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The dataset generation failed
Error code: DatasetGenerationError
Exception: ArrowInvalid
Message: JSON parse error: Missing a closing quotation mark in string. in row 36
Traceback: Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/packaged_modules/json/json.py", line 153, in _generate_tables
df = pd.read_json(f, dtype_backend="pyarrow")
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pandas/io/json/_json.py", line 815, in read_json
return json_reader.read()
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pandas/io/json/_json.py", line 1025, in read
obj = self._get_object_parser(self.data)
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pandas/io/json/_json.py", line 1051, in _get_object_parser
obj = FrameParser(json, **kwargs).parse()
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pandas/io/json/_json.py", line 1187, in parse
self._parse()
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pandas/io/json/_json.py", line 1403, in _parse
ujson_loads(json, precise_float=self.precise_float), dtype=None
ValueError: Trailing data
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1997, in _prepare_split_single
for _, table in generator:
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/packaged_modules/json/json.py", line 156, in _generate_tables
raise e
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/packaged_modules/json/json.py", line 130, in _generate_tables
pa_table = paj.read_json(
File "pyarrow/_json.pyx", line 308, in pyarrow._json.read_json
File "pyarrow/error.pxi", line 154, in pyarrow.lib.pyarrow_internal_check_status
File "pyarrow/error.pxi", line 91, in pyarrow.lib.check_status
pyarrow.lib.ArrowInvalid: JSON parse error: Missing a closing quotation mark in string. in row 36
The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/job_runners/config/parquet_and_info.py", line 1529, in compute_config_parquet_and_info_response
parquet_operations = convert_to_parquet(builder)
File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/job_runners/config/parquet_and_info.py", line 1154, in convert_to_parquet
builder.download_and_prepare(
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1029, in download_and_prepare
self._download_and_prepare(
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1124, in _download_and_prepare
self._prepare_split(split_generator, **prepare_split_kwargs)
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1884, in _prepare_split
for job_id, done, content in self._prepare_split_single(
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 2040, in _prepare_split_single
raise DatasetGenerationError("An error occurred while generating the dataset") from e
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pred_label
string | pred_label_prob
float64 | wiki_prob
float64 | text
string | source
string |
|---|---|---|---|---|
__label__cc
| 0.586617
| 0.413383
|
REARRANGE THE SOCCER SCHEDULE
Steel Team Will Play at Brooklyn on Sunday Instead of Phillies Saturday.
TEAMS ARE BEHIND
A rearrangement of the schedule of the American Soccer League for this weekend announces that the Bethlehem Steel soccer team will be the opponent of the Brooklyn F. C. on the latter's field on Sunday afternoon. It was previously announced That the Bethlehems would be the opponent of the Philadelphia F. C. at the Phillies' ball park on the coming Saturday.
An important meeting of the league executives will be held in New York on Saturday night, at which time an attempt will be made to arrange some sort of definite schedule. The many cup games and replays in these cup affairs the last several weeks have decidedly interfered with league contests.
National Cup contests have priority over league tilts, but not so with the American Cup competition. Of the former there is but one more contest to be played in the East and with the date definitely decided for that tilt the league executives are now in a position to straighten out the tangled schedule that has prevailed the last several weeks.
American Cup games are also important, but it is possible that for the next few weeks at least double-headers will be arranged for every weekend with a league game Saturday and a cup tilt Sunday, or vice versa.
Bethlehem especially is behind in the number of league games played. Fall River, leading the league by three points by virtue of having played two more games than the Steel Workers, is running more true to schedule. The two replays coming late in which Bethlehem figured recently, have set the Steel Workers back. Should Bethlehem win the two games in equalizing the number played by Fall River, the Steel Workers would be at the top of the league standing by a margin of one point.
In the Brooklyn Wanderers, the local team meets a strong opponent and one that threatens to extend the locals to their utmost to win the honors. In the opening game of the season Bethlehem was held to a draw by Brooklyn in a game played on the latter's field. Two weeks ago Brooklyn defeated J & P Coats by the one-sided score of 7 goals to 1, and last Sunday was eliminated in the American Cup competition by the New York F. C., losing at the oval, the home of the Gothamites, by the close score of 2 goals to none.
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cc/2022-05/en_head_0029.json.gz/line5
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__label__cc
| 0.656628
| 0.343372
|
Charles Saatchi
Charles Saatchi (born June 9, 1943) was the co-founder with his brother Maurice of the global advertising agency Saatchi & Saatchi, which became the world's biggest before the brothers were forced out of the company in 1995. In the same year the Saatchi brothers formed a new agency called M&C Saatchi. Many large clients followed, and their new agency quickly overtook their ex agency in Britain's top ten. He is also known worldwide as an art collector and owner of the Saatchi Gallery, and in particular for his sponsorship of the Young British Artists (YBAs), including Damien Hirst and Tracey Emin.
He bought his first painting in 1973 on a visit to Paris with his first wife, Doris Lockhart. This was a realist work by David Hepher, a British artist, and was a detailed realist depiction of suburban houses. His taste has mutated from "School of London", through American abstraction and minimalism, to the YBAs, whose work he first saw at the Freeze exhibition.
His renown as a patron was at its peak in 1997 when part of his collection was shown at the Royal Academy as the exhibition 'Sensation', which travelled to museums in Berlin and New York causing headlines and controversy and consolidating the prime position of the YBAs.
Saatchi was said to be devastated when, on May 24 2004, a fire in a storage warehouse destroyed many art works, worth millions of pounds, from the Saatchi collection. One art insurance specialist valued the lost work at £50m.
He makes numerous visits in person to exhibitions, as well as seeking out artists' studios and little-known back-street galleries, particularly in East London, in order to discover innovative work. Many young artists have launched their careers owing to his interest in their work.
Saatchi admits he is shy and rarely gives interviews and makes few public appearances (though he awarded the Turner Prize one year), not even attending the openings of his own exhibitions that are usually glamorous events. He has answered readers' questions about his collecting and views on the art world in The Art Newspaper.
In 2005 he began work on a new gallery space in Chelsea, London, to open in 2007. This occupies the entire 50,000 sq ft. Duke of York Building.
In October 2006 he collaborated again with the Royal Academy, while his new building was being prepared, with the show USA Today. The exhibition featured many young US based artists, some largely unknown, who Saatchi believes will be the next generation of art stars. Also in October 2006 he answered readers' questions for The Independent Newspaper In much the same way as his Q&A with Art Newspaper readers, the answers were revealing.
Unless indicated otherwise, the text in this article is either based on Wikipedia article "Charles Saatchi" or another language Wikipedia page thereof used under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License; or on research by Jahsonic and friends. See Art and Popular Culture's copyright notice.
Retrieved from "http://artandpopularculture.com/Charles_Saatchi"
This page was last modified 09:00, 18 August 2007.
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cc/2022-05/en_head_0029.json.gz/line10
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__label__cc
| 0.60335
| 0.39665
|
Movement For Cultural Democracy Manifesto
Posted on November 21, 2019 by Robert Rae
MANIFESTO FOR A CULTURAL DEMOCRACY
A strong democracy is an inclusive democracy. It’s a society where no-one is invisible and every voice is heard. Culture, as it has been, can be the preserve of the privileged few or instead, it can be the building block that strengthens our democracy, celebrated as a basic human right, helping to create a world where all people are free to enjoy the benefits of self-expression, access to resources and community. Our goal is to ensure that in our time it is the latter that prevails and that this transformative value, of culture for all, by all, comes to permeate all corners of our social lives and political institutions.
We will launch a new National Arts Fund (NAF), funded by a transaction tax on the UK Art Market which will in turn bring in excess of £1billion of extra revenue into the treasury. The NAF will be democratically structured and administered, ensuring that cultural funding is regionally and demographically distributed, and through it, a network of local and regional elected representatives will be created with a mandate to ensure that cultural spending empowers the communities that elect those representatives. We will champion investment in people over products, process not results.
Working alongside and within the NAF, the Arts Council will be redirected to consolidate and build the infrastructure that will enable cultural players to connect and flourish on a local, national and international level. Part of this remit will be to ensure that Britain’s culture is truly working for the benefit of all, above and beyond the logic of commercialism. A new public publishing house, for example, will be launched as an early flagship project of this drive to build new democratic infrastructure for culture in Britain.
The Arts Council’s charter will be redrafted to reflect broader societal goals and a project of full-scale decolonisation that enshrines and enacts anti-racism, gender equality, disability rights, sexual freedom, freedom from poverty and ecological sustainability at the heart of Britain’s cultural institutions, working simultaneously to expose the roots of social, economic and environmental injustice.
The Arts Council will also be mandated to collaborate with local authorities in order to ring-fence public spaces and to put these spaces into the service of public-led forms of cultural production. At its most basic, this would mean opening idle spaces and empty buildings up to creative practitioners and community groups. It would also mean investing section 106 funding, raised from private land development, into the expansion of publicly owned assets for cultural activity – libraries, recording studios, community arts centres, performance spaces, exhibition centres, playgrounds and parks.
Long-term, this collaboration between the Arts Council and Local Government aims to reverse the process of gentrification whereby artists, like immigrants, revive devalued spaces, creating value that is then reflected by rising land prices which in turn price both artists and the local community out of the area they have helped to regenerate. By way of reversal, the strategy of expanding public space for culture will be extended to the provision of social housing for democratically-funded cultural producers, so that local authority effectively rewards and stabilises cultural contribution. Culture, harnessed this way, becomes something that both enriches and stabilises community, not something that is experienced as a door to disposession.
This recognition of the humanising potential of the artist will also be harnessed as a means of bringing greater transparency and a greater understanding to the public of how our government institutions function. We will create autonomous creative residencies for artists and groups of citizens within all national government departments, the Bank of England, the BBC and the UK border agency, subjecting the corridors of power to non-vested public scrutiny.
We believe that this humanising potential of cultural exchange is universal. We therefore call for the institution of a universal basic income that will enable all people to fulfill the potential of their innate creativity.
We believe that the dignity of labour is sacrosanct and call for the cultural sector to set the standard in terms of workers’ rights, guaranteeing at least the UK living wage for all its employees, including artists and interns, management, technicians, cleaners and security staff. We also call on the sector to recognise the positive role played by trades unions in helping to fight for the normalisation of humane working conditions and we will lead on this by introducing trades union representation onto the independent board of every public cultural institution.
We will introduce lifelong arts learning, free at the point of use and embed arts education into the national curriculum so that all children in Britain, from primary school up, are able to benefit from the provision of free lessons in music, drama, creative writing, dance, painting, gardening, food and fashion. This will generate, alongside opportunities for learning, new jobs across the UK for cultural practitioners.
We believe that these reforms will ultimately liberate our society from the logic of pure economic gain and instead, affirm culture’s proper role as a social value that can in turn bring the benefits of creativity, community and joy into all aspects of our democratic life, from the grassroots into government, from childhood to old age. A society defined by this paradigm – of culture for all, by all – will be a stronger society and also a happier one.
Previous: Arts For Labour Manifesto (Draft)
Next: Cultural Democracy Now – Red Pepper
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__label__cc
| 0.743491
| 0.256509
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Why is the Universe flat and not spherical? (Advanced)
My question involves the Universe is flat theory. If there was a big bang why would the Universe be flat? I would think that the Big Bang would result in a sphere shape mass of energy, light, matter, heat, radiation, etc. and whatever else expanding outward while maintaining the shape of the sphere.
The meaning of the Big Bang has been very often misunderstood. It is thought that something exploded somewhere and then the exploded part expanded to where we are currently. This is not correct. Before the Big Bang, there was no space or time. So, there is nothing "outside" the Big Bang. The Universe simply expanded from a very small volume into a huge volume, and this expansion is occuring even today. So, the place where we are right now corresponds to some place in a very small volume in the very early Universe. Hence, the Big Bang occured EVERYWHERE in the Universe. It occured at all places including the place where we are right now.
Why does the Universe look flat? This was one of the perplexing questions in cosmology for a long time. Today, most astronomers believe in the theory of inflation (and there are pieces of evidence supporting this). According to this theory, the Universe underwent exponential expansion about 10-30 seconds after the Big Bang. The result was that something of the size of an atom expanded to the size of the solar system by the end of the inflationary epoch.
If this were the case, irrespective of the original geometry of the Universe, it would appear flat to us. The analogy will be to take a balloon; we can easily see it to be rounded; now blow the balloon to a very large volume and then put a small ant on its surface. The ant will think that it is on a sheet; it cannot detect the curvature. To put this in another way, the distances that we probe are way too small to detect any possible curvature in the Universe.
If as you say "the distances that we probe are way too small to detect any possible curvature in the Universe" ... how can we accept recent "proofs" of a flat universe? Are all attempts to prove the flatness or otherwise of the universe limited to data collected from the observable universe? If so, and we suppose our view to be equivalent that of a short sighted ant on earth, surely it must be an impossibility to find such a proof, unless of course information can travel faster than light.
First, you have to distinguish between "universe" and "observable universe". Technically, "universe" constitutes everything that exists, while "observable universe" constitutes everything that exists within our horizon (that is, the volume of the universe within which light has had time to reach us). Every observation we can ever make is confined to the observable universe, and we have no way of knowing for sure what's happening beyond the horizon. But many people use "universe" as shorthand for "observable universe", which can create some confusion. So when we say "WMAP provides strong evidence that the universe is flat", we really mean "WMAP provides strong evidence that the observable universe is flat".
However, according to inflationary theory, even if the universe has some curvature, the observable universe should be flat at the level at which we're capable of measuring it. But we don't *know* that inflationary theory is correct. So yes, it is important to do experiments like the one performed by WMAP. If we were to detect deviations from flatness in the observable universe, then it would provide evidence against inflation.
Spacetime
If spacetime is curved, is it possible for us to look into space and see light from Earth from long ago? (Intermediate)
Have there been other Big Bangs before? (Beginner)
How has light from 13 billion years ago not passed us by? (Beginner)
Why don't people walk upside-down on the bottom of the Earth? (Beginner)
International Space Station Dark Energy Perihelion Trans-Neptunian Objects Spacesuits Craters Compact Objects Tsunami Entropy Stars Right Ascension Tidal Forces Spectral Types Unanswered Expansion Infinity Careers Mergers Einstein Beginning
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cc/2022-05/en_head_0029.json.gz/line14
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__label__cc
| 0.674435
| 0.325565
|
Bridgewater Housing Authority
BHA Town Report 2019
Public Notification
Annual Plan for Fiscal Year 2022
Audit Report 2018
Housing Agencies
Smoke Free Agency
The Bridgewater Housing Authority is committed to serving our community’s housing needs using all resources available. We strive to maintain clean, safe and affordable housing for low-income elderly, non-elderly disabled and family households. The Authority plays an integral role in the community and looks to develop and manage good quality affordable housing in the future.
About the BHA
The Bridgewater Housing Authority provides state public housing for seniors (60+) and non-elderly disabled persons at the Heritage Circle and Hemlock Drive developments. The BHA also provides state public housing for families at scattered sites throughout the town.
Bridgewater Housing Authority History The Bridgewater Housing Authority (BHA) was founded in 1965. The first senior development on Hemlock Drive was built in 1967. It consists of forty, one-bedroom apartments, with a community room and laundry facility centrally located. In 1972, fifty-six more similar senior apartments were added on Hemlock Drive. As the senior generation grew, so did their need for affordable housing so land was purchased on Main Street for the purpose of expanding the senior housing program. In 1992, the Heritage Circle development was completed and an additional forty one-bedroom units and ten congregate units were ready for occupancy. The building has an elevator and houses a community room, laundry facilities and the Bridgewater Housing Authority main office. In 1992, the Commonwealth of Massachusetts passed legislation that 13.5% of the senior housing units must be available for young (under 60) disabled residents. Seeing the need for family housing, the BHA purchased seven homes consisting of twelve family units between 1981 and 1982. These family units are scattered throughout the town of Bridgewater and range in size from 2 to 4 bedrooms. All the above state public housing units are regulated by the Department of Housing and Community Development (DHCD).
Meeting Schedule:
3rd Tuesday of month
10 Heritage Circle
All meetings are open to the public. Residents and interested parties are encouraged to attend.
Mon 8:30 a.m. - 4:00 p.m.
Tues 8:30 a.m. - 7:00 p.m.
Wed 830 a.m. - 4:00 p.m.
Thurs 8:30 a.m. - 4:00 p.m.
Fri 8:00 a.m. - 12:00 p.m.
Website By: Your Design Studio
© 2012 Bridgewater Housing Authority
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cc/2022-05/en_head_0029.json.gz/line19
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__label__cc
| 0.538756
| 0.461244
|
I've decided to become anonymous -- I'm afraid that having my identity attached to this blog will forever identify me as a not-serious-enough philosopher, which may be detrimental to the job search, many years down the line. Also, I think it'd be fun to watch people try to sleuth my true identity. I'm not sure what steps to take in order to become anonymous, though. I considered adopting a pseudonym and removing my name, email address, and AIM name from the sidebar, but reasoned that if I did that, then people wouldn't be able to contact me if they had something interesting to say. I'd hate to miss out. There's also the inconvenient fact that my URL is currently tied rather closely to my name. Fortunately for me, names need not pick out unique individuals, and there's no reason to believe that mine does. With this in mind, the following possibilities should make it clear that, as my blog stands now, you don't know who I am, and that I'm therefore in an important sense anonymous:
You think that I am Jonathan Ichikawa. Possibly, I'm not -- I'm someone else whose name is 'Jonathan Ichikawa'.
I might, as far as you know, be lying -- it may not be the case that my name is 'Jonathan Ichikawa'. Furthermore, Jonathan Ichikawa might be in on the trick, such that he pretends to be the author when you talk to him in the non-internet world.
You assume, based on the fact that my language appears similar to English, that I am writing in English. This may not be the case -- I may be writing in Shmenglish, which is almost identical to English, except with respect to the way that speakers or writers identify themselves (also, some things look like typos in English but are correctly-spelled in Shmenglish). So in fatc, I may not have even alleged to have been Jonathan Ichikawa.
Nobody knows the real me.
Unless you can definitively rule out these scenarios, it is not the case that you know my identity. Whew, that's a relief.
Posted by Jonathan Jenkins Ichikawa at 2/29/2004 07:25:00 PM No comments:
Today is Frederic's (tenor lead, The Pirates of Penzance) thirty-seventh birthday. He was born in 1856.
I do not understand why no mechanics are open on Sundays. I'm stuck in Boston, and was planning to drive Emily to New York. This frustrates.
Posted by Jonathan Jenkins Ichikawa at 2/29/2004 06:08:00 AM No comments:
I used to maintain an online diary... slightly like this blog in some respects, but more (slightly) more likely to have entries about how I was having a bad day or trouble with my girlfriend. I was looking through it this evening and found this entry from December 16, 2002. I still think these are neat ideas, so I thought I'd note them again.
Someday, I will own a non-empty subset of the following set of pets:
Orange tropical fish named The Pirate King
Black ferret named Ko-Ko
White mouse named Pitti-Sing
White mouse named Peep-Bo
White mouse named Yum-Yum
A Gila Monster named The Mikado
A yellow finch named Phyllis
A cat named Phoebe
A hamster named Marco
A hamster named Giuseppe
A racoon named Dr. Daly
A golden retriever named Hilarion
A golden retriever named Cyril
A golden retriever named Florian
A very large white cat named The Fairy Queen
A very large black cat named Dame Carruthers
One of those droopy-faced grumpy-looking dogs named Gama
A boa constrictor named Katisha
A peacock named Bunthorne
I find these fun.
There's an old joke: "Just because I'm paranoid doesn't mean they're not out to get me." The latest Dilbert cartoon suggests otherwise: I take the inference to be, they are trying to kill you, therefore you're not paranoid for thinking so. The Dilbert position amounts to a kind of paranoia-externalism -- whether you're paranoid depends in part upon external factors. The common-sense idea, which underwrites the old joke above, is that paranoia is merely a mental state. I think that in this case, common sense is right and Dilbert is wrong.
The funniest 49ers news in the history of the universe
Terrell Owens is not a free agent. 49ers, presumably, will trade him for a #1 pick. I vote we trade up (or just use our new absurdly high pick) and find us a brand new superstar wideout. I was a T.O. fan until the end of last season. Once he 'knew' he was leaving the Niners, he had no reservations about badmouthing everyone he could. This is the best case of football karma in recorded history. (I read it first at: Brayden King, even though I check for 49ers news daily. =P)
I'm working on a paper about Hume's Law, the principle that "no 'is' from an 'ought'." I think there's a lot to be said for it -- I think it was an important insight, and that a proper understanding of it will yield important insights into normativity. I also think I've never seen a decent formulation of it that wasn't false. Here's the gist -- the intuitive part -- the part I think is *right*: suppose I want to prove a moral statement. (We're working with an intuitive definition of "moral statement", here -- "Murder is wrong," or "Murder is right," or "Freddie ought to keep her promise," etc. are all pretty clearly examples of moral statements.) Hume says I'm doing something wrong if I think I can prove a moral statement by logic without relying on some moral premise. Example: suppose I try to run the following argument:
If I go to bed now, I wonÂ’t finish my project before lunch tomorrow.
I promised Emily that I would finish my project before lunch tomorrow.
Therefore, I ought not to go to bed now.
That argument isn't valid -- (3) doesn't follow from (1) and (2). We're missing a "bridge" premise (maybe something like "I ought to always keep my promises"). There is a 'gap' between the moral and the non-moral, and logic isn't going to get us across it. Yesterday I made a comment on an interesting blog post by Jeremy Pierce which invoked Hume's Law. He said: One sexual act creates a permanent bond between these animals. That doesn't always happen with humans, but I'm wondering whether this is scientific evidence that it should. I replied: It's not obvious to me that there's ever (or that it's ever conceptually possible for there to be) scientific evidence establishing any should-conclusion. (This is roughly Hume's Law.) He responded (I'm quoting excerpts here, apologies if I miss important context): I think Hume's perspective on this issue is actually pretty silly once you think about it. ... The problem is that Hume says there's never a fact that can give rise to a moral truth. Utilitarianism has facts about what creates happiness. Social contract theories will have facts about what rational people would agree to. Ethical egoists have facts about what's in your personal self-interest. All these theories then say that those facts determine what's morally right and wrong. But I think Jeremy's missing the point here. Of course he's right that a utilitarian (take, for example, me) believes that the facts of the matter determine its ethical properties. But utilitarianism -- or any other normative moral theory -- is a substantive moral claim. No facts, by themselves, can demonstrate something to be right or wrong. They only can once we add in, as a premise, our moral theory. It's just like when we added in the premise about how we ought to keep our promises in the example above. So I think there's something very importantly right about Hume's Law. But it's notoriously difficult to formalize just what it is. Here's a first take: "No valid argument has only non-ethical premises and an ethical conclusion." But here are several counterexamples:
Everything Jeremy says is true. Jeremy says murder is wrong. Therefore, murder is wrong.
Dan is a vegetarian. Therefore, either Dan is a vegetarian or we ought to condemn him for hypocrisy.
Fred cannot save Jordie. Therefore, Fred does not have an obligation to save Jordie.
My project in my paper is to sort through these, and identify in what sense exactly Hume's Law is correct. I really believe there is something interestingly true about it. Thoughts?
I'm very aware that a life in academia is almost necessarily a life that is out of touch with "the folk". I have to remind myself often that In the Real World, abortion, homosexual marriage, and Gettier counterexamples to JTB knowledge are controversial. But sometimes I'm still shocked to see how small my minority is on many issues and beliefs. The BBC has a feature on Religion in America today. Some extremely surprising statistics, quoted from the article:
A Gallup Poll released in November 2003 found that six out of ten Americans said that religion was "very important" in their lives. In contrast, in Canada and the United Kingdom, two societies often perceived as quite similar to the United States, only 28% and 17% respectively described religion as similarly important in their lives.
A survey done in 2001 by the City University of New York Graduate Center found that 85% of Americans identify with some religious faith.
An ABC news poll, done in February 2004, found that approximately 60% of Americans believe that the Genesis creation account, Noah's ark and a global flood, and Moses' parting of the Red Sea are "literally true."
According to an ICM poll in January 2004, Americans believe in the supernatural (91%)
an afterlife (74%)
"belief in a God/higher power makes you a better human being" (82%)
God or a higher power judged their actions (76%)
"would die for their God/beliefs" (71%).
I find some of these numbers just plain difficult to believe. The author of the BBC piece, a Southern Baptist named Dr. Richard Land, goes on to suggest, in a very strange way, that it's a good thing that America is so religious:
In 1880 Dostoyevsky wrote in The Brothers Karamazov that "If God does not exist, then everything is permissible." The history of his native Russia, wracked by the atrocities of atheistic communism for most of the 20th century, serves as a most graphic example of the truth of his conclusion.
The history of Russia proves that if God does not exist, then everything is permissible? What? Did historical Russia demonstrate the truth of each clause? Russia proved that there is no God, and that everything is permissible? Or maybe historical Russia proved that there is a God, thus making the conditional trivally true, because of it's false hypothesis. But if historical Russia did actually prove that there is a God, he might better advance his cause by showing us that proof. He goes on to offer one more argument for his thesis that America is better off with religion (honest, I'm not clipping anything relevant out of these arguments):
Nazism, above all detested religion because it called for allegiance to something greater than the state, namely God.
So, yeah. We're different from the Nazis. U-S-A! U-S-A!
President Bush today announced his backing of a constitutional amendment to prohibit gay marriage. The BBC has this headline for a story about reactions to that announcement: Bush accused of anti-gay stance. That's a silly headline, because there's no room for debate as to whether Bush has taken an anti-gay stance. A more reasonable headline would have said something like "Bush attacked for anti-gay stance."
Volokh today indicated that that wonderful resourse, Technorati, could give trackback-kind of features to those of us who aren't powered by systems that give us trackback. This site shows how to do it for many such systems, but I was disappointed to see that, for a variety of uninteresting but frustrating reasons, it does not have a method that will work for those of us who use blogger and have "#" symbols in our archive links. I spent an hour trying to come up with a workaround solution, then asked my friend Dave Price for help. Three hours later, we've achieved success. It was a lot harder than one might imagine. Blogger tags didn't cut it. I won't go into details. But here's the Javascript code Dave came up with, if you want to use it yourself. A suitable variant on the following can go inside your "blogger" tag:
Who's linking to this post?"
Thanks very much, Dave. UPDATE: Kevin Aylward has blogger code at his site now, too. It's a lot like this code, but it ends up making a prettier link. There may not be any rational reason for me to use Dave's code instead of Kevin's, but I'm emotionally attached to Dave's, having invested a recent evening in it. Maybe I'll switch eventually.
The San Francisco 49ers announced two pieces of good news today: (1) Linebacker Julian Peterson will be a 49er again next year -- they were unable to negotiate a long-term contract, but they have placed an exclusive franchise tag on him. So the best 49er defensive player is under contract for one more year, at least. (2) Running back Kevan Barlow has signed a five-year contract. He would have been a restricted free agent this year, and an unrestricted one next year. The upshot:
Anyone still holding onto the possibility of keeping Terell Owens (or getting something by trading his contract) ought now to let go. Our franchise tag has been used, and TO's not coming back.
Odds are pretty good that Barlow is now the man in San Francisco, and will stop sharing time with Garrison Hearst. I'd be willing to bet that Hearst, still a great back, assuming his surgery-recovery went well, will get a starting job somewhere else. Maybe Detroit.
Jamal Robertson will probably get a chance to step up as the number-two running back. He's been solid so far.
Front office attention will likely turn now to Ahmed Plummer (unrestricted free agent) and Jeff Garcia (trying to cut pay or restructure contract).
So far it's been a dismal off-season, but the long-term deal for Barlow is definitely good news. And although I wish we had a long contract for Peterson, too, I'm definitely happy to have him (virtually) assured for next year.
Michelle Boardman at the Volokh Conspiracy linked to a quiz designed to identify which Federal Rules of Civil Procedure its participants are. I, like Michelle, am Rule 11:
You were designed to make sure that attorneys in federal cases make reasonable inquiries into fact or law before submitting pleadings, motions, or other papers. You were a real hardass in 1983, when you snuffed out all legal creativity from federal proceedings and embarassed well-meaning but overzealous attorneys. You loosened up a bit in 1993, when you began allowing plaintiffs to make allegations in their complaints that are likely to have evidenciary support after discovery, and when you allowed a 21 day period for the erring attorney to withdraw the errant motion. Sure, you keep everything running on the up and up, but it's clear that things would be a lot more fun without you around. Which Federal Rule of Civil Procedure Are You?
brought to you by Quizilla
Thanks to Jones McClure Publishing for making "FRCP" a household term (subjective to me).
Kinds of "knows" and disjunctive concepts and the value(s) of funny things
The keynote address at our philosophy conference was Jonathan Schaffer, "Knowing the Answer" -- a really excellent talk. His idea is that "knowing that", which epistemologists have always focused on, is actually not the basic form of knowledge. To know, Schaffer says, is to know the answer to some relevant question. One (fairly minor) part of his project was to demonstrate that knowing-wh (his term for knowing the answer to a question, like "knowing what I had for lunch") employs the same concept of thing as knowing-that. (The worry is that maybe it's just kind of an accident that we use the word "know" for both cases, like we use "bank" for a financial institution and for the edge of a river.) So he proposed a kind of neat test -- we can tell we're using the same concept in two cases if we can apply it to a conjunction of them. That is,
I know that you ate pizza and what your favorite kind of pizza is
makes perfect sense, while
I ran the 100-meter dash and for governor
does not. I have two things to say about this. Thing to say about this #1. Is this a definitive test? Maybe it's just prima facia evidence... I'm thinking about knowing a person, which I'm pretty sure Schaffer thinks is a different kind of knowing. I don't think it'd be all that weird to say
I know your mother and what she looks like.
Do you share my intuition? Thing to say about this #2. I think English would be a really cool language if we were able to apply homophones over conjunctions. I have some control over my concepts, right? I think I'm going to go ahead and try to acquire some disjunctive concepts. I encourage you to do the same. So I do want to be able to say things like "After dinner, I ate a date, then went on another with a med student" and "my boss fired my partner and up the grill." And I don't want to just be able to come up with these by being clever -- I want my mind to actually instantiate concepts like "planned romantic meeting or fruit from a palm tree". I that if we actually spoke and thought like this, the world would be better for two reasons:
Intrinsic value of humor. All the cool kids are adopting absurd but apparently unrebuttable philosophical views, so I will too. I claim two-partedly that (a) the world would be objectively funnier if we spoke and thought like this, and (b) objective humor is intrinsically valuable.
Extrinsic value of humor. Even if there is no objective funniness, or if it's not intrinsically valuable, we do recognize an extrinsic value to humor -- it makes people laugh, which makes them happy, which is intrinsically valuable. Distant future human linguists and philosophers of language or alien observers who study our concepts (either as historical artifacts, or in the versions that persist far into the future) will surely get a kick out of these highly artificial-looking but thoroughly internalized disjunctive concepts.
Ok, I'm done for now.
(The exclamation point in this post title is meant to be, in A. J. Ayer's terms, a "special kind" of exclamation point used to indicate moral disapproval. If I were reading the title out loud, I'd read the name with an obviously disapproving tone of voice. In this written version, Jamie Dreier would draw a "U" over the top part of the exclaimation point, to make the part above the dot look like a pitchfork. Sadly, I have no such character on my keyboard, so you'll have to imagine.) Those who have known me for a while know that I'm very anti-two-party-American politics. I've believed for a long time that our two-party system gives voters insufficient choice. This year, for instance, there is no candidate whom a voter who was both strongly anti-war and anti-abortion could wholeheartedly endorse. Also, I think that the two-party system tends to encourage both parties to push toward the middle, leaving no room for real ideology in political discourse. I voted for Harry Browne for President in 2000. I wished Ralph Nader success. I bought into the typical third-party rhetoric: "there's no real difference between the Republicans and the Democrats." I believed, with the other third-party proponents, that a Republican and a Democrat will do pretty much the same thing... the only real vote is a third-party vote. George W. Bush proved us wrong. I've taken the message -- at least sometimes, there is a very big difference between Republicans and Democrats. Ralph Nader, it seems, has not. I don't know whether I used to be wrong about the two-party system and have since matured to a point at which I understand it, or whether the political landscape has merely changed to such an extent that my former opinion is no longer correct. But I have to question the sincerety of someone who both is not an idiot and who claims, today, that it doesn't really matter whether George Bush or a Democrat is the next President. Ralph Nader has no business in the 2004 Presidential race. UPDATE: Dave Estlund, who is much more informed and insightful about these issues, has a somewhat different and very interesting take on Nader's run. Check it out.
This weekend was the very awesome 8th Annual Brown Philosophy Graduate Conference. We heard a lot of great speakers, engaged in a lot of great conversation, and consumed a lot of greatly socially-stimulating consumables. It was pretty easily the most positive experience I've had in grad school thus far. Benjamin Whiting's paper, "Epistemic Rephrasal and the Hard Problem of Consciousness", made me recognize an interesting intuition in myself. Now, I will share it with you. Ben defended a pretty attractive hybrid theory of consciousness under which phenomenal states are identified with physical (brain) states, and psychological states are defined functionally. One example we discussed was pain -- there are two senses of "pain", which, according to Ben, we often conflate in ordinary English. (This isn't a big deal, because they always coincide in humans.) The two pains: Phenomenal pain: What it feels like to be in pain. Psychological pain: A disposition to say "ouch", writhe in agony, avoid the stimulus, etc. Ben's suggestion was that the psychological version of pain is the fundamental one (just as molecular motion is the 'real' heat, not the sensation). To (partially) motivate this, he introduced a Martian thought experiment: suppose there are Martians whose physical constitutions are very different than ours. Nevertheless, when we poke a Martian with a cattle prod, it screams, writhes, etc. The Martian certainly doesn't have a brain state corresponding to our 'pain' states, because he doesn't have a brain anything like ours, but we do want to say that he's in pain, and that it'd be morally wrong to torture him. But once we start talking about thought experiments and different kinds of beings and pains, I think about Hilary Putnam's Super-Spartans. I wondered how the intuitions would go in the other direction: imagine beings that are physically very like us, but who train themselves to never display the outward signs of pain. When we poke them with cattle prods, C-fiber firings in their brains occur, just like they do in our brains when we're in pain. But the Super-Spartans just sit calmly -- they never say "ouch", never writhe, etc. I still have a pretty strong intuition that these people feel pain when I poke them with a cattle prod, and that it's morally wrong to do so in just the same way it's wrong to torture the Martians. I'm not sure what this means. It's possible that I'm just associating psychological pain with phenomenological (physicalist) pain very tightly, and ought not to. But if my moral intuitions here are correct, then I think it suggests that pain, the concept (at least with respect to morality) is conceptually tied both to behavioral dispositions and to brain states. I admit, that's a weird consequence... I'm not sure how to sort all this out. I think I'll start with a blog post in which I lay out the issue.
My Java "Who's Linking" sidebar thingy tells me that I have twelve hits in the last twenty-four hours from an adult-themed dating site. I've identified two possible explanations: (1) Someone on that site is linking to my blog for some reason. That person is not me. If you genuinely clicked through from somebody's personal, leave a comment or send me an email; I'm curious. (2) This is a particularly innovative form of blog-SPAM.
I saw this in Jeremy Pierce's blog, and for some reason I filled it out. The questions seem to have very little to do with Old Testament characters... but it alleges that I am Nehemiah. I think most of the description is at least somewhat reasonable about me, except for the second-to-last clause. I'd be a lousy politician.
I've read an argument I don't think I'm comfortable with, but I'm not quite sure why. Any suggestions? I'm reading Janet Broughton's Descartes's Method of Doubt for Ernie Sosa's epistemology seminar. In the beginning of Part II of her book, she attributes a very interesting argument to Descartes in Meditation II. She doesn't believe that he's actually employing the cogito at the point everyone thinks he does. Very briefly, here's the traditional interpretation that Broughton does not adopt (she calls it the "Cogito First reading"):
I am certain that I think. Anything that thinks must exist. Therefore I can be certain that I exist.
Broughton thinks that Descartes is employing a different argument to reach certainty of his own existence -- one which does not depend on a prior certainty. Here is the argument:
1. The only way I could doubt that I exist is to invoke a skeptical scenario. 2. The invocation of any skeptical scenario implies my existence. 3. Therefore, all skeptical scenarios about my existence are incoherent. 4. Therefore, I cannot entertain rational doubt about "I exist". 5. Therefore, I can be absolutely certain that "I exist" is true.
I'm sure that something about this argument makes me uncomfortable, but I'm not sure what it is exactly. It definitely has to do with the "certainty" status magically appearing in (5). Is (5) really a valid inference from (4)? It seems plausible that (5) could be a valid inference from "There is no rational grounds for doubt that I exist". But (4) just says that I can't entertain any. Isn't there too much psychology here for the inference to go through? Maybe there are possible grounds which I'm psychologically unable to entertain? I'm just thinking this through for the first time, so any suggestions/pointers/criticisms/confirmations would be appreciated.
Two very odd Google hits recorded this morning: conditional probability, beauty or beast show (#8) "Kurt Warner" anti-semitism (#23)
This looks legitimate.
A column in the New York Times has many important and worthwhile things to say about the care due to ensure the right to vote. It also has what seems to me to be a very bad analogy:
No bank would be allowed to withdraw money from a depositor's account based on the sort of rough name matches and loose procedures used in voter purges. The right to vote should be treated with the same respect as a bank deposit, and guarded as carefully.
Unless I'm even more confused than I think I am, there are three problems with this analogy:
Analogy Agreement. The author first establishes a point using the example of bank withdrawals, then makes a claim about deposits.
False Empirical Assumption. Bank deposits aren't guarded very carefully; I've deposited paychecks on behalf of friends (into their own accounts). There's no reason to guard deposits all that carefully; if someone wants to deposit money into someone's else's account, few people would mind.
Too-weak Normative Claim. Relatedly, the right to vote should be treated very carefully -- much more so than the right to deposit money into someone's account.
All three of these problems could be fixed by a closing paragraph that said:
No bank would be allowed to withdraw money from a depositor's account based on the sort of rough name matches and loose procedures used in voter purges. The right to vote should be treated with the same respect as a bank withdrawal, and guarded as carefully.
I guess I'll go ahead and tentatively assume that's what they meant. Still, it's a pretty obvious and weird kind of mistake to show up in something like the New York Times. Am I making some kind of mistake in my analysis?
Alexis mentioned this a few days back... I didn't click the link then, but I did just now. What I found was almost too stupid to believe. I'm quite serious -- I'm skeptical about the facts. Surely even the Bush Administration would do anything this randomly stupid? From an opinion column last weekend in the Palm Beach Post:
The Bush administration has decided that people with bad hearing have bad judgment, too, and need special guidance from the federal government. So the U.S. Department of Education is declaring about 200 television programs inappropriate for closed-captioning and denying federal grant requests to make them accessible to the hearing-impaired. The department made its decisions based on the recommendations of a five-member panel. Who the five members are, only the government seems to know, and it isn't saying. But the shows they censored suggest a perspective that is Talibanesque. The government is refusing to caption Bewitched and I Dream of Jeannie, apparently fearing that the deaf would fall prey to witchcraft if they viewed the classic sitcoms. Your government also believes that Law & Order is too intense for the hard-of-hearing. So is Power Rangers. You can rest easy knowing that your federal tax dollars aren't being spent to promote Sanford and Son, Judge Wapner's Animal Court and The Loretta Young Show within the deaf community. Kids with hearing problems can forget about watching Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles, classic cartoons or Nickelodeon features. Even Roy Rogers and Robin Hood are out. Sports programming took a heavy hit, too. The government has decided that people with hearing problems don't need to watch NASCAR, Major League Baseball, the National Basketball Association, the National Football League or Professional Golf Association tournaments. ... The Department of Education is refusing to reveal the names of the panel members whose opinions determined the caption grants and also won't disclose the new guidelines. By every appearance, the government has changed its definition of what constitutes a caption-worthy program. But it's keeping the new rules secret. "They apparently used a panel of five individuals and then made the censorship decisions based on the individuals' recommendations," Mr. Brick says. "We have found the identity of one of the panelists. This individual tells us that he never knew he was on such a panel and that his views would be used for censorship. No panel was convened. The five panelists were contacted individually and separately."
I have a hard time taking this at face value. I mean, I'm as anti-Bush administration as the next academic, but this is ridiculous. Please tell me I'm missing a piece of the story.
Does anyone have a convenient way to find out how long "bun" has had a meaning in English associated with the human posterior? In particular, would it be reasonable to conclude that in 1881, Gilbert intended "Bunthorne" to mean "pain in the ass"?
Congratulations to the Rice Baseball team, which just defeated Texas Tech in the first game of the season. Including the last leg of the 2003 championship run, the Owls' current winning streak stands at 9. Big game against UT tomorrow.
There should be more people writing about ethics and the Savoy Operas. This post is adapted from a post I made today to Savoynet. I've been thinking about Patience from Patience and Frederic from The Pirates of Penzance. Each is clearly motivated by a desire to be virtuous. Each is concerned with doing the right thing, but has some trouble identifying the moral action. Frederic is motivated by his perceived duty -- which he believes requires him to honor contractual technicality agreement to be a pirate. Patience is motivated by the perceived virtue of selflessness, which she believes requires her to love a man she hates. One of the fundamental disagreements in normative ethics is whether consequentialism -- the idea that we should always try to choose actions that will have the best consequences -- is true. Anti-consequentialists reject this claim to allow for agent-centered considerations. To take an extreme example, Kant famously thought that it was morally wrong to tell a lie, even if lying is the only way you can prevent your kids from being murdered (or, for that matter, to prevent your kids from telling lies). A consequentialist, of course, would weigh the negative effect of a lie against the negative effect of murder (or several lies), and conclude that in such a case we morally ought to lie. It's quite literally a case of "the lesser of two evils." Both Frederic and Patience endorse agent-centered considerations. Frederic believes (1) that he is morally required to always fulfill HIS duty ("at any price...", including the horrible deeds which Pirates perform), and (2) that his duty is determined entirely by his technical contractual requirements. The second belief is the problematic one. Frederic's mistake isn't his belief that duty is important -- he was merely incorrect about what his moral duties really were. Patience's mistake, I think, is the greater error. Frederic's anti-consequentialism is based on a mistaken belief about what constitutes duty. Patience fixates on a somewhat reasonable criterion of virtue -- selflessness -- and then grossly misapplies it:
It follows, then, a maiden who Devotes herself to loving you Is prompted by no selfish view.
This, of course, is simply false. Just because loving Bunthorne wouldn't be pleasant for Patience, it doesn't follow that to do so would be *selfless*. (Even if I *hate* torturing people, it wouldn't be selfless of me to torture you!) In point of fact, Patience is fully aware that every maiden in the village is in love with Bunthorne, and that by marrying him, she'd be disappointing everyone else. In that sense, it is the most selfish action she could possibly have chosen. She is placing her own (perceived) virtue above the consideration of those around her. Ironically, her perceived virtue is identified as selflessness. (It is as if she said, "I will be selfless, even though that will make everyone around me miserable.") There are two ways that we can interpret this. One is as a mere conceptual confusion. This is entirely valid and reasonable -- As a rule, Gilbert & Sullivan sopranos are rarely confused of being particularly intelligent. But I think there are textual clues that cast Patience is a morally worse light. Consider the line in which she determines that love is a duty:
It's perfectly dreadful to think of the appalling state I must be in! I had no idea that love was a duty. No wonder they all look so unhappy! Upon my word, I hardly like to associate with myself.
The emphasis is on her new negative feelings about herself. This suggests to me that her new-found "virtue" is a kind of perverted self-punishment, designed merely to ease her conscience. Under this interpretation, Patience isn't *trying* to be selfless at all -- she's trying to martyr herself in order to make herself feel better. (Under her view, self-punishment, mislabeled as "selflessness", is only a means to this end.) This bears on another controversial point in Kantian ethics -- the idea that good will is the only relevant consideration in the evaluation of moral action. This does seem to generate counterintuitive consequences in cases like Patience's, in which she is in one sense acting out of duty, but in another, out of selfish motivation. I think this is related to Savannah's point about the relevance of the sources of our moral beliefs.
Today is John Reed's 88th birthday. I never saw him perform, but he was my first G&S hero, and his recordings introduced me to all the Grossmith roles. I've since developed a taste for a different kind of musical interpretation of the comic baritone roles, but John Reed is still very important in my G&S appreciation. It is no overstatement to say that in many ways he personifies Gilbert & Sullivan in my mind.
Two pieces of self-promotion have impressed me recently: (1) I was browsing in that book store on Thayer Street, and I read the description on the back of the cover for a novel called "Jennifer Government." Following is the description, quoted in its entirety:
Taxation has been abolished, the government has been privatized, and employees take the surname of the company they work for. It's a brave new corporate world, but you don't want to be caught without a platinum credit card--as lowly Merchandising Officer Hack Nike is about to find out. Trapped into building street cred for a new line of $2500 sneakers by shooting customers, Hack attracts the barcode-tattooed eye of the legendary Jennifer Government. A stressed-out single mom, corporate watchdog, and government agent who has to rustle up funding before she's allowed to fight crime, Jennifer Government is holding a closing down sale--and everything must go. A wickedly satirical and outrageous thriller about globalization and marketing hype, Jennifer Government is the best novel in the world ever.
I almost bought it, but didn't. It does sound good, though. If the description was accurate, then it's probably very, very good. (2) I auditioned this evening for a student-written Brown musical entitled The Best Brown Musical Ever: The Musical. It reminds me a very good deal of Pre-Med: The Musical, the student musical I was involved in my freshman year at Rice.
The Houston Chronicle reports on a California ballot initiative to cause California public schools to provide Bibles to students:
A drive is under way in California to have the state government provide a Bible to every public elementary school student in the state and suggest that schools use the books as texts for the study of literature.
Disappointingly, the Chronicle story is somewhat ambiguous as to what exactly is being considered. Is the suggestion that study of the Bible merely become part of the curriculum, with Bibles being "provided" the same way that math books are? Or are they buying new Bibles every year and sending them home with kids? For the record, I think there are good reasons to study the Bible, and don't have an objection to its study in public schools. But if they're giving students Bibles, that's elevating it to a special status with the pretty apparent motive of spreading Christianity. I'm going to go ahead and guess that's not what's at stake, and suggest that the Houston Chronicle ought to have been clearer on the issue.
Brandon Butler points to a Newsmax poll. His commentary is perfect, so I'll just quote it:
Vote your passion on this sham NewsMax Poll. Man, Newsmax is fair and balanced! Check out this "question": "Should Mel Gibson have portrayed Jesus' death so accurately?" I wonder what questions they might have considered but decided not to include? Here are some possibilities: "Do you think Jews [besides Noam Chomsky, natch] will ever admit that anti-Semitism doesn't exist?" "Do you think Jesus has forgiven Bill Clinton for killing Vince Foster?" "Is there any limit to what liberals will do to undermine President Bush's righteous war against terror?" "Should Rush Limbaugh be telling so much truth so often?"
I've been experimenting with a few RSS-reading programs, and have found little luck so far. Any suggestions? Ideally, I want a program that is simple to use, that will let me follow all the blogs I read quickly and efficiently, will understand ATOM, and be free. Barring that, I want a program with as many of those attributes as possible.
Saturday's New York Times had a very interesting story about homosexuality in the animal kingdom. Homosexual behavior in animals seems to be more prevalant than I'd realized. The story is full of interesting examples. Here's one:
The open discussion of homosexual behavior in animals is relatively new. "There has been a certain cultural shyness about admitting it," said Frans de Waal, whose 1997 book, "Bonobo: The Forgotten Ape" (University of California Press), unleashed a torrent of discussion about animal sexuality. Bonobos, apes closely related to humans, are wildly energetic sexually. Studies show that whether observed in the wild or in captivity, nearly all are bisexual, and nearly half their sexual interactions are with the same sex. Female bonobos have been observed to engage in homosexual activity almost hourly.
Inevitably, findings like this prompt arguments of one or the other of the following forms: (1) "if animals do it, it must be natural, therefore it's good for humans to do it," and (2) "if animals do it, it's subhuman, so it's bad for humans to do it." I honestly have no idea where the idea that "naturalness" has anything at all to do with morality came from. The Times is to be commended for actually getting that issue right here:
Still, scientists warn about drawing conclusions about humans. "For some people, what animals do is a yardstick of what is and isn't natural," Mr. Vasey said. "They make a leap from saying if it's natural, it's morally and ethically desirable." But he added: "Infanticide is widespread in the animal kingdom. To jump from that to say it is desirable makes no sense. We shouldn't be using animals to craft moral and social policies for the kinds of human societies we want to live in. Animals don't take care of the elderly. I don't particularly think that should be a platform for closing down nursing homes." ... What the animal studies do show, Ms. Zuk observed, is that "sexuality is a lot broader term than people want to think." "You have this idea that the animal kingdom is strict, old-fashioned Roman Catholic," she said, "that they have sex just to procreate." In bonobos, she noted, "you see expressions of sex outside the period when females are fertile. Suddenly you are beginning to see that sex is not necessarily about reproduction." "Sexual expression means more than making babies," Ms. Zuk said. "Why are we surprised? People are animals."
Also, they should be commended for including a picture of gay penguins.
Yesterday I found this both on Brian Weatherson's blog and on Katie Southard's livejournal. Today I'll find it on my blog, and so will (did) you. Here is a map of the U.S. states I've been to. create your own visited states map
...a little behind schedule, but my brain might be catching up. This story requires no commentary from me at this point, so I'll just quote a lot of it.
DES MOINES, Iowa In what may be the first subpoena of its kind since the Communist-hunting days of the 1950s, a federal judge has ordered a university to turn over records about a gathering of anti-war activists. In addition to the subpoena of Drake University, subpoenas were served this past week on four of the activists who attended a Nov. 15 forum at the school, ordering them to appear before a grand jury Tuesday, the protesters said. Federal prosecutors refuse to comment on the subpoenas, served by a local sheriff's deputy who works on the FBI Joint Terrorism Task Force. In addition to records about who attended the forum, the subpoena orders the university to divulge all records relating to the local chapter of the National Lawyer's Guild, a New York-based legal activist organization that sponsored the forum. ... Those served subpoenas include the leader of the Catholic Peace Ministry, the former coordinator of the Iowa Peace Network, a member of the Catholic Worker House, and an anti-war activist who visited Iraq in 2002. They say the subpoenas are intended to stifle dissent. "This is exactly what people feared would happen," said Brian Terrell of the peace ministry, one of those subpoenaed. "The civil liberties of everyone in this country are in danger. How we handle that here in Iowa is very important on how things are going to happen in this country from now on." ... Mark Smith, a lobbyist for the Washington-based American Association of University Professors, said he had not heard of any similar case of a U.S. university being subpoenaed for such records. He said the case brings back fears of the "red squads" of the 1950s and campus clampdowns on Vietnam War protesters. According to a copy obtained by The Associated Press, the Drake subpoena asks for records of the request for a meeting room, "all documents indicating the purpose and intended participants in the meeting, and all documents or recordings which would identify persons that actually attended the meeting." It also asks for campus security records "reflecting any observations made of the Nov. 15, 2003, meeting, including any records of persons in charge or control of the meeting, and any records of attendees of the meeting." Several officials of Drake, a private university with about 5,000 students, refused to comment. A source with knowledge of the investigation said a judge had issued a gag order forbidding them from discussing the subpoena.
A small debate has emerged between me and another person on Savoynet. In Princess Ida, Melissa is supposed to have grown up at a women's university, and to have never seen a man before in her life. Upon seeing one in Act II, she says, among other things, the following:
Their cheeks have not that pulpy softness which One gets so weary of in womankind
It was suggested that this line represents an inconsistency on behalf of Gilbert, the author: "Logically, she could not have grown weary of women's faces unless she knew that an alternative existed. You don't grow weary of things when--as far as you've ever known in your life--there is no other way." I don't think that I accept this principle. I posted:
I don't think I agree with this principle at all. Frankly, I've grown weary of the fact that it takes energy and effort to build friendships. I've never seen a friendship just magically appear, but I think it'd be cool if one did, because *I'm weary of the way it always works*. Or consider the "Belle Principle", taken from my favorite Disney Cartoon, Beauty & the Beast. Belle has lived in her small villiage since birth, and doesn't seem to have travelled. Nevertheless, she manages to "want much more than this provincial life". I see no contradiction at all in Melissa's having grown weary of women's faces, even if she's never seen a man's face.
It was justly pointed out to me that I was merely citing another fictional example in the Belle case -- but does anyone seriously think that Beauty & the Beast is psychologicaly unrealistic on the basis of Belle being weary of a town she's never left?
Borders appears to be offering a 20% discount on almost everything (books, DVDs, music, etc) to students tomorrow. Here's information about the Providence store... and it looks like a nation-wide thing. Just thought I'd share, because I'd be pissed off if I learned about it Monday.
This is a follow-up to my last post, regarding a civil suit against CBS claiming injury from the sight of Janet Jackson's breast:
"As a direct and proximate result of the broadcast of the acts, (Carlin) and millions of others saw the acts and were caused to suffer outrage, anger, embarrassment and serious injury," the lawsuit filed by Knoxville attorney Wayne A. Ritchie II states.
According to that reasoning, the citizens of St. Louis, Missouri might be entitled to a class action lawsuit against Fox Networks. After all, as a direct and proximate cause of a Fox broadcast, Rams fans everywhere were presumably caused to suffer outrange, anger, and embarassment. And if watching one's "team" pathetically lose a divisional playoff game at home isn't serious injury, I don't know what is. (Also: Maybe Kurt Warner should sue himself for causing embarassment. Like, several times.) As someone once said, "there was no part of that that wasn't fun."
A comment to a Crooked Timber post yesterday provides a link to this amazing story. You all know about Janet's right breast, right? It got revealed on national TV during Super Bowl halftime. (There's some controversy over whether it was intentional or not.) Well, a woman in Knoxville has filed a class action lawsuit, claiming that the viewing of the breast injured her and millions of other Super Bowl viewers.
Terri Carlin filed her lawsuit "on behalf of all Americans who watched the halftime show" in federal court in Knoxville. ... Carlin, who works at a Knoxville bank, said the exposure and "sexually explicit conduct" by other performers during the show injured viewers. "As a direct and proximate result of the broadcast of the acts, (Carlin) and millions of others saw the acts and were caused to suffer outrage, anger, embarrassment and serious injury," the lawsuit filed by Knoxville attorney Wayne A. Ritchie II states. It doesn't specify the type of serious injury.
I love this country. Here's a confusing bit:
"All of the defendants knew that the Super Bowl, the pre-eminent sports event in the United States, would be watched by millions of families and children," Ritchie wrote. "Nevertheless, (they) included in the halftime show sexually explicit acts solely designed to garner publicity and, ultimately, to increase profits for themselves."
Is it just me, or is that entirely not the right thing to be complaining about at all? It's not like the lawsuit is charging CBS et al with capitalism -- of course they wanted to increase profits. They're supposed to make a case that they've wrongfully damaged us. And of course there's this part:
Because the game is broadcast worldwide, Ritchie also wrote that the actions harmed the "standing and credibility" of Americans throughout the world.
I'm no expert on the non-American world, but my impression is that in most non-United States places around the world, a breast on TV is even less of a big deal than it is here. I find it very likely that this silly lawsuit does more to harm the international standing and credibility of the American people around the world than Janet's breast. I'm curious how sincere this is. I wonder if she's genuinely offended, or whether it's more about
Carlin's lawsuit seeks compensatory and punitive damages worth billions.
Money's fun. Suppose, hypothetically, that this class action lawsuit went to trial and was won. Would I get a cut of it? I'd like to amend this blog post by replacing every sentence in which I make clear my personal attitude toward the viewing of Janet Jackson's right breast with its negation.
I'm still exploring Kant -- something I've done surprisingly little of, given my station in life. Kant says the following in the Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals:
Moderation in affects and passions, self-control, and calm reflection are ... good for all sorts of purposes ... but they lack much that would be required to declare them good without limitation (however unconditionally they were praised by the ancients); for, without the basic principles of a good will they can become extremely evil, and the coolness of a scoundrel makes him not only far more dangerous but also immediately more abominable in our eyes that we would have taken him to be without it. 4:394
I rarely find myself in sympathy with the virtue ethicist, but I think Kant may be treating the position unfairly here. It seems to me that coolness (I mean that as a technical term, including moderation, self-control, reflection, intelligence, etc.) is a virtue, even in an evil person. Maybe one reason Kant got this one wrong is that he didn't have movies. Today, contemporary thinkers get to see lots of examples of cool evil people. Consider Hannibal Lecter from Silence of the Lambs. Hannibal is a good example because he's both extremely evil and extremely cool. Remember his brilliantly holding on to a hidden pen spring, leading up to his brilliant escape from his cell, his brutal murder of a guard, and his brilliant escape from his prison? (If you don't, just take my word for it -- he's both evil and brilliant.) If Kant's right, then Hannibal's coolness should be a vice -- it should make him appear "immediately more abominable", independent of the fact that it makes him more dangerous. To determine whether he's right, compare Hannibal with two new fictional characters I'm about to invent. First, consider Hannidull. Hannidull, just like Hannibal, is an evil psychopath. In fact, his will is evil to exactly the same extent -- he has identical murderous inclinations, and he decides to act on them exactly as often. However, unlike Hannibal, Hannidull is not cool. He's not a genius -- in fact, he's a little slow. We're not as worried about Hannidull as we are about Hannibal, because Kant's right about Hannidull being far less dangerous. But Kant makes two claims: "...the coolness of a scoundrel makes him (1) not only far more dangerous but also (2) immediately more abominable..." So yes, he's right about (1). But what about (2)? To run this comparison, we need to hold dangerousness constant. So consider Hannidull+. Hannidull+, internally, is just like Hannidull: he's evil and dull, to exactly the same extent. But Hannidull+, unlike both Hannidull and Hannibal, is very physically powerful. He's so powerful, that he's just as difficult to capture as the cool Hannibal, and just as likely, once captured, to escape. In short, his power compensates for his lack of coolness (in terms of dangerousness). So Hannidull+ is exactly as dangerous as Hannibal. If Kant is right, we should judge Hannibal to be "more abominable" than Hannidull+, because he's "cooler". But that's not my intuition, and I'm guessing it's not the most common one, either. Once we hold dangerousness constant, Hannibal is more praiseworthy than Hannidull+, precisely because he's cooler. Hannibal is a better person than Hannidull+ (it's too bad about that evil psychopath thing, though). That is to say, coolness seems to be praiseworthy, even in evil people.
This is an old question relevant to Kantian moral philosophy. I've done so much circular thinking about it that I no longer find my intuition to be very interesting, so I'd like to run a quick poll. People who have done work with Kantian ethics will indubitably have seen this before. I'll set it up kind of the same way Kant does: Here are three people, all of whom end up perfoming the same action. Which is, morally speaking, the best?
A: Shopkeeper A is motivated solely by making money. He reasons that if he treats his customers fairly and is nice to them, they'll become repeat customers, recommend friends, etc. So he treats them fairly and is nice to them. B: Shopkeeper B just gets a kick out of making people happy. It makes him feel good to make other people feel good, so he treats his customers fairly and is nice to them. C: Shopkeeper C hates people. Also, he likes money, and is constantly tempted to cheat his customers. And maybe to kick them, too, because he'd like it if they experienced pain. But he knows that this would be morally wrong. So he treats his customers fairly and is nice to them, because it's his duty.
I take it everyone will agree that A is less good than either B or C. But which of B and C is better?
Happy Birthday, Lenora Braham.
It seems I was (very slightly) too quick in dismissing the horrible Descartes joke I quickly dismissed a couple months ago. Remember, the horrible joke:
Descartes is sitting at a bar. The bartender asks him if he wants another drink. "I think not," says Descartes. Suddenly, Descartes disappears.
And remember also, the reason that the joke was horrible: Descartes famously said, "I think, therefore I am," but he didn't say, nor does it follow, nor is it true, that "I do not think, therefore I am not" would be a valid inference. But I was reading Meditation Two today, and I do see that he did say the following:
I am; I exist -- this is certain. But for how long? For as long as I am thinking; for perhaps it could also come to pass that if I were to cease all thinking I would then utterly cease to exist. At this time I admit nothing that is not necessarily true. Descartes, Meditations on First Philosophy, Meditation Two, 27
In light of this passage, I feel that I ought to add one more to my list of more-acceptable Descartes-in-a-bar-joke alternatives: Descartes is sitting in a bar. He finishes his drink, and the bartender asks him if he'll have another. "I think not," says Descartes. Suddenly, Descartes disappears for all he knows. Ok, so the other ones are funnier.
I blogged a couple weeks ago about CBS's Super Bowl ad censorship. Today I notice that MoveOn.org provides a link to the censored commercial in question. They also provide a form for sending complaint email to CBS. Here is the text they suggest I forward to my friends:
Subject: The ad CBS will not air Dear friend, During this year's Super Bowl, you'll see ads sponsored by beer companies, tobacco companies, and the Bush White House. But you won't see the winning ad in MoveOn.org Voter Fund's Bush in 30 Seconds ad contest. CBS refuses to air it. Meanwhile, the White House and Congressional Republicans are on the verge of signing into law a deal which Senator John McCain (R-AZ) says is custom-tailored for CBS and Fox, allowing the two networks to grow much bigger. CBS lobbied hard for this rule change; MoveOn.org members across the country lobbied against it; and now the MoveOn.org ad has been rejected while the White House ad will be played. It looks an awful lot like CBS is playing politics with the right to free speech. Of course, this is bigger than just the MoveOn.org Voter Fund. People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) submitted an ad that was also rejected. We need to let CBS know that this practice of arbitrarily turning down ads that may be "controversial" – especially if they're controversial simply because they take on the President – just isn't right. To watch the ad that CBS won't air and sign the petition to CBS to run these ads, go to: http://www.moveon.org/cbs/ad/ MoveOn.org will deliver the petition by email directly to CBS headquarters. Thanks.
I hadn't heard about this bill. Sounds like something I want to know more about.
I've moved my counter from the bottom of the page to the top. I think that some ISPs make my blog appear oddly (I know that from JMP, only about a third of it loads unless you're willing to wait about ten minutes). I think that this change will give me a more accurate report, and I can't see why it should have any negative effects, beyond possibly being slightly annoying to have to look at a little colored box at the top of my blog. Please let me know if this manages to cause trouble, or if that little box/quote is really annoying. And just for the heck of it, and because that box creates some blank space, I think I'll go ahead and institute a Gilbert & Sullivan quotation of the however-often-I-update-it.
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Anthropology @ UBC
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Category Archives: ANTH100
A Good Question
The idea here is that if one can generate a ‘good question’ from ones readings, listening to lecture or podcast, or watching video, one is well on the way toward effective learning. If one is able to pose a question, a question that engages with the material at hand, that integrates it across domains of thought, then one is really moving forward with understanding and being able to use the knowledge one gains.
The good question exercise is one I often use in teaching. But more than that, it is an approach to learning and research that I use myself.
I try first to understand a piece of writing, say on a subject that is new to me or one that I might have a divergent perspective from the author. I am a strong believer in the efficacy of comprehension before critique. It is so easy to create a shopping list of all the things wrong with something I disagree with. It is more intellectually challenging to try and understand the logic, perspective, data, and argument of an author first. It will ultimately make any critique (positive or negative) more effective and nuanced in the long run. In my blog post ‘What does the prof want?‘ I discuss this approach in a bit more detail with an eye toward effective study technique.
Here is a standard set of instructions that I often use as the basis of a group activity in a class.
Each group is to generate two or three ‘good’ questions based on the reading assignments. Take a few minutes -no more than five- to brainstorm ideas within the group. Write them down so that you can consider them. These ideas should not be fully formed questions.
Next, review the ideas and begin to design questions from them. Ask yourself if the questions challenge you to think through the issues of fieldwork or do they help you understand the context of the two research sites. Be mindful that the answers must be in the readings and/or film. Also, the questions should not be designed to elicit opinion; they should require reference to information from the readings listed above.
After everyone in the group has asked and discussed the questions revise and winnow the questions to two or three that you would be interested in presenting to the class.
As part of this process you should also sketch out a brief answer to each of the questions.
After finalizing the questions each group will present one question to the discussion group. At the end of this session hand in the questions and answers.
Whether used as a group activity, or an individual learning technique, the idea behind the good question draws upon a variation of Bloom’s Taxonomy. This is a kind of hierarchy of learning and knowledge. Imagine that the first step is simple memory and recall. Then we start to build comprehension. We apply our knowledge in some way. From there we start to analysis novel situations with our knowledge, link it together synthetically with other types of knowledge and then finally are able to evaluate (or critique our knowledge).
The good question approach is based on an idea of active learning – go beyond memory work- integrate the knowledge into one’s one understanding and make use of it. Doing it this way is one effective way to become a more proficient learner and ultimately a better researcher.
Posted in ANTH100, ANTH220, ANTH330, close reading, exams, study tips | Leave a comment
A Fathers’ Day Reading List for the New Year
When my own sons were young my partner gave me a copy of Patrimony by Philip Roth for father’s day. A little while later I came across an unexpected book by ecological anthropologist Ben Orlove, In my Father’s Study. These are books that have stayed with me.
The first is a tale of a son’s journey with a father at the end of his life.
The second is a story of a son coming to learn about his father, to come to an adult appreciation of him, after the father’s death. It’s a touching memoire. I’ve used it a few times in my teaching but my 20/30-something students respond to it rather differently than I. For them it is simply one more book on a reading list while for me it led me to think about my life as a father and as a son.
I’ve spent a great many hours with my own father. As a child following him around as he worked on his fishing boat. As a young adult working with him on the same boat. And later in life visiting with him, keeping each other company sometimes talking about the past, often about his health, and occasionally about my own work. Coming across Orlove’s book, almost by accident, has led me to gather over the decades an eclectic little library of books reflecting upon fathers and sons. Here, in sense of order, is a selection of my favourites.
In My Father’s Study. Ben Orlove. U.Iowa Press. 1995
A Life in the Bush: lessons from my father. Roy MacGregor. Viking, 1999. A loving tale of a northern Ontario father by one of Canada’s favourite journalists.
Waterline: of fathers, sons, and boats. Joe Soucheray. David R. Godin, Publisher. 1996(1989). A memoire about restoring a boat, but its far more than that.
For Joshua. Richard Wagamese. Anchor Canada. 2003(2002).
To See Every Bird on Earth: a father, a son, a lifelong obsession. Dan Koeppel. Plume. 2006.
Lost in America. Sherwin Nuland. Vintage. 2004.
Patrimony. Phillip Roth. Touchstone. 2001.
My Father’s Wars. Alisse Waterston. 2013.
Fatherless. Keith Maillard. 2019.
There are more – but this is more than enough for a start.
Posted in ANTH100, ANTH500, anthropology, anthropology profiles, book reviews, Books, family, gender | Leave a comment
A UBC School of Anthropology?
Could there be a UBC School of Anthropology? That is an interesting question. As one of the top ranked anthropology departments in Canada one may well like to think there is something unique about our program and some quality and impact among our members past and present. But rankings, desires, and aspirations do not make a school. What might be the core aspect of such a school of thought if one could be said to exist?
Harry Hawthorn founded UBC’s anthropology department in 1947. Under his direction the department produced volumes of theses and dissertations concerning Indigenous peoples in Canada. While the department’s research focus has expanded geographically, we do retain a strong cohort of faculty and graduate students working with and among Indigenous communities in Canada and abroad. Our program is also entwined with the Museum of Anthropology, founded by Audrey Hawthorn in 1949. However, though some of the Museum’s faculty are co-appointed in anthropology, not all of them are and the Museum is a stand-alone institution with it’s own institutional character and mandate. As with the department, the museum has a strong focus on research with and among Indigenous communities.
There are at least four strands of work emerging out of UBC Anthropology’s engagement with Indigenous-based research: an empirically-based tradition of ethnography linked to provision of expert testimony, an empirically-based traditional of field archaeology, a structuralist Levi-Straus influenced ethnographic practice, and a materialist tradition of political economy. These are not hermetically sealed categories and colleagues may not necessarily agree with this grouping, but when one examines closely the corpus of our department’s publications relating to Indigenous communities on the north west coast of North America one can clearly see these general streams of work.
Under Harry Hawthorn’s direction several decades of empirically grounded graduate studies of Indigenous communities were produced. Hawthorn himself led two major government funded projects “The Indians of British Columbia: a study of contemporary social adjustment” (Hawthorn, Belshaw, and Jamieson 1955) and “A Survey of the Contemporary Indians of Canada (Hawthorn 1966). These, and other similar reports, examined the socio-economic state of Indigenous peoples with recommendations for accommodating Indigenous peoples within the mainstream economy.
Hawthorn was not alone among his colleagues of the day in engaging in applied, policy, or expert witness research (see, Kew 2017 for his personal reflection on a history of applied research). Wilson Duff, whose work was pivotal in making William Beynon’s fieldwork accessible to several generations of students, was a key expert in the Nisga’a land claims, commonly called The Calder Decision (Forster, Raven, and Webber, 2007). Duff, who worked at the Royal Museum of BC before taking up an appointment at UBC was a thorough empirical researcher interested in not simply what was, but also how Indigenous communities found their way in the contemporary moment. Michael Kew, who began teaching at UBC in 1965, already had amassed a strong history of applied anthropology before he began at UBC. With a BA from UBC (where he had studied with, among others, Harry Hawthorn) Kew found work with Duff at the BC provincial museum in 1956 (Kew 2017). From the museum he went to work for the Centre for Community Studies, University of Saskatchewan. He returned to graduate studies in 1963 in the doctoral program in anthropology at the University of Washington (PhD completed 1970). All the while his work focused understanding the ways Indigenous communities persisted and adapted in the face of fundamental social transformation.
These early members of the department were trained in an anthropological approach the prioritized detailed empirical fieldwork with community-based knowledge holders. Their work involved both a consideration of historical practices predating colonialism and the contemporary adaptations of Indigenous peoples (see, for example Hawthorn 1966; Duff 1964). Closer in sensibility to the British structural functionalists than with Boasian particularism, they were very much interested in how things worked and how change wrought by colonialization emerged within the contemporary period.
Archaeology was not originally part of the anthropology program at UBC. Instead, an amateur archaeologist and Germanic Studies professor, Charles Borden, initiated it (West 1995). “In the 1960s Borden would reflect that Drucker’s words [see Drucker 1943:128] … instigated his early amateur involvement in B.C. archaeology: ‘Drucker’s report … had a profound influence on the present writer. It was the direct impact of his publication which in 1945 prompted me to initiate a series of salvage projects at potentially important but rapidly vanishing sites within the city limits of Vancouver.” (quoted in West, 1995:6-7). Wilson Duff had been an undergraduate student of Borden’s. Working together in the 1940s and ‘50s, Borden and Duff conducted some of the earliest scientific archaeology in the province. They also joined with the Musqueam Indian Band in 1946 to initiate one of the earliest archaeological partnerships between a university and a First Nation in the province (Roy 2006). Later, as an employee of the provincial museum, Duff created the journal Anthropology in BC that came to play an important role in the professionalization of archaeology in BC (West 1995).
Duff, Hawthorn, and Borden collaborated in establishing a provincial research program that linked social anthropology and archaeology. Duff, from his position at the provincial museum “sent Borden and his UBC colleague, Harry Hawthorn, a series of recommendations based on the assessment that provincial archaeological sites were in danger of destruction, by both urban expansion and proposed hydro electric dam projects (West 1995:27). They also coordinated in having legislation set in place to regulate and professionalize archaeological excavation. They also lobbied to have developers, not the government, pay for the cost of archaeological research (West 1995:27). A decade of lobbying resulted in the passage into law of the Archaeological and Historic Sites Protection Act in 1960, the forerunner of today’s Heritage Conservation Act.
As West observed the early UBC anthropological tradition (circa 1945-1970) closely linked socio-cultural anthropologists and archaeologists in a common pursuit of the scientific study of Indigenous peoples in British Columbia (1995). These foundational figures of the UBC School placed a higher value in scientific study than they did in the beliefs of their Indigenous research collaborators – at least in terms of historical truth. Duff’s and Kew’s expert opinion research, for instance, relied upon interviews with Indigenous knowledge holders to document historical practices but they also drew upon archival records and archaeological and (in some cases) ecological data to triangulate their conclusions.
The mid-twentieth century anthropological stability was shaken by the rise of new ideas in the academy ushered in on the tails of national liberation struggles in the heartland of anthropological fieldsites (Latin America, Africa, Asia, and Indigenous North America) and the new social movements of the metropole (Patterson 2001). At UBC these changes first appeared in the form a Marxist influenced political economy (the later more evident among the students than the faculty) and a theoretical interest in Levi-Strausian structuralism.
Marxist influenced political economy had few faculty adherents in anthropology at UBC, most of the Marxist influences came from new hires in the sociology side of the program (circa 1970s). There were other materialists and empiricists within anthropology in the form of archaeologists and carryovers from the Hawthorn-Duff period, but they were not necessarily advocates of Marxist theory. The most explicit political economists were among the graduate students.
Between 1977 and 1995 five dissertations (Kobrinsky 1973, Pritchard 1977, McDonald 1985, Boxberger 1986, Littlefield 1995) and at least three MA theses (Wake 1984, Legare 1986, McIntosh 1987) engaged in some significant way with Marxist influenced political economy (though the authors may well eschew a Marxist label). There were additional theses, such as Sparrow’s (1976) work and life history of her paternal grandparents or Brown’s (1993) analysis of Indigenous cannery work that, while not specifically political economy, did engage with a common subject matter (labour, labour organisation, and working class experience).
The political economists, though considerate and respectful of Indigenous community sentiments, were also interested in documenting processes of change and transformation and analyzing such change in the context of a theoretical model external to Indigenous systems of knowledge. Pritchard examined how Haisla involvement in the industrial capitalist economy undermined their traditional social organization. McDonald analyzed how the development of industrial resource capitalism in north western British Columbia simultaneously underdeveloped Kitsumkalem’s Indigenous economy. Boxberger’s dissertation also examines the way the Lummi’s incorporation within a capitalist economy served to disadvantage them vis-à-vis their access to elements of the mainstream capitalist economy. Littlefield differs from the other three with an explicit feminist analysis in her study of Sne-nay-muxw women’s eemployment, though she too is interested in how this Coast Salish community was incorporated into the capitalist economy. In each of these cases the notion of truth was not so much about the truth vested in Indigenous oral narratives, but the truth of specific transformation in material conditions of life and how that was shifting Indigenous social and cultural organization.
The structuralist approach, represented on faculty by Pierra Maranda, and among graduate students by people like Marjorie Halpin (1973; who became a faculty member in 1973), Martine Reid (1981), and Dominque Legross (1981), had an effervescence quickly displaced by the growing interest in interpretive and post-modern anthropology, a tendency that has gripped mainstream anthropology for several decades now (in various and often competing, forms). The French structuralist moment was driven by Levi-Straus’s ideas of binary oppositions and the notion that the meaning of ritual, myth, and cultural institutions did not reside in what people said they were but were rather notions that emerged from the structure of mind. While key local knowledge holders were valued – the analytic frame was one that located meanings and truth somewhere other than the surface statements. The French structuralists did not accept that Indigenous oral history was in any way a true history (or that historical truth was of central importance); for them, the truth lay in what the ‘myths’ revealed about structure of mind.
This kind of structuralism was fairly short lived, compared to other approaches within anthropology, and was replaced in the 1980s and 1990s with a discourse, narrative, and community-focussed kind of anthropology. While the externalist idea of applying theories and models to Indigenous peoples, narratives, and communities continued, now it was done with an eye toward giving ‘voice to the voiceless.’ These developments occurred within the context of a discipline that was turning to a consideration of how one might write as being as important (if not more so) than what one might write about (Marcus and Fisher 1986). The earlier empiricism of UBC’s founding anthropologists was gradually being displaced by a more post-modern (Marcus and Fisher 1986) or cultural studies approach that was less interested in interrogating knowledge holders as to the veracity of their statements and more interested in revealing and celebrating internal cultural logics and expressions.
Even with the post-modernist turn Anthropology at UBC continued to be primarily driven by theoretical frames and models that saw Indigenous peoples and communities as a source of data to apply their external theories to. Clearly the works of UBC anthropologists such as, but not limited to, Michael Ames, Julie Cruickshank, Bruce G. Miller, or Robbin Riddington demonstrate a deep-seated respect for Indigenous peoples and societies. Yet the concerns they focus on, while respectful and imbued with an Indigenous sensibility, were not slavish beholden to a literalist interpretation of Indigenous narrative. These are scholars who engage with real Indigenous communities, consider their perspectives, and apply their academic training to making sense of the actually lived worlds of people they care about. Respectful research has deep roots at UBC.
Leona Sparrow, currently Director of Treaty, Lands, and Resources, Musqueam, described the importance of documenting Indigenous perspectives of work through a life and work history of her paternal grandparents (1976:1-4). In the opening section of his dissertation, James McDonald (1985) describes the process of gaining permission to conduct research with Kitsumkalum First Nation.
“At the time when I was considering specific topics and seeking a study area, there occurred a happy coincidence: Kitsunkalum Band Council decided it wanted an anthropologist to make a study of their social history that would assist them in their land claims and economic development. Since I intended to do an historical study of the political economy of an Indian population, our paths came together in a mutually beneficial way. A relationship developed between the Council and myself in which the Band Council provided me with contacts, material support, guidance, and encouragement that not only facilitated the study greatly, but also lent it an orientation that incorporate Indian as well as academic expectations” (McDonald 1985: 22).
Sparrow’s approach prefigures, and defines, what UBC anthropologists can clearly claim as one of the core attributes of their Indigenous-focussed research. McDonald’s dissertation show the practice in full form: respectful of community expectations, field-based, focussed on long term relations that take into account Indigenous perspectives while being firmly rooted within the protocols of scholarly discipline-based research. Members of the UBC School may well approach research questions from different theoretical perspectives or personal experiences, but do so from a common commitment to respectful fact-based and community-grounded research.
The UBC School, if one can be said to exist, can be summed up as our colleague Bruce G. Miller has recently done: “The persistent theme at UBC, … for all of us, independent of where we were trained, was engagement and the department decided around 2014 that the collective identity was of “grounded” researchers, whose research questions arose primarily from pressing questions derived from work with living populations” (2018:18). Miller goes on to say it would be incorrect to suggest we are “simply applied as opposed to theoretical or that these two stand in opposition” (2018:18). Rather, our approach reflects the fact that we are very much engaged with the “highly dynamic situation regarding Indigenous rights and their place in Canadian society. Especially over the last two decades First Nations have achieved a significant level of self-governance along with key legal victories concerning the Crown’s obligation to consult with them concerning economic development and the Crown’s fiduciary obligations” (Miller 2018:18).
The UBC School’s principle of engagement can be seen throughout and beyond the Department of Anthropology and across much of its history. Borden’s partnership with Musqueam, and specifically with Andrew Charles Sr., created a relationship that persists and was recognized in UBC’s Memorandum of Affiliation with the Musqueam Indian Band, on whose unceded territory UBC sites, in 2007. Department scholars have developed and maintained long-standing partnerships with communities (many Indigenous, but not all) around the word. This work strives for equitable and respectful rapport toward research that is empirically based, theoretically thoughtful, cognizant of historical and structural asymmetries, and directed toward meaningful and mutually beneficial goals. Work of this order facilitates, rather than impedes science by advancing our cumulative understanding of complex issues and assessing our vulnerabilities to ethnocentric assumptions and bias.
This is an excerpt from “I was surprised:” The UBC School and Hearsay. A Reply to David Henige. C. Menzies and A. Martindale. Journal of Northwest Anthropology. Vol. 53.
The Journal of Northwest Anthropology invites the readers of this blog to read the original opinion piece by David Henige and the full response from Andrew Martindale and myself, which can be found at www.northwestanthropology.com/dashboard. Use the password: JONA2019 [after March 31, 2019].
Posted in ANTH100, ANTH500, anthropology profiles, ubc anthropologists | Leave a comment
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Posts Tagged ‘Lasse Hallstrom’
Soundtrack Album for Lasse Hallstrom’s ‘The Hypnotist’ to Be Released
Tags: Lasse Hallstrom, Oscar Fogelström, score, Soundtrack, The Hypnotist
Lakeshore Records will release the first-ever soundtrack album for Lasse Hallstrom’s 2012 Swedish crime thriller The Hypnotist (Hypnotisören). The album features the film’s original music composed by Oscar Fogelström (Aurora). The soundtrack will be released digitally this Friday, November 1 and is now available for pre-order on Amazon. The Hypnotist is directed by Hallstrom (The […]
‘The Nutcracker and the Four Realms’ Soundtrack Details
Tags: James Newton Howard, Lasse Hallstrom, score, Soundtrack, The Nutcracker and the Four Realms
Walt Disney Records has announced the full details of the soundtrack album for the fantasy adventure The Nutcracker and the Four Realms. The album features the film’s music composed by James Newton Howard (The Hunger Games, King Kong, The Sixth Sense, Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them) based on themes from Tchaikovsky’s classic 1892 ballet score. The music was recorded […]
Walt Disney Records to Release ‘The Nutcracker and the Four Realms’ Soundtrack
Posted: September 24, 2018 by filmmusicreporter in Film Music Albums
Tags: Gustavo Dudamel, James Newton Howard, Lasse Hallstrom, score, Soundtrack, The Nutcracker and the Four Realms
Walt Disney Records will release the official soundtrack album for the fantasy adventure The Nutcracker and the Four Realms. The album features the film’s music composed by James Newton Howard (The Hunger Games, King Kong, The Sixth Sense, Signs, Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them, The Fugitive) and conducted by Gustavo Dudamel. The soundtrack […]
Gustavo Dudamel Conducting James Newton Howard’s ‘The Nutcracker and the Four Realms’ Score
Posted: December 19, 2017 by filmmusicreporter in Film Music News
Tags: Gustavo Dudamel, James Newton Howard, Lasse Hallstrom, The Nutcracker and the Four Realms
Walt Disney Pictures has announced Los Angeles Philharmonic musical director Gustavo Dudamel as the conductor of the James Newton Howard‘s score for the studios’ upcoming fantasy adventure The Nutcracker and the Four Realms. The movie is directed by Lasse Hallstrom (Chocolat, The Cider House Rules) and stars Keira Knighley, Mackenzie Foy, Misty Copeland, Morgan Freeman and Helen […]
‘A Dog’s Purpose’ Soundtrack Announced
Posted: January 23, 2017 by filmmusicreporter in Film Music Albums
Tags: A Dog's Purpose, Lasse Hallstrom, Rachel Portman, score, Soundtrack
Back Lot Music will release the official soundtrack album for the family drama A Dog’s Purpose. The album features the film’s original music composed by Academy Award winner Rachel Portman (Emma, The Cider House Rules, Chocolat, Never Let Me Go, The Vow). The soundtrack will be released digitally this Friday, January 27 and is now available for pre-order on Amazon, where you […]
James Newton Howard to Score Francis Lawrence’s ‘Red Sparrow’ & Disney’s ‘The Nutcracker and the Four Realms’
Posted: November 15, 2016 by filmmusicreporter in Film Scoring Assignments
Tags: Francis Lawrence, James Newton Howard, Lasse Hallstrom, Red Sparrow, The Nutcracker and the Four Realms
James Newton Howard revealed during a press tour promoting his upcoming concert series that he will be reteaming with director Francis Lawrence on the spy thriller Red Sparrow. The film starring Jennifer Lawrence & Joel Edgerton is based on the Jason Matthews novel of the same name and is set in modern-day Russia in the intelligence bureaucracy. The movie follows […]
Rachel Portman Scoring Lasse Hallstrom’s ‘A Dog’s Purpose’
Posted: July 26, 2016 by filmmusicreporter in Film Scoring Assignments
Tags: A Dog's Purpose, Lasse Hallstrom, Rachel Portman
Rachel Portman is reteaming with director Lasse Hallstrom on the upcoming drama A Dog’s Purpose. The film starring Dennis Quaid, Britt Robertson, Peggy Lipton, K.J. Apa, Juliet Rylance, Luke Kirby, John Ortiz and Pooch Hal is based on the bestselling 2010 novel of the same title by W. Bruce Cameron and centers on one devoted dog (voiced […]
‘The Hundred-Foot Journey’ Soundtrack Details
Posted: July 31, 2014 by filmmusicreporter in Film Music Albums
Tags: A.R. Rahman, Lasse Hallstrom, score, Soundtrack, The Hundred-Foot Journey
Hollywood Records will release a soundtrack album for the comedy drama The Hundred-Foot Journey. The album features the film’s original music composed by Academy Award winner A.R. Rahman (Slumdog Millionaire, 127 Hours, Million Dollar Arm). Also included are songs performed by Bollywood music singer Nakash Aziz and mezzo-soprano Solange Merdinian. The soundtrack will be released digitally on August 12, […]
A.R. Rahman to Score ‘The Hundred-Foot Journey’
Tags: A.R. Rahman, Lasse Hallstrom, The Hundred-Foot Journey
A.R. Rahman has been hired to score the upcoming drama The Hundred-Foot Journey. The film is directed by Lasse Hallstrom and stars Helen Mirren and Manish Dayal. The movie follows an Indian family who moves to Southern France and opens an Indian restaurant a hundred feet across the street from a Michelin starred French restaurant. […]
‘Safe Haven’ Score Album Details
Posted: February 3, 2013 by filmmusicreporter in Film Music Albums
Tags: Deborah Lurie, Lasse Hallstrom, Safe Haven, score, Soundtrack
Relativity Music Group will release a score album for Lasse Hallstrom’s romantic drama Safe Haven. The album features the film’s original score composed by Deborah Lurie who previously collaborated with the director on Dear John and An Unfinished Life. The soundtrack will be released digitally on February 12, 2013 and is now available for pre-order […]
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Money Talks but needs elocution lessons
Elon Lindenstrauss, Ngo Bao Chua, Stanislav Smirnov and Cedric Villani are awarded the Fields Medal for their work in mathematics.
Fields Medals are awarded every four years to mathematicians no older than 40, and two to four mathematicians can receive them each time they are presented. Canadian mathematician John Charles Fields created the medals, which were first awarded in 1936. Along with a gold medallion inscribed with the winner’s name, the awards bring a cash prize of about $13,300.
The prize winning topic was “Mathematics doesn’t pay.” In his research, Israeli Elon Lindenstrauss showed how he could earn more working part-time at H&R Block. Vietnamese Professor Ngo also proved that the cash was barely equivalent to what he makes at the Hewlett Packard Call Center; Ngo further noted that “the math wasn’t as much fun as deliberately misinforming Americans”. Frenchman Villiani postulated that only accurate mathematics does not pay; in his research as a headwaiter at a three-star Michellin restaurant, he demonstrated how you can make a three look like a nine on a check.
As both a Russian and a mathematician, Smirnov proved that money is a foreign concept. Smirnov also offered the most interesting response when asked how he would spend his prize money. “I will give the money to the first person who threatens to kill me.” Being civic-minded, he hoped that it would be a Russian policeman rather than some other criminal.
p.s. Let’s not forget the historic significance of this day:
If Only Lincoln and Douglas Debated Today
On this day in 1858, Abraham Lincoln and Stephen Douglas held the first of seven debates in their campaign for the U.S. Senate. Each debate lasted three hours and addressed only one question. Somehow the two men carried on without an interrogating panel of reporters or pundits. It evidently was a more primitive time. Here is how a modern debate would have been….
Reporter: Mr. Lincoln, you are quoted as saying that “A house divided against itself cannot stand.” What is the basis of your harsh criticism of the American construction industry?
Lincoln: You misunderstand me. It is a quotation from the Bible which I used as metaphor reflecting the divisive issue of slavery.
Douglas: I refuse to believe that the Bible is critical of the American construction industry. May God forgive you, Mr. Lincoln!
Pundit: Mr. Douglas, you were known to have courted Mary Todd before she married Mr. Lincoln. Do you believe that she is too promiscuous to be a senator’s wife?
Douglas: Let me assure the public that I will never be the first to exhibit daguerreotypes of the naked Mrs. Lincoln for political purposes. And I invite Mr. Lincoln to make the same pledge.
Lincoln: What?
Commentator: Mr. Lincoln, during your one term in Congress, you opposed the Mexican War. Do you hate our soldiers or do you just prefer Mexicans?
Lincoln: I oppose unnecessary wars.
Douglas: While I would not question the patriotism of my craven, timorous opponent, I have always been a full-throated supporter of victory–and I am adamantly opposed to defeat.
Psychologist: Mr. Douglas, you are a proponent of popular sovereignty. Yet, being an embarrassingly short man with a pompous personality, you certainly are not as popular as the affable Mr. Lincoln. What in your miserable childhood led you into politics?
Douglas: My dedication to public service and the opportunity for revenge.
Lincoln: Do you really have naked daguerreotypes of my wife?
This entry was posted on Saturday, August 21st, 2010 at 12:55 pm and is filed under General. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.
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Home» Proceedings-GEE 2020
Proceedings-GEE 2020
Proceedings – First IEOM Global Engineering Education Conference, Atlanta, USA, November 15-16, 2020
ISSN: ISBN: Program
How to Teach for Future Talents (Keynote Abstract)
Professor Tae-Eog Lee, Department of Industrial & Systems Engineering, Korea Advance Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), South Korea
Leveraging Industry to Prepare Students – A Reflection (Keynote Abstract)
Gil Morris, Program Manager, Strategic University Relations, Siemens Digital Industries Software, Oxford, Michigan
A Mobile Robot Programmable Remote Laboratory for Engineering Education
Rafael Franco-Vera, Computer Science Department, Texas Southern University, Texas, USA;
Xuemin Chen, Department of Engineering Technology, Texas Southern University, Texas, USA;
Wei Wayne Li, Computer Science Department, Texas Southern University, Texas, USA; and,
Hamid R. Parsaei, Industrial & Systems Engineering, Texas A&M University, Texas, USA
A Conceptual Model for Analysis the Role of Knowledge Management in Organizational Performance in the Quality Assurance of the Higher Education
Kharisma Haddist and Naniek Utami Handayani, Department of Industrial Engineering, Diponegoro University, Semarang, 50275, Indonesia
Challenges in Teaching Industrial Engineering Courses in Online Mode During Covid Times
RRK Sharma, Department of Industrial and management Engineering, IIT Kanpur, India
Industrial Attachment, Internship and Training for Undergraduate Engineering Students: Current Scenario and Industry 4.0 Incorporation
A.R.M. Harunur Rashid, Department of Mechanical and Production Engineering, Islamic University of Technology (IUT), Board Bazar, Gazipur, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Educating Next Generation of Engineers
Albertus Retnanto, Professor, Petroleum Engineering, Texas A&M University at Qatar, Doha, Qatar;
Hamid R. Parsaei, Professor, Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA; and
Boback Parsaei, Integrated Technology Systems, Inc., Houston, Texas, USA
Opportunities for Flipping the Classroom in Order to Develop Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTs)
Arunachalam Ramanathan, Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Department, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
Authentic Assessment for Engaging Under Performing Students in a Synchronous Online Teaching Mode
Ilham Kissani, Assistant Professor of Engineering & Management Science, School of Science & Engineering, Al Akhawayn University, Ifrane, Morocco
Experience with the Transition to Online Education during the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Czech Republic
Jiri Tupa, Department of Technologies and Measurement, University of West Bohemia in Pilsen, University 8, Czech Republic
Systems Framework for Global Engineering Education Curriculum
Adedeji Badiru, Dean of the Graduate School of Engineering and Management, Air Force Institute of Technology, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio, USA
An Online STEM Summer Education Program: Helping Students Develop Interest in STEM
Celestine Aguwa, Egbe-Etu Etu, Joshua Emakhu, Lezlie Bueno, and Dr. Leslie Monplaisir, Department of Industrial & Systems Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
Online Education: Training Future Talent Remotely
Sara Amani, Department of Multi-disciplinary Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, and Hamid R. Parsaei, Department of industry and Systems, Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
Innovation and Entrepreneurship Pattern for Undergraduate Education
Jihong Yan, Professor in Industrial Engineering, Deputy Dean of School of Mechatronics Engineering and Head of intelligent Manufacturing Scientific Research Team, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
Transnational Engineering Education during the COVID-19 Pandemic Disruption
Ammar Aamer, Operations & Supply Chain Management Consultant, Ontario, Canada and Former Professor and Dean of Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Sampoerna University, Jakarta, Indonesia
Introducing Active Learning Strategies into Online Classes for Japanese Engineering Students
Rumi Tobita, Center for Liberal Arts and Sciences of Engineering Department, Ashikaga University, Tochigi, Japan
The Challenges for Teaching in Virtual Environment: Learning Tools for Engineering Education in the Quality Field
Luz María Valdez de la Rosa, Engineering Department, School of Engineering and Technologies, Universidad de Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
Critical Success Factors for Sustainable Online Engineering Education in Bangladesh
Ferdous Sarwar, Department of Industrial and Production Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh, and S.M. Ahmed, Department of Industrial and Production Engineering, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh
The Effect of COVID19 Pandemic on Academic Accreditation
Abdelhakim Abdelhadi, Associate Professor, Department of Engineering Management, College of Engineering, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Music & Official Music Videos
Links & Social Media
Mark Anthony’s blog
‘The Evening Session’ radio show for Shoreditch Radio
‘The Music Connection’ music column, for the ‘N8 Communicator’ magazine
The Meds Collective
Lyrical Strangers
Nyther Silence
MARK ANTHONY’S 2ND SOLO ALBUM “A HISTORY OF THE FUTURE IN MUSIC”, IS OUT NOW.
CLICK HERE TO DOWNLOAD THE ALBUM NOW FROM I-TUNES.
CLICK HERE TO DOWNLOAD THE ALBUM NOW FROM SPOTIFY.
MARK ANTHONY’S DEBUT SOLO ALBUM “RECKLESS CAUTION”, IS OUT NOW.
CLICK HERE TO DOWNLOAD THE ALBUM NOW FROM AMAZON.
IF YOU WOULD LIKE TO PURCHASE A CD COPY OF THE ALBUM FOR £7.99, PLEASE USE OUR CONTACT FORM TO REQUEST A COPY.
Mark Anthony grew up in London, England, where he had a deep interest in football and music.
in 2009, Mark formed ‘The Meds Collective with his childhood friends Paul Lee & Hi Breed; and in December 2011; they released their album ‘Heartbreaks & Remedies’, before releasing their EP ‘Change’ in January 2013.
These releases were followed up with various tours and shows in & around the UK.
The group split in June 2014.
Following this, Mark began writing, recording and performing music as a solo artist.
On 31st October 2016; Mark released his debut solo album “Reckless Caution”.
After years of collaborating with several artists, on 30th March 2020; Mark’s group Lyrical Strangers released their debut album “Brand New Day” .
On 30th October 2020; Mark’s other group Nyther Silence, released their debut album “Urban Tales”
On 17th September 2021; Mark went onto release his second solo album “A History of the future in music”
Click here to visit Mark’s blog, which is updated regularly: http://markanthonymusic.blogspot.co.uk/
Mark Anthony © 2022. All Rights Reserved.
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Smoke Inhalation in Dogs
Lung Damage Due to Smoke Inhalation in Dogs
In smoke inhalation, injury occurs as a result of direct heat damage to the upper airway and lining of the nose. Injury to the tissue is seen after inhalation of carbon monoxide, which decreases tissue oxygen delivery by binding to red blood cells; inhalation of other toxins that directly irritate the airway (e.g., oxidants and aldehydes); and inhalation of particulate matter that adheres to the airways and small air sacs in the lungs.
The extent of damage depends on the degree and duration of exposure to smoke and the material that was burning. Dogs may have serious lung injury with little evidence of burning on their skin. Lung reaction is initially symptomized by constriction of the lungs, airway swelling, and mucus production, followed by an inflammatory response in the trachea and bronchial area, and fluid accumulation in the lungs. Most patients show progression of lung dysfunction in the initial two to three days after exposure. Follow-up bacterial infections are a common cause of death late in the disease due to the wounded tissue being an advantageous receptor for bacteria.
Smoky odor
Soot in the nasal or throat passages
Rapid breathing and increased depth of respiration
Breathing effort that suggests upper airway obstruction by swelling
Postural adaptations to respiratory distress (i.e., positioning the body to make breathing easier)
Mucous membranes may be cherry red, pale, or cyanotic (blue)
Reddened eyes
Hoarse cough
Confusion, fainting
Exposure to smoke/carbon monoxide, usually the result of being trapped in a burning building.
You will need to give a thorough history of your dog’s health, onset of symptoms, and possible incidents that might have preceded this condition, such as exposure to burning material. A complete blood profile will be conducted, including a chemical blood profile, a complete blood count, and a urinalysis. The blood count will show the level of red blood cells that are capable of carrying oxygen, and white cells that are capable of fighting infection. The blood profile will also show whether the arterial blood gases are at normal levels and will show the degree of oxygen shortage in the blood. The urinalysis will show how the kidney is functioning. Visual diagnostics, such as X-ray and ultrasound, may also be used to determine if there is fluid buildup in the lungs. A bronchoscopy, which uses a flexible tube with a camera attached and which can be inserted into the airway, may allow your doctor to determine the severity of airway damage.
Samples will be taken of the cells inside the mouth and in the airways and cultured to determine whether there are bacteria present. If there is tissue damage to the airways, your veterinarian may prescribe a prophylactic antibiotic to prevent infection.
At the outset, stabilization of the respiratory function and establishment of an effective airway will be the most important. Severe upper airway swelling or obstruction may require intubation or an operation to make an opening in the trachea.
Oxygen should be administered immediately after rescue from the fire to displace carbon monoxide from hemoglobin (the oxygen carrying pigment of the blood). It will be delivered by mask, hood, oxygen cage, or nasal line. After elimination of carbon monoxide, oxygen supplementation will be continued at 40 to 60 percent as needed. Fluid administration may be required in patients with shock to support cardiovascular function but should be conservative, if possible, to minimize a buildup of fluid in the chest. Blood or plasma transfusions may be necessary to add fresh red and white blood cells to the blood stream. Nutritional support may be needed to maintain body condition and immune status.
Living and Managment
Your veterinarian will want to carefully monitor your dog’s respiratory rate and effort, mucous membrane color, heart rate and pulse quality, the sound of the lungs, packed cell volume of the blood and total solids for 24 to 72 hours. X-rays will be repeated 48 hours after the initial treatment to ensure that the condition is resolving, and your doctor will also want to monitor your dog’s system for bacterial pneumonia, which is often a side-effect of damage to the lung tissue. Most patients will have some level of deterioration during the initial 24 to 48 hours after smoke exposure and then gradually improve, unless they develop bacterial pneumonia or acute respiratory response syndrome. Severe burns or organ injury are associated with a poor prognosis.
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News On Real-World Methods In Hot British Women
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Major Aspects Of Sexy British Girl Considered
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Programs For Hot British Woman – Insights
Emma Charlotte Duerre Watson is an English actress and activist. She has gained recognition for her roles in each blockbusters and independent movies, as well as her ladies’s rights work. Watson has been ranked among the many world’s highest-paid actresses by Forbes and Self-importance hot british girls Honest, and was named one of many one hundred most influential people in the world by Time journal in 2015.
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Melting and differentiation of early-formed asteroids: The perspective from high precision oxygen isotope studies
Greenwood, Richard C.; Burbine, Thomas H.; Miller, Martin F. and Franchi, Ian A. (2017). Melting and differentiation of early-formed asteroids: The perspective from high precision oxygen isotope studies. Chemie Der Erde - Geochemistry, 77(1) pp. 1–43.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemer.2016.09.005
A number of distinct methodologies are available for determining the oxygen isotope composition of minerals and rocks, these include laser-assisted fluorination, secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS)and UV laser ablation. In this review we focus on laser-assisted fluorination, which currently achieves the highest levels of precision available for oxygen isotope analysis. In particular, we examine how results using this method have furthered our understanding of early-formed differentiated meteorites. Due to its rapid reaction times and low blank levels, laser-assisted fluorination has now largely superseded the conventional externally-heated Ni “bomb” technique for bulk analysis. Unlike UV laser ablation and SIMS analysis, laser-assisted fluorination is not capable of focused spot analysis. While laser fluorination is now a mature technology, further analytical improvements are possible via refinements to the construction of sample chambers, clean-up lines and the use of ultra-high resolution mass spectrometers.
High-precision oxygen isotope analysis has proved to be a particularly powerful technique for investigating the formation and evolution of early-formed differentiated asteroids and has provided unique insights into the interrelationships between various groups of achondrites. A clear example of this is seenin samples that lie close to the terrestrial fractionation line (TFL). Based on the data from conventional oxygen isotope analysis, it was suggested that the main-group pallasites, the howardite eucrite diogenite suite (HEDs) and mesosiderites could all be derived from a single common parent body. However,high precision analysis demonstrates that main-group pallasites have a Δ17O composition that is fully resolvable from that of the HEDs and mesosiderites, indicating the involvement of at least two parent bodies. The range of Δ17O values exhibited by an achondrite group provides a useful means of assessing the extent to which their parent body underwent melting and isotopic homogenization. Oxygen isotope analysis can also highlight relationships between ungrouped achondrites and the more well-populated groups. A clear example of this is the proposed link between the evolved GRA 06128/9 meteorites and the brachinites.
The evidence from oxygen isotopes, in conjunction with that from other techniques, indicates that we have samples from approximately 110 asteroidal parent bodies (∼60 irons, ∼35 achondrites and stony-iron, and ∼15 chondrites) in our global meteorite collection. However, compared to the likely size of the original protoplanetary asteroid population, this is an extremely low value. In addition, almost all of the differentiated samples (achondrites, stony-iron and irons) are derived from parent bodies that were highly disrupted early in their evolution.
High-precision oxygen isotope analysis of achondrites provides some important insights into the origin of mass-independent variation in the early Solar System. In particular, the evidence from various primitive achondrite groups indicates that both the slope 1 (Y&R) and CCAM lines are of primordial significance. Δ17O differences between water ice and silicate-rich solids were probably the initial source of the slope 1 anomaly. These phases most likely acquired their isotopic composition as a result of UV photo-dissociation of CO that took place either in the early solar nebula or precursor giant molecular cloud. Such small-scale isotopic heterogeneities were propagated into larger-sized bodies, such as asteroids and planets, as a result of early Solar System processes, including dehydration, aqueous alteration,melting and collisional interactions.
oxygen isotopes; achondrites; laser fluorination; chondrites; early Solar System processes; Solar nebula; mass independent variation
Richard Greenwood
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Patterico Weighs in on Today’s Medicinal Marijuana Decision
Filed under: Civil Liberties,Court Decisions,Crime — Patterico @ 9:47 pm
I have read Gonzales v. Raich. And I’m not happy, either with the decision, or with my (usual) hero Antonin Scalia, who wrote an unconvincing concurrence. But I’m more and more impressed with Clarence Thomas.
The L.A. Times and the Golden Rule
Filed under: Dog Trainer,Immigration — Patterico @ 9:01 pm
The L.A. Times has an editorial this morning titled The Law and the Golden Rule, which argues that Mexican nationals on Death Row in the U.S. should have their sentences commuted if they were not informed of their right to consult with the Mexican consulate before trial. The editorial obfuscates the facts in classic L.A. Times style.
The editorial posits this nightmare scenario:
Imagine being arrested in a foreign country where you are unfamiliar with the language, the culture, the legal system or your rights, and never being allowed to contact a U.S. Consulate for help. That’s a nightmare that Americans overseas could face if the United States continues to be lax in respecting the rights of foreign nationals arrested in this country.
The problem with this opening paragraph is that the editorial is based on the case of Jose Medellin, whose situation doesn’t even remotely resemble that described. Let’s rewrite that opening paragraph to make it correspond with Medellin’s case:
Imagine being arrested in a foreign country where you have lived as an illegal immigrant since you were six years old — meaning you are completely familiar with the country’s language and culture. Now imagine that you are sentenced to death in that country for joining fellow gang members in the raping and killing of two young girls, aged 14 and 16.
Imagine further that, despite having been born in the U.S., you are never told of your right to contact a U.S. Consulate for help. But imagine this as well: consulting with the consulate wouldn’t have made the slightest difference to your case, because witnesses also testified at your trial that you “bragged about the assault and described using a shoelace to strangle one of the girls because [you] didn’t have a gun” and that you “put [your] foot on her throat because she would not die.”
Puts the whole “Golden Rule” in a different light, doesn’t it? In fact, the Golden Rule suggests that we are not “doing unto” Jose Medellin half of what he “did unto” those poor girls.
The editors falsely imply that the Jose Medellins of this world were “never . . . allowed” to contact their consulates — as if they had demanded to meet with someone from their embassy and were denied that right. But that was not Medellin’s claim; indeed, that is almost never the claim. In almost all cases that claim a violation of the Vienna Convention, convicted criminals complain that they weren’t told of their right to contact their consulate — not that they demanded that right, only to have it denied.
In many cases, it is completely understandable that police did not notify suspects of their consular rights — because the police often don’t even know that the suspect is a foreign national. Why do you figure so many Mexicans on Death Row weren’t given their consular rights? Often, it’s because the police had no idea that they were Mexican citizens.
That doesn’t matter. Technically, if the suspect is a foreign national, and the authorities don’t tell the suspect of his right to contact the consulate, the Convention has been violated — period.
To comply with the Convention, then, police must ask all criminal suspects whether they are foreign citizens — because you never can tell. Yet the editors of the Los Angeles Times want to carefully circumscribe the ability of police to do just that. They recently warned readers:
Beware of local cops playing federal immigration officers. That’s generally a lose-lose proposition, diminishing the ability of mistrusted police to fight crime in immigrant communities while subjecting Latinos, including American citizens, to a new type of ethnic profiling, a blanket “reasonable suspicion” for cops to stop foreign-looking individuals to ask to see their papers.
As a result, the editors called for strict limitations on police officers’ ability to inquire about a suspect’s citizenship. They argued that Police Chief Bratton “must strive to limit the practice of immigration inquiries and subject it to a battery of checks and balances” — including an approval by supervisors before a police officer can even undertake the initial inquiry.
If LAPD were foolish enough to adopt such strict limitations, some suspects would not be asked about their citizenship — and illegal immigrants are often reluctant to volunteer such information. And guess what? Even fewer Mexican citizens would be notified of their consular rights.
You can’t have it both ways, L.A. Times. You can’t make it hard for police to ask whether people are Mexican nationals, and then punish law enforcement because they failed to do that.
That is, if you care about being consistent.
Now They Discover the Legislative Process
Filed under: General — Angry Clam @ 7:33 am
Here’s a quote from a recent Supreme Court decision:
but perhaps even more important than these legal avenues is the democratic process, in which the voices of voters allied with these respondents may one day be heard in the halls of Congress.”
Who wrote that? Let me tell you one thing: it wasn’t Justice Scalia, who did, however, make the same argument in dissent in Lawrence v. Texas.
Answer after the jump. (more…)
Guest Blogging to Continue
Filed under: Blogging Matters — Patterico @ 6:01 am
I have been on vacation during the past week, and would normally cut off my guest bloggers at the knees. But there are two reasons not to.
The first and most important is that they are doing a tremendous job. They are great writers and brilliant thinkers. They make my posts look like chopped liver. (Hey, wait a second! Maybe that’s a reason that I should cut them off. When you get used to steak, you hate going back to hamburger . . . Am I overdoing the meat analogies?)
Second, I have a promotional exam to study for. It will take place in less than two weeks, and intensive blogging is killing my study time. Something has to give, and, Gentle Readers, that is going to be you. A promotion means more money, which means a happier family. So, duty to family calls. But I want you to be entertained in the meantime, and these guys know how to do that.
So I am keeping the guest bloggers for the next couple of weeks. Try to keep your cheering to a dull roar.
Warren Bell Tolls
Filed under: General — See Dubya @ 1:19 am
Warren Bell, of both NRO and ABC, took the time to respond to my rant about prime-time condom ads below. Check what I said. Here’s his response, from the comments section:
If your response to network policies is using the “off” button, I wholeheartedly applaud. Vote with your wallet — what could be a more classic conservative response? They’ll get the message quicker that way, and we (the Right) are spared the accusation of “censorship.”
As someone who I suppose you are describing when you say “network hotshot,” I can tell you that my attitude is not “you’re the one with the problem.” My attitude is that this is a business, we have a choice to run it a certain way, and then you have a choice to respond. My choice as an adult is to not care a whit about condom ads, except if my kids see them. And my choice as a parent is to get proactive about protecting them with every means possible.
I’m not sure how that qualifies as “arrogant.”
First of all, Warren, thanks for stopping by. Second, since the new ad policy appears to be only advanced by NBC and WB, and you’re a hotshot at ABC, I don’t think I would have any reason to include you on the arrogant hotshot list.
Third, it’s not just a matter of turning off the TV when the kids are around. I’m not going to have those networks on when my parents or my inlaws or my pastor come around to visit. Or in the future, when my daughter’s friends and boyfriends come around. (Although that may provide a teachable moment: “Hey, Scotty, that commercial reminds me. You know what a Colombian Necktie is? No? Then keep your hands off my baby and you won’t find out.”)
Fourth, it’s not only your choice, but your responsibility–or more precisely, the NBC and WB execs’ choice and responsibility–to run the business in a way that will maximize return to your shareholders. But there’s a diminishing return there. You can squeeze out an extra windfall from the Trojan people, but it’s going to hurt the network’s brand in the long haul. It eats into the longterm goodwill.
As I noted below, the Internet hotshots are busily trying to insulate the skeevier part of the web from people who want nothing to do with it. You guys in TV are moving in the opposite direction–moving the two together. Microsoft’s Windows XP incorporates anti-virus and pop-up blocker software that used to be third-party software. NBC and WB are now! With extra prophylactics! unless you go buy the TiVo add-on from another vendor to make the product usable during prime time. Microsoft puts up new patches every day to keep people from selling me the Cheep V1@gra!!! . You guys are giving me rubbers in prime time. They want credibility for their new medium as a source of entertainment. You TV guys are selling off yours.
Remember how Bush included that great line in his stump speech about how “John Kerry thinks the true heart of America is in Hollywood. Well, I think it’s right here in (e.g.) Altoona, Illinois”? Well, that kind of grumpery didn’t just happen overnight. It’s the result of hundreds and thousands of economically defensible (but tin-eared) business decisions, just like this one. (more…)
If the ScrappleFace Guy Retires, Brian O’Connell Can Take His Place
Filed under: Humor,Media Bias,Morons,Terrorism — Patterico @ 12:04 am
Go read this brilliant satire regarding those oh-so-horrific Koran allegations.
Comments Off on If the ScrappleFace Guy Retires, Brian O’Connell Can Take His Place
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Scalia’s “Racist” Comment Not Actually Racist
Filed under: General — Patterico @ 12:49 pm
Affirmative action was argued in the Supreme Court this past week, and Justice Antonin Scalia was the target of the left’s “Smear of the Week.” Here’s leftist Adam Liptak in the New York Times:
In a remark that drew muted gasps in the courtroom, Justice Antonin Scalia said that minority students with inferior academic credentials may be better off at “a less advanced school, a slower-track school where they do well.”
“I don’t think it stands to reason that it’s a good thing for the University of Texas to admit as many blacks as possible,” he added.
Oh, my! There were muted gasps at the RAAAAACISM of Justice Scalia!
This is yet another example of leftists elevating the importance of mushy-headed good intentions over that of results. Thomas Sowell has said:
Racial preferences put more minority students on campus, but in ways that reduce the number who graduate. Conversely, when racial preferences were banned in the University of California system, the number of black students who graduated actually increased substantially, as did their grade point averages. Instead of failing at Berkeley or UCLA, these students graduated from other good quality universities in the system.
Some might think that the result of having more blacks graduate is more important than the intention of having more blacks attend elite universities.
But anyone who thinks that way — that results matter more than intentions — is forced to turn in their Leftist Card.
I shouldn’t have to say this, but: to say that blacks should not be admitted to schools where they are not prepared to succeed is not racist. Affirmative action of any kind in college admissions is going to inevitably have the effect of admitting a greater percentage of students that do not succeed. If you give preference in the admissions process to people whose last names begin with consonants, you will start to see that more people flunk out of that school whose last names begin with consonants. If you instead give that preference to members of a certain race, you will see more flunking out by members of that race.
As in everything in life, there are trade-offs. Those who are admitted and succeed will likely have greater prospects. But those who are admitted and flunk out will likely have lesser prospects. In other words, simply having more blacks at an elite university (and fewer Asians, by the way, in case leftists care about the ill effects on that minority group, which we all know they don’t) is not necessarily a good thing on its own. You have to look at the consequences.
Scalia’s point — and it is buttressed by many studies — is that race-based admissions end up hurting a lot of minorities who are supposed to be the beneficiaries of such programs.
This all seems so obvious, I questioned whether it was worth it to write this post. But sometimes you have to point out obvious truths — especially when we live in a country where such truths are enough to make people gasp.
DHS Redefines Term “Resident Expert” As Their Resident Expert Is Unable To Answer Basic Questions
This past week, Dept. of Homeland Security Deputy Assistant Secretary for Screening Coordination, Kelli Ann Burriesci testified before Congress about the Syrian refugees and the visa waiver program. She was sent by DHS Secretary Jeh Johnson to testify in his stead because, according to the DHS, she is their “resident expert” in the programs.
Unfortunately, said resident expert was unable to answer even the most basic questions about who is entering our country:
How many Syrian refugees have entered the U.S. in the last year” Rep. Jim Jordan (R., Ohio) asked Burriesci.
“Sorry, I didn’t bring any of the refugee numbers with me,” she responded.
Jordon then asked: “Do you know how many Americans have traveled to Syria in the last year?”
“I don’t have that number on me either,” the official responded.
“So you wouldn’t know how many Americans have traveled there and returned?” Jordan pressed.
“I don’t have that number on me,” Burriesci stated.
When asked by Jordan, “How many visa waiver program overstays are there currently in the U.S.,” Burriesci again responded that she does not “have information” on that subject.
The lack of answers led to frustration.
“We’re talking about the refugee issue and the Visa Waiver Program issue and you can’t give us numbers on either program?” Jordan asked.
Rep. Ron DeSantis, the subcommittee’s chairman, exasperated by Burriesci’s lack of knowledge, suggested Burriesci use a lifeline:
“You can’t give us the number of people on expired visas? You have staff? Can they just call DHS so we get it before the hearing is over?” DeSantis asked. “This should not be that difficult.”
Burriesci did not make a call and continued to stumble under further questioning.
An irate Rep. Jordan blasted Burriesci for her lack of knowledge and unpreparedness:
I’ve asked you the number of American’s who’ve traveled to Syria, you don’t know. The number of Americans who may have traveled and returned, you don’t know. The number of Syrian refugees who’ve entered the country in the last year, you don’t know. The number of visa waiver program overstays, you don’t know. The number of visa waiver overstays who may have been to Syria before they came here, you don’t know. And the number of American citizens on the no-fly list and you don’t know. And yet you are the Deputy Assistant Secretary for Screening Coordination, Office of Policy, Department of Homeland Security in front of the oversight committee and you can’t give us one single number to some, I think, pretty basic questions.
Based on Burriesci lack of command over information she was charged to know and to provide to the committee, DeSantis expressed the overall frustrations and concerns of not just the committee, but of the American people as well:
“Islamic jihadists are on the march and 13 people were massacred in San Bernardino, yet DHS seems clueless about what is going on with potential threats to our security,” the lawmaker said. “Congress needs to plug holes in immigration programs ranging from the visa waiver program to the refugee program. The testimony by DHS today gave Americans serious cause for concern about whether our government has a handle on the threats we face.”
I don’t think I’m going out on a limb here when I say that if a senior official and “resident expert” from the DHS is this unable to answer the most basic of questions, and also refers to the K-1 visa as the “K-Y” visa, it’s pretty much guaranteed that someone is, indeed, getting screwed.
(at the 6:17 mark)
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Home » History of Sexuality
Introducing Notches’ New Assistant Editors
By notcheseditor on February 20, 2015 in History of Sexuality
Notches’ Assistant Editor program recognizes and mentors promising graduate students who have an interest in digital humanities and public history and who are conducting cutting edge research on the history of sexuality. We are pleased to introduce our two Assistant Editors for 2015-2016, Agnes Arnold-Forster and Devin McGeehan Muchmore.
Agnes Arnold-Forster is a PhD candidate at King’s College London where she researches breast cancer in the nineteenth century. Her research focuses on both medical and cultural understandings of breast cancer from c. 1789 to c. 1914 in Britain and the United States, by exploring the gendered nature and implications of medicine in that period, the construction of the medical profession and its exclusion of non-conventional practices and practitioners, as well as representations of breast cancer and mastectomies in both visual art and literature. This research is supported by the Arts and Humanities Research Council (AHRC). Agnes is also working on a project on the history of feminist engagement with Female Genital Mutilation, which corresponds with the research work she does for the women’s health charity SafeHands for Mothers. She tweets from @agnesjuliet
Devin McGeehan Muchmore is a PhD candidate in the American Studies program at Yale University and a graduate student affiliate of the Yale Research Initiative on the History of Sexualities. He is currently writing a dissertation on commercial sex entrepreneurs’ grassroots organizing and cultural politics in the 1960s and 1970s United States, using their activism and business activities to illuminate popular debates about the meanings of sexual and economic freedom. Research for the project has been supported by the Mellon Foundation/Council on Library and Information Resources, UCLA Library Special Collections, the Phil Zwickler Charitable and Memorial Foundation, and the Fund for Lesbian and Gay Studies at Yale.
Over the next year, Agnes and Devin will be assisting Notches’ editorial board with all aspects of our blog. They will participate in a number of projects including managing our social media presence (Facebook and Twitter), developing our Dispatches and Author Interviews features, expanding our geographic and chronological breadth, and copyediting our regular features. Their help will be invaluable as Notches continues to promote critical discussions of the history of sexuality within and outside of the academy.
Welcome Agnes and Devin!
Tags: Agnes Arnold-Forster Assistant Editor Program Devin McGeehan Muchmore Editors
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Rolling Stone.com - Fleetwood Mac
THINKING ABOUT TOMORROW
Fleetwood Mac reunion starts strong with two MTV concerts
Rumors of a Fleetwood Mac reunion are indeed true, and the band taped private concerts Thursday and Friday to be aired on MTV in August. If all proceeds as planned, the shows, the first since 1982 by what's considered the band's definitive lineup, will mark the beginning of a large-scale comeback that will include an album and fall tour.
Though guitarist Lindsey Buckingham, drummer Mick Fleetwood, bassist John McVie, keyboardist Christine McVie and singer Stevie Nicks enjoyed a multi-platinum run that began with 1975's "Fleetwood Mac" and peaked with the 14-million-selling "Rumours" in 1977, personality conflicts and drug abuse eventually took their toll on the band. Buckingham decided to go his own way in 1987, Christine McVie and Nicks split in 1992, and subsequent Fleetwood Mac efforts resulted only in cheapening the group's brand name. Mick Fleetwood and John McVie soldiered on touring increasingly smaller venues, at one point stooping to a package tour of oldies acts that included Pat Benatar.
Thus, the proposed reunion was originally met with cynicism.
After all, Fleetwood Mac circa 1997 is a band with five separate dressing rooms, five separate lawyers and five separate managers. Couple that with the inevitable cash flow problems that face pop stars over age 40, and the reasons behind the members' sudden affection for one another seem all too obvious.
Maybe so, but those in the industry don't seem to mind. Anticipating great demand to see the group, concert promoters will guarantee it $400,000 per show when it begins a worldwide arena tour in September. A live album culled from the MTV tapings will hit stores around the same time, and retailers are reportedly happy it's coming.
Based on those numbers, Fleetwood Mac appears capable of grossing about half the amount earned by the reunited Eagles, whose comeback was estimated by the Los Angeles Times to have earned $500 million from concert revenues, album sales and merchandising from 1994 to 1996 .
Still, numbers alone can't generate the kind of crowd enthusiasm that followed the tapings. Given the well-crafted new songs tested at the show and the passionate performance by Buckingham in particular, indications are strong that a new edition of the band might return to commercial success with a promotion and marketing boost from Reprise Records.
Even without that boost, the band is a powerful draw: Courtney Love, Brian Wilson, Cindy Crawford, Winona Ryder and various industry luminaries dotted the house at Warner Bros. Studios in Burbank over the two nights of taping.
One of the shows' highlights was an appearance by the 77-member University of Southern California marching band, which backed Mac on "Tusk" and "Don't Stop" at the end of the show. Although all 22 songs performed at the tapings may not make it into the MTV program, it's likely that four new songs -- "Temporary One" by Christine McVie, "Bleed to Love Her" and "My Little Demon" by Buckingham, and "Sweet Girl'' by Nicks -- will air, given the promotional nature of the performances.
BRUCE HARING
Thanks to Renae for sending this article to The Nicks Fix.
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All About Pre-SOM (Pre- School Of Madrichim)
Nov 29, 2018Sadie SlomovitzCommunity0
All About Maccabi
Maccabi is an International Jewish & Sports organization that has dozens of locations throughout the world, including one at the MAR-JCC in Aventura. A part of Maccabi is a program called Pre-Som, which stands for “Pre-School of Madrichim”. This program educates young individuals, specifically ninth graders, on the importance of being a Jew, the State of Israel, and their Jewish identities. After Pre-Som, tenth-graders have the opportunity to continue in the Maccabi program and be a part of SOM, which stands for “School of Madrichim”. Eventually, one has the opportunity to be a Madrich, where they are able to educate younger generations about what they learned in Maccabi.
Teens participating in the program come from a variety of schools, including Scheck Hillel. For the kids who don’t attend a Jewish school, this program teaches them about Judaism itself and how to become more active in the Jewish community. For kids who do attend Jewish school, this program enriches the education they are getting, providing them with additional opportunities that can’t be found in other places.
What is Pre-Som?
Pre-Som is a program designed specifically for ninth-graders. Throughout the year, the participants learn about Maccabi and what it means to be a leader, how to work as a team, and basic information about Judaism and Israel. “I’ve learned in Pre-Som that being in a Jewish community is important,” says Alexandra Berenstein. “So far, from Pre-Som I have learned about leadership, community care, kindness, friendship, and teamwork,” states Gila Shechter. Pre-Som takes place every Monday from 6-8 at the MAR-JCC in Aventura. During this two-hour period, the participants partake in activities that teach important skills, such as teamwork, leadership, and communication. Pre-Som gives ninth-graders a unique experience that cannot be found in many other places. participants have the opportunity to bond with other participants from other schools that they haven’t met before, and they have the opportunity to become a leader in Maccabi only a few years after. The people who run the program are previous members of Pre-Som, which makes the participants feel more connected to them. “I love how the Madrichim are there because they wanna be, and not because they have to,” remarks Frida Alalu.
Pre-Som Activities
Every activity that is done during Pre-Som is created by the Madrichim. These activities teach the participants all about teamwork, problem solving, communication, and Jewish knowledge. For example, at one Pre-Som meeting this year, participants sat in a circle on chairs and laid their backs on the person sitting to the left of them. One by one, the chairs were removed from beneath them, and the participants had to rely on the person beside them to hold them up. “We do activities that show us how to cooperate together and really communicate,” says Frida Alalu, “the activities help us feel more connected as a whole.” After completing each activity, the group discusses what lessons and values can be derived from what they did. “We do activities that show us how to work together as a team, and sometimes we do activities that are just for fun and to get to know each other better,” states Alex Benarroch. Different days at Pre-Som revolve around different values or concepts. For example, one day could be spent playing games that involve communication while another day is based on Jewish morals.
Impact of Pre-Som
Pre-Som is a program that not only teaches guides young leaders, but also connects people from different schools and creates friendships. “From Pre-Som I learn the value of Judaism and how lucky I am to be part of a Jewish community. From the activities we do, I learn the value of teamwork and friendship” Frida Alalu states. At the beginning of the program, the activities are more focused on getting to know one another. Eventually, the activities focus more on characteristics that are crucial for a leader to have, such as teamwork, communication, and leadership. Considering that many people who participate in Pre-Som are from different schools, a lot of kids enter Pre-Som without knowing many people. At every regular Pre-Som meeting, the Madrichim separate the participants into two random groups for the activities. “I have made so many friends from Pre-Som, and I have reconnected with friends from before that I hadn’t talked to in a while which is amazing!” says Gila Shechter. They form the groups in such a way so that the participants get the opportunity to meet new people, expanding their relationships beyond their school friends. Because of this, many new friendships form and continue even after Pre-Som.
Pre-Som and Community Service and Raising Money
Pre-Som is very heavily focused on community service and tikun olam, which means to repair the world. Pre-Som participants have numerous opportunities to volunteer at the JCC, and they earn community service hours for their help. “In Pre-Som we are given the opportunity to engage and be a part of our community,” states David Delarosa. Pre-Som goes on two main trips during the year; in October, they go to Universal Studios Halloween Horror Nights, and in June, they fly to Costa Rica. At many JCC events, members of Pre-Som raise money for their trips. This teaches the participants the value of hard work, and they can see tangible results.
Who should do Pre-Som?
Pre-Som is an amazing program that provides many opportunities. People that participate in Pre-Som gain lifelong friends and learn values and morals that stay with them forever. Future leaders are created after Pre-Som, and the traits they learn are spread throughout the community. Everyone should try Pre-Som because they would gain a lot of knowledge which could help them throughout their life, and it is an unforgettable experience.
Group picture at Universal Orlando where the 2018-19 Pre-Som group had the opportunity to experience the Jewish value of ruach.
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thinkers50 ranked thinker
Jim Collins
Socratic advisor to leaders, focusing on what makes a business great and not just good; introduced five levels of leadership and the flywheel effect.
01. ranked thinker
Ranked #41 in 2019.
Previous positions:
#31 (2017), #28 (2015), #12 (2013), and #4 (2011).
02. FAST FACT
Avid rock climber: completed single-day ascents of El Capitan and Half Dome in Yosemite Valley.
Passionate about working in social sectors, including education, healthcare and government.
Collins has introduced a range of new concepts and terms to the leadership lexicon. These include “level 5 leadership”, where leaders put the cause of their organization first, and inspired standards – rather than inspiring personality – become the motivation. He also created the “flywheel” principle of sustained momentum, demonstrating that the building of any human enterprise is not about one single defining action, or one killer innovation; instead, it is a process that resembles relentlessly pushing a giant, heavy flywheel, gradually building momentum.
Collins began his research and teaching career at Stanford Graduate School of Business. In 1995, he founded a management laboratory in Boulder, Colorado, where he conducts research and engages with CEOs and senior-leadership teams. He holds a bachelor’s degree in mathematical sciences and an MBA from Stanford University, and honorary doctoral degrees from the University of Colorado and the Peter F. Drucker Graduate School of Management at Claremont Graduate University. In 2012-13, Collins served as the Class of 1951 chair for the study of leadership at the US Military Academy, West Point. In 2017, Forbes selected Collins as one of the 100 Greatest Living Business Minds.
Turning the Flywheel: A Monograph to Accompany Good to Great (HarperBusiness, 2019); Turning Goals Into Results: The Power of Catalytic Mechanisms (HBR Press, 2017); Great by Choice: Uncertainty, Chaos, and Luck: Why Some Thrive Despite Them All (with Morten Hansen, HasrperBusiness, 2011); How the Mighty Fall: And Why Some Companies Never Give In (CL Business, 2009); Good to Great and the Social Sectors: Why Business Thinking is Not the Answer (HarperCollins, 2005); Good to Great: Why Some Companies Make the Leap… And Others Don’t (HarperBusiness, 2001); Built to Last: Successful Habits of Visionary Companies (with Jerry Porras, HarperBusiness, 1994).
jimcollins.com
@level5leaders
Media Picks
“Collins inspired a generation of business leaders, and his work continues to resonate.”
Stuart Crainer & Des Dearlove, Thinkers50.
Jim Collins Interview
One-off ‘Jim Collins Live’ UK Event Announced
Stop Playing Games and Start Earning Trust
Good enough is never enough
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90% smokers back vape bill
10 Jan 2022. A consumer study showed that 9 out of 10 smokers support the enactment of the proposed Vape bill that will provide less harmful alternatives to combustible cigarettes, reports Manila Times.
They believe that the government should take action to encourage adult smokers to switch to less harmful alternatives to cigarettes while also ensuring these products are not used by minors.
The Senate and House of Representatives approved their respective versions of the measure in 2021. Once signed into law by President Rodrigo Duterte, the Vaporized Nicotine Products Bill will regulate e-cigarettes, heated tobacco products (HTPs) and other vaporized nicotine products while ensuring that they contribute to government revenues, the report said.
About 1 million former Filipino smokers have switched to smoke-free products such as e-cigarettes and HTPs. The bill is expected to reduce the smoking rate in the Philippines.
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Joseph O’Connor
From one UNESCO City of Literature to another—Joseph O’Connor, who hails from Dublin, visited Iowa City in February 2011 to kick off the book tour for his novel Ghost Light.
In this On the Fly interview, O’Connor discusses “the wonderful game that’s at the heart of fiction,” which he describes as a shared journey: “I’m going to tell you this story about people who never existed, and you’re going to pretend that they did, and we’re going to meet each other halfway.”
He also speaks of a writer’s need to see the world in a unique way, explores the ways in which Joyce’s Ulysses is both wonderful and flawed, and the ways in which writing is like a marriage.
O’Connor is the author of eight novels and a novella, the most recent of which is 2014’s The Thrill of it All. He also has two short story collections, a play, and several works of non-fiction to his credit.
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Research ArticleBrain
Evaluating CT Perfusion Using Outcome Measures of Delayed Cerebral Ischemia in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
P.C. Sanelli, N. Anumula, C.E. Johnson, J.P. Comunale, A.J. Tsiouris, H. Riina, A.Z. Segal, P.E. Stieg, R.D. Zimmerman and A.I. Mushlin
American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2013, 34 (2) 292-298; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A3225
P.C. Sanelli
aFrom the Departments of Radiology (P.C.S., N.A., C.E.J., J.P.C., A.J.T., R.D.Z.)
dPublic Health (P.C.S., A.I.M.), Weill Cornell Medical College, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York.
N. Anumula
C.E. Johnson
J.P. Comunale
A.J. Tsiouris
H. Riina
bNeurological Surgery (H.R., P.E.S.)
A.Z. Segal
cNeurology (A.Z.S.)
P.E. Stieg
R.D. Zimmerman
A.I. Mushlin
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: DCI is a serious complication following aneurysmal SAH and remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Our aim was to evaluate CTP in aneurysmal SAH by using outcome measures of DCI.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a retrospective study of consecutive patients with SAH enrolled in a prospective institutional review board–approved clinical accuracy trial. Qualitative CTP deficits were determined by 2 neuroradiologists blinded to clinical and imaging data. Quantitative CTP was performed by using a standardized protocol with region-of-interest placement sampling of the cortex. Primary outcome measures were permanent neurologic deficits and infarction. The secondary outcome measure was DCI, defined as clinical deterioration. CTP test characteristics (95% CI) were determined for each outcome measure. Statistical significance was calculated by using the Fisher exact and Student t tests. ROC curves were generated to determine accuracy and threshold analysis.
RESULTS: Ninety-six patients were included. Permanent neurologic deficits developed in 33% (32/96). CTP deficits were seen in 78% (25/32) of those who developed permanent neurologic deficits and 34% (22/64) of those without (P < .0001). CTP deficits had 78% (61%–89%) sensitivity, 66% (53%–76%) specificity, and 53% (39%–67%) positive and 86% (73%–93%) negative predictive values. Infarction occurred in 18% (17/96). CTP deficits were seen in 88% (15/17) of those who developed infarction and 41% (32/79) of those without (P = .0004). CTP deficits had an 88% (66%–97%) sensitivity, 59% (48%–70%) specificity, and 32% (20%–46%) positive and 96% (86%–99%) negative predictive values. DCI was diagnosed in 50% (48/96). CTP deficits were seen in 81% (39/48) of patients with DCI and in 17% (8/48) of those without (P < .0001). CTP deficits had 81% (68%–90%) sensitivity, 83% (70%–91%) specificity, and 83% (70%–91%) positive and 82% (69%–90%) negative predictive values. Quantitative CTP revealed significantly reduced CBF and prolonged MTT for DCI, permanent neurologic deficits, and infarction. ROC analysis showed that CBF and MTT had the highest accuracy.
CONCLUSIONS: CTP may add prognostic information regarding DCI and poor outcomes in aneurysmal SAH.
confidence interval
delayed cerebral ischemia
receiver operating characteristic analysis
You are going to email the following Evaluating CT Perfusion Using Outcome Measures of Delayed Cerebral Ischemia in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
P.C. Sanelli, N. Anumula, C.E. Johnson, J.P. Comunale, A.J. Tsiouris, H. Riina, A.Z. Segal, P.E. Stieg, R.D. Zimmerman, A.I. Mushlin
American Journal of Neuroradiology Feb 2013, 34 (2) 292-298; DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.A3225
Impact of Implementing an Elaborated CT Perfusion Protocol for Aneurysmal SAH on Functional Outcome: CTP Protocol for SAH
Effects of Radiation Exposure on the Cost-Effectiveness of CT Angiography and Perfusion Imaging in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Application of Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability Imaging in Global Cerebral Edema
Evaluating Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability in Delayed Cerebral Infarction after Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Delayed Cerebral Ischemia in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Proposal of an Evidence-Based Combined Clinical and Imaging Reference Standard
CT Perfusion for Detection of Delayed Cerebral Ischemia in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Predictors of Reperfusion in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke
Enhanced Axonal Metabolism during Early Natalizumab Treatment in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis
Progression of Microstructural Damage in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 2: A Longitudinal DTI Study
Show more BRAIN
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'The Portlaw Secret'
After Tony had won 'The Waterford Cup', they all went back to celebrate their victory in the 'Cotton Mill' that night and to collect the £50,000 he had won from Buggins.
Buggins never paid his wager to Tony, and to tell the truth, Tony wasn't too concerned. The mere fact that he had finally been the one to 'beat' Buggins seemed to be satisfaction enough. It turned out however, that it was the donkey that seemed to have the last laugh.
Upon entering Buggins' allotments, the ex-headmaster's corpse was found face down and it was clear to see that his head had been kicked in; having no doubt got on the wrong side of his wife's donkey when he wasn't expecting it. The donkey was braying loudly; as though it was laughing. To tell the truth, the people of Portlaw had never seen the poor ass look as happy in all the years they had known it.
Widow Buggins was a picture of decorum at her husband's funeral that no stranger outside Portlaw would ever have guessed that Buggins had treated her cruelly and parsimoniously throughout their years of marriage. In order to publicly promote the image of 'propriety', the widow spared no expense upon providing her lately deceased husband with as good a send off as Portlaw had seen in many a year. The majority of Portlaw citizens hadn't particularly liked Buggins and felt that his widow was being too lavish in her expenditure outlay for his funeral service. If the truth be known, they would have considered it fitting enough to have had Buggins buried in his own allotment patch. Even those Portlaw residents who were kinder to the memory of Buggins would not have given him such a grand send-off as he had received. Instead of the two magnificent white horses in purple plumes that the widow had hired to pull the carriage hearse to the church, they would have used her donkey to pull the coffin instead! The whole of Portlaw was pleased to see Buggins' swish buried alongside him; most of them having felt its presence in their lives on more than one occasion during their school days!
Indeed, the contrast in image presented by Widow Buggins between the day of her husband's funeral and the Irish Wake she had provided at 'The Cotton Mill' pub four nights earlier, couldn't have been greater. Whereas the imbibing of half a dozen gin and tonics had doubtlessly gone some way towards placing less restriction on the widow's tongue and overall demeanour than usual, before the evening was half way through and the company was well on their way to the loss of their sobriety, the widow was joining in the singing and even danced a jig with Farmer Ned Morrisy.
Many a Portlaw citizen who was present at the wake remarked that the widow had strangely seemed as happy as her donkey at the passing of Buggins. In fact, due to the ex-headmaster's unpopularity with the people of Portlaw, whilst a merry time was had at his wake, nobody would say whether it was in celebration of his life on earth or his sudden departure from it!
All Portlaw came out to see off the Widow Buggins on the day of her departure. Beforehand, she had arranged for an animal sanctuary to take the donkey and to allow it to pasture in green fields and contentment until the day it died naturally.
Widow Buggins observed the traditional formality of black dress, but was determined to leave Portlaw in style. She had the best hair stylist and dress maker in Waterford make her look as regal as they could by putting her hair in a royal bun, clothing her in a dress of the finest satin and providing her with the aristocratic prop of a silver-topped cane.
Her husband had always made her scrimp and scrape throughout their unhappy marriage, and now that he was no longer here to say how their money was spent, she intended to see out the rest of her days in the unbridled comfort that the £200,000 in his bank account along with the sale of the house which she inherited, would provide.
She hired herself a chauffeured limousine and was dressed in the fine clothes of a Dowager Countess as she waved Portlaw farewell before setting off for life in County Kerry.
Our Portlaw tale ends where every Portlaw story always ends; in the heart of Ireland itself, or to be more precise, on a quiet piece of beach that Mary and Tony visited regularly at Inch, before their first child was born. As the couple kissed, cuddled, talked and walked on the beach, Tony's wife asked him to tell her the 'family secret' that he had sometimes referred to but had never elaborated on.
Mary said, "You never did tell me, my Boyo, what it was that Uncle Will told you all those years ago in San Francisco; you know....the secret which led to your sudden change in attitude towards your life!"
"You mean the family secret. I suppose I can tell you now that we are wed, Mary, but I swore on oath never to tell any of my seventeen siblings and I would naturally expect you also to honour that oath," Tony said.
After Mary acknowledged that she would help maintain her husband's sworn oath, he told her.
"The secret is one that my mother told to her brother, Uncle Will. Even my father is unaware of it, as my mother never told him," Tony told Mary. "So you must never let the cat out of the bag!"
"The bottom line is that all those years when I feared that I had been an unplanned and unwanted child, I never knew that the opposite was nearer the truth."
"What do you mean?" asked Mary.
"When asked if I had been unplanned and unwanted, my mother swore to Uncle Will that I had been planned and was the most wanted baby any mother had ever given birth to."
"So.......what's the big secret then?" Mary asked Tony in a puzzled voice.
"My mother told Uncle Will that I was planned and dearly wanted.............and.......then said that it was the other seventeen children who weren't!"
Tony and Mary Walsh had a long and happy life together. They were to have nine healthy and happy children; every one of them planned for and dearly wanted and, each one of them possessing the ability to play a musical instrument.
For many years, Tony toyed with what best to do with the genetically modified patent that he now owned for the growth of the monster potatoes. He eventually decided that it was too dangerous to the health of wildlife and humans to grow GM seed until science had unearthed much more about the potentially negative consequences of this Frankenstein birth. When he and his wife Mary died in their ninety ninth year of life, the patent died with them.
Tony Walsh's experiences in America had taught him that whereas the USA may embrace largeness there and tend to do things in a bigger way, it doesn't always follow that 'bigger is better'. Of one thing however, Tony was sure. He knew that in one area, Ireland could always beat the Yanks hands down. He knew that when it comes to storytelling, the Irish tells them 'bigger and better' than anyone else. They always have and always will!
© William Forde, July 2012
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A. J. Muste
Abraham Johannes Muste (January 8, 1885-February 11, 1967) was a socialist active in the labor movement and the US civil rights movement. He was born in Zierikzee, the Netherlands, and became a naturalized United States citizen in 1896. He attended Hope College, earning a Bachelor's degree (A. B.) in 1905 and a Master's degree (M. A.) in 1909. He earned a doctorate (B. D.) from Union Theological Seminary in 1913. He also attended the Theological Seminary of the Dutch Reformed Church (now the New Brunswick Theological Seminary), New York University, and Columbia University. He was the author of Non-violence in an Aggressive World (1940).
Muste taught Latin and Greek at Northwestern Classical Academy (now Northwestern College) from 1905 to 1906. He was ordained a Dutch Reformed minister in 1909. In 1917, he resigned his ministry when his pacifism led to conflicts with his Dutch reformed parishioners. Muste volunteered for the American Civil Liberties Union and was enrolled as a minister of the Religious Society of Friends in 1918. He was active in labor affairs from 1919 and was general secretary of the Amalgamated Textile Workers of America from 1920 to 1921. He also taught at Brookwood Labor College from 1921 to 1933. He was the executive director of the Fellowship of Reconciliation from 1940 to 1953, during which time he became an advisor to Martin Luther King Jr.
Muste was sometimes affiliated with the Communist Party USA, though he later renounced communism and considered himself a “Calvinist socialist”. He was a supporter of Eugene V. Debs and Robert M. La Follette, Sr, and also had close friendships with John Dewey and Norman Thomas. In 1957, Muste headed a delegation of observers to the 16th. National Convention of the Communist Party. He was also on the national committee of the War Resisters League (WRL) and received their Peace Award in 1958. At the end of his life, Muste was active in the movement against the Vietnam War. In 1966, he traveled to Saigon in April and Hanoi in December. He was arrested and deported from South Vietnam, but received a warm welcome in North Vietnam from Ho Chi Minh.
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Revolutionary Communist Party, USA
The Revolutionary Communist Party, USA (RCP, USA), known originally as the Revolutionary Union, is a revolutionary Maoist organization that was formed in 1975. The RCP states that U.S. imperialism will never peacefully change. They believe that the only way for the oppressed masses to ever liberate themselves is through waging a Maoist Revolutionary War, and building a new socialist society on the ashes of capitalism.
It was formed by former members of the Revolutionary Youth Movement II (RYM II) faction of the Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) after that group fell apart in 1968. Robert Avakian was just one of many activists who turned to Maoist ideas, which they refered to as Marxist-Leninist, and began organising in the Bay Area of California. He and others soon formed a Bay Area Revolutionary Union (BARU).
BARU expanded nationally with great rapidity in the next couple of years as of the various groups coming out of SDS it was the first to seriously attempt to develop itself both at the theoretical level, with the publication of Red Papers 1, and the first to seek to sink roots into working class commuitities and struggles. As a result it was able to absorb a series of similar local collectives which had developed out of SDS.
Such rapid expansion was not without its problems however and in 1971 a senior leader of the Revolutionary Union, as BARU had been renamed when it had developed a nationwide structure, Bruce Franklin led a section of the group in a split based on semi-anachist ideas that were characterised by many as voluntarist. The new group was named Venceremos, showing the continuing influence of the Cuban Revolution on many New Leftists, and was to last for only a short time collapsing in 1973.
As a result of criminal indictments in 1981 stemming from a demonstration at the White House against Deng Xiaoping, RCP National Chairman Bob Avakian and other RCP leaders fled the United States and have been living in France and England ever since. The RCP remains active in both the United States and Western Europe. It is considered by its critics to be a very centralized and authoritarian group.
The RCP is a participant in the Revolutionary Internationalist Movement (RIM), which is a grouping of revolutionary Maoist parties and organizations around the world, including the Shining Path and the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist).
Revolutionary Worker - Official newspaper
To Change the World - Forum for discussion of RCP draft program
A World To Win - Unofficial RIM site
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Andrew Lloyd Webber Free Sheet Music
Andrew Lloyd Webber, Baron Lloyd-Webber (born 22 March 1948) is an English composer of musical theatre, the elder son of organist William Lloyd Webber and brother of the cellist Julian Lloyd Webber. Lloyd Webber started composing at the age of six, and published his first piece at the age of nine.
Lloyd Webber has achieved great popular success, with several musicals that have run for more than a decade both in the West End and on Broadway. He has composed 13 musicals, a song cycle, a set of variations, two film scores, and a Latin Requiem Mass. He has also gained a number of honours, including a knighthood in 1992, followed by a peerage from the British Government for services to Music, seven Tony Awards (and 40 nominations), three Grammy Awards (with an additional 60 nominations), an Academy Award (two other nominations), seven Olivier Awards (with 100 nominations), a Golden Globe, and the Kennedy Center Honors in 2006. Several of his songs, notably "The Music of the Night" from The Phantom of the Opera, "I Don't Know How to Love Him" from Jesus Christ Superstar, "Don't Cry for Me, Argentina" from Evita, "Any Dream Will Do" from Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat and "Memory" from Cats have been widely recorded and were hits outside of their parent musicals. His company, the Really Useful Group, is one of the largest theatre operators in London.
Producers in several parts of the UK have staged productions, including national tours, of Lloyd Webber's musicals under licence from the Really Useful Group. According to britishhitsongwriters.com, he is the one hundredth most successful songwriter in U.K. singles chart history, based on weeks that his compositions have spent on the chart.
Andrew Lloyd Webber - Once upon another time Piano Sheet Music
(3.06MB)
Other music sheets of Andrew Lloyd Webber
Andrew Lloyd Webber - 'Til I Hear You Sing
Andrew Lloyd Webber - 'Till I hear you sing
Andrew Lloyd Webber - A Concert Celebration
Andrew Lloyd Webber - All I Ask of You
Andrew Lloyd Webber - angel of music
Andrew Lloyd Webber - Anthology
Andrew Lloyd Webber - As If We Never Said Goodbye
Andrew Lloyd Webber - Beauty Underneath
Andrew Lloyd Webber - Entr'acte
Andrew Lloyd Webber - Everything's Alright
Andrew Lloyd Webber - Gethsemane from Jesus Christ Superstar
Andrew Lloyd Webber - Heaven on their minds
Andrew Lloyd Webber - I Don't Know How To Love Him
Andrew Lloyd Webber - I dreamed a dream
Andrew Lloyd Webber - Jesus Christ Superstar Full Book
Andrew Lloyd Webber - Medley from Starlight Express
Andrew Lloyd Webber - Memory
Andrew Lloyd Webber - Memory (from "Cats")
Andrew Lloyd Webber - Memory (from the Musical Play "Cats")
Andrew Lloyd Webber - Music of the Night (piano score)
Andrew Lloyd Webber - phantom of the opera
Andrew Lloyd Webber - Pie jesu
Andrew Lloyd Webber - Pie Jesu in Gmajor
Andrew Lloyd Webber - Super Star
Andrew Lloyd Webber - Tell Me On A Sunday
Andrew Lloyd Webber - The Phantom of the Opera
Andrew Lloyd Webber - The Phantom of the Opera PotO
Andrew Lloyd Webber - The Phanton of the Opera
Andrew Lloyd Webber - The Point of No Return
Andrew Lloyd Webber - Think of Me
Andrew Lloyd Webber - Til I Hear You Sing - Transposed down 1 key by Campbell
Andrew Lloyd Webber - Wishing you were somehow here again
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