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Sleepless in Ankara: The Post–Erdoğan Government’s Big Challenges
Sinan Ülgen
Summary: Turkey will directly elect a president for the first time in its history. Will the new government be able to pull Turkey out of its slump and mend relations with the West?
Turks are set to head to the polls this August to directly elect a president for the first time in the country’s history. Until now, the president was elected by parliament. The switch to election by popular vote will change the very nature of the president’s role that, despite holding few constitutional powers, was designed to ensure top-level political neutrality and counterbalance the wide scope of the government’s executive authority. The upcoming elections will upend this institutional quasineutrality, impacting both domestic Turkish politics and the country’s regional role.
Recep Tayyip Erdogan, Turkey’s prime minister since 2003, is the presidential candidate for the ruling Justice and Development Party (AKP). He is being challenged by Ekmeleddin Ihsanoglu, the former head of the Organization of the Islamic Conference, who entered the race as the joint candidate of Turkey’s two largest opposition parties, and Selahattin Demirtaş, the pro-Kurdish People’s Democratic Party (HDP) candidate. But many expect Erdogan to win, given his continued popularity.
Ülgen is a visiting scholar at Carnegie Europe in Brussels, where his research focuses on Turkish foreign policy, nuclear policy, cyberpolicy, and transatlantic relations.
@sinanulgen1
An Erdogan victory would be a watershed moment for Turkish politics. His uninterrupted, decade-long rule as the country’s omnipotent top executive will come to an end. The AKP will need to find a new leader and the country will have a new prime minister for the first time in over ten years. Erdogan has made no secret of his plan to introduce a U.S. style executive presidency in Turkey. But after failing to carry out the required constitutional amendments as prime minister, Erdogan, as president, would be forced to establish a modus operandi with the government and its new leadership—at least until he could gain enough support for a constitutional change. The relationship between an Erdogan presidency and the new AKP government is therefore set to be the first critical systemic challenge that Turkey will face after the election.
But Erdogan will leave Turkey’s new government to face a series of more substantive challenges in the areas of domestic governance, economic performance and foreign policy.
Domestic Governance
Since transitioning to multiparty democracy in 1950, Turkey has gradually worked to improve its democratic credentials. The AKP’s most impressive achievement in this respect is its curbing of the military’s political influence and normalizing the civil-military relationship. Equally important, though still a work in progress, will be a lasting settlement of the Kurdish problem. Turkey has also managed to establish a democratic tradition with a range of now mature institutions of representation including robust political parties, a functional executive, a lively parliament and well-performing local administrations.
But a genuinely liberal democracy needs institutions of restraint to keep the power of the executive in check. A free and independent judiciary, a pluralistic and free media and a vibrant and unthreatened civil society are essential features of such a system of governance. Yet the performance of Turkey’s democracy in these three key areas is starting to erode. While in office, Erdogan viewed elections as the sole instrument of democratic legitimacy, and as a result overemphasized the importance of the institutions of representation to the detriment of the institutions of constraint. This fetishism of the “national will” led to majority rule but proved inimical to democratic progress.
A related and equally important challenge is the government’s ability to tolerate dissent. When leaders identify themselves with the national will, almost every form of opposition, whether violent or nonviolent, tends to be viewed as an illegitimate attack on the elected government. The 2013 Gezi protests were a real test of the country’s democratic maturity. Here, the Turkish government failed. Instead of being celebrated as a colorful demonstration of peaceful dissent, the Gezi protests turned into symbols of polarization and witnessed a heavy-handed police crackdown. To overcome these democratic shortcomings, the main task of the post-Erdogan government will be to reestablish a balance between the institutions of representation and the institutions of constraint, while allowing for a more liberal understanding to emerge on the role of dissent.
Economics has played an important role in explaining Erdogan’s popularity. During his tenure, Erdogan oversaw the continued expansion of the national economy, with per capita incomes increasing from $2,500 to $10,000. A less emphasized but equally critical factor linking Turkey’s strong economy with Erdogan’s popularity is his government’s continuous efforts to alleviate poverty, tackle income disparity and heavily invest in social programs. Yet Turkey’s economic success was achieved under an international economic conjuncture that channeled increasing amounts of financial flows to emerging markets. Instead of using this benign environment to implement difficult but necessary reforms to improve economic productivity, Turkish policy makers were lulled into complacency by the abundant flow of money.
These easy times are over. The end of low interest policy in the United States is affecting financial resource allocations globally. As nominal yields start to improve, financial flows are finding their way back to more mature markets. Because of its overreliance on the availability of cheap capital, Turkey’s economic performance is beginning to suffer. The average growth rate between 2002 and 2011 was 5.5 percent. In the last two years, it has dropped to 3 percent, with year-end expectations for 2014 projected to be only marginally better.
To avoid a protracted episode of low growth and escape the looming middle-income trap, Turkey needs to substantially overhaul its economic vision. The post-Erdogan government will need to create a new narrative outlining Turkey’s economic future in tandem with a serious commitment to previously sidelined structural reforms. Reforming the labor market, reducing the size of the informal economy, increasing the ratio of women in the workforce and redesigning the national education system more in tune with the demands of a globalizing economy will be key to the success of this endeavor. To attract much-needed foreign direct investments, Turkish authorities will be forced to develop a more visible agenda for fighting corruption and for strengthening the rule of law.
Turkey’s new government will also inherit a difficult foreign-policy portfolio. Erdogan’s initial vision to normalize the county’s relationships with its Southern neighbors and to position Turkey as a regional power interested in advancing peace and prosperity by emphasizing economic cooperation and mediation allowed Ankara to gain substantial ground. But Turkish policy makers misinterpreted the extent of the country’s growing soft-power influence by becoming overconfident about their ability to shape regional dynamics.
This misstep was highlighted by Ankara’s reaction to the now largely ill-fated Arab Spring. Turkey adopted highly assertive positions toward neighboring governments who failed to embrace the wave of democratization, particularly in Egypt and Syria, believing that Ankara could force the “right” outcome in these countries through a confrontational stance. By avidly supporting the civilian and military wings of the Syrian opposition and the Muslim Brotherhood, Ankara became a party to the conflicts engulfing the Middle East. Although the Turkish leadership defended its position by asserting it was on the “right side of history,” this was a radical departure from the established tenets of Turkish foreign policy, which tended to prioritize caution, nonintervention and alignment with the West. The debate over the normative aspects of foreign policy continues to this day. But the result of this shift in foreign policy has been largely negative—Turkey's relations are nonexistent with the Syrian regime and are frayed not only with Iraq, Israel, Libya and Egypt, but also with Saudi Arabia and the Emirates.
A second trend has been the shift in the institutional balance in foreign policy making between the Turkish foreign ministry and the prime minister’s office. In the last few years, Erdogan became a more visible foreign-policy player, with his office becoming much more involved in foreign-policy decision making and even implementation with its different linked agencies including the overseas aid and religious affairs, but also the intelligence services. During this period, Erdogan increasingly instrumentalized foreign-policy issues to drive his domestic agenda. In many democracies, it is normal to see domestic concerns shaping foreign-policy choices. But in Turkey’s case, this relationship played out in reverse, with foreign-policy developments being used to drive a domestic agenda. For example, Erdogan’s unwavering and unconditional support of the Muslim Brotherhood may have cost Turkey influence in Egypt, but has helped Erdogan to cement constituency back at home.
The new government will, therefore, need to take stock of these trends and seek to recalibrate Turkey’s foreign policy. Already efforts are being made in Ankara to regain the center ground and return to the pre-2011 period, when Turkey’s international star was rising. At the rhetorical level, criticism of the Syrian regime and of the new Egyptian leadership is less frequent. Normalization with Israel was imminent with a diplomatically negotiated draft on the Mavi Marmara compensations awaiting Prime Minister Netanyahu’s approval. The deal is now under jeopardy following Israel’s latest attack against Gaza. To illustrate its intent to play a more constructive regional role, the Erdogan government took a historic step in April of this year by unambiguously recognizing the tragedy that befell the Ottoman Armenians in 1915. More importantly, the worsening regional security situation highlighted by the recent territorial gains of ISIS is prompting Ankara to act more in concert with its established partners in the West—particularly the United States.
How the West Will React
With the onset of a non-Erdogan-led Turkish government, Turkey’s Western partners are likely reassessing their relations with Ankara. In the last few years, Turkey has faced difficulties in its relationships with its transatlantic partners. Accession negotiations with the EU have stalled. In the past four years, only one negotiating chapter was opened. A further thirteen remain blocked due to political difficulties over the Cyprus conflict and the legacy of the Sarkozy government in France, which fiercely opposed Turkey’s EU membership. Moreover, Euroskeptic parties have gained ground in Europe, winning a record number of seats in the May elections of the European Parliament and are likely to vocally oppose closer ties with Turkey over the next five years.
It is, therefore, difficult to be optimistic about the short-term prospects for Turkish-EU relations. Given the positive role that the EU dynamic has formerly played, it is unfortunate that the EU’s transformational impact on Turkey is waning. The challenge will be to prevent a total loss of the accession momentum. One particularly useful policy initiative would be to deepen Turkish-EU economic integration. Upgrading the Turkey-EU Customs Union agreement, which had entered into force in 1995, could achieve this aim. A new round of negotiations aimed at enlarging the scope of agreement by including new sectors, such as services and agriculture, or new policy areas, such as public procurement and dispute settlement, could kick-start the much-needed dialogue and rekindle the interest of Turkey’s large and influential business community toward the goal of EU membership.
This objective is in line with Turkey’s desire to become part of the enlarged transatlantic market to be set afoot by the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP). Turkey views TTIP as the economic pillar of the transatlantic community. For Turkish policy makers, TTIP should not be concluded as a purely bilateral arrangement between Brussels and Washington. This would be tantamount to introducing new divisions within the Transatlantic Alliance. Under such a scenario, non-EU NATO members would be marginalized from market access and benefits at a time when the entire Alliance is in desperate political need of strengthening the transatlantic bond. Rather, TTIP should be designed in such a way that, once concluded between the EU and the United States, it would remain open to the accession of like-minded countries. Knowing this, Brussels and Washington should find the right institutional formula to ensure this open-door policy for TTIP. One solution would be to incorporate a suitably designed accession clause within the original agreement. Alternatively, the conclusion of a Turkey-U.S. Free Trade Agreement would erode Ankara’s fears of being excluded from this ambitious economic project.
Going forward, for the new government faced with intractable difficulties over its relations with the EU and having to operate in an increasingly hostile regional-security environment, a sound and frictionless relationship with Washington will be indispensable. For Washington as well, a Turkish government that is more cooperative and eager to engage will be an unrivaled advantage as regional-security concerns increase, particularly if an international intervention is needed to prevent ever-larger bits of territory falling into disorder and lawlessness in Turkey’s southern neighborhood.
With Erdogan set to relinquish his position as prime minister, a realignment of the power constellation in Turkey is inevitable. A new political leadership will emerge from within the ranks of the ruling AKP. This can be the moment for Turkey to reposition itself as a valued member of the Western community of nations, albeit with a proactive Middle East policy, rather than to pursue its more recent aspirations of becoming a more independentist regional power with a conflictual agenda. Power in the new world order is the power to establish effective partnerships and alliances. It is time for Turkey’s leadership to rediscover this truth.
This article was originally published in the National Interest.
Inside Turkey’s Elections
Understanding Turkey’s Direction: Three Scenarios
Marc Pierini
Francesco Siccardi
In Europe, the Rule of Law Matters
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What Ukraine’s Crisis Means for the EU
In the struggle between the EU and Russia over Eastern Europe, Brussels needs to clarify its long-term objectives. Is EU membership an option for its Eastern neighbors or not?
The continuing crisis in Ukraine means that the EU can no longer continue doing business as usual. The U.S. administration has criticized the EU for not giving more support to Ukraine’s antigovernment protests and for not retaliating against Russia’s bullying tactics in former Soviet countries.
Yet the tug-of-war between Ukrainian President Viktor Yanukovych and pro-Western demonstrators presents a great opportunity for the EU. Now is the time for the EU to start selling itself, not just in Ukraine but also in Georgia and Moldova, two other countries of the EU’s Eastern Partnership initiative. And the EU can no longer avoid the issue of Eastern enlargement.
At a summit last November in Vilnius, Georgia and Moldova initialed trade and association agreements with the EU, while other Eastern Partnership countries—Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Ukraine—rejected the offers. Georgia and Moldova are scheduled to sign the accords later this year.
But there is great concern that Russia may try to use this interim period to thwart the signing of the agreements. The EU could easily be caught napping, as it was during the run-up to the Vilnius summit. On that occasion, EU officials said they had no idea how damaging Moscow’s embargo on certain Ukrainian exports to Russia was for Ukraine’s economy. What on earth were EU diplomats doing in Kiev—or, indeed, in Brussels?
Now, Poland and Sweden, the two EU member states that spearheaded the Eastern Partnership, are attempting to force the EU’s hand over Georgia and Moldova. Swedish Foreign Minister Carl Bildt and his Polish counterpart, Radek Sikorski, have concluded that the EU’s policy toward the region needs a radical overhaul if the bloc wants to avoid the mistakes it made in Ukraine.
In early February, the two ministers presented papers on the Eastern neighborhood to their EU counterparts. Their message was clear: the EU must go on the offensive in Georgia and Moldova if it wants both countries to go through with signing the association agreements.
The Swedish document, entitled “20 Points on the Eastern Partnership Post-Vilnius,” proposes that the EU should embark on an intense public diplomacy campaign in Georgia, Moldova, and the other Eastern Partnership countries. The paper, already approved by a dozen other EU countries, pushes for a more open Europe that would allow student exchanges and greater opportunities for travel within the EU.
The text also explains how and why Brussels should “calibrate” its policies toward individual governments instead of pursuing a monolithic approach. The more each country reforms, the more access they would gain to EU programs and financial assistance.
The Polish paper looks at how EU funding should be increased and disbursed more quickly. It also argues that in the more repressive regimes, the EU should focus more on civil society. That is one of Poland’s main interests.
The two papers are important because they convey a sense of urgency. They call for the EU to act now, instead of spending months issuing tenders for communications experts to carry out public diplomacy, or shifting around funding for the EU’s Eastern neighbors.
On closer reading, the papers are also about countering possible Russian mischief. The two foreign ministers’ proposals—a combination of public diplomacy, more funds, a focus on concrete EU projects with a particular emphasis on civil society—are instruments aimed at opposing Moscow’s influence.
The Swedish document in particular suggests that the EU should not be afraid of comparing its own value-bound community with Russia’s customs union, which also includes Belarus and Kazakhstan.
As if to highlight the opportunities of such an approach, Kazakhstan’s president, Nursultan Nazarbayev (who by no stretch of the imagination can be considered a democrat), recently went on a big campaign in Europe. During talks with EU and World Trade Organization officials, Nazarbayev made it clear that he wanted his country to become more independent from Russia. He even complained about restrictions that Moscow has imposed on Kazakhstan’s export policy as a result of the Russian-dominated customs union.
Yet for all the talk of a big offensive in Eastern Europe, the EU still ducks the hard questions: What is the EU’s goal in its Eastern neighborhood? Is EU membership a realistic prospect for the countries in the East? Or is the EU offering a special partnership that confers extensive trade and other rights but falls short of membership?
Sooner rather than later, EU governments will have to decide on their long-term relationship with Eastern Europe. It is clear that the Eastern Partnership countries will not embrace big reforms unless they have the perspective of membership. That, unfortunately, is the reality.
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Why It is Time to Disband the General Synod Council
Posted on February 11, 2019 February 11, 2019 by Matthew van Maastricht
In the previous post, I discussed the General Synod Council (GSC) and its function in the life of the Reformed Church, including what it is and what it is not, what it does and what it does not do.
In this post, I am going to look at some of the troubling aspects of the General Synod Council, and argue why this council ought to be disbanded. While the GSC seeking to accumulate more power for itself is nothing new, there are two issues right now, which show that the GSC is unable or unwilling to operate within the constitution of the church.
Coordinator of Interreligious Relations
The 2018 General Synod adopted the following
To direct the general secretary to authorize and fund a halftime position, designated as the coordinator for interreligious
relations, to facilitate the RCA’s interreligious relations
work, including equipping congregations, leaders, and
students for missional interreligious engagement; and further,
To conduct the RCA’s interreligious work through a joint committee
with the CRCNA, consistent with the Reformed Collaborative.
The committee will be comprised of the RCA coordinator for
interreligious relations, the RCA ecumenical associate, CRCNA
staff, and practitioners and experts in interreligious relations
from both the RCA and CRCNA. The joint committee will report
its work to the General Synod each year through the Commission
on Christian Unity.
Both the position of coordinator for interreligious relations
and the joint committee shall be funded for a period of five
years, at which time the effectiveness of structuring the RCA’s
interreligious work in this manner will be evaluated and the
Commission on Christian Unity will bring recommendations to
the General Synod regarding whether to continue this structure
for interreligious work.
MGS 2018, p. 97.
As typically happens, the Synod makes decisions and then addresses the financial ramifications at the end of the meeting. When this was discussed, for some reason which neither I nor anyone else that I spoke to seems to understand, the GSC decided to insist that the General Synod front-load the funding for the position, so that the entire five years would have to be paid the first year. While some have argued that this is because one General Synod cannot bind a subsequent General Synod, this is not how we deal with staff. If this was the case, then every staff position that fits within the strategic goal must be funded for the entire fifteen years in the first year, and operational staff people must be funded for an entire lifetime in a single year.
Regardless, the unexplained insistence on funding the entire five years in a single year resulted in a significant increase in per-member assessments. What followed was a rather contentious discussion where ministers and elders, knowing how their church budgets work, were trying to get a handle on the denominational budget. But because the GSC never presents a denominational budget to the assembly that oversees it, the lack of transparency means that the church is never able to get a hold on the budget.
This dynamic created an “us” and “them” mentality. “Us” being the church and “them” or “you” being the denomination–something that tends to happen when there is a lack of transparency. There was tension on the floor because assessments are an increasing burden on local churches and classes (and at some point the Reformed Church will have to deal with this, but this was apparently not that point). In response, the General Synod voted,
To approve from the unspent reserves from the year 2017 to fund a half-time position, designated as the coordinator for interreligious relations, and a joint interreligious committee with the CRCNA.
To be clear, my personal opinion is that this was a poor and misguided decision. It is true that the General Synod didn’t have good information about the reserves, restricted and unrestricted funds, the amount of funds needed on hand, and the intricacies of the finances of a major corporation, and the rest. However, the reason that the General Synod didn’t have good information was because the GSC does not provide that information. Regardless, what the General Synod decided was possible, that is not disputed, and while it may have not been a prudent decision, it was the General Synod’s decision, and it is the General Synod’s decision to make.
Subsequently, however, the GSC directed the General Secretary to not hire that position, but to delay it until they could bring this decision back to the following General Synod for reconsideration. There were three reasons given for this, although only one stands: some delegates expressed unease about that decision on their post-synod survey. And it was based on this that the GSC invented the ability to decide that the General Synod made a poor decision and stopped it.
This is unlawful.
As we clearly saw in the previous post, the GSC “shall implement the decisions…of the General Synod…” (1.IV.7.1). In no way is the GSC able to not implement a decision simply because they disagree with it or think it unwise. The General Synod has made unwise decisions innumerable times before; however, the responsibility of the GSC is to implement those decisions, not to act as a check or balance on those.
Some may argue that the GSC is not not-implementing that decision, it is simply postponing it. However, the fact remains, nothing allows the GSC to vote to postpone a directive of the General Synod (and at some point, postponing is nullifying). This was not an unfunded mandate–there was instruction given regarding the funding, and even if ill-advised, and it is possible to fund that position in that manner.
The other related concern is practical precedent that may be derived from this. While I continue to argue that precedent is not a thing in the church (this is true), it is worth acknowledging, at least, that people believe that it is, and this belief colors the way that we function and operate. Will this allow for the GSC to determine which decisions it approves of and which it doesn’t? Will it allow the GSC to simply postpone (indefinitely?) carrying out the directives of the General Synod? Again, I did not think it a wise action of the General Synod but it is not permitted for the GSC to review the decisions of the General Synod, it is there job to implement them. Shall means shall.
Asking the Commission on Church Order to Reconsider
Another troubling action that the GSC has taken as of late is formally asking the Commission on Church Order to revisit something in its report.
In 2017, as a result from an overture, the Synod voted to
To instruct the Commission on Church Order to propose constitutionally
appropriate amendments to the Book of Church Order to accomplish the intent of Overtures 16 and 17 for report to the 2018 General Synod
MGS 2017, p. 139.
The intent of the overtures was to make classical secession easier by instructing that the classis relinquish its constitutional obligation of oversight over any permanent disposition of a church’s property. (The matter of classical oversight of church property will be the topic of a subsequent post.)
The instructions are important here, “propose constitutionally appropriate amendments.” The Commission on Church Order presented a substantive report of the matter and concluded that there were no constitutionally appropriate amendments (MGS 2018, pp. 264-266). This, of course, is certainly within their right to do. Commissions are required to receive work from the General Synod, but commissions are not simply the scribes of the General Synod.
The troubling matter is that the GSC approached the Commission on Church Order to “revisit” their conclusions. How does something like this even come before the GSC? This is a mystery that is yet to be addressed. However, it is troubling that the GSC would encourage or suggest that a commission change the conclusions after it has already reported to the General Synod and the General Synod as adjourned.
Just as the GSC is not a check and balance on the General Synod, it is not a check and balance on the Commissions. The GSC does not oversee or supervise the commissions, the GSC is “to support, strengthen, and coordinate the work of the commissions” (BCO, 3.I.3.6f). Approaching a commission to change their mind is a significant overreach of constitutional authority.T
The Root of the Problem
In one session, the GSC made two significant violations, not only of the Constitution but also of the Bylaws of the General Synod. And it seems that the GSC is unable to maintain its constitutional obligations.
While one possibility would be to vacate the council. However, the true problems with the GSC is not because of its current composition, it is a systemic problem with the council itself.
The GSC was formed from two different bodies that did two different things. The GSEC and GPC had different foci and different goals. One was an agent of the General Synod, the other was the executive committee of an assembly. The program of the denomination is not the church, and the church is not necessarily the denominational program. The General Synod is far more than simply a program body. The GSEC and GPC were, in part, set up to counterbalance one another, because of the differences in foci and differences in essence. With the creation of the GSC one combined an agent of the General Synod and the executive committee of an assembly. One took an apple and combined it with a potato.
This also had the effect of distributing power. With the consolidation into a single council, however, this also consolidated power–something that the Reformed have historically been rightly apprehensive to do. The only way that the GSC can be checked is for the General Synod to do so, and the General Synod does not seem to be aware of this, that the GSC is simply the workhorse of the General Synod, that the General Synod has the ultimate say over the GSC.
When we consider both the combining of two things that are fundamentally different, and the fact that the consolidation of power ought to disturb all of us to our core, it becomes apparent that the problem is not with the people that are on the GSC, but the GSC itself. The GSC has largely become an unaccountable body which has accumulated an inordinate amount of power.
The best solution would be to disband the GSC and reconstitute GSEC, or something like it, and GPC, or something like it and return the proper responsibilities to the proper group.
NOTE: I do think it is worth pointing out that I do not see some kind of nefarious plot here. Nor do I assume bad intentions on the part of the members of the GSC. I have tried to be clear above that the problem is not with the people but with the structure. These are simply natural lines to which such a structure brings us. We have bumbled into this situation together, and we can get out together.
Posted in Denomination, General SynodTagged General Synod Council
What is the General Synod Council
The Church and the Minority
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Home » Spot Check
by Monica Kendrick April 19, 2001 August 19, 2021
JOHN CALE 4/20, NEVIN’S LIVE Until recently John Cale–no doubt the most interesting living alumnus of the Velvet Underground–was never one to live in the past, but personal history has proven fertile ground for him in the last few years. He’s written music for a ballet based on the life of his late collaborator Nico. He’s coauthored a funny and movingly self-lacerating autobiography, What’s Welsh for Zen?, in which we learn, among other things, that Aaron Copland put the moves on Cale when he was a student fresh off the boat and that both Cale and Tony Conrad were employees of La Monte Young’s bustling dope business. And in the near future, Table of the Elements will release three CDs of his ravishingly experimental 60s work, both solo and with Conrad, Terry Jennings, Sterling Morrison, and Angus MacLise–material that not even the most hard-core of Velvets chroniclers were sure existed. He reportedly intends this show as a quiet opportunity to try out new material from a record in progress, which seems a bit at odds with the show’s other role, as the first big-name gig at Evanston’s first rock club–but then his agent says this forthcoming record is a bit of a “return to his roots,” so who knows. OVER THE RHINE 4/20, PARK WEST The brooding, almost disreputably lovely art-folk of this Cincinnati duo is a guilty pleasure–I’ve sometimes wondered whether they shouldn’t leave in some flaws on purpose, like in Muslim prayer rugs, so as not to offend the divine. Their eighth album, Films for Radio (Back Porch/Virgin), raises these reservations faster than previous recordings: though Karin Bergquist’s voice is as plangent as ever, the, um, ambitious production at times made me think I was listening to Dead Can Dance’s lost Americana album. SLIM CESSNA’S AUTO CLUB 4/20, HIDEOUT Even Jello Biafra’s label has room for Jesus these days–though I have my doubts about the firmness of the Auto Club’s collective faith. Front man Slim Cessna is the son of a Baptist preacher (everybody knows preachers’ kids are the wildest of all), a guy named Dwight Pentacost plays bass, banjo, and “Jesus & Mary doubleneck guitar,” and when you think twice about lyrics like “He’s the man behind my sins / I seem to fall because of him / Goddamn I hate him,” from “Last Song About Satan,” they start to seem rather wicked. The band is based in Denver, although Cessna now lives in Rhode Island and Pentacost calls Chicago home. This show is in support of their latest release, Always Say Please and Thank You (Alternative Tentacles), an irresistible collection of fractured black-suit-and-string-tie gospel accented at times by Quintron-esque organ. MEKONS 4/21, DOUBLE DOOR When I decided not to play the list-making game with the other critics in last year’s Village Voice Pazz & Jop poll, the only reason I felt the least bit remorseful was that it would mean one less vote for the Mekons’ Journey to the End of the Night (Quarterstick). One of the many irksome qualities of such lists is the artificial limits they place on the shelf life of a record, especially a subtle, literary sleeper like that one (though certain bits of it, like the overlapping vocals of “Cast No Shadows,” hit me like the proverbial ton of bricks right off). The recent Collectors’ Choice reissues of The Curse of the Mekons and The Mekons Rock n’ Roll, out too late to boost the vote count, nonetheless beautifully illustrate both what a return to form Journey really is and how much of an international treasure these guys really are. ROCKET FROM THE CRYPT 4/21, METRO There’s something about Rocket From the Crypt these days that makes me think of a family of possums that used to live under the porch of a friend’s Lakeview coach house. He swears that as they got used to him and he got used to them, the mama possum would greet him every night like an insolent house cat. On Group Sounds (Vagrant), Rocket’s first proper studio album since getting out of bed with Interscope, the long-running San Diego sextet sounds likewise aggressively contented, regaining the old energy but retaining a tightness and sophistication developed with age and experience. Rocket’s curse and blessing is their deceptively simple but definitely distinctive sound, which seamlessly incorporates horny mariachi riffs, exuberant hand percussion, and inspired weirdness (like the piano, timpani, and Shadow Morton-style voice-over on the dramatic “Ghost Shark”) into front man John Reis’s unabashedly catchy melodies. And live they’re one of the only garage bands around that can still do justice to matching outfits. The (International) Noise Conspiracy (see Critic’s Choice) opens. SILOS 4/21, SCHUBAS For a band that’s been around for 16 years, the Silos’ discography is on the small side, but their work is sharply honed when it does get out. The band–currently mastermind Walter Salas-Humara, drummer Konrad Meissner, and bassist Marc Benning–has just released its eighth album, which is also its second for Chicago’s Checkered Past. Laser Beam Next Door is a collection of songs that the trio refined on the road, and they’re tight enough to bounce a quarter off. They may live in New York, but the Silos’ worldview is nothing like that old New Yorker map–with their rootsy heartland flourishes and Salas-Humara’s sunny swerves into Spanish, they’re out to see as much of America as they can. FRANK BLACK & THE CATHOLICS 4/24, METRO I was never a convert to the Pixies cult, so I don’t have a huge sagging load of expectations to bring to any Frank Black album. A couple of his sidemen–Eric Drew Feldman and Moris Tepper, latter-day Beefheart sidemen who’ve also played with Pere Ubu and Tom Waits respectively–are bigger stars in my universe. But Black’s latest, Dog in the Sand (What Are Records?), shows once again that he’s a smart and versatile songwriter, singing his mysterious lyrics in voices that’ll persuade you he’s laying bare his innermost feelings. Judging by “I’ve Seen Your Picture,” he’s been listening to the Stones and Alice Cooper in his time off, and on “St. Francis Dam Disaster,” an abstract epic featuring Tepper on banjo, he sounds like spiritual kin to Giant Sand’s Howe Gelb. ALEJANDRO ESCOVEDO 4/25, HIDEOUT; 4/26, SCHUBAS; 4/27, EMPTY BOTTLE; 4/28, FITZGERALD’S Four gigs in a row seems a little excessive, but my hunch is you’ll see at least a few of the same faces at all of them: that’s the kind of devotion inspired by Alejandro Escovedo, who was merging country soul with rock ‘n’ roll heart back when such efforts were still called “cowpunk.” This Chicago residency is part of the Austinite’s tour celebrating the April 24 release of A Man Under the Influence (Bloodshot), his first new studio album in four years. Recorded in North Carolina with Chris Stamey and Mitch Easter, it features guest appearances from both those guys, as well as Superchunk’s Mac MacCaughan and Whiskeytown’s Ryan Adams. It’s a gorgeous thing–an alternately brittle and barn-burning meditation on love, death, and graceful ways to dance away from intimacy. The shows are all intended to frame his 18-year oeuvre differently: at the Hideout he’ll play acoustic; at Schubas he’ll introduce his current working band, with pedal steel player Eric Heywood, drummer Hector Munoz, cellist Brian Standefer, and a bassist known as Cornbread; at the Empty Bottle he’ll play a rock set (he’s been known to cover the Stooges, the Gun Club, and Ian Hunter); and at FitzGerald’s the band’s being billed as “Alejandro Escovedo & Friends,” which in this town hints at all sorts of raucous possibilities. Passes that ensure admission to all four gigs are available at Laurie’s Planet of Sound, the Wicker Park Reckless Records, and Val’s Halla in Oak Park for $40. On the afternoon of the FitzGerald’s show, Escovedo will also perform at a reading by novelist Larry Brown at Barbara’s Bookstore in Old Town. And on May 18 and 19 Escovedo will return to Chicago to perform at the Mexican Fine Arts Center Museum as part of By the Hand of the Father, a theatrical multimedia work about the generation of Mexican-American men who grew up in the early 1900s.
–Monica Kendrick
Art accompanying story in printed newspaper (not available in this archive): photo/Jim Newberry.
For Those Afraid To Rock
John Cale
John Cale With Chris Spedding
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Sprinting to the Future: Torres Talks Sci-Fi and Escapism
The singer-songwriter spoke with us prior to tonight's space odyssey at Chicago's Lincoln Hall
Lior Phillips
April 21, 2016 | 1:00pm ET
Photography by Karen Gwee
Go on a space odyssey with Torres, Boom Forest, and Sioux Falls tonight (April 21st) at Chicago’s Lincoln Hall. RSVP here.
Science fiction spends a lot of time envisioning what the future might hold. Remember the briefcase used in Stanley Kubrick’s 2001: A Space Odyssey? Its phone handset and dial had all the components of a smartphone or laptop. The terrifying AI, HAL 9000, seems like a proto-Siri.
“Dave, my mind is going. I can feel it.”
“Call Mom Home, Siri.”
To some, science fiction’s predictive nature is a thrilling prospect — but not for Torres’ Mackenzie Scott. “I don’t want to know what my future will look like, because that scares me,” Scott explains. “I’m constantly in the past or in the future in my head anyway, but I always dream of a future where the most ideal situation happens. I try not to think about the world turning into what people think it’s going to turn into, like Manhattan being underwater, or essentially the Escape from LA movies. I try to think of a future that looks a lot better than it’s supposedly made out to be.”
The genre of science fiction is an acquired taste, and it often gets branded as “escapist,” a meritless smear against a diverse, hardworking genre. It’s always framed in competition with “realism,” the art in which a more “critical” reader can drink in the harsh accuracy of war, death, and disease. To read about other worlds or alternate timelines can seem like you’re not caring for this world or this time — like reality cold feet.
But any art is a form of escapism, at best still an idealized form of reality set in stone by an artist. And for Scott, her songs aren’t solely focusing on one character tempered inside technically sharp chord progressions and grunge undertones, but on the journey and shift that character goes on — the other worlds they might experience. There was a time when songwriting served a different purpose for her. “When I first started writing, I really wanted it to be grounded in reality,” Scott laughs. “I always used it as a tool to bring me back down to earth. I think that was because I used to enjoy being sad.”
Now more than ever, she finds comfort in transporting her mind, her ego, and her fears into an imagined world. “And that doesn’t mean that my music is grounded in reality — some part of it isn’t. I just want to escape all the time now. So anything I do, whether it’s writing or seeing films, I’m looking to have it take me away.”
Finding her a year after the remarkable Sprinter was released, it’s as if she’s shed that “New Skin” she boldly described, mirrored in her music’s subtle, fierce melodic duality. “If you never know the darkness, then you’re the one who fears the most,” Scott sings, leaping off of isolation. She sings like an outsider no matter where she is in life. “I’ve always felt a bit isolated, but I’ve never felt that’s necessarily a bad thing,” she says. As sci-fi is largely based around the idea of aliens, a classic metaphor for feeling other, Scott’s music carries a sense of otherness, but sees profound empowerment in that sense, and uses it as a key to cultural capital. “I’ve always preferred to stick to myself, submerge myself in books, create my own world and live in my head.”
A good piece of art, from whatever genre box cultural critics have put it in, expands the mind. You’re suddenly transported to an imaginary world whether that world is set in Narnia or North Carolina. Even horrifying stories on the news can be escapist in a schadenfreude way, and Scott uses her music to escape from that darkness. “I have thought about living in a sci-fi world,” she says. “It’s just that most of those worlds contain some huge threat. Those threats don’t exist in those forms here; they exist in probably more insidious forms, less noticeable.”
But do people still use art in that way, as a revelatory eye-opener? Considering the ubiquity of binge-watching and mindless reality TV, it might not seem that way. Arthur C. Clarke, author of 2001, said that fiction “can stretch people’s minds, altering them to the possibilities of the future, which is very important in an age where things are changing rapidly.”
“I sincerely hope so!” Scott chimes in. “Ray Bradbury’s novels predicted significant forms of technology that actually came to be, and it’s terrifying. I would hope that people [consume art as revelatory], but what I’ve observed more than anything is how dismissive people are … There are novels that predicted privacy being non-existent in the future, and people being trapped and not able to go off the grid. That’s 100 percent true now. It’s impossible to go off the radar, so it is horrifying, but the only thing I want to be is optimistic about it. I think that I’m going to ruin my joy and the joy of others around me if I can’t choose to be joyful in the moment.”
That joy may be easily conveyed in a film script or in the dialogue of a short story, but it seems to have a cosmic ease in music, conveyed often without any language. “I remember watching 2001 and having the soundtrack being the one thing that stood out for me,” Scott reveals. 2001 features largely classical music, written generations before the film, and yet somehow it feels futuristic — eerily futuristic. So what is it about music that makes that sort of emotional time travel even possible? “Music is one of those things that will always transport you, no matter what it is. It’s a transcendent form. That’s the whole point of music, the whole beauty of it is that it always transcends time and place.”
Though not necessarily a sci-fi obsessive, Scott feels the genre’s pull, even when composing her own music. “It’s funny that we’re talking about this, because all the sounds I’ve been after recently have been from me wanting that science-fiction sound. It’s so cinematic, and I enjoy the theatrical element of musical performance.” Scott uses ‘90s alt rock intensity as a complex structure to support a brand-new sound. “I think I’m really just on a constant quest to find the right guitar pedals that are going to create that world. Pedals that create those sounds are my best hope right now.”
The internal tug-of-war between her grounded and visionary sides manages to evoke a heady-yet-mindful new chapter for Scott and the listener. After touring extensively all over the world, she hasn’t stopped questioning her introspective analysis. “I am writing, but to be honest, I have a hard time switching between the writing and the touring,” Scott says. “They are two totally different roads. The writing is quite introverted and the shows are quite extroverted, so I get a bit of whiplash doing that, but I enjoy it so much.”
Touring non-stop has changed the narrative of each song each time they’re sung, but that’s an appeal for Scott. “That’s why I think I’ve been able to enjoy touring on this record for as long as I have,” she says. “It’s pretty wild; the songs just feel different.” Even from the last time she was in Chicago at Lincoln Hall earlier this year, compared to a few months before when she played at Empty Bottle, the songs had evolved so much that it felt like they were playing a brand-new show.
Sprinter dives deep into faith and Scott’s understanding of it, which might seem contradictory to the scientific bent of 2001 and its kind. But while Scott was raised Baptist, her love for escapism and fantasy continues to evolve. One might expect that the potential knowledge of extraterrestrial life could change the religious worldview that she was brought up with, the one that fueled much of her storytelling — but Scott doesn’t see things in that binary. “I’m a firm believer that those two worlds are actually complementary to one another rather than contradictory,” she explains. “But most people don’t see it that way. I think it’s beyond arrogant to believe that we are the only intelligent life in the universe. We don’t even know how big the universe is. We have no idea … we could exist on the inside of a marble.”
For Scott, that theory isn’t as bleak as it seems either. “We just have to keep distracting ourselves from death,” she laughs. “That’s all we have to do. That’s the only reason I create — so that I can keep feeling alive!”
Bridget Everett and Jeff Hiller on Their Infinitely Relatable New HBO Comedy Somebody Somewhere
Peacemaker's Steve Agee on Dancing For James Gunn and Hating His Beard
Iron Maiden Singer Bruce Dickinson Talks 2022 Spoken Word Tour
Steve Agee Takes Us Behind That Elaborate Peacemaker Opening Credits Sequence: "It Was Strenuous, I Won't Lie"
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Health Highlights: April 3, 2003
Global Illness Tolls Jump; Warnings Increase Traffic Noise Boosts Blood Pressure Smoked Salmon and Trout Recalled Student's Research Sheds Light on Brain Injury
Here are some of the latest health and medical news developments, compiled by editors of The HealthDay Service:
Global Illness Tolls Jump; Warnings Increase
Health officials and governments across the globe moved into heightened alert mode Thursday as the toll from the deadly respiratory illness known as SARS continued its dramatic rise.
With at least 80 people dead and almost 2,300 people in 18 countries now infected by the severe acute respiratory syndrome, there were these new developments, according to various newspaper and wire reports:
Overnight, the U.S. toll of suspected cases rose to 100 in 28 states. In a new profile of victims, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention says most are adults, most are white or Asian, most traveled to Asia 10 days before symptoms showed, and the cases are split almost equally by gender.
There was another fatality reported in Canada, the third worst-affected country, which now has 160 suspect cases and seven deaths. More than 200 hospitals in the province of Ontario, which has the bulk of the cases, are now limiting patients as well as visitors.
Hong Kong, which appears to be the Asian epicenter, also had one new fatality and an additional 26 cases overnight, bringing its total to 734, with 17 deaths. The number of SARS patients in intensive care rose to 84. Officials said that more children and school staff had been diagnosed with the illness and that schools would remain shut.
The surge of more than 240 cases in a single Hong Kong apartment complex, whose residents have been taken to a rural quarantine camp, has raised the spectre that the illness may be transmitted through water or sewage, not just by people sneezing or coughing.
Mainland China revised its victim count as World Health Organization officials on Thursday finally entered Guangdong province, the site of the earliest outbreaks. China says it now has 1,190 suspect cases and 46 deaths.
However, China's minister of health on Thursday rejected a World Health Organization travel warning that people not visit Guangdong province or Hong Kong and said the outbreak was under control. But Canada, Australia, Ireland, France, Britain and Germany posted similar travel warnings on their government Web sites or urged their citizens to avoid the two places.
In news from other countries:
Singapore, with 98 cases, recorded its fifth fatality.
Vietnam, which had contained its own outbreak, reported one new case, a man who caught the infection in hospital. France also added a new case.
Japan reported its first cases: 14 people may now be infected. Brazil also reported its first suspected case.
Indonesia declared SARS an infectious disease on Thursday to allow toughened regulations.
Thailand warned visitors flying in from high-risk countries that they face a 14-day quarantine if anyone on the plane has SARS symptoms.
In addition, a cancer research conference expected to draw 15,000 to Toronto this weekend was canceled. Intel has canceled two major conferences in Tapei and Beijing. International banks and other businesses are curtailing employees' travel to southeast Asia. And KLM Royal Dutch Airlines has warned that SARS is now hurting international air travel more than the war in Iraq.
Traffic Noise Boosts Blood Pressure
We all know that driving in heavy traffic can increase our stress levels. Now, a German study says loud traffic noise alone can raise our blood pressure to unhealthy levels.
Researchers at the Robert Koch Institute found that people who live in areas where there is heavy traffic noise receive more medical treatment for high blood pressure than people who live on quieter streets.
The study of 1,700 people in Berlin found that the risk for high blood pressure problems was greatest for people who slept with their windows open and lived in areas with heavy traffic noise, says a news release from the German Federal Environmental Agency.
People who experienced average nighttime sound levels of 55 decibels or more by their bedroom windows were nearly twice as likely to be treated for high blood pressure, compared to people exposed to sound levels less than 50 decibels.
Previous German research found that people exposed to high levels of noise had a greater risk of cardiovascular disease.
Smoked Salmon and Trout Recalled
MacKnight Smoked Foods is recalling 854 pounds of Long Slice Smoked Salmon and 144 pounds of Long Sliced Smoked Trout that may be contaminated with Listeria monocytogenes.
Listeria can cause serious and potentially deadly infections in young children, elderly or frail people, and others with weakened immune systems. It can also cause miscarriages and stillbirths among pregnant women, says a U.S. Food and Drug Administration news release.
In healthy people, listeria can cause short-term symptoms such as high fever, headache, stiffness, nausea, abdominal pain and diarrhea.
The trout was distributed to stores in New Jersey, while the salmon was distributed in New Jersey, Colorado, Georgia, Kansas, Louisiana, Missouri, New Mexico, and Texas.
The salmon is contained in 4, 8, and 16 oz. vacuum packages under the brand names "MacKight Traditional, Rice Epicurean, and Cromarty's." The batch codes, located just above the UPC symbol, are: 1248, 1249, 1258, 1259, 1266, 1269, 1270, and 1271.
The trout is in 4 oz. vacuum packages under the brand name "Cromarty's." The batch codes for the trout are 1263 and 1265.
Consumers should return the product to the place of purchase for a full refund. For more information, contact the company at 215-230-8650.
Student's Research Sheds Light on Brain Injury
A model built by a Dayton, Ohio, high school student has apparently provided important answers about how the brain is damaged when a person suffers a head injury.
Laura Drew's skull/brain model shows how the brain is injured on the opposite side of the head to where the impact takes place, as well as at the site of the actual impact, BBC News Online reports.
She made a skull with a tough transparent container. She filled this with liquid that has the same density as the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) inside the skull that helps cushion the brain.
A balloon filled with a saline solution slightly less dense than the other fluid was her model's brain. A hook was used to attach the mock brain to the base of the model skull.
The model was banged forehead first into a wall. Videotape showed that the impact caused the denser CSF fluid to move forward, while the brain was forced backward, hitting the back of the skull.
The brain then rebounded and struck the skull in the area of the actual impact with the wall, BBC News Online reports.
It was previously believed that the brain first hits the skull in the area of impact and then rebounds to the opposite side of the skull. But that theory never explained why the second injury is often more severe.
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Long-Term Use of Antibiotic May Help Those With COPD
Taking azithromycin for a year cut down on re-hospitalizations for disease flare-ups, study found
TUESDAY, May 21, 2013 (HealthDay News) -- Thousands of Americans, many of them smokers or ex-smokers, suffer from the lung condition known as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Now a new study finds that patients placed on the common antibiotic azithromycin may be able to cut down on hospitalizations due to flare-ups of the disease.
"Given that exacerbations of COPD can be life-threatening, prevention of such events is critical," said Victoria Richards, assistant professor of medical science at Quinnipiac University in Hamden, Conn. Use of the antibiotic might also cut down on the need for doctor's office visits and boost patients' quality of life, said Richards, who was not involved in the study.
The research was presented Tuesday at the annual meeting of the American Thoracic Society in Philadelphia.
COPD is a progressive disease involving bronchitis and emphysema, often tied to smoking, that makes it hard for patients to breathe.
In the new study, researchers compared how patients fared on a 12-month regimen of the drug versus patients who were given a dummy medication.
"COPD patients who have been hospitalized for a respiratory event are at particularly high risk for re-hospitalization," study lead author Dr. Fernando Martinez said in a meeting news release.
"We wanted to examine whether chronic azithromycin therapy might provide a benefit in these patients," said Martinez, who is director of pulmonary diagnostic services at the University of Michigan Health System, in Ann Arbor.
To assess treatment effectiveness, the researchers looked at data from a prior study conducted by the COPD Clinical Research Network.
Patients in that study had either suffered a so-called "acute exacerbation" of COPD in the year leading up to the study or were using supplemental oxygen at the beginning of the study.
For one year the patients randomly were assigned to receive either a daily dose of 250 milligrams of azithromycin or a placebo.
The result: Compared with the placebo group, patients taking the antibiotic were able to benefit from longer gaps between hospitalizations.
"We found that there was a significant delay from the first respiratory-related hospitalization to the next one among those treated with azithromycin," Martinez said. He said the finding also held for re-hospitalizations that were due to any cause, not just respiratory issues.
One expert said the findings warrant further investigation, but pointed out that the history of antibiotic use in people with respiratory disease has had its ups and downs.
"A number of years ago, it was reported that Ketak, an antibiotic in the erythromycin family, was helpful in reducing exacerbations in asthma," said Dr. Len Horovitz, a pulmonary specialist at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York City. "[However], there were other problems with this antibiotic, and it was discontinued."
He called the new findings with azithromycin "promising," but added a caveat: "It was recently found that azithromycin is contraindicated in patients with cardiac arrhythmia, which [can] occur in COPD, so these factors must be viewed with caution."
For his part, Martinez said more research will need to be done to confirm the findings, and experts note that findings presented at medical meetings are typically considered preliminary until published in a peer-reviewed journal.
Find out more about COPD at the U.S. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute.
SOURCES: Victoria Richards, Ph.D., assistant professor, medical sciences, Frank H. Netter M.D. School of Medicine, Quinnipiac University, Hamden, Conn; Len Horovitz, M.D., pulmonary specialist, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York City; news release, American Thoracic Society annual meeting, Philadelphia
Alan Mozes
Consumer News Products Respiratory Problems: Misc. Language News types Emphysema Smoking Cessation Topics English News
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High Smog Levels Might Threaten Lung Transplant Success
Study found exposure doubled risk of rejection, death in patients
WEDNESDAY, March 23, 2011 (HealthDay News) -- Exposure to high levels of traffic pollution doubles the risk of organ rejection and death in lung transplant patients, a new study suggests.
Belgian researchers tracked the health of 281 lung transplant patients over a five-year period, and found that 117 (41 percent) developed a serious inflammatory condition called bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome. Of those patients, 61 died.
The syndrome, which is caused by an overactive immune system and is the clinical equivalent of organ rejection, is common in lung transplant patients.
The researchers found that patients who lived within 171 meters (187 yards) of a main road were twice as likely to develop the syndrome and more than twice as likely to die within five years, compared to patients who lived farther away from a main road.
The study authors also concluded that every tenfold increase in distance from a main road was associated with a 43 percent reduced risk of developing the syndrome and a 28 percent reduced risk of death.
Gender, age or type of lung transplantation (single or double) had no effect on the risk of death.
The researchers also found that the farther patients lived from a main road, the lower their levels of inflammatory markers.
The findings suggest that one in four cases of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome and 28 percent of deaths in lung transplant patients could be attributed to living near a major road, the researchers concluded.
"Traffic related air pollution appears to constitute a serious risk ... If confirmed by other studies, [it] has substantial clinical and public health implications," the researchers noted.
The study appears online in the journal Thorax.
The U.S. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute has more about lung transplantation.
SOURCE: Thorax, news release, March 23, 2011
Consumer News Products Respiratory Problems: Misc. Language News types Organ Transplants Death & Dying: Misc. Topics Pollution, Air English News
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Save Radio Adelaide. Please.
A lot has been said about Radio Adelaide, but until now it hasn't been said by Anthony Nocera. The Radio Adelaide volunteer and CityMag contributor talks about the indefinable things that would be lost if the station is allowed to fade away.
Words: Anthony Nocera
Pictures: Lauren Bezzina
Radio Adelaide is in trouble. Its building has been sold by The University of Adelaide and its future is uncertain.
Anthony and Jenny Nguyen present The Range on Radio Adelaide every Tuesday from 4pm – 5.30pm.
There’s been a lot of media releases and media spin, but what’s been absent from the conversation – both in its public and private contexts – is the voice of the station. The voices of the 400 people from every corner of the Adelaide community that make up the station. For a station that has always been about people, the conversation has been weirdly devoid of their voices. So I’m lending mine.
The city is different at 2am on a Tuesday night, or Wednesday morning if you want to get technical. I don’t. It’s dead, though, the city.
As I walked along North Terrace I got the feeling I was the only one out, and there is this weird quiet about it that is suddenly shattered by a random guy shouting, ‘Oi, you walk like a girl, faggot!’ but even then he’s far away and it’s not too concerning because you remind yourself that this is real life and not that video on street harassment you watched in year 9 before you went on that whole year level trip to Canberra that ended badly. The video and the trip ended badly.
But this isn’t about that.
In 2014, I was given the opportunity to be part of the Adelaide University Union’s Student Radio program on Radio Adelaide. Every Tuesday from Midnight to 1am for a whole year I’d host The Midnight Herald with my best friend Jacqui, and sometimes some other people. It was fun, it was exciting and it was like nothing I’d ever done before.
We labelled ourselves a satirical news show and we might have been that, but the show turned into a space where we talked about things that mattered to us. We talked about being gay (me), feminism (Jacqui), politics (both of us, but also neither of us), sex (both of us, even though neither of us was having any), student politics (which shouldn’t matter to anyone). We made fun of everyone and made fools of ourselves.
We dedicated the song Short Dick Man by 20 Fingers to the Young Liberal Students on campus who came on our show earlier in the year and called the queer community a “cultural fringe group”. We broke stories – both in the journalistic sense and in the very literal sense of breaking them and doing a bad job of it. But it was funny and it was fun and we learnt how to be better.
I’m not sure if The Midnight Herald was good or if it was bad, even though it was fun. But, what I definitely do know – and listening back to The Midnight Herald has shown me that I don’t really know a lot – is that for one hour every week I felt like I had a voice.
I upset people, I made them laugh, I talked to people who hadn’t been talked to before and people listened. I know they listened because they messaged me about it and talked to me on the street or in my classes when I didn’t skip them on a Wednesday because I was too tired to go.
For the first time at university and, I daresay, my life I felt like I was a part of something bigger than me and that I was making a difference – even if it was small. I was part of a community and my contribution mattered to the people working within it. It felt great. I was given the opportunity to leave Radio Adelaide, but I couldn’t imagine a week without it. I still volunteer there today, although I get to host a show during the day now.
So I’m getting more sleep, but I wouldn’t mind if I wasn’t.
Before starting university, we’re always told about the culture of the place and how bustling and alive it is. About how we’ll find ourselves there. Blame the government or corporatisation or a combination of the two, but it’s not like that at all. It’s kind of dull and it was until I found Radio Adelaide.
It’s the only institution making the University what it is meant to be. And it should stay … no matter the cost.
The city’s music ecosystem isn’t just in stasis – it needs saving
Our favourite photos of 2021
Adelaide’s best music releases of 2021
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EPA: 3 Pesticides May Harm Nearly All Endangered Species
The EPA Says 3 Common Pesticides Could Harm Nearly All Endangered Species
The agency says 97 percent of the plants and animals listed under the Endangered Species Act are likely to be harmed by chlorpyrifos, diazinon, and malathion.
By Elizabeth Grossman
What do grizzly bears, gray wolves, California condors, and coho salmon have in common? All are protected by the Endangered Species Act (ESA) and all are likely to be harmed by three commonly used pesticides, according to a new report from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). In fact, these three pesticides—chlorpyrifos, diazinon, and malathion—are likely to harm 97 percent of the plants and animals listed under the ESA.
Although diazinon and malathion have been used on farms, around homes, and for other pest control since 1956, and chlorpyrifos since 1965, this is the first time the EPA has conducted such an evaluation in the four decades since the ESA was passed in 1973.
As the EPA said in a recent release, this is the “first-ever draft biological evaluations analyzing the nation-wide effects” of these pesticides on endangered and threatened species and the habitat that is essential to their survival.
So why now? The EPA didn’t have a choice. This assessment is part of a legal settlement with the Center for Biological Diversity, which sued the agency over its failure to fully comply with the ESA.
Under the ESA, any time a federal agency takes an action that affects a listed species—such as approving a pesticide—it is supposed to “consult” with the Fish and Wildlife Service and National Ocean and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Fisheries to determine the action’s impact on that species. “Not to do this with pesticides is not acceptable. The law is clear; they have to do it,” Center for Biological Diversity environmental health director, Lori Ann Burd told Civil Eats.
“When you reach a number like 97 percent,” Burd added, “you know you’re in a situation where pesticide use has really gotten out of hand.”
Widely Used Nerve-Damaging Pesticides
These three pesticides belong to the class of chemicals known as organophosphates, which kill insects by disrupting their brains and nervous systems. They have similar effects on other animals, including humans, interfering with an enzyme that is essential to the nervous system’s ability to carry signals.
Chlorpyrifos has been shown in numerous studies to adversely affect children’s neurological development and behavior, including through prenatal exposure. Diazinon can persist for weeks or months in the environment, seep into groundwater, and contaminate drinking water. Malathion tends to break down faster but has been found in both streams and well water. Last year, the World Health Organization’s International Agency for Research on Cancer determined that diazinon and malathion are probable human carcinogens—the same classification the agency gave glyphosate, the active ingredient in Roundup, the nation’s most widely used herbicide.
Chlorpyrifos has now been taken off the market for residential use and is banned for use near schools, hospitals, shopping centers, and homes. Diazinon, which was considered one of the most popular home lawn and garden pest control products, has similarly been taken out of retail use because of its human health risks, particularly to children, and its toxicity to wildlife.
Yet all three of these pesticides are still widely used on a variety of food crops, including soybeans, corn, wheat, almonds, grapes, strawberries, kale, and many other kinds of fruit, vegetables, nuts, and grains. They’re also all used for other insect control. While use of these pesticides has declined over the past 10 or more years, they’re still ubiquitous. Farmers used an estimated 8 to 9 million pounds of the three pesticides in 2013.
The heaviest concentration of these chemicals, is—not surprisingly—in California’s Central Valley and other agriculture-heavy parts of the country, including the Midwest, Florida, and Washington state. But, as the EPA assessment indicates, the reach of their impacts is extensive.
“These pesticides have been in use for decades and harming these species the entire time,” said Center for Biological Diversity scientist Nathan Donley. “They’ve been noncompliant with the ESA essentially since the law has been written,” he says of the EPA.
But the industry manufacturing the three pesticides says there’s nothing to worry about.
Jay Vroom, president and CEO of CropLife America, the trade association representing agricultural chemical manufacturers, said in a statement: “These products have been safely used on millions of acres for decades, with no evidence that they have harmed endangered species. We will work with our companies to provide EPA the scientific research they need to make informed decisions when dealing with the complexities of the Endangered Species Act.”
A key element of the report the EPA just released is that for the first time it looked at the effects of cumulative, indirect, and sub-lethal effects of pesticide exposure, using assessment methods the National Academy of Sciences recommended in 2013. Previously the EPA’s assessments of pesticide impacts “used lethal doses only,” explains Earthjustice managing attorney, Patti Goldman.
This means that the EPA only considered how much of a pesticide it would take to kill one of these plants or animals, not what would happen if they were exposed to smaller amounts and over an extended period of time. The fact that this report includes these effects, “gets at how extensive this problem is and at how toxic these chemicals are,” says Donley.
Whether or not this analysis will actually help protect endangered species has yet to be determined. As an EPA spokesperson pointed out to Civil Eats, the report only says whether or not endangered species are likely to be exposed to these pesticides and whether harm could occur. It does not say the degree to which this exposure would hurt a particular species.
The draft is up for a 60-day public comment period, after which the agency may revise the report. The Fish and Wildlife Service and National Marine Fisheries Service will then review that information to determine whether the pesticides’ impacts actually jeopardize the survival of any endangered or threatened species. That process is supposed to conclude by the end of next year.
If what’s called a “jeopardy” determination is made, the EPA will then develop response or mitigation plans. These could involve monitoring the pesticide use, including by farms, restricting the amount of each pesticide that can be applied, or creating buffer zones.
But, as Goldman points out, the EPA has not acted effectively in response to previous “jeopardy determinations.” In 2008, for example, the National Marine Fisheries Service determined that malathion, which is also highly toxic to bees, would jeopardize the existence of all but one of the Pacific salmon species listed under the ESA. Despite that finding, the EPA failed to act, leaving salmon exposed to the same toxic pesticides.
Meanwhile, the Fish and Wildlife Service announced earlier this year that it would analyze the impacts of two more of the approximately 16,000 pesticides approved for use in the U.S—atrazine and glyphosate—on endangered species, as part of a similar legal settlement.
The report shows a “real need for a shift” in pesticide use, says Center for Biological Diversity’s Burd. And what comes out of the process, “isn’t the end of farming” but the end of what she calls, “an era of unrestrained pesticide use.”
Elizabeth Grossman was a senior reporter for Civil Eats from 2014 to 2017, where she focused on environmental and science issues. She is the author of Chasing Molecules, High Tech Trash, Watershed and other books. Her work appeared in a variety of publications, including National Geographic News, The Guardian, The Intercept, Scientific American, Environmental Health Perspectives, Yale e360, Ensia, High Country News, The Washington Post, Salon, The Nation, and Mother Jones. She passed away in July 2017, leaving behind a legacy of dedication to her mission of journalism that supports and protects people and the planet. Read more >
Elizabeth Grossman
A new EPA ecological risk assessment has found that atrazine – the second most widely used pesticide in the US (but banned in Europe) – is used in sufficient quantities to harm most species of animals and plants across the U.S. According to the EPA, this use results in exposures that exceed the EPA’s “level of concern” nearly 200 times for mammals, 22x for birds and 62 times for fish. Levels found in the environment are more than enough to kill frogs, This preliminary 500+-page report was posted to a gov’t website by the EPA on April 29 but has now been removed. Civil Eats is waiting to learn why this happened.
This has not been a good few days for EPA pesticide assessments. On April 29, the EPA posted what was labeled a final glyphosate cancer assessment. The report was removed on May 2. The EPA says it was posted inadvertently and the review is not finished. The final report is due by the end of 2016, the agency says. Other glyphosate documents posted 4/29 were also taken down. Reuters has additional details here: http://reut.rs/1rhD3Kp. -- EPA's draft atrazine assessment also appears to have been posted by mistake. Official statement and further details are yet to come. But here's some additional info: from the Center for Biological Diversity: http://bit.ly/1WGMYFh and Civil Eats: http://bit.ly/1S7ToeB
DiscoveryServi
It does matter if we destroy an endangered species habitat to develop more farmland, housing or industrial parks.
‘Seed Money’ Explores Monsanto’s Troubling Past and its Impact on the Future of Food
By Regina Munch
Cocktail Historian Shanna Farrell on Why the Spirits Industry Needs a ‘Grain to Glass’ Revolution
By Shoshi Parks
Op-ed: The Ban on Chlorpyrifos and the Power of Community Organizing
By Margaret Reeves and Ángel García
Hybrid Rye is Helping Farmers Fight ‘Superweeds’ Without Herbicide
By Brian DeVore
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“As Britain returns to work, we need to adapt … “
The Chancellor has announced changes to the Coronavirus Job Retention Scheme (CJRS) to give “businesses the flexibility to decide what is right for them”. Furloughed workers can return part-time from 1 July 2020 although employers will need to make modest contributions from August 2020.
To ensure fairness, the Self-Employment Income Support Scheme (SEISS) is being extended into August.
Coronavirus Job Retention Scheme (CJRS)
Continuing to support employers and employees to get people back to work, Rishi has announced an extension to the ‘furlough’ scheme. There have also been a few changes to the scheme (which is now referred to as ‘flexible furloughing’) coming into action from 1 July 2020.
Rishi has put in place a step plan to help employees get back to work:
From 1 July 2020, employers can start to bring back furloughed employees into the workplace. Hours of work, which must cover at least one week, are to be agreed between the employer and employee in writing; the employee will receive full pay for the hours they work during this ‘flexible furlough period’ whilst the employer will still be eligible to claim the maximum CJRS grant when the employee is not working (i.e. the 80% capped at £2,500 per month and associated employers national insurance contributions and auto-enrolment pension contributions). This arrangement will continue to 31 August 2020 and, from 1 July 2020, the three-week minimum furlough claim period has been removed.
From August, there will be no changes to the grant but the Government is asking employers to pay the employer NI contribution and pension auto-enrolment contributions.
From September, the Government will reduce their contributions to 70% of furloughed salary (up to £2,187.50) and the employer will pay the 10% (to make up to the 80%) plus NI contribution and pension auto-enrolment contributions.
From October, the Government will further reduce their contributions to 60% of furloughed salary (up to £1,875) with the employer paying 20% plus NI contribution and pension auto-enrolment contributions.
The furlough scheme will close to new entrants on 30 June 2020. Employers wanting to furlough employees before then will need to action this by 10 June 2020 (three weeks before).
The Chancellor has confirmed that the furlough scheme will end on 31 October 2020.
Self-Employment Income Support Scheme (SEISS)
A second round of SEISS payments for the self-employed has been introduced. Slightly less generous than the first, the plan is to make available a single taxable payment of 70% of average monthly trading profits over a three-month period (capped at £6,570). The self-employed will have to wait to make their claim, this second (and final) opportunity to claim this additional one-off payment won’t be available until August.
If you are self-employed and your business has been adversely affected by Coronavirus, you have until 13 July 2020 to make your first claim under the SEISS of up to £7,500. If your business has only recently been affected, you don’t have to have claimed the first payment to be eligible to claim the second.
Sadly, the actual claim itself is something we can’t do you for your but we can help you gather all the information you need to make a successful claim. More information should be available by 12 June 2020.
As ever, if you need any help or assistance with CJRS, the SEISS or would just like to talk to us about managing your cashflow and planning for recovery during the coronavirus pandemic, please do not hesitate to call us on 01223 810100.
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The #1 Reason Why Electric Cars Will Dominate The Car Market
Zachary Shahan
There are a ton of reasons why electric cars should be the dominant type of car on our roads — reasons why you should really ditch your gasmobile for an electric car. Some of those reasons would slowly sway portions of the market. But logic doesn’t often prevail in the marketplace — love, enthusiasm, and emotional desires do. And that’s actually why I think electric cars will quickly come to dominate the market….
I wish I could say it’s no secret, but it actually is something like a secret that electric cars are simply way more enjoyable to drive than gasmobiles. It’s common for people to think of golf carts or small, dinky vehicles when they think of electric cars. Only 22% of respondents in a recent nationwide study said they were familiar with the Tesla Model S, only 31% said that they were familiar with the Nissan Leaf, the highest-selling electric car in the world.
If so many people haven’t even heard of the vehicles, you know that they and others don’t realize how much nicer they are to drive. Mainstream media reporters, most of whom have never driven a modern electric car themselves, certainly aren’t communicating this to the public.
But word of mouth can be a powerful sales force, and word gets around increasingly fast as an awesome product starts to gain market share. We’ve seen this time and time again.
The rise of the computer. The rise of the laptop. The rise of the phone. The rise of the cell phone. The rise of the smartphone. The rise of the CD player. The rise of the iPod. The rise of email. The rise of the tablet. These things don’t happen overnight, but the growth occurs exponentially and proves a ton of “change skeptics” wrong within a relatively short period of time.
In the case of electric cars, you hear this story over and over again: “I was just planning to use the electric car for [insert some practical, routine purpose], but then I found myself never wanting to drive my [insert higher-end car model].”
Over and over again, you hear people saying: “I could never go back to gas cars now.”
This quote from an early investor in Tesla after testing out an early Roadster is extreme and refers to a prime Tesla product, but it still captures the essence of the story at all electric vehicle price levels: “What the hell did you do to my Porsche? I just spent a quarter of a million dollars on this thing, and it sucks now!”
Of course, it’s not the car guys or the $250,000 Porsche guys who need to adopt electric cars in order to help us stop global warming, cut air pollution, cut energy insecurity and fuel price spikes. It’s the huge middle class. Also, notably, it’s women, since they dominate the decision-making process on family expenditures. After I had already decided to write this article and put the title in, I actually ran across a new GM-Volt Forum post that I think tells us where we’re headed:
Losing ‘my’ Volt?
My wife normally drives a CTS-V.
More and more, she asks if the Volt is charged. Of course it is.
Once more, she takes the Volt instead of the Caddy. Nothing to do with Saving The Baby Seals, and she has a full tank in Cad.
I think she likes driving it more.
This is what will cause the EV market to take off. Fun to drive.
Note that the Cadillac CTS-V is a luxury sedan priced between$65,000 and $73,000. The Chevy Volt, before tax credits or rebates, starts at $34,185. After the federal tax credit, the starting price is $26,685.
I said it before, and I’ll say it again… and again, and again: electric cars are totally awesome to drive compared to gas cars. I hope you do the same and help to spread the good word!
Haven’t driven an EV yet? Check out and test drive 11 electric cars that cost less than the average new car in the US, or the higher-end electric cars that actually cost more.
Keep up with the latest EV news and commentary here on CleanTechnica, and feel free to subscribe to our infamous EV newsletter — we won’t tell anyone.
In this article:cadillac, Cadillac CTS-V, Chevy Volt, GM, Nissan Leaf, Tesla, Tesla Model S, Tesla Roadster
Written By Zachary Shahan
Zach is tryin' to help society help itself one word at a time. He spends most of his time here on CleanTechnica as its director, chief editor, and CEO. Zach is recognized globally as an electric vehicle, solar energy, and energy storage expert. He has presented about cleantech at conferences in India, the UAE, Ukraine, Poland, Germany, the Netherlands, the USA, Canada, and Curaçao. Zach has long-term investments in Tesla [TSLA], NIO [NIO], Xpeng [XPEV], Ford [F], ChargePoint [CHPT], Amazon [AMZN], Piedmont Lithium [PLL], Lithium Americas [LAC], Albemarle Corporation [ALB], Nouveau Monde Graphite [NMGRF], Talon Metals [TLOFF], Arclight Clean Transition Corp [ACTC], and Starbucks [SBUX]. But he does not offer (explicitly or implicitly) investment advice of any sort.
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Johnna Crider1 day ago
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Opinion: Metaverse threatens human connection, offers more problems than solutions
The virtual sphere has become a staple of pandemic times – but that doesn’t mean we should replace in-person interactions with online connections. Connecting with others face-to-face will always be important. (Kanishka Mehra/Daily Bruin senior staff)
By Emily Samuels
You can’t always trust what you see online. But what if online meant something new – something you no longer just see but something you are.
Cue Facebook and its vision of a three-dimensional metaverse that transcends physical limitations. Flesh-and-blood human beings would be replaced by custom avatars, and office and school spaces could cease to exist in the physical world.
As a student eager to connect with classmates, professors and future employers, I’m scared. A wholly virtual existence will diminish authentic human experience and interaction, and that’s not something I’m ready to give up.
People must resist technology’s compelling draw and remember the significance of physical experiences and tangible reality. Our identities are the only things that are truly our own, so we must guard them closely.
Mark Zuckerberg, CEO of Facebook, which is now transitioning to the name Meta, said the company’s goal is for the metaverse to reach 1 billion people and garner billions of dollars in commerce over the next decade. The global metaverse market size – or the total amount of money that people and corporations have collectively spent – already reached $47.69 billion in 2020. Although Zuckerberg claims his vision is intended to help connect people and increase natural engagement, we shouldn’t be fooled. The metaverse will exacerbate problems for individuals and democratic institutions alike while generating enormous profits for people like Zuckerberg.
To achieve real, face-to-face connection, students need to physically be in class and employees need to be in an office. Online environments do not provide the same opportunities for personal and intellectual growth.
“I’ve done three internships fully online and I’ve run a club online, and I think that people don’t feel that they’re being surrounded by the same people as they were if they were in person all in a room getting food together,” said Matthew Wang, a fourth-year computer science and economics student.
Wang, who interned for Facebook, said that he’s wary of how limiting technology can be to people’s lived experiences and the pressures people may feel to present themselves in ways they don’t want to.
“I don’t think it’s physically possible to code in any system that can completely capture someone’s identity and then represent it on a screen,” Wang said.
If some people are not represented in the metaverse, we will lose the diversity that can be so powerful in bettering society. We may also find it more challenging to understand the experiences of those who have historically been underrepresented or maligned.
On the other hand, the metaverse may give people a chance to represent themselves the way they want to be seen. However, this creation can be damaging to notions of self. If people can hide behind artificially created avatars, they never have to learn to embrace their identities – flaws and all.
It’s no secret that the virtual world can have toxic effects. Studies have shown that screen time and social media are associated with mental health issues such as depression, anxiety and feelings of loneliness. Research also shows the link between increased media usage and suicide risk is stronger for adolescent girls than boys.
Among profile pictures, likes and comments, the image we present online contains a tiny fraction of our actual lives, and it often only shows us at our best.
But our imperfections are what makes us human and that’s more than OK.
We are living through a pandemic in which our ability to comfortably communicate in person with others is already dwindling. We are hardly present, our attention spans are at an all-time low and we are trapped in a vicious cycle of comparison with online personas. The last thing we need right now is to forgo connectivity and community.
This is not to say that the virtual sphere doesn’t have its advantages.
The metaverse will certainly continue to provide groups of people with opportunities they might not have access to otherwise.
Fourth-year design media arts student and co-founder of the Disabled Student Union, Natalee Decker, said that it is beneficial – and, in some cases, crucial – for disabled people to have remote access to education and employment because of variability in one’s wellness, conditions and access issues.
“I think (online communities) can be really lifesaving for a lot of people experiencing marginality,” Decker said.
But the virtual world can be inaccessible. Building an online community requires a Wi-Fi connection, a laptop or phone and technological proficiency – things that aren’t available to all.
People should be able to retain agency over whom and what they are exposed to rather than being trapped into a specific space that has been designed by a single corporation. Online options should be available for people who need them, but we should always encourage in-person interactions, as long as they don’t pose any dangers. People deserve to choose how they want to interact with others and experience the world.
Facebook shouldn’t be allowed to monopolize that.
Second-year economics student Kevin Jiang said that while movement between time and space in the metaverse may enhance some learning opportunities, it will also blur the line between virtual and real life experiences.
The lack of distinction between reality and online experiences will make it more difficult for humans to sustain themselves.
“I definitely could see that dystopian track play out too. … People are in their basements and never see sunlight, and they’re all just so caught up in what’s going on in the metaverse that their physical (bodies) start to deteriorate,” Jiang said.
Our physical bodies and the space they occupy will never become irrelevant. So long as humans are breathing, we will remain social creatures that crave an intimacy that is impossible to achieve through a screen. People need each other to build off and to thrive.
The metaverse will bring humans further away from reality. It would be a shame for current and future generations to ignore the physical, already existent and ever-developing world.
Emily Samuels
Opinion: Diversity of UCLA community offers opportunities for growth, bonding
Opinion: UC should acknowledge, denounce human rights abuses in India
Opinion: Project Roomkey marks progress, but long-term solutions to homelessness are needed
Opinion: Virtual setting may allow for more freedom to explore new extracurricular interests
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Nobel Peace Prize Winner: Illegal Immigration Spreads Terrorism
REUTERS/Dondi Tawatao
Will Racke Immigration and Foreign Policy Reporter
November 20, 2017 12:03 PM ET
Much of the world’s conflict can be attributed to illegal immigration, which spreads terrorism and instability, Myanmar leader and Nobel Peace Prize recipient Aung San Suu Kyi said in a speech on Monday.
Speaking to European and Asian leaders gathered in Myanmar’s capital, Suu Kyi said the world is in a new period of unrest partly because of “illegal immigration’s spread of terrorism and violent extremism,” according to the Associated Press. She also cited “social disharmony and even the threat of nuclear war.”
Suu Kyi’s remarks at the annual EU-Asian foreign ministers conference come as Myanmar is embroiled in a humanitarian crisis over the forced exodus of Rohingya Muslims from the country’s western Rakhine state. Although she did not mention the Rohingya situation in her speech, Suu Kyi’s reference to illegal immigration echoed the widespread view among Myanmar’s majority Buddhist population that the Rohingya are illegal interlopers and responsible for terrorist attacks.
The Myanmar government has come under worldwide condemnation for a military crackdown against hundreds of thousands of Rohingya that began this summer. More than 500,000 people have fled Myanmar into neighboring Bangladesh, according to the United Nations, which has characterized the government’s actions as a deliberate ethnic cleansing campaign.
Once an idol of Western human rights advocates, Suu Kyi has received sharp criticism for appearing to downplay or tacitly approve the government violence against the Rohingya. As Myanmar’s foreign minister and so-called “state councilor,” Suu Kyi does not control the military’s operations in Rakhine state, but critics say she has failed to use her influential stature to condemn the brutal crackdown.
The U.S. has urged Myanmar to reconcile with the Rohingya refugees, but has stopped short of advocating sanctions against the government. Last week, Secretary of State Rex Tillerson authorized an additional $47 million in humanitarian assistance to the refugees, bringing the total amount U.S. aid to more than $150 million for 2017.
Follow Will on Twitter
Send tips to will@dailycallernewsfoundation.org.
Tags : aung san suu kyi myanmar
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Tremelo and surroundings
• NL
Discover how a Father Damien is lurking inside all of us
News / calendar
Welcome to the Damien Museum
Discover the modernised Damien Museum, a contemporary and interactive experience centre where you can follow in Father Damien’s footsteps. The museum guides you through different periods in the life of the Greatest Belgian and demonstrates that Father Damien is still a source of inspiration today.
Father Damien
From Tremelo
Damien is inextricably linked to Tremelo. He was born in Ninde, a hamlet of Tremelo, and given the name Jef De Veuster. He grew up there, went to school in the neighbouring village of Werchter and worked on his parents’ farm. The house where Damien was born is part of the new Damien Museum, which you can now visit.
Monk, Priest and Missionary
Jef didn’t follow in his parents’ footsteps. He didn’t become a farmer or grain merchant. He chose the life of a missionary. A new life and a new name: Damien. At the age of 23 he travelled to the Hawaiian Islands and started his mission. Distant places and new cultures, but Father Damien went a step further. He volunteered to go to the island of Molokai, where his real journey began.
The People of Molokai
Father Damien discovered and used his skills as a mediator on Molokai. He was an aid worker and human rights activist before such a thing even existed. He laboured for people who were quarantined due to their disease. He built up a community with them; a community in which nobody was shunned.
An inspiration
Father Damien died in Molokai on 15 April 1889. But he lives on. His dedication and solidarity continue to inspire others. Damien Foundation wants to make a difference all over the world in the battle against leprosy and tuberculosis. A battle that Damien Foundation joins, together with others, because there is a Father Damien lurking inside each and every one of us.
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Gannett Print and Online Advertising Terms and Conditions
If Advertiser is purchasing (i) print advertising ("Print Ads") for display in Publisher's newspaper property(ies) (each a "Newspaper"), or (ii) online display advertising ("Digital Ads" and collectively with Print Ads, "Ads") for distribution on Publisher's digital media property(ies) (e.g., Publisher's website(s), Publisher's tablet or mobile applications, digital display ads associated with the e-edition of Publisher's newspaper, etc.) specified in the applicable Order (each a "Digital Property"), then the additional terms and conditions set forth in this Addendum A and Addendum A-2 will apply to each Order submitted for such Advertising Services.
1. Rates. Unless otherwise specified in Advertising Commitment in connection with a Commitment from Advertiser, Advertiser's purchase of Ads for display in the Newspapers, on the Digital Properties will be billed at Publisher's Standard Rates. Advertiser acknowledges that it has been provided a copy of Publisher's standard rate card. The rate card, including any terms and conditions in such rate card, are hereby incorporated into this Agreement by reference, provided that in the event of a conflict between any terms or conditions in the rate card and the terms of this Agreement, the terms of this Agreement will control. Publisher reserves the right to modify its rate card, including increasing its Standard Rates, at any time and from time to time. Publisher will provide Advertiser with at least 30 days' prior written notice of any rate increase. If Advertiser objects to any such increase, it shall have the option to discontinue display of the applicable Ads by giving written notice to Publisher prior to the effective date of such changes. Advertiser's right to discontinue the display of its Ads shall be its sole and exclusive remedy in the event of a rate increase. If Advertiser does not elect to discontinue display of the applicable Ads, then, following the expiration of the notice period, all Ads shall be billed at Publisher's increased rates.
2. Delivery.
2.1. Deadlines. Advertiser will provide Publisher all applicable Ads by Publisher's standard deadline (as designated by Publisher), in a format suitable for display in the Newspaper(s) or on the applicable Digital Property(ies), as applicable, via a transmission method mutually agreed upon by the parties. Advertiser shall have the right to change any Ads(s) after submission, provided that it submits any such changes to Publisher no later than Publisher's standard deadline (as designated by Publisher). Advertiser shall pay all expenses connected with the delivery of the Ad(s) to Publisher. Changes to any Ads after first publication may result in additional charges, which will be disclosed to Advertiser in advance.
2.2. Submission of Advertising Materials. Unless otherwise agreed to by the parties in writing, Advertiser will provide all creative services and necessary text, data, images, illustrations or graphics and/or other materials with respect to the Ads(s). Advertiser will submit the Ad(s) in accordance with the applicable Publisher policies in effect from time to time, including policies regarding artwork specifications, format and submission deadlines.
3. Ad Serving. Advertiser grants to Publisher a license to (a) display Advertiser's Ads on the Distribution Network; and (b) modify, copy, reformat, transmit and otherwise manipulate the Ads in connection with such display. Advertisements will be served in accordance with one of the following options:
3.1. By Publisher. If Publisher! will be responsible for serving the Digital Ads through its own ad servers, then Publisher will track delivery of the Digital Ads through such servers. The parties agree that Publisher's final impression measurements will be used to determine the fees due under this Agreement.
3.2. By a Third Party. If a third party ("Third Party") will be responsible for serving the Digital Ads through such Third Party's ad server, and such Third Party will track delivery of the Digital Ads through its server. The Third Party's final audited impression measurements will be used to determine the fees due under this Agreement. If the parties agree to use a Third Party ad server under the terms of this Addendum, Advertiser agrees to provide Publisher with a user login name and password to access the Third Party's impression measurements for purposes of verification of such measurements.
4. Invoices. Publisher agrees that invoices covering the delivery of Ads hereunder will contain: (a) the dates and times upon which Advertiser's Ads were displayed in the Newspapers and/or the Digital Properties, and, if applicable, dates and times upon which the Ads could be accessed on the Digital Properties, (b) where applicable, the number of impressions, and/or click-throughs reported during such dates, and (c) the charge to Advertiser. The invoice shall serve as Publisher's) certificate of performance.
5. Short Rating. If Advertiser has made a Commitment in accordance with Advertising Commitment of this Agreement and, at the end of the Commitment Term set forth in Advertising Commitment Advertiser has either (i) purchased less volume (inches/pages/impressions) of Ads than agreed to in the Advertising Commitment or (ii) fallen short of the minimum revenue commitment agreed to in Advertising Commitment , then, if Publisher's Standard Rates are higher than the rates Advertiser was paying during the Commitment Term, (a) Advertiser will be billed for (and will be obligated to pay) the difference between the Standard Rate and the Commitment Term rate for all Ads that ran during the Commitment Term, and (b) Advertiser will be billed at the Standard Rate (as such Standard Rate may be modified in accordance with Section 1, above) for all Ads run after the Commitment Period.
6. Cancellation.
6.1. Cancellation of Print Ads. Cancellations will not be accepted for Print Ads after the Publisher's standard closing time, as designated by Publisher. Advertiser will be responsible for any production or creative services provided by Publisher regardless of the cancellation of any Print Ads.
6.2. Cancellation of Digital Ads
6.2.1. Cancellation Prior to Initial Distribution At any time prior to the serving of the first impression of a Digital Ad on a Digital Property under this Agreement, Advertiser may cancel an online advertising campaign on thirty (30) days prior written notice to Publisher.
6.2.2. Cancellation After Initial Distribution Once the first impression of a Digital Ad has been served on any Digital Property, Advertiser may cancel an online advertising campaign by giving Publisher written notice of such cancellation, which cancellation will be deemed effective on the later of: (i) thirty (30) days after serving of the first impression of the applicable campaign; or (ii) fourteen (14) days after providing Publisher with such notice. If Advertiser exercises its right to cancel under this Paragraph 8(b), Advertiser will be responsible for all fees that accrue prior to the cancellation date.
7. Reservation of Rights.
Publisher may reject, remove or cancel any Ad, space reservation or position commitment at any time in its sole discretion. Publisher also may edit, reject or remove from its Newspaper(s) and/or Digital Property(ies), at any time, any Ad or other material submitted by Advertiser or its Agency, or place the Ad in any Publisher advertising classification or section that Publisher deems appropriate. Publisher also shall have full latitude with respect to positioning all advertisements in the Newspapers; provided, however, that Publisher will use its reasonable efforts to accommodate Advertiser's positioning requests.
8. Responsibility for Advertisements.
8.1. Technical Quality; Typographical Errors; Incorrect Insertions or Omissions. Publisher is not responsible for any material that is not properly displayed or that cannot be accessed or viewed because the material was not received by Publisher in the proper form, in a timely manner, or in an acceptable technical quality for display on the Digital Property(ies). This Agreement cannot be invalidated, and neither Publisher will be liable for typographical errors, incorrect insertions or incorrect publication or omissions in any Advertiser Content displayed or published pursuant to this Agreement or omitted from display or publication.
8.2. Failure to Display Advertiser Content. Publisher Properties hereunder) are not required to display any Advertiser Content or other material for the benefit of any person or entity other than Advertiser. If there is an interruption or omission of the publication of any Advertiser Content or other material contracted to be published hereunder, Publisher may suggest a substitute time period for the publication of the interrupted or omitted Advertiser Content or material or run the Ads in a different position in the Newspaper(s) or on the Digital Property(ies), as determined by Publisher. Alternatively, in cases where Advertiser is paying on a fixed fee basis or has paid in advance, and if no such substitute time period is acceptable to Advertiser in Advertiser's good faith business judgment, Publisher shall provide a "make good" in the form of a reduction in the amount of fees due to Publisher (or credit of fees already paid) equal to the proportionate amount of money assigned to the interrupted or omitted Ad(s). Such substitution in time period or placement or reduction in fees shall be Advertiser's sole and exclusive remedy for any failure to display Ads or other advertising material and Publisher shall have no further liability hereunder for such failure.
8.3. Removal or Change of Content. Publisher, in its sole discretion, may remove or revise its Newspaper(s) and/or Digital Property(ies), including the Newspapers' and/or Digital Properties' content, nature, design, and/or organization, during the term of this Agreement. If any such revision materially alters the value of the Ad(s) to be run by Advertiser, Publisher will notify Advertiser of such revisions. If the parties cannot agree upon a satisfactory substitution for the affected ads due to such revision, Advertiser may cancel this Agreement with respect to the affected Ad(s) and shall not have to pay (or shall receive a refund) for Ads not displayed due to such cancellation. Such cancellation shall be Advertiser's sole and exclusive remedy and Publisher shall have no further liability whatsoever.
9. Pre-Print Policy. All pre-prints must conform to the Publisher's standard pre-print specifications and recommended waste calculations, which will be provided by each Publisher. Inserts must be delivered to the Publisher at least 10 days in advance of distribution date. The Publisher will invoice pre-print billing quantities based on copies actually distributed (i.e., home delivery net sales, single copy total draw, and other circulation). Advertiser agrees to be billed the ordered distribution in the event that out of specification inserts are received.
10. Branded Content Advertising. This section applies if the campaign(s) described in the Agreement contemplate that Publisher will distribute Branded Content (aka "Native Advertising") campaigns on behalf of Advertiser. Branded Content can include short-form content or long-form content, videos, emails, or social media posts that is published on Publisher's print and/or digital platforms and that is either (i) created by or on behalf of Publisher, at Advertiser's direction, for the purpose of enabling Publisher to run a contextually relevant advertisement on behalf of Advertiser ("Publisher Branded Content"), or (ii) is created or provided by Advertiser or its designee for placement by Publisher in or on its print or digital properties specified herein ("Advertiser Branded Content"). Advertiser, in its sole discretion, will have the right to approve any Publisher Branded Content prior to publication or distribution by Publisher in connection with the campaign described herein, and Publisher, in its sole discretion, will have the right to approve any Advertiser Branded Content prior to publication or distribution by Publisher in connection with such campaign. For clarity, Publisher will not be obligated to publish, via any platform, any Advertiser Branded Content that Publisher determines, in its sole discretion, does not meet Publisher's content guidelines or is otherwise inappropriate for publication. In addition, Publisher reserves the right, in its sole discretion, to include labels in, on and/or around any Branded Content published on behalf of Advertiser hereunder that indicate that the applicable Branded Content was paid for and/or provided by Advertiser.
10.1 FTC Guidelines. Publisher and Advertiser shall each comply with all applicable laws, rules and regulations, including without limitation the FTC's Guides Concerning Endorsements and Testimonials and the FTC's Enforcement Policy for Native Advertising.
10.2 Cancellation of Branded Content Campaign. If Advertiser cancels prior to the start date of the campaign, Advertiser shall be obligated to pay for any fees and costs incurred associated with the Services which have been completed up to the point of cancellation, plus non-cancellable costs and fees which are owed for third party contracts which cannot be cancelled.
11. Pay for Performance / Lead Generation. This section applies to an Advertisement in the Publication or on the Publication's website which include a designated phone number or a tracking code or a click through from the Publication's Site to the Advertiser by which Publication and Advertiser can track and verify readers to respond to and offer in the Advertisement. Any specific qualifications for the lead shall be included in the Insertion Order or on the Advertising Commitment. Publication shall have the right to audit the Advertiser's records to confirm the number of qualified leads generated by the Advertisement. Publication shall be provided with access to the call tracking records and other records maintained by Advertiser. Publication shall be paid a percentage of the revenue generated from the lead or a fee per lead as specified in the Advertising Commitment or Insertion Order. Only unused print and digital inventory will be available for the Advertisements. The frequency, location, and placement of the Advertisements shall be determined by Publisher, in its sole discretion.
If Advertiser is purchasing digital marketing services under this Agreement ("Marketing Services"), then the additional terms and conditions set forth in this Addendum B will apply to each Order Advertiser submits for such Marketing Services. ReachLocal, an affiliate of Publisher, provides Pay Per Click Service, SEO Service, listings management service, Social Media Service, Web Design/Development/Hosting Service, and/or other Marketing Services including targeted email. ReachLocal's applicable terms and conditions are at https://www.reachlocal.com/us/en/legal/terms-and-conditions/media-product-terms apply to the services it provides. Publisher reserves the right to use other affiliates to provide Marketing Services. For clarity, if Advertiser has not purchased a particular Service described below, then the terms below relating to that Service will not apply to Advertiser.
1. Rates. Unless otherwise specified on Advertising Commitment from Advertiser, Advertiser's purchase of Marketing Services will be billed at Publisher's Standard Rates. Advertiser acknowledges that it has been provided a copy of Publisher's standard rate card for Marketing Services. The rate card, including any terms and conditions in such rate card, are hereby incorporated into this Agreement by reference, provided that in the event of a conflict between any terms or conditions in the rate card and the terms of this Agreement, the terms of this Agreement will control. Publisher reserves the right to modify its rate card, including increasing its Standard Rates for Marketing Services, at any time and from time to time. Publisher will provide Advertiser with at least 30 days' prior written notice of any rate increase. If Advertiser objects to any such increase, it shall have the option to discontinue use of the applicable Marketing Services by giving written notice to Publisher prior to the effective date of such changes. Advertiser's right to discontinue the use of particular Marketing Services shall be its sole and exclusive remedy in the event of a rate increase. If Advertiser does not elect to discontinue use of the applicable Marketing Services, then, following the expiration of the notice period, all Marketing Services shall be billed at Publisher's increased rates.
2.Marketing Services.
2.1. Pay Per Click ("PPC") Service. Publisher will create ads based on the Advertiser Content and will distribute the Ads through the Publisher Distribution Networks. Advertiser will have the opportunity to review and approve all PPC campaigns prior to launch. Advertiser will be solely responsible for all content associated with any PPC campaign. Fees are based upon the number of clicks on ads by users, based on the cost per click ("CPC") rate set forth in the applicable Order.
2.2. Search Engine Optimization ("SEO") Service. The SEO Service includes the optimization of the chosen number of keywords (e.g., 5, 10, 15 or custom) and the application of "on page" and "off page" SEO strategies for Advertiser's website, with the goal of obtaining improved ranking in organic search engine results for selected keywords. To the extent Advertiser's website is not hosted by Publisher, Advertiser will provide access to its website to enable Publisher to perform the SEO Service. Notwithstanding the foregoing or anything in this Agreement to the contrary, Advertiser acknowledges that, although Publisher will use reasonable efforts to optimize the ranking of Advertiser's ads based on the selected keywords, Publisher makes no guarantee that Advertiser's search ranking position will be maintained or optimized. Advertiser agrees that Publisher will not be liable for any unfavorable ranking results of Advertiser's ads, whether such unfavorable results arise from the SEO Service or from an act or omission of the applicable search engine.
2.3. Maps/Reputation Management Service. This Service is designed to help Advertiser's business listing appear in the "Google Maps/Places" in response to searches for Advertiser's optimized keywords. Advertiser acknowledges that search results and search engine rankings are influenced by several factors, and Publisher does not guarantee any placement in the "Google Maps/Places" or a particular position or rank for Advertiser's website or business listing in any search results.
2.4. Keywords. Advertiser acknowledges and agrees that Publisher, in its discretion, may select keywords for the PPC and SEO campaigns and for Maps Reputation Management Services. Publisher will use reasonable efforts to use Customer provided keywords; however, Publisher cannot guarantee that all of the Customer's keywords will be used.
2.5. Email Marketing Service. Publisher's Email Service includes the creation of email marketing messages based on the Advertiser Content and transmission of email messages on behalf of Advertiser. Advertiser will have the opportunity to review and approve all email marketing messages prior to the launch of an email marketing campaign under the applicable Order. Publisher will determine the transmittal date and time. The Order will specify (i) whether Publisher or Advertiser determines the recipient list and (ii) the number of recipients and the number of transmittals to the recipient list. Publisher does not make any representations or warranties about deliverability or open rates. Upon request of Publisher, Advertiser will provide its Do-Not-Email list for Publisher's use in deleting addresses on such list from the recipient list. Advertiser represents and warrants that its Do-Not-Email list includes addresses for all recipients who have opted out of receiving emails from Advertiser.
2.6. Social Media Service. Publisher's Social Media Service includes the creation and maintenance of Advertiser's social media accounts (e.g., Facebook, Twitter, Foursquare, etc.) on the sites as agreed upon by Publisher and Advertiser. To the extent Advertiser's social media accounts are already claimed by Advertiser or its representative, Advertiser will provide administrative credentials for such social media outlets to enable Publisher to provide the Social Media Service as contemplated herein. Advertiser shall have the opportunity to review and approve all social media posts, tweets, and other social media statements or content prior to publication of the post, tweet, statement or other content distributed by or on behalf of Advertiser via Advertiser's social media accounts. Advertiser will ensure that all such content complies with applicable law and applicable social media service's terms of service, as such terms of service may be modified from time to time. Advertiser further acknowledges that Publisher does not operate or otherwise control any third-party social media service. Publisher is not responsible or otherwise liable for any inaccuracy on, or unavailability of, any third-party social media service.
2.7. Web Design/Development/Hosting Service. [Desktop or Mobile]: Publisher will design, develop, and/or update the Advertiser's website as part of this service. Publisher's Services may include hosting a website for Advertiser, including performing maintenance and controlling the functionality and accessibility of the website. Publisher may perform these Services directly or through a subcontractor. Advertiser is required to provide Publisher with its terms of use and privacy policy to be displayed on its website.
3.Ancillary Services. In connection Advertiser's subscription to with one or more of the Marketing Services described above, Publisher may provide the following ancillary Services:
3.1. Proxy Sites. Publisher may provide a mirrored version of the Advertiser's website ("Proxy Site"). In order to use the proxy service, (i) Advertiser's website must be operational, functional, and accessible through the Internet, and (ii) the URL visible above the Proxy Site to users clicking on the Advertiser's ad must reflect the website address for the Proxy Site and NOT that of the Advertiser's website. Advertiser agrees that Publisher is in no way responsible for the operation and functionality of the Advertiser's website. Advertiser agrees that it has all rights to the content on the Advertiser's existing website and Advertiser is able to grant the right to Publisher to use the content in connection with the Services.
3.2 Call Recording Services. If Advertiser elects to use the Call Recording Service in connection with one or more of the Marketing Services described in Section 1, above, Publisher will, on Advertiser's behalf, record (i) calls between Advertiser and its clients regarding the Services (the "Service Calls") and (ii) incoming calls to Advertiser from prospective clients of Advertiser (the "Inbound Calls") (collectively "Call Recording"). Advertiser acknowledges that the purpose for Call Recording is for auditing this Agreement and the Services in the Order. Advertiser grants specific permission to Publisher to administer, monitor, use and access Call Recording and the content of the recorded calls as Advertiser's agent. Publisher will provide prompt disclosure in Call Recording that the Service Call or Inbound Call may be recorded ("Recording Notification"). Advertiser acknowledges that it is responsible for notifying and/or obtaining the consent to Call Recording from its representatives (including employees, agents and independent contractors) who may be recorded in a Service Call or Inbound Call. For clarity, Advertiser acknowledges and agrees that Publisher is not responsible to provide any notice in connection with Call Recording other than Recording Notification. Advertiser specifically acknowledges that Publisher is not responsible to provide notice of rights of the Advertiser's clients and prospective clients relating to potentially confidential or privileged communications. Any notice required by law other than Recording Notification is the sole responsibility of the Advertiser.
4. Indemnification for Call Recording. Without limiting Advertiser's indemnification obligations under Section 8.1 of the Agreement, if Advertiser uses the Call Recording service, Advertiser agrees to indemnify and hold the Publisher Indemnitees harmless from and against any and all Losses arising out of a third-party claim resulting from (i) any failure by Advertiser to comply with the requirements of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, or (ii) Advertiser's use or misuse of the Call Recording service. Advertiser shall not use the Call Recording service to intimidate, harass, or otherwise violate the privacy or other rights of a caller and a Recorded Person. If Publisher learns about any alleged misuse of the Call Recording service, Publisher reserves the right to terminate the totality of Advertiser use of the Call Recording service without notice or liability.
5.Additional Terms. The third-party vendors' (referenced above) policies regarding cancellation and termination of orders, including but not limited to cancellation fees, shall apply. If the Advertiser cancels an order early, the Advertiser will be billed through the next billing cycle. For example, if the Advertiser cancels prior to the end of the month, the Advertiser will be billed through the end of the next calendar month. If the Advertiser cancels prior to the end of the four (4) month minimum commitment, the Advertiser will be billed for four (4) full months. Upon cancellation, the Advertiser must notify Publisher in writing if the online advertising should cease, if no notice is provided, advertising will be active through the end of the commitment.
BRANDED CONTENT (Native Advertising) Statement of Work
If Advertiser's Order includes Branded Content the following the terms and conditions set forth below will apply to each Order.
Content Distribution:
Media Company has a tiered distribution strategy to reach readers in multiple ways on desktop and mobile web:
Editorial tiles on the homepage and relevant section fronts during launch days for each content piece. Additional days based on availability.
In order to capture side-door traffic Media Company shall provide contextually relevant in-line article placements. These include a thumbnail image and headline that drive readers to the Native Advertising. Media Company's team will create versions based on the approved Branded Content.
Media Company will create and run ______ promotional unit(s) within articles on mobile.
If included as part of the Order, Branded Content will be distributed via Facebook Instant Articles
If included as part of the Order, the Branded Content will be included in the USA TODAY app during the campaign time
Social: Recognizing the importance of social media in Branded Content campaign, the Media Company has a dedicated social media expert in-house who will manage all of Advertiser's social activity. Media Company will deliver social extensions for Advertiser's Branded Content across relevant social channels. Media Company can review social Key Performance Indicators (KPI's) specific for Advertiser.
Campaign Management:
Targeted promotions & dynamic optimization: In order to drive audience engagement across all pieces of content, Media Company will have a measurement plan in place that includes real time analytics managed through your dedicated program manager. The program manager will seek to dynamically optimize all promotional tactics in real time toward the best possible performing placements across desktop and mobile. All promotional placements will run in relevant content sections (aside from homepage and section fronts) to drive reader response.
Reporting: Media Company will provide content and promotional unit reporting.
Use of Branded Content by Advertiser:
Advertiser may distribute the Branded Content (including videos if applicable) on the below channels as long as there is either attribution (which will be provided by Media Company) or a link back to the Branded Content. If there is a link to the Branded Content attribution is not required. Headlines and images that link back to Media Company do not require attribution. Only when the Branded Content is hosted in its entirety by Advertiser, Advertiser must provide attribution.
Branded Content can only be hosted in its entirety after the first 30-days, and thereafter may be used on:
any Advertiser digital owned asset (website, emails, Advertiser app);
any non-owned platform where Advertiser has a presence (i.e., Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, social media sites, etc.); and
as part of the content in its advertising brand media campaign.
Distribution of the Branded Content (including videos) by Advertiser, is subject to the following conditions:
Branded Content (including videos) shall be distributed and/or displayed without any edits or modifications; and
Advertiser cannot attribute the Branded Content to USA TODAY or imply that the editorial or news staff of USA TODAY was involved in the creation of the articles or video. Advertiser can attribute the Branded Content to "GET Creative, a division of USA TODAY".
Labeling:
Media Company's legally approved label for custom content work is "Story From" which will be included in articles listicles, video, infographics, promotional units, and social media.
Cancellation Prior to Initial Campaign Launch Date.
Up to thirty (30) days prior to the first date of the campaign, Advertiser may cancel the campaign, with at least 30 days prior written notice to Media Company. Should the Advertiser cancel, it shall pay for any fees and costs associated with the Services completed up to the point of cancellation, and all non-cancellable costs and fees which are owed for third party contracts which cannot be cancelled.
If Advertiser is purchasing a Sponsorship of or receiving benefits in connection with a Publisher Event, as specified in the Advertising Commitment or the applicable Order, the terms and conditions below shall apply.
1. Cancellations. Sponsorship Fees (i.e., the amount listed on the Advertising Commitment) are non-refundable. Advertiser may not cancel or terminate its sponsorship. If an Event is cancelled by the Publisher and not rescheduled, the Advertiser may receive a refund of a portion of its Sponsorship Fee. The amount refunded will be determined after deducting (i) any non-refundable costs and expenses associated with the Event and (ii) any promotional advertising for the Event that has already been published or displayed. Any trade or complimentary advertising included in the Sponsorship Fee shall be forfeited.
2. Content and Creative. Publisher shall be solely responsible for creating all promotional materials (print and digital), signage, or program(s) for the Event or the Program. Advertiser shall be identified as a promotional sponsor of the Event or Program in the promotional materials, signage and program book (if applicable). Publisher has sole discretion to determine the volume, frequency, number of impressions of any advertising for the Event, placement of advertising (print and/or digital) and positioning of Advertiser's name. Publisher has sole discretion to determine if any radio, TV or billboard advertising will be provided.
3. Limit of Liability. Publisher is not liable for any interruption, error or omission regarding any advertising (print, online, or other media). Publisher is not liable for cancellation or rescheduling of an Event, due to unavailability of the venue where the Event is being held or due to circumstances beyond its control.
4. Advertising Value. The advertising value being provided to Advertiser shall apply solely to advertising and promoting the Event. Unused advertising will expire on the expiration date the sponsorship and will be forfeited. Advertising value cannot be bartered, sold, transferred to, or used, in whole or in part, by any third party. The advertising value may not be used to fulfill any other advertising commitment between Advertiser and Publisher.
5. Renewal Option. If the Sponsorship is for an annual Event, program, product, or service, the parties must agree in writing upon the terms of the renewal at least thirty (30) days prior to the end of the current Sponsorship. The renewal terms shall be stated in a new Advertising Commitment or Order.
6. Insurance. If the Sponsorship includes the Advertiser attending the Event (as exhibitor or vendor) to market its products and services, the Advertiser shall maintain insurance issued by a company reasonably acceptable to Publisher, for the following insurance: (i) commercial general liability insurance, including coverage for property damage, personal injury, or death in an amount of not less than One Million Dollars ($1,000,000) per occurrence; (ii) automobile liability insurance in an amount of not less than One Million Dollars ($1,000,000) per occurrence; (iii) worker's compensation insurance in amounts as statutorily required; (iv) product liability insurance in an amount of not less than $1,000,000 per occurrence for bodily injury, illness, and property damage combined; and (v) professional liability insurance in amount of not less than One Million Dollars ($1,000,000) per occurrence. A copy of the certificate(s) of insurance, naming the Publisher, Gannett Co., Inc., and its subsidiaries and affiliates as additional insureds, shall be provided to Publisher prior to the Event.
7. Publicity. Any press releases or public announcements regarding the Sponsorship which will include Publisher's name, are subject to Publisher's prior review and approval. Such approval may be granted or denied in Publisher's sole discretion.
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Posts Tagged ‘Stalybridge History’
Cocker Hill, Autumn 2014
Posted in Cocker Hill Today, tagged Cocker Hill, Stalybridge History on November 21, 2014| 8 Comments »
Here are a few photographs of Cocker Hill taken over the last month or two; they remind me of the gorgeous Autumn sunshine and warm yellow light. The warmth and sunshine seem long gone today.
I feel very fortunate to live in such a beautiful place.
New photos – Old St Georges
Posted in Old Photos of Cocker Hill, Old St Georges Church, tagged Archive photos, Cocker Hill, Stalybridge History on November 15, 2014| 10 Comments »
I had a visitor today, Brian Longden, a gentleman who had once been in the choir at Old St Georges Church. He brought around a few photos for me to copy and share on the blog. Wasn’t that kind? I’ll also add the photos to the relevant posts about the church and churchyard but wanted to get them up now so that regular reader can see them straight away.
Above is the third, and final, Old St Georges Church, Cockerhill. The photo was taken pre 1939 as the churchyard railings are shown and these were taken down and smelted in World War II. I love the street lamp. Cocker Hill still has a number of old street lamps, but none as nice as this.
Above is the same church building. I think this photo was taken in the late 1960s just before demolition. The illuminated cross, shining out over Stalybridge was well known at the time. Someone recently commented on facebook that they were glad when the church and the cross were demolished as they interfered with the TV reception locally!
This is the interior of the church, it’s very grand isn’t it. The windows must have looked spectacular. I understand that the choir were either side of the pulpit, male choristers on one side women on the other.
This font has now been moved to New St Georges Church, but is pictured here in its original home at Old St Georges.
NOTE Photos copied and reproduced by kind permission of Brian Longden.
As usual, please read the comments below and add your own if you have any memories of or connections to Old St Georges Church or Cocker Hill in general. I’d love to hear from you.
Posted in Cocker Hill People, tagged John Buckley, Stalybridge History on March 3, 2013| 33 Comments »
Weavers’ Cottages
Posted in Weavers' Cottages, tagged Cocker Hill, Old St Georges Church, Stalybridge History, stalybridge in old photographs, Weavers' Cottages on March 3, 2013| 6 Comments »
Weavers’ Cottages Cocker Hill, stalybridge
I’ve been fortunate to become friends with Kate at the StalyMag. She asked me to write about the above photo for a new feature in the StalyMag called Past Staly. The photo is predictably of Cocker Hill. I thought it was unusual as it features the Weavers’ Cottages, rather than the Church, which seems to be a feature of most old photos of the area. It may be that the Church had been demolished before the photo was taken.
It was interesting to write for the magazine; what do you write when asked to write a few words about a photo? My initial thoughts were to write about the difference between the archive photo and the current one, but the reality is there aren’t too many differences. The there are more cars now, the windows have changed but thankfully the Cottages still look similar.
Weavers’ Cottages, Cocker Hill, Stalybridge 2013
The article I wrote is below… What do you think?
This is the first in a new series of archive photos of Stalybridge that we plan to feature over the next couple of months.
The photo is of Cocker Hill, Stalybridge; I’d guess that the picture was taken in the early 1960s.
The Cottages in the centre of the picture are now over 250 years old; we can’t date them exactly but they were first sold in 1750. They were looking over Stalybridge when Stalybridge when Stalybridge contained just 34 houses* and are still there now.
They are known as Weavers Cottages as their owners were wool weavers who worked in their home. The cottages were originally just one room deep with the family generally living and sleeping on the ground floor. Wool was carded and spun on the first floor by the women and children and was woven into cloth by the man of the house using a hand loom on the third floor. There would not have been a bathroom or running water inside the house. The small windows on the top floor of the photo are called mullion windows. The cottages would probably originally have had mullion windows on all levels to allow plenty of light into the cottages to work by.
The house on the far left of the photo was demolished as part of the “post war slum clearance”. The house, and others like it, were replaced by Blandford Court age exclusive accommodation and many of the occupants were rehoused on the Hague Estate by New St Georges Church.
*1795 Census.
I’ve included a few links below, click through if you want to see more about the occupants of the Cottages or about the domestic production of woollen cloth.
Census returns 25-31 Cocker Hill
Cloth production before the factories
And both the Portland Basin and Saddleworth Museums are also worth a visit if you are in the area.
Walking Guide “The Ridge Hill Trail” (includes section on Cocker Hill)
Posted in Uncategorized, tagged Bohemia Cottages, Cocker Hill, Old St Georges Church, Old St Georges Churchyard, Rock Cottage, Stalybridge History on August 26, 2010| Leave a Comment »
1977 Walking guide to Cocker Hill and beyond.
My husband found the Ridge Hill Trail guide in the library last week. The whole trail is about three miles long and makes a full circuit around the Tame Valley, including a trip up Cocker Hill. Not sure if the whole circuit is passable now as the guide was published in 1977.
I enjoyed reading the section on Cocker Hill, and as it provides such a good introduction to the area, I have copied it out so that everyone can see it. Hopefully it doesn’t breach the copy right as it is a small excerpt from the whole guide and only really here as the guide is no longer generally available.
The trail starts from Stalybridge Bus Station.
“Leave Bus Station via King Street, walk up the steps, and turn right along Stamford Street, crossing the road at the pelican crossing. Walk down the hill and turn left up a cobbled path just before the stone bridge.
On your left are Bohemia Cottages, dated 1721. The name “Bohemia” may have been adopted because the view along the Tame Valley at this point is similar to the views along the Elbe, a river flowing through Bohemia noted for its sheer hillsides. The Germanic style of Old St George’s may have enhanced this association.
Note the lion and sun reliefs on the cottage walls. In Roman times these were symbols of the Persian sun-god Mithras, a favourite of the Roman legionaries. One Roman road to Melandra is thought to have crossed the river below these cottages.
Go up the steps to the Churchyard
Cocker Hill, from a photograph taken about 1910
This is Cocker Hill churchyard, the site of the first church in Stalybridge. Built in 1776, the first St George’s church collapsed only two years later. The foundations of the recently demolished church can be clearly seen. There have been three churches built on this site, all of which have been of an octagonal design known as the Galilee pattern.
At the top of the churchyard, beside the foundations of the old church is the grave of Neddy Hall. In 1776 Neddy Hall built the first cotton mill in Lancashire. It stood in Wood Street, Stalybridge, near the Bus Station. At that time Ashton-Under-Lyne extended as far as the River Tame. Neddy Hall was the first to use steam power in a Lancashire mill. This small 6hp beam engine was probably of the design produced by James Watt, the most reliable at the time. The tall chimney needed to disperse the engine’s flue gases was nicknamed “Sootpoke” and was the first of many which would soon dominate the Stalybridge Skyline.
On your left, overlooking the churchyard, you can see some of the weavers’ cottages. The top floor, with its mullioned windows designed to give an even light, was utilised for weaving and spinning, leaving the first floor free for treating fibres. The ground floor was used for domestic purposes.
A Mullion is a vertical bar dividing lights in a window.
Before the Industrial Revolution the textile industry was worked on a small scale, with the whole family involved in the production of clothes. Mother and daughter would be spinning while younger children and grandparents “carded” the raw material, and father wove the yarn. As weaving was the quickest of the processes, the father would have been left with time to farm a small plot of land. These people were known as yeoman clothiers.”…………………………………….
The trail then continues up Ridge Hill.
Cocker Hill Academy
Posted in Uncategorized, tagged Cocker Hill, cocker hill school, John Bradbury, Stalybridge History on July 18, 2010| 3 Comments »
Way before Micheal Gove and the Academies Bill there was the Cocker Hill Academy.
The Cocker Hill Academy was the only recorded school in Stalybridge back in the 1700’s.
John Bradbury the botanist was educated at the Cocker Hill Academy by John Taylor. Taylor was a keen botanist himself and encouraged Bradbury’s interest.
Below is an advert I found for the school from 1807. James Knight was Principal and taught “reading, writing, arithmetic, grammar, geography, history, mensuration (The act, process, or art of measuring), drawing and penmanship” his wife looked after the girls department and taught “plain and useful sewing, knitting, embroidery etc”. The address is given as Blandford Street, Stalybridge. James Knight kept a diary from the mid 1850’s until 1862, some of them have survived and are available to view at Tameside Local Studies Library
Advertisement for the Cocker Hill Academy
“Old” St Georges Church, Cocker Hill
Posted in Old St Georges Church, St Georges Churchyard, tagged Bygone Stalybridge, Cocker Hill, Isac Newon France, New St Georges, Old St Georges Church, Old St Georges Churchyard, Rev Cape Atty, St Georges, Stalybridge History, stalybridge in old photographs on July 6, 2010| 27 Comments »
When we moved on to Cocker Hill, Stalybridge many years ago people kept telling us “there used to be a church there” or “The old church fell into the river” etc. I did a little research and found that they were correct, but there had not been just one church though, there had been three, all built in a similar style. The first was built in 1776. It was the first recorded church in Stalybridge and it did fall down shortly after it was built. The next church was demolished around a hundred years later because of structural problems and the last church was demolished in the 1960’s as it was no longer used.
The first Church of St. George, Cocker Hill
I have detailed the history of the three churches below; you might need to get a cup tea though I think this is going to be fairly long post. The history of the churchyard is interesting too, especially the tales of the body snatchers.
Prior to the building of the Cocker Hill Chapel the people had to walk to either Ashton or Mottram to get to church, not too bad in Summer but it must have been a fairly muddy journey in winter. The church officials in Ashton realised that this was a problem and set about looking for a possible site for a church in Stalybridge.
The site of the church was first sold on 5 May 1698 for £1001.2s.0d. The site measured three acres of “Cheshire large measure” and was described in the deed as “a chance close, a parcel of land”. Nothing was made of the land at that time.
On 30th June 1774 Lord Stamford agreed with the church Commissioners to allow the land to be used to be used for a church. Money for the building was raised by public subscription and by various grants and gifts.
The church was consecrated in July 1776 as “Chapel of St. George in Staly Bridge within Ridgehill and Lanes in the parish of Ashtonunderlyne” (Note how Stalybridge was then two words and Ashton Under Lyne was then one.)
The Rev James Wardleworth was appointed as the first vicar in April 1777. The first Baptisms was recorded were held 28 July 1776 and the first burial in the graveyard took place on 16 January 1777.
The next information I can find for the church is a return made by the church to the articles of enquiry of 1778 sent out by the Bishop of Chester. One question asked about the church services. James Wardleworth answered it as follows:- ” My Chapel had ye Misfortune of Tumbling down on Friday 15th May, 1778 and it is uncertain when it will be rebuilt………”
It appears that the church was rebuilt quickly. I can find no record of the date though. The new church looked very similar to the previous one.
The second St Georges Church on Cocker Hil
Rev James Wardleworth resigned 4 October 1790 and was succeeded Rev John Robinson on 1 April 1791.
Rev Robinson resigned 9 October 1795 and was succeeded by Rev John Kenworthy 25 September 1796.
John Kenworthy was the vicar for 11 years until he died 13th August 1806.He was just 34 when he died. He was buried in the Cocker Hill churchyard with his wife and Children. The burial records for his family made sad reading. He had a son william who died March 1815 aged 8, a daughter Ellen who died in December 1815 aged 15. His wife Elizabeth died in March 1818 and his other daughter Sarah died in aged just 19 in February 1819.
Rev John Cape Atty was licenced on 11th April 1807. Cape Atty lived on Cocker Hill, opposite the church. In the returns submitted to the Bishop he describes his house as a substantial stone building, with stable and cow-house on the premises. Also a garden” Cape Atty remained vicar until he died in 1822. His memorial stone remains in the Cocker Hill churchyard.
Rev Isaac Newton France was appointed in 1822. France was previously a curate in Ashton. He was reported as creating sects and divisions throughout the church. Things did not seem to go any better for him in Stalybridge and it was reported that “The Chapel at Cocker Hill under his incumbency was deserted to a great extent”. In the year prior to Newton France’s appointment there were reported to be 450 people in regular attendance.
In 1835 Newton France asked the church’s patron, the Earl of Stamford, to close the existing Chapel, due to its bad repair, and build a new one on a different site. I think he though a bigger newer church would get him a bigger congregation. The Earl agreed and purchased the land on the Hague Stalybridge. The foundation stone was laid for the new church 1st September 1838. The church was completed and consecrated 24 June 1840. The new church was called the church of St George, same name as the Cocker Hill Chapel as it was the intention that it the new church replaced the old one; however this was not the case.
The new church, known locally as “New” St Georges, had a capacity of 1,500 people, but with Newton France in charge the congregation was small and it never reached anything near its intended target. Parish records show that the congregation fell as low as six or seven on a regular basis.
Back at the Cocker Hill chapel, known locally as “Old” St Georges, the people were opposed to the idea of closing the church. They petitioned the Bishop to keep the church open and offered to pay for a new vicar to be found. The Bishop gave them permission to make the church safe and good. They did this and even bought a new organ. On the 29th September 1843 Old St Georges re opened with new vicar Rev William Hall. The old Church went from strength to strength and the congregation increased back to the 450 it had been in Cape Attys time.
Then in November 1844 Newton France announced that he intended to leave New St Georges and take up possession of Old St Georges on 1 January 1846.
I think that this decision was mainly due to pew rents and endowments. Basically Old St Georges was making more money than New St Georges and Newton France wanted a piece of it. Because of the difficulties with Newton France Hall resigned from Old St Georges in July 1846 and also resigned as a vicar which seems a shame as it sounds like he was a pretty good one.
Things then went from bad to worse. The newspaper reports at the time implied that Newton France was only returning to old St Georges for financial reasons. He applied to the Church wardens for the keys to the church in August 1846 but his request “was resolutely refused no matter what the consequences”. Newton France then threatened legal proceedings and was told by the Church Wardens that should he insist on returning to the chapel, the congregation would leave and take their organ with them! The Church remained closed. The local MP Mr Tollmache became involved and put the matter before Parliament for debate.There followed a turbulent year with the Churchwarden’s supporters and Newton France’s supporters regularly breaking into the church, changing the locks and taking control of the church.
Newspaper reports at the time suggested that at certain periods on a Sunday in 1847 there were upwards of 2000 people collected in and around the chapel to see what was going on. The week after there were reported to be 3000-4000 people watching to see what would happen next.
By 1849 the church was reported to be very dilapidated, most of the lower windows were broken and the doorway was smashed beyond repair. There did not seem to be any resolution in sight. In May 1850 Isaac Newton France died. A coroners inquest gave a verdict of “death by natural causes”.
Following the death of Newton France the Bishop of Manchester appointed a new vicar at old St Georges, Rev John Leeson. Leeson had taken over new St Georges after Newton France and had grown and gained the respect of the congregation there. The Bishop hoped that he would help heal the problems in old St Georges.
The Second Old St Georges with surrounding buildings. This photo was taken some time after 1848 when Wakefield Road Baptist Church, the Church on the top left of the picture, was built.
Leeson continued to have many problems with the churchwardens at old St Georges so perhaps all the trouble at old St Georges wasn’t Newton France’s fault. Leeson appeared to deal with them better though and won in the end. John Leeson continued at old St Georges until his death in August 1867. His memorial in the Cocker Hill churchyard is still visible and says; “This Monument was erected by many friends and is sacred to the memory of John Edmund Leeson who for 16 years was incumbent of this church……”.
Rev John B Jelly Dudley was appointed vicar in 1867 and continued for 34 years until his death in 1904. He was described as a “flamboyant figure with a great sense of humour”
In February 1877 it was reported that an “alarming landslip occurred at old St Georges churchyard” part of the churchyard had collapsed down the hill and exposed number of coffins. News of the landslip spread rapidly and hundreds of people lined the Stamford Street Bridge to try to see what had happened.
In 1880 and 1881 church records show that “cracks had begun to appear in the south west corner of the building” The cracks got bigger and on 10th July 1882 the church was officially closed for safety reasons.
In 1886 a contract was drawn up to construct a new church on the same site. The new church was octagonal as the previous ones but the roof and windows were different.
The third “old” St. Georges Church, Cocker Hill
The church was re opened in 1888 and was described by the local paper as “an improvement on the old”
In 1904 old St Georges gained a new vicar; Rev Herbert Hampson. He was well liked and introduced both a dramatic society and an athletic society to the church. He continued as vicar until he died in September 1924. Hampson was succeeded by Rev Frank Augustine Whitehead who was vicar from 1924 to 1937. Whitehead was described as “a great encouragement” and was a supporter of the dramatic society and was the only vicar known to perform in the dramatic productions.
The next vicar was Rev Reginald Hugh Cadman who stayed 7 years and appeared to have a fairly uneventful time at the church.
Cadman was succeeded in 1946 by Rev Charles James Saunders. Tragically Saunders committed suicide two years after taking over the church. Saunders had received the Military Cross for service during the First World War and it was thought that he had suffered from Shell shock. His time at the church was a strange one; not long after he arrived many of the parishioners of the church began to receive defamatory and insulting letters. Though none of the accusations in the letters were true they caused upset in the congregation and the police were called. The police noted that all the letters that had been typed were typed on the vicar’s typewriter and the letter that had been handwritten was in the vicar’s handwriting.
The next vicar was Rev William George McGowan was appointed in 1949. He was a “much loved and admired” vicar but decided to move on after just four years. At that point talk began again of closing old St Georges.
Rev John Penrose was appointed in 1954 and he stayed just three years. The building had fallen into disrepair again and cracks had begun to appear in the North wall. Architects’ reports showed that there were serious problems with the building and that is perhaps one of the reasons why John Penrose left the church.
In 1958 Rev William Radcliffe was appointed vicar and he too stayed just three years.
Third Old St Georges Church in the late 1950s/1960s. Note the cross on the wall which was illuminated at night.
Radcliffe was succeeded in 1962 by the last vicar of old St Georges Rev Micheal Hodge. Hodge remained vicar for five years until the church closure in 1967. Records show over 150 attended the final service in September 1967 and 80 attended the farewell dinner.
A great deal of effort was extended to try to preserve the building. In 1967 the Stalybridge Civic Society were interested in turning the building into a theatre. The Bishop agreed and said the building would be given as a gift to the town on condition that it would be maintained in a dignified manner. Unfortunately nothing came of this and the building was demolished.
Prior to demolition the majority stained glass windows were moved into storage; unfortunately they were later destroyed b a fire. The “Ruth and Naomi” window was moved to Mottram Parish Church. A number of the pews went to Holy Trinity, Bardsley, the Church Bell went to the Church of St Stephen, Astley and the font went to new St Georges in Stalybridge. The wooded reredos were sold to the Ealing FilmStudios along with one or two pews. The reredos was used on the set of the film “Cromwell”
The Cocker Hill churchyard remains today and you can still see the outline of old St Georges and the memorials to Rev Leeson and Rev Cape Atty.
New St Georges continues to be a living church. Website http://www.stg.org.uk/
Two into On will Go by Paul Denby ISBN 0 9515993 0 5
Looking back at Stalybridge ISBN 0904506150
Burial Records Old St Georges
If you want to know more I can definitely recommend the book “Two into one will go” by Paul Denby ISBN 0 9515993 0 5. The book has the full history of both churches together with a full chapter on the battle between Isaac Newton France and the ChurchWardens. There is also an account of the battle between Isaac Newton France and the Churchwardens in the book “Looking back at Stalybridge” Edited by Alice Lock ISBN 0 9515993 0 5.
John Bradbury
Posted in Cocker Hill People, tagged blue plaque, Cocker Hill, John Bradbury, Stalybridge History on May 26, 2010| 2 Comments »
John Bradbury was a famous botanist; he didn’t live on Cocker Hill but was educated there by John Taylor, also a botonist, at the Cocker Hill Academy.
John Bradury was born in 1768 and began his career in the cotton mills. In 1809 he was sent to America to explore and to survey the potential of the colonies to supply cotton. Returning to England in 1812, Bradbury spent five years writing Travels in the Interior of America in the years 1809, 1810 and 1811 which gave apparently thrilling accounts of his adventures and life amongst the Indians. I found an online copy of Travels in the Interior of America on google docs. Not read it yet though!
Fed up with England he went back to America again. He was warmly welcomed back and he got a job as curator and superintendent of the botanical gardens of St Louis giving his family good prospects in a new home. In St Louis, Bradbury was often visited by Indian Chiefs whom he had met in the wild. Maybe this prompted his desire to revisit their haunts and in 1825 he undertook an expedition which proved to be his last. Whether he died through natural causes or by accident is unknown.
His grave is in Amercia.
John Bradbury's Gravestone
John Bradbury has a Blue Plaque to commemorate his life at the entrance to Stalybridge Country Park.
Further information can be found on Tameside MBC’s website –http://www.tameside.gov.uk/blueplaque/johnbradbury
Mary Kershaw
Posted in Cocker Hill People, tagged Cocker Hill, Mary Kershaw, St Paul's Church Stalybridge, Stalybridge History on May 26, 2010| Leave a Comment »
I found this reference about Mary Williamson (nee Kershaw) in information rearding the Lychgate at St Pauls Chuch on Huddersfield Road in Stalybridge. Mary grew up on Cocker Hill and the Lychgate into St Pauls was a gift from Mary and her husband Tomas to celebrate their Golden Wedding Anniversiary. The Lychgate was constructed in 1904. This story provides a nice contrast to my earlier post about Joel and Margaret Broadbent also of Cocker Hill.
Thomas Williamson came to Stalybridge from Rochdale in 1850 when he was about 22 and set up as a watchmaker and jeweller in the town where he met Mary Kershaw. She was the daughter of a tallow chandler in Cocker Hill, and they were soon married. Mary had a lifelong connection with St Paul’s – it was said that she was present as a child at the laying of the foundation stone of the church as well as at similar ceremonies at New St George’s and St John’s, Dukinfield.
For the rest of their lives she and her husband were highly involved with St Paul’s where Thomas was twice a church warden and a substantial benefactor, and Mary was “a devoted and loving friend” of the church and its people.
Thomas moved from the jewellery trade to establish a brass founding firm, initially near the present Post Office and then on Cocker Hill and finally in Tame Valley at the Atlas Works which became successful and flourished. He was also a director of Albion Mills Co. Ltd. when it was incorporated in 1883.
Thomas and Mary lived at Brookfield Villa in the lower part of Mottram Road. They planted and made themselves responsible for the upkeep of the roadside trees in Mottram Road in addition to many other good works for the town which Thomas had adopted. He was a councilor in 1866-9 and again in 1879-85 and was a Justice of the Peace from 1880 onwards. He retired at 62 and devoted the rest of his life to philanthropic, public and religious work quietly and unostetatiously. His chief religious interest was St Paul’s where he was “devotedly engrossed, and with money, advice and labour did all he could to forward the good work of the Church”.
It seems that Thomas and Mary loved and were devoted to God, Stalybridge, St Paul’s and each other, but remained childless. When Mary died on Christmas Day 1909, aged 79, Thomas declared that he would die at Christmas to – he passed away two years later on December 13 aged 81.
There is no doubt that they, more than many of their contemporaries, made their mark on Stalybridge
Shocking Domestic Tragedy on Cocker Hill – Joel Broadbent
Posted in Cocker Hill People, tagged Captain Bates, Cocker Hill, Joel Broadbent, Margaret Broadbent, Stalybridge History on May 26, 2010| Leave a Comment »
This story appeared in the Ashton Reporter on 22 August 1903 under the headline
SHOCKING DOMESTIC TRAGEDY AT STALYBRIDGE
A Wife Charged With Murdering Her Husband.
Stalybridge was on Tuesday night thrown into a scene of the wildest excitement upon a rumour being circulated that a woman had made a murderous attack upon her husband with a knife, and that there was little hope of his recovery. The report only too true, for within about twelve hours of the perpetration of the deed the unfortunate husband had succumbed to haemorrhage, following upon loss of blood caused by a terrible wound in the neck.
The deceased was Joel BROADBENT, a forgeman employed at Messrs Summers’ Globe Ironworks, and he resided with his wife, Margaret BROADBENT, and two children, at a cottage, No 3 Cocker Hill, a short distance from the Town Hall. At nine o’clock — it appears from the statement of Mrs BROADBENT’s mother (Mrs Margaret DOCKNEY, who resided with the parties) — deceased arrived home and he and his wife exchanged a few heated words.
At that time there were two knives on the table, and fearing a disturbance Mrs DOCKNEY cleared the table of the pots. Whilst doing this it is alleged that her daughter picked up one of the knives — an ordinary weapon used for peeling potatoes — and stabbed her husband in the neck. What subsequently transpired is best gleaned from the account furnished by Constable Brierley GRIMSHAW.
This officer was on duty in the vicinity of the Town Hall when he saw BROADBENT knocking vigorously at Dr ROBERTS-DUDLEY’s surgery door. GRIMSHAW proceeded to ascertain the cause, and at once discovered that the man was bleeding profusely from an awful wound in the neck. The doctor not being at the house, the constable hurriedly conveyed the unfortunate man to Dr CLEMENTS’ surgery in Portland Place, and upon arriving there, BROADBENT utterly collapsed from loss of blood
By this time information of the tragic events had reached the Town Hall, and the poor man was conveyed in an unconscious state to the District Infirmary in the horse ambulance. Later on he recovered consciousness, but succumbed the following morning as stated.
THE WIFE IN CUSTODY
From what the deceased man said, Constable GRIMSHAW afterwards went to a house in Avon-street, and there arrested Mrs BROADBENT. He took her to the police station, and she was locked up. After midnight the man’s dying depositions were taken at the Infirmary by Mr Jno WHITEHEAD (magistrates’ clerk) who was accompanied by Dr HOWE, JP, and Captain BATES (Chief Constable), and we understand that a very clear statement incriminating the prisoner was made.
PRISONER BEFORE THE MAGISTRATES
Mrs BROADBENT was brought before the justices on Wednesday morning, at 10.30, her husband having died less than half an hour before the woman was transferred from the cell to the dock. The court was crowded, and as the prisoner, along with others for trial, was lead into the dock breathless silence prevailed, broken only by an occasional whimper on the part of Mrs BROADBENT.
One or two minor cases were disposed of, after which the Magistrates’ Clerk called upon the woman to stand up. She complied instantly. She stood against the dock rail, wearing a blue shawl over her head and shoulders, and only displayed a portion of her countenance as the Chief Constable asked the magistrates to hear formal evidence of arrest, and then remand prisoner for a week. In the meantime, added Captain BATES, the inquest would be held, and the woman would have to attend it.
Constable GRIMSHAW then came forward and said: Your worships, I arrested prisoner in a house in Avon-street at five minutes to nine o’clock last night. Just previously, I met deceased, bleeding profusely. I asked him who had caused the wound and he replied, “My wife, with a knife.” Upon charging her, she replied, “Yes; and if I had got a weapon I would serve you the way I served him. I don’t care what they do; I’m not afraid to die!” She was then locked up.
I have Ian Rhodes to thank for finding this story and highlighting it on his Yesterdays website. I find old newspaper stories fascinating. They really bring the past alive to me. Not sure if I’d have liked Cocker Hill then though; it sounds a little rougher than it is now.
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Taxes Commentary
Chamber of Commerce, Wrong Again
By Donald Cohen. Published in the Los Angeles Times. May 19, 2011.
Every year since 2003, the California Chamber of Commerce publishes its hit list of proposed legislation it labels “job killers.” The list includes legislation to protect consumers, workers and the environment from irresponsible business practices, or raise revenues to fund public services, or support middle and working class families.
FLASHBACK: In 1993, GOP Warned That Clinton’s Tax Plan Would ‘Kill Jobs,’ ‘Kill The Current Recovery’
By Pat Garofalo. Published in Think Progress. August 10, 2010.
The Bush tax cuts of 2001 and 2003 are scheduled to expire at the end of the year, and President Obama, just as he did on the campaign trail, has proposed renewing the cuts for all but those in the highest two income tax brackets, allowing tax rates for the wealthiest two percent of Americans to reset to the rate at which they were under President Clinton.
Republicans, however, want to renew all of the cuts, and have been apoplectic about Obama’s plan, claiming that it will kill jobs and cripple small businesses. “This is about stopping a job-killing tax hike on small businesses during tough economic times,” said Sen. Orrin Hatch (R-UT). “You can’t raise taxes in the middle of a weak economy without risking a double dip in the recession,” said House Minority Leader John Boehner (R-OH).
If these warnings about double-dip recessions and job-killing tax increases sound vaguely familiar, that’s because they are. TaxVox yesterday pointed to a couple of quotes from Republicans in 1993 employing very similar rhetoric as today’s Republicans, with then Senate Minority leader Bob Dole (R-KS), claiming that “half the tax increase because of the rate increases is going to be paid by small business and they’re not rich,” which is the same false argument employed by today’s Senate Minority Leader, Mitch McConnell (R-KY).
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The Center for the Study of Biracial Children
CSBCHome.org
A New Approach to Multicultural Education For Children, Birth through Age Eight
July 2, 2014 fwardle Uncategorized No comments
Francis Wardle, PhD
All three of the early childhood classes that I teach at a local community college include in their syllabi content on diversity and multicultural education. However, in two of these classes I refuse to address the topic, because, as I explain to the students, I simply believe the way multicultural education is taught today is incorrect, and not at all helpful to teachers, children, and families. In fact I believe the way it is taught perpetuates some of the problems it is supposed to address. In the third class that I teach, I spend a full day on multicultural education (the class is offered every Saturday during the semester). We begin by deconstructing common multicultural concepts such as race, ethnicity, culture, and diversity. We then progress to a discussion about how multicultural education should look like in early childhood programs and classrooms.
I believe that the traditional approach to multiracial education taught in America’s colleges and universities, and in schools and early childhood programs, is outdated and desperately needs to be revised. Not only does it totally ignore the needs of multiracial and multiethnic children and their families (something that is obviously contradictory in any approach to diversity in our education programs), but it focuses on single-group belonging, while reinforcing stereotypes and creating an us versus them mentality in many of the students – and some of the parents.
In this article I attempt to describe my vision of multicultural education for programs that serve children, age birth through age eight. The article includes three sections: 1) a very brief history of multicultural education in the US; 2) problems that exist with the traditional approach to multicultural education, and 3) a detailed description of the new approach to multicultural education. This is my first attempt at articulating my multicultural model, so it is fairly simplistic, and will need refinement. Furthermore, while I focus on the early childhood period, many of the concepts apply to the k-12 school curriculum. Finally, while my own focus is on the needs of multiracial and multiethnic children and their families, I deeply believe that any multicultural education approach that does not positively include, embrace and empower multiracial and multiethnic children is fundamentally flawed in many other ways, and thus is not appropriate also for children with a single-race or ethnic heritage.
Two subjects that are discussed in this article will not be found in regular multicultural texts and articles, because they are problems that are unique to the early childhood field: the need for increased pay and benefits for teachers and caregiver of young children, and advocacy for more men in the field. These are social justice issues that simply cannot be ignored in any discussion of multicultural education for children, birth through age eight.
Brief History of Multicultural Education in America
Multicultural education in America developed from the turbulent 1960s: the civil rights movement, the women’s movement, and the counterculture. The civil rights movement challenged the white-superiority view of American society and culture, and finally eliminated the Jim Crow laws. Minorities took their place within major American institutions, including education. The women’s movement challenged the male-dominated approach to American society, including the content taught in schools and the official school curriculum. The counter culture, which operated somewhat parallel to (but also interacted with) the civil rights movement, challenged all traditional American values, including racism, segregation, and prejudice. One result of the counter culture was the free/open school movement of the 1960s-1980s.
In the beginning multicultural education included specific racial groups in American history: African Americans, Asians, and Native Americas (at that time the Hispanics were combined with other people from Europe or with a minority group, depending on the person’s origin and what they looked like)(Wardle & Cruz-Janzen, 2004). Soon after its inception, women were added; then in 1975 – with the passage of a new federal law – people with disabilities were included in multicultural education (a final blow to the eugenics movement, which is a powerful and disturbing part of America’s racist past). Today multicultural education also includes sexual orientation and sexual identity, people who do not speak English, low-come families, and people of non-Christian religious faiths (Banks & Banks, 2013; Nieto & Bode, 2012; Pai, Adler, & Shadiow, 2006).
Thus multicultural education focuses on groups that historically were marginalized in American society, and then continually added new under-served groups as they became active and demanded full participation in American society (except, curiously, the multiracial movement). Multicultural education developed at the college level, then was adopted by k-12 education, and finally included in preschool programs. To this day, almost all multicultural writers, lecturers, and ‘experts’ reside at the college level, including those who write multicultural texts for the early childhood field.
Problems with Today’s Multicultural Education
Over the years there has been considerable criticism of multicultural education (Bloom, 1987; Hirsch, 1987). However, this article is less about criticizing multicultural education (which I fully support), than it is in suggesting a new approach that builds on the foundation of the traditional multicultural model. However, the overall multicultural approach has not changed much since the 1960s, and it is simply time to make some important improvements and advancements. Problems with the current, traditional multicultural approach include:
• It was developed at the college level, and then pushed down to k-12. Further, most of the scholarship, theoretical constructs, and theories about multicultural education emanate from college departments of sociology and ethnic studies, rather than psychology, education, and anthropology. This poses many problems, including a focus on groups, power relationships, and racial politics, rather than on child development, individual differences in learning and development, educational processes and constructs, and pedagogy.
• An approach that is confused about the purpose of American public education. Since the inception of public education in America (and other countries, for that matter) there has been great debate about its purpose (Wiles & Bondi, 2011). Further, there are many schools of multicultural education, each with their own goals and objectives. However, all seem to have no real understanding about public schools in general. For example, one book uses the subtitle, honoring diversity; another, honoring differences, and a third, affirming diversity, yet the very function of public schools throughout the world is to unify a country that is comprised of people with a vast amount of different allegiances, cultures, and histories (language and religion, and racial, ethnic, and tribal affiliations, and so on) into one unified, national identity (Wiles & Bondi, 2011). In the last part of the 19th and most of the 20th century, American public schools were charged with implementing the great American melting pot (Pai, Adler, & Shadiow, 2006). True, there were problems with this idea – but these problems were more about American society than about the schools – and the fact remains that schools have never been about highlighting peoples’ differences. Certainly, how public schools unite a nation’s diverse population is debatable, but not the need to provide this national unity. (It is, however, somewhat comical that the various attempts by public schools to match students’ different strengths and abilities through charter schools is totally rejected by most multiculturalists (Nieto & Bode, 2012).
• An unquestioning acceptance and support of the racial and ethnic categories created and used by the US government to count and sort its population. To me, this is unfathomable! The very government that produced the near total genocide of Native Americans, supported slavery, instituted and supported the Jim Crow laws, and nurtured and perpetuated eugenics, is now viewed by multiculturalists as the arbitrator of racial and ethnic identities!
• A group approach. As already pointed out, the original multicultural approach was developed from a civil rights and social movement that focused on the rights of people belonging to underserved and disenfranchised groups. And this made a great deal of sense. However, the current approach to diversity still focuses on groups (Banks & Banks, 2013; Nieto & Bode, 2012). There are many problems with this group approach, including, 1) it reinforces stereotypes – both internally and externally – about the people who belong to each group, 2) it marginalizes people who either do not belong to a specific US census category, or whose identity includes more than one group, and, 3) it encourages a group versus group mentality, which is very unhealthy, especially for developing minority children, and for fostering true acceptance and diversity in our schools. An individual’s identity includes many characteristics, including gender, race/ethnicity, language, family, religion and so on (West, 2001). During the first 8 years of development, the child actively constructs his/her unique identity, with the goal of developing a positive and healthy identity. Unfortunately, when we focus on single-racial and ethnic groups, there is a tendency to define identity in opposition to the white race: “I am not white”; “I don’t act white”, “I do not like white people’s music”, “I do not participate in white sports”, and so on.
• A focus on a single dimension of a person. None of us is one-dimensional; all of us have rich, complicated dimensions that include race and ethnicity, culture, language, national origin, abilities and disabilities, education, and so on (West, 2001). But, with the traditional approach to multicultural education, a highly gifted Black female student is always viewed as first and foremost Black. Further, the traditional approach does not allow the full, balanced integration of several important factors, such as a Native American boy who is skilled at computers and has a learning disability in reading.
The new approach for multicultural education of children, age birth through age eight, builds on the rich history of multicultural education. I focus on birth to age eight because this is the traditional early childhood age that I work with (teaching teachers at a community college), and because, in my view, the traditional approach is the least appropriate for this age child. The new approach involves eight interrelated concepts:
• Focus on the unique developmental needs of children, birth to eight years old;
• Advocate for the enhanced pay and benefits of early childhood caregivers and teachers;
• Advocate for more men in the early childhood field;
• Begin with the individual, and not the various groups the child belongs to;
• Advocate for bilingual education for all children;
• Focus on educational opportunity, and not educational outcomes;
• Stress high expectations of everyone, including the child and his/her parents, and
• Stress a whole-child approach and a focus on the arts, physical activities, and play.
Focus on the Unique Developmental Needs of Children, Birth through Age Eight
As already mentioned, multicultural education was originally developed for college curricula, then k-12 programs, and eventually for young children. Thus all of the multicultural books, articles, conference presentations, and so on, for young children, are simply pushed-down versions of k-12 approaches. As such, most are not developmentally appropriate and are not effective with this age child. For example, k-12 multicultural education places considerable emphasis on belonging to one of the official US census racial and ethnic categories (Banks & Banks, 2013; Nieto & Bode, 2012), yet we know children up to about age 8 to 9-years-of-age do not understand race and ethnicity as the social and political constructs that they are (Aboud, 1987). One reason for this lack of understanding is because young children are operating within Piaget’s preoperational stage, in which they discriminate between objects, people, and animals only using visual characteristics and cues (Piaget, 1952). Thus, if a child sees three people – a Native American, African American and Hispanic person – all with the same color skin, to the young child the three people are racially the same (Aboud, 1987). Further, much of the k-12 multicultural curriculum focuses on equality, oppression, prejudice, and racism – all complex concepts young children do not fully understand. Certainly they understand friendship, rejection, hurt, being cruel, and exclusion, but they do so as individual actions and behaviors, not as group attitudes and beliefs (Piaget, 1952).
A multicultural curriculum for young children should focus on affirmation and acknowledgement of everyone, making sure that every child and every family is represented in the classroom environment and in all curricular materials, and that there are lots and lots of opportunities for rich human contact between children and a vast variety of diverse, mature, and talented adults.
The focus should also be on how everyone is the same: everyone has emotions, dreams, fears, needs and wants. Approaches should be developed to help children move beyond people’s obvious unique physical characteristics to see how we are the same; to view how people feel and dream, as opposed to how they look and talk. Physical, cultural and behavioral differences should not be overlooked, but children need to focus on how each of us is, fundamentally, the same.
Increased Pay for Teachers and Caregivers of Young Children
Some educators may not see this as a multicultural issue; to me it is central to this discussion. Why? While college professors – those who write multicultural texts and articles – are well paid, and have secure benefits, early childhood caregivers and teachers are extremely poorly paid and generally lack benefits (Neugebauer, 2008). This is a multicultural issue, because,
• Most early childhood teachers and caregivers are women;
• Many early childhood caregivers and teachers are minority women; and
• Many early childhood teachers and caregiver are single parents.
Not only will increasing the salaries and benefits of early care and education teachers increase the social status of poor, and in some cases, single-parent women, many of whom are minority, but it will also provide good role models for young boys and girls in their early childhood programs. It will show them that minority woman can be successful; it will also increase the status of people who work in the early childhood field, who are currently viewed by many, including some college and k-12 teachers, as merely babysitters. Thus adequate pay and benefits for people who care for our youngest children is very much a multicultural issue.
Increase the Number of Men in the Early Childhood Field
Again, initially this would not seem like a multicultural issue, but it is. Ninety-seven percent of teachers and caregivers in early childhood programs are women; almost as many elementary school teachers are also women, and most early childhood directors and elementary school principals and other school personnel are also women (Neugebauer, 2008). This is a multicultural issue because, 1) men should have an equal opportunity to work with young children, if they so choose, and 2) both young boys and young girls need to have mature and stable male role models in their programs. As we know, many young children, especially minority children, do not have stable, mature male role models at home. Thus boys need models to use as they develop into responsible men, who will themselves have children; girls need positive male role models to use as they develop attraction to the opposite sex, and then enter into important relationships that will help define their adult lives.
It is fascinating to note that when there is underrepresentation of women or minorities in any profession, multiculturalists and civil rights activists are rightfully concerned. But when it comes to too few men, little is said, and nothing is done. Thus the new approach to multicultural education must make this a major goal.
Start with the Individual
Race, ethnicity, gender, disabilities, language, sexual orientation, abilities, learning styles, and other characteristics of a child are all very important components of their identity. However, they are not important in isolation; they gain importance as they dynamically interact with all other characteristics to create a unique individual (Wardle, 1996: West, 2001). Each child’s identity is unique; as such, the child is not an interchangeable cog in a racial or other identity group. Individuals are not defined by the group in which they belong; they are defined by all of their characteristics; by what Bronfenbrenner calls ecological contexts (1979). Race, ethnicity, language, gender, and so on are important contexts, but they are not the only ones.
In this model we begin with the individual. Then we add a variety of factors that contribute to that individual’s view of the world – the child’s identity (Wardle, 1996; West, 2001). However, each of these factors does not carry the same weight, and the influence of each factor on the child depends on many things, including the child’s age, home language, gender, socioeconomic status, number of siblings, and so on (West, 2001). Two central influences that directly affect the child’s identity are, 1) the social and cultural contexts in which the child lives and goes to school, and 2) the child’s increasing ability to think for him/herself, and construct his/her own view of the world.
This view of identity does not devalue the importance of race, ethnicity, gender, and other highly significant characteristics in American society in the 21st century. However, it 1) integrates all characteristics together into a unified, unique whole and 2) recognizes that the individual is in charge of processing his/her unique identity (Wardle, 1996; West, 2001).
This approach also proactively discourages the human temptation to view everyone as belonging to certain groups, with each group defining who the person is, what the person can do, and what the person cannot do; in other words, group stereotypes.
Regarding individual racial, ethnic, and tribal identity, this view encourages a mixed race/ethnicity personal identity, and deeply discourages the view of single, government assigned racial categories and hierarchies. This does not mean people should not proudly claim membership in specific groups; what it does mean is that claiming membership in one group, say African American, in no way requires an individual to reject membership in another group, say, their White heritage. Children are encouraged to select and identify with groups that represent who they are and with whom they feel a sense of belonging; however, they are also free to reject these memberships when they no longer serve their needs. And no-one – be it another child, teacher, or other adult – has the right to assign a child to a single racial group, and then to expect the child to exhibit certain values and behaviors based on group membership. This approach also provides ammunition for individuals to reject a single-race approach imposed by others, especially by peers.
The history and rationale for the creation and support of racial categories is all negative, beginning with the need to place people from Europe at the top of the human chain, and including a justification for slavery, persecution, and eugenics (Smedley, 2002). Today a single-race view of race and ethnicity is often used to marginalize families who have children with a variety of mixed-race heritage (Wallace, 2004). The time has come for all multiculturalists to advocate for the elimination of government-defined, single-race categories.
Focus on Equal Educational Opportunity
The focus of the civil rights movement and multicultural education was initially to provide equal opportunity to all Americans, specifically equal educational opportunities (Banks & Banks, 2013). This idea is deeply embedded within the overall American culture: to enable each person to fulfill their potential. The view was that each person is unique, with a unique set of skills and talents, and that education should enable a person to achieve their potential, regardless of their social, racial, linguistic or other characteristics (Wiles & Bondi, 2011).
However, many multiculturalists have changed their view to one of equal educational outcomes. The most obvious example is the federal legislation, No Child Left Behind, which seeks to reduce the academic achievement gap between Whites and Asians on one hand, and Blacks, Native Americans and Hispanics on the others hand. And this gap is determined by test scores. There are several problems with the outcome approach:
• Who decides on the outcomes that must be achieved? Are these outcomes meaningful to all of society, or are they a select view: i.e. college entrance?
• Everyone knows that human beings exhibit different skills and talents; we are not all the same. Further, no society needs everyone to be the same. An educational approach that requires all students to achieve the same levels in all curricular areas denies these realities.
• Those who decide on educational outcomes have determined that math, science, and literacy are the only important outcomes to be achieved. Many student s – including minority students – also excel in other areas – particularly in the critically important early years. The arts are very effective in creating important brain connections in the early years (Shonkoff & Phillips, 2000; Shore, 1997). Further, this focus on academics reduces time engaged in physical activities, and thus perpetuates childhood obesity, a disease impacting all children, but especially minority children.
• By focusing on educational outcomes, and then ensuring that all children will meet these outcomes, the educational establishment has taken on the full responsibility of educating children, and denied the critically important role of parents. The view is that parents are not needed in reducing this gap, only teachers and administrators, a view that is found throughout multicultural literature.
Stress High Expectations for all Students and all Parents
All multicultural texts express a desire for schools to have high expectations for all students, including minority, low income, and non-English speaking students (Banks & Banks, 2013; Nieto & Bode, 2012). These books particularly focus on teachers and administrators. Clearly this is very important, because expectations – both good and bad – become self-fulfilling prophecies (Nieto & Bode, 2012). I have some friends at the community college where I teach who are from different African countries. These Black female students are all pursuing degrees in petroleum engineering, in English, and will attend the most competitive engineering school in the Western US to earn their degrees. I wonder what the expectations of these students were from their parents and teachers.
However, many teachers I have spoken with complain that schools and early childhood programs do not have high expectations of low-income and minority students, and that schools and early childhood programs do not have high expectations of the parents of these students. Schools now require that teachers provide all sorts of documentation before they can fail a student; but parents do not have to provide any evidence of supporting their child’s learning. When my wife was a teacher, she would often receive complaints from parents – especially minority parents – when she had high academic and behavioral expectations of their children. And her administrators would always side with the parents and never the teacher.
In early childhood programs we are not only teaching children, but also teaching parents about our expectations. Thus early childhood programs have the critical responsibility to help all parents understand that the most powerful influence on their child’s academic success is parent involvement and support. Too often, schools and teachers misinterpret cultural competence as a lack of high student and parent expectations, which is an obvious form of discrimination. In many cases, excellence in education is sacrificed for a false sense of equality (Wiles & Bondi, 2011).
Advocate for Bilingual Education
One of the central concepts of multicultural education is teaching English to non-English-speaking students, although this is usually only advocated for students whose home language is Spanish (Nieto & Bode, 2012). I believe that true multicultural education should support the teaching of a second language to all students, beginning in preschool. And early childhood programs and schools should offer a variety of languages, including English, Russian, Chinese, Japanese, French and Portuguese. Parents should choose the second language they wish for their child to learn. The advantages of teaching a second language include:
• Advanced brain development, especially at the early age.
• Attracting more bilingual and multicultural teachers and other school staff.
• Valuing parents who speak another language, especially if they can help translate.
• Making American students globally competitive. It is rather strange that, with all the rhetoric about global competitiveness, politicians and educators have not advocated for bilingual programs.
• Creating a multilingual culture in early childhood programs and schools, where speaking a variety of different languages, by students, staff, and parents, is valued.
• Creating a multicultural climate in educational programs, because language is closely tied to culture (Nieto & Bode, 2012).
Use a Whole-child, Play-based Approach to Curriculum and Instruction
Unfortunately, as a result of the No Child Left Behind federal act, the new Core Curriculum Standards, and the increased focus on closing the academic achievement gap, early childhood and elementary school programs now focus only on teaching of academic skills. Students who struggle academically are often denied access to other important subjects, such as the arts and physical education.
And often these students are low-income and minority children. But, for a variety of complex reasons, these children often need the arts and physical activities more than their middle-class counterparts, especially during the early years (Shonkoff & Phillips, 2000)
Thus the multicultural approach for children, birth through age eight, should be a whole-child approach that includes all of the arts, lots of physical activities, many outdoor experiences, and lots of play. And no child should ever be denied these critically important experiences, either as a form of punishment (for any reason), because they struggle in academic areas, or because they have a disability or special need.
Multicultural education developed as a result of the civil right movement of the 1960s, the counter-culture movement, and the women’s movement. It began at the college level, and slowly moved to k-12 education, and then was finally adopted in early childhood education. Initially, multicultural education focused on race, gender, and disabilities in schools, using a whole-group approach to diversity. Today, a variety of other disenfranchised groups have been added, but the whole-group approach remains (Banks & Banks, 2013; Nieto & Bode, 2012).
This article argues that the traditional approach to multicultural education has many problems, and that now is the time to build on the traditional model, making changes to address a variety of areas that require a new and different approach. The revised approach to multicultural education focuses on the age, birth to eight years, because this age group requires a very different and unique approach to multicultural education. Within this time frame, eight new and improved multicultural concepts are suggested: 1) focus on the unique developmental and learning needs of children, birth to age eight; 2) advocate for enhanced pay and benefits for early childhood caregivers and teachers; 3) advocate for more men in early childhood and elementary education programs; 4) when it comes to a child’s identify, begin with the individual child and not the various groups to which the individual belongs; 5) advocate for bilingual education for all students, beginning in preschool; 6), focus on educational opportunity and not outcomes; 7) stress high expectations for everyone, including students and parents, and 8), use a whole-child approach that includes the arts, physical activities, and play.
Aboud, F. E. (1987). The development of ethnic self-identification and attitudes. In J. S. Phinney & M. J. Rotheram (Eds.), Children’s ethnic socialization: Pluralism and development (pp. 32-53). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Banks, J. A., & Banks, C. A. M (Eds.)(2013). Multicultural education: Issues and perspectives. (8th ed.). New York, NY: Wiley.
Bloom, A. (1987). The closing of the American mind. New York: Simon & Schuster.
Bronfenbrenner. U. (1979). The ecology of human development. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Hirsch, E. D. (1987). Cultural literacy: What every American needs to know. Boston, MA: Houghton-Mifflin.
Neugebauer, R. (2008). Early childhood education trend report. Exchange CD books. Redmond, WA: Exchange Press.
Nieto, S., & Bode, P. (2012). Affirming diversity: The sociopolitical context of multicultural education (6th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.
Pai, Y., Adler, S. A., & Shadiow, L. K. (2006). Cultural foundations of education (4th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.
Piaget, J. (1952). The origins of intelligence in children. New York: W.W. Norton.
Shonkoff, J. P., & Phillips, D. A. (Eds.)(2000). From neurons to neighborhoods: The science of early childhood development. Washington, DC: National Academy Press
Shore, R. (1997). Rethinking the brain: New insights into early development. New York: NY: Families and Work Institute.
Smedley, A. (2002). Science and the idea of race: A brief history. In J. M. Fish (Ed.), Race and intelligence: Separating science from myth (pp. 145-176). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Publishers.
Wallace, K. R. (Ed.) (2004). Working with multiracial children: Critical perspectives on research and practice. Greenwich, CT: Information Age Publishing.
Wardle, F. (1996). Proposal: An anti-bias and ecological model for multiracial education. Childhood Education, 72 (3), 152-156.
Wardle, F. (2013). Early childhood multicultural education. In O. N. Saracho & B. Spodek (Eds.), Handbook of research on the education of young children (3rd ed.)(pp. 275-300). New York. NY: Routledge.
Wardle, F. & Cruz-Janzen, M.I. (2004). Meeting the needs of multiethnic and multiracial children in schools. Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon
West, M. M. (2001). Teaching the third culture child. Young Children, 56(6), 27-32.
Wiles, J., & Bondi, J. (2011). Curriculum development: A guide to practice (8th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.
Revisionist History: The Multiracial Movement
Repackaging White Privilege: Problems with the Invisible Backpack
Pat and Wolf: Role Models for Our Family
Do Mixed-Race (Black/White) People have an Ethical Obligation to Identify as Black?
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Education, Race
What Self Reparations Look Like
May 20, 2019 MuniCourts
A few days ago, I examined the reasons why reparations were owed, however, I also stated that I didn't believe that debt would be paid. The reparations solutions included strengthening historically black colleges and universities and the case for self reparations argued.
Yesterday, black billionaire Robert F. Smith pledged to pay off the student loans of the entire 2019 graduation class of Morehouse College. His pledge also included a challenge to Morehouse alumni to continue providing similar assistance to future classes and stated: "because we are enough to take care of our community, we are enough to ensure we have the opportunity of the American Dream".
Morehouse is an all-male, historically black college in Atlanta. The billionaire's gift is estimated to be worth about $40 million, based on the combined debt shouldered by the graduating class's nearly 400 students, making it the single largest individual donation to a historically black college or university.
Robert F. Smith is one of the world's 13 black billionaires. His generosity and example may help to create other black billionaires. Kudos to you and your family Mr. Smith, well done. His entire commencement address is below.
History, Politics, Race
Why Reparations are Owed; What Reparations Could Look Like
By Randall Hill
Major Democratic presidential candidates are talking about considering or paying reparations to the descendants of African Americans who were enslaved. Many of the candidates may simply be engaging in political pandering. Most candidates simply express support for a discussion rather than actual support for reparations. I haven't heard any candidate actually talk about what reparations might look like.
The definition of reparation is making amends by paying money to or otherwise helping those who have been wronged. The spilling of blood during the Civil War and nearly 10 years of Radical Reconstruction could have been a good start if the federal government had not abandoned efforts to protect former slaves.
When the Declaration of Independence declared "that all men are created equal" in 1776, slaves were 20 percent of the population. Slavery existed in the former colonies and the United States for nearly 250 years, Jim Crow laws for another 90 years. Institutionalized and government-sanctioned discrimination including laws that led to unequal and substandard education, militaristic policing, unjust courts, mass incarceration, and other forms of oppression still exist.
My great-grandmother was a slave, my father said how ashamed she was whenever slavery was mentioned. There were no amends made to her or any other slave for their suffering. Her situation directly affected my grandfather, which directly affected my father, which directly affected me, which directly affects my children.
During slavery men, women and children were raped by their straight, gay or pedophile owners. Medical schools used slaves for medical experiments and practiced surgical procedures on slaves. Families were torn apart. People were tortured, maimed, and killed. The worst atrocities imaginable today were legal because people were reduced to mere property.
After the abolition of slavery; convict leasing, peonage, and Jim Crow kept blacks in slave-like conditions. Black Americans lived in terror because the government refused to offer any meaningful protection from angry or jealous white men. Lynchings and other racially motivated killings were common and unpunished. Prosperous Black neighborhoods such as Tulsa, OK, and Rosewood, FL were looted, burned, bombed and land theft was common.
The government engineered a number of economic, educational and social disadvantages. Social Security was originally designed to prevent 80% of the black population from participating. Federal housing programs that helped create the white middle class, implemented a redlining system which prevented blacks from benefiting.
Government-sponsored experiments such as Tuskegee and Pruitt Igoe have been revealed. Blacks originally were systematically excluded from U.S. farm bills, unemployment compensation, the minimum wage, protection of the right of workers to join labor unions and the G.I. Bill. Law enforcement sabotaged the Civil Rights Movement, In 1972 and 1996 the CIA was linked to drug traffic in black neighborhoods.
The government through legislation, policy, and court decisions actively participated in black oppression. Government inaction encouraged treachery and terrorism so vast it was easy to "keep negroes in their place" effectively eliminating the creation of black opportunity and wealth.
Slave Owner Reparations
In 1833, the abolitionist William Lloyd Garrison said at the National Anti-Slavery Convention in Philadelphia: “If compensation is to be given at all, it should be given to the outraged and guiltless slaves, and not to those who have plundered and abused them.” Garrison may have referenced the 1833 "Slavery Abolition Act" when more than 46,000 British slave owners were compensated for freed slaves.
The District of Columbia Emancipation Act, which prohibited slavery in the District, was signed into law on April 16, 1862, by President Abraham Lincoln, forcing over 900 slaveholders to free their slaves.
The government paid to slave owners that were loyal to the Union up to $300 for every enslaved person freed. Slaveowners received payment, slaves received nothing.
When you purchase or inherit real estate and other property, you also assume or inherit the debt; mortgages, taxes, and liens attached to the property. For those who directly experienced slavery and Jim Crow who since died, a debt is owed to their estates; and their descendants are the beneficiaries. The government sanctioned slavery; individuals, churches, corporations, universities, and other institutions actively participated. Georgetown University exists today because of slavery.
The partial list of current corporations and institutions that benefited from slavery include:
AIG, Aetna, Bank of America, Brooks Brothers, Brown Brothers Harriman, Brown Unversity, Columbia, CSX, Fleet, Gannet, Georgetown, Havard, JP Morgan Chase, New York Life, Norfolk Southern, Princeton, Tiffany, University of Virginia, Wells Fargo, Yale, and the list goes one.
All White people passively benefited from the wealth and opportunity created by slavery and Jim Crow. White immigrants decreased the overall percentage of black people and diluted the effectiveness of the black vote. Immigrants benefited from opportunities in a country made prosperous off the backs of the enslaved and directly from professions and job denied to blacks.
The political scientist Thomas Craemer calculated the hours worked by enslaved black workers between 1776 and the official end of slavery. He estimates this uncompensated labor totaled between $5.9 and $14.2 trillion in current dollars.
What reparations could look like?
During a discussion with one of my closest friends in response to his skepticism about any workable reparation solutions, I mentioned what I thought to be some simple ways to identify who should benefit and how to implement.
Reparations should be a combination of social, institutional, and economic solutions that are specific to African American Descendants of Slaves (ADOS). No other group of people was legally brought to the United States by force. Congress should exempt reparations from discrimination or racial exclusion statutes or regulations since they are in effect debts owed and not benefits. However, some solutions, especially those related to a fairer criminal justice system, will, directly and indirectly, benefit other groups. White companies supplying building supplies and other durable goods will also directly benefit.
Although others, most notably Native Americans, perhaps are owed reparations, this discussion is limited to the debt owed to the Black ADOS. Other so-called solutions were never exclusive to Blacks.
Equal opportunity solutions may have been well-intentioned, but in reality, were distorted myths. Affirmative Action, for example, benefited white women more than any other group. There was never any real equal opportunity for black people. If there are vast differences in education, access to credit, transportation, housing, medical care and just about everything else, how is anything equal?
Some concepts are easier to construct and implement; those should be worked on first and others more complex solutions later. Solutions should also have incentives to maximize positive impact on the community.
United Nations Recommends Reparations
At the invitation of the U.S. Government, a group of experts from the United Nations visited the country in 2016 to study and make a recommendation concerning people of African Descent.
The Group urged in their report that the United States consider seriously applying a Ten-Point Action Plan on Reparations, which includes a formal apology, health initiatives, educational opportunities, an African knowledge program, psychological rehabilitation, technology transfer and financial support, and debt cancellation. The following statements were included within the report:
Despite these legal and constitutional developments (13th, 14th & 15 amendments), the prevalence of “Jim Crow” laws — laws at the state and local levels that enforced racial segregation and persecution, primarily in the southern states — perpetuated political disenfranchisement, social and economic exploitation, violence and the overall subjugation of people of African descent until the 1960s. Lynching was a form of racial terrorism that has contributed to a legacy of racial inequality that the United States must address. Thousands of people of African descent were killed in violent public acts of racial control and domination and the perpetrators were never held accountable.
Despite substantial changes since the end of the enforcement of Jim Crow and the fight for civil rights, a systemic ideology of racism ensuring the domination of one group over another continues to impact negatively on the civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights of African Americans today.
The Working Group is deeply concerned at the alarming levels of police brutality and excessive use of lethal force by law enforcement officials, committed with impunity against people of African descent in the United States.
The Working Group is deeply concerned about the low number of cases where police officers have been held accountable for these crimes, despite the evidence.
Killings of unarmed African Americans by the police is only the tip of the iceberg in what is a pervasive racial bias in the justice system.
The Working Group was informed that the “War on Drugs” had had a devastating impact on African Americans and that mass incarceration was considered a system of racial control that operated in a similar way to how Jim Crow laws once operated.
The complex organizational structure of the legal system, with the independence of federal, state and county jurisdictions, and the lack of direct applicability of international human rights law and policies, create gaps that impact deeply on the human rights of African Americans.
There is a profound need to acknowledge that the transatlantic trade in Africans, enslavement, colonization, and colonialism were crimes against humanity and are among the major sources and manifestations of racism, racial discrimination, Afrophobia, and related intolerance. Past injustices and crimes against African Americans need to be addressed with reparatory justice.
Who should be Eligible for Reparations?
In the United States, any person known to have African ancestry was considered Black. This was often called the "one drop rule" and some courts referred to it as the "traceable amount rule". As historian Evelyn Brooks Higginbotham stated in regard to race, "most people believe that they know it when they see it but arrive at nothing short of confusion when pressed to define it."
In 1860, ninety percent of the four million Black people in the U.S. were slaves. Of the ten percent of free Blacks, its safe to assume that virtually all of them were either former slaves or descendants. Even descendants of the handful of black indentured servants such as Anthony Johnson married slaves or former slaves resulting in every black person at that time having a slave in their ancestry. Most of the nation’s 40 million U.S.-born blacks trace their roots to this population.
Significant voluntary Black immigration to the U.S. did not begin until the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965, the Refugee Act of 1980 and the U.S. Immigration Act of 1990 when immigration policy changed restrictions on foreign-born blacks. Black people that can trace their ancestry to 1960 should be assumed to be ADOS. For example, my 20-year-old son can prove thru birth records that I was born in 1965 and since my parents were born in the 1920s and 1930s; he satisfies the 1960 rule.
Having Black skin creates barriers which even White people understand because most white people would not want to be treated the way Black people are. Some Black ADOS people with fair skin passed as white and thereby obtained some degree of white privilege. However, even they had to endure being separated from their family, listening to derogatory comments, denying who they were and living in fear of being caught. White privilege is misunderstood, it simply means that white people enjoy the benefit of being treated as normal.
Any Black person who is ADOS should be able to benefit from reparations. Regardless of personal achievement or those made by their ancestors; harm whether physically, emotionally, socially or financially was endured. However, the initial concentration of corrective solutions should be aimed at those who are among the most vulnerable and disadvantaged. Those below the poverty line should be among the first to benefit.
REPARATION SOLUTIONS
Nothing can ever be sufficient restitution for the spiritual, mental, cultural and physical damages inflicted by slavery, Jim Crow and racism. However, something must be done to repair the damage.
The first step should be an official government apology for slavery and its aftermath that acknowledges that harm was done not only to slaves but to their descendants. However, apologies are meaningless without change.
The video below shows the emotional response when a descendant of a former slave owner apologizes to descendants former slaves.
Reparations Commission
A reparations commission comprising a super majority of ADOS (2/3) should be created to study slavery, the aftermath, the value of uncompensated labor, lost opportunity and pain and suffering. The people who were victims should have the most say in determining what they suffered.
Psychological Rehabilitation
For nearly 250 years Africans and their descendants were denied recognition as members of the human family and were classified in law as non-human, chattel, property, and real estate. This history has inflicted massive psychological trauma upon African descendant populations. As Dr. Joy de Gruy Leary argues, African-Americans are suffering from post-traumatic slave syndrome. Only a reparatory justice approach to truth and educational exposure can begin the process of healing and repair. Part of the dehumanizing process of making a slave was to make Africans descendants hate themselves. Generations of psychological damaged need to be acknowledged and dealt with.
Broadcast Licenses
Broadcasting is the most influential industry in the United States. African-Americans were regularly given stereotypic roles that depicted them as lazy, ignorant, and generally derogatory by mass media. The Federal Radio Commission (FRC) and then the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) excluded Black people from ownership of the airways by denying licensing. When the U.S. government first started giving away free licenses in the 1930s, they were distributed exclusively to white, male owners. As technology developed from radio to television and then cable, the same, white-owned companies continued to lead the pack because they could adapt to the new technology fastest. As a result, horrible negative images of black people were transmitted all around the world. As a group, we had no means to counter these images or broadcast information to a national audience. Reparations should include free broadcast licenses. A corporation comprised of shareholders restricted to black churches, black organizations, black entertainers and individual black people should be formed to accept broadcast licenses from the FCC.
Education or should I say miseducation was used as a weapon against Black people during and after slavery. Because knowledge is power, slaves were denied the right to read or write. The slavemaster was able to easily deceive slaves with lies and half-truths. One of the most glaring examples was the "slave bible". A normal "King James" version has 1189 chapters, but the slave bible only contained 232 chapters.
Ironically, even the bible states that reparations for slavery should be provided:
And if thy brother, a Hebrew man, or a Hebrew woman, be sold unto thee, and serve thee six years; then in the seventh year thou shalt let him go free from thee. And when thou sendest him out free from thee, thou shalt not let him go away empty: thou shalt furnish him liberally out of thy flock, and out of thy floor, and out of thy winepress: of that wherewith the LORD thy God hath blessed thee thou shalt give unto him. And thou shalt remember that thou wast a bondman in the land of Egypt, and the LORD thy God redeemed thee: therefore I command thee this thing today.
— deuteronomy 15: 12–15
After slavery, white-controlled, often racist school boards, rather than slave masters directed miseducation of black people. The 1954 Supreme Court decision, Brown vs The Board of Education, made it clear that black schools were so inferior that the quality of education was unconstitutional. Today, 65 years after Brown, the situation is even worse. The cure was worse than the disease. Busing was the primary solution. White schools received even more funding to accommodate black students. Those funds were used to upgrade facilities and programs, while black schools suffered and closed. Many of the most stable and brightest black students were removed along with their positive influence and impact. Some of the best teachers also left. When bussing programs were eliminated, black students were trapped in schools suffering from decades of decline.
Public schools in the U.S. should teach the truth about the horrors of slavery and its aftermath instead of the sanitized whitewashed version usually taught. For example, "The Great Migration" is the general term used to describe how 6 million black people moved north from the south. The whitewashed narrative states better job opportunity was the motivation. In reality, those "migrants" were refugees fleeing terrorism, persecution, violence and were seeking asylum only to find a different form of oppression in the north.
Public school funding should not be based on property taxes. Schools in predominantly black neighborhoods, because of lower property taxes, would remain substandard. These schools provide limited electives, advanced courses, are often in disrepair, have limited supplies, outdated textbooks or may not have books at all. Enrichment and extracurricular programs that help motivate and keep students interested in attending a school such as art, band, choir, drama, sports, student government, debate, robotics, and others won't exist or will be eliminated due to lack of funding.
Free college tuition including books, room and board should be made available to all low-income ADOS students. A small monthly stipend to cover necessary costs such as toiletries, laundry, and personal care items could also be included.
Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) are in the best position to help black students and should receive reparation grants for operating expenses, to improve, modernize and expand their programs and facilities. The improvements will allow HBCUs to attract additional instructors and students. Program expansion should include fields critically needed within the black communities and others where Blacks are underrepresented, for example:
Agricultural programs: that include some sort of land, equipment and operating grant to help create a new generation of black farmers to decrease urban food desserts. Government discrimination caused many Black farmers to lose their farms.
Business: As Black people were increasingly segregated and cut off from the larger white community, black entrepreneurs established flourishing businesses that catered to black customers. The period between 1900 and 1930 has been called the "golden age of black business". Due to jealousy, envy or greed, white Americans including city officials and members of law enforcement destroyed prosperous black businesses and entire communities. Punitive zoning laws, business license denials, and various other tactics were used to prevent black people from opening and operating a business. Grants for entrepreneurial training and business funding should be part of reparations.
Trade education programs: the major trades which include carpentry, plumbing, electrical, heating & cooling and others systematically excluded black people from training and jobs. Quoting a New York Times article, "The building of houses, offices and factories, of bridges and dams and highways, is still largely white man's work in America." Reparation grants should include trade education. Improvement grants to black homeowners in neighborhoods suffering from decades of neglect should be issued. Grants should be restricted to employ the students and graduates of those program and qualified black-owned businesses.
Teacher programs: We need more Black teachers in public schools. Cultural differences and lack of understanding cause white teachers to discipline excessively contributing to the school to prison pipeline. America’s public school population has been majority children of color since 2014. 50.4 million kids were in public schools; in the fall of 2016; 24.6 million (49%) were white and 25.9 million (51%) were kids of color. Research shows that teachers of color help close achievement gaps for students of color and are highly rated by students of all races. About 80 percent of all public school teachers are White, 9 percent Hispanic, 7 percent Black, and 2 percent were Asian” during the 2015-16 school year. Certification rules and tests and racial bias in hiring are keeping would-be teachers of color out of America’s classrooms. Reparation incentives for black teachers and modifications to certification and hiring processes are needed.
Doctors. nurses and other medical professions: As a child, I vividly remember a large number of black nurses and doctors in St. Louis area hospitals. I'm certain this was due to Homer G. Phillips Hospital, which trained the largest number of black doctors and nurses in the world. Now, Forty years after the hospital's closing, black doctors and nurses are rare finds in hospitals; and when they are found they are often foreign-born.
Lawyers: Howard University's Law School under the leadership of Charles Hamilton Houston, contributed greatly to the most important civil right legal victories. While nearly 40 percent of incarcerated prisoners are African-American, only 4.8 percent of lawyers are African-American, 88 percent of lawyers are white. The American Bar Association (ABA) was formed in 1878, one year after the reconstruction ended. Prior to the ABA, most practicing lawyers never attended law school. The ABA caused blacks to be excluded from the legal profession by colluding with state governments and courts making it more difficult to become a lawyer. Studies show that white attorneys might have biases that result in less favorable outcomes for their black clients; the same holds true for prosecutors and judges.
Ending mandatory prison sentences and mass incarceration practices which disproportionally affect people of color. According to the Vera Institute of Justice, incarceration costs an average of more than $31,000 per inmate, per year. There are nearly 2.2 million incarcerated adults, and more than 4.5 million under probation or parole supervision, which cost nearly $4,400 after the sentence is completed. The country would save $3.1 billion per year for every 100,000 people we prevent from being incarcerated and an additional $440 million in probation supervision cost.
Allow felons to vote after finishing their sentences. Once a person has completed their prison sentence, their debt to society at least, in theory, is supposed to be paid. An estimated 6.1 million people in the United States (2.5% of the nation's voting age population, excluding DC) could not vote due to a felony conviction; 7.44% of African Americans in the United States could not vote due to a felony conviction in 2016.
Some of the funds saved by incarcerating fewer people could go towards reparations programs. It's ultimately more beneficial for society to pay for trade school or college than prison.
The federal government encouraged racial housing discrimination by redlining areas containing African-Americans and refusing to guarantee loans in those redlined zones. This lack of access to capital affected the ability of black people to buy, rent or maintain their homes. Redlining triggered white flight, caused neighborhoods to declined, discouraged business and investment in entire communities. Zero or low-interest loans should be made available as part of reparations to purchase homes.
Story of Contract Buyers
Following World War II, Chicago’s South Side had become increasingly overcrowded as African Americans moved from the South in the second wave of the Great Migration. Unable to attain decent and sanitary housing in white neighborhoods because of racially restrictive real estate covenants and mortgage redlining by the Federal Housing Administration (FHA), African Americans were confined to the South Side ghetto.
In the 1950s-60s, real estate speculators exploited white homeowners’ fears on the West Side of plummeting real estate values because of neighborhoods that had ethnic change. Realtors went door-to-door to persuade white homeowners to sell because blacks were moving into the neighborhood. In neighborhoods they wished to exploit, “panic-peddling” speculators hired black men to drive beat-up cars with the music blaring and paid black women to push their babies in strollers. Speculators made enormous profits by convincing whites to sell their homes at well-below market value and then reselling to blacks at much higher than market value. Black homebuyers were subject to a “race tax,” as a property would typically be bought from a white homeowner for $10,000 and resold a week later to a black family for $25,000. This contributed to the neighborhood’s population changing from 87% white in 1950 to 91% black in 1960. Similar scenarios occurred in other cities across the county. The video below explains how victims in Chicago organized and fought back.
Black people have been targets of predatory lending and their wealth stripped away because many were forced to pay higher interest rates even with good credit. Even the bankruptcy process became predatory for African-Americas. Direct payments could be made to eliminate or reduce debt.
Many African-Americans have prospered despite systemic racism and racialized barriers placed in their way. Maybe they had to be twice as good to get half as much as their white contemporaries. Regardless, they and their ancestor were wronged. The difference is that some successful black people and their children may have already obtained degrees, houses and the other trappings of success. Direct payments to pay off student loans, mortgage or other debt may be a more practical solution. However, this sort of direct payment might disqualify them from participating in other reparation programs.
Slavery Was A Long Time Ago
Many white people, live on or possess land passed down from generations ago, celebrate the 4th of July, re-enact Civil War battles, scream about monuments and confederate flags being taken down, but tell us to forget slavery because no one alive today was a slave or slave-owner.
African-Americans have been free in this country for less time than they were enslaved. Do the math: Blacks were enslaved nearly 250 years but have been free for 152 years, which means that most Americans are only two to three generations away from slavery. This is not that long ago.
"It's foolish to let your oppressor tell you that you should forget about the oppression that they inflicted upon you".
Black Divisions
When my uncle, Dick Gregory, walked away from millions of dollars in bookings, to actively participate in the civil rights movement, there were family members who had good jobs that didn't understand what the fuss was all about.
Blacks among W.E.B. Dubose's so-called "talented tenth" who are among the best educated and best paid in the African-American community may not believe reparations are necessary, because they themselves are doing well. However, the irony is that even the "talented tenth" would be in better shape if the barriers of racism hadn't prevented even greater success than achieved.
Dr. Carter G. Woodson realized that the more educated black people became, the more they became indoctrinated into the thinking and ways of the white oppressor. "The same educational process which inspires and stimulates the oppressor with the thought that he is everything and has accomplished everything worth while, depresses and crushes at the same time the spark of genius in the Negro by making him feel that his race does not amount to much and never will measure up to the standards of other peoples. The Negro thus educated is a hopeless liability of the race." The "Black Card" video below, featuring Candace Owens, demonstrates Dr. Woodson's premise.
In the above video, Ms. Owens acknowledges her grandfather, Robert Owens, endured Jim Crow, the KKK, was forced to work at the age of five on a tobacco plantation, cleaned homes and office buildings for a living eventually owning his own cleaning company. Like many African-American, Robert Owens overcame extreme oppressive conditions, imagine how his life might have been better had he not experienced serious racism including the KKK shooting up his family's home as a child.
Black median household income of $40,232 is about two thirds that of other households. The median wealth of white household is $134,230 vs $11,030 for black households. These figures are direct results of racial oppression and the capacity to create and pass along generational wealth.
Racism created a number of divisions within the Black community, most notably light vs dark skinned, straight hair vs kinky hair, and house vs field slave. The Willie Lynch Letter best illustrates this phenomenon.
Meritorious manumission was a method of freeing or rewarding slaves for "good deeds" such as saving the life of a white person, creating an invention a slave master could profit from, or “snitching” on a slave planning to run away or organize a revolt. Some black people are still willing to sell out their community for financial gain.
Pick any major indicator, education, housing, employment, credit, business ownership, skilled trade, technology, science, law, medicine or any other and blacks woefully lag behind whites. These situations did not randomly occur, they were designed and enforced through government legislation and policy.
FDR once said, "In politics, nothing happens by accident. If it happens, you can bet it was planned that way." After World War 2, the Marshall Plan rebuilt parts of Europe including Germany, the Supreme Command of Allied Powers (SCAP) revived Japan's economy, and the U.S. helped create Isreal, which became the largest recipient of U.S. foreign aid. As a country, we know how to stabilize and build economies. So one can assume that the present state of Black America was planned; simply by virtue that no serious efforts were made to stabilize let alone rebuilt economies within the black community. While the U.S. was providing former enemies with economic aid, black veterans who fought those enemies were denied G.I. and other benefits.
Although a vast debt is owed, I don't really expect any meaningful reparations to be paid. The descendants of slave owners and others who benefited economically have no incentive to pay.
Power is not given, it must be taken. How can you expect powerful people to give you the education, training, and resources to take their power away from them?
African descendants of slaves have no means to force the payment of the debt. Usually, a creditor can take a debtor to court, obtain a judgment which is backed by the force of law. Even if reparations were provided, the voluntary payments would be a tiny fraction of the debt owed and couldn't cause any meaningful change.
Slavery existed and racism exists because it is profitable! Being a slum lord is profitable, marketing sub-prime and payday loans is profitable, hiring desperate workers at low wages is profitable and having a population of 45 million black consumers who do not manufacture anything is profitable.
Even if reparations were paid, how long would it take for that money to end right back into the hands of white businesses? We don't manufacture building supplies, houses, furniture, appliances, electronics or even clothes. Everything we need to survive including food, water, electricity, gas, and other basics are supplied by others.
Self Reparations
Black churches, Kingdom Halls, Mosques, organizations, and businesses should create a commission and find workable solutions to at least some of the damage caused by centuries of racial oppression. Malcolm X in his "Ballot or the Bullet" speech recommended forgetting religious differences to concentrate on fighting a common enemy and working towards Black Nationalism to control the politics and economy in our own community.
The commission would need to partner to build distribution networks for black businesses and merchandise. There are probably congregation members who provide services or own businesses that their fellow members know nothing about. Imagine if black churches used some of their space to sell products such as soft drinks, baked goods, and other black manufactured goods.
Black Convention Venue
My son, who is a youth minister at his church, for years has attended church conventions in various cities where tens of millions of dollars are spent by attendees. For example, in 2010, the National Baptist Congress of Christian Education's 55,000 attendees spent an estimated $76 million in Detroit. Right here in St. Louis where I live, between 2010 and 2016, the Church of God in Christ (COGIC) through it's Holy Convocation injected more than $125 million into the St. Louis economy. Imagine if that money was spent within the black community instead of white-owned hotels, restaurants, and venues.
Black churches, professional organizations, and non-profit organizations could contribute funds for a non-profit corporation to create venues to accommodate member churches and organizations' large meetings and conventions. Black churches alone take in an estimated $12-13 billion per year. This organization could reach out to the African Union and others in the African Diaspora to build alliances, investors and partners.
If the organizational structure ends up being a standard corporation, shares can be made available to congregation and organization members, with members encouraged to support and recommend the venues for vacations and other travel. Discounts should be offered to members of participating organizations.
The average hotel with 115 room costs $22 million to build. The average daily rate (ADR) of hotels in the United States was 128.94 U.S. dollars as of February 2019. In 2018, the hotel occupancy rate was at 66.2 percent. Based on the ADR and occupancy rate, the average 115 room hotel earns $3.58 million in revenue per year, with gross operating profits of 38 percent, not factoring in religious or non-profit tax exemptions.
To start, the most popular convention destinations should be researched and a single start city selected, preferably one with a large black population to help sustain the venues during the initial and growth stages. Land in predominantly black neighborhoods should be selected for development. Member organizations would need to commit to holding conventions and meetings in the start city for a number of years. A black transportation system, similar to Uber, could be organized with a network of black restaurants, entertainment, retailers and other places of interests as target destinations. After the initial start city becomes successful, a secondary city could be selected and the process repeated until about five or six of the most popular destination cities have been developed. African American travelers contributed about $63 billion to the U.S. travel and tourism economy in 2018. Imagine capturing just ten percent of that market.
This suggestion needs to be fine-tuned, would require sacrifice and might require member organizations to forgo conventions for a period of time. However, the long term benefits to the organizations and the black community would be monumental.
Even if a national coalition of organizations is not currently feasible, certainly local coalitions could be built to find workable local solutions for community issues. The primary issues in our communities are economic. Until workable solutions are presented to help people, especially our youth get out of poverty, desperate people will continue to find violent solutions to their problems and no catchphrase or slogan will stop them.
I realized some time ago that black people have the greatest need for timely access to quality information, however, those with the information, usually will not share it with others. I've actually seen situations where one non-profit organization would not share with needy clients helpful information about other non-profit organizations. It is my sincere hope that my ideas will spark someone into action to help others.
Although I'm not an attorney, I created this site to distribute free legal information to help those with little or no money to hire an attorney. Multiple systems are rigged against all of us. "United we stand, divided we fall"; let us stand so we can help those who have fallen.
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The Neon Demon
by April Etmanski | Jan 19, 2017 | April Etmanski, Reviews | 0 comments
Nicolas Winding Refn further solidifies what has become his signature style in a film that is beautiful but frustrating.
Elle Fanning plays Jesse, a young up-and-coming model who has just arrived in Los Angeles. Jesse manages to enchant every person she comes across with her beauty, and that becomes her main character trait throughout the movie. Elle Fanning is quite lovely, but I wish she had a little more character development and dialogue to work with.
Not surprisingly, Refn is more concerned with establishing a mood in this film. The cinematography is gorgeous; contrasting bright neons with black against the wicked synth wave soundtrack in the background. But the main focus is the skeezy underside of the fashion world. In an early scene, Jesse does a photoshoot with a famous, high profile photographer, but we never see what the pictures look like. We see models in their underwear, auditioning for a fashion show, and then backstage for the show but we don’t get to see it from a traditional audience’s perspective. We only see Jesse. She walks into a black void, evoking childbirth imagery as she emerges from the emblematic neon triangle. This reinforces the theme that this world is empty and devoid of meaning.
But ultimately this restraint became disappointing. The film becomes increasingly more exploitative and violent, but it still didn’t feel like it went far enough. A handful of bizarre, slightly comedic scenes didn’t quite make up for the long stretches of silence and meandering scene transitions. On the bright side, Jena Malone and Keanu Reeves are great in the supporting cast. They both make their mark on this film and seem to know just the right amount of sleaze their performances need.
This film is for fans of Refn’s recent work. It is about halfway between Drive (2011) and Only God Forgives (2013) when it comes to accessibility.
It is somewhat fun but also shallow, sedating and unsatisfying. And I think that may have been the point.
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Evolution of First Names: Fashionable and Popular Names
2015-11-16 2022-01-09 / 6 min read
Last week I took a high level look at the trends in children’s names over the last century. Today I’ll dig a little deeper and examine the ebb and flow in popularity of some specific names.
It has recently been suggested that a given name can be used to infer a range of personal characteristics including gender, age and ethnicity. This is certainly not unreasonable. Estimating age from a given name is in some cases quite reliable, since names go in and out of fashion, and their prevalence thus varies with time.
The number and variety of given names in use has expanded dramatically since the end of the nineteenth century, when the majority of names were of classical or Biblical origin. Many new names have subsequently been adopted or invented. And today celebrities and fictional characters have a significant influence on popular names.
Names like Fannie, Mabel, Clarence and Fred were in vogue at the end of the nineteenth century, but are rarely used today. By contrast, some names that are currently popular, like Abigail, Madison, Caleb and Ethan were scarcely used in earlier times. Perennial classics, for example, Katherine, Elizabeth, Clarke and Joseph, have been used consistently over the years. These would, of course, not be very good candidates for age inference!
Some names fade regularly in and out of fashion, while others are popular for only a short interval before disappearing completely. These are likely to be rather good indicators of age. The plot below shows the number of times some names were assigned over the years from 1880 to the present day. The names considered were selected to illustrate how fickle naming fashions can be. For example, Ashley and Jessica became popular in the 1980s, but their popularity was short lived and by the late 1990s they were seldom used. Similarly, Jason was briefly a fashionable boys' name in the 1970s, while Brian enjoyed popularity for around three decades, reaching a peak in the 1970s.
Which names have been the most popular over the last century? John was consistently the leading boys' name from 1880 through to the early 1920s. Robert then rose to first place, reigning for more than a decade before James took over. James was followed by Michael from the 1960s until 1999, when it was replaced by Jacob. In 2013 Noah rose to the top of the heap.
Among girls' names, Mary reigned for even longer than John, occupying the top spot from 1880 until 1946, when it was supplanted by Linda. Linda was only on top for six years before Mary reclaimed first place until the early 1960s. Lisa, Jennifer, Jessica, Ashley, Emily, Isabella and Sophia in turn were subsequently the most popular girls' names. Emma, popular at the end of the nineteenth century, faded in popularity during the twentieth century, but has staged a resurgence over the last two decades. In the last few years Emma has been battling it out at the top with Isabella and Sophia.
So much for the popular names. What about the more unusual names? Rocket has been used for about 100 boys since the turn of the new millennium. The number of boys named Jedi now exceeds 50 and there have been a few boys named Thunder every year since the 1970s. There have been more than 2000 girls named Tequila and there are also now a smattering of girls named Leeloo. Nirvana, which is a niche girls name, has slowly been gathering popularity since the 1970s. Interestingly there was a handful of boys named Excel in 1922 (clearly not the same Excel!). Rogue, which was a rare boys name back in the 1930s, is now being used in increasing numbers for both genders. These are just a few that stand out. There are a horde of other esoteric names being used.
Which names are going to be the most popular over the next few years? It’s hard to tell, but for boys it will probably be Jacob, Mason, Ethan or Noah, while for girls it is likely to be one of Sophia, Emma or Isabella.
It’s interesting to consider the factors which determine a name’s popularity. The names of cities and states can make attractive given names. Titles have also become prominent as given names. In South Africa, for example, Doctor and Professor are not uncommon! Words implying opulence (valuable gems and metals), nouns, last names and the names of historical figures have all been used as given names at one time or other.
In our data around 3000 names correspond to those of a state, city or town, ranging from Aberdeen to Zurich. Virginia, Charlotte, Brookyln and Austin have been popular choices in all states across the USA. Seattle has been used as a given name 5 times (but only in Utah), while Detroit has been assigned 5 times (but only in Virginia).
Names of precious gems and a few metals have also been used as given names. Ruby and Amber are rather popular across all states. Tin has been used 59 times (but only in California), while 8 children have been named Copper (but only in Texas). California and Texas are the most adventurous, employing the widest variety of names in this category.
Deeper insight into the use of names of locations and valuables can be gained from the plots here and [here]({{ site.baseurl }}/static/img/2015/11/opulent-names-states.png) respectively.
Returning to the first plot in the article, you might have wondered why there is a flat line in the Male column for Ashley. Similarly, why is there a flat line in the Female column for Jason? This is rather interesting. At times, according to the data, these names have also been used for the “other” gender. Those lines are not entirely flat: the peaks are just rather small relative to the peaks for the “normal” gender. For example, Ashley has been used as a boys' name too, with usage extending from the 1970s to the 1990s and peaking at a count of around 750 in 1980. The timing of the peak is roughly the same as that for Female Ashleys, but around 75 times smaller. In 1934 there were 170 boys named Betty, while in 1989 there were 252 boys named Jessica. Quite surprising! Conversely, traditionally boys' names used for girls: there were 10 girls named Jason in 2010 and 174 named Donald in 1930. The data come with some caveats regarding names mistakenly assigned to the wrong gender. So it’s quite possible that these anomalies are the results of data artefacts. On the other hand, given their relative prevalence, it’s also possible that they are valid.
Regardless of questions relating to the quality of the data, there are clearly some names conventionally associated with one gender but also being used for the other gender. However, certain names have been used more or less evenly for both genders. These unisex names will be the topic of the next post in this series.
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A free throw attempt during a 2017 game between the Angelo State Rams and the Texas A&M–Commerce Lions
In basketball, free throws or foul shots are unopposed attempts to score points by shooting from behind the free throw line (informally known as the foul line or the charity stripe), a line situated at the end of the restricted area. Free throws are generally awarded after a foul on the shooter by the opposing team, analogous to penalty shots in other team sports. Free throws are also awarded in other situations, including technical fouls, and when the fouling team has entered the bonus/penalty situation (after a team commits a requisite number of fouls, each subsequent foul results in free throws regardless of the type of foul committed). Also, depending on the situation, a player may be awarded between one and three free throws. Each successful free throw is worth one point.
Kobe Bryant practicing free throws
In the NBA, most players make 70–80% of their attempts. The league's best shooters (such as Mark Price, Steve Nash, Rick Barry, Larry Bird, Ray Allen, José Calderón, Stephen Curry, Reggie Miller, Kevin Durant, and Dirk Nowitzki) can make roughly 90% of their attempts over a season, while notoriously poor shooters (e.g. Dwight Howard, DeAndre Jordan, Wilt Chamberlain, Andre Drummond, Andris Biedrins, Chris Dudley, Ben Wallace, Shaquille O'Neal, Ben Simmons, and Dennis Rodman) may struggle to make 50% of them. During a foul shot, a player's feet must both be completely behind the foul line.
When free throws are awarded
Players waiting on the side during a free throw at a Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets vs. Centenary Gentlemen college basketball game
There are many situations when free throws can be awarded.
The first and most common is when a player is fouled while in the act of shooting. If the player misses the shot during the foul, the player receives either two or three free throws depending on whether the shot was taken in front of or behind the three-point line. If, despite the foul, the player still makes the attempted shot, the number of free throws is reduced to one, and the basket counts. This is known as a three-point or four-point play, depending on the value of the made basket.
The second is when the fouling team is in the team bonus (or foul penalty) situation. This happens when, in a single period, a team commits a set number of fouls whether or not in the act of shooting. In FIBA, (W)NBA and NCAA women's play, the limit is four fouls per quarter; in the NBA, starting with the fifth foul (fourth in overtime), or the second in the final 2 minutes if the team has less than 5 fouls (4 in OT), the opposing team gets two free throws. The WNBA follows the NBA's rules regarding reset of the team foul count in the final 2 minutes of any period (including overtime). In FIBA and NCAA women's basketball, the fouled player also shoots two free throws starting with the opponent's fifth foul in a period, considering that team fouls accrue from the fourth period on, as all overtimes are extensions of it for purposes of accrued team fouls. In NCAA men's basketball, beginning with the seventh foul of the half, one free throw is awarded; if the player makes the free throw, another is given. This is called shooting a "one-and-one". Starting with the tenth foul of the half, two free throws are awarded. In addition, overtime is considered an extension of the second half for purposes of accumulated team fouls. Free throws are not awarded for offensive fouls (most often charging fouls), even if the team fouled is in the bonus. The number of fouls that triggers a penalty is higher in college men's basketball because the game is divided into two 20-minute halves, as opposed to quarters of 12 minutes in the NBA or 10 minutes in the WNBA, college women's basketball, or FIBA play (note that the college women's game was played in 20-minute halves before 2015–16). As in the professional play, a foul in the act of shooting is a two- or three-shot foul, depending on the value of the shot attempt, with one free throw being awarded if the shot is good.
If a player is injured upon being fouled and cannot shoot free throws, the offensive team may designate any player from the bench to shoot in the place of the injured player in college; in the NBA, the opposing team designates the player to shoot, and the injured player cannot return unless the foul committed was a flagrant-2, in which case the player's own team also gets to pick the replacement shooter. If a player fouled takes exception to the foul, and starts or participates in a fight, and gets ejected, he or she is not allowed to take his or her free throws, and the opposing team will choose a replacement shooter. In all other circumstances, the fouled player must shoot his or her own foul shots.
If a player, coach, or team staff (e.g., doctor, statistician) shows poor sportsmanship, which may include arguing with a referee, or commits a technical violation (delay of game, excessive time outs, or when a team has no eligible players remaining after a player has fouled out or subsequently the last player to foul out must re-enter the game, the latter two are NBA rules) that person may get charged with a more serious foul called a technical foul. In the NBA and in FIBA, a technical foul results in one free throw attempt for the other team. Under NCAA rules, technical fouls are divided into "Class A" (violent or serious unsportsmanlike conduct) and "Class B" (less egregious violations such as hanging on the rim or delay of game). Class A technicals result in two free throws, and Class B technicals result in one. At all levels, the opposing team may choose any player who is currently on the court to shoot the free throws and is then awarded possession of the ball after the free throws. Since there is no opportunity for a rebound, these free throws are shot with no players on the lane.
Finally, if a referee deems a foul extremely aggressive, or that it did not show an attempt to play the ball, the referee can call an even more severe foul, known as an "unsportsmanlike foul" in international and NCAA women's play or a "flagrant foul" in the NBA and NCAA men's basketball. This foul is charged against the player (and, depending on the severity of the offense, can even be ejected), and the opponent gets two free throws and possession of the ball afterward. Unlike technical fouls, the player fouled must shoot the awarded free throws.
Fouls "away from the ball" (fouls that do not occur on the shooter or near the ball) are handled like the second case above in most situations. Many times defenders hold their opponent to prevent them from catching an in-bound pass or fight through screens and thus are called for fouls. These fouls are almost always treated as normal personal fouls. In the NBA, when there are only two minutes left on the clock of either half, off-ball fouls when the fouling team is over the limit are rewarded with one free throw and possession of the ball. It is therefore common for a losing team to deliberately single out its opponent's poor free throw shooters, regardless of their dominance in other aspects of the game (as in the cases of Ben Wallace and Shaquille O'Neal), as the targets of deliberate fouls until the two-minute mark, after which the losing team plays intense defense for the rest of the game; this strategy is known as the "Hack-a-Shaq". It is believed that this rule was instituted because of Wilt Chamberlain.[citation needed] Previously, teams had been allowed to foul any player on the court regardless of whether that player had possession of the ball, with only two free throws awarded to the fouled player. This motivated teams to chase poor free throw shooters, such as Chamberlain, around the court in an attempt to foul him in an effort to extend the game. To discourage this practice, the NBA changed the rule to award one free throw and possession of the ball to a player who has fouled away from the ball in the last two minutes of the fourth quarter. This rule does not apply in international or NCAA play and in fact, plays a very vital strategic role in the NCAA Tournament.
Fatimatou Sacko for her first free throw
Free throws are organized in procession. The shooter takes their place behind the free throw line (5.8 m (19 ft) from the base line, 4.6 m (15 ft) from the basket). All the other players must stand in their correct places until the ball leaves the shooter's hands: up to four people in the NCAA rules[1] and three people in the FIBA rules[2] from the defensive team and two people from the shooting team line up along the sides of the restricted area (keyhole, paint, lane). These players are usually the ones that rebound the ball. Three line up on each side. A defensive player always takes the place closest to the basket.
The remaining players must remain behind the three-point line and the "free throw line extended" (an imaginary line extended from the free throw line in both directions to the sidelines).
Leaving their designated places before the ball leaves the shooter's hands, or interfering with the ball, are violations. In addition, the shooter must release the ball within five seconds (ten seconds in the United States) and must not step on or over the free throw line until the ball touches the hoop. Players are, however, permitted to jump while attempting the free throw, provided they do not leave the designated area at any point.[3] A violation by the shooter cancels the free throw; a violation by the defensive team results in a substitute free throw if the shooter missed; a violation by the offensive team or a shot that completely misses the hoop results in the loss of possession to the defensive team (only if it is on the last free throw).
Under FIBA rules, if the shooter does not commit a violation, and the ball goes in the basket, the attempt is successful, regardless of violations committed by any non-shooter.
Lane violation
Offensive players (excluding shooter)
Both teams' players
Defensive players
Free throw is not counted (Not the last free throw)
Turnover (Last free throw) Free throw is counted Free throw is counted, and another is taken Turnover (FIBA)
Turnover (Last free throw) Jump ball (NBA, some leagues)
Possession arrow (FIBA) Free throw is retaken Turnover (FIBA)
Free throws awarded (NBA)
One free throw Personal
Loss of possession3 Loose ball Defensive Clear path
Two free throws and possession Flagrant
Two free throws and possession
No penalty1
Loss of possession3 Penalty1
Two free throws Shooting Non-shooting
Shot made
One free throw Shot missed No penalty1
Inbounds pass2 Penalty1
Two-point attempt
Two free throws Three-point attempt
Three free throws Not last two minutes of game:
Two free throws Last two minutes of game
Not away from play:
Two free throws Away from play:
One free throw and possession
1 Penalty applies to fouls in excess of four in a regulation period or in excess of three in an overtime period. If a team has not committed its foul quota by the two minute mark of a period, it shall be allowed one foul before the penalty applies. Offensive fouls do not count toward this total.
2 Defensive fouls committed during an inbounds pass prior to the ball being released result in two free throws regardless of the penalty situation.
3 In the NBA, a team must have five players on the court at all times. If a team is down to five players because of injuries and players with six fouls, and a player commits his sixth foul, he remains in the game and a technical foul is charged. The technical foul penalty of one free throw and the ball applies.
Prior to the 1954–55 season, the NBA established the rule that a backcourt foul would result in a "three to make two" situation (up to three attempts to make two free throws) if the violating team was over the team foul limit.[6] By 1979, the rule had been extended to the penalty situation for flagrant fouls, fouls made in the act of shooting (resulting in a miss), and fouls due to the swinging of the elbows.[7] Prior to the 1981–82 season, this rule and the related "two to make one" rule were abolished.[6]
In 1956, in response to reports that Wilt Chamberlain was able to dunk free throws, the NCAA established a rule requiring that free throw shooters keep both feet behind the free throw line during an attempt.[8] The NBA later adopted this rule.[9]
Free throwing at a Valencia Basket match
As mentioned earlier, some players are notoriously bad free throw shooters. Historical examples of star players who were poor shooters include Wilt Chamberlain, Ben Wallace, and Shaquille O'Neal.[10] This allows a strategy where a team intentionally fouls this player, hoping that they will miss one or both shots and the defending team will re-gain possession of the ball. This strategy was dubbed Hack-a-Shaq when famously used on Shaquille O'Neal. Dwight Howard, DeAndre Jordan and Andre Drummond[11] have been subjected to this strategy as well,[12] as have other players.
It can be advantageous for a trailing team to intentionally foul late in a close game. While this allows the leading team to shoot free throws and increase their lead, it also stops the clock, similar to a time out in football (in basketball, a time out may only be called by a team with possession of the ball). As well, it allows the trailing team the chance to take possession if the second free throw is missed, and if it is made awards possession outright to the trailing team. Therefore, many teams substitute players with high free throw percentages when they are leading late in games to combat this strategy. It is seen as a last resort strategy with little chance of success, but if it is not employed the leading team may run out the clock and end the game.
As well, a defensive team leading by three may foul an offensive team intentionally late in the game, if the game clock is no greater than a couple of seconds. In such circumstances, the opposing team would most likely not have enough time for multiple possessions. Down three points, the opposing team's obvious strategy would be to attempt a three-pointer to try to send the game into overtime; however, the leading team may attempt to foul the trailing team before a shot is attempted, as this would lead to only two free throws which is not enough to tie the game. If the trailing team is placed into the situation of shooting two free throws, they must attempt to intentionally miss the second free throw in the hopes of securing the offensive rebound (which is harder than normal with free throws, as the defending team is automatically given position) and scoring before the game clock expires – if the first free throw is made, a two-pointer would tie the game, and a three-pointer would win the game; if the first free throw is missed, only a three-pointer would tie the game. Theoretically, adopting this strategy makes a leading team four times more likely to win the game than allowing the trailing team to attempt a three-pointer.[13]
Kawhi Leonard at the free throw line during Game 2 of the 2019 NBA Finals.
The majority of adult professional players shoot free throws in the overhand style, despite both theoretical and practical demonstrations that the underhand style (aka "granny-style") usually produces better average results.[14][15]
NBA player and underhand free-throw shooter Rick Barry retired in 1980 while ranked 1st in NBA history at the time with a 0.900 average of successful free throws.[16] There were very few professional players who have utilized this technique; the vast majority of players declined to use the technique for fear of ridicule or for other similar reasons unrelated to performance.[14][15]
50–40–90 Club, exclusive group of players with one criterion including shooting at least 90% of free throws
List of National Basketball Association career free throw scoring leaders
List of NCAA Division I men's basketball career free throw scoring leaders
^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2016-03-06. Retrieved 2016-02-10. CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
^ "Rule No. 9-Free Throw". National Basketball Association. NBA Media Ventures, LLC. Archived from the original on 2009-03-07. Retrieved 2006-11-14.
^ "2019-20 NBA Rulebook | RULE NO. 12-FOULS AND PENALTIES". official.nba.com. Archived from the original on 6 January 2021. Retrieved 15 January 2021.
^ "NBA's Misunderstood Rules". official.nba.com. 9 January 2014. Archived from the original on 15 January 2021. Retrieved 15 January 2021.
^ a b "NBA Rules History". www.nba.com. Archived from the original on 2011-03-03. Retrieved 2011-04-04.
^ Winick, Matt (1979). Official 1979–80 National Basketball Association Guide. The Sporting News. p. Rules Index 31. ISBN 0-89204-049-1.
^ "That Stilt, Wilt, Responsible For 2 Rule Changes; Kansas' Chamberlain Even Dunked His Foul Shots", Toledo Blade, November 28, 1956
^ Silverman, Drew (2012). Kansas Jayhawks. Sportszone. p. 21. ISBN 978-1617832833.
^ Fixler, Kevin (2012-12-13). "Shooting for Perfection". SB Nation. Archived from the original on December 16, 2012. Retrieved December 16, 2012.
^ "Does Hack-a-Shaq actually work?". ESPN. April 28, 2016. Archived from the original on June 25, 2016. Retrieved June 20, 2016.
^ Landman, Seth. "'Hack-a-Howard' strategy in full effect". ESPN. Archived from the original on 28 February 2012. Retrieved 21 May 2012.
^ Lawhorn, Adrian. ""3-D": Late-Game Defensive Strategy with a 3-Point Lead". 82games.com. Archived from the original on 4 May 2012. Retrieved 21 May 2012.
^ a b Rist, Curtis (2008-08-07). "Physics Proves It: Everyone Should Shoot Granny-Style". Discover. Archived from the original on 2017-02-02. Retrieved 2017-01-22.
^ a b Kilgore, Adam (2016-12-28). "'Granny' shot master Rick Barry is glad someone had the guts to bring it back to the NBA". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on 2017-01-19. Retrieved 2017-01-22.
^ "Rick Barry". NBA.com. Turner Sports Interactive, Inc. Archived from the original on 2010-03-17. Retrieved 2017-01-22.
Official Basketball Rules, FIBA, 2008
NBA Rule Number 9: Free Throw
NBA Rule Number 12: Fouls and Penalties
Free Throws as the subject of an episode of the Podcast Surprisingly Awesome
All-time NBA/ABA free-throw leaders, Basketball Reference
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Free throw.
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History is a funny old business; an endless mix of overlapping threads, intermingling stories and repeating patterns that makes fascinating study for anyone who knows where to look. However, the part of it that I enjoy most involves taking the longitudinal view on things, linking two seemingly innocuous, or at least totally unrelated, events and following the trail of breadcrumbs that allow the two to connect. Things get even more interesting when the relationship is causal, so today I am going to follow the trail of one of my favourite little stories; how a single storm was, in the long run, responsible for the Industrial revolution. Especially surprising given that the storm in question occurred in 1064.
This particular storm occurred in the English Channel, and doubtless blew many ships off course, including one that had left from the English port of Bosham (opposite the Isle of Wight). Records don’t say why the ship was making its journey, but what was definitely significant was its passenger; Harold Godwinson, Earl of Wessex and possibly the most powerful person in the country after King Edward the Confessor. He landed (although that might be overstating the dignity and intention of the process) at Ponthieu, in northern France, and was captured by the local count, who subsequently turned him over to his liege when he, with his famed temper, heard of his visitor: the liege in question was Duke William of Normandy, or ‘William the Bastard’ as he was also known (he was the illegitimate son of the old duke and a tanner). Harold’s next move was (apparently) to accompany his captor to a battle just up the road in Brittany. He then tried to negotiate his freedom, which William accepted, on the condition that he swear an oath to him that, were the childless King Edward to die, he would support William’s claim to the throne (England at the time operated a sort of elective monarchy, where prospective candidates were chosen by a council of nobles known as the Witengamot). According to the Bayeux tapestry, Harold took this oath and left France; but two years later King Edward fell into a coma. With his last moment of consciousness before what was surely an unpleasant death, he apparently gestured to Harold, standing by his bedside. This was taken by Harold, and the Witengamot, as a sign of appointing a successor, and Harold accepted the throne. This understandably infuriated William, who considered this a violation of his oath, and subsequently invaded England. His timing of this coincided with another distant cousin, Harald Hardrada of Norway, deciding to push his claim to the throne, and in the resulting chaos William came to the fore. He became William the Conqueror, and the Normans controlled England for the next several hundred years.
One of the things that the Norman’s brought with them was a newfound view on religion; England was already Christian, but their respective Church’s views on certain subjects differed slightly. One such subject was serfdom, a form of slavery that was very popular among the feudal lords of the time. Serfs were basically slaves, in that they could be bought or sold as commodities; they were legally bound to the land they worked, and were thus traded and owned by the feudal lords who owned the land. In some countries, it was not unusual for one’s lord to change overnight after a drunken card game; Leo Tolstoy lost most of his land in just such an incident, but that’s another story. It was not a good existence for a serf, completely devoid of any form of freedom, but for a feudal lord it was great; cheap, guaranteed labour and thus income from one’s land, and no real risks concerned. However the Norman church’s interpretation of Christianity was morally opposed to the idea, and began to trade serfs for free peasants as a form of agricultural labour. A free peasant was not tied to the land but rented it from his liege, along with the right to use various pieces of land & equipment; the feudal lord still had income, but if he wanted goods from his land he had to pay for it from his peasants, and there were limits on the control he had over them. If a peasant so wished, he could pack up and move to London or wherever, or to join a ship; whatever he wanted in his quest to make his fortune. The vast majority were never faced with this choice as a reasonable idea, but the principle was important- a later Norman king, Henry I, also reorganised the legal system and introduced the role of sheriff, producing a society based around something almost resembling justice.
[It is worth noting that the very last serfs were not freed until the reign of Queen Elizabeth in the 1500s, and that subsequent British generations during the 18th century had absolutely no problem with trading in black slaves, but they justified that partly by never actually seeing the slaves and partly by taking the view that the black people weren’t proper humans anyway. We can be disgusting creatures]
A third Norman king further enhanced this concept of justice, even if completely by accident. King John was the younger brother of inexplicable national hero King Richard I, aka Richard the Lionheart or Couer-de-Lion (seriously, the dude was a Frenchman who visited England twice, both to raise money for his military campaigns, and later levied the largest ransom in history on his people when he had to be released by the Holy Roman Emperor- how he came to national prominence I will never know), and John was unpopular. He levied heavy taxes on his people to pay for costly and invariably unsuccessful military campaigns, and whilst various incarnations of Robin Hood have made him seem a lot more malevolent than he probably was, he was not a good King. He was also harsh to his people, and successfully pissed off peasant and noble alike; eventually the Norman Barons presented John with an ultimatum to limit his power, and restore some of theirs. However, the wording of the document also granted some basic and fundamental rights to the common people as well; this document was known as the Magna Carta; one of the most important legal documents in history, and arguably the cornerstone in the temple of western democracy.
The long-term ramifacations of this were huge; numerous wars were fought over the power it gave the nobility in the coming centuries, and Henry II (9 years old when he took over from father John) was eventually forced to call the first parliament; which, crucially, featured both barons (the noblemen, in what would soon become the House of Lords) and burghers (administrative leaders and representatives of the cities & commoners, in the House of Commons). The Black Death (which wiped out most of the peasant population and thus raised the value of the few who were left) greatly increased the value and importance of peasants across Europe for purely economic reasons for a few years, but over the next few centuries multiple generations of kings in several countries would slowly return things to the old ways, with them on top and their nobles kept subservient. In countries such as France, a nobleman got himself power, rank, influence and wealth by getting into bed with the king (in the cases of some ambitious noblewomen, quite literally); but in England the existence of a Parliament meant that no matter how much the king’s power increased through the reign of Plantagenets, Tudors and Stuarts, the gentry had some form of national power and community- and that the people were, to some nominal degree, represented as well. This in turn meant that it became not uncommon for the nobility and high-ranking (or at least rich) ordinary people to come into contact, and created a very fluid class system. Whilst in France a middle class businessman was looked on with disdain by the lords, in Britain he would be far more likely to be offered a peerage; nowadays the practice is considered undemocratic, but this was the cutting edge of societal advancement several hundred years ago. It was this ‘lower’ class of gentry, comprising the likes of John Hampden and Oliver Cromwell, who would precipitate the English Civil War as King Charles I tried to rule without Parliament altogether (as opposed to his predecessors who merely chose to not listen to them a lot of the time); when the monarchy was restored (after several years of bloodshed and puritan brutality at the hands of Cromwell’s New Model Army, and a seemingly paradoxical few decades spent with Cromwell governing with only a token parliament, when he used them at all), parliament was the political force in Britain. When James II once again tried his dad’s tactic of proclaiming himself god-sent ruler whom all should respect unquestioningly, Parliament’s response was to invite the Dutch King William of Orange over to replace James and become William III, which he duly did. Throughout the reign of the remaining Stuarts and the Hanoverian monarchs (George I to Queen Victoria), the power of the monarch became steadily more and more ceremonial as the two key political factions of the day, the Whigs (later to become the Liberal, and subsequently Liberal Democrat, Party) and the Tories (as today’s Conservative Party is still known) slugged it out for control of Parliament, the newly created role of ‘First Lord of the Treasury’ (or Prime Minister- the job wasn’t regularly selected from among the commons for another century or so) and, eventually, the country. This brought political stability, and it brought about the foundations of modern democracy.
But I’m getting ahead of myself; what does this have to do with the Industrial Revolution? Well, we can partly blame the political and financial stability at the time, enabling corporations and big business to operate simply and effectively among ambitious individuals wishing to exploit potential; but I think that the key reason it occurred has to do with those ambitious people themselves. In Eastern Europe & Russia, in particular, there were two classes of people; nobility who were simply content to scheme and enjoy their power, and the masses of illiterate serfs. In most of Western Europe, there was a growing middle class, but the monarchy and nobility were united in keeping them under their thumb and preventing them from making any serious impact on the world. The French got a bloodthirsty revolution and political chaos as an added bonus, whilst the Russians waited for another century to finally get sufficiently pissed of at the Czar to precipitate a communist revolution. In Britain, however, there were no serfs, and corporations were built from the middle classes. These people’s primary concerns wasn’t rank or long-running feuds, disagreements over land or who was sleeping with the king; they wanted to make money, and would do so by every means at their disposal. This was an environment ripe for entrepreneurism, for an idea worth thousands to take the world by storm, and they did so with relish. The likes of Arkwright, Stephenson and Watt came from the middle classes and were backed by middle class industry, and the rest of Britain came along for the ride as Britain’s coincidentally vast coal resources were put to good use in powering the change. Per capita income, population and living standards all soared, and despite the horrors that an age of unregulated industry certainly wrought on its populace, it was this period of unprecedented change that was the vital step in the formation of the world as we know it today. And to think that all this can be traced, through centuries of political change, to the genes of uselessness that would later become King John crossing the channel after one unfortunate shipwreck…
And apologies, this post ended up being a lot longer than I intended it to be
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006 Nations: From Rugby with Love
And so another weekend of Six Nations rugby action has rolled around again, which means an awful pun in the title (for which I apologise unreservedly) of my regular awards ceremony post. So without further ado, onto the first game.
We begin with ITALY, takers of a major scalp last weekend against France and takers this weekend of the Running Into A Brick Wall Award for Sheer Determination and Bloodymindedness. Italy won last week thanks to their fluid, offloading-centric game plan, smashing into the French defensive line and putting them on the back foot, and commentators across Europe have been quick to praise coach Jacques Brunel for his work in transforming Italy’s playing style for the better. The Italians tried much the same tactic against Scotland, who they had high hopes of beating after their heavy loss to England last Saturday, but whether it be the wet, stodgy conditions of Murrayfield (in stark contrast to last week’s faster pitch at the Stadio Olimpico) or the sheer quality of Scotland’s defensive effort, Italy simply could not get the Scots to open up. And yet, credit where it’s due, Italy did not give up. It would have been easy to simply say ‘this isn’t working’ and to try and revert to a less well-practiced kicking game (which would have hardly helped matters against a ruthlessly efficient Scottish lineout), but Italy took the brave option of sticking to the game plan they’d practiced and continuing to probe at the Scottish defence. That they failed to breach their line until a beautifully executed set play less than ten minutes before the end, despite controlling both territory and possession, could be said to demonstrate that this tactic was a failure, but it is perhaps more of a testament to the Scottish tackling and counter-rucking display.
As well as taking the defensive victory, SCOTLAND also take home the Don’t Mind If I Do Award for Fijian-style Opportunism. Scotland controlled next to none of the second half possession, and a minority of it in the first, content instead to ensure the Italians were not going to breach their line; which, given the newfound danger presented by the current Italy side, wasn’t a bad move. This could have been a recipe for a very, very boring match, but such a spectacle was saved by the Scottish back division’s ability to sniff out and exploit the tiniest of scoring chances. Of Scotland’s four tries, two were breakaways courtesy of tiny mistakes from the Italians. Possibly the best moment of the match came from Scotland’s full back Stuart Hogg, who managed to intercept what would otherwise surely have been the scoring pass from Luciano Orquera before running 80 metres for a try. Sean Lamont added Scotland’s fourth after noticing the ball unguarded and legally playable behind an Italian ruck, and Matt Scott nearly picked up his first international try early on after a well-placed grubber kick through conjured up an opportunity from nowhere; only Tobias Botes’ superb covering tackle meant the Scottish centre had to wait half an hour for his try.
Onto Saturday’s other game, where FRANCE’s Maxime Machenaud picked up the Come On Guys, Work With Me Here Award for Best Solo Performance In An Otherwise Dour Team Display. France played their match against Wales in much the same vein as they had against Italy; looking decidedly lethargic throughout, only fullback Yoann Huget ever looked like he was trying to actively do anything rather than waiting to be magically handed the ball with the line at their mercy. The only other player to achieve any obvious sense of activity from the French starting lineup was Machenaud, winning his second Six Nations start at scrum half, and looking every inch ‘Le Petit General’. Small, energetic and feisty, he positively bustled back and forth across the pitch with all the haste and enthusiasm that a scrumhalf should, and as such he appeared a genuine threat. Unfortunately, he was taken off after just 50 minutes in favour of the more calculating and arguably skilful Morgan Parra, but in a game in serious need of kicking off that may have proved France’s death knell.
WALES themselves pick up an award that could very well have been France’s had Machenaud not impressed me so; the Is It Over Yet? Award for Most Boring Game. The entirity of the France-Wales match was reasonably well summarised by the half time 3-3 scoreline, with the vast majority of the game being played between the two ten metre lines. At 10, Wales’ new flyhalf Dan Biggar produced an up and down display, combining some great tactical kicks (including one sweetly-placed grubber to force Huget to concede the lineout) with some rather poor general play and one or two howlers. The game’s final 16-6 scoreline was frankly flattering, and although I will not deny that Wales’ try (a beautiful chip from Biggar into a minute gap that all 6ft several of George North somehow managed to pop up in and bound over from) was both well-executed and well-deserved, I’m not entirely sure Wales can have a definitive claim to having won the game so much as France lost it. Still, at least Wales managed to break their duck, and the weather was most certainly not in their favour for a fast, free-flowing match.
The boredom award could quite easily have applied to IRELAND during their almost as dull game with England on Sunday, but instead they pick up the rather self-explanatory Bar Of Soap Award for Dreadful Handling and the Ooh… Ouch… Award for Biggest Casualty list. Ireland were hamstrung early on in the game when their instrumental flyhalf Jonny Sexton came off with a calf strain, but these things happen and many would argue that his replacement Ronan O’Gara’s more conservative approach was better suited to the wet, dreary conditions. However, last week’s try-scoring winger Simon Zebo was soon off the field as well with what later transpired to be a quite serious metatarsal injury that has ruled him out of the rest of the competition. Zebo was soon followed by Mike McCarthey (knee), Brian O’Driscoll (ankle) and Donnacha Ryan (back) on the injuries list, with all three joining Sexton as doubts for Ireland’s upcoming game against Scotland. Perhaps surprisingly, none of these injuries came about (as far as I could tell) as a result of foul play; in fact the only person committing such an offense was Irishman Cian Healy when he attempted a stamp on Dan Cole’s ankle. Whilst Cole was apparently unaffected, Healy was cited and is very unlikely to be available for Scotland as well in a position Ireland desperately need him to fill. Ireland’s next squad may be shorn of a few key branches.
Finally we come to ENGLAND, also contenders for the boredom award until Ben Youngs’ adroit chip set centre Manu Tuilagi up for the Sleeping Goalkeeper Award for Most Fluffed Up Opportunity. After Owen Farrell’s beautifully placed kick to the corner put Rob Kearney under pressure and forced an English lineout on the Irish five-metre line, England looked set for their best opportunity of the match; and when referee Jerome Garces awarded them a penalty advantage after Ireland infringed at the resulting maul, the chances looked even better. With the safety net of a penalty in place, Youngs poked his head up from the back of a ruck and began sniffing for even the remotest of opportunities; and spied an undefended space in the Irish in-goal area. With deft precision, he hoisted his kick over the Irish defence and directly into the gap, and as Tuilagi rushed onto it a scoring opportunity seemed certain. However, a bouncing rugby ball is a funny old thing, and presumably Tuilagi wasn’t expecting the ball’s first bounce to land as precisely into his chest as it did. He half-fumbled the catch, and as he reached up to take the ball as it began to fall down again he caught his arm on Keith Earls, making a last-ditch effort to stop him. He missed the catch, the ball went dead, and it was left to Farrell to slot the resulting penalty,and another one 5 minutes later, to secure England the win, and their place as the last undefeated team in the championship. How long that record will stand is another matter entirely…
Final Scores: Scotland 34-10 Italy
France 6-16 Wales
Ireland 6-12 England
Standard | | Tagged activity, Ben Youngs, boring, Brian O'Driscoll, bustle, calf strain, Casualties, chances, Cian Healy, conditions, conservative, covering tackle, Dan Biggar, Dan Cole, defence, Donnacha Ryan, England, Europe, fast, Fijian, fluffed up, fluid, foul play, France, game plan, George North, half time, hamstrung, handling, injury, interception, international, Italy, Jacques Brunel, Jerome Garces, Jonny Sexton, Keith Earls, kicking, kicking game, Le Petit General, lethatgic, Luciano Orquera, Manu Tuilagi, Matt Scott, Maxime Machenaud, Mike McCarthey, mistakes, Morgan Parra, Murrayfield, offload, opportunism, opportunity, Owen Farrell, precision, pun, referee, Ronan O'Gara, rugby, scoring, scoring opportunity, scrum half, Sean Lamont, Simon Zebo, Six Nations, Stadio Olimpico, stamp, Stuart Hogg, Tobias Botes, up and down, Wales, weather, Yoann Huget | 0 comments
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This document is submitted following the Online Safety Bill (OSB) Briefing organised by The Department of Media and Communications (Media@LSE) at the London School of Economics and Political Science. The briefing took place Thursday, July 8, 2021,9:00 AM – 1:30 PM as a virtual event over Zoom, and was attended by 108 people from a range of sectors. Following an introduction to the Bill a representative from DCMS, three panel discussions addressed regulatory independence and the Duty of Care’; collective harm, individual harm and exceptions; and the public and their responsibilities in the Bill.
Speakers included: Imran Ahmed (Center for Countering Digital Hate), Dr Edina Harbinja (Aston), Professor Sonia Livingstone OBE (LSE), Graham Smith (Bird & Bird), Dr Damian Tambini (LSE), Glen Tarman (Full Fact), Professor Lorna Woods (University of Essex) and Richard Wronka (Ofcom) and a representative from DCMS’ Security and Online Harms Directorate, who introduced the Bill to attendees.
This submission summarises the key concerns about the Bill that arose during the briefing, for consideration by the Joint pre-legislative scrutiny Committee. A full recording of the briefing can be viewed here, and we are happy to provide further information to the Committee or staff of the Committee if required.
Priorities for pre-legislative scrutiny
Several areas of concern were identified during the briefing for further consideration by the Committee. We order the points below according to the categories of questions that the Committee sets out in its call for evidence.
Online Harm: Definitions of what constitutes online harm are left open to subjective and political interpretation by the Bill, exacerbating the possibility of infringements on the right to freedom of speech. Harms that arise from the interactions between distribution/amplification of content and the content itself, as a result of platforms prioritising attention and reach over rights and harm prevention, are not currently addressed in the Bill. Further clarification is needed to define harms and ensure all harms that arise from digital infrastructures and business models are addressed in the Bill.
The ‘Duty of Care’: Doubts were expressed over the suitability of a health and safety framework for policing and regulating speech; the potential scale of the regulatory burden placed on companies, which could have negative consequences for freedom of speech and privacy; lack of attention in the Bill to the providers’ business models and their potential effect on the implementation of the Duty of Care. Further consideration should be given to how proportionality will be ensured, how tensions between the Duty and freedom of speech will be resolved through the Bill, and ways in which the Bill can support providers to prioritise the duty over their business imperatives, when required.
Regulating for adults and children of “ordinary sensibilities”: There is a lack of clarity about how the definition and application of this legal term will operate in practice. It seems to be an attempt to introduce objectivity and create homogeneity among users, but would be extremely challenging for Ofcom and/or private companies to define as a standard. Further clarification is needed to define the user and ‘ordinary sensibilities’.
Journalistic / democratic content: There is a lack of clarity about the parameters for identifying these types of content, and what the minimum parameters are for protecting such content. Further clarification is needed to define these terms and expectations of providers in terms of how they protect such content.
Content and services in scope
Collective Harm: As noted in the call for evidence, the Bill does not address societal/collective harms. Briefing participants were concerned that by prioritising specific harms to individuals, the Bill underplays the key question of who has power in the digital world and the impact of that power on the potential for collective harm. Individual and collective harms are linked, and collective harms such as disinformation, radicalisation and manipulation of elections are some of the most prevalent and concerning forms of harm generated through online services. Consider re-introducing the mitigation of collective harms as part of the Bill’s objectives, and regulating systems and processes that permit the production and circulation of mis/disinformation within the Bill.
Advertising content exemption: The exemption for advertising content leaves a loophole for potential fraud, abuse, or legal harm, e.g. via scams. Given the scale of the problem, and given that platforms generate significant revenue from the advertising that underpins these scams, further consideration should be given to including these types of online harm in the Bill.
The role of Ofcom and regulatory responsibility
Independence of the regulator: The relationship between the Secretary of State and the regulator is a cause for concern, with panellists questioning the ability of the regulator to remain independent of the changing strategic priorities of different administrations. For example, the draft bill specifically allows the Secretary of State to direct Ofcom to modify the codes of practice for platforms that it will be instructed to set out, as well as to give Ofcom guidance in other areas. In the context of freedom of expression and diversity of media, when and how such directions might be deployed are particularly sensitive issues. Further consideration should be given to the parameters for regulatory independence in the Bill and the separation of state and regulator. Consider reviewing the European Commission's Digital Services Act, which sets out a very high standard for independence of regulators.
Scope of regulatory responsibilities: The scope of the regulator’s role and power to determine business practice; It is unclear whether a market regulator is ideally placed to take responsibility for public education in relation to media literacy. Give the checks and balances in the Bill further consideration, to ensure they are sufficient to manage the regulator’s power and their potential effectiveness in practice. Give further consideration to the resources and partnerships required for effective media literacy education, and build an obligation for resource provision into the Bill.
Delegation of regulatory practice and protecting freedom of speech / expression: There is a perceived shift in regulatory responsibility for freedom of speech and definitions of harm to platforms and the private sector instead of government. There were concerns about platforms erring towards over-zealous removal of content to avoid sanctions resulting in collateral censorship, particularly in the case of legal but harmful content removal with user redress currently only required to be implemented post-hoc. Further consideration is needed in relation to how the Bill might proactively protect against disproportionate responses to the new regulatory regime.
Media literacy: The Bill shifts the focus of media literacy, as outlined by the Communications Act 2003, towards the prevention of online harms, with the implication that public rather than platforms is responsible for protecting themselves from harms. Media literacy is couched in terms of user/consumer protection rather than a mode of effective citizenship. Further clarification is needed about the value of media literacy for citizenship and user agency in the context of the Bill’s objectives.
Algorithms and user agency
Public involvement: The Bill makes no provision for consulting with the public about measures taken by platforms or the regulator, and there is no mechanism for empowering users in the Bill: users are treated primarily as consumers, rather than citizens. More involvement of civil society, such as citizen juries and citizen representation, would increase the legitimacy of the regulatory regime in the eyes of the public. It would also contribute to redressing the current imbalance between democratic, ‘people’ power and the power of platforms. Consider more explicit integration of mechanisms for user consultation and involvement in determining key issues relating to the Bill (e.g. legal but harmful content, mechanisms for redress, digital rights).
Consideration of rights: The Bill prioritises risk at the expense of foregrounding digital and other user rights; the tensions between rights and protection that implementation may produce are not addressed and the Bill may therefore ultimately disempower, rather than empower, users vis a vis platforms and the regulator. Further clarification of the user rights underpinning the Bill is needed. Consider integrating a statement of users’ digital rights in the Bill.
Algorithmic Fairness: The Bill does not address algorithmic biases and the targeting of vulnerable communities (e.g. based on race, gender, age) via predatory algorithms. Algorithmic fairness should be explicitly addressed in the Bill because there is currently little incentivization for platforms to minimize harm through algorithmic processes. Consider reviewing the EU’s Artificial Intelligence Act, which may be more forward-looking regulation in this area.
Anonymity: The Bill does not address the need to tackle online harm facilitated through anonymity, while also preserving anonymity when required to protect a user’s safety and right to privacy. An approach to challenging anonymity in order to prevent harm, while preserving its benefits for non-harmful use, should be incorporated into the Bill.
Center for Countering Digital Hate: Stop Funding Fake News Report
Why is media literacy prominent in the UK’s draft Online Safety Bill 2021? – Sonia Livingstone, Media@LSE blog
LSE and Ofcom: Rapid Evidence Assessment on Online Misinformation and Media Literacy Final report for Ofcom
The education data governance vacuum: why it matters and what to do about it - Emma Day, 5 Rights
The Online Safety Bill is being opposed on “free speech” grounds—but we urgently need protection from platforms - Damian Tambini, Prospect Magazine
U.K.’s Online Safety Bill: Not That Safe, After All? – Edina Harbinja, Lawfare
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Joe Dumars Confident In Which Players Will Go In Top 5
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The very top of this year's NBA Draft has been filled with the same usual names for quite some time now, so it's not too surprising that Joe Dumars has a pretty good idea of who the top five picks will be on Thursday night.
Joe Dumars says Wall, Turner, Favors, Johnson, Cousins will go in the Top 5, then it's "anybody's guess" including Pistons 7th pick
The anybody's guess part obviously deals with who will go sixth, which will affect who is on the board for the Pistons. Also, though, I think one part that could keep people guessing is whether or not a trade will happen that moves the Pistons into the top five. While it isn't necessarily looking quite as likely as a few days ago, a trade to vault the Pistons up a few spots would likely give them the chance to draft DeMarcus Cousins. There have been conflicting reports on this subject, but I'm sure some people will still be trying to guess if a trade is in the works come tomorrow.
Sources: Pistons Sign Draft Pick Terrico White
Pistons Share List Of 30 Players They Have Worked Out
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(Still) Big in Japan
Thought whaling was a thing of the past? Think again.
Adam Shemper
Photo: Greenpeace
In mid-January, Japan’s official whaling organization, the Institute of Cetacean Research posted a video on its website titled “Greenpeace increasingly dangerous stunts: Part 1.” The minute-long clip shows a small inflatable boat, manned by Greenpeace activists in orange polar survival suits, swerving out in front of an 800-ton steel-hulled whaling ship. On the ship, high above the bow, a man in a thick jacket stands behind a mounted harpoon which is angled toward the horizon, where the choppy ocean meets a bright sky of scattered clouds. A few seconds later, a whale breaks the surface about 30 yards in front of the boat, and the inflatable tries to steer in between as the harpooner fires. It’s hard to tell from the footage, but the whale has been hit by the grenade-tipped harpoon. It splashes down and disappears. The inflatable, now only a few feet away from the whale, slows and drifts out of the frame. In the next frame, after a cut, it reappears, entangled in the harpoon rope. The whale, obviously now dead, floats in a spreading circle of bloody water. Then the camera zooms out and the clip cuts off.
The video, shot in the Antarctic Southern Ocean, which is intended to portray Greenpeace activists as “foolish” and “reckless,” is quite similar to those found on the website of Greenpeace International, except there the clips are titled “Between the whale and the harpoon” and “Death of a minke whale,” and are designed to show the bloody brutality of whaling.
The harpoon ship was part of a six-vessel, 250-man Japanese whaling fleet that entered the Southern Ocean in late November. The whalers hoped to have killed more than 900 minke and 10 fin whales by mid-April, ostensibly to study them. By the time Greenpeace’s two ships caught up with them, they had been killing whales with grenade-tipped harpoons—the modern method designed to kill quickly—for three weeks, impeded only by inclement weather.
Whaling was banned by international treaty in 1986, with a limited exception for “scientific research.” Many whale species were near extinction, including in the Antarctic Oceans, where the Japanese have been whaling since the 1930’s. Blue whales in the mid-1800s were thought have numbered more than 600,000, but today there are only about 1,000 in the southern hemisphere. Japan is one of the few countries still killing whales. Kyodo-Senpaku, the company that operates the whaling fleet and is partly owned by Japan’s second largest marine products company Nissui, gets their permit through the government-sponsored Institute of Cetacean Research. Greenpeace and other environmental groups don’t recognize special permits. They insist that all whaling should be stopped, and that the study of whales should always be non-lethal. For 30 years Greenpeace has disrupted whalers in the world’s oceans, including six campaigns over the last fifteen years in the icy waters around Antarctica.
Greenpeace International’s expedition leader Shane Rattenburry and 57 hired crew members, found the whalers on December 21 in the Southern Ocean Whale Sanctuary, which mostly covers the sea inside the 40 degrees South latitude circle all the way to the Antarctic ice-edge. Rattenbury radioed the whaling captains and ordered them out of the whale sanctuary—established in 1994 by the International Whaling Commission—and reminded them that their activities were illegal.
Technically, it is illegal under the Commission’s 1996 resolution to issue special permits of any kind for whaling in sanctuaries. “Because we placed a reservation on the decision of the sanctuary, we do not abide by the ruling,” ICR’s Tokyo-based Far Seas Fisheries Division deputy director Hideki Moronuki told MotherJones.com by phone. (Any of the 66 IWC-member countries are allowed to reject a decision it feels will seriously affect its national interest.)
ICR fleets have been killing about 400 whales a year in the Southern Ocean sanctuary. That changed this year, when they more than doubled their quota for minke whales. “It’s perfectly legal,” Moronuki said. Even to kill endangered fins, he said, which have recovered to somewhere between 25,000 and 45,000. But killing endangered species is illegal under the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora.
When I spoke with Rattenbury via satellite phone aboard the Greenpeace’s ship Arctic Sunrise he was cruising in a calm, iceberg-filled sea along the Antarctic coast. He and his crew were headed back to Cape Town, South Africa, where they’d set out months before. “We came to document what was going on,” he said, “to share with the world that whaling is still happening, and to save as many whales as possible. I think we all go home with a mixed sense of what it’s been like.”
The Arctic Sunrise and another Greenpeace vessel, the newer, faster Esperanza, were equipped with a helicopter and 8 inflatable Zodiac boats, which activists from 21 nations, including Canada, America, Japan and the Netherlands, routinely launched to put themselves between the harpooners and the whales. But by mid-January one crew member said he believed the whalers had caught 242 minke whales. “It’s very tiring,” Rattenbury said. “When you’re out there for a few hours, and then the harpoon shot is taken, and you hear the grenade explode and the whale starts to thrash in the water, it’s the most empty feeling I think I’ve ever had.” He didn’t know how many whales got away. If it was only 50, he guessed, then they were successful.
Rattenburry has been on other Greenpeace expeditions, including a voyage to Indonesia to stop shipments of illegal timber. But the protest and intervention against the Japanese whalers has been his most intense. On the morning of Jan. 8, when the whaler’s factory and supply ships, the Nisshin Maru and Oriental Seabird, were anchored next to each other transferring whale meat, activists pulled up along side the Maru in their inflatable boats. With rollers on long poles and white paint the activists wrote WHALE MEAT FROM SANCTUARY on the factory ship’s hull. Later that afternoon, perhaps out of frustration, the Maru rammed the Arctic Sunrise, breaking a sizeable chunk off its bow. Both sides have video of the incident, but because the ships from both viewpoints appear to be moving, it’s hard to tell who’s at fault.
The only outside observer was Captain Paul Watson of the Sea Shepherd Conservation Society and some of his 44 volunteer crew members. Aboard the Farley Mowat, the Greenpeace co-founder Watson and his more aggressive activists hoped to damage the Japanese whaling ships so extensively that the whalers would be forced to stop their hunt. But with a ship 5 knots slower then the others, they were unsuccessful and were left behind the day of the ramming incident.
The confrontations came to a head about a week later, off the Mawson coast in the Australian Antarctic Territory, when a harpooner fired a shot over Greenpeace’s inflatable boat. The harpoon hit a whale, and as the animal descended beneath the surface the rope (which had fallen across the inflatable) knocked activist Texas Joe Constantine off balance and into the zero-degree water. Moronuki denied that the whalers caused the accident. “We have video,” he said. “And if you look at the videos provided by Greenpeace, you can find modification on their video.” He said that in an earlier video Constantine grabbed hold of the rope and then let himself fall into the water. Moronuki said Greenpeace later edited that out.
“It’s the most hardcore thing that Greenpeace does,” Rattenbury said of his work disrupting whale hunts. “It’s an emotional roller coaster down here. There’s a complete spectrum of emotions and experiences, from the most beautiful scenery you will ever see, the icebergs and the Antarctic coastline, to the horror and brutality of watching whales harpooned.”
ICR has plans for 17 more years of whaling “with the purpose of paving the way to achieve sustainable use of whale resources,” including endangered humpbacks. They have plans to kill 50 humpbacks over the next two years, even though there may only be about 10,000 left. “What we are trying to do is to sustain utilization of whale resources based upon scientific evidence,” i.e. to know enough about how whales eat, grow and reproduce, so they can use the data to justify whaling.
ICR scientists claim that their research—since 1987 they’ve recorded killing 6,795 minke whales—has led to a number of discoveries that prove whaling can be sustainable. They claim they found two distinct species of minke whale, where there was thought to be only one. Their populations are abundant and healthy. Blubber and muscle tissues of Antarctic whales are the least contaminated with PCBs and DDT in the world. Whaling is even necessary now, they claim, because whales’ large appetites are depleting the ocean of fish, a staple human resource.
But ICR’s research has been backed by only a small minority of IWC committee scientists. Most say that ICR scientists’ conclusions are tenuous. “To say that you can exploit whales commercially and have it be sustainable is a complete oxymoron,” said marine mammal scientist Naomi Rose, who is also an IWC subcommittee member for the U.S. “Fish have the ability to reproduce at a much higher rate than whales, and even their numbers are crashing.”
Moronuki agrees with Greenpeace activists on one issue. The Japanese don’t want to see whales disappear either, but for a very different reason. If whales are gone, then a tradition is gone. “It is very simple, we have a tradition and culture to eat whale meat. Every tradition, in every country eats something someone else does not eat,” he said. A matter of fact, he said, he recently ate whale sashimi at a Tokyo restaurant for about four dollars per 100 grams. “So, we think, every side should respect tradition and culture.” (Greenpeace argues that the motivation has less to do with tradition than economics, and point out that younger generations of Japanese don’t eat much whale meat.)
During Greenpeace’s campaign to stop the whaling, 17 nations, including Brazil, Australia, France and Germany, asked Japan to end its whaling program in an official demarche delivered to Japan’s foreign ministry. The letter reminded the Japanese that the IWC committee had recommended they only use “non-lethal” methods for research. The United States was not represented in that multi-nation protest. Though in response to a formal complaint about Japan’s whaling from representatives of the Fujian islands, Ambassador Larry Dinger released a statement on January 17 from the U.S. Embassy in Suva, Fiji. The statement read: “The longstanding position of the U.S. government remains unchanged—we are opposed to the current practice of lethal research whaling.” He went on to write that “we are concerned about the perilous incidents reportedly taking place between whaling and NGO vessels in the Southern Ocean over the past several days.”
A few days later, the battle between activists and whalers was coming to an end, though their media and PR campaigns were just beginning and getting a bit bizarre. Both sides posted similar videos as evidence for their respective causes. Some images on one side seemed like a better argument for the other. For instance, the Japanese posted a clip of a bloody whale killing that also showed one of Greenpeace’s boats racing to put themselves between the whale and harpoon, and used it as an argument against their recklessness. Greenpeace used similar images to report the cruelty of the Japanese whalers: whales reaching skyward out of the water just as grenade-tipped harpoons struck; and whales frantically flopping, suffocating and dying in bloody water.
The first montage posted on Greenpeace International’s website in mid-January is called “Greenpeace confronts the whaler.” It shows their Zodiac boats racing along side the behemoth Japanese ships. Cut to whaling deck crew firing water cannons at activists, one man violently swinging a long gaffing poll. Cut to a whale being pulled in the Nisshin Maru’s stern ramp. Cut to a capsized inflatable and two activists crawling up onto the bottom. Cut to the bloody flensing deck, to an eviscerated whale cut neck to tail, bones visible, the crewmen working on the fins, some holding white placards that read GREENPEACE MISLEADS THE PUBLIC and another that explains what they’re supposedly doing, SCIENCE BASED LETHAL RESEARCH. Cut to the last shot of the canopied stern deck with six dead whales stacked like wet fire wood.
“We hope we’ve slowed them down,” Rattenbury said, after traveling more than 10,000 miles. He and his crew would sail through the treacherous weather and roiling seas of the infamous roaring 40s and fierce 50s (latitudes) before reaching home in early February. “If they come up 50 whales short, then that’s an achievement. But I think, now we’ve left them, they will be working as hard as they can to reach that quota.”
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Home › COPE2 - "Post No Bills Red" Painting
COPE2 - "Post No Bills Red" Painting
Cope2, Titled “Post No Bills Blue" Measures approx. 16"x 20" stretched. Mixed media acrylic spray enamel on canvas. 2017. Signed and dated verso. Ships stretched worldwide
COPE2’s paintings have been exhibited in solo and group exhibitions in galleries and auctions throughout the United States and abroad, including the Guernsey and the Philip De Pury & Company auctions, the McCaig Welles Gallery, The Showroom Gallery and The Bronx Museum of Arts in New York City; the Crewest Gallery in Los Angeles; the Fifty24SF Gallery in San Francisco; the Defiance Gallery in Chicago; the Skalitzers Gallery in Berlin; The Gallizia Collection in Paris; the Artdrenaline Gallery in Den Haag, Holland and The Federation Atrium Square Gallery in Sydney, Australia.
Cope2 was born and raised in the South Bronx, New York City, in 1968. He is a self taught artist who is a celebrated figure for over 30 years in the graffiti art culture. One of New York City’s most prolific graffiti artists, he began tagging his name in 1978. He developed his style in the subways and streets of the Bronx throughout the 1980’s and 1990’s achieving international recognition for his distinctive style.
In recent years Cope2 has been commissioned by Time Magazine and designed a set of sneakers for Converse and a full collection for Adidas. He has worked with Steiner Sports collaborating with the New York Yankees’ Derek Jeter producing graffiti on memorabilia. His work has even crossed into the virtual realm with appearances in video games such as Mark Eckos: Getting up and Rockstar Games: Grand Theft Auto IV.
Today, you can catch Cope2 in the studio painting, bringing his raw energy into abstract masterpieces, intertwined with his trademark bubble letters and tags on canvases. He has also delved into curating successful group exhibitions. Cope2 crosses between art world, mainstream and street culture alike.
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Is Dyslexia Associated With Gender?
Silas Nyamweya
Nyamweya is a Kenyan scholar who has done many years of research on a diversity of topics
Dyslexia is defined as a learning disability that causes a person to have “difficulties in reading, writing, spelling and organization” and it is of neurobiological origin, meaning that there is involvement of the brain in this disorder (Dyslexia International, 2014; Lyon, S. Shaywitz, and B. Shaywitz, 2003, p. 2).However, this does not mean there is a lack of knowledge within dyslexics. Data states that about every 1 in 10 people are dyslexic (Dyslexia International, 2014); this means that about 70 million people in the world are affected by this learning disability and some of these people die without being diagnosed. Looking into the origin of this disorder could help us develop drugs to help those with the worst cases of this disorder. In addition, things like the ability to screen children to see if they are at risk could rise from this discovery.
Research has been conducted to prove dyslexia’s heritability and neurobiological origin (Lyon et al., 2003; Scerri & Schulte-Korne, 2009; Svensson et al., 2010). Due to this discovery, current research has been focusing on the potential genes, or dyslexia gene candidates, involved with dyslexia (Bates et al., 2009; Cope et al., 2005; Marino et al., 2010; Scerri et al., 2011; Svensson et al., 2010; Venkatesh et al., 2013; Wilke et al., 2009). Dyslexia’s neurobiological origin is very complex and is slowly being revealed. However, it seems like the focus of current research is on the candidate genes and not much is being done outside of those parameters.
I would like to observe outside of those parameters and look at a different aspect of dyslexia. If we just concentrate all our time one one area of the disorder, we may uncover valuable information behind it, but all aspects of dyslexia must be examined in order to understand the disorder in full. In all my research conducted I found a multitude of research that revolved around the dyslexia candidate genes and little research around the gender association of the disorder. The information I uncovered displayed that dyslexia effects a female more severally than a male, but no explanation for why this was, was stated (Sandu et al., 2008). This research could be taken even further by determining why dyslexia affects a female more severely.
This research study will examine the neurobiological differences within a male and female dyslexic. Looking at images of the brains in both genders and comparing them has already been done (Sandu et al., 2008). So the next step is to examine further into the brain and determine why these differences are present. I propose that this can be done through genetic imaging of the differing brains. Understanding the differences between a dyslexic female brain and male brain will hopefully lead to genetic correlations with candidate genes or uncover a new candidate gene. Looking at a different aspect of dyslexia will hopefully help fully uncover the origin of the disorder.
In the literature review we will look at past studies related to the genetics of dyslexia. It all begins with the realization that genes have a relationship with dyslexia, which was done through research of generations of the same family. This research was done due to the frequent reports of educators stating that dyslexics had a strong positive family history (Smith, Kinberling, Pennington, & Lubs, 1983). After that, research moved towards analysis of the genes that were found to be possibly related to dyslexia. This is currently the most important aspect of research due to dyslexia’s connection with genetics, but other topics related to dyslexia, like gender association and comorbidity, are also being studied. Dyslexia has a very complex origin that is slowly being revealed. Although, research in areas outside of just genes themselves needs to be done to fully understand the neurobiological origin of dyslexia within a human.
Currently the main focus on dyslexic research revolves around candidate genes of dyslexia. Candidate genes of dyslexia are the identified genes, through a fair amount of research, that may possibly be associated with dyslexia and how it affects a person genetically. As of 2010 there are six candidate genes related to dyslexia: KIAA0319, DYX1C1, DCDC2, ROBO1, MRPL19 and C2ORF3 (Svensson et al.). A few of the major dyslexic candidate genes are KIAA0319, DCDC2, and DYX1C1.
KIAA0319 is a candidate gene that lies on chromosome 6 (Cope et al., 2005). According to Cope et al. (2005), the research they conducted displayed strong evidence of KIAA0319’s association with dyslexia. Their data matches up with data from previous studies; therefore, the evidence is matching up. In addition, Scerri et al. (2011) provided further support of KIAA0319’s association with reading skills. Then KIAA0319 became a little more interesting; in 2013 a study was conducted on in Indian population. It determined that KIAA0319 was expressed in different parts of the brain and also that it has a role in neuronal migration and the “development of the neocortex” (Venkatesh et al., 2013, p. 534). Its association of neuronal migration, gives strong evidence to its association with dyslexia because it has to do with how the neurons develop within a human, mainly a human’s brain. If dysfunction within neuronal migration occurs, the brain affected is underdeveloped, like those with learning disabilities like dyslexia. Therefore, KIAA0319 has a long line of evidence that justifies its title of a candidate gene for dyslexia.
DCDC2 is another candidate gene being researched frequently. It has been researched with relation to primary cilium, but other research has been done as well to corroborate its association to dyslexia. In a study performed by Wilke et al. (2009), DCDC2 was looked at in 72 German dyslexics and the results display that DCDC2 played a role within the dyslexics. This also increases the thought of damaged neuronal migration as a possible cause of dyslexia. Recent research also finds evidence of DCDC2’s association with mathematics (Marino et al., 2010). There seems to be a pleiotropic effect of DCDC2 within addition and subtraction of one digit numbers, and multiplication of “nuclear families of developmental dyslexia” (Marino et al., 2010, p. 67). DCDC2 has evolving evidence that strongly suggests that it is in some way associated with dyslexia.
DYX1C1 is also considered a candidate gene for dyslexia (Svensson et al., 2010). One of its earliest appearances was in 1983 in the study done by Smith, Kimberling, Pennington, and Lubs. This research was done through linkage analysis of families. The authors determined that there were probably many different etiologies to dyslexia, but due to the fact that many families being affected by it, they concluded that the primary effect may be of genetic origin (Smith et al., 1983). So they analyzed the linkage of families and found that a gene that was significantly involved resided on chromosome 15. Eventually researches found that one particular area of chromosome 15 seemed to be the area of association with dyslexia, DYX1C1. The research continued on into present day determining that DYX1C1 was associated with reading and spelling ability and it also has effects on short term memory (Bates et al., 2009). Once looking into a study performed in 2010 I found that DYX1C1 was finally considered a candidate gene for dyslexia. The research done to consider a genes association to dyslexia is extensive. It took DYX1C1 27 years before it was finally named a candidate gene for dyslexia and even this title doesn’t necessarily mean that it has a definite role in dyslexia’s origin. It just means that there is a high probability that these candidate genes are associated to dyslexia in some way. Although, this isn’t the only thing researched related to dyslexia.
One particular area I found a bit of research on is the gender association of dyslexia. It is widely known that the gender ratio of reading disabilities has recently been uncovered by Hawke et al. (2009) and their discoveries state that reading difficulties is typically higher in males than females. But if you’re looking at the severity of the reading disability that we are discussing, dyslexia, Sandu et al. (2008) uncover that females are more severely impacted with the disorder than males. The gray and white matter of dyslexic boys and girls were compared to those of the control or normal boys and girls (Sandu et al., 2008). The largest significance was shown between the normal girls and the dyslexic girls. The white matter volume of dyslexic girls was significantly lower than that of non-dyslexic girls (Sandu et al., 2008). Therefore, dyslexia’s impact on females is more severe than its impact on males (Sandu et al., 2008). Although, an issue that emerges from this research is the inability to say or show why females are more severely affected by dyslexia than males and this is where my research proposal comes into action.
I propose a study that will hopefully determine what gene(s) is/are causing female dyslexics to have more severe affects. It will look at different areas of the brain to determine the areas that are more severely affected. Then, those areas of the brain will be analyzed genetically within a non-dyslexic and dyslexic child and a dyslexic female versus a dyslexic male to determine the genetic differences that are occurring. The unveiling of the gene(s) that are labeled to be unordinary or irregular will give researchers either an increase in association of an already existing candidate gene or create a new candidate gene that has a big association to dyslexia.
This research will help the world understand the reasoning’s behind why a female is more severally affected by dyslexia than a male. I will be examining the brains of dyslexic females and males to determine what is causing more severity within female dyslexics. The majority of my methodology will be based upon a prior gender association study conducted in 2008 and it will be developed to include more advanced technology, genetic imaging, that has just recently been introduced into the genetic research of dyslexia (Sandu et al., Wilcke et al., 2012). The method section of each prior studies will be combined to create a method that will answer the question of why female dyslexics are more severely affected by dyslexia.
A study of 120 subjects will be conducted and these subjects will include 30 Caucasian dyslexic females, 30 Caucasian non-dyslexic females, 30 Caucasian dyslexic males, and 30 Caucasian non-dyslexic males. The non-dyslexic males and females will be used as the control group for the experiment. This specific study will focus on just Caucasians in order to try to eliminate other factors, like ethnicity, that could cause a differentiation in the brain images and activity. The ages of these test subjects will range from 12 to 14 years old. All test subjects will be chosen based upon consent of themselves and their parents, an assessment done by a psychiatrist and multiple different tests on cognition skills, literacy achievement and reading processing. This process of selecting candidates was developed from Sandu et al.’s (2008) prior study. A failure of 2 or more phonological test along with a history of reading issues will result in the child being identified as dyslexic. If there is no history of reading problems, the child must fail at least 3 phonological tests as well as at least 2 literacy tests to be considered dyslexic. The process for deciding whether or not a child would be considered dyslexic was derived from a prior study, Svensson et al. (2010).
The genetic imaging being done on the brain will be done through fMRIs and genetic association. fMRIs allow medical professionals the capability of looking at what areas of the brain are in control of different functions of a human. The fMRI differs from an MRI due to its ability to detect blood flow. When an area of your brain becomes active, the neurons which cause the increase in activity, require more oxygen. Since oxygen is transported via red blood cells, the area of the brain that is detected by the fMRI is the area you are using for the task you are performing. The genetic variants in the areas specific to phonological and cognitive skills will be observed to determine the genes involved in those skills. In addition, the brain will be split into 8 different areas (Appendix A). Each area of the brain will be examined separately to see the phonological and cognitive functional differences. Increasing the areas split within the brain from the prior gender association study will result in a more thorough observation of the brain (Sandu et al., 2008).
Each child will go through two fMRI scans that employ the same tests. The tests will incorporate 3 different things that incorporate into 5 tests. One test will be related to word decoding abilities, two will be phonologically related and the last two will be on cognitive abilities. These tests will be running during the fMRI scan so that each task or test that is given will show us the area of the brain that functions in order for the task to be completed. The areas of the brain that function during each task will be looked into in more depth. The brain images will help compare the differences in brain functioning for each task and a genetic analysis of each area.
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The potential outcome of this study would be an increase in knowledge of candidate gene(s) association with dyslexia, as well as determining what area of the brain is more severely impacted in dyslexic females and what is causing the severity. The increase in knowledge of the areas of the brain that are more severely affected can lead to determining what phonological or cognitive abilities are more severely effect in a female dyslexic. Also, the possible discovery of the same candidate genes having involvement in any area increases its probability of actual being a gene that causes dyslexia. This study will increase our knowledge of the area in the brain of females that are more critically affected than male dyslexics. However, there are some factors that aren’t accounted for in this study.
The study takes into consideration that ethnicity could possibly have a role with dyslexia. This is done by performing this study on only Caucasians. Also, all of the children are within the age range of 12 to 14, so the ages are within a small range. This is done so that the brain development within the children are about the same. However, the age range of the subjects could also be considered too big. All children develop differently at a different pace depending on a multitude of things. Therefore, the capability of the children to do each task can vary due to this factor versus the fact that some children are dyslexic. This is mainly due to the standardized testing that is involved in this research. The requirement of standardized testing will cause a variation in results, but this variation has the capability of being due to the differing development that has been accomplished in each child rather than the dyslexic difference in each child. There are also a few other limitations to this study. First of all, the amount of things like tests that are required result in a very costly study, especially since the size sample is large, with 120 children. Another limitation is that is study is only focused on Caucasians; it gives answers to only a portion of the people affected by dyslexia. In addition to those limitations we have the possibility of inaccurate data portrayed by the fMRI. There could be another factor that causes increased blood flow in an area of the brain that would cause the fMRI to pick it up as the site of activation for the task, although it may not be.
The increase in knowledge of the areas of the brain that are more severely effect by dyslexia in a female would add to Sandu et al. (2008) study by giving a reason for why dyslexia affects females more severely than males. In addition, the possibility of uncovering a gene or genes that causes this severity would give rise to a candidate gene that has been seen within the brains of dyslexics that actually plays a role in dyslexia’s affects. It would solidify a gene’s role in dyslexia. Of course more studies on the gene must be conducted to make certain that the specific gene plays an actual role in dyslexia, but this study will establish gender association as an area worthy of exploring in studying dyslexia.
With the information gained from this study further research can be conducted on the genes that are found to have an association with the severity of dyslexia. Further research on the genes will hopefully lead to finally uncovering at least part of the gene(s) associated to the neurobiological origin of dyslexia.
Bates, T. C., Lind, P. A., Luciano, M., Montgomery, G. W., Martin, N.G., & Wright, M. J. (2010). Dyslexia and DYX1C1L deficits in reading and spelling associated with a missense mutation. Molecular Psychiatry, 1190-1196.
Cope, N., Harold, D., Hill, G., Moskvina, V., Stevenson, J., Holmans, P., … Williams, J. (2005). Strong Evidence That KIAA0319 on Chromosome 6p Is a Susceptibility Gene for Developmental Dyslexia. American Journal of Human Genetics, 76(4), 581–591.
Dyslexia International. (2014, April 17). Dyslexia International: better training, better teaching. Retrieved from http://www.dyslexia-international.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/DIReport-final-4-29-14.pdf
Hawke, J. L., Olson, R. K., Willcutt, E. G., Wadsworth, S. J., & DeFries, J. C. (2009). Gender ratios for reading difficulties. Dyslexia (Chichester, England), 15(3), 239–242. http://doi.org/10.1002/dys.389
Lyon, G. R., Shaywitz, S. E., & Shaywitz, B. A. (2003). A definition of dyslexia, Annals of Dyslexia, 53(1), 1-14.
Marino, C., Mascheretti, S., Riva, V., Cattaneo, F., Rigoletto, C., Rusconi, M., . . . Molteni, M. (2011). Pleiotropic effects of DCDC2 and DYX1C1 genes on language and mathematics traits in nuclear families of developmental dyslexia. Behavior Genetics, 41(1), 67-76. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10519-010-9412-7
Massinen, S., Hokkanen, M. E., Matsson, H., Tammimies, K., Tapia-Paez, I., Dahlstrom-Heuser, V., et al. (2011). Increased expression of the dyslexia candidate gene DCDC2 affects length and signaling of primary cilia in neurons. PLoS ONE 6:e20580. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0020580
Pennington, B. F., & Bishop, D. V. (2008). Relations Among Speech, Language, and Reading Disorders, Annual Review of Psychology, 60, 283-306.
Raskind, W. H., Peter, B., Richards, T., Eckert, M. M., & Berninger, V. W. (2012). The Genetics of Reading Disabilities: From Phenotypes to Candidate Genes. Frontiers in Psychology, 3, 601. http://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00601
Sandu, A. L., Specht, K., Beneventi, H., Lundervold, A., Hugdahl, K. (2008). Sex-differences in grey–white matter structure in normal-reading and dyslexic adolescents. Neuroscience Letters, 438(1), 80-84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2008.04.022
Satir, P., Pedersen, L. B., and Christensen, S. T. (2010). The primary cilium at a glance. J. Cell Sci. 123, 499–503
Scerri, T. S. & Schulte-Korne, G. (2009). Genetics of developmental dyslexia, European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 19(3), 179-197.
Scerri, T. S., Morris, A. P., Buckingham, L.-L., Newbury, D. F., Miller, L. L., Monaco, A. P., … Paracchini, S. (2011). DCDC2, KIAA0319 and CMIP Are Associated with Reading-Related Traits. Biological Psychiatry, 70(3), 237–245. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.02.005
Smith, S. D., Kinberling, W. J., Pennington, B. F., & Lubs, H. A. (1983). Specific reading disability: identification of an inhertied form through linkage analysis, Science, 219(4590), 1345-1347. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.6828864
Svensson, I., Nilsson, S., Wahlstrom, J., Jernas, M., Carlsson, L. M., and Hjelmquist, E. (2010). Familial dyslexia in a large Swedish family: a whole genome linkage scan. Behav. Genet. 41, 43–49.
Venkatesh, S., Siddaiah, A., Padakannaya, P., & Ramacandra, B. (2013). Analysis of genetic variants of dyslexia candidate genes KIAA0319 and DCDC2 in Indian population. Journal of Human Genetics, 531-538.
Wilcke, A., Ligges, C., Burkhardt, J., Alexander, M., Wolf, C., Quente, E., et al. (2012). Imaging genetics of FOXP2 in dyslexia. Eur. J. Hum. Genet. 20, 224–229.
Wilcke, A., Weissfuss, J., Kirsten, H., Wolfram, G., Boltze, J., & Ahnert, P. (2009). The role of gene DCDC2 in german dyslexics. Annals of Dyslexia, 59(1), 1-11. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com.proxy.lib.wayne.edu/docview/225376785?accountid=14925
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Princeton to Establish New Residential College
Learning About Christopher Columbus By Putting Him on Trial
Recommendations for Federal Work-Study at California Community Colleges
Oct 11, 2020 Leave a comment
Princeton University will establish a new residential college named for Mellody Hobson, president and co-CEO of Ariel Investments, on the site of the former Wilson College.
Hobson, a Black woman, and the Hobson/Lucas Family Foundation made a donation that will lead the project. She hopes the college that bears her name will remind students that “our past does not have to be our future,” she said in a press release.
“No one from my family had graduated from college when I arrived at Princeton from Chicago, and yet even as I looked up at buildings named after the likes of Rockefeller and Forbes, I felt at home,” Hobson, who graduated from Princeton in 1991, said in the announcement. “My hope is that my name will remind future generations of students — especially those who are Black and brown and the ‘firsts’ in their families — that they too belong.”
The university in June removed Woodrow Wilson’s name from its School of Public and International Affairs and the residential college which will become Hobson College. The university removed Wilson’s name after people gathered for nationwide protests against police brutality and in support of Black lives.
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FL, United States // USACE
In Ultimatum, US Army Corps Tells Flagler It May Lose $17 Million for Now If Dunes Impasse Isn’t Resolved
One of the dunes remnants in play at the south end of Flagler Beach, near the Beachfront Grille. (© FlaglerLive)
Flagler County is again at risk of losing $17.5 million in federal funds earmarked for a 2.6-mile dunes restoration project in Flagler Beach if the county doesn’t show by early February that it has either acquired three remaining holdouts’ easements or that it will take the owners to court to acquire the easements. It is all but an ultimatum.
“If the County is unable to demonstrate that the needed real estate will be acquired within a reasonable amount of time, whether voluntarily or by eminent domain,” Col. James Booth, commander of the Jacksonville District of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers wrote the county on Jan. 6, “the Corps may need to consider whether the project should be placed in a deferred status. While in a deferred status, the project would not be eligible to receive additional [federal] funds, with the possibility that such funds will be used for other projects with an immediate need for additional funds for construction.”
Booth is giving the county until Feb. 11 to provide a written update “explaining the status of completed work to acquire real estate and the tasks that still must be completed along with the associated timeline to accomplish those tasks.”
Congress earmarked the $17.5 million for the project in 2018. Flagler County’s Faith Al Khatib, the county engineer, secured an additional $7.5 million in state dollars required to complete the first phase of the project. The federal appropriation required a local match. Securing the state dollars meant the county didn’t have to put up a single dollar. But now the project is in jeopardy: deferred status is a form of limbo that, while not removing the appropriation from Flagler, removes it from its uses for an undetermined amount of time.
Since July 24, 2019, Flagler County government has been responsible for securing 141 easements along the 2.6 miles of beach so the Army Corps can go in and rebuild dunes with sand dredged from a borrow pit offshore. It’s been a slog. (See: “15 Years On, $25 Million In, Flagler Beach Dunes Project Near ‘Dead In the Water’ as 13 Property Owners Hold Out.”)
But by late last year, the county had secured 138 easements. Two owners are still refusing to sign easements on three properties.
The Corps has been patient. When the county’s acquisition of easements seemed to stall in the summer of 2020, it extended its deadline as a group of volunteers in Flagler Beach, led by Carla Cline and Craig Atack, raised over $60,000 as incentives to hold-outs to sign. At the time, 11 property owners were holding out. All but two have since signed. But there’s been no movement with those two for months, prompting the unease from the federal agency.
“I know your staff has been working diligently to get us across the finish line,” Jason Harrah, project manager on the Army Corps renourishment, wrote the county on Jan. 6, “however our senior leaders in Atlanta and Washington are growing more concerned about the delays in completing initial construction of the project.” Harrah attached the letter from Booth in a pdf (the Booth letter is undated). “Again, we appreciate your continued partnership with USACE and look forward to building this critical project!”
There is no panic in the county, but there is concern. “They are emphasizing to us that this is the last stretch of our ability to secure these easements,” County Attorney Al Hadeed said. Failing a resolution, “they have said unequivocally that they will move us to a deferred project status, obviously outcome we do not want. Our intent is to continue to vigorously pursue the easements both by court action as well as through voluntary means.”
The county has been threatening since October 2020 to take them to court to get the easements through eminent domain. But 15 months later, there’s not been a filing in court yet. (See: “County Authorizes Eminent Domain Action Against Second Property Owner in Quest for Dune Easements.”)
“We have to go through a process, so we’re taking all those steps to put together the information with the experts in order to present the case to court,” Hadeed said. “When we have all of that put together, then we’ll be filing and proceeding for a quick take of the easement right. I want to emphasize: we’re not trying to take anybody’s property, we’re trying to get the right actually to fix their property at no cost to them.”
Eminent domain is the legal term for a government taking of private property, which is legal when the purpose of the taking is a public benefit. In this case, the Corps will not proceed until all properties’ easements are secured because gaps in the 2.6-mile stretch of the project effectively render the project all but useless: in storm events, the gaps would funnel the ocean’s rush that the dunes are intended to block, outflanking and flooding the areas behind the dunes, and potentially damaging property. The two hold-outs have contended that the easements will allow a future local or federal government to do with the dunes that they please, whether it’s building them too high, planting plants that don’t belong, or building something there–all contentions the county has assured the property owners will not happen. The county formalized its assurances. (See: “With 99.05% of Dunes Project Shoreline Secured, Flagler Extends Hold Harmless Branch in Bid to Secure Last 3 Easements.”)
The dunes, in any case, remain the property of the owners, not of the Corps. The easements only grant the Corps access to repair the dunes, and to do so periodically every 10 to 11 years, another advantage of the federal project, as the county sees it, being its 50-yaer life. During that half century, any natural disaster that would destroy any portion of the 2.6 miles would be repaired by the federal government, on the federal government’s dime. In that sense, the beach would be federalized. Put another way, it would be federally insured. Mistrust from the two property owners, however, continues. (See: “Flagler About To Sign 50-Year, $100 Million Deal to Rebuild 2.6 Miles of Dunes in Flagler Beach. It Has Only a Fraction of the Money.”)
The county has never had to resort to eminent domain in its 104-year history. It would like to keep that streak alive. “We’re small enough that there’s not a reason that we can’t deal with our property owners and try to address all of their concerns,” Hadeed said. The attorney briefed the County Commission on the Corps’ letter at a meeting this morning.
The potential deferment of federal dollars isn’t merely a loss of money and time, but a risk to Flagler Beach. Since Hurricane Matthew, the shoreline, despite being rebuilt in large part by the county (but not to the colossal standards of the Corps of Engineers), has yet again been severely eroded, and not just by passing tropical storms: Noreasters and king tides are damaging the dunes, now that the oceans are rising and erosion’s effects accelerated in consequence. That means more sand will be required in projects ahead, than the sand needs estimated just a few years ago. (See: “Almost As Bad as Hurricane Matthew: Post-Storm Survey in Flagler Reveals Substantial Loss of Dunes.”)
“Therefore the vulnerability is greater,” Hadeed said. “A lesser storm coming our way if the beach is not renourished is going to be potentially more catastrophic than otherwise would have occurred had the dunes been restored.” But he could not say when the county’s work would be completed, even if eminent domain proceedings were to start immediately, as that would depend both on how the property owners respond and on the circuit court’s schedule. It is almost certain that when the next hurricane season begins in June, the project will not be done, even assuming that the Corps does not lock it into deferred status.
Corps upgrades Paden City’s wastewater treatment systems
PADEN CITY, W. Va. – Ever had a problem with the septic tank in your yard? The cost to replace it, and consequences if you do not, can really stink – even more so when the problem is on a community-wide level. That is why the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Pittsburgh District is partnering… Read More
USACE highlights restoration momentum at Everglades Coalition Conference
For the past two years, the word being used to describe Everglades restoration has been a very positive one – momentum. When the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan was approved in 2000, it and other Everglades restoration foundation projects encompassed one of the largest and most complex human engineering projects ever, and the early days were… Read More
Corps of Engineers releases 2021 Lock and Dam 10 navigation stats
ST. PAUL, Minn. – — The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, St. Paul District, released its 2021 navigation statistics for the Upper Mississippi River today, Jan. 10. During the 2021 season, Corps staff supported 2,132 commercial navigation lockages at Lock and Dam 10, near Guttenberg, Iowa, which was slightly below the 10-year average of 2,132… Read More
Chebeague Island dredging to improve access to Stone Wharf
Raising the wharf 2-3 feet is also being considered as sea-level rise threatens the coastal community. Ferries to and from Stone Wharf at Chebeague Island have been plagued by delays and cancellations due to blockages at low tide. Hope is in sight, however, as the Army Corps of Engineers will begin dredging next month. Dredging… Read More
The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Engineering With Nature® (EWN) Initiative enables more sustainable delivery of economic, social, and environmental benefits associated with infrastructure.
Watch as Dr. Todd Bridges, the National Lead for the EWN initiative explains the four major elements of EWN. Moving Towards Sustainable Practices Sustainable water resources infrastructure is achieved through the beneficial integration of engineering and natural systems. With recent advances in the fields of engineering and ecology, there is an opportunity to combine these… Read More
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Expert Views: Impact of the Syrian Missile Strike
Saturday’s missile strike on Syria may temporarily deter the Syrian government from using chemical weapons but it will not alter the trajectory of the seven-year-long war, experts from Syria Deeply’s community said.
Written by Hashem Osseiran, Alessandria Masi Published on April 14, 2018 Read time Approx. 6 minutes
U.S. FIFTH FLEET AREA OF OPERATIONS - APRIL 13: In this handout released by the U.S. Navy, the guided-missile cruiser USS Monterey (CG 61) fires a Tomahawk land attack missile at Syria as part of an allied strike April 13, 2018. Matthew Daniels/U.S. Navy via Getty Images
BEIRUT – The United States, the United Kingdom and France’s joint strike targeting the Syrian government’s suspected chemical weapons capabilities on Saturday is unlikely to prevent future poison gas attacks or significantly alter the current trajectory of the war, experts told Syria Deeply.
The Pentagon has confirmed attacks on three facilities: the Scientific Research Center in Barzeh near Damascus, which is allegedly connected to the production of chemical and biological weapons and two facilities near Homs, including a chemical weapons storage facility and a chemical weapons equipment storage site that also houses an important command post.
The Russian military says Syrian military facilities only suffered minor damage, claiming that Syria’s air defense systems shot-down 71 of the 103 cruise missiles before they reached their intended targets. Marine Lt. Gen. Kenneth McKenzie, director of the Joint Staff at the Pentagon, however, denied Russia’s claim, saying that no missiles launched by the U.S. and its allies were stopped. He put the total number of missiles fired at 105, including 66 Tomahawk cruise missiles.
No civilian, Syrian government or allied forces casualties had been reported as of Saturday evening. Three civilians were reportedly injured when the Syrian army “thwarted and diverted” a missile attack on a military position in Homs.
As part of our “Expert Views” series, Syria Deeply’s expert community weighs in on the potential implications of the strikes and whether or not it will deter from future chemical attacks in the country.
Perry Cammack is a Fellow in the Middle East Program at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
Trump’s military actions turned out to be more measured than his military rhetoric. After declaring on Twitter, “Get ready Russia, because [missiles] will be coming,” the U.S. airstrikes early Saturday morning were more modest than expected, narrowly targeting Syria’s chemical weapons infrastructure.
There is a certain irony in the fact that Trump, who has done incalculable damage to American democratic norms, is standing up for international norms. And yet, global prohibitions against the use of chemical weapons are discernibly stronger today than they were yesterday. This may have some positive knock-on effects going forward in the Middle East and beyond.
But the airstrikes will have no real effect on the trajectory of the conflict. The Syrian army will presumably get the message regarding the use of such heinous weapons. But it continues to have impunity regarding its brutal conventional assault against civilians. Although roughly 70 people died in the Douma attacks last week, roughly half a million Syrians have died in seven years of war. [Saturday’s] attacks do little to protect the average Syrian.
Assad may even gain politically from them since he can claim defiance against American aggression. The Syrian army has managed to seize the military advantage even with the threat of periodic Israeli airstrikes. [Assad] now knows that Trump – though ever erratic – has narrowly defined U.S. strategic interests in Syria around chemical weapons use.
Likewise, the prospect for a diplomatic opening in the wake of the attacks is extremely low. The rebels are weak and divided, Assad has significant military momentum, and there is little prospect for serious United States-Russia engagement.
On the other hand, the risk of significant military escalation between the U.S. and Russia has, at least for now, abated. Russia’s interests in Syria do not appear to be in any serious jeopardy. Although Russia will vigorously protest the airstrikes, Russian generals presumably won’t be sad to see Assad’s chemical weapons infrastructure degraded.
Nawar Oliver is a military researcher and a military mapper and analyst at Omran Center, a think-tank based in Istanbul.
In my perspective, do you think the Americans, British and French really care about the regime and that the [attack] yesterday was just to prevent the use of chemical weapons? It was part of it. But the main thing is, there was a hidden message to the Russians that despite your existence and massive victories on the ground, we remain part of the game and we will always be part of the political solution.
Rami G. Khouri is a journalism professor and public policy fellow at the American University of Beirut, and a non-resident senior fellow at the Harvard Kennedy School
The tripartite Anglo-American-French missile strikes will probably succeed in briefly stopping the use of these barbaric instruments of war, as they have in the past.
But, the strikes fail the triple tests of efficacy, legitimacy, and credibility. Thus, they must be viewed with great scepticism as political acts that primarily aim to impress domestic western audiences and that have consequences that lead to more turmoil and new forms of violence in the Middle East.
They fail the efficacy test because previous strikes by the U.S. and its allies against terror groups and militant governments since the 1992 missile strikes against Al-Qaeda have not deterred al-Qaeda or other such groups. In fact, the array of government and militant forces that stand up to the U.S. and other Western powers has only expanded in recent years. Simultaneously, Iranian, Russian and Turkish influence in Syria and other Arab lands has grown steadily, in line with the persistent militarism of the U.S. and other Western powers that say they wish to push it back.
The attacks fail the legitimacy test because the punitive measures were taken before the U.N. and other international bodies authorized to investigate responsibility for chemical attacks had not completed their work, which starts today on the ground. The tripartite attackers cannot claim legitimate self-defense because they were not under threat of imminent attack and were not attacked themselves, as they did after 9/11.
The attacks fail the credibility test because it is hard to take very seriously the Western concern about deaths by chemical weapons — however gruesome they are. The U.S, France and UK are responsible for the deaths of hundreds of thousands of civilians in the Middle East over many decades. Their concern with preventing more innocent deaths by cruel means would be more credible, for example, if the US and UK stopped actively assisting the Saudi Arabian and Emirati war against Yemen, where tens of thousands suffer from cholera and thousands more have died from disease, malnutrition, and other impacts of war.
These attacks continue a Western tradition of nonstop warfare in the Arab region that started with Napoleon more than two centuries ago, and has persisted with the same results — resistance from local powers, destruction of Middle Eastern societies and states, and the emergence of radical forces and governments that try to stand up to the foreign attackers. From the Roman Emperor Trajan to Trump, Macron and May, these lessons keep being learned again and again, as they will be in this case once more. Only by addressing the root causes of the political violence in the Middle East through political and socio-economic means will put an end to fighting, run the dictators out of town, and achieve peace and prosperity for the long-suffering people of the region who remain helpless in the face of domestic and foreign killers.
Andrea Taylor is a nonresident fellow at the Atlantic Council’s Rafik Hariri Center for the Middle East
The questions over whether the strikes were an effective deterrence method and their impact on the broader war in Syria is premised on two key issues: were the attacks sufficiently punitive to dissuade future chemical weapons usage? Did the U.S., U.K. and France make the threshold for future responses clear enough?
As U.S. Secretary of Defense General James Mattis stated the evening of the strikes, the Syrian regime and its backers are likely to use disinformation methods to block a clear picture of damage from the strikes. Meanwhile, Chairman of the Joints Chief of Staff General Joseph Dunford acknowledged that the strikes did not fully eliminate the Syrian regime’s chemical weapons capabilities. Instead, attacks hit facilities that could be easily targeted with minimal risk to civilians. Given both of these factors, the Syrian regime and its backers are likely to downplay the damage and effectiveness of the strikes. To at least some unclear degree, however, the military response has raised the cost to the regime of again using chemical weapons.
Pending further statements from the U.S., UK, and France, the threshold for responding militarily remains undefined. Mattis acknowledged certainty that the Syrian regime had used chlorine but uncertainty regarding use of sarin at the time of the strikes. Given the Assad regime has used chlorine at varying frequencies and degrees throughout the conflict to this point and usage did not cause a military response until April 13, it remains unclear to the Assad regime and its backers whether they can use limited amounts of chlorine in the conflict with impunity. At a minimum, the decision to respond militarily to chemical weapon usage does imply that other regime violations of international law such as forced displacement and indiscriminate bombing are below the threshold that results in a punitive response.
Strike In Syria: What We Know
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Daimler leads $82 million investment in major electric vehicle charging network ChargePoint to expand in Europe
- Mar. 2nd 2017 5:29 am PT
While Daimler has been pushing its brands Mercedes and Smart into an aggressive transition in electrification, the German automaker had so far no great involvement in EV infrastructure. That’s about to change.
The company announced today that it is leading a $82 million round of investment in the major electric vehicle charging network ChargePoint.
ChargePoint, which is already the largest EV charging network in the US with more than 33,000 chargers, will use the money to expand to Europe.
BMW had already invested in the company and it is also joining on this new round of investment along with several other existing investors – bringing the total raised to more than $255 million.
Pasquale Romano, CEO of ChargePoint, commented on the new investment:
“The automobile industry is at an inflection point, with more vehicles coming onto the market offering highly advanced electric powertrains than any other time in the world’s history. The significant investment by our lead investor Daimler and others not only underscores a collective commitment to e-mobility around the world, but lays the groundwork for Europe’s most comprehensive charging network.”
The company confirmed that Daimler AG executive Axel Harries was appointed ChargePoint’s Board of Directors following the investment.
Harries is currently responsible for Mercedes’ new CASE-unit within Daimler (Connected, Autonomous, Sharing & Services, and Electric Drive), which is in charge of “developing technologies and innovations for next generation Mercedes-Benz vehicles, particularly the new electric product brand, EQ.”
The Daimler executive said about the new partnership between his company and ChargePoint:
“While pursuing the systematic expansion of our CASE ecosystem based on our new product brand EQ, we also remain open and ready for partnerships and cooperation at the highest level. ChargePoint is a company of experts in the field of electric mobility charging solutions with a great deal of know-how in both hardware and software. Together we will be able to significantly expand the product portfolio in the area of intelligent charging solutions and provide the customer with an all-embracing premium offer for electric mobility,”
Interestingly, this major investment for Daimler comes just after ChargePoint unveiled its new 400 kW charging technology, which is the fastest electric vehicle charging system so far.
Hopefully, some of the money will be used to deploy those fast-charging stations since they will be more important to electric vehicle adoptions in the long-term than the level 2 chargers, which currently constitute most of ChargePoint’s network.
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Middle EastPolitics
Palestine through the lens of Frantz Fanon (part 1)
By Guest contributor(s)Tuesday 3 May 2016 No Comments
Part 1: Why Fanon? The indispensability of thought and the urgency of action
Palestine is in the throes of revolt. It started with protests and demonstrations at the presence of Israeli “Temple Mount” activists (and their political benefactors) at the Noble Sanctuary of Al-Aqsa in Jerusalem, the symbolic pillar of Palestinian spirituality and national redemption. The unrest then spread to other cities on both sides of the Green Line. From Nazareth to Nablus to Bethlehem, young Palestinians have taken to the streets to hurl stones and Molotov cocktails at an occupation which plunders their future and consigns their bodies to be broken on the wheels of a colonial machine. Individual acts of violence have also injected a sense of terror into the Israeli population, prompting a paranoid state to respond with unbridled brutality from its military, and unabated mob-driven lynching by its civilian population.
Unorganised, sporadic and youth-led, these Palestinian demonstrations and violent attacks do not appear to be tethered to any political party. The rejection of political factions as the incubator of rebellious actions by the “Children of Oslo” is perhaps the final indictment on the political malaise which has characterised Mahmoud Abbas’s tenure as Palestinian president; he has operated hand in glove with the Israelis, to protect a regime which safeguards the interests of his political class.
The Question of Palestine, as Edward Said framed it, has gone through numerous changes since 1948; through the Nakba of 1948 to the Sumud, which characterised the first intifada, to the compromise of Oslo and the current post-second intifada division and status quo. Throughout these phases, various normative discourses and institutions arose, which shifted the nature of the Palestinian national movement. However, the reality of Israeli colonialism has remained the same: violent, intransigent and unaccountable. In order to understand the current events in Palestine properly, it vital to look towards the writings of Martinican psychologist-cum-Algerian revolutionary, Frantz Fanon, whose divisive thoughts have contributed prodigiously to the field of postcolonial studies.
Rebel without a pause
1925 was a bumper year for Black revolutionaries. In the space of twelve months, Malcolm X, Patrice Lumumba and Frantz Fanon were born. It was the latter’s lyrical polemics and psychoanalytic inquiries which presented vast swathes of humanity with the framework for picking apart the layers of oppression which typified their lives under the yoke of colonialism. In his short life, Fanon developed a philosophy which provided colonised peoples with the blueprint for breaking out of their stupor, to create a “new man” and a new form of resistance to domination and oppression. Added to his literary panache and intellectual intrigue, he was able to interweave his subjective experiences into his works. By the time of his untimely death at thirty-six, Fanon had first-hand experiences of colonial society in a variety of contexts; through his youth in the French colonial department of Martinique; to his service for “Mother France” on the battlefield against Nazi Germany; to his academic training in Frances metropoles; and to his works with Algerian revolutionaries in the Front de Libération Nationale (FLN).
Black Skin, White Masks
In Black Skin, White Masks Fanon developed a sociogenic and psychoanalytic explanation of the anti-black racism inherent within colonial societies, drawing on his objective experiences. In this seminal text, Fanon passes the Hegelian phenomenological master/slave dialect under a black lens. In Hegel’s dialect, the slave is in pursuit of recognition and, through fear of the master, develops sentience, acquiring independent thought and consciousness of his essentiality and master’s dependence on him. However, when the slave is black, Fanon notes that, “What [the master] wants from the slave is not recognition but work.” The result was for the black person to aspire for “values secreted by his masters.” Fanon stays with Hegel when he acknowledges that mutual recognition is not achieved at the end of this dialect, yet departs from him in denying that the black slave necessarily achieves any independent consciousness: “But the black man does not know the price of freedom because he has never fought for it.” Echoing the words of Malcolm X, he wrote, “No one can give you freedom, if you are a man, you take it.” This ongoing struggle for recognition and freedom informed Fanon’s work and life.
Revolutionary therapy and the process of disalienation
In 1953 Fanon moved from colonial France to Blida, Algeria, where he developed a revolutionary approach to psychoanalysis, developing occupational therapy remedies with Algeria’s native communities with a direct effort to draw Arab and Islamic idiosyncrasies into his work. Fanon published 15 papers on psychiatric approaches throughout his career, and many of the findings were intertwined with his philosophical conclusions in Black Skin, White Masks. At the centre of Fanon’s psychoanalysis and “sociogenic” inquiries was a pursuit of disalienation from the social death caused by colonialism. In Marx’s Capital, alienation from labour is scrutinised, and through this process he lays bare the opposite of humanity within a capitalist society; a society freed from capital, able to pursue its own praxis. Fanon examined the way in which the human society under colonialism is alienated from its own cultural creativity; from this he wanted to create a way of breaking out of the colonial replications of that which is colonised. For Fanon, the colonised must pursue this process of disalienation actively.
Concerning revolutionary violence and the pitfalls of neo-colonialism
During his time in Algeria, Fanon was approached by the FLN to provide healthcare and a sanctum for their fighters in his clinic. He subsequently threw his weight behind their cause, writing for their publication El Moujahed and representing them at conferences in sub-Saharan Africa, where he forged ties with Ghana’s Kwame Nkrumah and the Congo’s Patrice Lumumba. With them he developed the idea of an African Legion, to liberate African nations from colonialism, as well as opening up a southern arms route from Sub-Saharan Africa to Algeria. Fanon saw that the conclusion of the Algerian struggle would serve as the pace-setter for the trajectory of the postcolonial movements and newly-liberated nations throughout Africa.
With the publication of A Dying Colonialism he had moved considerably from the concept of negritude, towards revolution as the prime negative in his de-colonial framework. By the colonised finding themselves through revolutionary struggle, whilst at the same time realising the role played by national demands and racial particularities, a new humanity can be forged.
In 1962, Fanon was diagnosed with leukaemia, and started work on The Wretched of the Earth, which was to be completed within months of his diagnosis but only published posthumously. Written with furious energy, the text is as much a timeless field manual for postcolonial movements as it is a piece of historical literature. It is his treatise on violence which has often been misconstrued, by supporters and detractors alike. Fanon does not valorise violence, as some contend, but rather acknowledges that colonialism is a project, which is, in and of itself, violence manifested. This violence has shaped the social constitution of the colonial subject. His land, resources and life have been seized by a state of violence, and within the framework laid before him, the only route out is violence. With prescience, Fanon writes that unless this violence is checked, it can turn inwards on the colonised, leading to tribalism and internecine conflict. Out from this a neo-colonial project will emerge, where elites from the revolutionary movements will barter their political capital with the old colonialists, for political power and capital, granting the latter rapacious access to resources and economic wealth.
Before he died in 1963, Fanon sent a parting letter to his friend Roger Taïeb in which he wrote the following: “We are nothing on this earth if we do not first and foremost serve a cause, the cause of the people, the cause of freedom and justice. I want you to know that even when the doctors had lost all hope, I was still thinking, in a fog granted, but thinking nonetheless, of the Algerian people, of the people of the Third World, and if I managed to hold on, it was because of them.”
Israel’s occupation as a neo-colonial project
What Fanon implored us to do was to view the struggle of the oppressed as a struggle to create a new mode of being, a new form of humanity. Within the revolutionary struggles of the masses, he insisted, lie the seeds of a new humanity. The ongoing resistance in Palestine today is not a new phenomenon, but is rather the latest episode in a decades’ long struggle for freedom and what Hegel and Fanon both agree on, recognition. Not recognition to live within shrivelled little cantons and drip-fed subsistence, but recognition as a human being in the holistic sense of the term. The stone throwing, the stabbings and the bombings are a reaction to a colonial regime which denies this recognition.
Over the course of these essays, Fanon’s key works, as outlined briefly above, will be utilised to examine the Palestinian national movement since it broke away from the paternalist hold of the Arab world and began, in earnest, to seek recognition. Navigating this history, with one eye firmly on Fanon’s work, it will conclude with where the movement is today; largely rudderless, but still yearning. Through this process, it is hoped that the reader will not only think and empathise with the Palestinians, but also, in respect of Fanon’s work, act on these feelings in the spirit of a collective humanity.
Nick Rodrigo is a research associate at the Afro-Middle East Centre in Johannesburg; his writing has appeared in Al-Araby Al-Jadeed.
source: middleeastmonitor
Fanon in Palestine Part 2: From Sumud to Surrender
Fanon in Palestine part 3: The institutions of capitulation
Frantz FanonNick Rodrigo
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DiversityFood for thoughtMiddle East
Habermas and the contradictions of the Arab intellectual
Guest contributor(s)Thursday 9 December 2021
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“Art washes away from the soul the dust of everyday life.” – Pablo Picasso
To provide a space for creative minds of all ages to gather, create, share and teach in a safe positive environment.
To provide the communities of Nipigon, Red Rock, Hurkett, Dorion, and Lake Helen with opportunities for arts-based activities and programs, expand economic opportunities for local artists, and attract visitors to Nipigon’s downtown core.
Renovation Story
The main Edge Arts gallery space was originally built with hand constructed blocks by Nipigon pioneer Jalmar “John” Salo in the early 1900’s. Back then, it was known as Salo’s Pool Room. In the 1940’s, the two smaller buildings were added. A variety of businesses came and went amongst the three buildings including a drugstore, jewelry stores, restaurants, hair salons, a men’s wear retailer, and a pet store/groomer, among others.
In the early 2000’s, the Township of Nipigon became owners of the vacant buildings. In 2017, the Economic Development Committee recommended that the old store fronts be replaced with colourful, siding facades to improve their curbside appeal. Also that year, with funding from the Ontario Trillium Foundation, the Township developed a Superior North Youth Arts and Culture Strategy that identified the absence of a dedicated, adequate arts space as a major gap in the region.
In 2018 the Township accessed another Ontario Trillium Foundation grant to renovate the interiors of the three Front St. buildings. That November began the transformation of the buildings into a single, accessible space for arts and culture programs and events. Due to the advanced age of the buildings and their separation, the renovation was a challenging one. Contractor Jordan Aubut and Councillor James Foulds worked long hours to have the building ready for its May 2019 grand opening.
Programming activities were also financed through Healthy Community Micro Grant and private donations from the former Snowmobile Club, and the Hike for Health. The programs offered included drama classes, make-up lessons, dance, comedy skit classes, and graphic novel/comic drawings.
OTF GRANTS
Arts and culture received a prime spot on the economic and community development agenda of the Township of Nipigon in 2015. Youth and their families were leaving the area to settle in Thunder Bay due to the limited arts and culture opportunities in the region. Recognizing the intrinsic virtues and impact of arts and culture on the individual and community development, the Township of Nipigon applied for and received a seed grant from the Ontario Trillium Foundation (OTF) to develop an arts and culture strategy for the region, encompassing the areas between Dorion and Lake Helen Reserve. It financed the creation of “The Superior North Youth Arts & Culture Strategy”, a document adopted by Nipigon in July 2017 and later accepted by the councils of Dorion, Red Rock and Red Rock Indian Band.
In response to the strategy, the Township of Nipigon’s economic development department took the lead in establishing community space dedicated to the arts. Several capacious buildings on the Front Street were chosen for renovation and to serve as the birth place of the new arts hub. With $85,000 grant obtained from the OTF in 2018 and the Township of Nipigon’s contributing the remaining capital to complete the renovation, the present Edge Arts Studio & Gallery was no longer an abstract idea but a viable reality.
TBAYTEL GRANT FOR YOUTH ART WORKSHOPS
In 2018, Nipigon’s Edge Arts Studio & Gallery – a new youth arts hub received $5,000 from the Tbaytel for Good Grant for its 1600 square foot multi-use space to kick off programming with a free “creator/maker” focused drop-in program for youth aged 12-18 from Nipigon, Red Rock and the Red Rock Indian Band. With the purchase of tables, chairs, tools and materials, the space was made ready to host its first program in early 2019 to connect participants with a project leader and local volunteer artists. The goal was to promote positive self-esteem in local at-risk youth and encourage aspiring young artists to continue exploring their creativity.
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Ernie goes to Tokyo pt. 1 (Jun 2015)
June 8, 2016 November 15, 2018 • erniegoes
After returning from Sri Lanka in April, the next few months were looking pretty free for us. There was some talk among our friends about traveling together later in the summer, but August was looking mighty far away in Hong Kong’s already sweltering May weather. It was a pleasant and very welcome surprise, then, when Ashley got word from her boss that she would be going to Tokyo on a business trip in June. We leaped at the opportunity to spend a few days in a new city together and immediately got to planning (unfortunately, Ashley had to be in the office in Tokyo during work hours). I’d never been to Tokyo before, my first trip to Japan was Niseko just a few months prior, but I’d lived out an imagined Tokyo in countless films, anime productions, manga volumes, and television serials, and I sorely wanted the city to live up to my heady expectations.
Ashley’s company booked her a room close to the office at the Grand Hyatt Tokyo in Roppongi Hills during the week, and we paid an additional fee to add one more occupant. For the weekend, we stayed at the Hotel Nihonbashi Saibo, a smaller business hotel in the Nihonbashi district. To stay connected, I ordered a mobile WiFi device from PuPuRu (¥1253 per day, including tax and insurance), which I picked up at Narita Airport when I landed. The Tokyo metro system is perhaps the most intimidating public transit grid in the world, but two things made navigating its hundreds of stations and multiple, twisting lines a breeze: getting a Suica card (similar to Hong Kong’s Octopus) and downloading the Tokyo Subway Navigation app on my phone. I was very ambitious in planning out my daytime hours, dividing the city into 7 regions, fully intent on going to all of them. Of course, I wasn’t able to do or see everything that I wanted to, but I got a lot closer than I thought I would thanks to the app.
The Endless City
Ashley flew out a day earlier, so I arrived at Narita the following afternoon on my own and caught a shuttle bus from the airport to the Grand Hyatt Tokyo. The journey into the city took about 1.5 hours, and by the time I arrived in Roppongi, Ashley was nearly done with her work day. To kill some time, I went over to the nearby Roppongi Hills Mori Tower, the 6th-tallest building in Tokyo and home to the Mori Arts Center and Art Museum on the 52nd floor. At the time, they were holding a Star Wars exhibit in anticipation of Episode VII later that year, and besides the massive Death Star II hanging from the ceiling, it had an incredible collection of models and artwork from throughout the celebrated film series. Along the outside of the exhibition space is the Tokyo City View Sky Gallery, with enormous floor-to-ceiling windows looking out onto the endless city below. One of my favourite Japanese films is 9 Souls, and the view from the Mori Tower that afternoon reminded me of the movie’s iconic opening scene, shot from a similar elevated perspective, showing the city of Tokyo being gradually snuffed out and erased. After an hour or so on the observation deck, I went back downstairs to wait for Ashley in the hotel lobby.
Teppanyaki Cravings
One thing we heard from friends and family about Tokyo was you can’t really go wrong with the food there. We came to the city armed with a long list of recommendations, but the impression we got was that we’d probably eat well in most places around town. When Ashley finished her first day of work in Japan, she had a strong craving for teppanyaki, which we didn’t have on our list of recommended restaurants. No matter – we did a quick walk around the neighbourhood and found an upstairs teppanyaki joint that seemed decent enough. The food was more than decent though, and Ashley’s craving was successfully satisfied. We took our time getting back to the hotel that night, digesting our grilled meats and vegetables and wandering Tokyo’s orderly neon streets.
Posted in Asia, Japan, TokyoTagged 2015, Asia, city, East Asia, Japan, Roppongi, teppanyaki, Tokyo, travelBookmark the permalink.
Ernie goes to Sri Lanka pt. 4 (Apr 2015)
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ESB's Energy for Generations Fund: Tackling Suicide and Providing Access to Education
by Grainne Burns | Dec 07, 2018
If you want to create a brighter future, you need to address the biggest social issues and inequalities facing the next generation.
That’s the driving principle behind the Energy for Generations Fund, ESB’s corporate social responsibility fund. Since its foundation 10 years ago, the fund has contributed more than €10m to charitable organisations working with homelessness, education access and support, and suicide prevention.
It’s all about giving back to Irish communities and building a better life for future generations. Having a social purpose is one thing but the challenge is to translate that into real, lasting, effective change in the community. That’s why the fund is focused on these three key social issues and on providing funding for the charities and initiatives that are on the front lines all across Ireland.
Another ESB initiative allows staff who volunteer within their own community for at least 20 hours per year to apply for funding of up to €250 for their chosen charity. This empowers their staff to make a difference in their own local areas and to support the great work that is being carried out in their communities.
ESB’s Energy for Generations Fund is currently inviting funding applications from charitable organisations across the country. Here are just some of the projects and initiatives that have benefited from the support of the fund.
Providing people with an education is one of the best ways to empower them and fuel their future success. One educational organisation that has benefited from ESB’s fund is An Cosán Virtual Community College (VCC).
The work of VCC is driven by the knowledge of what its director, Liz Waters, calls ‘the one generation solution.’ If you educate a young lone parent to degree level, they will earn 68pc more than someone without a degree and this helps single-parent families to break out of the poverty trap. Senator Lynn Ruane, a past-participant of An Cosán, is an example of how education can act as a springboard to a better life.
2019 will see up to 1,000 students engaged in education with VCC in partnership with 26 centres nationwide. This will help students who could not otherwise access or afford education to pursue an educational pathway to personal fulfilment.
VCC is at the forefront of educational technology in Ireland, offering an online model of blended learning to empower individuals to fulfil their potential. VCC also offers CPD opportunities for community organisations and tutors working in the sector. An Cosán is determined to achieve their mission, to bring equity of access to education by offering an information-age solution to one of Ireland’s most entrenched social problems.
Opening up a conversation on suicide
One of the ambitions of ESB’s Energy for Generations Fund is to help “generation tomorrow” to reach their full potential. To help with this aim, they’ve partnered with Aware to roll-out its ‘Life Skills for Schools’ programme for transition year students over a three-year period.
Based on Aware’s Life Skills programme for adults, the six-week intensive programme teaches students to understand the relationship between thoughts, feelings and actions. It helps them to understand the impact of external events, to look at challenges differently, to develop inner confidence, and to understand how they can improve their own wellbeing.
Research into youth mental health is the first step to providing supports and services that are tailored to their needs. ESB is sponsoring the roll out of its My World Survey 2 initiative, as part of its long-term partnership with Jigsaw, the National Centre for Youth Mental Health in Ireland.
As one of the most comprehensive mental health studies of its kind in Ireland, it will provide vital data on key youth mental health indicators. It will also shine a light on the risk and protective factors that can assist in predicting suicidal behaviour. A survey of this kind can potentially reveal issues that we didn’t even know existed and raise questions that we never even thought to ask.
Homelessness is a massive challenge for Irish society and the Energy for Generations Fund is working with organisations all across the country to address this critical issue.
For instance, ESB has donated to the Mid-West Simon Community for their ‘Housing First-Children First’ project. This funding facilitated the purchase of playground equipment for children in the homeless hub and provided support items as they moved into permanent accommodation. ESB has also contributed to the purchase of a van for Wexford Women’s Refuge and for The Cavan Centre towards its respite programmes.
ESB’s Energy for Generations Fund is currently accepting applications. To find out more or to make an application, check out the website.
This article appeared in the Irish Independent on Wednesday December 5 2018.
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Aging · English
A national seniors strategy needs to account for complexity in the aging process
By Russell Williams and John Muscedere
A version of this commentary appeared in the Winnipeg Free Press
Voir en Français
THE CANADIAN PRESS/Graham Hughes
Canadians 65 years and older now outnumber children 14 years and under, which means our needs as a society are changing. We are succeeding in shifting the aging curve through preventive interventions and better public health — that’s good news.
But the changing demographic is causing strains in our health and social care supports. How can Canada rise to the challenge?
There are many calls for a national strategy for seniors, or for homecare, palliative care, dementia and pharmacare strategies, which will directly impact care for seniors. However, any strategy targeting seniors cannot be based solely on age — but should be based on risk and vulnerability — or what is known as “frailty.”
Taking frailty into account may both improve and help save our fractured health system.
Frailty can occur at any age and describes individuals who are in precarious health, have significant multiple health impairments and are at higher risk of dying. The hallmark of frailty is that minor illnesses like infections or minor injuries, which would minimally affect non-frail individuals, may trigger rapid and dramatic deterioration in health.
Getting older doesn’t necessarily mean you are frail. It does mean that as you age you are more likely to become frail. Frailty is a more precise, and evidence-based, determinant of health outcomes and health care utilization than age alone.
The most rapidly increasing segment of the population is individuals over 80 years old and over 50 per cent of those over the age of 80 are frail.
A large, growing proportion of our health and social care spending is, and will increasingly be, focused on older Canadians living with frailty. From a societal perspective, frailty also places large burdens on family, friends and caregivers, including financial, social and productivity costs.
Everyone is impacted by frailty.
Yet frailty is poorly understood, pervasively under-recognized and under-appreciated by health care professionals and the public. Not enough health care professionals have expertise in caring for older adults that live with frailty and we do not have sufficient evidence to guide the care of older adults living with frailty.
So what would transformed health and social care systems look like if frailty were considered?
First, all older adults coming into contact with the healthcare system would be proactively screened for the presence of frailty or risk factors for its development. By using readily available, easy to use tools to identify frailty, proactive models of care and interventions could be put in place to prevent or delay its development or progression. Care planning would also start early rather than waiting for a crisis.
Next, older adults living with frailty and their family, friends and caregivers would be involved at every stage of system change. When citizens are engaged in decision making, it improves the patient experience, contributes to more cost-effective services and enhances the overall quality of our health and social care systems.
The Canadian Frailty Network undertook a study aimed at identifying priority areas based on input from Canadians affected by older adults living with frailty. The two top priorities identified dealt with 1) better organization of health and social care systems to provide integrated and coordinated care, and 2) tailoring care, services and treatments to meet the needs of older adults who are isolated or without family and caregiver support or advocates.
Training and certification qualifications for caregivers and healthcare professionals would include frailty recognition and assessment. Canada is a leader in frailty measurement, with Canadian researchers developing some of the most commonly-used tools, such as the Clinical Frailty Scale and the Edmonton Frailty Scale. Unfortunately, Canada has been comparatively slow to adopt its own innovations, lagging behind other nations.
Rehabilitative and social supports to improve care and quality of life would include non-medical interventions to address things like nutrition, exercise and mobility, advance care planning, oral care and social isolation. And innovative approaches to residential care needs would help seniors remain in the community as long and as independently as possible, including those who live with frailty.
Caregivers would be supported to ease the economic and other burdens of home care. Support for caregivers of older adults has been shown to reduce institutionalization, hospitalization and readmission.
Evidence says transforming our health and social care systems to include frailty would produce both health and economic benefits. Such benefits would be real and significant for older Canadians, their families and for those on the front lines delivering care.
Russell Williams is Chair of the Board of Directors of the Canadian Frailty Network, Vice President, Government Relations and Public Policy at Diabetes Canada and an expert advisor with EvidenceNetwork.ca.
Dr. John Muscedere is the Scientific Director and CEO of the Canadian Frailty Network. He’s also an expert advisor with EvidenceNetwork.ca, Professor of Critical Care Medicine at Queen’s University and an intensivist at Kingston General Hospital.
adults living with frailty, aging, Canada healthcare system, Canadian Frailty Network, caregivers, frailty, healthcare system, homecare, older adults, palliative care, seniors care, social care systems
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Moore Kissit Uses Voice Of LGBTQ + Community In New Single “Parallel Heartbreak”
By Ruth S. Reyes Last updated Jan 9, 2022
Moore kismet unveils a new single “Parallel favorite, co-written with Tate McRae. “Parallel Heartbreak” features Kismet’s rapid sonic evolution over the span of just a few months in the 17-year-old’s career. “The purpose of my music is to illustrate my truths,” says Kismet. “It’s what my music has always been to me: a way to get my stories and thoughts out.
“The story behind ‘Parallel Heartbreak’ is very long, difficult, but unbelievably beautiful. I knew something special could be said with the lyricism and the production of the song. I wanted the production to improve on the story Tate wrote by showing the point of view of a lover who feels a real connection to someone but has doubts about joining them at the risk of having broken heart. As a queer kid, it’s hard to determine what can be best for you in a relationship. I really hope people can relate to it and get the feeling that we had making it together. “
In 2021, Kismet, who identifies as non-binary and uses their pronouns, became the youngest artist to play Lollapalooza and EDC Las Vegas, made his Red Rocks debut and was nominated to Billboardfor the second year in a row, the annual list of the under-21s.
Moore Kismet, born Omar Davis, is a 17-year-old non-binary, pansexual producer, songwriter and DJ from Southern California. Kismet, whose name means “more than fate,” began learning to produce at the age of 7, using a downloaded copy of Fruity Loops, YouTube tutorials, and diligent practice. Their unique production style is inspired by all eras of the evolution of dance music.
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#Fifagate: Corruption racket hangs over Blatter's head
Sepp Blatter could well be the target of a corruption probe just hours after announcing his resignation.
Sepp Blatter, shocked the world on 2 June 2015 following the announcement that he will step down from his post as Fifa president. Picture: Fifa YouTube Channel.
Fifa corruption
Fifagate
Fifa bribing scandal
Corruption at Fifa
Sepp Blatter quits Fifa
Fifa Corruption Racket
Fifa Officials Arrested
Jean Smyth | 2420 days ago
JOHANNESBURG - Both the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and Fifa have not commented on new reports that outgoing President Sepp Blatter is the target of a federal corruption probe in the United States, just hours after announcing his resignation.
Citing sources familiar with the case, the New York Times and ABC News claim Blatter is being investigated by the FBI and US prosecutors.
He has not been charged with any wrongdoing so far.
Blatter, whose resignation after 17 years was met with shock on Tuesday night, said Fifa needs a profound restructuring that he has not been able to achieve during his tenure.
"Although the members of Fifa have given me the new mandate, have re-elected me president, this mandate does not seem to be supported by everybody in the world of football; supporters, clubs, players, those who inspire life in football."
Swizerland's Attorney General confirmation that they would not pursue a criminal investigation against the outgoing Fifa president.
This comes as some relief for him as the pending inquiry from US authorities could well have played a role in his shock decision to stand down.
The eye-watering, 47-count indictment by the US Department of Justice has seen Fifa brought to its knees over the course of last week.
A host of the most powerful figures in the sport have all been implicated and arrests of its top executive took place in a luxury five-star Swiss hotel exactly seven days ago.
The FBI have for now refused to confirm if the 79-year-old will be formally charged.
SA REACTION
At the same time, Blatter's sudden resignation has been met with mixed reaction from soccer experts back home.
Marks Maponyane said another term would have damaged his integrity.
"Why are these presidents hanging in there? It shows you that obviously somebody is benefitting. There must be something, where there's smoke there's fire."
Former Bafana Bafana captain Neil Tovey said Blatter has made a considerable contribution to African football.
"He's done well for African football and that's why he won the vote. Obviously these people in Europe are wanting him out so that they can have their so-called power. I don't actually know if it will be good for African football."
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Today the disability access amendments to the Copyright Act come into force
Today is an exciting day for Australia’s copyright community – the majority of provisions in the Copyright Amendment (Disability Access and Other Measures) Act 2017 come into force, and with them the most significant changes to Australian copyright law in over a decade.
The first thing that must be said about this Act is to acknowledge just what a big deal it is that it exists at all. Copyright changes only come about once or twice a decade, and these changes are even rarer because they focus on the rights of Australians to use copyright material rather than expanding the rights of copyright owners. The Act introduces new provisions for Australians with a disability, libraries and archives, teachers, and anyone wanting to access and make use of our historic collection. Everyone who worked on it – in the government and in the stakeholder groups – should be proud.
We’ve written about this Act before, summarising the benefits it will provide to all Australians in our blog posts, submissions and press releases. It basically exists because of the Marrakesh Treaty to Facilitate Access to Published Works for Persons Who Are Blind, Visually Impaired or Otherwise Print Disabled (more pithily known as the Marrakesh Treaty), which came into effect on 30 September 2016. The Marrakesh Treaty is a big deal in international copyright law, not only because you don’t get new treaties that often, but because it is the first treaty to focus on the rights of copyright users, rather than copyright creators (similar treaties for schools and libraries are in the works).
Australia was a founding member of the Marrakesh Treaty, and has always been one of its champions. On its ratification the government declared that Australia would introduce new laws that would simplify and streamline the exceptions we already had, to ensure we were world leaders in accessibility rights. And they were true to their word.
Although it took 18 months to finally get them through parliament, the amendments introduced by the Act significantly strengthen the rights of Australians with a disability to create and use accessible versions of copyright works, by replacing the current clunky and bureaucratic accessibility provisions with two new exceptions that are shorter, broader and more flexible. These are a new fair dealing for disability access (s113F) and a new exception for institutions assisting people with a disability (s113E). Both of these exceptions improve on the previous provisions by applying equally to any material you want to use (be it book, film, or audio recording), to any use you want to make (be it copying, adapting or uploading to the cloud) and people with any disability (be it vision, hearing, intellectual, physical or even temporary). In short, from now on you should be able to do anything reasonable that you need to do to allow a person with a disability to access copyright material in the same way as a person without a disability.
But that’s not all the Act does. Somewhere along the line, someone thought that if they were going to be writing a bill anyway, they may as well fix a few more of the niggling problems with Australia’s copyright law – problems that everyone agrees should be fixed, but that no one had got around to. And so we ended up with what people began referring to as the “low hanging fruit” bill. The copyright team at the Department of Communications and the Arts reached out to representatives of the different stakeholders in Australia’s copyright debates to come up with changes that everyone could agree on.
In the end, three changes in addition to the disability access updates made it into the Act (an additional change, the safe harbour extension, was in the original bill, but turned out to be more controversial than originally anticipated and so has been removed for further consultation). The changes are:
A new exception for preservation of library and archive collections that replaces the current confusing and paradoxical exceptions and removes (almost) all restrictions;
Much needed simplification of the statutory licence for education, making it more efficient and effective for rights holders and educational institutions alike; and
Ending the antiquated concept of perpetual copyright for unpublished works, and setting a fixed copyright term for works whose authors are unknown.
For the details, our friends over at the Australian Libraries Copyright Committee have put together excellent fact sheets on how some of the new provisions will work in practice, with more to come.
But maybe the most significant thing about the bill is the cooperative process that brought it about. Copyright policy can be a fraught area, with strong opinions that don’t generally lend themselves to compromise. However, in this case everyone came together – creators, publishers, collecting societies, librarians, teachers, disability and consumer advocates – and came up with significant improvements that will benefit all Australians. Everyone agrees that more changes are needed (though not always what those changes should be or how they should roll out), but it’s a start.
And in 2018 we have a chance to do it all again. The government has committed to conduct a number of copyright reviews looking at recommendations from the Productivity Commission’s IP Inquiry – the need to make it easier for people to use orphan works; to clarify what happens when contracts seek to override copyright exceptions; and most importantly, how to introduce much needed flexibility and adaptability to our copyright law. Although there are going to be some big issues on which agreement cannot be reached, the opportunity exists to draw on the experience of this year to explore some common ground solutions for everyone. Let’s hope that the outcome in 2018 is as positive as 2017.
Author: Jessica Coates
Tags: Copyright Amendment (Disability Access and Other Measures) Act 2017, Copyright and IP treaties, Disability access, Marrakesh Treaty
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ENTRETIEN – Río Turbio / Shady River
Interview with Tatiana Mazú González
1/ In Shady River, named after a mining town called Río Turbio located in Patagonia, you mix family history, especially your aunt’s, and a collective story of women, inscribed in this mining town. How did you come to mix these two levels?
Río Turbio is what’s called « a town of men » and I think of it as a condensation of what the bourgeoisie has turned into the world we inhabit: a sordid mix of destruction of nature with oppressions of class and gender. Personally, it’s the town where my grandmother paradoxically ran away in search of some kind of freedom, and now my family lives there. But it’s also the place where the boy who sexually assaulted me grew up. The initial motivation for making this film is to pull the movement from intimate memories – which in the end never cease to be fragments of history on a large scale – towards the encounter with the women who live daily in that landscape and fight to transform it.
2/ The night, the mist, the snow, the ice are the material of the landscapes you film, in fixed shots. Why these choices?
Sometimes I do the cinematography for my films. I shoot long shots, waiting a little while for the unpredictable. It is due to a certain meditative character that interests me in that passage of time behind the camera. Something of that order happened when I found these hostile and empty spaces that spoke of the silenced place of women. In some ways, it was a performative challenge to be filming so many hours in that kind of outdoor environment, where people and mostly women tend to take refuge from the low temperatures. Over time, I’ve discovered a cinematographic grammar of my own that has led me to develop an affective relationship with the camera tripod, always fixed and at the height of my eyes. A little bit even standing with a certain firmness in front of what surrounds me: « Well, now I’m waiting for what reality is going to give me, without getting physically tired or thinking about choreographies ». I’m very short, very small. So I perceive the world quite from below and I don’t have much physical endurance. I think of that need for men to take up even more space than they already do in the world. I think it’s a camera decision that talks about all that happens to me, but it’s also a metaphor for the place of resistance that the women of Río Turbio have had to consolidate over time.
3/ Between the silence of the places and the stories of the women offscreen, there is also a kind of ‘recorder’, which punctuates the film, and a radio. Can you tell us how you conceived and worked the very specific sound aspect of the film?
Shady River is a film about silence. The first materials I started working with were mute. So, this political notion of the silenced was also present from the beginning. For all this, the work with Julián Galay started very early, when the film was still an idea. I knew that I didn’t want to limit the film to a comment on that stillness, because I’m especially interested in staging stories of resistance. And then I find out that my aunt was taking part with other women in the consolidation of the first feminist radio program in town. And there appeared the reason for the word to enter the film and, with it, a whole spectrum of conflicting sound textures from the radio world. I think that the film unfolds a kind of triangle where sound, noise and voice compete and contradict each other. A bit like this we tried to face the editing process together with Sebastián Zanzottera. First, we listened to the interviews that we had carried out in the town. We started from silence and we were structuring it from the primary intervention of noise, always knowing that at some point the voices would begin to emerge. The audiovisual editing process itself was influenced by the specific weight to which a woman has to raise her voice in this world.
4/ Few people on the screen, except a few mute female figures, at home. Can you explain this choice to separate voices and bodies, as well as the use of the text?
Throughout our stay in Río Turbio we talked in depth with twelve women, close in one way or another to my aunt. Although their stories are heartfelt, thorough and warm, it was always important to me to work with their voices rather than their faces. I was interested in running from that classic tyranny of the foreground, which makes us think that we have to see someone in order to empathize with his or her emotions and experiences. I was also interested in working with the audience’s desire to see them. Neither did I want to individualize, because I wanted to think about the structural, those resonances that cross in different ways all the women who inhabit Shady River and whose stories touch at different points.
5/ Sometimes, some rare archives seem to disturb the film. How did you conceive this aspect?
The film started through a series of notes on different archive materials that I came across over a month and a half. First, the VHS of a childhood vacation in Río Turbio. That’s the moment when I inadvertently see, after many years, images of this boy who had abused me. Then, I found a photo of my grandmother holding a shotgun in the middle of the field. When I tried to scan it, the device pixelated it over and over again. Those broken materials told me about a silenced story. Walter Benjamin says something like the past is waiting for the present to redeem it from its oppression. I think there’s something of that also operating in the way we were assembling the footage with contemporary materials and stories. Those rare broken archives that guide the film have a little to do with all this: a film that’s an open wound, a little bit inaccessible and a little bit denied, like the secrets that we keep.
6/ Among the motives of the film, a lot of technical drawings, sketches, all magnificent. Where do they come from? Why this insistence?
In the arsenal of still images that the film unfolds, I think there’s something very present in my training as a visual artist. Over time, I developed a kind of obsession with scientific illustration as a discipline, with the macro and microscopic representations of nature, with the minimalist poetry of diagrams. The film started to be a movie when I found a manual of underground geology lying on the street. Much of the images that I found abandoned are part of the film today. And, somehow, they were guiding me in the search for other similar materials typical of architecture, anatomy, and physics. These drawings appeared to me like a kind of hieroglyphs that make an indecipherable comment throughout the film. Perhaps the plans of some hidden organization conspire to shake the structures of what oppresses and hurts.
7/ You evoke a local myth, signaling a ban on women, and the chapters of the famous On War by Clausewitz punctuate the film with an explicit final dedication. Film as a weapon?
I’m a political activist. The cinema that interests me is the one that embraces the tension between a programmatic militant cinema and experimental cinema. I think about how certain radical forms can somehow tear that veil of anesthetic normality with which the hegemonic powers are covering the disaster that they leave behind. But cinema is not enough to change the world, and that’s why perhaps I like to think of it as a tool rather than as a weapon. A political and economic revolution is needed – and real weapons. I do believe that cinema can and should be part of these demolition processes and there are beautiful examples in history.
Interviewed by Nicolas Feodoroff
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Visitors enter a restaurant with strict virus precautions in Munich on Nov. 15, 2021. MUST CREDIT: Bloomberg photo by Michaela Handrek-Rehle
It started with a refrain of "Come to Brazil." After "Stranger Things" premiered on Netflix in July 2016, a then-13-year-old Finn Wolfhard logged on to Instagram to find he was rapidly going from unknown Canadian kid to one of the most recognizable young actors in the world. As the flood of three-word requests from new South American fans poured in and his follower count skyrocketed, Wolfhard looked on agape.
Ashley Spencer
Netflix's original programming had already been well underway with critically acclaimed dramas like "House of Cards" and "Orange Is the New Black," but the streaming giant hadn't had a global hit that could inspire such a broad and zealous fan base. When Wolfhard filmed the first season in Atlanta, "the show felt really contained," he said during a recent video call from his home in Los Angeles. "It felt like a thing that was big, but also really small."
But, of course, it wasn't small at all...
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Protecting Britain’s Rivers and Freshwater Species
Friday April 26, 2019
Britain’s freshwater environments are under threat from agricultural pollution, abstraction, obstruction and invasive species. These issues require hands-on, practical solutions supported by good science. Working with farmers, water companies and Government agencies, the Rivers Trust network does just that. With support from the Company, the network has become one of the most influential voices in UK freshwater management and now consists of over 70 catchment-based charities working to tackle the key issues in freshwater management.
Knightwick weir on the river Teme near Worcester is breached, opening up historic spawning grounds for Shad for the first time since the early nineteenth century
One example of the network’s work to reverse, rather than simply halt the declines in freshwater biodiversity is the “Unlocking the Severn” project. Managed by the Severn Rivers Trust, the project will reopen 158 miles of the river, allowing migratory fish to access critical spawning grounds. Weirs have already been removed at two sites on the River Teme whilst work has begun on two of the four state of the art fish passes located on weirs on the Severn.
Children from Powick School, near Worcester, being shown the exciting work on the River Teme
This ground-breaking project aims not only to secure the future of the Severn’s salmon and other protected fish species but to reconnect eight million people with the river, working with over 200 school classes, 100 community groups and generating thousands of volunteering opportunities.
Jonathan White, Chairman of the Rivers Trust described the project as “one of the largest river restoration projects ever attempted in Europe…this will help secure the long-term future of the Severn’s salmon population and many of the UK’s declining and protected fish species”
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Ex-Canadian diplomat held in China
The International Crisis Group says it is working for Mr Kovrig’s release
A former Canadian diplomat has reportedly been detained in China and his current employer says it is working for his “prompt and safe release”.
The International Crisis Group said it was “aware of reports” of Michael Kovrig’s detention.
Details are not yet clear. The news comes days after Canadian authorities arrested a top executive of the Chinese telecoms giant Huawei in Vancouver.
It is not known if there is a link between the two cases.
Tensions between Canada and China have been high over the arrest of Meng Wanzhou, Huawei’s chief financial officer and daughter of its founder, on Saturday 1 December.
Mr Kovrig had previously worked as a diplomat in Beijing, Hong Kong and at the UN in New York.
Canada’s ministry of foreign affairs has not confirmed the report by Reuters news agency, which cited two unnamed sources.
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Mr Kovrig has been working since February 2017 as North East Asia senior advisor for the International Crisis Group, a Brussels-based think tank that focuses on conflict reduction research.
He worked with Canada’s foreign affairs ministry between 2010 and 2016 and was posted in Hong Kong and Beijing between 2012 and 2016.
Ms Meng faces extradition to the US on charges of fraud related to sanctions-breaking business dealings with Iran.
She could be jailed for up to 30 years if found guilty.
Meng Wanzhou was arrested in Vancouver on 1 December
China has demanded that Canada release of Ms Meng or face consequences.
She is scheduled to appear on Tuesday in the Supreme Court of British Columbia for the third day of her bail hearing.
Her husband has offered C$15m ($11m; £9m) – C$1m in cash and the couple’s two homes in Canada – as surety for Ms Meng’s release.
Canadian Crown prosecutors have asked for bail to be denied because they believe the wealthy executive poses a flight risk.
China’s foreign ministry also insisted on Tuesday that Canada failed to promptly notify Beijing immediately about Ms Meng’s arrest, according to a state media report.
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in: Van Cortlandt (surname), Surname articles, Political families of the United States,
Van Cortlandt family
American politician stubs
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Van Cortlandt
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The Van Cortlandt family was an influential political dynasty from the seventeenth-century Dutch origins of New York through its period as an English colony, then after it became a state, and into the nineteenth century. Van Cortlandt Park in Bronx, New York derives its name from the family. The town of Cortlandt to the north, in Westchester County, New York carries the family name as well.
Notable family members include:
Jacobus Van Cortlandt
Pierre Van Cortlandt, Jr.
Stephanus Van Cortlandt
Philip Van Cortlandt
Pierre Van Cortlandt
This American politician-related article is a stub. You can help by expanding it.
This page uses content from the English language Wikipedia. The original content was at Van Cortlandt family. The list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with this Familypedia wiki, the content of Wikipedia is available under the Creative Commons License.
Van Cortlandt (surname)
Surname articles
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Home Analysis Slavia Prague: A fallen giant back on its’ track – Souček the...
Slavia Prague: A fallen giant back on its’ track – Souček the first export of many to come
Maxi Angelo
If you’ve missed Tomáš Souček’s meteoric rise this season, you’ve probably lived under a rock. The Czech international has taken West Ham’s midfield – and the entire team – to new heights as ”The Hammers” surprisingly are fighting for a Champions League spot with his 8 goals in 22 appearances.
Souček joined West Ham in the summer of 2020 for around £14,2 million and has been an instant success. But those who’ve known him before his move to the Premier League are not surprised. The 25-year-old defensive midfielder was a part of one of the most successful Slavia Prague teams in the club’s 129-year-old history, as they won the Czech league and the Czech cup two times each in the last five years. That, with Souček at the base of the midfield.
The Slavia academy graduate won the Czech league Player of The Year in 2019, and in 2020 he was awarded best Czech player. But the matter of fact is, that Souček was only one of many in Slavia’s coming generation of academy products.
Historically, Slavia’s academy has produced the likes of Josef ”Pepi” Bican (ex-top scorer in world football), Antonín Puč (all-time leading goalscorer of the Czech national team), František Plánička (one of the most decorated Czech players ever), Patrick Berger, Vladimír Šmicer, Ivo Knoflíček, and František Veselý. But in modern history, their most notable players are Jakub Jankto, Antonin Barak, Jiri Pavlenka – up until the current generation and crop of players.
So, what has changed? Why has Slavia all of a sudden become one of the Czech Republic’s most thriving clubs and academies again? It starts with a new owner.
The club was on a terrific path from 2007 to 2010 when they won back-to-back league titles. But then it got exposed that the club owed 112 million Czech koruna to their previous owner EINC Sports Ltd. That led to major cost-cutting and the squad got purged on almost every single one of their best players. It got so bad that the club had to abandon a cup semifinal in 2011 against Olomouc because of fans storming the pitch in protest of the toxic financial situation the club was in.
But then came new owners in 2015. A Chinese conglomerate called CEFC China Energy Company, and since 2018 the owners are Sinobo Group and CITIC Group. Czech football expert, Pavel Jahoda, explain to FootballElements:
– Now, Slavia has the strongest position in modern history of Czech football because of their Chinese owners, who provided lots of money at the start, management staff (directors, scouts), and coaching staff. That was the most important since the manager Jindřich Trpišovský and his staff have a demanding style of play, but that style of play is the reason why guys like Tomas Souček and Vladimír Coufal have made such big improvements in their careers. It’s also why they’re so good in Premier League and capable of playing there. You can see it in the entire Slavia team that players are improving under Trpišovský – if they fit in his style, says Jahoda and continues:
– Trpišovský likes to work with players he knows. For example with Coufal and Souček, he worked with them in one of his previous teams. But, it doesn’t mean that he is not able to work with players that he doesn’t know.
The new owners did not just invest in the first team and their staff, but they invested in the academy to secure the future as well – and it will only continue to become better.
– Slavia’s academy is one of the best and most improved. That is also connected with the change of owners. The chairman of the Board, Jaroslav Tvrdik, one of the reasons for the club’s improvement, said a few months after taking over that he would like to build a big academy with many pitches, etc. But at the moment that is still a plan in the works, not reality.
But who are the players of Slavia’s upcoming generation? There are quite a few of them and at the moment, not all of them are Slavia academy graduates. But the main names are Abdallah Sima, David Zima, Peter Olyainka, and Lukas Povrod.
Abdallah Sima is a Senegalese 19-year-old striker, who at the moment is seen as the club’s next big export. This season, Sima has registered 17 goals and 4 assists in 24 appearances for the club – 10 goals and 3 assists in 12 league appearances.
With his 188cm’s he’s a tank of a striker. He’s aerially dominant, has great anticipation and movement in the box, and a clinical scorer. His build is big-sized and very athletic, but even though he mainly slots into the target man category, Sima is also technical and has pace with the capability of taking deep runs in-behind the opposition defenses.
Even though he hasn’t been brought up in the Slavia academy, he’s still somewhat seen as a Slavia product due to his young age when he joined the club.
But even though Sima is the talk of the town in the Czech league, another Slavia talent is taking great strides under the radar according to Jahoda.
– The most promising is Sima, of course, who is a fantastic player and everybody in the Czech league is talking about him. But, another very interesting name is David Zima. He’s a centre-back and is only 20-years-old. Since he moved to Slavia, he is making big steps in his career and, in my opinion, he’s too good for both the team and the league, says Jahoda.
As for Peter Olayinka and Lukas Povrod are two productive wingers in Trpišovský’s side.
25-year-old Olayinka signed for the club in 2018 and has grown tremendously under Trpišovskýs guidance. A big-sized and rather quick left-winger who is a big threat in front of goal. So far, he’s provided 9 goals and 3 assists in 22 appearances.
Provod, on the other hand, is a jack-of-all-trades. He can play left-wing, right-wing, central midfielder, and defensive midfielder. This season he’s registered 4 goals and 7 assists in 21 appearances – but in his defense, he’s been rotated a lot. Out of his 10 appearances: 10 has been at left-wing, 5 as a defensive midfielder, 4 at right-wing, 1 as central midfielder, and 1 as left midfielder.
But nevertheless, Slavia Prague is on a great path again after five years of major financial troubles and lack of titles. They now have two back-to-back league titles and are currently leading the league by 12 points. On top of that, they’re in the Europa League knockout stages and are exporting some of the best Czech players to the top five leagues. Souček and Coufal may have been the first of the pack to find their way out in Europe, but there are many players still at Slavia waiting for their turn – which will come.
http://www.footballelements.com
Just a guy in love with the beautiful game.
Luis Campos: The unequaled genius who revolutionized the sporting director profession
Burkina Faso – Africa’s next high flyer?
Marcelo Gallardo: The unpredictable tactician all of Europe is after
Interview: Analyzing Real Madrid’s Japanese sensation Takefusa Kubo’s debut La Liga-season...
From not wanted to one of the hottest strikers in Europe...
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Robert Geoffrey Edwards's Study of in vitro Mammalian Oocyte Maturation, 1960 to 1965
In a series of experiments between 1960 and 1965, Robert Geoffrey Edwards discovered how to make mammalian egg cells, or oocytes, mature outside of a female's body. Edwards, working at several research institutions in the UK during this period, studied in vitro fertilization (IVF) methods. He measured the conditions and timings for in vitro (out of the body) maturation of oocytes from diverse mammals including mice, rats, hamsters, pigs, cows, sheep, and rhesus monkeys, as well as humans.
Subject: Experiments, Reproduction
"Maternal consumption of peanut during pregnancy is associated with peanut sensitization in atopic infants" (2010), by Scott Sicherer, et al.
In 2010, a team of US researchers concluded that the more peanuts a pregnant woman ate during her pregnancy, the more likely her newborn was to be sensitive to peanuts. They published their results in 2010's "Maternal consumption of peanut during pregnancy is associated with peanut sensitization in atopic infants." The work resulted from the collaboration of Scott Sicherer and Hugh Sampson, both from the Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, in New York, New York along with other colleagues.
“Effect of Air Quality on Assisted Human Reproduction” (2010), by Richard Legro, Mark V. Sauer, Gilbert L. Mottla, Kevin S. Richter, Xian Li, William C. Dodson, and Duanping Liao
In the early 2000s, Richard S. Legro, Mark V. Sauer, Gilbert L. Mottla, Kevin S. Richter, William C. Dodson, and Duanping Liao studied the relationship between air pollution and reproductive complications. In the United States, Legro’s team tracked thousands of women undergoing in vitro fertilization, or IVF, along with the air quality of both the IVF clinics and patients’ home locations.
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test for Gestational Diabetes
In the twentieth century, researchers developed the oral glucose tolerance test, or OGTT, as a method to diagnose different types of diabetes, a medical condition that causes blood sugar levels to become abnormally high. During the test, a healthcare provider measures a person’s blood sugar levels before and after the person consumes a predetermined amount of glucose solution. While not exclusively used for pregnant women, an OGTT may test for gestational diabetes which, according to the International Diabetes Federation, affected one in six pregnancies worldwide in 2019.
Subject: Technologies, Reproduction, Experiments
China's First Baby Conceived through In Vitro Fertilization-Embryonic Transfer, by Zhang Lizhu's Research Team
On 10 March 1988, China's first baby conceived through human in vitro fertilization (IVF) and embryo transfer (ET), commonly referred to as a test-tube baby, was born at the Peking Hospital (PUTH) in Beijing. This birth was reported in numerous media reports as a huge step forward in China's long march to keep pace with global advances in science and technology. Led by gynecologist Zhang Lizhu, the PUTH research team had devoted more than four years to the human IVF-ET project.
Rock-Menkin Experiments
Dr. John Rock, a doctor of obstetrics and gynecology in Boston, and Miriam Menkin, Rock s hired lab technician, were the first researchers to fertilize a human egg outside of a human body in February of 1944. Their work was published on 4 August 1944 in an issue of Science in an article entitled "In Vitro Fertilization and Cleavage of Human Ovarian Eggs." This experiment marked the first time in history that a human embryo was produced outside of the human body, proving that in vitro fertilization was possible in humans.
Robert Geoffrey Edwards and Patrick Christopher Steptoe's Clinical Research in Human in vitro Fertilization and Embryo Transfer, 1969-1980
The biomedical accomplishment of human in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) took years to become the successful technique that presently enables infertile couples to have their own children. In 1969, more than ten years after the first attempts to treat infertilities with IVF technologies, the British developmental biologist Robert Geoffrey Edwards fertilized human oocytes in a Petri dish for the first time.
Robert Geoffrey Edwards's Study of Fertilization of Human Oocytes Matured in vitro, 1965 to 1969
Robert Geoffrey Edwards, a British developmental biologist at University of Cambridge, began exploring human in vitro fertilization (IVF) as a way to treat infertility in 1960. After successfully overcoming the problem of making mammalian oocytes mature in vitro in 1965, Edwards began to experiment with fertilizing matured eggs in vitro. Collaborating with other researchers, Edwards eventually fertilized a human egg in vitro in 1969. This was a huge step towards establishing human IVF as a viable fertility treatment.
"Transfer of Fetal Cells with Multilineage Potential to Maternal Tissue" (2004), by Kiarash Khosrotehrani et al.
In 2004, a team of researchers at Tufts-New England
Medical Center in Boston, Massachusetts, investigated the fetal
cells that remained in the maternal blood stream after pregnancy.
The results were published in Transfer of Fetal Cells with
Multilineage Potential to Maternal Tissue. The team working on that
research included Kiarash Khosrotehrani, Kirby L. Johnson, Dong
Hyun Cha, Robert N. Salomon, and Diana W. Bianchi. The researchers
reported that the fetal cells passed to a pregnant woman during
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Biggest trends in congresses in 2021 according to PCO Colloquium
After more than a year of organizing virtual and hybrid events, PCO Colloqium gives us its feedback on the organization of these types of congresses, as well as the key figures resulting from the surveys they have conducted. Interview with Elvire De Chalus, Director of Colloquium.
1) What is Colloquium and how did you experience the year 2020?
Colloquium is one of the historical PCOs in the French market. For more than 60 years, we have been working with numerous learned societies and professional associations, whether for the organization of major congresses or for more specialized digital projects.
In many respects, the year 2020 has been extremely rewarding as it has allowed us to innovate with our clients at high speed and accelerate the digital transition of their congresses. For example, we created Viewr, our own broadcasting platform for virtual events. In the end, our activity never stopped, and we set up a dozen digital congresses that welcomed nearly 15,000 participants. Today, all of this provides us with a solid base of feedback and figures that will help us make the transition to hybrid congresses.
2) What trends emerge from this data?
The first thing we learned from the surveys we conducted* is that, while participants are pleased with the return of in-person conferences, a large majority of them hope to be able to continue to take advantage of a digital version (47% expect a hybrid conference and 13% a 100% virtual conference). 90% of the hybrid supporters are in favour of access to on-demand content and 64% of them hope that this formula will allow them to train a larger number of people. As for the supporters of 100% virtual, the criteria of saving time (65%) and money (50%) prevail.
In fact, if we talk money, the congresses that had a virtual edition (excluding those that were penalized by cancellation fees) managed to maintain 70% to 80% of their results. The prerequisite to this is of course that registration to a congress, even a virtual one, must be paid for. Our clients have generally chosen to apply a virtual registration rate of 75% of the in-person rate and their congresses have maintained registration levels between 50% and 70%. Sponsor support also helped associations get through the difficult 2020 milestone. And finally, the associations that won were those that maintained a paid virtual event in a period when the physical event was not possible.
On another note, we looked at the consumption of video content during and after virtual congresses**. First and foremost, it is important to keep in mind that between 35% and 55% of the participants are only connected to the congress for one day. The rest of their "consumption" is done in replay. On average, a little less than half of the participants watch replay sessions (and 6% of them only watch replay). The profile of live and replayed content is quite different. For example, 90% of the official sessions are watched live. The preferred content for replays are formats that are very much oriented towards daily practices, such as workshops, reports or recommendations, of which one third of the viewing is done in replay. Another interesting point is that a quarter of the industry symposiums are viewed on replay.
A rather counter-intuitive element, however, is the share of foreign participants. For congresses that generally gather between 20% and 30% of foreign attendees in a physical format, the figure is between 5% and 10% in a 100% digital format. We thought that the virtual format would allow more foreigners to access the content, but this was not the case.
These figures are an interesting insight, especially when it comes to making decisions for the implementation of hybrid congresses, which are of course the main issue for this year in 2021. At first sight, it would be tempting to propose a retransmission of the plenary rooms with the intention of making the most prestigious content of the congress available to as many people as possible. However, the expectation in terms of on-demand consumption is clearly elsewhere.
The same goes for sponsors! Of course, they will have missed the physical meeting, but are they ready to give up the replay consultations that often allow their content to be more widely distributed?
3) How has communication evolved? What types of communication are put in place for a hybrid or virtual event?
The communication of the congresses has evolved a lot during the last year. Where the exercise was rather unchanging before the Covid-19 crisis, more spontaneous and therefore ultimately more communicative operations have emerged. Our clients played the game to produce videos but also to propose a more editorial reading of their program by selecting, commenting, and enhancing certain sessions. For example, we have chosen to group sessions by theme to offer content to physicians in subspecialties who might not have come to the conference in person. This exercise of bias is rather new and allowed us to represent events that were in danger of losing their personality by going digital. And let's not forget that if we recommend to our clients not to make their digital congresses free... well it is important to boost registrations as well as connections until the last minute and even after the congress.
4) One of the most important aspects in the organization of a congress is sponsorship, how do you approach it in a hybrid or virtual congress context?
This question is essential! It is crucial for associations and the subject on which there is still the most work and the most uncertainty. Hybrid formats are popular with the public, but they are expensive to produce and we believe that this will not be possible without the full support of sponsors. The congress sponsorship offer has not finished its mutation. The digital component cannot be reduced to a digital stand (which sponsors no longer want). We were particularly attentive to this point when we created our video content platform Viewr. We worked on the best way to make sponsors' videos visible, on the integration of digital advertising but also and on data collection. Today we are working on marketing hybrid events by proposing an approach by message and by audience.
* Satisfaction questionnaires sent to participants of 8 virtual congresses held between September 2020 and March 2021 (1,079 respondents)
** Study carried out on the basis of attendance figures for virtual congresses organized by Colloquium
Congress organizer (PCO)
Opéra - Grands Boulevards
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Discover Versailles and its congress centre ‘Versailles Palais des Congrès’!
Situated on Place d’Armes, opposite the famous Palace, Versailles Palais des Congrès opens its doors in December to welcome your events.
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Home > case
Canada Ballpark
A baseball/softball game is played by two teams who alternate between offense and defense. There are nine players on each side. The goal is to score more runs than the opponent, which is achieved by one circuit of four bases that are placed on the diamond.
The defense wears baseball/softball gloves, a leather contraption that fits on the hand, to catch the ball. A baseball is a white ball roughly three inches in diameter with red stitching. A softball is roughly twice as big, sometimes yellow (but no softer).
The offense uses a bat, which is made of wood in the professional ranks, and likely made of aluminum or a metal composite at amateur levels. Almost all softball bats are aluminum or metal.
The part of the field closest to the bases is called the infield, and the grassy farther reaches is called the outfield.
The bases are 90 feet apart on the diamond, closer in children's leagues and softball. Other fields are variable, and the outfield fences or the amount of “foul territory” - the amount of ground that borders the field between the long white lines that connect first base to home plate and third base to home plate – varies from field to field.
Defense: The Positions
There's a pitcher in the middle of the mound who initiates the action by throwing the ball toward home plate. The catcher catches the ball if it's not hit. The infielders are the first baseman, second baseman, shortstop (between second and third base) and the third baseman. There are three outfielders: The left fielder, center fielder and right fielder.
There are nine innings in professional baseball games (sometimes fewer in lower levels), and each inning is divided in half to the top of the inning (when the visiting team hits and the home team plays defense) and the bottom of the inning (when the home team hits and the visiting team plays defense).
Each team gets three outs in each half of the innings.
On Offense
Each team has nine players in its batting order, and they must stick to that order throughout the game (players may substitute in for other players). A play begins with a batter waiting to hit a pitch from the pitcher. If the batter hits the ball into the field of play, the batter runs to first base and can run to as many bases as he or she deems fit without getting "out."
A batter gets three strikes (a swing and a miss or a ball over the plate in what's deemed the “strike zone” by an umpire) or he or she is out. If there are four balls (a pitch that is not in the “strike zone”), the batter is automatically allowed to go to first base.
When a batter begins running, he or she is then referred to as a "runner". Runners attempt to reach a base, where they are "safe" and can remain on the base until the next hitter comes up. The defensive players attempt to prevent this by putting the runners out using the ball; runners put out must leave the field.
A batter gets a "hit" when he or she reaches a base without getting out, or forcing another runner to get out (and without the defense making an error). Runs are scored when a player completes a circuit of the diamond before there are three outs in the inning.
If a players hits the ball over the outfield fence in fair territory (between the foul lines), it's a home run, and the batter can circle all four bases.
On Defense
There are many ways that the team on defense can get an offensive player out. Four common ways are:
Strikeouts (hitter misses three pitches)
Force outs (when, after the ball is hit, the defensive player with the ball reaches a base before the runner)
Fly outs (when a player hits the ball in the air and it's caught by a defensive player before the ball hits the ground)
Tag outs (when a runner is touched with the ball, or a glove with the ball in it)
How Does Softball Differ?
In fast-pitch softball, the pitcher throws the ball underhand instead over overhand, and the field is about 1/3 smaller all around. Games typically last only seven innings.
On the Olympic level, softball is a women's sport, but both sports are played by men and women throughout the world. Slow-pitch softball, when the pitch is underhand and lobbed, is generally played on a recreational basis.
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PM urges shift to innovation industries
The Ministry of Industry and Trade should reduce industrial development’s dependence on natural resources while fostering innovation-based industries, Prime Minister Nguyen Xuan Phuc said on Jan. 6.
VNA Friday, January 06, 2017 18:56
Trade ministry strives to meet surging demand during Tet
Tuesday, January 03, 2017 14:39
Committee set up to fix MoIT projects
Thursday, December 22, 2016 11:17
Ministry announces list of prestigious exporters
Tuesday, December 13, 2016 11:07
Textile industry urged to develop supply chain
Sunday, December 11, 2016 14:47
Gov’t policy must spur e-payment: MoIT
Wednesday, November 23, 2016 09:53
Prime Minister Nguyen Xuan Phuc speaks at the teleconference of the Ministry of Industry and Trade (Photo: VNA)
Hanoi (VNA) – The Ministry of Industry and Trade (MoIT) should reduce industrial development’s dependence on natural resources while fostering innovation-based industries, Prime Minister Nguyen Xuan Phuc said on January 6.
At a teleconference to set up tasks for the MoIT this year, the PM emphasised that science-technology and innovation are an important development direction of Vietnam’s industrial sector.
He noted in the short term, alongside high added-value industries, the country still has to rely on natural resource-based and labour intensive industries.
To develop a nation with strong competitiveness, a fair business environment for all people and businesses must be created first. This is a critical task of a growth-facilitating Government of which the MoIT is a member, he said.
Outlining tasks for the sector in the year, PM Phuc told the MoIT to thoroughly deal with the big loss-making projects under its remit, reiterating that money from the State budget must not be wasted further on these projects.
The ministry needs to devise policies for developing some important industries such as automobile, electronics and mechanics while stepping up trade promotion. It should also encourage all economic sectors, including State-owned enterprises, FDI firms, equitised companies, and cooperatives, to engage in developing industry and trade, he added.
The Government leader also instructed developing support industries and industries serving agriculture, especially hi-tech agriculture. He suggested a campaign be launched to promote industries that serve hi-tech agriculture so as to turn hi-tech agriculture into a strength of Vietnam.
At the meeting, he also applauded the industry and trade sector’s contributions to the national development, adding that processing and manufacturing grew 11.2 percent last year, compared to 10.5 percent in 2015. The total retail sales of goods and services also expanded 10.2 percent, compared to 9.72 percent in the previous year.
The PM praised the campaign “Vietnamese people prioritise using Vietnamese goods” as effective and the fight against smuggling, trade fraud, counterfeits and low-quality goods has been improved.
PM Phuc also pointed out certain shortcomings such as many loss-making projects, ineffective development strategies for some industries, problematic management of the domestic market and cross-border trade, sluggish re-organisation of State-owned companies, and controversial appointment of some officials.
Reporting on his sector’s performance, MoIT Minister Tran Tuan Anh said the whole industrial sector expanded by 7.5 percent in 2016. While mining contracted 5.9 percent, processing and manufacturing rose 11.2 percent.
There remain big issues, he noted, elaborating that industrial growth still depended on the increase of the business number, investment capital and labour. Domestic firms are now only able to do sub-contracting work with low added value and have to import a large volume of raw materials. Oil extraction has hit its limit while investment in exploration activities is facing difficulties.
Export revenue was nearly 176 billion USD in 2016, a year-on-year rise of 8.6 percent but lower than the growth target of 10 percent, the minister said, noting that about 70 percent of the turnover was contributed by foreign invested firms.
Vietnam recorded a trade surplus of 2.68 billion USD last year, which Anh considered as a result of the industry and trade sector’s efforts amid disadvantages in global markets such as falling prices of many key commodities, including crude oil and agricultural and aquatic products.-VNA
Ministry of Industry and Trade innovation industries hi-tech agriculture export revenue
Preparation accelerated for SEA Games 31
Relevant agencies and localities in Vietnam are speeding up preparations for the 31st Southeast Asian Games (SEA Games) which is scheduled to be held from May 12 to 23 this year.
Congratulatory messages exchanged to mark 72nd anniversary of Vietnam-China diplomatic ties
Top Vietnamese and Chinese leaders have exchanged their messages of congratulations on the occasion of the 72nd anniversary of Vietnam-China diplomatic relations (January 18, 1950 - 2022).
President Nguyen Xuan Phuc, who is also Chairman of the National Defence-Security Council and Commander of the people’s armed forces, inspected combat readiness for the Lunar New Year (Tet) festival at the Military Region 5 High Command in the central city of Da Nang on January 16.
NA Standing Committee's 7th session to open on January 18
The National Assembly (NA) Standing Committee will hold its 7th session in Hanoi on January 18 and 19, according to the NA Office.
Top legislator extends condolences over passing of EU Parliament President
Vietnamese National Assembly Chairman Vuong Dinh Hue has sent a letter of condolences to First Vice President of the European Parliament (EP) Roberta Metsola over the passing of EP President David Sassoli.
Vietnam always opposes and does not accept all claims in the East Sea that are inconsistent with international law, including the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (1982 UNCLOS), spokesperson of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs Le Thi Thu Hang said on January 14.
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Borough in New Jersey
Borough of Dunellen
"The Railroad Town"[1]
"Small Enough to Know You, Large Enough to Serve You."[1]
Dunellen highlighted in Middlesex County. Inset: location of Middlesex County highlighted in the State of New Jersey.
Census Bureau map of Dunellen, New Jersey
Location in Middlesex County
Show map of Middlesex County, New Jersey
Location in New Jersey
Show map of New Jersey
Show map of the United States
Coordinates: 40°35′25″N 74°27′56″W / 40.590294°N 74.465652°W / 40.590294; -74.465652Coordinates: 40°35′25″N 74°27′56″W / 40.590294°N 74.465652°W / 40.590294; -74.465652[2][3]
Dunellen station
Jason F. Cilento (R, term ends December 31, 2023)[4]
• Administrator
William M. Robins[5]
• Municipal clerk
0.00 sq mi (0.00 km2) 0.00%
495th of 565 in state
23rd of 25 in county[2]
(2010 Census)[9][10][11]
(2019)[12]
21st of 25 in county[13]
6,894.8/sq mi (2,662.1/km2)
• Density rank
66th of 566 in state
4th of 25 in county[13]
UTC−05:00 (Eastern (EST))
UTC−04:00 (Eastern (EDT))
08812[14][15]
732 and 908[16]
3402318490[2][17][18]
0885198[2][19]
dunellenborough.net
Dunellen /dʌ.nɛl.ən/ is a borough in Middlesex County, New Jersey, United States. It is located within the Raritan Valley region. As of the 2010 United States Census, the borough's population was 7,227,[9][10][11] reflecting an increase of 404 (+5.9%) from the 6,823 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn increased by 295 (+4.5%) from the 6,528 counted in the 1990 Census.[20]
Dunellen was formed as a borough by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on October 28, 1887, when it broke away from Piscataway Township, based on the results of a referendum held on March 23, 1886. Dunellen's incorporation was confirmed on April 15, 1914.[21] The borough was named for the Dunellen station of the Central Railroad of New Jersey.[22]
3.1 Census 2010
4 Government
4.1 Local government
4.2 Federal, state and county representation
4.3 Politics
6.1 Roads and highways
6.2 Public transportation
9 International relations
9.1 Twin towns — Sister cities
The earliest inhabitants of the area that would become Dunellen were the Lenape Native Americans; several Lenape sites in Dunellen were identified as part of a comprehensive survey in 1915.[23][24] European settlers were drawn to the area as early as 1682, attracted by the productive agricultural land.[25]
Railroad access from New York City to present-day Dunellen began in 1840.[26] Dunellen grew from its start in 1867 with the construction of a railroad station, which was originally called New Market station, serving the nearby community of the same name in Piscataway.[27] When it was originally constructed, the tracks were at grade level with North Avenue and the railroad was the Elizabethtown and Somerville Railroad, which later became part of the Central Railroad of New Jersey. The Central Railroad of New Jersey, created the residential development in the area which it owned surrounding its train station.[26] The railroad brought industry to the area.
The Art Color factory built in 1925 was Dunellen's principal industry and produced as many as 10 million magazines a month. The W. F. Hall Printing Company of Chicago bought Art Color in 1931, and ran it until 1968, when it closed the plant there.[28]
Geography[edit]
According to the United States Census Bureau, the borough had a total area of 1.06 square miles (2.75 km2), all of which was land.[2][3] Dunellen is in the Raritan Valley, a line of communities in central New Jersey. Dunellen is in the central division along with Bound Brook, South Bound Brook and Middlesex.
The borough borders Middlesex and Piscataway Township in Middlesex County; Green Brook Township in Somerset County; and Plainfield in Union County.[29][30][31]
Demographics[edit]
2019 (est.) 7,202 [12][32][33] −0.3%
Population sources:
1880-1920[34] 1880-1890[35]
1930-1990[38] 2000[39][40] 2010[9][10][11]
Census 2010[edit]
The 2010 United States census counted 7,227 people, 2,566 households, and 1,763 families in the borough. The population density was 6,894.8 per square mile (2,662.1/km2). There were 2,683 housing units at an average density of 2,559.7 per square mile (988.3/km2). The racial makeup was 73.46% (5,309) White, 8.62% (623) Black or African American, 0.26% (19) Native American, 4.51% (326) Asian, 0.06% (4) Pacific Islander, 9.67% (699) from other races, and 3.42% (247) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 26.75% (1,933) of the population.[9]
Of the 2,566 households, 33.0% had children under the age of 18; 49.4% were married couples living together; 13.3% had a female householder with no husband present and 31.3% were non-families. Of all households, 24.9% were made up of individuals and 7.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.81 and the average family size was 3.36.[9]
23.7% of the population were under the age of 18, 8.8% from 18 to 24, 30.9% from 25 to 44, 26.8% from 45 to 64, and 9.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37.1 years. For every 100 females, the population had 101.3 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older there were 100.4 males.[9]
The Census Bureau's 2006-2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income was $74,375 (with a margin of error of +/- $13,504) and the median family income was $88,527 (+/- $13,868). Males had a median income of $48,542 (+/- $13,495) versus $43,920 (+/- $12,613) for females. The per capita income for the borough was $30,960 (+/- $3,015). About 5.6% of families and 8.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.8% of those under age 18 and 9.5% of those age 65 or over.[41]
As of the 2000 United States Census[17] there were 6,823 people, 2,451 households, and 1,710 families residing in the borough. The population density was 6,573.9 people per square mile (2,533.1/km2). There were 2,520 housing units at an average density of 2,428.0 per square mile (935.6/km2). The racial makeup of the borough was 84.07% White, 3.66% African American, 0.25% Native American, 3.56% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 6.38% from other races, and 2.07% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 14.80% of the population.[39][40]
There were 2,451 households, out of which 33.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.4% were married couples living together, 10.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.2% were non-families. 23.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.75 and the average family size was 3.30.[39][40]
In the borough the population was spread out, with 24.9% under the age of 18, 6.9% from 18 to 24, 36.0% from 25 to 44, 20.9% from 45 to 64, and 11.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.2 males.[39][40]
The median income for a household in the borough was $59,205, and the median income for a family was $67,188. Males had a median income of $45,000 versus $34,130 for females. The per capita income for the borough was $26,529. About 1.4% of families and 3.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 2.0% of those under age 18 and 4.2% of those age 65 or over.[39][40]
Government[edit]
Local government[edit]
Dunellen is governed under the Borough form of New Jersey municipal government, which is used in 218 municipalities (of the 565) statewide, making it the most common form of government in New Jersey.[42] The governing body is comprised of the Mayor and the Borough Council, with all positions elected at-large on a partisan basis as part of the November general election. A Mayor is elected directly by the voters to a four-year term of office. The Borough Council is comprised of six members elected to serve three-year terms on a staggered basis, with two seats coming up for election each year in a three-year cycle.[7] The Borough form of government used by Dunellen is a "weak mayor / strong council" government in which council members act as the legislative body with the mayor presiding at meetings and voting only in the event of a tie. The mayor can veto ordinances subject to an override by a two-thirds majority vote of the council. The mayor makes committee and liaison assignments for council members, and most appointments are made by the mayor with the advice and consent of the council.[43][44]
As of 2022[update], the Mayor of Dunellen is Republican Jason F. Cilento, whose term of office ends December 31, 2023. Members of the Borough Council (with party and term-end year in parentheses) are Council President Trina Rios (R, 2022), Harold VanDermark (D, 2022 by special election), Daniel Cole Sigmon (R, 2022), Jessica Dunne (D, 2023), Teresa Albertson (R, 2024), and Joseph Paltjon (R, 2024).[45][46][47][48][49][50]
Federal, state and county representation[edit]
Dunellen is located in the 12th Congressional District[51] and is part of New Jersey's 22nd state legislative district.[10][52][53] Prior to the 2010 Census, Dunellen had been part of the 6th Congressional District, a change made by the New Jersey Redistricting Commission that took effect in January 2013, based on the results of the November 2012 general elections.[54]
For the 117th United States Congress, New Jersey's Twelfth Congressional District is represented by Bonnie Watson Coleman (D, Ewing Township).[55][56] New Jersey is represented in the United States Senate by Democrats Cory Booker (Newark, term ends 2027)[57] and Bob Menendez (Harrison, term ends 2025).[58][59]
For the 2022–2023 session, the 22nd Legislative District of the New Jersey Legislature is represented in the State Senate by Nicholas Scutari (D, Linden) and in the General Assembly by Linda S. Carter (D, Plainfield) and James J. Kennedy (D, Rahway).[60]
Middlesex County is governed by a Board of Commissioners, whose seven members are elected at-large on a partisan basis to serve three-year terms of office on a staggered basis, with either two or three seats coming up for election each year as part of the November general election. At an annual reorganization meeting held in January, the board selects from among its members a Commissioner Director and Deputy Director. As of 2021[update], Middlesex County's Commissioners (with party affiliation, term-end year, and residence listed in parentheses) are[61] Commissioner Director Ronald G. Rios (D, term ends December 31, 2021, Carteret; Ex-officio on all committees),Commissioner Deputy Director Shanti Narra (D, 2021; North Brunswick), Claribel A. Azcona-Barber (D, 2022, New Brunswick), Charles Kenny (D, 2022, Woodbridge Township), Leslie Koppel (D, 2023, Monroe), Charles E. Tomaro (D, 2023, Edison) and Chanelle Scott McCullum (D, 2021, Piscataway).
Constitutional officers are[62] County Clerk Nancy J. Pinkin (D, 2025, East Brunswick), Sheriff Mildred S. Scott (D, 2022, Piscataway) and Surrogate Claribel Cortes (D, 2021; North Brunswick).
Politics[edit]
As of March 23, 2011, there were a total of 3,775 registered voters in Dunellen, of which 1,063 (28.2%) were registered as Democrats, 726 (19.2%) were registered as Republicans and 1,983 (52.5%) were registered as Unaffiliated. There were 3 voters registered to other parties.[63]
In the 2012 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 56.1% of the vote (1,387 cast), ahead of Republican Mitt Romney with 42.3% (1,047 votes), and other candidates with 1.6% (39 votes), among the 2,488 ballots cast by the borough's 3,842 registered voters (15 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 64.8%.[64][65] In the 2008 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 52.9% of the vote (1,478 cast), ahead of Republican John McCain with 44.5% (1,244 votes) and other candidates with 1.8% (50 votes), among the 2,794 ballots cast by the borough's 3,883 registered voters, for a turnout of 72.0%.[66] In the 2004 presidential election, Republican George W. Bush received 50.0% of the vote (1,260 ballots cast), outpolling Democrat John Kerry with 48.0% (1,211 votes) and other candidates with 1.2% (44 votes), among the 2,521 ballots cast by the borough's 3,666 registered voters, for a turnout percentage of 68.8.[67]
In the 2013 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 64.7% of the vote (982 cast), ahead of Democrat Barbara Buono with 33.2% (503 votes), and other candidates with 2.1% (32 votes), among the 1,540 ballots cast by the borough's 3,894 registered voters (23 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 39.5%.[68][69] In the 2009 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 54.6% of the vote (944 ballots cast), ahead of Democrat Jon Corzine with 34.1% (589 votes), Independent Chris Daggett with 8.9% (153 votes) and other candidates with 1.9% (33 votes), among the 1,728 ballots cast by the borough's 3,744 registered voters, yielding a 46.2% turnout.[70]
Education[edit]
The Dunellen Public Schools serve students in pre-kindergarten through twelfth grade.[71][72] As of the 2017–18 school year, the district, comprised of three schools, had an enrollment of 1,226 students and 98.8 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 12.4:1.[73] Schools in the district (with 2017–18 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics[74]) are John P. Faber School[75] with 591 students in grades PreK-5, Lincoln Middle School[76] with 246 students in grades 6-8 and Dunellen High School[77] with 372 students in grades 9-12.[78]
Eighth grade students from all of Middlesex County are eligible to apply to attend the high school programs offered by the Middlesex County Vocational and Technical Schools, a county-wide vocational school district that offers full-time career and technical education at Middlesex County Academy in Edison, the Academy for Allied Health and Biomedical Sciences in Woodbridge Township and at its East Brunswick, Perth Amboy and Piscataway technical high schools, with no tuition charged to students for attendance.[79][80]
Transportation[edit]
Route 28 in Dunellen
Roads and highways[edit]
As of May 2010[update], the borough had a total of 17.82 miles (28.68 km) of roadways, of which 14.29 miles (23.00 km) were maintained by the municipality, 2.48 miles (3.99 km) by Middlesex County and 1.05 miles (1.69 km) by the New Jersey Department of Transportation.[81]
No Interstate or U.S. highways serve Dunellen directly.[82] The most prominent roads passing through the borough include New Jersey Route 28[83] and County Route 529.[84]
Public transportation[edit]
The Dunellen station offers NJ Transit service on the Raritan Valley Line.[85] There is a ticket office open only during morning rush hour and a small waiting area at this stop. There are now automated ticket machines located next to the office. A simple station, there are two tracks with two small side platforms. The station is located on a high embankment.[86]
NJ Transit bus service is provided on the 113 and 114 routes to the Port Authority Bus Terminal in Midtown Manhattan, with local service on the 59, 65 and 66 routes.[87][88]
Suburban Transit offers service between Dunellen and Atlantic City on its 700 route.[89]
Organizations[edit]
Juggling Life is a non-profit organization whose purpose is to inspire and emotionally heal ill and/or disadvantaged children through juggling and the arts.[90]
Notable people[edit]
See also: Category:People from Dunellen, New Jersey
People who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with Dunellen include:
Tom Brislin (born 1973), keyboardist/songwriter/vocalist for American band Kansas from 2018-present. [91]
Bob Fitzsimmons (1863–1917), a boxer who was the sport's first three-division world champion.[92]
Bob Maier (1915–1993), third baseman who played for the Detroit Tigers team that won the 1945 World Series in his only season in the Major Leagues.[93]
Sydney McLaughlin (born 1999), hurdler and sprinter who won the Gold Medal in the 400-meter hurdles at the 2020 Summer Olympics.[94]
Judith Persichilli (born 1949), nurse and health care executive who has served as the Commissioner of the New Jersey Department of Health.[95]
William Marsh Rice (1816–1900), businessman who bequeathed his fortune to found Rice University.[96]
Tom Scharpling (born 1969), host of The Best Show and a writer/executive producer of the television series Monk.[97]
Walter Stone (1920-1999), writer for The Honeymooners and The Jackie Gleason Show.[98]
Frank Umont (1917–1991), Major League Baseball umpire.[99]
International relations[edit]
Twin towns — Sister cities[edit]
Dunellen is twinned with:
Borgonovo Val Tidone, Italy[100]
Castel San Giovanni, Italy[101]
^ a b Kuperinsky, Amy. "'The Jewel of the Meadowlands'?: N.J.'s best, worst and weirdest town slogans", NJ Advance Media for NJ.com, January 22, 2015. Accessed July 12, 2016. "Dunellen, in Middlesex County, is 'Small Enough to Know You, Large Enough to Serve You.' Councilman Jason Cilento says the slogan is 'a bit of a mystery,' and that it's easier to explain the nickname 'Railroad Town,' for its reputation as a bedroom community for New York commuters."
^ a b c d e f 2019 Census Gazetteer Files: New Jersey Places, United States Census Bureau. Accessed July 1, 2020.
^ a b US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990, United States Census Bureau. Accessed September 4, 2014.
^ 2020 New Jersey Mayors Directory, New Jersey Department of Community Affairs. Accessed February 1, 2020.
^ Administration, Borough of Dunellen. Accessed September 19, 2019.
^ Municipal Clerk, Borough of Dunellen. Accessed September 19, 2019.
^ a b 2012 New Jersey Legislative District Data Book, Rutgers University Edward J. Bloustein School of Planning and Public Policy, March 2013, p. 98.
^ U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Borough of Dunellen, Geographic Names Information System. Accessed March 5, 2013.
^ a b c d e f DP-1 - Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data for Dunellen borough, Middlesex County, New Jersey Archived 2020-02-12 at archive.today, United States Census Bureau. Accessed May 30, 2012.
^ a b c d Municipalities Sorted by 2011-2020 Legislative District, New Jersey Department of State. Accessed February 1, 2020.
^ a b c Table DP-1. Profile of General Demographic Characteristics: 2010 for Dunellen borough Archived 2014-04-24 at the Wayback Machine, New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development. Accessed May 30, 2012.
^ a b QuickFacts for Dunellen borough, New Jersey; Middlesex County, New Jersey; New Jersey from Population estimates, July 1, 2019, (V2019), United States Census Bureau. Accessed May 21, 2020.
^ a b GCT-PH1 Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2010 - State -- County Subdivision from the 2010 Census Summary File 1 for New Jersey Archived 2020-02-12 at archive.today, United States Census Bureau. Accessed November 22, 2012.
^ Look Up a ZIP Code for Dunellen, NJ, United States Postal Service. Accessed November 22, 2012.
^ Zip Codes, State of New Jersey. Accessed October 9, 2013.
^ Area Code Lookup - NPA NXX for Dunellen, NJ, Area-Codes.com. Accessed October 8, 2013.
^ a b U.S. Census website , United States Census Bureau. Accessed September 4, 2014.
^ Geographic codes for New Jersey, Missouri Census Data Center. Accessed September 1, 2019.
^ US Board on Geographic Names, United States Geological Survey. Accessed September 4, 2014.
^ Table 7. Population for the Counties and Municipalities in New Jersey: 1990, 2000 and 2010, New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development, February 2011. Accessed November 22, 2012.
^ Snyder, John P. The Story of New Jersey's Civil Boundaries: 1606-1968, Bureau of Geology and Topography; Trenton, New Jersey; 1969. p. 170. Accessed May 30, 2012.
^ Hutchinson, Viola L. The Origin of New Jersey Place Names, New Jersey Public Library Commission, May 1945. Accessed August 29, 2015.
^ Heleniak, Heidi. "Local Lenni-Lenape Sites Mentioned in 1915 Survey Article", Dunellen411, July 25, 2015. Accessed December 3, 2019.
^ Spier, Leslie. "Indian Remains near Plainfield, Union County, and along the Lower Delaware Valley", Geological Survey of New Jersey. Accessed December 3, 2019.
^ Triolo, John; and Marren-Licht, Liz. Dunellen, p. 7. Arcadia Publishing, 2012. ISBN 9780738591612. Accessed December 3, 2019. "The Dunellen area was verdant farmland settled by early colonialists, such as David Coriell in 1682, Reune Runyon in 1736, Cornelius Boice in 1768, and Peter Marcellas and Zacharaiah Pound in 1780."
^ a b Dunellen Transit Hub Strategic Plan, Borough of Dunellen, June 2019. Accessed December 3, 2019. "The railroad from New York was extended to the area now known as Dunellen in 1840. The Borough of Dunellen, incorporated in 1887 when it separated from Piscataway, was built by the Central Railroad of New Jersey. The railroad company owned the land, built the railroad and subdivided the surrounding farmland into a residential community."
^ Loyer, Susan. "Dunellen: Tremendous effort by parents, tremendous fun for kids", Home News Tribune, June 5, 2005. Accessed May 30, 2012. "Originally part of Piscataway, Dunellen was established in 1867 and grew up around the New Jersey Central Railroad station, which was known as New Market station."
^ Arnold A. Schwartz Archived 2008-04-16 at the Wayback Machine, Dunellen Public Library. Accessed April 1, 2008.
^ Areas touching Dunellen, MapIt. Accessed July 12, 2016.
^ Municipalities, Middlesex County, New Jersey. Accessed December 1, 2019.
^ New Jersey Municipal Boundaries, New Jersey Department of Transportation. Accessed November 15, 2019.
^ Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Minor Civil Divisions in New Jersey: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2019, United States Census Bureau. Accessed May 21, 2020.
^ Census Estimates for New Jersey April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2019, United States Census Bureau. Accessed May 21, 2020.
^ Compendium of censuses 1726-1905: together with the tabulated returns of 1905, New Jersey Department of State, 1906. Accessed October 9, 2013.
^ Porter, Robert Percival. Preliminary Results as Contained in the Eleventh Census Bulletins: Volume III - 51 to 75, p. 98. United States Census Bureau, 1890. Accessed November 22, 2012.
^ Thirteenth Census of the United States, 1910: Population by Counties and Minor Civil Divisions, 1910, 1900, 1890, United States Census Bureau, p. 337. Accessed May 30, 2012.
^ Fifteenth Census of the United States : 1930 - Population Volume I, United States Census Bureau, p. 717. Accessed May 30, 2012.
^ New Jersey Resident Population by Municipality: 1930 - 1990, Workforce New Jersey Public Information Network. Accessed June 28, 2015.
^ a b c d e Census 2000 Profiles of Demographic / Social / Economic / Housing Characteristics for Dunellen borough, New Jersey Archived 2014-07-12 at the Wayback Machine, United States Census Bureau. Accessed May 30, 2012.
^ a b c d e DP-1: Profile of General Demographic Characteristics: 2000 - Census 2000 Summary File 1 (SF 1) 100-Percent Data for Dunellen borough, Middlesex County, New Jersey Archived 2020-02-12 at archive.today, United States Census Bureau. Accessed November 22, 2012.
^ DP03: Selected Economic Characteristics from the 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates for Dunellen borough, Middlesex County, New Jersey Archived 2020-02-12 at archive.today, United States Census Bureau. Accessed May 30, 2012.
^ Inventory of Municipal Forms of Government in New Jersey, Rutgers University Center for Government Studies, July 1, 2011. Accessed November 18, 2019.
^ Cerra, Michael F. "Forms of Government: Everything You've Always Wanted to Know, But Were Afraid to Ask" Archived 2014-09-24 at the Wayback Machine, New Jersey State League of Municipalities. Accessed November 30, 2014.
^ "Forms of Municipal Government in New Jersey", p. 6. Rutgers University Center for Government Studies. Accessed June 3, 2015.
^ Mayor and Council, Borough of Dunellen. Accessed March 21, 2020. As of date accessed, term-end years for Cilento, Rios and Sigmon are one year too long.
^ 2019 Municipal Data Sheet, Borough of Dunellen. Accessed September 19, 2019.
^ Borough of Dunellen, Middlesex County, New Jersey. Accessed September 19, 2019.
^ November 5, 2019 General Election Official Results, Middlesex County, New Jersey. Accessed January 1, 2020.
^ Plan Components Report, New Jersey Redistricting Commission, December 23, 2011. Accessed February 1, 2020.
^ 2019 New Jersey Citizen's Guide to Government, New Jersey League of Women Voters. Accessed October 30, 2019.
^ Districts by Number for 2011-2020, New Jersey Legislature. Accessed January 6, 2013.
^ 2011 New Jersey Citizen's Guide to Government Archived 2013-06-04 at the Wayback Machine, p. 56, New Jersey League of Women Voters. Accessed May 22, 2015.
^ Directory of Representatives: New Jersey, United States House of Representatives. Accessed January 3, 2019.
^ Biography, Congresswoman Bonnie Watson Coleman. Accessed January 3, 2019. "Watson Coleman and her husband William reside in Ewing Township and are blessed to have three sons; William, Troy, and Jared and three grandchildren; William, Kamryn and Ashanee."
^ U.S. Sen. Cory Booker cruises past Republican challenger Rik Mehta in New Jersey, PhillyVoice. Accessed April 30, 2021. "He now owns a home and lives in Newark's Central Ward community."
^ Biography of Bob Menendez, United States Senate, January 26, 2015. "Menendez, who started his political career in Union City, moved in September from Paramus to one of Harrison's new apartment buildings near the town's PATH station.."
^ Home, sweet home: Bob Menendez back in Hudson County. nj.com. Accessed April 30, 2021. "Booker, Cory A. - (D - NJ) Class II; Menendez, Robert - (D - NJ) Class I"
^ Legislative Roster, New Jersey Legislature. Accessed January 11, 2022.
^ "Board of County Commissioners". middlesexcountynj.gov. Retrieved 2021-12-20.
^ "Constitutional Officers". middlesexcountynj.gov. Retrieved 2021-12-20.
^ Voter Registration Summary - Middlesex, New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections, March 23, 2011. Accessed November 22, 2012.
^ "Presidential General Election Results - November 6, 2012 - Middlesex County" (PDF). New Jersey Department of Elections. March 15, 2013. Retrieved December 24, 2014.
^ "Number of Registered Voters and Ballots Cast - November 6, 2012 - General Election Results - Middlesex County" (PDF). New Jersey Department of Elections. March 15, 2013. Retrieved December 24, 2014.
^ 2008 Presidential General Election Results: Middlesex County, New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections, December 23, 2008. Accessed November 22, 2012.
^ 2004 Presidential Election: Middlesex County, New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections, December 13, 2004. Accessed November 22, 2012.
^ "Governor - Middlesex County" (PDF). New Jersey Department of Elections. January 29, 2014. Retrieved December 24, 2014.
^ "Number of Registered Voters and Ballots Cast - November 5, 2013 - General Election Results - Middlesex County" (PDF). New Jersey Department of Elections. January 29, 2014. Retrieved December 24, 2014.
^ 2009 Governor: Middlesex County Archived 2012-10-17 at the Wayback Machine, New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections, December 31, 2009. Accessed November 22, 2012.
^ Public School Directory 2017-2018, Middlesex County, New Jersey. Accessed December 1, 2019.
^ Dunellen Board of Education District Policy 0110 - Identification, Dunellen Public Schools. Accessed March 7, 2020. "Purpose: The Board of Education exists for the purpose of providing a thorough and efficient system of free public education in grades kindergarten through twelve in the Dunellen School District.. Composition: The Dunellen School District is comprised of all the area within the municipal boundaries of Dunellen."
^ District information for Dunellen Public School District, National Center for Education Statistics. Accessed November 1, 2019.
^ School Data for the Dunellen Public Schools, National Center for Education Statistics. Accessed November 1, 2019.
^ John P. Faber School, Dunellen Public Schools. Accessed November 6, 2014.
^ Lincoln Middle School, Dunellen Public Schools. Accessed November 6, 2014.
^ Dunellen High School, Dunellen Public Schools. Accessed November 6, 2014.
^ New Jersey School Directory for the Dunellen Public Schools, New Jersey Department of Education. Accessed December 29, 2016.
^ Heyboer, Kelly. "How to get your kid a seat in one of N.J.'s hardest-to-get-into high schools", NJ Advance Media for NJ.com, May 2017. Accessed November 18, 2019. "Middlesex County has two stand-alone career academies for high-achieving students: the Academy for Science, Math and Engineering Technology, located on the campus of Middlesex County College in Edison, and the Academy for Allied Health and Biomedical Sciences in Woodbridge. How to apply: Students must attend a mandatory information session and submit an application by November of their 8th grade year."
^ Locations, Middlesex County Vocational and Technical Schools. Accessed December 2, 2019.
^ Middlesex County Mileage by Municipality and Jurisdiction, New Jersey Department of Transportation, May 2010. Accessed July 18, 2014.
^ Middlesex County Road Map, New Jersey Department of Transportation. Accessed December 1, 2019.
^ Route 28 Straight Line Diagram, New Jersey Department of Transportation, updated March 2017. Accessed December 3, 2019.
^ County Route 529 Straight Line Diagram, New Jersey Department of Transportation, updated November 2012. Accessed December 3, 2019.
^ Raritan Valley Line, NJ Transit. Accessed October 8, 2013.
^ Dunellen station, NJ Transit. Accessed October 8, 2013.
^ Middlesex County Bus/Rail Connections, NJ Transit, backed up by the Internet Archive as of May 22, 2009. Accessed September 3, 2011.
^ Middlesex County Transit Guide 2013 Edition, Middlesex County, New Jersey. Accessed December 3, 2019.
^ Schedule Details: Dunellen, NJ to Atlantic City, NJ, Suburban Transit. Accessed December 3, 2019.
^ A Brief History, Juggling Life. Accessed April 20, 2015.
^ "Kansas Band | Classic Rock Band | The Absence of Presence – The Absence of Presence". kansasband.com. Retrieved 2021-08-05.
^ Staff. "'Bob' Fitzsimmons Robbed.", The New York Times, March 19, 1913. Accessed May 30, 2012. "The home of 'Bob' Fitzsimmons, the ex-champion prizefighter, at Dunellen, was robbed of $1500 worth of silverware some time within the last few days, while the family was away."
^ Bob Maier, Baseball-Reference.com. Accessed May 30, 2012.
^ [1] Team USA. Accessed August 6, 2021.
^ Burling, Stacey. "Catholic Health East names a new leader", The Philadelphia Inquirer, December 16, 2009. Accessed July 18, 2019. "Persichilli, who grew up in Dunellen, N.J., began her career in health care as a staff nurse after graduating from the St. Francis School of Nursing, Trenton, in 1968."
^ Staff. "W.M. Rice's Sudden Death; Detectives at Work on Lines Which They Do Not Disclose. A.T. Patrick's Statement Charles F. Jones Says He Was Instructed to Withhold the News that His Employer Was Dead.", The New York Times, September 27, 1900. Accessed May 30, 2012. "During his visits to the North he lived part of the time at Dunellen, N. J., and later at the Grenoble, Seventh Avenue and Fifty-sixth Street."
^ LaGorce, Tammy. "In Person; Gotcha! Stay Tuned", The New York Times, January 1, 2006. Accessed July 18, 2019. "'It's great when people you admire like what you're doing,' Mr. Scharpling, who grew up in Dunellen, writes for Monk in Summit and lives with his wife in Woodbridge, said before a recent Best Show."
^ Triolo, John; and Marren-Licht, Liz. Dunellen, p. 124. Arcadia Publishing, 2012. ISBN 9780738591612. Accessed April 10, 2016. "Walter Stone, chief writer for the Honeymooners television series, was born in Dunellen in 1920."
^ Staff. "J.J. Awaits Draft; New Jersey Sports Canada Interested", The New York Times, January 26, 1974. Accessed May 30, 2012. "Frank Umont of Dunellen, the former major league umpire who also played for the New York Football Giants in the 1940s also will be on the dais..."
^ Official Borough Website
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Dunellen, New Jersey.
Official Dunellen Borough website
Dunellen Police Department website
Dunellen Fire Department website
Dunellen Rescue Squad website
Dunellen Public Schools
Dunellen Public Schools's 2015–16 School Report Card from the New Jersey Department of Education
School Data for the Dunellen Public Schools, National Center for Education Statistics
Dunellen Historical Society
Municipalities and communities of Middlesex County, New Jersey, United States
County seat: New Brunswick
Jamesburg
South Plainfield
Clearbrook
Encore at Monroe
Forsgate
Hopelawn
Keasbey
Kingston‡
Laurence Harbor
Menlo Park Terrace
Monroe Manor
Plainsboro Center
Port Reading
Princeton Meadows
Regency at Monroe
Renaissance at Monroe
Rutgers University-Busch Campus
Rutgers University-Livingston Campus
Sewaren
Society Hill
The Ponds
Whittingham
Bonhamtown
Cheesequake
Clara Barton
Cottageville
Cottrell Corners
Cranbury Station
East Spotswood
Ernston
Feaster Park
Fieldville
Fresh Ponds
Half Acre
Halls Corner
Little Rocky Hill
Lynn Woodoaks
Middlesex Downs
Morgan Heights
New Dover
New Durham
North Stelton
Outcalt
Piscatawaytown
Possumtown
Prospect Plains
Pumptown
Randolphville
Raritan Gardens
Raritan Landing
Riverview Manor
Sand Hills
Sayerwood South
Sayre Woods
Sayreville Junction
Sayreville Station
Schalks
Shore Road Estates
Shore View
Spotswood Manor
West Carteret
Westons Mills
Woodbridge Oaks
Wyckoffs Mills
‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties
New Jersey portal
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dunellen,_New_Jersey&oldid=1066171816"
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American multinational technology company
This article is about the company. For the search engine, see Google Search. For other uses, see Google (disambiguation).
Not to be confused with googol.
Logo since 2015[update]
Google's headquarters, the Googleplex
Google Inc. (1998–2017)
Subsidiary (LLC)
September 4, 1998; 23 years ago (1998-09-04)[a] in Menlo Park, California, United States
Sergey Brin
1600 Amphitheatre Parkway,
Sundar Pichai (CEO)
Ruth Porat (CFO)
Thomas Kurian (CEO, Google Cloud Platform)
Prabhakar Raghavan (SVP, Search, Ads, and E-commerce)[5]
66,001,000,000 United States dollar (2014)
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Footnotes / references
Then-CEO, and former Chairman of Google Eric Schmidt with cofounders Sergey Brin and Larry Page (left to right) in 2008
Google LLC is an American multinational technology company that specializes in Internet-related services and products, which include online advertising technologies, a search engine, cloud computing, software, and hardware. It is considered one of the Big Five companies in the American information technology industry, along with Amazon, Apple, Meta (Facebook) and Microsoft.[10]
Google was founded on September 4, 1998, by Larry Page and Sergey Brin while they were Ph.D. students at Stanford University in California. Together they own about 14% of its publicly-listed shares and control 56% of the stockholder voting power through super-voting stock. The company went public via an initial public offering (IPO) in 2004. In 2015, Google was reorganized as a wholly-owned subsidiary of Alphabet Inc.. Google is Alphabet's largest subsidiary and is a holding company for Alphabet's Internet properties and interests. Sundar Pichai was appointed CEO of Google on October 24, 2015, replacing Larry Page, who became the CEO of Alphabet. On December 3, 2019, Pichai also became the CEO of Alphabet.[11]
In 2021, the Alphabet Workers Union was founded, mainly composed of Google employees.[12]
The company's rapid growth since incorporation has included products, acquisitions, and partnerships beyond Google's core search engine, (Google Search). It offers services designed for work and productivity (Google Docs, Google Sheets, and Google Slides), email (Gmail), scheduling and time management (Google Calendar), cloud storage (Google Drive), instant messaging and video chat (Google Duo, Google Chat, and Google Meet), language translation (Google Translate), mapping and navigation (Google Maps, Waze, Google Earth, and Street View), podcast hosting (Google Podcasts), video sharing (YouTube), blog publishing (Blogger), note-taking (Google Keep and Jamboard), and photo organizing and editing (Google Photos). The company leads the development of the Android mobile operating system, the Google Chrome web browser, and Chrome OS (a lightweight, proprietary operating system based on the free and open-source Chromium OS operating system). Google has moved increasingly into hardware; from 2010 to 2015, it partnered with major electronics manufacturers in the production of its Google Nexus devices, and it released multiple hardware products in 2016, including the Google Pixel line of smartphones, Google Home smart speaker, Google Wifi mesh wireless router. Google has also experimented with becoming an Internet carrier (Google Fiber and Google Fi).
Google.com is the most visited website worldwide. Several other Google-owned websites also are on the list of most popular websites, including YouTube and Blogger.[13] On the list of most valuable brands, Google is ranked second by Forbes[14] and fourth by Interbrand.[15] It has received significant criticism involving issues such as privacy concerns, tax avoidance, censorship, search neutrality, antitrust and abuse of its monopoly position.
1.2 Growth
1.3 Initial public offering
1.4 2012 onward
2 Products and services
2.1 Search engine
2.2 Advertising
2.3 Consumer services
2.3.1 Web-based services
2.3.2 Software
2.3.3 Hardware
2.4 Enterprise services
2.5 Internet services
3 Corporate affairs
3.1 Stock price performance and quarterly earnings
3.2 Tax avoidance strategies
3.3 Corporate identity
3.4 Workplace culture
3.5 Office locations
3.5.2 Latin America
3.5.4 Asia Pacific
3.5.5 Africa & Middle East
3.6 Infrastructure
3.8 Philanthropy
4 Criticism and controversies
4.1 Anti-trust, privacy, and other litigation
4.1.1 Private browsing lawsuit
Main articles: History of Google and List of mergers and acquisitions by Alphabet
See also: Alphabet Inc.
Larry Page and Sergey Brin in 2003
Google began in January 1996 as a research project by Larry Page and Sergey Brin when they were both PhD students at Stanford University in California.[16][17][18] The project initially involved an unofficial "third founder", Scott Hassan, the original lead programmer who wrote much of the code for the original Google Search engine, but he left before Google was officially founded as a company;[19][20] Hassan went on to pursue a career in robotics and founded the company Willow Garage in 2006.[21][22]
While conventional search engines ranked results by counting how many times the search terms appeared on the page, they theorized about a better system that analyzed the relationships among websites.[23] They called this algorithm PageRank; it determined a website's relevance by the number of pages, and the importance of those pages that linked back to the original site.[24][25] Page told his ideas to Hassan, who began writing the code to implement Page's ideas.[19]
Page and Brin originally nicknamed the new search engine "BackRub", because the system checked backlinks to estimate the importance of a site.[16][26][27] Hassan as well as Alan Steremberg were cited by Page and Brin as being critical to the development of Google. Rajeev Motwani and Terry Winograd later co-authored with Page and Brin the first paper about the project, describing PageRank and the initial prototype of the Google search engine, published in 1998. Héctor García-Molina and Jeff Ullman were also cited as contributors to the project.[28] PageRank was influenced by a similar page-ranking and site-scoring algorithm earlier used for RankDex, developed by Robin Li in 1996, with Larry Page's PageRank patent including a citation to Li's earlier RankDex patent; Li later went on to create the Chinese search engine Baidu.[29][30]
Eventually, they changed the name to Google; the name of the search engine was a play on the word "googol",[16][31][32] the number 1 followed by 100 zeros, which was picked to signify that the search engine was intended to provide large quantities of information.[33]
Google's original homepage had a simple design because the company founders had little experience in HTML, the markup language used for designing web pages.[34]
The domain name www.google.com was registered on September 15, 1997,[35] and the company was incorporated on September 4, 1998. It was based in the garage of Susan Wojcicki[18] in Menlo Park, California. Craig Silverstein, a fellow PhD student at Stanford, was hired as the first employee.[18][36][37]
Google was initially funded by an August 1998 investment of $100,000 from Andy Bechtolsheim,[16] co-founder of Sun Microsystems, a few weeks prior to September 7, 1998, the day Google was officially incorporated.[38][39] Google received money from three other angel investors in 1998: Amazon.com founder Jeff Bezos, Stanford University computer science professor David Cheriton, and entrepreneur Ram Shriram.[40] Between these initial investors, friends, and family Google raised around $1,000,000, which is what allowed them to open up their original shop in Menlo Park, California.[41]
After some additional, small investments through the end of 1998 to early 1999,[40] a new $25 million round of funding was announced on June 7, 1999,[42] with major investors including the venture capital firms Kleiner Perkins and Sequoia Capital.[39]
In March 1999, the company moved its offices to Palo Alto, California,[43] which is home to several prominent Silicon Valley technology start-ups.[44] The next year, Google began selling advertisements associated with search keywords against Page and Brin's initial opposition toward an advertising-funded search engine.[45][18] To maintain an uncluttered page design, advertisements were solely text-based.[46] In June 2000, it was announced that Google would become the default search engine provider for Yahoo!, one of the most popular websites at the time, replacing Inktomi.[47][48]
Google's first production server[49]
In 2003, after outgrowing two other locations, the company leased an office complex from Silicon Graphics, at 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway in Mountain View, California.[50] The complex became known as the Googleplex, a play on the word googolplex, the number one followed by a googol zeroes. Three years later, Google bought the property from SGI for $319 million.[51] By that time, the name "Google" had found its way into everyday language, causing the verb "google" to be added to the Merriam-Webster Collegiate Dictionary and the Oxford English Dictionary, denoted as: "to use the Google search engine to obtain information on the Internet".[52][53] The first use of the verb on television appeared in an October 2002 episode of Buffy the Vampire Slayer.[54]
Additionally, in 2001 Google's Investors felt the need to have a strong internal management, and they agreed to hire Eric Schmidt as the chairman and CEO of Google[55]
Initial public offering
On August 19, 2004, Google became a public company via an initial public offering. At that time Larry Page, Sergey Brin, and Eric Schmidt agreed to work together at Google for 20 years, until the year 2024.[56] The company offered 19,605,052 shares at a price of $85 per share.[57][58] Shares were sold in an online auction format using a system built by Morgan Stanley and Credit Suisse, underwriters for the deal.[59][60] The sale of $1.67 billion gave Google a market capitalization of more than $23 billion.[61]
Eric Schmidt, CEO of Google from 2001 to 2011
On November 13, 2006, Google acquired YouTube for $1.65 billion in Google stock,[62][63][64][65] On March 11, 2008, Google acquired DoubleClick for $3.1 billion, transferring to Google valuable relationships that DoubleClick had with Web publishers and advertising agencies.[66][67]
By 2011, Google was handling approximately 3 billion searches per day. To handle this workload, Google built 11 data centers around the world with several thousand servers in each. These data centers allowed Google to handle the ever-changing workload more efficiently.[55]
In May 2011, the number of monthly unique visitors to Google surpassed one billion for the first time.[68][69]
In May 2012, Google acquired Motorola Mobility for $12.5 billion, in its largest acquisition to date.[70][71][72] This purchase was made in part to help Google gain Motorola's considerable patent portfolio on mobile phones and wireless technologies, to help protect Google in its ongoing patent disputes with other companies,[73] mainly Apple and Microsoft,[74] and to allow it to continue to freely offer Android.[75]
2012 onward
In June 2013, Google acquired Waze, a $966 million deal.[76] While Waze would remain an independent entity, its social features, such as its crowdsourced location platform, were reportedly valuable integrations between Waze and Google Maps, Google's own mapping service.[77]
Google announced the launch of a new company, called Calico, on September 19, 2013, to be led by Apple Inc. chairman Arthur Levinson. In the official public statement, Page explained that the "health and well-being" company would focus on "the challenge of ageing and associated diseases".[78]
Entrance of building where Google and its subsidiary Deep Mind are located at 6 Pancras Square, London
On January 26, 2014, Google announced it had agreed to acquire DeepMind Technologies, a privately held artificial intelligence company from London.[79] Technology news website Recode reported that the company was purchased for $400 million, yet the source of the information was not disclosed. A Google spokesperson declined to comment on the price.[80][81] The purchase of DeepMind aids in Google's recent growth in the artificial intelligence and robotics community.[82]
According to Interbrand's annual Best Global Brands report, Google has been the second most valuable brand in the world (behind Apple Inc.) in 2013,[83] 2014,[84] 2015,[85] and 2016, with a valuation of $133 billion.[86]
On August 10, 2015, Google announced plans to reorganize its various interests as a conglomerate named Alphabet Inc. Google became Alphabet's largest subsidiary and the umbrella company for Alphabet's Internet interests. Upon completion of the restructuring, Sundar Pichai became CEO of Google, replacing Larry Page, who became CEO of Alphabet.[87][88][89]
Current Google CEO, Sundar Pichai, with Prime Minister of India, Narendra Modi
On August 8, 2017, Google fired employee James Damore after he distributed a memo throughout the company that argued bias and "Google's Ideological Echo Chamber" clouded their thinking about diversity and inclusion, and that it is also biological factors, not discrimination alone, that cause the average woman to be less interested than men in technical positions.[90] Google CEO Sundar Pichai accused Damore in violating company policy by "advancing harmful gender stereotypes in our workplace", and he was fired on the same day.[91][92][93]
Between 2018 and 2019, tensions between the company's leadership and its workers escalated as staff protested company decisions on internal sexual harassment, Dragonfly, a censored Chinese search engine, and Project Maven, a military drone artificial intelligence, which had been seen as areas of revenue growth for the company.[94][95] On October 25, 2018, The New York Times published the exposé, "How Google Protected Andy Rubin, the 'Father of Android'". The company subsequently announced that "48 employees have been fired over the last two years" for sexual misconduct.[96] On November 1, 2018, more than 20,000 Google employees and contractors staged a global walk-out to protest the company's handling of sexual harassment complaints.[97][98] CEO Sundar Pichai was reported to be in support of the protests.[99] Later in 2019, some workers accused the company of retaliating against internal activists.[95]
On March 19, 2019, Google announced that it would enter the video game market, launching a cloud gaming platform called Google Stadia.[100]
On June 3, 2019, the United States Department of Justice reported that it would investigate Google for antitrust violations.[101] This led to the filing of an antitrust lawsuit in October 2020, on the grounds the company had abused a monopoly position in the search and search advertising markets.[102]
In December 2019, former PayPal chief operating officer Bill Ready became Google's new commerce chief. Ready's role will not be directly involved with Google Pay.[103]
In April 2020, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, Google announced several cost-cutting measures. Such measures included slowing down hiring for the remainder of 2020, except for a small number of strategic areas, recalibrating the focus and pace of investments in areas like data centers and machines, and non-business essential marketing and travel.[104]
The 2020 Google services outages disrupted Google services: one in August that affected Google Drive among others, another in November affecting YouTube, and a third in December affecting the entire suite of Google applications. All three outages were resolved within hours.[105][106][107]
In January 2021, the Australian Government proposed legislation that would require Google and Facebook to pay media companies for the right to use their content. In response, Google threatened to close off access to its search engine in Australia.[108]
In March 2021, Google reportedly paid $20 million for Ubisoft ports on Google Stadia.[109] Google spent "tens of millions of dollars" on getting major publishers such as Ubisoft and Take-Two to bring some of their biggest games to Stadia.[citation needed]
In April 2021, The Wall Street Journal reported that Google ran a years-long program called 'Project Bernanke' that used data from past advertising bids to gain an advantage over competing for ad services. This was revealed in documents concerning the antitrust lawsuit filed by ten US states against Google in December.[110]
In September 2021, the Australian government announced plans to curb Google’s capability to sell targeted ads, claiming that the company has a monopoly on the market harming publishers, advertisers, and consumers.[111]
Main article: List of Google products
Main articles: Google Search and Google Images
Google indexes billions of web pages to allow users to search for the information they desire through the use of keywords and operators.[112] According to comScore market research from November 2009, Google Search is the dominant search engine in the United States market, with a market share of 65.6%.[113] In May 2017, Google enabled a new "Personal" tab in Google Search, letting users search for content in their Google accounts' various services, including email messages from Gmail and photos from Google Photos.[114][115]
Google launched its Google News service in 2002, an automated service which summarizes news articles from various websites.[116] Google also hosts Google Books, a service which searches the text found in books in its database and shows limited previews or and the full book where allowed.[117]
Google on ad-tech London, 2010
Google generates most of its revenues from advertising. This includes sales of apps, purchases made in-app, digital content products on Google and YouTube, Android and licensing and service fees, including fees received for Google Cloud offerings. Forty-six percent of this profit was from clicks (cost per clicks), amounting to US$109,652 million in 2017. This includes three principal methods, namely AdMob, AdSense (such as AdSense for Content, AdSense for Search, etc.) and DoubleClick AdExchange.[118]
In addition to its own algorithms for understanding search requests, Google uses technology its acquisition of DoubleClick, to project user interest and target advertising to the search context and the user history.[119][120]
In 2007, Google launched "AdSense for Mobile", taking advantage of the emerging mobile advertising market.[121]
Google Analytics allows website owners to track where and how people use their website, for example by examining click rates for all the links on a page.[122] Google advertisements can be placed on third-party websites in a two-part program. Google Ads allows advertisers to display their advertisements in the Google content network, through a cost-per-click scheme.[123] The sister service, Google AdSense, allows website owners to display these advertisements on their website and earn money every time ads are clicked.[124] One of the criticisms of this program is the possibility of click fraud, which occurs when a person or automated script clicks on advertisements without being interested in the product, causing the advertiser to pay money to Google unduly. Industry reports in 2006 claimed that approximately 14 to 20 percent of clicks were fraudulent or invalid.[125] Google Search Console (rebranded from Google Webmaster Tools in May 2015) allows webmasters to check the sitemap, crawl rate, and for security issues of their websites, as well as optimize their website's visibility.
Web-based services
Google offers Gmail for email,[126] Google Calendar for time-management and scheduling,[127] Google Maps for mapping, navigation and satellite imagery,[128] Google Drive for cloud storage of files,[129] Google Docs, Sheets and Slides for productivity,[129] Google Photos for photo storage and sharing,[130] Google Keep for note-taking,[131] Google Translate for language translation,[132] YouTube for video viewing and sharing,[133] Google My Business for managing public business information,[134] and Duo for social interaction.[135] In March 2019, Google unveiled a cloud gaming service named Stadia.[100] A job search product has also existed since before 2017,[136][137][138] Google for Jobs is an enhanced search feature that aggregates listings from job boards and career sites.[139][140]
Some Google services are not web-based. Google Earth, launched in 2005, allowed users to see high-definition satellite pictures from all over the world for free through a client software downloaded to their computers.[141]
Google develops the Android mobile operating system,[142] as well as its smartwatch,[143] television,[144] car,[145] and Internet of things-enabled smart devices variations.[146]
It also develops the Google Chrome web browser,[147] and Chrome OS, an operating system based on Chrome.[148]
Google Pixel smartphones on display in a store
In January 2010, Google released Nexus One, the first Android phone under its own brand.[149] It spawned a number of phones and tablets under the "Nexus" branding[150] until its eventual discontinuation in 2016, replaced by a new brand called Pixel.[151]
In 2011, the Chromebook was introduced, which runs on Chrome OS.[152]
In July 2013, Google introduced the Chromecast dongle, which allows users to stream content from their smartphones to televisions.[153][154]
In June 2014, Google announced Google Cardboard, a simple cardboard viewer that lets user place their smartphone in a special front compartment to view virtual reality (VR) media.[155][156]
Other hardware products include:
Nest, a series of voice assistant smart speakers that can answer voice queries, play music, find information from apps (calendar, weather etc.), and control third-party smart home appliances (users can tell it to turn on the lights, for example). The Google Nest line includes the original Google Home[157] (later succeeded by the Nest Audio), the Google Home Mini (later succeeded by the Nest Mini, the Google Home Max, the Google Home Hub (later rebranded as the Nest Hub), and the Nest Hub Max.
Nest Wifi (originally Google Wifi), a connected set of Wi-Fi routers to simplify and extend coverage of home Wi-Fi.[158]
Main articles: Google Workspace and Google Cloud Platform
Google Workspace (formerly G Suite until October 2020[159]) is a monthly subscription offering for organizations and businesses to get access to a collection of Google's services, including Gmail, Google Drive and Google Docs, Google Sheets and Google Slides, with additional administrative tools, unique domain names, and 24/7 support.[160]
On September 24, 2012,[161] Google launched Google for Entrepreneurs, a largely not-for-profit business incubator providing startups with co-working spaces known as Campuses, with assistance to startup founders that may include workshops, conferences, and mentorships.[162] Presently, there are seven Campus locations: Berlin, London, Madrid, Seoul, São Paulo, Tel Aviv, and Warsaw.
On March 15, 2016, Google announced the introduction of Google Analytics 360 Suite, "a set of integrated data and marketing analytics products, designed specifically for the needs of enterprise-class marketers" which can be integrated with BigQuery on the Google Cloud Platform. Among other things, the suite is designed to help "enterprise class marketers" "see the complete customer journey", generate "useful insights", and "deliver engaging experiences to the right people".[163] Jack Marshall of The Wall Street Journal wrote that the suite competes with existing marketing cloud offerings by companies including Adobe, Oracle, Salesforce, and IBM.[164]
In February 2010, Google announced the Google Fiber project, with experimental plans to build an ultra-high-speed broadband network for 50,000 to 500,000 customers in one or more American cities.[165][166] Following Google's corporate restructure to make Alphabet Inc. its parent company, Google Fiber was moved to Alphabet's Access division.[167][168]
In April 2015, Google announced Project Fi, a mobile virtual network operator, that combines Wi-Fi and cellular networks from different telecommunication providers in an effort to enable seamless connectivity and fast Internet signal.[169][170]
Stock price performance and quarterly earnings
Google's initial public offering (IPO) took place on August 19, 2004. At IPO, the company offered 19,605,052 shares at a price of $85 per share.[57][58] The sale of $1.67 billion gave Google a market capitalization of more than $23 billion.[61] The stock performed well after the IPO, with shares hitting $350 for the first time on October 31, 2007,[171] primarily because of strong sales and earnings in the online advertising market.[172] The surge in stock price was fueled mainly by individual investors, as opposed to large institutional investors and mutual funds.[172] GOOG shares split into GOOG class C shares and GOOGL class A shares.[173] The company is listed on the NASDAQ stock exchange under the ticker symbols GOOGL and GOOG, and on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol GGQ1. These ticker symbols now refer to Alphabet Inc., Google's holding company, since the fourth quarter of 2015.[update][174]
In the third quarter of 2005, Google reported a 700% increase in profit, largely due to large companies shifting their advertising strategies from newspapers, magazines, and television to the Internet.[175][176][177]
For the 2006 fiscal year, the company reported $10.492 billion in total advertising revenues and only $112 million in licensing and other revenues.[178] In 2011, 96% of Google's revenue was derived from its advertising programs.[179]
Google generated $50 billion in annual revenue for the first time in 2012, generating $38 billion the previous year. In January 2013, then-CEO Larry Page commented, "We ended 2012 with a strong quarter ... Revenues were up 36% year-on-year, and 8% quarter-on-quarter. And we hit $50 billion in revenues for the first time last year – not a bad achievement in just a decade and a half."[180]
Google's consolidated revenue for the third quarter of 2013 was reported in mid-October 2013 as $14.89 billion, a 12 percent increase compared to the previous quarter.[181] Google's Internet business was responsible for $10.8 billion of this total, with an increase in the number of users' clicks on advertisements.[182] By January 2014, Google's market capitalization had grown to $397 billion.[183]
Tax avoidance strategies
Further information: Corporation tax in the Republic of Ireland § Multinational tax schemes, and Google tax
Google uses various tax avoidance strategies. On the list of the largest information technology companies, it pays the lowest taxes to the countries of origin of its revenues. Google between 2007 and 2010 saved $3.1 billion in taxes by shuttling non-U.S. profits through Ireland and the Netherlands and then to Bermuda. Such techniques lower its non-U.S. tax rate to 2.3 per cent, while normally the corporate tax rate in, for instance, the UK is 28 per cent.[184] This has reportedly sparked a French investigation into Google's transfer pricing practices.[185]
Google said it overhauled its controversial global tax structure and consolidated all of its intellectual property holdings back to the US.[186]
Google Vice-President Matt Brittin testified to the Public Accounts Committee of the UK House of Commons that his UK sales team made no sales and hence owed no sales taxes to the UK.[187] In January 2016, Google reached a settlement with the UK to pay £130m in back taxes plus higher taxes in future.[188] In 2017, Google channeled $22.7 billion from the Netherlands to Bermuda to reduce its tax bill.[189]
In 2013, Google ranked 5th in lobbying spending, up from 213th in 2003. In 2012, the company ranked 2nd in campaign donations of technology and Internet sections.[190]
Further information: History of Google § Name, Google (verb), Google logo, Google Doodle, List of Google April Fools' Day jokes, and List of Google Easter eggs
Google's logo from 2013 to 2015
The name "Google" originated from a misspelling of "googol",[191][192] which refers to the number represented by a 1 followed by one-hundred zeros. Page and Brin write in their original paper on PageRank:[28] "We chose our systems name, Google, because it is a common spelling of googol, or 10100 and fits well with our goal of building very large-scale search engines." Having found its way increasingly into everyday language, the verb "google" was added to the Merriam Webster Collegiate Dictionary and the Oxford English Dictionary in 2006, meaning "to use the Google search engine to obtain information on the Internet."[193][194] Google's mission statement, from the outset, was "to organize the world's information and make it universally accessible and useful",[195] and its unofficial slogan is "Don't be evil".[196] In October 2015, a related motto was adopted in the Alphabet corporate code of conduct by the phrase: "Do the right thing".[197] The original motto was retained in the code of conduct of Google, now a subsidiary of Alphabet.
The original Google logo was designed by Sergey Brin.[198] Since 1998,[update] Google has been designing special, temporary alternate logos to place on their homepage intended to celebrate holidays, events, achievements and people. The first Google Doodle was in honor of the Burning Man Festival of 1998.[199][200] The doodle was designed by Larry Page and Sergey Brin to notify users of their absence in case the servers crashed. Subsequent Google Doodles were designed by an outside contractor, until Larry and Sergey asked then-intern Dennis Hwang to design a logo for Bastille Day in 2000. From that point onward, Doodles have been organized and created by a team of employees termed "Doodlers".[201]
Google has a tradition of creating April Fools' Day jokes. Its first on April 1, 2000, was Google MentalPlex which allegedly featured the use of mental power to search the web.[202] In 2007, Google announced a free Internet service called TiSP, or Toilet Internet Service Provider, where one obtained a connection by flushing one end of a fiber-optic cable down their toilet.[203]
Google's services contain easter eggs, such as the Swedish Chef's "Bork bork bork," Pig Latin, "Hacker" or leetspeak, Elmer Fudd, Pirate, and Klingon as language selections for its search engine.[204] When searching for the word "anagram," meaning a rearrangement of letters from one word to form other valid words, Google's suggestion feature displays "Did you mean: nag a ram?"[205]
Google employees marching in the Pride in London parade in 2016
On Fortune magazine's list of the best companies to work for, Google ranked first in 2007, 2008 and 2012,[206][207][208] and fourth in 2009 and 2010.[209][210] Google was also nominated in 2010 to be the world's most attractive employer to graduating students in the Universum Communications talent attraction index.[211] Google's corporate philosophy includes principles such as "you can make money without doing evil," "you can be serious without a suit," and "work should be challenging and the challenge should be fun."[212]
As of September 30, 2020,[update] Alphabet Inc. had 132,121 employees,[213] of which more than 100,000 worked for Google.[9] Google's 2020[update] diversity report states that 32 percent of its workforce are women and 68 percent are men, with the ethnicity of its workforce being predominantly white (51.7%) and Asian (41.9%).[214] Within tech roles, 23.6 percent were women; and 26.7 percent of leadership roles were held by women.[215] In addition to its 100,000+ full-time employees, Google used about 121,000 temporary workers and contractors, as of March 2019[update].[9]
Google's employees are hired based on a hierarchical system. Employees are split into six hierarchies based on experience and can range "from entry-level data center workers at level one to managers and experienced engineers at level six."[216] As a motivation technique, Google uses a policy known as Innovation Time Off, where Google engineers are encouraged to spend 20% of their work time on projects that interest them. Some of Google's services, such as Gmail, Google News, Orkut, and AdSense originated from these independent endeavors.[217] In a talk at Stanford University, Marissa Mayer, Google's Vice-President of Search Products and User Experience until July 2012, showed that half of all new product launches in the second half of 2005 had originated from the Innovation Time Off.[218]
In 2005, articles in The New York Times[219] and other sources began suggesting that Google had lost its anti-corporate, no evil philosophy.[220][221][222] In an effort to maintain the company's unique culture, Google designated a Chief Culture Officer whose purpose was to develop and maintain the culture and work on ways to keep true to the core values that the company was founded on.[223] Google has also faced allegations of sexism and ageism from former employees.[224][225] In 2013, a class action against several Silicon Valley companies, including Google, was filed for alleged "no cold call" agreements which restrained the recruitment of high-tech employees.[226] In a lawsuit filed January 8, 2018, multiple employees and job applicants alleged Google discriminated against a class defined by their “conservative political views[,] male gender[,] and/or […] Caucasian or Asian race”.[227]
On January 25, 2020, the formation of an international workers union of Google employees, Alpha Global, was announced.[228] The coalition is made up of "13 different unions representing workers in 10 countries, including the United States, United Kingdom, and Switzerland."[229] The group is affiliated with UNI Global Union, which represents nearly 20 million international workers from various unions and federations. The formation of the union is in response to persistent allegations of mistreatment of Google employees and a toxic workplace culture.[229][230][227] Google had previously been accused of surveilling and firing employees who were suspected of organizing a workers union.[231] In 2021 court documents revealed that between 2018 and 2020 Google ran an anti-union campaign called Project Vivian to "convince them (employees) that unions suck”.[232]
Further information: Googleplex
Google's New York City office building houses its largest advertising sales team.
Google's Toronto office
Google's headquarters in Mountain View, California is referred to as "the Googleplex", a play on words on the number googolplex and the headquarters itself being a complex of buildings. Internationally, Google has over 78 offices in more than 50 countries.[233]
In 2006, Google moved into about 300,000 square feet (27,900 m2) of office space at 111 Eighth Avenue in Manhattan, New York City. The office was designed and built specially for Google, and houses its largest advertising sales team.[234] In 2010, Google bought the building housing the headquarter, in a deal that valued the property at around $1.9 billion.[235][236] In March 2018, Google's parent company Alphabet bought the nearby Chelsea Market building for $2.4 billion. The sale is touted as one of the most expensive real estate transactions for a single building in the history of New York.[237][238][239][240] In November 2018, Google announced its plan to expand its New York City office to a capacity of 12,000 employees.[241] The same December, it was announced that a $1 billion, 1,700,000-square-foot (160,000 m2) headquarters for Google would be built in Manhattan's Hudson Square neighborhood.[242][243] Called Google Hudson Square, the new campus is projected to more than double the number of Google employees working in New York City.[244]
By late 2006, Google established a new headquarters for its AdWords division in Ann Arbor, Michigan.[245] In November 2006, Google opened offices on Carnegie Mellon's campus in Pittsburgh, focusing on shopping-related advertisement coding and smartphone applications and programs.[246][247] Other office locations in the U.S. include Atlanta, Georgia; Austin, Texas; Boulder, Colorado; Cambridge, Massachusetts; San Francisco, California; Seattle, Washington; Kirkland, Washington; Birmingham, Michigan; Reston, Virginia, Washington, D.C.,[248] and Madison, Wisconsin.[249]
Google's Dublin Ireland office, headquarters of Google Ads for Europe
It also has product research and development operations in cities around the world, namely Sydney (birthplace location of Google Maps)[250] and London (part of Android development).[251] In November 2013, Google announced plans for a new London headquarter, a 1 million square foot office able to accommodate 4,500 employees. Recognized as one of the biggest ever commercial property acquisitions at the time of the deal's announcement in January,[252] Google submitted plans for the new headquarter to the Camden Council in June 2017.[253][254] In May 2015, Google announced its intention to create its own campus in Hyderabad, India. The new campus, reported to be the company's largest outside the United States, will accommodate 13,000 employees.[255][256]
Google's Global Offices sum a total of 85 Locations worldwide,[257] with 32 offices in North America, 3 of them in Canada and 29 in United States Territory, California being the state with the most Google's offices with 9 in total including the Googleplex. In the Latin America Region Google counts with 6 offices, in Europe 24 (3 of them in UK), The Asia Pacific region counts with 18 offices principally in India and China, and the Africa Middle East region counts 5 offices.
Ann Arbor Michigan
Boulder – Pearl Place Colorado
Boulder – Walnut Colorado
Cambridge Massachusetts
Chapel Hill North Carolina
Chicago – Carpenter Illinois
Chicago – Fulton Market Illinois
Kirkland Washington
Kitchener Canada
Los Angeles California
Madison Wisconsin
Mountain View California
Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
Playa Vista California
Portland Oregon
Redwood City California
Reston Virginia
San Bruno California
San Francisco California
Seattle Washington
Sunnyvale California
Washington DC District of Columbia
Belo Horizonte Brazil
Mexico City Mexico
Sao Paulo Brazil
Aarhus Denmark
Amsterdam Netherlands
Dublin Ireland
London – 6PS United Kingdom
London – BEL United Kingdom
London – CSG United Kingdom
Milan Italy
Oslo Norway
Prague Czech Republic
Wroclaw Poland
Gurgaon India
Hyderabad India
Tokyo – RPG Japan
Tokyo – STRM Japan
Haifa Israel
Further information: Google data centers
Google data centers are located in North and South America, Asia, and Europe.[258] There is no official data on the number of servers in Google data centers; however, research and advisory firm Gartner estimated in a July 2016 report that Google at the time had 2.5 million servers.[259] Traditionally, Google relied on parallel computing on commodity hardware like mainstream x86 computers (similar to home PCs) to keep costs per query low.[260][261][262] In 2005, it started developing its own designs, which were only revealed in 2009.[262]
Google built its own private submarine communications cables; the first, named Curie, connects California with Chile and was completed on November 15, 2019.[263][264] The second fully Google-owned undersea cable, named Dunant, connects the United States with France and is planned to begin operation in 2020.[265] Google's third subsea cable, Equiano, will connect Lisbon, Portugal with Lagos, Nigeria and Cape Town, South Africa.[266] The company's fourth cable, named Grace Hopper, connects landing points in New York, US, Bude, UK and Bilbao, Spain, and is expected to become operational in 2022.[267]
In October 2006, the company announced plans to install thousands of solar panels to provide up to 1.6 Megawatt of electricity, enough to satisfy approximately 30% of the campus' energy needs.[268][269] The system is the largest rooftop photovoltaic power station constructed on a U.S. corporate campus and one of the largest on any corporate site in the world.[268] Since 2007,[update] Google has aimed for carbon neutrality in regard to its operations.[270]
Google disclosed in September 2011 that it "continuously uses enough electricity to power 200,000 homes", almost 260 million watts or about a quarter of the output of a nuclear power plant. Total carbon emissions for 2010 were just under 1.5 million metric tons, mostly due to fossil fuels that provide electricity for the data centers. Google said that 25 percent of its energy was supplied by renewable fuels in 2010. An average search uses only 0.3 watt-hours of electricity, so all global searches are only 12.5 million watts or 5% of the total electricity consumption by Google.[271]
In 2010, Google Energy made its first investment in a renewable energy project, putting $38.8 million into two wind farms in North Dakota. The company announced the two locations will generate 169.5 megawatts of power, enough to supply 55,000 homes.[272] In February 2010, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission FERC granted Google an authorization to buy and sell energy at market rates.[273] The corporation exercised this authorization in September 2013 when it announced it would purchase all the electricity produced by the not-yet-built 240-megawatt Happy Hereford wind farm.[274]
In July 2010, Google signed an agreement with an Iowa wind farm to buy 114 megawatts of power for 20 years.[275]
In December 2016, Google announced that—starting in 2017—it would purchase enough renewable energy to match 100% of the energy usage of its data centers and offices. The commitment will make Google "the world's largest corporate buyer of renewable power, with commitments reaching 2.6 gigawatts (2,600 megawatts) of wind and solar energy".[276][277][278]
In November 2017, Google bought 536 megawatts of wind power. The purchase made the firm reach 100% renewable energy. The wind energy comes from two power plants in South Dakota, one in Iowa and one in Oklahoma.[279] In September 2019, Google's chief executive announced plans for a $2 billion wind and solar investment, the biggest renewable energy deal in corporate history. This will grow their green energy profile by 40%, giving them an extra 1.6 gigawatt of clean energy, the company said.[280]
In September 2020, Google announced it had retroactively offset all of its carbon emissions since the company's foundation in 1998.[281] It also committed to operating its data centers and offices using only carbon-free energy by 2030.[282] In October 2020, the company pledged to make the packaging for its hardware products 100% plastic-free and 100% recyclable by 2025. It also said that all its final assembly manufacturing sites will achieve a UL 2799 Zero Waste to Landfill certification by 2022 by ensuring that the vast majority of waste from the manufacturing process is recycled instead of ending up in a landfill.[283]
Google donates to politicians who deny climate change, including Jim Inhofe, and sponsors climate change denial political groups including the State Policy Network and the Competitive Enterprise Institute.[284][285][286]
Main article: Google.org
In 2004, Google formed the not-for-profit philanthropic Google.org, with a start-up fund of $1 billion.[287] The mission of the organization is to create awareness about climate change, global public health, and global poverty. One of its first projects was to develop a viable plug-in hybrid electric vehicle that can attain 100 miles per gallon. Google hired Larry Brilliant as the program's executive director in 2004[288] and Megan Smith has since[update] replaced him as director.[289]
In March 2007, in partnership with the Mathematical Sciences Research Institute (MSRI), Google hosted the first Julia Robinson Mathematics Festival at its headquarters in Mountain View.[290] In 2011, Google donated 1 million euros to International Mathematical Olympiad to support the next five annual International Mathematical Olympiads (2011–2015).[291][292] In July 2012, Google launched a "Legalize Love" campaign in support of gay rights.[293]
In 2008, Google announced its "project 10100" which accepted ideas for how to help the community and then allowed Google users to vote on their favorites.[294] After two years of silence, during which many wondered what had happened to the program,[295] Google revealed the winners of the project, giving a total of ten million dollars to various ideas ranging from non-profit organizations that promote education to a website that intends to make all legal documents public and online.[296]
Criticism and controversies
Main articles: Criticism of Google, Censorship by Google, and Privacy concerns regarding Google
This section should include a better summary of Criticism of Google. See Wikipedia:Summary style for information on how to properly incorporate it into this article's main text. (April 2019)
San Francisco activists protest privately owned shuttle buses that transport workers for tech companies such as Google from their homes in San Francisco and Oakland to corporate campuses in Silicon Valley.
Google's market dominance has led to prominent media coverage, including criticism of Google over issues such as aggressive tax avoidance,[297] search neutrality, copyright, censorship of search results and content,[298] and privacy.[299][300] Other criticisms include alleged misuse and manipulation of search results, its use of others' intellectual property, concerns that its compilation of data may violate people's privacy, and the energy consumption of its servers, as well as concerns over traditional business issues such as monopoly, restraint of trade, anti-competitive practices, and patent infringement.
Google formerly complied with Internet censorship policies of the People's Republic of China,[301] enforced by means of filters colloquially known as "The Great Firewall of China", but no longer does so. As a result, all Google services except for Chinese Google Maps are blocked from access within mainland China without the aid of virtual private networks (VPNs), proxy servers, or other similar technologies. In August 2018, The Intercept reported that Google is developing for the People's Republic of China a censored version of its search engine (known as Dragonfly) "that will blacklist websites and search terms about human rights, democracy, religion, and peaceful protest".[302][303] However, the project had been withheld due to privacy concerns.[304]
Following media reports about PRISM, the NSA's massive electronic surveillance program, in June 2013, several technology companies were identified as participants, including Google.[305] According to unnamed sources, Google joined the PRISM program in 2009, as did its wholly-owned subsidiary YouTube in 2010.[306]
Google has worked with the United States Department of Defense on drone software through the 2017 Project Maven that could be used to improve the accuracy of drone strikes.[307] In April 2018, thousands of Google employees, including senior engineers, signed a letter urging Google CEO Sundar Pichai to end this controversial contract with the Pentagon.[308] Google ultimately decided not to renew this DoD contract, which was set to expire in 2019.[309]
In July 2018, Mozilla program manager Chris Peterson accused Google of intentionally slowing down YouTube performance on Firefox.[310][311] In April 2019, former Mozilla executive Jonathan Nightingale accused Google of intentionally and systematically sabotaging the Firefox browser over the past decade in order to boost adoption of Google Chrome.[312]
In 2019, a hub for critics of Google dedicated to abstaining from using Google products coalesced in the Reddit online community /r/degoogle.[313] The DeGoogle grassroots campaign continues to grow as privacy activists highlight information about Google products, and the associated incursion on personal privacy rights by the company.
In November 2019, the Office for Civil Rights of the United States Department of Health and Human Services began investigation into Project Nightingale, to assess whether the "mass collection of individuals’ medical records" complied with HIPAA.[314] According to The Wall Street Journal, Google secretively began the project in 2018, with St. Louis-based healthcare company Ascension.[315]
In a 2022 National Labor Relations Board ruling, court documents suggested that Google sponsored a secretive project -- Project Vivian to counsel its employees and to discourage them from forming unions.[316]
Anti-trust, privacy, and other litigation
Main article: Google litigation
The European Commission, which imposed three fines on Google in 2017, 2018, and 2019
Google has been involved in a number of lawsuits including the High-Tech Employee Antitrust Litigation which resulted in Google being one of four companies to pay a $415 million settlement to employees.[317]
On June 27, 2017, the company received a record fine of €2.42 billion from the European Union for "promoting its own shopping comparison service at the top of search results."[318] Commenting on the penalty, New Scientist magazine said:
"The hefty sum – the largest ever doled out by the EU's competition regulators – will sting in the short term, but Google can handle it. Alphabet, Google’s parent company, made a profit of $2.5 billion (€2.2 billion) in the first six weeks of 2017 alone. The real impact of the ruling is that Google must stop using its dominance as a search engine to give itself the edge in another market: online price comparisons."
Google (Alphabet) disputed the ruling.[319] The hearing at the General Court of Luxembourg was scheduled for 2020. The court is going to deliver the ultimate judgment by the end of the year.[320]
On July 18, 2018,[321] the European Commission fined Google €4.34 billion for breaching EU antitrust rules. The abuse of dominant position has been referred to Google's constraint applied to Android device manufacturers and network operators to ensure that traffic on Android devices goes to the Google search engine. On October 9, 2018, Google confirmed[322] that it had appealed the fine to the General Court of the European Union.[323]
On October 8, 2018, a class action lawsuit was filed against Google and Alphabet due to "non-public" Google+ account data being exposed as a result of a bug that allowed app developers to gain access to the private information of users. The litigation was settled in July 2020 for $7.5 million with a payout to claimants of at least $5 each, with a maximum of $12 each.[324][325][326]
On January 21, 2019, French data regulator CNIL imposed a record €50 million fine on Google for breaching the European Union's General Data Protection Regulation. The judgment claimed Google had failed to sufficiently inform users of its methods for collecting data to personalize advertising. Google issued a statement saying it was “deeply committed” to transparency and was “studying the decision” before determining its response.[327]
On March 20, 2019, the European Commission imposed a €1.49 billion ($1.69 billion) fine on Google for preventing rivals from being able to “compete and innovate fairly” in the online advertising market.[328] European Union competition commissioner Margrethe Vestager said Google had violated EU antitrust rules by “imposing anti-competitive contractual restrictions on third-party websites” that required them to exclude search results from Google's rivals. Kent Walker, Google's senior vice-president of global affairs, said the company had “already made a wide range of changes to our products to address the Commission’s concerns,” and that "we'll be making further updates to give more visibility to rivals in Europe."[329]
After U.S. Congressional hearings in July 2020,[330] and a report from the U.S. House of Representatives' Antitrust Subcommittee released in early October,[331] the United States Department of Justice filed an antitrust lawsuit against Google on October 20, 2020, asserting that it has illegally maintained its monopoly position in web search and search advertising.[332][333] The lawsuit alleged that Google engaged in anticompetitive behavior by paying Apple between $8 billion and $12 billion to be the default search engine on iPhones.[334] Ken Paxton, the Texas Attorney General leading the suit, stated that "Google is a trillion-dollar monopoly brazenly abusing its monopolistic power, going so far as to induce senior Facebook executives to agree to a contractual scheme that undermines the heart of [the] competitive process." In part, the suit challenges Alphabet's capacity to fairly compete with the company in online advertising. No Democratic politicians joined Mr. Paxion in the suit. The majority of the accusations against Google involve their ad-tech software, of which Google owns the dominant tool at every link in the chain connecting online publishers and advertisers.[335] Later that month, both Facebook and Alphabet agreed to "cooperate and assist one another" in the face of investigation into their online advertising practices.[336][337]
On 06 January 2022, France's data privacy regulatory body CNIL fined Alphabet's Google a 150 million euros (US$169 million) for not allowing its internet users an easy refusal of Cookies along with Facebook.[338]
Private browsing lawsuit
See also: Private browsing
In early June 2020, a $5 billion class-action lawsuit was filed against Google by a group of consumers, alleging that Chrome’s Incognito browsing mode still collects their user history.[339][340] The lawsuit became known in March 2021 when a federal judge denied Google's request to dismiss the case, ruling that they must face the group’s charges.[341][342] Reuters reported that the lawsuit alleged that Google's CEO Sundar Pichai sought to keep the users unaware of this issue.[343]
Outline of Google
History of Google
List of mergers and acquisitions by Alphabet
List of Google products
Google China
Googlization
Google ATAP
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^ "$5 billion class-action lawsuit against Google". Reuters. September 24, 2021. Retrieved October 4, 2021.
Saylor, Michael (2012). The Mobile Wave: How Mobile Intelligence Will Change Everything. Perseus Books/Vanguard Press. ISBN 978-1593157203.
Vaidhyanathan, Siya. 2011. The Googlization of Everything: (And Why We Should Worry). University of California Press.
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When Poison Imploded at the 1991 MTV VMAs
Bryan Rolli
Bryan Rolli Updated: September 5, 2021
One of the most popular and reductive theories in rock history is that grunge singlehandedly destroyed glam metal overnight after the release of Nirvana's Nevermind. While Nirvana's seminal major-label debut did mark a zeitgeist shift when it came out on Sept. 24, 1991, the death blow to glam metal could have just as well come from one of its own — namely, Poison, who delivered a disastrous performance at the 1991 MTV Video Music Awards less than three weeks before the release of Nevermind, on Sept. 5, 1991.
Despite the impending grunge revolution, Poison were still hard-rock kingpins in 1991, having earned a triple platinum certification from the RIAA for 1990's Flesh & Blood, which spawned the Top 10 singles "Unskinny Bop" and "Something to Believe In." But tensions between frontman Bret Michaels and guitarist C.C. DeVille had been steadily mounting for months, compounded by a grueling touring schedule and DeVille's escalating drug use. The two came to blows at a New Orleans sports bar one night on tour, foreshadowing the backstage brawl that would unfold at the VMAs.
Even before they hit the stage, Poison — particularly DeVille – looked rough. One clip from the ceremony shows a pink-haired DeVille dancing haphazardly in the crowd and slurring his words as he shouts to the at-home audience. Rumors of DeVille's intoxication abounded but were not confirmed, though it doesn't take a health expert or guitar wizard to figure out the six-stringer was off his game that night.
What went down before Poison hit the stage remains subject to debate. One version of the story says DeVille didn't want to play their recent single "Unskinny Bop" and instead wanted to play their breakthrough hit "Talk Dirty to Me." Another version says the guitarist was confused by something Michaels said on stage, prompting DeVille to begin playing the wrong song.
Whatever the truth is, the result was the same: a trainwreck of a performance that still elicits equal parts amusement, shame, anger and secondhand embarrassment.
Watch Poison's Disastrous 1991 VMAs Performance
DeVille was clearly on another planet from the start, careening across the stage and bashing sloppy riffs from his out-of-tune guitar. The band made it to the chorus of "Unskinny Bop" before DeVille abruptly stopped playing, bringing the performance to an awkward halt. Host Arsenio Hall valiantly tried to salvage the debacle by reintroducing Poison, but they had already passed the point of no return.
The band rebooted with the a cappella intro to Flesh & Blood's "Let it Play," then vamped as Michaels asked the audience if they were ready to talk dirty to him. What followed was one of the most laughably unhinged performances in the annals of rock guitar. DeVille fumbled the elementary riffs to "Talk Dirty to Me," crammed atonal fills into nearly every measure and even unplugged his guitar during the second chorus. It's a marvel he squawked out anything resembling a solo, while Michaels and bassist Bobby Dall hitched across the stage in unison to distract viewers.
"It ain't perfect, but it's rock 'n' roll," Michaels told viewers as Poison finished the song.
He and DeVille proceeded to clobber each other backstage, and the guitarist was fired shortly thereafter. Poison replaced DeVille with 21-year-old hotshot Richie Kotzen, and the new quartet released Native Tongue in 1993 to little fanfare.
DeVille reunited with his ex-bandmates in 1996, and the classic Poison lineup has toured dutifully since then. But they didn't immediately unlearn their tendency to settle disputes with their fists. Michaels and Dall nearly came to blows onstage in Atlanta in 2006, and Michaels hinted that fans had just seen the last Poison show ever.
They eventually made up, but Michaels' words from that night still ring true: "We are like brothers, and sometimes brothers want to knock the fuck out of each other."
Top 30 Glam Metal Albums
There's nothing guilty about these pleasures.
Next: Revisiting Poison's 'Flesh & Blood'
Source: When Poison Imploded at the 1991 MTV VMAs
Filed Under: MTV, Poison
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Ribbon Cutting Ceremony, Open House For Rochester’s Newest School
Kim David
Kim David Published: September 8, 2021
Creatas
Rochester, MN (KROC AM News) - Rochester Public Schools is holding an open house today (Wednesday) at its newest school.
A formal program is scheduled to begin at 4:30 pm at Overland Elementary, which opened for its first students last week. The school is located at 2300 Overland Drive NW.
There will be comments from school and construction officials at 4:30 p.m., a ribbon-cutting ceremony with the Rochester Area Chamber of Commerce at 4:45 p.m., and tours of the building starting at 5 p.m. The open house will be from 4:30 to 6 p.m.
During the current school year, Overland will be mostly used by Harriet Bishop students. RPS is building a new school at the Harriet Bishop site in the Country Club Manor neighborhood. It’s scheduled to open next year.
RPS invited 130 students that live within the walking boundary of Overland to join the Harriet Bishop students during the 2021/22 school year.
News update: Rochester man pleads guilty in federal child porn case.
KEEP LOOKING: See What 50 of America's Most 'Pupular' Dog Breeds Look Like as Puppies
Source: Ribbon Cutting Ceremony, Open House For Rochester’s Newest School
Filed Under: Rochester, Rochester Public Schools, Schools
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Fushigi Translations
English translations of Japanese Light Novels.
Yuusha no Segare
Isekai Quest After School!
Chapter 1, Part 1
February 19, 2017 February 27, 2017 / Nazo
Chapter 1 − Hideo’s Saga
As before, only the humming sound of the refrigerator echoed in the living room.
Speaking of Yasuo, he was just sitting in front of his father with his mouth open, unable to comprehend even a part of what his father had said.
“What do you mean by ‘what’?”
“Umm, Dad, can you repeat what you just said?”
It’s not that he didn’t hear what was said. He had just lost the thread of the conversation because what he heard was so far removed from the sort of troubles he had steeled himself for.
“You want to go where? To do what?”
“It’s like I said.”
His father probably didn’t expect to be be questioned in return, so he had a discomfited look as he cleared his throat and repeated his words.
“I said, I want to go to another world, and become a Hero.”
“Wait a minute. I heard you properly this time, but I still didn’t understand a single word.”
“What don’t you understand?”
His father asked with a slightly annoyed expression, but the only answer he could give was that he didn’t understand any of it. In any case, Yasuo ignored his father and desperately tried to extract the meaning of “Another world” and “Hero” from his general knowledge as a high school student, accumulated over the eighteen years of his life.
“Isekai… ise… ise… Ise? And the ‘kai’ is… the ocean? The ocean near Ise? The Mie Prefecture?”
(TL Note: “Isekai” is written in katakana here. )
“Oh, I get it now. So you’re being transferred for work?”
“Transferred? Ah, yes, I guess you could put it that way.”
“Ah, I see. Now, for ‘Yuusha’… yuu and sha… yuu… a merger, and a company? A company merger… Oh, so that’s how it is. There’s a merger happening in the Mie Prefecture, so you’re being sent there? ”
(TL Note: “Yuusha” is written in katakana here.)
Yasuo’s mind was still somewhat paralyzed, and by the time he had realized it, he was spouting such words. At this frenzied answer that he had arrived at while attempting to return his racing thoughts to normal, his father made a puzzled face.
“What on Earth are you talking about?”
Just as he was about to reflexively reply, ‘That’s what I want to ask you!’, he heard the sound of a toilet being flushed, coming from outside the room.
Yasuo jumped and turned his head towards the door so quickly that it was in danger of flying off his neck. All of the family members were in this room. So, who was using the toilet?
Just as he was about to ask that question, Yasuo realized something. The other three people weren’t surprised at the sound of the toilet flush. Which meant, they knew who was in the bathroom.
“Is there a guest in the house?”
He asked that question to the room at large, but no one replied.
Instead, he heard the sound of someone walking on the floorboards of the hallway, and the clinking sound of metal surfaces hitting each other. Could it be that the toilet was blocked and they had called a plumber to fix it, in spite of this situation?
That was the only reason he could think of for that sound. When the person making that sound opened the door to the living room, this time, Yasuo was at a loss for words, stopped breathing, and even his mind went blank.
“I’m sorry for leaving in the middle of the conversation. I’ve never used a flush toilet before. It seems very convenient. ”
While the family members were all being strangely flustered, an unknown girl wearing light armour put on an apologetic expression and made a comment regarding the usability of flush toilets.
If there was someone who would not be confused at this situation, he must be a god.
The girl who had dropped Yasuo into such a fearsome state of confusion noticed his presence and her face lit up.
“Ah! You must be-!”
As Yasuo continued to be be confused, the mysterious girl quickly came close enough for him to be able to feel her breath, grabbed his hand and said with shining eyes,
“So, you are Hideo’s son, Yasuo, right?”
“Eh? Huh? Ehh?”
“I knew it as soon as I saw you. You’ve inherited that look from Hideo, you have such courageous features!”
“Umm, ok… Ehh?”
His relatives often said that he resembled his father at his age, but he had never heard anyone praise him so eloquently and courteously, so his confusion just increased.
“I’m sorry for making you take the time to listen to me, in spite of your important schedule! Thank you for accepting me into your house, in spite of appearing unannounced!”
“………..Sure.”
His didn’t even know what to do anymore.
He was supposed to attend prep school after school today, but he took a day off. At around 4:00 PM, right after school had ended, he received a message from his mother on the messaging application, 『ROPE』, to come home as soon as possible.
Since the message said to forget about prep school and come home right away, he sent a message to his prep school that he would be absent that day and came home only to find this situation, so his head was overheating.
Unlike Yasuo who was confused, the unknown young lady suddenly recovered her wits and corrected her posture while blushing.
“I’m sorry! I acted so rudely without even introducing myself!”
“No, that’s okay….”
Yasuo’s expression stiffened after seeing that she was kneeling next to his chair while he had been spacing out.
“Umm…?”
After seeing a bonafide kneeling that he had only seen in historical dramas, Yasuo partly rose from his chair.
“I’m from a different dimension, specifically, the Resteria Kingdom on the world of Ante Lande. My name is Dianaze Krone, and I’m a Magitech soldier. I’ve come here as an envoy to summon the legendary hero, Kenzaki Hideo-dono, who is the hero of salvation.”
Yasuo had remained frozen in his half-standing position since the speech began.
There’s that word again, ‘Isekai’. What’s more, it’s called Ante Lande.
“I was just explaining the situation to the family members of the Hero, Hideo, but we were waiting for you to return before going into the details, Yasuo.”
Yasuo just noticed that this girl who looked like she had jumped out of a game, Dia-whatever her name was, had blonde hair and green eyes.
She was definitely not from Japan. However, she was speaking fluent Japanese, without an accent. She was also the most beautiful girl Yasuo had ever seen, which caused him to get even more flustered. He finally stood up properly and shook his head.
“Umm, what does an employee of a theme park from the Mie Prefecture want with my dad? We’ve never gone to Mie, even during our family vacations. B-By the way, please stand up. There’s a stain over there that looks like it came from soy sauce…”
The girl with the beautiful hair color blinked at Yasuo’s response.
“Umm, has Yasuo not heard anything about the situation yet?“
Well, he had heard something which sounded like Japanese, and yet made no sense.
The girl was still kneeling even though he had asked her to stand up, and gave off an air of bewilderment. However, Yasuo was still far ahead of her in his degree of confusion. It hadn’t even been ten minutes since he came back home, and there were already so many things that couldn’t be explained by common sense.
“Well, both of you take a seat for now. Diana-chan, can you start explaining from the beginning again? Yasuo still doesn’t understand the situation.”
“It’s not just a matter of ‘understanding’…”
“Ah, okay. I understand. I’ll take a seat, then.”
Yasuo’s father wasn’t able to watch the scene any longer, so he stepped up and sent a lifeboat to Yasuo. However Yasuo wasn’t able to recognize it as a boat, and the young lady wearing light armor meekly stood up as asked while looking at Yasuo’s face, and what’s more, seeing her sit at the head of the table like it was only natural made him feel like he was going crazy. Also, his father had shortened her name and was referring to her by some sort of nickname…
“Ahem. Well then, let me introduce myself again. Yasuo, Nodoka, my name is Dianaze Krone. People who are close to me call me Diana. Please feel free to call me that as well.”
Yasuo gave a dazed answer, and Nodoka didn’t look at her even though she was spoken to.
“I assume you are confused by this sudden turn of events, and I sympathise with you. However, the matter is urgent, so we would like to begin summoning the Hero, Hideo, as soon as possible.”
“Um, hang on for a second, please stop right there.”
Although Yasuo looked to be the same age as her, the girl called Dia-whatever, now known as Diana, had a mature air about her that couldn’t be compared to him. Yasuo stopped her from speaking and asked in an unsure voice,
“To start with… what do you mean by ‘The Hero, Hideo’?”
Of course, Yasuo knew what the word ‘Hero’ meant. It was a job or title that often popped up in manga, novels, and games, and was usually awarded to the protagonist or a similarly important person. It has the connotation of simply meaning ‘A brave person’, but judging from what Diana had said so far, the ‘Hero’ she was talking about seemed like someone who wielded overwhelming power in a fantasy world, defeated monsters by the dozens, and saved humanity from destruction.
However, coming to that deduction and accepting the phrase ‘The Hero, Hideo’ were different matters. Diana still continued to speak like there was nothing wrong.
“Exactly what it sounds like. It is a title given by the people to praise the person who saved Ante Lande by repelling the all-encompassing darkness. The Hero of Salvation and the Holy Swordsman of the Wind, Hideo Kenzaki.”
Hideo Kenzaki. There was no doubt, that was his father’s name. However, she said some words that made no sense again. What the heck is a ‘Holy Swordsman of the Wind’?
“I personally find that name to be kind of embarrassing.”
And the person under discussion, Hideo Kensaki, was uncharacteristically blushing after hearing Diana’s serious words. Yasuo wished he’d shut up as he was only making the discussion more complicated, and besides, if he was embarrassed at being called the ‘The Holy Swordsman of the Wind’, he should have been showing a thousand times more shame than he was now.
“This happened more than thirty years ago. The people of Ante Lande were facing an unprecedented crisis. The world was almost destroyed by the invasion of an army from the Demon World, under the command of the Demon King Kaul.”
“Okay. Demon King Kaul…”
That makes sense. The enemy of the Hero is the Demon King. Yasuo accepted that without really believing it.
“The humans were being defeated continuously, and the world had almost fallen into despair, when Hideo Kenzaki appeared like a comet cutting through the night sky. He singlehandedly defeated the forces of General Belial, one of Kaul’s subordinates, who was about to attack my home country, the Resteria Kingdom. It is said that even the people who had witnessed that sight doubted their eyes afterwards.”
“Ah, no, that’s an exaggeration. I just went on a rampage without knowing what was going on. In the end, I would have definitely died if not for the Erijina… your mother’s help.”
“Mother told me that you would probably say that, Hideo. She also told me that your valiant fighting is what roused the spirits of the Kingdom’s Knights.”
“Haha, thanks. Hearing about the old days again is really embarrassing.”
Yasuo felt that his head was spinning as he heard his father and Diana talking like old friends in game-like terms.
“After that, many people assembled under Hideo, including the person he mentioned earlier, my mother Erijina who was the leader of the Mage Squad. At the end of their journey filled with trials, they defeated the Demon King Kaul. Hideo then returned to this world, but people from all over Ante Lande still praise the efforts of Hideo, and continue to pass on the legend of Hideo Kenzaki.”
“The legend of Hideo Kenzaki? You can’t be serious.”
That retort slipped out of his mouth, but no one could blame him for that.
“That’s really exaggerated, I didn’t do anything that grand…”
“Stop being bashful, Dad! I wasn’t talking about that anyways!”
“But the shadow of Demon King Kaul is once again trying to cover Ante Lande. We don’t know if he has come back after being defeated thirty years ago. However, the situation calls for immediate action. Hideo Kenzaki is still the only person strong enough to fight against Demon King Kaul. Under orders from my mother Erijina, who now commands the Kingdom’s Knights, I have come to Japan to once again ask for Hideo’s assistance.”
Since the conversation had gone on for quite some time, Yasuo was still confused, but he was now able to follow the thread of the conversation. So basically, whatever bad things that had happened in that place called Ante Lande in the past were once again beginning to occur.
To resolve that issue, they needed his father’s help. That much, he understood. But…
“So, that’s how it is? You’re talking about some MMO that is popular all over the world, right? I can see you’ve put a lot of effort into your cosplay, and it’s surprising that my dad knows people abroad, and a young girl at that. So there’s going to be an offline meeting of players from all over the world, and you’ve come to attend that meeting while taking a tour of Japan? Your Japanese is really good, too…”
In that way, Yasuo said such things while wishing for them to be true. Rather than his father or Diana, he said it for the sake of his mother and Nodoka.
However, Diana was truly confused by what Yasuo was saying, and looked at Hideo for help. Hideo let out a long and deep sigh.
“Your reaction is not really surprising, but enough joking around, Yasuo. This is a serious matter.”
“‘Serious’? Look, Dad, I’m sorry if I’ve hurt your feelings, but you mean that like games are not just for fun, right? Ever since I started attending prep school, I’ve only played games on my Slimphone, I haven’t done any serious gaming that requires a PC…”
“Yasuo.”
That heavy, single word from his father forestalled the rest of Yasuo’s unexpectedly shrill answer. It was the same tone he had used in the past when Yasuo was scolded for playing a prank.
“It seems like Ante Lande is in serious trouble. Even if nothing bad happens today or tomorrow, there’s no guessing what kind of bad things will happen within half an year. I plan on accepting this request.”
“I can’t say anything for certain until I go there and talk to her mother, and see the situation for myself. However, if Kaul’s presence is indeed starting to eat away at that world once again, I probably won’t be able to come back easily. That’s why…”
Hideo locked gazes with his son as if attempting to convey the depth of his resolve.
“I’m going to quit my job, and go to Ante Lande.”
“W-Wait just a minute! What are you saying all of a sudden?”
He was willing to dismiss all the things until now as a bad joke. But at this statement, he couldn’t stay silent.
Basically, this sentence was a lot more realistic to Yasuo compared to the words of Diana who appeared to be a teenager.
“You’re going to quit your job? You can’t be serious. What are we going to do from now on if you quit!?”
Nodoka looked at her shouting brother with a dull expression, but Yasuo didn’t notice that.
“I would understand if you were being transferred because of your job, and had to live apart from us for that reason. But quitting your job because of a game, that’s not acceptable in these times! Do you even understand what you’re saying!?”
“Yasuo, it’s not a game. I’m being serious.”
“There’s not a single person who would believe that! I don’t understand you at all! You always warn us to not play too many games and stuff, and now you’re ditching your family because of a game!?”
“Yasuo, about that…”
“Think about it again! It’s not normal to quit your job for a thing like this! Do you understand? Both Nodoka and I have entrance exams this year. Depending on what school we get into, it’ll cost a fair bit of money, and besides, quitting a job that you’ve been working at until you’re nearly fifty years old is unheard of!”
Yasuo went on a rant, his excitement causing the blood flow to his head to reduce. However, the stiff atmosphere in that place did not change.
His mother was still sitting silently with a serious expression on her face, Nodoka was shrugging with a stunned expression, and the main person, his father, didn’t show any hint of wavering after hearing his son’s words.
Hideo worked for a company called Yamahata. It was a company that had seen a sudden rise in popularity among women, due to publishing a diet recipe book that overturned the conventional practices.
Yasuo didn’t know any details about what his father did at work. However, there was a time when he mentioned his father’s company name in a discussion with friends about their parents’ jobs, and even girls he usually didn’t talk to were suddenly very interested, and this incident left a strange impression on him. After that, he sat down and did some proper research and found out that they sold recipie books and books related to the retail business.
Later, he finally remembered talking to his father about this, and he initially assumed that the company produced foodstuffs, but he was astonished to learn that their real business was actually the development and sale of measurement devices.
His father held some managerial position there, with a western name that he didn’t really understand. By not understanding, he meant that he didn’t know if it was a head of a section or a head of a department, it didn’t correspond with any of the usual Japanese designations. Combined with the fact that his father didn’t usually talk about his work at home, there weren’t many opportunities for Yasuo to learn more.
Regardless of that, he still knew that it was too soon for his father to retire from work. Considering their lifestyle, and from hearing snatches of conversation as his father spoke over the phone, he also knew that his father was in a considerably important position in the company.
Quitting such a job for the sake of some weird game was definitely not something a sane person would do.
“It’ll be fine.”
However, Hideo looked straight at his son and daughter as though trying to say how strong his determination was.
“The loan on the house has already been paid up in full. Even if both of you want to go to a private college, we still have enough savings for that, and to help with your wedding ceremonies as well.”
“I’m not talking about stuff like that!!”
“It can’t be helped. I’m too old to take a sabbatical. I can’t move around like I used to anymore, and I can’t very well keep my job when I have no idea when I’ll be able to return.”
Taking early retirement due to health issues was not that strange for a middle-aged salaryman, but having a reason like ‘going to another world to be a hero’ sounded strange no matter how you looked at it.
Diana, who was dismayed by Yasuo’s anger, interjected with a comment as if trying to soothe the atmosphere.
“Umm, we have taken into account the fact that Hideo might have formed a family during these last thirty years. During the period when Hideo is absent, The Resteria Kingdom will take full responsibility for the well-being of the family-”
However, what she said only irritated Yasuo even more.
“You be quiet! The currency from an MMO can’t be used to buy food, nor can it be used to pay for school! Besides, it’s not really a matter of money anymore!”
“B-But what I’m talking about is real! G-Games are a type of entertainment in this world, right? I’m not talking about playing around, this is a serious-”
“Didn’t I tell you to shut up!?”
“Uu…!”
At Yasuo’s loudest shout so far, Diana shook like a child who has been scolded, and stopped talking while looking like she was about to cry.
“Onii-chan, you’re being noisy.”
“The window in the kitchen is open. I’ll go close it.”
After hearing what his sister and mother said, Yasuo felt a twinge of guilt and a sense of unease. Since earlier, he was the only one who had been chewing out his father in a loud voice. How were his mother and Nodoka able to stay calm after hearing something so idiotic?
Yasuo felt an unpleasant sense of impatience, but he was able to calm down a little after looking around the room once.
“…Say, Dad. I don’t know what working in a company is like, but wouldn’t the other people be inconvenienced if you were to quit?”
“Well, yeah, that’s true.”
Seeing a hint of wavering in his father’s expression for the first time, Yasuo continued to press him for answers without any delay.
“The same goes for us. Especially Nodoka, who is taking an entrance exam for the first time, and what are we supposed to say if the neighbors ask about you?”
“I do feel sorry about that. Having to do something like this even though it is an important time for you two…”
His father’s words depressed words and defeated appearance just made Yasuo more irritated.
What’s more, from beside Yasuo,
“I’m not that worried about my exams, actually.”
“I wonder if there are any neighbors who will ask about your father…”
Hearing the words of Nodoka and his mother that seemed like they were supporting his father, Yasuo once again got angry.
“If you understand, stop talking about such nonsense! Games are just games! Your son and daughter have entrance exams this year, you know? And yet you still want to quit your job because of some game?”
In contrast to Yasuo’s anger, his father’s expression just got more sorrowful.
“Yasuo! It’s not a game! Ante Lande is not a world from some game or manga! It really exists, and I spent two years there, and gained many important friends and comrades! I’m here thanks to those people. If they are once again in danger, I want to help them!”
“How do you expect me to believe something like that!?”
At that point, Yasuo finally calmed down.
Yasuo knew that his father was being serious. However, the conversation was too absurd.
He wasn’t young enough to believe in things like the existence of different worlds and Demon Kings without question.
Besides, regardless of the circumstances, it was not okay for a man to abruptly bring a strange girl over and talk about quitting his job and leaving his wife, a son in his third year of high school, and a daughter in her third year of middle school behind while he went somewhere far away. If he didn’t stop him, then they couldn’t even be considered a family.
However, his father’s expression indicated that he was resolved to do just that. That’s why, Yasuo wanted to stop his father’s insanity, no matter what kind of oppressive, rude, and dirty words he had to use.
“Hideo……”
However, even Yasuo’s shout failed to move his father’s heart. After looking at Diana, Hideo looked like he had become even more resolute, and stood up slowly.
“Right now, I cannot prove that Ante Lande exists. However, I can show you proof that I was a Hero, ‘The Holy Swordsman of the Wind’. I hope that will be enough to satisfy you.”
“Huh? P-Proof?”
As Yasuo started to get a headache due to his confusion, his father slowly moved away from the table.
“……It’s been a while, my other half.”
His father slowly raised his arms up to eye level. In that instant, a gust of wind blew through the living room even though the windows were closed and the AC was switched off, and both Yasuo and Nodoka opened their eyes wide.
-End of Ch1.Part1-
Chapter 1, Volume 1.0
← Prologue
Chapter 1, Part 2 →
12 thoughts on “Chapter 1, Part 1”
Natsume02
Ahhh, that was funny.
holly fuck
nansty
Thanks for the chapter! !!! I look forward to see more 🙂
Thank you! So the main character couldn’t process this information and thought it was just a game. I don’t think anyone would give up their job for a mere game.
litasen
namad
Seems that the MC is in denial of the absurd and OOP scenario presented to him.
Candy-Sama
Thanks for the Chapter Nazo!
Quick check, can I get in contact with you via email or smth? 😮
There’s a Contact Form link at the bottom of the page.
Chris.P.Duck
thank you for another chapter
appreciate your work
anyway, starting to get interesting, it seems
If my father suddenly started behaving like that, I’d probably never speak to him again. That, or stick him in an elderly home.
Fnurdleburp
The real comedy is that this entire tantrum the MC threw could have been avoided if they just showed him proof magic exists from the very beginning. He’s actually the level-headed one here, with his family looking like they just joined a cult or something.
It’s one of the main flaws of many other such stories, the MC just accepting some cosplaying stranger’s word for it when they might just as well have just drugged him and dragged him to a basement or whatever. In short: when summoning heroes from our world, _show them proof before expecting them to believe you_.
ohmariowv
Yeah… I don’t blame MC for reacting the way that he has.
Dracula Yakin – Volume 1 EPUB and PDF June 26, 2021
Graveyard Shift Dracula! – Volume 1 Afterword March 8, 2021
Graveyard Shift Dracula! – Volume 1 Epilogue March 7, 2021
Graveyard Shift Dracula! – Volume 1 Chapter 4 March 7, 2021
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Supreme Court Upholds Lethal Injections
by Bob Allen | Apr 17, 2008 | News
A fragmented United States Supreme Court ruled 7-2 Wednesday that a three-drug protocol most commonly used for lethal injections does not violate the Constitution’s ban on cruel and unusual punishment.
Just two justices–Anthony Kennedy and Samuel Alito–joined Chief Justice John Roberts in an opinion upholding Kentucky’s method of using three drugs to sedate, paralyze and kill inmates.
Rejecting an appeal by two death-row inmates that the existing lethal injection protocol violates the Eighth Amendment because if not properly administered it is likely to cause substantial pain and suffering, Roberts ruled that simply because an execution method may result in pain does not automatically qualify it as cruel and unusual.
Allowing a condemned prisoner to challenge a state’s method of execution merely by showing a safer alternative, Roberts said, “would threaten to transform courts into boards of inquiry charged with determining ‘best practices’ for executions, with each ruling supplanted by another round of litigation touting a new and improved methodology.”
Such an approach, Roberts said, “would embroil the courts in ongoing scientific controversies beyond their expertise, and would substantially intrude on the role of state legislatures in implementing their execution procedures–a role that by all accounts the States have fulfilled with an earnest desire to provide for a progressively more humane manner of death.”
Only two justices–Ruth Bader Ginsburg and David Souter–dissented from the ruling, but four justices concurring with the judgment filed separate opinions quibbling over details. In addition Justice Alito, who joined Roberts and Kennedy in the plurality opinion, also wrote separately to explain his view of how the ruling should be implemented.
Justice John Paul Stevens agreed with the outcome, but described concern with use of the paralytic agent pancuronium bromide. Several states ban its use for euthanizing animals, because it masks outward signs of distress, meaning there is no way of knowing whether the subject is undergoing excruciating pain.
Justice Antonin Scalia wrote a concurring opinion that took exception to some of Stevens’ arguments against the death penalty, joined by Justice Clarence Thomas. Scalia in turn joined an opinion written by Thomas disagreeing with the governing standard behind the plurality opinion.
Justice Stephen Breyer concurred with the judgment but also agreed with part of Ginsburg’s dissent that the relevant question should be whether the method creates an unnecessary and avoidable risk of suffering.
The ruling allows states to lift moratoriums on executions that have been on hold for nearly seven months. Of 36 states that allow capital punishment, at least 30 use the same three-drug combination as Kentucky in their executions.
The case, Baze v. Rees, is the first time in more than a century for the Supreme Court to consider whether a specific execution method violates the Eighth Amendment. The last was in 1879, when the court ruled that firing squads do not constitute cruel and unusual punishment.
The decision is not expected to end the debate about lethal injection, however. As Justice Stevens noted in his opinion: “Instead of ending the controversy, I am now convinced that this case will generate debate not only about the constitutionality of the three-drug protocol, and specifically about the justification for the use of the paralytic agent, pancuronium bromide, but also about the justification for the death penalty itself.”
Some religious groups, like the National Council of Churches and American Baptist Churches in the U.S.A., support abolition of the death penalty. The Southern Baptist Convention, on the other hand, supports “fair and equitable use” of capital punishment for murder and treasonous acts that result in death.
Tags: Bob Allen, Capital Punishment, Death Penalty
Prescription Drug Prices Raise Concerns about… by Monty Self May 6, 2020
Are Vaccine Mandates Legal, Ethical, Advisable? – Part 1 by Monty Self March 31, 2021
Capital Punishment Sentences, Executions Decline in 2019 by EthicsDaily.com Staff January 13, 2020
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For the Wyoming newspaper, see Casper Star-Tribune.
Star Tribune front page, August 2, 2007
Broadsheet
Owner(s)
Star Tribune Media Company LLC (Glen Taylor)
Michael J. Klingensmith
Rene Sanchez
Scott Gillespie
May 25, 1867 (1867-05-25)
(as the Minneapolis Tribune)
August 19, 1920 (1920-08-19)
(as the Minneapolis Daily Star)
Star Tribune Building
650 3rd Ave S., Suite 1300
Minneapolis, Minnesota, U.S.
288,315 Daily
581,063 Sunday[1]
www.startribune.com
The Star Tribune is the largest newspaper in the U.S. state of Minnesota. It originated as the Minneapolis Tribune in 1867 and the competing Minneapolis Daily Star in 1920. During the 1930s and 1940s Minneapolis's competing newspapers were consolidated, with the Tribune published in the morning and the Star in the evening. They merged in 1982, creating the Star Tribune. After a tumultuous period in which the newspaper was sold and re-sold and filed for bankruptcy protection in 2009, it was purchased by local businessman Glen Taylor in 2014.
The Star Tribune serves Minneapolis and is distributed throughout the Minneapolis–Saint Paul metropolitan area, the state of Minnesota and the Upper Midwest. It typically contains a mixture of national, international and local news, sports, business and lifestyle content. Journalists from the Star Tribune and its predecessor newspapers have won six Peabody Awards, including two in 2013. The newspaper's headquarters is in downtown Minneapolis.
Minneapolis Tribune
The Star Tribune's roots date to the creation of the Minneapolis Daily Tribune by Colonel William S. King, William D. Washburn and Dorilus Morrison; the Tribune's first issue was published on May 25, 1867. The newspaper went through several different editors and publishers during its first two decades, including John T. Gilman, George K. Shaw, Albert Shaw and Alden J. Blethen. In 1878 the Minneapolis Evening Journal began publication, giving the Tribune its first competition. On November 30, 1889, the Tribune headquarters in downtown Minneapolis caught fire. Seven people were killed and 30 injured, and the building and presses were a total loss.[2]:3, 10–14
In 1891, the Tribune was purchased by Gilbert A. Pierce and William J. Murphy for $450,000 (equivalent to $11,872,000 in 2015). Pierce quickly sold his share to Thomas Lowry and Lowry sold it to Murphy, making Murphy the newspaper's sole owner. His business and legal background helped him structure the Tribune's debt and modernize its printing equipment. The newspaper experimented with partial-color printing and the use of halftone for photographs and portraits. In 1893, Murphy sent the Tribune's first correspondent to Washington, D.C. As Minneapolis grew, the newspaper's circulation expanded; the Tribune and the Evening Journal were closely competitive, with the smaller Minneapolis Times in third place. In 1905, Murphy bought out the Times and merged it with the Tribune.[2]:15–18
He died in 1918, endowing a school of journalism at the University of Minnesota. After a brief transitional period, Murphy's son Fred became the Tribune's publisher in 1921.[2]:23, 29
Minneapolis Daily Star
The other half of the newspaper's history begins with the Minnesota Daily Star, which was founded on August 19, 1920 by elements of the agrarian Nonpartisan League and backed by Thomas Van Lear and Herbert Gaston. The Daily Star had difficulty attracting advertisers with its overt political agenda, and went bankrupt in 1924. After its purchase by A. B. Frizzell and former New York Times executive John Thompson, the newspaper became the politically-independent Minneapolis Daily Star.[2]:55–56[3]
Cowles era
Star manager John Cowles, Sr.
In 1935, the Cowles family of Des Moines, Iowa purchased the Star. The family patriarch, Gardner Cowles, Sr., had purchased The Des Moines Register and the Des Moines Tribune during the first decade of the century and managed them successfully. Gardner's son, John Cowles, Sr. (1898–1983), moved to Minneapolis to manage the Star. Under him it had the city's highest circulation, pressuring Minneapolis's other newspapers. In 1939 the Cowles family purchased the Journal, merging the two newspapers into the Star-Journal. Tribune publisher Fred Murphy died in 1940; the following year the Cowles family bought the Tribune and merged it with their company, giving it ownership of the city's major newspapers. The Tribune became the city's morning newspaper, the Star-Journal (renamed the Star in 1947) was the evening newspaper and they published a joint Sunday edition. A separate evening newspaper (the Times) was spun off, which published until 1948.[2]:57–62[4]
In 1944, John Cowles, Sr. hired Wisconsin native and former Tulsa Tribune editor William P. Steven as managing editor of the two newspapers; Steven became vice-president and executive editor in 1954. During his tenure in Minneapolis, he was president of the Associated Press Managing Editors Association in 1949 and first chairman of the organization's Continuing Study Committee. By August 1960 John Cowles, Jr. was vice-president and associate editor of the two papers, and it was soon apparent that he disapproved of Steven's hard-nosed approach to journalism. When Steven chafed under the younger Cowles's management, he was fired.[5][6]
After Steven's ouster, John Cowles Jr. was editor of the two newspapers; he became president in 1968 and editorial chairman the following year. He had a progressive political viewpoint, publishing editorials supporting the civil-rights movement and liberal causes.[7]
In 1982 the morning Tribune was discontinued due to low circulation, and the staffs of the Star and Tribune were transferred to the merged Minneapolis Star and Tribune. Cowles, Jr. fired publisher Donald R. Dwight. His handling of Dwight's termination led to his removal as editor in 1983, although his family retained a controlling financial interest in the newspaper.[7]
In 1983, the Star Tribune challenged a Minnesota tax on paper and ink before the Supreme Court of the United States. In Minneapolis Star Tribune Co. v. Commissioner, the court found that the tax (which targeted specific newspapers) was a violation of the First Amendment.[8] In 1987 the newspaper's name was simplified to Star Tribune, and the slogan "Newspaper of the Twin Cities" was added.[4]
In 1998 the McClatchy Company purchased Cowles Media Company for $1.4 billion, ending the newspaper's 61-year history in the family in one of the largest sales in American newspaper history. Although McClatchy sold many of Cowles's smaller assets, it kept the Star Tribune for several years. On December 26, 2006 McClatchy sold the paper to private-equity firm Avista Capital Partners for $530 million, less than half of what it had paid for Cowles eight years earlier.[9][10]
In March 2007 Pat Ridder was appointed Star Tribune publisher after his predecessor, J. Keith Moyer, left the newspaper after the sale.[11] Ridder is a member of the Ridder family, which had owned Knight Ridder (publishers of several newspapers, including the rival St. Paul Pioneer Press). Ridder's arrival resulted in litigation when it was discovered that he had stolen a hard drive containing information about employees and advertisers which the Pioneer Press called "trade secrets". Ridder also took two high-ranking staff members with him to the Minneapolis paper, which raised eyebrows since such employees usually have non-compete clauses in their contracts. On September 18, 2007 Ridder was removed from his post by a Ramsey County judge,[12][13][14] and he resigned on December 7.[15]
On January 15, 2009, the paper, the country's 15th-largest daily, filed for bankruptcy under Chapter 11.[16][17][18][19] On September 17 the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York approved a bankruptcy plan for the Star Tribune, which emerged from bankruptcy protection on September 28. The paper’s senior secured lenders received about 95 percent of the post-bankruptcy company.[20]
Wayzata Investment Partners became majority owner of the Star Tribune Company in August 2012, with a 58 percent stake.[21] In 2014, the company was acquired by Glen Taylor. Taylor said that the Star Tribune would be less liberal under his ownership, but the newspaper had already begun a shift and he would focus on accurately reporting both sides of all issues.[22][23] In May 2015, the company acquired alternative weekly City Pages from Voice Media Group.[24]
After the 1987 formation of the Star Tribune, the newspaper was published in three editions: one for Minneapolis and the western suburbs, one for St. Paul and the eastern suburbs and a state edition for Minnesota and the Midwest. The St. Paul edition was discontinued in 1999 in favor of a metro edition for the Minneapolis–Saint Paul area and a state edition for areas beyond the metropolitan area.[25][26]
Although the newspaper competes with the Saint Paul-based Pioneer Press in the Minneapolis-Saint Paul area, the Star Tribune is more popular in the western metropolitan area and the Pioneer Press more popular in the eastern metro area. The newspapers share some printing and delivery operations.[27][28]
The Star Tribune went online in 1995, introducing the StarTribune.com website the following year. In 2011, the website erected a paywall.[4][29]
The Star Tribune has five main sections: main news, local news, sports, business and variety (lifestyle and entertainment). Special weekly sections include Taste (restaurants and cooking), travel, Outdoors Weekend and Science + Health. The Sunday edition has a larger editorial and opinion section, Opinion Exchange. The Wednesday edition includes an extra section focusing on local news and issues, with separate versions for the northern, southern, northwestern and southwestern regions of the newspaper's circulation area.[1]
Journalists with the pre-merger Minneapolis Star and Minneapolis Tribune won three Pulitzer Prizes:
1948: Nat S. Finney (Minneapolis Tribune), National Reporting[30]
1959: William Seaman (Minneapolis Star), Photography[31]
1968: Nathan K. (Nick) Kotz (Des Moines Register and Minneapolis Tribune), National Reporting[32]
Three Star Tribune journalists have won Pulitzers:
1990: Lou Kilzer and Chris Ison, Investigative Reporting[33]
2013: Steve Sack, Editorial Cartooning[34]
2013: Brad Schrade, Jeremy Olson and Glenn Howatt, Local Reporting[35]
Staff and management
Columnists affiliated with the Star Tribune include:
Dan Barreiro – Sportswriter
Nick Coleman – Politics and news reporter
Sid Hartman - Sportswriter
Katherine Kersten - Conservative columnist
Jim Klobuchar – Columnist and father of U.S. Senator Amy Klobuchar
James Lileks – Humorist and local news reporter
Patrick Reusse – Sportswriter
Michael Russo – Sportswriter
Jim Souhan – Sportswriter
Michael J. Klingensmith is publisher and CEO of Star Tribune Media Company, with overall responsibility for its news and business operations. He was hired in 2010.[15] After the Star Tribune's bankruptcy its former ownership group, led by New York City-based Avista Capital Partners, has no stake in the company.[20]
Star Tribune Downtown East headquarters until 2015
After the city's newspapers were consolidated by the Cowles family, their offices were gradually moved to the former the Daily Star headquarters in downtown Minneapolis. The building was renovated in 1939-1940, and expanded in a larger renovation from 1946 to 1949. After 1949, the building housed the offices and presses of the Star and the Tribune. During the 1980s an annex, the Freeman Building, was built across the street from the headquarters and connected with a skyway.[36][37]
In 2014, the company announced that it would relocate from the 95-year-old headquarters building to Capella Tower to make way for development around nearby U.S. Bank Stadium. Demolition of the buildings began in 2014, with the last employees relocating in mid-2015 and the demolition completed later that year.[38][39]
Minneapolis Star Tribune Co. v. Commissioner
1 2 "2016 Display Rate Book" (PDF). Star Tribune.
1 2 3 4 5 Morison, Bradley (1966). Sunlight on Your Doorstep: The Minneapolis Tribune's First Hundred Years. Minneapolis: Ross & Haines Inc.
↑ Nathanson, Iric. "'Newspaper with a soul': The short-lived Minnesota Daily Star launched in 1920". MinnPost.
1 2 3 "Timeline: A look at history of Star Tribune". Minneapolis Star-Tribune.
↑ "Minneapolis Man Gets Houston Post". Lubbock Avalanche-Journal. September 20, 1960. p. 39. Retrieved June 14, 2014.
↑ "The Press: Let History Try". Time. August 29, 1960. Retrieved October 10, 2011.
1 2 Royce, Gradon (19 March 2012). "Publisher John Cowles Jr., who shaped the Twin Cities for 50 years, dies". Minneapolis Star Tribune.
↑ "Minneapolis Star & Tribune Company v. Minnesota Commissioner of Revenue". Oyez.
↑ "McClatchy in $1.4 Billion Cowles Deal". The New York Times. 14 November 1997.
↑ Ellison, Sarah (December 26, 2006). "McClatchy's Minneapolis Sale Aids Web Efforts". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved June 14, 2014.
↑ McKinney, Matt (March 5, 2007). "Par Ridder named Star Tribune CEO, publisher". Star Tribune. Retrieved June 4, 2008.
↑ Stawicki, Elizabeth (September 18, 2007). "Judge critical of Par Ridder's conduct in ruling". Minnesota Public Radio. Retrieved June 14, 2014.
↑ Welbes, John (February 1, 2008). "Star Tribune to put headquarters, other land up for sale". Pioneer Press. Retrieved February 1, 2008.
↑ Orrick, Natasha R. (February 1, 2008). "Star Tribune trying to sell headquarters". Minneapolis / St. Paul Business Journal. American City Business Journals. Retrieved February 1, 2008.
1 2 "Star Tribune names Klingensmith as new publisher". Minneapolis / St. Paul Business Journal. American City Business Journals. January 7, 2010. Retrieved June 14, 2014.
↑ Schmickle, Sharon (January 15, 2009). "Star Tribune files for bankruptcy and lists unsecured creditors". MinnPost. Retrieved June 14, 2014.
↑ Kary, Tiffany (January 16, 2009). "Star Tribune Files for Bankruptcy After Ads Decline". Bloomberg News. Retrieved June 14, 2014.
↑ Fitzgerald, Mark (January 16, 2009). "Economist: Avista Has Only Itself To Blame In 'Strib' Bankruptcy". Editor & Publisher. Retrieved June 14, 2014.
↑ Pérez-Peña, Richard (January 6, 2009). "Bankruptcy for another U.S. paper". International Herald Tribune. Retrieved June 14, 2014.
1 2 Newmarker, Chris (September 17, 2009). "Star Tribune to emerge from bankruptcy, no new publisher named". Milwaukee Business Journal. American City Business Journals. Retrieved June 14, 2014.
↑ Phelps, David (August 12, 2012). "Star Tribune gains a majority owner". Star Tribune. Retrieved June 14, 2014.
↑ Bjorhus, Jennifer (April 2, 2014). "Wolves owner Glen Taylor makes cash offer to buy Star Tribune". Star Tribune. Retrieved June 14, 2014.
↑ Robson, Britt (April 16, 2015). "New owner Glen Taylor: less liberal Star Tribune ahead". MinnPost. Retrieved March 7, 2015.
↑ Yuen, Laura (2015-05-06). "Star Tribune says it will buy City Pages". Minnesota Public Radio News. Retrieved 2015-05-16.
↑ McGuire, Tim (12 December 1999). "Newspaper aims to serve the entire metro area, not pieces of it". Minneapolis Star Tribune.
↑ Desky, Mark (July 27, 1987). "Twin Cities Paper Changes Name, Distribution". AdWeek: 43.
↑ Brauer, David. "Mapping the newspaper war, 25 years after the Star Tribune invaded Pioneer Press turf". MinnPost.
↑ Collins, Bob. "Combining delivery, PiPress and Strib get cozier". Minnesota Public Radio.
↑ Brauer, David. "Strib metered pay wall: Web traffic down 10-15 percent, revenue up". MinnPost.
↑ "1948 Winners". The Pulitzer Prizes.
↑ "1990 Winners and Finalists". The Pulitzer Prizes.
↑ "The 2013 Pulitzer Prize Winners: Editorial Cartooning". The Pulitzer Prizes.
↑ "The 2013 Pulitzer Prize Winners: Local Reporting". The Pulitzer Prizes.
↑ "A Eulogy: The Minneapolis Star-Tribune Building". Hennepin County Library Special Collections Tumblr.
↑ Lileks, James (21 March 2015). "Streetscapes: Star Tribune is last of Minneapolis newspaper buildings". Minneapolis Star-Tribune.
↑ Moore, Janet (13 May 2014). "Star Tribune to move headquarters to Capella Tower in 2015". Minneapolis Star-Tribune.
↑ "Star Tribune staff says goodbye to old building". MPR News.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Star Tribune.
Vita.mn, the Star Tribune entertainment website
A collection of survey data and statistics used to produce the Metro Poll and the Minnesota Poll for the Minneapolis Star and Tribune Company is available for research use at the Minnesota Historical Society.
Nieman Journalism Lab. "Minneapolis Star Tribune". Encyclo: an encyclopedia of the future of news. Retrieved 1 April 2012.
Newspapers of Minnesota
Major daily
Duluth News Tribune
Minnesota Daily
MinnPost
Pioneer Press
Post-Bulletin
St. Cloud Times
The Catholic Spirit
Austin Daily Herald
Pine City Pioneer
Owatonna People's Press
Red Wing Republican Eagle
Southwest Journal
West Central Tribune
Western Guard
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HomeAboutAdetunji Adegbesan
Adetunji Adegbesan
Dr Adetunji Adegbesan is the Founder & CEO of Gidi Mobile, creators of gidimo, the leading personal mastery & learning-for-livelihoods platform (www.gidimo.com).
Tunji has a First Class Honours degree in Electronic Engineering, and a PhD in Strategic Management from the IESE Business School. He is globally respected as one of Africa’s top scholars of competitive strategy, as well as one of her leading experts on the mobile telecommunications industry. A recipient of multiple awards, he has been invited to speak at knowledge events in more than 20 countries across four continents.
Prior to founding Gidi Mobile, he was Director of the Centre for Competitiveness & Strategy at the Lagos Business School (LBS), where he was responsible for all the School’s teaching in the areas of Competitive Strategy & Innovation. During his 14 years at LBS, his consulting experience spanned the software, telecommunications, banking, oil and gas, identity management and electronic payments sectors; while prior to LBS, his work experience spanned software development, consulting, information systems management, and electrical engineering, in both manufacturing and service sectors.
Tunji is a startup mentor for the Google for Startups Accelerator, as well as for the Founder Institute. He is a member of the Editorial Advisory Board of Businessday Newspapers, a member of the Advisory Board of the Women’s Technology Empowerment Centre, and a peer reviewer for several of the world’s top strategy research journals.
He is a past member of the Editorial Review Board of the Academy of Management Review, (the world’s leading conceptual journal in the field of strategic management), and of the Executive Committee of the Strategy Division of the global Academy of Management, as well as a past Global Representative for Africa of the Division. He has been a Representative-at-Large for the Competitive Strategy Interest Group of the Strategic Management Society, and a member of the Research and Strategic Planning Committee of the Chartered Institute of Bankers of Nigeria. He is also a former Visiting Scholar & Associate Researcher at the Center for Globalisation and Strategy at the IESE Business School in Barcelona.
An amateur historian, philosopher, and student of culture and geo-politics, Tunji has native fluency in English and Spanish, and basic literacy in French, Yoruba and Catalan.
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GCI “Day on the Mountain” Raises 1,336 Pounds of Food, Sets Multiple Records at Eaglecrest Ski Area
Anchorage, Alaska – GCI successfully held its first “Day on the Mountain” at Juneau’s Eaglecrest Ski Area on Feb. 22, 2014, resulting in the donation of 1,336 pounds of canned food for the Southeast Alaska Food Bank in Juneau, as well as record-breaking attendance.
GCI’s “Day on the Mountain” celebrated the recent construction of a cell phone tower at Eaglecrest Ski Area, bringing GCI customers 4G LTE service at the Southeast’s winter recreation hotspot. Courtesy of GCI, visitors who brought one canned food item were provided with a free one-day lift ticket for the ski area, and season pass holders who donated a can of food received a voucher to Eaglecrest Grill.
“GCI understands the added safety benefits and convenience that wireless service has for those who enjoy Eaglecrest Ski Area. This tower is the final piece of GCI’s network upgrade that provides 4G LTE speeds to our customers in Juneau, and we are pleased to provide them with this extended service,” said GCI Senior Vice President and General Manager of Consumer Services Paul Landes.
In addition to food donated during the event, a record-breaking number of ticket holders were in attendance. According to General Manager Matt Lillard, Eaglecrest Ski Area distributed 420 free tickets, which contributed to the total 555 ticket holders on the mountain that day, breaking the previous record by approximately 100 people.
“This event was a success all around, especially for my team who helped out that day. We are very thankful to the Juneau community for coming to show their support and GCI for making it all possible,” said Lillard.
Other records that were broken at Eaglecrest Ski Area during GCI’s “Day on the Mountain” include the total amount of ski and snowboard rentals, as well as the number of cars parked in the lot. Additionally, the food service department set a new record for revenue in a regular ski day, including the value of the vouchers that were distributed by GCI.
GCI is the top provider of voice, data and video services in Alaska, through which consumers can experience entertainment everywhere. GCI is also the leading provider of communications services to enterprise customers, particularly large enterprise customers with complex data networking needs. The Alaska-based company is dedicated to providing the best in communication services, including the state’s largest wireless network, high-speed broadband, digital cable television and local telephone services. The company offers more than 1,200 TurboZone locations statewide to provide customers with more high-speed wireless capabilities. The Alaska-based company continuously supports community efforts, contributing to nonprofit organizations across the state. More information about GCI can be found at www.gci.com/about.
Warren Russell, GCI
wjrussell@gci.com
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Tag Archives: Mike Schreiner
Let the finger pointing begin
We elected two men to represent our interests. Sitting in the Ontario Legislature is Mike Schreiner, leader of the Green Party. With only himself in the Legislature, his party is not an official party under the rule of the Legislature.
The other is Liberal MP Lloyd Longfield, a backbencher in the Trudeau government who is facing re-election this October.
Now, as I understand it, last time the election of the Progressive Conservatives in Ontario June 7, split the cozy relationship between the Ottawa Liberals, led by Prime Minister Justin Trudeau and the Queen’s Park Liberal government of former Premier Kathleen Wynne.
With recent events involving the SNC Lavalin affair, is this a good time to be a Liberal?
MPP Mike Schreiner, after spending $119,000 to get elected, has metaphorically become the Maytag, repairman in the Legislature after accepting his huge victory in Guelph. Now that he’s there he has no power, no support in the Legislature and no influence.
In the lyrics of the Irish Rovers: “Wasn’t that a party?”
But Schreiner is there for four years and Guelph voters, by a wide margin, put him there.
Along comes Mr. Longfield who blames the provincial government for “not being open for business.”
That’s rich coming from a federal MP who sat in the House of Commons for almost four years saying nary a word condemning the Liberal government of Premier Wynne for not keeping Ontario open for business.
What’s that expression? If you want to win an election start a fight.
That nervous rattle you hear among the Trudeau Liberals is the dessention of voters over many areas of Liberal power. Starting with The SNC Lavalin fiasco that has cost the party it’s Attorney General and Justice Minister and the Minister of Health.
As this is being written before the third cabinet shuffle in two months, what does it tell you about the internal management and stability of theTrudeau government?
The genesis of political finger pointing
Last year, the federal government signed a bilateral agreement with the province to distribute $10.4 billion of federal funds to Ontario municipalities.
To try and understand this, our city has one of the municipalities selelcted to receive funding for a number, including the new $63 million South End recreation Centre.
Mr. Longfield is said to be asking Mayor Cam Guthrie to pressure the provincial government to release the funds.
It is obvious that the city has been working diligently to move its projects forward.
Enter stage left: Guelph MPP Mike Schreiner who would be the logical contact to get things moving on the provincial level. Instead, Longfield wants the Mayor to act without mentioning the Green Party leader who represents Guelph.
What does Longfield know that we don’t?
The bilateral agreement included splitting the Federal money into four areas: Northern and rural; public transit; green initiatives and community; culture and recreational projects.
It comes to mind the Federal money that was spent by the Harper government in Cabinet member Tony Clements’s Muscoka riding to spruce up the community for a visit by members of the G-20 meeting in Toronto. We all remember how that turned out.
Perhaps the Mayor should contact Mike Schreiner to help jump-start this funding.
The only problem, will the Tories listen to Schreiner?
Tagged as Ford goverbment, Lloyd Longfield, Mike Schreiner
How do we get off the Bike Bandwagon?
The other night council received its first blush of the $87.37 million capital spending budget. Here’s where it will be spent providing that council and lobby groups don’t add to the total. That’s what usually happens during the budget process every year.
It is an unnatural opportunity for councillors to impress and placate their constituents. It is far too tempting with the power to spend the public’s money on projects to patronize the various special interest groups and individuals.
For starters, here’s the list of Capital spending projects produced by the staff:
$3.325 million for contaminated site-related projects.
$8.361 million for corporate projects, including planning studies, vehicles and equipment and facility renewal and expansion. This figures includes planning and strategic initiatives of Baker District and the beginning of the city’s Official Plan review.
$4.96 million for emergency services. The majority being directed at the expansion of paramedic services.
$7.916 million for open spaces, recreation, culture and library. This includes renewal of equipment and facilities and additional funds to progress the South End Community Centre project.
$3.107 million for solid waste. Includes planning and construction for a public drop-off scale.
$4.683 million for stormwater management. Including repair, renewal and replacement of assets.
$14.502 million for transportation services. Including bridges, culverts, roads and parking.
$13.104 million for wastewater services.
$27.445 million for water services. Includes water testing and studies at two new wells potentially to be used for city expansion.
More than 63 per cent of this proposed $55.051 million capital budget is being spent on three vital services all involving potable water, treating wastewater and building wells.
I’d be the last guy to complain about spending money on our vital use of clean water and developing new supplies to meet the needs of a growing population. With the 2016 census, Guelph has grown to 131,000 residents. Recent increase in newcomers is in the 10,000 per person range that the 2016 census reported for Guelph.
That means that by 2021 Guelph’s population will be 142,000 if the rate of growth remains the same as the previous census period.
I agree with the staff recommendation, water is the top priority.
That total water spending proposal does not include $4.683 million for storm water management that is in the capital budget. But property owners are already paying a special levy of one per cent for storwater maintenance. It used to be part of the operating budget but was transferred to the citizens for payment, monthly, through their Hydro bill.
Let’s talk about demands by the Guelph Coalition for Active Transportation. Translation: The tiny minority of cyclists who feel it is their right to travel the streets and be protected from those dirty, stinky and loud vehicles. They take it upon themselves to chiefly be responsible to support climate change by banning the use of fossil fuels.
But here’s the rub
Operators of motor vehicles pay taxes, licences and user fees to use the roads. In fact the City of Guelph, receives a gas tax rebated from the senior governments of more than $5 million annually. It’s rebated to the city not the people who previously paid for it at the pump. This results in the very people using fossil fueled vehicles end up subsidizing more bike lanes.
How much do the active transporters pay? They are not licensed, pay no taxes, are not insured, no mandatory bike inspection, no tests for ability to safely use the streets and know the rules of the Highway Traffic Act.
And yet, one Yvette Tendick, speaking for the Coalition, laid out their demands to be included in the 2019 Capital Budget.
The Guelph Mercury published the following profile of Yvette Tendick who joined the community editorial board in 2015.
Yvette Tendick is a primary school teacher with a bachelor of environmental studies degree. She has always had a strong interest in environmental issues. Over the years, her environmental focus has morphed from sustainability of natural ecosystems to sustainability and resilience of cities.
She is interested in the steps citizens might undertake to reduce our dependency on fossil fuels while simultaneously increasing our quality of life. She believes one way to achieve this lofty goal is through active transportation, which she engages in during her commute to work by bike or on foot.
She also has a keen interest in getting the next generation physically active, and is rather certain that city design and infrastructure are crucial to nudging all of our citizens to get moving.
Getting to the root of the deal
Now here is what she is proposing city council to do to improve cycling, aka active transportation.
January 16, she told council that the city should clear up some of the trees and roots. These are putting pressure on the existing retaining wall along what will one day become a multi-use trail at Speedvale, including a proposed underpass.
“So before even considering tearing down this retaining wall in a few years, a quick fix of removing the trees ASAP seems to be the first logical step in increasing the longevity of the current wall.”
“Separated bike lanes are needed on Gordon from Kortright all the way to Wellington, and also on Woolwich from Woodlawn all the way to downtown,” she said.
Well, that’s a tall order.
I think after reading this report, she is asking the council to add $30,000 to the capital budget for her short term plan A to make it easier for cyclists to use the trail to downtown. Trouble is the location of this on Speedvale, some eight kilometers long, is not identified in the article. Which retaining wall? Which trees and roots? Where on Speedvale?
This is a game of assumptions that leave the rest of the citizens out of the loop.
City council, since 2007, has spent millions on developing bike lanes, reducing vehicle lanes on major routes to accommodate them.
Ms. Tendick’s profile is clear but misguided. Does she really believe that the so-called active transportation theory will work and vehicles using fossil fuels will disappear in her lifetime?
How many citizens depend on bicycles 12 months of the year?
It’s a known fact that the city has zero documentation of the number of residents using bicycles on Guelph streets and roads 12 months of the year.
The groups of environmental activists, who ride bicycles, resemble a cult bonded by the belief that they can change the way we transport ourselves while at the same time clean up the atmosphere.
I think of Kevin Costner in the movie, A Field of Dreams, in which the punch line is ‘if we build it, they will come.’
This group is the whiniest, pushy and provocateurs of social engineering for which we have already paid to placate their cause.
It is if they want to roll back society more than 150 years or, as my wife is fond of saying ‘I loved the good old days.’ Neither of us has ridden a bicycle since we were 16.
We are not alone.
How can the proponents of active bicycle transportation be so narrowly focused on the environment when most citizens cannot and never will use bicycles to get out and about?
Think of riding a bicycle to perform simple tasks such as getting groceries and needed drugs, or going to the hospital or doctor’s offices, going to the library, visiting family and friends, going to the cottage or vacation, getting to places of worship, volunteering and going to the park, theatre or your granddaughter’s recital.
Especially when it’s raining, snowing or just damned cold. It’s not a time for the Mary Poppins trick of flying under her umbrella.
Stop and think of children, seniors, the disabled, and all those outside the active transportation groups’ demographic of ages 18 to 40.
I think the expense of expanding or spending more money accommodating the cyclist group should be frozen. That is until we get the handle on our basic infrastructure needs and financial shortfall of some $450 million increasing at a rate of $20 million a year.
Has anyone calculated how much fossil fuel as been reduced as a result of building this network of bicycle lanes in the past 18 years?
We would rather be able to flush our toilet and enjoy a glass of water from the tap than paying for more bike lanes.
Are the demands of the minority greater than repairing the infrastructure of our city that serves everyone? Transportation technology is moving ahead at warp speed. Bicycles are not part of the transition.
It’s time for council to get off the Bike Bandwagon.
Tagged as David Suzuki, Mayor Cam Guthrie, Mike Salibury, Mike Schreiner
It only cost Mike Schreiner $119,864 to buy a seat in the Ontario Legislature
Taking a look at the numbers of the recent provincial election submitted by Green Party Leader, Michael Schreiner, as reported to Elections Ontario.
All it took was a tsunami of cash for Mr. Schreiner to trample all of the other candidates in last June’s provincial election, using a boatload of money. According to Elections Ontario, the Schreiner campaign reported receiving income of $152,677.71
As reported in Guelph Today, Schreiner spent $119,864.14 to win the Guelph seat in the Ontario Legislature. He was the only Green Party candidate elected as a member to Queen’s Park. It is reported that the Green Party received some 285,000 votes across the province. It appears that Mr. Schreiner’s vote of some 29,000 in Guelph is ten per cent of the total Green Party vote cast in the province. That is impressive.
One cannot suggest that this was a stunning victory for the Greens. All he needs now are seven more Green Party candidates to attain the status of an official party in the Legislature to be recognized by the Speaker. Recently, he was quoted that he had developed friendships with an undisclosed number of PC members suggesting they may switch parties.
You have to ask the question: “ What’s in it for them?”
The Guelph Today report investigating the election finance’s story discovered that Premier Doug Ford spent $66,889.01 to get elected in the Lakeshore riding. His Progressive Conservative Party received more than 2.2 million votes, electing 73 members to the Legislature to form the government for four years.
Schreiner also spent more that Opposition Leader, Andrea Horwath, who reported spending $101,485.04 to retain her Hamilton seat and the NDP elected 40 members to the Legislature.
So, is there something wrong with this picture?
Let’s drill down into Mike Schreiner’s official financial report regarding his election submitted to Elections Ontario last September.
The Schreiner Reported Assets
His total campaign assets are $72,404.88. This is composed of cash, ($38,649.91), campaign reimbursement entitlement from 2014 civic election ($24,633.74), Accounts receivable ($1,739.90), inventory of campaign materials ($7,389.33)
Liabilities and Surplus
Accounts payable ($7,568.34), Surplus ($64,836.54 deficit). That balances with the Assets of $72,404.88.
Now here comes the interesting part under the title:
Statement of Income and Expenses from May 9 2018 to September 7, 2018
Contributions $58,090.43
Interest income $12.45
General Contributions at meetings $10.00
Transfers received $93,629.73
Sale of T-shirts $935.00
Total Income $152,677.61
A peek at expenses
The summary of expenses includes spending $22,034.26 on salaries and benefits. Who were these paod staffers and what did they do? That’s slightly less than the total cost of the P.C. campagn supported by 14,000 votes.
Was this a case of Fort Knox against the madding crowd outside the moat, or an episode in the Game of Thrones?
Following the money, two figures catch my eye
First, the $58,090.41 in contributions does not name the contributors or the division between those donating more than $1,200 compared to those donating less. There is a specific rule about donations and contributions because some contributors do not want to be identified, but did all of them not want to be identified?
Did the campaign receive any ‘in kind’ contributions?’ This means supplying services instead of cash. Hypothetical examples could be supplying services such as courier, transporting personnel or being offered rooms or halls for for campaign meetings.
Second, the $93,629 listed as ‘Transfers Received,’ needs clarification in terms of large-scale funds transferred from where and from whom? It should be explained if for no other reason, than, to be transparent and open.
These are serious questions about financial statements such as Mr. Schreiner’s alleged association with Tides Canada. This is an environmental political action organization that has helped finance Green Party candidates in their bid to be elected to Canadian provincial governments, such as British Columbia. A province in which Tides Canada helped elect three Green Party members to the B.C. legislature.
When the grass grows, get out the lawn mower
The B.C. Green Party members hold the balance of power that supports the NDP ruling party. This has had a serious impact on the efforts of the environmental movement to halt reconstruction of the Trans-Mountain pipeline owned by the people of Canada. The renovation of the existing pipeline is to open the door to the Pacific markets for Canadian oil and natural gas.
Despite this, the environmentalists have successfully stalled the T-M construction paralyzing the process for one reason only: To halt production and export of Canadian fossil fuels to global markets.
Tides Canada is a subsidiary of Tides America that has a war chest of some $150 million to support a variety of environmental projects and sponsor political action.
Do you believe that funding of political parties and their candidates should be open and transparent? Mr. Schreiner spending $119,864 to get elected in Guelph completely smothered the financial spending of all the other candidates combined.
In my opinion, based on Mr. Schreiner’s election financial report, corporations or environmental political action committees may have helped finance the Schreiner campaign. What happens in B.C. has little relevance to the city or citizens of Guelph who are now represented by Mr. Schreiner.
But it did, as the Green party finally got a seat for the first time in the Ontario Legislative Assembly. It remains to be seen if Mr. Schreiner’s new role as a Guelph’s MPP will be beneficial to the 29,000 people who elected him.
Frankly, as a citizen, I believe Mr. Schreiner will be too busy beating his own drum to be an effective representative for Guelph.
Want proof? In all the years I worked at the Toronto Star, I never witnessed a lead editorial promoting an individual candidate as the paper did before the election. It endorsed Mike Schreiner, stating the electors in Guelph could make history electing him. And it did, with possibly a little help from his friends from far away.
Tagged as Elections Ontario, Mike Schreiner, Premier Doug Ford, The Green Party of Canada
Gelph’s Green MPP ignites the fears of Climate Change at Carden Street rally
Will that be regular or high test?
An estimated 250 people turned up at a Climate Change rally on Carden Street last Saturday. They heard the one and only MPP Mike Schreiner, proclaimed Ontario leader of the one-man Green Party in the Ontario Legislature, press the “right” environmentalist buttons to the assembled crowd.
Or was that the “left button?”
Here’s a trip down memory lane.
I remember the comment by former councillor Maggie Laidlaw 10 years ago and I’m paraphrasing: “In 20 years there won’t be any cars on Guelph streets.”
Well, Maggie, ten years later there are more cars, trucks and buses on our streets than ever, creating traffic congestion and lack of downtown core parking. Even the number of gas stations has been reduced.
Since the Maggie opinion, some 12,000 new residents have chosen Guelph as their home. In 10 years the city staff has increased by 650. Go figure.
At the time, Maggie was an ardent proponent of commuting to work, rain or shine, on her bicycle. She advocated that the bicycle was the precursor of active transportation in Guelph making some of us with well-muscled calves and thighs.
City council went along with this theory and in 2007 started spending millions on bike lanes, particularly on major streets. In 2009 alone more than $2 million was spent putting bike lanes on Stone Road. Each year since, the city has spent $300,000 developing bike lanes.
That project, along with a new time clock in the Sleeman Centre, was financed by a special infrastructure grant divided between the federal and provincial governments and the city. The city’s share was $26 million but it did not have the money. So, it called a note for $30 million owed by Guelph Hydro. Details of spending the money were never really disclosed. It is known that there was little left of the cash infusion.
To bolster their decision to reduce vehicle emissions, council agreed to repave a number of major roads with four lanes for vehicles, and remarking the finished product with two lanes disappearing, wider bike lanes and a left turn centre lane.
Are you starting to see the source of traffic congestion and inadequate parking? Truth to tell is that money went into environmental projects that were poorly planned and executed. The city now called it the District Energy plan that included supplying hot and cold water to five buildings adjacent to the Sleeman Centre using experimental thermal underground technology.
Guelph’s expensive war on vehicles
Bike lanes, solar panels on public buildings, street lane squeezing and plans to build large scale natural gas generating plants to make the city self sufficient in terms of electricity, contributed to millions being misspent. Inspired by former mayor, Karen Farbridge, the spending under under the Community Energy Innovation cost the city millions.
The trouble with these “climate change” developments was a lack of statistical information about the use of the bike lanes. Even more important was that many of these arbitrary changes resulted in a marked bike lane starting at one point and ending before the end of the street. Examples are Stevenson, Silver Creek, Downey and Woolwich.
Today, the city still has a $400 million under-funded infrastructure deficit that is being handled through a property tax levy of one per cent or $4.4 million each year. In the 2018 budget, half of that is coming from reserve funds and the remainder from property taxpayers.
At that rate, it will take 99.9 years to clear the deficit. But that’s not inflation adjusted or available reserves for catastrophic weather events.
If the University of Guelph just paid its share of property taxes based on that paid by property owners in the city, that is adjusted annually, that money would help restore fairness and make our city stronger financially and more livable.
Linamar, employing some 6,000 workers, pays its share of property taxes. Why is making auto parts any different than graduating students? Guelph residents subsidize the University but not Linamar.
The active transportation crowd or cyclists use city streets at no cost. Many do not pay taxes, and their numbers are unknown by city staff. There was one staff report of a count of traffic on Downey Road of cyclists and vehicles. It was an independent study that revealed in an eight-hour period there were some 900 cyclists using Downey Road and 4,700 vehicles.
The tail is wagging the dog
If this is any indication that the tail is wagging the dog, I don’t know what is.
Climate Change is caused by many factors as fossil fuel use is slowly diminishing. The carbon dioxide emissions of the 400 active volcanoes in the world plus excessive destruction of forested lands, heavy use of coal in many countries including India and China are major contributors of climate change.
Of course the growing world population and growth of the middle class in under-developed countries, places enormous pressure to generate power now leading into a new era of more responsible use of power generation sources.
Finally, the earth is going through a natural change over which we have no control.
Instead we should be concerned about how our city, our province and our country are being managed.
We have just experienced a major change in the provincial government. Next month we have the opportunity to elect a responsible civic government in Guelph. Next year we will elect a new government in Ottawa.
These are opportunities to express your desire by more democratic representation.
It’s now our turn to change.
Tagged as Climate Change. The Green Party, Maupr Cam Guthrie, Mike Schreiner, The Ontario NDP
Welcome the new Green Guelph province with one Party, one member and no voice
Guelph – Those 29,000 voters, who just elected Mike Schreiner as their member of the Provincial Legislature, have awkwardly created their exclusive Don Quixote attacking the Blue windmills of populism.
We’re Green and not has-beens.
Guelph has become the orphan of provincial politics by electing the Green Part leader with no comrades in the Legislature to support its Green agenda. When you think about it, the Toronto Star got its way and a majority of Guelph voters believed they were making history.
Star columnists Heather Mallick and Robin Sears did their best to convict Premier-elect Doug Ford because of a seventh inning lawsuit for alleged fraudulent handling of Rob Ford’s estate. Renata Ford’s, widow of Rob Ford filed the $16.5 million lawsuit five days before the election.
Before any evidence to support the lawsuit was presented in court, Heather Mallick convicted Doug Ford basically because she didn’t like him. Well, the huge majority of voter in the province didn’t agree. He won so let’s move on.
“Stop Doug Ford” rang throughout the province advocated by Liberal leader Kathleen Wynne, who threw in the towel before the election campaign ended June 7.
However a $1.4 billion miscalculation in costing the NDP program that included more spending than the Liberals, helped doom the so-called Orange Surge of the party in the polls.
That was some prediction that most polls missed by a country mile except the one run by Global news. Two weeks before the election it predicted 70 seats for the PC’s, 49 for the NDP, four for the Liberals and one for the Green Party.
How close was it? PC 76, NDP 40, Liberals 7 and the Greek Machine, one.
By one estimate, in winning the Guelph seat, Mr. Schreiner spent more than all the other candidates combined. When Elections Ontario releases the official financial statements, we will know at how much it cost and who sponsored the Green Party victory.
In other words, it will be an interesting exercise to follow the money.
It won’t take The Green Party leader’s supporters long following his swearing in, to discover he has little to say stuck in the corner of the Legislature along with the seven Liberals. Maybe he’ll pick up some pointers from the seven deposed Liberals. Neither Schreiner nor the Liberals have official party status.
When you are a party of one, you are not recognized as an official party. This means there is no allowance for staff research or other perks of the job.
As I have repeatedly pointed out, those folks who voted for Mr. Schreiner threw away the opportunity for real change. Mr. Schreiner ran a powerful and well -financed campaign focused on him and a middle of the road program if elected.
What’s alarming to me is that a majority of people fell for it. It’s not just a dearth of critical thinking that the Ontario Legislature requires a party to have a majority of seats to form a government. The Green party was not even close.
I am reminded of the old argument raised by the NDP, protesting the system of determining a winner, contesting any seat is to be “first past the post.” This means the candidate with the most votes’ wins. That certainly worked for Mr. Schreiner.
But the nagging bellowing of changing the system of voting in Ontario to adopting “proportional voting” in which a voter must grade their first, second and third choice when completing their ballot. Points give each of those choices in order of the number of votes, and are accounted in the final tally.
The Trudeau Liberals election promised electoral reform when they won 183 seats in the House of Commons three years ago.
But the proposal died when clearer heads prevailed.
Besides, if progressive activist Susan Watson supports proportional voting, I have to stop and think. It just echoes NDP policy because the party has never won an Ontario election since Bob Rae defeated the David Peterson government eons ago.
British Columbia uses a proportional voting system. The result is the NDP minority government being propped up by three members of the Green Party. The NDP’s sole interest at the moment is to stop reconstruction of the Kinder Morgan Trans Mountain pipeline.
Unfortunately, Mr. Schreiner will not enjoy that position at Queens Park.
Yes, Guelph voters spoke volumes about how they believe the province should be run.
But all they have accomplished is to create a Sanctuary City where Green progressive are welcome to dip their beaks in the public treasury.
The outcome of the election decided otherwise and Guelph is an island floating in a sea of Blue representing “green” policies rejected by the vast majority of electors in the province.
Indeed, we are stuck in the middle of the Province with only one member representing our interests in the Legislature. He is a man who has no support of Green Party members in the Legislature, no recognition as an official party, and with minimal influence on the Ford government to serve those voters who elected him.
I sure don’t like those odds.
Welcome to the Green province of Guelph.
Tagged as Doug Ford, Elections Ontario, Mike Schreiner
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Career women – success stories… Makhosazana Bambisa
Celebrating successful women for all their hard work and effort creates a pathway and steppingstone for aspiring women who seek guidance, motivation, and inspiration.
Gauteng Women in Insurance (GWII) recently chatted to Makhosazana Bambisa - CFO at Stangen (King Price Insurance) about her journey and career in the financial services industry, what Stangen offers and her advice for other women in the industry.
A Q&A session
Tell us a little about yourself and your career in insurance. Maybe a bit of a background on where you were born, where you grew up, your academic background… leading to your entry into the industry.
I was born in Springs.. I matriculated in 2002 at Springs Girls High School. The year 2003 was quite an interesting year for me. I got a sponsorship from Mondi a manufacturing company, which is quite big in Springs. They sponsored me to go study at a university called City Campus. I was there for a year, but after a year, I realised it was not where I wanted to be.
I wanted to be a chartered accountant (CA), so I decided to go back to a formal university. So, I joined the University of the Witwatersrand (Wits). I was at Wits from 2004 to 2007, got my Bachelor of Accountancy, then joined Deloitte from 2008 to 2010 in their financial institution division, which cemented my passion for in financial services.
When I left Deloitte, I had to serve at Mondi, it was fun working on projects but the manufacturing sector was just not for me, so when the opportunity came to join ABSA I grabbed it, but for a year, then got called to Liberty and was there for 4 years. After, I worked at Hollard Life as a CFO till this year, in March.
So, that was my entrance into the insurance industry. It started there, and I have been in the insurance industry for over eight years.
In my personal space I am a wife and mother of two girls, who motivate me. That’s my intro!
Tell us something about yourself which not a lot of people know about…
I’m quite a private person. Not a lot of people know this, but I am quite active in mentoring the kids at our church and I previously used to tutor maths and accounting in KwaThema, because I’m passionate about youth upliftment. I also preach at church and youth services. I believe one must do their bit to instil hope in the youth of today. Make them believe in a better day.
What motto do you live by?
Life is a journey, not a destination. That has been the one thing that has carried me. Things are not black and white. If the path you are on does not work out, choose a different path. If you need to change the course of life, do so, success does not stop at one destination, it’s a journey on many different paths.
Name one defining moment in your career or personal life which changed the world for you and why? Perhaps a brief success story.
It was when I started my accountancy articles. I’ve always been a performer and I was tasked with looking out for an audit file from junior and senior staff. Upon deadline, I started asking for submissions and no one was responding to me. Being young and naïve, I submitted only what was relevant to me… in other words, my work. To my detriment, this got me rated down. I was told it was my responsibility to complete the file, and it was. So it taught me that you are only successful if the rest of the team succeeds. It also taught me how to work with people better.
What are your plans for the future?
In my career I have always studied. I love studying and still want to do my PHD. Growing up, you look at women rising up in the corporate world and they become executives, then they just disappear. It makes me curious, and I have done interviews about it. Many have said when you get to that point in life there is so much responsibility in terms of work and personal life, therefore, they take non-executive jobs. So, I would like to do a study on that. How can corporates balance this act and how can corporates make it better for women to succeed, while maintaining their personal life balance so that we do not loose the women who have worked so hard.
I also aspire to be an executive at a large organisation and have other females see a representation, so they can believe also that it can be done. Actually, it’s fitting that we growing at such a rapid rate, it means that the my dream is not too far from becoming a reality.
What are your plans as the current CFO at Stangen (King Price)?
One of the things that I am enjoying in my current role is the fact that it is so entrepreneurial. My plan is on how to integrate finance into the bigger company. Finance is always seen as a standalone reporting unit with people sitting on a separate floor, missing out on the action where the business is. But I have started introducing people and teams into the normal operations, so that they are integrated as a team.
Finance should be seen as value adding, and not just a reporting line.
What advice do you have for other women in the industry?
Our industry is small. Everyone knows everyone, so get involved. Join associations and networks. Our networks speak for us. Be involved in these types of spaces and become actively involved. You can learn a lot. Put your hand up and volunteer to do things. Women should speak up, and not be scared to take on hard tasks. You would be surprised at how many people are willing to teach if you are willing to learn. Get a sponsor or a mentor… it will expose you to a wider network! Approach people and take the learnings as they are. It is a point to grow and find those gaps for you to grow in the industry.
If you could change anything in the industry to uplift women, what would it be and why?
It is representation. We need more females in senior positions. Its easy to desire for more if a similar person to you already doing the job, it makes it possible, that you or me can do it too.
What is good corporate culture?
It’s bringing yourself to the office… YOU! You cannot change who you are. If the culture allows that, you can express yourself. Women wear multiple hats… we need to be comfortable to demonstrate that in our workspace.
Gender diversity and equality… why are we stuck and not moving?
There are a lot of hidden factors that are making it difficult. Women are the ones who still compromise. Society limits women to grow. I think it’s a wider than corporate task. Society needs to transform and be set up in order to promote both men and women being equal. Let’s normalise stay at home dads as much as we normalise stay at home moms.
Lastly, in your opinion, what do you wish women could do?
Feel free to actually talk about their success. We don’t like talking about our success. We contribute a lot to the insurance industry. We should be recognised for it.
Makhosazana Bambisa
Stangen (King Price Insurance)
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$42,000 - $46,000 / WEEK
Captain - Marc Fourie
Marc hails from the coastal city of Durban, South Africa, and has been involved in water sport from a young age. Marc is an avid surfer, swimmer and wake boarder. He is also a qualified USA Red Cross Life Saver and an Advanced Open Water PADI scuba diver.
Marc is well traveled and has been to numerous beautiful locations such as Thailand, Mauritius, The Mediterranean, USA West and East Coasts and Africa.
Chef - Ramon Minguez Gavin
Ramon hails from Zaragoza Spain and is 28 years old. He started his culinary degree in Benasque, Spain for 3 years and completed another 2 years in Tenerife, Canary Islands. At the age of 22 he won the Canary Islands Young Chef Championship and was placed 5th in the Spain young Chef Championship. Ramon has worked in restaurants such as �Toni Vicente�, a Michelin Star restaurant in the north of Spain, and the award winning tapas restaurant �Barrafina� in London.
Ramon is a very accommodating chef and will do everything he can to make your culinary experience onboard Kaleen one to remember.
Nadia Ghali - Chief Stewardess
Nadia was born in Firminy, France, a small town near Lyon. After her B.A. in International Business she realized her dream was to travel around the world. She lived in Canada, Mexico, and Thailand, as well as short stays in many other countries. She worked in different hotels and restaurants and was managing dive centers before joining her first sail yacht as a stewardess. She speaks English, French, and Spanish fluently and has a strong background in hospitality. She is enthusiastic and believes that customer service lies above everything else. Nadia enjoys scuba diving, yoga, and reading historic novels. She is driven to make your stay on Kaleen a wonderful experience.
Second Stewardess - Sara Hoitsema
Sara was born in Cascais, Portugal, a town thirty kilometers west of Lisbon. Her father, a previous owner of a racing catamaran, introduced her to sailing optimists at the age of six and has since loved being out at sea. After graduating high school she began working on both motor and sail yachts in St. Maarten to build her repertoire as a stewardess, practicing her skills in detail and service. Sara also enjoys fitness, scuba diving, and other marine and watersport activities. She looks forward to making your stay fun and memorable.
6.0 Feet
Wash Basins: 6
Electric Heads: 5
Pref. Pick-up: -
2x Detroit 12V71 @ 650HP Each 1x 55kW Northern Lights Generator 1x 45kW Northern Lights Generator
Fuel Consumption: 90
Winter Area: Caribbean Virgin Islands, Caribbean Leewards, Caribbean Windwards
Summer Area: Bahamas, USA - New England
Sat Tv: SATCOM
Cellular Phone
WIFI available when in range
Board Games: -
Water Maker: Sea Recove
Special Diets: Yes
Kosher: Inq
BBQ: Yes
Water Cap: 1400GPD
Ice Maker: Yes
Gay Charters: Inq
Nude: Inq
Hairdryers: Yes
Crew Smokes: Inq
Dinghy size: 18' Novurania
Dinghy hp: 110
Dinghy # pax: -
Water Skis Adult: Yes
Water Skis Kids: -
Jet Skis: -
Wave Runners: 2
Kneeboard: -
Windsurfer: -
Scurfer: -
Wake Board: Yes
Kayaks 1 Pax: -
Kayaks (2 Pax): -
Floating Mats: -
Beach Games: -
Caribbean Virgin Islands, Caribbean Leewards, Caribbean Windwards
Bahamas, USA - New England
Hold/Option:
Booked:
Unavailable:
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What Remains of CollegeHumor?
What Remains of CollegeHumor? 1
Fans of CollegeHumor were stunned Wednesday Afternoon by news of massive layoffs in both the New York and La locations. Bloomberg reports that CollegeHumor Media’s parent company IAC has withdrawn its funding and is planning on selling the property over to its Chief Commercial Officer Sam Reich. This move has caused a restructuring that has laid off over 100 employees.
Sam Reich has gone on to twitter to announce the news to fans and has given insight to the future of CH as well as ask for support
“So, bad news – with a twist. IAC, our parent company, has made the difficult decision to no longer finance us. Today, 100+ brilliant people lost their jobs, some of whom are my dear, dear friends. Hire them.
The twist, however, is that IAC has agreed to let me run with the company myself. In words that I’m sure are as surreal to read as they are to type, I will soon become the new majority owner of CH Media. Of course, I can’t keep it going like you’re used to. While we were on the way to becoming profitable, we were nonetheless losing money — and I myself have no money to be able to lose.”
Reich has gone on to ensure that fans will not have to worry about content for a little while as they have 6 months’ worth of material still to present. During that time he goes on to say…
“In these six months, I hope to be able to save Dropout, CollegeHumor, Drawfee, Dorkly, and many of our shows. Some will need to take on bold new creative directions in order to survive. You may not agree with all of them. And this won’t be the last time I ask for your support.”
Overall this is a sad turn of events for 20-year-old site. There was so much amazing content by truly talented people and it would be a shame to see it all go. Whether Reich can manage and claw CH out of this set back only time will tell.
How does this affect You? Were you a fan? Will there be shows you will miss? Leave a Comment Below.
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The Batman Movie Official Release Date, Story Summary, Actors and The Incredible Merchandise
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Category Archives: Julian Ducatenzeiler
Bringing Silent Film Home
New Silent Film restorations Little Annie Rooney (1925) and Fanchon the Cricket (1915) produced by the Mary Pickford Foundation and released by Flicker Alley.
Mary Pickford in Little Annie Rooney, DVD Image courtesy of Flicker Alley.
‘No role she can play on the screen is as great as the role she plays in the motion picture industry. Mary Pickford the actress is completely overshadowed by Mary Pickford the individual.’
Herbert Howe in Photoplay, 1924.
When I look around at the brightest, most popular female stars in Hollywood today, I can think of no one you could repeat Howe’s phrase about- at least not yet, while we are in the process of reclaiming our inheritance. The more we discover about the early history of cinema, the more it seems that successive generations have been duped into believing that female roles, behind and in front of the camera, have always been secondary. Surprisingly, when the artform was still in its infancy there were many more prominent women working in the industry at all levels, including Lois Weber, Ida May Park, Cleo Madison, Dorothy Arzner, Mabel Normand, Nell Shipman, Dorothy Davenport, Frances Marion and Mary Pickford. It shakes the contemporary view of linear progress to find examples of female stars like Pickford, with superior earning power to today, studio governance and creative control, writing, producing, acting and directing. As we grapple with the cumulative effects of gender disparity in the film industry- and the wider world, making the work of female pioneers of early cinema visible is an imperative.
Sadly, it is estimated that over 80% of all Silent Films are irretrievably lost. We can only see a mere fraction of what was created, an experience further reduced in quality by inferior online copies, which is why new restorations are so vitally important. Mary Pickford’s Silent screen career is inspirational, setting an example of what can be when women are able to shape their professions from the ground up. As a co-founder of United Artist studios with D. W. Griffith, Charlie Chaplin and Douglas Fairbanks, Pickford ‘the individual’ was blazing a trail in the motion picture industry before the studio rule book as we know it was written. She forged a career with enviable creative control as a producer, a tide now finally turning in the world of Film and TV circa 2018.
New restorations of Pickford’s Fanchon the Cricket (1915) and Little Annie Rooney (1925) are very timely releases, not only in broadening our understanding of Pickford as an artist/producer, but as part of a wider reappraisal of women in film, integral in the history of World Cinema. These new deluxe, dual disc Blu-ray / DVD editions from the Mary Pickford Foundation, released by Flicker Alley, are ‘the first of a planned series of her films’ and what a delight it is to see them! The care taken in both restorations has delivered clarity of vision, crisp tonal definition, exquisite colour tinting and a seamless flow of storytelling. Sensitively accompanied by new scores, there’s a fresh, exuberant spirit in how these films are presented, perfectly in keeping with the intelligence, empathy and wit we see in Pickford on screen. Big screen cinema/ live musical accompaniment experience aside, you won’t find a better introduction to Pickford’s work for contemporary audiences.
Posted in 1920s, Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences Film Archive, Andy Gladbach, Art History, BFI, Blu-ray, British Film Institute, Cari Beauchamp, Cinémathèque Française, Cinema, DVD, Edward Wynard, Feminine, Feminist, Film, Film Preservation, Film Restoration, Flicker Alley, George Sand, Glasgow Film Festival, Julian Ducatenzeiler, L'Immagine Laboratory, La Petite Fadette, Library of Congress, Little Annie Rooney, Mary Pickford, Mary Pickford Foundation, Nitrate Film, Roundabout Entertainment, Silent Era, Silent Film, Silent Film Accompaniment, United Artists, waif | Tagged 1920s, Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences Film Archive, Andy Gladbach, Art History, BFI, Blu-ray, British Film Institute, Cari Beauchamp, Cinémathèque Française, Cinema, DVD, Edward Wynard, Feminine, Feminist, Film, Film Preservation, Film Restoration, Flicker Alley, George Sand, Glasgow Film Festival, Julian Ducatenzeiler, L'Immagine Laboratory, La Petite Fadette, Library of Congress, Little Annie Rooney, Mary Pickford, Mary Pickford Foundation, Nitrate Film, Roundabout Entertainment, Silent Era, Silent Film, Silent Film Accompaniment, United Artists, waif | Leave a reply
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Making Sense with Nicholls
The Problem with YouTube
When it comes to political communication the advent of YouTube, and other video-sharing websites, has been a double-edged sword.
On the one hand, YouTube allows both political campaigns and advocacy groups to inexpensively and quickly get their messages out to a potentially wide audience.
In other words, TV is no longer the only game in town as a communication medium for videos.
Now you can upload a political ad to a website and hope it generates enough buzz to go “viral.”
Unfortunately, however, the eagerness to create such viral campaigns has also helped to undermine the overall effectiveness of some political messaging.
What do I mean?
Well, instead of crafting ads to sway public opinion, political consultants and ad people are now producing spots that seemed designed solely to generate website “clicks”.
In short, getting a political point across is increasingly taking a backseat to creating spots which are sometimes funny, sometimes outlandish, or sometimes bizarre.
I saw this phenomenon first-hand last year while working in New Hampshire as a consultant in a Republican primary race for a US Senate nomination.
One of our opponents, a businessman named Jim Bender, came up with video spot called “Yum Yum.”
It featured an actor in an Uncle Sam costume greedily devouring cakes shaped like banks, cars and college diplomas. The more he ate, the more bloated Uncle Sam got.
The spot was certainly amusing and it generated a lot of good media coverage. One journalist gave it an “A” for creativity; a political newspaper called it a “must see” ad and it was featured on MSNBC.
So the Yum Yum ad generated media buzz and went viral, all the things you want a YouTube video to do.
But despite all that good stuff, the ad didn’t work where it really mattered; it didn’t help Bender win support.
Before the ads starting running he was mired in last place in the polls and that’s where he stayed right up to Election Day.
Yes his ad was entertaining, but it didn’t really give people a reason to think Bender would be an effective US Senator.
Hence it was a creative success, but a political failure.
Meanwhile, here in Canada the National Citizens Coalition, a conservative advocacy group, ran a similarly entertaining ad during the last federal election.
The NCC spot featured photos of the then three opposition leaders – Michael Ignatieff, Gilles Duceppe and Jack Layton -- superimposed on the bodies of the Three Stooges.
As the “Stooges” in the ad hit, bashed and poked each other, viewers were warned against “socialist” plans.
“Don’t be a stooge,” says the ad at the end “vote against socialism.”
Since the New Democrats enjoyed their most successful election in history, it seems the NCC’s video appeal to stop socialism wasn’t all that effective.
And that’s not surprising. The creators of the ad were so focused on creating a funny, imaginative ad, it seems they neglected to put any thought into their actual political message.
How does Moe bonking Curly on the head with a wrench cause Canadians to fear socialism?
Yet for the NCC that probably didn’t matter. All that mattered was amassing a large number of YouTube hits so they could brag about it to their members.
Now don’t get me wrong.
It’s perfectly fine to make political ads entertaining and humorous.
However, the humor must complement the overall strategic message you are trying to get across.
At the end of the day, after all, the goal isn’t just to make people laugh, it’s to win votes for your candidate or to win converts to your cause.
Posted by Gerry Nicholls at 10:03 AM
Gerry Nicholls
Gerry Nicholls is a communications consultant and writer who has been called a “political warrior” a “brilliant strategist” and one of the “canniest political observers in Canada.” He has worked as a consultant in both the United States and Canada and was formerly a senior officer in the National Citizens Coalition. A regular columnist with the Ottawa Hill Times, his work has also appeared in the Globe and Mail, the National Post and in the Sun Media chain; and he has appeared on countless TV and radio public affairs programs. He is the author of the book, Loyal to the Core, Harper, Me and the NCC.
Gerry's Website
Reviews for Loyal to the Core
“Loyal to the Core is a daring and provocative work. It deserves to be read by conservative activists and politicos.” – Western Standard
“This is a very important book.” -- Michael Coren, TV host
“A fascinating read” --- Seamus O'Regan, Canada AM
“I really enjoyed Loyal to the Core. It’s a great book”, - Charles Adler, radio host.
"Loyal to the Core should be required reading for anyone considering or starting a career at a conservative think tank or in electoral politics in general …Consider Loyal to the Core a cautionary tale that’s also a funny, easy read – with a few highly “stealable” ideas for media campaigns thrown in for good measure.”- Kathy Shaidle, author Tyranny of Nice
“Every Canadian remotely interested in politics and the state of the country should have a read of Loyal to the Core. – blogger Wendy Sullivan
"It’s rare to find a politico, however, who is equally passionate about policy and strategy, but columnist, pundit, author and Western Standard blogger Gerry Nicholls is such a person." Matthew Johnson, owner Western Standard
"If you are a conservative who wonders how conservatives can communicate their message in a hostile media climate, Loyal to the Core is a must read." -- At Home in Hespeler
"You HAVE TO read this book!" -- Connie Fournier Free Dominion
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The expanded child tax credit expires Friday after Congress failed to renew it
The continuation of the child tax credit payments had depended on Congress passing the Build Back Better legislation before Friday.
Jacquelyn Martin/AP
The monthly payments from the expanded child tax credit that have been given to roughly 35 million families in the U.S. during the pandemic will expire at the end of the month, after Congress failed to renew the program that would have been part of the Build Back Better plan.
The payments, which ranged from $250 to $300, started going out in July. Aside from increasing payments, the expanded program sent checks out monthly, and it broadened the number of families who were eligible.
Studies have shown that the monthly payments have helped to significantly reduce child poverty and child hunger in the country. The White House says the program would have the potential to could cut child poverty in half.
Pediatrician Dr. Megan Sandel, who runs Boston Medical Center’s GROW Clinic to help malnourished children, says the monthly payments helped families get back on their feet.
“A lot of that has to do with being able to have that consistent check every month that they know they’re getting,” Dr. Sandel told NPR earlier this month.
But hunger in the U.S. is worsening just as the monthly payments are ending. The Census Bureau estimated that more than 21 million Americans didn’t have enough to eat in early December, a five-month high.
“I really have to call out that with the Build Back Better bill not being passed, that we are seeing now families really losing hope,” Sandel said. “So time is of the essence. We need to really make sure that families don’t fall off the cliff, especially in this time with such high food inflation.”
The expanded child tax credit program was passed as part of Biden’s American Rescue Plan in March, and the administration hoped Democrats would pass an extension of it before the end of the year as part of the Build Back Better Act. But because of opposition from Democratic Sen. Joe Manchin of West Virginia, the bill did not come up for a vote in the Senate.
Machin had said he had concerns about the bill’s cost and how it would contribute to inflation. Privately, he also reportedly voiced concern that parents who received the monthly credit would use the money on drugs, according to the Huffington Post.
The last payment was sent to eligible families on Dec. 15.
If Congress doesn’t pass an expanded child tax credit, the program reverts back to being a smaller amount in the form of a yearly credit.
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The Pfeiffers
Pauline and Ernest
Pauline Pfeiffer Background
Ernest Hemingway Background
On July 4, 1913, Paul and Mary Pfeiffer moved from St. Louis, Missouri, to Piggott, Arkansas, where they eventually acquired 63,000 acres of land. Until Paul’s death in 1944 and Mary’s death in 1950, they were instrumental in making many of the improvements in Clay County, including assisting with schools, a hospital, a library, and paved roads. After the Bank of Piggott closed in 1930 during the Great Depression, it was immediately re-chartered as Piggott State Bank with Paul Pfeiffer as president, assisted by his wife. To this day, residents remember the Pfeiffers as key leaders in developing Piggott and Clay County.
Cedar Falls and Parkersburg, Iowa
One of ten siblings from Iowa, Paul’s family was in the drugstore and pharmaceutical business in Cedar Falls. After working for a time in his older brother’s drugstore, he became proprietor of his own drugstore in Parkersburg. Paul met and married Mary Downey of Parkersburg on Oct. 8, 1894. Two of their four children were born in Iowa: Pauline in 1895 and Karl in 1900.
In 1901 Paul became a partner in establishing Pfeiffer Chemical Company in St. Louis, along with brothers Henry and Gus. Two additional children were born in St. Louis: Virginia in 1902 and Max in 1907 (who died during the 1918 influenza epidemic). Paul did not take to big-city living like his brothers, and instead began buying up agricultural land in Northeast Arkansas. Thus, when the Pfeiffers’ St. Louis company merged with William R. Warner & Co. in Philadelphia, and later with the Richard Hudnut Company in New York, Paul chose not to remain with the business.
Piggott, Arkansas
When Henry and Gus moved to Philadelphia, and then on to New York, Paul moved his family to Arkansas. He had heard about the rich soil in this area from railroad men returning to St. Louis from cutting and hauling timber out of the region. The land was ripe for an entrepreneur to come in and blast out the cut-over stumps, drain the swamps, and convert the land to agricultural production. Paul Pfeiffer was such a person. Considered a model rural landowner, he developed a number of 40- and 80-acre tracts for tenant farmers, ultimately selling it off to them at reasonable rates and leaving a lasting legacy.
Hemingway-Pfeiffer
Museum and Educational Center
1021 West Cherry Street
Piggott, Arkansas 72454
Arkansas Heritage Sites
State University, AR 72467
Copyright © 2014-2022 Hemingway-Pfeiffer Museum and Educational Center
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Perk up: Drinking coffee is safe, despite confusing studies
0 0 Tuesday, September 11, 2018 Edit this post
Years of research shows no solid evidence that coffee poses a high health risk when consumed in moderation -- even every day. Photo by acekreations/Pixabay
Americans drink an average of three cups of coffee a day -- in the morning as a wake-up jolt, during the afternoon for a workday treat and at night for energy to pursue activities before going to bed.
Studies have shown the ingredients from the roasted bean can increase mental alertness, memory, stamina and concentration. But they also can heighten anxiety and stress and cause stomach problems in some people.
Studies have shown potential health benefits of drinking coffee to prevent diseases -- but also suggested the risk of certain conditions, including cancer.
Scrutiny has intensified recently as a California state judge ruled that coffee companies must use labels to warn customers that the carcinogen acrylamide is created during the roasting process.
Does all of this amount to a hill of beans?
Few serious risks
The Institute for Scientific Information on Coffee, a not-for-profit organization, was founded in 1990 by six major European coffee companies to study and disclose science related to coffee and health.
"Scientific studies, published in peer-review journals, demonstrate that moderate coffee drinking is perfectly safe for human health and may confer some health benefits," Roger Cook, the science manager for the institute, told UPI. "This is based on published science and not on my individual thoughts."
Recent studies seem to alternate between coffee's positive and negative effects, decades of research has shown relatively few serious health risks, including any strong link to cancer. But the concern remains because coffee is such a widely consumed beverage.
More than half of Americans over 18 drink coffee every day, representing more than 150 million daily drinkers, according to the National Coffee Association and The Specialty Coffee Association of America. Some 30 million of them drink specialty coffee beverages daily, including lattes, espressos, cafe mocha, cappuccinos and frozen/iced coffee beverages.
Sixty-five percent of all coffee is consumed during breakfast hours, 30 percent between meals and the remaining 5 percent with other meals.
The $18 billion U.S. coffee market includes beverages sold at more than 50,000 coffee shops, including Starbucks. In addition, the United States exports around $4 billion of coffee each year.
A long-time focus of research
For centuries, studies focused on medical benefits and dangers associated with the proper amount to consume, whether it is habit forming and caffeine levels.
In the 18th century, King Gustav III of Sweden conducted an experiment on two people to see whether tea or coffee kills faster. They both far outlived the king and the researchers conducting the experiment.
"Coffee is much more than just caffeine," Dr. Robert Shmerling, the clinical chief of rheumatology at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center in Massachusetts, told UPI. "It is a complex beverage with complex effects on the body. And, of course, there are many types of coffee that vary with how it's brewed, how strong it is, how much caffeine it contains and so on -- so the effects of different types of coffee vary."
On the positive side, he cited the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, as well as improved insulin and glucose metabolism and increased neuroprotective effects, including alertness, concentration and possible cognitive function. These would be linked to a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, Parkinson's disease, uterine and liver cancer, cirrhosis and gout.
On the other extreme, he said studies have linked coffee to increased risk of bladder and pancreatic cancer, esophageal cancer and cardiovascular disease.
Confusing study results
In March, a study conducted in Brazil of more than 4,000 people found those who consume more than three cups of java a day might lower their risk of clogged arteries. Their coffee-drinking habits were correlated with coronary artery calcium, or CAC, readings.
But a 2006 study also found that found the risk of heart attack increased fourfold when they drank coffee -- which can make the plethora of study results somewhat confusing.
"People at high risk for a heart attack who are occasional or regular coffee drinkers might consider quitting coffee altogether," says researcher Ana Baylin, a research associate at Brown University School of Medicine in Providence, R.I., who studied 503 cases of non-fatal myocardial infarction in Costa Rica.
Some studies have found that two or more cups of coffee a day can increase the risk of heart disease in people with a specific and fairly common genetic mutation that slows the breakdown of caffeine in the body. So, levels of consumption can become a factor.
"It's likely that there is a threshold for coffee -- as for most good things -- some is good but more is not always better," Shmerling said. "At moderate levels of consumption -- 1 to 3 cups per day -- a number of health benefits are observed, including longer life, and in a recent study, even those drinking 8 or more cups/day saw benefits.
"But, since relatively few people drink well above 8 cups per day, we know less about whether there's a point of diminishing return. High consumption may cause unacceptable side effects -- palpitations, racing heart -- or frequent urination from all the fluids consumed."
Does coffee cause cancer?
In the last few years, the potential effects of carcinogens in coffee also have been debated.
Cook says, however, that there is no evidence that coffee increases risk for cancer. This was confirmed by the International Agency for Research on Cancer in 2016, which concluded the chemical and coffee consumption are not linked to medical problems.
But that's not the way Los Angeles County Superior Court Judge Elihu M. Berle sees it. Ruling in a lawsuit against coffee producers, distributors and retailers brought by a civic group that fights toxins, Berle found that the coffee companies failed to prove the level of acrylamide in coffee was not a significant risk. Berle ruled that companies selling coffee must tell their customers of the potential implications of exposure.
The nonprofit Council for Education and Research on Toxics, which filed the suit, based their claim on a state law, Proposition 65, which requires any food or drink that contains a substance found to cause cancer in animals to include information on labels or in places where it is sold. The defendants in the lawsuit, which was filed in 2010, included Nestle and Starbucks.
"Acrylamide, a substance found in a number of foods, is formed during the roasting of coffee beans in levels far below what was found to cause cancer in animals; thus far, acrylamide in coffee has not been linked to human cancers among coffee drinkers," Shmerling said.
A state agency in California agrees. The Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment has proposed updating the state's regulations after a hearing.
The U.S. Food & Drug Administration, which ensures that food is safe and truthfully labeled, said it was "deeply concerned" about the court ruling and sent a letter to the state agency voicing support for the exemption of coffee.
"Acrylamide can form in many foods during high-temperature cooking, such as frying, roasting and baking," the FDA said in a news release last week. "Acrylamide in food forms from sugars and an amino acid that are naturally present in food. It doesn't come from food packaging or the environment. In coffee, acrylamide forms during the roasting of coffee beans."
In 2016, the FDA posted a document to help growers, manufacturers and food service operators lower the amount of acrylamide in foods associated with higher levels of the chemical.
The IARC, which is part of the World Health Organization of the United Nations, listed it as a possible carcinogen in 2015 because of its link to cancer in rodents. But one year later it rescinded the warning after it asked 23 researchers to review more than 1,000 studies in humans and animals on consumption of coffee, finding "inadequate evidence" that drinking coffee is carcinogenic.
'Keep an open mind'
"I'm not very concerned and I don't think others should be," Shmerling said. "But it's a good idea to keep an open mind and look to the research for guidance in this regard. Compared to other known carcinogens, such as smoking, I would be less concerned."
Shmerling suggests consumers keep an eye on headlines suggesting the good or bad health effects of coffee, and carefully evaluate whether the headlines are based on well-conducted, randomized controlled trials.
And while research does not say what direction coffee drinkers should go in -- drink way more or way less for some type of health benefit -- Shmerling said people should decide for themselves if they want to drink coffee, though he issued a soft warning.
"Cutting out coffee from your routine may be accompanied by coffee cravings, headache, physical and mental sluggishness and irritability, but these tend to improve rather quickly over a short time." Shmerling said. "And they can be largely avoided by gradually reducing coffee over a number of days or weeks."
Health - U.S. Daily News: Perk up: Drinking coffee is safe, despite confusing studies
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https://health.dailynews.us.com/2018/09/perk-up-drinking-coffee-is-safe-despite.html
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April – Parkinson’s Disease Awareness Month
Photo: Greg Balzer/flickr
The Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital – The Neuro, McGill University and the McGill University Health Centre, is at the forefront of Parkinson’s research and clinical care. Parkinson’s patients are seen at The Neuro’s Movement Disorders Clinic and the Montreal General Hospital. Approximately 100,000 Canadians have Parkinson’s disease.
New Rapid-Access Clinic at The Neuro reduces wait time
The Movement Disorders Clinic, a National Parkinson Foundation Centre of Excellence, has introduced rapid access procedures that greatly reduce patient wait times and improve patient-clinic communications. Central to these procedures are two pivot nurses specially trained to handle issues facing Parkinson’s patients. The nurses serve as the initial points of entry for new patients, and remain as the point of contact throughout the patients’ treatment at the clinic. If their symptoms change, patients are free to call one of the nurses at any time.
“Within two weeks of receiving the patient’s referral, the nurse contacts the patient to get some basic information to help prioritize their referral and to provide a link to our clinic,” explains Dr. Anne-Louise Lafontaine, Director of the Movement Disorders Clinic. “The goal is to see a new patient within three months, which is far less than the Canadian average of up to one year for movement disorder clinics. The nurse makes a comprehensive evaluation, which reveals any potential bio-psycho-social issues that might arise. Soon after, the patients see a neurologist, who will have a comprehensive report of the patient’s condition. The team is now mobilized faster.”
By establishing a point of patient contact early and maintaining a single point of contact who can direct patients, The Neuro is making patient care more personal and sustained. The rapid-access program at the Clinic, which operates at two MUHC sites, The Neuro and the Montreal General Hospital, was made possible by generous, ongoing funding by major Montreal benefactors, Michal and Renata Hornstein.
Professionals with many different skills are required to help manage this complex disease. The clinic has a multidisciplinary team of neurologists, nurse specialists, occupational therapists, speech therapists and social workers. One of the clinic’s special programs addresses the needs of younger people newly diagnosed with the disease. Patients also participate in clinical studies.
Parkinson’s Researchers at The Neuro:
Dr. Edward Fon is a neurologist specializing in movement disorders. He is Director of the McGill Parkinson Program and Associate Director of Clinical and Translational Research at The Neuro. His research focuses on the molecular events leading to the neuronal degeneration in Parkinson’s disease. He is particularly interested in the function and cell biology of Parkinson disease genes. Dr. Fon’s work could potentially lead to new therapeutic strategies. He is Chair of the Scientific Advisory Board, Parkinson Society Canada; a member of the board of the Société Parkinson du Québec; and a member of the Program Committee for the World Parkinson’s Congress.
Dr. Anne-Louise Lafontaine, neurologist. As Director of the Movement Disorders Clinic, Dr. Lafontaine is responsible for the interdisciplinary clinic. She was instrumental in developing a rapid access clinic for newly diagnosed Parkinson’s disease patients. She is also involved in clinical research trials for Parkinson’s disease.
Dr. Lesley Fellows, neurologist. Dr. Fellows studies complex human behaviour using techniques developed by cognitive neuroscience. She is examining how Parkinson’s disease affects impulsive behaviour, learning, and attention span. Dr. Fellows is seeking to determine whether behavioural changes are due to the disease or to the medications used to treat the disease.
Dr. Alain Dagher, neurologist. Dr. Dagher uses functional brain imaging techniques to understand how Parkinson’s disease affects thinking and emotion. His research could improve the treatment of cognitive and mood problems that severely affect patients’ quality of life.
Dr. Louis Collins, brain-imaging specialist. Dr. Collins employs computerized image-processing methods using magnetic resonance imaging to identify brain structures non-invasively. His techniques are essential in image-guided neurosurgical treatments of Parkinson’s disease. Dr. Collins and his team have developed computerized tools and atlases that neurosurgeons use to plan and perform minimally invasive neurosurgical procedures. These techniques enable better visualization of the surgical target and permit more accurate placement of deep brain electrodes that are used to stimulate certain areas of the brain for customized treatment of the symptoms in Parkinson’s disease.
Dr. Ron Postuma, neurologist. Dr. Postuma studies non-motor manifestations of Parkinson’s disease particularly sleep disorders. He is testing how to predict Parkinson’s disease, particularly by studying patients with REM sleep behaviour disorder, which is a major risk factor for the disease. He is also looking for ways to improve detection and treatment of non-motor problems, including clinical trials for treatments of sleepiness and insomnia. He conducts ongoing studies for dance therapy in Parkinson’s disease cases, and is initiating a large-scale study of caffeine for treatment of the disease.
Dr. Abbas Sadikot, neurosurgeon. Dr. Sadikot is a specialist in the surgical implantation of Deep Brain Stimulators (DBS) in patients with Parkinson’s disease. The surgery involves inserting a tiny device into a patient’s brain which emits electrical pulses to the surrounding part of the brain, relieving the tremors and rigidity caused by Parkinson’s disease.
What is Parkinson’s Disease?
Parkinson’s disease is a neurological condition related to the death of specific brain cells that produce dopamine, a chemical needed for brain cells to control muscular movement. In Parkinson’s disease, dopamine-producing cells stop functioning for reasons still unknown. There is currently no cure, but some drugs and clinical treatments can help control or minimize symptoms which include: uncontrollable tremors, slowness of movement, stiffness or rigidity, and loss of balance. Parkinson’s disease affects many non-dopaminergic areas of the brain as well. These areas are responsible for symptoms during early stages of the disease such as problems with sleep, constipation, blood pressure, sweating, depression, anxiety, as well as symptoms that cause disability in later stages. Symptoms can appear in people in their thirties and forties, but more commonly appear around the age of 60.
The Neuro
The Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital — The Neuro, is a unique academic medical centre dedicated to neuroscience. Founded in 1934 by the renowned Dr. Wilder Penfield, The Neuro is recognized internationally for integrating research, compassionate patient care and advanced training, all key to advances in science and medicine. The Neuro is a research and teaching institute of McGill University and forms the basis for the Neuroscience Mission of the McGill University Health Centre. Neuro researchers are world leaders in cellular and molecular neuroscience, brain imaging, cognitive neuroscience and the study and treatment of epilepsy, multiple sclerosis and neuromuscular disorders. For more information, visit theneuro.com.
Contact: Anita Kar, Communications Officer, The Neuro (514) 398-3376, anita.kar@mcgill.ca
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In Memoriam: Dr. Eleanor Colle-Maclean (1926-2015)
Eleanor Colle MacLean died peacefully at home on June 2nd, 2015, surrounded by her family. Dr. Colle, emeritus professor of Pediatrics at McGill University, and known affectionately as EC, was born January 27, 1926 in Minneapolis, Minnesota to Emily and Alfred Colle (founder of Colle-McVoy Advertising).
She received her undergraduate degree (BA, BS, 1946, Phi Beta Kappa) and Doctor of Medicine Degree (1950) from the University of Minnesota.
Following pediatric residency training at Bellevue Hospital in New York, at Guy’s Hospital in London and at the University of Minnesota, EC began her lifelong study of metabolic diseases of childhood, including the syndrome of ketotic hypoglycemia and insulin –dependent diabetes. During these early years, as one of the first women on the medical staff, EC helped to establish the new emerging discipline of pediatric endocrinology.
In 1962, EC and her husband, Dr. Lloyd MacLean, were recruited to McGill University. For the next 35 years, she maintained an active clinical research and teaching career at The Montreal Children’s Hospital and McGill University. From 1970-1980, EC was the Director of the Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and of the Hormone Laboratory at the Montreal Children’s Hospital. In 1980, a sabbatic leave at the McGill Center for Clinical Immunology and Transplantation set the stage for her second career, investigating the pathophysiology of autoimmune insulin-dependent diabetes.
EC was instrumental in furthering the clinical research studies that were being conducted on children with diabetes by her colleagues in the Division of metabolism at the Children’s Hospital. Equally at home in the clinic and the research laboratory, EC was a chercheur-clinicien, even before the term was popularized. Throughout her career she demonstrated her estimable knowledge base and the ability to transfer this knowledge into improvements in patient care.
She published over 100 scientific papers and 17 Chapters during her career. EC was recognized by one of her colleagues as someone who had an unusual ability to balance work and home life as she “knitted her way through our academic conferences…but could quote a page number from any current journal”.
She was married in 1954 to Dr. Lloyd D MacLean, a marriage lasting 60 years until his death in January 2015. She was predeceased by her sister Ann Colle Rogers. “EC” and “Mac” raised five children (Hugh, Charles, Ian, James, and Martha) and were grandparents to ten grandchildren, aunt and uncle respectively to their nephew John Rogers.
An avid gardener, skier, hiker and tennis player who loved the “great outdoors”, EC was a voracious reader known for her weekly visits to the Westmount Library and her ability to consume several books each week throughout her life. Born into an era of transatlantic sea crossings, she was a prodigious letter-writer, leaving behind a window into the attitudes of the time.
Known to her grandchildren as Nana, she stayed connected via her ever-present iPad, playing Scrabble or Words With Friends online with anyone brave enough to take her on.
Eleanor also took great interest in politics and current affairs, and her family is perhaps most grateful both for the example she set as an informed, curious and avid life-long learner, and for her genuine willingness to engage with and embrace individuals of all walks of life—in this she was truly ahead of her time.
Condolences may be sent via Mont Royal Commemorative Services. A private ceremony will be held. In lieu of flowers, the family respectfully requests that those wishing to make a donation contribute to the charity of their choice.
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HomeStatisticsFilmstarsRodrigo de la Serna Height, Weight, Age, Body Statistics
Rodrigo de la Serna Height, Weight, Age, Body Statistics
Rodrigo de la Serna Quick Info
Date of Birth April 18, 1976
Rodrigo de la Serna is an Argentinian actor, musician, and theatre artist who is best known for having been cast as Palermo in Money Heist and for his role as Alberto Granado in The Motorcycle Diaries. Moreover, he has also played several other on-screen roles such as Pablo Silva in Furtive, Matías Franco in El Lobista, Jorge Bergoglio in Chiamatemi Francesco, Oscar in Boca de fresa, and Claudio Tamburrini in Chronicle of an Escape.
Lionel Rodrigo de la Serna Chevalier
Rodrigo de la Serna in December 2017 (Secretaría de Cultura Ciudad de México / Flickr / CC BY-SA 2.0)
Ingeniero Maschwitz, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina
Actor, Theatre Artist, Musician
Sibling – Manuel De la Serna (Brother)
Rodrigo de la Serna as seen while posing for a picture alongside Miru de la Serna in April 2018 (Rodrigo de la Serna / Instagram)
5 ft 11 in or 180.5 cm
Rodrigo de la Serna has dated –
Erica Rivas (1999-2010) – He dated actress Érica Rivas from 1999 to 2010 and the duo parents a daughter named Miranda de la Serna (b. 2000).
Soledad Fandiño (2011)
Belén Francese (2012) – Rumor
Pilar Gamboa (2012-2016)
Ludmila Romero (2017-Present) – He started dating Ludmila Romero in 2017 and they welcomed their daughter named Olivia De la Serna in February 2019.
Has often portrayed real-life characters
Deep-set eyes
Rodrigo de la Serna smiling for a selfie in August 2017 (Rodrigo de la Serna / Instagram)
Rodrigo de la Serna Facts
He was raised in the Belgrano neighborhood of Buenos Aires.
He made his first theatrical film appearance by playing the role of Micky in the 1999 Argentine-American romantic comedy film, El mismo amor, la misma lluvia (English: Same Love, Same Rain).
Rodrigo de la Serna was cast as Alberto Granado, the youthful friend and traveling companion of Che Guevara, in the 2004 biopic, The Motorcycle Diaries. He co-starred in the film alongside Gael García Bernal and Mía Maestro and this role won him a Silver Condor Award for “Best Actor” as well as an Independent Spirit Award for “Best Debut Performance” while he was also nominated for a BAFTA Award for “Best Supporting Actor”.
He has been a part of a band named El Yotivenco alongside Blas Alberti and Juan Pablo Díaz Hermelo.
In 2019, Rodrigo de la Serna started appearing as Martín Berrote (Palermo/The Engineer), an old Argentine friend of Berlin who planned the robbery of the Bank of Spain with him, in the Spanish heist crime drama television series, Money Heist (Spanish: La casa de papel).
His Money Heist co-stars include Álvaro Morte, Pedro Alonso, Itziar Ituño, Úrsula Corberó, Paco Tous, Alba Flores, Miguel Herrán, Jaime Lorente, Esther Acebo, Enrique Arce, and María Pedraza.
Featured Image by Secretaría de Cultura Ciudad de México / Flickr / CC BY-SA 2.0
El Yotivenco
Rodrigo de la Serna
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Healthyton > Celeb Bio & Health > Dr. Nowzaradan
Dr. Nowzaradan - Bio, Net Worth, Salary Age, Height, Weight, Wiki, Health, Facts and Family
Dr. Younan Nowzaradan is a well-known weight-loss surgeon from all over the world. He is best known for his role as the doctor on My 600-pound Life, but he has also appeared on Skin Tight, Half-Ton Killer & World’s Heaviest Dad, and Mom & Son. The Iranian-American surgeon is 76 years old and specializes in vascular procedure and bariatric surgery. He operates at a number of local hospitals and is affiliated with Houston Obesity Surgery in Houston, Texas.
Well, how well do you know about Dr. Nowzaradan? If not much, we have compiled all you need to know about Dr. Nowzaradan’s net worth in 2021, his age, height, weight, wife, kids, biography and complete details about his life. Well, if you’re all set, here is what we know about Dr. Nowzaradan to date.
5 Is Dr. Nowzaradan Gay?
8 Net Worth, Salary & Earnings of Dr. Nowzaradan in 2021
On the 11th of October in 1944, Dr. Nowzaradan was birthed. He is a citizen of the United States of America. Younan Nowzaradan is his birth name. He is a board-certified surgeon with extensive experience. General and Vascular surgery is his field of expertise. For more than 40 years, he has been in this line of work. He was born in Iran and grew up there.
So, how old is Dr. Nowzaradan in 2021 and what is his height and weight? Well, Dr. Nowzaradan’s age is 76 years old as of today’s date 29th July 2021 having been born on 11 October 1944. Though, he is 5′ 8″ in feet and inches and 175 cm in Centimetres tall, he weighs about 180lbs in Pound and 82kg in Kilograms.
In the year 1970, he attended Tehran’s prestigious University. He earned a bachelor’s degree in surgery at this institution.
Do you know if Dr. Nowzaradan is married? He isn’t. Currently, he is divorced. He was married to Delores McRedmond, who served as a secretary at the time. In 1975, the couple married. Delores left her work as a secretary to care for her husband and son. Following 27 years of marriage, the pair divorced in 2002. She requested a divorce in 2002, and the legal case lasted two years.
In 2004, the divorce proceedings were completed. 70% of the assets were given to his ex-wife. Dr. Now’s conduct in trying to conceal some of his properties resulted in an unequal distribution. A son and two daughters were born to the doctor and his ex-wife. Jonathan Nowzaradan, the son of Dr. Nowzaradan, is the chairman, CEO, and president of Megalomedia, a Texas-based video production company.
His show, My 600-lb Life, is directed and produced by him. Jennifer, the second daughter, was born on February 21, 1980. She holds a bachelor’s degree in arts from St Edwards University. Jennifer is currently employed as a teacher at a high school in South Austin. Jessica is the name of the youngest girl. Her birthday is May 1st, 1983. In pursuing the arts, she has followed in the footsteps of her older sibling. Jessica is a photographer who loves what she does.
Is Dr. Nowzaradan Gay?
Although he is divorced, there is no mention of being gay. He has been focusing on his work of helping people who require surgical procedures. So I believe that his sexual orientation is straight.
Dr. Nowzaradan began his surgical career right after finishing his studies. As a general surgeon, he served in a variety of Texas hospitals. He specialized in weight-loss surgeries as time passed. The following is a list of his surgical experience:
About 32 years of experience in bariatric surgery
20 years of practice in laparoscopic surgery
12 years of experience in laparoscopic bariatric surgery
My 600-lb Life is a TLC reality show that aired on television. The show’s first episode aired on February 1, 2012. He has starred in eight seasons and over 100 episodes so far. The show follows obese patients who seek care from Dr. Now on their weight loss journey.
He assists them in losing weight by performing different types of surgery at his Houston, Texas place. Besides, he creates a pre-and post-surgery diet for his patients. Dr. Also also assists these patients in obtaining therapeutic assistance in order to make the weight loss process more successful. Her happiness at being able to live a normal life, however, was short-lived. She died 12 days after the operation.
Renee died as a result of a heart attack. In the UK, the series Half Ton Mum chronicled her struggle. Is Dr. still in practice? He isn’t practicing, no. The government ordered the closure of all non-essential companies after the COVID-19 pandemic broke out. His clinic was considered one of them, which is why it was shut down. The development ran until March 26th, 2020, when it was considered non-essential.
The manufacturing company was also chastised for exposing its employees and patients to the outbreak. TLC, on the other hand, released a statement to resolve the issue, saying, “Our top priority is the safety of our show talent, crews, and employees.” My 600-lb Life production has halted and will not resume until the crisis is resolved. We sincerely hope that our stars, crews, and families are secure and healthy during this crucial period.
Dr. Nowzaradan has had a long and fruitful career in medicine. His abilities have allowed him to perform very effective surgeries that have left his patients smiling. His vast study in the field of medicine is something to be proud of. He assists his clients in creating a delicious meal for them.
Net Worth, Salary & Earnings of Dr. Nowzaradan in 2021
Dr. Nowzaradan’s net worth is estimated to be in excess of $6 million as of 2021. This fortune was amassed during his illustrious career as a physician. He has partnered with a number of clients, which has boosted his net worth. The icing on the cake for his net worth was when he began hosting a program. He became very well-known as a result of this display, which also improved his net worth.
Dr. Nowzaradan has a proven track record as a competent surgeon. Despite one scandal in his life, he has had a spotless professional career. It is admirable that he is dedicated to changing the lives of millions of people.
Facts of Dr. Younan Nowzaradan
full nameDr. Younan Nowzaradan
birthplaceTehran, Iran
Date of Birth October 11, 1944
Horoscope Libra
Lucky Stone Peridot
Lucky Color Blue
Best Match for Marriage Gemini
nationalityIranian
religionIslam
professionSurgeon
weightIn Kilograms – 82Kg, In Pounds – 180 lbs
eye colorBlack
high schoolN/A
Darren Hardy
David Justice
Justin Guarini
Morgane Stapleton
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Serial Killer John Edward Robinson’s Victims List
By Alyssa Choiniere
Updated Oct 5, 2019 at 12:50am
Mugshot/Missing person\'s John Edward Robinson and one of his victims, Lisa Stasi.
Serial killer John Edward Robinson is on death row in Kansas City, Kansas. Authorities believe that he’s responsible for the murders of at least eight women in Missouri and Kansas.
In many of the cases, Robinson would send letters to family members of the victims after the women went missing in an attempt to cover up the disappearance. The letters would describe a trip or an adventure the women took. In at least two cases, Robinson targeted single mothers, authorities argued in court. He founded a fraudulent organization in Kansas City and approached women’s shelters, saying he was part of an assistance program that would enable single moms to get their GEDs and receive free room and board.
Robinson was initially convicted in the murders of Suzette Marie Trouten, Izabela Lewicka, Beverly J. Bonner, Sheila Faith, Debbie Faith, and Lisa Stasi, according to court documents. He is also suspected in the deaths of Catherine F. Clampitt and Paula Godfrey. The state Supreme Court in Kansas later vacated the convictions in the Stasi case and victim Izabela Lewicka’s death. However, Robinson remains on death row because the Kansas court upheld one capital murder conviction for the death of Suzette Trouten. The court wrote, “In sum, we affirm Robinson’s capital murder conviction charged in Count II (Suzette Trouten’s death). We reverse his capital murder conviction charged in Count III (Izabela Lewicka’s death) and his first-degree murder conviction charged in Count V (Lisa Stasi’s disappearance) as unconstitutionally multiplicitous with the capital murder conviction in Count II.” You can read that extremely lengthy decision here. The aggravated Interference With Parental Custody conviction in the Stasi case was upheld.
Robinson was arrested after investigators found the bodies of two women in barrels on his property in Linn County, Kansas. The remains were identified as Trouten and Lewicka. The bodies of three more women were found outside a storage unit Robinson rented in Raymore, Missouri, according to an appeal filed in his case.
In Missouri, reported Fox4KC, “Robinson acknowledged that the prosecutor had enough evidence to convict him of capital murder for the deaths of Paula Godfrey and Catherine Clampitt, Beverly Bonner and Sheila Faith and her 15-year-old daughter Debbie.”
Most of the victims were young women in their late teens.
Here are their stories.
Lisa Stasi
Charley ProjectLisa Stasi
Lisa Stasi was a single mother who was living with her 4-month-old daughter, Tiffany Stasi, in a battered women’s shelter in Kansas City, Kansas. She met Johnson, who said he had an outreach program that would provide her with free room and board and enable her to complete her GED. For 16 years, both the mother and baby were presumed to be dead. In 2000, investigators discovered Robinson gave the baby to his brother, Donald Robinson, and his wife, Helen. She was raised as Heather Tiffany Robinson and learned the truth about her mother when she was 16. Police believe Stasi was targeted so Robinson could give his brother a baby, according to The Charley Project.
Suzette Marie Trouten
Suzette Marie Trouten was born to Carolyn and Harry Trouten, the youngest of five children. Trouten was very close to her mother, who lived close in Monroe, Michigan. The mother and daughter talked daily. However, her mother had no idea her daughter was involved in BDSM. Suzette Trouten posted an ad as a “slave,” and became connected with Robinson, according to records filed in Robinson’s case.
She told her mother Robinson, who lived in Kansas City, Kansas, hired her to care for his elderly father. She said the job paid $60,000, and required frequent, international travel. Once Trouten moved to Kansas, she continued calling her mother daily. On March 1, she told her mother she was going on a trip with Johnson. She never heard from her daughter again.
Trouten’s remains were identified after her body was found in a barrel in Linn County, Kansas.
Catherine F. Clampitt
Catherine F. Clampitt moved to Kansas to live with her brother’s family after a struggle with drug and alcohol abuse, and left her son with her parents in Texas. She was hired by Robinson at his business, Equi II, a management consulting firm in Overland Park, Kansas. The job required frequent travel, according to The Charley Project.
Clampitt did not return home from a trip, and her brother reported her missing on June 15, 1987. Her body was never found.
Izabela Lewicka
Izabela Lewicka was born in Poland and moved to the United States with her family when she was 11. She began attending Purdue University in 1996, and had a strong interest in the arts. Her friends told investigators she was also involved in alternate lifestyles, such as BDSM. Lewicka told a friend she was moving to Kansas City in 1997, where Johnson would train her to be dominant, according to court filings.
She told the friend she would also be working for his business to do secretarial work and helping him to illustrate manuscripts. Lewicka disappeared sometime between the late summer and fall of 1999. Her body was found in a barrel in Linn County, Kansas.
Paula Godfrey
Paula Godfrey was an employee of John Robinson at his management consulting firm, Equi II, in Overland Park, Kansas. When she was 19 years old, Robinson told her he was sending her to San Antonio, Texas for training in clerical skills with a group of other women. Her parents told investigators he picked her up to take her to the airport September 1, 1984. She was never seen again, according to The Charley Project.
Her father went to San Antonio to search for his daughter and later confronted Robinson. Soon, her parents received a letter that investigators believe was forged by Robinson. The letter said she was fine, and that she left the area because she wanted to “start over.” Her parents gave the letter to police.
Beverly J. Bonner
Beverly Bonner was a prison librarian at the Western Missouri Correctional Center, where Robinson was an inmate between 1992 and 1993 for a case unrelated to the murders and disappearances. Bonner’s husband, Dr. William Bonner, was a prison physician who treated Robinson and other inmates. The couple filed for divorce in 1993, and she told her husband she was helping Robinson find property for a hydroponics project. Toward the end of her marriage, she said she was moving to Chicago. After their final divorce proceeding in 1994, she was never seen or heard from again, according to court filings.
Sheila Faith
Sheila Faith was a widowed mother of a daughter with cerebral palsy. She struggled financially, and met Robinson through a personal ad in the spring of 1994. Robinson said he was a wealthy executive, and told Sheila he would take her and her daughter on a cruise and pay for Debbie to go to private school. She told her friend she was going to visit John, but they never came home, according to court documents.
Debbie Faith
Debbie Lynn Faith was the daughter of Sheila Faith, born October 17, 1978. She had several birth defects, including cerebral palsy. She went missing along with her mother, Sheila Faith, after meeting Robinson in 1994, according to court documents.
READ NEXT: Heather Tiffany Robinson Today: Where Is Tiffany Stasi Now?
20/20, ABC, Murder, Serial Killers
Serial killer John Edward Robinson is on death row in Kansas City Kansas. He's accused of multiple murders.
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Volleyball Team Pushes Through the Season
Journee Harris, Tsion Sisay, and Nida Khan|October 7, 2019
The Varsity Volleyball team in Hylton’s gym.
The varsity volleyball team is a tight knit group of players. They have been playing together for years, but they had to step up their game this year after many key players graduated.
Varsity volleyball wins their games by winning the majority matches per game. They have to win a total of three matches put of five to win the whole game. The team got off to a rough start with two losses to their rival, Forest Park. The first game against Forest Park was an away game on Sept. 3; the second game was a home game on Sept. 26, both ending with a score of 3-0.
Even with the setbacks, the team’s motivation and eagerness to win continued to grow.
The team had six wins this season. They beat Freedom High School twice, Osbourn Park, Stonewall Jackson, Potomac, and Osbourn.
“We are doing better and working together to pull forward in our season,” said senior Mikayla Kinsey, the team’s starting setter. She has been dealing with an ongoing ankle fracture caused by an extra bone in her ankle and needs surgery in December. Despite the injury, she was cleared to play near the end of the season and continued to push through for the sake of the team.
”I’m just taking things day by day,” said Kinsey.
This season the girls were still transitioning to their new roles on the team. The team ended the season with a record of 6-11. “The girls are working really hard this season and have stayed competitive,” said Coach Andrea Testerman.
“We have more talent and energy this year than ever before,” said Stephanie Flores, a member of the varsity girls’ volleyball team. “It shows on the court.”
About the Writers
Journee Harris, Staff Writer
Journee' Harris is a senior at C. D. Hylton Senior High School. She is a varsity cheerleader and a part of the CISL program. Outside of school, she works...
Tsion Sisay, Staff Writer
Tsion Sisay is a senior at C.D. Hylton High School and this is her second year on The Watchdog staff. She plans on writing about a broad range of topics...
Nida Khan, Staff Writer
Nida Khan is a senior at C.D. Hylton Senior High School. This is her third year studying journalism and working on The Watchdog staff. She is excited to...
Hylton’s Student-Athlete Leadership Team and School Sports!
A Look Back to 2021 Homecoming Week
Required COVID-19 Vaccinations for Student-Athletes
NFL Draft Goes Virtual; Tune in at Home Beginning April 23
For the first time in history, the NFL draft will be held in a virtual format due to the Coronavirus pandemic and the resulting social distancing and ...
Pandemic Hits Sports Hard
Washington Nationals Capture First World Series Win
Home Field Advantage Holds Power for Football Players
Hylton Football Featured in WJLA’s Game of the Week
Hylton Game of the Week Pep Rally
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Stories of shared ministry from the Anglican-Roman Catholic dialogues
Joint effort puts archives under one roof
5 October 2019 • Persistent link: iarccum.org/?p=3570 •
Two dioceses in eastern Ontario — one Catholic and one Anglican — along with two religious orders are in talks to share one facility for all four entities’ archival records. It’s a project that some involved hope sets a precedent for future sharing between different faiths that are seeing declining numbers. “We hope this project will be trendsetting as an ecumenical archives project that relies heavily on partnerships of like-minded institutions,” said Veronica Stienburg, archivist for the Sisters of Providence of St. Vincent de Paul in Kingston, Ont.
The project would see the archives of the Archdiocese of Kingston, the Sisters of Providence, the Religious Hospitallers of St. Joseph and the Anglican Diocese of Ontario all moved into the closed Church of the Good Thief in Portsmouth Village area of Kingston. The church was closed by the archdiocese in 2013 due to the deteriorating condition of the building and a lack of clergy to staff it. The archdiocese wants to keep the building however, which was added to the Canadian Register of Historic Places in 2008. It has a heritage property designation from the City of Kingston and is protected by an Ontario Trust heritage easement. Readers of The Catholic Register may also remember it from the columns of the late Msgr. Thomas Raby, who was pastor there late in his life.
Ecumenical covenant for the Shrine of Our Lady of Walsingham
25 September 2018 • Persistent link: iarccum.org/?p=2970 •
At Solemn Vespers in the Shrine Church on Monday 24th September – the Feast of Our Lady of Walsingham – a new Covenant agreed between the Anglican and the Roman Catholic Shrines in Walsingham was announced and signed by Fr Kevin Smith (Priest Administrator of the Anglican Shrine) and Mgr John Armitage (Rector of the Roman Catholic Shrine). Messages from the Bishop of Norwich and the Bishop of East Anglia were read out to mark the occasion. This historic event was witnessed by visiting pilgrims and members of the local community.
Pope Francis to visit Anglican Church in Rome
21 February 2017 • Persistent link: iarccum.org/?p=2512 •
Pope Francis will make a historic visit to an Anglican Church in Rome on Sunday. He’ll join the congregation at the Church of England chaplaincy of All Saints for a short Choral Evensong service; it will include the blessing of a specially commissioned icon and the twinning of All Saints with the Catholic parish of Ognissanti, a Rome church with strong ecumenical ties. The event comes as part of the 200th anniversary celebrations for All Saints which began with a small group of worshippers holding the first Church of England liturgy on October 27th 1816. The current church, close to the Spanish steps, was built over half a century later, designed by one of the most famous British architects of the Victorian era, George Edmund Street. All Saints is the largest Anglican congregation in Italy and part of the [Church of England’s] Diocese in Europe. The church, led by its chaplain, Rev. Jonathan Boardman, and assistant chaplain, Rev. Dana English, was recently granted legal recognition from the Italian State. Diocesan Bishop Robert Innes will be welcoming Pope Francis, together with his suffragan Bishop David Hamid.
Uganda: Anglican, Roman Catholic Archbishops break ground for martyrs museum
28 May 2014 • Persistent link: iarccum.org/?p=1192 •
The Archbishop of Kampala, Cyprian Kizito Lwanga, together with his counterpart Stanley Ntangali, the Archbishop of the Church of Uganda, on Wednesday, broke the ground for the foundation of the Uganda Martyrs Museum estimated to cost sh36b. As part of the activities to commemorate the Uganda Martyrs Day due June 3, next week Tuesday, the Christian leaders, accompanied by several other bishops of both the Catholic and Anglican faiths, also paid homage to both the Catholic and Anglican martyrs’ shrines, located in Namugongo.
Archbishop Justin and Pope Francis back Anglican-Catholic anti-slavery and human trafficking initiative
17 March 2014 • Persistent link: iarccum.org/?p=1003 •
The Archbishop of Canterbury Justin Welby and Pope Francis have given their backing to a ground-breaking ecumenical initiative to combat modern slavery and human trafficking.
The agreement to help eradicate an injustice affecting up to 29 million people was co-signed on March 17th by the Archbishop of Canterbury’s Representative to the Holy See, Archbishop Sir David Moxon; the Chancellor of the Pontifical Academies of Science and Social Science, Bishop Sanchez Sorondo; Dr Mahmoud Azab on behalf of the Grand Imam of Al Azhar, Egypt; and Mr Andrew Forrest, the founder of the large international philanthropic anti-slavery organisation from Perth, Western Australia “Walk Free”.
The joint statement by the Global Freedom Network signatories, which underscores the searing personal destructiveness of modern slavery and human trafficking, calls for urgent action by all other Christian churches and global faiths. The Global Freedom Network is an open association and other faith leaders will be invited to join and support the initiative.
Anglicans, Roman Catholics and Muslims sign historic agreement to combat human trafficking, slavery
17 March 2014 • Persistent link: iarccum.org/?p=952 •
For the first time in history, Roman Catholics, Anglicans and Muslims have joined forces in a project to “inspire practical and spiritual action” to combat modern slavery and human trafficking.
High-level representatives from each faith community were at the Vatican today to sign an agreement launching the Global Freedom Network to help eradicate an injustice that affects up to 27 million people.
Pope Francis and Archbishop of Canterbury Justin Welby have personally given their backing to the newly-formed organisation that aims to eradicate slavery by encouraging governments, businesses, and educational and faith institutions to rid their supply chains of slave labour.
Their representatives, the Chancellor of the Pontifical Academies of Science and Social Science Monseigner Sanchez Sorondo and the Archbishop of Canterbury’s Representative to the Holy See Archbishop Sir David Moxon, signed the historic agreement at a media conference held in Rome this morning.
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ESRB: Teen
Number of Player(s): 1
Long ago, a dreadful war was fought between the Goddess and the Vile God.
Because they were equally matched, they both created a vast number of special
weapons imbued with their godly energy, each containing the life force of a fairy.
Armed with these weapons, the deities continued their conflict until they finally
sealed each other away into the great unknown. A long time has passed since this
ancient conflict, and the weapons created by the Goddess and the Vile God have
since been scattered across the world. These weapons—now known as
“Furies”—are highly sought after by warriors who call themselves “Fencers”.
Mugen Souls Z
Our favorite Undisputed God of the Universe, Chou-Chou, returns with her crew for a brand-new story revolving around the zodiac. Taking place immediately after the first game, you take control of the goddess Syrma, who meets Chou-Chou before the end of the first game’s events. Syrma is out to stop an ancient threat to her world that has recently awakened. 9999 levels of maniacal mishaps and ethereal adventures await Syrma, her crew, and hordes of Shampurus as Mugen Souls Z hits Western shores in 2014!
Notice: Due to the sensitive nature of some content, NIS America has decided to edit certain aspects of this title for its North American and European releases.
Hakuoki: Stories of the Shinsengumi
ESRB: Mature
Hakuoki: Stories of the Shinsengumi (released in Japan as Hakuoki Junsouroku), tells the tale of Chizuru, a young woman who finds herself fighting alongside the infamous Shinsengumi as competing factions war for control of Japan. In the midst of all this bloodshed and chaos, will Chizuru find love? With more than 40 hours of story content, including manga-style short stories set in modern day high school Japan, Hakuoki: Stories of the Shinsengumi gives fans a chance to delve deep into the mythos of this great series!
Hyperdimension Neptunia Victory
In this latest installment of the popular Hyperdimension Neptunia series, Neptune reprises her role as the self-aware main character and meets characters new and old after getting transported back to the ’80s version of Gamindustri. Prepare for a refined and even faster-paced battle system! Fans of the series will be able to immerse themselves even deeper into the mythos of Gamindustri with Hyperdimension Neptunia Victory.
Mugen Souls
There exists a small galaxy in the universe containing seven worlds, shimmering in seven colors… These worlds exist and act independent of one another. This has allowed them to develop and nurture rich, unique cultures. Then one day, a decree was sent out by the undisputed god, Chou-Chou… “I’m gonna make everything in each of these worlds bow to me!”
Mugen Souls features a free-roaming battle map, turn-based combat, and massive amounts of customization and growth to maximize the fun players can have with the game.
Record of Agarest War Zero
Genre: Strategy RPG
Long before Summerill and the gods of darkness were defeated in Record of Agarest War, another battle was fought across generations to save the world from evil. Record of Agarest War Zero takes you back to that ancient time…
The war between the forces of darkness and the forces of light, a conflict already many years old, has been fought to a stalemate. In the nation of Kraltarla, the forces of light hold back the evil hordes of darkness spilling from Findeste at the Scarred Mountains, but only just. In a desperate attempt to gain an advantage that could change the course of the war, the generals of the armies of light dispatch their loyal servant Sieghart, whom fate has seen fit to grant a strange and awesome power…
Record of Agarest War 2
One day, the world was enveloped by a mysterious blinding light. The destruction it caused was terrible, even as the light itself was sublime in its beauty, and it made those who witnessed the awesome display think of the unrestrained rage and fury of the divine.
The central continent, from where the light is believed to have originated from, went silent, while at the same time demons began to spread throughout the world like a plague. Amongst the survivors of the catastrophe, that fateful day became known as the “Day of Light.”
Hyperdimension Neptunia mk2
Return to the land of Gamindustri, which is facing its darkest time. Join the Console Patron Units’ sisters, the CPU Candidates, in this completely revamped and retuned parody RPG as they try to rescue their siblings and stop the revival of Arfoire, their world’s nemesis.
This unique RPG takes place in the hyperdimensional world of Gamindustri, where monsters summoned by the evil Arfoire run amock. Console Patron Units, who are personified video game companies and consoles, fight to protect this precious land. Follow Neptune, and her friends Compa and IF, in their quest to rescue the mysterious Histoire!
Record of Agarest War
War darkened the skies of Agarest. Not a simple war between mortals, easily ended by divine intervention, but a war that split the gods themselves. Armies such as the world had never seen before, and would never see again, clashed in the skies of Agarest, across its surface, and even in the caverns that wound their way through its interior.
As is the way in war, many died on both sides, gods and mortals alike, and the war left Agarest broken, blackened, and dead. The gods wept for their paradise, and in a final act of creation, sacrificed themselves to bring life back to its charred and twisted surface.
Although the gods are long dead, the withering darkness that began and fueled their war is not…
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History Flame
Events World History
Treaty of San Stefano 1878
September 10, 2021 September 8, 2021 Priyanka Sharma
Treaty of San Stefano of 1878 was a treaty between the Russian and Ottoman empires signed at San Stefano, then a village west of Constantinople (present-day İstanbul), on 3 March 1878 by Count Nicholas Pavlovich Ignatiev and Aleksandr Nelidov on behalf of the Russian Empire and by Foreign Minister Saffet Pasha and Ambassador to Germany Sadullah Bey on behalf of the Ottoman Empire.
According to the official Russian position, by signing the treaty, Russia had never intended anything more than a temporary rough draft, so as to enable a final settlement with the other Great Powers.
The treaty provided for the establishment of an autonomous Principality of Bulgaria following almost 500 years of Ottoman rule in the Bulgarian lands. Bulgarians celebrate the day the treaty was signed, 3 March 1878, as Liberation Day. However, enlarged Bulgaria envisioned by the treaty alarmed neighboring states as well as France and Great Britain. As a result, the enlargement was never implemented, being succeeded by the Treaty of Berlin following the Congress of the same name that took place three months later.
Effects of Treaty of San Stefano
On Bulgaria
The treaty established the autonomous self-governing Principality of Bulgaria, with a Christian government and the right to keep an army. Though still de jure tributary to the Ottomans, the Principality de facto functioned as an independent nation.
Its territory included the plain between the Danube and the Balkan mountain range (Stara Planina), the region of Sofia, Pirot, and Vranje in the Morava valley, Northern Thrace, parts of Eastern Thrace, and nearly all of Macedonia (Article 6).
Bulgaria would thus have had direct access to the Mediterranean. This carried the potential of Russian ships eventually using Bulgarian Mediterranean ports as naval bases – which the other Great Powers greatly disliked.
A prince elected by the people, approved by Ottoman Empire, and recognized by the Great Powers was to take the helm of the country (Article 7). A council of Bulgarian noblemen was to draft a constitution (also Article 7).
Ottoman troops were to withdraw from Bulgaria, while Russian troops would remain for two more years (Article 8).
According to Philip Roeder, the Treaty of San Stefano “transformed” Bulgarian nationalism, turning it from a disunited movement into a united one.
Montenegro, Serbia, and Romania
Under the treaty, Montenegro more than doubled its territory, acquiring formerly Ottoman-controlled areas including the cities of Nikšić, Podgorica, and Bar (Article 1), and the Ottoman Empire recognized its independence (Article 2).
Serbia gained the cities of Niš and Leskovac in Moravian Serbia and became independent (Article 3).
Turkey recognized the independence of Romania (Article 5). Romania gained Northern Dobruja from Russia (to which it was transferred from the Ottoman Empire) and ceded Southern Bessarabia in a forced exchange.
On Russia and the Ottoman Empire
In exchange for the war reparations, the Porte ceded Armenian and Georgian territories in the Caucasus to Russia, including Ardahan, Artvin, Batum, Kars, Olti, Beyazit, and Alashkert. Additionally, it ceded Northern Dobruja, which Russia returned to Romania in exchange for Southern Bessarabia (Article 19).
On other regions
The Vilayet of Bosnia (Bosnia and Herzegovina) was thought to become an independent province (Article 14), Crete, Epirus, and Thessaly were to get a limited form of local self-government (Article 15), while the Ottomans declared for their earlier-given promises to handle reforms in Armenia in order to protect the Armenians from abuse (Article 16).
The Straits — the Bosporus and the Dardanelles — were held open to all neutral ships in war and peacetime (Article 24).
Treaty of San Stefano In general
The Circassians of the newly released Balkan territories, which had been established there in 1864 following the Circassian genocide and had committed several atrocities against the Christian population of the region during the war, were to be expelled. This way, the Circassian minority in Dobruja disappeared.
Reaction on Treaty of San Stefano
The Great Powers, especially British Prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli, were unhappy with this extension of Russian power, and Serbia feared the establishment of Greater Bulgaria would harm its interests in former and remaining Ottoman territories. These reasons assisted the Great Powers to get a revision of the treaty at the Congress of Berlin and replace the Treaty of Berlin.
Romania, which had given significantly to the Russian victory in the war, was much disappointed by the treaty, and the Romanian public noticed some of its stipulations as Russia breaking the Russo-Romanian pre-war treaties that guaranteed the integrity of Romanian territory.
Austria-Hungary was dissatisfied with the treaty as it failed to expand its influence in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
The Albanians, dwelling in provinces controlled by the Ottoman Empire, objected to what they thought a significant loss of their territory to Serbia, Bulgaria, and Montenegro and understood they would have to organize nationally to attract the assistance of foreign powers seeking to neutralize Russia’s influence in the region. The implications of the treaty led to the formation of the League of Prizren.
In the “Salisbury Circular” of 1 April 1878, the British Foreign Secretary, Salisbury, made clear his and his government’s objections to the Treaty of San Stefano and the favorable position in which it left Russia.
According to British historian A. J. P. Taylor, writing in 1954,
“If the treaty of San Stefano had been maintained, both the Ottoman Empire and Austria-Hungary might have survived to the present day. The British, except for [Disraeli] in his wilder moments, had expected less and were therefore less disappointed. Salisbury wrote at the end of 1878 ‘We shall set up a rickety sort of Turkish rule again south of the Balkans. But it is a mere respite. There is no vitality left in them.'”
Equestrian Statue of Marcus Aurelius
December 16, 2021 December 16, 2021 Priyanka Sharma
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Dadoba Pandurang – Social Reformer
Death of Swami Vivekananda and the Hidden Reasons
Economic Life of Indus Valley Civilization
Pschent – The Double Crown of Unified Egypt
Hedjet – The White Crown of Upper Egypt
Biography Indian History Modern Indian History
Raja Rao Ram Baksh Singh
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Spanish writer, journalist and literary critic, Robert Saladrigas, Died at 78
Educator, Media, Writer
Robert Saladrigas Riera was born on February 12, 1940, in Barcelona and died on October 22, 2018, Barcelona.
He was a Catalan writer, journalist and literary critic.
Robert Saladrigas was renowned for his articles on foreign literature published in CULTURA/S, the literary supplement of La Vanguardia newspaper.
Saladrigas literary work has been translated into Spanish, Portuguese and Romanian.
Saladrigas began Economics studies but very soon switched to journalism and literature.
Robert Saladriga swas the writer for several newspapers: El Correo Catalán (ca), Tele/eXpres (ca), ABC and La Vanguardia (where he was in charge of the supplement Libros between 1981 and 1994) and collaborated with the magazines Siglo 20, Tele/Estel, Cavall Fort, Mundo and Destino.
During 1974, Robert Saladrigasfounded Edicions Galba, which he led until 1978.
Then from the year 1978 to 1984, Robert Saladrigas directed in the Catalan Circuit of TVE the cultural programmes Signes and Veus i formes, the five-episode novel Cambres Barrades and the series “Històries de Cara i Creu”, which consists of thirteen short stories.
Robert Saladrigas was in charge of and participated in other cultural programmes on Ràdio 4, Radio Peninsular, COM Ràdio (ca) and Catalunya Ràdio.
Robert Saladrigas passed away at 78 years old.
<< American sportscaster, Hank Greenwald, Died at 83 Argentine footballer and coach , José Varacka, Died at 86 >>
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Our Chorus
Super Sing!
Wanna Sing?
What is Barbershop?
- Our Chorus
- Our Director
- Super Sing!
- Wanna Sing?
- What is Barbershop?
- Photo Gallery
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Put simply, barbershop vocal harmony is a style of acappella singing, which means we sing without being accompanied by instruments.
How is it different from my church choir?
Most church choirs are accompanied by a musical instrument, whether it’s an organ, guitar, or piano there is usually some sort of instrumental accompaniment.
There are four voice parts in barbershop; bass, baritone, lead, and tenor. When each voice part is sung together a chord is rung.
That’s barbershop in a nutshell… for a more advanced explanation, we consult wikipedia:
“[barbershop is] characterized by consonant four-part cords for every melody note in predominantly homophonic texture.”
Traditionally, barbershop music is sung in the form of a barbershop quartet. Four vocalists who sing in one of those four voice parts, ringing cords together. Barbershop can also be sung in “choir-like” group with more than one singer representing a different voice part.
Well known quartets such as Max Q, or Vocal Spectrums, and choruses like The Vocal Majority, and the Heart of Harmony are all descendants of other well known groups; The Buffalo Bills and The Dapper Dans.
Barbershop singing goes back to as early as 1882 when African-American men would gather informally and sing. Later, barbershops were a gathering place, or community center for young men. To pass the time, the men gathered there would sing spirituals together, and this eventually moved out to the street to entertain the neighbors.
Barbershop was originally popular from around 1900 to 1919, and then saw a revival in 1938 when a man named Owen C. Cash worked to save the art form for future generations. Cash would go on to form the “Society for the Preservation and Encouragement of Barbershop Quartet Singing in America”, also known by its abbreviation “S.P.E.B.S.Q.S.A.” This grew into the Barbershop Harmony Society as it is known as today.
The Barbershop Harmony Society has grown to have over 23,000 members across North America, with over 80,000 members worldwide. In 2018 the Barbershop Harmony Society opened up it’s membership to anyone who would like to sing, regardless of gender. Ringing in a new era known as “Everyone in Harmony”.
As the original name promises, the Barbershop Harmony Society reaches out through programs like Youth in Harmony, and the Harmony Foundation, as well as spending over $1 million annually in order to bring the gift of harmony into people’s lives of the younger generations in; in order to preserve it’s heritage. For more information visit www.barbershop.org.
Wanna Sing?!*
Join us Monday nights – 7:00pm
Our Father Lutheran Church
6025 S. 27th St. Greenfield WI 53221
*No Experience Necessary!
info@hohchorus.org
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US Secretary of Energy to Address Energy Symposium
Secretary of Energy Steven Chu will speak on April 28, 2011, in Cook Auditorium. (photo courtesy of Steven Chu)
Steven Chu, United States Secretary of Energy, will be the keynote speaker at the third annual “Great Issues in Energy” symposium, “Energy Innovation and America’s Competitiveness,” hosted by Thayer School of Engineering on Thursday, April 28, 2011.
Chu is a distinguished scientist and co-winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1997. He has devoted his recent scientific career to the search for new solutions to global energy challenges. As Secretary of Energy, he is charged with helping implement President Obama’s agenda to invest in clean energy, reduce the country’s dependence on foreign oil, address the global climate crisis, and create new jobs.
Chu will give a public lecture from 4 to 5 p.m. in Cook Auditorium, which will be followed by a question and answer session from 5 to 6 p.m. and a reception at 6 p.m. For more information, see the Thayer News and Events site.
The melting is starting earlier, and the freezing is starting later.
Don Perovich, professor of engineering
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Latvia to join CERN as an Associate Member State
Representatives of CERN and of the Republic of Latvia signed an Agreement today admitting Latvia as a CERN Associate Member State
His Excellency Krišjānis Kariņš, Prime Minister Republic of Latvia and Fabiola Gianotti, CERN Director-General, on the occasion of the remote signature of the agreement between the Republic of Latvia and CERN granting the status of Associate Member State of CERN to the Republic of Latvia. (Image: CERN)
Representatives of CERN and the Republic of Latvia gathered in a virtual ceremony today to sign an Agreement admitting Latvia into the Organization as an Associate Member State. The Associate Membership will enter into force once CERN has been informed that all the necessary accession and ratification processes have been completed by Latvia. Latvia is the third of the Baltic States to join the CERN family after agreements were signed with Lithuania and Estonia in recent years.
“We are delighted to welcome Latvia as a new Associate Member State,” said Fabiola Gianotti, CERN Director-General, at the signing ceremony. “The present Agreement contributes to strengthening the ties between CERN and Latvia, thereby offering opportunities for the further growth of particle physics in Latvia through partnership in research, technological development and education.”
“As we become CERN’s newest Associate Member State, we look forward to enhancing our contribution to the Organization’s major scientific endeavours, as well as to investing the unparalleled scientific and technological excellence gained by this membership in further building the economy and well-being of our societies,” said Krišjānis Kariņš, Latvia’s Prime Minister. “Over the last years, the Latvian scientific community has already participated in various CERN projects, and now the status of CERN Associate Member State will allow us to cooperate closer on advancing the scientific excellence of Europe.”
Latvia became involved in CERN activities in the early 1990s and has participated, through its leading research institutions, in activities spanning accelerator and detector technology, power electronics, robotics, data processing and other domains. In 1996, this involvement led to a contribution, through the country’s Institute of Electronics and Computer Science, to the Hadron Calorimeter of the CMS detector, one of the four main experiments at CERN’s flagship accelerator, the Large Hadron Collider (LHC).
A series of agreements in the 2010s, including a Framework Collaboration Agreement in 2012 and a Cooperation Agreement in 2016, intensified and formalised the relations between CERN and Latvia. Riga Technical University (RTU) joined the study group for the Future Circular Collider in 2015 and a consortium of the University of Latvia and RTU then joined the CMS collaboration in 2017. This framework also provided opportunities for Latvian researchers to participate in CERN’s activities through PhD theses and project associateships.
As an Associate Member State, Latvia will be entitled to appoint representatives to attend meetings of the CERN Council and Finance Committee. Its nationals will be eligible for limited-duration staff positions and fellowships, and its industry will be entitled to bid for CERN contracts, increasing opportunities for industrial collaboration in advanced technologies.
member stateInternational relationshistory of cernLatvia
Council delegates visit new High-Luminosity L...
Poland celebrates 30 years of CERN membership
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the hoopoe blog
About Hoopoe
Hoopoe - An imprint of AUC Press
Stories from the Middle East
Embrace on Brooklyn Bridge
Ezzedine C. Fishere
Translated by John Peate
Buy Embrace on Brooklyn Bridge
On the eve of Salma’s twenty-first birthday, scattered friends and family converge on New York for a celebration organized by Darwish, her obstinate grandfather. Each guest’s journey to this fated gathering takes on an unexpected significance, as they find themselves revisiting the choices they have made in life, and rethinking their relationships with one another and the country in which they live.
Traveling seamlessly between Egypt and the United States, Embrace on Brooklyn Bridge is a story about how we construct and shift our identities, and about a family’s search for home.
"Embrace on Brooklyn Bridge is a remarkable novel for its style, its plot, and its reach into the experience of straddling two worlds and two states of being."
—Banipal
"Taking his literary career to new heights . . . Fishere’s characters defy expectations."
—Egypt Independent
"A deeper view of the world of Arabs abroad . . . [Brooklyn] represents the symbol of Arab immigrants without carrying their usual stereotypical qualities ... Fishere offers no simple solutions to his characters and doesn't try to preach in one way or another, but rather to flash a light on a different dimension and let his heroes do the talking."
—Al-Ahram Online
"A beautiful, unique novel."
—Gamal al-Ghitani, author of Zayni Barakat
"Traveling between Cairo and New York, Embrace on Brooklyn Bridge is a story of Arab–American life, and of a family’s search for home."
—Marcia Lynx Qualey, Arabic Literature (in English) Blog
"Fishere’s method movingly teases out the spaces between belonging and forced, awkward fits, and the result is certain to endure in the reader’s consciousness . . . . [Embrace on Brooklyn Bridge] is Mrs. Dalloway for an age when conversations about immigration, particularly from Arab nations, dominate—a gripping portrait of the tenuous spaces that marginalized populations are made to occupy, and a searing examination of the struggle to belong.”
—Foreword Reviews
Ezzedine C. Fishere is an acclaimed Egyptian writer, academic, and diplomat. He has written numerous successful and bestselling novels and he also writes political articles for Arabic, English, and French news outlets. He currently teaches at Dartmouth College in the US, where he lives.
John Peate has studied Arabic in Algeria, Morocco, Egypt, Syria, and Oman, as well in the UK, and has a PhD in Arabic linguistics. He has translated numerous authors’ works, has been a university teacher and a BBC journalist, and now works for the US Embassy in London as a media analyst.
$14.95 / £9.99 / LE200
Reading with… Ezzedine C. Fishere
Shelf Awareness, a widely-circulated ,US-based online newsletter about books, recently interviewed the Egyptian novelist Ezzedine C. Fishere, author of Embrace on Brooklyn Bridge, translated by John P…
“I can’t write in New York or in Cairo.”—Ezzedine Fishere
Ezzedine C. Fishere is an acclaimed Egyptian writer, academic, and diplomat. He has written numerous successful and bestselling novels and he also writes political articles for Arabic, English, and Fr…
Questioning the writer’s political dimension
It is difficult to describe Asian and Middle Eastern languages and literatures professor Ezzedine Fishere’s career in just a few words. As an Egyptian diplomat, he served as a political advisor to sev…
The Open Door
Latifa al-Zayyat
February 1946: Cairo is engulfed by demonstrations against the British. Layla’s older brother Mahmud returns, wounded in the clashes, and the events of that fateful day mark a turning point in her lif … continued
Menorahs and Minarets
Kamal Ruhayyim
After ten years in Paris, Galal returns to Cairo, where he finds a society in transformation. Egypt is Galal’s home, but he feels he no longer belongs there. He is caught between his two identities: h … continued
No Road to Paradise
Hassan Daoud
In a small Lebanese village a disillusioned imam, diagnosed with terminal cancer, must face his demons. Having consented to an arranged marriage, he has found himself in a loveless union and lusts aft … continued
Hoopoe is a new imprint for engaged, open-minded readers hungry for outstanding fiction that challenges headlines, re-imagines histories, and celebrates original storytelling.
We’re seeking fresh writing from Marrakesh to Baghdad and Khartoum to Aleppo for adventurous readers everywhere. From historical epics, social satire, police procedurals, and stories of the future Middle East: we will publish the exciting and the unexpected.
Visit the website of The American University in Cairo Press
© American University in Cairo Press 2022|Website made by Bookswarm
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The Tale of Hero Alice's Social Death (Pantsu Hero Alice)
PHA - Chapter 43 - Demon King's Power
Flaman was in a bad mood.
Originally, Flaman thought he had found himself a bona fide diviner. However, it turned out that this "diviner" was nothing but a swindling womanizer. When Flaman thought about how such a rotten bastard had been living within his manor for the past few months, he couldn't help but feel annoyed.
Fortunately, although the quack diviner had pretty good looks, he did not fit the label of "cute." Thus, Heris did not fall for his charms and was only curious about his divination abilities.
Under Flaman's pressure, the quack diviner quickly admitted that he had been relying on his fake divinations to woo several of the manor's maids. So, as punishment, Flaman assigned the swindler to the coldest region in the demon realm to grow potatoes for the rest of his life.
Although Flaman had his mood ruined by the fake diviner, he instantly felt his heart healed when he saw that Heris, his most beloved daughter, had returned home. Moreover, Heris had also brought with her a person who could potentially influence the status quo between the human and demon realms—the new generation's Demon King. Thus, even if Flaman was in a bad mood, he couldn't reveal it right now.
"You're back, Heris?"
Flaman smiled when he saw Heris entering the room. Then, like how Davis previously reacted, Flaman immediately shifted his gaze toward the petite figure standing beside Heris and revealed a complicated expression.
It couldn't be helped. Alice's appearance made it difficult for anyone to believe that she was the Demon King. After all, Alice's blonde hair and white-blue dress made her look very much like a young lady originating from a noble house in the human realm. Even if Flaman had already heard from Heris that this cute girl was the new Demon King, he still had difficulty believing it.
"So, this person is…the new Demon King?"
Flaman had a headache as he looked at Alice's small frame. He was feeling much more perplexed than he was dealing with the stammering diviner just now.
Initially, when Flaman heard from Heris that she had witnessed Alice shattering the radioactive crystal and was certain that Alice was the new Demon King, he had already decided to believe Heris's judgment even if the other party was a little girl who looked nothing like a Demon King. However, now that he saw Alice in person, he found himself doubting his daughter's judgment.
Alice's appearance differed far too much from the Demon Kings mentioned in historical records. Not to mention, Flaman couldn't sense any strength hidden within Alice's body.
Originally, when Heris said that Alice couldn't unleash the Demon King's Power, Flaman thought what her daughter meant was that Alice couldn't properly use the Demon King's Power within her body. Yet, now, it didn't seem as if Alice couldn't use the Demon King's Power. Instead, it looked as if the Demon King's Power didn't even exist within her body.
"Yeah. She's cute, right?"
Heris didn't notice the subtle look on Flaman's face. Instead, she introduced Alice to her father just like she did to Davis—she pulled Alice to her front and introduced Alice just like she was introducing a pet. Seeing this scene further increased the uncertainty in Flaman's heart. After all, that was the Demon King they were talking about. How could the Demon King let her daughter toy with her like a pet?
If Alice was indeed the Demon King, Flaman would naturally be happy that her daughter shared such a close relationship with the new Demon King. However, the question now was whether Alice really was the Demon King or not.
Based on the demon race's characteristics, it was possible for a strong individual to accept and converse with a weaker individual. However, most of the past Demon Kings were not friendly people. Seeing that Alice's behavior contrasted significantly with the behavior of past Demon Kings, Flaman felt the need to verify Alice's identity.
"Heris, you should be tired after the long trip, right?" Flaman asked.
At this time, Alice had also noticed the strangeness in Flaman's expression, and she probably knew what was going through the Heavenly King of Fire's mind. Alice wasn't an oblivious fellow like Heris, so she quickly understood that Flaman was trying to validate her identity. Hence, she looked to Heris and said, "You should go rest first. I'll have a chat with your father in the meantime."
"That… Okay, then."
After hesitating for a moment, Heris agreed with Alice's suggestion. Although she wanted to remain with Alice, the energizing magic's effects were running out soon. So, she needed to start making up for her lack of sleep.
Not to mention, although Heris was a little slow on the uptake, she wasn't an idiot. She knew that a serious conversation between the Demon King and one of the Four Heavenly Kings would involve important secrets. Thus, after taking a look at Alice, Heris reluctantly left the room together with Davis.
"Have a seat. Let's have a proper chat between the two of us," Flaman courteously said.
Unlike what Alice expected, Flaman did not behave irritably like she thought he would. Although his wheat-colored skin and bulky body gave him the appearance of someone who had muscles for brains, he was a surprisingly calm person in reality.
After seeing Alice taking a seat across from him, Flaman picked up the pot of tea on the table, grabbed a new cup from his desk drawer, and started pouring a cup of tea for Alice. Then, he placed the tea before Alice and said, "Don't worry. It hasn't been long since I boiled this pot of tea."
Alice did not respond. She didn't pick up the hot cup of tea, either. Instead, she looked at Flaman and waited for him to start talking business.
"It seems you understand my intentions as well, so let me get straight to the point." Looking at the tea on the table, Flaman paused for a moment before saying, "I, Flaman Agaras, am a rather amiable demon. So long as someone has a useful ability and can tell me about it, I am willing to offer them a good job suited for them. Moreover, unlike the other three lunatics, I am much better at listening to others. Thus, most of my subordinates trust in me as well… However, what I cannot tolerate is for others to lie to me about their abilities. Do you get me?"
Alice came to a realization. She recalled Heris mentioning that she had gone to Demon King City because of a diviner's words. She also recalled Davis saying that this diviner had been sent to work at the border. Combining these two points with what Flaman just said, she deduced that the diviner in question wasn't the real deal but a charlatan who had just gotten lucky instead. Meanwhile, Flaman had probably found out about the diviner's lie after calling the diviner to meet him. Then, out of anger, Flaman sent the fake diviner to work at the border.
"So, you wish to see if I am the real Demon King."
Alice nodded. She found this situation completely reasonable. Flaman was one of the Four Heavenly Kings, after all. There was no way he could tolerate being under someone who he didn't even know was the real Demon King or not. This matter was made worse by her appearance that looked nothing like a Demon King.
However, this situation was good news to Alice. After all, if nobody believed that she was the Demon King even after she confessed it herself, so long as she kept her mouth shut, it was even less likely that anyone would think that she was the Demon King-cum-Hero.
"Yes. I heard from Alice that you don't have perfect control over the Demon King's Power… However, honestly speaking, I can't feel an ounce of power inside your body. Even your mana is ridiculously scarce. It's as if you don't have mana at all," Flaman said, narrowing his eyes. "So, it's only reasonable that I'm doubtful, right? Lord Demon King?"
"Indeed, that is the case. How do you want me to prove myself, then?"
"Since Heris says that you can only use the Demon King's Power at certain times, we'll conduct a test once you feel like you can use the Demon King's Power," Flaman said. Then, tapping a finger against the table, he continued, "You can come to find me whenever you feel like you're ready. If you are the Demon King, I will naturally be willing to take responsibility for my suspicion over you. I will serve as your pawn and be the first to lead the invasion into the human realm. But if you are not the Demon King…"
"I understand."
Alice didn't ask what would happen if she wasn't the Demon King. It definitely wouldn't be anything good, in any case.
However, Alice had nothing to fear. She currently had two pairs of black panties in her pouch still. In other words, she could use the "Demon King's Power" two more times. They were already more than enough to prove her identity to Flaman.
"Let's do the test now, then. I feel that I can use the Demon King's Power right now."
Hellscythe's Notes:
Other novels I translate on Hosted Novel:
After Being Bent By Reader (ABBR)(GL)
Reincarnation of the Strongest Sword God (Side Stories)
Miss Cousin is Always Busy (MCAB)(Yuri, Quick Transmigration)
Written by H Loli. Translated by Hellscythe.
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Davis Marks/Chronicle
Members of the Jewish Families Alliance light candles while saying a prayer during Shabbat dinner.
Davis Marks
The Jewish Families Alliance (JFA) hosted its third teen Friday night Shabbat dinner Dec. 10. In addition to Shabbat dinners, JFA hosts a variety of other events to provide Jewish students and families with a community that allows them to connect with Jewish heritage and culture as well as with each other, according to JFA co-leader Gabe Glassman ’22.
After arriving, members gathered at the table to recite prayers over the candles, grape juice and challah before dining on an assorted potluck.
Glassman said hosting Shabbat dinners are a meaningful way for the group to continue to connect. He said he also enjoys being able to have fun with people he has not been able to get to know through other activities.
“I think it’s important for us to continue having Shabbat dinners consistently so we can get closer together as a group,” Glassman said. “Also, these dinners are very fun, and it is always amazing to have new people come out and enjoy dinner with us.”
After JFA members finished dining, they held a white elephant gift exchange. This exchange is similar to Secret Santa, but instead of purchasing individualized gifts for eachother, players choose a gift from a pile on their turn that can be stolen later on by a different person.
Zach Berg ’22 attended the event and said he feels the Shabbat dinners are an opportunity to celebrate Jewish culture. He says he has been eager to go in order to feel more connected to his family heritage.
“I think it’s important that there’s a space where we can all gather once a month and just partake in the traditions that we share,” Berg said. “I personally attend because I have never been super religious in the past and feel it is necessary to connect deeper with my heritage.”
Sam Volokh ’22 attended the dinner and said he finds Shabbat dinners to be a great way to spend time with the people he shares traits in common with whom he otherwise would not spend as much time with.
“I thought that the Shabbat dinner was great,” Volokh said. “It’s always really fun to be with a group of people who I might not be very close to, but who I truly do have a lot in common with, and I think that [Shabbat] dinners such as this one are great ways to do so.”
Annual Community Service Week takes place
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Roland Sachsenhofer
Silent into battle: the DFS 230
1/72 DFS DFS 230 RS Models
Gliding had always played a special role in Germany from the pioneering days of aviation. however, in connection with the military build-up of the Nazi regime, the beauty of silent flying was soon to be overshadowed by the military instrumentalisation of soaring.
About the DFS 230
After the end of the war in 1918, when the Allied victorious powers banned all motorised flying in Germany, gliding not only provided a legal loophole but also an opportunity to express opposition to the rigid regulations of the victorious powers. Popularised in this way, gliding enjoyed great attention in Germany in the 1920s. Numerous best performances and records soon testified to the technical and aeronautical mastery of the engineers and pilots involved.
The DFS (German Research Institute for Gliding), which emerged in 1927 from the "Rhön-Rossitten Society", an association of leading aviation pioneers and engineers, must also be seen against the background of this charged enthusiasm for gliding.
The research work of DFS was divided into several institutes; prominent among them were the departments for the development of flying-wing aircraft, which was headed for many years by Alexander Lippisch, and the department for the development of gliding, which was directed by Hans Jacobs, the person who was to initiate the design of DFS 230.
The fields of work of other institutes are also interesting: the development of flight instruments, the testing of aerotow or the possibilities of aerial refuelling were dealt with in separate departments.
The ban on the development of military aircraft prepared the ground for unconventional ideas - and the military had quickly become aware of the potential of silent glider flight. The common interest developed into a lively cooperation between the Luftwaffe, which was interested in innovations, and the busy research centre DFS.
In October 1936, a wooden mock-up of a cargo glider for transporting nine airborne soldiers was completed, and the first flight of the glider, now called DFS 230, took place as early as 1937. In spring 1940, the first series of the DFS 230 was delivered, just in time for the start of the "Western campaign".
The DFS 230 essentially consisted of a tubular steel frame covered with fabric, to which single-spar wings of great aspect ratio were attached. Their leading edges were covered with plywood. A special feature was the jettisonable landing gear, which was only used for take-off. Landing, on the other hand, was always done on a large spring-loaded skid mounted centrally under the fuselage.
The nine airborne soldiers sat close together on a padded bench in the direction of flight. After landing, they exited through two large openings in the fuselage - the term "doors" would be misleading here - and through the pilot's canopy, which opened to the right.
Later DFS 230s had two machine guns to support the air landing and for self-protection. One was fixed in the direction of flight, the second was operated by a gunner in a dramatic pose - he stood with his upper body behind and above the pilot, open in the wind.
Brake rockets mounted on the nose and a brake chute mounted on the tail and still open in the air were also used to shorten the landing distance. The effect of these brute braking methods can hardly be imagined dramatically enough!
The DFS 230 could, apart from the brake rockets and brake chute, offer quite respectable flight performance. With a length of 11.24 m and a wingspan of 21.98 m, the glider took to the air with a maximum take-off weight of 2100 kg. The maximum towing speed is given as 210 km/h, and the glide ratio 12 (fully loaded) also lets the DFS 230 compare favourably with other military cargo gliders.
The high stakes with the surprise potential of novel methods of aerial warfare were to pay off. The first major operation of the DFS 230 was also one of the most famous: the landing and capture of the Belgian blocking fort Eben Emael on 10 and 11 May established the fame of German airborne troops as well as that of the DFS 230. Embedded in the operations of the "Blitzkriege", which was so successful for the German side, the DFS 230 proved itself as a workhorse of airmobile units. It was not until the disastrous losses of the landing on Crete in May 41 that it became clear that the time of successful airborne operations in their previous form was coming to an end.
With the emergence of the "Eastern Front", operational areas soon emerged that posed new challenges to airborne units. The relatively small-scale operations of days gone by receded into the background, while logistics and the maintenance of supplies came to the fore. The DFS 230 was now joined by other cargo gliders that could serve with a much larger cargo volume, designed not only to transport troops but also to move bulky goods.
However, the DFS 230 remained a fixed component in the arsenal of the airborne units, even if it was increasingly used for transport tasks in addition to attack operations. An exception to this rule was the liberation of the "Duce" imprisoned on the Gran Sasso. Once again, the DFS 230 was to shine in a role that was tailor-made for it.
My model shows a DFS of Luftlandegeschwader 1 as it was used on the "Eastern Front" in 1943. The markings are taken from the RS Models kit.
The content of the kit offers a quite good basis to build a respectable DFS 230. The sprues of the plastic parts turn out a bit stubby, which can lead to difficulties in separating the numerous small and fine parts.
I would like to judge the fitting accuracy as quite good. However, some parts are cast quite washed out; this applies for example to the representation of the tow release but also to larger parts such as the tailplane. In summary, I can say that almost every part needed a certain amount of finishing before it could be installed.
This led to me replacing individual parts completely. So I used scratched parts from the spare parts box for the tow release, the pitot tubes could be made out of wire, and the two brackets at the wing tips were exchanged for self-made ones. After the connection of the wings to the fuselage seemed to be too weak, I put metal pins and corresponding holes to make a more durable connection.
The fin was treated in a similar way. Here, however, the brass pins do not serve to increase stability, but are intended to increase the degree of realism: on the original, the fin is held at a distance from the fuselage with two struts. Unfortunately, this is not taken into account in the kit.
Although the DFS 230 from RS Models presents a certain challenge, it rewards the modeler's invested perseverance and improvisational skills with high show value and an unusual piece of aircraft history in the display case!
23 additional images. Click to enlarge.
Michel Verschuere
Michel Verschuere said on May 25, 2021
Beautifuld build and paint scheme! The fortress of Eben Emael in Belgium was raided using gliders in the early hours of May 10th 1940. The capture of the fortress overlooking the Meuse basin allowed mobile formations to enter the low countries on their way to the Channel coast. Well done Roland!
Bernard Bedeur
Bernard Bedeur said on May 25, 2021
At last a Glider featured here !
The line up of the 3 main gliders of WW2 is really good to see in comparison.
As an ex Para I learned there were only 2 successful airborne operations in history.
Meaning the soldiers did not get scattered after landing And able to use the surprise element to the fullest .
Ében-Emael and Stanleyville 1964.
One in Belgium, the other done by Belgians !
Nice work. Thank you for showing.
Robert Royes said on May 25, 2021
Great color scheme ,super job, on all three.
George Williams said on May 25, 2021
Amazing history, it just goes to show how human ingenuity will always find a way round rules and regulations. Your modelling skills also managed to complete what looks like a "difficult" kit. Definitely liked.
John vd Biggelaar
John vd Biggelaar said on May 26, 2021
Great glider and ditto scheme, Roland.
Very tiny compared to the Horsa.
History is written by those operations.
Spiros Pendedekas said on May 26, 2021
This is your usual wonderful model, Roland!
Apart from the excellent build, I love the camo rendition, as well!
Tom Cleaver said on May 26, 2021
Another really interesting model, Roland. And done to your usual standard of excellence.
Roland Sachsenhofer said on May 26, 2021
Thank you very much for your answers - I really appreciate this motivation and your interest!
Greg Kittinger said on May 26, 2021
I didn't realize how small it was until compared with the other gliders. Looks like a precursor to the U2! Nicely done - a cool subject.
DE4EVER
DE4EVER said on May 27, 2021
🙂 ... Greetings ... 🙂 :
A very stunning and elegant model of this rarely seen glider.
The camouflage scheme does a fine job on setting this one apart from the rest,
really nice work Roland.
CBI Colts
1/32nd scale Spitfire PRXIX PS853 of the Meteorological Flight, RAF Woodvale, 1953.
Visiting the CAF Hellcat "Minsi III"
1/48th Boeing B-52H Stratofortress - update
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Man Sentenced to 36 Years in Prison for Sex Trafficking Multiple Victims
Written by Justice Department
Lexington, Kentucky - Prince Bixler, 41, of Lexington, Kentucky, was sentenced Wednesday by U.S. District Court Judge Robert E. Wier to 36 years in prison followed by 10 years of supervised release and ordered to pay $333,100 in restitution to three sex trafficking victims.
In September 2020, a federal jury convicted Bixler of 15 federal felonies related to his extensive and violent sex and drug trafficking operation that forced young, drug-addicted women to prostitute and sell crack cocaine, heroin, and methamphetamines throughout the Lexington area. Specifically, the jury convicted Bixler of three counts of sex trafficking by force, fraud, or coercion, two counts of tampering with a witness, victim or an informant, one count of operating an unlawful prostitution business enterprise, six counts of distributing controlled substances including crack cocaine, heroin, and methamphetamine, and three counts of being a felon in possession with a firearm.
“Prince Bixler cruelly used violence to create a climate of fear to coerce his victims, while at the same time he increased their dependence on him by exploiting and furthering their serious drug addictions,” said Principal Deputy Assistant Attorney General Pam Karlan. “Human trafficking shatters the lives of those it impacts, leaving lasting physical and mental scars. There can be no place in our society for this conduct and I hope that today’s sentence brings some measure of justice to the victims while it also prevents Prince Bixler from harming others in the future.”
“Prince Bixler preyed on vulnerable women, to operate a prostitution enterprise and sell illegal drugs in our community,” said Acting U.S. Attorney Carlton S. Shier IV for the Eastern District of Kentucky. “His conduct caused enduring physical and emotional damage to these women, and further spread the devastation of highly addictive and dangerous drugs. We will continue to do our part in identifying, prosecuting, and punishing those who engage in human trafficking. The despicable conduct in this case justifies those efforts, and certainly warrants the punishment the Court has imposed.”
“Mr. Bixler was simply a predator in our community. This sentencing is a success in the fight against those who exploit the vulnerable and illustrates our dedication to bring these criminals to justice,” said Special Agent in Charge James “Robert” Brown Jr., FBI Louisville Field Office. “We are also grateful to our law enforcement partners, especially the ATF, the Lexington Police Department, the Justice Department's Civil Rights Division, and the Eastern District of Kentucky’s U.S. Attorney’s Office for their unwavering efforts not only in this investigation, but in our continued fight to disrupt and dismantle human trafficking networks throughout the region.”
“Prince Bixler exploited women with physical violence and drugs while peddling illicit and deadly narcotics throughout the Lexington community,” said Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF) Special Agent in Charge R. Shawn Morrow of the Louisville Field Division. “Frequently these felons use firearms to further their violent, criminal activities. ATF is committed to investigating and arresting these felons and finding justice for their known and unknown victims.”
Evidence presented at trial, including the testimony of three victims, established that defendant Prince Bixler compelled three victims into prostitution between 2013 and March 2018 by physically assaulting them and others to create a climate of fear and intimidation. He exploited their dependence on crack cocaine or heroin, using it to worsen their addictions and to keep them around him. The defendant also sold crack cocaine, heroin, and methamphetamine throughout the Lexington area to numerous customers. When the Lexington Police Department executed a search warrant at the defendant’s residence in March 2018, they recovered numerous firearms. The defendant, a convicted felon, was prohibited from possessing these and other firearms.
As the investigation into the defendant’s illegal conduct continued throughout 2018 into 2019, he became aware that multiple potential witnesses were subpoenaed to testify before a federal grand jury in Lexington. The defendant threatened one witness with physical violence in an attempt to dissuade her from testifying truthfully before the grand jury. The defendant also repeatedly called and harassed another witness on the eve of her scheduled grand jury appearance in an attempt to prevent her from testifying truthfully before the grand jury.
Principal Deputy Assistant Attorney General Pam Karlan for the Department of Justice’s Civil Rights Division; Acting U.S. Attorney Carlton S. Shier IV for the Eastern District of Kentucky; James Robert Brown Jr., Special Agent in Charge, FBI Louisville Field Office; R. Shawn Marrow, Special Agent in Charge, ATF, Louisville Field Division; and Chief Lawrence Weathers, Lexington Police Department, jointly announced the sentence. This case was investigated by the Lexington FBI office, the Lexington ATF office, and the Lexington Police Department. It was prosecuted by Assistant U.S. Attorney Hydee Hawkins for the Eastern District of Kentucky and Special Litigation Counsel Matthew Grady for the Civil Rights Division’s Human Trafficking Prosecution Unit.
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Introduction to Bacteriology Unit
. Last Updated: 20 April 2016Hits: 18656
The Bacteriology Unit was established in 1900 along with the establishment of the Institute for Medical Research. During the early years of establishment, bacteriological work was mainly on addressing the microbiogical quality of the natural waters of the country and routine diagnostic bacteriology.
Over the years, the Unit gradually evolved into a research unit. During the progress, some achievements have been made. To name a few are the establishment of Bacillus mallei as the causative agent of melioidosis (which was later known as Burkholderia psudomallei ) by Whitmore, Fletcher and Stanton, the pathologists of the Institute (1917); isolation of the antibiotic-producing mould, Streptomyces, from Malaysian soils (1951); and the discovery of actinonim, an antibiotic (1961). Another major achievement made by the Unit was the development of indirect immunoperoxidase test for the laboratory diagnosis of scrub typhus (1985).
The Unit is now focused on the research of infectious diseases and the causative organisms. Molecular biology techniques which include peptide synthesis and recombinant proteins, DNA probes and DNA hybridization and amplification technique such as polymerase chain reaction and pulsed field gel electrophoresis, are coming to fore as research tools and are used to supplement the traditional tools such as culture, serotyping and phage typing which have had their own limitations.
The Unit is recognized by WHO as the National Salmonella Reference Center. The Unit is also the Centre for Culture Colllection since 1970 and it is the focal point for National Surveillance on Antibiotic Resistance.
Introduction to Infectious Disease Research Centre (IDRC)
Objectives of Infectious Disease Research Centre (IDRC)
Acarology Unit
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Virology Unit
Introduction to Virology Unit
Objectives of Virology Unit
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Indian economy grew 7.2% in 2018-19, likely to top at 7.5%: World Bank - Indica news
Indian economy grew 7.2% in 2018-19, likely to top at 7.5%: World Bank
Spotlight June 5, 2019 indica
Arul Louis-
As Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman prepares her budget, the World Bank reports Indias economy grew by 7.2 per cent in 2018-19 in contrast to the recent Indian Central Statistical Office (CSO) estimate of only 6.8 per cent growth during the period.
The Bank’s Economic Prospects Report released on Tuesday forecast India’s economy to grow by 7.5 per cent during this and the next two fiscal years, retaining its top spot as the fastest growing major economy. It would be helped by a “more accommodative monetary policy” and low inflation, it said.
The report retained the forecasts it made in January for India.
India’s growth forecast is the brightest spot in a grim forecast for the world economy. The report said that the global growth rate was estimated at 3 per cent last year and is forecast to dip steeply to 2.6 per cent this year, before edging up to 2.7 per cent next year and 2.8 per cent in 2021.
India “is estimated to have grown 7.2 per cent in fiscal year 2018-19, which ended March 31”, the report said. “A slowdown in government consumption was offset by solid investment, which benefited from public infrastructure spending”.
The Bank said that the cut-off dates for data used in the report was May 23.
On May 31, the CSO said that India’s gross domestic product (GDP) growth during the 2018-19 fiscal stood at 6.8 per cent, lower than the previous year’s 7.2 per cent.
The CSO said the Indian economy grew by only 5.8 per cent in the fourth quarter. That dragged down the fiscal year’s growth rate.
Finance Secretary Subash Garg attributed the slowdown to “temporary factors like stress in non-banking financial company (NBFC) sector affecting consumption finance”.
The World Bank report said, “Growth in India is projected to accelerate to 7.5 percent in FY 2019-20.”
“Private consumption and investment will benefit from strengthening credit growth in an environment of more accommodative monetary policy, and with inflation below the Reserve Bank of India’s target”, it added.
Growth projections for India made by different organisations vary a lot. Last month, UN downgraded India’s growth rate for the current fiscal year to 7 per cent, a cut of 0.6 per cent from the projection made in January and reduced the forecast for the next fiscal year by 0.4 per cent to 7.1 per cent. It estimated last fiscal year’s growth rate to be 7.2 per cent.
In April, the IMF cut India’s growth projections for this year by 0.2 per cent from the 7.5 per cent made in January to 7.3 per cent. It projected next year’s growth at 7.5 per cent, though lower than the earlier 7.7 projection.
The Asian Development Bank said in April that India’s growth rate would be 7.2 per cent this year and 7.3 per cent next year.
China’s economy grew by 6.6 per cent last year and is forecast to grow by 6.2 per cent this year and further decelerate to 6.1 per cent next year and 6 per cent in 2021, the World Bank said.
Pakistan was estimated to have grown by 5.2 per cent last year, but is forecast to steeply decline to 3.4 per cent this year and 2.7 per cent next year, before recovering to 4 per cent in 2021, according to the report.
This despite “financial assistance from Gulf countries and China and an International Monetary Fund programme (that) have helped rebuild confidence”, it said.
Last year, the report said, Bangladesh recorded a growth rate of 7.9 per cent — the highest of all nations, regardless of size, although with a GDP of only about $250 billion, or less than a tenth of India’s, it is not considered a major economy. Bangladesh’s growth is forecast to fall to 7.3 per cent this year, the Bank reported. It is forecast to rise to 7.4 per cent next year and dip to 7.3 per cent in 2021.
Commenting on the global economic outlook, World Bank Group President David Malpass said, “Current economic momentum remains weak, while heightened debt levels and subdued investment growth in developing economies are holding countries back from achieving their potential. It’s urgent that countries make significant structural reforms that improve the business climate and attract investment”.
The Bank report added several notes of caution for India and the South Asia region. “Fiscal deficits continue to exceed official targets in India and Pakistan, and supply bottlenecks and business climate obstacles could hold back investment potential in the region,” it said.
“In addition, non-performing assets in the region remain high. A sharper-than expected deceleration of growth in major economies or an intensification of trade frictions could have spillover effects for the region,” the report added.
It is also an oil importer at risk from vagaries of the oil market.
Brexit also poses another risk to the region, it said: “A number of economies have preferential trade arrangements with the UK, and would be vulnerable to a turbulent UK exit from the European Union.”
domestic product (GDP), World Bank Group President David Malpass
How are you, Tim Apple? Indian student asks Cook
Harris Promises an Executive Order to Regulate Gun Laws and Gabbard Discusses the Consequences of War at the CA Democratic Convention
World Bank hires State Bank of India’s Kant as new managing director and CFO
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« TikTok Will Now Collect “Faceprints And Voiceprints”….. WTF?
Intel Is Screwed Because Of Apple Silicon…. And Intel Knows It »
Trump Ban From Facebook To Last 2 Years Says Facebook
It seems that Facebook is going to keep former President Donald Trump off of their platforms for 2 years. That’s all the way through January 2023 which means that assuming that he stays out of jail, and he behaves himself, he’ll be able to get back onto Facebook in time to take another run at being president:
We are today announcing new enforcement protocols to be applied in exceptional cases such as this, and we are confirming the time-bound penalty consistent with those protocols which we are applying to Mr. Trump’s accounts. Given the gravity of the circumstances that led to Mr. Trump’s suspension, we believe his actions constituted a severe violation of our rules which merit the highest penalty available under the new enforcement protocols. We are suspending his accounts for two years, effective from the date of the initial suspension on January 7 this year.
At the end of this period, we will look to experts to assess whether the risk to public safety has receded. We will evaluate external factors, including instances of violence, restrictions on peaceful assembly and other markers of civil unrest. If we determine that there is still a serious risk to public safety, we will extend the restriction for a set period of time and continue to re-evaluate until that risk has receded.
When the suspension is eventually lifted, there will be a strict set of rapidly escalating sanctions that will be triggered if Mr. Trump commits further violations in future, up to and including permanent removal of his pages and accounts.
In what seems to be a related announcement, a new strike system has been announced. That way users can know what actions will be taken depending on the policies that have been violated. I am going to go out on a limb and say Trump is going to be subject to this system.
Facebook’s full responses are available here. It’s worth reading as it seems detailed. But it really doesn’t change my mind about Facebook.
This entry was posted on June 4, 2021 at 1:11 pm and is filed under Commentary with tags Donald Trump, Facebook. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.
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8.2 Detroit Diesel Engine Specifications
by Steve Johnson
Comstock/Comstock/Getty Images
The Detroit Diesel Corporation, founded in 1937 by General Motors, was originally known as the "Detroit Diesel Engine Division." Their first product was the Series 71 engine. The 8.2L Detroit Diesel Engine, also known as the "Fuel Pincher," was introduced in the 1980s. It was mainly found in the GMC B-series line of commercial and school buses.
The 8.2-liter "Fuel Pincher" was the first four-cycle engine that Detroit Diesel introduced on the market. The initial engine released had some issues on the operational side. Its head torque was not properly achieved because of its small head bolts, and the engine block was made using an open block deck that created problems with its head gaskets during overheating. These issues were resolved in subsequent years, and a turbocharged diesel engine variant was also released.
The base 8.2L Fuel Pincher is a naturally aspirated engine with a displacement of 500 cubic inches. Its rated gross output is 165 horsepower at 3,000 RPM, and it has a dry weight of 1,096 pounds. It has a bore and stroke of 4.25 by 4.41 inches. On the other hand, the Turbocharged Fuel Pincher has a gross output of 205 horsepower at 3,000 RPM, and has a dry weight of 1,121 pounds. Both engines are capable of producing up to 495 foot-pounds of torque, depending on their usage. They were also made with a dual full-flow oil filter, a fuel oil filter and a fuel oil strainer. The cooling system is composed of an air cleaner, a governor and a fan. Both engines also come standard with a starting motor and an oil cooler.
Replacement Parts and Pricing
Replacement parts and overhaul kits are widely available for the 8.2L Detroit Diesel Engine. Today, a complete rebuilder kit can cost around $1,600, while a new turbocharger can cost around $360. Other engine parts are also available, including fuel systems, cooling systems, and exhaust and lubrication systems. As of 2010, a used or remanufactured 8.2L Detroit diesel can cost around $2,000 to $4,000 depending on its condition.
Detroit Diesel Corporation
Diesel Engine Motor
Funding Universe: Detroit Diesel Corporation
Steve Johnson is an avid and passionate writer with more than five years of experience. He's written for several industries, including health, dating and Internet marketing, as well as for various websites. He holds a bachelor's degree from the University of Texas.
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Emmys 2012: Jeremy Irons is the Original Mob Boss (Q&A)
From The Hollywood Reporter
The actor channels his innate “touch of melancholia” to create an addictive crime-family patriarch in Showtime’s epic drama “The Borgias.”
11:44 AM PDT 6/6/2012
by Marisa Guthrie
This story first appeared in the June 2012 Special Emmy Issue of The Hollywood Reporter.
A rainy April afternoon in New York finds Jeremy Irons, 63, chain-smoking hand-rolled cigarettes (he buys the tobacco at airport duty free shops) in his suite at the Upper East Side boutique Lowell Hotel. He is enjoying a moment away from his peripatetic work schedule: In addition to playing the lead on Showtime’s The Borgias, which shoots in Budapest, the British Oscar winner (Reversal of Fortune) also has completed work on Bille August’s Night Train to Lisbon, shot on location in Portugal, and is shooting Richard LaGravenese’s Beautiful Creatures in New Orleans. With his signature candor, Irons shares his take on the “bullshit” of fame, how a revealing dinner at the Vatican prepped him for his role as Renaissance Pope Rodrigo Borgia and the two American actors who have intimidated him.
The Hollywood Reporter: What drives you to keep working?
Jeremy Irons: It’s a bit of a drug. But it’s important that you have a very strong life with other passions that counter balances the work so that you know why you’re working. Fame and success are valueless. We have a culture where everybody wants to be famous. And you think, why? Because we’re being told that will bring happiness. And it’s all bullshit. Admittedly, it’s very nice wandering down the street and people saying, “Hi, love your work”; and going into a restaurant and people saying, “Oh, we’ll find you a table.” The whole world’s your village. But you have to put up with everybody wanting to know your business.
THR: How long do you see yourself playing Rodrigo Borgia?
Irons: I ask myself that every day. And I ask [creator and executive producer] Neil Jordan that every day. When they originally asked me to do it, they said, “Listen, it might run for four years.” And I gasped! But Neil is a filmmaker. So in a way, he’s educating himself to write for television. This makes the series a little slower than Showtime would like. But we’ve picked it up a bit, shorter scenes and more [snaps fingers] in season two.
THR: Do you like Borgia as a character?
Irons: You can’t play someone and not like him. You are inside him, and they are you. I like Borgia’s appetite; I like that he eats life, won’t take shit and that he has flaws. He’s not a good guy, he’s not a bad guy, he’s a guy. He’s power hungry; he doesn’t want to waste his time in this life. I share that with him. I’m not power hungry, just easily bored and want to make the most of the four score years and 10, if I’m lucky, while I’m on the planet.
THR: I read somewhere that when Borgias started shooting, you had dinner with an archbishop. What was that experience like?
Irons: Yes, it was at the Vatican. When he asked me in the door, he said, “You are now safe; no one can get you here; you are diplomatically immune.” I thought, “Well, that’s nice to know; I’ll put that address in my book.” We shared a bottle of wine in his kitchen, which was pretty spartan. And around 11 o’clock, we went to the roof to have a cigarette, and he pointed over the rooftops to a cell of lighted windows and said, “There’s Rodrigo Borgias’ modern counterpart; he’s still awake, doesn’t sleep much, sits and plays his piano.” Then we went downstairs, by which time [the archbishop’s] mistress had arrived.
THR: You’re allowed to have a mistress in the Vatican?
Irons: It would seem so.
THR: Who was this person?
Irons: It would be wrong to mention names. But all I can say is that nothing really has changed. We now think that the pope is next to God. Well, in those days the pope was head of the Church but behaved as any man would behave — or most men would behave.
THR: Are you Catholic?
Irons: Not really. I was baptized Church of England. My children are Catholic; my wife is Catholic. But I’m not really a club member, never have been. I go to Mass because I enjoy times of reflection. But I’m not a regular at all.
THR: How pigeonholed have you felt as an actor?
Irons: You’re always pigeonholed a bit. I do play the occasional American character, but I’m thought of as an “English actor.” I’m tall, slim and do bring a certain thing. You can’t get away from that. I’m never going to be cast as a sort of Danny DeVito character.
THR: Well, you have done a few projects with comedic elements.
Irons: Glad you’ve noticed! I seem to be known as enigmatic: Is he good, is he bad? Can we trust him, or is he just evil?
THR: But certainly no one has accused you of being Mr. Sunshine.
Irons: No, but I can show you a few films where I was Mr. Sunshine — although there’s always a touch of melancholia. I try not to put my feet in the footsteps that I’ve been in before. All actors have a certain smell. You can say that’s a Jeremy Irons role, that’s an Al Pacino role, or that’s a De Niro role. My biggest competition for roles is maybe Alan Rickman, in a way, or Bill Hurt. It’s all about the work you’ve done that adds up to your aroma.
THR: You’ve worked opposite fellow Oscar winners Meryl Streep, Kevin Spacey and Helen Mirren. Do better actors make you better?
Irons: Yes. It’s like tennis; it ups your game if you have someone playing good tennis against you.
THR: Have you ever been intimidated by one of your co-stars?
Irons: De Niro used to intimidate me. He doesn’t give any quarter, but he’s mellowed now. And Al Pacino is quite intimidating.
THR: Any leading ladies?
Irons: Intimidated me? No.
Email: Marisa.Guthrie@thr.com; Twitter: @MarisaGuthrie
Categories: Latest News and Posts . Tags: 2012, Al Pacino, Alexander, Beautiful Creatures, Billie August, Budapest, Emmys, Hotel, Jeremy Irons, Lowell, Night Train to Lisbon, Pope, Portugal, Reversal of Fortune, Richard LaGravenese, Robert DeNiro, Rodrigo Borgia, The Borgias, The Hollywood Reporter, Vatican . Author: jeremyironsno1fan . Comments: Leave a comment
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Local college students enjoy in-depth view of Israel to ‘hear all sides’
Israel advocacy on campusCollege students bring knowledge from Israel trip to campus
The students heard from individuals representing various walks of political and religious life and are now tasked with creating a campus activity for Israel advocacy and awareness.
By Adam Reinherz March 23, 2018, 10:19 am 0 Edit
Participants pose for a photo during a graffiti tour in the Florentin neighborhood of Tel Aviv. (Photo courtesy of Brian Burke)
If experience is the best education, then 11 local college students got the lesson of a lifetime, spending an intensive week in the Jewish state as part of the Israel Ambassadors Program.
Students from Carnegie Mellon University, Duquesne University and the University of Pittsburgh recently returned from their alternative spring break journey, which according to Josh Sayles, director of the Community Relations Council at the Jewish Federation of Greater Pittsburgh, was about showing students “all of the perspectives of Israel.”
Sayles arranged for the young travelers to learn from individuals representing varying walks of political and religious life.
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“We heard from a lot of really interesting speakers,” said Brian Burke, a junior at the University of Pittsburgh.
Presenters included “right-wing and leftwing” Israelis, Arabs and Palestinians, said Sayles. “The goal is really to get them to hear all sides of the argument, and to do so in an educational way, which will really strengthen their connection to the land of Israel.”
Mollie Serbin and Arianna Heilbrunn pose in front of street art in Tel Aviv (Photo courtesy of Mollie Serbin)
One enlightening moment actually arrived when a portion of the trip fell through, said Burke.
“We were supposed to go to Ramallah [one] day, but because of security concerns we weren’t able to go,” he explained. Instead of scrapping the experience completely, the Palestinian guide who was supposed to lead the tour ended up meeting the group in Jerusalem.
“We also heard from a Palestinian pollster,” added Burke, a political science major. “He’s a Ph.D., and he dived into the political views today, whether it’s support for the PLO, Hamas or Mahmoud Abbas or the future peace process. It was a really unique perspective to hear.
“You don’t often get into the nitty gritty details of what people think and you don’t often hear what people on the ground think.”
Sayles said it doesn’t matter whether or not the trip alters students’ perspectives on political causes.
“We don’t care if they end up leaning to left, right or center, as long as they support Israel’s right to exist as a Jewish democratic state and take what they learned from the trip and bring it back to campus and make it a more Israel-friendly environment,” said Sayles.
Students prepare lunch after working the land with Hashomer Hachadash, a Moshav in Lakish . (Photo courtesy of Laura Cherner)
This was the third iteration of the Israel Ambassadors Program. Previous trips occurred in August 2015 and December 2016.
Upon their return, participants are expected to implement a campus oriented activity.
“All of these students agreed to have a yearlong commitment and put together their own projects, and collaborate not only with each other but with other Jewish and non-Jewish groups on campus to make it a safer place to love Israel,” said Sayles.
Burke said that although he has yet to flesh out the details, he is planning on doing “something connected with politics or views of the [Israeli-Palestinian] conflict.”
Another student was considering creating a podcast, while yet another participant was “talking about telling the story of Israel through art and photography,” said Sayles. “We will sit down with the students over the next couple of months and make sure that the projects are the best they can be.”
Program participants pose at Gan Meir, the LGBTQ+ community center in Tel Aviv. (Photo by Josh Sayles)
“The knowledge and enthusiasm that these students are bringing back to campus will make a significant impact on how Israel is understood and perceived on campus,” echoed Dan Marcus, executive director and CEO of the Hillel Jewish University Center in Pittsburgh. “We are tremendously grateful to the Jewish Federation of Greater Pittsburgh and the generous donors that have made it possible for Hillel JUC students to participate in this highly sophisticated Israel program.”
This was Burke’s fourth time traveling to Israel. But in contrast to those prior visits, what the program provided was an opportunity to “go into more depth,” as well as “dive deeper into the issues,” he said.
Brenna Rosen, a fellow participant and junior at the University of Pittsburgh, agreed.
“Last year I went on Birthright — in December 2016, it was very touristy,” said the applied developmental psychology major. But, “I am interested in conflict politics and human rights.” What the trip afforded was the ability to “take a closer look at those things and see a side of Israel that you don’t see in Birthright. It was more investigative and more learning.”
“Some people like walking around, and hiking is all well and good, but being able to hear from journalists or politicians or people who work at NGOs was really cool,” said Burke.
In addition to fresh perspectives, organizers wanted to offer the students little-seen parts of the country. So whether it was showcasing advances in farming, the country’s handling of LGBT rights or developments in business and technology, said Sayles, “in a week we gave them a microcosm of all of the wonderful things that Israel has to offer.” PJC
Adam Reinherz can be reached at areinherz@pittsburghjewishchronicle.org.
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Store Planning Jobs in Fort Myers, FL at Chico's
In a Store Planning role, you can grow your career in a variety of ways at Chico's FAS, Inc. Because we have three brands and hundreds of boutiques across the U.S. and Canada, we are able to leverage talent across the enterprise and throughout North America.
From finance and accounting to technology and merchandising careers, Chico's has corporate Jobs in Fort Myers, FL for talented professionals to join our team of retail associates who share our commitment to excellence.
With hundreds of boutiques and outlets throughout the U.S. and Canada, as well as an online presence for each of our brands, it takes sophisticated technology, resources and infrastructure to ensure the continued success of our businesses. Apply online today for Store Planning Jobs in Fort Myers, FL at Chico's.
At Chico's, there is no such thing as a typical career path, and we encourage everyone in a Store Planning role to take advantage of the many opportunities that exist. Apply online today for Store Planning Jobs in Fort Myers, FL at Chico's.
Florida Jobs
Fort Myers, FL Jobs
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Terex Updates Status of Integration Activities
WESTPORT, Conn.--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Feb. 19, 2016-- Terex Corporation (NYSE: TEX) announced that Terex and Konecranes have determined that it would be prudent to pause the integration planning activities for the time being. This will allow the Terex management team to devote its attention to improving the Company’s operating results and delivering on management’s commitment to shareholders.
The Terex Board of Directors has not changed its recommendation of the merger. Terex and Konecranes continue to move forward with all necessary filings to achieve antitrust, regulatory and shareholder approvals that are required to complete the merger transaction.
Terex Corporation is a lifting and material handling solutions company reporting in five business segments: Aerial Work Platforms, Construction, Cranes, Material Handling & Port Solutions and Materials Processing. Terex manufactures a broad range of equipment for use in various industries, including the construction, infrastructure, manufacturing, shipping, transportation, refining, energy, utility, quarrying and mining industries. Terex offers financial products and services to assist in the acquisition of Terex equipment through Terex Financial Services. Terex uses its website (www.terex.com) and its Facebook page (www.facebook.com/TerexCorporation) to make information available to its investors and the market.
Important Information For Investors And Shareholders
This document does not constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy any securities or a solicitation of any vote or approval. In connection with the proposed transaction between Terex and Konecranes, Terex and Konecranes will file relevant materials with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), including a Konecranes registration statement on Form F-4 that will include a proxy statement of Terex that also constitutes a prospectus of Konecranes, and a definitive proxy statement/prospectus will be mailed to stockholders of Terex. INVESTORS AND SECURITY HOLDERS OF TEREX ARE URGED TO READ THE PROXY STATEMENT/PROSPECTUS AND OTHER DOCUMENTS THAT WILL BE FILED WITH THE SEC CAREFULLY AND IN THEIR ENTIRETY WHEN THEY BECOME AVAILABLE BECAUSE THEY WILL CONTAIN IMPORTANT INFORMATION. Investors and security holders will be able to obtain free copies of the registration statement and the proxy statement/prospectus (when available) and other documents filed with the SEC by Terex or Konecranes through the website maintained by the SEC at http://www.sec.gov. Copies of the documents filed with the SEC by Terex will be available free of charge on Terex’s internet website at www.Terex.com.
Terex, its directors and certain of its executive officers may be considered participants in the solicitation of proxies in connection with the proposed transaction. Information about the directors and executive officers of Terex is set forth in its proxy statement for its 2015 annual meeting of stockholders, which was filed with the SEC on April 1, 2015. Other information regarding the participants in the proxy solicitations and a description of their direct and indirect interests, by security holdings or otherwise, will be contained in the proxy statement/prospectus and other relevant materials to be filed with the SEC when they become available.
Tom Gelston, (203) 222-5943
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Three Piano Sonatas, WoO 47 (Beethoven)
Beethoven at age 13
The Three Early Piano Sonatas, WoO 47, "Kurfürstensonaten" were composed by Ludwig van Beethoven in 1782 and 1783, when he was twelve and thirteen years old. Though lacking a distinct musical identity, the sonatas show a certain level of precocity and serve as a precursor to the masterworks he later produced. They are dedicated to the Elector (Kurfürst) Maximilian Frederick.[1]
Like Mozart's, Beethoven's musical talent was recognized at a young age,[2] and these three sonatas give an early glimpse of the composer's abilities, as well as his boldness. Beethoven was writing in a form usually attempted by older, more mature composers, as the sonata was a cornerstone of Classical piano literature.
The sonatas
No. 1 in E-flat major
Allegro cantabile
Rondo vivace
No. 2 in F minor
Larghetto maestoso – Allegro assai
No. 3 in D major
Menuetto – Sostenuto
Scherzando: Allegretto, ma non troppo
List of compositions by Ludwig van Beethoven
↑ Thayer 1921, pp. 71–74.
↑ Thayer 1921, p. 59.
Song, Moo Kyoung (2002). The Evolution of Sonata-Form Design in Ludwig van Beethoven's Early Piano Sonatas, WoO 47 to Opus 22 (PDF) (Ph. D). Austin: University of Texas.
Thayer, A. W. (1921). Krehbiel, Henry Edward, ed. The Life of Ludwig Van Beethoven, Vol 1. The Beethoven Association. OCLC 422583.
3 Piano Sonatas, WoO 47: Scores at the International Music Score Library Project
Piano sonatas by Ludwig van Beethoven
Nos. 1–10
(Opp. 2–14)
No. 1 in F minor, Op. 2, No. 1
No. 2 in A major, Op. 2, No. 2
No. 3 in C major, Op. 2, No. 3
No. 4 in E♭ major, Op. 7 (Grand Sonata)
No. 5 in C minor, Op. 10, No. 1
No. 6 in F major, Op. 10, No. 2
No. 7 in D major, Op. 10, No. 3
No. 8 in C minor, Op. 13 (Pathétique)
No. 9 in E major, Op. 14, No. 1
No. 10 in G major, Op. 14, No. 2
Nos. 11–20
(Opp. 22–49)
No. 11 in B♭ major, Op. 22
No. 12 in A♭ major, Op. 26 (Funeral March)
No. 13 in E♭ major, Op. 27, No. 1
No. 14 in C♯ minor, Op. 27, No. 2 (Moonlight)
No. 15 in D major, Op. 28 (Pastoral)
No. 17 in D minor, Op. 31, No. 2 (The Tempest)
No. 18 in E♭ major, Op. 31, No. 3 (The Hunt)
No. 19 in G minor and No. 20 in G major, Op. 49
(Opp. 53–111)
No. 21 in C major, Op. 53 (Waldstein)
No. 22 in F major, Op. 54
No. 23 in F minor, Op. 57 (Appassionata)
No. 24 in F♯ major, Op. 78 (A Thérèse)
No. 25 in G major, Op. 79
No. 26 in E♭ major, Op. 81a (Les adieux)
No. 27 in E minor, Op. 90
No. 28 in A major, Op. 101
No. 29 in B♭ major, Op. 106 (Hammerklavier)
No. 30 in E major, Op. 109
No. 31 in A♭ major, Op. 110
No. 32 in C minor, Op. 111
Unnumbered (WoO)
Three Piano Sonatas, WoO 47
Piano Sonata in C major, WoO. 51 (fragmentary work)
Spurious/doubtful (Anh.)
Sonatina in G major, Anh. 5, No. 1
Sonatina in F major, Anh. 5, No. 2
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"Rangoon" redirects here. For other uses, see Rangoon (disambiguation).
ရန်ကုန်
Metropolitan City
Location of Yangon, Myanmar
Coordinates: 16°51′N 96°11′E / 16.850°N 96.183°E / 16.850; 96.183Coordinates: 16°51′N 96°11′E / 16.850°N 96.183°E / 16.850; 96.183
Yangon Region
c. 1028–1043
Maung Maung Soe
Area[1]
• Urban
231.18 sq mi (598.75 km2)
3,930 sq mi (10,170 km2)
Population (2014 Census)
• Metropolitan City
• Rural
Bamar, Chinese Burmese, Burmese Indians, Chin, Rakhine, Mon, Karen, Shan, Kayah, Kachin
• Religions
Buddhism, Christianity, Hinduism, Islam
Yangoner
MST (UTC+6:30)
YGN
www.ycdc.gov.mm
Yangon (Burmese: ရန်ကုန်, MLCTS rankun mrui, pronounced: [jàɴɡòʊɴ mjo̰]; also known as Rangoon, literally: "End of Strife") is a former capital of Myanmar and the capital of Yangon Region. Yangon is the country's largest city with a population of nearly six million, and is the most important commercial centre, although the military government officially relocated the capital to the newly built city of Naypyidaw in March 2006.[3]
Although Yangon's infrastructure is undeveloped compared to that of other major cities in southeast Asia, it now has the largest number of colonial buildings in the region.[4] While many high-rise residential and commercial buildings have been constructed or renovated throughout the city centre and Greater Yangon in the past two decades, most satellite towns that ring the city continue to be deeply impoverished.
Yangon (ရန်ကုန်) is a combination of the two words yan (ရန်) and koun (ကုန်), which mean "enemies" and "run out of", respectively. It is also translated as "End of Strife". "Rangoon" most likely comes from the British imitation of the pronunciation of "Yangon" in the Arakanese language, which is [rɔ̀ɴɡʊ́ɴ].
See also: Timeline of Yangon and List of name changes in Yangon
Yangon was founded as Dagon in the early 11th century (c. 1028–1043) by the Mon, who dominated Lower Burma at that time.[5] Dagon was a small fishing village centred about the Shwedagon Pagoda. In 1755, King Alaungpaya conquered Dagon, renamed it "Yangon", and added settlements around Dagon. The British captured Yangon during the First Anglo-Burmese War (1824–26), but returned it to Burmese administration after the war. The city was destroyed by a fire in 1841.[6]
Colonial Rangoon
Yangon and Environ map, 1911
A view of the Cantonment Gardens (now Kandaw Minglar Garden) in 1868.
Damage of central Rangoon in the aftermath of World War II.
The British seized Yangon and all of Lower Burma in the Second Anglo-Burmese War of 1852, and subsequently transformed Yangon into the commercial and political hub of British Burma. Yangon is also the place where the British sent Bahadur Shah II, the last Mughal emperor, to live after the Indian Rebellion of 1857. Based on the design by army engineer Lt. Alexander Fraser, the British constructed a new city on a grid plan on delta land, bounded to the east by the Pazundaung Creek and to the south and west by the Yangon River. Yangon became the capital of all British Burma after the British had captured Upper Burma in the Third Anglo-Burmese War of 1885. By the 1890s Yangon's increasing population and commerce gave birth to prosperous residential suburbs to the north of Royal Lake (Kandawgyi) and Inya Lake.[7] The British also established hospitals including Rangoon General Hospital and colleges including Rangoon University.
Colonial Yangon, with its spacious parks and lakes and mix of modern buildings and traditional wooden architecture, was known as "the garden city of the East."[7] By the early 20th century, Yangon had public services and infrastructure on par with London.[8]
Before World War II, about 55% of Yangon's population of 500,000 was Indian or South Asian, and only about a third was Bamar (Burman).[9] Karens, the Chinese, the Anglo-Burmese and others made up the rest.
After World War I, Yangon became the epicentre of Burmese independence movement, with leftist Rangoon University students leading the way. Three nationwide strikes against the British Empire in 1920, 1936 and 1938 all began in Yangon. Yangon was under Japanese occupation (1942–45), and incurred heavy damage during World War II. The city was retaken by the Allies in May 1945.
Yangon became the capital of Union of Burma on 4 January 1948 when the country regained independence from the British Empire.
Contemporary Yangon
Soon after Burma's independence in 1948, many colonial names of streets and parks were changed to more nationalistic Burmese names. In 1989, the current military junta changed the city's English name to "Yangon", along with many other changes in English transliteration of Burmese names. (The changes have not been accepted by many Burmese who consider the junta unfit to make such changes, nor by many publications, news bureaux including, most notably, the BBC and foreign nations including the United Kingdom and United States.)[10][11]
Since independence, Yangon has expanded outwards. Successive governments have built satellite towns such as Thaketa, North Okkalapa and South Okkalapa in the 1950s to Hlaingthaya, Shwepyitha and South Dagon in the 1980s.[6] Today, Greater Yangon encompasses an area covering nearly 600 square kilometres (230 sq mi).[1]
During Ne Win's isolationist rule (1962–88), Yangon's infrastructure deteriorated through poor maintenance and did not keep up with its increasing population. In the 1990s, the current military government's more open market policies attracted domestic and foreign investment, bringing a modicum of modernity to the city's infrastructure. Some inner city residents were forcibly relocated to new satellite towns. Many colonial-period buildings were demolished to make way for high-rise hotels, office buildings, and shopping malls,[12] leading the city government to place about 200 notable colonial-period buildings under the Yangon City Heritage List in 1996.[13] Major building programs have resulted in six new bridges and five new highways linking the city to its industrial back country.[14][15][16] Still, much of Yangon remains without basic municipal services such as 24-hour electricity and regular garbage collection.
Yangon has become much more indigenous Burmese in its ethnic make-up since independence. After independence, many South Asians and Anglo-Burmese left. Many more South Asians were forced to leave during the 1960s by Ne Win's xenophobic government.[9] Nevertheless, sizable South Asian and Chinese communities still exist in Yangon. The Anglo-Burmese have effectively disappeared, having left the country or intermarried with other Burmese groups.
Yangon was the centre of major anti-government protests in 1974, 1988 and 2007. The 1988 People Power Uprising resulted in the deaths of hundreds, if not thousands of Burmese civilians, many in Yangoon where hundreds of thousands of people flooded into the streets of the then capital city. The Saffron Revolution saw mass shootings and the use of crematoria in Yangoon by the Burmese government to erase evidence of their crimes against monks, unarmed protesters, journalists and students.[17]
The city's streets saw bloodshed each time as protesters were gunned down by the government.
In May 2008, Cyclone Nargis hit Yangon. While the city had few human casualties, three quarters of Yangon's industrial infrastructure was destroyed or damaged, with losses estimated at US$800 million.[18]
In November 2005, the military government designated Naypyidaw, 320 kilometres (199 mi) north of Yangon, as the new administrative capital, and subsequently moved much of the government to the newly developed city. At any rate, Yangon remains the largest city, and the most important commercial centre of Myanmar.
Yangon metropolitan area
Yangon is located in Lower Burma (Myanmar) at the convergence of the Yangon and Bago Rivers about 30 km(19 mi) away from the Gulf of Martaban at 16°48' North, 96°09' East (16.8, 96.15). Its standard time zone is UTC/GMT +6:30 hours.
Yangon has a tropical monsoon climate under the Köppen climate classification system.[19] The city features a lengthy wet season from May through October where a substantial amount of rainfall is received; and a dry season from November through April, where little rainfall is seen. It is primarily due to the heavy rainfall received during the rainy season that Yangon falls under the tropical monsoon climate category. During the course of the year, average temperatures show little variance, with average highs ranging from 29 to 36 °C (84 to 97 °F) and average lows ranging from 18 to 25 °C (64 to 77 °F).
Climate data for Yangon (1961—1990)
Record high °C (°F)
(100) 38.3
Average high °C (°F)
Daily mean °C (°F)
Average low °C (°F)
Record low °C (°F)
Average rainfall mm (inches)
(0.2) 2
(0.08) 7
(0.28) 15
(0.59) 303
(11.93) 547
(23.7) 368
Average rainy days
0.2 0.2 0.4 1.6 12.6 25.3 26.2 26.1 19.5 12.2 4.8 0.2 129.3
Average relative humidity (%)
Mean monthly sunshine hours
300 272 290 292 181 80 77 92 97 203 280 288 2,452
Source #1: World Meteorological Organization,[20] Sistema de Clasificación Bioclimática Mundial (extremes)[21]
Source #2: Danish Meteorological Institute (sun and relative humidity)[22]
Map of Yangon
Until the mid-1990s, Yangon remained largely constrained to its traditional peninsula setting between the Bago, Yangon and Hlaing rivers. People moved in, but little of the city moved out. Maps from 1944 show little development north of Inya Lake and areas that are now layered in cement and stacked with houses were then virtual backwaters. Since the late 1980s, however, the city began a rapid spread north to where Yangon International airport now stands. But the result is a stretching tail on the city, with the downtown area well removed from its geographic centre.[23] The city's area has steadily increased from 72.52 square kilometres (28.00 sq mi) in 1901 to 86.2 square kilometres (33.3 sq mi) in 1940 to 208.51 square kilometres (80.51 sq mi) in 1974, to 346.13 square kilometres (133.64 sq mi) in 1985, and to 598.75 square kilometres (231.18 sq mi) in 2008.[1][24]
A colonial-era building
Downtown Yangon is known for its leafy avenues and fin-de-siècle architecture.[25] The former British colonial capital has the highest number of colonial period buildings in south-east Asia.[4] Downtown Yangon is still mainly made up of decaying colonial buildings. The former High Court, the former Secretariat buildings, the former St. Paul's English High School and the Strand Hotel are excellent examples of the bygone era. Most downtown buildings from this era are four-story mix-use (residential and commercial) buildings with 14-foot (4.3 m) ceilings, allowing for the construction of mezzanines. Despite their less-than-perfect conditions, the buildings remain highly sought after and most expensive in the city's property market.[26]
In 1996, the Yangon City Development Committee created a Yangon City Heritage List of old buildings and structures in the city that cannot be modified or torn down without approval.[27] In 2012, the city of Yangon imposed a 50-year moratorium on demolition of buildings older than 50 years.[28] The Yangon Heritage Trust, an NGO started by Thant Myint-U, aims to create heritage areas in Downtown, and attract investors to renovate buildings for commercial use.[28]
City centre around Sule
A latter day hallmark of Yangon is the eight-story apartment building. (In Yangon parlance, a building with no elevators (lifts) is called an apartment building and one with elevators is called a condominium.[29] Condos which have to invest in a local power generator to ensure 24-hour electricity for the elevators are beyond the reach of most Yangonites.) Found throughout the city in various forms, eight-story apartment buildings provide relatively inexpensive housing for many Yangonites. The apartments are usually eight stories high (including the ground floor) mainly because city regulations, until February 2008, required that all buildings higher than 75 feet (23 m) or eight stories install elevators.[30] The current code calls for elevators in buildings higher than 62 feet (19 m) or six stories, likely ushering in the era of the six-story apartment building. Although most apartment buildings were built only within the last 20 years, they look much older and rundown due to shoddy construction and lack of proper maintenance.
An apartment building in the city centre
Unlike other major Asian cities, Yangon does not have any skyscrapers. Aside from a few high-rise hotels and office towers, most high-rise buildings (usually 10 stories and up) are "condos" scattered across prosperous neighbourhoods north of downtown such as Bahan, Dagon, Kamayut and Mayangon. The tallest building in Yangon, Pyay Gardens, is a 25-story condo in the city's north.
Older satellite towns such as Thaketa, North Okkalapa and South Okkalapa are lined mostly with one to two story detached houses with access to the city's electricity grid. Newer satellite towns such as North Dagon and South Dagon are still essentially slums in a grid layout. The satellite towns—old or new—receive little or no municipal services.
Road layout
Downtown Yangon at night
Corner of Sule Pagoda & City Hall
Downtown Yangon's road layout follows a grid pattern, based on four types of roads:
Broad 49-m wide roads running west to east
Broad 30-m wide roads running south to north
Two narrow 9.1-m wide streets running south to north
Mid-size 15-m wide streets running south to north
The east-west grid of central was laid out by British military engineers Fraser and Montgomerie after the Second Anglo-Burmese War.[8] The city was later developed by the Public Works Department and Bengal Corps of Engineers. The pattern of south to north roads is as follows: one broad 100-foot (30 m) wide broad road, two narrow streets, one mid-size street, two more narrow streets, and then another 100-foot (30 m) wide broad road. This order is repeated from west to east. The narrow streets are numbered; the medium and broad roads are named.
For example, the 100-foot (30 m) Lanmadaw Road is followed by 30-foot (9.1 m)-wide 17th and 18th streets then the medium 50-foot (15 m) Sint-Oh-Dan Road, the 30-foot 19th and 20th streets, followed by another 100-foot (30 m) wide Latha Road, followed again by the two numbered small roads 21st and 22nd streets, and so on.
The roads running parallel west to east were the Strand Road, Merchant Road, Maha Bandula (née Dalhousie) Road, Anawrahta (Fraser) Road, and Bogyoke Aung San (Montgomerie) Road.
Kandawgyi Lake, a popular park near downtown Yangon
The largest and best maintained parks in Yangon are located around Shwedagon Pagoda. To the south-east of the gilded stupa is the most popular recreational area in the city – Kandawgyi Lake. The 150-acre (61-ha) lake is surrounded by the 110-acre (45-ha) Kandawgyi Nature Park,[31] and the 69.25-acre (28-ha) Yangon Zoological Gardens, which consists of a zoo, an aquarium and an amusement park.[32] West of the pagoda towards the former Hluttaw (Parliament) complex is the 130-acre (53-ha) People's Square and Park, (the former parading ground on important national days when Yangon was the capital.)[33] A few miles north of the pagoda lies the 37-acre (15-ha) Inya Lake Park – a favorite hangout place of Yangon University students, and a well-known place of romance in Burmese popular culture.
Hlawga National Park and Allied War Memorial at the outskirts of the city are popular day-trip destinations with the well-to-do and tourists.
Yangon City Hall
Yangon is administered by the Yangon City Development Committee (YCDC). YCDC also coordinates urban planning.[34] The city is divided into four districts. The districts combined have a total of 33 townships. The current mayor of Yangon is Hla Myint. Each township is administered by a committee of township leaders, who make decisions regarding city beautification and infrastructure. Myo-thit (lit. "New Towns", or satellite towns) are not within such jurisdictions.
Yangon Administrative Districts
Western District (Downtown)
Ahlon
Kyauktada
Kyimyindaing
Lanmadaw
Pabedan
Sanchaung
Seikkan
Botataung
Dagon Seikkan
East Dagon
North Dagon
North Okkalapa
Pazundaung
South Dagon
South Okkalapa
Thingangyun
Mingala Taungnyunt
Dawbon
Seikkyi Kanaungto
Tamwe
Thaketa
Yankin
Insein
Hlaing
Hlaingthaya
Kamayut
Mayangon
Mingaladon
Shwepyitha
Yangon is a member of Asian Network of Major Cities 21.
Yangon is Burma's main domestic and international hub for air, rail, and ground transportation.
Inside T2, Yangon International Airport
Yangon International Airport, located 12 miles (19 km) from the centre, is the country's main gateway for domestic and international air travel. The airport currently has two main international terminals, known as T1 and T2, and a domestic terminal. It has direct flights to regional cities in Asia – mainly, Doha, Dubai, Dhaka, Kolkata, Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City, Hong Kong, Tokyo, Beijing, Seoul, Guangzhou, Taipei, Bangkok, Kuala Lumpur, Kunming and Singapore. Although domestic airlines offer service to about twenty domestic locations, most flights are to tourist destinations such as Bagan, Mandalay, Heho and Ngapali, and to the capital Naypyidaw.
Yangon Central Railway Station
Yangon Central Railway Station is the main terminus of Myanmar Railways' 5,403-kilometre (3,357 mi) rail network[35] whose reach covers Upper Myanmar (Naypyidaw, Mandalay, Shwebo), upcountry (Myitkyina), Shan hills (Taunggyi, Lashio) and the Taninthayi coast (Mawlamyaing, Dawei).
Yangon Circular Railway operates a 45.9-kilometre (28.5 mi) 39-station commuter rail network that connects Yangon's satellite towns. The system is heavily utilized by the local populace, selling about 150,000 tickets daily.[36] The popularity of the commuter line has jumped since the government reduced petrol subsidies in August 2007.[36]
Buses and cars
Yangon has a 4,456-kilometre (2,769 mi) road network of all types (tar, concrete and dirt) in March 2011. Many of the roads are in poor condition and not wide enough to accommodate an increasing number of cars.[37] The vast majority of Yangon residents cannot afford a car and rely on an extensive network of buses to get around. Over 300 public and private bus lines operate about 6,300 crowded buses around the city, carrying over 4.4 million passengers a day.[1][38] All buses and 80% of the taxis in Yangon run on compressed natural gas (CNG), following the 2005 government decree to save money on imported petroleum.[39] Highway buses to other cities depart from Dagon Ayeyar Highway Bus Terminal for Irrawaddy delta region and Aung Mingala Highway Bus Terminal for other parts of the country.[40]
A right hand drive bus originally from a left-hand traffic jurisdiction modified for right-hand traffic (Left hand-drive) on Yangon roads
Motor transportation in Yangon is highly expensive for most of its citizens. As the government allows only a few thousand cars to be imported each year in a country with over 50 million people,[41] car prices in Yangon (and in Burma) are among the highest in the world. In July 2008, the two most popular cars in Yangon, 1986/87 Nissan Sunny Super Saloon and 1988 Toyota Corolla SE Limited, cost the equivalent of about US$20,000 and US$29,000 respectively.[42] A sports utility vehicle, imported for the equivalent of around US$50,000, goes for US$250,000.[41] Illegally imported unregistered cars are cheaper – typically about half the price of registered cars. Nonetheless, car usage in Yangon is on the rise, a sign of rising incomes for some, and already causes much traffic congestion in highway-less Yangon's streets. In 2011, Yangon had about 300,000 registered motor vehicles in addition to an unknown number of unregistered ones.[37]
Since 1970, cars have been driven on the right side of the road in Burma, as part of a military decree.[43] However, as the government has not required left hand drive (LHD) cars to accompany the right side road rules, many cars on the road are still right hand drive (RHD) made for driving on the left side. Japanese used cars, which make up most of the country's imports, still arrive with RHD and are never converted to LHD. As a result, Burmese drivers have to rely on their passengers when passing other cars.
A taxi in Yangon
Within Yangon city limits, it is illegal to drive trishaws, bicycles, and motorcycles. Since February 2010, pickup truck bus lines have been forbidden to run in 6 townships of central Yangon, namely Latha, Lanmadaw, Pabedan, Kyauktada, Botahtaung and Pazundaung Townships.[44] In May 2003, a ban on using car horns was implemented in six townships of Downtown Yangon to reduce noise pollution.[45] In April 2004, the car horn ban was expanded to cover the entire city.[45]
Yangon's four main passenger jetties, all located on or near downtown waterfront, mainly serve local ferries across the river to Dala and Thanlyin, and regional ferries to the Irrawaddy delta.[46] The 22-mile (35 km) Twante Canal was the quickest route from Yangon to the Irrawaddy delta until the 1990s when roads between Yangon and the Irrawaddy Division became usable year-round. While passenger ferries to the delta are still used, those to Upper Burma via the Irrawaddy river are now limited mostly to tourist river cruises.
46,000 +360.0%
100,000 +117.4%
165,000 +65.0%
181,000 +9.7%
1,302,000 +160.4%
1,592,000 +22.3%
5,869,000 +9.5%
Sources: 1846,[6] 1872–1941,[9] 1950–2025[47]
Yangon is the most populous city by far in Burma although estimates of the size of its population vary widely. All population figures are estimates since no official census has been conducted in Burma since 1983. A UN estimate[47] puts the population as 4.35 million in 2010 but a 2009 U.S. State Department estimate[48] puts it at 5.5 million. The U.S. State Department's estimate is probably closer to the real number since the UN number is a straight-line projection, and does not appear to take the expansion of city limits in the past two decades into account. The city's population grew sharply after 1948 as many people (mainly, the indigenous Burmese) from other parts of the country moved into the newly built satellite towns of North Okkalapa, South Okkalapa, and Thaketa in the 1950s and East Dagon, North Dagon and South Dagon in the 1990s. Immigrants have founded their regional associations (such as Mandalay Association, Mawlamyaing Association, etc.) in Yangon for networking purposes. The government's decision to move the nation's administrative capital to Naypyidaw has drained an unknown number of civil servants away from Yangon.
Yangon is the most ethnically diverse city in the country. While Indians formed the slight majority prior to World War II,[9] today, the majority of the population is of indigenous Bamar (Burman) descent. Large communities of Indians/South Asian Burmese and the Chinese Burmese exist especially in the traditional downtown neighborhoods. A large number of Rakhine and Karen also live in the city.
Burmese is the principal language of the city. English is by far the preferred second language of the educated class. In recent years, however, the prospect of overseas job opportunities has enticed some to study other languages: Mandarin Chinese is most popular, followed by Japanese, and French.[49]
The primary religions practiced in Yangon are Buddhism, Christianity, Hinduism, and Islam. Shwedagon Pagoda is a famous religious landmark in the city.
Central Yangon
Yangon is the country's hub for the movie, music, advertising, newspaper and book publishing industries. All media is heavily regulated by the military government. Television broadcasting is off limits to the private sector. All media content must first be approved by the government's media censor board, Press Scrutiny and Registration Division.[50]
Most television channels in the country are broadcast from Yangon. TV Myanmar and Myawaddy TV are the two main channels, providing Burmese-language programming in news and entertainment. Other special interest channels are MWD-1 and MWD-2, MRTV-3, the English-language channel that targets overseas audiences via satellite and via Internet, MRTV-4 and Channel 7 are with a focus on non-formal education programs and movies, and Movie 5, a pay-TV channel specializing in broadcasting foreign movies.[51]
Yangon has three radio stations. Myanmar Radio National Service is the national radio service and broadcasts mostly in Burmese (and in English during specific times.) Pop culture oriented Yangon City FM and Mandalay City FM radio stations specialize in Burmese and English pop music, entertainment programs, live celebrity interviews, etc. New radio channels such as Shwe FM and Pyinsawaddy FM can also be tuned with the city area.
Nearly all print media and industries are based out of Yangon. All three national newspapers – two Burmese language dailies Myanma Alin (မြန်မာ့အလင်း) and Kyemon (ကြေးမုံ), and the English language The New Light of Myanmar — are published by the government. Semi-governmental The Myanmar Times weekly, published in Burmese and in English, is mainly geared for Yangon's expatriate community. Over twenty special interest journals and magazines covering sports, fashion, finance, crime, literature (but never politics) vie for the readership of the general populace.
Access to foreign media is extremely difficult. Satellite television in Yangon, and in Burma, is very expensive as the government imposes an annual registration fee of one million kyats.[50] Certain foreign newspapers and periodicals such as the International Herald Tribune and the Straits Times can be found only in a few (mostly downtown) bookstores. Internet access in Yangon, which has the best telecommunication infrastructure in the country, is slow and erratic at best, and the Burmese government implements one of the world's most restrictive regimes of Internet control.[52] International text messaging and voice messaging was permitted only in August 2008.[53]
Common facilities taken for granted elsewhere are luxury prized items in Yangon and Burma. The price of a GSM mobile phone was about K1.1 million in August 2008.[53] In 2007, the country of 55 million had only 775,000 phone lines (including 275,000 mobile phones),[54][55] and 400,000 computers.[54] Even in Yangon, which has the best infrastructure, the estimated telephone penetration rate was only 6% at the end of 2004, and the official waiting time for a telephone line was 3.6 years.[56] Most people cannot afford a computer and have to use the city's numerous Internet cafes to access a heavily restricted Internet, and a heavily censored local intranet.[52] According to official statistics, in July 2010, the country had over 400,000 Internet users, with the vast majority hailing from just two cities, Yangon and Mandalay. Although Internet access was available in 42 cities across the country, the number of users outside the two main cities was just over 10,000.[57]
The Karaweik at night time, at Kandawgyi Lake, which is one of a few major recreational parks in Yangon.
Yangon's property market is the most expensive in the country and beyond the reach of most Yangonites. Most rent outside the centre and few can afford to rent such apartments. (In 2008, rents for a typical 650-to-750-square-foot (60 to 70 m2) apartments in the centre and vicinity range between K70,000 and K150,000 and those for high end condos between K200,000 and K500,000.)[58]
Most men of all ages (and some women) spend their time at ubiquitous tea-shops, found in any corner or street of the city. Watching European football (mostly English Premier League with occasional La Liga, Serie A, Bundesliga) matches while sipping tea is a popular pastime among many Yangonites. The average person stays close to his or her residential neighbourhood. The well-to-do tend to visit shopping malls and parks on weekends. Some leave the city on weekends for Chaungtha and Ngwesaung beach resorts in Ayeyarwady Division.
Hindu temple procession cart
Yangon is also home to many pagoda festivals (paya pwe), held during dry-season months (November – March). The most famous of all, the Shwedagon Pagoda Festival in March, attracts thousands of pilgrims from around the country.
Yangon's museums are the domain of tourists and rarely visited by the locals.
Most of Yangon's larger hotels offer some kind of nightlife entertainment, geared towards tourists and the well-to-do Burmese. Some hotels offer traditional Burmese performing arts shows complete with a traditional Burmese orchestra. The pub scene in larger hotels is more or less the same as elsewhere in Asia. Other options include karaoke bars and pub restaurants in Yangon Chinatown.
Due to the problems of high inflation, the lack of high denomination notes, and the fact that many of the population do not have access to checks, or credit or debit cards, it is common to see citizens carrying a considerable amount of cash.[59] (The highest denomination of Burmese currency kyat is 10 000 (~US$10.)) Credit cards are only rarely used in the city, chiefly in the more lavish hotels.
As the city has the best sporting facilities in the country, most national-level annual sporting tournaments such as track and field, football, volleyball, tennis and swimming are held in Yangon. The 40,000-seat Aung San Stadium and the 32,000-seat Thuwunna Stadium are the main venues for the highly popular annual State and Division football tournament. Until April 2009, the now defunct Myanmar Premier League, consisted of 16 Yangon-based clubs,[60] played all its matches in Yangon stadiums, and attracted little interest from the general public or commercial success despite the enormous popularity of football in Burma. Most Yangonites prefer watching European football on satellite TV. Teams such as Manchester United, Liverpool, Chelsea, Real Madrid, Barcelona, Bayern Munich and Manchester City are among the favorite European teams among the Yangonites. It remains to be seen whether the Myanmar National League, the country's first professional football league, and its Yangon-based club Yangon United FC will attract a sufficient following in the country's most important media market.
Yangon is also home to annual the Myanmar Open golf tournament, and the Myanmar Open tennis tournament. The city hosted the 1961 and 1969 South East Asian Games. During colonial times, cricket was played mostly by British officials in the city. First-class cricket was played in the city in January 1927 when the touring Marylebone Cricket Club played Burma and the Rangoon Gymkhana. Two grounds were used to host these matches, the BAA Ground and the Gymkhana Ground.[61][62] These matches mark the only time Burma and Rangoon Gymkhana have appeared in first-class cricket, and the only time first-class cricket has been played in Burma. After independence cricket all but died out in the country.
Yangon has a growing population of skateboarders, as documented in the films Altered Focus: Burma and Youth of Yangon. German non-profit organization Make Life Skate Life has received permission from the Yangon City Development Committee to construct a concrete skatepark at Thakin Mya park in downtown, and plans to complete the park in November 2015.[63]
Cargo ships on the shores of Yangon River, just offshore of Downtown Yangon.
A street market in Downtown Yangon selling produce.
Yangon is the country's main centre for trade, industry, real estate, media, entertainment and tourism. The city represents about one fifth of the national economy. According to official statistics for FY 2010–2011, the size of the economy of Yangon Region was 8.93 trillion kyats, or 23% of the national GDP.[64]
Teashop on Pavement
The city is Lower Burma's main trading hub for all kinds of merchandise – from basic food stuffs to used cars although commerce continues to be hampered by the city's severely underdeveloped banking industry and communication infrastructure. Bayinnaung Market is the largest wholesale centre in the country for rice, beans and pulses, and other agricultural commodities.[65] Much of the country's legal imports and exports go through Thilawa Port, the largest and busiest port in Burma. There is also a great deal of informal trade, especially in street markets that exist alongside street platforms of Downtown Yangon's townships. However, on 17 June 2011, the YCDC announced that street vendors, who had previously been allowed to legally open shop at 3 pm, would be prohibited from selling on the streets, and permitted to sell only in their townships of residence, presumably to clean up the city's image.[66] Since 1 December 2009, high-density polyethylene plastic bags have been banned by city authorities.[67]
Manufacturing accounts for a sizable share of employment. At least 14 light industrial zones ring Yangon,[68] directly employing over 150,000 workers in 4,300 factories in early 2010.[69] The city is the centre of country's garment industry which exported US$292 million in 2008/9 fiscal year. More than 80 percent of factory workers in Yangon work on a day-to-day basis. Most are young women between 15 and 27 years of age who come from the countryside in search of a better life.[70] The manufacturing sector suffers from both structural problems (e.g. chronic power shortages) and political problems (e.g. economic sanctions). In 2008, Yangon's 2500 factories alone needed about 120 MW of power;[71] yet, the entire city received only about 250 MW of the 530 MW needed.[72] Chronic power shortages limit the factories' operating hours between 8 am and 6 pm.[73]
Construction is a major source of employment. The construction industry has been negatively affected by the move of state apparatus and civil servants to Naypyidaw,[74] new regulations introduced in August 2009 requiring builders to provide at least 12 parking spaces in every new high-rise building, and the general poor business climate. As of January 2010, the number of new high-rise building starts approved in 2009–2010 was only 334, compared to 582 in 2008–2009.[75]
Tourism represents a major source of foreign currency for the city although by south-east Asian standards the number of foreign visitors to Yangon has always been quite low—about 250,000 before the Saffron Revolution in September 2007. The number of visitors dipped even further following the Saffron Revolution and Cyclone Nargis.[76] The recent improvement in the country's political climate has attracted an increasing number of businessmen and tourists. Between 300,000 and 400,000 visitors that went through Yangon International in 2011. However, after years of underinvestment, Yangon's modest hotel infrastructure—only 3000 of the total 8000 hotel rooms in Yangon are "suitable for tourists"—is already bursting at seams, and will need to be expanded to handle additional visitors.[77] As part of an urban development strategy, a hotel zone has been planned in Yangon's outskirts, encompassing government- and military-owned land in Mingaladon, Hlegu and Htaukkyant Townships.[78]
See also: List of universities and colleges in Yangon
University of Medicine 1
Yangon has the best educational facilities and the highest number of qualified teachers in Burma where state spending on education is among the lowest in the world.[79] A 2007 estimate by the London-based International Institute for Strategic Studies puts the spending for education at 0.5% of the national budget.[80] The disparity in educational opportunities and achievement between rich and poor schools is quite stark even within the city. With little or no state support forthcoming, schools have to rely on forced "donations" and various fees from parents for nearly everything – school maintenance to teachers' salaries,[81] forcing many poor students to drop out.
While many students in poor districts fail to reach high school, a handful of Yangon high schools in wealthier districts such as Dagon 1, Sanchaung 2, Kamayut 2, Bahan 2, Latha 2, and TTC provide the majority of students admitted to the most selective universities in the country, highlighting the extreme shallowness of talent pool in the country.[82] The wealthy bypass the state education system altogether, sending their children to private English language instruction schools such as YIEC or more widely known as ISM, or abroad (typically Singapore or Australia) for university education.[83] In 2008, international schools in Yangon cost at least US$8,000 a year.[84]
There are over 20 universities and colleges in the city. While Yangon University remains the best known (its main campus is a part of popular Burmese culture e.g. literature, music, film, etc.), the nation's oldest university is now mostly a graduate school, deprived of undergraduate studies. Following the 1988 nationwide uprising, the military government has repeatedly closed universities, and has dispersed most of undergraduate student population to new universities in the suburbs such as Dagon University, the University of East Yangon and the University of West Yangon. Nonetheless many of the country's most selective universities are still in Yangon. Students from around the country still have to come to study in Yangon as some subjects are offered only at its universities. The University of Medicine 1, University of Medicine 2, Yangon Technological University, University of Computer Studies and Myanmar Maritime University are the most selective in the country.[85]
See also: List of hospitals in Yangon
Yangon General Hospital
The general state of health care in Yangon is poor. According to a 2007 estimate, the military government spends 0.4% of the national budget on health care, and 40% to 60% on defense.[80] By the government's own figures, it spends 849 kyats (US$0.85) per person.[86] Although health care is nominally free, in reality, patients have to pay for medicine and treatment, even in public clinics and hospitals. Public hospitals including the flagship Yangon General Hospital lack many of the basic facilities and equipment.
Wealthier Yangonites still have access to country's best medical facilities and internationally qualified doctors. Only Yangon and Mandalay have any sizable number of doctors left as many Burmese doctors have emigrated. The well-to-do go to private clinics or hospitals like Pun Hlaing International Hospital and Bahosi Medical Clinic. Medical malpractice is widespread, even in private clinics and hospitals that serve the well-to-do. In 2009 and 2010, a spate of high-profile deaths[86] brought out the severity of the problem, even for the relatively well off Yangonites. The wealthy do not rely on domestic hospitals and travel abroad, usually Bangkok or Singapore, for treatment.[87]
The following are healthcare facilities in Yangon in 2010–2011.[37]
FY 2010–2011
# of public hospitals
# of private hospitals
Physician-patient ratio
Eastern District 16 10 1:3638
Western District 10 21 1:1400
Southern District 23 1 1:18,176
Northern District 25 5 1:13,647
Notable sites
Shwe Dagon Pagoda
Interior View of Tooth Relic Pagoda
Chauk Htat Gyi Pagoda
St Mary's Cathedral at the corner of Bo Aung Kyaw Road
Shwedagon Pagoda
Sule Pagoda
Botataung Pagoda
Chaukhtatgyi Buddha Temple
Kyauktawgyi Buddha Temple
Kaba Aye Pagoda
Maha Wizaya Pagoda
Ye Le Pagoda
Allied War Memorial
Bogyoke Market (Scott's Market)
Hlawga National Park
Inya Lake (formerly Lake Victoria)
Kandawgyi Lake (formerly Royal Lake)
Kandawmin Garden Mausolea
Maha Bandula Park
Martyrs' Mausoleum
People's Square and Park
Sain Lane So Pyae Garden
Yangon University
Yangon Zoological Gardens (Yangon Zoo)
National Museum of Myanmar
Myanmar Gems Museum
Bogyoke Aung San Museum
Yangon Drugs Elimination Museum
The Planetarium
Concert halls and theatres
Yangon National Theatre
Myanmar Convention Centre
Yangon is a member of the Asian Network of Major Cities 21.
Twin towns – sister cities
Yangon is twinned with:
Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China (1997)[88]
Kunming, Yunnan, China (2008)
Nanning, Guangxi, China (2009)[89]
Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam (2012)[90]
Busan, South Korea (2013)[91]
Turin, Italy (2013)[92]
San Francisco, United States (2014)[93]
Yangon Riverside view
Panorama view of the city centre
The bell in Swe Dagon pagoda
Downtown Yangon, facing Sule Pagoda and Hlaing River
Central Yangon at night
Karaweik Palace on Kandawgyi Lake
Ngahtatgyi Buddha image
Yangon River Jetty
Yangon City Hall seen from Mahabandula Park
Buildings in downtown Yangon
A jewellery market in Bogyoke Aung San Market
A downtown market
Basic Education High School No. 1 Dagon (Methodist English High School)
Basic Education High School No. 6 Botataung (St. Paul's High School)
Basic Education High School No. 2 Latha (St John's Convent School)
Thingyan, Burmese New Year
The Independence Monument
Sakura Tower
Yangon High Court
Bus(now new buses)
Traffic jam near Yangon port
Electric generators in front of an apartment building
Yangon Strand-Road and sunset
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↑ Archived 5 December 2013 at the Wayback Machine.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Yangon.
Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article Rangoon.
Yangon travel guide from Wikivoyage
Satellite picture by Google Maps
BBC article about British colonial architecture in Yangon
Mawlamyaing, Sittwe, Yangon Capital of British Burma
31 January 1862 – 7 March 1942
3 May 1945 – 4 January 1948 Succeeded by
End of British rule
None Capital of Japanese Burma
7 March 1942 – 3 May 1945 Succeeded by
End of Japanese rule
Mandalay Capital of Burma
4 January 1948 – 6 November 2005 Succeeded by
Articles related to Yangon
Districts/Townships of Yangon
Capital: Yangon
East Yangon District
Botataung Township
East Dagon Township
North Okkalapa Township
South Dagon Township
South Okkalapa Township
Thingangyun Township
Dawbon Township
Mingala Taungnyunt Township
Tamwe Township
Yankin Township
North Yangon District
Hlaingthaya Township
Mingaladon Township
Shwepyitha Township
Hlegu Township
Hmawbi Township
Htantabin Township
Taikkyi Township
South Yangon District
Dala Township
Seikkyi Kanaungto Township
Cocokyun Township
Kawhmu Township
Kayan Township
Kungyangon Township
Kyauktan Township
Thongwa Township
Twante Township
West Yangon District
(Downtown)
Ahlon Township
Bahan Township
Dagon Township
Kyauktada Township
Kyimyindaing Township
Lanmadaw Township
Latha Township
Sanchaung Township
Seikkan Township
Hlaing Township
Kamayut Township
Mayangon Township
Tada Subtownship
Main cities and towns
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Kawhmu
Kyauktan
Taikkyi
Thongwa
Thanlyin
Twante
Administrative divisions of Myanmar
Kayah
Kayin
Rakhine
Ayeyarwady
Magway
Sagaing
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Self-Administered Zones
Kokang
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Pa-O
Self-Administered Divisions
Union Territories
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If Australia can shun China, Canada should, too
By Brett Byers and Shuvaloy Majumdar. Published on Dec 18, 2020 3:50pm
'2020 marks a decisive end to an unmitigated fantasy of China as an economic partner.'
Prime Minister Justin Trudeau and Premier of the State Council of the People's Republic of China Li Keqiang hold a joint news conference in Ottawa on Sept. 22, 2016. (Matthew Usherwood/iPolitics)
Beijing has weaponized its commerce.
In October, President Xi Jinping announced the Chinese Communist Party’s “Dual Circulation” framework, a plan to decouple the Chinese economy from its export-driven mode to an increasingly self-reliant domestic one. It is the central doctrine in a scheme to double the Chinese economy by 2035.
This isn’t just about protectionism or economic nationalism.
By expanding China’s neo-colonial Belt and Road Initiative — designed to: harvest data and resources from the developing world; tear apart China’s commitment to “One Country, Two Systems” in Hong Kong, which once underpinned the economic development of its mainland; levy political agricultural bans; steal technology; and ruthlessly exploit vital medical-supply chains — 2020 marks a decisive end to an unmitigated fantasy of China as an economic partner.
Canadians have felt this acutely. A combination of targeted economic coercion, hostage diplomacy with Michael Kovrig and Michael Spavor, and threats of further actions for failing to release Huawei’s Meng Wanzhou is only a harbinger of what’s to come.
But of all these measures, the weakest is China’s strategy of economic coercion. Canada could occupy a strategically advantageous position, but this would require politicians in Ottawa to discover a fortitude that has thus far escaped them.
Canada is not as dependent on trade with China as we may think. Only about four per cent of our exports are to China, comparing favourably with Australia’s 33 per cent. Despite being more than eight times more exposed to China’s economic blackmail, Australia is standing up to China. And despite some heavy tariffs on a wide range of agricultural products in conjunction with the COVID-19 pandemic, Australia’s economy is actually still growing. It is doing so by reorienting itself toward new economic partnerships, while reducing its over-reliance on a clearly bad one with China.
If Australia can adapt and advance its interests, surely Canada can do the same. If China were to ban all agri-products from Canada, bar its tourists, and recall international students, the total economic cost would be over $16 billion annually. While damaging, especially to Western agricultural industries, the cost could be absorbed through closer co-operation with both emerging and established allies. Canadian canola, for example, is finding new customers in the Middle East, and a Canadian education is among the most coveted in the world.
If anything, Beijing’s aggressive approach to countries like Australia and Canada should encourage us to think differently about trade.
Consider Japan’s response to China’s coercion over a decade ago, following reignited disputes in the Senkaku Islands. China effectively banned all exports of rare earth elements (REEs) to Japan — a crucial commodity for the Japanese high-tech manufacturing sector. As China produces most of the world’s REEs, Japan was put in what seemed like an impossible bind. But rather than bending, Japan innovated to reduce consumption, improved recycling practices, and found new suppliers. Today, Vietnam is Japan’s largest supplier of REEs.
Canada could expand the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement on Trans-Pacific Partnership to include interested countries, such as Taiwan, the United Kingdom, South Korea, Indonesia, and the Philippines. We should also engage more with India to develop reliable supply chains and expand economic diplomacy at the G7. Also of note, India is currently reforming its agricultural policies to be more market-oriented.
Already, proposals are circulating for an “alliance of democracies” that would reduce reliance on China’s strategic supply-chain positions, develop frameworks for the governance of technology, establish mutual security co-operation, and encourage an alternative to China’s economic coercion.
In fact, it could be argued that China is hurting itself more than it’s hurting us, with its “dual circulation” doctrine and coercive economic measures. As Duanjie Chen explained in a Macdonald-Laurier Institute paper last year, “The majority of our exports to China are commodities for which the supply is constrained by natural resources that are either scarce or rapidly depleting in China. … Meanwhile, all our imports from China are manufactured goods that are easily replaceable from suppliers in other markets.”
This means that, at present, China needs Canadian goods more than Canada needs Chinese goods. Unlike Japan’s situation with REEs, or Australia’s deep political and economic ties to China, Canada is not so crucially dependent on China. Chen’s paper suggests it will be easier to discover new supplies of manufactured goods than it will be for China to find new supplies of the commodities Canada exports.
This point was proven late last year, when swine flu caused meat prices in China to skyrocket, which in turn led the country to reverse its ban on Canadian pork and beef. Even with Canada’s persistent political weakness when faced with belligerence, the reality is that China’s political games are limited by its own economic interests.
Canadian leaders would be well advised to dispense with the myopia that has thus far governed their indecision. Canada is not alone, and not in between the United States and China. We exist in a global system filled with partners and potential partners who are also keen to counteract Beijing’s economic coercion. All Canada has to do is decide to secure its own interests.
Brett Byers is the communications and digital media manager at the Macdonald-Laurier Institute. Shuvaloy Majumdar is a program director and Munk senior fellow for foreign policy at the Macdonald-Laurier Institute.
Brett Byers and Shuvaloy Majumdar
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An Arab is someone whose native language is Arabic. The term was first used to describe people who lived in a part of southwestern Asia called the Arabian Peninsula. Today the word Arab also refers to Arabic-speaking people who live in the Middle East, North Africa, and other places. In the early 21st century there were more than 100 million Arabs throughout the world.
Early Arabian society was made up of families that came together to form tribes. Tribes traced their heritage back many centuries. According to tradition, some Arabs are descended from a man named Qahtan, who lived in southern Arabia. Others are descended from a man named ʿAdnan, of northern Arabia.
The religion of Islam brought Arabs together beginning in the early ad 600s. Because Islam’s holy book (the Koran) is written in Arabic, that language soon was used by all who practiced the religion.
More than 90 percent of modern Arabs practice Islam. Religion is an important part of everyday life for many Arabs. It influences how people behave and dress. Arabs, especially women, tend to dress modestly. In many areas women are expected to wear dark robes and to cover their face with a veil in public.
Arabs who live in cities tend to have less traditional attitudes than those who live in small villages. Both men and women have more educational and employment opportunities in cities.
There is a strong distinction between desert nomads and town dwellers in Arabic culture.
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Harmony, Florida facts for kids
Harmony, Florida
Unincorporated community
Town of Harmony
UTC-5 (Eastern (EST))
Harmony is an unincorporated community master-planned community near St. Cloud, Florida, United States. It is part of the Orlando–Kissimmee Metropolitan Statistical Area.
According to 2010 Census data, Harmony is home to more than 1,000 residents.
Harmony is a Green-certified community, certified by the Florida Green Building Coalition.
Development plans for Harmony were set in motion by 1996. The Harmony Community Development District was established by local ordinance in March 2000.
Harmony developed a cooperative relationship with the University of Florida's Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation in 2001. Harmony was demonstrating a real-life example of people living and working in the same community. The goal was to show that this could be done in a sustainable way while also minimizing the impact on the local ecology.
The Harmony Residential Owners Association (ROA) was created on October 8, 2002. It "establishes a mechanism by which to realize the goal of creating a community in which good citizenship and community service are encouraged from all residents". The owners association is responsible for maintenance as well as community-wide standards for all common areas of Harmony not managed by the CDD.
The Harmony ROA is noteworthy among home owners associations in that it established within its founding documents guidelines delineating the peaceful coexistence of humans and wild animals. "This document seeks to articulate a philosophy that allows natural elements to persist unimpeded by humans and minimizes the circumstances that lead to conflict between humans and wildlife." "In harmony with nature" has been a motto of the community since its inception.
Harmony was opened for occupancy in approximately 2003 and ownership was transferred to Starwood Capital Group in 2005.
Harmony, Florida Facts for Kids. Kiddle Encyclopedia.
This page was last modified on 13 January 2022, at 21:32. Suggest an edit.
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