 30, no. 1 (1997): 333. [17] This data is compiled from two major sources: Charles W. Calhoun, Alan F. January, Elizabeth Shanahan-Shoemaker and Rebecca Shepherd, A Biographical Directory of the Indiana General Assembly, Volume 1: 1816-1899 (Indianapolis, Indiana Historical Bureau, 1980), 437-446 and James H. Madison, The Indiana Way, 50, 59, 325. Author Justin ClarkPosted on August 23, 2017 September 7, 2017 Categories UncategorizedTags Alexander Ralston, canals, constitution, Corydon, Elias P. Fordham, Enabling Act, General Assembly, Indiana History, Indianapolis, infrastructure, Isaac Newton Blackford, James Noble, Jonathan Jennings, Legislature, Samuel Merrill, slavery, state capital, statehood, territory, Thomas Hendricks, William Hendricks Thomas A. Hendricks: “The Constitution as it is, the Union as it was” Governor Thomas Andrew Hendricks, Governors’ Portrait Collection, accessed Indiana Historical Bureau. Thomas A. Hendricks (1819-1885), an attorney from Shelbyville and, later, Indianapolis, became the most prominent Democrat in Indiana during the Civil War era. As such, he articulated the conservative Democratic position most forcefully and memorably. This stance can be summed up in the words, “The Constitution as it is, the Union as it was.” Hendricks was also known for his outspoken white supremacist, but antislavery, views. His frequently quoted remark, uttered on the floor of the U.S. Senate, reveals this attitude: “This is the white man’s Government, made by the white man, for the white man.” In a storied career that included single terms as senator, governor, and election in 1884 to the vice presidency of the United States, Hendricks spent nearly four decades in public life. First elected to the Indiana House of Representatives in the late 1840s and then to Congress in 1851, he was appointed by President Franklin Pierce (and later reappointed by President James Buchanan) to lead the extremely busy General Land Office during a period of numerous and generous land grants. Increasingly out of step with Buchanan’s proslavery and anti-homestead bill policies, Hendricks resigned his Washington position in 1859. Governor Oliver P. Morton, Governors’ Portraits Collection, accessed Indiana Historical Bureau. He returned to Indiana, and almost immediately found himself at the head of the Democratic Party ticket as it attempted to retain control of the state’s reins of power. However, although 1860 was a Republican year, Hendricks fared better against his gubernatorial opponent, Henry S. Lane, than did the rest of the Democratic ticket. Then, according to a pre-arranged agreement, Governor Lane was chosen by the Republican-controlled General Assembly to become Indiana’s new United States senator. The energetic and ambitious lieutenant governor, Oliver P. Morton, then became governor and served throughout the Civil War. It was a different story in the off-year elections of 1862, when the unpopularity of the war and many of President Abraham Lincoln’s policies—especially his emancipation plan—resulted in a Democratic sweep of state offices, including control of the Indiana General Assembly. When this body elected another new senator, the popular Hendricks was chosen. In office from 1863 to 1869, Senator Hendricks was involved with the final years of the Civil War and the first years of Reconstruction. Initially, he stoutly supported the Union’s war effort, but not the plans for the emancipation of African American slaves. After the war, he spoke out against (and voted against) the three so-called Civil War Amendments (the 13th, 14th and 15th) to the federal Constitution. In his view, the impassioned feelings of the immediate postwar era and the absence of representatives in Congress from eleven states, made the times “unpropitious” for making basic constitutional changes. Governor Conrad Baker, Governors’ Portraits Collection, accessed Indiana Historical Bureau. Obviously, Hendricks’s views resonated with his fellow Hoosier Democrats, and while still a senator he was nominated to run again for governor in 1868. Hendricks was narrowly defeated by the incumbent governor, Conrad Baker, who had succeeded Morton when he went to the U. S. Senate in 1867. Hendricks retained his personal popularity and ran a third time, successfully, for the governor’s seat in 1872, serving from 1873 to 1877. Still not done with electoral politics, the charismatic governor was Samuel J. Tilden’s running mate in the famous “disputed election of 1876,” in which the Democratic team received more votes than did their opponents, but a partisan Electoral Commission awarded the victory to Republicans Rutherford B. Hayes and William A. Wheeler. Campaign poster for Grover Cleveland and Thomas A. Hendricks, 1884, courtesy of PBS Learning Media. Hendricks’ final campaign came in 1884 when he reluctantly, for health reasons, agreed to join Grover Cleveland at the head of the Democratic Party ticket. Successful this time, Hendricks’ service as vice president was destined to be short. Inaugurated in March 1885, the Hoosier politician died at his home in Indianapolis in November 1885. Regarding Hendricks’ Civil War years in Indiana, there is no evidence that he was a member of any “dark lantern” society, the Knights of the Golden Circle, the Sons of Liberty, or the Order of American Knights; nor was he a Copperhead, if one defines that term as a Northerner who supported the South during the war. If, however, one defines the term more broadly to include those who opposed the Lincoln administration and, following Lincoln’s death, the Radical Republican agenda, then, of course, Hendricks certainly belongs in that category. Greenback bill, issued March 1863, courtesy of Museum of American Finance. He was an outspoken critic of what he considered the excesses of Lincoln’s wartime policies, including emancipation, suspension of the writ of habeas corpus, high tariffs, the issuance of “greenbacks” and other banking policies that he believed aided the New England states at the expense of western states, and many more extra-military actions by both the state and national administrations. In particular, Hendricks lambasted the Lincoln administration in a major speech in Indianapolis on January 8, 1862, during the state Democratic Party convention, which in its platform condemned the Republicans for rejecting compromises that might have averted war, and for its violations of freedom of the press and the domestic institutions of sovereign states. But Hendricks consistently supported the war to save the Union, urged compliance with the draft, and deplored armed resistance to its enforcement. Thomas A. Hendricks monument at the Indiana State House, accessed Wikipedia.org. In May 1863, at the time of another party gathering in Indianapolis, Hendricks was threatened by an unauthorized band of roaming soldiers when he attempted to speak. The melee that followed led up to the events known as the “Battle of Pogue’s Run.” Hendricks was also at the center of a volatile situation when he joined Governor Morton on the steps of the state house in eulogizing the assassinated president; Morton’s stern demeanor quieted the protesters, following cries of “Hang him” aimed at Hendricks, and the Democrat was able to continue his remarks. Ironically, this episode occurred near the site on the current State House grounds where a tall monument with a larger than life-size statue of Hendricks was erected in 1890 and still stands. Gray, Ralph D. “Thomas A. Hendricks: Spokesman for the Democracy,” in Gray, ed., Gentlemen from Indiana: National Party Candidates, 1836-1940. Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Bureau, 1977. Holcombe, John W., and Hubert M. Skinner. Life and Public Services of Thomas A. Hendricks with Selected Speeches and Writings. Indianapolis: Carlon and Hollenbeck, 1886. Neely, Jr., Mark E., The Fate of Liberty: Abraham Lincoln and Civil Liberties. New York: Oxford University Press, 1991. Stampp, Kenneth M. Indiana Politics during the Civil War. Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Bureau, 1949. Tredway, G. R. Democratic Opposition to the Lincoln Administration in Indiana. Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Bureau, 1973. Author Ralph D. GrayPosted on August 21, 2017 Categories UncategorizedTags Abraham Lincoln, antislavery, banking, Battle of Pogue's Run, Civil War, congress, constitution, Copperhead, Democrat, Election of 1876, emancipation proclamation, freedom of press, Governor Conrad Baker, Governor Samuel J. Tilden, Governor Thomas A. Hendricks, greenbacks, Grover Cleveland, Henry S. Lane, House of Representatives, Indianapolis, Knights of the Golden Circle, monument, Oliver P. Morton, Order of American Knights, racist, Reconstruction, senator, Shelbyville, Sons of Liberty, Vice President, white supremacist, writ of habeas corpus Indiana State Fair Highlights: Velocipedes, Lady Aviators, and “Better” Babies Map of the 1852 Indiana State Fairgrounds. The first State Fair was held in what is today Military Park in downtown Indianapolis. Photo courtesy of “Indiana’s Best: An Illustrated Celebration of the Indiana State Fairgrounds.” Indiana is, and always has been, an agricultural state. Nearly 50% of men were listed as farmers on the 1850 census and nearly thirteen million acres of farmland stretched across the Hoosier state. In order to foster the advancement of agricultural techniques, Governor Joseph Wright urged the Indiana General Assembly to establish the State Board of Agriculture, which it did in 1852. “An Act for the Encouragement of Agriculture” was approved on February 17, 1852 and read, in part: “Be It Enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Indiana…that it shall be the duty [of the societies formed under the provisions of this act] to offer and award premiums for the improvement of soils, tillage, crops, manures, improvements, stock, articles of domestic industry, and such other articles, productions and improvements, as they may deem proper…” In order to “offer and award premiums,” the board needed to establish somewhere for farmers across the state to gather and display both their skills and the products of their skills. To this end, the first Indiana State Fair was held from October 20 to October 22, 1852. While the fair was established for the advancement of agriculture, many other attractions have graced state fair bulletins in the 165 years since that first state fair. Here, we explore just a few. Velocipedestrianism Illustration demonstrating the various forms of velocipedes in the late 19th and early 20th century. Image from Brockhaus’ Conversations-Lexikon: allegemeine deutsche, Volume 16. Accessed google books. In 1869, one of the attractions found on the fairgrounds was “Velocipedestrianism.” A velocipede is any human-powered vehicle with wheels. Today, we might call them bicycles, though there were velocipedes with anywhere from one to five wheels. Early forms required the rider to propel the vehicle with their feet, but in the 1860s pedals were added, making them faster. There were nine entries in the “Mile Trial” at the 1869 state fair. The winner, W.V. Hoddy of Terre Haute, finished in 8 minutes, 45 seconds and took home a $50 premium for his efforts. There was also a competition for the “Most Artistic Management of [a] Velocipede” which only had three entries. Unfortunately, there is no mention of what made Willie Domm’s management of his velocipede so exceedingly artistic. Illustration of 1860s Velocipede. The Plymouth Democrat, January 28, 1869, page 4, accessed Newspapers.com. Mr. McGowan’s High Diving Horses Advertisement for “World’s Famous” high diving horses. The Indianapolis Journal, June 1, 1901, page 6. Accessed Newspapers.com. “Mr. E. J. McGowan was present and presented a bill for extra expense in connection with the diving horses contract.” This is the only hint found in the State Board of Agriculture Report of one spectacle which occurred at the 1904 Indiana State Fair: high diving horses. Newspapers give the story a bit more color; local business man Hugh McGowan bought two horses, named King and Queen, who had been trained to dive from a forty-five foot platform into a pool of water. According to one article, “the method of training the animals was unique. When sucking colts, each was placed on a bluff overlooking a pond, on the other side of which were placed their mothers. At dining times, they were glad enough to make the leap and they have had to keep up the practice ever since.” The horses were a regular attraction at Fairview Park in Indianapolis as early as 1901 and were still doing regular dives as late at 1907. Example of high diving horses. While this photo was not taken at the State Fair, the set-up was similar to that of the 1904 fair. Photo courtesy of the Daily Mail. Ruth Law: “Lady Aviator” Newspapers announced the arrival of Ruth Law, an early American aviator, for the 1915 state fair with headlines like “Ruth Law, Lawless Skimmer of the Sky.” Most articles concentrated on her gender, noting that “she is just an ambitious, darling, feminine little slip . . . ” Unarguably ambitious, Law was one of only two female pilots in 1915 and had earned her flying certificate less than ten years after the Wright brother’s famed first flight. In fact, she bought her first biplane from Orville Wright himself. At the 1915 fair, she put on a grand show, performing “loop-to-loops,” daring dives, and buzzing the audience. She brought with her George Mayland, the “miraculous human fly,” who would accompany her on her flights to jump from the plane at a height of 2,000 feet and float to the ground on a parachute, to the amazement of the crowd. Law went on to break several flying records in her career, challenging gender stereotypes and encouraging a new generation of women to take to the skies. Newspaper announcement of Ruth Law’s presence at the Indiana State Fair. The Brookville Democrat, August 12, 1915, page 7, accessed Newspapers.com. “Better” Babies for Indiana Better Babies Building on the Indiana State Fairgrounds. Today the building houses Hook’s Historic Drug Store and Pharmacy Museum. Photo courtesy of IUPUI. The state fair of the 1920s facilitated the Better Babies Contest, overseen by the Board of Health and managed by Dr. Ada Schweitzer. These were not the baby contests of today, where babies are judged on their personalities and appearance. Rather, they were meticulously scored based on health and hygiene criteria. In her 2007 article “’We Cannot Make a Silk Purse Out of a Sow’s Ear’ Eugenics in the Heartland,” Alexandra Minna Stern described the contests: “Before the event, infants were separated into groups based on age (12-24 months or 24-36 months), sex, and place of residence. Those categorized as city babies lived in places with 10,000 inhabitants or more, and those remaining were rural entrants. Once their children were registered, parents-usually mothers-came to the contest building at a designated time. As the mothers entered the building they handed their enrollment form to an attendant, who recorded their names. Then the baby was whisked to the next booth, where its overall health history was taken by a nurse. Mental tests designed for each age group followed, as psychologists observed if infants could stand, walk, speak, how they manipulated blocks and balls, and responded to questions such as “How does the doggie do?” and “Who is the baby in the mirror?” Mental tests completed, the babies were then undressed and their clothes placed in a paper bag and tagged. Identically robed in shaker flannel togas, each toddler was now weighed and measured. From here the baby was examined by an optometrist, a pediatrician, and an otolaryngologist, then weighed and measured a second time, and lastly, presented with a bronze medal on a blue ribbon, courtesy of the Indianapolis News.” Doctors complete the physical examination of prospective better babies, 1931. Photo courtesy of Indiana Archives. The scoring was scrupulous; each baby began the process with 1000 points and along the way, points were deducted for “physical defects” such as scaly skin, delayed teething, and abnormal ear size. Awards were given to those babies who scored the highest. Most “best babies” scored over 990. The highest score ever given was to Alma Louise Strohmeyer in 1923; she scored a whopping 999.92813. Better Baby Contest advertisement, 1930. Courtesy of the Indiana State Library, accessed Indiana Memory. On the surface, Dr. Schweitzer and the Indiana State Board of Health had admirable goals: to “lower infant and maternal death rates and to convince Indianans of the importance of scientific motherhood and child rearing.” However, underlying implications are less admirable. Through these contests, Dr. Schweitzer hoped to “breed” a new, better generation of Hoosiers. Many of her ideas came directly from the eugenics movement, which was popular across America in the early 20th century. The exclusion of African American and immigrant babies from the contests endorsed the widespread nativist and xenophobic ideas of the time. The assumption that socioeconomic standing was determined by genetics, and not environment, was central to sterilization laws implemented in the state. While Better Baby Contests ended in 1933, the eugenics movement persisted in the state for decades; Indiana’s last compulsory sterilization law was not repealed until 1974. For more snippets of Indiana State Fair history, check out Episode 6 of Talking Hoosier History, “Stories from the Indiana State Fair.” In it, we explore five fair occurrences: when farmers gathered in 1852 to learn about the latest innovations and compete for prizes; the Victorian moral controversy behind treating people like objects via sideshows; the 1964 Beatles performance; Jessop’s Butterscotch Corn and the young woman who built the business out of the back of a wagon; and Hook’s Drug Store Museum. Author Lindsey BeckleyPosted on August 15, 2017 August 11, 2017 Categories Uncategorized THH: Episode 6: Scenes from the Indiana State Fair Transcript of Scenes from the Indiana State Fair Jump to the Show Notes Written by Lindsey Beckley from original research Produced by Lindsey Beckley and Jill Weiss [Circus music] Lindsey Beckley: The history of the Indiana State Fair is made of millions of scenes. Fascinating, incredible, and shocking scenes… witnessed in exhibit halls, from the stands of the colosseum, and in the cloth tents of the sideshows. Scenes of friends and families enjoying a day of leisure, of farmers learning about the most recent innovations, of couples winning giant stuffed animals, and of kids trying cotton candy for the very first time. So, in this episode of Talking Hoosier History, we bring you just a few of those scenes that, when put together, will give a glimpse into the rich and vibrant history of the Indiana State Fair. [Talking Hoosier History theme music] Hello, and welcome to Talking Hoosier History, brought to you by the Indiana Historical Bureau. For over a century, we’ve been marking Hoosier history. Now, it’s time to start, Talking Hoosier History. I’m Lindsey Beckley and I’ll be your guide through the fair. Beckley: Scene one: The First Fair In 1850, nearly 60 percent of all men in Indiana were farmers. Twelve million, seven hundred ninety-three thousand, four hundred and twenty two acres of fertile farmland stretched across the Hoosier state. It’s no surprise, then, that Indiana Governor Joseph Wright was concerned with the advancement of agriculture in his state. In order to encourage steady progress, Governor Wright urged the Indiana General Assembly to pass an act establishing the State Board of Agriculture, whose mission was to move Indiana to the forefront of farm production. One way in which the board fostered development was by establishing a place for farmers to share new ideas and theories as well as exhibit the products of their hard work. To facilitate such a gathering, the first Indiana State Fair was held in 1852 in what is today Military Park in Indianapolis. From October 20st to October 22nd, over 1000 farmers gathered to display over thirteen hundred exhibit entries. Cash premiums were awarded in such categories as “best 3 year old bull,” “best stallion for heavy draft,” “best manure fork,” and “best lot of butter made from 5 cows in 30 consecutive days.” Unfortunately, no award was given that year for “best pair men’s cowhide shoes.” The fair was a rousing success. Attendance was estimated at 30,000, an impressive number considering that this was well before automobiles and paved roads made travel fast and convenient. One Monroe County farmer wrote about the fair Voice actor reading fron newspaper:…It reflects honor upon all, and must make every ‘Indianan’ more proud of his state, for its inventive genius and skill’ its preserving industry and energy…No one doubts that important results will flow from this exhibition. [Transition music] Beckley: Scene two: “Curiosities, Rarities, Oddities…” In 1870, all non-educational attractions were banned from the Indiana State Fair. It wasn’t the first time, and it wouldn’t be the last. Throughout the early years of the fair, board members struggled to strike a balance between educational exhibits that would advance the state’s agricultural progress and attractions that would draw in enough people to offset the fair costs… whether the board liked it or not, sideshows were among the most popular attractions for the average Hoosier. At the first fair, there were reports of grizzly bears, a learned pig, and trained seals on display. But it wasn’t always just strange or exotic animals that were showcased in these traveling sideshows. Sometimes, the recipients of the pointing fingers and the wide eyes were entirely human. [Somber music] Beckley: This era of show biz history is sometimes called the “freak show era,” after the so called freaks who were often billed as their main attraction. In reality, those called “freaks” were just regular people with visible differences from the average person. Some were discriminated against because of the way they were born. They were called “born different” people. Some were gawked at due to some strange skill or physical feat they could perform. Show runners said those people were “made freaks.” Some were simply very tall, very short, obese, or from a different land. Promoters labeled them as “curiosities, rarities, oddities, wonder, mistakes, prodigies, special people, and sometimes even monsters.” Sometimes, these people had chosen to join the show but more often, they were driven to do so out of desperation after being turned away from society or even sold into the shows as children. Knowing this, it’s not too surprising that sideshows were such a controversial topic. What may be surprising, though, is why they were controversial. Victorian morality is often cited as the root of the contention, but not in the way that I assumed when doing my research; oftentimes, it was the people thronging in to see the sideshows that moral authorities were concerned with, rather than the performers themselves. For example, in his argument for the 1870 ban on sideshows, fair board superintendent John Sullivan did not express concern about the human beings in the shows being treated as no more than objects of curiosity, rather, he was concerned that the shows would detract from the educational aspects of the fair, asking Voice actor reading from Sullivan: Does the young lad remember more of Fine Art Hall than of the snake show? Are the impressions formed in the first as lasting as in the second? Beckley: He also expressed disgust towards the type of people that would attend such a show, saying: Voice actor reading from Sullivan: They bring in their trail the worst classes of thieves and scoundrels of low and high degree. Beckley: Similarly, in 1901, the State Board of Agriculture endeavored to Voice actor reading from Sullivan: make this fair of such a character as would appeal to the best element of society- a fair where the most refined and Christian lady could take her children and enjoy a day in viewing the wonderful progress displayed Beckley: and so the fairgrounds and the surrounding area were cleared of “anything that would offend refined tastes,” and that included the sideshows. Time and again, the prohibition of sideshows at the fair came with admonishments about the moral influence of the people in the shows, instead of moral outrage at the treatment of those people. It would be decades before the sideshows closed for good. Some sources link the rising consciousness of equality for people with disabilities and the establishment of the Americans with Disabilities Act with the close of this dark chapter of the Indiana State Fair. [Crowd noises] Beckley: Scene three: “Hush! Those Beatles are in Indiana” If you run a search of digitized Indiana Newspapers from 1960 to 1963 for the term “The Beatles” you get a little over 50 results. Running that same search for 1964 brings up over forty-five hundred results. It’s safe to say that Indiana, along with the rest of America, caught Beatle-mania in 1964 when the pop group launched their first American tour. The mania reached a crescendo in Indiana when, on September 3, the Fab Four came to the Indiana State Fair. The news was announced on April 8 and was accompanied by headlines like: Voice actor reading from newspaper: Singing Beatles will appear at Indiana State Fair Beckley: and Voice actor reading from newspaper: Hoosiers and the Beatles Beckley: and lots of “Yeah Yeah Yeah’s.” Tickets to the two shows, one in the Indiana State Fair coliseum, and one in front of the grandstand, were sold out even before they were printed, leading one teen to write to an Indiana Congressman pleading for help in obtaining a ticket. “If I cannot see the Beatles,” she wrote, “I’ll surely wither away.” The preparations for the band were extensive. After seeing the group mobbed by crazed fans in other cities, security was made a top priority; a security force of over 150 police officers and State Troopers were assigned to guard the Beatles and the stage. After hearing of young girls fainting and collapsing during other concerts, plans for the medical care of fans were formed, including strategically placed stretchers and ambulances as well as the presence of medical personnel. Finally, all that was left to do was welcome the “mop-heads” and the madness that seemed to accompany them wherever they went. Arriving early on September 3, the group was whisked away to the Speedway Motel in Indianapolis by their security escort. A small group of fans had gathered at the hotel but they were mostly well behaved except for one young man who, impersonating a hotel waiter, snuck into what he thought was the Beatles room only to find it empty. Fans began arriving early for the coliseum show and the crowd surged with excitement each time someone thought they had glimpsed one of the band members. After tolerating several opening acts, it was the moment all those star struck teenagers had been waiting for. [Recording from concert] Beckley: The Band took the stage and opened with “Twist and Shout.” Beckley: The screaming was so loud that it all but drowned out the music. As girls were overcome by their excitement and fainted, Red Cross workers wound their way through the crowd to administer treatment. All told, 35 fans were treated at the Fairgrounds Red Cross hospital that day, all with Beatle related ailments. Beckley: After the 5 o’clock show, the English rockers were taken to the fair’s communications center for one of their famously droll press interviews which featured some real zingers, such as when, in response to the question “How do you stand on the [Vietnam] Draft?” John Lennon said, “About five foot, eleven inches.” Once the interview was complete, they had the pleasure of meeting the Indiana State Fair Queen, Cheryl Lee Garrett, who later said that while she had enjoyed meeting the Beatles, she had been more impressed with country music singer Tennessee Ernie Ford. Beckley: The second show went smoothly and it was late when the quartet made it back to the Speedway Motel with their police escort. In the wee hours of the morning, some of the state troopers found Ringo Starr sitting poolside. The troopers asked if Starr would like to go for a ride, and Starr accompanied them on a tour of the city. With dawn fast approaching, the group decided to stop at one of the troopers’ homes for breakfast but found that there was no food to be had. Instead, they had coffee while the trooper’s children snuck furtive peeks at the English rocker. The cup Starr drank from that morning sat in the family home for years to come, one of many keepsakes fans across the state treasured to remind them of the only time the Beatles ever made it to the Hoosier state. Beckley: Scene 4: Caroline Jessop: The Lady Confectioner Caroline Jessop started her business by hauling candy making-equipment from county fair to county fair in a trunk on a horse drawn carriage. It being a simple enterprise, not necessarily legally recorded, it’s not surprising that pinning down an exact start date for The Lady Confectioner’s stand is a difficult task. Reports of the date of its creation vary wildly; from as early as 1850 to as late as the 1870s. Considering Caroline Jessop was all of 11 years old in 1850, I think we can guess that she started a bit later. What is certain, is that by the early 20th century, Caroline Jessop had made a name for herself as one of the best candy makers in the Midwest and Jessop’s Candy became a staple of the Indiana State Fair. A magazine published by the Indiana State Fair Board called Hub of the Universe wrote that Jessop’s candy was “always known for its purity, her tent for its cleanliness.” Jessop’s most famous creation, butterscotch popcorn, was made from a recipe so secret, so safe, that it was eventually lost to time, although the sweet treat is still made using a recipe as close to the original as possible. Caroline Jessop and her family branched out from the confectioners business to other fair related industries. In her will, Caroline Jessop left her “fair ground outfit and confectionary outfit…to her three sons, Edward, Charles, and Joseph Jessop” and her “share of my Farris Wheel to her son Edward Jessop to be used or disposed of as he wishes.” As the family tree grew, they took on different fair routes, making the Jessop name nationally known. One 5th generation Jessop claimed that he had handed butterscotch corn to the likes of President Franklin D. Roosevelt and President Harry S. Truman. At some points in the history of the Indiana State Fair, the Jessop’s had as many as 7 stands scattered across the fairgrounds. In recent years, ever more bizarre food can be found at the State Fair. But right there alongside the deep fried Peanut Butter and Jelly sandwiches and deep fried BBQ bacon are the same Jessop classics: Butterscotch corn, saltwater taffy, and candy apples. All treats that the family has been selling to Hoosier fairgoers for generations. [Advertisement music] Speaking of Hoosier Women hard at work just like Caroline Jessup in that last scene, we’re excited to announce a Call for Papers for the third annual Hoosier Women at Work conference. The symposium will focus on the history of Indiana women in the arts and will be held at the Harrison Center for the Arts in Downtown Indianapolis on April 6, 2018. We hope you will submit your paper or panel idea by December 1 and help us expand the knowledge of Hoosier women’s work in the arts. Go to www.in.gov/history/hoosierwomenatwork to find out more or call the Indiana Historical Bureau at 317-232-2536. Now, back to the show. Beckley: Scene 5: Hook’s Dependable Drug Store Beckley: For over half a century, history loving fairgoers have had the opportunity to walk through the doors of the Hook’s Historic Drug Store Museum and be transported to a 19th century pharmacy and soda fountain. For all the times I’ve visited the building, located just inside gate 1 of the fairgrounds, I’ve never stopped to wonder why it was there until now. As a lover of history and of the Indiana State Fair, it only made sense for me to look into the only official Museum on the Fairgrounds while researching this episode dedicated to the Indiana State Fair. Beckley: While some younger listeners may never have heard of Hook’s Dependable Drug Store, Hoosiers of a certain age have memories of visiting their local Hook’s for not only their medicinal needs, but for candy, comics, soda, and more. John Hook opened his first apothecary in 1900 on the southeast side of Indianapolis. Eight years later, he partnered with Edward Roesch to open a second store, also in Indianapolis. The chain expanded to include 53 stores by Hook’s death in 1943. Hook’s returned to the hands of the family when “Bud” Hook took over as president after the death of his father’s business partner in 1956. It was under Bud that the chain expanded into one of the largest regional drugstores in America. The 1966 State Fair saw the opening of the Hook’s Historical Drug Store and Pharmacy Museum, originally planned as a temporary exhibit contributing to the Fair’s celebration of Indiana’s Sesquicentennial of statehood. Located in what was once the better babies building, the walls of the recreated apothecary were lined with mid nineteenth century pharmacy cabinets and the museum filled with antique drug store artifacts. At the time of its opening, newspapers reported that it was “the nation’s most complete and elaborate restoration” of a late 19th century drugstore. Highlights of the original store and museum included a collection of early patent medicines, advertising signs, and surgical and dental instruments. With visitation estimated at 130,000 visitors, the exhibit, which also functioned as a small drugstore, was wildly popular during the 1966 state fair. So popular that Bud Hook, along with the State Fair Board, decided to make it permanent. In the intervening years, upwards of three million people have visited the attraction and the museum claims it’s the most visited pharmacy museum in America. While you can’t see the Beatles at this year’s Indiana State Fair, you can see the latest agricultural innovations, taste Jessop’s original butterscotch corn, and take a walk through Hooks Drug Store Museum! I hope you enjoyed our tour through the 165 year history of the Indiana State Fair. Beckley: I’m Lindsey Beckley and this has been Talking Hoosier History. As always, a big thanks goes to sound engineer Jill Weiss and Justin Clark, the voice of newspapers here on the podcast. Find us on Facebook at Talking Hoosier History and on twitter at @TalkHoosierHist, that’s H I S T. And finally, please subscribe, rate, and review Talking Hoosier History wherever you get your podcasts! Thanks for listening! Show Notes for Scenes from the Indiana State Fair Avery, Julie. Agricultural Fairs in America Barrows, Robert and Bodenhamer, David. Encyclopedia of Indianapolis. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1994. Pg 748-750 Cross, Gary. Encyclopedia of Recreation and Leisure in America. New York City: Charles Scribners & Sons, 2004. Miner, Paul. Indiana’s Best: An Illustrated Celebration of the Indiana State Fairgrounds. Barker-Devine, Jenny. “Agricultural Fairs During the Nineteenth Century,” Iowa State University Center for Agricultural History and Rural Studies. Accessed 6/5/2017. http://rickwoten.com/AgFairs.html Devlin, Philip. “A Rich History: American Agricultural Fairs,” Durham Patch. Accessed 6/5/2017. https://patch.com/connecticut/durham/a-rich-history-american-agricultural-fairs. Harris, Betty, “The Beatles at the Indiana State Fair,” Traces Magazine of History, 14, No. 4 (2002): 24-35. Kniffen, Fred. “The American Agricultural Fair: The Pattern,” Annals of the Association of American Geographers 39, no. 4 (1949) : 264-282 http://www.jstor.org.proxy.ulib.uits.iu.edu/stable/2561229?Search=yes&resultItemClick=true&searchText=agricultural&searchText=fairs&searchText=in&searchText=america&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3Fprq%3Dfairs%2Bin%2Bamerica%26amp%3Bhp%3D25%26amp%3BQuery%3Dagricultural%2Bfairs%2Bin%2Bamerica%26amp%3Bacc%3Don%26amp%3Bso%3Drel%26amp%3Bfc%3Doff%26amp%3Bwc%3Don&refreqid=search%3A7882dd1c889fc1706228d3234ba4e5d2&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents Stringer, Katie. “The Legacy of Dime Museums and the Freakshow: How the Past Impacts the Present,” American Association for State and Local History 68, No. 4 (2013) : 13-18. http://www.jstor.org/stable/43503073 Annual report of the Indiana State Board of Agriculture Catalog Record. Accessed Hathi Trust. https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/000543590 Will of Caroline Jessop, deceased. Fayette, Wills, Vol G, 1915-1923. Page 90-91. Accessed 7/24/2017 Ancestry.com. Jill Weiss Jill is the sound engineer for Talking Hoosier History. She does everything from set up the recording equipment to selecting the music featured in each episode as well as actually mixing. Without Jill, Lindsey would just be sitting in an empty room talking to herself about history. Justin Clark Justin is a project assistant with the Hoosier State Chronicles newspaper digitization project who was recently awarded a two year grant for further work in newspaper digitization! He is also the voice of newspapers here on Talking Hoosier History. If you’re interested in reading historical newspaper articles or the many wonderful blog posts Justin has researched and written using those newspapers, visit Hoosier State Chronicles online. Author Lindsey BeckleyPosted on August 1, 2017 March 6, 2019 Categories Uncategorized	cc/2022-05/en_head_0000.json.gz/line280
__label__wiki	0.899466	0.899466	Posts tagged as “Yemen” How American Foreign Policy in Yemen Could Change under Biden By AnnapurnaJohnson on June 11, 2021 The Middle Eastern country of Yemen is home to both a civil war and a dramatic humanitarian crisis. A quarter-million people have died, many directly… The U.S. Must End Military Aid to Saudi Arabia By Lena Mizrahi on November 12, 2019 On September 1, 2019, nearly 100 civilians died in Saudi Arabia’s deadliest attack of the year — an overnight offensive on Dhamar, a city in… No Excuses: The Case Against Respecting Beliefs By Logan Goldberg on April 7, 2017 The Bible, like most books, isn’t perfect. While this statement is utterly incontrovertible, declaring it publicly would nonetheless get me killed throughout much of history,… Yemen on the Brink of Civil War By Old Writer on April 19, 2015 Yemen is on the brink of civil war, after the Houthis, a well-organized group of Shia rebels, put current interim President Abdrabbuh Mansour Hadi under… The Deal of the Decade By Manahil Shah on April 18, 2015 Many thought this day would never come. In an interesting turn of events, negotiations between the United States and Iran over a developing nuclear deal… Sectarian Strife in Yemen By Quinn Schwab on April 2, 2015 February 10th, the U.S. Department of State announced a formal withdrawal from its embassy in Sana’a, Yemen, in response to mounting Houthi power in the… A New Reign in Saudi Arabia By Priyanka Mohanty on February 24, 2015 On January 23rd, the global political sphere lost one of its longest standing participants when Saudi Arabia’s King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz Al Saud passed away.… The Most Dangerous Game: U.S. Military Engagement in Yemen By Ana Singh on November 12, 2013 As the U.S. prepares to withdraw its military presence from Afghanistan in 2014, the intelligence community has begun shifting the majority of its attention from…	cc/2022-05/en_head_0000.json.gz/line284
__label__cc	0.732191	0.267809	What Flower Do You Resemble? What do you call your other half? Love/Darling Sweetie/Honey Bunny/Kitty Your friends usually describe you as . . . What do you usually do on weekends? I hang out with friends. I go to the theatre/concert. I play sports. I take long walks. What do you value in friendship? "Daisy people" is not as simple as it may seem at first glance. Most often, extroverts are found among them. The external openness and smile shown do not indicate a child's credulity and naivety. These people are hardy, they can stand up for themselves. They know who is their friend and who is their enemy, who can be used for their purposes. The character of the people who were charmed by peony is quite contradictory: on the one hand, the person is vain, on the other – timid. How can this be? Yes, it is very simple: you want to get quite a lot so that it is not worse than others, but at least someone envied, but how to do it, mom and dad did not teach (most likely, they do not know how to do it themselves). The fear of failure in advance paralyzes any attempts to act in people of this type. In the character of a person who loves lilies, a strong sense of self-esteem, excessive pride, sometimes seen arrogance and even arrogance. Well, he's practically a King (or Queen)! Although this man is very energetic, there is a subtle charm in him. As a rule, people of this type are very refined natures. They like art in any form, theatrical performances, Grand concerts, bright shows. These flowers represent strong energy and at the same time loneliness. People who look at these plants with love, all their life forces are directed to one specific goal. Sometimes it can be an unquestioning submission to certain secret desires. Despite this seemingly positive beginning, these people often have a problem of communication properties. Someone who loves roses is a very active person. He is confident in his abilities, feels quite self-sufficient and bold in life. Representatives of this flower can love not only themselves but also to give love to others. Rose is a flower of divine love and beauty, that his whole appearance expresses the harmony of the inimitable and majestic tranquility. Fans of this flower match the plant itself: individuals have a very stable psyche, and their life as a whole can be called stable. Violets are loved by people who are primarily interested in their inner world. This does not mean that he is a melancholic nature or plays the role of a pessimist. But there must be a part of him that feels uneasy. A person who loves a chrysanthemum strives to be perfect in everything: in work, in love, and matters of everyday life... the Individual is characterized by seriousness. In the character of such a person, there is a certain coldness and detachment. Sunflower lovers radiate energy all around them. They are very fond of variety and strive to ensure that tomorrow is not like today and so day after day. The character of a person who loves lilacs, restrained in the manifestations of their feelings. This type of person is alien to all pretentiousness. Although there is a possibility that this external severity is a sign of sick self-esteem. In a critical situation, this individual can withdraw into himself, isolate himself from all his acquaintances. Repeatedly, the" lilac man " is visited by disappointments. Sometimes such people look for perfection in what is not created by human hands, but by life itself, for example, the wild nature. In some ways, lovers of lilac are similar to fans of violets: they are also refined individuals with a deep inner world, they also have a constant sense of anxiety that they feel. Orchids are close to the heart of a person who has a rather complex, but at the same time very original nature. Therefore, those who communicate with representatives of this type should sometimes listen to what the "Lily" offers. His non-standard ideas can help solve any problem.	cc/2022-05/en_head_0000.json.gz/line285
__label__cc	0.604886	0.395114	Technically this post has nothing to do with D&D. Hope you don't mind. A short time ago, Sersa V at Save Versus Death announced that he will discontinue support of that which we know as "Fourthcore". I admit I've been in that position before, and I can't blame him for feeling the way he does. I've mentioned this before, I think... Game design is sometimes a thankless job, and there isn't a worse feeling in the world than looking at that which gave you so much joy and thinking to yourself "this sucks". For every person that enjoys your creation, you'll always have ten others that will berate it every chance they get. Whether it's because they hate some aspect of it, whether they don't understand it, or even if they just feel like complaining about something... it will not be a pleasant expeirence. When you get a handful of people tell you "man, you're awesome!", you'll get a bucketful of people yelling "man, are you serious? What the hell are you thinking?!?" As a designer, you are left with a difficult decision. The way I see it, there are three options: Continue doing what you do in the way that you have been: The critics will continue to complain about it, regardless of whether the points they make have any validity. Ignore them and continue to develop games the way you have been because you want to; it is what brings you joy, and there is no reason to change. If you choose this route, you must be ready to accept that, over time, you may be the only person who plays your own game and the whole world might hate every fiber of your being (I've brought you John Romero before; he actually received death threats after releasing Daikatana), but at least you and you alone will have a good time designing it and a lot of fun playing it. Change the way you do things in order to adapt to the majority: If you do this, game design is no longer "fun"... it becomes "work". It becomes grueling, tiring, monotonous, depressing, and you yourself begin to hate that which you enjoyed not long ago. This could be compared to "selling out", where someone gives up their principles in order to create something that many more would play just because "more is better". Do something else: Pack as much as you can in to two suitcases and change your identity. Clean the slate and do something different. In one way or another, I've been through every one of the above situations... When The Opera was in development, I was creating the game that I wanted to create. And because I was mostly catering only to myself, the game could never be perfect enough to satisfy my own vision, so I continued to work on it to make it perfect. It took over two years to finish it as a result, but damn was I proud of it when it went gold. When the first version was released, I think that it was on a whopping three servers... compared to over 1,400 Counter-Strike servers. Sometimes I couldn't even find the server sitting on the ground next to my feet in the in-game browser. For the next version of The Opera, we decided to try and fix all the issues that people had with the game in the hopes that more people will play it. It went from "creating something cool" to "fixing something that's broken". The month before the release of The Opera v1.2 felt longer than the two years leading up to the first release, and it was such a frustrating experience that The Opera R2 never came. We just didn't have it in us, the excitement faded and the group parted ways. All this was during the time that Counter-Strike was a powerhouse in the mod community. Every product that was released was compared to Counter-Strike, and if it didn't come anywhere near being as good it never saw the light of day. Some brilliant mods for Half-Life were created during that time - Action Half-Life, Firearms, Day of Defeat, The Specialists, Natural Selection, etc... - but under the 800lb gorilla that was Counter-Strike they had no chance of success. Many of the designers sat around wondering "why are we doing this?" when nobody out there even knew they existed, and pretty soon Counter-Strike was the only mod that anyone cared about. That is the reason I no longer do video game design. It was an uphill battle that I could not win, and that which I had spent years doing was no longer fun... It was grueling, painful and demoralizing. I began to hate it. So I found something else to do; it's still game design, but not video game design. And I'm happy once again (at least for now)! Now I have another product: The Coming Dark, Chapter One. Honestly, I've been editing the thing over and over again for the past several weeks because it's not up to my expectations (I don't think it will ever be, but that's besides the point). When I release it, I know full well that there are many out there that will consider some of my design choices "wrong", hate some of the things I've done in it, or even burn it in a ritualistic ceremony in the front lawn just because the world must be cleansed of it. I would actually be surprised if anyone ever attempts to run this campaign. Quite frankly, I don't care... I'm creating it because I want to, because I have to for my own peace of mind. And the day I release it I will begin writing up Chapter Two and Chapter Three. If there is ever a time when I no longer enjoy it, when I feel this is a hardship that drains all the fun I had in creating the campaign, the project ends there. I go do something else, and life goes on. Fourthcore, at its heart, was a great concept: it was an effort to bring back the golden age of D&D, the kind of game that Gygax envisioned when he created Tomb of Horrors and similar modules. But a lot of people saw it as a subversion of 4e; it was simply "wrong" and had no place in the D&D 4e mechanic. It was something that was seemingly railroaded in to an existing system not meant to support it, a system that seemed to ignore a lot of rules and design guidelines that made 4e what it was (Note: I emphasize the word "seemed" because a lot of critics may not have ever read a Fourthcore module, and are simply basing their wild rants on what they think Fourthcore is due to its description). But being "wrong" isn't necessarily a bad thing; many wonderful things have resulted from someone doing something "wrong". I can think of several billion dollar industries that exist because someone created something "wrong" that had no synergy with its parent product, so they wound up branching it off and doing it on their own. Heck, you could argue that things like vulcanized rubber and microwave ovens exist because someone did something "wrong". So rather than trying to hammer the round peg in to the square hole, Sersa is moving on to create an entirely new product: "Wrath". This gives him artistic license to do anything he wants, and he won't have to worry about appeasing the screaming critics out there that continue to point out how Fourthcore doesn't "fit" in 4e. "Wrath" doesn't have to be a part of anything else; it stands on its own. For that, I applaud him and wish him the best of luck in this endeavour. As for the nature of Fourthcore itself, I'm sure it will live on. The concept of Fourthcore is bigger than one person, and I have no doubt many others will continue the tradition and keep the concept alive even if it isn't called "Fourthcore" anymore. For example, I myself am still considering the creating a "GammaCore" module one of these days. Sersa planted the seeds of Fourthcore, but in some ways it has taken roots all its own and will live on in the hearts and minds of its fans. If you're a designer, any type of designer, odds are you enjoy what you're doing; the thrill of creation is the reason you're doing it in the first place. But there will come a time when you will receive criticism and question whether it's all worth it. When that time comes, don't surrender. Either continue doing what you do because it's what you want to do or leave it all behind and move on the the next big adventure. Never let an outsider dictate what you do to have fun, because when you do it's no longer fun... it's work. And work sucks... Filed under: 4e, DnD, Fourthcore, RPG Comments Off theblindGM June 28th, 2011 - 20:28 The Id DM Very well said. I certainly work to live and not live to work. The blog I started has flirted with becoming work, and I definitely do not want that to happen, so I’m scaled back on how much time I devote to it. I want to have fun with it instead of feeling like I “have” to write, etc. In my personal life, there was a time when it looked like I was going to land in an academic career – teach a bit, conduct a lot of research and publish articles. I thought it would be a nice lifestyle, but it didn’t work out. I feel like I dodged a major bullet. The research articles I completed and published were time-consuming and I had to go through countless hours of getting crushed by feedback and reviewing and editing and rewriting. By the time I was “finished” with a research article, in some cases it was five years or more after I started the project. I “made my mark” in the field and then went on to other things. I didn’t feel the drive to keeping making a name for myself or whatever. I just want enough stability to live comfortably and enjoy life. Excess Houseruling » « The World-Ending Bag of Holding	cc/2022-05/en_head_0000.json.gz/line286
__label__wiki	0.627445	0.627445	Exploring the Southern Historical Collection Tag: governor Dr. Reginald A. Hawkins: North Carolina’s first African American gubernatorial candidatecan “The establishment has discounted the poor, the black, the low-income and liberal whites. It had been divide and conquer. This is the dream I have for North Carolina: to bring us together, black and white…Too long have black people sought a place at the bargaining table, only to receive the crumbs after dinner is over.” These were the words of Dr. Reginald Armistice Hawkins, given in a speech in 1968 as part of his campaign to become North Carolina’s governor. Dr. Hawkins, a dentist and ordained Presbyterian minister from Charlotte, made history with his 1968 gubernatorial bid as he was the first African American in the history of the state to make a run for the office. Today we feature this photograph, from the SHC’s Allard Lowenstein Papers (#4340), of Dr. Reginald Hawkins (at right) with Dr. Ralph David Abernethy, head of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference. This photograph is included in our current exhibit, “We Shall Not Be Moved: African Americans in the South, 18th Century to the Present,” on view until February 5, 2010. Dr. Ralph David Abernethy (left) and Dr. Reginald A. Hawkins at a campaign event in Raleigh, N.C., 27 April 1968. Photograph from Allard Lowenstein Papers, SHC #4340. Author Biff HollingsworthPosted on December 1, 2009 Categories African American, Civil Rights, PoliticsTags 1968, African American, Allard Lowenstein Papers, civil rights, Dr. Reginald A. Hawkins, governor, gubernatorial candidates, North Carolina, PoliticsLeave a comment on Dr. Reginald A. Hawkins: North Carolina’s first African American gubernatorial candidatecan Creator of the Month… The North Carolina Fund [Each month we feature a “creator” or one of the SHC’s manuscript collections. In archival terms, a creator is defined as an individual, group, or organization that is responsible for a collection’s production, accumulation, or formation.] The North Carolina Fund, an independent, non-profit, charitable corporation, sought and dispensed funds to fight poverty in North Carolina, 1963-1968. Governor Terry Sanford and other North Carolinians convinced the Ford Foundation to grant $7 million initial funding for a statewide anti- poverty effort aimed at rural and urban communities. This money–plus additional funding from the Z. Smith Reynolds Foundation; the Mary Reynolds Babcock Foundation; the U.S. Dept. of Labor; U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare; U.S. Dept. of Housing and Urban Development; and the Office of Economic Opportunity–enabled the Fund to support a broad program of education, community action, manpower development, research and planning, and other efforts to fight poverty. The Southern Historical Collection is proud to be the repository that preserves a giant collection (some 187,000 items) of the Funds records. To read more about the North Carolina Fund and to learn about the collection of North Carolina Fund papers preserved in the Southern Historical Collection, please view the finding aid for the North Carolina Fund Records, 1962-1971. Finally, we thought we’d note that a great deal of attention has been paid lately to the work of the North Carolina Fund and its volunteers. Rightfully so! In 2008, filmmaker Rebecca Cerese created the documentary “Change Comes Knocking: The Story of the NC Fund” to tell the history and legacy of the Fund. It’s a really great film. In fact, we’ll be hosting an event featuring Rebecca Cerese in the fall – check back soon for full details. We also understand that a book is soon to be published by UNC Press on the history of the Fund. The publishing of this book has been an integral part of a new UNC Press digital publishing venture called “Publishing the Long Civil Rights Movement.” You can read all about the new book and learn more about the project here. Author Biff HollingsworthPosted on June 18, 2009 Categories Activism, African American, Education, Featured Collections, Labor, Politics, Race RelationsTags 1960s, activism, anti-poverty, civil rights, community action, development, economic change, economic development, education, Ford Foundation, foundation, George Esser, governor, grassroots, housing, low-income, low-income housing, manpower, non-profit, North Carolina, North Carolina Fund, political change, poverty, programs, social change, Terry Sanford, U.S. Department of Labor, VISTA, Z. Smith ReynoldsLeave a comment on Creator of the Month… The North Carolina Fund Newly Revised and Described (21 May 2008) Albert Coates Papers (#3818) Albert Coates was director of the Institute of Government at the University, 1931-1962, and a professor in the University of North Carolina’s School of Law. The collection includes office and personal files of Albert Coates and his wife, Gladys Hall Coates. Boxes 1-6 contain materials, 1941-1965, relating to North Carolina nonprofit organizations apparently collected by Coates in preparation for a study of these agencies at the local administrative level. Included are annual reports and publications of a variety of social and community organizations, like the Boy Scouts and the Girl Scouts. Also included are materials about regional organizations arranged by place name, reports of various committees of the North Carolina Governor’s Commission on the Status of Women, and information about other North Carolina and national agencies. Miscellaneous items included two original manuscripts by Coates, “The Many Lives of North Carolina Women,” and “Palingenesis: An Example.” Boxes 8-36 chiefly contain office files, many of which relate to Coates’s tenure with the Institute of Government at the University of North Carolina. Edmiston, Kelley, and Flowers Family Papers (#5230) The Edmiston, Flowers, and Kelley families, primarily of Mississippi, Louisiana, and Alabama, are related through the marriages of William Kelley (1844-1897) to Mary Seraphina Flowers Kelley (1844-1937), and their daughter, Olive Kelley Edmiston (1887-1979), to Paul C. Edmiston Sr. (1881-1927). William Kelley was a physician in Tallulah, La., in the 1880s and 1890s. The papers consist primarily of family correspondence and genealogical materials, chiefly from Mississippi and Louisiana, gathered by Edmiston family members. Correspondence chiefly consists of letters between Saraphina Brooks Flowers of Bovina, Miss., and her daughter, Mary Saraphina Flowers Kelley, 1867-1868; letters between William Kelley of Tallulah, La., and his wife, Mary Saraphina Flowers Kelley, 1878-1897; telegrams sent to William Kelley regarding yellow fever cases in Louisiana, 1880s-1890s; and letters between Olive Kelley Edmiston and her mother, Mary Saraphina Flowers Kelley, 1900-1915. Some letters are from girls in school in Mississippi or Louisiana in the mid-19th century and early 20th century; others relate to African Americans in 19th-century Louisiana. Also included is a 1864 letter from Saraphina Brooks Flowers regarding her visit to the Union Army prison in Rock Island, Ill., where her son, a soldier serving with a Mississippi regiment, was a prisoner; an autograph album of William Kelley containing signatures of friends and acquaintances; naval records and other papers of Paul C. Edmiston Jr. serving as a naval radio officer, 1940s-1950s; photographs of various Edmiston and Flowers family members, 1850s-1950s; and a photograph album belonging to Olive Kelley Edmiston, circa 1900-1910, with some images of the 1904 Louisiana Purchase Exposition in Saint Louis, Mo. Genealogical materials include notes, prepared works, and a compact data disc documenting the lineage of the Edmiston, Kelley, and Flowers families. John Burgwyn MacRae (#478) John Burgwyn MacRae of Jackson, Northampton County, N.C., son of Episcopal rector Cameron F. MacRae and Julia Burgwyn MacRae, was a lawyer, owner of a large Roanoke River plantation, and diarist. The collection includes MacRae’s nine-volume daily diary, 1883-1916; letterpress copy books, 1886-1896, of MacRae; speeches by MacRae; and miscellaneous volumes and papers. The diary describes day-to-day life and events in Jackson, including including MacRae’s long-term relationship with a local African-American woman, his fishing expeditions, and his work as a steward in the State Penitentiary in Raleigh, N.C. Among others discussed in the diary are various members of the Burgwyn family and Matt Whitaker Ransom (1826-1904). Also included are letters, 1869-1870, from Kate MacRae to her father Cameron MacRae describing her travels in Europe; class notes from the University of North Carolina, 1886; a baseball club treasurer’s book and constitution, 1883; an account book, 1880-1889, containing accounts for meat, corn, cotton, and other goods; and political speeches and addresses given by MacRae at Confederate reunions and Masonic, Episcopal Church, and other organization meetings. Miscellaneous Papers (#517) Single or small groupings of items arranged in units by provenance. Included are tax forms, records of accounts, slave lists and bills of sale, land patents, schedules of debt, wills, marriage licenses, naturalization papers, invitations, proclamations, commissions, sermons, speeches, and reminiscences, predominantly from North Carolina, Virginia, and other southern states. There is little correspondence. Mordecai Family Papers (#847) Mordecai family of Warrenton and Raleigh, N.C., and Richmond, Va. Prominent family members included Jacob Mordecai (1762-1838); his sons Samuel (1786-1865), Solomon (1792-1869), and George W. (1801-1871); and his daughters Ellen (1790-1884), Emma (1812-1906), and Rachel Mordecai Lazarus (1788-1838). The collection consists of primarily personal letters (bulk 1810-1850) containing detailed information about family, social, and local events in Richmond and Petersburg, Va.; Raleigh, Warrenton, and Wilmington, N.C.; and Mobile, Ala. Subjects include the Mordecai Female Academy at Warrenton, N.C., 1809-1818; correspondence between Rachel Mordecai Lazarus and novelist Maria Edgeworth; activities in Virginia, North Carolina, and New Orleans during the War of 1812; travels of family members; Judaism; Ellen Mordecai’s writing and publishing; and births, deaths, and domestic activities. Emma Mordecai’s journal, 1864-1865, chronicles the fall of Richmond, Va. The Addition of January 2007 includes personal letters between family members; 1816 letters by Maria Edgeworth and Richard Lovell Edgeworth responding to Rachel Mordecai Lazarus’s letter concerning Edgeworth’s literary treatment of Jews; and reminiscences, song lyrics, and fragments. The Addition of September 2007 includes letters written to and by Mordecai family members, 1865 and 1916-1917, and one poem dated 1945. Sam Ragan Papers (#4490) Samuel Talmadge Ragan (1915-1996) was managing and executive editor of the News and Observer (Raleigh, N.C.), 1948-1969; editor and publisher of The Pilot (Southern Pines, N.C.), 1969-1996; award-winning poet; writing teacher; and supporter of the arts in North Carolina. Ragan served as the first secretary of the North Carolina Department of Art, Culture, and History from 1972 to 1973. In 1982, he was named Poet Laureate of the state of North Carolina by Governor James B. Hunt. He was also chair of the North Carolina Arts Council, chair of the North Carolina Writers’ Conference, and president of the Friends of Weymouth, which operates the Weymouth Center for Arts and Humanities in Southern Pines. Ragan died at his home in Southern Pines on 11 May 1996. Papers document Sam Ragan’s career as a journalist and his role as patron of the arts in North Carolina. Correspondence files include materials relating to newspaper organizations, the North Carolina Arts Council, North Carolina Writers’ Conference, North Carolina Writers’ Network, and the Weymouth Center for the Arts and Humanities. Subject files include information about the Freedom of Information Act and on the Free Press-Fair Trial confrontation of 1968, along with correspondence from various North Carolina writers. Writings include materials regarding Ragan’s The Tree in the Far Pasture (Blair, 1964), typescripts of commentaries from “Sam Ragan Reports,” which aired on WTVD television in Durham, and drafts of works by other writers. There are also materials relating to Ragan’s tenure at the News and Observer, typescripts of the columns, and letters to the editor used on the editorial page of The Pilot. Financial information chiefly relates to the The Pilot. Also included are photographs of Sam Ragan alone and with others and recordings of North Carolina Writers’ Conference banquet dinners. David L. Swain Papers (#706) David L. Swain was governor of North Carolina, president of the University of North Carolina, and a state legislator. The collection includes correspondence relating to Swain’s position as president of the University of North Carolina; his interest in the history of North Carolina in the colonial, Revolutionary War, and early national periods; and his activity as a collector of historical manuscripts. Also included are scattered items on politics and on railroad promotion in North Carolina and South Carolina. The few items of earlier and later dates are miscellaneous and family materials, with little relating to Swain’s active political career. Papers include correspondence with prominent state leaders and men of national importance in the fields of education and history, including William A. Graham, William H. Battle, William H. Haywood, Elisha Mitchell, John Motley Morehead, Thomas Ruffin, William W. Holden, Charles Phillips, and Cornelia Phillips Spencer. The volume, 1855-1868, contains accounts of debts owed to Swain and a list of his slaves. Also included are typed transcriptions of Swain correspondence, 1827-1868, probably prepared by former Southern Historical Collection Curator Carolyn Wallace as part of her research on Swain in the mid-1970s. These are not transcriptions of the original correspondence in these papers, but are likely transcriptions of original Swain materials held in the North Carolina Collection (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) and elsewhere. Alfred M. Waddell Papers (#743) Alfred M. Waddell was an author, historian, lawyer, Confederate Army officer, United States Representative, 1871-1879, and mayor of Wilmington, N.C., 1898-1905. The collection includes correspondence, writings, scrapbooks, and miscellaneous papers of Alfred M. Waddell. The bulk of the collection, 1875-1900, consists of correspondence with national and state Democratic Party leaders and members of the Cameron family and other prominent North Carolina families, legal correspondence, manuscripts and clippings of writings and speeches of a religious, literary, political, or historical nature, genealogical research into the DeRosset, Waddell, Moore, and Myers families, and correspondence with other writers and historians. There are some papers related to Waddell’s service in the Confederate Army during the Civil War with the 41st North Carolina Infantry Regiment, as well as his activities as mayor of Wilmington, N.C., especially his involvement in the white supremacy campaign and Wilmington Race Riot of 1898. Also included are a few colonial and early nineteenth-century papers of the related DeRosset, Moore, Nash, and Waddell families of Hillsborough, N.C., and Wilmington, N.C. Volumes in the collection include a letterpress copybook, 1886-1894, of Waddell’s law office; a recipe book, 1890, and scrapbooks belonging to Gabrielle (DeRosset) Waddell related to her involvement in the United Daughters of the Confederacy and Colonial Dames; and two notebooks belonging to Hugh Waddell, one containing notes on legal subjects, 1820s, and another containing notes on art, architecture, and classical literature. Author Matthew TuriPosted on May 21, 2008 Categories Collections, New CollectionsTags Albert Coates, Alfred M. Waddell, David L. Swain, Edmiston, Family, Flowers, Gladys Hall Coates, governor, John Burgwyn MacRae, Kelley, miscellaneous, Mordecai, North Carolina, Northampton County, poetry, Sam RaganLeave a comment on Newly Revised and Described (21 May 2008) A Winding Road: Starting to Explore Community-Driven Archives in a Post-Grant Context Visions for a Community-Driven Archive Budget as Morality in Community-Driven Archives Reflecting on our Community-Driven Archives Project, 2017-2021 Working with the Oral Histories Present in the Eastern Kentucky African American Migration Project Collection: “Always Be My Home” StoryMap Patricia Simpson on Eleven Reasons Why Everybody Should Buy the Studebaker Wagon (1877) Betty Becker on Working with the Oral Histories Present in the Eastern Kentucky African American Migration Project Collection: “Always Be My Home” StoryMap Jamie on Creator of the Month… Cone Mills Corporation konveksi tas jogja on Diverse Communities Bus Tour of Historic Durham: Black Wall Street pabrik tas jogja on Diverse Communities Bus Tour of Historic Durham: Black Wall Street Southern Sources Proudly powered by WordPress	cc/2022-05/en_head_0000.json.gz/line292
__label__wiki	0.688658	0.688658	Running Ponies Rare Ili Pika Photographed for the First Time in 20 Years If ever there was a face that read, "Goddamn it, they found me," this is it. That small, downturned mouth, ever-so-slightly ajar in a moment of panicked contemplation, it really just says it all. By Bec Crew on March 26, 2015 If ever there was a face that read, “Goddamn it, they found me,” this is it. That small, downturned mouth, ever-so-slightly ajar in a moment of panicked contemplation, it really just says it all. Meet the Ili pika (Ochotona iliensis), an endangered species that until last year, had not been seen in 20 years. Discovered in 1983 and formally described three years later, the species had to wait another 10 years to be properly studied in its cliff-face homeland atop China's Tian Shan Mountains in the northwest province of Xinjiang. In its 32 years on the record, just 29 individuals have been spotted, and it’s thought that the 2,000 or so adults estimated to exist back in the early 1990s has dwindled to less than half this, due to habitat loss and severely fragmented populations. A survey carried out between 2002 and 2003 turned up zero Ili pikas in 57 percent of the locations they’d been known to inhabit 20 years previously. Needless to say, these little guys are in some serious trouble. The image above was taken by Weidong Li from the Xinjiang Institute for Ecology and Geography, who had originally discovered the species. With a team of volunteers, Li had been scouring the mountains for signs of Ili pikas in early 2014, and as they were setting up their camera traps, they had an encounter with the curious fellow in the image above. "They found it hiding behind a rock, and they realised they had found the pika,” one of the team, Tatsuya Shin, told Carrie Arnold at National Geographic. "They were very excited." The Ili pika is one of the largest of the pika species, growing up to 250 grams and 20 centimetres long. Like other pika species, it’s evolved to live in cold climates, and makes its dens and burrows in the small crevices that cut into rocky mountainsides and cliff-faces. Pikas are known for the adorable peeps they make when they’re trying to communicate to each other, but for whatever reason, the Ili pika doesn’t seem to vocalise. (Although scientists have only seen 29 of them, so maybe they were just the quiet ones.) What makes the above photo particularly special, especially for Weidong Li, is that when he carried out the 2002 to 2003 surveys, which involved field exploration over 37 days in seven separate trips between the 14th of June and the 2nd of September 2002, and between the 8th of July and the 24th of September 2003, he and his team did not see one single Ili pika. They found traces of pikas, such as foot prints and droppings, but could not find a single live specimen. They discussed the results in the journal Oryx: “Our recent censuses failed to make any sightings of the Ili pika, and based on the presence of the characteristic signs of pikas we found only one region (Bayingou), where the Ili pika population may not have declined. The species could not be found at two regions (including at the type locality on Jilimalale mountain), and apparently it has declined drastically at other regions throughout its range. In addition to our census, a decline or disappearance of the Ili pika has been noted by other surveys in the region.” I still can’t get over how ridiculous that face is. It’s like someone cut the face off a teddy bear, stretched the ears out as far as the stitches would allow, and sewed it onto a fat-bodied rabbit. No wonder it looks so surprised. Meanwhile, collared pikas (Ochotona collaris) are hiding a disgusting secret behind that comparably disarming face. There’s an isolated population of these pikas living on the small, rocky islands named nanataks that jut out of the icy sea near the Seward Glacier on the Alaskan/Yukon border along the Gulf of Alaska. Just the fact that they’ve managed to make a home for themselves here, in the bleakest of bleak environments, is super-impressive, but wait till you hear how they do it. “These pikas eat the brains from birds that die while flying overhead and fortuitously fall on the nanataks, giving them their slim margin,” says Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia. When the winter gets particularly bitter, and the vegetation scarce, the pikas here resort to eating whatever they can, and end up stockpiling bird corpses in their dens. It's one of the only known examples of meat-eating in the entire Lagomorpha order, which includes all, pikas, rabbits, and hares. And just another reason why one should avoid spontaneously dying in mid-air above pika territory at all costs. Here’s why mass-poisoning pikas is a terrible idea (and not just because look at their fat little faces) ‘Extinct’ Myanmar Jerdon’s Babbler Spotted for the First Time in 70 Years When lemmings attack: Why carrying on like a deranged squeaky toy totally works These adorable giant African rats detect land mines and TB for a living Bec Crew is a Sydney-based science writer and award-winning blogger. She is the author of 'Zombie Tits, Astronaut Fish and Other Weird Animals' (NewSouth Press). Follow Bec Crew on Twitter Recent Articles by Bec Crew This Fuzzy, Golden Nautilus Hasn't Been Seen in Over 30 Years Shelter dogs are helping scientists sniff out world's rarest gorillas By Bec Crew on March 9, 2015 By Bec Crew on September 3, 2015	cc/2022-05/en_head_0000.json.gz/line294
__label__wiki	0.926716	0.926716	Global Poverty, Politics, United States Bernie Sanders on Global Poverty Bernie Sanders, one of the leading democratic candidates in the 2016 Democratic Party primary race, has been praised for his stance on promoting equality. Over the course of his congressional career, he has been an ally for the millions of impoverished around the globe. In speeches, Sanders has claimed that investing in global poverty has several positive outcomes, such as lessening the instances of terrorism abroad. He has claimed that with a sound foreign aid policy, living conditions abroad are less likely to produce conflict. Sanders has an impressive track record on global poverty to back up these claims. In 2000, he voted in the Senate to allocate $156 million from the military’s large budget to the International Monetary Fund. This was in support of the Millennium Development Goals. In 2008, he also supported funding to combat AIDS, malaria and tuberculosis. The bill he supported authorized $48 billion to various countries to combat the further spreading of these diseases. Sanders has also demonstrated his support for combating global poverty in his statements about global warming. He has described how international conflict is produced when populations become desperate as a result of climate-related hazards, including lack of access to water and food. Sanders has been vocal about eliminating income inequality and domestic poverty. He has shared his aspirations for putting an end to systemic forces diminishing the middle class, claiming that a more equitable economy can be created through fair taxing of corporations and banks. “America now has more wealth and income inequality than any major developed country on earth,” he said. The presidential hopeful is devoted to redistributing America’s wealth and alleviating the 22 percent of American children living in poverty. His focus on domestic poverty and inequality is a promising indication of his future foreign aid and global poverty commitments. – Mayra Vega Sources: Global Citizen, Votesmart, Feel the Bern, Newyorker, U.N. Photo: Vox https://borgenproject.org/wp-content/uploads/The_Borgen_Project_Logo_small.jpg 0 0 Borgen Project https://borgenproject.org/wp-content/uploads/The_Borgen_Project_Logo_small.jpg Borgen Project2016-02-10 01:30:382020-06-23 07:40:59Bernie Sanders on Global Poverty Five IGO Plans For Global Educational Improvement In 2016 A Different Kind of Aid for Syria	cc/2022-05/en_head_0000.json.gz/line297
__label__cc	0.602091	0.397909	New survey on American attitudes toward Zika virus finds limited awareness or concern Categories: Top News A recent survey by The Associated Press-NORC Center for Public Affairs Research finds that three-quarters of Americans who have heard at least a little about the Zika virus are aware that the virus is linked to birth defects in babies born to infected mothers. However, the survey found that most Americans are unclear about the availability of tests to diagnose Zika and whether or not preventative vaccines and effective medicines exist to treat it. In February 2016, The World Health Organization and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) both took steps to alert the public about the danger of the Zika virus. As of March 30, the CDC has reported 312 cases of the Zika virus in the United States and heightened its efforts in response to Zika and the cases of microcephaly and other neurological disorders associated with the virus. “The Zika virus has the potential to become a critical problem in the United States. This survey shows that there is more work to be done to raise awareness among the public,” said Trevor Tompson, director of The AP-NORC Center. “When it comes to responding to this public health threat, the results do show that the public is supportive of policy approaches designed to prevent the spread of Zika in the United States.” Key Findings Include: Four in 10 Americans have heard only a little or nothing at all about the Zika virus. Ninety percent of those who have heard of Zika know that it can be spread through the bite of a mosquito carrying the virus; however, only 57 percent are aware that Zika can be spread through sexual intercourse with an infected person. Despite the ongoing Zika outbreak in Brazil, only a quarter of Americans believe that American athletes should withdraw from the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro. “As the Zika virus unfolds, it will be critically important to communicate effective prevention strategies to Americans,” said Caitlin Oppenheimer, senior vice president and director of public health at NORC at the University of Chicago. “This survey and other measures will help build understanding of Zika and identify areas requiring additional communication efforts.” Interviews for this survey were conducted between March 17 and 21, 2016, with adults age 18 and over representing the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Panel members were randomly drawn from AmeriSpeak®, and with 1,004 completing the survey–785 via the web and 219 via telephone. The final stage completion rate is 29.2 percent, the weighted household panel response rate is 36.9 percent, and the weighted household panel retention rate is 93.9 percent, for a cumulative response rate of 10.1 percent. The overall margin of sampling error is +/- 3.8 percentage points at the 95 percent confidence level, including the design effect. The margin of sampling error may be higher for subgroups. The nationwide poll of 1,004 adults used AmeriSpeak, the probability-based panel of NORC at the University of Chicago. Interviews were conducted between March 17 and 21, 2016, online and using landlines and cell phones.	cc/2022-05/en_head_0000.json.gz/line302
__label__cc	0.705007	0.294993	Humanity Is Still Trying To Be Born Listen to a reading of this article: Things are fucked. That’s our current situation in a nutshell. In a slightly bigger nutshell, things are fucked because powerful people are making them fucked, and they won’t stop making things fucked unless ordinary people use their superior numbers to make them stop, but ordinary people are being psychologically manipulated away from making them stop by propaganda. This is happening in countless ways, both on a global scale and on national scales around the world, and on pretty much any other scale you want to break the collective humaning fractal down to. On a global scale we’re seeing it in the way our biosphere is being destroyed due to human behavior driven by the reckless pursuit of profit for its own sake. In the way US warmongering is leading to a final confrontation with Russia and China that could easily end all life on Earth. In the way increasingly authoritarian agendas are being rolled out by ruling power structures to exert greater and greater control of populations. In the way oppressive and exploitative status quo political systems are held in place in supposedly free societies despite the glaring mountains of evidence that those systems do not serve the interests of ordinary people. All of these dire realities are manipulated, distorted, re-framed or simply omitted by the sources which people have been trained to look to for information about the world. As long as we’re successfully manipulated away from forming a clear picture of what’s going on, things will remain fucked. People are going to have to find a way to get around this if we’re to move toward health, which means we’re going to have to fundamentally alter how we operate as a species. We’re going to have to collectively find ways to protect our minds from being herded toward untruth and find ways of making our way toward truth. If we succeed in doing this, it will be a first for us since this whole civilization mess started. More than this, in order to have a healthy world we’re going to have to actually transcend our own egoic patterning. Overthrowing our oppressors is only the first boss fight in the very first level of the video game. It won’t be enough to simply remove the systems which enable our oppression, because if we do that without also expunging the forces within ourselves which gave rise to them we’ll just wind up creating more oppressive systems. To have a healthy world we’re going to have to metamorphose into a species which is not driven by fear and greed and us-versus-them othering. Which doesn’t see my own suffering as meaningfully separate from the suffering of my neighbor. Which doesn’t see the struggles of a population on the other side of the planet as meaningfully separate from the struggles of the population on this side of the planet. Where we collaborate with each other and our ecosystem instead of competing and killing and exploiting and destroying. This is the humanity that’s trying to be born. There’s a whole, whole lot of future ahead, and if we play our cards right we’re going to get to be a part of it. If we survive to see that future, humans will look back upon the stretch of history as we know it today as a kind of embryonic stage in our development. Where an animal species not unlike any other evolved a lot of brain mass in a fairly short time but still hadn’t shed the fear-based kill-or-be-killed survival impulses of its evolutionary ancestors, so there was a confused, chaotic transition phase between animal life and true humanity. That’s what we are working toward. Modern humans with their current brain structure have only been around for somewhere between 35,000 and 100,000 years, which is less than the blink of an eye on the historical scale of the rest of life on this planet. The advent of agriculture gave rise to civilization some 12,000 years ago, in turn giving rise to civilization and the general fucked up situation we now find ourselves in. In the yawning expanse of time that this universe has left in its lifespan, that’s nothing. And if we can make the jump and evolve beyond this awkward apes-with-hydrogen-bombs transition phase into a truly conscious species, a truly human species, we can create an amazing life together for a much, much greater expanse of time, a length of time that will make the sum total of current recorded history look like the first moments of the gestation of a fetus relative to the rest of a full-length human life span. And we are lurching our way in that direction. Sloppily. Clumsily. Evolution is sloppy; it’s made of death and sex and eating and mutation and environmental cataclysm. In the same way, becoming a conscious species is sloppy; it’s made of upheavals and uprisings and movements and feuds and scandals and revelations and getting it wrong and apologizing and course correcting and learning and seeing and moving closer and closer to a lucid perception of reality. That’s what we’re really working toward, in the grand scheme of things. That’s what this game is really all about. It looks impossible right now, but that’s the way of these things: first they look impossible, then they look possible, then they look probable, then they look inevitable, then they happen, and they become what’s normal and expected. We just gotta get past this Level One boss fight first. My work is entirely reader-supported, so if you enjoyed this piece please consider sharing it around, following me on Facebook, Twitter, Soundcloud or YouTube, or throwing some money into my tip jar on Ko-fi, Patreon or Paypal. If you want to read more you can buy my books. The best way to make sure you see the stuff I publish is to subscribe to the mailing list for at my website or on Substack, which will get you an email notification for everything I publish. Everyone, racist platforms excluded, has my permission to republish, use or translate any part of this work (or anything else I’ve written) in any way they like free of charge. For more info on who I am, where I stand, and what I’m trying to do with this platform, click here. Multiple Sclerosis and Climate Change Mike Roman Love of Nature at the End of the World Tendisai Cromwell Growing trees in Africa? Local solutions are best Tony Mulvahil Apologies to Future Generations bradley flora in Greener Together Boston Residents Honor Earth Day by ‘Growing Something Positive’ in Eastie Farm Cities of Service The Future Of Green Energy May Rely On Surge Protection Raymond Santopietro Bulk sale of aphthae saffron flowers for red gold export Proven: 100% renewable energy across Europe is more cost effective than the current energy system The Beam in TheBeamMagazine	cc/2022-05/en_head_0000.json.gz/line303
__label__cc	0.608144	0.391856	Find a Program or Course Centre for Sport & Exercise Education School of Access School of Arts & Science School of Trades & Technology Criminal Justice, Diploma Protecting society by engaging with the victims and offenders of crime Co-op / internship Open to International At a glance image Admission details Fascinating, complicated and complex Start in September The criminal justice system is an integral part of all of our lives; everyone is touched by crime and the criminal justice system in some way. In the Criminal Justice program, you'll gain a critical understanding of how the criminal justice system works to protect society. With this diploma, you'll be ready for further post-secondary studies or for work as a front-line practitioner within the criminal justice field. The Diploma in Criminal Justice program provides a social justice perspective on criminal justice systems and processes that form the foundation for ethical, responsible, and professional practice in the criminal justice field. This applied program incorporates classroom and community learning experiences with theoretical frameworks for practice. Topics covered include the interagency working of police, courts, corrections, and social service agencies; the impacts of colonization and the resulting intergenerational trauma of Indigenous Peoples; and a critical understanding and social justice approach to current challenges in modern society. A core curriculum forms the foundation for the first year of studies in the program; in the second year, students can choose which pathway of courses best meets their professional and academic destination. There are over 500,000 criminal justice-related jobs in Canada. Upon receiving your two-year diploma, you'll be ready for entry-level positions in correctional services, customs, law enforcement, and services to young offenders. If you continue on to complete a bachelor's degree in Criminology, you'll be eligible for additional employment opportunities in such fields as probation, parole, immigration, research, and counselling within institutions. Volunteering demonstrates your commitment to giving back to your community, and for most employers, volunteer experience counts as job experience. You will be encouraged to volunteer in a service-related position, and a volunteer fair is arranged each year to help you learn more about volunteer opportunities within the community. You can also enhance your diploma with an optional internship designation. Taken after the first or second year of studies, this three-month work term will give you the practical experience that employers favour. You will graduate from this program with a broad base of theoretical knowledge, skills, and abilities suitable for a diverse range of entry-level criminal justice positions, including law enforcement (public, military, deputy sheriffs, by-law enforcement, private security); adult, youth, and community corrections; victim services; restorative justice; customs border services; social and community service organizations; and other related opportunities. You will be able to apply your knowledge of processes, procedures, and practices to work with diverse individuals and populations, and use of critical thinking skills and evidence-informed decision making in all aspects of practice in criminal justice. The second year of the program provides some course flexibility, and by consulting with the program Chair, you will be able to select an applied stream of courses to, reducing your need for additional training. Continue your studies in a bachelor's degree program Courses transfer to various universities. If you intend to pursue a four-year degree in criminal justice or criminology you should consider this program as your first two years. You'll be eligible to apply for admission into the third year of many degree programs, including: Bachelor of Arts — Criminology at Vancouver Island University Bachelor of Arts in Justice Studies at Royal Roads University (block transfer) Bachelor of Arts, Major in Criminology at Simon Fraser University Bachelor of Arts in Community Criminal Justice at Kwantlen Polytechnic University Bachelor of Arts Criminal Justice degree at University of the Fraser Valley Bachelor of Applied Arts in Justice Studies at Lethbridge College (block transfer) Bachelor of Arts — Criminal Justice at Mount Royal University Bachelor of Arts — Criminology at University of Alberta Bachelor of Arts, Major in Criminology at University of Ottawa The Criminal Justice program prepares you for further post-secondary studies or for work as front-line practitioners within the criminal justice field. A core curricula forms the foundation for the first year of studies in the program. At the completion of Year 1, you can choose which stream of courses best meets your professional and academic goals. Located at our Lansdowne campus, the Criminal Justice program is two years long, with an optional internship that is usually taken at the end of either Year 1 or Year 2. In your first two academic terms, you'll learn the basics of the criminal justice system, with courses that develop your knowledge of criminology, psychology, logic and the law. At the end of your first year, you can choose to take an optional internship. In Year 2, you will choose courses that match your career or academic path. Deviance, psychological explanations of criminal behaviour, law enforcement, forensic anthropology, restorative justice and case management are a sample of the content available for you to study. After your second year, you have a second opportunity to complete an optional internship. An internship gives you work experience and insight into what the criminal justice field has to offer. To obtain the Internship Designation, you must complete at least one three-month work term. Find out more by contacting Co-operative Education and Career Services. An investment in your career Two years at Camosun can prepare you for a career in the criminal justice system. Estimated tuition Effective from September 1, 2021 to August 31, 2022. $7,978 (domestic) $31,950 (international) *Tuition fees vary depending on course selection. Additional Student Fees Scholarships, bursaries and awards There are many financial resources to tap into while you are at college to help with your education and living costs. Apply for scholarships & awards that are specifically given to program students, as well as awards specific to the School of Arts and Science. You may also want to visit Financial Aid & Awards for more information about funding. Prepare for a career in Criminal Justice When you graduate, you will have a broad base of theoretical knowledge, skills and abilities suitable to a diverse range of entry-level criminal justice positions, including law enforcement, adult, youth and community corrections, victim services, restorative justice, customs border services and other related opportunities. Learn more. Volunteering in Victoria There are a variety of volunteer opportunities in the Victoria area for you to pursue while you complete your education. Some of these include: the local police departments, Greater Victoria Victim Services, the Boys and Girls Club, John Howard Society and the Saanich Community Justice Association. These organizations offer you opportunities to develop your skills and abilities to work in this field. Learn more. A great student experience "Camosun was definitely a good stepping stone for me to continue on to university. The knowledge I received while there has provided me with a problem-free transition to the learning I am currently receiving in third year at the University of Ottawa. With small class sizes, it is easy to build solid relationships with professors, and it has been a push in the right direction for a career in the CJS. A positive experience in every aspect." Tanner Northrup "I have nothing but good things to say about Camosun College. My teachers were always open for discussion, knew me by name, and always encouraged me to excel and aim for higher goals. The high standard for academic excellence within the Criminal Justice program allowed me to make an easy transition from Camosun to the University of Ottawa, where I continue my studies." Carmelle Churchill "I recommend the Criminal Justice program at Camosun for anyone pursuing a career or further education in the field of criminology. The material is well taught, well organized, and very relevant for practical applications and in academia. The bureaucracy of the program is organized to be conducive for first-time students, relieving student stress during course selection and eventually diploma application. Most classes are fairly small; there is a lot of student-professor interaction and professors are very available. An active Criminal Justice Undergrad Society adds to a fun and friendly atmosphere leading to excellent peer resources in time for finals. Even years after graduation and across great distances, I am still in regular contact with dozens of Camosun alumni who are likely to be life-long friends. Camosun is definitely the best school I ever attended." Jonathon Ranney "I finished the Criminal Justice program and have since received my BA in Criminology from SFU and am currently attending law school at UBC. Camosun's Criminal Justice program provided a great foundation for my education. The teaching staff had varied experiences, and Victoria provided a great backdrop to assess the many career options available with a criminal justice degree. I am very thankful I chose Camosun College." Catherine Beston Curriculum & courses Ready to get started? Get your application in for the September intake. When you apply you will need to submit proof that you meet the following admission requirements. Tip: Where a letter grade is specified, you must have proof of that grade or higher. One of: C+ in English 12 C in English 12 Camosun Alternative For more detailed information about this program and specific admission requirements, see the Academic Calendar. Our Teaching Staff Camosun College is fiercely proud of the excellent quality of its instruction. Our teaching staff are experienced, inspiring and supportive of our students' individual journeys. Wendy Taylor Chair, Criminal Justice Blair Fisher Instructor, Criminal Justice I graduated from the Camosun Criminal Justice Program in the early 1990’s and went on to continue my Criminology Degree at Simon Fraser University. I ... Kelli Moorhouse Kelli is a graduate of the Criminal Justice program at Camosun College. She holds Masters Degrees in Criminal Justice and Social Work. Her best memory ... Find a full list of courses and specific admission requirements. Wendy Taylor, Program Chair General Program Questions Lansdowne Campus 3100 Foul Bay Rd Victoria BC V8P 5J2 Young 210B Location link TaylorW@camosun.ca International students please contact International Admissions	cc/2022-05/en_head_0000.json.gz/line305
__label__cc	0.531258	0.468742	When traditional notification is not enough to manage the situation By Dave Fraser Classic emergency mass notification systems (EMNS) focus on fast and reliable messaging to inform people of dangerous situations. By employing an EMNS, organizations hope to mitigate the effects on their communities of everything from natural disasters to our current pandemic through the provision of timely and accurate information. At the same time, however, simply notifying the community of a dangerous event isn’t always enough. Considering a situation like an active shooter, organizations not only need to notify those who could be affected, but also engage potential victims to help move them to safety, manage the situation to the best of their abilities, and share intelligence with first responders. Furthermore, an organization may aspire to prevent an incident from happening in the first place. The traditional view of notification in an EMNS is no longer enough: organizations and institutions need to think more broadly about safety. Three ways organizations can support this line of thinking include: Employ AI and other Tech to Prevent Emergencies In 2017, the most recent year for which complete data is available, there were 12 gun deaths per 100,000 people in the United States, the highest rate in more than two decades according to Pew Research. Not surprisingly, the U.S. gun death rate is much higher than in most other countries, particularly developed nations, and this has no doubt accelerated in the past two decades along with the rise of mass shootings. EMNS solutions are especially critical in the event of these active shooter situations. They are used to giving students, employees, administrators and authorities details about the incident in an attempt to keep people safe and put an end to it as quickly as possible. But what if alerts could be sent as soon as a gun is visible in order to inform the community before a shot is even fired? The good news is that scenario is now a possibility. Modern AIpowered video recognition software has an ability to identify firearms quickly and accurately and then relay images to administrators so they can verify that there is indeed a threat. Once validated, they can begin to inform all of the relevant stakeholders immediately to initiate safety protocols, with the goal of stopping the perpetrator before a shot is fired. This ability is invaluable and can play an integral role in significantly reducing — if not completely eliminating — harm caused by active shooters. Use Interactive Communications During Times of Crisis People today are used to using a variety of communication methods and technologies, and that expectation should extend to emergency situations. First and foremost, any communication about a potentially dangerous event needs to be broadly distributed so that it reaches as much of the community as possible. Speed and reliability mean nothing if the message is not received by the community. To accommodate this, communications should be sent through multiple channels — text messages, emails, Twitter messages, and so on — so people can utilize the channel they feel most comfortable with. An app-only approach often falls foul of the challenge of ensuring that a high percentage of the community knows about the app and keeps it installed. Within a crisis, the key is interactivity in communications. A modern EMNS allows for a 2-way dialog between the community and the safety teams, to both help inform the community as well as mine a rich vein of available information. Yet interactivity in a crisis is not like one-on-one messaging — an EMNS that receives information and divides messages and people into groups allows organizations to communicate in a completely contextual and scalable manner. Cut Through the Information “Fog of War” When it comes to fast-moving emergency situations, particularly an active shooter on the premises, there is inevitably a glut of information available for people to parse through. This could be any combination of text messages, phone calls, emails, tweets or other social posts all meant to inform others about the current situation. The problem that arises with such a tsunami of information is it can lead to a growing amount of confusion that quickly devolves the situation into pure chaos. It’s absolutely vital that people have a trusted information source, a single point of truth, they can rely on to receive timely updates and instructions during an undoubtedly fluid and dangerous situation. The plain fact is, today’s technology can have a dramatic impact during critical events. While the bulk of EMNS solutions have made positive strides toward optimizing their ability to notify their communities, the reality is that notifying them sometimes is not enough. It’s time for organizations and institutions to fully embrace technology to not only notify communities, engage potential victims, and manage dangerous events, but also prevent critical incidents from taking place altogether. This article originally appeared in the November December 2020 issue of Campus Security & Life Safety. Altronix Brings Power, Data Transmission Solutions to ISC East A Hybrid Approach The Next Level Robots Provide Security Assistance at Pima Community College	cc/2022-05/en_head_0000.json.gz/line306
__label__wiki	0.87788	0.87788	INADMISSIBILITYcanam_admin2019-12-01T15:31:14+00:00 What it means to be inadmissible A Canadian immigration officer will decide if you can enter Canada when you: apply for a visa or an Electronic Travel Authorization (eTA) or when you arrive at a port of entry. There are a number of reasons you can be found inadmissible, denied a visa or refused entry to Canada such as: human or international rights violations, criminality, organized criminality, health grounds, financial reasons, misrepresentation, non-compliance with the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act (IRPA), having an inadmissible family member. A permanent resident or a foreign national is inadmissible on security grounds for the following: (a) engaging in an act of espionage that is against Canada or that is contrary to Canada’s interests; (b) engaging in or instigating the subversion by force of any government; (b.1) engaging in an act of subversion against a democratic government, institution or process as they are understood in Canada; (c) engaging in terrorism; (d) being a danger to the security of Canada; (e) engaging in acts of violence that would or might endanger the lives or safety of persons in Canada; or (f) being a member of an organization that there are reasonable grounds to believe engages, has engaged or will engage in acts referred to in above paragraphs (a), (b), (b.1) or (c). Human or international rights violations A permanent resident or a foreign national is inadmissible on grounds of violating human or international rights for the following: (a) committing an act outside Canada that constitutes an offence referred to in sections 4 to 7 of the Crimes Against Humanity and War Crimes Act; (b) being a prescribed senior official in the service of a government that, in the opinion of the Minister, engages or has engaged in terrorism, systematic or gross human rights violations, or genocide, a war crime or a crime against humanity within the meaning of subsections 6(3) to (5) of the Crimes Against Humanity and War Crimes Act; (c) being a person, other than a permanent resident, whose entry into or stay in Canada is restricted pursuant to a decision, resolution or measure of an international organization of states or association of states, of which Canada is a member, that imposes sanctions on a country against which Canada has imposed or has agreed to impose sanctions in concert with that organization or association; (d) being a person, other than a permanent resident, who is currently the subject of an order or regulation made under section 4 of the Special Economic Measures Act on the grounds that any of the circumstances described in paragraph 4(1.1)(c) or (d) of that Act has occurred; or (e) being a person, other than a permanent resident, who is currently the subject of an order or regulation made under section 4 of the Justice for Victims of Corrupt Foreign Officials Act (Sergei Magnitsky Law). Serious criminality A permanent resident or a foreign national is inadmissible on grounds of serious criminality for (a) having been convicted in Canada of an offence under an Act of Parliament punishable by a maximum term of imprisonment of at least 10 years, or of an offence under an Act of Parliament for which a term of imprisonment of more than six months has been imposed; (b) having been convicted of an offence outside Canada that, if committed in Canada, would constitute an offence under an Act of Parliament punishable by a maximum term of imprisonment of at least 10 years; or (c) committing an act outside Canada that is an offence in the place where it was committed and that, if committed in Canada, would constitute an offence under an Act of Parliament punishable by a maximum term of imprisonment of at least 10 years. A foreign national is inadmissible on grounds of criminality for (a) having been convicted in Canada of an offence under an Act of Parliament punishable by way of indictment, or of two offences under any Act of Parliament not arising out of a single occurrence; b) having been convicted outside Canada of an offence that, if committed in Canada, would constitute an indictable offence under an Act of Parliament, or of two offences not arising out of a single occurrence that, if committed in Canada, would constitute offences under an Act of Parliament; (c) committing an act outside Canada that is an offence in the place where it was committed and that, if committed in Canada, would constitute an indictable offence under an Act of Parliament; or (d) committing, on entering Canada, an offence under an Act of Parliament prescribed by regulations. Organized criminality A permanent resident or a foreign national is inadmissible on grounds of organized criminality for (a) being a member of an organization that is believed on reasonable grounds to be or to have been engaged in activity that is part of a pattern of criminal activity planned and organized by a number of persons acting in concert in furtherance of the commission of an offence punishable under an Act of Parliament by way of indictment, or in furtherance of the commission of an offence outside Canada that, if committed in Canada, would constitute such an offence, or engaging in activity that is part of such a pattern; or (b) engaging, in the context of transnational crime, in activities such as people smuggling, trafficking in persons or laundering of money or other proceeds of crime. Health grounds A foreign national is inadmissible on health grounds if their health condition (a) is likely to be a danger to public health; (b) is likely to be a danger to public safety; or (c) might reasonably be expected to cause excessive demand on health or social services. Exception Paragraph(c) does not apply in the case of a foreign national who (i) has been determined to be a member of the family class and to be the spouse, common-law partner or child of a sponsor within the meaning of the regulations; (ii) has applied for a permanent resident visa as a Convention refugee or a person in similar circumstances; (iii) is a protected person; or (iv) is, where prescribed by the regulations, the spouse, common-law partner, child or other family member of a foreign national referred to in any of paragraphs (a) to (c). Financial reasons A foreign national is inadmissible for financial reasons if they are or will be unable or unwilling to support themselves or any other person who is dependent on them, and have not satisfied an officer that adequate arrangements for care and support, other than those that involve social assistance, have been made. A permanent resident or a foreign national is inadmissible for misrepresentation (a) for directly or indirectly misrepresenting or withholding material facts relating to a relevant matter that induces or could induce an error in the administration of this Act; (b) for being or having been sponsored by a person who is determined to be inadmissible for misrepresentation; (c) on a final determination to vacate a decision to allow their claim for refugee protection or application for protection; or (d) on ceasing to be a citizen A foreign national, other than a protected person, is inadmissible on grounds of an inadmissible family member if (a) their accompanying family member or, in prescribed circumstances, their non-accompanying family member is inadmissible; or (b) they are an accompanying family member of an inadmissible person. Source: Immigration and Refugee Protection Act	cc/2022-05/en_head_0000.json.gz/line308
__label__wiki	0.932609	0.932609	⇑ back to "The Strang Report" Want to receive The Strang Report by email? Sign up here Will We Face What Australian Christians Face: 'Oppressive Mix of Insanity, Tyranny and Hypocrisy'? 9:55AM EDT 10/22/2021 Stephen Strang (YouTube/Steve Cioccolanti & Discover Ministries) An Australian pastor whose videos about former President Donald Trump went viral a few years ago is concerned with how far left Australia has swung in the COVID era, calling what people there are facing an "oppressive mix of insanity, tyranny and hypocrisy." I have done several podcasts with Pastor Steve Cioccolanti, and we keep in touch. A few days he texted something that alarmed me and prompted a podcast and this article. He wrote: "As of last Friday I can be fined $21k [Australian, or $15,736 U.S. ] for showing up at my own church, and the church can be fined $110k [Australian, or $74,935 U.S.) for anyone not needled [vaccinated]. It's a dictatorship in Victoria, Australia." I'm aware of similar situations in the United States that I wrote about in my new book, God and Cancel Culture. Thankfully it's not as bad here, and some court decisions have minimized the persecution Americans face if they don't go along with COVID mandates. In our discussion, Cioccolanti reveals the truth behind his alarming text message. "The insanity part is that the rules make no sense," he says. "We've had six lockdowns. In the last one, they shut us down for 13 cases of COVID. ... they shut down the economy, people lose their jobs, we can't travel out beyond 5 km—it was at one point, now it's 15 km—and they shut down for 13 cases. Now they say they're going to reopen while we have 2,000 cases a day. "It makes no sense other than the goal was to get 80% of the population vaccinated, and it seems like they're reaching that goal," Cioccolanti says. "Nothing is correlated to science right now. It's insanity. It's tyranny, because the rules are just there for rules' sake, and they keep changing." Cioccolanti adds that for a long time, Australia has had a 9 p.m. curfew. "We're not a war zone. We're not living in North Korea. We have a curfew at 9 p.m. .... 15 km travel restriction and absolutely no crossing any borders. No state borders, no international borders. I used to fly to the States almost every month to minister, and I haven't been there for two years." And as the U.S. has witnessed with some of its high-profile liberal politicians, a level of hypocrisy exists around these rules, Cioccolanti says. "Our Victoria premier, his name is Dan Andrews, he was called out twice publicly not wearing a mask. So you'll see a lot of times these guys will put on the mask when they show up for TV. And as soon as the TV camera's off, and they think no one's recording, they take the mask off. Our prime minister—his name is Scott Morrison—he got to travel interstate to celebrate Father's Day with his father. Meanwhile, our church members and Christians can't even attend family members' birthdays, weddings, funerals, anything of the sort." Government oppression in Australia goes far beyond mere hypocrisy, Cioccolanti says. "Melbourne is right now called the most locked-down city in the world. And you might have seen that there were some peaceful protesters going out—I know some of those people, and they were hunted down. They were shot at with rubber bullets, which are much bigger than people imagine. And the police here will come knocking on your door if you post anything on social media that was in favor of the protests. In the meantime, Australia is under what he calls a "media blackout." As an example, he references a protest held in the city of Perth against the oppressive COVID restrictions. "The police there told them that they counted 17,000 who people showed up, people who were fed up with the lockdown ... 17,000 people who spoke about God, about freedom, quoted the Bible." The public news station gave a negative report that said only 2,000 people attended the protest, Cioccolanti says. "So while all this is going on, we have no media coverage on the truth. We know suicide rates have gone up 41% due to the lockdown, and this is not reported. ... I'm not making light or lessening the impact ... But COVID is not the only measure of health, and our Australian government's one-track-minded. The only health issue that matters right now is COVID. Meanwhile, people are killing themselves." Cioccolanti also sees a prophetic connection to what's happening in his country. He explains that in one of his viral YouTube videos, he references Revelation 6:1-2: "The first seal is the white horse. I really believe this is the galloping of the white horse. And you know where it's leading to—eventually it goes to the Antichrist." Australians don't recognize this, Cioccolanti says, because they don't have a prophetic vision. "The Bible says in Proverbs 29, verse 18, 'Where there's no prophetic vision, the people cast off restraint, and blessed Is he who keeps the law.' So there's nothing restraining this kind of tyranny right now." Cioccolanti says there is hope for our nation, and for his as well, but only if we return to God. "What we feel the Lord is telling us is to prepare—that there will be a reprieve, but it will come back. It's kind of like the Iron Curtain fell in 1989, but then communism came back through academia and Hollywood and all that." He's also written a book called Trump's Unfinished Business, which he says reveals the 10 divine agendas God has for America. For much more from Pastor Steve Cioccolanti on the oppression people face in Australia, listen to the entire episode of the Strang Report at this link, and subscribe to the Strang Report on Apple Podcasts or your favorite podcast platform for more content that inspires and informs in the power of the Holy Spirit. Connect with Cioccolanti at discoverchurch.online and become a member to receive his uncensored content or find him at stevecioccolanti.com. For more on how you can stand up against the type of oppression seen in Australia and increasingly in the U.S., make sure to get a copy of what I believe is my most important book yet. God and Cancel Culture, released Sept. 7, is now available wherever fine books are sold. Order it at stevestrangbooks.com. Follow breaking news like this in our new platform, CHARISMA PLUS. Strang Report Newsletter Receive an email notice whenever Steve Strang posts a new article. Thank you! We've sent you a confirmation email. We're sorry, there was an error processing your request. Please try again. RELATED TOPICS: Charisma Podcast Network \| Donald Trump \| Persecution \| Podcast \| Strang Report	cc/2022-05/en_head_0000.json.gz/line312
__label__wiki	0.927712	0.927712	Obama nominates rabbi as ambassador-at-large for religious freedom By Catholic News Service WASHINGTON (CNS) -- Rabbi David Saperstein, director and counsel of the Religious Action Center of Reform Judaism, is President Barack Obama's nominee to be ambassador-at-large for international religious freedom. The State Department post has been vacant since the Rev. Suzan Johnson Cook resigned in October 2013. She had held the position from since May 2011. "I am grateful that Rabbi Saperstein has chosen to dedicate his talent to serving the American people at this important time for our country. I look forward to working with him in the months and years ahead," Obama said July 28 in announcing his nomination, which will have to be confirmed by the U.S. Senate. The ambassador-at-large serves as principle adviser on religious freedom to Secretary of State John Kerry and the Obama administration. The position was created as a part of the 1998 International Religious Freedom Act. The law was aimed at increasing attention to the role of religion in diplomacy, especially addressing deficiencies in religious freedom worldwide. The law also created a separate entity, the U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom, to monitor and advise the administration and Congress on the issue. Rabbi Saperstein, who has been at the Religious Action Center in Washington since 1974, is also an adjunct professor of law at Georgetown University Law Center, where he teaches First Amendment church-state law and Jewish law. He serves on a number of boards, including the Leadership Conference on Civil and Human Rights and the National Religious Partnership for the Environment. He was a member of the President's Advisory Council on Faith-Based and Neighborhood Partnerships from 2010 to 2011. He was a member of the U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom from 1999 to 2001, serving as its first chair from 1999 to 2000. Over the years, Rabbi Saperstein has joined with Catholic bishops and other religious leaders in speaking out and issuing joint statements on a variety of issues, including immigration and health care reform. He has bachelor's degree from Cornell University, a master's degree in rabbinical studies from Hebrew Union College, and a law degree from American University. Rabbi Saperstein is married to Ellen Weiss, an award-winning broadcast journalist. They have two sons, Daniel and Ari. Report shows rising number of people displaced because of faith in 2013 WASHINGTON (CNS) -- The displacement of people around the globe because of their religious beliefs in 2013 rose to levels unseen in years, the State Department reported. Millions of Christians, Muslim and Hindus as well as people of other faiths were displaced by violence or threats because of their religious practice or for not holding any religious belief, said the 2013 Report on International Religious Freedom released July 28. It cited the civil war in Syria and sectarian violence between Christians and Muslims in the Central African Republic for displacing millions of people. Throughout the Middle East, according to the report, the presence of Christians is "becoming a shadow of its former self." The report found little improvement in the countries described as most likely to restrict religious rights, particularly North Korea, Saudi Arabia, Iran and Sudan. In Bahrain, Bangladesh, Myanmar (Burma), Egypt, Eritrea, Pakistan, Sri Lanka and Turkmenistan minority religious communities faced sporadic incidents of sectarian violence, the report said. "I emphasize we are not arrogantly telling people what to believe," said Secretary of State John Kerry in introducing the report. "We're not telling people how they have to live every day. We're asking for the universal value of tolerance, of the ability of people to have a respect for their own individuality and their own choices." Calling religious freedom a "universal value," Kerry equated religious practice with human freedom. Tom Malinowski, assistant secretary of state for democracy, human rights and labor, joined Kerry at the podium, saying that in most cases restrictions on religious practice rarely resulted from religious differences among ordinary people. "There is usually the additional factor of cynical calculations by political forces seeking to maintain power or exploit religious differences for political ends," Malinowski said. "Authoritarian governments, for example, often cannot tolerate independent communities of conscience beyond state control." Malinowski specifically cited government restrictions on religious communities in China, Sudan, Tajikistan, Tibet and Vietnam. Tajikistan is a new entry to the list of what the report categorizes as countries of particular concern. In the way of other actions by world governments, Kerry said Russia has used a series of laws "against what they call extremism to justify crude measures against people of faith." Reports of violence against religious minorities were not limited to the developing world. Malinowski said his office was concerned by an 11 percent increase in anti-Muslim incidents as well as recent physical assaults against Jews in France. Despite the incidents, he commended the French government for continuing to promote interfaith understanding and oppose racist, anti-Muslim and anti-Semitic acts. While Malinowski said the number of people displaced in 2013 was the highest in years, he declined to specifically say how many people were forced to move from their communities. "We made that statement at the front of the report because we look at places like Iraq now, Syria, of course, over the last couple of years, Central African Republic, it seems to us that in recent memory we've not seen the numbers of people pushed from their homes in conflicts that a religious or sectarian dimension," he explained. The report included summaries of smaller-scale incidents in Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Eritrea that forced thousands of people to flee from their communities in the face of violent attacks that included bombings and beatings, imprisonment, threats to personal safety and harassment. Malinowski left open the possibility of economic sanctions on countries where religious freedom is restricted, saying "it's an appropriate tool in some cases." "The test for me, for us, is what's going to be effective in any particular case, and that's a case-by-case judgment," he said. The report included brief descriptions of actions that protected minority religious communities also were included in the report. In particular the report pointed to Muslims stepping up to protect churches from attacks in Pakistan and Egypt and to the work of orthodox Jews in Great Britain who formed a neighborhood watch team to assist Muslim leaders to ensure that members had safe access to mosques.	cc/2022-05/en_head_0000.json.gz/line317
__label__cc	0.639588	0.360412	Home > Cawthon Comes in First at Annual TLSAMP Conference Cawthon Comes in First at Annual TLSAMP Conference Bridgie Cawthon, a chemical and biomolecular engineering sophomore from Spring Hill, Tennessee, placed first in the chemistry category at the 2021 TLSAMP conference, presented online this year due to COVID-19 restrictions. TLSAMP is the Tennessee Louis Stokes Alliance for Minority Participation program, a collaborative effort sustained by a coalition of six colleges and universities in Tennessee. The program’s goal is to increase the enrollment and graduation rate of underrepresented students (Hispanic, African-American, American-Indian, Alaskan Native, and Pacific Islander) in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). Cawthon’s winning research was titled “Investigation into the Effect of Hydrophobicity on Protein Extraction Capabilities of SMA Copolymers.” “This is a new method of solubilizing membrane proteins, which allows for the proteins to be extracted in a near-native state, which allows for them to be studied more accurately,” said Cawthon. Currently, membrane proteins are being studied for possible links to human diseases as well as in creating bioenergetic fuel cells. “Placing first in the TLSAMP poster competition for chemistry was very special to me because it was a reflection of all of the hard work that I have been putting into my academics and career goals paying off,” said Cawthon. “I feel like this achievement will impact my future by strengthening my drive and commitment in working towards my dreams as well as getting my name out into the scientific community as a researcher.” Cawthon originally got involved in the research project last summer when he participated in the Summer Mentoring and Research Training (SMaRT) program. This was a 10-week program that was focused on getting undergraduates involved in research projects. In the fall semester he continued to work on the research project for course credit in the class CBE 494 and this spring he was working under federal work study as well. “I knew pretty early on in life that I would end up as being some kind of engineer. My mom was always talking about the career option because of my fascination with LEGOs and math. It wasn’t until later on in high school when I decided on a specific discipline that matched my interests. I ultimately decided on CBE because it would allow me to work in the pharmaceutical industry. I want to work in this field because I want to help produce the medicine that the world needs and I feel like this is one of the broadest scales I can do that on. This is the impact I hope to have on the world,” he said. Outside of the classroom, Cawthon is also involved in numerous clubs, including the Multicultural Engineering Program and UT’s NSBE chapter. Bridgie Cawthon TLSAMP	cc/2022-05/en_head_0000.json.gz/line319
__label__wiki	0.935504	0.935504	NOW ON SALE AT AMAZON.COM The Life and Films of John Sturges “Pick up a copy of film critic and scholar Glenn Lovell’s terrific new Sturges biography, Escape Artist. . . . I can’t urge you enough to check out this interview-rich, aesthetically and culturally perceptive look at the filmmaker and his work.” — Bob Strauss, Los Angeles Daily News “John Sturges was one of cinema’s greatest action directors. His pioneering mastery of the wide screen process is unparalleled. For my money, he’s also a candidate for one of last century’s most underrated directors, period. Glenn Lovell’s examination of Sturges’s life and films finally corrects this error.” — John Carpenter “Lovell’s list of interviewees reads like a who’s who of Hollywood and they obviously provided rich source material for this full-scale biography and career survey.”— Leonard Maltin “This long overdue study of a major Hollywood director will find a welcome home in the libraries of film scholars, action movie buffs, and anyone interested in the popular culture of the twentieth century.”— Robert Osborne, Turner Classic Movies (TCM.com) “John Sturges is the most underrated director in the history of Hollywood” — producer Robert E. Relyea Escape Artist—based on Glenn Lovell’s extensive interviews with John Sturges, his wife and children, and numerous stars including Clint Eastwood, Robert Duvall, and Jane Russell—is the first biography of the director of such acclaimed films as The Magnificent Seven, The Great Escape, and Bad Day at Black Rock. Lovell examines Sturges’s childhood in California during the Great Depression; his apprenticeship in the editing department of RKO Pictures, where he worked on such films as Gunga Din and Of Human Bondage; his service in the Army Air Corps in World War II; and his emergence as one of the first independent producer-directors in Hollywood. Chronicling the filmmaker’s relationships with such luminaries as Spencer Tracy, James Garner, Yul Brynner, and Frank Sinatra, Escape Artist interweaves biography with critical analyses of Sturges’s hits and misses. Along the way, Lovell addresses the reasons why Sturges has been overlooked in the ongoing discussion of postwar Hollywood and explores the director’s focus on masculinity, machismo, and male-bonding in big-budget, ensemble action films. Lovell also examines Sturges’s aesthetic sensibility, his talent for composing widescreen images, and his uncanny ability to judge raw talent—including that of Steve McQueen, Charles Bronson, and James Coburn, all of whom began their careers in Sturges’s movies. This long overdue study of a major Hollywood director will find a welcome home in the libraries of film scholars, action movie buffs, and anyone interested in the popular culture of the twentieth century. “We don’t need more books on Bette Davis or Joan Crawford, but we do need more books like Glenn Lovell’s reasoned, insightful biography of John Sturges, one of American movies’ best directors of character-driven action movies. Sturges was the successor to accomplished directorial pros like Victor Fleming and Henry Hathaway, and films like The Magnificent Seven and The Great Escape were his best testament . . . until Lovell’s book.”—Scott Eyman, author of Lion of Hollywood: The Life of Louis B. Mayer Glenn Lovell is the former film critic for the San Jose Mercury News. He has written for the Los Angeles Times, Miami Herald, Variety, and Columbia Journalism Review. He teaches film studies at De Anza College and other schools in the San Francisco Bay Area. He contributed to Tender Comrades: A Backstory of the Hollywood Blacklist by Patrick McGilligan and Paul Buhle. For more information regarding publicity and reviews contact our publicity manager, Chris Caldwell, phone: (608) 263-0734, email: publicity@uwpress.wisc.edu	cc/2022-05/en_head_0000.json.gz/line320
__label__wiki	0.794235	0.794235	Violence and Reconciliation in Artists’ Moving Image and Film. Part 2, Restoration Chick Strand, still from Soft Fiction, 1979, 54 mins, Digital Black and White Courtesy of Chick Strand and LUX, London. In this three part essay, Susan Thomson explores violence and political struggle in moving image and film work shown by AEMI (Artists’ And Experimental Moving Image) in Ireland, at the ICA (Institute of Contemporary Arts) in London and at other international film festivals. In the second part, Restoration, she looks at the politics of film restoration and takes us through a close reading of Chick Strand’s Soft Fiction (1978) within the context of the #MeToo movement. Theory was literally a political weapon –Laura Mulvey, Visual Pleasure at 40: Laura Mulvey in discussion, BFI It’s that tenacity, that kind of spirit that I’m really enamoured of…To turn it around and not to have been victimized. I mean it doesn’t erase the thing, but if you come out whole, if you come out no longer the victim in your own mind, then that’s great…I see many, the woman with the suitcase (in Soft Fiction), the woman on the train and the woman behind the waterfall at the end, as the traveller, the woman on a journey, the woman completing it all, the woman coming out the other end whole…and more than whole, with the addition of coping with experience and making it constructive. –Chick Strand speaking at the Cinematheque 1980 Irena Leimbacher in ‘An Introduction to Chick Strand’ Looking through the lens of modern political concerns, there has been an unearthing of archive, reworked and reconstructed in new films, as well as older films that have been restored or rescreened. Soft Fiction (1978) directed by Chick Strand, screened by AEMI in 2018 at IFI, Dublin, and curated by LUX, is both a literal and figurative restoration. Recently restored by ColorLab in Maryland, it received its European premiere at the Tate Modern in 2015. All Chick Strand’s principal films have been restored by various labs now, in what is perhaps a part of a newfound respect for the art and film of women, both past and present. From the beginning of anthropological film, Nanook of the North (1922) there have been questions over its supposed realism, and the merging of documentary and the staged. The title ‘Soft Fiction’ presents this as a conscious part of the film, rather than something to be disavowed. Soft Fiction (1978) is lyrical, symbolic, abstract at times; a languorous and visceral piece of black and white, 16mm filmmaking. Since Strand’s death in 2009, her reputation has begun to grow beyond the success she experienced during her lifetime. A West Coast filmmaker, she was joint founder of the Canyon Cinema cooperative with her partner Bruce Baillie in 1961, a crucial focal point for avant-garde filmmakers and their films, and still in existence today. In Soft Fiction Strand shoots a series of interviews with women, through a telephoto lens in extreme closeup, and later interweaves these with surreal and symbolic scenes (Strand in fact identified as a Surrealist). While it is said that Strand did not identify with the Women’s Movement, there clearly are influences, not least the personal as political or her disbelief in objectivity, seeing instead, and preferring, degrees of subjectivity. At the time of making the film, deconstructing the authoritative, anthropological, scientific, male gaze – a colonial approach – must have seemed imperative. Now it is interesting both because this film feels like an unseen masterpiece, and because of its relevance to the #MeToo movement. Strand talks in her writing ‘Woman as Ethnographic Filmmaker’ of how rarely women have been the ‘stars’ of ethnographic films, and the importance of female to female communication within both anthropology and filmmaking. Soft Fiction does indeed get up close and personal, both to the bodies and the minds of its subjects, and creates a more non-hierarchical relationship than usual between filmmaker and interviewees. The film features a series of autobiographical stories, increasingly harrowing, of sexual violence towards all the women who speak – from encounters which begin as consensual, and then veer into non-consensual territory, to stories of adult-child abuse, incest, and even, at the end of the film, fascism. At the beginning, the film is mesmerizing: the abstract lines of a train moving while a female voiceover asks you to relax your body as if attempting hypnosis. This slow descent into the dream of the film evoked for me Andrei Tarkovsky’s long motorway drive in Solaris (1972) which appears to symbolically take the characters into space; Chantal Akerman’s Je, Tu, Il, Elle (1974) (screened by Film Qlub in Dublin in 2014) where the drive in a lorry leads the film into new territory symbolically; or even Lars Von Trier’s much later use of this hypnosis technique plus train journey to open a film, as we land in World War Two in Europa (1991). Following this hypnotic introduction in Soft Fiction, the camera begins to explore the space of the interior of the house and all its rooms, but not in the static, framed way of an Akerman film, but instead with a seemingly mobile, handheld camera which appears to search the house for its first interviewee, before eventually finding a woman upstairs, smoking, while back downstairs, light pours in through the window, reflecting on glasses by the sink. This is followed by extreme close-ups of faces, body parts and abstract imagery, and by a woman knocking repeatedly at the door and windows of the house, trying to get in. Not a glass ceiling then, but glass as obstacle nonetheless, a sense of being outside oneself, split off. Rain pours down the windows, sensual and sexual, and this fluid, material sensibility can be found in a number of Strand’s other films such as Fake Fruit Factory (1986), which features dripping, erotic scenes of the making of artificial fruit from papier-mâché, as well as later in Soft Fiction where a naked interviewee places a fork into a fried egg. A woman speaks of her desire to become a railing she has seen in a gallery, an old-fashioned, extensive bending system which she describes in loving and offbeat detail – the metallic colours, rich and warm, brass, copper, some gold, an S shape curve, and other curves which turn in on themselves, in circular fashion. She describes her desire to move through the world in a curve – a feminist statement if ever there was one. The comedy or surrealism of this image has a darker undertone however, suggestive of a kind of dissociation in the wish to become a part of the building. The stories explore and explode notions of inside and outside the house, about safety and danger. A woman reads a letter about sex with cowboys at a rodeo, which she reads laughingly, but it is clear that the episode becomes increasingly non-consensual, the writer having been tricked into a sexual scenario through the device of the cowboys asking her to take their picture. It ends with bargaining with the men, offering various sexual scenarios in order to get ‘safely’ out of the situation. She analyses the letter-writer’s handwriting, noting, as the story she’s telling moves into darker terrain, “…she makes a mistake here on the capital ‘I’” and then again “…another big mistake on the ‘I’”. The friend’s subjectivity is deformed in language, her ‘I’ performs a linguistic and existential distortion. Filmmaking is implicated or invoked, is part of the sexual scenario, and the men make threats also towards her camera, before she finally escapes. In the next scene, with another interviewee, who listens to the radio, featuring a collage of sounds – a steam train, voices, chanting – as she makes tea and cooks eggs, naked, while telling of child abuse she suffered. This is followed by an interviewee recounting a heroin and love addiction, which she ended by exorcising him, she says. In a dream-like image or psychoanalytic metaphor a woman in the garden now attempts to walk up some stairs and all the contents of her suitcase fall out. She begins to pick up the clothes and replace them. The last story is the most powerful of all. A woman recounts how she was forced as a young girl, to sit on a Nazi’s knee, at the time of the second world war, and to flirt with him in order to draw attention away from those they were concealing – a neighbour had told the Gestapo that they were hiding Jews in the house. She recounts from memory – they all went for a walk, there were fires on the hill, something bad happening beyond, and then, she says, there is a blank. The film cuts to images of a woman’s face behind water, showering, her face reflected and divided by the water. We think of gas chambers, showers, the film cuts to someone walking along sand as the film gives us time to digest this, and meanwhile the trains at the beginning of the film take on a new significance. Here the film resembles Akerman’s work most closely. And here, the softness of memory gives way to a lacuna. We never discover what happened. This last interviewee is in fact a professional actor, though it is her own story she is enacting. The film ends with a woman horseriding bareback, an overt symbol of a free and unrestrained sexuality, a utopian vision, or a reality after healing – the life force in the face of destruction. The film perhaps lacks the moral clarity of current feminist views of sexual harassment and abuse, but it nonetheless stages, as Marsha Kinder writes in an article in Film Quarterly, a repeated encounter with death, with the forces of destruction, in the form of a human male other, a kind of archetypal journey. The opera track which plays in the house at the beginning of the film, as the camera looks for the first protagonist, is revealed, as if peeling away a filmic layer, uncovering the covering up which often occurs in an edit; later on we see that it is a live performance of ‘Death and the Maiden’, as non-diegetic sound transforms seamlessly into diegetic. The empathy of the subjectivity of the filmmaker, her identification with her interviewees, makes it #MeToo before the time. ‘Soft’ fiction, though hard to watch; the soft seems to refer to a certain femininity, emotional vulnerability and lyricism, that counterpoints the horror of some of the subject matter. It also references the soft edges of memory, and the difficulties of recalling details around traumatic memory. This insistence on subjectivity in Strand’s anthropological films is reminiscent too of Trinh T. Minh-ha who also uses spatial motifs to describe her filmmaking methods, and in her film Reassemblage (1982) talks of ‘not speaking about (the subject) but of ‘speaking nearby.’ Strand speaks of the space ‘in between’, and this liminal space recurs in the edit, in the juxtapositions and unusual combinations. This more empathetic strategy of filmmaking is used in Strand’s work, maybe even to a greater extent than in Minh-ha’s, but clearly she has also been influenced by Laura Mulvey’s seminal 1973 essay ‘Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema’, which articulates the concept of the male gaze and deconstructs the typical pleasures of conventional cinema going. Strand is not interested in reperforming the objectification of the female subject, but instead in various attempts to circumnavigate this, to choose other positions as a filmmaker. This position rejects the possibility of the objectivity of filmmaker, in favour of more intuitive, bodily approaches where the camera is more of an extension of the body, and within the film, a reclamation by women of their own spoken, personal narratives. In the close-ups favoured by Strand, there is an echo of the intimacy inherent in the films themselves. At the same time though, there is a perhaps deliberate distancing effect; she states in an interview that in the editing process she often tried to view her footage as if it were found footage. We can see her influences too on contemporary anthropological filmmaking such as the Harvard Sensory Ethnography Lab – immersive films like Leviathan (2012) (on board a fishing boat) or the more post-structuralist Manakamana (2013) (journeys up a pilgrimage mountainside in a cable car), which can give the viewer the feeling of having almost been to that place, a kind of implanted cinematic memory. Soft Fiction was screened in the IFI alongside And Under That, directed by Anne- Marie Copestake. While the two films share a preoccupation with memory, it did not serve for me anyway as a satisfying counterpoint, and only highlighted the aesthetic differences between video and film. I would have preferred to have seen Soft Fiction screened alongside shorter Strand films, as it was in 2015 at the Tate Modern, or with a contemporary moving image work that more vociferously addressed current strands of feminist thinking and activism. It is not then only mainstream classics which are being restored – here we have an example of an experimental, female-centred film. Women filmmakers are finally beginning to be accorded more respect, and this can be seen in restorations such as this which preserves an important part of women’s, and all, cinema history. Nonetheless this particular film is, as well as being many other things, also an American, white, heteronormative piece. Restoration must be intersectional too. In the technique of film restoration, the first step is scanning, a doubling of the original film, before it is then transferred to 4K, followed by digital manipulation to get rid of scratches, mould, damage and so on. The digital software is able to paint through to the frame the restorer wants, to take details for example from other frames that are undamaged –thereby using the past or present of the film to repair itself. This has potentially interesting philosophical implications, in that the remastered film might now have a very different relationship to its own timeline, its own sense of time. Time is rendered complex, the past infused with a future it never knew, and which makes the past anew. It could be seen too as a metaphor for healing – in life, using memory or new experience (past or future) to repair the present moment. Time destroys and time repairs. In addition, the restored film, however much it resembles the original as it was when newly created, can never be self-identical, and is instead always a hybrid – of past and present, of film and digital. And so to conclude with an example from the past – some sobering statistics on women in cinema to give perspective: Before 1925 half of screenwriters were women; in fact women had more opportunities in the film industry prior to World War One than they do currently. This was before film really took off as an industry, and film itself was in its experimental, first flush, the era of silent cinema, and also still much more the preserve of misfits, outsiders, Jewish people, women than now. There is much to restore here. Written by Susan Thomson Susan Thomson is a writer and filmmaker, and directed the Ghost Empire trilogy, funded by the Arts Council of Ireland, exploring the legacy of British colonial laws on LGBTQ+ rights around the world. The films have screened internationally at film festivals, galleries, universities, and government, including in New York, Mumbai, Nicosia, London, Dublin, Mexico City, and Edinburgh. The Swimming Diaries, an artist’s book, was exhibited at X Initiative, New York and Artbook @ MoMA PS1, New York and is held in the collection of the Live Art Development Agency, London. Writer links: Website Feminist Media Histories: Gendered Discrimination in Creative Industries (Vol. 4, No. 4) Lost Forever: The Art of Film Preservation “Front Matter.” Ethnicities 5, no. 3 (2005). Kinder, Marsha. Film Quarterly 33, no. 3 (1980): 50-57. doi:10.2307/1212195. Leimbacher, Irena, and Chick Strand. “An Introduction to the Films of Chick Strand.” Discourse 20, no. 1/2 (1998): 127-52. http://www.jstor.org/stable/41389879. Strand, Chick. “Woman as Ethnographic Film Maker.” Journal of the University Film Association 26, no. 1/2 (1974): 16. The Custodians, Ben Lerner, Jan 11 2016 The Story of Film: An Odyssey (2011) Mark Cousins Women in the Arts: Iwona Blazwick Published on: Monday 21 January 2019	cc/2022-05/en_head_0000.json.gz/line322
__label__cc	0.552839	0.447161	/laii / LAII LA2 LAROC Haring collaborator Old School High Tight Intricate Masterpiece November 4, 2021 Author: admin LA II, Angel Ortiz, 2007, Spray and Paint Marker on canvas 9 x 12 inches. This painting is raw high energy, painted in his sought after style. Official Follin Gallery COA with dry stamp will accompany canvas. Gritty, raw, and inherently subversive, graffiti art has emerged from its urban roots and risen to an internationally recognized, gallery-exhibited art form. LA II collaborated with the late Keith Haring, for about 6 years, who also gave him his nickname “LA” or “Little Angel, ” in the 80’s, and also helped him develop his signature style. Keith Haring was influenced heavily by LA2s graffiti and many of LA2s works are mistaken for Keith Harings. LA2 was discovered by Keith Haring in the early 1980s and became his close friend and collaborator, traveling the world together, painting murals and sculptures. Signed and dated on the back by artist. You may also see three of his paintings exhibited at Pepperdine University in the Frederick Weisman Collection, or the Weisman Museum in Bel Air. LA II has shown his work in every major museum in the United States and gallerys throughout the world including the Whitney Museum in New York City. LA II and Keith Haring recently had an exhibition at Jeffrey Deitch in New York City ; the exhibition is now traveling internationally. Tony Shafrazi Gallery, New York City, with Keith Haring. Fun Gallery, New York City, with Keith Haring. Galerie Watari, Tokyo, Japan, with Keith Haring. Robert Fraser Gallery, London, United Kingdom, with Keith HaringSpecial Projects. Paint Fiorucci, Milan, Italy, with Keith Haring. Paint Building in Tokyo, Japan, with Keith Haring. Salvatore Ala Gallery, Milan, Italy, with Keith Haring. Queens Museum, Flushing Meadows Corona Park, New York with Keith Haring. University Galleries, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois, with Keith Haring. Tampa Museum of Art, Tampa, Florida, with Keith Haring. Follin Gallery, New York City. Jeffrey Deitch, New York City, with Keith Haring, (traveling exhibition). Clayton Patterson Outlaw Museum, New York City. Marco Art, New York City. LA II & Keith Haring, Due amici a New York negli anni 80, Putignano Arte, NOCI (Bari). 1983 Pittsburgh Center For the Arts, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, with Keith Haring. 2001 Max Fish, New York City. 2002 Kitting Factory, Los Angeles, California. Weisman Art Museum, Pepperdine University, Malibu, California. Weisman Art Museum at the University of Minnesota, Minnesota, Minneapolis. Whitney Museum of American Art, New York City. The item “LAII LA2 LAROC Haring collaborator Old School High Tight Intricate Masterpiece” is in sale since Saturday, February 2, 2019. This item is in the category “Art\Paintings”. The seller is “follin” and is located in New York, New York. This item can be shipped worldwide. Artist: LA II Style: Graffiti Art Listed By: dealer Size Type/Largest Dimension: 12 Height (Inches): 9	cc/2022-05/en_head_0000.json.gz/line323
__label__wiki	0.563311	0.563311	Education & Non-Profits Industry Retail & Personal Services Entertainment and Fashion Industry Start Your Company TOU & PP Outside General Counsel Counsel to Chinese Companies Value Pricing Returning Clients Brand, Brand protection, Trademarks 4 Secrets to Building Your Best Brand (Part I) “…branding is the process of attaching an idea to some object, or to a service or organization.” – Rob Walker Trademarks are the legal expression of brands. Trademarks are generally words, phrases, logos, and symbols used by producers to identify their goods. However, shapes, sounds, fragrances, and colors may also be registered as trademarks. Here are four trademark secrets to help you build your best brand: BE THE FIRST TO USE IT Unlike China and European Union countries, United States follows the first-to-use trademark system, under which marks that are actually used in commerce first are assigned trademark rights and given priority in their territory of use. Under first-to-use trademark regimes, being the first to apply for trademark registration does not guarantee priority to the Applicant. Thus, in the U.S., prior use of a mark as a trade name, prior use analogous to trademark or service mark use, can establish proprietary rights. These proprietary rights are based on common law. A trademark can be established solely through use in commerce in a specific geographical area. Business names, logos, and phrases that are regularly used–even though they have never been federally registered–can all be considered common law trademarks in the U.S. Therefore, the Trademark Act allows for cancellation of Principal Register registrations based on prior use of a confusingly similar mark, by one who “believes that he is or will be damaged by the registration.” The petitioner of such cancellation only needs to use their mark in some way that creates an association in the minds of consumers between the mark and the petitioner’s goods, which is a lower standard than the “use in commerce” standard required for trademark registration. Therefore, an important secret to building your best brand is to start using your trademark as early as possible, because prior users are afforded important rights under U.S. trademark law – including common law trademark rights and the priority to cancel a federal trademark registration. SELL ACROSS STATE-LINES The scope of federal trademark jurisdiction is commerce that may be regulated by the U.S. Congress. Article 1, Section 8, Clause 3 of the U.S. Constitution is what is often referred to as the Commerce Clause, which gives Congress the power “to regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the several states, and with the Indian tribes. The importance of selling across state-line is thus created by this need to ensure a trademark registration is within the scope of federal trademark jurisdiction. The USPTO requires a proper filing basis for all federal trademark registrations. The trademark applicant’s mark must already be used in commerce or registered with a bona fide intent to use the mark in commerce. Intent to use means that you haven’t started using your trademark in interstate commerce, but you have a bona fide intent to do so within the next three to four years. Although you can apply to register your trademark with an intent-to-use basis, you cannot actually register your trademark until you show that you’ve started using it in commerce and you file the proper TEAS form and pay the required additional filing fees. When registering your trademark with the USPTO, you’ll need to provide evidence that you’re using it in commerce. You’ll need to submit a specimen showing how you use your trademark. Therefore, another secret to building your best brand that is protected nationally under the federal trademark law is to start selling across state lines and prepare the proper specimens to serve as evidence of your trademark use in interstate commerce. If you are using your trademark in conjunction with the sale of physical items, you may place the trademark directly on the product or on the product’s packaging, displays, tags or labels, etc. Or the trademark must be used on documents associated with the goods in connection with its sale, such as an invoice. On the other hand, if you are using the trademark in conjunction with offering specific services, the trademark must be used in a sufficiently obvious way with the marketing materials (website, pamphlet, ads…) of the services. Submitting specimens that will be accepted by the USPTO is not as straightforward a task as it sounds. There are many rules that the specimen must comply to. For example, it is important to note that advertising material is an acceptable specimen only for services, but not for goods. Moreover, any webpage specimens must include the URL and the date the page was accessed or printed, otherwise, the specimen will be rejected by the USPTO. Additionally, a specimen that shows a trademark used in a purely ornamental or decorative manner is likely not an acceptable specimen. For example, a slogan or logo emblazoned across the front of a t-shirt, hat, or tote bag would not be acceptable because consumers would likely perceive the slogan or logo as merely an ornamental or decorative element rather than as a trademark indicating the source of the shirts, hat, or tote bag. However, consumers may perceive a small word or design on such goods, like a small discrete animal logo on a shirt front pocket, as a trademark. [To be continued in Part II] Judy Yen Judy Yen is an associate in Carbon Law Group’s Los Angeles office. She joined our firm in 2019 and her practice focuses on representing emerging companies in intellectual property and business transactional matters. Born and raised in Taiwan, Judy is a native speaker of Mandarin Chinese. She has used her international legal experience, language, and bicultural skills to represent businesses and investors from the Greater China region in cross-border business expansion plans and execution in investing in the United States. Prior to joining Carbon Law Group, Judy worked for Paul Hastings LLP in their Shanghai office, where she gained valuable experience in international corporate law, including working on two IPO projects. Judy is admitted to practice law in California. She graduated from Loyola Law School, Los Angeles in May 2019. In law school, Judy was a member of the Fashion Law Clinic, Transactional Negotiation Team and Entertainment Moot Court. She received her bachelor’s degree in Political Science and Accounting from the University of California, Los Angeles. Judy grew up in a family of artists and entrepreneurs who had fostered her passion for art and business. She is an avid foodie who loves to both explore cool restaurants and try new recipes at home. She also likes oil painting, swimming, and hiking. September 30, 2021 /by Judy Yen https://carbonlg.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/patrik-michalicka-r3iAqHb7JWs-unsplash-scaled-e1633028341901.jpg 1234 2560 Judy Yen https://carbonlg.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/new-logo.png Judy Yen2021-09-30 19:01:262021-10-01 01:01:564 Secrets to Building Your Best Brand (Part I) Intellectual Property, Trademarks 4 Secrets to Building Your Best Brand (Webinar) Interested in learning the secrets behind building the best brand? Join us for this FREE webinar and learn about how to build a successful and legally protectable brand! If you are thinking about building a brand, you cannot miss this! Pankaj S. Raval Founder of Carbon Law Group, Pankaj Raval has been practicing intellectual property and corporate law for ten years. He has worked with budding entrepreneurs, startups, and fast-growing companies. He takes a special interest in helping his clients solve challenging legal and business problems in an effort to build their ventures and make a positive impact on society. carbonlg.com September 10, 2021 /by Pankaj S. Raval https://carbonlg.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/pr.jpg 856 1786 Pankaj S. Raval https://carbonlg.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/new-logo.png Pankaj S. Raval2021-09-10 22:26:032021-09-30 18:12:064 Secrets to Building Your Best Brand (Webinar) Brand, Brand protection, New and Notable, News, Trademarks Key Provisions of the Trademark Modernization Act of 2020 and Why it is Important for Brand Owners The Trademark Modernization of 2020 (“TMA”) was signed into law on December 27, 2020, as part of the COVID-19 relief and government funding bill. It will be fully implemented and take effect on December 27, 2021. TMA brought some remarkable changes to the United States Trademark Act of 1946, a.k.a. the Lanham Act, that will significantly affect brand owners in the U.S. TMA Codifies Rules for the “Letters of Protest” Practice There has been a long-standing yet not well-known practice of the USPTO, called the “letter of protest,” which allows third parties to submit evidence to the USPTO prior to registration, regarding a trademark’s registrability. Before the TMA, the USPTO did not have a formal process in place for submitting or reviewing these letters of protest, and it has resulted in the underutilization of this process. The TMA formalizes this letter of protest process for submitting evidence against pending third-party trademark applications by giving it statutory authority. The letter of protest submissions must identify each legal ground for an examining attorney to refuse registration or issue a requirement, include evidence that supports those grounds, and a concise description for each piece of supporting evidence. Following the passage of the TMA, the USPTO issued rules setting out the letter of protest procedures and a $50.00 fee for these submissions that went into effect on January 2, 2021. TMA requires the USPTO to act on submissions of letters of protest within two months of receipt. The codified letter of protest process under the TMA provides third-parties with a simpler and cheaper procedure compared to the traditional opposition procedure, which limits third parties believing that they may be damaged by the federal registration of a mark to file an opposition during a 30-day opposition period occurring just before registration of the mark in question and pay the expensive opposition filing fees (increased to $600.00 per class from $400.00 this year). Takeaway: Any brand owner now may use this simpler and inexpensive formal process to attempt to intervene in a third-party application for a trademark that may conflict with your mark, or that you believe should otherwise be refused registration, by asking the USPTO to consider evidence that it may not otherwise have in the examination record. On the other hand, the letter of protest process may also be disadvantageous to some brand owners by making it more difficult to secure a trademark registration. To help make the most of this new process, brand owners should consider setting up trademark watch services that alert the brand owner to pending applications for marks that may conflict with the brand owner’s mark. TMA Enables the USPTO to Shorten Office Action Response Deadlines to Anywhere Between 2 Months and 6 Months In order to free the USPTO trademark register from numerous illegitimate trademark applications that are not actually used in the U.S. commerce, TMA gives the USPTO the authority to set office action response periods that are shorter than the current six-month response time, but not less than 60 days from the Office Action issuance date. If needed, the applicant may request to extend the shortened response deadline to up to six months. Takeaway: Brand owners now must pay special attention to the actual response deadline upon receipt of an Office Action, as we may start seeing much shorter response periods than the six-month response deadline that we are used to. TMA Creates New Ex Parte Expungement and Reexamination Proceedings as New Methods for Seeking Cancellation of a Third-party Trademark Registration Before the passage of the TMA, the USPTO permits inter-parte Cancellation proceedings that are similar to court litigation against trademark registrations, which occur before the Trademark Trial and Appeal Board (TTAB). There are a number of grounds on which someone may petition to cancel a third-party registration, including the registration owner’s abandonment or lack of use of the registered mark in interstate commerce. TMA provides a new post-registration procedure for ex parte expungement of certain improperly granted registrations. Specifically, it allows anyone to petition the USPTO to expunge a registration, either in whole or in part, where there are specific goods or services listed in the registration for which the trademark has never been used in U.S. commerce. This new procedure must be brought between three to ten years after the registration date. On the other hand, a reexamination proceeding may be initiated against a registration any time before the fifth year following the registration date for any registration based on use in commerce. The new trademark reexamination procedure provides a process for challenging registrations based upon a false, but not necessarily fraudulent, declaration of the mark’s use in association with the goods and services identified in the registration. When preparing a trademark application, applicants often include many (or all) of the goods and services that fall within the “class” of goods or services initially selected by the applicant. Trademark applicants often try to include as many goods and services as possible under the same class because their filing fee covers the registration of a mark under the entire class. However, this practice violates the spirit of the law, which requires actual use of the mark in association with each good or service identified in the registration. To rectify the proliferation of overzealous registrations resulting from this practice, TMA’s reexamination procedure allows for the cancellation from the registration, each good or service with which the mark was not being used as of the filing date of the mark’s declaration of use. For both the Ex Parte Expungement and Reexamination proceedings, the USPTO’s decision to cancel a registration is appealable, and these proceedings may be initiated against registrations that registered before or after enactment of the TMA. Takeaway: It is critical for brand owners to make sure that they actually provide all the goods and services listed in their trademark registrations, or be exposed to the risk of losing part or all of their registrations for lack of use in commerce. TMA Restores the Rebuttable Presumption of Irreparable Harm for Plaintiffs Seeking Injunctive Relief in Trademark Infringement Cases. Before TMA, in order for a trademark infringement plaintiff to obtain a court-ordered injunction against a defendant to stop the defendant from continuing to use the disputed mark, the plaintiff must prove several elements, including that the plaintiff will be irreparably harmed without the injunction. In recent years, the federal circuit courts in the United States have been split on whether the irreparable harm element should be presumed in trademark infringement cases where the court has found either infringement (for a permanent injunction) or that the plaintiff is likely to be successful on the merits of its infringement claim (for a preliminary injunction). The TMA resolves the circuit split by codifying into law that trademark infringement plaintiffs shall be entitled to a rebuttable presumption of irreparable harm without the injunction upon a finding of trademark infringement or likelihood of success on the merits, depending on whether the plaintiff is seeking a permanent or preliminary injunction. Takeaway: Brand owners now have a reduced evidentiary burden for obtaining injunctive relief to protect their trademark rights. A brand owner who proves infringement will enjoy a favorable legal presumption that the harm caused by continued infringement will be irreparable. If you need help with registering a new trademark with the USPTO, contact us today to discuss your trademark protection strategies with an experienced trademark attorney. Schedule an appointment with us to schedule a free initial consultation! March 31, 2021 /by Judy Yen https://carbonlg.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/robert-anasch-7r59pbkQY6U-unsplash-scaled.jpg 838 1200 Judy Yen https://carbonlg.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/new-logo.png Judy Yen2021-03-31 00:03:162021-03-31 00:06:15Key Provisions of the Trademark Modernization Act of 2020 and Why it is Important for Brand Owners Intellectual Property, Start-up, Trademarks Stronger Trademarks? It Requires More Than Just Hitting The Gym More Often It is the new year and a lot of us resolved to work out more and get stronger. But don’t limit your strength training to just your muscles–your trademarks deserve a little boost as well!? Why is trademark strength important? U.S. trademark law recognizes a spectrum of distinctiveness that provides a sliding scale of trademark protectability. Judge Pierre Leval defined trademark strength as the amount of “legal muscle” possessed by a given mark. The stronger the mark, the more uses the trademark owner may exclude from the marketplace through a trademark infringement or dilution action. Stronger marks are able to exclude more similar marks from the marketplace. Such increases can happen along two fronts: “appearance” of the trademark and the “goods or services” the trademark protects. The stronger a registered trademark is on the “appearance” dimension, the less similar the look, sound, and spelling a third-party’s mark must be in order to risk being excluded by the registered trademark. The stronger a registered trademark is on the “goods or services” dimension, the less similar the goods or services offered by a competitor using the same or similar marks must be in order to risk being excluded by the registered trademark. A trademark’s relative strength or weakness will also have a direct bearing on its performance in the market. A mark that is highly distinctive functions as a strong mark, identifying the owner as the source of the covered products or services. When a mark is not distinctive or it may already be used by others on or in connection with different products or services, the mark is considered weak. Therefore, trademark strength is extremely important for trademark owners as it has a strong impact on the value of the trademarks to their owners. It is generally easier and less costly for a trademark owner to acquire and enforce exclusive rights in a strong trademark that is distinctive and unique than one that is descriptive or highly diluted, i.e., widely used. How is a mark’s strength or weakness gauged? The relative strength or weakness of a trademark may be gauged by placing the trademark on a spectrum. The types of trademarks discussed below range from the strongest to the weakest. Fanciful or Coined Marks. A fanciful or coined mark is at the strongest end of the spectrum because it is inherently distinctive. Such a mark consists of an invented word that is a combination of letters that has no meaning. For example: GOOGLE for online services, PEPSI for soft drinks, ROLEX for watches, and XEROX for copiers. Since a fanciful or coined mark has no inherent meaning, in the beginning, a bigger effort in terms of advertising is necessary in order to educate the public as to the relationship between the invented word and the owner’s product or service. However, these marks enjoy the broadest scope of protection against third-party use. Arbitrary Marks. An arbitrary mark is composed of a word or words that have a common meaning in the language of the relevant jurisdiction; however, that meaning is unrelated to the goods or services for which the mark is used. Arbitrary marks, such as CAMEL for cigarettes and APPLE for computers, are considered highly distinctive in identifying and distinguishing products or services. As with fanciful or coined marks, the public must be educated as to the association of the arbitrary mark with the relevant product or service, but the scope of protection obtained is very broad. Suggestive Marks. A suggestive mark gives consumers some sense of the nature of the products or services that a business will provide without actually describing the product or service. A suggestive mark is one that requires “a mental leap from the mark to the product”, or, “the consumer’s imagination, thought, and perception to reach a conclusion as to the nature of the goods or services.” Variety Stores, Inc. v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., 888 F.3d 651, 662 (4th Cir. 2018). Examples of suggestive marks are AIRBUS for airplanes and NETFLIX for streaming services. Suggestive marks can possess an inherent element of sales appeal and will require less education of the public than coined or arbitrary marks; for this reason, generally, suggestive marks are entitled to less-extensive protection. Descriptive Marks. In general, a descriptive mark is a word (or words) that merely describes a product or that contains ingredients or attributes that are too weak to function as a trademark. An example of a merely descriptive mark would be COLD AND CREAMY for ice cream. Such a mark is very unlikely to be granted registration, as the phrase merely describes an attribute of the product. Words that merely describe an attribute, feature, end result, or use of the product, or the persons employed in its production, generally are not granted trademark protection. Merely laudatory terms such as “best” or “quality” also are generally not registrable. In some jurisdictions, surnames are treated as descriptive marks. What is initially a descriptive word may later become protectable as a trademark if it acquires secondary meaning. In other words, if a descriptive word is used and advertised exclusively as a trademark for a sufficient period of time, it may, in addition to having the primary meaning that is descriptive of the product, come to identify the mark as being associated with a single source of origin for that product. An example of a descriptive word that has acquired a secondary meaning and become protectable as a trademark is SHARP for televisions. Generic Words. A generic word can be thought of as the common name of the product or service in question—for example, “clock” is a generic word for timepieces. Such words can never be appropriated by a single party as trademarks for the products or services they signify, since the public perceives and uses them solely as common nouns or terms. Generic words or phrases are not registrable or protectable in relation to the products or services they signify. How to select a strong trademark? As a trademark applicant, you should try your best to come up with a strong new trademark that is inherently distinctive. The strongest types of trademarks are (1) fanciful or coined marks, such as EXXON for petroleum products, KODAK for photography company; and (2) arbitrary marks, such as AMAZON for retail services, APPLE for computers, SHELL for gasoline, and BLACKBERRY for cell phones. There are many resources online that can help you with the naming process of your brand. For example, what we found on this website: https://guide.onym.co/ or the books like “Brand Thinking and Other Noble Pursuits.” Check out our other blog post on how to choose a business name here. If you need help with determining your proposed trademark’s strength, contact us today to discuss your trademark protection strategies with an experienced trademark attorney. Schedule an appointment with us to schedule a free initial consultation! February 11, 2021 /by Judy Yen https://carbonlg.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/TM-strength-spectrum-1-e1613006939408.png 458 1024 Judy Yen https://carbonlg.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/new-logo.png Judy Yen2021-02-11 01:29:272021-02-11 01:31:17Stronger Trademarks? It Requires More Than Just Hitting The Gym More Often Brand protection, Intellectual Property, Trademarks The First Line of Defense For Intellectual Property Owners In The Fight Against Counterfeits – CBP The U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP), a bureau of the Department of Homeland Security, is the nation’s largest federal law enforcement agency that is charged with securing the nation’s borders and facilitating international travel and trade. It plays an underrated role in helping businesses enforce their intellectual property rights. Businesses may work with CBP to protect their intellectual property rights against counterfeiters. CBP has the authority to determine infringement of intellectual property rights at the US border and enforce intellectual property rights by excluding from entry, detaining, and seizing goods that infringe the business’s intellectual property rights such as trademarks, copyrights, and patents. How can CBP help with Intellectual property rights enforcement and fight against counterfeits? Intellectual property rights enforcement is complex and CBP relies on assistance from intellectual property rights owners to effectively carry out its enforcement authority. To obtain full CBP protection against the importation of goods bearing infringing trademarks, trademark owners should record their federally registered trademarks with CBP. Only trademarks registered on the USPTO’s Principal Register are eligible for CBP recordation. Common law trademarks and trademarks registered on the USPTO’s Supplemental Register cannot be recorded with CBP. It is important to record trademarks with CBP because CBP has no authority to prevent the importation of goods bearing a confusingly similar mark if the mark has not been recorded with the CBP. Therefore, even if the goods bear a mark that copies or simulates a mark registered with the USPTO, if the mark has not been recorded with CBP, the goods are not subject to detention or seizure. CBP and Counterfeits A counterfeit mark is a “spurious mark that is identical with, or substantially indistinguishable from,” a federally registered mark. CBP is obligated to seize and seek forfeiture of imported goods deemed to bear a “counterfeit” mark, whether or not the mark is recorded with CBP. CBP has authority to seize goods bearing counterfeit marks because of the Tariff Act of 1930 and Federal Criminal Code, which provide for criminal penalties, including fines, against persons who intentionally traffic in counterfeit goods. CBP may impose a civil fine against any person who directs, assists financially or otherwise, or aids in the importation of goods bearing a counterfeit mark. Knowledge that the product is counterfeit is not required for civil liability. CBP also maintains the Intellectual Property Rights Search (IPRS) database, which contains information on recorded trademarks (as well as copyrights and trade names) and the IPRS database is available to the public. How can Intellectual Property Owners Effectively Work with the CBP Here are a few steps intellectual property owners can take to increase the likelihood that CBP will discover and take action against infringements: Provide CBP with information regarding their trademarks and products (such as by making a product identification training guide and providing product identification training) Report suspected infringing imports to CBP Create and implement an intellectual property security plan Navigating how you can work with the CBP to protect your company or product against counterfeits may seem daunting. It is always helpful to enlist the assistance of a professional intellectual property attorney. We are here to help you fully understand the benefits and details of working the the CBP to protect your intellectual property rights. Find out how Carbon Law Group can help you protect your intellectual property rights by scheduling a meeting with us using this link. January 22, 2020 /by Judy Yen https://carbonlg.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/new-logo.png 0 0 Judy Yen https://carbonlg.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/new-logo.png Judy Yen2020-01-22 18:24:432020-11-04 04:05:46The First Line of Defense For Intellectual Property Owners In The Fight Against Counterfeits - CBP Non-Traditional Trademarks – Color, Sound, Scent, and Hashtags Did you know that color, sound, scent, and hashtags can be protected by trademarks? Traditionally, trademarks are words or symbols used to identify the source of a product or service. Most trademarks are word marks such as COCA-COLA; or design marks/logos such as ; and slogans, such as Coca-Cola’s “It’s The Real Thing.” However, the list of things that can be registered as trademarks under the Lanham Act is actually very broad. There are practically no limitations to the subject matter of registrable marks, so long as the mark is capable of acting as an identifier of source, whether because it is inherently distinctive, or it has acquired distinctiveness and the mark is not functional. Here is a list of non-traditional trademarks: Color Mark The registrability of a color mark depends on the manner in which the proposed color mark is used. Color takes on the characteristics of the object or surface to which it is applied, and the commercial impression of color will change accordingly. Color marks are never inherently distinctive, and cannot be registered on the Principal Register without a showing of acquired distinctiveness. Color, whether a single overall color or multiple colors applied in a specific and arbitrary fashion, is usually perceived as an ornamental feature of the goods or services. However, color can function as a mark if it is used in the manner of a trademark or service mark and if it is perceived by the purchasing public to identify and distinguish the goods or services on or in connection with which it is used and to indicate their source. Sound and Scent Mark A sound mark identifies and distinguishes a product or service through audio rather than visual means. Sound marks function as source indicators when they “assume a definite shape or arrangement” and “create in the listener’s mind an association of the sound” with a good or service. Some famous sound trademarks include the iconic ticking of 60 Minutes’ stopwatch that CBS trademarked and the sound of a lightsaber, FYI, is described as “an oscillating humming buzz created by combining feedback from a microphone with a projector motor sound.” Some scents that are protected by trademarks include the scent of Play-Doh, which is described as “a unique scent formed through the combination of a sweet, slightly musky, vanilla-like fragrance, with slight overtones of cherry, and the natural smell of a salted, wheat-based dough;” and the “flowery musk scent” in verizon stores. A trademark applicant that wishes to register a sound or a scent trademark is not required to submit a drawing if the mark consists only of a sound, a scent, or other completely non-visual matter. For these types of marks, the applicant must submit a detailed description of the mark. Hashtag Mark A “hashtag” is a form of metadata consisting of a word or phrase prefixed with the symbol “#”. Hashtags are often used on social networking sites to identify or facilitate a search for a keyword or topic of interest. As hashtags became increasingly more popular on social media, in 2013 the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) recognized hashtags as registrable trademarks “only if [the mark] functions as an identifier of the source of the applicant’s goods or services.” The addition of the term HASHTAG or the hash symbol (#) to an otherwise unregistrable mark typically will not render it registrable. Some examples of hashtag mark the USPTO has granted registration include: #EVERYDAYMADEWELL for “online retail store and retail store services in the fields of clothing, footwear, bags, sunglasses, jewelry, watches, and fashion accessories” #HOWDOYOUKFC for “restaurant services #THESELFIE for “photography and videography equipment, namely, remote shutter releases Unique challenges applicants of non-traditional trademarks face Federal registration of trademarks generally confers certain benefits to the trademark owner However, non-traditional trademarks face unique challenges that traditional trademarks don’t face in registering with the USPTO. Non-traditional trademarks can take longer and cost more to register and in addition to the distinctiveness and non-functionality hurdles, challenges exist in clearing the marks for registration due to the complexity involved in searching Non-traditional trademarks on TESS; fulfilling technical requirements for registration involved in providing the appropriate drawing and specimens for marks that are not easily depicted on paper; and the unique unpredictability due to a lack of successful precedents to provide guidance. Even if it is registered, a non-traditional trademark may be difficult to enforce. Furthermore, the inherent challenges in searching non-traditional marks make it hard to monitor infringement of the mark. If you need help with your non-traditional trademark, contact us today to discuss your trademark protection strategies with an experienced trademark practitioner. October 24, 2019 /by Judy Yen https://carbonlg.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/randalyn-hill-sdslO53eapk-unsplash.jpg 800 1200 Judy Yen https://carbonlg.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/new-logo.png Judy Yen2019-10-24 21:14:432019-10-24 22:04:00Non-Traditional Trademarks - Color, Sound, Scent, and Hashtags Brand, Brand protection, Intellectual Property, Trademarks 9 Reasons to Register Your Trademark When starting a company, your brand is of your most valuable assets. However, an often overlooked area of creating and launching a brand is trademark protection. Entrepreneurs often wonder whether it is worth filing for a federal trademark. While you establish some rights the moment you start using a brand, there are significant advantages to registering your name, logo, or packaging design. Here are nine advantages to filing for and obtaining federal trademark protection on the Principal Trademark Register: Prima facie evidence of validity and the registrant’s ownership of the mark. Constructive nationwide use of the mark. Federal court subject matter jurisdiction over infringement and other trademark claims without a showing of diversity or minimum amount in controversy. Statutory remedies for federal trademark infringement claims, including, under certain circumstances: treble damages; and recovery of attorneys’ fees and costs. Constructive notice of ownership, which eliminates the defenses of good faith use and innocent adoption. The right to use ® and other notices of federal registration. After five years the registration may, subject to limited exceptions, become incontestable and be deemed conclusive evidence of the owner’s exclusive rights to use the mark. A registration may be recorded with US Customs to stop the importation of infringing, counterfeit, and gray market goods. A registration may provide a basis for registering the mark in foreign countries. Not all trademarks will qualify for the Principal Register. However, understanding your options and the best ways to register and protect your brand is a worthwhile investment. Contact us today to discuss your brand protection strategies with an experienced trademark practitioner. March 7, 2019 /by Pankaj S. Raval https://carbonlg.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/trademark-registration-crop.jpeg 393 1200 Pankaj S. Raval https://carbonlg.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/new-logo.png Pankaj S. Raval2019-03-07 07:45:492019-03-07 07:50:489 Reasons to Register Your Trademark Entrepreneurship, Start-up, Trademarks Establishing priority with your trademark When it comes to building your brand, there is some confusion around what it takes to establish trademark rights. Clients ask, is filing a federal trademark application enough to protect me? What about posting on social media? These are great questions often without clear answers. To understand how to best protect your trademark rights, it is important to understand the purpose of trademark laws in the first place. Trademark law, codified under the Lanham Act, is fundamentally a consumer protection statute. It was created to protect consumers from companies that try to steal the goodwill of popular brands to sell their products or services (think of those guys selling purses in NYC with interchangeable brand names). Trademarks are used as a source identifier. They allow consumers to differentiate between certain types of goods and their sources. When it comes to establishing your brand, trademark rights are fundamentally based on the first to use the mark. That means, filing an application alone generally isn’t sufficient to protect your rights to a mark against someone who may have used the name earlier than you. Establishing legitimate use is critical. But, what is legitimate use, you ask? Great question. Legitimate use of a trademark that amounts to commercial use that would cause the public to associate your mark with your goods or services. It could be social media posts, a website, products, or apparel. Legitimate use also varies based on what you are selling. If you are selling goods, generally, you need to show the use on the good in a way that shows your goods are in interstate commerce and can be purchased. For services, proper use amounts to advertising the services, among other types of use. When it comes to establishing priority over another company regarding a possibly infringing mark, the party that can show the earliest legitimate use of the name along with the strongest engagement with the consuming public will most likely win a dispute. A federal trademark application is important to protect your rights and establish your rights federally against later users in other locations. But to protect your rights locally and early, make legitimate use as early as possible. Key Takeaway: when it comes to establishing priority, make sure you are gettings your goods or services in commerce early and effectively. June 15, 2018 /by Pankaj S. Raval https://carbonlg.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/trademark-clg.jpg 400 800 Pankaj S. Raval https://carbonlg.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/new-logo.png Pankaj S. Raval2018-06-15 09:25:012018-09-24 03:02:40Establishing priority with your trademark Take-aways from the 2018 International Trademark Association’s (INTA) Annual Meeting Every year, about ten to eleven thousand trademark attorneys and service providers converge on a major city to network, exchange ideas, and review the previous years’ developments in the world of trademarks. It is an exciting time for a trademark practitioner. I had the good fortune of attending this years’ INTA convention in Seattle, Washington. It was four days of shaking hands, meeting new colleagues, and enjoying the several social events taking place each evening. I must say, of the various specialties in law, trademark lawyers know how to have a good time. Every INTA is different for a variety of reasons. The location makes a huge impact on how you will attend the event. This year, given the conference was on the same coast as me, I had little reason not to attend. In the past, I have made it a point to attend many panel discussions and “lunch and learns,” where we break out into small groups to discuss timely topics in trademark law such as “Protecting Well-Known Marks,” “Protecting Domain Names,” and more. The most popular panel, however, takes place on the last day of the conference and is hosted by Ted Davis and John Welch, all-stars in the world of trademarks. Mr. Welch always makes his review entertaining, with the crowd in stitches many times throughout his presentation. Some of the key takeaways from this year were: The number of 2(d) likelihood of confusion reversals granted by the Trademark Trial and Appeal Board was minuscule Perhaps the most discussed decision was the Matal v Tam case which ruled that the prohibition under section 2(a) of the Lanham Act of the federal registration of potentially disparaging trademarks and service marks violated the Free Speech Clause of the First Amendment because the viewpoint was discriminatory and therefore subject to strict scrutiny. The TTAB affirmed its refusal to register KLEER ADHESIVES for adhesives and mortar on the basis that the applicant’s goods were not transparent In a case involving Dr. Dre, or Andre Young, the TTAB dismissed his opposition to Dr. Drai, an OBGYN and Media Personality citing there was no evidence of confusion between the marks and that the goods and services were unique enough to not cause confusion in the marketplace The above highlights are but a few of the important decisions that change the way trademark practitioners must view and evaluate trademarks going forward. Beyond a great review of current trademark decisions and meeting wonderful colleagues, we had a great time taking in the beautiful sights of Seattle. For more information on how to create a strong brand and ensure it is protected, please email us at [email protected] or schedule an appointment to chat today! P.S. I cannot forget to thank the awesome team at AltLegal for hosting me this year. If you are looking for a new docketing system for your practice, I highly recommend them. Yes, full disclosure, I am a recent investor, but I have been a big fan of what they are doing long before I decided to invest. May 25, 2018 /by Pankaj S. Raval https://carbonlg.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/inta-2018-annual-meeting-seattle.jpg 360 684 Pankaj S. Raval https://carbonlg.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/new-logo.png Pankaj S. Raval2018-05-25 09:59:272018-09-24 03:03:10Take-aways from the 2018 International Trademark Association's (INTA) Annual Meeting Business, Trademarks Does someone own the “.com” domain containing your trademark? Find out what remedies you have My business holds a federally registered trademark, but someone else owns the “.com” domain containing my mark. Sound familiar to you or a “friend”? Domain names are arguably the most sought-after online property because of the ease and quickness by which any web user can acquire a domain name from popular hosts like GoDaddy. The common sense approach to this problem would be to search for the owner of the domain and reach out to them directly, but the likelihood of your receiving any response is small – with any action taken being even smaller. Fortunately, after having successfully filed hundreds of trademarks for our diverse group of clients, we have been able to identify and utilize effective means to obtain a domain name held by a “cybersquatter,” including the governing laws providing the grounds for our clients to obtain their rightful intellectual property. What is “cybersquatting”? Cybersquatting is the increasingly common practice employed by opportunistic individuals and entities of purchasing domain names in the hope of staking their claim to a popular company name idea or title. More often than not, attempting to access the domain through a web browser yields no result primarily because there was never any intent to utilize the domain for any commercial purpose. Fortunately, for federal trademark[1] owners and small businesses finding themselves having to pay lots of money for the domain name best associated with their mark, there are two routes that people or companies affected may take to combat this problem: (i) the Anticybersquatting Consumer Protection Act (ACPA)[2], and (ii) through the Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP) provided by ICANN[3]. (i) Understanding the Anticybersquatting Consumer Protection Act (ACPA) Under the ACPA, cybersquatting is the “practice of registering, using, or selling a domain name containing language that is identical or similar to a current trademark owner’s mark with a bad faith intent to profit from the domain name.” Critical to this definition are the factors a court may use to determine if a domain name transaction is conducted “in bad faith”, counting for and against. A domain name transaction is unlikely to be considered in bad faith if: the registrant herself has any trademark or IP rights in the name; the domain name contains the legal or nick- name of the registrant; the registrant used the domain name in connection with the good faith offering of goods and/or services; or there is lawful non-commercial or fair use of the mark in a website under the domain name. On the other hand, a domain name transaction is likely to be considered in bad faith if: there is intent to divert a site that could harm the trademark owner’s goodwill-either for commercial gain or with intent to tarnish by creating likelihood of confusion as to source, sponsorship or affiliation, or endorsement of the site; there is an offer to sell the domain name without having used, nor having an intent to use, the domain in the bona fide offering of goods or services, or there exists a prior pattern of such conduct; the registrant intentionally provides misleading contact information in the domain name registration application, or has a history of such conduct; there exists a warehousing of multiple domain names that appear to be identical or confusingly similar to distinctive marks or dilutive of famous marks, without regard to the goods or services being provided; or the mark (not the domain owner’s mark) is particularly distinctive or famous. Some of these factors are actionable under the Lanham Act, but that a softer qualification for purchasing or registering a domain is that there be a bona fide intent to launch goods, services, or a business – even if those plans never come to fruition. However, per subpoint 5 above, if a domain registrant sits on a mark that he or she knows to be famous and tied to another’s validly registered trademark, a claim for “bad faith” becomes stronger. (ii) Understanding the Uniform Dispute Resolution Process (UDRP) The UDRP administered by ICANN currently applies to the top-level domains (TLDs) of .biz, .com, .info, .org, .net, and a few country code domains like .ac, and .mx. The definition of cybersquatting provided by ICANN is a “bad faith registration of another’s trademark in a domain name,” so traditional trademark rules related to unregistered “common law” and federally registered trademarks apply. One of the big differences between the UDRP and ACPA is that the entire dispute resolution proceeding is conducted online, is generally resolved within 60 calendar days of the first filing, and is mandatory for TLDs contracted with ICANN (including “.com”). Once you or your counsel determine that a UDRP action is appropriate or necessary depending on the responsiveness of the current domain owner, the process begins by filing a complaint and sending a copy to the respondent (the current domain holder). The UDRP is generally lauded for its effective and timely dispute resolution process, and we have found that our trademark clients value its efficacy. For more information and personalized guidance based on your circumstances, or if you are ready to commence an action through the UDRP, please speak with our technology attorneys by emailing us at [email protected] or call our office at (323) 543-4453 to schedule a consultation. [1] Note that unregistered or “common law trademark” holders may be able to assert similar claims, but that their rights are limited to the outcome of dispute resolution (with little basis in codified federal law). [2] 15 U.S.C. §1125(d) under the Lanham Act [3] For more information, see this link. Lyris Ramos October 11, 2017 /by Lyris Ramos https://carbonlg.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/dot-com.jpg 720 720 Lyris Ramos https://carbonlg.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/new-logo.png Lyris Ramos2017-10-11 18:26:362021-12-14 05:06:06Does someone own the “.com” domain containing your trademark? 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__label__cc	0.560365	0.439635	Title 11. Bankruptcy 11 U.S.C. § 365 - U.S. Code - Unannotated Title 11. Bankruptcy § 365. Executory contracts and unexpired leases Search U.S. Code (a) Except as provided in sections 765 and 766 of this title and in subsections (b), (c), and (d) of this section, the trustee, subject to the court's approval, may assume or reject any executory contract or unexpired lease of the debtor. (b)(1) If there has been a default in an executory contract or unexpired lease of the debtor, the trustee may not assume such contract or lease unless, at the time of assumption of such contract or lease, the trustee-- (A) cures, or provides adequate assurance that the trustee will promptly cure, such default other than a default that is a breach of a provision relating to the satisfaction of any provision (other than a penalty rate or penalty provision) relating to a default arising from any failure to perform nonmonetary obligations under an unexpired lease of real property, if it is impossible for the trustee to cure such default by performing nonmonetary acts at and after the time of assumption, except that if such default arises from a failure to operate in accordance with a nonresidential real property lease, then such default shall be cured by performance at and after the time of assumption in accordance with such lease, and pecuniary losses resulting from such default shall be compensated in accordance with the provisions of this paragraph; (B) compensates, or provides adequate assurance that the trustee will promptly compensate, a party other than the debtor to such contract or lease, for any actual pecuniary loss to such party resulting from such default; and (C) provides adequate assurance of future performance under such contract or lease. (2) Paragraph (1) of this subsection does not apply to a default that is a breach of a provision relating to-- (A) the insolvency or financial condition of the debtor at any time before the closing of the case; (B) the commencement of a case under this title; (C) the appointment of or taking possession by a trustee in a case under this title or a custodian before such commencement; or (D) the satisfaction of any penalty rate or penalty provision relating to a default arising from any failure by the debtor to perform nonmonetary obligations under the executory contract or unexpired lease. (3) For the purposes of paragraph (1) of this subsection and paragraph (2)(B) of subsection (f), adequate assurance of future performance of a lease of real property in a shopping center includes adequate assurance-- (A) of the source of rent and other consideration due under such lease, and in the case of an assignment, that the financial condition and operating performance of the proposed assignee and its guarantors, if any, shall be similar to the financial condition and operating performance of the debtor and its guarantors, if any, as of the time the debtor became the lessee under the lease; (B) that any percentage rent due under such lease will not decline substantially; (C) that assumption or assignment of such lease is subject to all the provisions thereof, including (but not limited to) provisions such as a radius, location, use, or exclusivity provision, and will not breach any such provision contained in any other lease, financing agreement, or master agreement relating to such shopping center; and (D) that assumption or assignment of such lease will not disrupt any tenant mix or balance in such shopping center. (4) Notwithstanding any other provision of this section, if there has been a default in an unexpired lease of the debtor, other than a default of a kind specified in paragraph (2) of this subsection, the trustee may not require a lessor to provide services or supplies incidental to such lease before assumption of such lease unless the lessor is compensated under the terms of such lease for any services and supplies provided under such lease before assumption of such lease. (c) The trustee may not assume or assign any executory contract or unexpired lease of the debtor, whether or not such contract or lease prohibits or restricts assignment of rights or delegation of duties, if-- (1)(A) applicable law excuses a party, other than the debtor, to such contract or lease from accepting performance from or rendering performance to an entity other than the debtor or the debtor in possession, whether or not such contract or lease prohibits or restricts assignment of rights or delegation of duties; and (B) such party does not consent to such assumption or assignment; or (2) such contract is a contract to make a loan, or extend other debt financing or financial accommodations, to or for the benefit of the debtor, or to issue a security of the debtor; or (3) such lease is of nonresidential real property and has been terminated under applicable nonbankruptcy law prior to the order for relief. (d)(1) In a case under chapter 7 of this title, if the trustee does not assume or reject an executory contract or unexpired lease of residential real property or of personal property of the debtor within 60 days after the order for relief, or within such additional time as the court, for cause, within such 60-day period, fixes, then such contract or lease is deemed rejected. (2) In a case under chapter 9, 11, 12, or 13 of this title, the trustee may assume or reject an executory contract or unexpired lease of residential real property or of personal property of the debtor at any time before the confirmation of a plan but the court, on the request of any party to such contract or lease, may order the trustee to determine within a specified period of time whether to assume or reject such contract or lease. (3) The trustee shall timely perform all the obligations of the debtor, except those specified in section 365(b)(2) , arising from and after the order for relief under any unexpired lease of nonresidential real property, until such lease is assumed or rejected, notwithstanding section 503(b)(1) of this title. The court may extend, for cause, the time for performance of any such obligation that arises within 60 days after the date of the order for relief, but the time for performance shall not be extended beyond such 60-day period. This subsection shall not be deemed to affect the trustee's obligations under the provisions of subsection (b) or (f) of this section. Acceptance of any such performance does not constitute waiver or relinquishment of the lessor's rights under such lease or under this title. (4)(A) Subject to subparagraph (B), an unexpired lease of nonresidential real property under which the debtor is the lessee shall be deemed rejected, and the trustee shall immediately surrender that nonresidential real property to the lessor, if the trustee does not assume or reject the unexpired lease by the earlier of-- (i) the date that is 120 days after the date of the order for relief; or (ii) the date of the entry of an order confirming a plan. (B)(i) The court may extend the period determined under subparagraph (A), prior to the expiration of the 120-day period, for 90 days on the motion of the trustee or lessor for cause. (ii) If the court grants an extension under clause (i), the court may grant a subsequent extension only upon prior written consent of the lessor in each instance. (5) The trustee shall timely perform all of the obligations of the debtor, except those specified in section 365(b)(2) , first arising from or after 60 days after the order for relief in a case under chapter 11 of this title under an unexpired lease of personal property (other than personal property leased to an individual primarily for personal, family, or household purposes), until such lease is assumed or rejected notwithstanding section 503(b)(1) of this title, unless the court, after notice and a hearing and based on the equities of the case, orders otherwise with respect to the obligations or timely performance thereof. This subsection shall not be deemed to affect the trustee's obligations under the provisions of subsection (b) or (f). Acceptance of any such performance does not constitute waiver or relinquishment of the lessor's rights under such lease or under this title. (e)(1) Notwithstanding a provision in an executory contract or unexpired lease, or in applicable law, an executory contract or unexpired lease of the debtor may not be terminated or modified, and any right or obligation under such contract or lease may not be terminated or modified, at any time after the commencement of the case solely because of a provision in such contract or lease that is conditioned on-- (B) the commencement of a case under this title; or (C) the appointment of or taking possession by a trustee in a case under this title or a custodian before such commencement. (2) Paragraph (1) of this subsection does not apply to an executory contract or unexpired lease of the debtor, whether or not such contract or lease prohibits or restricts assignment of rights or delegation of duties, if-- (A)(i) applicable law excuses a party, other than the debtor, to such contract or lease from accepting performance from or rendering performance to the trustee or to an assignee of such contract or lease, whether or not such contract or lease prohibits or restricts assignment of rights or delegation of duties; and (ii) such party does not consent to such assumption or assignment; or (B) such contract is a contract to make a loan, or extend other debt financing or financial accommodations, to or for the benefit of the debtor, or to issue a security of the debtor. (f)(1) Except as provided in subsections (b) and (c) of this section, notwithstanding a provision in an executory contract or unexpired lease of the debtor, or in applicable law, that prohibits, restricts, or conditions the assignment of such contract or lease, the trustee may assign such contract or lease under paragraph (2) of this subsection. (2) The trustee may assign an executory contract or unexpired lease of the debtor only if-- (A) the trustee assumes such contract or lease in accordance with the provisions of this section; and (B) adequate assurance of future performance by the assignee of such contract or lease is provided, whether or not there has been a default in such contract or lease. (3) Notwithstanding a provision in an executory contract or unexpired lease of the debtor, or in applicable law that terminates or modifies, or permits a party other than the debtor to terminate or modify, such contract or lease or a right or obligation under such contract or lease on account of an assignment of such contract or lease, such contract, lease, right, or obligation may not be terminated or modified under such provision because of the assumption or assignment of such contract or lease by the trustee. (g) Except as provided in subsections (h)(2) and (i)(2) of this section, the rejection of an executory contract or unexpired lease of the debtor constitutes a breach of such contract or lease-- (1) if such contract or lease has not been assumed under this section or under a plan confirmed under chapter 9, 11, 12, or 13 of this title, immediately before the date of the filing of the petition; or (2) if such contract or lease has been assumed under this section or under a plan confirmed under chapter 9, 11, 12, or 13 of this title-- (A) if before such rejection the case has not been converted under section 1112 , 1208 , or 1307 of this title, at the time of such rejection; or (B) if before such rejection the case has been converted under section 1112 , 1208 , or 1307 of this title-- (i) immediately before the date of such conversion, if such contract or lease was assumed before such conversion; or (ii) at the time of such rejection, if such contract or lease was assumed after such conversion. (h)(1)(A) If the trustee rejects an unexpired lease of real property under which the debtor is the lessor and-- (i) if the rejection by the trustee amounts to such a breach as would entitle the lessee to treat such lease as terminated by virtue of its terms, applicable nonbankruptcy law, or any agreement made by the lessee, then the lessee under such lease may treat such lease as terminated by the rejection; or (ii) if the term of such lease has commenced, the lessee may retain its rights under such lease (including rights such as those relating to the amount and timing of payment of rent and other amounts payable by the lessee and any right of use, possession, quiet enjoyment, subletting, assignment, or hypothecation) that are in or appurtenant to the real property for the balance of the term of such lease and for any renewal or extension of such rights to the extent that such rights are enforceable under applicable nonbankruptcy law. (B) If the lessee retains its rights under subparagraph (A)(ii), the lessee may offset against the rent reserved under such lease for the balance of the term after the date of the rejection of such lease and for the term of any renewal or extension of such lease, the value of any damage caused by the nonperformance after the date of such rejection, of any obligation of the debtor under such lease, but the lessee shall not have any other right against the estate or the debtor on account of any damage occurring after such date caused by such nonperformance. (C) The rejection of a lease of real property in a shopping center with respect to which the lessee elects to retain its rights under subparagraph (A)(ii) does not affect the enforceability under applicable nonbankruptcy law of any provision in the lease pertaining to radius, location, use, exclusivity, or tenant mix or balance. (D) In this paragraph, “lessee” includes any successor, assign, or mortgagee permitted under the terms of such lease. (2)(A) If the trustee rejects a timeshare interest under a timeshare plan under which the debtor is the timeshare interest seller and-- (i) if the rejection amounts to such a breach as would entitle the timeshare interest purchaser to treat the timeshare plan as terminated under its terms, applicable nonbankruptcy law, or any agreement made by timeshare interest purchaser, the timeshare interest purchaser under the timeshare plan may treat the timeshare plan as terminated by such rejection; or (ii) if the term of such timeshare interest has commenced, then the timeshare interest purchaser may retain its rights in such timeshare interest for the balance of such term and for any term of renewal or extension of such timeshare interest to the extent that such rights are enforceable under applicable nonbankruptcy law. (B) If the timeshare interest purchaser retains its rights under subparagraph (A), such timeshare interest purchaser may offset against the moneys due for such timeshare interest for the balance of the term after the date of the rejection of such timeshare interest, and the term of any renewal or extension of such timeshare interest, the value of any damage caused by the nonperformance after the date of such rejection, of any obligation of the debtor under such timeshare plan, but the timeshare interest purchaser shall not have any right against the estate or the debtor on account of any damage occurring after such date caused by such nonperformance. (i)(1) If the trustee rejects an executory contract of the debtor for the sale of real property or for the sale of a timeshare interest under a timeshare plan, under which the purchaser is in possession, such purchaser may treat such contract as terminated, or, in the alternative, may remain in possession of such real property or timeshare interest. (2) If such purchaser remains in possession-- (A) such purchaser shall continue to make all payments due under such contract, but may, 1 offset against such payments any damages occurring after the date of the rejection of such contract caused by the nonperformance of any obligation of the debtor after such date, but such purchaser does not have any rights against the estate on account of any damages arising after such date from such rejection, other than such offset; and (B) the trustee shall deliver title to such purchaser in accordance with the provisions of such contract, but is relieved of all other obligations to perform under such contract. (j) A purchaser that treats an executory contract as terminated under subsection (i) of this section, or a party whose executory contract to purchase real property from the debtor is rejected and under which such party is not in possession, has a lien on the interest of the debtor in such property for the recovery of any portion of the purchase price that such purchaser or party has paid. (k) Assignment by the trustee to an entity of a contract or lease assumed under this section relieves the trustee and the estate from any liability for any breach of such contract or lease occurring after such assignment. (l) If an unexpired lease under which the debtor is the lessee is assigned pursuant to this section, the lessor of the property may require a deposit or other security for the performance of the debtor's obligations under the lease substantially the same as would have been required by the landlord upon the initial leasing to a similar tenant. (m) For purposes of this section 365 and sections 541(b)(2) and 362(b)(10) , leases of real property shall include any rental agreement to use real property. (n)(1) If the trustee rejects an executory contract under which the debtor is a licensor of a right to intellectual property, the licensee under such contract may elect-- (A) to treat such contract as terminated by such rejection if such rejection by the trustee amounts to such a breach as would entitle the licensee to treat such contract as terminated by virtue of its own terms, applicable nonbankruptcy law, or an agreement made by the licensee with another entity; or (B) to retain its rights (including a right to enforce any exclusivity provision of such contract, but excluding any other right under applicable nonbankruptcy law to specific performance of such contract) under such contract and under any agreement supplementary to such contract, to such intellectual property (including any embodiment of such intellectual property to the extent protected by applicable nonbankruptcy law), as such rights existed immediately before the case commenced, for-- (i) the duration of such contract; and (ii) any period for which such contract may be extended by the licensee as of right under applicable nonbankruptcy law. (2) If the licensee elects to retain its rights, as described in paragraph (1)(B) of this subsection, under such contract-- (A) the trustee shall allow the licensee to exercise such rights; (B) the licensee shall make all royalty payments due under such contract for the duration of such contract and for any period described in paragraph (1)(B) of this subsection for which the licensee extends such contract; and (C) the licensee shall be deemed to waive-- (i) any right of setoff it may have with respect to such contract under this title or applicable nonbankruptcy law; and (ii) any claim allowable under section 503(b) of this title arising from the performance of such contract. (3) If the licensee elects to retain its rights, as described in paragraph (1)(B) of this subsection, then on the written request of the licensee the trustee shall-- (A) to the extent provided in such contract, or any agreement supplementary to such contract, provide to the licensee any intellectual property (including such embodiment) held by the trustee; and (B) not interfere with the rights of the licensee as provided in such contract, or any agreement supplementary to such contract, to such intellectual property (including such embodiment) including any right to obtain such intellectual property (or such embodiment) from another entity. (4) Unless and until the trustee rejects such contract, on the written request of the licensee the trustee shall-- (A) to the extent provided in such contract or any agreement supplementary to such contract-- (i) perform such contract; or (ii) provide to the licensee such intellectual property (including any embodiment of such intellectual property to the extent protected by applicable nonbankruptcy law) held by the trustee; and (B) not interfere with the rights of the licensee as provided in such contract, or any agreement supplementary to such contract, to such intellectual property (including such embodiment), including any right to obtain such intellectual property (or such embodiment) from another entity. (o) In a case under chapter 11 of this title, the trustee shall be deemed to have assumed (consistent with the debtor's other obligations under section 507 ), and shall immediately cure any deficit under, any commitment by the debtor to a Federal depository institutions regulatory agency (or predecessor to such agency) to maintain the capital of an insured depository institution, and any claim for a subsequent breach of the obligations thereunder shall be entitled to priority under section 507 . This subsection shall not extend any commitment that would otherwise be terminated by any act of such an agency. (p)(1) If a lease of personal property is rejected or not timely assumed by the trustee under subsection (d), the leased property is no longer property of the estate and the stay under section 362(a) is automatically terminated. (2)(A) If the debtor in a case under chapter 7 is an individual, the debtor may notify the creditor in writing that the debtor desires to assume the lease. Upon being so notified, the creditor may, at its option, notify the debtor that it is willing to have the lease assumed by the debtor and may condition such assumption on cure of any outstanding default on terms set by the contract. (B) If, not later than 30 days after notice is provided under subparagraph (A), the debtor notifies the lessor in writing that the lease is assumed, the liability under the lease will be assumed by the debtor and not by the estate. (C) The stay under section 362 and the injunction under section 524(a) (2) shall not be violated by notification of the debtor and negotiation of cure under this subsection. (3) In a case under chapter 11 in which the debtor is an individual and in a case under chapter 13, if the debtor is the lessee with respect to personal property and the lease is not assumed in the plan confirmed by the court, the lease is deemed rejected as of the conclusion of the hearing on confirmation. If the lease is rejected, the stay under section 362 and any stay under section 1301 is automatically terminated with respect to the property subject to the lease. 1 So in original. The comma probably should not appear. Read this complete 11 U.S.C. § 365 - U.S. Code - Unannotated Title 11. Bankruptcy § 365. Executory contracts and unexpired leases on Westlaw SCOTUS May Be Setting Up Another Win for Religious Schools	cc/2022-05/en_head_0000.json.gz/line332
__label__wiki	0.683343	0.683343	Superman Headlines Pictures Videos Wallpaper MAN OF STEEL: Amy Adams Says She Didn't Want Her Lois Lane To Be A "Pest" In the new issue of Total Film, Amy Adams discusses her portrayal of Lois Lane in Zack Snyder's Man Of Steel. She talks about the other times she read for the role, as well as the relationship between her and Supes, and what she hopes to bring to yet another incarnation of the character. RorMachine \| 3/15/2013 Filed Under: "Superman" Source: Transcribed from Total Film Adams has been a little cagey about revealing too much about her take on the most famous female reporter in comics in the past - as the entire cast of Man Of Steel have - but in an interview with Total Film she opens up..a little! When quizzed about Lois' relationship with Superman in this movie Adams hints at a bit of conflict early on. "I'd say that they're at odds and then they're...friends you know!" You probably already know that Adams actually read for the role previously, but did you know she read for it twice? "When J.J. Abrams and Brett Ratner were planning a version, I actually did a screen test with Matt Bomer," says the actress. "And then when Superman Returns came round I read again. So this is my third go at it." Sounds like she really wanted to play this character then. But will she bring anything new to yet another incarnation of Lois Lane? "I wanted her to be a woman other women could relate to. And not be sort of a pest. Lois can be kind of omnipresent, turning up at very inconvenient times - which she does! - But you understand her reasons." Adams also briefly discusses her action scenes for the film. She says she didn't have that much to do, but most of her green screen/stunt work was for scenes with "another actor". I'm guessing that's Michael Shannon's Zod, but who knows! Be sure to pick up the latest issue of Total Film for much more on Man Of Steel. THE KING'S MAN Director Matthew Vaughn Still Wants To Make A "Proper" SUPERMAN Movie With Henry Cavill Before Zack Snyder signed on to helm Man of Steel, Matthew Vaughn was Warner Bros.' top choice for the project, and The King's Man director is still interested in making a "colorful, fun" Superman movie. THE WITCHER And MAN OF STEEL Star Henry Cavill Says He's Open To Donning Superman's Red Trunks Henry Cavill has made no secret of his desire to reprise the role of Superman in the DC Extended Universe, but if it happens, could he be rocking a comic accurate costume? The actor is open to it... MAN OF STEEL Star Henry Cavill Says He's Just "Waiting For The Phone Call" To Return As Superman We still don't know if we'll ever see Henry Cavill back in the iconic red and blue suit, but the Man of Steel actor has reiterated that he is more than willing to reprise the role of Superman in the DCEU. Henry Cavill Hoped To Play A Truly Heroic Superman After JUSTICE LEAGUE's Villainous Take On The Man Of Steel Henry Cavill reflects on his journey as Superman, revealing where he hoped to take the Man of Steel following the character's turn to the dark side in Zack Snyder's Justice League. Read on for details... John Krasinski Confirms He's Playing Superman In DC LEAGUE OF SUPER-PETS; Shares New Image Earlier this year, John Krasinski joined the cast of DC League of Super-Pets in a mystery role. Now, the actor has confirmed on Twitter that he's playing the Man of Steel himself, Superman.	cc/2022-05/en_head_0000.json.gz/line333
__label__wiki	0.843432	0.843432	Tag Archives: Irish border Northern Ireland: politics on the move, destination uncertain Posted on January 29, 2020 by The Constitution Unit Three years on from the collapse of the Northern Ireland Executive m prompted by the RHI scandal, a power sharing government has returned to Stormont on the back of a deal that promises a ‘new approach’. Alan Whysall analyses the new deal, how it might work in practice and what pitfalls might await the new ministerial team. We have devolved government in Northern Ireland once more, with a new political deal, New Decade, New Approach. This is a cause for real hope, responding to the public mood, and the politics dictate it must operate for the moment. Many of the underpinnings are, however, fragile. Government and politics need to operate differently if they are to succeed in the longer term. The last thousand days Government in Northern Ireland has been in abeyance for three years. In early 2017, one of the two main parties, Sinn Féin, withdrew over the involvement of the other, the DUP, in a mismanaged sustainable energy scheme, the Renewable Heat Incentive. Beneath the surface were other tensions, notably around respect for Irish identity – crystallised latterly in demands from Sinn Féin and others for an Irish Language Act. Division between the parties was sharpened by Brexit, which the DUP favoured but others did not; and later by its Westminster alliance with the May government. While devolution operated, parties in government had moderated their language. Once it collapsed, rhetoric, and feeling in parts of the community, became hardened and polarised, reminiscent of the atmosphere before the Good Friday Agreement. The British government, under uninspiring Secretaries of State and writhing in its Brexit agonies, incurred universal mistrust. Relations between London and Dublin became tense. The prospect of Irish unity through a border poll – which the Agreement makes in principle a matter for simple majorities in both parts of Ireland – featured increasingly in Sinn Féin’s approach, and appeared from opinion polling to be growing closer. Paramilitaries on both sides saw opportunities in the political vacuum; last spring dissident Republicans, seeking to kill police officers, murdered a journalist, Lyra McKee. There was at first remarkable equanimity over the extraordinary situation of Northern Ireland being left without government, beyond civil servants minding the shop. The British government hesitated to impose direct rule, as in the past; its dependence on the DUP would have made such a step destabilising. A report late last year by the new Northern Ireland think tank Pivotal shows how seriously Northern Ireland has suffered from inattention to its grave economic and social problems, under devolution and since. Continue reading → Posted in Devolution \| Tagged 2019 European parliament elections, 2019 general election, Alan Whysall, Alliance party, Arlene Foster, boris johnson, Brexit, civil servants, Conservative-DUP agreement, DUP, Fiannna Fail, Fine Gael, Good Friday Agreement, Ireland, Irish border, Julian Smith, Karen Bradley, Michelle O'Neill, ministers, nationalists, Nigel Dodds, Northern Ireland, Northern Ireland Assembly, Northern Ireland Executive, Pivotal, power-sharing, RHI inquiry, RHI scandal, SDLP, secretary of state for Northern Ireland, Sinn Féin, unionists, united Ireland, withdrawal agreement \| 2 Comments ‘Taking the border out of politics’ – the Northern Ireland referendum of March 1973 Posted on November 21, 2019 by The Constitution Unit In 1973, the UK government organised the country’s first referendum, on the subject of whether or not Northern Ireland should remain part of the UK. Now, as Brexit and its potential consequences make another border poll look like an increasing possibility, David Torrance looks back on the poll, its background, and its later constitutional significance. The first constitutional referendum in the history of the United Kingdom took place on 8 March 1973. It was held nearly four years after the beginning of ‘The Troubles’ – a sharp deterioration in the security and political situation in Northern Ireland. What became known as the ‘border poll’ (although it was also called a ‘referendum’ or ‘plebiscite’, no one could quite agree on terminology) emerged as a means by which to ‘take the border out of politics’, or so it was hoped. In discussions with the Government of Northern Ireland (NIG) on 22 March 1972, the UK government proposed transferring responsibility for law and order from Belfast to London, phasing out internment, and periodic plebiscites. The last two were, in principle, acceptable to the NIG, but an erosion of its ‘transferred’ powers under the Government of Ireland Act 1920 was not. The Prime Minister of Northern Ireland (Brian Faulkner) and his Cabinet later resigned, and on 30 March the Parliament of Northern Ireland – known as ‘Stormont’ – was prorogued and Direct Rule from Westminster introduced for the first time since 1921. The referendum announcement Speaking in the Commons on 24 March 1972, Prime Minister Edward Heath said: ‘We… propose in due course to invite Parliament to provide for a system of regular plebiscites in Northern Ireland about the Border, the first to be held as soon as practicable in the near future and others at intervals of a substantial period of years thereafter.’ In effect, Heath was proposing to transfer the principle of ‘consent’ from the prorogued Parliament of Northern Ireland (enshrined in the Ireland Act 1949) to its people, ‘the Border’ representing a proxy for a much broader constitutional question. Continue reading → Posted in Devolution, Elections and referendums \| Tagged 1973 Irish border poll, Alliance party, Brian Faulkner, David Howell, David Owen, David Torrance, devolution, direct rule, DUP, Edward Heath, Gerry Fitt, Government of Ireland Act 1920, Harold Wilson, Ian Paisley, Ireland Act 1949, Irish border, Irish border poll, John Biggs-Davison, Kevin McNamara, Merlyn Rees, Northern Ireland, Northern Ireland (Border Poll) Act 1972, Northern Ireland Assembly, Northern Ireland Office, SDLP, secretary of state for Northern Ireland, Sinn Féin, Stormont, Ulster Unionist Party, united Ireland, Willie Whitelaw, Working Group on Unification Referendums on the Island of Ireland \| 1 Comment Deal or no deal, the UK government needs a new strategy for the Union Almost seven months after the EU and UK agreed to extend the Article 50 process, a new Brexit deal has been agreed. Akash Paun argues that whether the new deal passes parliament or not, the Brexit process so far has demonstrated that the UK government needs to change its strategy for maintaining the cohesion of the Union. In his first public statement as prime minister, Boris Johnson made two constitutional pledges that stand in tension with one another. On the one hand, he promised to strengthen the UK, which he described as ‘the awesome foursome that are incarnated in that red, white and blue flag, who together are so much more than the sum of their parts.’ But in the same speech, he reiterated his determination to take the UK out of the EU by 31 October ‘no ifs, no buts’ and, if necessary, no deal. Brexit has already strained relations between the UK and devolved governments. A no deal departure would make matters even worse, and would run directly counter to the PM’s ambitions to strengthen the Union. The Scottish and Welsh governments strongly oppose leaving the EU without a deal. In a joint letter to the prime minister in July, the Scottish and Welsh first ministers argued that ‘it would be unconscionable for a UK government to contemplate a chaotic no deal exit and we urge you to reject this possibility clearly and unambiguously as soon as possible.’ The Scottish Parliament and Welsh Assembly have also explicitly voted against no deal. Continue reading → Posted in Brexit, Devolution, Europe \| Tagged Akash Paun, border poll, boris johnson, Brexit, Cabinet Office, Democratic Unionist Party, devolution, devolution capability plans, DUP, EU Withdrawal Act, IGR, Institute for Government, intergovernmental relations, Irish border, Lord Dunlop, Mark Drakeford, nationalists, Nicola Sturgeon, no deal, no deal Brexit, No Deal Brexit and the Union, Northern Ireland, Plaid Cymru, Scotland, Scottish First minister, Scottish government, Scottish independence referendum, Scottish National Party, scottish parliament, Second Scottish independence referendum, sewel convention, Sinn Féin, SNP, Theresa May, Union, unionists, united Ireland, Wales, Welsh Assembly, Welsh first minister, Welsh government Northern Ireland and a border poll: hard truths The Brexit issue continues to fuel speculation about the prospects of Irish unity following a border poll. Here Alan Whysall, Senior Honorary Research Associate at the Constitution Unit, author of the Unit’s paper on the subject published in March, and a member of the working group bringing in colleagues from Belfast and Dublin that will look further at the implications of a poll, warns that there are serious dangers looming here for both parts of Ireland – as well as the British government and the wider UK. The potential breakup of the UK is now spoken about more often than it has perhaps been since the 1920s, fed by the heated politics of Brexit and by evolutions in opinion revealed in polling in Northern Ireland (and Scotland). Some polling in England suggests a willingness to contemplate this, especially if it is the price of Brexit. The subject is sometimes raised rather matter-of-factly in discussion in Great Britain, on an apparent assumption that quick and clean breaks are possible. In the case of Ireland, at least, this is not so. There are a number of hard realities meaning that any process of Irish unity is likely to be drawn out, and at all stages capable of tipping over into heightened tensions, instability and conflict. And hence a serious preoccupation for the UK, as well as for Ireland. The situation requires handling with extreme care and sensitivity, and not least from London. But its conduct in the last few weeks has all tended to exacerbate the situation. This blog sets out some of the realities and pitfalls – and why the latter are at present becoming more likely and more serious. Northern Ireland has a right to leave the UK on the basis of the majority vote Northern Ireland differs from other parts of the UK in that there is a principle already established in political agreements and in international law that it should leave the UK and become part of a United Ireland in certain circumstances – if a majority of its inhabitants voting in a poll, and the majority also in the rest of Ireland, is in favour. This is a cornerstone of the Good Friday Agreement, and embodied also the parallel Treaty between the UK and Ireland. And there is a mechanism to bring the principle to life: the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland, with parliamentary approval, must call a referendum (usually called in Northern Ireland a ‘border poll’) at any time it seems likely that a majority would favour Irish unity. Posted in Brexit, Devolution, Elections and referendums, Europe \| Tagged Alan Whysall, backstop, Belfast Agreement, border poll, Brexit, Democratic Unionist Party, DUP, Gerry Adams, Good Friday Agreement, hard border, Hard Brexit, Ireland, Irish backstop, Irish border, Northern Ireland, Northern Ireland Act 1998, Northern Ireland Executive, Seamas Mallon, secretary of state for Northern Ireland, unionists, united Ireland, Working Group on Unification Referendums on the Island of Ireland Why Northern Ireland can’t afford a ‘do or die’ Brexit Boris Johnson is demanding that the Withdrawal Agreement is scrapped and renegotiated, and is insisting that he won’t meet EU leaders until they agree to this. The major source of contention is the backstop, which guarantees an open border on the island of Ireland post-Brexit, but ties the UK to the EU’s Customs Union. In a new Brexit Insights paper, Nicholas Wright assesses the politics of the backstop and ‘no deal’, and what all this means for Northern Ireland. During his leadership campaign, Prime Minister Boris Johnson engaged in an increasingly shrill rhetorical arms race with his rival, Jeremy Hunt, over who will be toughest with the EU in delivering Brexit. In particular, his ire was focused on the hated ‘Irish backstop’ which has come to symbolise all that Brexiters loathe about the Withdrawal Agreement. Indeed, Mr Johnson has promised to remove this element of the deal, declaring that if the EU will not renegotiate, then the UK will leave on 31 October, ‘deal or no deal’, suggesting that the costs of exiting in such circumstances will be ‘vanishingly inexpensive if you prepare’. Such claims fly in the face of reality and nowhere can this be seen more clearly than in Northern Ireland. Indeed, it is here that the consequences of Brexit and the trade-offs implicit in its delivery are most starkly revealed. Since the beginning of the Brexit process, the UK government has been trying to reconcile the ‘Irish Trilemma’: UK departure from the EU’s single market and customs union; an open border between Northern Ireland and the Republic; and no new trade or regulatory barriers between Northern Ireland and the rest of the UK. You can have any two, but a combination of all three is impossible. This matters because the 1998 Good Friday Agreement and all that has resulted from it were predicated on the open and invisible border and shared regulatory space that come with EU membership. These have underpinned efforts in Northern Ireland to chart a new pathway, not least by reducing the prominence and difficulty of complex questions around identity. Doing so has not been easy, something demonstrated by the collapse of power-sharing and suspension of the Assembly in Stormont. The prospect of changes to border arrangements – and particularly anything necessitating the re-establishment of any border infrastructure – therefore risks further undermining a fragile equilibrium that reflects Northern Ireland’s ‘relative peace but minimum reconciliation’. Continue reading → Posted in Brexit, Devolution, Europe \| Tagged Belfast Agreement, boris johnson, Brexit, Brexit Insights, Brexit negotiations, Conservative-DUP agreement, Democratic Unionist Party, Department for Exiting the European Union, devolution, DEXEU, DUP, EU customs union, EU single market, Good Friday Agreement, Irish backstop, Irish border, Irish Trilemma, Jeremy Hunt, Nicholas Wright, Nick Wright, no deal, no deal Brexit, Northern Ireland, Northern Ireland Assembly, withdrawal agreement	cc/2022-05/en_head_0000.json.gz/line338
__label__wiki	0.646964	0.646964	500 construction jobs announced The redevelopment of the Clyde Court Hotel in Ballsbridge will result in the creation of 500 construction jobs. The announcement was made today that Chartered Land will start work on the site in early 2016 to replace the hotel with an exclusive residential scheme of 190 apartments in a pavilion-style development on Lansdowne Road. Chartered Land will work according to the existing planning permission granted for the site in Dublin’s most sought after residential address. The trees on the site, which date back to its use as the Trinity College Botanic Gardens, will be retained. The 190 apartments are expected to come to market in 2017. Dalata Hotel Group has extended its lease on the neighbouring Ballsbridge Hotel to at least April 2018. The Ballsbridge Hotel will continue to operate until at least the middle of 2018 when a future development phase will include additional apartments, a new hotel with a panoramic rooftop restaurant, a boutique retail offering and restaurant uses fronting a new public plaza. Andrew Gunne, CEO of Chartered Land said: “This site is unique in the context of its history, location and the quality of the scheme that will be delivered here”. Dalata’s lease on the Clyde Court Hotel will be surrendered in line with the terms of the lease agreement and the hotel will cease to operate from 1st January, 2016. Our image shows artist’s impression of new apartments at the site of the Clyde Court Hotel, Ballsbridge, Dublin.	cc/2022-05/en_head_0000.json.gz/line339
__label__cc	0.550531	0.449469	Denmark sets a Record for Wind Power Wind power is becoming increasingly prominent in several northern European countries. Photo Credit: Wikimedia Commons As wind power is coming into its own across Europe, ever newer records are being set on the continent. The latest record involving wind power comes from Denmark: Wind power accounted for a record high of 43.4% of the Scandinavian nation’s total electricity consumption last year. Denmark, a northern European nation with lots of blowsy weather, has come to rely ever more on wind power. In 2015 the country set a then record of 42% and it is now setting its sight on having half of all its electricity needs met with wind power by the year 2020. Denmark’s reliance on wind power has been on the way up. Photo Credit: Danish Ministry of Energy, Utilities and Climate “With the wind power production record, Denmark places a green flag on the world map. We once again show the whole world that Denmark has the world’s best energy system,” said Lars Christian Lilleholt, the Nordic nation’s Minister of Energy, Utilities and Climate. “We have managed to accommodate large amounts of wind power and other green sources of energy, while maintaining high security of supply.” Wind power has been on the way up across Western Europe, especially its windier northern parts. In the Netherlands, for instance, all of the national railway company’s electric trains now run on renewable power generated by winds. In Scotland, another northern European country known for fierce gales and blasts of wind throughout much of the year, wind turbines dotted around the countryside feed plenty of electricity into the nation’s grid. With the leaps and bounds of improvement in technology, wind power is bound to become ever more cost-effective in coming years and thus even more prominent in Europe’s electricity generation schemes. A company in Denmark has recently unveiled a giant wind turbine that can generate 216,000kWh (kilowatt hours) in a single day. “Our prototype at Østerild sets yet another record for power production, producing 216,000 kWh over a 24 hour period,” the Danish company noted. “We are confident that the 9 MW machine has now proven that it is ready for the market and we believe that our wind turbine will play an integral part in enabling the offshore industry to continue to drive down the cost of energy.” The winds of change in Europe’s energy business are blowing. Literally. Tags: renewables, wind power	cc/2022-05/en_head_0000.json.gz/line342
__label__cc	0.636838	0.363162	Suzannah Lipscomb By September 4th, 2017Speakers Dr Suzannah Lipscomb is Senior Lecturer in Early Modern History at the New College of the Humanities, and a Fellow of the Royal Historical Society. She received her DPhil from Balliol College, Oxford; writes a column for History Today; and has presented historical documentaries on the BBC, ITV, Channel Five, and National Geographic Channel. Her books include 1536: The Year that Changed Henry VIII, A Visitor’s Companion to Tudor England, and The King is Dead! The Last Will and Testament of Henry VIII. You can purchase or pre-order Suzannah Lipscomb’s book from John Sandoe Books, our partner booksellers at the Literary Festival, here	cc/2022-05/en_head_0000.json.gz/line345
__label__wiki	0.879676	0.879676	Day Three Recap Canada finishes softball round robin with 8-1 victory over Italy The Canadian softball team knew they’d be playing for bronze no matter the outcome of their final round robin game on Sunday, but that didn’t stop them for turning in a dominant 8-1 victory over Italy. After a scoreless first inning, Saskatoon’s Jenny Gilbert hit a solo home run deep to centre field to give Canada the 1-0 lead. A home run for Jennifer Gilbert has Canada in the lead 1-0 Watch 🇨🇦 vs 🇮🇹: https://t.co/68OBpsSQFM pic.twitter.com/3hyx02jViF Both teams scored singles in the third inning to make the score 2-1, where it remained until the fifth inning. The red and white came out strong in the fifth inning, picking up three runs themselves and held the Italians to no runs to take a commanding 5-1 lead. The actions were repeated in the sixth inning, after which the mercy rule was used, giving Canada the 8-1 win. The Canadians ended round robin play with a 3-2 record and third place in the standings. Their only losses came in the form of 1-0 defeats against the United States and Japan —who will face each other for gold. The Canadians also only allowed four runs against in the entire tournament. Canada will take on Mexico —who they previously defeated 4-0 in the round robin — in the bronze medal game on Monday night at 10 p.m. (SK time). The game is scheduled to be streamed on CBC Gem and available to watch on Sportsnet or Sportsnet One. Potential bad weather in Japan may force the game to be rescheduled. Learn more at softball.ca. Canadian women’s basketball team loses opener to Serbia 72-68 After fighting back from an eight-point deficit at halftime to tie the game 45-45 after three quarters, the Canadian women’s basketball team —led by Saskatchewan-based head coach Lisa Thomaidis— narrowly lost their opening Olympic game 72-68 to Serbia. “We want to win every game we play,” head coach Lisa Thomaidis told Basketball Canada after the game. “I thought we had a slow start and got things turned around in the second half, built a lead and then couldn’t put them away. We know they can hit clutch threes and they did that at the right time. We did a lot of really solid things [in the game]. We turned them over 28 times, I was really happy with that, but at the end of the day we’re still disappointed in the loss.” The Serbs outscored the Canadians 16-13 in the first quarter, 20-15 in the second and 27-23 in the fourth, while Canada won the third quarter 17-9. WHAT AN EXCITING GAME! Canada and Serbia tied 45-45 Can Canada push through in the final quarter? Watch the Canada vs. Serbia game nowhttps://t.co/AFbn4TDuTX@CanBball 🏀#Tokyo2020 pic.twitter.com/ROAXkLp6iL Nirra Fields led the red and white with 19 points, followed closely by Kia Nurse with 16. Sonja Vasic led Serbia with 16 points. Next up, Canada will face the Republic of Korea on Wednesday night at 7 p.m. (SK time) and will be streamed on CBC Gem. In this year’s Olympic basketball tournament, the top two teams for each of the three groups advance to the quarter-finals, as well as the two third-place teams across all three groups with the best records. Learn more at basketball.ca. Olympic/Paralympic Notes: Full Day 3 recap visit, Olympic.ca …Canada earned their first gold and bronze medals of the Games as swimmer Maggie Mac Neil won the women’s 100-metre butterfly and Jessica Klimkait became the first Canadian woman to medal in judo at the Olympics with her bronze-medal performance in the 57-kilogram event…all three medals in the women’s skateboarding street event were won by athletes 16 and under, including the gold which was won by 13-year-old Momiji Nishiya of Japan, making her the youngest individual Olympic champion…bad weather in Japan is causing some outdoor events to be rescheduled… Category: Athlete, Coach, OlympicsTags: Basketball, Jenny Gilbert, Lisa Thomaidis, Softball, Tokyo, Tokyo Olympic Recap ← Day Two Recap Day Four Recap →	cc/2022-05/en_head_0000.json.gz/line347
__label__wiki	0.7548	0.7548	Bulls PF Taj Gibson explains ejection vs. Knicks Chicago's sixth man spoke out with his side of the story on Sunday. By Jordan Sargent Dec 10, 2012, 9:10am CST Share All sharing options for: Bulls PF Taj Gibson explains ejection vs. Knicks The Chicago Bulls defeated the New York Knicks over the weekend, but largely without power forward Taj Gibson, who was ejected by referee Derrick Stafford in the second quarter of the game. Gibson received two technicals after arguing a loose ball foul, and he told reporters on Sunday that he was dumbfounded by the decision. "What can you do?" Gibson said. "It's the refs. The refs run this league. Whatever he calls is going to be a call, but I thought I handled it the right way. I just asked him a question and he T'd me up. And I went to sit down, and he T'd me up again. "I called him by his name. I said, ‘Derrick, there was some tough calls in there early.' I just addressed my opinion. I said, ‘You got to watch it. It's real physical.' And he just turned and T'd me up. And I said, ‘Are you serious?' And he T'd me up again." (via ESPN Chicago) Bulls head coach Tom Thibodeau was even more diplomatic saying that after a first technical, players need to "let it go" in order to avoid receiving a second technical and an ejection. Gibson also told reporters that he was relieved to see the team win even as he watched from the locker room. Fortunately for Gibson, he was not punished further by the NBA or team after the ejection and will be on the floor on Tuesday when the Bulls host the Los Angeles Clippers. Gibson has been a disappointment so far this season, averaging just 5.9 points and 4.5 rebounds per game, but is still the backbone of Chicago's second unit.	cc/2022-05/en_head_0000.json.gz/line348
__label__cc	0.639173	0.360827	23rd Annual Coalition Meeting and Statewide Conference 2014 Home » Annual Meeting & Statewide Conference » Annual Meeting 2014 Poplar Hill Mansion Salisbury, Wicomico County, Maryland Coalition members, guests, and speakers met in Salisbury on Saturday, April 26, 2014, for the Annual Maryland Statewide Conference. The venue was Poplar Hill Mansion. Poplar Hill Mansion was the manor house of a farm outside the town of Salisbury, which had slowly expanded from a 1732 landing site at the head of the Wicomico River, more than a half mile away. Major Levin Handy, originally from Newport, RI, began construction of this Federal style house in 1795-6. By 1803, the house still was unfinished, and the property went up for sale. Title passed to Dr. John Huston, who at his death in 1828 owned fruit trees, crops, sheep, cattle, and 18 slaves. His widow Sarah subdivided parts of the farm into town streets, on which were built the area called Newtown. George Waller and his family owned the property from 1882 to 1945. Fred Adkins began restoration, then sold to Mr. and Mrs. Ward Garber, who maintained an antique shop downstairs and lived upstairs. Since 1974 Poplar Hill has been owned by the City of Salisbury. Friends of Poplar Hill Mansion, Inc. operates the house museum, which is listed in the National Register of Historic Places. “Documenting Delmarva Cemeteries and Individual Genealogies” was presented by G. Ray Thompson, Director of Nabb Research Center for Delmarva History and Culture. The mission of the Nabb Research Center at Salisbury University is to cultivate and sustain the advancement of scholarly research through collecting, preserving, disseminating and providing access to records and artifacts that illustrate the rich historical and cultural heritage of the greater Delmarva region. The Nabb Center is a repository for documents, surveys, oral histories, photographs, and other materials related to Delmarva history and culture. See http://nabbhistory.salisbury.edu for information about the collections and visiting hours. CPMBS Officers and Directors for term 2014-2016: President: Eileen McGuckian; Vice President: Edward W. Taylor, Jr.; Treasurer: Gerhardt P. Kraske; Directors: James Lanier, Melvin Mason, Thomas Mason, Paul Miller, Robert Mosko, Candy Warden. Continuing on the Board of Directors, term 2013-2015: Secretary: J. Patrick Warner; Vice President for Legislation: John E. Higgins, Jr.; Directors: Barbara Kraske, Kristin Kraske, David Mills. The Coalition presented three Periwinkle Awards. Benjamin Krider Joint Cemetery in Westminster, Maryland, Apples United Church of Christ Cemetery in Thurmont, Maryland, and Burtonsville Union Cemetery in Burtonsville, Maryland. There was a panel discussion: Cemetery Advocates talked about legal protection, programs, and experiences – Eileen McGuckian, moderator, Tina Simmons, Anne Arundel County, Fred Dorsey, Howard County, and Tom Lawton, Eastern Shore counties In the afternoon the group participated in a “Walk and Talk” in historic Parsons Cemetery. The cemetery is owned and operated by Saint Peter’s Episcopal Church in Salisbury, but is open to all. With a beautiful lakeside setting and 28 acres, Parsons offers a serene resting place. Conservator S. J. Disharoon will guide us through the cemetery and point out unique markers, conservation issues, notable people interred here, and current activities at the cemetery.	cc/2022-05/en_head_0000.json.gz/line359
__label__cc	0.525798	0.474202	Zuckerberg: Facebook Would Leave Libra if It Launched Too Early Facebook could withdraw from the Libra Association — the governing body of the eponymous stablecoin project — should it launch without approval from regulators in the United States. Libra could lose its primary member In a Congressional hearing on Oct. 23, Facebook CEO and founder Mark Zuckerberg reiterated the company’s commitment to not launch its planned cryptocurrency project until it receives the green light from U.S. regulators. Zuckerberg delivered his statements before the House of Representatives Financial Services Committee, where lawmakers grilled him on various aspects of the company’s activities including Libra, data practices and the handling of hate speech on its platform. When asked by Representative Bill Huizenga about Facebook’s response should the Libra Association insist on launching without American regulatory approval, Zuckerberg said, “Then I believe that we would be forced to leave the association.” Throughout today’s hearing, Zuckerberg reiterated that Facebook is based in the U.S. and considers itself an American company. As such, it would seek approval and compliance with U.S. regulators. Zuckerberg is sure that more firms will join the Libra Association Rep. Juan Vargas, in turn, expressed skepticism about Zuckerberg’s statement, claiming that he does not believe the Libra Association could exist without Facebook. He also expressed concerns over the fact that Libra is now formally based in Switzerland, noting that it would relieve a lot of fears if the project was based in the U.S. When Vargas noted that several major firms had already dropped out of the association, Zuckerberg stated that he is convinced that more companies will take interest in the project and join Libra. As previously reported, the Libra Foundation originally counted 28 founding members. Recently, seven high-profile global firms have dropped out of the consortium, including PayPal, Visa, Mastercard, Stripe, eBay, Mercado Pago and Booking Holdings. In Libra’s white paper, Facebook initially projected that the association would expand to around 100 members by the time of Libra’s launch in the first half of 2020. To date, Facebook is the only firm that has financially committed to the Libra project among the 21 founding members, as reported by the BBC. See also Bitcoin Price Sees Steep Drop After Rejection Above $12K Blockchain Lobbying: Interests Fragmenting as Crypto Field Expands 3 Likely Reasons Why Bitcoin Price Crashed — And What’s Next for BTC?	cc/2022-05/en_head_0000.json.gz/line362
__label__wiki	0.714446	0.714446	Daily Archives: July 12th, 2010 Science Fiction and the start of the Great Age By dad2059 on July 12, 2010 \| Leave a comment Greg Taylor of the Daily Grail draws upon a book written by Alexei and Cory Panshin about the influence of science-fiction starting in the year 1870. It has a lot of good points, but I take issue with some of them: For the first two hundred years of the modern era — from the accession to the leadership of Western society by the philosophy of rational materialism in the late Seventeenth Century to the appearance of techno-warfare in the Franco-Prussian War of 1870-71 — there was no such thing as science fiction literature. Through all this time, writers had no conscious awareness of working in a connected and cumulative SF tradition. Such a thing as science fiction was unthinkable, unimaginable. It didn’t exist. How very different the situation is today! In the late Twentieth Century, nobody at all would think to doubt that there is such a thing as science fiction. Paperback racks are filled with books labeled “SF.” There is a great visible science fiction industry: writers, editors, critics, magazines, books, films, fans, clubs, conventions, awards, and much much more. The difference between the situation prior to 1870, when SF could not be said to exist, and the situation we are heir to today, is the general acceptance by the Western world of the plausibility of scientific mystery. This acceptance, this new faith, began to take hold right around 1870. As we have suggested, in order for myth to be an effective indicator of yet-unrealized possibility, there must be some basis for a belief in transcendence. We must think that there could be mysterious higher states of being and awareness, and we must be able to believe that we might plausibly attain those higher states. In ancient myth, spirit provided such a groundwork for belief in plausible mystery. After 1870, science became sufficiently developed as a concept and a practice to serve as a new foundation for belief. But this was not so prior to 1870, which is why we can say that during the first two hundred years of modern Western society, SF literature did not exist. It is only retrospective wisdom that allows us to peer into the past and single out a literary possibility here, a dynamic metaphor there, a subtle argument or an imaginary exploration, and identify these highly separated moments of special creativity as a connected series of advances necessary for the coming into being of SF literature. It is our awareness of the nature of later science fiction — and our appreciation of the invisible working of the transcendent spirit of SF — that allows us to perceive what these varying bits and pieces had in common: All were attempts at the presentation of plausible scientific mystery. But SF literature still did not exist as late as the advent of Verne in the 1860s. He was not working in an active tradition, a contemporary literary form. Rather, he was recognized as a marvel, a writer with his own unique product. It was as though Verne were a last solitary Romantic wizard with a formula all his own — like Captain Nemo, that master of his own special brand of electricity. After 1870, however, in the very moment of Jules Verne’s imaginative retreat, modern Western civilization entered a new phase, the Age of Technology. And immediately, science fiction was born. The new era was the result of a change in the attitude of society toward science. The consequence of the change was that after 1870 it was possible to set out consciously to write science fiction. No longer was SF a feat that a rare Romantic wildman, lit by inspiration while in some unique state of acute mental receptivity, might aim at once in a lifetime. Science fiction became a form that almost anyone could write, and after 1870 there would always be a number of writers at work producing SF. The shift in attitude that made the Age of Technology and SF literature possible might be called the final fruit of the Romantic Period. The change was, in effect, the solution to the major problems that the whole Romantic Period had been attempting to solve. One of these problems was the lack of plausible mystery in the world. Without transcendence, the Romantics felt like orphan children. They mooned after the old spiritual mystery that the Age of Reason had rejected. And they hunted vainly for new mystery everywhere in the hopes of finding it somewhere — and didn’t necessarily recognize it when they had it. Another problem was the science and applied science that the Romantic Period had inherited from the Age of Reason. This rational activity was beginning to alter life, and the Romantics didn’t know how they felt about that. The Romantic Period looked upon monster science with the same ambivalence and apprehension that Victor Frankenstein felt for his creature. It was the change in the practice of science during the Nineteenth Century that we have described that finally made it possible for the Romantics to see that one of their problems was the answer to the other. Through the course of two phases in Western society — the Age of Reason and the Romantic Period — the “practice of science” had meant the careful observation of the material world, the gathering and classification of fact. But in the later years of the Romantic Period, this familiar definition was strained beyond its limits. First to appear were radical new mathematical systems like non-Euclidean geometry and symbolic logic. These systems were self-consistent but, by ordinary standards, irrational. They seemed to apply to something more or something other than the ordinary earthly realm. These new forms of systematic thinking were followed in the 1860s by strange new scientific theories, all of which pointed beyond the known into the unknown. There was Darwin’s theory of evolution. This suggested — from current scientific evidence — that both man and nature had once been something different than they now were. And further, that they might alter again in the future. I don’t know why the Panshins’ speculate that the concept of “science-fiction” couldn’t have existed before 1870 is plausible at all. Jules Verne and certainly Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley didn’t work in a vacuum. They drew upon the technology of the Enlightenment and most certainly Verne, who’s first hand witnessing of a ‘submarine’ while in college absolutely influenced the creation of Captain Nemo and the Nautilus. It is said that for better or worse we can trace the roots of our modern world to the American Civil War/War of Secession/Between the States ending in 1865 while the Franco-Prussian Wars happened in 1871. The number of years may be moot, but the technologies used have direct descendants in our time and most were predicted by Jules Verne, Mary Shelley and H.G. Wells. Other than that, the Panshins have excellent points. The Birth of Science Fiction Posted in: advanced technology, science, science fact, science fiction \| Tagged: advanced technology, science, science fiction, Technological Singularity A 23rd Century Time Traveler in Communist Russia?	cc/2022-05/en_head_0000.json.gz/line364
__label__wiki	0.908971	0.908971	Palestinian Vaccines: Between Israeli Racism and Stalling Authorities Firas Tawil Palestinian Journalist While the Palestinians are waiting for the first vaccines to finally arrive, Israel has already vaccinated a quarter of its population, blatantly ignoring its commitments according to international law Adib Al Saifi (62) cannot wait for the COVID-19 vaccines to arrive to the Palestinian Territories, so he can overcome the nightmare he has been living since the virus first was detected at the beginning of last March. “I am truly living in terror, I go to work every day scared of getting infected,” says Al Saifi, who is a manager at a pharmaceutical factory in Nablus in the north of the West Bank. Because of his job, he is in contact with dozens of employees in various departments. His fear multiplied after losing his older brother due to coronavirus complications. Ever since, he has lived in constant fear. He is surprised by the delay of the vaccines’ arrival. He explains how Israel started the vaccination process on December 20,, 2020, while Palestinians continued to struggle, and the calls demanding the Palestinian Authority to speed up the vaccine’s import continued to increase.While Palestinians are waiting, Israel has already vaccinated a quarter of the Israeli population, ignoring its commitments towards the Palestinians according to international law. This triggered widespread international anger and condemnation. Geneva Convention Saed Hassan (25), who also resides in the West Bank, blames Israel for failing to provide Palestinians with vaccines. He deplores the country giving vaccines to Israelis only. Hassan contracted the virus and suffered from its symptoms for over 10 days, during which he had to be admitted to hospital and stayed at the intensive care. He got the virus from his father, who died from its complications. “I came back to Palestine two years ago and decided to settle here,” he says in a sad voice one hour after his father’s burial in the town of Kafr Thulth near Qalqilya. “I left Canada, the best place one can live in terms of government services and health care. I regret coming back. Good public health care is not available here. Having lost my father, I now want to protect my mother, who suffers from illness. I’ve completely isolated her from the world, as we wait for the vaccine.” All Palestinians can do is wait, especially as Israel did not expand its vaccine program – using Biontech/ Pfizer and Moderna – to include the some 5.2 million Palestinians living in the West Bank and Gaza Strip, thus blatantly ignoring its responsibilities as an occupying power in accordance with international law. Article 56 of the Geneva Convention clearly states: “The occupying power has the duty of ensuring and maintaining, with the cooperation of national and local authorities, the medical and hospital establishments, public health and hygiene in the occupied territory, with particular reference to the adoption and application of prophylactic and preventive measures necessary to combat the spread of contagious diseases and epidemics.” The Israeli Ministry of Health declared that, so far, 2.3 million people received the COVID-19 vaccine. By January 21, 2021, 692,000 of them had also received the second dose. The Israeli organization Physicians for Human Rights (PHR) has demanded to provide vaccines for Palestinians in the occupied West Bank and besieged Gaza Strip: “Palestinians are under Israeli control and occupation, which prevents them from guaranteeing their right to healthcare themselves, as they don’t have a choice to purchase the vaccines without them going through the Israeli authorities.” The PHR doubts the Palestinian Authority itself has the ability to finance the purchase of vaccines and the cost of distribution. “Israel should be responsible for financing the process, as part of its responsibilities towards the Palestinians in the occupied territories,” PHR explained. “Israel is eluding its legal responsibilities towards the Palestinians,” international law expert Hanna Issa agreed. “There is no Palestinian State. The authority only exists on paper through the Oslo Accords, nothing more. Israel is the de facto authority that comes in, arrests, demolishes and kills whenever it pleases.” The number of coronavirus cases in the West Bank and Gaza Strip on January 23, 2021, exceeded 154 000, while the number of deaths reached 169, according to the Palestinian Ministry of Health. Finally, a Vaccine for Palestinian Prisoners Following a series of Palestinian and international human rights demands, the Palestinian Prisoners Club (PPC) declared that 287 prisoners in the Israeli prison Nafha had received the vaccine. The occupation’s prisons management had started vaccinating the prisoners, one month after starting the process of vaccination for Israelis, following racist remarks made by Israel’s minister of Public Security of Amir Ohana who suggested to deprive the prisoners of the vaccine. “The Israeli prisons management informed the Palestinian prisoners that the vaccination will be mandatory and warned that every prisoner who refuses to take the doses will be transferred to solitary confinement,” said Qadri Abu Baker, Chairman of the Detainees and Ex-Detainees Commission.The toll of prisoners infected with the coronavirus since the outbreak of the pandemic exceeds 290 cases, according to data of the PPC, a non-governmental organization deals with Palestinian prisoners affairs. Russia and the WHO The Palestinian Authority is waiting for the arrival of the first batches of vaccines having signed a contract with four companies exporting the vaccine. According to Prime Minister Mohammad Shtayyeh, the vaccine will enter the Palestinian territories in the first week of February through the World Health Organization’s (WHO) COVAX facility, which provides developing countries with 20% of their vaccination needs. According to officials in the Ministry of Health in Ramallah, the vaccination process will begin on a vast scale by the end of March, with the possibility of vaccinating a limited number of the most vulnerable people before that date. Vaccines will arrive from different sides in the form of humanitarian aid. So, 5,000 doses of the Russian Sputnik V vaccine arrived in the Palestinian territories in late January, while 100,000 more doses to vaccinate 50,000 Palestinians should arrive in March. The Palestinian government approved of the emergency use, and Israel allowed it to import the vaccine. The Palestinian ambassador in Russia, Abdel Hafiz Nofal, said that Moscow agreed to send 5,000 doses for free. Adding: “We are in the process of finalizing the deal with the Russian government to buy 100,000 doses.” The price that Russia set for the two doses needed for each person is $18. However, Nofal said the Palestinian Authority, which suffers from a severe financial crisis, is negotiating a reduced price. The Palestinian Ministry of Health clarified that the first to receive the vaccine are medical workers and elderly people with chronic diseases. Minister Mai Al-Kaila, has said on many occasions Palestine’s share that through the WHO’s COVAX facility will be enough for approximately two million people. Official data show that the Palestinian government will buy enough vaccines for 50% of the population in Gaza and the West Bank which amounts to approximately five million people. The first shipment of WHO vaccines will cover 3% of the population. They will be distributed to medical staff, cancer patients and the elderly. The statements made by the Palestinian Ministry of Health are frustrating news for a young man as Refaat Abu Layla (40) who suffers from kidney failure and has to visit the Ramallah governmental hospital three times a week for dialysis. His life has become limited to house and hospital. He cannot do his job as a car mechanic because he is afraid of getting infected with the coronavirus and the complications for someone like him who suffers from a vulnerable immunity. “I follow the news every day waiting for the arrival of the vaccines,” he says upon leaving the hospital, tired and emaciated. “My life is threatened because of kidney failure. I cannot have a kidney transplant for the time being, nor a virus that already took the lives of many healthy people.” Translated from Arabic by Celine El Natour. Iraqi Kurdistan: Work and Love in the Wake of “Covid-19” CoronaIsraelPalestinePalestinian DetaineesPalestinian Vaccine Kazakhstan Intifada: Colour Revolution or Arab Spring? January 9, 2022 Torturing Children: Yet Another Face of Brutality in Syria January 10, 2022 Torturing Children: Yet Another Face of Brutality in Syria Carmen Kareem Politics and patriarchy are strongly linked, especially in the Arab world. In Syria, the cruelty of the patriarchal system has increased as the Assad regime’s brutality worsened. Naturally, the weakest in society bear the brunt, as the recent abuse of Rahaf at the hands of her father illustrates. Kazakhstan Intifada: Colour Revolution or Arab Spring? Vicken Cheterian As events unfold, there are numerous questions that remain open: how bloody will the next chapter of Kazakhstani history be? Will Kazakhstan’s statehood survive from the internal explosion and foreign intervention? Egypt: Death of a Girl After Blackmail Eman Adel Passant Khaled committed suicide following the online publication of fake naked photos of her. Perhaps, with her death and goodbye letter, she wished to shake up her family, her village, and Egyptian society as a whole, for them to truly feel the immense harm caused when girls are bullied and publicly shamed. Iraq: Officer Misuses His Power to Murder Family of Twenty Aya Mansour – Iraqi Journalist 2021 refused to leave Iraq without a bloody massacre … Lebanon: Marginalizing the Role of Women in History and Education Nourhan Sharaf Eddine The reasons for the marginalization of women are many, including the curriculum for Lebanon’s history books, which was introduced in the 1960s and has not been updated since. Nayla Hamadeh, President of the Lebanese Association for History (LAH), speaks up. Gaza: Why Does Hamas Refuse to Hold Municipal Elections? Mostafa Al-Dahdouh Refusing to organize elections, Hamas continues to appoint municipal council members. While the people of Gaza have not moved a finger to demand their rights, political factions only issued routine statements, which in turn were only routinely diffused by the media. Why?	cc/2022-05/en_head_0000.json.gz/line368
__label__wiki	0.663889	0.663889	HomeNewsSeaside Town Council wins appeal on issue of standing to sue Seaside Town Council wins appeal on issue of standing to sue January 12, 2022 Quinton News By TRISH DAY A lengthy legal battle between Seaside Town Council, Inc. (STC) and Seaside Community Development Corp. (SCDC) culminated in a ruling by the Florida First District Court of Appeal on Dec. 29, 2021, in Case No. 1D19-755. The appeals court found that the Appellant, Seaside Town Council (STC) does have the legal right to pursue its claims for declarative and injunctive relief against SCDC on behalf of nine neighborhood associations. A little history: SCDC was the developer of Seaside, and in the 1980’s, they recorded declarations for the nine neighborhood associations. In 1991, the members of the nine neighborhood associations amended their declarations to form Seaside Town Council and directed that STC would assume management of association business. The STC was formed to enforce building codes, set design standards and enforce compliance regarding allowable building types and sizes. They would also maintain sole discretion regarding payments of assessments, collection of delinquent assessments and the like. The SCDC has long argued that the STC does not have legal authority to do these things. This recent ruling states that they do. The opinion of the majority stated: “In 1991, the neighborhood associations each agreed that STC was to ‘[a]ssume management of the administration and operations of the Association.’ ‘Management’ is synonymous with ‘control, direction, governance, government, guidance, [and] handling,’ among other words. Management, Meriam-Webster Online Dictionary, https://www.merriam- webster.com/dictionary/ management# synonyms (last visited Dec. 3, 2021). ‘Administration’ is defined, among other things, as ‘the performance of executive duties.’ Administration, Meriam- Webster Online Dictionary, https://www.merriam- webster.com/dictionary/administration (last visited Dec. 3, 2021). “As mentioned, the operations of the neighborhood associations included the ‘right to enforce, by any proceeding at law or in equity, all restrictions, conditions, [and] covenants.’” The nine associations who are members of STC voted in 2011 to have STC file this lawsuit on their behalf to protect the associations’ real property and legal rights under their respective Declarations of Covenants, Conditions and Restrictions and to assign STC the right to otherwise prosecute this lawsuit on their behalf. The court found that based on the will of the nine neighborhood associations within Seaside and in accordance with Florida Statutes, the STC has the legal right to “pursue claims for declaratory and injunctive relief” against SCDC. Judge dismisses case related to Sandestin DRI drainage standards Residents bring up technical issues with likely short-term rental developments in their neighborhoods [PREMIUM]	cc/2022-05/en_head_0000.json.gz/line372
__label__wiki	0.53729	0.53729	Salone del Mobile.Milano’s new president - Maria Porro! ISaloni2021 SuperSalone Salone del Mobile.Milano In the development of the fair Salone del Mobile.Milano, the best and most famous international interior exhibition, there is a pleasant and exciting event for the entire interior design world community. Salone del Mobile.Milano has a young, artistic and creative president Maria Porro, the heiress of the traditions of the family furniture industry in Italy, focused on their innovative development. Maria Porro announced the principles of a new course of creative renewal of the beloved international furniture fair. “Our goal is a strong, united, inclusive, sustainable and creative Salone del Mobile,” commented Maria Porro, newly-elected President of the Salone del Mobile.Milano. “The decision to invest in a young, driven President is part of a strategy to consolidate the event’s leading international role during a period of profound change,” says Gianfranco Marinelli, President of Federlegno Arredo Eventi. “Maria Porro may count on the support of the entire Federlegno Arredo Eventi Board as, with determination, she continues Salone del Mobile.Milano’s journey along a pathway of growth and renewal.” Maria Porro says, “I grew up with the Salone del Mobile. When I was a kid, my grandfather Carlo used to take me along to the pavilions at the old venue. I followed when the Fair moved to its new site in Rho, and I was thrilled to be able to attend the Shanghai Furniture Fair. Today, I am honoured to take on this role at such a vital and transformative time. I’d like to thank everyone who supported me. I hope to prove myself worthy of this event and its fabulous, successful heritage. I and the entire Board of Directors will be working to ensure that, as a unique and indispensable design showcase, the Salone rises to meet future challenges regarding sustainability, digitalization, research, innovation, creativity and inclusiveness, as ever maintaining the highest quality.” Born in 1983, in 2015 Maria Porro became marketing and communications director at historic Italian design brand Porro S.p.A. After serving on the Executive Board at Assarredo, in September 2020 she was unanimously elected President of the trade association for Italy’s furniture manufacturers. In 2019, she became a Board member of the Altagamma Foundation. With a degree in Set Design from the Accademia di Belle Arti di Brera, before devoting herself wholly to design, she spent a decade working in the theatre, arts and major events as a designer, organizer and curator, working on events around the world. All the while, she maintained her ties with the family business, working with her father Lorenzo Porro and architect Piero Lissoni on style-led research, developing new products, and being part of the firm’s Salone del Mobile presence.	cc/2022-05/en_head_0000.json.gz/line376
__label__wiki	0.823321	0.823321	Items The "Discovery". The "Discovery". George Arents Collection Original Scan Famous ships Place: U.K. Shelf locator: Arents Cigarette Cards Shelf locator: Arents Cigarette Cards 820 Content: Hill; Hill Citation/reference: Cartophilic reference books H46-87-b Universal Unique Identifier (UUID): 2e2c0980-c55a-012f-545b-58d385a7bc34 The copyright and related rights status of this item has been reviewed by The New York Public Library, but we were unable to make a conclusive determination as to the copyright status of the item. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. : Place George Arents Collection, The New York Public Library. "The "Discovery"." The New York Public Library Digital Collections. https://digitalcollections.nypl.org/items/510d47e2-c856-a3d9-e040-e00a18064a99 George Arents Collection, The New York Public Library. "The "Discovery"." New York Public Library Digital Collections. Accessed January 16, 2022. https://digitalcollections.nypl.org/items/510d47e2-c856-a3d9-e040-e00a18064a99 George Arents Collection, The New York Public Library. The "Discovery". Retrieved from https://digitalcollections.nypl.org/items/510d47e2-c856-a3d9-e040-e00a18064a99 <ref name=NYPL>{{cite web \| url=https://digitalcollections.nypl.org/items/510d47e2-c856-a3d9-e040-e00a18064a99 \| title= (still image) The "Discovery".\|author=Digital Collections, The New York Public Library \|accessdate=January 16, 2022 \|publisher=The New York Public Library, Astor, Lenox, and Tilden Foundations}}</ref>	cc/2022-05/en_head_0000.json.gz/line381
__label__wiki	0.713009	0.713009	Gaming Grammar: Games for Teaching Foreign Language Grammar DC Labs is fusing games and education to help school children learn foreign language grammar. With a shortage of research-based and evidence-based resources to support grammar teaching and learning, gamification has the potential to make language learning interesting and challenging. In collaboration with the Department for Education’s National Centre for Excellence for Language Pedagogy (NCELP) and University of Reading, DC Labs is working with schools across the UK to trial a digital game that helps children learn French, Spanish and German grammar. The game teaches grammar through listening and reading practice called form-meaning mapping, a research-based teaching approach that makes grammar essential for understanding meaning. In the game, pupils must complete spy missions (mini-games) and in order to successfully complete each mini-game, the player must learn how to understand and use new grammar features. In 2017, the game was trialed in seven schools in the York and Tadcaster area working directly with ten teachers and 200 children. This large-scale classroom-based evaluation provided evidence of the efficacy of the use of games for teaching and learning. The data gathered from the trial also provided a more detailed understanding of the learning that occurred as a result of playing the game. Following the trial, the prototype game is being developed into a full product by the National Centre for Excellence for Language Pedagogy. This work includes extending the game to cover more grammar features. In addition, a teacher interface has been developed to allow teachers to track the progress of pupils within their classes. The game is now being used as a curriculum resource in the 45 secondary schools who are part of the NCELP network. In 2020, the game will be rolled out more widely to both primary and secondary schools across the UK. Gaming Grammar is now available to download for free from the Google Play (Android devices) and Apple App stores (iPad only). Gaming Grammar Andy Wood Dr Nick Sephton Dr Rowena Kasprowicz Prof Emma Marsden Prof Sebastian Deterding National Centre for Excellence for Language Pedagogy (NCELP) https://ncelp.org/about/more-about-the-centre/ www.reading.ac.uk/	cc/2022-05/en_head_0000.json.gz/line382
__label__cc	0.62706	0.37294	The Vassar College Libraries Digital Initiatives Program provides guidance and makes available the framework to preserve and disseminate, in digital format, selected resources held by the Libraries or created by members of the Vassar community. Furthermore, the Program creates and enriches digital collections to be used for instruction. Learn more » The collections seen here are available and searchable within the Digital Library search bar at the top of each page. For additional Vassar College resources visit the "Other Collections of Interest" page here: https://digitallibrary.vassar.edu/about/other. Albert Einstein Digital Collection A gift of Morris and Adele Bergreen in 2003, Vassar College Libraries' Albert Einstein collection documents a lesser-known aspect of Albert Einstein’s career: his social and political work in the United States and abroad, with special attention to Jewish affairs. Overview \| Browse (You will leave this site.) Antonio Marquez Collection Dr. Antonio Márquez (b. 1923 - d. 2010), poet, painter and academic, was born in Arriate, Malaga, Spain. As a young man he studied in Spain under the Jesuit order, and went on to study in Ecuador (1951- 1953) as a member of that order, then went on to to study in the U.S. at the Seminary of St. Andrew’s in Hyde Park, NY. Márquez completed his Doctorate in Philosophy of Religion from Pontifical University of Salamanca, Spain in 1970. Overview (You will leave this site.) \| Browse The Associated Emeritae/i of Vassar College (AEVC) Oral History The Associated Emeritae/i of Vassar College (AEVC) was founded in the fall of 2007 with the principal goal of representing the interests and concerns of more than eighty retired members of the Vassar Faculty. In support of this goal, the AEVC began compiling oral histories from its members in 2018. Additional interviews are available on-site only in VCL Archives and Special Collections spcoll@vassar.edu Bidloo's Anatomia humani corporis (Vassar's Millionth Volume) Bound in Moroccan leather, Anatomia humani corporis by Govard Bidloo comprises 105 engraved plates of anatomical drawings by Gerard de Lairesse. In 2011, the 150th anniversary of the college's founding, the Vassar Libraries acquired the college's millionth volume — Anatomia humani corporis by Govard Bidloo, a 17th-century anatomy atlas. Overview \| Browse Elizabeth Cady Stanton Papers Papers include correspondence with Susan B. Anthony, Paulina Wright Davis, Elizabeth Smith Miller, Gerrit Smith, and others relating to family matters, her children, the woman's movement, her lectures and travels, publication of her books and articles, women and religion, abolition, temperance, and other social causes. Glass Plate Negatives The Glass Plate Negatives Collection contains materials from 1904-1935, depicting events, students, and buildings at Vassar College. Most photographs were taken by E.L. (Edmund L.) Wolven. Funding note: the digitization of the glass plate negative collection from 1904-1935 was made possible by the Vassar Class of 1950. Images of Early Vassar The Images of Early Vassar collection consists of materials relating to the early history of Vassar College, from its founding in 1861 to the early years of the 20th century. Jasper Parrish Papers The collection includes correspondence of Jasper Parrish, 1790-1829, and others, 1757-1869, relating to the Painted Post treaty, payments to Indians, supplies to the Seneca mission, conduct of the St. Regis Indians, and work of the Quakers among the Indians. John Burroughs Journals John Burroughs (1837-1921) was a noted naturalist, essayist and a significant figure in the history of environmentalism. Landauer Longfellow Collection The Landauer Longfellow Collection consists of approximately 300 pieces of sheet music and some bound volumes (totaling more than 6500 pages) featuring the poetry of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow. The Library Cafe Archive The Library Café is a weekly program of table talk with scholars, artists, publishers and librarians about books, scholarship, and the formation and circulation of knowledge. It is hosted by Thomas Hill, Vassar College Art Librarian. http://library-cafe.org Mathew Vassar Papers Matthew Vassar, founder of Vassar College, was born in the County of Norfolk, England, emigrated with his parents and other family members to Dutchess County, N.Y., in 1796. Vassar College was chartered in 1861 and opened its doors to students in 1865. The Memorial Minutes collection consists of short biographical pieces from Vassar faculty members, read in their honor at faculty meetings from the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Printer's Marks This collection provides images of, and information about, all of the extant printer's marks in the windows of the Vassar College Library. Printer's marks are visual emblems that identify the printer of a particular book. The Student Diaries collection provides access to more than fifty diaries from Vassar students from the nineteenth century. The Student Letters collection contains letters from Vassar students primarily during the nineteenth century. Student Photo Albums The Student Photo Album collection contains material from Vassar students primarily during the nineteenth century. Student Scrapbooks The Student Scrapbooks collection provides access to scrapbooks from Vassar students from the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Susan B. Anthony Collection Most letters are hand-written and have an accompanying transcript. Digitization of the collection was made possible by a generous grant from Dr. Georgette Bennett in honor of Dr. Leonard Polonsky CBE. Transactions of the Association of Russian-American Scholars (ARAS) This collection houses the complete set of the bilingual almanacs published by the Association of Russian-American Scholars in the USA (ARAS) titled – in two languages – Transactions of the Association of Russian-American Scholars in the USA / Записки Русской Академической Группы в США. Vassar College ANTH-AFRS 386 Interview Project The interviews in this collection are a result of the projects by students in Vassar College's "ANTH/AFRS 386: Situating Blackness" course in Spring 2015. The course encouraged students to explore the meanings of blackness (and raced identity categories) as lived experience at Vassar College and beyond. Vassar College LGBTQ Oral History Project The Vassar LGBTQ Oral History Project is a partnership between the LGBTQ Center, the Women’s Studies Program and the Vassar College Archives that began in the fall of 2012. The goal of the project is to capture the experiences, stories, and reflections of LGBTQ and ally alumnae/i as well as former and current LGBTQA staff members. Vassar College Library Gargoyles and Grotesques Vassar College Library was built in 1905, the architecture and the style of the building is perpendicular Gothic, with many embellishments. Among those embellishments are approximately thirty-six gargoyles and grotesques. Vassar Songs The Vassar Songs collection features volumes from 1881-1915, and a special seventy-fifth anniversary book from 1940.	cc/2022-05/en_head_0000.json.gz/line384
__label__cc	0.583542	0.416458	in Dinar Guru KTFA: Samson: The stock market is trading shares worth 7 billion dinars in a week The Iraq Stock Exchange announced today, Sunday, that 7 billion shares were traded, with a financial value of more than 7 billion dinars, during the past week. The market said in a report reviewed by Shafaq News Agency, “The number of companies whose shares were traded during the past week amounted to 49 joint-stock companies, while the shares of 34 companies did not trade due to the lack of convergence of the prices of purchase orders with sales orders, while 22 companies continue to be suspended for not providing disclosure. out of 105 companies in the market. He added that “the number of traded shares amounted to 7 billion and 810 million and 446 thousand shares, a decrease of 13.52% compared to the previous session, with a financial value of 7 billion and 667 million and 84,000 dinars, a decrease of 14.62% compared to the previous session through the implementation of 3951 deals,” noting that “the price index The traded ISX60 closed at 560.02 points, recording a decrease of 2.82% from its closing in the previous session. He pointed out that “the number of shares purchased from non-Iraqi investors for the past week amounted to one billion and 835 million shares, with a financial value of one billion and 616 million dinars, through the implementation of 198 deals, while the number of shares sold from non-Iraqi investors reached one billion and 906 million shares, with a financial value of 2 billion and 942.” million dinars through the implementation of 1074 transactions. It is noteworthy that the Iraq Stock Exchange organizes five trading sessions per week from Sunday to Thursday, and includes 105 Iraqi joint stock companies representing the sectors of banking, telecommunications, industry, agriculture, insurance, financial investment, tourism and hotels. LINK Samson: Violent Explosions Hit The American Base Of Al-Tanf Syrian opposition observatory, which is specialized in monitoring security events in Syria, reported on Sunday that violent explosions took place at Al-Tanf base on the Iraqi-Syrian-Jordanian border. And the observatory said in a post on “Facebook” that “I saw / the information” that two explosions rocked the 55 area located at the border triangle between Syria, Iraq and Jordan within the Syrian Badia, where the Al-Tanf military base of the international coalition is located. He added, “Coalition helicopters flew this morning in the airspace of the area, after which the first explosion shook the area of moderate intensity, followed by another violent and severe explosion,” noting that “it has not been clear so far the nature of the two explosions, whether they were caused by military exercises of the coalition or Is it firing missiles from the base, or is it a result of a new targeting of the base?” On November 24, the Syrian Observatory monitored the launch of 4 long-range missiles by the US forces stationed at Al-Tanf base within the 55 area at the border triangle between Syria, Iraq and Jordan, from inside the base towards the west of the base. LINK Samson: Iraq and Russia agree to cooperate in the field of clean energy Today, Sunday, Oil Minister Ihsan Abdul-Jabbar revealed a plan with Russia to increase oil production. Abdul-Jabbar said in a press statement, “The ministry is ready to open prospects for joint cooperation with Russia in the fields of oil, gas and energy,” noting that “he met the Russian President’s envoy to Iraq, Mikhail Bogdamov, and the keenness of the Iraqi Oil Ministry and the prospects for cooperation remain open to develop the oil and gas extraction system, and this is reflected even on the electric power system.” And he indicated that “the ministry will work with Russia to expand the horizons of cooperation with regard to clean, renewable energy,” noting that “this matter is one of his most important priorities, and he is working on it in a manner that promotes an environment free of pollution, which reflects positively on the citizen.” Abdul-Jabbar added, “The sustainability plans he is working on is to increase oil production in addition to reducing fuels and emissions.” LINK Samson: Dhi Qar Investment Announces A Technology City And An Artificial Lake Linking The Marshes With Ur The Dhi Qar Investment Authority announced, on Sunday, the launch of several projects to develop the province and the ancient city of Ur, revealing the allocation of an area for the construction of a technology city to produce various types of technologies and attract the creative inventory. The head of the authority, Hamid Al-Hasouneh, said in a statement reported by the newspaper “Al-Sabah” and seen by “The Information”, that “this electronic region will be a pioneer in the production of smart phones, tablets, robots, computers and their spare parts and cameras in Iraq,” noting that “Iraq has a qualitative precedent in the region through Establishment of the Electronic Industries Company (IELI) in 1973 to operate in the technology devices and equipment sector. Al-Hasuna added, “The Nasiriyah Technological City, which is scheduled to be built on an area of 100 acres, represents one of the results of studies presented by the authority in its investment initiatives,” noting that “the project will enhance technological innovation and spread its products in a country like Iraq, which promises an open market for the use of products.” He continued, “The authority obtained the approval of Dhi Qar Governorate to allocate two areas and offer them investment opportunities, the first with an area of 100 km near Nasiriyah Center specialized in electronic, office and paper industries, and the second with an area of 15,000 acres located outside the basic design of Nasiriyah Center specialized in heavy, light and polluting industries,” noting that “The commission has recently opened several investment projects, most notably two factories for the industrial and construction iron industries, as well as a factory for pipes and paints.” Al-Hasuna revealed that “a group of investment projects and others with government funding have been prepared for the development and reconstruction of the historic city of Ur, based on the reforms granted to the commission in Diwani Order 38 of 2021,” noting that “the federal government has allocated funds for the development and restoration of the house of the Prophet Ibrahim (peace be upon him) and the passable roads around it, in addition to Developing the residence of Imam Ali, peace be upon him, while passing through the city of Ur, heading to Kufa. He pointed out that “the profiles of investment projects in the ancient city of Ur have been completed, as part of the campaign launched by Prime Minister Mustafa Al-Kazemi last March,” noting that “the projects include the construction of the largest recreational artificial lake in the country, 27 km long and 11 km wide, to be the bridge linking cities. The historic marshes of Chabayish, to allow tourists to enjoy the charming nature of the marshes.” He added, “The decision to stop work on the Chabayish resort project was one of the decisions that disrupted tourism investments under the pretext that the project was built in a migratory bird reserve and causes a change in their migration paths,” expecting that “more than one million foreign tourists enter the country annually to visit the historic city of Ur as well.” For recreation in the marshlands that are unique in their environment and nature.” LINK	cc/2022-05/en_head_0000.json.gz/line385
__label__wiki	0.697232	0.697232	State capital city in South Carolina, United States State capital city City of Columbia "Soda City"[1] Justitia Virtutum Regina (Latin) "Justice, the Queen of Virtues" Location in Richland County and the state of South Carolina Location within South Carolina Show map of South Carolina Location within the United States Coordinates: 34°0′2″N 81°2′5″W / 34.00056°N 81.03472°W / 34.00056; -81.03472Coordinates: 34°0′2″N 81°2′5″W / 34.00056°N 81.03472°W / 34.00056; -81.03472 Richland, Lexington Chartered (town) Chartered (city) Columbia (personification) Daniel Rickenmann (R) 139.64 sq mi (361.68 km2) 2.87 sq mi (7.43 km2) 2% SC: 2nd; US: 205th 549,777 (US: 75th) • MSA (2020) • CSA (2020) 29201-29212, 29214-29230, 29240, 29250, 29260, 29290, 29292 www.columbiasc.net Columbia is the capital of the U.S. state of South Carolina. With a population of 136,632 as of the 2020 U.S. Census, it is the second-largest city in South Carolina.[4][5] The city serves as the county seat of Richland County, and a portion of the city extends into neighboring Lexington County. It is the center of the Columbia metropolitan statistical area, which had a population of 829,470 and is the 72nd-largest metropolitan statistical area in the nation.[6] The name Columbia is a poetic term used for the United States, derived from the name of Christopher Columbus, who explored for the Spanish Crown. Columbia is often abbreviated as Cola, leading to its nickname as "Soda City."[1] The city is located about 13 miles (21 km) northwest of the geographic center of South Carolina, and is the primary city of the Midlands region of the state. It lies at the confluence of the Saluda River and the Broad River, which merge at Columbia to form the Congaree River. As the state capital, Columbia is the site of the South Carolina State House, the center of government for the state. In 1860, the South Carolina Secession Convention took place here; delegates voted for secession, making this the first state to leave the Union in the events leading up to the Civil War. The first six states to secede were those whose planters held the most enslaved African Americans; these were slave societies. Columbia is home to the University of South Carolina, the state's flagship public university and the largest in the state. The area has benefited from Congressional support for Southern military installations. Columbia is the site of Fort Jackson, the largest United States Army installation for Basic Combat Training. Twenty miles to the east of the city is McEntire Joint National Guard Base, which is operated by the U.S. Air Force and is used as a training base for the 169th Fighter Wing of the South Carolina Air National Guard. See also: Timeline of Columbia, South Carolina The Seibels House, circa 1796, is the oldest in Columbia. Former slave quarters at the Hale–Elmore–Seibels House in downtown Columbia. In May 1540, a Spanish expedition led by Hernando de Soto traversed what is now Columbia while moving northward on exploration of the interior of the Southeast. The expedition produced the earliest written historical records of this area, which was part of the regional Cofitachequi chiefdom of the Mississippian culture.[7] During the colonial era, European settlers encountered the Congaree in this area, who inhabited several villages along the Congaree River. The settlers established a frontier fort and fur trading post named after the Congaree, on the west bank of the Congaree River. It was at the fall line and the head of navigation in the Santee River system. In 1754 the colonial government in South Carolina established a ferry to connect the fort with the growing European settlements on the higher ground on the east bank.[8] Like many other significant early settlements in colonial America, Columbia is on the fall line of the Piedmont region. The fall line is often marked by rapids at the places where the river cuts sharply down to lower levels in the Tidewater or Low Country of the coastal plain. Beyond the fall line, the river is unnavigable for boats sailing upstream. Entrepreneurs and later industrialists established mills in such areas, as the water flowing downriver, often over falls, provided power to run equipment. Designation as state capital After the American Revolutionary War and United States independence, State Senator John Lewis Gervais of the town of Ninety Six introduced a bill that was approved by the legislature on March 22, 1786, to create a new state capital. Considerable argument occurred over the name for the new city. According to published accounts, Senator Gervais said he hoped that "in this town we should find refuge under the wings of COLUMBIA", for that was the name which he wished it to be called. One legislator insisted on the name "Washington", but "Columbia" won by a vote of 11–7 in the state senate. The site was chosen as the new state capital in 1786 due to its central location in the state. The State Legislature first met there in 1790. After remaining under the direct government of the legislature for the first two decades of its existence, Columbia was incorporated as a village in 1805 and then as a city in 1854. Columbia received a large stimulus to development when it was connected in a direct water route to Charleston by the Santee Canal. This connected the Santee and Cooper rivers in a 22-mile-long (35 km) section. It was first chartered in 1786 and completed in 1800, making it one of the earliest canals in the United States. With competition later from faster railroad traffic, it ceased operation around 1850. The commissioners designed a town of 400 blocks in a 2-mile (3 km) square along the river. The blocks were divided into lots of 0.5 acres (2,000 m2) and sold to speculators and prospective residents. Buyers had to build a house at least 30 feet (9.1 m) long and 18 feet (5.5 m) wide within three years, or face an annual 5% penalty. The perimeter streets and two through streets were 150 feet (46 m) wide. The remaining squares were divided by thoroughfares 100 feet (30 m) wide. As the capital and one of the first planned cities in the United States, Columbia began to grow rapidly. Its population was nearing 1,000 shortly after the start of the 19th century. South Carolina Governor's Mansion built 1855 The commissioners constituted the local government until 1797, when a Commission of Streets and Markets was created by the General Assembly. Three main issues occupied most of their time: public drunkenness, gambling, and poor sanitation. Main article: Columbia, South Carolina, in the American Civil War Monument marking site of original South Carolina State House, designed and built from 1786 to 1790 by James Hoban. It was burned by the Union Army in 1865. Robert Mills House built 1823 In 1801, South Carolina College (now the University of South Carolina) was founded in Columbia. The original building survives. The city was chosen as the site of the state college in an effort to unite residents of the Upcountry and the Lowcountry and to discourage elite youth from traveling to England for their higher education. At the time, South Carolina planter families sent more young men to England than did men of any other state. The leaders of South Carolina kept a close eye on the new college: for many years after its founding, commencement exercises were held in December while the state legislature was in session. Columbia received its first charter as a town in 1805. An intendant and six wardens governed the town. John Taylor, the first elected intendant, later served in both houses of the General Assembly, both houses of Congress, and eventually was elected as governor. By 1816, some 250 homes had been built in the town and a population was more than 1000. Columbia became chartered as a city in 1854, with an elected mayor and six aldermen. Two years later, Columbia had a police force consisting of a full-time chief and nine patrolmen. The city continued to grow at a rapid pace, and throughout the 1850s and 1860s, Columbia was the largest inland city in the Carolinas. Railroad transportation served as a significant cause of population expansion in Columbia during this time. Rail lines that reached the city in the 1840s primarily transported cotton bales, not passengers, from there to major markets and the port of Charlestown. Cotton was the chief commodity of the state and lifeblood of the Columbia community; in 1850, virtually all of the city's commercial and economic activity was related to cotton. Cotton was sent to New York and New England's textile mills, as well as to England and Europe, where demand was high. "In 1830, around 1,500 slaves lived and worked in Columbia; this population grew to 3,300 by 1860. Some members of this large enslaved population worked in their masters' households. Masters also frequently hired out slaves to Columbia residents and institutions, including South Carolina College. Hired-out slaves sometimes returned to their owners' homes daily; others boarded with their temporary masters."[9] During this period, "legislators developed state and local statutes to restrict the movement of urban slaves in hopes of preventing rebellion. Although various decrees established curfews and prohibited slaves from meeting and from learning to read and write, such rulings were difficult to enforce."[9] "[S]everal prewar accounts note that many Columbia slaves were literate; some slaves even conducted classes to teach others to read and write." Also, "many slaves attended services at local Baptist, Presbyterian, and Methodist churches, yet some struggled to obtain membership in these institutions."[9] Columbia's First Baptist Church hosted the South Carolina Secession Convention on December 17, 1860. The white delegates drafted a resolution in favor of secession, 159–0. Columbia's location made it an ideal location for other conventions and meetings within the Confederacy. On February 17, 1865, in the last months of the Civil War, much of Columbia was destroyed by fire while Union troops under the command of General William Tecumseh Sherman approached.[10] Jeff Goodwyn, mayor of Columbia, sent William B. Stanley and Thomas W. Radcliffe to surrender the city to Sherman's troops. According to legend, the First Baptist Church was nearly torched by Sherman's troops. The soldiers marched up to the church and asked the sexton if he could direct them to the First Baptist Church. The sexton directed the men to the nearby Washington Street Methodist Church. First Baptist was saved at the expense of another historic church.[11] Equestrian statue in Columbia of General and later Governor Wade Hampton, III, known for his opposition to Reconstruction The controversy surrounding the burning of the city started soon after the war ended. General Sherman blamed the high winds and retreating Confederate soldiers for firing bales of cotton, which had been stacked in the streets. Sherman denied ordering the burning, though he did order destruction of militarily significant structures, such as the Confederate Printing Plant. Today, tourists can follow the path General Sherman's army took to enter the city and see structures or remnants of structures that survived the fire. During the Reconstruction era, when African-American Republicans were among the legislators elected to state government, Columbia became the focus of considerable attention. Reporters, journalists, travelers, and tourists flocked here to see a Southern state legislature whose members included freedmen (former slaves), as well as men of color who had been free before the war. The city began to rebuild and recover from the devastating fire of 1865; a mild construction boom took place within the first few years of Reconstruction. In addition, repair of railroad tracks in outlying areas created more jobs for residents. By the late nineteenth century, culture was expanding in the city. In 1897 the Columbia Music Festival Association was founded[12] by Mayor William McB. Sloan and the city aldermen. It was headquartered in the Opera House on Main Street, which also served as City Hall. Its role was to book and manage concerts and events in the opera house for the city.[citation needed] Three images taken from the same location showing Columbia's Main Street from Statehouse steps Columbia in ruins after Sherman's burning of Columbia at the end of the Civil War, c. 1865 Image with streetcars, c. 1900 Modern day Main Street, c. 2010 During the early 20th century, Columbia developed as a regional textile manufacturing center. In 1907, Columbia had six mills in operation: Richland, Granby, Olympia, Capital City, Columbia, and Palmetto. Combined, they employed over 3,400 workers with an annual payroll of $819,000, giving the Midlands an economic boost of over $4.8 million. Columbia had no paved streets until 1908, when 17 blocks of Main Street were surfaced. But, it had 115 publicly maintained street crossings, boardwalks placed at intersections to keep pedestrians from having to wade through a sea of mud between wooden sidewalks. As an experiment, Washington Street was once paved with wooden blocks. This proved to be the source of much local amusement when they buckled and floated away during heavy rains. The blocks were replaced with asphalt paving in 1925. Palmetto Building (1913) Troops returning from WW I march through Columbia, April 1919 President Woodrow Wilson's boy homes in Columbia Woodrow Wilson, the 28th President of the United States, lived in Columbia during his youth. Main Street looking towards State Capitol, Columbia, SC 1910s During the years 1911 and 1912, some $2.5 million worth of construction occurred in the city, as investors used revenues generated by the mills. New projects included construction of the Union Bank Building at Main and Gervais, the Palmetto National Bank, a shopping arcade, and large hotels at Main and Laurel (the Jefferson) and at Main and Wheat (the Gresham). In 1917, the city was selected by the US Army to be developed as the site of Camp Jackson, a U.S. military installation that was officially classified as a "Field Artillery Replacement Depot". The first recruits arrived at the camp on September 1, 1917. In the first several decades of the 20th century, white Democrats of the Solid South controlled an outsize amount of power in the House and Senate. The former Confederate states had effectively disenfranchised most blacks and many poor whites through passage of discriminatory laws and constitutions that made voter registration and voting more difficult. But they controlled all the seats in Congress related to the total state populations. In 1930, Columbia was the hub of a trading area with about 500,000 potential customers. It had 803 retail establishments, 280 of them being food stores. The city also had 58 clothing and apparel outlets, 57 restaurants and lunch rooms, 55 filling stations, 38 pharmacies, 20 furniture stores, 19 auto dealers, 11 shoe stores, nine cigar stands, five department stores, and one book store. Wholesale distributors located within the city numbered 119, with one-third of them dealing in food. In 1934, the federal courthouse at the corner of Main and Laurel streets was purchased by the city for use as City Hall. Built of granite from nearby Winnsboro, Columbia City Hall is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Designed by Alfred Bult Mullett, President Ulysses S. Grant's federal architect, the building was completed in 1876. Mullet, best known for his design of the Executive Office Building in Washington, DC, had originally designed the courthouse with a clock tower. It was not constructed, perhaps because of large cost overruns on the project. Copies of Millet's original drawings can be seen on the walls of City Hall alongside historic photos of other Columbia beginnings. Federal offices were moved to the new J. Bratton Davis United States Bankruptcy Courthouse. In 1940 Camp Jackson was reactivated after war started in Europe, and was designated as Fort Jackson. City leaders and the congressional delegation had lobbied to gain such a permanent military installation. In the early 1940s, shortly after the attack on Pearl Harbor, which catalyzed the entry of the US into World War II, Lt. Colonel Jimmy Doolittle and his group of now-famous pilots began training for the 1942 Doolittle Raid over Tokyo at what is now Columbia Metropolitan Airport.[13] They trained in B-25 Mitchell bombers, the same model as the plane that is installed at Columbia's Owens Field in the Curtiss-Wright hangar. [14] During the 1940s African Americans increased activism for their civil rights: seeking to reverse Jim Crow laws and racial discrimination that pushed them into second-class status in Columbia and the state. In 1945, a federal judge ruled that the city's black teachers were entitled to equal pay to that of their white counterparts. But, in following years, the state attempted to strip many blacks of their teaching credentials. Other issues in which the blacks of the city sought equality concerned voting rights and segregation (particularly regarding public schools). In 1954, in Brown v. Board of Education, the US Supreme Court ruled that segregated public schools were unconstitutional. On August 21, 1962, eight downtown chain stores served blacks at their lunch counters for the first time. The University of South Carolina, a public institution, admitted its first black students in 1963. Around that same time, many vestiges of segregation began to disappear from the city: blacks attained membership on various municipal boards and commissions, and the city adopted a non-discriminatory hiring policy. These and other such signs of racial progress helped earn the city the 1964 All-America City Award for the second time (the first being in 1951). A 1965 article in Newsweek lauded Columbia as a city that had "liberated itself from the plague of doctrinal apartheid".[15] Since the late 20th century, historic preservation has played a significant part in the city. The historic Robert Mills House was restored in 1967, which inspired the renovation and restoration of other historic structures, such as the Hampton-Preston House and others associated with President Woodrow Wilson, Maxcy Gregg, Mary Boykin Chesnut, and noted free black Celia Mann. In the early 1970s, the University of South Carolina initiated the refurbishment of its "Horseshoe". Several area museums also benefited from the increased historical interest of that time, among them the Fort Jackson Museum, the McKissick Museum on the campus of the University of South Carolina, and most notably the South Carolina State Museum, which opened in 1988. Mayor Kirkman Finlay, Jr., was the driving force behind the refurbishment of Seaboard Park, now known as Finlay Park, in the historic Congaree Vista district. His administration developed the $60 million Palmetto Center package, which resulted in construction of an office tower, parking garage, and the Columbia Marriott hotel, which opened in 1983. In 1980, the Columbia metropolitan population reached 410,088, and in 1990, this figure had hit roughly 470,000. During the 1970s and 1980s skyscrapers were constructed and other real-estate development took place throughout Columbia. To meet demand of businesses, the city constructed The Tower at 1301 Gervais in 1973. In 1983, Hub at Columbia was constructed. In 1987 the Capitol Center, which became the tallest building in the state, followed by the Bank of America Plaza in 1989. was built,. During the 1990s and early 2000s the city worked to revitalize the downtown, as businesses had been pulled out to the suburbs. The Congaree Vista district along Gervais Street, once known as a warehouse district, became an area of art galleries, shops, and restaurants. The Colonial Life Arena (formerly known as the Colonial Center) opened in 2002, and brought several major entertainers and shows to Columbia. EdVenture, the largest children's museum in the Southeast, opened in 2003. The Village at Sandhill shopping center opened in 2004 in Northeast Richland County. The Columbia Metropolitan Convention Center opened in 2004, and a new convention center hotel opened in September 2007. A public-private City Center Partnership has been formed to implement the downtown revitalization and boost downtown growth. In 2009, Columbia's most recent skyscraper, the Tower at Main and Gervais, was completed. Mayor Stephen K. Benjamin started his first term in July 2010, elected as the first African-American mayor in the city's history. Founders Park, home of USC baseball, opened in 2009. The South Carolina Gamecocks baseball team won two NCAA national championships in 2010 and in 2011. The 2010 South Carolina Gamecocks football team, under coach Steve Spurrier, earned their first appearance in the SEC championship. Historic flooding in the city in October 2015 forced the Gamecocks football team to move their October 10 home game. Segra Park (formerly Spirit Communications Park), home of the Columbia Fireflies, opened in April 2016. In 2017, the Gamecocks women's basketball team (under coach Dawn Staley) won their first NCAA championship, and the men's basketball team went to the Final Four for the first time. A Mast General Store was opened in 2011. The Music Farm opened a location in Columbia on Senate Street in 2014. In 2000, the Confederate battle flag was moved from the South Carolina State House to the Confederate monument. On July 10, 2015, the flag was removed from the monument to a museum. In 2017, the central path of a total solar eclipse passed directly over the city and state capitol. Photograph of Columbia taken from the International Space Station Gervais Street Bridge over the Congaree River One of Columbia's more prominent geographical features is the fall line, the boundary between the upland Piedmont region and the Atlantic Coastal Plain, across which rivers drop as falls or rapids. Columbia developed at the fall line of the Congaree River, which is formed by the confluence of the Broad and Saluda rivers. The Congaree was the farthest inland point of river navigation. The energy of falling water also powered Columbia's early mills. The city has capitalized on this location, which includes three rivers, by identifying as "The Columbia Riverbanks Region". Columbia is located roughly halfway between the Atlantic Ocean and the Blue Ridge Mountains, at an elevation around 292 ft (89 m).[16] Soils in Columbia are well drained in most cases, with grayish brown loamy sand topsoil. The subsoil may be yellowish-red, sandy clay loam (Orangeburg series), yellowish-brown sandy clay loam (Norfolk series), or strong brown sandy clay (Marlboro series). All belong to the Ultisol soil order.[17][18][19][20] According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 134.9 square miles (349.5 km2), of which 132.2 square miles (342.4 km2) is land and 2.7 square miles (7.0 km2) is water (2.01%). Approximately ⅔ of Columbia's land area, 81.2 square miles (210 km2), is contained within the Fort Jackson Military Installation, much of which consists of uninhabited training grounds. The actual inhabited area for the city is slightly more than 50 square miles (130 km2).[5] Columbia has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa), with relatively cool to mild winters and hot and humid summers. The area averages 55 nights below freezing and is subject to temporary cold spells during the winter, but extended cold or days where the temperature fails to rise above freezing are both rare.[21] These cold snaps usually result from atmospheric troughs that bring in cold air from Canada across the Eastern part of the country. The USDA places Columbia in the 8a Hardiness Zone.[22] With an annual average of 5 days with 100 °F (38 °C)+ and 72 days with 90 °F (32 °C)+ temperatures,[21] the city's current promotional slogan describes Columbia as "Famously Hot".[23] In the summer months, Columbia usually has the greatest high temperature in the state.[24] One reason for this is its low elevation in comparison to other cities at similar latitudes.[25] For example, Atlanta has a significantly higher elevation, which helps to moderate its summer temperatures. Secondly, the city lies in the heart of the Sandhills region. Since the region's soils are more sandy, they contain less water and can warm up more quickly.[26] This explains why usually only the high temperatures and not the low temperatures are much different from across the state. Thirdly, because of its distance from the Atlantic Ocean, it does not receive the same moderating effects of coastal cities like Charleston. Lastly, the city experiences the urban heat island effect, making it significantly warmer than some surrounding towns and cities. Precipitation, at 44.6 inches (1,130 mm) annually, peaks in the summer months largely because of afternoon thunderstorms, and is the least during spring and fall.[21] Snowfall averages 1.5 inches (3.8 cm), but is largely variable depending on the year.[21] Snow flurries usually do fall at least once during the winter season during its coldest periods. Like much of the southeastern U.S., the city is prone to inversions, which trap ozone and other pollutants over the area. Official extremes in temperature at the main weather station have ranged from 109 °F (43 °C) on June 29 and 30, 2012 down to −2 °F (−19 °C), set on February 14, 1899. Only one other sub-zero temperature has been recored in Columbia: −1 °F (−18 °C) on January 21, 1985. A weather station at the University of South Carolina campus measured a reading of 113 °F (45 °C) on June 29, 2012, which is the highest temperature ever recorded in South Carolina.[21][27] Climate data for Columbia, South Carolina (Columbia Airport), 1991–2020 normals,[a] extremes 1887–present[b] (−8) (126) 5.35 9.6 8.9 8.9 8.1 8.5 11.0 11.8 10.4 8.0 6.9 7.3 9.2 108.6 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.8 Percent possible sunshine Source: NOAA (relative humidity and sun 1961−1990)[21][28][29] Main article: Columbia, South Carolina metropolitan area The metropolitan statistical area of Columbia is the second-largest in South Carolina; it has a population of 817,488 according to the 2016 Census estimates. Columbia's metropolitan counties include: Lexington County Columbia's suburbs and environs include: St. Andrews, Richland County: Pop. 20,493 (unincorporated) Seven Oaks, Lexington County: Pop. 15,144 (unincorporated) Lexington: Pop. 17,870 (on Lake Murray) Dentsville, Richland County: Pop. 14,062 (unincorporated) West Columbia: Pop. 14,988 Cayce, Lexington County: Pop. 12,528 Irmo: Pop. 11,097 (partly on Lake Murray) Forest Acres: Pop. 10,361 Blythewood, Richland/Fairfield County: Pop. 4,446 Woodfield, Richland County: Pop. 9,303 (unincorporated) Red Bank, Lexington County: Pop. 9,617 (unincorporated) Oak Grove, Lexington County: Pop.10,291 (unincorporated) Camden, Kershaw County: Pop. 6,838 Lugoff, Kershaw County: Pop. 7,434 (unincorporated) Historic Hampton neighborhood Elmwood Park neighborhood Allen Benedict Court Arsenal Hill Ashley Hall Bluff Estates Booker Washington Heights Burton Heights (Standish Acres) Congaree Vista Cottontown/Bellevue Historic District Crane Forest Earlewood Gable Oaks Granby Mill Village Gregg Park Gonzales Gardens Hastings Pointe Dr Harbison Heathwood Heritage Woods Hollywood-Rose Hill Keenan Terrace King's Grant Long Creek Plantation Magnolia Hall Martin Luther King (Valley Park) Melrose Heights Old Shandon Old Woodlands Olympia Mill Village Robert Mills Historic Neighborhood Rockgate Summerhill Wales Garden Historic Waverly Villages at Longtown Wheeler Hill WildeWood Winterwood Woodcreek Farms 1990 98,052 −3.1% U.S. Decennial Census[30] Columbia racial composition[31] Perc. White (non-Hispanic) 67,238 49.21% Black or African American (non-Hispanic) 52,038 38.09% Native American 301 0.22% Asian 4,152 3.04% Pacific Islander 113 0.08% Other/Mixed 4,687 3.43% Hispanic or Latino 8,103 5.93% As of the 2020 United States census, there were 136,632 people, 45,474 households, and 22,243 families residing in the city. As of the census of 2010, there were 129,272 people, 52,471 total households, and 22,638 families residing in the city. The population density was 928.6 people per square mile (358.5/km2). There were 46,142 housing units at an average density of 368.5 per square mile (142.3/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 51.27% White, 42.20% Black, 2.20% Asian, 0.25% Native American, 0.30% Pacific Islander, 1.50% from other races, and 2.00% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.30% of the population. There were 45,666 households, out of which 22.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 28.7% were married couples living together, 17.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 50.4% were nonfamilies. 38.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.18 and the average family size was 2.94. In the city, the population was spread out, with 20.1% under the age of 18, 22.9% from 18 to 24, 30.1% from 25 to 44, 16.6% from 45 to 64, and 10.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 29 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.4 males. The median income for a household in the city was $31,141, and the median income for a family was $39,589. Males had a median income of $30,925 versus $24,679 for females. The per capita income for the city was $18,853. About 17.0% of families and 22.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 29.7% of those under the age of 18 and 16.9% ages 65 or older. The Southern Baptist Convention has 241 congregations and 115,000 members. The United Methodist Church has 122 congregations and 51,000 members. The Evangelical Lutheran Church has 71 congregations and 25,400 members. The PC (USA) has 34 congregations and 15,000 members; the Presbyterian Church in America has 22 congregations and 8,000 members. Columbia is see city of the Episcopal Diocese of Upper South Carolina, and Trinity Episcopal Cathedral is located across the street from the state capitol. The Catholic Church has 14 parishes, including the Basilica of Saint Peter, the state's only minor basilica and the 85th church in the U.S. to receive this designation from the Vatican.[32] There are three Jewish synagogues. There are three different Islamic musjids providing places of worship for more than 600 Muslim families living in Columbia. There is one Greek Orthodox Church in Columbia. There are two Hindu Temples in the city, Hindu Temple of South Carolina and BAPS Shri Swaminarayan Mandir Columbia. First Citizens Bank building at the corner of Main and Lady streets Columbia enjoys a diversified economy, with the major employers in the area being South Carolina state government, the Palmetto Health hospital system, Blue Cross Blue Shield of South Carolina, Palmetto GBA, and the University of South Carolina. Other major employers in the Columbia area include Computer Sciences Corporation, Fort Jackson, the U.S. Army's largest and most active initial entry training installation,[33] Richland School District One, Humana/TriCare, and the United Parcel Service, which operates its Southeastern Regional Hub at the Columbia Metropolitan Airport. Major manufacturers such as Square D, CMC Steel, Spirax Sarco, Michelin, International Paper, Pirelli Cables, Honeywell, Westinghouse Electric, Harsco Track Tech, Trane, Intertape Polymer Group, Union Switch & Signal, FN Herstal, Solectron, and Bose Technology have facilities in the Columbia area. There are over 70 foreign affiliated companies and fourteen Fortune 500 companies in the region. Several companies have their global, continental, or national headquarters in Columbia, including Colonial Life & Accident Insurance Company, the second-largest supplemental insurance company in the nation; the Ritedose Corporation, a pharmaceutical industry services company; AgFirst Farm Credit Bank, the largest bank headquartered in the state with over $30 billion in assets (the non-commercial bank is part of the Farm Credit System, the largest agricultural lending organization in the United States which was established by Congress in 1916); South State Bank, the largest commercial bank headquartered in South Carolina; Nexsen Pruet, LLC, a multi-specialty business law firm in the Carolinas; Spectrum Medical, an international medical software company; Wilbur Smith Associates, a full-service transportation and infrastructure consulting firm; and Nelson Mullins, a major national law firm. CSC's Financial Services Group, a major provider of software and outsourcing services to the insurance industry, is headquartered in the Columbia suburb of Blythewood. Downtown revitalization Lady Street in the historic Congaree Vista district downtown The city of Columbia has recently accomplished a number of urban redevelopment projects and has several more planned.[34] The historic Congaree Vista, a 1,200-acre (5 km2) district running from the central business district toward the Congaree River, features a number of historic buildings that have been rehabilitated since its revitalization begun in the late 1980s. Of note is the adaptive reuse of the Confederate Printing Plant on Gervais and Huger, used to print Confederate bills during the American Civil War. The city cooperated with Publix grocery stores to preserve the look. This won Columbia an award from the International Downtown Association.[35] The Vista district is also where the region's convention center and anchor Hilton hotel with a Ruth's Chris Steakhouse restaurant are located. Other notable developments under construction and recently completed include high-end condos and townhomes, hotels, and mixed-use structures. A downtown lightpost banner heralds Columbia's "New Main Street" as part of an effort to reinfuse life and vitality into Main Street. The older buildings lining the Vista's main thoroughfare, Gervais Street, now house art galleries, restaurants, unique shops, and professional office space. Near the end of Gervais is the South Carolina State Museum and the EdVenture Children's Museum. Private student housing and some residential projects are going up nearby; the CanalSide development[36] at the site of the old Central Correctional Institution, is the most high-profile. Completed in 2018, CanalSide is a 23-acre mixed-use development in the Vista on the Congaree River and is home to 750 residential rental apartments: townhomes, condominiums and lofts. Lady Street between Huger and Assembly streets in the Vista and the Five Points neighborhood have undergone beautification projects, which mainly consisted of replacing curbs and gutters, and adding brick-paved sidewalks and angled parking. Special revitalization efforts are being aimed at Main Street, which began seeing an exodus of department and specialty stores in the 1990s. The goal is to re-establish Main Street as a vibrant commercial and residential corridor, and the stretch of Main Street home to most businesses—-from Gervais to Blanding streets—-has been streetscaped in recent years. Notable developments completed in recent years along Main Street include an 18-story, $60 million tower at the high-profile corner of Main and Gervais streets, the renovation of the 1441 Main Street office building as the new Midlands headquarters for Wells Fargo Bank (formerly Wachovia Bank), a new sanctuary for the Holy Trinity Greek Orthodox Church, the location of Mast General store in the historic Efird's building, and the relocation of the Nickelodeon theater. A façade improvement program for the downtown business district, implemented in 2011, has resulted in the restoration and improvement of the façades of several historic Main Street shopfronts. One of the most ambitious development projects in the city's history is currently underway which involves old state mental health campus downtown on Bull Street. Known formally as Columbia Common, this project will consist of rehabbing several historic buildings on the campus, as well as constructing new buildings, for residential, hospitality, and retail use.[37] A minor league baseball stadium was built on the campus in 2016. Named Segra Park, it is home to the Columbia Fireflies.[38] Fort Jackson is the U.S. Army's largest training post.[39] McEntire Joint National Guard Station is under command of the South Carolina Air National Guard. Columbia Museum of Art South Carolina State Museum in textile mill built in 1894 EdVenture Richland County Public Library Town Theatre is the country's oldest community theatre in continuous use. Located a block from the University of South Carolina campus, its playhouse is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Since 1917, the theatre has produced plays and musicals of wide general appeal. Trustus Theatre is Columbia's professional theatre company. Founded more than 20 years ago, Trustus brought a new dimension to theatre in South Carolina's capital city. Patrons have the opportunity to watch new shows directly from the stages of New York as well as classic shows rarely seen in Columbia. The Nickelodeon Theater is a 2 screen, store front theater located on Main Street between Taylor and Blanding Streets. In operation since 1979, "the Nick", run by the Columbia Film Society, is home to two film screenings each evening and an additional matinée three days a week. The Nick is the only non-profit art house film theater in South Carolina and is the home for 25,000 filmgoers each year. Columbia Marionette Theatre has the distinction of being the only free standing theatre in the nation devoted entirely to marionette arts. The South Carolina Shakespeare Company performs the plays of Shakespeare and other classical works throughout the state. Workshop Theatre of South Carolina opened in 1967 as a place where area directors could practice their craft. The theatre produces musicals and Broadway fare and also brings new theatrical material to Columbia. The South Carolina State Museum is a comprehensive museum with exhibits in science, technology, history, and the arts. It is the state's largest museum and one of the largest museums in the Southeast. The Columbia Museum of Art features changing exhibits throughout the year. Located at the corner of Hampton and Main Streets, the museum offers art, lectures, films, and guided tours. EdVenture is one of the South's largest children's museums and the second largest in South Carolina. It is located next to the South Carolina State Museum on Gervais Street. The museum allows children to explore and learn while having fun. McKissick Museum is located on the University of South Carolina campus. The museum features changing exhibitions of art, science, regional history, and folk art. The South Carolina Confederate Relic Room & Military Museum showcases an artifact collection from the Colonial period to the space age. The museum houses a diverse collection of artifacts from the South Carolina confederate period. It is located in the South Carolina State Museum building. The Richland County Public Library, named the 2001 National Library of the Year, serves area citizens through its main library and nine branches. The 242,000-square-foot (22,500 m2) main library has a large book collection, provides reference services, utilizes the latest technology, houses a children's collection, and displays artwork. The South Carolina State Library provides library services to all citizens of South Carolina through the interlibrary loan service utilized by the public libraries located in each county. The Columbia City Ballet is Columbia's ballet company, offering more than 80 major performances annually. Artistic director William Starrett, formerly of the Joffrey Ballet and American Ballet Theatre, runs the company.[40] The South Carolina Philharmonic Orchestra is Columbia's resident orchestra. The Philharmonic produces a full season of orchestral performances each year. Renowned musicians come to Columbia to perform as guest artists with the orchestra.[41] In April 2008 Morihiko Nakahara was named the new Music Director of the Philharmonic. The Columbia City Jazz Dance Company, formed in 1990 by artistic director Dale Lam, was named one of the "Top 50 Dance Companies in the USA" by Dance Spirit magazine. Columbia City Jazz specializes in modern, lyrical, and percussive jazz dance styles and has performed locally, regionally, and nationally in exhibitions, competitions, community functions, and international tours in Singapore, Plovdiv, Bulgaria, and Austria.[42] The Palmetto Opera debuted in 2003 with a performance of "Love, Murder & Revenge," a mixture of scenes from famous operas. The organization's mission is to present professional opera to the Midlands and South Carolina.[43] The Columbia Choral Society has been performing throughout the community since 1930. Under the direction of Dr. William Carswell, the group strives to stimulate and broaden interest in musical activities and to actively engage in the rehearsal and rendition of choral music. Alternacirque is a professional circus that produces variety shows and full-scale themed productions. Formed in 2007, Alternacirque is directed by Natalie Brown.[44][45] Busted Plug Plaza is the location of Busted Plug, the world's largest fire hydrant. The sculpture was erected in 2001 by Columbia artist known as Blue Sky. The sculpture is located on Taylor Street in downtown Columbia. Pocket Productions is an arts organization devoted to inspiring and expanding the arts community in Columbia, SC, through ArtRageous,[46] Playing After Dark[47] and other community-based collaborative events.[48] Movies filmed in the Columbia area include The Program, Renaissance Man, Chasers, Death Sentence, A Guy Named Joe, and Accidental Love/Nailed. Columbia Metropolitan Convention Center The Columbia Metropolitan Convention Center, which opened in September 2004 as South Carolina's only downtown convention center,[49] is a 142,500-square-foot (13,240 m2), modern, state-of-the-art facility designed to host a variety of meetings and conventions. Located in the historic Congaree Vista district, this facility is close to restaurants, antique and specialty shops, art galleries, and various nightlife venues. The main exhibit hall contains almost 25,000 square feet (2,300 m2) of space; the Columbia Ballroom over 18,000 square feet (1,700 m2); and the five meeting rooms ranging in size from 1500 to 4,000 square feet (400 m2) add another 15,000 square feet (1,400 m2) of space. The facility is located next to the Colonial Life Arena. Koger Center for the Arts Koger Center for the Arts provides Columbia with theatre, music, and dance performances that range from local acts to global acts.[50] The facility seats 2,256 persons. The center is named for philanthropists Ira and Nancy Koger, who made a substantial donation from personal and corporate funds for construction of the $15 million center. The first performance at the Koger Center was given by the London Philharmonic Orchestra and took place on Saturday, January 14, 1989. The facility is known for hosting diverse events, from the State of the State Address to the South Carolina Body Building Championship and the South Carolina Science Fair. Carolina Coliseum The Carolina Coliseum (1968) facing Assembly St. Carolina Coliseum, which opened in 1968, is a 12,401-seat facility which initially served as the home of the USC Gamecocks' basketball teams. The arena could be easily adapted to serve other entertainment purposes, including concerts, car shows, circuses, ice shows, and other events. The versatility and quality of the coliseum at one time allowed the university to use the facility for performing arts events such as the Boston Pops, Chicago Symphony, Feld Ballet, and other performances by important artists. An acoustical shell and a state-of-the-art lighting system assisted the coliseum in presenting such activities. The coliseum was the home of the Columbia Inferno, an ECHL team. However, since the construction of the Colonial Life Arena in 2002, the coliseum now is the center for the men's and women's basketball programs, with the center arena now housing the two main practice courts. Township Auditorium Township Auditorium seats 3,099 capacity and is located in downtown Columbia. The Georgian Revival building was designed by the Columbia architectural firm of Lafaye and Lafaye and constructed in 1930. The Township has hosted thousands of events from concerts to conventions to wrestling matches. The auditorium was listed in the National Register of Historic Places on September 28, 2005, and has recently undergone a $12 million extensive interior and exterior renovation.[51] Columbia sports teams SC Gamecocks football American football 1892 SEC Williams-Brice Stadium 80,250 SC Gamecocks women's basketball Basketball 1974 SEC Colonial Life Arena 18,000 SC Gamecocks men's basketball Basketball 1908 SEC Colonial Life Arena 18,000 Columbia Fireflies Baseball 2016 Low-A East Segra Park 9,077 SC United Bantams Soccer 2011 PDL Stone Stadium[o 1] Columbia Olde Grey Rugby Union 1967 USA Rugby Patton Stadium ^ The Bantams base of operations is in Greenwood, South Carolina, though the team plays several home games in Columbia. The most popular sports in Columbia are the sports programs at the University of South Carolina. Columbia also offers minor league, semi-pro, and amateur sports. In April 2017 the women's Gamecocks basketball team won the NCAA national championship, defeating Mississippi State 67–55.[52] Columbia has also hosted the women's U.S. Olympic Marathon Trials in 1996 and 2000[53] and the 2007 Junior Wildwater World Championships, which featured many European canoe and kayak racers.[54] The Colonial Life Arena has also hosted NBA exhibition games.[55] Williams-Brice Stadium is the home of the USC Gamecocks' football team and is the 24th largest college football stadium in the nation.[56] It seats 80,250 people and is located just south of downtown Columbia. The stadium was built in 1934 with the help of federal Works Progress Administration funds, and initially seated 17,600. The original name was Carolina Stadium, but on September 9, 1972, it was renamed to honor the Williams and Brice families. Mrs. Martha Williams-Brice had left much of her estate to the university for stadium renovations and expansions. Her late husband, Thomas H. Brice, played football for the university from 1922 to 1924. Colonial Life Arena Colonial Life Arena, opened in 2002, is Columbia's premier arena and entertainment facility.[citation needed] Seating 18,000 for college basketball, it is the largest arena in the state of South Carolina,[citation needed] and the tenth largest on-campus basketball facility in the nation,[citation needed] serving as the home of the men's and women's USC Gamecocks basketball teams. Located on the University of South Carolina campus, this facility features 41 suites, four entertainment suites, and the Frank McGuire Club, a full-service hospitality room with a capacity of 300. The facility has padded seating, a sound system, and a four-sided video scoreboard.[57] The $13 million Charlie W. Johnson Stadium is the home of Benedict College football and soccer. The structure was completed and dedicated in 2006 and seats 11,000 with a maximum capacity of 16,000. The Founders Park opened in 2009. Seating 8,400 permanently for college baseball and an additional 1,000 for standing room only, it is the largest baseball stadium in the state of South Carolina,[citation needed] and serves as the home of the University of South Carolina Gamecocks' baseball team. Located near Granby Park near downtown Columbia, this facility features entertainment suites, a picnic terrace, and a dining deck. The facility also features a sound system and scoreboard.[58] On January 6, 2015, developers broke ground on the $37 million Segra Park. The stadium is the home for the Columbia Fireflies, a Minor League Baseball team playing in the Low-A East. It opened in April 2016 and can seat up to 7,501 people. Columbia had been without minor league baseball since the Capital City Bombers relocated to Greenville, South Carolina, in 2004.[59] Finlay Park Finlay Park has hosted events from festivals and political rallies to road races and Easter Sunrise services. This 18-acre (73,000 m2) park has had two lives; first dedicated in 1859 as Sidney Park, named in honor of Algernon Sidney Johnson, a Columbia City Councilman, the park experienced an illustrious but short tenure. The park fell into disrepair after the Civil War and served as a site for commercial ventures until the late 20th century. In 1990, the park was reopened. It serves as the site for such events as Kids Day, The Summer Concert Series, plus many more activities. In 1992, the park was renamed Finlay Park, in honor of Kirkman Finlay, a past mayor of Columbia who had a vision to reenergize the historic Congaree Vista district, between Main Street and the river, and recreate the site that was formerly known as Sidney Park. The city has plans for an $18 million upgrade of the park in the near future which will include a redesigned parking lot near Laurel Street; a significant overhaul of the pond; construction of a pair of scenic streams; brand new shelters, restrooms, plazas, and performance stage; new waterfall features; and a new, large playground with a splash pad. Congaree National Park swamp boardwalk Memorial Park is a 4-acre (16,000 m2) tract of land in the Congaree Vista between Main Street and the river. The property is bordered by Hampton, Gadsden, Washington, and Wayne Streets and is one block south of Finlay Park. This park was created to serve as a memorial to those who served their country and presently has monuments honoring the USS Columbia warship and those that served with her during World War II, the China-Burma-India Theater Veterans of WWII, casualties of the Pearl Harbor attack of December 7, 1941, who were from South Carolina, Holocaust survivors who live in South Carolina as well as concentration camp liberators from South Carolina, and the State Vietnam War Veterans. The park was dedicated in November 1986 along with the unveiling of the South Carolina Vietnam Monument. In June 2000, the Korean War Memorial was dedicated at Memorial Park. In November 2014, Columbia native and resident of Boston, Henry Crede, gave a bronze statue and plaza in the park dedicated to his WWII comrades who served in the Navy from South Carolina. Granby Park opened in November 1998 as a gateway to the rivers of Columbia, adding another access to the many river activities available to residents. Granby is part of the Three Rivers Greenway, a system of green spaces along the banks of the rivers in Columbia, adding another piece to the long-range plan and eventually connecting to the existing Riverfront Park. Granby is a 24-acre (97,000 m2) linear park with canoe access points, fishing spots, bridges, and ½ mile of nature trail along the banks of the Congaree River. In the Five Points district of downtown Columbia is the park dedicated to the legacy and memory of civil rights leader, Martin Luther King Jr. Formerly known as Valley Park, it was renamed in the late 1980s. The park features a water sculpture and a community center. An integral element of the park is the Stone of Hope monument, unveiled in January 1996. The monument is inscribed with a portion of King's 1964 Nobel Peace Prize acceptance speech: "History is cluttered with the wreckage of nations and individuals that pursued that self-defeating path of hate. Love is the key to the solutions of the problems of the world." One of Columbia's greatest assets is Riverbanks Zoo & Garden. Riverbanks Zoo is a sanctuary for more than 2,000 animals housed in natural habitat exhibits along the Saluda River. Just across the river, the 70-acre (280,000 m2) botanical garden is devoted to gardens, woodlands, plant collections, and historic ruins. Riverbanks has been named one of America's best zoos[60] and the No. 1 travel attraction in the Southeast.[61] It attracted over one million visitors in 2009.[62] Situated along the meandering Congaree River in central South Carolina, Congaree National Park is home to champion trees, primeval forest landscapes, and diverse plant and animal life. This 22,200-acre (90 km2) park protects the largest contiguous tract of old-growth bottomland hardwood forest remaining in the United States. The park is an international biosphere reserve. Known for its giant hardwoods and towering pines, the park's floodplain forest includes one of the highest canopies in the world and some of the tallest trees in the eastern United States. Congaree National Park provides a sanctuary for plants and animals, a research site for scientists, and a place to walk and relax in a tranquil wilderness setting. Sesquicentennial State Park is a 1,419-acre (6 km2) park, featuring a 30-acre (120,000 m2) lake surrounded by trails and picnic areas. The park's proximity to downtown Columbia and three major interstate highways attracts both local residents and travelers. Sesquicentennial is often the site of family reunions and group campouts. Interpretive nature programs are a major attraction to the park. The park also contains a two-story log house, dating back to the mid 18th century, which was relocated to the park in 1969. This house is believed to be the oldest building still standing in Richland County. The park was originally built by the Civilian Conservation Corps in the 1930s. Evidence of their craftsmanship is still present today. In November 1996, the River Alliance proposed that a 12-mile (19 km) linear park system be created to link people to their rivers. This was named the Three Rivers Greenway, and the $18 million estimated cost was agreed to by member governments (the cities of Cayce, Columbia, and West Columbia) with the proviso that the Alliance recommend an acceptable funding strategy. While the funding process was underway, an existing city of Columbia site located on the Congaree River offered an opportunity to be a pilot project for the Three Rivers Greenway. The Alliance was asked to design and permit for construction by a general contractor this component. This approximately one-half-mile segment of the system was opened in November 1998. It is complete with 8-foot (2.4 m) wide concrete pathways, vandal-proof lighting, trash receptacles, water fountains, picnic benches, overlooks, bank fishing access, canoe/kayak access, a public restroom and parking. These set the standards for the common elements in the rest of the system. Eventually, pathways will run from Granby to the Riverbanks Zoo. Boaters, sportspeople, and fisherpeople will have access to the area, and additional recreational uses are being planned along the miles of riverfront. Esplanade at Columbia Canal Lake Murray Dam Running beside the historic Columbia Canal, Riverfront Park hosts a two and a half-mile trail. Spanning the canal is an old railway bridge that now is a pedestrian walkway. The park is used for walking, running, bicycling, and fishing. Picnic tables and benches dot the walking trail. Markers are located along the trail so that visitors can measure distance. The park is part of the Palmetto Trail, a hiking and biking trail that stretches the entire length of the state, from Greenville to Charleston. Other parks in the Columbia area include: W. Gordon Belser Arboretum Maxcy Gregg Park Hyatt Park Earlewood Park Granby Park Owens Field Park Guignard Park Southeast Park Harbison State Forest Columbia City Hall The city of Columbia has a council-manager form of government. The mayor and city council are elected every four years, with no term limits. Elections are held in the spring. Unlike other mayors in council-manager systems, the Columbia mayor has the power to veto ordinances passed by the council; vetoes can be overridden by a two-thirds majority of the council, which appoints a city manager to serve as chief administrative officer. The current mayor is Daniel Rickenmann, who succeeded Stephen K. Benjamin on January 4, 2022. The city council consists of six members, four from districts and two elected at-large. The city council is responsible for making policies and enacting laws, rules, and regulations in order to provide for future community and economic growth, in addition to providing the necessary support for the orderly and efficient operation of city services. Tameika Isaac Devine Howard Duvall Jr. 1: Sam Davis 2: Edward McDowell, Jr. 3: Will Brennan 4: Daniel J. Rickenmann See related article Past mayors of Columbia, South Carolina The city's police force is the Columbia Police Department. The chief of police answers to the city manager. Presently, the chief of police is W.H. "Skip" Holbrook; Holbrook was sworn in on April 11, 2014.[63] The South Carolina Department of Corrections, headquartered in Columbia,[64] operates several correctional facilities in Columbia. They include the Broad River Correctional Institution,[65] the Goodman Correctional Institution,[66] the Camille Griffin Graham Correctional Institution,[67] the Stevenson Correctional Institution,[68] and the Campbell Pre-Release Center.[69] Graham houses the state's female death row.[70] The state of South Carolina's execution chamber is located at Broad River. From 1990 to 1997, Broad River housed the state's male death row.[71] Columbia is home to the main campus of the University of South Carolina, which was chartered in 1801 as South Carolina College and in 1906 as the University of South Carolina.[72] The university has 350 degree programs and enrolls 31,964 students throughout fifteen degree-granting colleges and schools.[73] It is an urban university, located in downtown Columbia. It is home to the Darla Moore School of Business, which has had the No. 1 undergraduate international business degree for 20 consecutive years.[74] Columbia is also home to: Allen University – Allen University was founded in 1870 by the African Methodist Episcopal Church. Allen University is accredited by the Commission on Colleges of the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS) to award baccalaureate degrees.[75] Benedict College – Founded in 1870, Benedict is an independent coeducational college. Benedict is one of the fastest growing of the 39 United Negro College Fund schools. In addition to an increase in enrollment, Benedict has also seen an increase in average SAT scores, Honors College enrollee rates, capital giving dollars, and the number of research grants awarded. Recently, Benedict has been subject to a series of recent controversies, including basing up to 60 percent of grades solely on effort,[76] which have nearly resulted in its losing its accreditation. However, in recent months the college has improved its financial standing and is seeking to boost its enrollment. Columbia College – Founded in 1854, Columbia College is a private, four-year, liberal arts college for women with a coeducational Evening College and Graduate School. The college has been ranked since 1994 by U.S. News & World Report as one of the top ten regional liberal arts colleges in the South. Columbia International University is a biblically based, private Christian institution committed to "preparing men and women to know Christ and to make Him known." ECPI University has specialized in student-centered technology, business, criminal justice, and health science for 47 years – A leading private university offering master's, bachelor's, associate degree and diploma programs. Continuing Education certification programs are also available. ECPI University is accredited by the Commission on Colleges of the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools to award associate, baccalaureate, and master's degrees and diploma programs. ECPI University Columbia campus also has programmatic accreditation for Medical Assisting with the Accrediting Bureau of Health Education Schools. Lutheran Theological Southern Seminary – This institution, founded in 1830, is a seminary of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America. One of the oldest Lutheran seminaries in North America, Southern is a fully accredited graduate school of theology preparing women and men for the ordained and lay ministries of the church. The wooded 17-acre (69,000 m2) campus is situated atop Seminary Ridge in Columbia, the highest point in the Midlands area, near the geographic center of the city. Midlands Technical College – Midlands Tech is part of the South Carolina Technical College System. It is a two-year, comprehensive, public, community college, offering a wide variety of programs in career education, four-year college-transfer options, and continuing education. Small classes, individualized instruction, and student support services are provided. Most of the college's teaching faculty holds master's or doctoral degrees. Fortis College[77] – Fortis College is part of the Educational Affiliates Inc, and offers many different career-based degrees. South Carolina School of Leadership – Established in 2006, South Carolina School of Leadership (SCSL) is a post-secondary "gap year" school with an intense focus on Christian discipleship and leadership development.[78] SCSL uses curriculum from Southeastern University. Virginia College[79] – Virginia College received senior college recognition from the Accrediting Council for Independent Colleges and Schools (ACICS) which now accredits all programs at the school's campuses Columbia is also the site of several extension campuses, including those for Erskine Theological Seminary, South University, and the University of Phoenix. Ben Lippen School Bethel Learning Centers Central Carolina Christian Academy Cutler Jewish Day School Colonial Christian Academy Covenant Classical Christian School Glenforest School Grace Christian School Hammond School Harmony School Heathwood Hall Heritage Christian Academy Islamic Academy of Columbia Montessori School of Columbia Northside Christian Academy Palmetto Baptist Academy Sandhills School Saint John Neumann Catholic School Saint Joseph Catholic School Saint Martin de Porres Catholic School Saint Peter's Catholic School Timmerman School V.V. Reid Elementary Richland County School District One Richland County School District Two Lexington & Richland County School District Five Lexington County School District One Lexington County School District Two Lexington County School District Three Lexington County School District Four See also: List of newspapers in South Carolina, List of radio stations in South Carolina, and List of television stations in South Carolina Columbia's daily newspaper is The State.[80] The Post and Courier of Charleston, which bought the alt weekly "Free Times,"[81] also circulates in the city, and the "Free Times" has become an insert in its editions. Cola Daily,[82] is a digital newsroom affiliated with Midlands Media Group, which also owns two radio stations. Alternative newspapers include The Columbia Star,[83] Carolina Panorama Newspaper,[84] and SC Black News.[85] Columbia Metropolitan Magazine[86] is a bi-monthly publication about news and events in the metropolitan area. Greater Columbia Business Monthly[87] highlights economic development, business, education, and the arts. Q-Notes,[88] a bi-weekly newspaper serving the LGBT community and published in Charlotte, is distributed to locations in Columbia and via home delivery. Columbia is home to the headquarters and production facilities of South Carolina Educational Television and South Carolina Public Radio, the state's public television and public radio networks.[89] Columbia has the 78th largest television market in the United States.[90] Network affiliates include WIS (NBC), WLTX (CBS), WACH (FOX) and WOLO (ABC). Radio stations in the Columbia, South Carolina Metropolitan Area By AM frequency By FM frequency LPFM by frequency & subchannel 100.1-1 By call sign KLVR W219CY W235CH W241DJ W250CG W259CL W264DF W286CT W288CX W296EI WARQ WBAJ WCEO WCFJ WCOS WCOS-FM WDEK WFMV WHXT WISW WJTB-FM WLJI WLTR WLTY WLXC WMFX WNKT WNOK WOMG WPCO WQXL WRJA-FM WROP-LP WSCZ WTCB WUDE WUSC WVOC WWDM WXBT WXRY-LP WYFV WZJO-LP WZMJ Greenville-Spartanburg List of radio stations in South Carolina Broadcast television in the Midlands of South Carolina, including Columbia Reception may vary by location and some stations may only be viewable with cable television WIS (10.1 NBC, 10.2 CW, 10.3 Bounce, 10.4 Circle) WLTX (19.1 CBS, 19.2 True Crime, 19.3 Decades, 19.4 Quest, 19.5 Twist, 19.6 Shop LC) WOLO-TV (25.1 ABC, 25.2 Start, 25.3 QVC, 25.4 MeTV, 25.5 H&I, 25.6 Dabl, 25.7 GetTV, 25.8 HSN) WRJA-TV 27 / WRLK-TV 35 (xx.1 PBS/SCETV, xx.2 Create/SCC, xx.3 ETV World, xx.4 ETV Kids) WZRB (47.1 Ion, 47.2 Court TV, 47.3 Mystery, 47.4 Grit, 47.5 Defy, 47.6 TrueReal, 47.7 Newsy) WKDC-LD (50.1 Daystar) WACH (57.1 Fox, 57.2 TBD, 57.3 Charge!, 57.4 Comet) WKTC (63.1 MNTV, 63.2 TMD, 63.3 Cozi, 63.4 Laff, 63.5 Mystery, 63.6 Court TV, 63.7 Grit) Defunct channels WCOS-TV 25 W67DP 67 Augusta TV Charleston TV Charlotte TV Greenville/Spartanburg/Asheville TV Myrtle Beach/Florence TV A COMET transit bus in downtown Columbia Bicycles available for rental in downtown Columbia The Comet, officially the Central Midlands Regional Transit Authority, is the agency responsible for operating mass transit in the greater Columbia area including Cayce, West Columbia, Forest Acres, Arcadia Lakes, Springdale, Lexington[91] and the St. Andrews area. COMET operates express shuttles, as well as bus service serving Columbia and its immediate suburbs. The authority was established in October 2002 after SCANA released ownership of public transportation back to the city of Columbia. Since 2003, COMET has provided transportation for more than 2 million passengers, has expanded route services, and introduced 43 new ADA accessible buses offering a safer, more comfortable means of transportation. CMRTA has also added 10 natural gas powered buses to the fleet. COMET went under a name change and rebranding project in 2013. Before then, the system was called the Columbia Metropolitan Rapid Transit Association or "CMRTA".[92] Additionally, Blue Cross Blue Shield provides rental bicycles in downtown Columbia.[93] The Central Midlands Council of Governments is in the process of investigating the potential for rail transit in the region. Routes into downtown Columbia originating from Camden, Newberry, and Batesburg-Leesville are in consideration, as is a potential line between Columbia and Charlotte connecting the two mainlines of the future Southeastern High Speed Rail Corridor.[94][95][96][97] The Lincoln Street Tunnel - A pedestrian and bicycle-only tunnel converted from a former railroad tunnel, which crosses under Lincoln, Washington, and Hampton Streets. Columbia's central location between the population centers of South Carolina has made it a transportation focal point with three interstate highways and one interstate spur. Interstates: I-26 Interstate 26 travels from northwest to southeast and connects Columbia to the other two major population centers of South Carolina: the Greenville-Spartanburg area in the northwestern part of the state and North Charleston – Charleston area in the southeastern part of the state. It also serves the nearby towns and suburbs of Irmo, Harbison, Gaston, and Swansea. I-20 Interstate 20 travels from west to east and connects Columbia to Atlanta and Augusta in the west and Florence in the east. It serves the nearby towns and suburbs of Pelion, Lexington, West Columbia, the Sandhill region, Pontiac, Elgin, Lugoff, and Camden. Interstate 20 is also used by travelers heading to Myrtle Beach, although the interstate's eastern terminus is in Florence. I-77 (William Earle Berne Beltway) Interstate 77 begins at a junction with Interstate 26 south of Columbia and travels north to Rock Hill and Charlotte. This interstate also provides direct access to Fort Jackson, the U.S. Army's largest training base and one of Columbia's largest employers. It serves the nearby towns and suburbs of Forest Acres, Gadsden, and Blythewood. I-126 Interstate 126 begins downtown at Elmwood Avenue and travels west towards Interstate 26 and Interstate 20. It provides access to Riverbanks Zoo. US routes: U.S. 1 U.S. 21 U.S. 176 State highways: The city and its surroundings are served by Columbia Metropolitan Airport (IATA: CAE, ICAO: KCAE, FAA LID: CAE). The airport itself is serviced by American Eagle, Delta Connection, and United Express airlines. In addition, the city is also served by the much smaller Jim Hamilton–L.B. Owens Airport (IATA: CUB, ICAO: KCUB, FAA LID: CUB) located in the Rosewood neighborhood. It serves as the county airport for Richland County and offers general aviation. Intercity rail The city is served daily by Amtrak station, with the Silver Star trains connecting Columbia with New York City, Washington, DC, Savannah, Jacksonville, Orlando, Tampa, and Miami. The station is located at 850 Pulaski St. Until 1959 the Southern Railway's Skyland Special (Asheville, North Carolina - Jacksonville, Florida) made a stop in Columbia's Union Station. Until 1966 the Southern Railway's Augusta Special went north from Columbia Union Station to New York City via Charlotte, North Carolina and went west to Augusta, Georgia's Union Station, where passengers could make connections to Georgia Railroad trains to Atlanta, Georgia. The Charleston branch of the Southern's Carolina Special made a stop in Columbia.[98][99] Until 1954 a regional Atlantic Coast Line Railroad train went to Florence and Wilmington.[100][101] Intercity bus Greyhound Lines formerly operated a station on Gervais Street, in the eastern part of downtown, providing Columbia with intercity bus transportation. The station relocated to 710 Buckner Road in February 2015.[102] MegaBus began operations in Columbia in 2015. There routes include stops in Atlanta, Fayetteville, North Carolina, Richmond, Virginia, Washington, DC, and New York City, New York. The station is located on Sumter Street. Prisma Health Baptist Hospital The Sisters of Charity Providence Hospitals is sponsored by the Sisters of Charity of Saint Augustine Health System, a non-profit organization licensed for 304 beds which operates four hospitals, including Providence Hospital in downtown Columbia founded in 1938, Providence Heart Institute, Providence Hospital Northeast, and Providence Orthopaedic and NeuroSpine Institute.[citation needed] Prisma Health-Midlands is a non-profit organization operating Prisma Health Richland, Prisma Health Baptist Hospital, and Prisma Health Children's Hospital, which specializes in cardiac care.[citation needed] Lexington Medical Center, opened in 1971, is a network of hospitals and urgent care centers located throughout Lexington County, with one location in Columbia.[citation needed] The Wm. Jennings Bryan Dorn VA Medical Center is a 216-bed facility, encompassing acute medical, surgical, psychiatric, and long-term care.[103] Renewable energy and climate goals Attaining 100 percent clean and renewable energy by 2036 is incorporated into the city's 67 climate goals. Projects include a solar farm to provide power for the wastewater treatment plant, an updated water metering system, reduction of water leaks, and replacement of polluting, city-owned vehicles.[104] Main article: List of people from Columbia, South Carolina Columbia has been the recipient of several awards and achievements. In October 2009, Columbia was listed in U.S. News & World Report as one of the best places to retire, citing location and median housing price as key contributors.[105] As of July 2013 Columbia was named one of "10 Great Cities to Live In" by Kiplinger Magazine. Most recently, the city has been named a top mid-sized market in the nation for relocating families,[106] as well as one of 30 communities named "America's Most Livable Communities," an award given by the non-profit Partners for Livable Communities. The city of Columbia has seven sister cities:[107] Kaiserslautern, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany Chelyabinsk, Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia Yibin, Sichuan, China Columbia High School (Columbia, South Carolina) Columbia, Newberry and Laurens Railroad, historic railroad Columbia Record, former afternoon daily newspaper Columbia Speedway Columbia South Carolina Temple, an operating temple of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints Columbia Theological Seminary, formerly in Columbia, South Carolina, now in Decatur, Georgia George Stinney, youngest person to be executed in the United States ^ Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.e. the expected highest and lowest temperature readings at any point during the year or given month) calculated based on data at said location from 1991 to 2020. ^ Official records for Columbia were kept at downtown from June 1887 to December 1947, and at Columbia Airport since January 1948. 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Retrieved May 14, 2021. ^ "WMO Climate Normals for COLUMBIA/METRO ARPT SC 1961–1990". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved September 4, 2016. ^ United States Census Bureau. "Census of Population and Housing". Archived from the original on April 26, 2015. Retrieved June 13, 2013. ^ "Explore Census Data". data.census.gov. Retrieved December 13, 2021. ^ Thompson, Claude. "Columbia's St. Peter's Catholic Church named minor basilica by the Vatican". www.wistv.com. ^ Fort Jackson South Carolina Archived June 16, 2010, at the Wayback Machine. Jackson.army.mil. Retrieved on September 29, 2010. ^ "Archives – Selling the North Columbia TIF, City Council Members Push On". Free Times. Archived from the original on July 11, 2011. Retrieved September 14, 2014. ^ HSD, Inc. Archived July 12, 2011, at the Wayback Machine Holmessmith.com (September 12, 2005). Retrieved on 2010-09-29. ^ "CanalSide development". Canalside Lofts - Apartment Homes in Downtown Columbia, SC. 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Columbia, South Carolinaat Wikipedia's sister projects Municipalities and communities of Lexington County, South Carolina, United States County seat: Lexington Cayce‡ Columbia‡ Batesburg-Leesville‡ Irmo‡ South Congaree Fairview Crossroads South Carolina portal Municipalities and communities of Richland County, South Carolina, United States County seat: Columbia Arcadia Lakes Blythewood‡ Arthurtown Dentsville Lake Murray of Richland Wateree State of South Carolina Columbia (capital) Atlantic Coastal Plain Grand Strand High Hills of Santee Lake Murray Country Metrolina Ninety-Six District Olde English District Sandhills Sea Islands Seal of South Carolina Bennettsville Cayce Batesburg-Leesville Hardeeville Kingstree Pageland Sullivan's Island Carolina Forest Five Forks Ladson Socastee Wade Hampton Colleton Census areas Congressional districts Capitals of the United States by jurisdiction US Washington, D.C. AL Montgomery AK Juneau AZ Phoenix AR Little Rock CA Sacramento CO Denver CT Hartford DE Dover FL Tallahassee GA Atlanta HI Honolulu ID Boise IL Springfield IN Indianapolis IA Des Moines KS Topeka KY Frankfort LA Baton Rouge ME Augusta MD Annapolis MA Boston MI Lansing MN Saint Paul MS Jackson MO Jefferson City MT Helena NE Lincoln NV Carson City NH Concord NJ Trenton NM Santa Fe NY Albany NC Raleigh ND Bismarck OH Columbus OK Oklahoma City OR Salem PA Harrisburg RI Providence SC Columbia SD Pierre TN Nashville TX Austin UT Salt Lake City VT Montpelier VA Richmond WA Olympia WV Charleston WI Madison WY Cheyenne Territories: AS Pago Pago GU Hagåtña MP Saipan PR San Juan VI Charlotte Amalie 1787 establishments in South Carolina Cities in Lexington County, South Carolina Cities in Richland County, South Carolina Cities in South Carolina Columbia metropolitan area (South Carolina) County seats in South Carolina Planned cities in the United States	cc/2022-05/en_head_0000.json.gz/line387
__label__wiki	0.769422	0.769422	Hon. Douglas H. Ginsburg Oral History Index Oral History of Judge Douglas H. Ginsburg Index Abraham, Spencer, 25 Adams, Sherman, 151 Administrative Procedure Act (APA), 147, 154, 157, 216, 218 Chevron (case), 149-50 public comment, 139-40 Agent Orange, 138 Airline Deregulation Act, 25 Aitken, Steve, 57, 79 Alchian, Armen, 124 Alito, Samuel, 112, 202-04 Amar, Akhil, 109 American Bar Association (ABA), 123-24, 137 American Enterprise Institute, 24 American Law Institute (ALI), 7 Angell, Marcia, 109 antitrust, 5-9, 11, 22, 27, 32, 39, 45 47, 57, 75, 79, 97, 119-24, 156, 158-60, 163, 170-71, 196-97 law, 43, 45, 159122-23, 174, 178 price squeeze argument, 174 Antitrust Law: An Analysis of Antitrust Principles and Their Application (Areeda and Hovenkamp), 175 Areeda, Phil, 22, 24, 123 Arnold, Morris, 118 Association of American Law Schools (AALS), 17, 50, 102, 148 AT&T, 30, 43-44, 152, 174 Modification of Final Judgment, 43 satellite and microwave transmission, 43 waivers, 30-31, 44 See also Greene, Harold Averch-Johnson hypothesis, 30 Azcuenaga, Mary, 159 Babbitt, Bruce, 131 Baden, John, 127-28, 131-32, 134 Bailey, Liz, 25 Baker, Don, 158 Baker, Jim, 45 Baldridge, Mac, 34, 46 Barak, Aharon, 23 Barkett, Rosemary, 189 Barry, Marion, 168 Batchelder, 131, 134 Battelle Institute, 127-28 Baxter, Bill, 27-29, 39, 41 Bazelon, David, 8, 101, 103 Becker, Gary, 3 Bell Atlantic, 174 Bell, Griffin, 121-22 Berkeley Law School, 18, 20, 58-59, 80-81 BeVier, Lillian, 52 Beyond the 100th Parallel (Powell), 127 Bial, Joe, 170 Boggs, Danny, 128, 130-31, 133 Bok, Derek, 24 Bork, Robert, 50, 101 Boudin, Mike, 5 Boulton, Rick Warren, 42 boycott (FTC case), 158 Boyd, David, 9 Brady Center, 193 Brannon, Leah, 170 Brennan, William, 13, 15 Breyer, Steve, 24, 51-52, 109, 123, 173 Brooklyn Law School, 59 Brown, Janice Rogers, 63, 85, 179 Brudney, Victor, 23 Bryson, Bill, 10, 14 Buckley, Frank, 109 Buckley, James, 63, 85 Burger, Warren, 13-14 Burt, Bo, 18 Bush, George H.W., 38 Bybee, Jay, 112 Byrd, Robert, 51 cable television, 148, 151-52 affirmative action, 36 broadcasting, 156 Cable Television Association, 36 ownership rule, 154-56 Calabresi, Steve, 25 Cannon, Steve, 51 Capitalism and Freedom (Friedman), 22 Carr, Ron, 6-7, 14, 27 Carter, Jimmy, 26, 101, 140 Case Western Law Review, 173, 179 Cato Institute, 124 CFR See Code of Federal Regulations Challenger (space vehicle), 181 Cheney, Richard, 114 Clark, Bob, 24, 49 Clark, Penny, 14 Clayton Act, 45 Clean Air Act, 141, 143 Clean Water Act, 141 Cleary Gottlieb, 170 Clement, Joy, 131 Coase, Ronald, 3, 7, 132 Code of Federal Regulations(CFR), 44 Collar-Kotelly, Colleen, 167-68 Collyer, Rosemary, 179 Colorado Law Review, 197 Columbia Law School, 58, 80, 120-21 Communications Act of 1934, 154 Community Rights Counsel, 133 Cornell University, 2, 120, 122, 125 Court of Federal Claims, 76, 98 Covington & Burling, 4, 5, 9, 13, 170 Cox, Archie, 20, 122 D’Amato, Al, 52 Darman, Dick, 35 Davis, Andre, 131, 133-34 Demsetz, Harold, 124 DeMuth, Chris, 24, 32, 38, 57, 79, 221-22 Diamond, Peter, 25 Dingell, John, 35-36, 54, 182 Dole, Bob, 51 Donaldson, William, 215 Douglas, William, 13 Dunlop, John, 25 Easterbrook, Frank, 6, 51, 63, 85 Economic Policy Council, 45 Edwards, Harry, 88, 97, 101-04, 113-15, 125-26, 148, 162, 172 case management plan, 66 Chief Judge, 75, 102-04, 107-08, 113 collegiality, 111 Harvard Law School, 20 EEOC See U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission Eisenhower, Dwight, 151 Elzinga, Ken, 170 Environmental Defense Fund, 130 Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), 35-36, 125, 136, 141-43, 190, 214, 216, 218, 220 General Motors (case), 101 National Ambient Air Quality Standard, 144 Epstein, Richard, 3, 7, 21, 123 Ethics in Government Act, 136 Executive Office of the President, 57, 79, 140 Facebook, 166 Fairness Doctrine, 152 Federal Communications Commission (FCC), 21, 28, 30-31, 44, 47, 122, 125, 148, 150, 155 competition, 152, 178 Fox Television Stations (case), 153 Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC), 68, 90, 150, 178 Federal Judicial Center, 112 Federal Register, 35, 216 Federal Trade Commission (FTC), 28, 41, 51, 68, 90, 124, 158-59, 170, 177-79 Federalist Society, 25 First Amendment, 37, 136, 158-59, 194 Fishburne, Laurence, 12, 16 Fisher, Roger, 23 Fiss, Owen, 4-5, 16, 18, 76, 98 Food and Drug Administration, 183 Ford River Rouge Complex, 188 Foundation for Research on Economics and the Environment, 126, 128, 131-133, 135 Fourth Amendment, 198, 200, 202-04 technology, 203 Fowler, Mark, 152 Fox Television, 153 Frank, Barney, 21 Frederick, David, 171 FREE See Foundation for Research on Economics and the Environment Freedman, James O., 17 Freedom of Information Act, 105, 180-81, 183 exemptions, 181 Friedman, Paul, 178 Friedman, Danny, 104 Friedman, Milton, 22 Garland, Merrick, 111, 172 George Mason University, 108-09, 120-22, 124, 137 Gesell, Gerhard, 9 Getman, Julius, 188 Ginsburg, Douglas H. (Personal) Berkeley, 17-18 Chicago, 1, 18-19, 22, 25, 57, 59, 69, 76, 78, 79, 80-82, 91, 98, 103, 132 Cornell University, 2 Ginsburg, Maurice (father), 1 Harvard Law School, 7, 17 New York State School of Industrial and Labor Relations, 2 summer job Covington & Burling, 5 University of Chicago Law School, 3, 17, 22, 24, 47, 98, 127 Law Review, 6, 7, 63, 85, 102 University of Pennsylvania, 17 University of Virginia, 17 Yale, 17 Ginsburg, Douglas H. (Professional) American Bar Association judicial liaison, 123 bench memoranda, 65 Case Western Law Review, 173 Chief Judge budget, 115 caseload, 114 circuit conference, 114 construction of new building, 115 collegiality, 102, 107-08, 111 concurring opinions, 73, 95, 173 deputy, 42, 44 disposition memorandum, 67 Federalist Society, 25 assistant professor, 5, 7, 22, 25, 40, 42 judicial nomination and appointment and confirmation, 47 law clerks communications among, 76 hiring of law clerks, 56, 58-59, 78 relationship with after clerkship, 76, 98 reunions, 49, 77, 99 role in drafting opinions, 62, 64 law clerk for Judge Carl McGowan, 9 recusal, 14,-5 Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs (OIRA) agenda, 34 relations with White House, 33 opinion-writing process, 69 per curiam opinions, 67, 75, 89, 97 Regulatory Review Program, 102 research assistant, 4 seminar on regulation of broadcasting, 20 style of writing opinions, 62 teaching, 4, 5, 18-19, 49, 69, 82, 91, 119-20, 122-23, 188 administrative law, 23 antitrust, 22 Columbia Law School, 58, 120-21 labor law, 47 Economic Regulation of Business, 21, 123 George Mason Scalia School of Law, 120 Harvard Law School, 8, 20, 32, 48 New York University Law School, 58, 61, 121 Readings in Legal Thought, 120 Regulation of Broadcasting, 21, 122 Regulation of Financial Institutions, 21, 24 University of Chicago Law School, 17, 58, 135 University of Chicago, 3,19, 58, 80-81, 204 U.S. Department of Justice Assistant Attorney General, 7, 26, 43, 54, 211 Deputy Assistant Attorney General, 26 Ginsburg, Ruth Bader, 101, 107, 117 Goodrich, Pierre, 127 Gordon, Robert, 57 Gray, Boyden, 38 Greene, Harold, 16, 29-31, 43-44, 152, 207, 211 Greene, Ron, 16 Griffith, Thomas, 199 Guantanamo, 182-83 habeas corpus, 184 Habicht, Hank, 29 Harvard Law School, 16-20, 22-27, 51, 79-81, 109, 119-20, 122-23, 125-26, 130, 138, 168, 170 Edwards, Harry, 20 faculty political divisions, 26-27 Federalist Society, 25-26 Harvard Journal of Law and Public Policy, 25 Harvard Law Record, 23 Harvard Project on Deregulation, 24 Hastie, Bill, 10 Hatch, Orrin, 37 Hayek, Friedrich, 128 Henderson, Karen, 55, 101, 116 high-tech (digital) markets, 166 Hogan, Thomas, 110 Holder, Eric, 212 IBM, 27-29 ILR. See New York State School of Industrial Relations intermediate scrutiny, 191, 19-95 Interstate Commerce Commission, 37 Iran-Contra, 71, 93, 207, 209-10 Jackson, Thomas Penfield, 75, 167 Jones, Edith, 131, 134 Judicial Code of Ethics, 133 Judicial Conference of the United States, 130, 133 regulations on honoraria, 137 Justus, Ralph, 41 Kagan, Donald, 2 Kagan, Elena, 16 Kahn, Fred, 25 Kalven, Harry, 3, 7 Katzenbach, Nick, 27 Kaufman, Irving, 57 Kavanaugh, Brett, 191, 194, 197-98, 206 Keeton, Bob, 23 Kellogg Huber, 77, 99 Kendall, Douglas, 133-35 Kennedy School of Government, 123, 130 Kennedy, Anthony, 203 Kennedy, Duncan, 23 Kennedy, Ted, 24-25, 32, 36, 51-52 Kerr, Orin, 202 Klein, Benjamin, 124 Klein, Joel, 14, 171 Kleinfeld, Andrew, 199 Konvitz, Milton, 2 Korologos, Tom, 52 Kurland, Philip, 4, 7 Lamberth, Royce, 110 Lane, Ken, 216 Leon, Richard, 205 Leventhal, Harold, 8, 10, 18, 62, 84, 100-01, 140, 145, 173 Levi, Edward, 6, 7 Liberty Fund, 127-28 Liebeler, Susan, 56 Liebeler, Wesley, 57 linear dose-response assumption, 144 Lockwood, Peter, 4 Lubbers, Jeff, 3 MacKinnon, George, 8, 100 Manhunt (Swanson), 56 Manne, Henry, 120, 126-27 Markman, Steve, 47 Marshall, Thurgood, 4-5, 7, 10-16, 20 storyteller/raconteur, 15 Martin, John Bartlow, 8 Massachusetts Board of Optometry (FTC opinion), 177-78 Mayer, Brown, and Platt, 3 McGowan, Carl, 4, 14, 16, 49, 62, 64, 84, 86, 100, 147, 161 law clerk reunions, 8, 27 McGrath, Paul, 39 McIntosh, David, 25 Meese, Ed, 39, 43 Melamed, Doug, 171 Meltzer, Bernie, 3, 20 Mentschikoff, Soia, 126 Metzenbaum, Howard, 41, 52 Meyer, Gene, 25 Microsoft, 163, 167-72 monopolization, 169 See also Microsoft (case) Mikva, Abner, 48, 71, 74, 85, 92, 96, 101-03, 104-08, 113, 117, 135, 148-49, 197, 207, 209, 211 opinion writing style, 63 University of Colorado Law Review, 63 visiting judges, 104 Mill, John Stuart, 109 Miller, Cassidy, Larroca and Lewin, 10 Minear, Jeff, 171 Missouri Breaks, 131, 133-34 Mont Pelerin Society, 128, 131 Moore, Derek, 170 Morgan, Tom, 21, 123 Morris, Norval, 73, 95 Morrison, Alan, 23, 36 Murdoch News Corp, 166 Muris, Tim, 177 Murphy, Betty, 188 MySpace, 166 Nader, Ralph, 36 National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQs), 144 See also Environmental Protection Agency National Cancer Institute, 37 National Industrial Recovery Act, 144 National Labor Relations Act, 20, 188 National Labor Relations Board, 187 Neal, Phil, 6-7 New England Journal of Medicine, 109 New York Law School, 24, 122 New York State School of Industrial and Labor Relations, 2 New York University (NYU), 16, 58, 80, 83, 122 New York Times, 26, 47, 181 Nixon, Richard, 14, 35, 140-41, 145 resignation, 13 NLRA See National Labor Relations Act Noerr-Pennington doctrine, 158-59 nondelegation doctrine, 143 North, Oliver, 207, 209 Northwestern University Law School, 1 Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), 36, 124, 190, 214, 218 OECD See Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development Office of Legal Counsel, 31, 44, 182 Office of Legal Policy, 47 Official Secrets Act, 180 OIRA See Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs OLC See Office of Legal Counsel OLP See Ofice of Legal Policy Office of Management and Budget (OMB), 38, 43, 46, 50-54, 57, 58, 79- 80, 139, 218-22 Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs, 32,-36, 38, 140-41, 148, 221 On Liberty (Mill), 109 Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 48 OSHA See Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 36 Otis, Lee, 25 Paperwork Reduction Act, 35 People and Penguins (Baxter), 27 Pettit, Bob, 52 Pinchot, Gifford, 127 Poindexter, John, 207, 211 Polinsky, Mitch, 22 Polygram, 196 Posner, Richard 3, 7, 63, 64, 85-86, 123, 171, 199, 203 Powell, John Wesley, 127 Powell, Lewis, 7, 8, 14, 101 Powell, Rusty, 115, 116 Property and Environment Resource Center (PERC), 132 Public Citizen, 36 Raggi, Reena, 129 Randolph, A. Raymond, 70, 91, 117 rational basis standard, 148, 194 Resource, Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), 141 Reagan Administration, 32, 139, 152, 210 Reagan, Ronald, 34, 49, 101, 114, 116, 140, 210 campaign, 26 reasonable expectation of privacy standard, 201 Record See Harvard Law Record, 23 Rehnquist, William, 75, 96, 210 Resources for the Future, 35, 141, 220 Revesz, Ricky, 16 Rhode, Deborah, 16 Riggs, Douglas, 45 Robb, Roger, 8, 100 Robinson, Spottswood, 8, 53, 63, 85, 159 Rosenberg, David, 24 Roth, Jane, 111 Rothstein, Barbara, 112 Rule, Rick, 41, 51, 170, 179 Russell, Milton, 35, 220 Sacks, Al, 23-24 Sayenga, Jill, 114-15 Scalia, Antonin, 50, 101, 175, 192, 198, 202-04, 206, 210 Schelling, Tom, 130 Scott, Hal, 18-19, 21-22, 24, 27, 123 Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), 214-220, 222 Second Amendment, 191, 194 Sedgwick, Shannnon, 167 Selya, Bruce, 51 Sentelle, David, 55, 101, 108, 110-11, 116-17, 179, 206, 209 Sentencing Commission See U.S. Sentencing Commission Shapiro, Mary, 217 Shavell, Steve, 22, 24, 138, 170 Short, Duke, 51 Silberman, Laurence, 50, 101, 107, 113, 189, 207, 209-10 Simon, Paul, 52 Smith, Vernon, 109 Sotomayor, Sonia, 203 Srinivasan, Sri, 56, 78, 102 Starr, Ken, 50 Stevens, Ted, 211 Stevenson, Adlai, 8 Stewart, Dick, 24 Stigler, George, 3 Stockman, David, 32, 37-38, 54 Sullivan, Brendan, 209 Sullivan, Emmet, 211 Sunstein, Cass, 109, 149 Superior Court Trial Lawyers, 158 Supreme Court of the United States, 14-15, 18, 45, 47, 69, 74-76, 89, 91, 96-98, 100, 104-06, 119, 152, 158-61, 163-64, 166, 172-73, 175, 177-78, 180, 183-84, 189, 191-207, 210 intelligible principle, 143-44, 146-49 law clerks, 9, 12 opinion assignment, 67 relationships among justices, 12 separation of powers, 146 Also see individual cases Swanson, James, 56, 78 Swygert, Luther, 103 Tamm, Edward, 8, 62, 84, 100 tapes case, See Watergate Tatel, David, 126, 199, 202 technology, 142, 203-06 The Brethren (Woodward and Armstrong), 13 The Myth of Labor Board Expertise (Getman), 188 The Super Lawyers (Goulden), 13 Thomas, Clarence, 148 Thomas, Lee, 35 three tiers of scrutiny, 196 three-strikes rule, 185 Thurgood Marshall (Williams), 11 Thurmond, Strom, 51 Tomashaw, Irwin, 3 Totenberg, Nina, 13 Trefil, Jim, 109 Turner, Don, 29 Tyler Cowen, Vernon, 109 Udstuen, Mary Rose, 53, 57 University of Miami Law School Law and Economic Center, 126 University of Pennsylvania, 17 Urbina, Ricardo, 195 Urowsky, Richard, 169 U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit, 118 U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, 10, 76, 98, 104 U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit, 112 U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, 112, 194, 199 U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, 11, 16, 47, 57, 79, 118, 129 U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit, 63, 85, 103, 194, 199, 201, 203 U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit, 4, 8, 9, 12, 47, 49, 50, 52-53, 119, 139, 148, 160, 175 circuit conferences, 108, 112 “complex” cases, 126 en banc, 12, 67, 71, 75, 89 meetings, 113 opinion writing division of labor, 162 relationships among law clerks from different chambers 12 review of decisions by administrative agencies, 139 visiting judges, 103 U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) employment discrimination, 185 sex discrimination, 187 U.S. Sentencing Commission, 46 Vetter, Jan, 20 Vorenberg, James, 24, 57, 79 Wald, Pat, 63, 85, 101, 107, 117, 183, 207, 211 Chief Judge, 53 Walsh, Lawrence, 208 Warner, Johon, 114 Warren, Ed, 135 Washington Post, 75, 97, 121, 134 Watergate, 9, 12, 14-15 See also Watergate case Weinstein, Jack, 138 Western Electric, 30 White, Byron, 18 Wilkey, Malcolm, 8-9, 100 Williams Act, 222 Williams, Juan, 11 Williams, Karen Hastie, 10 Williams, Steve, 11, 50, 60, 68, 82, 90, 101, 117, 126, 143, 145, 166, 173 Wilson, Gary, 16 Winter, Ralph, 16 Wright, J. Skelly, 8 Wright, Joe, 38 Wright, Joshua, 124, 170 Yale Law School, 18, 22, 25, 59, 81, 109 Young, Frank, 37	cc/2022-05/en_head_0000.json.gz/line389
__label__wiki	0.765183	0.765183	Facebook gives Franklin Graham a 24-hour ban over 2016 post about North Carolina bathroom bill Joe NewbyDecember 30, 2018 On Saturday, The Hill reported that Facebook, the social media giant appropriately named the “world’s most dangerous censor,” slapped evangelist Franklin Graham with a 24-hour ban over a 2016 post about North Carolina’s so-called “bathroom” bill. According to The Hill: The (Facebook) spokesperson said that Graham was mistakenly banned from the site due to the contents of a post he shared in 2016 for violating a company policy banning “dehumanizing language” and excluding people based on factors like sexual orientation and race. The representative went on to say that the mistake was made by the company’s content review team – which is comprised of 15,000 members – and that the company has since restored Graham’s account and the post in question. The company has said it will also apologize to the administrator of Graham’s Facebook page, according to the spokesperson. Graham discussed the ban on his Facebook page: Well, now we know. Facebook has a secret rulebook for policing speech. I was banned from posting on Facebook last week for 24 hours. Why? Because of a post from back in 2016 about North Carolina’s House Bill 2 (the bathroom bill). Facebook said the post went against their “community standards on hate speech.” Facebook is trying to define truth. There was a character in a movie a few years back who said, “The truth is what I say it is!” That’s what Facebook is trying to do. They’re making the rules and changing the rules. Truth is truth. God made the rules and His Word is truth. Actually, Facebook is censoring free speech. The free exchange of ideas is part of our country’s DNA. He also copied the original April 2016 post: “Bruce Springsteen, a long-time gay rights activist, has cancelled his North Carolina concert. He says the NC law #HB2 to prevent men from being able to use women’s restrooms and locker rooms is going “backwards instead of forwards.” Well, to be honest, we need to go back! Back to God. Back to respecting and honoring His commands. Back to common sense. Mr. Springsteen, a nation embracing sin and bowing at the feet of godless secularism and political correctness is not progress. I’m thankful North Carolina has a governor, Pat McCrory, and a lieutenant governor, Dan Forest, and legislators who put the safety of our women and children first! HB2 protects the safety and privacy of women and children and preserves the human rights of millions of faith-based citizens of this state.” As we and others reported, a copy of Facebook’s rules for monitoring and censoring speech were obtained by the New York Times, which characterized them as having “numerous gaps, biases and outright errors” in the way moderators determine what speech is considered appropriate for the platform. Incidents like this, by the way, were the inspiration for “Banned: How Facebook Enables Militant Islamic Jihad,” a book published in 2016 by this writer and American-Israeli Adina Kutnicki. GOP Rep. Louis Gohmert has introduced a measure that would effectively strip companies like Facebook of their protection from liability, currently granted in Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act. Additionally, the Stop Social Media Censorship Act is being considered by state lawmakers. If passed, the measure would grant users a private right of action in the event of political or religious censorship. Courtesy of Conservative Firing Line Joe Newby	cc/2022-05/en_head_0000.json.gz/line390
__label__cc	0.699595	0.300405	Meet the Young Deaffest Art Competition’s Judging Panel Deaffest has teamed up with Artists & Illustrators to launch an exciting art competition for UK-based young deaf people aged 11-16 years. Meet the art competition’s judging panel! Brittany Castle is a Digital Art artist and she is the owner of a graphic design business, 58 Creativity. Brittany is co-leader for the Art Exhibition for Deaf Spotlight in Seattle, WA since 2018. Brittany is inspired by her Deaf culture and the use of sign language to create a visual emotional connection in her work. She is actively creating and constantly adding to her collection, check out her social media (Facebook and Instagram) on a regular basis to see what’s new. Brittany grew up in California, United State and graduated from Gallaudet University with B.A. Degree in Graphic Design and Photography. Brittany is very proud of her Deaf culture, growing up with her twin sister who is deaf as well as her grandparents. Olivier is an award winning artist, involved in a number of successful projects. He aims to produce work combining colours and patterns, raising imagination and awareness; influenced by his travels. Olivier delivers workshops and guided tours to participants of all ages/backgrounds. He also consults with a range of local public service providers and places of interest regarding improved accessibility. Olivier has had exhibitions both locally and nationally; in traditional and modern spaces incorporating public art projects too, including Grand Central Station, Birmingham; supported by BlowUP Media; John Lewis and Highbury Hall. Social media has also enabled his international profile to grow. Olivier creates uniquely commissioned artwork, canvas and fashion pieces for the home, businesses, weddings and birthdays. Olivier’s products are also sold online and in person at fairs. Olivier has a life-long passion for the arts. If you would like to get in touch, please email: hello@ojart.net. http://www.ojart.net / instagram.com/olivierjaminartist Rachael Funnell is Deputy Editor of Artists & Illustrators magazine, www.artistsandillustrators.co.uk and its Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and Pinterest channels, the UK’s most popular magazine for practising artists and those who paint for pleasure. The magazine offers step-by-step practical guides in a range of media as well as exclusive interviews and expert advice. Artists & Illustrators is proud to host an online Portfolio Plus community where anyone can showcase and sell their art on a personalised page at www.artistsandillustrators.co.uk/register. “At Artists & Illustrators we endeavour to promote emerging artists, as seen in our annual Artists of the Year competition which offers artists across the globe a chance to win fantastic art prizes and exposure for their work” says Rachael. “I look forward to discovering talent in the poster entries from deaf youngsters ahead of Deaffest this May, and hope that the event encourages participants to develop their skills further.” The winner of the competition will be announced prior to Deaffest 2019 so keep an eye on our website, Facebook, Twitter and Instagram to find out whose character will be featured on the posters! Runners-up will be announced at Young Deaffest 2019 on Saturday 18th May 2019. Posted by Deaffest on January 22, 2019 in Uncategorized.	cc/2022-05/en_head_0000.json.gz/line392
__label__cc	0.547852	0.452148	Interview with the Mayor and Mayoress of Wolverhampton Deaffest Co-Founders Marilyn Willrich and Nikki Stratton recently interviewed the Mayor and Mayoress of Wolverhampton, Barry and Margaret Findley – both whom will be presenting one of the awards at the 6th Film & TV Awards Gala. Barry is the 158th Mayor of Wolverhampton, and was elected on 18th May 2016 for the 2016-2017 municipal year. Barry and Margaret have lived in Wolverhampton all their lives. Barry has worked for more than 27 years in the rail industry and has served for the City of Wolverhampton Council for 24 years representing firstly Fallings Park and latterly Tettenhall Regis, whereas Margaret has worked for more than 30 years for Boots and has served as a councillor for 8 years, representing Fallings Park and also Heath Town. A warm welcome to Barry and Margaret! Marilyn: Have you ever met a deaf person before? Mayoress: I used to work at Boots the chemist. So I used to have lots of deaf customers. Marilyn: I was probably one of them! Mayor: I attended Deaffest about 8 years ago. Nikki: You became the 158th Mayor and Mayoress in May 2016 so can you tell us what work you’ve been doing for the Wolverhampton community since then? Mayor: We’ve done around 440 different events in that time. Nikki: Wow you’ve been busy then! Mayor: And I could keep you here all week talking about them as well! There have been so many nice things we’ve been able to do. In terms of big events we’ve supported the University of Wolverhampton and attended many of their events where we’ve had someone signing. In the community we had a big celebration in 2016, as it’s been 150 years since Queen Victoria came to the city and unveiled the Man on the Horse in Queen’s Square. So, in November we had a big celebration and there were 2 parts to it. One, the Duke of Gloucester came and re-dedicated the statue to the city. Then a week later, the day of the 150th anniversary which was a Wednesday at 1.50pm (to mark the 150th), we had the Freedom Units of the city marching, bands playing, there was a re-enactment by the Central Youth Theatre of Queen Victoria and the unveiling. Then I did a toast to the city to celebrate the 150th anniversary. So, all the people were able to do a ‘cheers’ to Wolverhampton and that was a special day for us because of what it commemorated. We have also done many events for children, and many of them have come to the parlour for us to show them around. They’ve put the chains on and pretended to be the Mayor for a few minutes! This is how we’ve been promoting civic pride. We’ve done lots of work with so many good charities in the city like The Haven and Compton Hospice, as well as supporting our own charity. At the Mayor’s office we have been trying to raise around £15,000 to give out to local charities like the Samaritans, which is one of my charities. We also do a lot of opening events. We’ve opened shops, factories and seen some amazing machines. So far, they’ve not asked me to close anything so that’s a good sign! Nikki: Why did you decide to be Mayor and Mayoress, and what were you doing before your role? Mayor: First I became a local District Councillor, which was over 25 years ago. So, 25 years I’ve been on the council and I represented where I live which is Fallings Park but now I represent Tettenhall, the other side of the city. After 25 years as District Councillor I then spent some time as Deputy Leader of the Council so I was very much involved with major decision-making in the city. In Wolverhampton, when we decide who is going to be the Mayor, we don’t do it according to political parties. It’s decided on who has done the most years’ service for the city and then they are approached to ask if they wish to do it. So, because I’d worked for the city a long time I was asked. I could have said no and then they would go onto someone else. So, having done all those years I thought it would be really good to do something a bit different rather than making political decisions. I also thought it would be great to be more involved with the actual community and people of the city. That was really why we chose to do it and I don’t regret it at all, it’s been fantastic. Marilyn: Both of you look so happy! Mayor: We are yes! Marilyn: What would you say are your ambitions for Wolverhampton? What would you like to achieve while in the role as Mayor and Mayoress? Mayor: Each year when they elect, the Mayor has the opportunity to choose a theme for what they want their year to be. I chose the theme of ‘Preserving the past and building the future’. That’s given me the opportunity to say there’s a lot of regeneration going on where old buildings and factories are being brought back to life, like the old Sunbeam factory, which has now been converted to independent living flats for people with learning disabilities. The University of Wolverhampton is spending a huge amount of money on the old Springfield brewery site, so we could promote their new constructions. The other aspect for building for the future, obviously, I’ve already mentioned the university but with schools, that’s where we’ve done a lot for school children. It’s their city and we want them to be able to share it like we have. But my main ambition, if I can sum it up in one sentence, is for people of Wolverhampton to believe we’re a city rather than just be a city, because sometimes we don’t realise just what a good place it is. Nikki: What would you say has been your biggest challenge as Mayor and Mayoress: Mayor: I think the biggest challenge is every day is different. Mayoress: Yes. Mayor: Like today, we’ve been to our new customer service area that’s only been open a week. We visited the staff there to say thank you for what they’re doing and to meet some of our customers to see how the council is transforming and making it easier for enquiries to be dealt with. At the moment, we’re having a lovely time having a cup of tea and a chat with you guys, then later this afternoon we’re going to a place called Algar Court, which is supported living accommodation, for a vintage tea party with the people who live there. We’ll have some time with them, then this afternoon, we’re going to walk around a bit in the city because we have this scheme called Beat the Street, which is to encourage people to increase how much they walk. Marilyn: Are there any fun or interesting facts you have learnt about Wolverhampton that nobody else may know? Mayor: Wolverhampton had the first set of traffic lights in the country. Another is the Mayoral car, which has the registration number DA1 and a gentleman called Richard Rhodes donated it to us. Mayoress: The car registration came from his family, as they were the first people to register their old family car when cars had to be registered in each town years ago. So, that’s worth quite a bit of money now. Mayor: Wolverhampton’s registration years ago, used to be DA. Mayoress: So, it’s DA1. Mayor: So it’s the first registration for the first citizen of the city. Another one is Wolverhampton Racecourse, which had one of the first powered flights of airplanes in the country and the Sunbeam factory produced the first car to attain the land speed record of 200 mph. Marilyn: I remember the Sunbeam cars when they were quite narrow. There’s a room in our building (Wolverhampton Science Park) that’s called the Sunbeam that is dedicated to their motorcars. Nikki: There is a Sunbeam motorbike on display at Bantock House as well. Years ago, one of our projects was to translate museum information at Bantock House and we translated some of the exhibitions into British Sign Language to make the information accessible to deaf people, and I remember talking about a Sunbeam motorbike. Marilyn: How long do you have left as Mayor? Mayor: I’ll be Mayor until 17th May. So we’re almost finished, just 55 days left. Marilyn: So, we got you just in time then! Nikki: Just before you finish, going out with a bang? Mayor: Yes, going out with a bang with you guys! Marilyn: So is a year the normal length of a term? Mayor: Yes, then I go back to being a normal councillor. If there is such a thing as a normal councillor! We will have a general meeting where I will go in as the Mayor with my chains on and my robes. We will elect a new mayor and then I will hand over the chains and the robes to Elias Mattu who is my current deputy. Then I will take my seat back with all the other councillors and I’ll just then be a ‘former’ Mayor. I get a badge as well! Marilyn: Mayoress, what about you? Mayoress: I’ll go home and back to doing the housework, the washing, the ironing and the shopping! Marilyn: It must give you a wealth of experience to be able to meet people. It’s such an opportunity. Mayoress: Yes it’s been amazing. It’s been incredible. Mayor: It is quite nice, because we’ve met so many people and organisations. They’ve all said “when you finish we’ll be in touch and we want you to join”. A lot of past Mayors have done that; they’ve joined organisations and community groups so they’ve used all that experience so there’s plenty of opportunities created for later. We’re looking forward to doing some of that type work and some of our charity work once we’ve finished being Mayor, but we’re going to have a holiday as well! Nikki: Yes, with over 400 odd events I think you need the break! Do you have a favourite motto or saying? Mayor: I tend to say “you learn something every day”. Nikki: Absolutely! Nikki and Marilyn: Thank you for the interview!	cc/2022-05/en_head_0000.json.gz/line393
__label__wiki	0.969665	0.969665	The Weeknd and Nicolás Jaar sued for copyright infringement on track, ‘Call Out My Name’ The plaintiffs are producers Suniel Fox and Henry Strange Brian Coney Thursday, September 23, 2021 - 12:30 The Weeknd and Nicolás Jaar have been sued for copyright infringement. The pair, alongside Toronto producer Frank Dukes, have been sued by producers Suniel Fox and Henry Strange over claims that The Weeknd's 2018 track 'Call Out My Name' is “strikingly and/or substantially similar, if not identical” to Fox and Strange’s 2015 song 'Vibeking'. Featuring a sample of Nicolás Jaar's 2016 song 'Killing Time', 'Call Out My Name' features on The Weeknd's first EP, 'My Dear Melancholy'. It earned the largest first-day Spotify stream count of any song released in 2018. As of March 2020, it had sold 3,000,000 copies in the United States alone. According to a Pitchfork report, the lawsuit concerned specific compositional parallels between the two tracks. “Both works are in a minor key,” the suit reads. “Both works are in a 6/8 meter that is less common in popular music. Both works are played at a similar tempo. And both works use features of electronica, ambience, pop, hip-hop, rock, and R&B to achieve a particular atmospheric and melancholic sound.” 'Vibeking' is currently unavailable on any streaming services. Watch the video for 'Call Out My Name' below. Earlier this year, DJ Lag and will.i.am reportedly reached an undisclosed settlement agreement following accusations that the latter had plagiarised the former's track, 'Ice Drop'. The Weeknd nicolas jaar copyright infringement Copyright Call Out My Name lawsuit Frank Dukes vibeking The Weeknd shares Swedish House Mafia remix of ‘Sacrifice’ and “alternate world” video: Watch The Weeknd releases new album featuring Swedish House Mafia, Calvin Harris, Oneohtrix Point Never: Listen Swedish House Mafia’s new album is “close”, group says Swedish House Mafia drop The Weeknd collaboration, announce 44-date world tour The KLF seek to block unauthorised documentary due to alleged copyright infringement Swedish House Mafia announced for Coachella 2022	cc/2022-05/en_head_0000.json.gz/line400
__label__wiki	0.591985	0.591985	05.07.2016 Author: Steven MacMillan A Frexit would be the Final Nail in the EU’s Coffin The European continent has been rocked by one of the largest political earthquakes in recent years, after the British people made the historic decision to leave the European Union (EU). The arrogant, corrupt establishment was so convinced that their concerted propaganda campaign to keep Britain in the EU would prevail over EU detractors, that they clearly were shocked by the Brexit vote. A personal highlight over the past few weeks has been watching the plethora of EU zealots and puppets of the globalist cabal whining, sulking and generally throwing their dummies out of their prams in response to the democratic wishes of the people. Remember, the Western establishment is only a cheerleader of democracy when it serves their interests, not when it challenges them. But what is the significance of the Brexit vote for the future of the EU? Long plagued by problems and perpetual crises, the fabric that holds the undemocratic and technocratic EU together is close to being set ablaze. Will the Brexit vote be the final spark that triggers the entire collapse of the EU, or is another event needed to finally ignite the European project that the globalists hold so dearly? I would tend to favour the latter over the former, as the response by the EU elites has been to push for further integration and the creation of an EU superstate. Let the People Vote! One of the most tectonic implications of the historic vote is how it has worked to energize calls from numerous other EU countries to hold in-out referendums. From the Netherlands to Italy, political organizations opposed to the EU have been emboldened by this vote. But the country that has the greatest potential to put the final nail in the coffin of the EU is France. Marine Le Pen, the leader of the Front National, has been agitating for an in-out referendum on EU membership for years now, and has said that if she wins the presidential election in April next year, she will call an in-out referendum. In the aftermath of the Brexit vote, Le Pen ramped up her calls for a vote, however the French President Francois Hollande recently rejected such calls. According to research conducted by the University of Edinburgh in March of this year, 53 percent of people in France would be in favour of holding a referendum on EU membership. Although the Brexit vote was an important one, it should be kept within historical context and not overstated. Britain has had a complex relationship with Europe for hundreds of years, and prior to the First World War and the threat to the balance of power in Europe that arose in the early 20th century; British strategists were for large periods more focused on expanding the influence of the British Empire internationally, than on European affairs. As an island, geographically split from mainland Europe by the English Channel, Britain has also often seen itself as having one foot in and one foot outside of Europe. These realities contributed to the rather late admission of the UK to the union, not becoming an EU member until 1973. A more pivotal vote would be if one of the founding members of the EU voted to leave, with Belgium, France, West Germany, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands, comprising the six founding countries of the European Coal and Steel Community in 1952. The Brexit spirit seems strongest in the Netherlands and France; with France’s size, strength and instrumental position in creating the EU meaning its voice would have the greatest impact. If the French people vote to leave the EU in a potential future referendum, there is no way the Western elite can prop up their treasured European project anymore. Steven MacMillan is an independent writer, researcher, geopolitical analyst and editor of The Analyst Report, especially for the online magazine “New Eastern Outlook”.	cc/2022-05/en_head_0000.json.gz/line402
__label__wiki	0.735994	0.735994	Justia Dockets & Filings Eighth Circuit Nebraska District Court Aloung v. Immigration & Naturalization et al Filing 8 Aloung v. Immigration & Naturalization et al MEMORANDUM OPINION - This Court lacks jurisdiction over plaintiff's complaint and it must be dismissed. However, the Court will dismiss plaintiff's complaint without prejudice to reassertion before the Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals. A separate order will be entered in accordance with this memorandum opinion. Ordered by Senior Judge Lyle E. Strom. (Copy mailed to pro se party)(GJG) -PRSE Aloung v. Immigration & Naturalization et al Doc. 8 IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF NEBRASKA ROMBO AYUEL ALOUNG, ) ) Plaintiff, ) ) v. ) ) IMMIGRATION & NATURALIZATION, ) et al., ) ) Defendants. ) ______________________________) 4:10CV3098 MEMORANDUM OPINION Plaintiff filed his complaint in this matter on May 21, 2010 (Filing No. 1). Plaintiff has previously been given leave Also pending is a to proceed in forma pauperis (Filing No. 7). motion, which the Court liberally construes as a motion to amend complaint (Filing No. 6). The Court now conducts an initial review of the complaint to determine whether summary dismissal is appropriate under 28 U.S.C. � 1915(e)(2). I. MOTION TO AMEND Plaintiff filed a motion on June 8, 2010, which the Court liberally construes as a motion to amend complaint (Filing No. 6). A court should freely give a party leave to amend its Fed. R. Civ. Pro. 15(a)(2). pleading when justice so requires. In addition, the Court may consider a pro se plaintiff's amended pleading "as supplemental to, rather than as superseding, the original pleading." NECivR 15.1(b). Therefore, plaintiff's motion will be granted and the amended complaint is treated as Dockets.Justia.com supplemental to the original for purposes of this memorandum and order. II. SUMMARY OF COMPLAINT Plaintiff filed his complaint against the "Warden of Douglas County" and "Immigration & Naturalization" ("INS") (Filing No. 1 at CM/ECF p. 1). Plaintiff is a Sudanese refugee who is currently confined at the Douglas County Correctional Center in Omaha, Nebraska. CM/ECF p. 1.) Plaintiff alleges that an order has been entered to remove him from the United States and return him to Sudan (Filing No. 1 at CM/ECF p. 2; Filing No. 6 at CM/ECF p. 1). Plaintiff (Id. at CM/ECF p. 2; Filing No. 6 at seeks to change the removal order because he believes that Sudan is a very dangerous place.1 No. 6 at CM/ECF p. 2.) (Filing No. 1 at CM/ECF p. 2; Filing Because it is unclear whether plaintiff faces criminal charges, the Court will treat plaintiff as a detainee who is about to be deported. Such a detainee is not a "prisoner" within the meaning of 28 U.S.C. � 1915(a)(2). See, e.g., Andrews v. King, 398 F.3d 1113, 1122 (9th Cir. 2005) (noting that an INS detainee who does not also face criminal charges is not a prisoner under 28 U.S.C. � 1915); Ojo v. I.N.S., 106 F.3d 680, 683 (5th Cir. 1997) (concluding that a detainee who was about to be deported was not a "prisoner" within the meaning of � 1915(a)(2)). -2- 1 III. APPLICABLE LEGAL STANDARDS ON INITIAL REVIEW The Court is required to review in forma pauperis complaints to determine whether summary dismissal is appropriate. See 28 U.S.C. � 1915(e). The Court must dismiss a complaint or any portion thereof that states a frivolous or malicious claim, that fails to state a claim upon which relief may be granted, or that seeks monetary relief from a defendant who is immune from such relief. 28 U.S.C. � 1915(e)(2)(B). A pro se plaintiff must set forth enough factual allegations to "nudge[] their claims across the line from conceivable to plausible," or "their complaint must be dismissed" for failing to state a claim upon which relief can be granted. Bell Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 569-70 (2007); see also Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 129 S. Ct. 1937, 1950 (2009) ("A claim has facial plausibility when the plaintiff pleads factual content that allows the court to draw the reasonable inference that the defendant is liable for the misconduct alleged."). Regardless of whether a plaintiff is represented or is appearing pro se, the plaintiff's complaint must allege specific facts sufficient to state a claim. Cir. 1985). See Martin v. Sargent, 780 F.2d 1334, 1337 (8th However, a pro se plaintiff's allegations must be Burke v. North Dakota Dep't of Corr. & construed liberally. Rehab., 294 F.3d 1043, 1043-44 (8th Cir. 2002) (citations omitted). -3- IV. DISCUSSION OF CLAIMS As discussed above, plaintiff seeks to challenge a removal order (Filing No. 1 at CM/ECF p. 1; Filing No. 6 at CM/ECF p. 6). However, the REAL ID Act "place[s] exclusive See 8 U.S.C. � review of orders of removal with circuit courts." 1252; Haider v. Gonzales, 438 F.3d 902, 905 (8th Cir. 2006). Consequently, this Court lacks jurisdiction over plaintiff's complaint and it must be dismissed. However, the Court will dismiss plaintiff's complaint without prejudice to reassertion before the Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals. A separate order will be entered in accordance with this memorandum opinion. DATED this 30th day of June, 2010. BY THE COURT: /s/ Lyle E. Strom ____________________________ LYLE E. STROM, Senior Judge United States District Court * This opinion may contain hyperlinks to other documents or Web sites. The U.S. District Court for the District of Nebraska does not endorse, recommend, approve, or guarantee any third parties or the services or products they provide on their Web sites. Likewise, the Court has no agreements with any of these third parties or their Web sites. The Court accepts no responsibility for the availability or functionality of any hyperlink. Thus, the fact that a hyperlink ceases to work or directs the user to some other site does not affect the opinion of the Court. -4-	cc/2022-05/en_head_0000.json.gz/line407
__label__wiki	0.613171	0.613171	Filters: Author is Anonymous [Clear All Filters] Anonymous. Marbling painting. The University of Tennessee Libraries Digital Collections: From Pi Beta Phi to Arrowmont, 1905. Anonymous. "Shelter Use on the A.T. Rationed in the Great Smokies." Appalachian Trailway News 33, no. 4 (1972): 59-60. Anonymous. Josie, Arlie, and Neal Watson - 1956.. The University of Tennessee Libraries Digital Collections: From Pi Beta Phi to Arrowmont, 1956. Anonymous. Smoky Mountain Memories: Capturing the Natural Beauty of the Great Smoky Mountains. Wonder Workshop, 1991. Anonymous. One-Room Schoolhouse on Roaring Fork Road.. The University of Tennessee Libraries Digital Collections: From Pi Beta Phi to Arrowmont, 1920. Anonymous. In Tribute Mary Orenda Pollard. The University of Tennessee Libraries Digital Collections: From Pi Beta Phi to Arrowmont, 1962. Anonymous. Students in front of One-Room Schoolhouse, Gatlinburg. The University of Tennessee Libraries Digital Collections: From Pi Beta Phi to Arrowmont, 1915. Anonymous. Showing school, church, and new homes in Gatlinburg.. The University of Tennessee Libraries Digital Collections: From Pi Beta Phi to Arrowmont, 1939. "Tragedy in the Smokies." Appalachian Trailway News 31, no. 2 (1970): 21-22. Anonymous. Two Students. The University of Tennessee Libraries Digital Collections: From Pi Beta Phi to Arrowmont, 1925. Anonymous. Children reading in class - 1947.`. The University of Tennessee Libraries Digital Collections: From Pi Beta Phi to Arrowmont, 1940. Anonymous. "Appalachian Heritage." 2, no. 4 (1974). Anonymous. Aunt Lizze Reagan at her home-made loom.. The University of Tennessee Libraries Digital Collections: From Pi Beta Phi to Arrowmont, 1930. Anonymous. Auto Touring, Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Gatlinburg, TN: Great Smoky Mountains Natural History Association and the National Park Service, 2002. Anonymous. Boys and a sprayer.. The University of Tennessee Libraries Digital Collections: From Pi Beta Phi to Arrowmont, 1925. Anonymous. Junaluska Joy. Junaluska Historical Society, 1982. Anonymous. Students and teachers on playground. The University of Tennessee Libraries Digital Collections: From Pi Beta Phi to Arrowmont, 1928. Anonymous. How We Earned Money for our Settlement School. The University of Tennessee Libraries Digital Collections: From Pi Beta Phi to Arrowmont, 1912. Anonymous. Trees, Shrubs & Vines of the Great Smoky Mountains: A Checklist for the Trees, Shrubs, and Woody Vines of Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Great Smoky Mountains Natural History Association, 1999. Anonymous. Students with calf. The University of Tennessee Libraries Digital Collections: From Pi Beta Phi to Arrowmont, 1919. Anonymous. Convention Chronicle. The University of Tennessee Libraries Digital Collections: From Pi Beta Phi to Arrowmont, 1927. Anonymous. Brook Trout Restoration: Proposed Plan., 1979. Anonymous. Cabin on the Left Prong of Little Pigeon.. The University of Tennessee Libraries Digital Collections: From Pi Beta Phi to Arrowmont, 1925. Anonymous. Plaque donated by Alfred E. Gibson of Cleveland.. The University of Tennessee Libraries Digital Collections: From Pi Beta Phi to Arrowmont, 1930. Anonymous. Assistant to Director S. S. and her Journalism Class printing the school paper. The University of Tennessee Libraries Digital Collections: From Pi Beta Phi to Arrowmont, 1965.	cc/2022-05/en_head_0000.json.gz/line408
__label__cc	0.586005	0.413995	Learn more about Hanover's response to COVID-19. hanover.edu HomeAccreditationAdmissions and TuitionAcademicsClinical Education OverviewStudent Support ServicesFaculty and Staff Doctor of Physical Therapy DPT Hanover College Doctor of Physical Therapy Program Great news! The Hanover DPT Program has been granted "candidate for accreditation" status by the Commission on Accreditation in Physical Therapy Education (CAPTE). The achievement marks a key milestone for the new academic offering, indicating Hanover's program is progressing toward accreditation. Learn More Hanover College is excited to offer a distinctive Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) Program located in the tri-state region of Indiana, Ohio, and Kentucky. Our DPT program is dedicated to developing health care professionals committed to service, who appreciate the benefits of interprofessional teams, and who use innovation to advance the well-being of others. The Hanover College DPT program is an accelerated two-year hybrid education model that combines online learning, onsite lab immersions, and integrated clinical education experiences. Students access our online virtual classroom for face-to-face live class sessions. This unique evidence-based curriculum is based on high-quality, engaging coursework developed by Hanover College DPT faculty, with threads of service, innovation, interprofessional education, and telehealth, woven throughout to prepare students for the future of physical therapy practice. Our expert DPT faculty collaborate with board-certified specialists and master clinicians to progress and refine student's critical thinking and hands-on patient management skills. Classroom and lab experiences prepare students for integrated, high-quality clinical experiences and the opportunity to enter residency programs. Hanover DPT graduates will be market-ready physical therapists who value and understand the unique blend of evidence-informed decision-making and mindfulness to meet patients' needs in today's clinical environment. A Welcome Message from Dr. Kerry Volansky, Program Director Kerry Volansky PT, DSc, EdD, MBA, OCS Hanover Email: volansky@hanover.edu Program Mission The mission of Hanover College's DPT Program is to empower students to live purposeful lives with a personal commitment to academic excellence, a quest for life-long inquiry, the promotion of innovation, and meaningful service to improve the health of society. Hanover DPT Anatomy Experience A unique feature of the Hanover DPT program is the opportunity to practice in a state-of-the-art, newly expanded anatomy laboratory in the Hanover College Science Center. Recent renovations include facilities for full body dissection, spaces for review of prosected body parts, and areas for student engagement. A multi-modal approach for hands-on, active learning includes human cadavers, technology via 3D printed models, clay models, and media enhanced virtual anatomy. Video monitors are mounted throughout the lab for a good vantage point from any location. Synchronous and asynchronous instruction complement the anatomy lab experience in the first two semesters in the DPT program Lab Immersions Hanover campus: Feel connected to the campus community and culture. Explore Hanover's picturesque 650 plus acre campus on the bluffs overlooking the Ohio River for orientation, anatomy experiences, graduation, and the capstone course. The Refinery Event Center: Labs will take place at this unique event venue located 15 minutes from downtown Louisville and 15 minutes from the airport, in the water tower district of Jeffersonville, Indiana. The space features free parking, close proximity to restaurants and night life, as well as access to affordable local accommodations. Preparation for Professional Licensure The program has determined that its curriculum meets the state educational requirements for licensure or certification in all states, the District of Colombia, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands secondary to its accreditation by the Commission on Accreditation in Physical Therapy Education, based on the following: CAPTE accreditation of a physical therapist or physical therapist assistant program satisfies state educational requirements in all states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands. Thus, students graduating from CAPTE-accredited physical therapist and physical therapist assistant education programs are eligible to take the National Physical Therapy Examination and apply for licensure in all states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands. For more information regarding state qualifications and licensure requirements, refer to the Federation of State Boards of Physical Therapy website at www.fsbpt.org. National Physical Therapy Examination (NPTE) Graduates of Hanover DPT Program are eligible to sit for the NPTE immediately following graduation. Below is the U.S. Dept of Education (USDE) rule change which allows students to sit for the licensure exam immediately upon graduation. Further, because of this rule change, initial accreditation status is no longer required to sit for the exam. Additionally, cohort number two may complete the program and take the exam if initial accreditation is not granted. A third cohort may not be accepted if initial accreditation is not granted. Candidacy is synonymous with pre-accreditation. From USDE Federal Register page 58924 602.23(f)(2) Effective July 01, 2020: "All credits and degrees earned and issued by an institution or program holding pre-accreditation from a nationally recognized agency are considered by the Secretary to be from an accredited institution or program." Program Complaints Any member of the Hanover College community has the right to file a complaint or grievance against the DPT Program without fear of retaliation. Complaints may be reported here. Graduation from a Doctorate of Physical Therapy education program accredited by the Commission on Accreditation in Physical Therapy Education (CAPTE), 3030 Potomac Ave., Suite 100, Alexandria, Virginia 22305-3085; phone; 703-706-3245; accreditation@apta.org is necessary for eligibility to sit for the licensure examination, which is required in all states. Effective 4/27/21, Hanover College has been granted Candidate for Accreditation status by the Commission on Accreditation in Physical Therapy Education (CAPTE), 3030 Potomac Ave., Suite 100, Alexandria, Virginia 22305-3085; phone: 703-706- 3245; email: accreditation@apta.org. If needing to contact the program/institution directly, please call 812-866-7030 or email: dpt@hanover.edu. Candidate for Accreditation is an accreditation status of affiliation with the Commission on Accreditation in Physical Therapy Education that indicates the program may matriculate students in technical/professional courses. Achievement of Candidate for Accreditation status does not assure that the program will be granted Initial Accreditation. Begin your journey with Hanover College by applying for our accelerated hybrid DPT program today. Join our Next Webinar TIME: 7-8 PM ET When do you plan to start? August 2022 August 2023 © Doctor of Physical Therapy Hanover College 517 Ball Drive Hanover, IN 47243 dpt@hanover.edu	cc/2022-05/en_head_0000.json.gz/line409
__label__cc	0.745563	0.254437	A Glossary of LOA Phrases, Terms And Definitions The Law of Attraction Language is a growing list of definitions for many of the words, phrases, and jargon frequently used as slang within the Law of Attraction community as well as with the Teachings of Abraham. This glossary of jargon and definitions is based on YOUR ideas regarding what YOU would want to be explained! Do you wish to know what a phrase means? Please suggest any Law of Attraction keywords or phrases that might be expanded upon using the contact form below, and we will do everything possible to shed light on them! Unfortunately, the phrase "Law of Attraction" has become so popularized and misinterpreted that many people mistakenly believe it is only about attracting and manufacturing "things." But, the Law of Attraction is much more than simply "like attracts like." It's a philosophy, a metaphysical axiom, a belief system, a movement, and - to many people's surprise - one of the most difficult words in the English language. It is based on the idea that everything—from all matter, all thought forms, and all physical and non-physical energies, people, events, things, ideas—is a part of ONE SUPPLY. Vibrations of similar energy and similar frequencies of thought are attracted to one another, accumulating themselves around people's ideas, attitudes, and beliefs that are receptive tuned to them (regardless of whether or not it is wanted). The Law of Attraction says that LIFE is SUPPOSED to be FUN! The most effective method for attracting the wonderful, happy, feel-good life of your desires is to connect with the positively-oriented and loving vibration of Source Energy. For a deeper explanation, see the "What Is Law of Attraction" page for more information.... An acronym for the word Law of Attraction - often used by people who do not wish to type out the "long" sentence in all it's glory! Abe: The "Abraham" jargon is also used to refer to the teachings given in the Abraham-Hicks Art of Allowing seminars, which are often known as "Abe.". Abraham: The Teachings of Abraham are a collection of the writings, lectures, and recorded conversations that define this spiritual teacher. For additional information, see the entry for Abraham-Hicks. It's the most comparable energy position or state of adjustment between one's thoughts/object of attention and the emotion of one's desired reality in LoA language. Adjusting your attention to match how you want to feel, such that they have the same quality or frequency of energy. To be in sync is to think ideas that naturally lead to a feeling of peace, love, happiness, contentment, calmness, or excitement. To be set up in the flow, have an open valve, feel tuned-in, in the zone, or positively focused. Art of Allowing: The term is sometimes used to refer to the Law of Attraction seminars developed and presented by Abraham-Hicks, as well as the ability to let life occur, receive, and allow one's experiences without fighting them or trying to change them. BOPA: The term "Book of Positive Aspects" refers to an abbreviated phrase that means "book of positive aspects." It is a way to find and/or compile lists of good qualities, by focusing on people's and situations' positive characteristics and recording them. The term "uumph" has been popular lately in the Abraham Hicks workshops to refer to the "power," or "punch," of attraction energy that is accessible when you identify 'what you DO want instead' while feeling bad emotion. Using an energetic trampoline to leap up to a higher understanding and clarity about what you DO desire. Buffet: The banquet table of life, also known as the entire array of human experiences accessible to humans from which to sample various things, "taste" them, and express preferences. In the Teachings of Abraham, contrast is a term that's frequently used; it refers to everything we encounter in life, everything that happens to us, around us, and others, as well as all experiential information that enters our awareness. If you consider only the negative aspects or problems, it's easy to make contrast a pejorative term, but in Law of Attraction terms, there is no such thing as good or bad; everything is just information that exists. Everything in life, from the major events to the small details, is a reflection of what has been attracted thus far, as an indication of where resistance may be found, and as a chance to fine-tune one's thoughts on the issue. Contrast is supposed to assist us in recognizing the "obstacles" in our own thoughts by revealing the shadows of what has manifested, since all good all of the time is both impossible (and not what life is for!) Disc, High-Flying Disc: The disc lingo is a metaphor that Abraham has lately utilized to help people imagine the emotional scale's levels of consciousness in a more tangible way.. Imagine a lift that's made of spinning energetic discs at various levels, with the lower discs having more powerful emotions such as annoyed or discouragement, but the higher-flying discs being emotions like contentment, excitement, curiosity, eagerness, or pleasure. You choose the disc (level) you want to be on by permitting thoughts, memories, and stimuli into your attention and focus. Downstream: A common phrase in the Abraham-Hicks Art of Allowing seminars, which represents "to go with the flow," to accept an idea, concept, or situation, or to obtain some comfort from negative ideas on a certain issue. To "go down stream" in a Law of Attraction sense is to "let it be," concentrate on the good elements of the situation, and allow life to take you where it may - It is critical to self-improvement to conceive of a plan for improving your life. You should make an effort to alter your thinking or beliefs so that you are more optimistic, peaceful, and pleased with life. Driftwood: Signs, evidence, or indicators that what you want is beginning to materialize all around you. It's a metaphor for how ships used to travel across oceans, when they would be out at sea for months at a time and could tell that they were approaching land long before they saw it, since there would begin to driftwood in the ocean around them. That's when you get "driftwood" in your consciousness, indicating that the desire is gaining strength before you can actually see it in your life, if you begin to notice other people who have what you want surrounding you, the topic comes up in conversation, or a sudden appearance of your dream car all over town. Emotional Scale of consciousness: The emotional states in terms of their vibrational frequencies and energy "distance" from the truth of your natural state/Inner Being and Source Energy consciousness. Shame is at the bottom of the emotional spectrum, along with fear, desolation, and powerlessness. Joy, empowerment, freedom, love, appreciation, and passion are at the top. (See full page on the Emotional Scale here.) Escrow: See Vibrational Escrow (below, toward the bottom of this Law of Attraction Glossary page). To grow in size, extent, volume, amount, or scope. Around a person based on the thoughts, ideas, words, attention, and focus of that time. It's the most similar to the Vortex, and it's a technique for seeing how ideas' energetic vibration becomes a material reality. Intentions: In advance, make affirmative statements of what you DO want to have, be, do, experience, or would like to have happen. To be intentional implies having a positively focused concept, strategy, or aim in mind, as well as visualizing yourself achieving it. Law of Attraction/LoA: These definitions are towards the top of this Law of Attraction Lingo document because they're so essential to understanding the LoA! Laying New Pipes: Some lingo from an Abraham-Hicks analogy about subterranean pipes that were clogged with roots. So, rather than trying to clean the existing pipes, it was more sensible and cost-effective to "install new pipes". You are always seeking for a new way to improve your life. So, it is best to focus on creating positive new beliefs and adopting good habits of thought rather than attempting to "get to the bottom" of painful issues/problems. Low-hanging Fruit: Something that is easy to achieve. That is why there are several alternatives for you to feel good about yourself and concentrate on things that you like/do not have any negative connotations with in the Law of Attraction. Manifestation: In simple terms, anything that is (good or bad) that comes into physical existence after having been merely a vision, an idea, a wish, a concept, or a plan. Anything, or everything, that occurs to you, or enters your consciousness as a thing, a feeling, an emotion, or information of any sort is considered a manifestation. The act of deliberately intending to make an idea a reality is also known as manifestation. Momentum: In LoA jargon, the intensity is the accumulation of energy, which is also known as intensity. The amount, direction, speed, and quantity of thoughts, feelings/emotions, vibrations are all examples of rises in any subject you have strong emotions/opinions about that resist slowing down. Begin thinking more general and nonspecific concepts to reduce the effectiveness of your manifestations. Focus on more particular and detailed thoughts to increase the momentum. Ornery: Feeling angry, dissatisfied, irritable, unpleasant, and crotchety are all symptoms of a bad mood. Occasionally, you feel out of sync with the Universe as a result of attractively attracting more of the same. Pivot/Pivoting: To intentionally divert your attention away from an undesirable experience or circumstance and concentrate on thinking about what you would prefer instead (or onto a totally different subject.) To immediately concentrate your attention on something enjoyable rather than what is currently taking place. Point of Attraction: The balance of vibrational energy and focus that determines what will be manifested. For example, the desire to have healthy health vs. the goal of avoiding illness are two competing views on the same subject, health. The critical element of interest is the place where most of one's thinking and belief happens; it's like the grammatical subject of a sentence. Cancer is the purpose of attraction if one tries to eat healthfully in order to avoid getting it. If exercise is primarily intended to make you feel powerful and energetic, attraction is focused on vitality; Strong and healthy feelings. If the goal of dieting is to reduce weight, or not gain weight, the aim of attraction is "weight" (which then manifests more of that, eventually). Rampage of Appreciation: This is an unusual, yet popular, Law of Attraction phrase.... It means to continuously speak or write for a lengthy period of time, expressing love, pleasure, appreciation, gratitude, and enjoyment for individuals, things, or events in your life. In its most basic sense, resistance is the act of thinking negatively, having negative thoughts, adopting unhealthy behaviors and attitudes, having unpleasant feelings or expectations, and believing in harmful ideas. The notion of "resistance" refers to attempting to reign in the uncontrollable or being irritated at not being able to do so. Source/Source Energy: Source Energy is a term that's sometimes used interchangeably with God, The Universe, Higher Power, Divine, Absolute Being, Creator, Spirit, and even the Vortex in the Abraham teachings. It's the inaudible energy that courses through everyone and everything, the life-force of thoughts, ideas, and consciousness, and it's often equated with love. Upstream: The feeling of being overwhelmed by a preponderance of negative emotions and struggling to cope with life is referred to as overwhelm. It's a metaphor for "paddling against the current" and not "going with the flow" while working too hard at something (figuratively speaking.) When you're mad or upset, it's known in Abraham Hicks circles as "goin' upstream." Valve/Open Valve: A phrase often seen in the Law of Attraction/Sara book series, by Esther Hicks. To keep one's valve open is to maintain an open-hearted attitude and move peaceful, constructive ideas in sync with the perpetual stream of pure good energy that surrounds us at all times. It's a metaphor for a water tap, or a hose, which is always linked to the water source but can only deliver water when the valve is set to the open position. To have an open valve is to be thinking, speaking, or acting with the energy of praise, approval, admiration, and good intentions. Vibration: The quality, frequency, or tenor of the emotional energy that is released into the Universe when you think about anything, speak about it, or act on it. Vibrational Escrow, Vibrational Reality: Is the LoA lingo for an energetic version of an escrow "account," (such as those employed in major transactions, which have numerous phases that occur over time and several elements that come together separately before the overall "deal" can be completed.) All of one's "as yet to be manifested" aspirations are supposed to exist "IN" Vibrational Reality, Vibrational Escrow (sometimes referred to as V.E.), or in the vortex. ...It's the temporary, active "holding zone" where thoughts and desires congregate and gather steam until such time as one is in alignment with them, at which point they become visible. The phrase "in V.E." implies that the newly discovered and clarified wants have already BEEN formed mentally and energetically, are currently attracting and realising them (though not yet visible in physical world reality). Vibrational Match: Every idea, feeling, emotion, attitude, goal, and manifestation has an energy to it; it also has a "vibe." (Consider how you can tell when the person standing next to you is furious, even if nothing is said or done.) A vibration is a type of energy or mood that something or someone has, and it draws people, circumstances, ideas, and thoughts to itself. Attracted to one another, thoughts/things with a similar "vibe" (within a comparable energy frequency range) or with similar intentions are those that are in tune. When people are in a good mood, they're typically repulsed by someone who is in a bad mood (or vice versa). Instead of dealing with individuals or circumstances (which are made up of many thoughts and vibrational connections simultaneously, as well as the ability to override their natural inclinations), the pattern of vibrational match may be identified more. Vortex: To be in the Vortex, or to enter it, is to be in a completely positive condition; comparable to being "in the flow," "in the groove," or simply very satisfied, blissful, peaceful, or supremely calm. What a person feels when they are in the Vortex is to be "in love with everything," which is what it means to be "in the Vortex." It's the vibration of Source Energy, and being in tune with it gives you a sense of complete satisfaction with your present situation, as it is. The term "vortex" is also employed to describe one's "Vibrational Escrow" or "Vibrational Reality.". Well-Being: In the language of the Law of Attraction, well-being is the Source of ALL that IS - it is peace, contentment, ease, joy, love, health, and vitality — and it's what life should feel like! At the heart of each person is absolute and complete well-being, which is the essence of who we truly are at the Soul level. The degree to which our life doesn't appear to be perfect well-being most of the time corresponds directly with the degree to which we hold resistant and negative ideas (usually completely unwittingly!) Wobble: Feeling emotionally off-kilter, insecure, and unsteady. It also refers to a transitional zone between a new desire and absolute knowingness or certitude that it is already made and on its way to you, even if it hasn't yet materialized in physical form. To feel the wobble is to be vibrating somewhere in the middle of the Emotional Scale (boredom, irritation, annoyance, worry, doubt) and is an indication that you should find another source of inspiration. Feel good now 19 Ways to Be Happier and More Successful in Your Life Ever had the feeling time is running away from you? Click here to learn 19 ways to be happy and successful in Your Life. You deserve it. Georgi Todorov We Become What We Think About (Most of The Time) We become what we think about (most of the time) Most of us have heard this quote at one time or another, but do we really understand what it means?	cc/2022-05/en_head_0000.json.gz/line410
__label__wiki	0.619264	0.619264	BMW Addict Changes His Ways After Life Comes Crashing Down By Taylor McAdams - April 23, 2018 Writer David Obuchowski wrote a piece for Jalopik, in which he gave a detailed narration of the life of his former neighbor, Terrance. The man, who used to be employed as an accountant for Chrisman Commercial, was a BMW devotee. But he never would have guessed that his growing enthusiasm would sentence him to six years in prison. David knew Terrance was an automotive zealot and wanted his opinion about a practical car he was considering purchasing. However, as the writer knocked on his good friend’s door, a different man welcomed him – a shadow of a man. Terrance answered with a bewildered, unexplained look fixed upon his face: “I need to tell you both something,” he said. Both David and his wife waited to hear the rest, and did not have to wait long. “My wife left me. My kids won’t talk to me. I lost my job. I embezzled almost a half a million dollars because I’m addicted to BMWs, and have been hiding them all over the state. I’ll probably be going to prison soon.” It was then that Terrance revealed he had “exactly 50” BMWs, which he strategically hid in various spots and scattered all over the state. Since he used to own storage spaces and his good friend ran a salvage business, he had an asylum for more than 30 cars at all times. The rest of them, as he explained, were safe and sound in the parking lot of the company he was working for – and was embezzling hundreds of thousands of dollars – from. Once his boss and son realized there were serious financial discrepancies in the books, they immediately fired Terrance – but by then, he managed to bank more than $300,000 by issuing cheques to himself. Being unable to handle the heat, Terrance often drove off to the mountains over the weekends, excusing his absence from his family with “business trips.” Eventually, his wife found out the truth, filed for divorce, put up the house for sale – and Terrance was charged with felony theft. Initially, the BMW fanatic was sentenced to 20 years of probation, but instead of seeking the easy way out, he asked for a punishment that would give him the “opportunity to pay my debt to society and somehow move forward and have some hope for a life.” Terrance was then “awarded” a 72-month sentence to be served behind bars, and three years of probation. These days, Terrance dedicates his time and effort into leading a seminar at his parish, which will focus on finance. He aims to become a lead minister. All of his former beauties were either sold, auctioned off, or became the property of the state – all, but one. LeBron James’ High School Hummer Goes Up For Auction JJ Foster These days, LeBron James is the household name of the world of basketball. However, there was a ... Is There A Doctor In The House? There Could Be One In Your Car Soon Enough Meagan Nantwich Car technology has grown by leaps and bounds over the past few years, bringing us ever closer to ... One Woman Stole A Tesla Model S But It Ran Out Of Battery… Jamie Shore Tesla haven’t been having the best time of it recently when it comes to bad press. There have been ...	cc/2022-05/en_head_0000.json.gz/line411
__label__cc	0.612125	0.387875	2007 San Francisco Bay Oil Spill On November 7, 2007, a freighter leaving a port in the Oakland Channel struck one of the piers supporting the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge. The damaged ship leaked nearly 53,000 gallons of oil into San Francisco Bay. The oil first spread southward, but the bay is influenced by tides, and when the tides changed, the oil spread north and west, blackening beaches throughout the bay. Oil passed beneath the Golden Gate Bridge and out into the Pacific Ocean, polluting shorelines from Point Reyes National Seashore in the north to Pacifica Beach in the south. This image from Canada’s Radarsat satellite shows the spread of the oil on November 12, five days after the spill. Oil spills on open water can be very difficult to see in photo-like satellite imagery because the oil can form into thin ribbons or numerous small blobs that imperceptibly darken the water’s already dark surface. In radar imagery, however, the oil becomes more obvious. South of the Bay Bridge, the oil is stretched into long ribbons, while north of the bridge, the oil is spread more uniformly over the surface, encircling Angel Island. By the time this image was acquired, the oil had spread out to the Pacific and was visible in places along more than 30 kilometers of shoreline. Several boats or ships (bright white specks) are visible south of the Bay Bridge, and they may be part of the clean up effort. In radar imagery, the rougher and more textured a surface is, the brighter it looks. Land surfaces are generally brighter than water, urban land surfaces are generally brighter than natural ones, and rough water is brighter than calm water. Oil reduces the surface tension on the water, “smoothing” it and making it darker. The oil-covered water takes on the look of calmer, inland waters, such as the wetlands that occupy the Don Edwards San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge (lower right). Although San Francisco Bay is densely developed and has a busy shipping industry, the area is still rich in marine wildlife and birds. Volunteers helped to capture, clean, and release hundreds of affected birds and other wildlife in the weeks following the spill, but thousands more died from exposure to the oil. The negative impact on the bay's wildlife may linger for years. San Francisco Chronicle Coverage of Bay Oil Spill Oil Spill in San Francisco Bay: A Preventable Tragedy San Francisco Bay-Cosco Busan Oil Spill San Francisco Baykeeper Oil and Chemical Spills information from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration More Oil Spill Images Oil Spill Along the Lebanese Coast Oil Spill near Guimaras Island Oil Spill Near Beirut Ship Wreck on Unalaska Island RADARSAT-1 data ©2007 Canadian Space Agency, distributed by MDA Geospatial Services Inc. Image processing and analysis by SkyTruth. Images courtesy of SkyTruth, Ocean Conservancy, Defenders of Wildlife, and San Francisco Baykeeper. Five days following an oil spill in San Francisco Bay on November 7, 2007, radar imagery showed oil slicks across broad areas of the bay as well in the open waters of the Pacific Ocean. Image of the Day for December 9, 2008 RADARSAT — SAR Image of the Day Land Water Human Presence Remote Sensing Burress, C. (2008, January 23). Figuring cost of oil spill will take years. SFgate.com. Accessed December 8, 2008. Satellites View California Oil Spill Satellite imagers can make oil spills easier to detect in open water. Image of the Day Water Human Presence Remote Sensing Oil Slick in the Gulf of Mexico Acquired June 25, 2010, this natural-color image shows the oil slick in the Gulf of Mexico. Water Human Presence Image of the Day Water	cc/2022-05/en_head_0000.json.gz/line417
__label__wiki	0.969486	0.969486	'Straight Outta Ulaanbaatar': A portrait of Mongolia's burgeoning hip-hop scene Published 16th March 2021 Written by Oscar Holland, CNN It was 1996 when the young poet Tugsjargal Munkherdene heard American hip-hop for the first time. Four years earlier, Mongolia's Soviet-aligned government had fallen, opening the country to a fresh wave of cultural imports. The easing of state censorship heralded a new era of free expression. It also meant that G-funk, boom bap and gangster rap soon arrived on the airwaves -- including the track that made a lasting impression on the then-teenage Munkherdene: Dr. Dre and Snoop Dogg's "187 On an Undercover Cop." "I realized I could put my poems on a beat like them, and I started writing rap music," he recalled in a video interview from his studio in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia's capital. Growing up in one of Ulaanbaatar's impoverished ger districts, Munkherdene could empathize with the kind of urban hardship chronicled in the music he idolized. Comprised largely of semi-permanent tents (or gers, the Mongolian word for yurts), these sprawling outer-city settlements have tripled in size since 1990, as a traditionally nomadic population is lured to the capital. Most of the districts' low-income households rely on wood-burning stoves -- or until a ban in 2019, coal-burning ones -- sending pollution across the skies of a city where winter temperatures regularly fall below minus 20 degrees Fahrenheit. As a child, Munkherdene would walk several kilometers a day to fetch water. Rapper Big Gee riding a Bactrian camel in Mongolia's capital. Scroll through the gallery to see more images from photographer and filmmaker Alex de Mora's project, "Straight Outta Ulaanbaatar." Credit: Alex de Mora "We didn't have recording studio -- there were very few and (they were) very expensive. The start of my rap career was very hard," he said. "We didn't have a way to make good money, to make high-quality audio and video, or to work with big companies. Television and radio stations blocked our music and videos. They thought hip-hop was a bad thing." Now, more than two decades later, the 37-year-old, known professionally as Big Gee, is one of the country's best-known MCs. A regular fixture on Mongolian television, and even the star of a KFC ad, he is the heavily tattooed, sports car-driving epitome of the rags-to-riches hip-hop tale. Meet the hip hop grandpas of Nairobi But he and Mongolia's rap community are little-known outside the landlocked country. This is, in part, what prompted British photographer and director Alex de Mora to capture some of the scene's colorful characters in "Straight Outta Ulaanbaatar," a documentary and book that profile a selection of the city's crews and artists, as well B-boys, a record store owner and a tattooist. "When most people think about Mongolia, they think about big open expanses, and maybe they've heard of a two-humped camel or have seen people riding around on horses ... but they've never thought about contemporary culture in an urban environment," De Mora said on a video call from London. "That's what I wanted to show -- that across the world there are different things going on where cultures are crossing over." Mongolian rapper Maberrant, pictured by photographer Alex de Mora in the passenger seat of a car. Credit: Alex de Mora Tackling social issues Describing himself as "obsessed with music and subcultures," De Mora has previously photographed high-profile US rappers like Pusha T, MF Doom and members of the Wu-Tang Clan. He often eschews the cliched tropes of hip-hop photography, an approach maintained during his self-funded trip to Mongolia. While some of the portraits show local rappers flaunting their jewelry or posing in -- or on top of -- their cars, many are warmer and more playful than the genre usually dictates. "I try and avoid the obvious bravado-type portraits," he said. "It's quite funny when you get your camera out and a guy starts posing, which is good to have some of. But with this project I wanted to find more intimate and personal moments." Capturing the art of the last eagle hunters of Mongolia Big Gee, whose image features on the cover of De Mora's book, also serves as the documentary's central figure and narrator. The issues he addresses tell a wider story about the challenges of life in Ulaanbaatar. "In Mongolia we have lots of problems -- social issues, unemployment, alcoholism, corruption and many more," Munkherdene told CNN, adding: "The government isn't taking care of the Mongolian people, they're just taking care of themselves." One of Ulaanbaatar's sprawling ger districts. Credit: Alex de Mora The rapper is known for speaking out about corruption and abuses of power. But if these themes are common to hip-hop around the world, then many of the other topics he raps about are specific to his homeland: struggles in the ger district and the pride of his Mongolian ancestry (Munkherdene has the word "Mongol" tattooed in traditional script beneath his left eye). He has also used his lyrics to rally against Chinese-operated mines for their alleged mistreatment of local workers -- controversially so, due to his use of a derogatory racial slur (his manager told CNN that the rapper had not used the word in reference to Chinese people, though the music video in question has nonetheless been deleted from YouTube). And, like many Mongolian folk songs, there's another important theme woven through his music: nature. "I've done some songs about protecting nature, (and I have one called) 'Leave My Country to Us.' What's the real richness? Money? Gold? In my opinion, it's not money not gold, not bling-bling things, not big chains or big cars. Real richness is human beings and pure nature." Portrait of a city Fittingly, nature is also a central character in De Mora's photos. Mountains, sand dunes and -- on unpolluted days -- rich blue skies are never far away in Ulaanbaatar. One shot sees Big Gee holding an eagle and sitting proudly on the back of a Bactrian camel; others replace the urban backdrops typical of hip-hop photography with the vast, empty landscapes found at the city's outskirts. The iconic photo behind 'Straight Outta Compton' "They call (Mongolia) the 'Land of the Blue Sky' for very good reason," De Mora said. "It's something that makes the photographs themselves very vivid. I've never seen so much sun and blue sky in my life." Though De Mora's project assumes the perspective of a particular subculture, it is, in truth, a broad portrait of the Mongolian capital. His photos paint a wider picture of the city's diverse residents, complete with kids playing in the streets and an elderly accordion player. Big Gee poses in front of a Genghis Khan statue in Ulaanbaatar. Credit: Alex de Mora In the documentary, meanwhile, footage of rappers is interspersed with shots of Soviet-style murals, identikit tower blocks, public statues and smokestacks. The combination of English graffiti and Cyrillic signs hint at the varying cultural forces at work in the city. Aside from a song by the young Mongolian rapper Maberrant, played during the closing credits, the soundtrack looks to folk instruments, wind chimes and eerie natural sounds rather than hip-hop. "I didn't want people to watch the film and judge the people by the music," said De Mora. "I wanted them to watch the film and understand the city and the personality of the people and the place ... It was always a portrait of a city, and a culture within a city. It was never going to be a critique or a review of the music." "Straight Outta Ulaanbaatar," printed by Pavement Licker, is available now. CNN Studio Tours	cc/2022-05/en_head_0000.json.gz/line422
__label__wiki	0.522121	0.522121	3 Masterful Ways To Boost Women In A Post-Covid Workforce Apr 7, 2021 \| Forbes.com At first, the transition to working remotely during Covid-19 lockdown wasn’t easy for Megan Steckler, a working mom of three who traveled extensively for business. Managing online learning, a toddler and two full-time careers was overwhelming for her and her husband. But after getting the hang of a new rhythm (and yes, hiring a nanny to help with the kids), she basked in something that was sorely lacking pre-pandemic: work-life balance. In their old life, she and her husband raced to get the kids to daycare by 7 a.m., and then scooped them up again by 6 p.m. after a busy workday. Downtime was nonexistent. “We all struggled to get through the homework, dinner and bath routine in the short time we had together each night, and every weekend was spent on the grocery, laundry and catch-up routine,” says Steckler, director of client consulting at Perceptyx, an employee listening and people analytics platform. “We were tired, stretched too thin and burning out.” Though a new normal is heading our way with the vaccine rollout, she plans to continue working from home and commuting only for the rare special occasion. “I absolutely loved our office culture, establishing relationships with my incredible colleagues, and all the social perks that come with working in the office environment,” she recalls, “but all of that time away was taking a massive toll on my young family. When I was traveling and commuting, people commented all the time, ‘I don’t know how you do it.’ Looking back now, I can say, ‘I don’t know how I did it.’ It’s not something I would be eager to ever do again.” Home Office Or Bust She’s not alone. According to a new Perceptyx report of over 1,000 U.S. employees surveyed, almost half of the women respondents (48%) say that, compared to six months ago, they’ve become either much less likely or somewhat less likely to want to return to the office full-time after Covid-19 restrictions lift. And while an equal number of women and men (24%) would like to adopt a hybrid working arrangement post-Covid, men say they intend to spend 3–4 days per week on-site, while women say they intend to spend just 2–3 days on-site. Women have already taken a huge hit from the pandemic economy, enduring a staggering loss of more than 5 million jobs in 2020 alone. From getting the short end of the stick with furloughs, closures and cutbacks, to increased caregiving and other unpaid domestic responsibilities, women have had to bear the brunt of Covid’s financial and familial impacts. Born out of necessity during lockdown, employers’ newfound embrace of flexible and remote work is bound to stick (at least somewhat) after restrictions lift—and this is good news for women. But at what cost? And how can we best support women in a post-Covid workforce? Forward-thinking companies need to take the following three critical actions to ensure women’s place in the future of work: 1. Out Of Sight Cannot Mean Out Of Mind Working remotely is a boon to many kinds of workers, but it can limit opportunities if it’s not executed in the right way. The Perceptyx survey found that, in pandemic times, 40% of respondents saw a decline in the frequency of performance reviews, recognition, promotions and raises. If more women than men continue working remotely going forward, that could translate into missed chances for taking on sought-after projects, getting passed over for promotions, and a perpetuation of compensation bias (i.e., a widening gender pay gap). Companies need to put measures in place now to prevent adverse impacts to their hybrid and fully remote workers. This might include special training for managers and people leaders so they can adjust their management strategy to ensure that remote employees remain in the running for rewards and recognition. And employees need to stay seen—whether it’s through frequent videoconferences or team-based communication tools like Slack and Microsoft Teams. In some ways, working remotely can make teammates more creative and purposeful about connecting with their colleagues. “I have had to find new ways to connect and maintain relationships, but turning on my camera and engaging with my remote colleagues has broadened my network and encouraged me to collaborate with colleagues outside my office location,” notes Steckler. “It has broken down silos that I didn’t see before.” 2. Talent Sourcing Must Have D&I Baked In What better way to support women in the workforce than to hire more of them? In order to avoid perpetuating old-school, old boys’ club ways of recruiting senior leaders, companies can look to new models of executive search, such as Inkwell’s bounty referral program. In addition, companies can do more to make their posted positions attractive to women and diversity-and-inclusion friendly. One way is to openly state their support of hybrid and fully remote workers. Another is to answer employees’ wishes to bring their “whole self” to work—whether it’s their mother/caregiver self or their prioritization of health and wellness. 3. Retaining Women Should Be A Strategic Choice Women often have different motivations than men for leaving or staying at their current jobs, and employers should be aware of those reasons so they can proactively address them—and offset the brain-drain of talented women. For example, in a previous study of more than 750,000 employees across more than 100 global enterprises, Perceptyx found that women are most driven to leave an organization when they don’t feel empowered to make their own decisions about how to best accomplish their work. The three critical actions above will go a long way in protecting women’s place in a post-Covid work world—but to achieve true parity, we need to level the playing field in our home lives as well. This means a more even distribution of domestic and child-raising responsibilities among men and women, so that women aren’t burning the candle at both ends. “I consider myself to be incredibly blessed with a husband who is supportive of my work schedule and willing to do more than his share of the daycare pick-ups, sick days and laundry,” says Steckler. And while the work-life integration gained from remote work can be a gift, there’s still a lot to be said for the “me time” that is a bonus of any good business trip. “A plane ride, a night in a hotel and presentation to a room full of actual people are luxuries I won’t ever again take for granted,” she says. Author: Manon DeFelice Reversing course, DOJ will 'vigorously enforce' LGBT workplace protections Nine Signs A Remote Employee Is Struggling With Stress Or Anxiety Mar 25 Blog — Workplace Culture	cc/2022-05/en_head_0000.json.gz/line426
__label__wiki	0.630099	0.630099	EU Voices Concern over Israeli Attacks in Gaza Tuesday, 17 July 2018 - 09:04 WIB Ankara, MINA — EU foreign policy chief Federica Mogherini on Monday voiced concerns over the heaviest rocket fire and Israeli attacks in the blockaded Gaza Strip since 2014, Anadolu Agency re[orted. In a press conference following an EU Foreign Affairs Council meeting, Mogherini said: “The situation in the blockaded Gaza Strip, which is not in our agenda, was discussed during the meeting. “We have seen very worrying escalation with the heaviest rocket fire and Israeli attacks since 2014.” Mogherini also said: “We all agreed to use all our channels to urge the parties to take a step back, stop the violence, prevent another war and alleviate the situation for the people on the ground.” Speaking on denuclearization of the Korean peninsula, Mogherini said: “We would stress the need to have full denuclearization, irreversible denuclearization and verified denuclearization before any sanction is lifted. So we will keep our economic pressure there. “If I can give you an example, with Iran we lifted the nuclear-related sanctions not just at the end of the twelve years of negotiation on the agreement, but after the agreement was implemented on the Iranian side,” she said. Speaking about Iran nuclear deal, Mogherini said: “The Foreign Affairs Council has endorsed the update of the blocking statute’s annex proposed by the European Commission following the U.S. withdrawal from the Iran nuclear deal.” “It gives us a consistent step forward in the set of measures that the European Union has put in place to make sure that the economic benefits deriving from the nuclear deal can continue to be in place for Iran,” she added. The “blocking statute” aims at preserving the nuclear deal by preventing EU companies from complying with U.S sanctions in order to annul foreign court rulings against them and permit them to recover damages from any potential penalties. In May, U.S. President Donald Trump withdrew the U.S. from the nuclear deal, which was signed in 2015 between Iran and the P5+1 group of nations (the five permanent members of the UN Security Council plus Germany). The 2015 deal places restrictions on Iran’s nuclear program in exchange for billions of dollars in sanctions relief. During his electoral campaign in 2016, Trump had criticized the agreement, describing it as the “worst deal” he had ever seen. Other members of the P5+1, however, say the deal in its current form represents the best means of reigning in Iran’s nuclear program. (T/RS5/RS1) Tags: EU Gaza Israeli attacks Wednesday, 7 January 2015 - 16:14 WIB EU DENOUNCES ISRAELI TAX FREEZE ON PALESTINIANS Thursday, 22 December 2016 - 12:30 WIB Romania Set for First Female, and First Muslim, Prime Minister Myanmar Fires Key General Sanctioned by EU	cc/2022-05/en_head_0000.json.gz/line428
__label__wiki	0.639901	0.639901	One out of five elementary schools has less than 10 new students this year SEOUL, June 13 (Yonhap) -- One out of every five elementary schools in the country has less than 10 new students this year due to a decrease in the number of children, education ministry-related data showed Monday. According to the school information website under the ministry-affiliated Korea Education and Research Information Service (KERIS), 1,395 elementary schools in the country accepted less than 10 first year students. This is equal to 22 percent of the 6,218 elementary schools checked. The drop is attributed to the low birth rate in the country, which naturally led to a lower number of school-aged children. By region, South Jeolla and North Gyeongbuk provinces have the most schools with small numbers of new students: 217 schools each. This was followed by North Jeolla Province with 187 and Gangwon Province with 179, respectively. There are even 93 primary schools that didn’t even admit one new student for their first grade. In the case of middle schools, some 337 of them have recruited less than 10 students, according to the information site. Eleven schools admitted no students. Sixteen different high schools had less than 10 new students, with four having no new admittances. The data, meanwhile, showed that the average number of students who were admitted to schools this year stood at 70 for elementary schools, 147 for middle schools and 252 for high schools. The average number of new students entering elementary school stood at 77 in 2014 but dipped to 73 last year.	cc/2022-05/en_head_0000.json.gz/line430
__label__cc	0.577749	0.422251	#strategic bombers U.S. flies B-1B bombers near S. Korea SEOUL, May 12 (Yonhap) -- The United States has flown two B-1B Lancer strategic bombers near the Korean Peninsula, an aviation tracker said Tuesday. The pair of bombers took off from Andersen Air Force Base in Guam, transited airspace southeast of South Korea and west of Japan and flew over the East China Sea, Aircraft Spots tweeted without specifying the exact time of the operation. The U.S. usually sends bombers and surveillance planes to the Korean Peninsula in the wake of North Korea's provocations or on routine flight training missions. The U.S. has deployed four B-1B bombers and some 200 relevant personnel at the Andersen Air Force Base. Earlier in the day, the U.S. Air Force's RC-135W Rivet Joint and RC-12X Guardrail flew over Seoul and the nearby western port city of Incheon, according to military authorities. The RC-135W is meant to intercept telemetry signals before missile launches, while the RC-12X Guardrail, operated by the U.S. Forces Korea, is an airborne collection platform of signals intelligence. entropy@yna.co.kr	cc/2022-05/en_head_0000.json.gz/line431
__label__wiki	0.538396	0.538396	Kurlansky / Basques / Wikipedia The Guardian got a “panel of experts” to take a look at the Wikipedia. Here’s what Mark Kurlansky, author of The Basque History of the World, said about the Basque people entry: It says: “Aquitanians spoke a language which is proven beyond doubt to be akin to Basque.” I am not familiar with the Aquitaine language but would be very surprised if it bore any relation to Euskera, the Basque language. It is not exactly right to claim, as Wikipedia does, that after 1975 Eta continued despite the end of Basque persecution. After the death of Franco the Spanish passed a constitution that Basque nationalists (a narrow majority of Basques) boycotted. The constitution has a number of problems. For the first time in Spanish history it made Castillian the official language of Spain. It also forbade any discussion of the break up of the Spanish state, so there cannot even be a referendum on the Basque future. More important, the Guardia Civil has remained as an occupying army. The Spanish arrest thousands of Basques every year. Most of them are beaten or tortured and then released. Newspapers and political parties are shut down. In one recent case a Basque-language paper was closed down because it was able to quote an Eta source in its reporting. Over the years, Eta has grown ever smaller. But there has been no comparable lessening of repression by the Spanish. The entry talks of Navarra as though it is a non-Basque region where a lot of Basques happen to live. There are actually seven Basque provinces, each with its own dialect of Euskera and slightly varying traditions. Four of them are in Spain and Navarra is one of them. Northern Navarra is in fact one of the most traditional Basque places in terms of language, architecture, and culture. I’m not going to mess with Aquitanian either for the moment, so let’s dive into his sea of persecution: The 1978 constitution was not the first in Spanish history to designate Castilian the official language. I’m pretty sure–you read them all if you want–that the first to do so was the 1931 republican constitution, often cited by the left and by regional nationalists as a paragon of permissiveness. It says: Castilian is the official language of the Republic. Every Spaniard is obliged to know it and has the right to use it, without prejudice to the rights that State laws may bestow on the languages of provinces or regions. Except where provided for in special laws, it will not be possible to demand of anyone the knowledge or use of a regional language. The 1931 constitution was one of the models discussed by the committee which drafted the 1978 document, and I’m pretty sure–please correct me if I’m wrong–that the second para was dropped as part of the deal between centralists and nationalists. The constitution doesn’t forbid discussion of territorial unity. What is does say is this: The Constitution is based on the indissoluble unity of the Spanish Nation, the common and indivisible country of all Spaniards; it recognizes and guarantees the right to autonomy of the nationalities and regions of which it is composed, and solidarity amongst them all. And, contrary to what Kurlansky wants us to believe, territorial unity is not writ in stone. Articles 87 and 167 of the constitution provide for change, the not-unreasonable threshold being 60% of both houses of parliament. Kurlansky would make the point that 60% means getting the consent of both major parties, which is inconceivable in this case, but that’s how constitutions tend to work, particularly when the state which they serve has already been there in various shapes and forms for centuries. (The case of new, voluntary unions is different: for example, the American constitution didn’t mention secession because the experimental nature of the undertaking was recognised at the time, and only conquest and the dubious Texas v White Supreme Court decision in 1869 confirmed that secession was not an option. God knows what will happen when Belgium decides it’s had enough of the EU: presumably it will be invaded by Belgium.) The Guardia Civil is not an occupying army, and Kurlansky will not find a single human rights organisation unlinked to Basque terrorism to agree with him or his claims. The notion that the police torture most of the Basques they arrest (I hope he is aware that Basques are sometimes arrested for offences unconnected with terrorism) is patently ridiculous. Nevertheless, there are serious and justifiable concerns nationwide about police treatment of detainees are not being respected and, in the Basque country, that terrorism suspects are able to use the lack of safeguards to falsely allege torture. Amnesty said in 2003: “Amnesty International does not believe that torture is systematic in Spain, but the Government must resist the temptation of regarding all torture allegations as part of some ETA-inspired strategy”. The organization added that it was irresponsible to categorically deny the existence of torture or ill-treatment when the Government has so far failed to provide any substantive response to the “profound concern” expressed last November by the (UN) Committee against Torture about the incommunicado regime. The Committee made recommendations which, were they to be adopted by the Government, would make it more difficult to bring false accusations. I’m sure Kurlanksy will be pleased to hear that the Basque police have decided to follow international recommendations and start videoing interrogations. Newspapers and political parties are indeed shut down–when they’re believed to be fronts for terrorism. Egunkaria–the newspaper I think is Kurlanksy citing–was closed and its organisers arrested because the judge believed they were linked with ETA, not because they was able to quote an ETA source. I don’t think that’s necessarily the smartest approach, and I’m generally formidably against the civil code system of banging people up without trial, but the judge got it right this time. Northern Navarra may indeed be “one of the most traditional Basque places in terms of language, architecture, and culture”, but Basque is a minority language in Navarre. (BTW, I believe it was that noted regionalist, Louis Bonaparte, who first classified the Basques into seven groups. He’s probably at least wriggling in his grave.) The great thing about the Wikipedia is that it provides a reasonably sensible procedure for the checking and correction of fantasists like Kurlansky, which is why he presumably won’t be contributing any time soon. (PS: Wikipedia in French seems to be saying there’s no such language as Aquitanian, while the English version insists there was. Sounds like work for someone…) European agreements re language rights I’ve posted recently on the prohibition and persecution of non-Catalan toponymy in and outside Catalonia. While so I thought I’d Betting on secession A boring morning: I can’t find anyone who, following yesterday’s Catalan parliamentary elections, is prepared to bet against a ruling coalition The exonymy wars: Generalidad de Cataluña and Comunitat de Madrid on Wikipedia I was amused to note that there are massive flames on the Spanish Wikipedia re the (political) rectitude of using the Asturian to become an official language? From George Ticknor‘s superb History of Spanish literature … a Gothic remnant fled from the Moors into the Alpine Asturias, carrying Concierto económico for Catalonia, independence for Andalusia? With observations regarding the possible implications for Extramaduran truckers and flamenco policy. Aragon (96): Miguel de Cervantes (82): Spanish literature (171): Previous Previous post: Catalan colonialism Next Next post: Defender who cheated death Mrs. Brassey: A Voyage in the 'Sunbeam'. Our Home on the Ocean for Eleven Months (1879) £135.00 Martin Carver (ed.): The Age of Sutton Hoo: The Seventh Century in North-Western Europe (1992) £25.20	cc/2022-05/en_head_0000.json.gz/line437
__label__wiki	0.578259	0.578259	October 12, 2021 /in Uncategorized /by Davis This discussion explores the differences between national health insurance (NHI) and national health service (NHS) systems. The key features of health care systems in the United States and a number of nations with similar levels per capita income are examined, highlighting health system issues such as provider payments, coordination of care, workforce and information technology, and health system performance. What are the key differences between national health service (NHS) and national health insurance (NHI) systems? How do NHI and NHS systems compare with the health care system in the United States? How do most countries with similar levels per capita income differ from and resemble the United States with respect to provider payments, coordination of care, workforce and information technology, and health system performance. https://essaysglobe.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/logo-EG.png 0 0 Davis https://essaysglobe.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/logo-EG.png Davis2021-10-12 16:37:332021-10-12 16:37:33national health insurance Discussion 8.1: Upper and Lower Respiratory Disorders Quiz: Dispositions Reflection	cc/2022-05/en_head_0000.json.gz/line440
__label__wiki	0.949528	0.949528	Hit Maker R.I.Pablo Strikes Out On His Own With New Single “Sunday Morning Boy” by Josh Taerk \| Posted on 25/08/2021 25/08/2021 R.I.Pablo might be a new name to some, but he is definitely not new to music. As a member of The Six, a writing collective from Manchester, England, he is known worldwide for developing some of the catchiest pop melodies. Pablo holds an impressive pen game with his biggest solo breakthrough being co-writing half of Bebe Rexha’s second album Better Mistakes. He’s also contributed to various Billboard charting songs including Marshmello’s “Leave Before You Love Me”, which landed in Billboard’s top 20 in the US, Alan Walker x Noah Cyrus “All Falls Down”, Marshmello + Anne Marie “FRIENDS”, and “Baby I’m Jealous” from Bebe Rexha x Doja Cat to name a few. With The Six’s songs amassing over 1 billion streams on Spotify collectively, Pablo decided that it was time to start his own project and release music under his own name. Today, Pablo releases his second single “Sunday Morning Boy”. “I hope this song can be the warm hug to your lonely Sunday morning” – R.I.Pablo Multi-instrumentalist, producer, and writer R.I.Pablo’s latest single is something familiar yet original. For someone who has been a part of writing so many hit songs, I love that instead of trying to imitate the hits he’s already written, Pablo decided to develop his own voice and style with his latest release. “Sunday Morning Boy” starts with an electric guitar holding splashy chords underneath Pablo’s vocals. There’s a hint of a Bieber-esque tone in Pablo’s vocal delivery but the quality and overall tone of his voice is very much his own. I love that he mixes his pop sensibilities with what feels like a nod back to the popular music of the 50s and 60s, using minor chords underneath his vocal melody to change the feel of the chorus and signal a transition into a new part of the song. I also thought the heavy reverb effect on his voice was a cool way to signal that the song was about to change going into verse 1. It added suspense and anticipation for what was to come without changing the arrangement. The first verse starts with a simple rhythm pattern and it took me a couple of seconds before I realized the electric guitar had gone away. R.I.Pablo’s vocals maintain a sense of melody and musicality even though there are no other instruments playing chords to strengthen that melodic structure. I could tell that R.I.Pablo is very comfortable in his role as writer and producer especially at this point in the song. I could hear the other instruments without them actually being there, feel the melody of the song without needing it to be present elsewhere, that’s how strong his melody structure and production sense is. Pablo also does a fantastic job of building each section of the song so that there is always something new to grab the listener’s ear, pulling us further into the song, and ultimately bringing us deeper into the world he’s creating with his music. He also does an amazing job of linking sections of the song to each other without repeating himself or repeating production. Pablo adds a harmony line in the second part of the first verse that mimics the slightly minor/dissonant guitar track that signalled the initial shift in the song from intro to verse. It’s a very subtle element to the song that brilliantly ties the whole piece together. Finally, the 2nd time we hear the chorus, that vocal harmony melds its way into the main vocal track giving us listeners the chorus melody in a higher octave than the initial chorus at the top of the song. The song immediately feels bigger, brighter, more celebratory, and the instrumentation around the vocal only contributes to those feelings without overpowering the vocal. Overall, I think it’s clear that Pablo knows his way around a melody and has a great ear for production. I would highly recommend listening to “Sunday Morning Boy”, and I have a feeling that Pablo’s best is yet to come. Find R.I.Pablo and his music online on YouTube, Apple Music, Instagram, and Spotify. Essentially Josh Music New Releases New Singles Single ReviewsJosh Taerk new release new single R.I.Pablo Review Single Review Sunday Morning Boy Depeche Mode’s Martin Gore Unleashes New Track ‘Mandrill’, Taken From forthcoming EP ‘The Third Chimpanzee’ HiJak – ‘Hola Bonita’ Leeds’ KOYO Bring Together My Bloody Valentine/Radiohead/Slowdive in New Single Pingback: Hit Maker R.I.Pablo Strikes Out On His Own With New Single “Sunday Morning Boy” – Essentially Pop – Damixx.com Pingback: Exclusive First Listen Of R.I.Pablo’s Debut EP, ‘Bug Lyf’ – Essentially Pop Pingback: Exclusive First Listen Of R.I.Pablo’s Debut EP, ‘Bug Lyf’ – Essentially Pop – Damixx.com	cc/2022-05/en_head_0000.json.gz/line441
__label__wiki	0.966163	0.966163	Kuwait jails opposition leader for insulting ruler AFP , Sunday 22 Feb 2015 Mussallam al-Barrak (File Photo : Reuters) Kuwait's appeals court sentenced prominent opposition leader Mussallam al-Barrak to two years in jail on Sunday on charges of insulting the Gulf state's ruler, his group said. The charges relate to a speech he gave to tens of thousands of demonstrators in October 2012 protesting changes to the electoral law which he said would allow the ruling Al-Sabah family to manipulate the outcome of elections. Barrak was a member of parliament at the time but his nationalist Popular Action Movement boycotted December 2012 and July 2013 polls held under the new electoral law. "The appeals court passed a two-year sentence on Barrak," PAM said on its Twitter account. It quoted its leader as vowing that the campaign for reform in the oil-rich emirate would go on. "You can jail my body but not my ideas and will," he said. The appeals court tried Barrak after quashing a five-year jail term handed down by a lower court in April 2013 on the same charges of insulting emir Sheikh Sabah al-Ahmad al-Sabah. That judgement sparked angry protests by opposition activists, several of whom were wounded when police responded with tear gas and stun grenades. In July last year, there were further demonstrations when Barrak was detained for five days on separate charges of insulting the judiciary. Since the mass protests of 2012, Kuwaiti authorities have cracked down on the opposition, handing down heavy jail terms and even revoking the citizenship of PAM spokesman Saad al-Ajmi last September. The crackdown has been condemned by human rights groups, who have called for changes to the law to prevent people being jailed for exercising free speech. Article 25 of Kuwait's 1970 penal code provides for jail terms of up to five years for anyone who publicly "objects to the rights and authorities of the emir or faults him." Mussallam al-Barrak insulting Al-Sabah Popular Action Movement Sheikh Sabah al-Ahmad al-Sabah Saad al-Ajmi	cc/2022-05/en_head_0000.json.gz/line442
__label__cc	0.636883	0.363117	Akshay in Delhi for the promo of ‘Kesari’; Fans go Gaga on sighting him Akshay was spotted at Connaught Place and red fort where his sight made the crowd go insane. He sat on top of his car and waved to his fans as well as paparazzi. The ‘Khiladi’ also took to his Instagram account to share a video of the same. “No matter how many times in a year I come here, Delhi is always ready with a warm welcome. A big thanks from Team of Kesari”. Akki was accompanied by Parineeti Chopra, his co-star in ‘Kesari’. Published on 19 March 2019 5:43 AM GMT New Delhi: Khiladi Akshay Kumar is all set to hit the screens with his upcoming flick ‘Kesari’, which is based on a true story of one of the bravest battles that 21 Sikhs fought against 10,000 Afghani’s. To promote the release of his film, Akki was recently spotted in his hometown ‘Delhi’, where his fans went crazy to have a glimpse of their hero. Today morning, the actor began his day with a special interview, which he later posted on his Insta handle, "Privileged to have started the day with such a heartfelt interview at my favourite place in #Delhi, the Red Fort [email protected] This is a special one for #Kesari, coming up tonight at 9 pm on @zeenews," he posted along with a photograph on Instagram. "I have a long way to go. I still want to do a lot. I want to keep on working. I don't want to stop at one point and have a particular image. I want to have different kind of images. I'm still discovering myself and have a lot time with myself to do so," Akshay Kumar said at a press conference in Delhi The actor also dismissed the rumours of contesting Lok Sabha polls on BJP ticket in the upcoming elections."No, I won't be contesting any elections," Akshay cleared while addressing the press conference of his upcoming movie Kesari. Reports also quoted him saying, "Politics is not on my agenda. I feel what I am doing through my films; I will never be able to do that through politics." Apart from Kesari , the actor is also working on ‘Good News’ with Kareena Kapoor Khan, Diljit Dosanjh and Kiara Advani, ‘Mission Mangal’ with Sonakshi Sinha, Nithya Menon, Vidya Balan, Kirti Kulhari and Sharman Joshi, and ‘Housefull 4’ with Bobby Deol, Riteish Deshmukh, Kriti Sanon, Kriti Kharbanda and Pooja Hegde. Akshay kumarbollywood celebritiesbollywood entertainmentkesari movie	cc/2022-05/en_head_0000.json.gz/line443
__label__cc	0.513551	0.486449	Update: I received a call from the Managing Director of Canberra Airport I have had so many people ask me for an update. Rather than answer all my emails one by one, I will tell you all at once. I received the call I have been waiting for. It was from Stephen Byron, the Managing Director of Canberra Airport and while I didn’t get a “yes” yet, it is a start. Of course I had hoped he would say that he agreed with me and the 3,000 people who supported me. However I have been talking to so many people and have heard so many opinions and I know that renaming an airport is not an easy thing to do. Stephen was really nice and spoke to me for quite some time. He knew of my petition to name his airport “The David Warren Airport” and he knew that Dr Warren had invented the black box and done so much for aviation safety around the world. Stephen said he didn’t know of my video, but said he will look it up and watch it. This is good news, as I hope he will learn some more about David Warren and how amazing he was and that he was never credited enough. He said he was still considering my idea and gave me some reasons that concerned him. The first reason is that it already has a name, “The Canberra Airport” and that Australia does not generally name airports after people. I have already had this argument with my dad who already had told me that he would not want someone to tell him to rename his software company. I think a small company is very different from an airport that everyone uses. I told Stephen about the “Sydney Airport” and how it has an alternative name “The Kingsford Smith Airport” which gives it a nice personality. For the Sydney Airport both names are used, so the “Canberra Airport” name would not be lost at all. The second reason Stephen told me, is that Dr David Warren’s Black Box invention, is only spoken about in the event of a crash. He said that there are people that are scared of flying and this will further frighten them. I think this has been the main reason why David Warren missed receiving more recognition and this is very unfortunate and unfair because flying is safe today, because of him. I am sure there are other famous people that have saved lots of lives and been credited. I will have to research this. The third reason is that Stephen has already thought about renaming his airport before and decided against it. He had to consider before if he should rename it to “The John Howard Airport” and he decided not to. Stephen agreed that Dr David Warren is a better choice, so that gives me some hope. Stephen said he agreed with me that David Warren definitely needs more recognition and he is going to contact the other airports of Australia as well as Qantas and Virgin Australia. Right now he is going away for a week and when he comes back he is going to think about it for a few weeks and then give me another call. That will take us to March, so I am going to be thinking of good ideas and praying a lot until then. I really need some convincing reasons for when I next speak to Stephen Byron and would love your help. If you have ideas, please post them on my facebook page facebook.com/EveCogan.Australia Or you can email me (evecogan on gmail) if you want to keep it private. I promise to keep you updated. David Crofts on 31/01/2013 at 6:56 pm Eve, As a “Plan B”‘ how about the “David Warren Terminal” at Canberra Airport, or “David Warren Drive” as the road leading to Canberra Airport. If all else fails at least David’s name would get some “aviation” recognition. Ben on 31/01/2013 at 7:09 pm Excellent suggestions! Or a statue, perhaps a little educational exhibit celebrating the man’s work. evecogan on 31/01/2013 at 7:43 pm Thank you for commenting. I have thought about the idea for a terminal and that would be a great step. I just think not many adults take notice of the terminal names. How many airport terminals do you know the name of? Shawn on 31/01/2013 at 10:57 pm Denver International Airport has their Terminal named after Elrey Jeppesen. Jeppesen created the 1st aviation charts for pilots. I think renaming the terminal is a great idea. Another post mentioned a statue. That’s another great idea. There is one of Jeppesen at Denver’s airport as well. Susan on 31/01/2013 at 8:34 pm Great ideas! The terminal particularly that could have an interactive exhibit. I do admit though that i could only think of JFK’s TWA terminal because I saw it in a design series. Lisette Holmes on 31/01/2013 at 7:02 pm I think it’s a wonderful idea and nice that he called you and will mull it over for consideration. Great outcome , great determination and great optimism. Brett Donovan on 31/01/2013 at 7:11 pm Eve, you are really a special person – be as proud of yourself as your parents must be. I have told my nieces and friends children about you and your quest, and they agree that you are a great role model yourself. Keep up the good work dr bill parker on 31/01/2013 at 7:18 pm I commend your effort and have circulated your petition to friends. I do not think Stephen Byron is doing anything unusual in stating his three reasons. If he has even considered a politician that shows the way is open, but the person who is to be honoured should be one who has achieved great things selflessly and in the interests of Australia at the least. Kingsford Smith is the obvious example. Nancy Bird Walton was another. So why Warren. To me it is a good choice and the overriding reason is that we can use his invention to learn things about flying and prevent accidents by knowing what went wrong. To give honour to a technical inventor is exactly what we should do in an age when we rely more and more on technology. Furthermore, Warren was one of many individuals whose effort has changed the world – not merely that of Australia. In my work I have met people who have changed the world. Examples are Martin Green and David Mills in their work in solar energy. In other parts of the world they are feted as heroes. Australia as a nation does not give enough credit to these devoted people and that’s why our capital city airport should carry David Warren’s name. Never mind “negative” connotations. Its what we learn that matters. To give you something to think about – – “tall poppies” should flourish here as they do elsewhere! And lastly. We name landmarks after explorers – Stuart Highway, Hume Highway, Ayers Rock ( as was) and many more. Why not airports? Belinda Burman on 31/01/2013 at 7:21 pm A tremendous, logical, cogent and persuasive argument, Bill. I agree. Belinda. David on 31/01/2013 at 7:50 pm Some good points by Bill. There are precedents in Australia, other than Kingsford Smith. A prime example is the airport at Yulara, adjacent to Uluru(Ayers Rock), is named Connellan Airport, after EJ Connellan, who pioneered air mail and air travel in the Northern Territory. As other posters have said, the negative issues around the Flight Data Recorders, are all manageable by the way the message is put out. But a very good start and congratulations to you, Eve. Dean on 31/01/2013 at 10:14 pm This is actually a fantastic argument. I have a feeling that Stephen Byron is in favour of renaming the airport after Dr. Warren and is going to spend those weeks in countless meetings to see how others feel about the situation. Faith Cook on 01/02/2013 at 9:06 am Dean, you know the slow pace of due process too well… On the subject of airports named after people, there is the Wilkins Runway in the Australian portion of Antarctica too… The RAAF and Navy (including some shared civilian airports) regularly name their bases and airports after people. Eve, you are an inspirational young woman and I am so very proud of you. There have been some excellent suggestions so far and I will put my thinking cap on and see if I can add to them. I wish you every success, Eve. Kind regards, Belinda. Toni Henry on 31/01/2013 at 7:21 pm It is interesting that Stephen Byron used the negative aspect of David Warren’s invention as an argument against the renaming of an airport in his honour. The fact that this invention has given grieving people answers to the cause of the accident that has resulted in the death or injury of their loved ones should overwhelm the impact of the negativity. David Warren’s Black Box has also led to financial settlements for victims of such accidents. This does not take into account the improvement in aeronautical safety that is has resulted from the knowledge that the Black Box has contributed. I think a fitting compromise would be David Croft’s “Plan B”……but let’ not settle for a compromise at this stage. It is early days, yet. Craig Thomler on 31/01/2013 at 7:33 pm Hi Eve, Regarding Stephen’s second objection, about the black box being used in a crash, you could remind him that the Nobel prize is world renown and respected, but was named after the person who created dynamite. Afred Nobel created the Nobel Prize as a bequest in his will because he was disappointed that he might only remembered for how dynamite was used in wars. You can find more information on Nobel at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Nobel You might want to tell Stephen that renaming the airport would help ensure David Warren was remembered for saving lives, rather than linked to crashes. You could also tell him that renaming the airport would make people feel safer because the planes that fly in and out there are safer because of David’s work. He made planes safer by helping to stop them crashing. All the best with your campaign – there’s a group of us in Canberra who will now call it the Warren Airport, even if Stephen refuses to rename it. Ed on 31/01/2013 at 7:35 pm The good thing is that Mr Byron hasn’t dismissed the idea out of hand. Just because there aren’t many other Australian airports/airfields named after people isn’t much of a reason. In the USA it is very common. What is needed is for some politicians, Territory and Federal, to get on board. That is something that is best handled out of the media. Hugh on 31/01/2013 at 7:38 pm I think your petition is a great idea, keep persisting though! You should probably widen the number of people you contact about this to advance the cause – Minister Albanese is the Minister for Transport, so you could try an open letter to him. Peter Garrett is your local MP, he is also Minister for Childhood & Youth. After all it is an election year. Since it’s Canberra airport try the Chief Minister there, to get the people of Canberra asking for it. And since you mention in your byline that you want to be a 60 Minutes journo, give them a call. If you make the story interesting enough they might take it up. I assume you know that Qantas already named a plane after David Warren (their 9th A380). PETE SMITH on 31/01/2013 at 7:50 pm Well I guess someone (me) has to be the impolite party. Stephen Byron is the very type of Australian against whom David Warren battled decades ago: those offended or threatened by change. His reasons for opposing the name David Warren Terminal are utter drivel. Auckland International Airport is also known as Jean Batten International Airport which houses the Jean Batten Terminal. I guess Le Guardia and JFK airporta along with John Lennon Airport (Liverpool UK) and George Best airport (Belfast) and Indira Ghandi Airport mean nothing to Mr Byron. Maybe Pierre Trudeau Airport rings a bell with him? The argument the Black Box is associated with accidents is true but again utter drivel. The Black Box has saved many millions of lives by identifying cockpit and mechanical/avionics shortfalls the lessons from which we all enjoy including Mr Byron’s relatives some of whom are commercial fixed and rotary wing pilots! Hi Eve Great work, you will succeed if you keep chipping away – your cause is noble and a very worthwhile one; recognition should be given to David Warren for the positive contribution he gave aviation, because of him flying is a much safer form of transport. Eve I work for Qantas and as Pete Smith rightly pointed out above, the ninth Qantas Airbus A380 (Rego: VH-OQI) is actually named after David Warren -so Stephen Byron’s argument that people wouldn’t take to kindly to having an airport named after the creator of the Black Box is somewhat of a short sighted argument. Especially after Qantas, a globally recognised airline named an actual ‘aircraft’ after the very same David Warren. Also, I fly “Extremely” frequently into Sydney airport mainly from overseas destinations, and 95% of Public Announcements that are made before landing – address Sydney airport as “Sydney Kingsford Smith airport”. In my opinion naming an airport, or other places of significance reminds us, it also draws curiosity to name (people become inquisitive) & through this we honours our countrymen & women. Besides it also gives an airport charter – most other nations do it, why not Australia? Lastly, as much as I admire John Howard; David Warren actually helped make the global aviation industry a much safer place – one man (an Australian) contributed more to the world, than a good long serving Prime Minister. Anyway I hope this helps, keep up the great work. Shauna on 31/01/2013 at 9:28 pm I think you’re doing a great thing. In regards to looking for other people who have saved many lives and been credited – I give you the example of Edward Jenner. He invented vaccination and has thus saved many lives. There are many buildings and monuments named after him at hospitals and other locations – see here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Jenner#Monuments_and_buildings I hope that helps your argument. Michael on 31/01/2013 at 9:30 pm I just wanted to congratulate you on your achievements thus far, you have achieved much for one so young, you are not only an inspiration to the younger Australians but also us older ones and I look forward to seeing great things from you in the future. My suggestion would be to name the airfield where Canberra Airport is situated ‘Warren Field’ and a memorial garden should be built there commemorating David Warren and his achievements. Thank you Eve, Dimboola Stuart on 31/01/2013 at 9:37 pm There are a number of airports in Australia and the nearby SW Pacific named after people apart from Kingsford Smith Airport (the international part of the airport, the domestic bit is called Mascot). Moorabbin is named after Harry Hawker, then there is Curtin airport in WA, Scherger in QLD, even the airport I work at is Truscott in WA and named after Bluey Truscott, a WW2 Fighter pilot. Port Moresby International Airport is named Jackson airport after an Australian WW2 fighter pilot, John Jackson. Honiara in the Solomons is named Henderson Field after a US Serviceman. I’ve named a few but there are many, many more “named” airports in the area so I feel that argument doesn’t really hold up to scrutiny. I wonder if Stephen Byron’s arguments are more excuses than serious concerns. Don’t give up Eve. Jeremy Ludlow on 31/01/2013 at 10:35 pm I don’t think much of Mr Byron’s first reason. Canberra Airport already has two names. The other is Defence Establishment Fairbairn. There is no particular reason why the airport can’t have a third name as well. As you say, Sydney Airport is also named Kingsford-Smith; it is also commonly named “Mascot”. There’s at least one other airport in Australia named after a person – Harry Riggs Airport in Albany, WA. I also don’t think much of Mr Byron’s second reason. One of the names of Canberra Airport already alludes to the dangers of flying – James Fairbairn was a federal government minister who was killed in a plane crash near Canberra in 1940. Charles Kingsford-Smith was similarly killed in a plane crash. John F Kennedy, after whom JFK airport was named, was shot dead, and there’s a swimming pool in Melbourne named after Harold Holt, who drowned. As far as I am aware, David Warren died of old age. Mr Byron’s third reason is also unsatisfactory. I actually think that John Howard Airport would have been a good alternative name for Canberra Airport. Harry Riggs was a Mayor of Albany, and that’s why Albany Airport is named after him. John Howard was one of our longest serving Prime Ministers. The two airports in Washington DC are named after Ronald Reagan, who was a President of the USA, and John Foster Dulles, who was a US Secretary of State, respectively. The airport in Ottawa, the capital city of Canada, is named after Canada’s first Prime Minister and another Canadian statesman. One of the airports in Paris is named after Charles De Gaulle, a President of France. The airport in Brasilia, capital city of Brazil, is named after a former President of Brazil. The two main airports in Buenos Aires, capital city of Argentina, are named after a politician and a pioneering aviator, respectively. So it is actually somewhat anomalous that the airport in our capital city is not named after a politician or aviation industry pioneer. Shane Clutterbuck on 31/01/2013 at 10:40 pm Hi eve, I think what you are doing is amazing, Have you considered approaching aviation clubs in your area and perhaps seeing if you could speak at one of their meetings about your proposed name change? I’m sure it would get a lot of support. I look forward to seeing you on 60 minutes in years to come. Steve B. on 01/02/2013 at 4:47 am I commend you on your blog and your objectives, both short term and long. Hopefully the former will be realized before the latter. While I assume that Dr. Warren is Australian and you’d naturally want his eponym there, have you considered possible alternatives elsewhere? I’m sure there are airports or terminals being built or planned around the world that are in need of a suitable name. Call this a plan “C” or “D”. Also, you might try contacting the guys who do the “Airplane Geeks” podcast. They may be of some assistance. Steve B. Steve M on 01/02/2013 at 8:36 am Wow, what a fantastic development! Stephen need not worry, Canberra Airport will always be known as such, even if it is a little boring and uninspired. Some of the most iconic airports in the world are known by their eponymous names and not by their location. Anyone outside of the USA know where JFK Airport is without googling it? This is an opportunity for Stephen to drum up some international publicity which I’m sure he would jump at. The blackbox is known world-wide, they could leverage that to simultaneously draw attention to Canberra Airport and David Warren. I can see feature stories in trade magazines from Temora to Timbuktu! In 2006 Belgrade renamed their international airport in honour of another brilliant inventor who had also lacked the recognition he deserved – Nicola Tesla. His inventions literally paved the way for the Second Industrial Revolution and modern life owes a great deal to his selflessness and inventiveness. Likewise the blackbox has made an immeasurable contribution to airline safety. Far from being a disincentive for nervous flyers it would be encouraging and inspiring to know that it was a fellow Australian who not only invented it, but pushed the idea against much resistance. The John Howard Airport?! They only rejected that idea once they had stopped laughing. While he was Prime Minister for a considerable period of time he was hardly up there with John F Kennedy in terms of inspirational leaders! Australians have a much greater affinity with the underdogs, the battlers, and John Howard could never be seen in that light. It’s people like David Warren who we relate to, someone who fights against the establishment to champion an altruistic cause. Keep fighting, Eve! Brooke Rooney on 01/02/2013 at 9:29 am Eve, I’m so glad to hear of this update on your quest to bring more recognition to Dr. Warren. While I think that Stephen Byron’s second reason mentioned for not renaming the Canberra airport holds a lot of poignant plausibility that I hadn’t thought of before, I want to strongly argue his first reason. I am from the United States of America (which is just one of the many reasons why Eve’s passionate stance appeals to me so much) and where I’m from, almost all of the airports I can think of off the top of my head have not one, but TWO common names. In my hometown of Knoxville, Tennessee we have the Knoxville Airport, also known as McGhee Tyson Airport. The airport was named after a man named Charles Tyson McGhee who was a pilot killed in action in World War 1. Another, popular, example of the multiple naming we accredit to our airports in the States is the famous O’Hare International Airport. Also known as “O’Hare Airport”, “O’Hare Field”, “Chicago Airport”, “Chicago International Airport”, or just “O’Hare”. This airport is named after a man named Edward O’Hare who received the acclaimed Medal of Honor in World War 2. As you can see, where I’m from, we take great pride in double naming our Airports for those who most deserve it. Yes, Dr. Warren’s invention can be associated with airplane crashes, but such an integral invention in the world of aviation as that should not go unrewarded in my opinion. I think what Eve Cogan is doing is absolutely commendable and am not in the least bit surprised that numerous, famous airline pilots have rallied in support behind her. You have my full support, Eve. KEEP IT UP! -Brooke Rooney Anthony on 01/02/2013 at 4:15 pm Great to see that things are starting to step up another level and glad to see that you keep him honest ;) 1) I do see his point about the sole name being changed to a person, but I think the idea of the airport having a second name like Sydney is a great idea.\! Personally I think that the Black Box is one of the greatest inventions in Civil Aviation and the fact that Australia’s national airport could share his name seems like a very high honour for us as Australians. 2) Unfortunately I’m afraid to say I think this is a very weak argument on his part. I think that is people know the second name of the airport and know that Dr David Warren invented the black box, I would have thought they would feel assured rather than scared. In any of the flying I’ve ever done, I’ve never not flown to a place because of one of the names the airport had. 3) Totally agree that David Warren is a much better choice than John Howard. Whether you liked or didn’t like John, I think you would agree that an airport being named after someone who is as important as David Warren is to aviation history is obvious. Keep up the great work and hopefully we can get even more people talking about this. Sondre Bjellås on 01/02/2013 at 8:33 pm I have a quick comment regarding reason number two. This is so typical of us humans, we try to ignore reality and facts, to make our lifes a little more comforting. People who are scared of flying, need to learn more about facts and reality. They are more likely to get killed in so many other instances, flying in this modern age is very safe, and I think it’s a great idea to name the airport after Darren Warren, as a testament to our ability to overcome tragedies and use facts and knowledge to improve upon the safety and quality of life for all humans. Keep up the good work and don’t give up :-D Hi from Norway! Robert MacLean on 02/02/2013 at 12:55 am It really is a worthy cause and while in Oz it is not common for an airport to be named after people, in South Africa (where I am) is is VERY common. Everyone understands that OR Tambo Airport is the same as Johannesburg airport or King Shaka Airport is the same as Durban airport – so I don’t see a downside to having both. Plus if you fly into King Shaka airport you maybe encouraged to learn more about the amazing man and what he did, and then you may want to see those areas he was in – in all it starts with a name, then leads to education and finally tourism. Tiago Araujo on 02/02/2013 at 5:18 am Speaking all the way from Brazil, I don’t think the three reasons are strong enough… your idea is. Only here in Brazil I can list at least 3 major airports that are named after important personalities from my country. “Juscelino Kubitchek” in Brasília, “Santos Dummond” in Rio and “Salgado Filho” in Porto Alegre. The last two are directly related to aviation. You can find more about them in Google. I’ve traveled a lot and I feel that many other countries also name airports and major buildings after people who have made a difference in the world. David Warren is certainly one of them. Tim Clemans on 02/02/2013 at 12:15 pm You are an inspiration. Only 1% of people ever talk to a leader of a $250 million project like you did. I think contacting the world’s most respected negotiators for help would give you insight that probably only they could give you. I would recommend contacting Ronald M. Shapiro http://www.shapirosher.com/pages/attorneys/101/ronald-shapiro , watch http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qtU3zrc-kIU , read his books http://www.amazon.com/Ronald-M.-Shapiro/e/B001H6W2VG/ref=ntt_athr_dp_pel_pop_1 Doing WIN-Win negotiation like getting the airport named after Warren is incredibly difficult. The mindset required is completely different and it will take years of practice for me to learn it. I think at this point, the movement to recognize Warren and other unsung heroes requires a team of people. I think there are 20 people willing to spend 20 hours a week helping you get the airport named after Warren. While getting an airport named after Warren will be an amazing accomplishment what will change the world yet again is a simple curriculum for every student around to world about how to come up with a simple idea to change the world, how to sell it, and get it implemented. B Horncastle on 03/02/2013 at 9:18 am Why not ask “Qantas” to name one of their aircraft after Mr David Warren.??? evecogan on 03/02/2013 at 10:26 am Hi Mr Horncastle Qantas has already named one of their new huge A380s after him. I covered this in my video about David Warren and the Black Box https://bitly.com/Black-Box-Video Adrian Loh on 03/02/2013 at 3:17 pm Hi Eve – on Stephen’s second reason … on the surface maybe the black box could be associated with crashes but really the black box has actually made flying safer … if you had no means of recording what happened on a flight it would be much more dangerous … well anyway that’s what I think David Warren - the inventor of the Black Box - Brian Harry's blog - Site Home - MSDN Blogs on 04/02/2013 at 12:04 am […] http://evecogan.wpengine.com/2013/01/31/update-i-received-a-call-from-the-managing-director-of-canbe… […] Hyper-V King on 04/02/2013 at 1:05 am Danijel Malik on 05/02/2013 at 7:13 am I’m proud that I had a chance to meet you last summer when I was in Australia. You’re very talented and passionate in what you’re doing, so just keep going on. I believe that David Warren contributed a lot to the world as is today and deserves the highest award. Recently I read a post from CNBC that US government wants a Black Box in every car in the future. This only proves what a great invention Black Box is and I believe David Warren should be given more credits and recognition around the world. Naming an airport after him is really a great idea and I believe it won’t having any negative impact. He should be described as “the man who made flying safe”. I can’t imagine visiting Australia if flying wasn’t that safe. A glass can be half empty or half full. It’s up to us how we see it thus just keep going on and pour some water to the glass of mr. Stephen Byron. Andi Illidge on 23/03/2013 at 4:22 pm Hey Eve its Andi, I am just saying well done. You have expanded your thoughts from S.K Austin. And I KNOW how hard it was and how much you didn’t want to do it anymore but good work. Selwyn Garwell on 15/09/2013 at 10:44 pm Hello Eve, I am very impressed by the quality and depth of your argument and by the discipline you displayed in completing it. I hope your excellent idea is adopted. You are a talented young lady;keep up the good work and you will go a long way. Selwyn Garwell Sidney on 18/01/2015 at 7:20 am Hello admin do you need unlimited content for your site ? What if you could copy article from other pages, make it pass copyscape test and publish on your site – i know the right tool for you, just search in google: Loimqua’s article tool	cc/2022-05/en_head_0000.json.gz/line450
__label__wiki	0.621101	0.621101	Guest Op-Ed: An Informed Dialogue to Examine the Merits Is Necessary by Independent Staff • November 10, 2020 • 0 Comments By Mayor Carlo DeMaria A proposal has been submitted to the City Council to amend the City’s Charter to make the Mayor a voting member of the Everett School Committee. Much of the recent commentary on this proposal has questioned the timing of it being offered and the opposition to the general idea of it. In order for there to be an informed dialogue about the proposal, it is important to examine the merits of it as well. The proposed change is consistent with the role of mayor in the majority of cities in Massachusetts. The Commonwealth has a total of 351 cities and towns. Towns select a town manager. Cities elect a mayor. There are 59 cities in Massachusetts and 47 of them have a mayor. Out of the 47 mayors, 29 of them serve as either the Chair of their School Committee or are a voting member of the Committee. Put simply, almost 62% of all mayors in the Commonwealth serve as a School Committee member in a role other than an ex-officio capacity. The model of a mayor serving as a voting member of a school committee may be a new concept to Everett, but it’s not new in most other cities. Just as a mayor serving as a voting member of a school committee is not a new governance model, it also is not a new concept in our community. The proposal to make the Mayor of Everett a voting member was presented to the Charter Commission in 2010. The change did not advance at that time. To answer the question as to why consider the proposal now, we instead should be asking the question, “Why not now?” If we have learned anything during the unprecedented events of this year, it is that we need to think differently about how we support the children and families in our community and this proposal presents such an opportunity. In January 2018, an independent four-person School Finance Task Force was convened to offer an impartial assessment of the fiscal management and controls of the Everett Public Schools after a pattern of excess spending that was identified as a risk too big to city finances to have weak controls. Included in the Task Force recommendations was the recommendation that “[t]he School Committee should fully exercise its fiduciary responsibility beyond the development and approval of the budget, but also in the management of spending and position control in the budget.” The report also went on to state that the “development, approval and oversight of the annual School Department budget is one of the most important responsibilities of the School Committee and all members should be equally engaged.” As an ex-officio member, the Mayor does not have the same ability to serve in this fiduciary capacity or be as engaged as the voting members do. The proposal to make the Mayor a voting member is consistent with the Task Force’s recommendation. While I support this proposal because I believe it is sound public policy, I also have personal reasons for supporting it. During my public service career, I have had the privilege to hold different positions; however, the role I am most proud of is that of “Dad.” As the father of three beautiful children, I understand the needs that children have while attending school. My youngest daughter currently attends the Everett Public Schools and I learn daily about her educational challenges and accomplishments. I also know how fortunate I am for the ways that I can support my daughter and know that other hard-working, loving parents and families currently don’t have those same opportunities available to them. As a parent and a leader, I owe it to those students and families to find as many meaningful ways that I can to support them because that is the right thing to do. As Mayor, I have embraced the recent opportunities to improve the spirit of cooperation and communication with my colleagues in the Everett Public Schools. The proposal to make the Mayor a voting member of the School Committee presents the opportunity for an even greater collaborative relationship between the City’s education officials and the chief executive for the City. It is time that the office of the Mayor of Everett, today and in the future, has a meaningful opportunity to bring a voice and a perspective, combined with decision making abilities consistent with that of other members, to the School Committee to advocate for the interests of students and their families as part of the overall responsibilities that the Mayor has to serve all residents of Everett. Carlo DeMaria is the Mayor of Everett. ← Letter to the Editor Veteran’s Day — Honor Our Veterans →	cc/2022-05/en_head_0000.json.gz/line453
__label__wiki	0.523819	0.523819	The Cutest Community Science Project Posted by Dana Poblete on October 5, 2017 October 5, 2017 Did you know that there are islands all over Los Angeles County? In fact, Debs Park is one of them. (So are Verdugo Hills, Baldwin Hills, and Griffith Park, just to name a few.) “Debs Park is an island within the sea of urbanization that is Los Angeles,” says wildlife biologist Tom Ryan. This hidden jewel of Northeast LA could also be described as an oasis of native plants and wildlife, including over 100 species of birds, in what happens to be the “birdiest” city in the country. It’s true—LA hosts the largest diversity of bird species (over 520 spotted, historically) compared to any other city. The resident and transient birds in Debs can teach scientists and the community a lot about conservation. So, Audubon Center has teamed up with Tom Ryan to bring his bird banding program to the park. The project involves setting up monofilament nets to catch birds, and then attaching metal numbered tags to the birds’ legs. Over time, these tags would allow Ryan and other scientists and community scientists around the continent to identify individuals and track their migratory patterns year after year. All data will be uploaded to the US Geological Service’s Bird Banding Laboratory Database. This fall is essentially a trial run for the project, but next year, Ryan would like to establish Debs Park as a banding station in the MAPS Program of the Institute for Bird Populations. The thriving avian culture in the park can provide insights into the movement and life history of juveniles, as well as local extinction patterns, which would inform scientists’ conservation work here and in other urban “islands.” Ryan explains, “What we’re seeing in Los Angeles is an increase in isolation of habitat patches. We really want to understand which species are able to survive [in these patches] and which are basically going to become extinct. If we start to get information on their movements and their year-to-year survival, then we can compare that between patches. We can see what conditions are presented in the better patches and concentrate restoration back on places that appear to be more what you would call a population sink (lower-quality habitat).” But ecology is only half of the story. There’s huge sociological value in this work, too. Ryan and the Audubon Center share a common goal: to empower local communities to engage in conservation right where they live. “I worked in Venezuela from 1993 to 2004 banding migratory birds in one of the main migratory passes into the country,” says Ryan. “Venezuela Audubon had taken the project and turned it into a big environmental education program as well. They had hundreds of school kids and local residents joining in and helping with the bird banding. It really gave the community a great introduction to science and got the local people up into the park.” Bird banding is super fun and hands-on. Not to mention, you get to spend the morning communing with nature. To volunteer for the Audubon Center’s bird banding project, go here, or shoot me an email. Some people wonder—is catching and tagging birds intrusive, even dangerous, to the animals? “Bird banding has been done for a long time, and the practices are very standard. Bird safety always comes first,” says Ryan, who’s been banding for over 25 years now. “It certainly creates a disruption in the birds’ day, but there have been a lot of studies that show that as far as the birds’ reproductive cycles, their ability to migrate, their survival from year to year, they’re not really affected by that brief period of handling. Whereas, if we mark and release them, there’s a lot more that can be done, more in-depth at the population level, for these species.” Ryan’s Pasadena City College students and Audubon Center volunteers—the ultimate bird lovers and stewards of Debs Park—get the opportunity to work hands-on with him on his important (and fun!) research. Recently, we caught, banded, and released a female California towhee and a male Anna’s hummingbird without a hitch. Would you believe that the hummingbird was as still as a statue? Energy-conservation mode: engaged! Fostering the connection between regular folks and the natural spaces that exist in their neighborhoods is one of the best ways to create a sustainable conservation model. In Los Angeles, so few people even realize the wealth of wildlife that exists in their backyards. But once you get up close and personal with birds and learn firsthand about their journeys—it’s impossible to not feel inspired to preserve that special experience. This post was originally published on the blog for the Audubon Center at Debs Park. animalsaudubonbiologybirdingbirdscitizen scienceconservationenvironmentlos angelesnatural historynaturewildlife Previous Post Pics or It Didn’t Happen? Next Post How to Rewrite History	cc/2022-05/en_head_0000.json.gz/line455
__label__cc	0.738239	0.261761	Tag: r.e.m. A Lot Of Sustain: X&HT watched Sex, Food, Death … and Insects I have a longstanding soft spot for Robyn Hitchcock. He’s one of our greatest songwriters and a godsdamned National Treasure. I have seen him live, covering Sgt. Pepper in it’s entirety, a gig notable for the moment when he knocked the jack out of his Telecaster and I handed it back to him. You could, I suppose, if you’re feeling lazy, tie him in with the great wellspring of British eccentric artists that tracks through William Blake and Lewis Carroll, through Barrett-era Pink Floyd, the Bonzos, Ivor Cutler, Spike Milligan. Surrealism and humour backed up by a steely determination to tread one’s own path, and talent and ability up the hoozit. Long time fan and collaborator Peter Buck off of R.E.M. has said that he can’t understand why someone hasn’t taken his songs and made big hits out of them. I’d love to see one of the X-Factor clonoids do Brenda’s Iron Sledge or (probably more appositely) Sheila’s Having Her Brain Out, but I don’t think I’ll hold my breath. The 2006 documentary Sex, Food, Death … and Insects follows Hitchcock, Buck and other musical collaborators as they work through the songs that would make it onto the Robyn Hitchcock and the Venus Three albums Olé Tarantula and Propeller Time. These songs mark a continued resurgence in Robyn’s fortunes, and are equal part rippling psychedelia and heartfelt pop-folk. It’s tough to write a song that can sound warm and tender while keeping in the weird angles and off-note touches that make Hitchcock’s stuff so much fun. These songs nail it time and again. The documentary has a pleasingly intimate air, bringing us into Hitchcock’s rambling house, where Olé Tarantula was recorded. The process is ramshackle, ad hoc and spontaneous, leading to songs filled with happy accidents and unexpected guest turns. John Paul Jones drops in for a cuppa and a couple of chiming mandolin solos. Robyn’s niece Ruby Wright adds lovely, quavering musical saw to the proceedings. It feels like a delightful way to make an album. Defences drop. The famously grumpy Peter Buck airs his grievances about being part of one of the biggest bands in the world, and how much more he prefers the Venus Three. Certainly, his guitar work evokes R.E.M. at their jangly, shiny best. But Hitchcock is the revelation here. Wise, centered and at peace, he seems the very opposite of the stereotypical eccentric. He observes things in a different way to most of us, certainly. But because he is so observant, he has a well-stocked cupboard of imagery to play with, and it’s the way he recontextualises these that brings up the surreality in his songwriting. When he talks about rotating elephants in the song Belltown Ramble, he’s talking about a sign he saw above a Seattle car-wash, in the district of the title. There’s reason and method to everything he does. The insight we get from these moments, along with the wonderful music are what make Sex, Food, Death … and Insects such a satisfying watch. Tell you what, have a couple of clips. Thanks and blessings to the inestimable Timothy P. Jones, without whom this documentary would not have hit my DVD playing machine. Posted on July 28, 2011 July 28, 2011 Categories Film, music, reviewTags peter buck, r.e.m., robyn hitchcock6 Comments on A Lot Of Sustain: X&HT watched Sex, Food, Death … and Insects Lyrics That Make You Want To Listen To Instrumentals I’ve been listening to The Icicle Works again lately – Ian McNab’s epic bombast suits my mood, especially here under the grey dome of a typical late spring bank holiday. Their breakout single “Love Is A Wonderful Colour” is wonderful, widescreen bellow-along stuff, but the opening line almost knocks you out of the spell the band are trying to create. “My friend and I were talking one evening, beside some burning wood…” That, I guess, would be a bonfire. I’d listened to the song for years, but only recently glommed on to how clumsy that opening line is. Now, of course, it’s all I can hear. Great. This fumbled attempt at mystery and atmosphere, while at the same time trying to keep the metre and rhyme of the song in check can lead to some unexpectedly hilarious or outright bizarre lyrical choices. Take, for example, one of my favourites, Thin Lizzy’s “Jailbreak”. Phil Lynott asserts: “Tonight there’s going to be a jailbreak, somewhere in this town…” I’d start with the jail. Comedian Russell Howard pointed this one out, and I have to hold back from yelling “try the jail!” whenever I hear the song. The song also contains a prime example of Lynott’s way with the ladies: “Searchlight on my trail Tonight’s the night all systems fail Hey you, good lookin’ female Come here!” You can’t resist, can you? This is the man who allegedly coined the come-on line “Got any Irish in you? Would you like some?” You have to at least admire the swagger and testosterone in the couplet above, and the wink in it is almost visible. Sometimes, all you need is one syllable to make a line scan, and the temptation is to jam one in and damn the consequences. That’s all that I can think was going through Paul McCartney’s mind when he wrote the opening verse of “Live And Let Die”. It starts off with a philosophical flourish: “When you were young, and your heart was an open book, you used to say live and let live…” All good so far. But then we get a sentence that doesn’t seem to know when to finish. “But in this everchanging world in which we live in…” CLANG. Brakes on. A binful of prepositions, and all of a sudden Sir Paul is tripping over his own feet. Makes me give in and cry. Readership, you all know of my love and admiration for R.E.M. but even the saintly Michael Stipe gets it wrong every so often. Famously, the band’s first album Murmur was titled after Michael’s less than clear vocal delivery. Sometimes, it might be better if he mumbled a bit more. The lovely Leaving New York contains the line “…leaving was never my proud…” which I would dearly love someone to explain to me. It doesn’t even rhyme properly with the next line of the chorus. In a song that has a strong personal meaning for TLC and I, that line sticks out like a gangrenous thumb. Of course, the king of rotten lyrics is Simon Le Bon of Duran Duran. He seems to be quite happy to sling together any old word salad as long as it matches the tune. My personal favourite is from “Wild Boys”, where our Simon loses the plot and the ability to string a sentence together all at once: “You got sirens for a welcome There’s bloodstain for your pain And your telephone been ringing while You’re dancing in the rain Wild boys wonder where is glory Where is all you angels Now the figureheads have fell And lovers war with arrows over secrets they could tell…” There’s plenty more where that came from. Although I’d disagree with the school of thought that claims the line “You’re about as easy as a nuclear war” is one of the worst ever. It has the right level of over-the-top silliness that suits the Dran in their heyday. We could go on and on, but I don’t want to turn this into a simple “crap lyrics” post. It’s the lines that almost work that are the most fun. Besides which quoting out of context does every songwriter here a disservice. There is one that always makes me smile, though, and I want to conclude with Sade. I am happy to say she taught me something about American geography when she sang: “Coast to coast, LA to Chicago…” The Windy City is, as any fule with access to Google Maps no, 800 miles inland. I guess “LA to New Jersey” didn’t have the glamourous cosmopolitan ring Sade was after. Posted on May 30, 2011 May 30, 2011 Categories Geek Alert, music, ramblin'Tags duran duran, icicle works, lyrics, music, paul mccartney, r.e.m., sade, thin lizzy2 Comments on Lyrics That Make You Want To Listen To Instrumentals Let’s Show The Kids How To Do It: X&HT listened to Collapse Into Now Music week continues on X&HT as I look at the new record by my favourite band, R.E.M. Mentioning this has led to responses as varied as “Oh, are they still going?” through to “…pukies”. I can see I’ve got my work cut out with this one. Continue reading Let’s Show The Kids How To Do It: X&HT listened to Collapse Into Now Posted on March 9, 2011 March 9, 2011 Categories Blog, Geek Alert, music, reviewTags collapse into now, postaday2011, r.e.m.Leave a comment on Let’s Show The Kids How To Do It: X&HT listened to Collapse Into Now	cc/2022-05/en_head_0000.json.gz/line457
__label__cc	0.743251	0.256749	Construction industry: The men and women working in the construction industry The construction industry is filled with a lot of men. While the majority of construction workers in the U.S. are women, there are still many men in the field. According to a recent survey from CareerBuilder, nearly 60 percent of all construction workers are men, compared to less than 20 percent of construction industry workers overall. Women make up an important part of the construction workforce, especially in the South and Midwest, where they are often the first in line to be hired for construction jobs. While men are more likely to be employed in construction industry jobs, women are more often employed in manufacturing and service industries. The construction field also has a lot in common with the manufacturing industry, which is characterized by a high concentration of male workers. Women in construction have a number of roles in the industry, from construction engineers to structural engineers, to electrical, mechanical, and plumbing technicians. Some construction jobs are also held by men and have specific occupational roles. Women are more than twice as likely as men to work in manufacturing, with roughly 70 percent of manufacturing workers being female. There are also many occupations in construction where women are the majority, including electrical, plumbing, and other types of manufacturing. Some of the most common occupations in the manufacturing and construction industries include electricians, electricians and mechanics, welders, and metal machinists. The following infographic will explain some of the differences between these occupations. What is a female-dominated industry? Construction is a highly-female-dominated field. The most recent U.N. census data show that just 5 percent of American workers in construction are women. The U.K. and Germany are the only countries in the world where women hold less than one-third of construction jobs, according to the Uphold Women’s Construction Campaign. There is no question that women have been contributing to construction for a long time. Women began entering construction in the 1920s and 1930s as part of an industrial revolution that was happening in the United States. Construction began as a way to make money for the family. Women made the first steel-framed houses, then moved on to other types and eventually, the construction boom began in the 1960s and 1970s. Today, women account for more than half of all employees in the commercial, industrial, and residential sectors. The jobs women hold are varied. In the commercial sector, women make up nearly 60 to 70 percent, and in the residential sector, they make up 70 to 80 percent. Women also make up about 20 percent in the service sector. In construction, women also make a significant contribution to the construction labor force. Construction workers are often women of color, but they account for a larger share of the labor force in the industrial sector, as well. For example, one of the largest construction companies in the country is Gensler, which employs more than 8,000 people in the San Francisco Bay Area. Construction also has significant social and economic benefits for women, including a higher average hourly wage and a greater share of women in the workforce. In terms of the economic impact of women working on the construction site, there is no doubt that construction contributes to many jobs that are otherwise held by people of color. In fact, one-fifth of all jobs in construction in South Carolina are held by women, according the American Institute of Architects. The average salary of a woman construction worker is nearly $11.50 an hour, while the average salary for a man construction worker in South America is $21.20. Construction can also play a significant role in supporting the environment. In addition to providing jobs and economic value, the United Kingdom’s construction industry supports several conservation projects, including the Greenbelt in London. In recent years, the British government has made some notable environmental investments. One of the key projects that the country has undertaken is the construction of a high-tech, environmentally-friendly tower in south London. The tower, known as the Great Wall, was constructed in partnership with the British engineering firm Eton Engineering. The structure will be able to withstand extreme weather events and will be a key element in an ambitious project to install a network of solar-powered homes in the city. Another project, the Great London Tower, is located in central London and is designed to provide energy to the city’s electrical grid. The Great Wall is one of many projects that Genslers is taking part in to help protect the environment in London, England. What do construction companies do differently when it comes to hiring women? In terms. of hiring women, many construction companies are looking to find more diverse workers in their fields. The largest construction company in the state of Texas is G.E. Johnson Construction, which offers a number, such as mechanical and electrical workers. Many of these workers will be women of colour, and the company will be looking to increase the representation of women on their payroll. G. E. Johnson also hires more than Previous PostPrevious Construction bond: What it means for you and your family Next PostNext The Latest: World Cup stadiums, bridges, construction lights	cc/2022-05/en_head_0000.json.gz/line461
__label__wiki	0.954712	0.954712	Katsucon Entertainment Inc. Information Katsucon Entertainment Inc. Visit Organization's Site Katsucon Entertainment, Inc. is a non-profit corporation dedicated to educating the public as to all aspects of the art of animation and to increase the level of awareness and appreciation of animation among adults as well as children. Among other endeavors, KEI plans, organizes, and conducts Katsucon, a 3-day annual fan convention for multicultural enthusiasts and entertainment held in or around Washington D.C. Future/Previous Events Katsucon 2022 — February 18-20, 2022 Station Unity 2021 — August 20-22, 2021 Katsucon 1998 — February 27 - March 1, 1998 Katsucon 1997 — March 7-9, 1997 Katsucon 1996 — March 8-10, 1996	cc/2022-05/en_head_0000.json.gz/line465
__label__wiki	0.765789	0.765789	“The dissolution of Memorial marks a decisive step in the policy of controlling Russian society” January 2, 2022 by Paula Hooper Tribune. If it comes as a surprise to all those who observe with concern the authoritarian and ultranationalist drift of the regime of Vladimir Putin, the dissolution of Memorial marks a decisive step in the policy of control of Russian civil society and the establishment of ‘an official national story. Founded in 1989, it is indeed the oldest and most prominent Russian NGO. Its first president was the great Soviet physicist and dissident Nobel Peace Prize winner Andrei Sakharov. In reality, Memorial, like all Russian NGOs benefiting from support, moral or financial, from abroad, had been, for years, an organization on borrowed time, over which, since 2012, the sword had been suspended. of Damocles of the law stigmatizing “organizations acting as foreign agents”. One of the most remarkable peculiarities of Memorial’s action, for three decades, has been to combine the study of the Soviet past in its traumatic dimension so long and still largely obscured, the work of safeguarding mutilated memory and the defense of human rights in the present time. You cannot build a democratic society based on respect for human rights without knowing, understanding and remembering the past. Such has been, such is the credo of Memorialtsy, these men and women, of all ages and from all backgrounds who, from Saint Petersburg to Vladivostok, are involved, in some sixty regional branches, in this fight against oblivion and for a democratic Russia . Read also Russian NGO Memorial liquidated, memory locked I will not dwell here on the immense work accomplished by the “Human Rights” branch of the NGO – dissolved, for its part, under the pretext of “apologizing for terrorism and extremism” – to provide assistance and legal assistance to political prisoners, in particular in the regions of the Caucasus (Chechnya) which have for years been subjected to flagrant and repeated violations of human rights. I am more familiar with the work carried out by the “History and memory” branch of the NGO, which, since the beginning of the 1990s, has established itself as the most important world center for the study and documentation of repression and crimes. mass in the USSR. New national story Our colleagues at Memorial were pioneers in the study of the Gulag camps, of the Great Terror of 1937-1938, of the deportations of the 1930s and 1950s, but also of the dissidence of the 1960s and 1980s. They also responded to the famous injunction of the Russian poet Anna Akhmatova [1889-1966] about the victims of repression – “I would like to name you all by your name. But they took the list. Who should I ask the questions to? », In the epilogue of his collection Requiem [écrit entre 1935 et 1940] – by constituting a huge database (3.5 million names). Everyone can search for the name of a loved one who has disappeared. In addition, there is a unique collection of private archives (more than 60,000 files) bequeathed by the families of the victims. Memorial has also collected thousands of survivors’ testimonies and erected hundreds of memorials at the sites of the Great Terror massacre, most of which were found and exhumed by members of the NGO. We wish to thank the writer of this short article for this amazing content In Russia, justice orders the dissolution of the Human Rights Center of the NGO Memorial Lawyer Ilya Novikov holds a press conference at the exit of the Moscow court, Wednesday,… La Haine (1995): The engine of a society Cinema can also be a class in sociology. HateA masterpiece of European social cinema, it… Ukraine: Paris in the "fog" of the Russian hybrid war Two French planes, a Mirage 2000 and a Rafale, refuel in flight, escorted by a… Categories World News Tags controlling, decisive, dissolution, marks, Memorial, policy, Russian, Society, step Post navigation The € 10 facial cleanser Emilia Clarke uses for clean, radiant skin ‘Game Of Thrones’, ‘The Sopranos’ director Alan Taylor boards ZDF, Beta’s ‘The Swarm’	cc/2022-05/en_head_0000.json.gz/line472
__label__cc	0.562484	0.437516	UN-believable Categories: CSS Research And Articles, Highlights Georgetown, SC – Here in the Carolina Lowcountry, there are few things lower in the esteem of American citizens than the United Nations. While filling the tank of my SUV this morning, I noted the following about the pickup truck at the pump ahead of me: a South Carolina license plate; a USMC decal; an NRA decal; a gun rack in the rear window; a sticker reading “Armed Infidel” and another that said “Get US Out of the UN” on it. The owner, it turned out, was a medical doctor on his way to visit a patient. Apparently, down here, doctors still make house calls. Our brief conversation went something like this: Doctor: “You’re Colonel North, aren’t you? Me: “I better be. I’m using his credit card.” Doctor: “That’s a pretty Boykin spaniel you have there. Do you hunt her?” Me: “Every chance I get.” Doctor: “You’re on the NRA board, aren’t you?” Me: “Yes. I see you’re a member. Were you in the Marines?” Doctor: “No, my son is. He just got back from Afghanistan. I’m really proud of him, but I want him to get out and finish college before Obama sells us out to the U.N. They’re out to take away our Second Amendment rights. This isn’t about ‘gun rights.’ Guns don’t have rights. We do. ‘We the People’ have rights – and one of ‘em is the right to keep and bear arms. That’s why I belong to the NRA and why we ought to get out of the U.N.” We parted so he could get to his patient. In the car, I turned on the radio to hear the mellifluous voice of former U.N. Secretary-General Kofi Annan – now the U.N.’s “special emissary” – announcing in Geneva yet another “peace plan” for Syria. He claims to have had “productive discussions” in Damascus with Syrian dictator Bashar Assad on a “transition plan” and says that the U.N. Security Council must now “send a message to all that there will be consequences for noncompliance.” Annan’s announcement prompted a scurry of diplomats and “experts” rushing to microphones in New York, Washington, London, Paris and Moscow – all expounding on this “new initiative.” Meanwhile, the killing in Syria continues. Opposition groups and human rights organizations now estimate that more than 17,000 have been killed in the 15-month uprising against the Assad regime. The continuing catastrophe for the people of Syria isn’t likely to end any time soon. At the instigation of Annan’s “working group,” two separate Syrian opposition delegations went to Moscow this week, seeking concessions from the Kremlin on Russia’s backing for Assad. After meeting with Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov, they left empty-handed. Russian President Vladimir Putin is committed to retaining Russia’s naval base at Tartus, Syria. Moscow’s toehold in the Mediterranean Sea depends on Assad’s remaining in power. That’s why Russia will continue to use its veto power as a permanent member of the U.N. Security Council to block any serious sanctions against the Assad regime. The Syrian civil war is increasingly deadly – and a vivid reminder of what happens when the fate of a nation is placed in the hands of dithering diplomats at the United Nations. Everyone ought to know by now that U.N. bluster about serious “consequences for noncompliance” and utopian talk about a “transitional government in Damascus” are futile. And that’s in keeping with the U.N. track record on everything from stopping Iran from acquiring nuclear weapons and the means of delivering them to the disaster in Somalia. These failures go beyond the intransigence of Beijing and Moscow. They also point to the naïveté, incompetence and corruption in the “world body,” as the U.N. bills itself. It was Kofi Annan who promised to “clean up” the U.N. after FOX News exposed rampant fraud and bribery in the so-called oil-for-food program, which helped prop up Saddam Hussein’s brutal regime in Baghdad. Apparently, he missed some. Two months ago, FOX News reported that the United Nations World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) shipped sophisticated computer technology to North Korea in violation of U.N.-imposed sanctions. Now it’s apparent that more high-tech computers were shipped by WIPO to Iran. Adding insult to injury, the banned shipments were financed by the United Nations Development Programme – which gets most of its support from U.S. taxpayers. Last year, the U.S. forked over more than $8 billion to the U.N. – about 25 percent of the organization’s budget. Apparently, that’s not enough. This week, the U.N. told its 193 member countries that “donor nations” will have to increase their “contributions,” and it has suggested “voluntary taxes” on carbon emissions, billionaires and currency transactions. No wonder the doctor who admired my dog wants us to get out of the U.N. Maybe we should start by moving the U.N. out of the U.S. How about Mogadishu? Oliver North ← Independence Day 2012 11th Marines Family Day →	cc/2022-05/en_head_0000.json.gz/line480
__label__wiki	0.580147	0.580147	Tea Party and Christian Coalition: A Pending Marriage? Ralph Reed, the former Christian Coalition wunderkind, has risen from the disgrace of the Jack Abramoff scandal and come to Washington this week to show he still has some political chops. His new Faith and Freedom Coalition hosted a conference and strategy briefing at the ritzy Mayflower Hotel, a sort of “grassroots ‘NFL mini-camp,'” according to Reed. Big-name and old-time GOP luminaries dominated the first day of the event Friday: Newt Gingrich, Karl Rove, and of course, Reed himself. Saturday, though, the focus has turned a bit to the new wave of conservative politics: the tea party movement. And tea partiers, who’ve often shunned such establishment ties, actually showed up to speak to a full house of the religious-right faithful. Mark Meckler and Jenny Beth Martin, the national coordinators of the Tea Party Patriots, joined Anastasia Przybyiski, the co-chair of the Kitchen Table Patriots, to brief the group on what’s up with the tea party, a movement that Reed seems keen on courting. Meckler and Martin seemed unlikely members of the Faith and Freedom club; Meckler has frequently told me that the tea party is not about social issues and that TPP specifically stays away from them because they are too divisive. TPP’s mission statement is short and to the point in this regard, focusing solely on fiscal responsibility, constitutionally limited government, and free markets. Yet after his introduction, when the panel moderator asked Meckler whether the tea party was just a bunch of angry white people, Meckler made a point of first emphasizing that not only were tea partiers angry, but they were angry specifically because of “this idea of separation of church and state. We’re angry about the removal of God from the public square.” It was the sort of bone you’d expect a politician to throw to the devout Christian crowd—the foot soldiers of the old GOP any aspiring candidate needs to woo. But then again, Meckler these days has the look of someone contemplating a run for office. Not only has he been heading up significant fundraising efforts worthy of the RNC, but he’s taken an increasingly public role in the tea party movement. I asked him after he spoke whether he or the Tea Party Patriots are going to be working with Reed’s new project, but Meckler said he was simply in the room to talk. “We share values,” he explained. When I questioned whether tea partiers were really first and foremost upset about the “removal of God from the public square,” he said, “absolutely. If you talk to any rank and file tea party member and they’ll say that they’re worried about it.” But if tea partiers’ are so concerned about separation of church and state, how come Meckler’s group doesn’t ever talk about it? “We don’t deal with those issues,” he said. Rhetoric befitting an aspiring GOP candidate. Post-Beck Tea Party’s Strange Bedfellows Ralph Reed Joins Health Care Fight Abramoff’s Favorite Think Tank Schools Tea Partiers on Health Care Ralph Reed’s Rank Hypocrisy: Nothing New Julian Brookes	cc/2022-05/en_head_0000.json.gz/line484
__label__wiki	0.538992	0.538992	ODIVELAS PROPERTY GUIDE Close to Lisbon with an identity of its own Home / Area guide / Portugal / Lisbon Surroundings / Odivelas March 20, 2019 Julia Why Odivelas property? Odivelas is a city and municipality that can be found just outside of Lisbon, boasting its own amenities, leisure and lifestyle options while also being a comparatively calm place to settle down. Considered by many people to be an great place to live, there are many reasons why you should have your eye on Odivelas property. Though being located just to the north of Lisbon, Odivelas has an identity that’s distinct from its bustling neighbour. Though quieter, it boasts its own variety of amenities that will see that you have everything you need in close proximity. Odivelas is divided into four freguesias (‘parishes’ in English), and the total population is close to 150,000. The average price per square metre for a house in Odivelas is , while the average square metre price of an apartment is . Investment opportunities are currently available for per square metre. Leisure and lifestyle in Odivelas In terms of transport connections, Odivelas is serviced by two stations on Lisbon’s metro network: Senhor Roubado and Odivelas are the final two stops on the Yellow line, meaning that you can arrive in the city centre in just twenty minutes. At the same time, there is an expressway that links Odivelas to Lisbon and other parts of the region. It’s for this reason that many of those who work in central Lisbon see the benefits of settling down in Odivelas and surrounding areas. Odivelas property is conveniently close to Lisbon’s international airport, just a fifteen minute drive away. When it comes to amenities, Odivelas has developed a lot over the years and now offers a range of cafés, shops, supermarkets and hypermarkets all in walking distance. The Strada Outlet shopping centre is a mere five minute drive from the centre of Odivelas, while Dolce Vita Tejo is another mall that can be found just a twelve minute drive away in neighbouring Amadora. Green spaces include the Rio da Costa park and the Jardim da Música – ‘Garden of Music’ in English. These are great spots to walk the dog or go for a run in your down time. Being on the border with Lisbon, Odivelas has easy access to everything the capital city has to offer, from museum days out to bustling nightlife. The Calouste Gulbenkian museum, which showcases ancient and modern art and architecture, is a short distance away in Avenidas Novas. At night, the Bairro Alto bar scene is an eternal favourite amongst locals, while excellent restaurants dot the glamourous neighbourhood of Chiado. If it’s fine dining you’re interested in, why not try Adega Tia Matilde, a Michelin-starred restaurant in nearby Entrecampos? This traditional Portuguese establishment introduces you to the best cuisine that the country has to offer. Odivelas property is close enough yet far enough from Lisbon: it’s ideal for anyone who gets tired out by the fast city life but would still like to have everything they need close by.	cc/2022-05/en_head_0000.json.gz/line489
__label__wiki	0.982349	0.982349	Locals believe in Tebow By Mari Pothier \| gargoyle@flagler.edu Photo by Mary Elizabeth Fair Local high school football coach Craig Howard believes Tim Tebow will have great success in the NFL. As Tebow’s former football coach at Allen D. Nease High School in Ponte Vedra, Howard has watched Tebow progress as a football player and when asked if Tebow has what it takes to be in the pros he said, “without a doubt.” Many people in the sports world are focused on Tebow’s elongated throwing motion which swoops down below the waist. It is this throwing motion that has caused many to believe Tebow may have trouble making it in the pros as a quarterback. ESPN reporter Mark Schlaback echoes these concerns. “NFL scouts and general managers love Tebow’s production and leadership skills, but some have long been alarmed by his slow and sometimes unorthodox throwing motion,” Schlaback said. But Howard thinks Tebow will prove these doubts wrong. “There are a lot of quarterbacks who are not as good as Timmy,” Howard said. “He’ll work night and day to correct it.” The St. Augustine Record reports that Tebow has been working with David Lee, the quarterbacks coach for the Miami Dolphins, to improve his throwing motion. In 2003, Lee helped Tony Romo develop his throwing motion back. “I really feel Tim Tebow has an excellent opportunity to be in the pros,” Dr. Allen Bohl, an adjunct professor at Flagler College, the former assistant athletic director for Ohio State University and the former athletic director at the University of Toledo, Fresno State and the University of Kansas, said. Bohl said Tebow has great physical strength, has had to play against some of the toughest teams in college football and is an accurate thrower. Bohl also believes Tebow will make it as a quarterback. “The guy knows how to be a quarterback,” Bohl said. Tebow has great athleticism in the game of football. “Tebow has thrown for more than 6,300 yards with 67 touchdowns and has never thrown more than six interceptions in a season,” Schlaback said. “As a sophomore in 2007 Tebow became the first player in NCAA history to run for at least 20 touchdowns and pass for at least 20 in the same season.” But not everyone feels Tebow will be successful at the national level. “He is a great leader and heck, he’s Tim Tebow — a household name,” Brooks Stapleton, a junior at Flagler College went to Nease with Tebow, said. “Yes he can run the ball like no other – I’ve seen that since high school. But in the NFL he cannot run the ball 20 times per game and be successful.” Howard hopes Tebow will be drafted by the Jacksonville Jaguars, but knows the prospects are unlikely. He believes Bill Belichick and the New England Patriots are likely to draft Tebow. Bohl also thinks New England is a good possibility along with the San Diego Chargers and the New Orleans Saints. “Coaches like people who are coachable,” Bohl said. “He’d be happy to be a back up. He makes everyone else he is playing with play at a higher level.” Tebow also has great character off the field. “Tebow is a Christian soldier,” Bohl said. “He will play hard and honor the Lord.” Saints volleyball marches on 22-game streak to PBC tournament Volleyball team surges into NCAA Regional tournament Saints win again, advance to Final Four Features, Sports Saints fall short of finals Be the first to comment on "Locals believe in Tebow"	cc/2022-05/en_head_0000.json.gz/line490
__label__wiki	0.58127	0.58127	The disgraceful crusade against the LGB Alliance On: 28 December 2020 In: LGBT AGENDA, Opinion ‘We believe that biological sex is observed in the womb and/or at birth and not assigned’. It also believes that current gender ideologies – such as genderfluidity, sex as a ‘feeling’, the idea that a man who identifies as a woman can be a lesbian, etc. – are ‘pseudo-scientific’. In Britain, in 2020, a gay-rights group is being hounded for daring to promote the virtues of same-sex attraction. Mobs of angry people are trying to destroy it. They’ve branded it hateful, disgusting, dangerous. They have even tried to bankrupt it. For the ‘crime’ of saying it’s fine that people of the same sex are attracted to each other, this group has become the target of one of the most vicious campaigns of the year. Only it isn’t old-style homophobes with blue rinses and crucifixes who are waging war on this gay-rights group. It’s the PC left. It’s supposedly correct-thinking commentators, trans activists and others who pride themselves on being progressive and decent. What might once have been Bible-waving fundamentalists or homophobic skinheads is now right-on millennials. The group in question is the LGB Alliance. Anyone who thinks that cancel culture doesn’t exist, that it is a myth made up by right-wing culture warriors, should Google the LGB Alliance. The hatred for this group is intense. The efforts to cancel LGB Alliance – by branding it a ‘hate group’, depriving it of opportunities to raise money, and robbing it of the oxygen of publicity – are out of control. Its crime? It is sceptical of some of the claims of transgender activists. Hence there is no ‘T’ in its name. Its aim is to protect and promote the interests of people who are attracted to the same sex – that is, lesbians, gay men and bisexuals – and therefore it believes that the reality of sex is quite an important thing. As its website says, ‘We believe that biological sex is observed in the womb and/or at birth and not assigned’. It also believes that current gender ideologies – such as genderfluidity, sex as a ‘feeling’, the idea that a man who identifies as a woman can be a lesbian, etc. – are ‘pseudo-scientific’. The key reason the LGB Alliance rejects the ‘T’ of transgenderism is because it believes that the cult of genderfluidity poses a risk to the rights of people who are attracted to people of the same sex. For example, if people with male body parts can identify as lesbians – which they can, and often do – then this shrinks the space for actual lesbians (women attracted to women) to express their concerns and interests. That is why a lesbian group called ‘Get the L Out’ stormed to the front of the Pride march in London in 2018 — to raise awareness of the possible erasure of lesbians if born men can be lesbians too. For raising these concerns about the new gender ideologies – politely, intellectually – LGB Alliance has been rounded on in a deranged way. There was another explosion of hatred against the group this week. The gay magazine Boyz became the target of visceral contempt for daring to retweet the sinners of LGB Alliance on its Twitter feed. Boyz faced a ‘blistering backlash’, said Pink News, with relish. Boyz responded by suggesting that people should not jump to conclusions about LGB Alliance and we should ‘hear them out’. That made matters worse. Hear someone out? That isn’t the done thing in the cancel-culture era. We silence people, we don’t listen to them. Soon, mobs of people were targeting companies that advertise in Boyz or who stock this evil magazine. And these efforts to marshal the power of capital to silence a gay magazine were successful. Pride has disassociated itself from Boyz. The Vauxhall Tavern said it would no longer stock it. Eventually, the magazine was defeated by the mob. It apologised to ‘all our readers, venues and advertisers for the publicity we have given to the LGB Alliance’. There is a whiff of neo-Stalinism to all this. A publication was essentially blacklisted for expressing a view that runs counter to the new orthodoxy. It was forced into a very public climbdown in an effort to save its business and the jobs of its staff from the unforgiving mob. All for promoting a group that has the temerity to exercise its freedom of association to promote the interests of lesbians, gay people and bisexuals rather than anyone else. In the past it would have been nutty homophobes who tried to revoke the freedom of association of gays and lesbians; now it’s the hyper-woke. LGB Alliance has also been prevented from fundraising. Its haters were successful in getting it removed from the JustGiving and GoFundMe websites. One of LGB Alliance’s founders — the barrister and gay-rights stalwart Allison Bailey — is being investigated by her Chambers for being ‘transphobic’. The message is clear: if you dare to question the orthodoxy, if you talk about sex rather than gender, if you think lesbians are female, then you will be crushed. People often misuse the word bigotry. A bigot, in the words of the Oxford English Dictionary, is ‘intolerance towards those who hold different opinions from oneself’. So, tell me – who are the real bigots in the mad crusade against LGB Alliance? The alliance itself, for merely talking about the reality of sex and same-sex attraction? Or the furious, insult-spewing mobs who are doing everything they can to shame and shut it down? I think we know the answer. WRITTEN BYBrendan O’Neill Brendan O’Neill is the editor of Spiked, the online magazine. 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__label__cc	0.725794	0.274206	Make America Great, Again? October 21, 2018 Gilberto Cintron Politics, Read This I much as I disagree with almost everything Republican, I must admit that I admire their tenacity and ability to identify an issue and stick with it until it comes to fruition. By hook or by crook Republicans always seem to get thier’s. Rebublicans have a view of America and work toward it. Even when defeated they simply move forward. They have played the long con and it seems to have worked. As a party they made efforts to elect candidates to state-wide office, which I must say, they have managed to do brilliantly. Democrats, on the other hand, seem to have concentrated almost exclusively on the executive of both State and Federal levels. Why are state positions important to the overall Republican plan? Well for one thing the electoral college. The electoral college is made up of the congresperson and senators of each state PLUS the state level elected officials, that means State level offices and party leaders. If you recall, Both George W. Bush and Donald Trump lost the popular vote but won the office because of the electoral college. If you don’t know what the electrol college is you may want to check this out. Millinials are to young to remember the whole hanging Chad incident that caused Al Gore to challenge the ballots. This challenge made it all the way to the Supreme Court where the conservative block gave the election to Bush. That election more than any other demonstrated how important every SINGLE vote is. The election of 2016 had Hillary Clinton winning the popular vote by a margin of 3 to 1 yet it is Donald Trump that sits in the Oval office. The lesson should be that there is no room for apathy among people of color and other minorities. For every person of color that throws up thier’s hands and refuses to participate in our democracy, three Republicans and or Conservatives get bolstered. Even hustlers and players and all manner of street people better snap out of the apathic state they are in. The rights that just about every American knows of from TV cops, you know the one that says “you have the right to remain silence”. Well those rights are called the Miranda Rights and they come from a 1966 criminal case that made its way to the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court, the highest court in the land interprets the law. If that court is made up of a majority of conservative thinkers, then one thing we can be certain of, they will have the ability to interpret the law in a manner that serves thier needs and views and not the views of the rest of the population or the 99% and there is nothing anyone can do about it. Why? Because Supreme Court Justices are appointed for life. They can not be fired they can only be removed by impeachment and then sentenced to firing by the US Senate. And in the entire history of the USA that has never happened. There has never been an impeachment of a Supreme Court Justice. In fact only 2 Presidents in history have ever been impeached. The first was Andrew Johnson, in 1868, for dismissing Edwin M. Stanton as secretary of war and the second was Bill Clinton, in 1998 for charges of lying under oath in regards to sexual relations with a White House intern. But never a Supreme Court Justice. With the confirmation of Brett Kavenaugh to the high Court the Conservatives control the majority of the votes on the Supreme court. That majority on the court puts many things in jepardy. Things like: Roe Vs. Wade which has to do with a womans right to control her own body, ie reproduction. Immigration, Climate, Evolution Vs. the so-called intelligent design, and so many other rights that I can’t enumerate here. But, for the first time in America’s history the Republican party controls all branches of government. This happened one time before when FRD was President thanks to the New Deal Coalition. Because of this realignment of Government Blacks, Catholics, Jews and other minorities were allowed more participation in the electoral process in this country, which made it possible for the election of Barrack Obama, the first African-American President. Since then, Republicans have been trying to gain control of the Government in order to reverse some of the rights minority Americans have gained. The Republicans feel that those rights have deminished the white mans rights and as they have been shouting in election after election “We must take back our country” or more recently “Make American great again” but that means building a wall, striping women of thier reproductive rights, doing away with what’s left of affirmative action, doing away with any debate for sensible gun control policy, etc, etc. We are in danger of fascism. A dictatorship lead by Donald Trump in which the 1% will control all wealth, access to food, water and everything else that makes us free human beings. In less than 3 weeks Americans will have one last chance to put our country back on course. If the Democrats do not take back at least one house we will become another World War II Germany but this time it will not just be Jews that get incinerated, it will be everyone that is not SUPER RICH, and by the new definition super rich means being multi-billionaires. If you dont believe what I’m saying, consider this, Trump allowed a few multi-millionaires to be part of this cabinet just so he can say the poor are represented. andrew johnsonBill Clintonclimate changedemocratsdonald trumpelectrol collegeevolutionfdrgeorge w bushhanging chadHillary ClintonImpeachmentintelligent designmiranda rightsnew deal coalitionrepublicanssuper rich Previous Post:Until The Fat Lady Sings Next Post:For Democracy’s Sake	cc/2022-05/en_head_0000.json.gz/line494
__label__cc	0.566025	0.433975	Institutional overview David Souter http://www.ictdevelopment.co.uk Institutions 1.98 MB This overview chapter is concerned with ways in which global institutions have addressed access to infrastructure since the World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS), particularly during the last year (2007-2008). The policies and practice of global institutions usually change gradually rather than dramatically. The chapter therefore seeks to put their role in context. Its first section reviews key issues in recent debate about access to infrastructure. The second section considers recent developments in institutional policy and future access challenges. The access debate The starting point for this discussion is an understanding of access and the relationship between infrastructure and the access challenge. This section reviews the WSIS access objectives and then considers institutional approaches to three issues: the relationship between supply- and demand-side aspects of access; types and levels of service provision; and types and levels of infrastructure. WSIS access objectives The WSIS outcome documents stress perceived benefits of access to information and communications technologies (ICTs) and the desirability of universal access to high-quality (fast, cheap and reliable) ICT services and equipment. The Geneva Plan of Action, dating from November 2003 but largely agreed in earlier preparatory WSIS meetings, sought to define what access meant here through a list of targets, modelled on the Millennium Development Goals (the internationally agreed objectives in mainstream development areas such as health and education). These targets are set out in Box 1. Box 1: Geneva Plan of Action connectivity targets To connect villages with ICTs and establish community access points To connect universities, colleges, secondary schools and primary schools with ICTs To connect scientific and research centres with ICTs To connect public libraries, cultural centres, museums, post offices and archives with ICTs To connect health centres and hospitals with ICTs To connect all local and central government departments and establish websites and e-mail addresses To adapt all primary and secondary school curricula to meet the challenges of the information society, taking into account national circumstances To ensure that all of the world's population have access to television and radio services To encourage the development of content and to put in place technical conditions in order to facilitate the presence and use of all world languages on the internet To ensure that more than half the world’s inhabitants have access to ICTs within their reach. Source: WSIS Geneva Plan of Action, para. 6: www.itu.int/wsis/docs/geneva/official/poa.html The targets present two analytical challenges: Firstly, they are imprecise. It is unclear what level of access/connectivity is intended (from a single telephone per village to widespread broadband deployment). This leaves them, effectively, non-measurable. Secondly, they are of their time. The pace of change in ICT technology and usage is such that targets need regular revision to retain contemporary meaning. Recent mobile telephone access targets, for example, have been rapidly exceeded and required revision everywhere. The institutional framework established by WSIS to monitor progress towards its targets has also been weak: Action line meetings to review WSIS outcomes are held in Geneva each May. One session, coordinated by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), is concerned with “information and communication infrastructure: an essential foundation for an inclusive information society”. However, in practice, this enables information exchange rather than coordination of policy or implementation plans. Overall review of WSIS implementation is undertaken by the UN Commission on Science and Technology for Development (CSTD). This also lacks any strategic role on infrastructure plans. “Access” is a key theme of the annual Internet Governance Forum (IGF), established on the recommendation of WSIS. This meets annually, most recently in Rio de Janeiro in November 2007. It provides a forum for multi-stakeholder discussion about internet issues, including access, but has no decision-making powers. The WSIS follow-up framework, in short, merely provides discussion fora. Global institutional activity in relation to access and connectivity is largely developed, as before WSIS, within individual institutions rather than in global fora, though there has been some increased coordination (see examples below). Supply- and demand-side approaches to access Much literature about access to ICTs, particularly from development banks and international financial institutions (IFIs), focuses on the supply side – especially the supply of large-scale infrastructure. This top-down approach reflects approaches in other infrastructure sectors such as power, transport and water. IFIs particularly emphasise the value of infrastructure in enabling economic growth at a macro-economic level. Infrastructure is essential for access: without it, people cannot use the services that networks make available. However, meaningful access – at community or individual level – requires more than infrastructure. People also need the funds to afford access, the skills required to make use of services and equipment, and the availability of content which is of value to them. Broader understandings of access – more commonly found in literature from development agencies such as the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the Canadian International Development Research Centre (IDRC) – stress demand-side factors which focus on enabling communities and empowering citizens. The enabling policy and regulatory framework for communications is of concern to both IFIs and social development institutions. Strategies concerned with liberalisation and interconnection, for example, affect both the pace and nature of infrastructure deployment and the price and quality of services to end-users. Meaningful analysis of access therefore needs to consider both supply- and demand-side factorsandthe enabling framework which is created by governments and business. Since the 1980s, global institutions have emphasised this enabling framework while leaving financial investment largely to the private sector. There is ongoing debate amongst global institutions about the relative importance of access to basic telephony and internet/broadband services in developing countries. The context for this debate has shifted significantly this past year, because of technological and market change. The availability of voice telephony has been transformed during the last decade by the advent of mass mobile cellular markets. Until the late 1990s, there was a large and growing gap in access to voice telephony between industrial and developing countries. Fixed-line teledensity in highly industrial countries had reached over 90% of households, while in least developed countries (LDCs) it languished below 1%. Most telephone companies believed they could not recover fixed-network deployment costs in low-income communities, particularly in rural areas, and so networks were concentrated on urban areas and inter-urban routes. The advent of mobile networks has changed the economics of communications infrastructure. Wireless networks are cheaper to deploy and have a lower proportion of fixed costs – making it possible to recover investment costs more quickly. Mobile voice networks have therefore been widely deployed in low-income countries, through private investment. Teledensities in much of Africa have now reached 25% or more. The GSM Association (GSMA) – the leading association of cellular mobile companies – believes mobile networks can cover 95% of the global population on commercial terms. The World Bank, too, expects 90% of Africans to be provided with telephony by commercial networks. The “digital divide” in voice telephony is therefore narrowing rapidly, with little financial involvement by IFIs or development agencies. Global institutions disagree about the sufficiency of this rapid growth in voice telephony. Some have argued that rapid growth in access to telephony – which requires few skills for use and delivers rapid benefits to all – should be prioritised, and that internet access will develop organically from this. Others argue that the important “digital divide” between societies and communities depends on access to the internet and broadband networks, which offer greater economic and empowerment value and which should therefore be prioritised. This institutional debate is important because it affects decisions about the need for financial investment, particularly the use of public or IFI/development agency funds, and the need for fixed as well as wireless access networks. The debate is also changing as technology and markets evolve: On the supply side, past assumptions that expensive fixed networks are required to provide broadband access are being challenged by new wireless technologies like Wi-Fi and WiMAX. On the demand side, the prevalence of mobile phone access vis-à-visfixed broadband networks suggests that most users in LDCs will gain internet experience through upgraded (third generation) mobile devices rather than fixed lines. ICT businesses have responded more quickly to these technological and market changes than global institutions. Many businesses are now planning on the assumption that mass access to broadband in low-income countries will develop first through wireless, not fixed infrastructure. Global institutions are beginning to follow, but there is a need for sharper dialogue between ICT, funding agency and development professionals. Infrastructure tiers There are many ways of illustrating layers of ICT supply. Many readers will be familiar with the distinction commonly made between transport, services, terminal and content layers. Here, we are concerned with tiers within the transport (transmission or infrastructure) layer, of which three are particularly significant: International infrastructure Regional or national infrastructure The local access network. All three tiers are required for access to global telephony or internet to be available in a community. Thequalityof access, in particular its bandwidth, will be primarily determined by the lowest quality amongst these tiers. For example, a high-bandwidth local access network which accesses the internet through low-bandwidth international infrastructure will provide low-bandwidth access to end-users. Thecostof access, meanwhile, will depend on cumulative costs incurred. High-quality, affordable internet access will only be available to end-users if cheap, high-quality infrastructure is available in all three tiers. Data from 2006, for example, suggest that the average retail price for (generally lower quality) broadband access in sub-Saharan Africa was USD 366 per month, compared with between USD 6 and USD 44 for (generally higher quality) access in India (Williams, 2008). Each tier poses different access and infrastructure challenges to policymakers in governments and global institutions. Some of the key issues are as follows. The availability of international infrastructure varies greatly by geography. Very high traffic volumes can be conveyed by highly competitive submarine cable networks linking North America, Europe and the Pacific Rim, resulting in very low transit costs. Where submarine cables are non-competitive or non-existent (as in West and East Africa respectively), they offer much more limited (and so much slower) connectivity at much higher prices. Landlocked countries are also affected by the additional cost of cross-border connectivity to reach international cables, or the high cost and low capacity of satellite infrastructure. The availability, cost and quality of regional and national “backbones” –high-capacity infrastructure between local access and international networks – also varies substantially. In industrial countries, there is typically competition between backbones owned by fixed and mobile service providers and other carriers selling wholesale network capacity. These backbones usually rely on fibre-optic cable, which offers high capacity, but whose deployment involves significant fixed costs which can only be recovered rapidly where there is high demand. In low-income countries, there is usually much less competition, resulting in higher costs to users. In some areas, especially Africa, lower-capacity microwave links provide much backbone infrastructure. In addition, regulations often require other service providers to use the incumbent operator’s backbone network or restrict the resale of capacity on mobile operators’ backbone networks. In the past, telephone companies in developing countries assumed that demand in rural areas was insufficient to make (fixed) local access networks viable without subsidy. Recent private investment in (mobile cellular) networks suggests that only the remotest rural areas are commercially unviable, and universal access subsidies are now rarely needed for basic voice telephony. The economics of broadband networks are more challenging. There is therefore discussion in institutions about whether subsidies are required to facilitate higher-capacity fixed networks, and about the implications of possible broadband network monopolies. The response of global institutions The issues above raise questions for global institutions in two main areas: The technology and financing of infrastructure deployment, which primarily determine theavailabilityof access. The regulation of infrastructure and markets, which primarily determine theaffordabilityof access. Since the early 1980s, global institutions have considered a willing private sector the primary source of investment for communications infrastructure, releasing IFI funds for more difficult infrastructure funding challenges like transport, power and water. This approach has seemed increasingly appropriate to them as wireless networks have been deployed, reaching much larger geographic areas and populations. Institutions have therefore focused on influencing policy and regulatory frameworks in order to encourage private investment and promote competition – in particular through liberalisation, the opening of markets to foreign investment and the removal of restrictions on the use of infrastructure and technology. The scale of investment in ICT infrastructure in recent years is impressive. Between 1996 and 2006, some USD 23 billion was invested in telecommunications infrastructure in sub-Saharan Africa alone, the large majority by private sector telecommunications businesses. The geographic reach of telephone networks (in terms of the proportion of citizens enjoying access, public or private) has risen to 75% or more in many countries. The comparable 2006 figure for electric power – which has seen much greater public investment by IFIs and development agencies – was 40% or less.[1]Even higher levels of private investment are anticipated for the future. At the ITU’s Connect Africa conference (Rwanda, October 2007), the GSMA “committed” its members to investing a further USD 50 billion between 2007 and 2012, entirely on commercial terms (ITU, 2007). IFIs will not normally invest where private investment is available. However, as noted above, recent years have seen debate about the relative economics and developmental value of basic telephony and internet/broadband services and networks. Two issues have been prominent: While voice telephony may be commercially viable in almost all contexts, there will be some remote rural areas and small islands where it is not and where access infrastructure will require public investment or subsidy. The range of areas in which internet/broadband access may not be commercially viable is likely to be higher than that for voice telephony, and will include many more low-income rural areas. This is especially so if fixed infrastructure is required for broadband. This debate focused during WSIS on the work of a Task Force on Financial Mechanisms (TFFM). Key conclusions of the Task Force, which were adopted by WSIS, included agreement amongst global institutions that: Investment in ICTs should come primarily from the private sector. Regulatory reform – including the promotion of liberalisation and open communications markets – should continue to be the foundation for institutional engagement with the sector. Nevertheless, there was scope for more public-private partnerships and the creative use of short-term public funding for capital investment where commercial viability was uncertain or unlikely. This might include both remote rural areasandthe more general deployment of higher-capacity networks. There might also be scope for public participation, alongside the private sector, in major infrastructure investments such as regional backbones. Existing institutional funding mechanisms were sufficient to enable this additional investment. No new mechanisms were required. The approach set out by the TFFM continues to provide the framework in which global institutions address access infrastructure. Their primary focus is on policy and regulatory reform. However, some institutions also provide investment support where private finance is not sufficiently forthcoming. Since WSIS, this has led to some loosening of constraints on financial support for major infrastructure investments – for example, the International Finance Corporation’s support for the Eastern Africa Submarine Cable System (EASSy) cable and agreements between African nations and the European Union (EU) on future infrastructure investment. There has also been some cooperation between funding institutions. While institutional interventions are usually piecemeal and do not form part of a global strategy for access development or for the use of infrastructure in development, the following paragraphs briefly illustrate examples of current interventions. The best-known instance concerns the deployment of fibre-optic cable along Africa’s east coast, the last major stretch of coastline without submarine cable access. For years before 2008, proposals to lay the EASSy cable, linking East African countries with South Africa and the Middle East (and thereby global cable networks), were mired in controversy. Amongst other things, there were fears that without appropriate regulatory intervention, EASSy’s owners (mostly state-owned fixed network operators) would charge monopoly prices for cable capacity to their competitors. The World Bank Group offered financial support for EASSy on condition that it adopted open access principles (see below). By the time EASSy resolved structural and management disputes in 2008, at least two competing private-sector-led initiatives were underway to lay alternative cables linking East Africa to global networks. These reflected new assessments of commercial viability and suggested that competition rather than institutional investment would stimulate new infrastructure. The New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD) initially saw EASSy as part of an institutionally led ICT Broadband Infrastructure Network for Africa. NEPAD’s e-Africa Commission has promoted this large-scale programme, which envisages undersea cables along the East African coast and beyond Africa as well as new cross-border regional backbone infrastructure designed to address capacity problems within the continent. Broadband infrastructure is treated as a “public good” in this proposal, with ownership of infrastructure separated from use and also subject to open access principles. NEPAD believes that a comprehensive approach like this will attract the best mix of institutional and private funding. However, the complex design, financial and management arrangements required have caused problems, including the loss of EASSy from the project. Another poorly served region with a major infrastructure renewal plan is the Pacific, where small low-income populations are dispersed over very large areas of ocean. Here, a regionally agreed Pacific Plan Digital Strategy aims to address the access challenge by improving local access to ICTs, particularly in remote and rural areas; increasing international bandwidth; reducing costs; removing inappropriate regulation; and strengthening capacity to make use of ICTs (thereby increasing demand). The strategy includes both new international submarine infrastructure (to reduce international transit costs) and an Australian-funded satellite network to improve local access in remoter islands. These examples involve institutional participation within mixed (public/private) funding structures. Although there has been some shift in international institutions’ thinking about financial engagement with ICT infrastructure, their primary approach continues to emphasise policy and regulatory reform. An important example of new thinking in this area can be found in a paper concerned with regional and national backbones, which was published by the World Bank and the associated ICT for development agencyinfoDev in August (Williams, 2008). Wireless networks, which have low fixed costs and are readily scalable, are generally cheaper in the short and medium term where demand is relatively low. Fixed networks, with higher fixed costs, are generally cheaper in the medium and longer term where demand is high. This is as true of backbone networks as it is of local access networks. In most countries, core backbones have been implemented by fixed network incumbents, which have predominantly installed fixed (cable) infrastructure. In Africa, however, fixed networks were much less pervasive before the “mobile revolution”, and so most backbone capacity is owned by mobile operators rather than incumbents. Much of this mobile network backbone is made up of microwave rather than cable infrastructure. The World Bank paper is consistent with established institutional thinking about access infrastructure in that its policy prescriptions rest on two complementary components: creating an enabling environment for competition, and stimulating roll-out in underserved areas. The Bank thinks it “likely” that some rural areas will continue to require public funding – through subsidies, shared infrastructure or incentives – but envisages most access challenges being addressed through measures to promote investment, stimulate downstream (service) competition, and reduce political and commercial risks. The continued emphasis on policy and regulatory reform, and the relationship between ICTs and other infrastructure, are also well illustrated by the EU-Africa Infrastructure Trust Fund, agreed between the European and African Unions in 2007. This aims to support infrastructure development in energy, transport, water and communications. In the ICT context, it aims to “develop connections with continental and regional networks while opening up the telecommunications sector to competition for efficient and low-cost provision of ICT services.” In its first year, the Fund allocated EUR 109 million to initiatives, but only 5% of this, concerned with regulatory reform, addressed communications. A final word in this context about community networks. There is interest in some development agencies in the possibility of building access outwards from remote or marginal communities, rather than relying on established national networks to overcome the access challenge. A number of examples of community networks have emerged, in both urban and rural areas, sponsored by local authorities or development agencies. Some of these are using new technologies such as Wi-Fi. Many have leveraged other funding sources, such as development finance for other infrastructure and/or volunteer labour, to reduce costs and so enable cost-effectiveness. Further research is needed on these initiatives, but they may provide a way of facilitating higher-quality affordable access in remote communities before this is likely to be offered by the mainstream communications sector. Regulatory issues The influence of regulatory choice on infrastructure deployment is considerable and much debated within global institutions, including the World Bank and ITU. Rapid changes in technology and markets mean that regulatory choices are inherently obsolescent. International institutions are exploring the regulatory opportunities of new technologies and network types (notably Wi-Fi and WiMAX), and of changing market demand, as part of their overall thinking about the industry. Open access is one regulatory approach which has been backed, amongst others, by both the World Bank and by APC. Open access requires infrastructure owners to make downstream access to their networks available to competitors on non-discriminatory terms. It is particularly relevant where there are only one or two available routes which downstream network and service providers can use to connect customers to global networks, and where there is therefore a risk that owners of “bottleneck” facilities will extract monopoly prices which raise the cost of access to end-users. It has been an important issue in the debates about African submarine cable infrastructure. Another example of regulatory impact on access and access prices arises from restrictions which some governments place on the wholesale market for backbone infrastructure. Where fixed networks are limited in geographical extent, the majority of national backbone infrastructure is likely to belong to mobile cellular companies. Regulations designed to protect fixed network incumbents sometimes prevent mobile operators from reselling capacity on their backbones. There may be similar constraints on the communications infrastructure owned by other utilities, such as electricity or rail operators (co-called “alternative infrastructure providers”). This not only results in underutilisation of infrastructure, but also acts as a disincentive to new network investment. Companies that cannot sell surplus capacity will tend to install less in the first place. On the whole, global institutions believe that they can have greater impact on access outcomes by addressing regulatory constraints like these, and otherwise enabling competition – so unlocking private investment – than they can by investing funds directly in new communications infrastructure. It is worth drawing attention, finally, to three new issues which are beginning to emerge. The first concerns the interaction between different tiers of infrastructure, and the relationship between infrastructure and other factors influencing “real access” (such as user incomes and capabilities). The large majority of interventions by global institutions address only specific tiers of infrastructure (e.g., international connectivity or local networks) or particular aspects of the access challenge (such as the problem of high international bandwidth costs). Assumptions are often made about the relationship between different tiers of infrastructure (e.g., that lower international bandwidth prices will enable greater and more equitable local access). Likewise, assumptions are often made about the relationship between communications access and development outcomes which pay too little attention to the non-communications constraints in development contexts. At present, there is little holistic thinking in institutions’ approach to the communications market as a whole, or about the interactions between it and development. The second issue concerns the integration of communications access with access to other infrastructure-based resources. Communities in developing countries which lack affordable communications access also typically lack affordable (or any) access to other network infrastructures (such as transport, clean water and electric power). Such communities are thereby multiply disadvantaged. Surprisingly, however, almost no country has structured its response to such infrastructural deficits by integrating different infrastructure deployments and so leveraging economies of scope and scale.[2]IFIs and other funders have been reluctant to take an integrated network approach, preferring to deal with funding proposals at a sectoral or programme, even project level. There is a growing sense among some observers that, here too, a lack of holistic thinking may be curtailing investment and costing synergies. The third issue beginning to emerge in institutional thinking relates ICT access to climate change. This has two facets. On the one hand, the ITU and others argue that the use of ICTs – to manage productive processes, transport networks, etc. – will reduce greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs). These potential carbon savings, however, require large-scale deployments of high-level technology in strategic locations such as factories and power plants. They will result, if they are achieved at all, from decisions taken within energy and industrial sectors other than communications. Increased access to ICTs itself, meanwhile, will substantially increase ICTs’ overall contribution to GHGs, from 0.83 gigatonnes per annum in 2007 to an estimated 1.43 gigatonnes per annum in 2020 – an increase of 6% a year – with emissions from developing countries rising from 0.38 to 0.80 gigatonnes per annum (GeSI, 2008). The environmental impact of increased ICT access was not significantly discussed before the 2007 Internet Governance Forum. Recent discussion – in publications by the ITU and the (industry-funded) Global e-Sustainability Initiative – is largely couched in terms of trade-offs between emissions due to increased access and carbon savings resulting from potential ICT use in other sectors. This seems likely to become a more important factor in global institutional thinking about ICTs as concern continues to mount about climate change. Access to ICT services depends on a number of factors, including infrastructure, which are constrained in most developing countries. Global institutions continue to focus on policy and regulatory change, rather than direct investment, in addressing communications infrastructure deficits. Private sector investment remains high and is expected to continue to grow, with mobile communications businesses seeming increasingly likely to lead the provision of broadband access in low-income countries, as they previously led the provision of telephony. There are important infrastructural challenges at international, national and local levels. Global institutions have shown somewhat more interest, since WSIS, in supporting and leveraging investment in areas which are difficult to serve (such as remote areas) or require high levels of capital investment (such as international cables and regional/national backbones), though their primary focus remains on policy and regulatory change. However, there is still relatively little thought given to the integration of different tiers of access infrastructure, to the integration of communications with other infrastructure, and to the relationship between infrastructure and development. More holistic understanding of access and more attention to the demand side of access supply – in particular, to usage requirements and experience – would help institutions play a more dynamic role in this area. GeSI (Global e-Sustainability Initiative) and The Climate Group (2008) SMART 2020: Enabling the Low Carbon Economy in the Information Age. Available at:www.gesi.org ITU (International Telecommunication Union) (2003)WSIS Plan of Action. Available at: www.itu.int/wsis/docs/geneva/official/poa.html ITU (2007)Connect Africa Summit: Outcomes Report. Available at:www.itu.int/ITU-D/connect/africa/2007/finalreport.pdf Williams, M. (2008)Broadband for Africa:Policy for Promoting the Development of Backbone Networks. World Bank andinfoDev. Available at:www.infodev.org/en/Publication.526.html World Bank (2007)Clean Energy for Development Investment Framework: The World Bank Group Action Plan. Available at:siteresources.worldbank.org/DEVCOMMINT/Documentation/21289621/DC2007-0002(E)-CleanEnergy.pdf [1]2 The World Bank (2007) says that only 25% of African households have “access to modern energy”. [2]Mauritania is one of the few countries that have introduced an integrated universal access agency (APAUS), which seeks to integrate ICT investment with other rural needs.	cc/2022-05/en_head_0000.json.gz/line496
__label__wiki	0.956701	0.956701	Gitl Braun’s journey from full-time mother to artist is as remarkable as her work. From The Times August 4, 2007 After the Camp David accord of 1979, three lifesized sculptures were made of the signatories. One went to Jimmy Carter, and is now [...] The faith in a mother’s artAnseldin2019-04-30T18:47:51+00:00 The Photography of Gitl Braun David Breuer-Weil, artist and ex director of Sotheby’s London, January 2007 Art has a life of its own. For decades now critics have predicted the demise of art but it stubbornly refuses to lie down. Like seeds in [...] Thrilling ModestyAnseldin2019-04-30T18:47:51+00:00 Debut with exhibit at London gallery Jerusalem Post \| By Jonny Paul January, 22, 2007 The inaugural exhibition of sculptor and photographer Gitl Wallerstein-Braun opened on Sunday at Riccardo Giaccherini, a top central London art gallery. Gitl Wallerstein-Braun is no ordinary artist. As [...] Haredi mother of eight makes her artAnseldin2019-04-30T18:47:52+00:00 By Jackie Wullschlager FT’s chief visual arts critic and author of the acclaimed biography: Chagall, Love and Exile March 7, 2009 Is women’s art different from men’s? At the 1845 Salon, Baudelaire praised Eugénie Gautier because “her painting has nothing to do with woman’s [...] The female gazeAnseldin2019-04-30T18:47:52+00:00 The Guardian \| By Ellie Levenson March 13, 2007 How does a deeply religious artist explore sensuality? With fabric, photographs and a pomegranate, reveals Ellie Levenson In the Hassidic Jewish community of Stamford Hill in north London, artists are as rare as women who [...] No folds barredAnseldin2019-04-30T18:47:52+00:00 GitI Braun takes an Orthodox approach to photography Jewish Chronicle January 2007 After almost two decades looking after her children, the Stamford Hill mother-of-eight has taken to new career: photography. Gitl Braun, 57, tells People: “What I am doing is very rare in our Orthodox community, but [...] Gitl BraunAnseldin2019-04-30T18:47:52+00:00 Public Interview At the opening ceremony of: British Library ‘Sacred on Location’ Exhibition at the Bruce Castle Museum London N14 from www.annesebba.com By Anne Sebba 8/8/2007 I have known Gitl for just about a year and in that time have been completely bowled over by her [...] Public InterviewAnseldin2019-04-30T18:47:52+00:00 The Guardian \| by Stephen Bates April 12, 2007 The Jewish sculptor and photographer Gitl Braun, pictured, has chosen what at first sight is an unlikely location for her forthcoming exhibition, Eve’s Daughters, in east London next month. It’s going to be at the Jagonari Women’s Educational [...] PeopleAnseldin2019-04-30T18:47:52+00:00 Saatchi Online Top 10 Chosen by Morgan Falconer The New York-based critic Morgan Falconer, who is a frequent contributor to The Times (London), Modern Painters and ArtReview, as well as being one of Saatchi Online’s regular New York correspondents, selects 10 artists registered on Saatchi Online – a very mixed international [...] Saatchi Online Top 10Anseldin2019-04-30T18:47:52+00:00 Out in the Open In her fifties, a Hasidic Londoner becomes an artist By Jude Stewart Two years ago, at the age of fifty-six, Gitl Braun graduated from London’s Central Saint Martins College of Art and Design. Within a year, one of her works – described [...] Out in the OpenAnseldin2019-04-30T18:47:54+00:00	cc/2022-05/en_head_0000.json.gz/line497
__label__wiki	0.771696	0.771696	Israeli rector fights Norwegian boycott Daniel Edelson, YNetNews.com, November 2, 2009 In his letter to the rector of the Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Professor Yossi Ben-Artzii stressed that Israel is an enlightened state, and that any attempt to impose an academic boycott on it can only stem from lack of knowledge or a wrong perception of the Jewish State. An academic boycott will only hurt academic freedom, while curbing intellectual progress and undermining universal values, Prof. Ben-Artzi wrote. In a conversation with Ynet, the Israeli rector said he decided to send the letter after reading the Ynet report about a boycott proposal in Norway’s second-largest university. “I decided to approach him as one rector to another. This boycott will equally hurt our people and his people,” he said. “Academia needs to be completely free of political considerations and pressures…the whole boycott idea contradicts the very essence of academia premised on freedom, originality, and independence. What we see here is a case of silencing.” ‘Threat against Israel’ The boycott proposal constitutes a threat for the State of Israel, Ben-Artzi said, urging Israeli academicians to act soon. “It’s true that this is a university located somewhere in distant Norway, and people can say ‘who cares,’ but that’s not the right move,” he said. “There’s a broader agenda here that started earlier in Britain and is aimed at turning Israel into a pariah state. It starts in academia at a marginal place but this flood won’t end.” “We have to fight back, because this is a threat against the State of Israel,” Prof. Ben Artzi concluded. “I urge other rectors in Israel to act in a similar fashion.” Originally published here: https://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3799339,00.html	cc/2022-05/en_head_0000.json.gz/line498
__label__wiki	0.803868	0.803868	Elon Softball Duo Selected for NCCSIA All-State Honors MOUNT OLIVE, N.C. – A pair of players from the Elon University softball team were selected to the 2019 North Carolina Collegiate Sports Information Association (NCCSIA) University Division All-State Softball Teams as announced by the organization on Monday, June 10. NCCSIA All-State Release Abby Barker was selected to the first team at pitcher while Megan White was tabbed a second team honoree at her catcher position. It was the first All-State accolades for both players. Barker won 19 games for the Phoenix in the circle, setting a new program Division I single-season school record, while also posting the second-best season win total in school history overall. The Granville, Ohio, native had a 2.92 ERA in 158.0 innings and struck out 75 batters. She would earn first team All-Colonial Athletic Association accolades and was named to the CAA All-Tournament team after helping the Phoenix to its first-ever league championship game. She later earned third team NFCA Mideast All-Region, her first career All-Region nod. White had a strong freshman campaign in 2019 and was selected as the CAA Co-Rookie of the Year. The Creedmoor, N.C., native led the Phoenix in batting average (.320), slugging percentage (.670), RBI (29) and homers (10) while earning first team All-CAA accolades. She also earned a spot on the CAA All-Tournament team and had three home runs versus Drexel on April 20, helping the Phoenix to a 13-10 win over the Dragons in extras. Nominations were submitted by North Carolina sports information professionals and voted on by NCCSIA members. Founded in 2002, the North Carolina Collegiate Sports Information Association (NCCSIA) is comprised of sports information professionals from NCAA Division I, II, III, NAIA and independent institutions from the state of North Carolina. The purpose of the organization is to promote collegiate athletics at all schools. Membership is open to anyone affiliated with a college, university or conference located in North Carolina, and whose area of responsibility lies within sports information. Published June 15, 2019 By Press Release Categorized as College Tagged Womens Softball High Point Women’s Soccer Releases Schedule for 2019 Season 2019 NCISAA June Live Period Showcases coming up soon, here in June, in Greensboro and Charlotte	cc/2022-05/en_head_0000.json.gz/line502
__label__cc	0.723683	0.276317	On November 14, 2018 By gtvoiceIn Greg Tremblay, Wednesday Blogs Passed a car this weekend with the sticker: TRUMPS Sure seems like we’re in a political time where the nation is just plain tired of this whole “PC” thing, huh? Stop telling me what to say, stop yelling. Don’t be shrill! Stop trying to police what people think! Don’t you value FREEDOM OF SPEECH? Let people say what they will, it’s important to hear everyone’s voice. Everyone has opinions, and they should be heard! Freedom of speech man. First amendment! It’s like… like the SECOND most important amendment! (yeah, you see what I did there) The PC police want to shut down disagreement! Political Correctness is killing America! It’s killing Universities! Don’t you want students to THINK FOR THEMSELVES? How can they do that if you make every professor afraid that he’s going to say something that’s not Politically Correct?! (Let’s not even address how much he has to ‘suddenly’ fear that he’s been sexually assaulting or harassing his students) Enough with the POLITICAL CORRECTNESS! LET PEOPLE SPEAK!! OK, you know what? No. Not only is that crap, but YOUR GRANDMOTHER would have said the same thing. You know what my grandmother and thousands of grandmothers just like her always said? ‘Remember the golden rule.’ It often gets turned into “do unto others as you would have them do unto you” which… ok that’s a little simple, right? I mean, I enjoy back rubs, but that isn’t a license to go rubbing anyone’s back I feel like. I’d refer you for a better example to a REALLY OLD version of the Golden Rule, like from 1st century BCE Egypt (see Jasnow, University of Chicago Press, A Late Period Hieratic Wisdom Text) “That which you hate to be done to you, do not to another” If you look to the Greeks, the Tamil, the Persians, and like FREAKING EVERYONE ELSE, you’re going to get the same basic concept. Essentially “Hey! Be Nice! Don’t go hurting people’s feeling on purpose, and if you do it by accident, apologize!” ANNNND then. The dreaded term: “PC” OK, it’s got some really shit history. Like it was used to describe the dogmatic acceptance of Marxist-Leninist government policy. It was used to describe the Nazi policy of granting reporting permits only to Aryans who were ‘politically correct.’ It’s been used to pillory a large number of VERY different people over the years, and it simply means that you’re ascribing to a belief that another portion of the populace thinks is wrong. It is, at the heart, a pejorative. ….. but how about these days? What’s it mean NOW, in nuance? Not the overall definition which my dear MW gives (conforming to a belief that language and practices which could offend political sensibilities (as in matters of sex or race) should be eliminated) … but the nuanced one that Britannica is giving: Term used to refer to language that seems intended to give the least amount of offense, especially when describing groups identified by external markers such as race, gender, culture, or sexual orientation. Soak that in for a moment. We’ve come to a point where the meaning of “PC” is no longer “we believe the Jews are evil, and Hitler is great” but “we believe we should try not to use words that specifically make people feel bad.” WOW. We are MONSTERS huh? I mean, how DARE we not want people to feel insulted? Boy, next we’ll be rounding up people to be shot! … I mean, except … wait. That would make them feel bad, and …so… hummm… Gosh, it’s so tricky to be a “Lefty Extremist” I guess we’ll just have to continue with the “be fucking nice to people” campaign. What the ‘bold fight against PC’ now means is “Fuck you and your insistence that I worry about people’s feelings! That’s just the MAN telling you how to think! FREE SPEECH! FREE SPEECH!!!” Which, ok, two things? 1) Seriously? How much of a dick are you?? and 2… THAT IS NOT. WHAT FREE SPEECH. MEANS. I promise you, there is no major war on free speech. Go ahead and tweet that racist, incel, homophobic bullshit all you want, and I pretty much guarantee that you won’t be arrested for it. Unless you go making actual threats, which has NEVER BEEN OK. THAT IS ALL THE FIRST AMENDMENT GRANTS. PERIOD. Means there cannot, and should not, be a law about what you can say. (Also, that there cannot be laws prohibiting or forcing religion. Yeahhhhhh, about those arguments to ban Muslims from the US?) AND THERE IS NO PERSON SERIOUSLY ARGUING THAT SAYING RACIST BULLSHIT SHOULD BE ILLEGAL. Even me. I think you’re a garbage human being who seriously needs to re-evaluate your life, find love in your heart, and grow the fuck up… but I DO NOT think you should be locked up. That says NOTHING about your friends’ reactions to you, your employment, your acceptance in the community. THOSE ARE NOT LAWS MY FRIENDS. THEY AREN’T PUNISHMENTS. Those? THOSE… are “CONSEQUENCES.” There are consequences to what I say. I say things that PISS PEOPLE OFF, and really get people’s ire up. And you know what? I get insults, I lose work with some people, and there are those whom I’m not friends with any more who I really used to get along with well. What I do NOT get is fined, jailed, and have my property and rights infringed. Consequences. Not Punishments. So, my upset right wing fellow citizens… you HAVE Free Speech. You exercised it just today by putting that nasty in-your-face bumper sticker on your car. How many times did you get pulled over and get a ticket for it? None? Yeah, thought so. What you really want is the license to be mean, and have it defended as “just your right.” You want me to defend you, to make space for me to be mean, and wait my turn to speak. You want me to tell my friends of color, my female friends, my trans and gay and autistic and disabled and JUST DIFFERENT friends to “wait, wait… let him talk.” And to which I say: FUCK. THAT. You do NOT have the social freedom to say whatever you want, to drag out any old slur and joke and dig and analogy. You do NOT have the right to be unquestioned, to have no consequences for your statements, your actions. You do NOT get to claim some false moral high ground and pretend that I am the one trying to squash individualism and expression by saying that I’d really prefer you not use that term, and shut up with the fucking fag jokes, and no just because your lawyer is a Jew you don’t get to make that Shylock joke. Yes, I know Shakespeare said it first, he was an anti-Semite, and we should acknowledge that he was and was ALSO brilliant, but not perfect, and we should point out and discuss the problems. How DARE you imply that I am not being an adult because I won’t sit quietly on my hurt, and my shame and my anger and not call you out, turn you out, and drown you out? I’m going to take a leaf out of the book of the endless fucking war on terror that has overshadowed my child’s ENTIRE LIFE and say: You know what… if I see something? I’m damn well gonna SAY something. Does it meet the golden rule? I don’t really know any more… I mean, I know I’m saying things that make people feel bad. I hate that, I do. But I don’t think stopping bullies from bullying people is bad, even if the bully doesn’t like it. Be good to each other everyone. Find love, nurture it. Keep reading, keep writing, keep listening, and keep sharing your stories. Cheers, and Bisous. Dear fellow men: You don’t have to be perfect. It’s ok, I love you anyway. 7 thoughts on “Political Correctness, Freedom of speech, and the Golden Rule” AdiraAugust Hi. MM BDSM writer here. Not exactly right wing. And the left has gotten way embarrassing so I can’t say I’m that. I’m going to – not so much disagree – as say I think you might not see what I see. This happened on Twitter – (BTW I came here looking for a narrator for my books – but I really want to talk about this) – a “liberal” said: “Being a real American means we all think alike!” Soooo – that’s pretty fuckin’ scary. A guy who’s made career of doing romance covers and is very much into physical fitness and such once railed at parents who allow their children to get fat. It was a short tweet – to the point, though. He called it “child abuse.” I get it. He sees fat kids and also sees the missing limbs and sudden blindness and all the things that go along with the spectacular rise in Type 2 Diabetes in kids which directly correlates to weight. But he wasn’t exactly politically correct about it. So, 2000+ attack tweets later, he ended up closing his twitter account. A major presence for him and a business connection. But that wasn’t enough for the “liberals” who crowed about it. They then decided that his image would be removed from book covers and all authors that used him had to comply. Now think about this, because I’m telling you a couple examples of this fascist shit under the name of “liberalism.” See, you are at risk, too. We all are. Say something some puling self-righteous cretin thinks is “fat-shaming,” use the wrong pronoun, including one made up, suggest that what someone did or said 30 years ago might not be cause to deny them a livelihood, suggest, as I always do, that if we do not defend the right of another to believe and speak what we might hate we don’t deserve freedom, and see how fast you are vilified, threatened and coerced into apologizing and never saying what you really think in public, again. Your authors will hire someone else because the PC Brigade will trash them on Goodreads, FB, Instagram and every other place they have a public presence. They’ll change their reviews from 5 stars to 1, gossip about them behind the scenes and generally label them not-to-be-read. No, we no longer have freedom of speech. Well,I do, because I don’t need anyone’s money and don’t give a fuck what people think of me. But you don’t. You do, however, have a great deal of talent and seem to be a nice, articulate guy. But the danger is in division and the attacks on the Constitution come from both sides. IMO, anyway. But the trick here is: that’s still freedom of speech. Are those reactions over the top? Sure. Should we add a modicum of reason to our activism? Always. … But that cover model wasn’t jailed for being an asshole. That’s where the shouting about PC breaks down … It’s not violating freedom of speech, because that has always been about what the government can prevent you from saying. Do people go too far in condemning others? Pretty sure that’s sadly always going to be true… But I find it ironic that I now see people talking about making “PC speech” illegal… Because that actually would be an attack on the Constitution. I dunno. I’m thinking “make PC speech illegal” is an attack on intelligence. How vague a law would that be? Anyway – about the law vs culture thing: Hitler didn’t start out arresting Jews, he just promoted the hatred of them. Hitler Youth did the enforcing, even without laws. It became okay to beat up a Jew or smash up their business. There weren’t laws against American blacks using white restrooms and water fountains in most states, just signs. This cultural repression always precedes laws. Makes the ugly laws okay. The Declaration of Independence cites “life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness” reflected in the Preamble to the Constitution. Anti-discrimination findings of the Supreme Court are based on the interpretation that you cannot “promote the general welfare” if you cannot compete on equal footing for a job. We built two concentration camps. One at Guantanamo where Americans were illegally and unConstitutionally snatched off the street and denied due process. One in Arizona where 14,000 children have also been kidnapped unConstitutionally, and also denied due process. Their detention is child abuse on a massive scale. There is no end to the attacks unless people are willing to fight and die for someone else’s freedom. Let me know if you want to take a road trip to Arizona. I say you do not have freedom of speech. You will be stopped if you say the wrong thing. And no one will fight for you. And no law will protect you. Like the rule of law didn’t protect the children and we haven’t, either. Laws didn’t protect the Jews because they weren’t enforced. I want to come back to this, but am working right now…. lemme percolate. I have a hard time parsing where to start here… but I take comparisons to Nazi Germany seriously so I’m going to really look at those. I… find that most of the people I associate with, those who are being lambasted by (largely) the right as “PC Police” to be pushing against precisely the sort of fascist hate mongering that typified the third Reich. The force of aggressive disapproval being levied against things like the detainment of children, the marginalizing of people of color, of the LGBTQ community. We are leveraging the power that people have as individuals to restrict the space in discourse that people can occupy. We are trying to protect those with less power by preventing the aggression from overwhelming them. There are those who cannot adopt proportion in this, and they need our help and education… which I try hard to continue. Case in point, the boycott of Barilla pasta over the homophobic remarks of it’s president, which resulted in Barilla not only amending it’s position, but also offering some of the first same-sex partner benefits available in Italy to it’s employees. There are those I know who still adopt a “Never again” policy of not buying their products, which I try to counter with the rationale that if your economic pressure on a company (or social pressure on a person) WORKS and causes change, you reward that. Fooled twice? Another story… but reason should ALWAYS prevail. What I shake my head at is the position that we must tolerate patiently hate speech from actual self-professed neonazis. That we should wait our turn and let them speak, and not take action. I disagree with that. I think we SHOULD drown them out, bring their actions to light. If the loss of their job because their employer wishes not to be associated with hate speech is a result… that is a consequence. We have freedom of speech, not freedom from consequence. I take your dart about a road trip to AZ to heart. No, I’ve not gone to be on the ground and protesting there and then about the children ripped from families and kidnapped. I’ve not been to Cuba to stand outside the unlawful and offensive detention center which we’ve not managed to get rid of, like a toxic tiger we have by the tail. I accept that I am not perfect, and keep trying, and I do feel guilt about that. A common complaint about liberals is that we don’t DO enough… and it’s one with some validity. I can only speak for myself in that I continue to try harder, and that speaking about it is part of what I do. I do have freedom of speech, as do you. I have no reasonable expectation of legal repercussions of my statements. CIVIL repercussions are a whole other matter. Libel and slander are civil matters. Loss of job, of friends, of respect is a social and civil response to my actions. “We are leveraging the power that people have as individuals to restrict the space in discourse that people can occupy.” This is such an excellent sentence. I’m stealing it. (Wait. I should say first I’m not driving to Arizona, either. I didn’t mean anything I said to be a criticism of you.) I also didn’t intend to set up a soap box in your thread. I think what I did and do want, is to say this is a lot more complex, and this dreadful situation in America much more dangerous than I think the average social media user recognizes. Part of the reason it’s not being recognized is that what I call the PTB (powers that be) have pretty much erased the past for present generations, so they do not recognize the patterns. No, we don’t have to listen to the racist. We can turn that person off. But you want to leverage the power of people as a mob to do as much damage to that person as possible because you don’t like the way he thinks and what he says. That would make you the bully. It’s not the belief systems that are going to destroy us, it’s abandoning basic principles and failing to defend them. And yes, to be Americans in terms of fighting for and maintaining the freedoms my relatives and maybe yours fought to create, we protect the Nazi’s right to speak. And we stand between him and his target when he goes beyond speech. Part of what we also lost are basic ethical and moral principles, behaviors we should expect of ourselves and one another. The reality is: not one of us is capable of judging the value of another life. You don’t just want the guy to lose his job, you want his children to suffer, possibly his family to be homeless, to have substandard medical care. Think about the consequences of slamming some individual and pressuring his employer to terminate him just because you don’t like what he says and thinks. It’s wrong. Becoming the thing you hate is not a solution to hate. As for the US being Nazi Germany, yeah, we are. Read how it happened, how the Nazis came to power. I’m way older than you. I fought all my life against bigotry and prejudice, for civil right, gay rights. And now I’m fucking embarrassed to call myself a liberal. Millions of us working together made huge inroads. We left you a legacy of not hating people for what they are. This is your place and your home and I appreciate you allowing me to have a voice here. Please have the last word.	cc/2022-05/en_head_0000.json.gz/line504
__label__cc	0.58474	0.41526	Are You Learning as Fast as the World Is Changing? Tom Kelly, general manager of IDEO, the world-renowned design firm, likes to quote French novelist Marcel Proust, who famously said, “The real act of discovery consists not in finding new lands but in seeing with new eyes.” What goes for novelists goes for leaders searching to craft a novel strategy for their company, a new […] Tom Kelly, general manager of IDEO, the world-renowned design firm, likes to quote French novelist Marcel Proust, who famously said, “The real act of discovery consists not in finding new lands but in seeing with new eyes.” What goes for novelists goes for leaders searching to craft a novel strategy for their company, a new product for their customers, or a better way to organize their employees. In a world that never stops changing, great leaders never stop learning. Today, the challenge for leaders at every level is no longer just to out-hustle, out-muscle, and out-maneuver the competition. It is to out-think the competition in ways big and small, to develop a unique point of view about the future and help your organization get there before anyone else does. Which is why a defining challenge of leadership is whether you can answer a question that is as simple as it is powerful: Are you learning as fast as the world is changing? Of course, learning new things is all about exposing yourself to new ideas. So if you want to learn faster, you’ve got to think differently about where new ideas come from. Here are a few ideas I’ve developed over the years about what turns leaders into learners — three “habits of mind” that will help you keep learning as fast as the world is changing. First, the best leaders (and learners) have the widest field of vision. After Steve Jobs died, I, like everyone else, read and watched as much as I could about his life and work. One of my favorite sources of insights was an old PBS documentary called “Triumph of the Nerds,” in which luminaries of Silicon Valley talked about what inspired their innovations. As Jobs talked about the original Macintosh computer, he talked less about semiconductors and software than he did about painting, music, and art. “Ultimately it [creativity] comes down to taste,” he explained. “It comes down to trying to expose yourself to the best things that humans have done and then trying to bring those things in to what you’re doing…I think part of what made the Macintosh great was that the people working on it were musicians and poets and artists and zoologists and historians who also happened to be the best computer scientists in the world.” Translation: You’re not going to learn faster (or deeper) than everyone else if you seek inspiration from the same sources as everyone else. Educators know that we learn the most when we encounter people, experiences, and ideas that are the least like us. And yet, we spend most of our time with people and in places that are the most like us — our old colleagues, our familiar offices, our reassuring neighborhoods. If you want to learn faster, look and live more broadly. Second, and more tactically, the best source of new ideas in your field can be old ideas from unrelated fields. A few months ago, after I gave a talk about innovation to a gathering of executives from the world of food retailing, one frustrated member of the audience asked for some advice about dealing with her boss. “My boss likes to say, ‘I want a totally new idea — and three examples of where that idea has worked before.'” The audience roared in recognition of the oxymoronic absurdity of the boss’s sentiment, as did I. But then I got to thinking…Often, it turns out, a powerful source of “totally new” ideas in one industry can be standard operating procedures from another industry — well-established practices that look downright revolutionary when you simply move them from one place to another. For example, leaders at Lexus identified all sorts of new ideas to reshape the customer experience for luxury cars by searching for clues at brands such as Four Seasons and Apple — companies that were great at what they did, even though what they did had nothing to do with automobiles. Physicians and administrators from London’s Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children redesigned many of their surgical procedures by studying how Ferrari’s Formula One racing team handled pit stops. Sure, there’s always a place for R&D as research & development. But there’s also a place for R&D as rip-off and duplicate. Ideas that are routine in one industry can be revolutionary when they migrate to another industry, especially when they challenge the prevailing assumptions and conventional wisdom that have come to define so many industries. Finally, and most personally, successful learners work hard not to be loners. These days, the most powerful insights often come from the most unexpected places — the hidden genius locked inside your company, the collective genius of customers, suppliers, and other smart people who would be eager to teach you what they know if you simply asked for their insights. But tapping this learning resource requires a new leadership mindset — enough ambition to address tough problems, enough humility to be willing to learn from everyone you encounter. Nobody alone learns as quickly as everybody together. We all want to be better leaders. And the best leaders, it turns out, are the most insatiable learners. How are you learning as fast as the world is changing? Read more on Innovation or related topics Competitive strategy and Leadership Bill Taylor is the cofounder of Fast Company and the author, most recently, of Simply Brilliant: How Great Organizations Do Ordinary Things in Extraordinary Ways. Learn more at williamctaylor.com.	cc/2022-05/en_head_0000.json.gz/line506
__label__wiki	0.713439	0.713439	Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering Search this Site Search in https://health.uconn.edu/connecticut-convergence-institute/> Principles & Focus Areas What is Convergence? Just Us Moving Program (JUMP) Health Cafés Summer Seminar Series Lawrence G. Raisz, M.D. Lectureship Training & Mentoring Young Innovative Investigator Program (YIIP) Pre-K Scholar Career Development Award Program The Presidential M1 Mentorship Award Program Clinical and Translational Research Graduate Programs Doctor of Medicine/Master of Science Dual Degree Program Masters of Science in Regenerative Engineering Summer Research Building Infrastructure Leading to Diversity Initiative Research Experience and Mentoring Hartford Engineering A Limb Project (HEAL) NIH Pioneer Award Advanced Regenerative Manufacturing Institute Just Us Moving Project Biostatistics Center Health Literacy, Cultural Competency, and Health Equity Web Resources Other Research Resource Links Regenerative Engineering and Translational Medicine Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities Black Health in America Laurencin Named Fellow of The American Ceramic Society Posted on June 9, 2021 June 9, 2021 by Rachel F King Laurencin Named Fellow of The American Ceramic Society – UConn Today In ceramics, Dr. Laurencin is a life member of the American Ceramic Society and has lectured on Bioceramics as the prestigious Edward Orton, Jr. Memorial Lecturer of The American Ceramic Society and as the Rustum Roy Lecturer of The American Ceramic Society. The University of Connecticut School of Engineering is proud to announce that Professor Cato T. Laurencin, a faculty member in the Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering departments has been named a fellow of The American Ceramic Society. The awarding of the grade of fellow by the American Ceramic Society is by reason of outstanding contributions to ceramic arts or sciences; through broad and productive scholarship in ceramic science and technology, and by conspicuous achievement in the ceramic industry or by outstanding service to the Society. Laurencin is known as a world leader in biomaterials, polymeric materials science, nanotechnology, bioceramics, stem cell science, drug delivery systems, and a field he has pioneered, regenerative engineering. His breakthrough achievements in science, engineering and medicine have resulted in transformative advances in improving human life. Laurencin’s papers and patents have had broad impact on human health, including pioneering the use of nanotechnology in musculoskeletal regeneration and ushering in a new era in orthopaedic therapies. For this work, Dr. Laurencin received the National Medal of Technology and Innovation, the highest honor bestowed in America for technological achievement, from President Barack Obama. In ceramics, Dr. Laurencin is a life member of the American Ceramic Society and has lectured on Bioceramics as the prestigious Edward Orton, Jr. Memorial Lecturer of The American Ceramic Society and as the Rustum Roy Lecturer of The American Ceramic Society. A Fellow of the American Chemical Society and a Fellow of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AICHE), he was named one of the 100 Engineers of the Modern Era by the AICHE at its Centennial Celebration specifically for his work pioneering polymer-ceramic composite systems for musculoskeletal regeneration. Laurencin has also pioneered work in the development of systems for soft tissue regeneration. He invented the Laurencin-Cooper ligament (LC ligament) for ACL regeneration, and engineered grafts for shoulder rotator cuff tendon repair and regeneration. National Geographic Magazine featured the LC Ligament as part of its “100 Scientific Discoveries that Changed the World” edition. Dr. Laurencin received the Philip Hauge Abelson Prize from the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) “for signal contributions to the advancement of science in the United States.” He is the first person in history to receive both the oldest/highest award of the National Academy of Medicine (the Walsh McDermott Medal) and the oldest/highest award of the National Academy of Engineering (the Simon Ramo Founders Award). A role model in science and champion of social justice, Laurencin has three awards named in his honor. The Society for Biomaterials established The Cato T. Laurencin, M.D., Ph.D. Travel Fellowship given at its opening ceremonies. In addition, The W. Montague Cobb/NMA Health Institute and the National Medical Association (NMA) established the Cato T. Laurencin Lifetime Research Achievement Award, given during the opening ceremonies of the NMA Meeting. The UConn Foundation established the Cato T. Laurencin, M.D., Ph.D. Scholars Award given to outstanding senior graduates of UConn’s Scholars House, a Black male learning community. He received the 2020 Herbert W. Nickens Award from the AAMC for work in promoting justice, equity and fairness. Dr. Laurencin is the Albert and Wilda Van Dusen Distinguished Endowed Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery and Chief Executive Officer of the Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering. He is a University Professor at UConn, the school’s highest academic rank. He is a fellow of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons and an elected member of the American Surgical Association. He has been named to the list of America’s Top Doctors for over 15 years. Dr. Laurencin received his B.S.E. in Chemical Engineering from Princeton University, his M.D., Magna Cum Laude, from the Harvard Medical School, and his Ph.D. in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology where he was named a Hugh Hampton Young Fellow. For more information, please visit https://ceramics.org/awards/society-fellows. Posted in Awards Dr. Laurencin Named Top Doctor by Connecticut Magazine Dr. Laurencin has been named to Connecticut Magazine’s 2021 Top Doctors list! The magazine’s June issue lists 43 physicians from UConn Health. This year more than 1,500 Connecticut physicians across 66 specialties made the list generated from Castle Connolly’s annual national doctor-survey. 2021 Top Doctors Named by Connecticut Magazine – UConn Today Kappa Delta Ann Doner Vaughn Award Presented to UConn’s Albert and Wilda Van Dusen Distinguished Endowed Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery Dr. Cato Laurencin Posted on February 9, 2021 February 18, 2021 by Melanie L Burnat Cato T. Laurencin, MD, PhD, was named the 2021 Kappa Delta Ann Doner Vaughn Award recipient for his 30 years of scientific research in musculoskeletal regenerative engineering, the field which he founded and brought to the forefront of translational medicine. Dr. Laurencin’s work at UConn Health has led to the development and advancement of biodegradable polymeric materials in bone repair and tissue regeneration. The Kappa Delta Awards recognize research in musculoskeletal disease and injury. Dr. Laurencin’s work has had great impact in advancing patient care. “When I first started my laboratory at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1988, bone was a primary target to study and develop as scientists had just learned how to actually grow human bone cells outside the body,” said Dr. Laurencin, the Albert and Wilda Van Dusen Distinguished Endowed Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery and chief executive officer, Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut. “We essentially started a new field––regenerative engineering––and have continued to progress the field with a journal and a society, which brings together individuals from broad areas and viewpoints for the purposes of studying regeneration.” Dr. Laurencin is the pioneer of the field, with an expertise in biomaterials science, stem cell science, biophysics and developmental biology. His work in regenerative engineering has led to singular honors. He is the first to receive the oldest/highest award of the National Academy of Medicine (the Walsh McDermott Medal) and the oldest/highest award of the National Academy of Engineering (the Simon Ramo Founders Award). In 2016, he received the National Medal of Technology and Innovation, America’s highest honor for technological achievement from President Barack Obama in ceremonies at the White House. Bone Regeneration Discovery Each year, more than two million bone graft procedures worldwide are performed.[i] Autografts, where a patient’s own tissue is used, are the standard of care, but have constraints such as requiring a second surgery for graft harvesting. Allografts, which use donor tissue, run the risk of infection, have limited availability and may cause immune hypersensitivity. Therefore, there was a need to find an alternative, synthetic solution. “Autografts are the gold standard for use in bone regeneration, but they have limitations in terms of donor site morbidity for harvesting and supply,” said Dr. Laurencin. “There has been great interest in examining ways to create engineered materials for bone regeneration in a variety of different areas and for different uses. Some of our work focused on the fact that we could create engineered materials that are actually inductive, that is, they can foster bone regeneration by themselves without the addition of morphogenetic factors.” To discover an alternative, synthetic solution, Dr. Laurencin and his colleagues began to engineer musculoskeletal tissues, applying biological, chemical and engineering principles to repair, restore or regenerate living tissue using biomaterials, cells and additional factors alone and in combination. Over the past 30 years, he has explored the use of biodegradable polymeric and ceramic materials for use in bone repair, focusing on poly(ester), poly(anhydride) and poly(phosphazene) biomaterials alone or in combination with hydroxyapatite, a naturally occurring mineral, and other ceramics to form two- and three-dimensional (2D, 3D) matrices. The research showed that the use of a matrix system could facilitate bone regeneration, providing a framework which osteoblasts (cells that form new bone) may bind its extracellular matrix (ECM) and bridge bone defects. The ECM is a structural support for cells that directs cell adhesion and migration as well as regulates cellular growth.[ii] The matrices are biodegradable and designed so that, over time, the osteoblasts secrete ECM, allowing the biomaterial to be completely absorbed and only regenerated bone remains. Evaluating Bone Regeneration Dr. Laurencin set out to study the behavior of osteoblasts on new materials, starting with 2D matrices, which supported the attachment, growth and osteoblast traits by osteoblast-like cells. He was able to design and produce novel materials that provided alternatives to currently available materials and has continued to develop additional novel polymers, making innovative blends with other degradable polymers. Polymers are materials made of long, repeating chains of molecules and are often used in plastics.[iii] Studies demonstrated that unique polymer systems, which have superior lab and animal studies performance, excellent physicochemical properties and unique erosion mechanisms, representing a major paradigm shift in biomaterials design for regenerative engineering. Once Dr. Laurencin and his team established that these biomaterials could be used as bone regeneration platforms, they were the first to develop porous, biodegradable 3D-poly (organophosphazenes) [P(PHOS)] matrices for tissue regeneration. Studies demonstrated that the use of a 3D matrix increased the amount of cell growth on the matrix because of the significant increase in surface area over 2D structures. The matrices interconnecting, porous network enabled organized cell growth, ECM formation and mineralization (when the bone matrix becomes filled with calcium phosphate nanocrystals), showing that these materials could be used for bone engineering applications. The researchers next developed a novel sintered microsphere matrix, a 3D matrix with a complete interconnected pore structure, resembling the structure of trabecular bone, which is found at the end of long bones such as the femur. This design allowed the newly forming bone to actually occupy the pore structure while the matrix degraded. After the matrix completely degraded, only the pore structure of the newly formed trabecular bone remained. In Vivo Studies The 3D matrix was then studied in animals (in vivo) and showed significant bone formation throughout the implant site by week eight when combined with growth factors demonstrating that the 3D matrix could be an effective bone graft. Further in vivo research examined the potential of the 3D matrices as a composite without growth factors, utilizing matrices with human-derived mesenchymal stem cells, which are found in bone marrow. Composite materials, which are composed of two or more materials, were studied because these materials can offer numerous advantages such as strength. The results suggested that the composite designed with low crystalline ceramics had inherent osteoinductive properties, meaning new bone is formed by the transformation of stem cells into bone. The studies showed the flexibility of the matrices for bone engineering and the versatility for these matrices to deliver results through stem cells, bone cells, transfected cells (cells that have been introduced to foreign DNA) or directly from the scaffold. The composite matrix demonstrated that it could remineralize and remodel the defect site within eight weeks of injury without growth factors. “Our work involving matrix- and material-based regeneration found that as we moved from smaller animals to larger animals, the materials tended to have an ability to become more functional and bioactive,” said Dr. Laurencin. “In a number of our regeneration studies for bone as well as soft tissue, we found that as we move to larger animals, we’ve been able to demonstrate more bioactivity and inductivity in terms of polymer ceramic materials.” The Next Frontier: Limb Regeneration Building on his work in bone and soft tissue regeneration, Dr. Laurencin has begun to apply regenerative engineering principals as an approach to regenerating complex tissues with the goal of limb regeneration. In 2016, the University of Connecticut announced a revolutionary project overseen by Dr. Laurencin––the Hartford Engineering a Limb (HEAL) Project, which aims to regenerate a human limb by 2030. Laurencin’s ambitious work has been recognized by the American Association for the Advancement of Science in awarding him the Philip Hauge Abelson Prize for “signal contributions to the advancement of science in the United States.” [i] Campana V, Milano G, Pagano E, et al. Bone substitutes in orthopaedic surgery: from basic science to clinical practice. J Mater Sci Mater Med. 2014;25(10): 2445–2461. [i][i] ScienceDirect. Extracellular Matrix. https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/neuroscience/extracellular-matrix. Accessed 1/11/2021. [i][i][i] Live Science. What is a Polymer? https://www.livescience.com/60682-polymers.html Professor Cato T. Laurencin Receives the 2020 Materials Research Society’s Von Hippel Award Posted on December 2, 2020 February 18, 2021 by Melanie L Burnat FARMINGTON, CT- On December 2, 2020, the Materials Research Society presented Dr. Cato T. Laurencin with the 2020 Von Hippel Award, the society’s highest and most prestigious honor. “I am honored to be the recipient of one of the highest honors in the world for work in Materials Science, the Von Hippel Award of the Materials Research Society” said Dr. Laurencin To quote from the Materials Research Society, “The award recognizes an individual with qualities most prized by materials scientists and engineers—brilliance and originality of intellect, combined with vision that transcends the boundaries of conventional scientific disciplines.” Dr. Laurencin’s work in engineering, science, medicine and technology has been recognized in a number of ways. In engineering, he is an elected member of the National Academy of Engineering and received the Simon Ramo Founders Award. In medicine, he is an elected member of the National Academy of Medicine and received the Walsh McDermott Medal. In science, Dr. Laurencin is a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science and received the Philip Hauge Abelson Prize “for signal contributions to the advancement of science in the United States.” In technology, Dr. Laurencin is a Fellow of the National Academy of Inventors and received the National Medal of Technology and Innovation, the highest honor bestowed in America for technological achievement, from President Barack Obama in ceremonies at the White House. In materials science, Dr. Laurencin is a pioneer in polymeric materials science for musculoskeletal systems. He produced seminal research work and discoveries in patents and papers on polymeric nanofiber technology, ushering in the field of nanomaterials for tissue regeneration. His work in published papers and patents focusing on polymer-ceramic systems inspired the development of biocomposite materials including interference screws for which he was named “One of the 100 Engineers of the Modern Era” by the American Institute of Chemical Engineers at their centennial celebration. Fundamental research on polymeric fiber system for soft tissue regeneration has led to a number of soft tissue regenerative systems including the Laurencin-Copper (LC) bioengineered anterior cruciate ligament, now in humans. His work on engineered materials for soft tissue regeneration was highlighted by National Geographic Magazine in its “100 Scientific Discoveries that Changed the World” edition. He has worked with industry on the development and understanding of systems combining polymeric materials and allograft human tissue, creating technologies helping patients throughout the world. The founder of the field of Regenerative Engineering, Laurencin’s new work focuses on the Convergence of advanced materials science including nanotechnology, biophysics, medicine, and developmental biology. At the University of Connecticut, he leads the Hartford Engineering a Limb (HEAL) project, aimed at regenerating a limb by 2030. The National Institutes of Health and the National Science Foundation currently fund his research work. He is the recipient of both the NIH Director’s Pioneer Grant Award and the NSF Emerging Frontiers in Research and Innovation Grant Award. In Materials Science and Engineering, Dr. Laurencin is a Fellow of the Materials Research Society and has been the Fred Kavli Distinguished Lecturer and Plenary Speaker for the Materials Research Society. He has served as the Edward Orton, Jr., Memorial Lecturer and the Rustum Roy Lecturer for the American Ceramic Society. Dr. Laurencin is the recipient of the Acta Biomateriala Gold Medal which honors pioneers in the field of biomaterials, whose accomplishments in discovery and translation to practice are surpassing and well known in the field. In addition, the Society for Biomaterials has honored him by creating the Cato T. Laurencin Travel Fellowship which supports underrepresented students of color in the field of biomaterials. Dr. Laurencin is a designated University Professor at the University of Connecticut, one of only two currently at the school. He serves as the Chief Executive Officer of The Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering. He is the Albert and Wilda Van Dusen Distinguished Endowed Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery, Professor of Chemical Engineering, Materials Sciences, and Biomedical Engineering. He is a core faculty member of the Africana Studies Institute at the University of Connecticut. Dr. Laurencin received his B.S.E in chemical engineering from Princeton University, and his M.D., magna cum laude, from the Harvard Medical School, receiving the Robinson Award for Surgery from National Medical Fellowships. He received his Ph.D. in biochemical engineering/biotechnology from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology where he was named a Hugh Hampton Young Fellow. IRE Receives New NSF Grant Posted on November 28, 2017 by Melanie L Burnat By Cato T. Laurencin, M.D., Ph.D. Dr. Yusuf Khan, a faculty member of the Institute for Regenerative Engineering, has received new funding from the NSF. The research will evaluate the impact in vitro of RGD-modified alginate hydrogel stiffness and low-intensity pulsed ultrasound derived acoustic radiation force on encapsulated osteoblast behavior. It will also assess the efficacy, in vivo, of transdermally applied acoustic radiation force on osteoblasts encapsulated in an RGD-modified alginate hydrogel and implanted into a mouse cranial defect. Combinations of hydrogel stiffness and acoustic radiation force levels will be investigated to determine the optimum levels for upregulating phenotypic markers and mineralization of the encapsulated osteoblasts. The optimum system is then being utilized in a mouse cranial defect model, with ultrasound force applied daily for 20 minutes a four-week period. The healing of the construct is being evaluated through histology and histomorphometry. A tenured Associate Professor, Dr. Khan received his Masters and his Ph.D. in Biomedical Engineering from Drexel University. He has appointments in the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery at the UConn Health, as well as in the Department of Chemical, Materials, and Biomolecular Engineering and the Department of Biomedical Engineering at UConn. Congratulations to Dr. Khan on funding for this exciting project. IRE Receives a New NIH/R21 Research Grant Posted on August 8, 2017 by Melanie L Burnat Institute for Regenerative Engineering faculty members Dr. Thanh Nguyen (PI) and I (Co-I) have received new funding from the NIH/NIBIB. This proposed project aims to study the science and technology which allow creating a biodegradable, highly efficient piezoelectric stimulator and integrating the stimulator with a biological chondrocyte-seeded cartilage graft to form a bionic self-stimulated cartilage tissue. We believe this bionic cartilage will be able to self-harvest mechanical impacts from joint forces, generating useful electricity to sufficiently stimulate and accelerate its own healing and regeneration process. Congratulations to Dr. Nguyen on funding for this exciting project. IRE’s Lakshmi Nair Elected NAI Fellow Posted on December 27, 2016 by Melanie L Burnat I am very happy to announce Dr. Lakshmi Nair has been elected to the National Academy of Inventors (NAI). Dr. Nair is one of the youngest individuals to be elected to the NAI, and she is now the third person (preceded by Dr. Pramod Srivastava and me) to be elected at UConn. She currently serves as a tenured associate professor of orthopedic surgery and associate director for science administration in the Institute for Regenerative Engineering at UConn Health; and also as a faculty member of biomedical engineering, materials science and engineering at UConn. Election to NAI Fellow status is “the highest professional distinction accorded to academic inventors who have demonstrated a prolific spirit of innovation in creating or facilitating outstanding inventions that have made a tangible impact on quality of life, economic development, and the welfare of society.” Dr. Nair’s novel research focuses on the development of new therapies using regenerative biomaterials to enhance tissue repair and regeneration, including innovative ways to regrow musculoskeletal tissue. In April, Dr. Nair will be inducted during NAI’s 6th Annual Conference which will take place at the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum in Boston. With the election of the 2016 class, she is now one of 757 NAI Fellows, representing 229 research universities and governmental and non-profit research institutes. Please join me in congratulating Dr. Nair. Posted in About UConn Health, Awards Kate Hayden of CICATS Receives 2016 40 Under Forty Award Posted on December 6, 2016 by Melanie L Burnat I was happy to learn Kate Hayden, Research Facilitator and Community Outreach Coordinator for CICATS, has been named one of the Hartford Business Journal’s 40 Under Forty for 2016. As a CICATS team member, Kate has led the planning of multiple health disparities projects. She is also expanding our connections with community organizations for outreach events and education, which lead to partnerships for community-based participatory research grants. Presented in September at the Connecticut Convention Center, the 40-Under-Forty Awards recognize outstanding young professionals in the Greater Hartford area who excel in their industries. They are driven by success, motivated by challenges and are role models for their peers. These individuals are part of an outstanding class of up and coming business leaders who share a commitment to business success, personal growth, and community involvement. Please join me in congratulating Kate. Presentation of the Nominees for 2016 Prix Galien USA Best Medical Technology Last month, I had the pleasure of presenting the nominees for the 2016 Prix Galien Best Medical Technology Award in the Prix Galien USA Gala Awards Ceremony at New York City’s Museum of Natural History. The Prix Galien was created in 1970 in France by a pharmacist named Roland Mehl. It honors Galien, the father of medical science and modern pharmacology. Prizes are awarded for products and agents that improve the human condition. The Prix Galien USA awards prizes for therapeutics, including Best Pharmaceutical Agent, Best Biotechnology Product, and Best Medical Technology approved by the FDA in the past five years. The Prix Galien is considered to be the industry’s equivalent of the Nobel Prize and is the highest accolade for pharmaceutical research and development. It was a great honor for me to serve on the Galien Foundation Committee. The presentation is online. Cato T. Laurencin, M.D., Ph.D. Lifetime Research Award Posted on September 2, 2016 by Melanie L Burnat I am pleased to announce Dr. James R. Gavin III is the recipient of the 2016 Cato T. Laurencin, M.D., Ph.D. Lifetime Research Award. This research award recognizes a lifelong dedication to the true science of medicine as a master clinician, incomparable researcher and teacher with the unique skills attributed to my vision. Dr. Gavin is Clinical Professor of Medicine at both Emory University and Indiana University School of Medicine. He was president of the Morehouse School of Medicine in Atlanta from 2002-2004. He served as senior scientific officer at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) from 1991-2002 and director of the HHMI-National Institutes of Health Research Scholars Program from 2000-2002. After graduating from Livingstone College in North Carolina in 1966 with a degree in chemistry, he earned his Ph.D. in biochemistry from Emory University in 1970 and his M.D. from Duke University School of Medicine in 1975. Dr. Gavin represents the quintessential scientist, educator, trailblazer, and type of leader most people aspire to become. On behalf of the Board of Directors of the W. Montague Cobb/NMA Health Institute, I thank Dr. Gavin for his many efforts and resulting accomplishments. Email: cci@uchc.edu	cc/2022-05/en_head_0000.json.gz/line509
__label__cc	0.700458	0.299542	A Research Scientist on What Happens to the Brains of Mediums When They Talk to the Other Side Dr. Eben Alexander on His Near-Death Experience—and What He’s Learned About Consciousness What 1000s of Near Death Experiences Can Teach Us About Dying When is Death Irreversible? A Resuscitation M.D. Explains Why It’s Evolving A Medium Channels a Loved One—and Explains Our Purpose Here and How We All Can Connect Great Books on Consciousness, Death, and the Afterlife Surviving Death: An Overview of Evidence to Support an Afterlife Why the Idea of Laziness Is a Lie Spring Archetypes: Why We Get Dressed The Something-for-Everyone Swimsuit Guide New Beauty Obsessions for April Seasonal Updates from Threads to Spreads (and All Things Bed) The Google Doc That Went Viral and Started a Beauty Career The New Secret to a (No-Makeup) Glow Mental Health Resources for Asian Americans 3 Ways to Layer Skin Care with Sunscreen A Nutritionist’s Approach to Treating Burnout The Secret Lives of Church Ladies How We Wear It: The G. Label Sydney Anorak Why Vitamin C Makes Skin So Glowy 3 Produce-Driven Nonalcoholic Cocktails and Tricks for Using Up Scraps The Woman Giving Fine Jewelry a Rebrand Between a Blue Zone–Influenced Lifestyle and a Magic Serum, Something’s Working Hypothesis and Emerging Research Toggle description Some early observations support this concept (or parts of the theory), and there is scientific interest in elucidating exactly what’s at work. For those who are deeply curious about the work of mediums, the Windbridge Research Center is an invaluable resource: Not only do they certify and study mediums, but they have published their findings in numerous studies. (Our guide to healers includes several who are certified research mediums through Windbridge.) As their Director of Research, Julie Beischel, Ph.D. (whose doctorate is in Pharmacology and Toxicology with a minor in Microbiology and Immunology) explains it, Windbridge’s mission is “to ease suffering around dying, death, and what comes next by performing rigorous scientific research” and sharing what they learn widely. We interviewed Beishcel about how she tests Windbridge’s Certified Research Mediums, what they do (and don’t) know about what happens when mediums connect to the other side, and how this might change the way we think about the survival of consciousness beyond the body—and provide some comfort for our time here, too. A Q&A with Julie Beischel, Ph.D. What tests did you structure to vet the mediums who are currently part of your research group? The testing procedure we used to certify the mediums on our team involved eight peer-reviewed steps but the most important one, Step 5, tested if the mediums could report accurate information about specific deceased people under controlled conditions. That ridiculously complex multi-part test was designed with the same two principles we use for all of our research: optimize the research environment and maximize the experimental controls. My favorite analogy for this is: You can’t put a seed on a table and then call it a fraud when it doesn’t turn into a tree. You have to give the seed what it needs—water, sun, soil—if you want to study how it grows. Similarly, if you want to study how the seed grows naturally, you can’t supplement the soil or use an UV lamp. The sports analogy that also works is: You can’t study football on a baseball field using hockey equipment and the rules for soccer and then claim you’ve disproven the existence of football. We test things in situations that are similar to how they exist in the real world: The mediums performed the test readings on the phone for regular people wanting to hear from their deceased loved ones. But then we also control for all the normal explanations for the source of a medium’s information: An experimenter (me) serves as a proxy on the phone in place of the actual sitter who does not hear the reading as it takes place and who later scores a decoy transcript along with their own transcript without knowing which is which. We also ask the medium specific questions about the deceased person’s personality, appearance, hobbies, and cause of death. Different experimenters perform different tasks during the different phases of the experiment. “You can’t study football on a baseball field using hockey equipment and the rules for soccer and then claim you’ve disproven the existence of football.” This scenario controls for cold reading, cueing, rater bias, and fraud. Cold reading is a method where fraudulent mediums use cues from the sitter to create what seems like an accurate reading. Cold reading can also include the reporting of information so general it could apply to almost anyone. Cold reading is eliminated as an explanation in our testing because the medium receives no information prior to the reading, no feedback during (or after) the reading, and is asked specific questions about the deceased. The testing also controls for cueing (intentional or not) by the person who is on the phone with the medium (me, the experimenter), because I don’t know who the sitter or the deceased is or the answers to the questions. It also controls for rater bias because the raters receive more than one reading to score without knowing which is theirs. Fraud or any unintentional sensory leakage are also eliminated as plausible explanations because the five participants in the experiment/test (medium, sitter, and three experimenters) are all blinded to different pieces of information. This is obviously a time and resource-intensive procedure. We were able to build our team of Windbridge Certified Research Mediums through support from a grant and at the end of that grant we stopped certifying any new mediums. However, we have started collecting data from mediums all over the US about their experiences, practices, and histories using online surveys. What exactly are you studying and/or looking for? At the Windbridge Research Center, we are asking three questions about mediums: Can they do what they claim to be doing? If so, what is unique about the people who can do it? How can it help society? Our three mediumship research programs, named Information, Operation, and Application, respectively, investigate: the accuracy and specificity of the information mediums report under controlled laboratory conditions; the experiences, psychology, and physiology (body and brain) of mediums; and the use of mediumship readings as a treatment for grief. What have you observed in terms of where in the brain they receive and process psi information? Is there a difference between psychic and medium information? The rule of thumb is that all mediums are psychic but not all psychics are mediums. While anyone can potentially have mediumistic or psychic experiences, mediums experience regular communication from the deceased and psychics regularly experience information about, or from, living people, distant locations or events, and/or times in the future or in the past (that they did not originally experience). We did one EEG study and concluded that mediums’ experiences of communication with the deceased is a mental state different than fabricating information or recalling facts previously obtained. However, because mediumship involves the mediums talking, which uses facial muscles, EEG, which is susceptible to muscle movement artifacts, is really not the best method for studying mediums’ brain activity. We have designed a study using alternative brain imaging techniques to look at mediums’ brain activity during communication with the deceased, as well as several other conditions, including obtaining psychic information about the living, for comparison. The use of imaging technologies is expensive so we will need to acquire funding in order to perform the study. We are also studying the mediums’ actual experiences during mediumistic and psychic tasks. As would be expected, the two types of psi experiences have similarities. For example, they both seem to involve multiple “senses” (seeing in the mind’s eye, mentally hearing, feeling in the body). There are also differences: psychic readings for living clients don’t seem to include taste as one of the senses experienced, whereas during mediumship readings, mediums may taste the deceased’s favorite foods and share that information with the sitter to help identify the deceased. We just finished a study in which we analyzed descriptions of the two kinds of experiences from more than 120 self-identified mediums in the US. The results from that study will be available on our website once they are published. How involved is the frontal lobe? That’s a good question and no one knows the answer. Very little research of any kind has been done with modern-day mediums and even less has been done studying their brains. What are you ultimately trying to determine? At the Windbridge Research Center we are ultimately interested in helping people alleviate suffering using research and education. Specifically, we hope to normalize phenomena like mediumship and spontaneous after-death communication experiences in regular people (for example, sensing the presence of the deceased, dreams about them, smells, or music) so people who have those experiences—which are very common—can stop feeling like they are crazy or delusional. The body of research on spontaneous experiences of a deceased loved one has found that they occur in roughly 30 percent of people at some point in their lives and that about 80 percent of people will have at least one experience in the first year following the death of someone close to them. Those are numbers people should have. “No ‘body’ is getting out of here alive. But it’s only the body—not the whole self—that will die. And really knowing that can make any life at least a little easier.” We are also very interested in treatments for grief. The healthcare community has very little to offer the grieving but experiences like mediumship readings in which the bereaved experience their continuing bonds with the deceased seem to have substantial positive effects. However, further research is needed before we can say for sure. We are also interested in providing evidence-based materials demonstrating that consciousness survives after the physical death of the body as a way to alleviate the fear people experience contemplating their own deaths. This is relevant for people currently dying and their loved ones as well as for the rest of us. No “body” is getting out of here alive. But it’s only the body—not the whole self—that will die. And really knowing that can make any life at least a little easier. Based on your research, do you have any theories about the relationship between consciousness and the brain? Can you imagine how science might eventually be able to determine what’s going on there? The theory that the brain creates consciousness is called “materialism” and it’s just a theory that somehow got stuck in textbooks, classrooms, and movies. Materialism is equivalent to thinking that a radio creates the sounds that come out of it. The alternative theory views consciousness as “non-local,” a term coined by physician Larry Dossey. In the non-locality explanation, consciousness is not localized to the brain, not bound by space or time, it is infinite, and it is merely funneled or translated by the brain. This theory accounts for phenomena like mediums communicating with people after their deaths, children who remember past lives, near-death experiences, out-of-body experiences, the Army’s Stargate remote viewing program, knowing who’s on the phone before it rings, dreaming about tomorrow’s events, and on and on. “Consciousness—the signal—exists separate from the brain which is just the antenna.” An example people may be familiar with is a mother who knows her child just got in a car accident all the way across the country. How could her brain know that if it is here and her child is there? With non-locality there is no here or there, no now or then; consciousness can be any place and any time. We don’t experience it like that day-to-day because our brain is busy remembering to eat and breathe and not step out in front of that bus. Consciousness—the signal—exists separate from the brain, which is just the antenna. Yes, if the antenna is damaged, the signal comes out wonky or if it breaks entirely, the signal doesn’t come through at all, but the signal still exists. Science has already been gathering laboratory evidence for non-locality for decades but people fear change and shaking up the status quo is difficult. Ideas that are different—even evidence-based, empirically-tested, peer-reviewed ones—often struggle for attention, acceptance, and funding, but that’s where we are right now. What are your theories about what happens to the soul after death? Soul isn’t a word most scientists are comfortable with but it’s a concept similar to the self, the mind, or consciousness. The different areas of research that support the idea that consciousness survives after the physical death of the body—the big three are mediumship, near-death experiences, and children who remember past lives—demonstrate that consciousness is non-local and will continue to exist after the body dies. It also seems that in this disembodied state, the consciousness continues to learn, and heal, and grow. MORE ON CONSCIOUSNESS >> Julie Beischel, Ph.D., is co-founder and Director of Research at the Windbridge Research Center, a nonprofit organization dedicated to performing rigorous scientific research and creating educational materials focused on dying, death, and what comes next. (See their Facebook page here.) Beischel received her doctorate in Pharmacology and Toxicology with a minor in Microbiology and Immunology from the University of Arizona in 2003. Her current research interests include examinations of the accuracy and specificity of the information mediums report as well as their experiences, psychology, and physiology; and the potential social applications of mediumship readings. She is the author of numerous peer-reviewed research articles, as well as the books Among Mediums: A Scientist’s Quest for Answers; Meaningful Messages: Making the Most of Your Mediumship Reading; From the Mouths of Mediums; and Investigating Mediums. goop your inbox Sign-up for our newsletter. By clicking "submit," you agree to receive emails from goop and accept our web terms of use and privacy and cookie policy.	cc/2022-05/en_head_0000.json.gz/line511
__label__cc	0.749539	0.250461	Management has been studied by a lot of theorists who then learning from their own experiences came out with different theories and styles of management, explaining how to manage. The classical school has proven to be one of the most influential of all the schools. (Brooks 2009). Due to the success of the bureaucratic and scientific management style of managing, this essay will look into the bureaucratic style of management and then the scientific style of management and show that although these theories were developed during the turn of the twentieth century, they are still present in organisations today and are still very relevant to this day and age. Fredrick W Taylor, who came out with the scientific management theory, believed that all organisation irrespective of their production, size or location need management and managers (Brunnson, 2008). He focuses his attention on the lower levels of the hierarchy, which are the individuals in the work force. Pearson (1947) explains how Taylor defined the art of management as knowing exactly what you want your men to do and achieving that in the cheapest, best way possible. Considering my job as a call centre representative, for six months, two years ago back home in India, and looking at Taylor’s principles on how to achieve maximum efficiency, I can with the help of my experiences explain the presence of his principles still in organisations today. Taylor (1911) in his scientific management theory explains his 4 basic principles, on how to manage. Firstly the manager needs to know what to do and how to do it in order to achieve maximum efficiency. The manager then needs to recruit his employees and train them so as to achieve greater results in the quickest time. He also explains on how the manager will need to keep his employees in check, and reward them with benefits for good performance. Also the manager needs to divide the work responsibility amongst the workforce and take some responsibility himself. Looking at Taylor’s principles as given to us by him, and considering my job in India the similarities are surprising. I was recruited after a round of two interviews, one a telephone interview and the other a personal interview with the manager. My skills weren’t even looked upon other than the fact that I could speak English. I was then hired and put through training for six weeks. We were trained on how to talk to customers and what kind of answers to give to what questions. All of us were given a script with possible answers to every possible question we could have been faced with. Post the training we were put in the field to make calls to the customers. I was always kept in check like the other employees by the manager, our calls were over heard by him and we were every week given a target to sell ‘n’ number of products and if we crossed the target by a certain extent we would get a paid day off. This whole process of recruiting, training, being told what exactly to do, performance related benefits is so similar to Taylor’s principles that the style of management is obviously still returning results and is still relevant in certain industries. Taylor’s principles have been criticised, as Grey (2009) puts it, that following Taylor’s principles does not help in the professional growth of the employees and leads to further deskilling. I agree to the criticism and also left my job for the same reason, as I was learning nothing. But what needs to be understood is my peers in the job, quite enjoyed the pay and the work environment, as they possessed no proper skills other than speaking mediocre English but were being paid well than any other place and holding conversations in English wasn’t a problem as everything went according to the script that was given to them. So maybe Taylor’s principles are criticised for a reason but there are still people out there, in maybe the less fortunate economies of the world who need to earn money but possess no skills and factories like Henry Ford’s are their only option as they get on the job training and get paid well, and prove efficient to the employer. Another theorist well known for his work in the same field sided with the principles of management as he saw its rise inevitable and termed the style of management Bureaucratic. This theorist saw the future of organisations and their method of functioning well before it prevailed. Max Webber came out with his theory on management emphasising on the importance of Authority and how it binds society and also laid importance on Accountability and Control (Brooks, 2009). Many organisations followed the bureaucratic style of management for a long time, especially during the industrial revolution, as it was one of the most successful management styles then. The first world countries who faced their time of industrial revolution and moved on to the informational one, find the bureaucratic way of functioning old fashioned, due to all the technological advances. But the Bureaucratic way of functioning proved excellent during the industrial revolution, which thus brought them to the informational one (Toffler, 1984). Considering the economic differences in the world and how there are still countries who are dealing with industrial revolution, they will certainly adopt the bureaucratic way of functioning knowing the success it brought to the first world countries. So saying the theory is out of date, is not right as its relevance still prevails in many parts of the globe. The aim therefore is to measure the use of bureaucratic functions in organisations today and discuss is importance even at this date. Organisations today say, the post bureaucratic way of management is the new form of organisations to prove effective and efficient. The Post bureaucratic way as explained by Grey (2009) suggests trusting your employees, empowerment, and personal treatment towards employees and shared responsibility while completing a task. The management style does seem more favourable for the employees of the organisations, but considering the stiff competition, the rivalry, and the sheer size of organisations today does it seem effective. As Grey (2009) explains, problems such as loss of control over employees, the risk of a wrong decision by the employee towards the organisation and also the post bureaucratic style marks an increase in insecurity and anxiety amongst the employees who like to be told what to do when doing a task as no one wants to go wrong considering the employment situation in the world, no one wants to loose a job or even cause a threat to it in anyway. A good way to know, the number of people who are still a part of a bureaucratic style organisation is to study statistics of people working for Banks, Hospitals, Army, etc as these jobs are the ones from organisations that follow a strict hierarchical structure and have control over their employees. Looking at the current job markets, Banks employ more than 2000000 employees (Bankspider. com) who thus are now a part of the bureaucratic style of management, knowing how banks have a strong hierarchical structure. NHS the medical industry of the UK alone employees over a million employees (NHS. com), thus making them work in a bureaucratic style organisation. The Army, Factories for various products all employ people and also follow a bureaucratic style of management, since efficient production is there aim. So considering our organisations today a large quantity of organisations still follow the bureaucratic style and thus so do their employees. Although over the years strict authority over employees in many industry’s has educed, they are left to do their tasks, but authority still does prevail in times of decision making as each decision made affects the whole organisation considering the competition in today’s world, and the risk of being brought down at anytime. Organisations today with their large sizes and the competition they face have to keep every action in check and have to be efficient. Efficiency meaning they attain maximum profits by spending the least. This is where the labour process explained by Grey (2009) comes in, explaining how bureaucracy still does prevail. With the technological advances the labour market that is employed is the least skilled, are paid low wages and the managers are in total control of the employees in turn effectively proving efficient for the organisations. Today in the 21st century organisations do need to be innovative and creative to achieve greater profits and attract larger market segments, this although now even in bureaucratic organisations is allowed. Looking at one of the biggest examples in the market, Apple. Although the employers do have their authority, employees are allowed to be innovative in their designs, functionality, Aesthetics, technology etc but the designs still are put up for approval by the managers, who finally then take it to the owner Steve Jobbs who then passes every product Apple makes. So there is authority, there is a hierarchical structure, but the authority is not as strong and the hierarchical structure is small and convenient. So a bureaucratic style does exist even in one of the most innovative companies who have transformed the IT industry. Thus understanding the two styles of management and studying their relevance in today’s day and age and comparing them to the jobs of today makes it clear that although organisations have progressed in terms of product development, size and competition they still, to an extent follow the theories of the classical school. Scientific management may not be present in organisations in the exact mentioned style but the basics of Taylor’s principles are still followed to achieve better and efficient results. It also needs to be accepted that organisations where a large number of identical, standard operations are needed or have a rigid chain of command will have a bureaucratic style of management as little training or initiative is required since people just follow orders. Some organisations might have a different style of management but the number of people still part of bureaucratic style organisations is large, thus showing the presence of the bureaucratic style of management still in the 21st century. Hence Grey (2009) states bureaucracy offers not an optimum solution to each case it deals with but an optimum average solution, hence it maybe in particular cases not as optimum but overall it is more efficient. Also classifying these theories as out of date and fashion is wrong as management theories don’t go out of date, but are improved upon by new theorists who develop a style improving on the previous ones. http://www.marxists.org/reference/subject/economics/taylor/principles/index.htm http://www.jstor.org/pss/1948832 The post Scientific Management appeared first on Essay Bishops.	cc/2022-05/en_head_0000.json.gz/line514
__label__wiki	0.675545	0.675545	Little Brother Speaks on 9th Wonder, “Left Back” & Waka Flocka Flame Written By ionehiphopwiredstaff “We are done with it. I hate to say it but fans will just have to realize that there will never be a Little Brother reunion with 9th Wonder. It’s a done deal…” – Phonte Little Brother has been one of the gate keepers when it comes to delivering solid Hip-Hop music. The North Carolina duo recently checked in with Hip-Hop Wired to discuss their upcoming album, their views on Waka Flocka Flame and their issues with their former group member and producer 9th Wonder. Hip-Hopwired: Let’s just get right to it, what is going on between you, Phonte and 9th Wonder. Because fans were under the impression that everything was cool and then came the word exchange on Twitter? Phonte: I pretty much said everything that I had to say in the video, I mean if any fan would like to know how I really feel about the situation, just check the video I did on Twitter and it will let you know everything that you need to know. Hip-Hop Wired: With you, Phonte, it seems as if the issue with 9th Wonder was beyond music, you guys were actually friends. Do youthink that this will blow over with a little time apart? Phonte: I mean honestly after everything that went down outside of the stuff I talked about in the video, does he sound like a true friend to you? We are done with it, I hate to say it but fans will just have to realize that there will never be a Little Brother reunion with 9th Wonder. It’s a done deal, not to be rude but we just have to get over it and move on because we are still here and making great music for each and every one of our fans. Hip-Hop Wired: Before we move on to your album, we have to ask Big Pooh, how are you feeling after the accident? Big Pooh: I am feeling a lot better, right now I am doing my physical therapy but I am all good. Hip-Hop Wired: That’s great to hear, we aren’t going to see you on Judge Mathis are we? Big Pooh: [Laughs] Naw, I’m good. Thanks to all the fans for their well wishes. Hip-Hop Wired: On to the album Left Back, what can fans expect when they cop the album? Phonte: Fans can expect us to bring what we have always done, dope rhymes over dope beats, you know. We are striving to bring fans the best every day and that’s what we will continue to do. It’s not different from what we have done, it’s just us doing us. Hip-Hop Wired: Let’s talk about the leaked track “Star”, there have been rumors and speculation about why it was leaked, can you shed some light on that for me? Phonte: Well, “Star” was originally done back in 2006. It was originally supposed to be a bonus track on I-Tunes, but [9th Wonder] didn’t want it to be a featured track and he got it pulled off. So we found another way to get it to the fans out there that really wanted to hear it and decided to give it away. Hip-Hop Wired: Besides the upcoming Little Brother project, you guys also have independent projects you are working on as well. Phonte, you have Foreign Exchange and Big Pooh, you have been doing various projects with artists including Joe Scudda. What should fans be on the lookout for from you guys next? Phonte: We are in the process now of getting our production company that I started with Nicolay going full fledge and we are working on releasing an album with a very talented singer name Yahzarah who is actually featured on [Left Back] album. She is phenomenal and we are dropping her album May 4. We also have the keyboard player in our band who is also a producer Zo. Zo’s album Sun Storm will be out in July and The new Foreign Exchange project will be out in October. Hip-Hop Wired: What about you Pooh, what projects should we be on the lookout for? Big Pooh: I’ve been working on a project, an EP with my man Ron C out of Oxinard and also my next solo album Dirty Pretty Things, trying to get that finished up to be released later this year. If fans haven’t already, be sure to cop that Purple Tape mix tape-it’s free and also cop my album The Delightful Bars. It’s dope, trust me. Hip-Hop Wired: Definitely there were a few tracks off the Purple Tape that went hard, it was in stark contrast to what Phonte is doing with Foreign Exchange, it’s just dope to listen to the music you create individually versus collective. Big Pooh: It’s the fact that we have so much soul and different influences in all of us that allows s to really create good music that everyone should and can relate to. Hip-Hop Wired: Pooh you said that you were giving fans a free mix tape? Big Pooh: Well it was released in January, but fans can log on to: http://rapperbigpooh.bandcamp.com and enter their email address to get a free copy of the Purple Tape mix tape. Hip-Hop Wired: With you guys being labeled as “real Hip-Hop”, how do you guys feel about the monotony in the industry right now? Phonte: I honestly don’t care. I am at the point in my life where I can just listen to the music that I like and I really don’t have to pay attention to what is going on in the industry or on the radio, I really am just about getting the cats that want to get on to create good music a chance. The music that I do like, I support it. I have a podcast called www.GordonGartrellradio.com with my dude DJ Brainchild and we play music we like and aim to give exposure to artists we enjoy. Hip-Hop Wired: I know you stated that you don’t listen to a lot of radio, but it would be interesting to see you guys collaborate with some artists outside of your crew, who are some artists that you guys would love to work with? Big Pooh: DJ Quik, I would love to work with Pharrell and definitely Premier. Phonte: I would say DJ Quik as well and definitely Premier, but me I like to listen for something new to see who is the next big thing, that’s what I’m normally on. Hip-Hop Wired: With that said, would you guys ever do a track with Waka Flocka Flame? Phonte: Naw, that ain’t going to happen. [Laughs] Honestly, I respect his hustle and I have stated before that his song does work in the club and actually I listen to it when I am working out because it gets me motivated but just because two artists have respect for each other doesn’t mean they need to work together. For example, I like peanut butter and I like sushi, but I would never eat them together, some Shyte just needs to stay separated. 9th wonder , big pooh , foreign exchange , little brother , phonte , Waka Flocka Flame More By ionehiphopwiredstaff The Ups And Downs Of Princess Shuri: What Happened To Letitia Wright?	cc/2022-05/en_head_0000.json.gz/line517
__label__wiki	0.677702	0.677702	1991 Operation Desert Storm Map - Operation Desert Storm Planning Graphic - Middle East Map - Persian Gulf War Map - Iraq Kuwait Saudi Arabia Map - Desert Storm Poster VINTAGE MAP REPRODUCTION: You’ll love this high quality historic reproduction of 1991 Operation Desert Storm Map. Our museum quality maps are archival grade, which means it will look great and last without fading for over 100 years. Our print to order maps are made in the USA and each map is inspected for quality. This beautiful artwork is a perfect addition to your themed decor. Vintage maps look great in the home, study or office. They make a perfect gift as well. A LOOK BACK AT HISTORY: This is an impressive, historic reproduction of 1991 Operation Desert Storm Map. This print is from an original found in the maps and geography division of the US Library of Congress. A true piece of history. See our product description section for more fascinating information about this historic map and its significance. Prepared and published by the Defense Mapping Agency, this strategic map of the Middle East provides a detailed depiction of the region that was utilized during the planning of Desert Storm in late 1990. The Gulf War, which had been codenamed Desert Storm, was sparked by the Iraqi invasion of neighboring gulf state Kuwait. President George H.W. Bush, in coalition with British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, deployed more than five hundred thousand US troops in the region bolstered with forces from the UK, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Australia, and more. The efforts became an allegiance of the largest allied nations since World War II. The initial conflict to remove Iraqi troops from Kuwait was kicked off with aerial and naval bombardment, which lasted five weeks, followed by a six-month ground invasion that liberated Kuwait and advanced into Iraq. Iraq had long been an ally of the Soviet Union and was attempting to take control of Kuwait due to its valued proximity to coastal ports, which were crucial to the exportation of oil globally. The conflict was the first to have live news broadcasts from the frontlines. The unique aesthetic and style of this map create a sense for the scope and scale of the invasion and allows the viewer to be transported back in time, and this is an authentic piece of cartographical and Military History. The coalition’s ultimate victory would result in a peace treaty conducted in an alliance held territory of Iraq. Our museum quality giclee print comes printed with archival ink on premium heavyweight matte paper. Shipped in a sturdy cardboard tube your print will arrive ready to be framed. This eye-catching map reproduction print makes the perfect gift for anyone that loves history and imagery.	cc/2022-05/en_head_0000.json.gz/line519
__label__wiki	0.626404	0.626404	Dartmouth’s Formula Hybrid Gears Up for a Sixth Year of Competition Read the full story at Thayer School news. Dartmouth’s 6th annual Formula Hybrid Competition will take place April 30 to May 3 at the New Hampshire Motor Speedway in Loudon, N.H. Founded and run by Thayer School of Engineering at Dartmouth, the competition features high-performance hybrid and electric race cars built by teams of undergraduate and graduate engineering students. In preparation for the Formula Hybrid Competition, the Dartmouth Formula Racing team takes its vehicle for a test run in front of the Thayer School of Engineering. The 6th annual competition will take place April 30 to May 3 at the New Hampshire Motor Speedway. (Courtesy of Dartmouth Formula Racing) Students compete in aspects of design, acceleration, handling, and endurance of their vehicle and abide by a long list of rules. Formula hybrid teams, however, are faced with the additional challenge of optimizing both energy efficiency and sustainability of materials used in their cars. “This competition provides a framework for teams to explore and engineer new energy-efficient drivetrain technologies,“ said Wynne Washburn, the competition’s deputy director, ”It’s dynamic and exciting and produces an amazing atmosphere of collaboration and learning throughout each team’s year-long design and development process.“ Watch a video of the 2012 Dartmouth Formula Racing team. Dartmouth Adopts Need-Blind International Admissions Historic $40 million gift caps $90 million campaign to expand global access.	cc/2022-05/en_head_0000.json.gz/line525
__label__wiki	0.896773	0.896773	Storbeck/Pimentel Recruits Provost for Colorado School of Mines January 16, 2019 – The Colorado School of Mines, commonly known as Mines, with the assistance of Storbeck/Pimentel & Associates, one of the nation’s leading boutique providers in the higher education space, has named Richard Holz as its next provost. Mr. Holz is currently dean of the Klingler College of Arts and Sciences at Marquette University and will join Mines in June. Alberto Pimentel, the firm’s managing partner, and Salvador Venegas, senior associate, led the search. “Rick brings skills and experience that we identified as critical to achieving our MINES@150 strategic plan,” said Paul C. Johnson, president of the school. “He is a great listener and is entrepreneurial. He highly values impactful teaching, research and industry partnerships. And he has experience and new ideas related to expanding the reach and impact of our unique programs. This is an exciting time to be joining Mines as we look toward our 150th anniversary in 2024 and work to position Mines for its next 150 years of success and global impact.” Proven Leader At Marquette, Mr. Holz led the largest of the university’s nine colleges and schools, guiding 12 academic departments, 40 undergraduate majors, 14 interdisciplinary programs and 18 graduate degree programs. During his tenure as dean, he oversaw the establishment of five new entrepreneurial centers of excellence – including the Northwestern Mutual Data Science Institute, made possible by a $6.25 million corporate donation – launched multiple innovative interdisciplinary degrees and more than tripled the number of student internship opportunities. Prior to joining Marquette in 2013, Mr. Holz spent seven years at Loyola University Chicago, where he served as associate dean for resources and planning in the College of Arts and Sciences (2011 to 2013) and as chairman of the chemistry and biochemistry department (2006 to 2011). New Role As provost, Mr. Holz will serve as Mines’ chief academic officer. He will work closely with Mr. Johnson and other members of the executive cabinet, providing leadership on strategic initiatives that ensure that Mines is a top-of-mind and first-choice university for top engineering and science students, industry partners, and world-renowned faculty and staff, said the school. “I am extremely honored to join such an accomplished faculty at a world-class university,” Mr. Holz said. “Mines has such a bright future and I can’t wait to begin working with faculty, students and alumni to bring the university’s strategic plan to fruition and raise the profile of Mines to the next level.” Hunt Scanlon Top 50 Non-Profit & Higher Education Search Firms Hunt Scanlon Media presents its first ever roundup of leading recruiters in the non-profit / higher education sectors. Check out these top 50 trailblazers – ranging from the largest recruiting and talent leadership solutions firms to the leading boutique specialists. Colorado School of Mines, located in Golden, CO, is a public university focused on science and engineering. It has been a state institution since 1874. Since its founding, the school has evolved from an institution serving the needs of the local mining industry to an internationally recognized research university offering disciplinary and interdisciplinary engineering and applied science degrees through the doctoral level. The Colorado School of Mines enrolls over 6,000 students with about 4,700 undergraduate students and 1,300 graduate students. In 2017, U.S. News and World Report ranked Mines as one of the nation’s top 30 public schools. Higher Education Recruiters Storbeck/Pimentel has a strong history of recruiting top leadership in higher education. The firm has placed presidents at the University of Arizona, Swarthmore College, Pomona College, Carnegie Mellon University, University of Wyoming and the University of Wisconsin-Madison, among many others. Minority and female owned, the firm has more than 25 consultants and support staff in two main offices in Los Angeles and Philadelphia, with affiliated offices in Vermont, Virginia and Florida. Mr. Pimentel co-founded Storbeck/Pimentel & Associates in 2007 and has led and managed hundreds of search assignments for a variety of public and private universities and colleges, non-profit organizations and governmental agencies over the past 20 years. He has recruited candidates for both academic and administrative positions for university systems as well as individual campuses. His experience includes conducting searches for chancellors, presidents, provosts, vice presidents, academic deans, executive directors and managers across all functional areas. He is also widely known for his work across multiple campuses in the University of California and California State systems. Mr. Venegas’ career in executive search spans more than a decade and has been exclusively dedicated to serving higher education clients. He has worked closely with the partners of Storbeck/Pimentel in conducting searches for public and private universities across the U.S. He has directed every aspect of the search process, including research, strategy, recruitment, evaluation, referencing and logistical support. His extensive experience includes recruiting for all senior administrative positions (president, chancellor, provost, dean, vice president) in higher education. Check Out These Related Articles On Searches For Provosts: Higher Education Leadership Search Finds New Provost for Northeastern State University Greenwood / Asher & Associates Recruits New Provost for Wright State Witt/Kieffer Places Provost at Ithaca College Coleman Lew Leads Provost Search for Lenoir-Rhyne University Heidrick & Struggles Taps Business Talent Group’s Pool of Independent Professionals 6 Global Workforce Predictions for the New Year	cc/2022-05/en_head_0000.json.gz/line527
__label__cc	0.70389	0.29611	Trying to live more thoughtfully and write more freely FiveHundredaDay More Fervent Wishes I had a relaxing but relatively boring weekend. It provided rest, exercise, sunshine, family time…and very little writing material. On Sunday night I was clearing out the clutter in the “promotions” section of my Gmail. I’m not so good at unchecking boxes when I order things online. As a result, I inadvertently agree to statements like these: Yes, please sign me up to receive no less than 50 emails per hour from us informing you of our amazing discount offers, unnecessary products, and pleas for contributions. In the midst of those 40,000 emails, though, one caught my eye. Why? It was a note from the 92nd St Y, and the memo line said, “Remembering RBG.” I clicked on it. If I’m being honest…and I am…I have to admit that I may have done that as much as a way to avoid writing as out of curiosity or reverence for one of my heroes. What I found, though, was my third lengthy YouTube video of the evening… and hope. RBG had spoken at the 92nd St Y in September of 2019. One year…and a lifetime ago. I remembered having tried to get tickets. Hah! No such luck. But now here was the full interview for me to watch. I had not realized that the Y recorded and published these appearances. I needed to watch. It was 57 minutes long. It would probably preclude any writing. I clicked play. In my rationalizing mind I thought, “Maybe there will be parts I can play in class.” There were. I also thought, “This may be healing.” Friday night had been such a dismal night. At 7:41 we got Sarah’s text, a simple, bleak, “RBG.” Maybe this could counter that bleak. It helped. Listening to the justice recount the struggles in her career with such optimism and determination gave me a bit of optimism myself. The world has changed during her lifetime. In many respects it was because of her. When she started at Harvard Law School there were 9 women in a class of 500. Now it’s 50% women. When she graduated from Columbia Law School (after being on the Law Review for both Harvard and Columbia), she couldn’t get a job. Really. Top of her class at the most prestigious law schools. “Well,” she said, “I had three strikes against me: first, I was Jewish, second, I was a woman, but worst of all, I was a mother. No one wanted to hire a mother.” When she started teaching law at Rutgers, her students wanted a class in women’s rights. At the same time she started hearing about cases that were being brought to the ACLU involving women. She mentioned that teachers were some of the most prominent cases. Women teachers were being put on “maternity leave” when they began to “show” that they were pregnant. “Leave,” literally meant, “Please leave.” Schools thought it would be upsetting for students to see their teachers in such a state. That was in the 60s and 70s. That was in my lifetime. In her lifetime, our country went from having zero women judges on the higher courts (district, appeals, or supreme) to having three women Supreme Court justices at once. Progress, to be sure, thought certainly not equality. When the interviewer asked her if there was anything that she would change, had Founding Mothers been a thing at the constitutional convention, she said, “I would add an equal rights amendment.” She noted that no constitution written after 1950 has failed to include language that makes explicit that all people, regardless of gender, are of equal stature in the eyes of the law. It made me remember my mother, now 90, marching for the ERA in the 1970s. Somehow, that seemed attainable then. Finally, RBG spoke of her reverence and passion for the constitution. I think her interviewer was baiting her to say something negative about the man in the White House when he asked, “Do you see any threats to the constitution during these times?” Ever judicious in her replies, she smiled, paused, allowed the audience to fill in what she might have wanted to say, and then said, “The great justice, Learned Hand said, ‘Liberty lies in the hearts of men and women. When it dies there, no constitution, no law, no court, can save it.’” She said she had hope in the hearts of good people, and left it at that. Maybe in the passing of the Notorious RBG, we will all be reminded of her wisdom and courage, and we will work to make her most fervent wishes reality. humbleswede Visits: Real and Virtual 5 thoughts on “More Fervent Wishes” Writing to Learn, Learning to Write says: RBG. We now need to carry forward everything she fought so hard to accomplish. Stacey Shubitz says: I would love to watch that video. Would you mind sharing the link? humbleswede says: I just added the link. It’s in the text of the slice…or here https://youtu.be/0bZZiy16pu4 jcareyreads says: I’d also love to watch. I’ve enjoyed reading memories and inspirations from RBG. Melanie Meehan says: Your Friday night reminds me of mine as I also got the news from one of my distraught daughters. I’d have to look for her text, but it was right about the same time. And, if you read my slice, I also clicked on a link I wouldn’t ordinarily click. She was an inspiration and a role model to so many with the powers of wisdom, understatement, insight, and hope in humanity. Your words capture much of those powers. We all have work to do to honor her. 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__label__wiki	0.862817	0.862817	Hunter Goddard Film Blogger Film Criticism and Analysis Movie News Blog “The Los Angeles Times” ranks Ennio Morricone’s ten greatest film scores Randall Roberts of The Los Angeles Times writes, “Serving as sort of whimsical, opinionated Greek chorus — one that could turn dark and sinister in a flash — his work played a co-starring role.” (Image Courtesy: The Los Angeles Times). Ennio Morricone died yesterday in Rome at ninety-one years old, according to The Los Angeles Times. Staff writer Randall Roberts describes him as not only “the most important film composer of the twentieth century,” but “also the busiest.” Roberts lists his top ten scores as: Sergio Leone’s Trilogia del dollaro; Gillo Pontecorvo’s La battaglia di Algeri (1966); Sergio Sollima’s La resa dei conti (1968); Dario Argento’s Il gatto a nove code (1971); Bernardo Bertolucci’s Novecento (1976); Terrence Malick’s Days of Heaven (1978); John Carpenter’s The Thing (1982); Roland Joffé’s The Mission (1986); Brian De Palma’s The Untouchables (1987); and Quentin Tarantino’s The H8teful Eight (2015). Author Hunter GoddardPosted on July 7, 2020 Categories Movie News BlogTags bloggers, blogging, blogs, cinema, ennio morricone, entertainment, films, hollywood, movies, music, news, scoresLeave a comment on “The Los Angeles Times” ranks Ennio Morricone’s ten greatest film scores Pennsylvania composer to debut original score for classic silent films Pennsylvania composer Kyle Simpson will debut original scores to two classic silent films (Georges Méliès’s A Trip to the Moon (1902) and The Kingdom of Fairies (1903)) Saturday at Carnegie Library and Music Hall, according to the Pittsburgh Tribune-Review. Simpson, an assistant professor of music at Washington & Jefferson College who has performed professionally with the Glenn Miller Orchestra as well as Lew Soloff and Paquito D’Rivera, will play the scores live with his chamber orchestra and Pittsburgh’s Redline String Quartet. The Village Voice named A Trip to the Moon one of the hundred greatest films of the twentieth century. Author Hunter GoddardPosted on January 23, 2020 Categories Movie News BlogTags blogs, cinema, filmmakers, filmmaking, films, france, french, motion pictures, movies, music, news, silentLeave a comment on Pennsylvania composer to debut original score for classic silent films Netflix greenlights Bradley Cooper’s Leonard Bernstein film, with all-star producers Netflix has acquired the rights to the untitled Leonard Bernstein biopic Bradley Cooper will direct, star in, and produce, from a screenplay he co-wrote with Academy Award-winning scriptwriter Josh Singer, who wrote Tom McCarthy’s Spotlight (2015), according to Deadline. Martin Scorsese, Steven Spielberg, and Todd Phillips are all set to produce, with Netflix determined to ride its own wave of star-driven prestige success from this year’s Best Picture nominees, Scorsese’s The Irishman (2019) as well as Noah Baumbach’s Marriage Story (2019). Cooper’s sophomore effort will cover thirty years of marriage between Bernstein and his wife, Chilean-born actress Felicia Montealegre. Author Hunter GoddardPosted on January 21, 2020 Categories Movie News BlogTags blogs, cinema, filmmakers, filmmaking, films, hollywood, leonard bernstein, motion pictures, movies, music, netflix, newsLeave a comment on Netflix greenlights Bradley Cooper’s Leonard Bernstein film, with all-star producers Behind the score for “Uncut Gems” Adam Sandler stars as Howard Ratner, a New York jeweler and gambler. (Image Courtesy: NPR). Daniel Lopatin, an electronic musician who also records under the name Oneohtrix Point Never, scored Josh and Benny Safdie’s Uncut Gems (2019), having collaborated with the brothers previously for Good Time (2017), according to NPR. Using an eclectic cocktail of old-school synthesizers, Mellotron flutes, saxophone solos, as well as an eight-person choir, the inspiration behind the cosmic, New Age soundtrack was Vangelis, the Greek synthesizer conductor. Lopatin says while film is expected to be more realistic, music is expected to be more fantastical, which is why such a meditative score of analog synthesizers is juxtaposed against such a chaotic movie. Author Hunter GoddardPosted on December 28, 2019 December 28, 2019 Categories Movie News BlogTags adam sandler, blogs, cinema, filmmakers, filmmaking, films, hollywood, motion pictures, movies, music, news, uncut gemsLeave a comment on Behind the score for “Uncut Gems” Michael Jackson biopic will span singer’s life in all its “complexity” Graham King, who produced Bryan Singer’s Bohemian Rhapsody (2018), has acquired the rights to make a Michael Jackson biopic spanning his entire life (including the 1994 and 2005 child molestation allegations), as well as access to all his music, according to The Independent. John Logan, who wrote Ridley Scott’s Gladiator (2000), will be the scriptwriter, having previously collaborated with King on Martin Scorsese’s Howard Hughes biopic, The Aviator (2004). Jackson has been in the headlines this year ever since the release of Dan Reed’s Leaving Neverland (2019), in which Wade Robson and James Safechuck come forward with new allegations against the King of Pop. Author Hunter GoddardPosted on November 24, 2019 Categories Movie News BlogTags biopics, blogs, cinema, filmmakers, filmmaking, films, leaving neverland, michael jackson, motion pictures, movies, music, newsLeave a comment on Michael Jackson biopic will span singer’s life in all its “complexity” Composer discusses film scoring On Wednesday, Branford College hosted a Residential College Tea with composer Howard Shore, who shared with conductor John Mauceri the technical method as well as the emotional artistry behind cinematic scoring, according to the Yale Daily News. Shore, who scored the likes of Peter Jackson’s The Lord of the Rings trilogy, says one must be disciplined enough to write music bar by bar and page by page, while, at the same time, composing from the heart, rather than analytically or intellectually (which all comes later). Shore’s next project will be featured in François Girard’s The Song of Names (2019), with a Christmas Day release date. Author Hunter GoddardPosted on November 18, 2019 Categories Movie News BlogTags blogs, cinema, entertainment, filmmakers, filmmaking, films, industry, motion pictures, movies, music, news, updatesLeave a comment on Composer discusses film scoring A One Direction fan fiction adaptation wins big at People’s Choice Awards Australian actress Josephine Langford stars in a movie based on a self-published e-book about a college student who falls in love with Harry Styles. (Image Courtesy: BBC News). Jenny Gage’s After (2019) beat Jordan Peele’s Us (2019) as well as Dexter Fletcher’s Rocketman (2019) at the People’s Choice Awards in the drama category, despite only seventeen percent of critical reviews aggregated through Rotten Tomatoes being positive, according to BBC News. The film, starring Ralph Fiennes’s nephew, Hero-Fiennes Tiffin, is adapted from a piece of One Direction fan fiction first published by Anna Todd on WattPadd in 2013, which has gone on to be read more than six hundred million times and snagged the thirty-year-old author a book deal. Roger Kumble’s sequel, After We Collided (2020), recently wrapped production. Author Hunter GoddardPosted on November 11, 2019 Categories Movie News BlogTags after, cinema, filmmakers, filmmaking, films, harry styles, motion pictures, movies, music, news, one direction, people's choice awardsLeave a comment on A One Direction fan fiction adaptation wins big at People’s Choice Awards Guest essay: “Circle of Life” By Sandra Reid Imagine picking up a kitten for the first time, or maybe even a human baby. Alternatively seeing the sunrise or visiting the zoo. There is exactly one song that comes to mind in each of these scenarios, the iconic “Circle of Life.” Whether performing a jumbled collection of syllables to reach for the legendary Zulu solo at the beginning or howling the chorus on seeing a baby, the song has permeated our everyday lives in a way never matched even by the likes of “Let It Go.” It changed how major films introduce their themes, characters, and titles. The now over-saturated late title drop had been done in a few action movies previously, but “Circle of Life” codified how to make it work; awe-inspiring score and animation all seeped in operatic sincerity. Even in the musical adaptation it alone could be worth the price of admission with gorgeous puppets and costumes surrounding Pride Rock as it rises over the stage. As the essential jaw-dropping opener, Disney had set their own stakes and standards at and impossibly high level for this remake. Sandra Reid has publications in The Rowdy Scholar and Spectrum along with articles in The Metropolitan. “Song review: ‘Circle of Life’” By Hunter Goddard It is all too easy for the unimaginative filmmaker to consign the music in their film to forgettable background noise, but sometimes, a song can elevate the motion picture accompanying it into something immortal: an experience; a memory; a dream. Roger Allers and Rob Minkoff’s animated musical, The Lion King (1994), is bookended with the choral leitmotifs of its signature track, “Circle of Life.” This circular structure sings with the lyricism of Walt Disney’s Renaissance, and echoes with the poeticism of the film’s Shakespearean themes. Composed by Elton John, written by Tim Rice, and performed by Carmen Twillie (who sings the English verses) and Lebo M. (who sings the Zulu), the record was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Song. It is the sunrise and sunset of the movie, the birth and death, the love and agony. Its notes soar to vertiginous heights while its vocals reach lows beneath our very skin, crawling along the goosebumps it raises on our flesh and the chills it strikes down our spines. Such tonal polarization surrounds us with the picture’s epic theses of our history shaping our destiny, and the passionately drawn vistas of Simba’s birth at the beginning, then his own cub’s at the end, harmonize with each other divinely. Ultimately, “Circle of Life” is a songwriting at its most cinematic, so vital to the imagery onscreen, visual and audio together collaborate into a whole greater than the sum of its parts. Author Hunter GoddardPosted on July 9, 2019 July 9, 2019 Categories Film Criticism and AnalysisTags cinema, circle of life, filmmakers, filmmaking, films, movies, music, musicals, the lion king, walt disney2 Comments on Guest essay: “Circle of Life” The making of Danny Boyle’s “Yesterday” (2019) Danny Boyle’s Beatles jukebox musical, Yesterday (2019), originally began as a screenplay titled Cover Version by Jack Barth and Mackenzie Crook, with Crook slated to direct, according to The New York Times. After approaching executive producer Nick Angel for his connections in the music industry, Angel asked Richard Curtis, writer of Mike Newell’s Four Weddings and a Funeral (1994) and his own Love Actually (2003), to rewrite the script, sharing a story credit with Barth. Curtis’s production deal at Working Title and Universal got Boyle involved, and Apple Corps and Sony/ATV Music Publishing, the copyright holders behind most of the band’s discography, were persuaded the film would be prestigious and lucrative enough to share the rights. Author Hunter GoddardPosted on June 29, 2019 Categories Movie News BlogTags cinema, danny boyle, filmmakers, filmmaking, films, movies, music, musicals, news, the beatles, yesterdayLeave a comment on The making of Danny Boyle’s “Yesterday” (2019) How Tim Burton’s “Batman” (1989) saved Prince’s career With the thirtieth anniversary of the release for Tim Burton’s Batman (1989) coming and going this month, Prince’s Batman LP still shapes creative partnerships between filmmakers and musicians today, according to Variety. After Albert Magnoli’s Purple Rain (1984), Prince overspent on production costs while touring for the soundtrack, until Batman producer Mark Canton reached out to the singer’s management team as part of the film’s saturation marketing strategy. Drawing from a rough cut of the film for inspiration, despite not knowing how to score a cinematic composition to the frame, Prince produced much-needed hits such as “Batdance,” “Partyman,” and “Scandalous.” Author Hunter GoddardPosted on June 25, 2019 Categories Movie News BlogTags batman, cinema, films, movies, music, prince, purple rain, tim burtonLeave a comment on How Tim Burton’s “Batman” (1989) saved Prince’s career View huntergoddarddotcom’s profile on Facebook View hunterrgoddard’s profile on Twitter View hunter.r.goddard’s profile on Instagram Hunter Goddard Blog at WordPress.com.	cc/2022-05/en_head_0000.json.gz/line535

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