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Hot Fuzz 2007
As a former London constable, Nicholas Angel finds it difficult to adapt to his new assignment in the sleepy British village of Sandford. Not only does he miss the excitement of the big city, but he also has a well-meaning oaf for a partner. However, when a series of grisly accidents rocks Sandford, Angel smells something rotten in the idyllic village.
Genre: Crime, Action, Comedy
Stars: Simon Pegg, Nick Frost, Jim Broadbent, Paddy Considine, Rafe Spall
Director: Natascha Wharton, Tim Bevan, Eric Fellner, David Arnold, Edgar Wright
Download Hot Fuzz 2007 [ 5,184 Kb/s ]
The Messengers (2007)
Transporter 2 (2005)
The Goonies (1985)
Mad Max Beyond Thunderdome (1985)
Tremors (1990)
The Texas Chainsaw Massacre (2003)
The Twelve Tasks of Asterix (1976)
They Call Me Trinity (1970)
See No Evil (2006)
Miss Congeniality 2: Armed and Fabulous (2005)
My Lucky Stars (1985)
The Amityville Horror (2005)
House of Wax (2005)
A Nightmare on Elm Street 3: Dream Warriors (1987)
Date Movie (2006)
Glengarry Glen Ross (1992)
The World's End (2013)
Scott Pilgrim vs. the World (2010)
Kick-Ass (2010)
The Other Guys (2010)
Paul (2011)
Hellboy (2004)
Children of Men (2006)
Anchorman: The Legend of Ron Burgundy (2004)
Tropic Thunder (2008)
The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (2005)
Kill Bill: Vol. 2 (2004)
Sin City (2005)
The Bourne Ultimatum (2007)
Groundhog Day (1993)
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Top 10 Famous Stolen Body Parts
In a ceremony on May 9, a French museum in the town of Rouen returned to officials from New Zealand the embalmed head of a Maori warrior, which had languished in the museum as an exotic collectible for over a century. TIME takes a look at history's other notable pilfered remains.
Next View All
Dem Bones
St. Francis Xavier's Toe
By Christopher ShayTuesday, May 10, 2011
Popperfoto / Getty Images
In the 16th century, St. Francis Xavier spent a lot of time on his feet, spreading the gospel throughout Spain, France, Italy, Malaysia, Japan, Sri Lanka and India, dying at sea en route to China. When a group of Christians disinterred his body a few months later, they were surprised to see it in a perfect state of preservation. But just as in life, his "incorrupt body" didn't stay at rest for long. In its first public exhibition of corpse in Goa, India, in fit of reverence, a Portuguese woman bit off his big toe. Allegedly, the toe gushed blood, and she was caught when people followed the grisly trail to her home. Today, St. Francis Xavier's toe is on display in a silver reliquary in a cathedral in Goa. And it isn't the only part of St. Xavier's corpse to travel: There's a diamond-encrusted fingernail on display in a different village in Goa, part of an arm was sent to Rome, and there's a hand in Japan.
Next The Head of King Badu Bonsu II
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Features, Homepage, Legal, News Blog
CBLDF’s History of Comics Censorship Presentation, Annotated by Joe Sergi’s Cup of Geek
by cbldf • April 19, 2012 • Comments Off on CBLDF’s History of Comics Censorship Presentation, Annotated by Joe Sergi’s Cup of Geek
by Joe Sergi
A little note before I begin. The below discussion involves a little more legal theory and history than I am usually comfortable writing about. And while I am a lawyer, I do not practice First Amendment Law. And while a card carrying member of the Comic Book Legal Defense Fund (CBLDF) and I regularly contribute to them, I have never worked for or represented the CBLDF (and am actually restricted from doing so by Federal Regulation). Most importantly, I did NOT stay in a Holiday Inn Express last night. As a result, nothing below is meant to be legal advice or even a legal opinion. I’m merely summarizing what happened at the panel (and giving my personal views as a creator and following up where applicable). In short, “Some restrictions apply”; “void where prohibited by law and not available in NJ”; and “Do not taunt happy fun ball.” Now that that’s out of the way (darn lawyers):
I attended a great presentation by Charles Brownstein, the Executive Director of the Comic Book Legal Defense Fund (CBLDF), which traced the history of censorship in America. Surprisingly, C2E2 actually had two panels on censorship and scheduled them at exactly the same time. To their credit, once the organizers realized this, they moved the CBLDF Panel. The other one was done by the ALA and I didn’t get to attend. But, I made it a point to attend the CBLDF panel (and gave up a chance to hang with John Cusack to do it—sorry John). It was called “CBLDF: The History (and Future) of Comics Censorship.”
I am a big fan of the CBLDF and the work they do. I wrote a post about them here. A relative young organization, only in existence for 26 year, the CBLDF exists to protect the First Amendment Rights of creators, retailer, and libraries. And why many people know what they do, this panel highlighted the reasons why we need a CBLDF in the world. I took fairly comprehensive notes and will do my best at summarizing Mr. Brownstein’s fascinating lecture.
Brownstein started by reading the First Amendment and stressing the importance of the exact words. I agree with him and so I will reproduce them here in full:
Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.
If you look at those words, the First Amendment doesn’t say that only free speech that you are comfortable with or agree with is protected; it says that all free speech is protected. Obscenity, on the other hand, is not protected. And throughout history kids try to rebel and parents try to protect them by reining them in. That is a noble goal, but sometimes people freak out and overcompensate. And when things are taken too far, you end with censorship. Sadly, censorship arising from moral panic is a constant presence in the history of comics. From the thirties to the modern day, the medium has been stigmatized as warping young minds.
Comics came out in the 30s and pretty much from that day moral crusaders said that comics corrupted youth. This outcry led to a rash of public criticism in popular magazines and newspapers. In fact, it got so bad that people actually led to comic book burning.
Brownstein pointed out the absurdity of this as comics were powerfully important in influencing society and the youth. In fact, he gave the statistic that during World War II, 25% of printed matter sent to military wee comics. And while these comics were fine for the young men and women defending the country, those same books were being burned back in the states.
In response the Association of Comics Magazine Publishers was created in 1948 to regulate the industry and create rules which were modeled loosely after the 1930 Hollywood Production Code. Essentially, this code banned graphic depictions of violence and gore in crime and horror comics, as well as the sexual innuendo of what aficionados refer to as good girl art. But, the organization never took off.
Dr. Fredrick Wertham
I’m not sure there is a comic book fan who isn’t familiar with the infamous Dr. Wertham or his book, Seduction of the Innocent.
Dr. Wertham was a child psychologist who worked with juvenile delinquents. Juvenile delinquency was on the rise in America in the 1950s and he tried to figure out why. He discovered that many of his patients read comics. As a result, he concluded that comics were a corruptive influence on children. Apparently, he was also a media hound who was always looking for way to be in the spotlight and his used his anti-comics soap box as a road to celebrity.
The apex of his anti-comics work was the 1954 book Seduction of the Innocent, which vilified horror, crime, and superhero comics. This book led to the brutal censorship of comics in the 1950s. Brownstein again showed the hypocrisy of Wertham’s position by pointing out the Werthams’s view of child sidekicks as homoerotic child abuse, when in fact the sidekick was created as a way to help kids deal with their absentee father figures who were shipped overseas during the war.
As a result of Wertham’s crusade, the Senate Subcommittee on Juvenile Delinquency held hearings in 1954. Wertham was asked to testify to a room of sympathetic Senators. He made a convincing case.
On the same day, Congress also heard from William Gaines, the publisher of EC Comics. EC comics printed crime and horror comics (Brownstein didn’t mention it, but I always found it kind of ironic that EC Comics started by printing Bible comics.) EC Comics, which included titles such as Tales from the Crypt, The Vault of Horror, Shock SuspenStories, Weird Science and Two-Fisted Tales, featured stories with content above the level of the typical comic. For some reason, Gaines volunteered to appear at the hearing (which is never good advice). He also was on diet pills. So, by the time he actually was able to testify after Wertham, he was crashing on the pills and experiencing flop sweats. To make matters worse, he was defiant in his testimony and met with disdain from the Senators. In short, his testimony was a public disaster and led to further public backlash against comics.
To bring the story home, Brownstein mentioned a few examples, such as the aggressive opening remarks by Gaines. I was able to track down a copy of them, he said:
“Entertaining reading has never harmed anyone. Men of good will, free men should be very grateful for one sentence in the statement made by Federal Judge John M. Woolsey when he lifted the ban on Ulysses. Judge Woolsey said, ‘It is only with the normal person that the law is concerned.’ May I repeat, he said, “It is only with the normal person that the law is concerned.” Our American children are for the most part normal children. They are bright children, but those who want to prohibit comic magazines seem to see dirty, sneaky, perverted monsters who use the comics as a blueprint for action. Perverted little monsters are few and far between. They don’t read comics. The chances are most of them are in schools for retarded children. What are we afraid of? Are we afraid of our own children? Do we forget that they are citizens, too, and entitled to select what to read or do? Do we think our children are so evil, so simple minded, that it takes a story of murder to set them to murder, a story of robbery to set them to robbery? Jimmy Walker once remarked that he never knew a girl to be ruined by a book. Nobody has ever been ruined by a comic.”
Brownstein also mentioned that, during the hearing Gaines was showed a cover of Crime Suspense Stories, which featured a killer carrying the severed head of a woman and an axe and was asked whether he thought it was in good taste. As a result of his responses, the major newspapers announced in headlines that “Crime publisher says shock comics in good taste.”
If you are curious, here is a copy of that infamous cover.
And a copy of his testimony:
Chief Counsel Herbert Beaser: Let me get the limits as far as what you put into your magazine. Is the sole test of what you would put into your magazine whether it sells? Is there any limit you can think of that you would not put in a magazine because you thought a child should not see or read about it?
Bill Gaines: No, I wouldn’t say that there is any limit for the reason you outlined. My only limits are the bounds of good taste, what I consider good taste.
Beaser: Then you think a child cannot in any way, in any way, shape, or manner, be hurt by anything that a child reads or sees?
Gaines: I don’t believe so.
Beaser: There would be no limit actually to what you put in the magazines?
Gaines: Only within the bounds of good taste.
Beaser: Your own good taste and saleability?
Gaines: Yes.
Senator Estes Kefauver: Here is your May 22 issue. [Kefauver is mistakenly referring to Crime Suspenstories #22, cover date May] This seems to be a man with a bloody axe holding a woman’s head up which has been severed from her body. Do you think that is in good taste?
Gaines: Yes sir, I do, for the cover of a horror comic. A cover in bad taste, for example, might be defined as holding the head a little higher so that the neck could be seen dripping blood from it, and moving the body over a little further so that the neck of the body could be seen to be bloody.
Kefauver: You have blood coming out of her mouth.
Gaines: A little.
Kefauver: Here is blood on the axe. I think most adults are shocked by that.
After the devastating Senate hearings, the comics industry was faced with an angry public and the fear of Congressional interference through adverse regulations. In response, the industry created the Comics Code Authority (CCA). Similar to the Association of Comic Magazine Publishers, the CCA sought self-regulate comics. Essentially, the CCA sought to sanitize comics and eliminated the crime and horror genres. Essentially, comics for older teens and adult disappeared for nearly fifteen years.
The Underground Comix Movement
From 1966 through 1973, there a movement called underground comix. Underground comix emerged as an uncensored form of art that challenged class, sexuality, equality, politics, and drugs. (I should add that I don’t particularly enjoy reading underground comix and they are not my cup of tea. But, that is a far cry for believing that they should be pulled off the market.) Underground comix thrived for less than ten years because of changes in the law. These changes came about with a criminal case involving Zap Comix. Although Zap Comix was thought to be the gold standard for underground commix, it was also the first to be found to be legally obscene.
Specifically, there was a story in Zap Comix #4 that attacked social conventions. One of the stories, “Joe Blow” by Robert Crumb, was drawn in a simple line Walt Disney style and featured a white collared executive who, after a hard day at the office, enjoyed spending quality time with his nuclear family. Of course, this quality time consisted of an incestual orgy (with the motto “the family that lays together, stays together.”), thus providing a unique commentary on the hypocrisy of America. Brownstein added that Crumb is now hanging in several museums. Zap Comix #4 was the subject of a sting operation and retailers who offered it were prosecuted for (and found guilty of) selling obscenity in New York. The book was also prohibited from being sold over the counter in New York. It is interesting to note that Judge Joel Tyler, who provided over the case is the same judge who made Deep Throat famous by ruling it to be obscene. In the Zap Comix opinion, Judge Tyler stated, “. . . the cartoon is ugly, cheap and degrading. Its purpose—to stimulate erotic responses, and does not, as claimed, deal with basic realities of life. It is grossly shocking—demeaning the sexual experience by perverting it . . . it is part of the underworld press—the growing world of deceit in sex, and it is not reality or honesty, as they often claim it to be. It represents an emotional incapacity to view sex as a basic part of the human condition.” After the panel, I did some research and discovered that when Judge Tyler retired, he said, referring to the Deep Throat decision, “If I were to write that appendix today, I would be deemed a fool, given the substantial change in our outlook.” Given the recognition of Crumb, Pekar, and many other underground creators , I think he would agree that the statement would equally apply to the Zap Comix decision. I found out Judge Tyler died in January at the age of 90.
Brownstein next discussed the 1973 decision in Miller v. California, in which the United States Supreme Court laid down the standard for constitutes unprotected obscenity for First Amendment purposes. (I’m not sure I mentioned it earlier, but it is clear that “obscenity” is not protected by the First Amendment.) Brownstein then articulated what has become known as the Miller test for determining what constituted obscene material. The test has three parts:
Whether “the average person, applying contemporary community standards”, would find that the work, taken as a whole, appeals to the prurient interest,
Whether the work depicts/describes, in a patently offensive way, sexual conduct specifically defined by applicable state law,
Whether the work, taken as a whole, lacks serious literary, artistic, political or scientific value.
The work is considered obscene only if all three conditions are satisfied. (I should add that the first two prongs of the Miller test are held to the standards of the community, and the last prong is held to what is reasonable to a person of the United States as a whole.) Brownstein added that After the Miller decision, content businesses braced for combat and many shops simply removed questionable material from their sheleves. Basically, it was a fatal blow for Underground Comix.
Spidey vs. Drugs
An interesting thing happened in the lates 60s/early 70s, while the underground was dying, mainstream comics were thriving. Brownstein discussed that in 1971, Stan Lee, at the request of the government, wrote a Spider-Man comic dealing with drug abuse. This comic violated the Comics Code and did not receive approval, but Marvel still released the book. The success of the issue and the importance of the issue led to the amendement of the code to allow drug use so long as it was depicted as a viscious habit.
Through some post panel research, I discovered that the book was requested by the United States Department of Health, Education and Welfare. The three issue story ran from #96–98 (cover date of May–July 1971) . I should also mention that the Comics Code at the time did not specifically forbid depictions of drugs. Instead, Marvel ran afoul of the a clause prohibiting “All elements or techniques not specifically mentioned herein, but which are contrary to the spirit and intent of the code, and are considered violations of good taste or decency”. At the time, acting administrator John L. Goldwater, publisher of Archie Comics, refused to grant Code approval based on the depiction of narcotics being used, regardless of the context. For those of you really interested, I should add that I remember, from a previous panel that the CCA had previously approved a story involving drugs, in Strange Adventures #205 (Oct. 1967), in which Deadman fought opium smugglers. But I digress.
Fandom Carries the Torch
The panel next moved into how organized fandom saved comics through the use of conventions and specialty stores. These led to the creation of what has become known as the Direct Market and for bringing Japanese Manga to be introduced in America. As a result, the 1980s saw a huge surge of comics published for adults. Brownstein cited numerous examples of both independent books (like Fantographics, Cerebus, and Elfquest) and the experimentation done by Marvel and DC (like Epic Illustrated and Alan Moore’s run on Swamp Thing). However, the new comics revolution really started with the release of the Dark Knight Returns and Watchman, which put comics on the forefront as a means to offer commentary on society. Also at this time, Viz Media began to bring Manga to American audiences with more adult themes and simple line art. In short, comics (along with pop culture, in general) were being viewed as having artistic merit.
Of course, with the increased exposure and recognition of artistic merit came added exposure and, at times, overzealousness on the part of law enforcement authorities. On November 18, 1986, police officers had come into the shop, and seized seven comic titles, including Omaha the Cat Dancer, Weirdo and Heavy Metal. They also arrested the store manager, Michael Correa, on charges of displaying obscene material. Ultimately, Correa was fined $750.00 and sentenced to one year probation. Brownstein then commented that, after the long history of oppression, the comics industry wasn’t going to be beaten down again. So, Denis Kitchen got some money together, hired a lawyer named Burton Joseph who was a well-known attorney who specialized in First Amendment cases. Joseph got the Correa conviction overturned.
I found out after the panel that Kitchen felt a personal sense of responsibility because his company, Kitchen Sink Press published Omaha the Cat Dancer, one of books sold by Correa that resulted in his arrest. Kitchen then created limited edition prints (made by some of the biggest names in the industry) and raised around $20,000 (including his own personal contributions), which was put into a bank account for the Comic Book Legal Defense Fund.
Brownstein stressed that he couldn’t discuss the work by the organization is done before a case is filed. So, most of the work done by the CBLDF is never seen. Brownstein did specifically mentioned some of the cases that the CBLDF assisted with:
Comic artist Paul Mavides prevailed against a resolution by the State of California to levy a sales tax on comic strips and comic books with assistance from the CBLDF
Florida based underground comic book artist Mike Diana was convicted for obscenity stemming from his self-published Boiled Angel. The CBLDF was unable to overturn the conviction and Diana served his sentence in New York.
Comic book artist Kieron Dwyer was sued by Starbucks Coffee and was forced to comply with an injunction saying could no longer use his logo for its confusing similarity to that of Starbucks.
Although not mentioned in the panel, the CBLDF filed a friend-of-the-court brief (amicus Brief) in Schwarzenegger v. EMA, successfully urging the Supreme Court to affirm the Ninth Circuit’s decision that a California law banning the sale or rental of any video game containing violent content to minors, and requiring manufacturers to label such games, is unconstitutional. I attended to the oral argument.
Manga Under Attack
Brownstein then turned to the most recent case, involving Ryan Matheson, who was detained by Canadian authorities and accused of possessing and importing Child Pornography because they found two comic Manga images on his laptop. (This is also known as the Brandon X case). Brownstein showed one of the confiscated images, which was called the Shijūhatte (“the 48 positions”), which showed The Japanese drawings style that features super cutey childlike figures (I think it’s called “Moe”, but don’t quote me) having sex. They also confiscated a fan sketch that Brownstein said was like anything that was being sold in artist alley.
After a search of his laptop in 2010, Matheson was wrongfully accused of possessing and importing child pornography because of constitutionally protected comic book images on that device. He was subjected to abusive treatment by police and a disruption in his life that included a two-year period during which he was unable to use computers or the internet outside of his job, severely limiting opportunities to advance his employment and education. Thanks, in part to the work of the CBLDF, the Canadian Authorities have since withdrawn all charges against Matheson. But, then Brownstein stated that the CBLDF assisted in paying some of the legal bills (which exceeded $75,000) incurred by Matheson and provided expert support. CBLDF is currently seeking funds to help pay off the $45,000 debt Matheson incurred as a result of his case, and to create new tools to prevent future cases.
Brownstein heralded Matheson’s attitude of not backing down and being willing to fight for the art form that he loved.
And, while not mentioned on the panel, I should add that I had read somewhere that Comic artists Tom Neely and Dylan Williams also had books they were carrying over the US/Canadian border confiscated because the custom officials weren’t familiar with Manga. So if you are traveling you have to be careful. The CBLDF has written a Legal memorandum on Candaian issues available at http://cbldf.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/CBLDF-Legal-Memorandum-Canada-Issues.pdf and issued an advisory entitled, “CBLDF Advisory – Comic Book Art at Intl Borders” available at http://cbldf.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/CBLDF-Advisory-Comic-Book-Art-at-Intl-Borders.pdf. You should check them out if you have any concerns.
Final Statements
The prepared portion of the panel ended with what could be done. The most obvious easiest way to help would be to go make a contribution at www.cbldf.org. People should also spread the word about the CBLDF and cases like the one involving Matheson. People should take the time to learn about their rights and the CBLDF is a great place to start. Finally, if you have an interest you should consider writing an article for the site. Brownstein stressed that the CBLDF is a small organization that has received less than $500,000 in donation and has two people running it. They are lean and committed to the notion that comics are not a crime and no one should go to jail because of art.
I talked to Mr. Brownstein after the panel and found out that the CBLDF has acquired from the defunct CMAA the intellectual property rights to the Comics Code seal, which will not be used in their promotion.
I wish I could do more for this great organization.
Joe lives outside of Washington, DC with his wife, Yee, and daughter, Elizabeth. Joe has published short stories in the science fiction and horror genres. In addition, Joe has published several comic stories. Finally, Joe was selected as a semi-finalist in the Who Wants To Create A Superheroine contest sponsored by the Shadowline Imprint of Image Comics. In 2010, Joe was the awared the HALLER for Best Writer by the ComicBook Artist Guild at the 2010 New York ComicCon. Visit his website, Cup of Geek, here.
To bring this presentation to your school, convention, or event, please contact Charles.Brownstein@cbldf.org
← Chicago Shows Huge Support At C2E2!
CBLDF Heads to LA for the Festival of Books! →
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The Spirit of the Bunker Hill Projects Will Live On
By Bill Durette
There is a common belief that the Bunker Hill Housing Projects were built for Charlestown WWI veterans.
This is partially true; the main purpose was to provide quality affordable housing. The actual funding for the Bunker Hill Housing Projects came into existence through the passage of the Housing Act of 1937, which helped fund what was called “slum clearance.” This program came into existence around the country to clear out dilapidated housing and create new affordable public housing. The current area of the Projects in Charlestown was identified and hence began the construction. About 90 houses were razed by the City of Boston to make way for the Projects which began in 1939. Today we see the Projects in the opposite role.
Prior to the construction in 1938, as WWII loomed in Europe, the importance of the Bunker Hill Projects took a more prominent role. That year in preparation for war, President Roosevelt declared a limited national emergency, which directed measures to strengthen the national defense. This declaration poured money into the defense industry. Housing planners worried about the influx of workers into areas that had defense plants and Navy Yards. Conveniently, as the Bunker Hill development was nearing completion in 1940 it would provide the housing needed for the Charlestown Navy Yard workers. Those workers certainly could not complain about the commute. That year in 1940, the first 100 families moved in. They were mostly families that had their houses demolished to make way for the Projects and families of Navy Yard workers. When the US entered WWII, the Projects also became home to many families that had someone serving in the military or merchant marines. I can attest to this because my Grandparents, Eileen and Edward Strout, moved into 105 Walford Way in 1940-my grandfather having served in WWII. Sadly, 14 of those men would lose their life during the war and never return home.
During the construction planning of the Projects several streets where eliminated and several new streets where formed. Streets like Sprague, Marion, Princeton, Stone and Bainbridge were eliminated and new streets and courts created. The new streets and courts were named after notable persons of prominence that lived in Charlestown, something we have no shortage of. Samuel Morse Way is the easiest one to identify, having been the inventor of the telegraph and Morse code. O’Brien Court was named after Lt Colonel James F. O’Brien who served with the 48th Infantry and was killed during the Civil War. O’Meara Court was named after police commissioner Stephen O’Meara who became the first police commissioner of Boston in 1906. O’Reilly Way was named after Irish born Charles B. O’Reilly, poet, writer and journalist. Carney Court was named after Lt. Daniel Carney who served with the 26th Yankee Division. He was the first person from Charlestown killed in WWI. McNulty Court was named after William McNulty, another person killed in WWI. Tufts Street is named after Peter Tufts who was an early settler of Charlestown and whose family founded Tufts University. Other streets like Walford Way were named after Thomas and Jane Walford who also were Charlestown early settlers. Thomas Moulton was also an early settler for which Moulton Street is named. Starr King court was named after Thomas Starr King, a minster who preached in his Father’s church in Charlestown. He was made famous by Abraham Lincoln as the one person that prevented California from succeeding from the Union. He is sometimes referred to as “the orator who saved the nation. A mountain in the White Mountains is named after him and a peak in Yosemite National Park bears his name. The corner of Polk and O’Reilly Way is dedicated to Lt. Michael Quinn who lost his life serving with the 1st Marine Division in Vietnam.
As the Bunker Hill Projects now see the beginning of the end, today we look for the new development to carry on that same spirit for which the projects where built, providing affordable housing for veterans and working class families, this along with retaining our current dedications. The Boston Housing Authority and the developer, Leggat McCall Properties and Joseph Corcoran Company, have recognized the importance of all this and have committed to retaining all the Street and court names. Pamela Jonah of the development team stated, “We are committed in keeping intact the historical dedications that are part of the Bunker Hill Redevelopment.”
In the case where a court is physically eliminated an alternate dedication that is agreed upon by the Charlestown Historical Society and the Charlestown Veterans Partnership program will be put in place. Julie Hall from the Charlestown Historical Society states, “We are relieved in knowing our history will not get lost with the development and Leggat McCall has been a willing partner in helping with this important piece.”
As we will see the old brick buildings torn down, we can take comfort in knowing our people history will not be erased, for they are what define Charlestown.
← Councilors Call for Hearing on Enforcement of Short-Term Rental Regulations
FEMA to Reimburse Families Up to $9,000 Who Lost a Loved One Due to COVID-19 →
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After our stop with Knobbly Knees (no disrespect but he does have a really long name and he really does have knobbly knees) we drove for an hour and twenty minutes – as the crow flies Mandalay to Mingun is just across the Irrawaddy River but you have to drive for half an hour to get to the bridge, two sides of a triangle later we pull up to our first holy site in Mingun. Hsinbyume Pagoda or Mya Thein Dan Pagoda, is really quite a stunner all in white. The pagoda was built by Prince Bagyidaw in 1816 after succeeding power from his grandfather King Bodawpaya (his father died in 1808). It was finished in 1819 which coincided with his official ascendency to the throne and he became King Bagyidaw of the Konbaung dynasty. The pagoda was named after the King Bagyidaw’s first wife, Queen Hsinbyume, whose name literally can be translated to White Elephant Queen. The Queen died after giving birth to the King’s first child.
To fund the construction, the King used 100,000 emeralds, hence the name Mya (Emerald) Thein Tan (100,000). During the destructive earthquake in 1838, the Hsinbyume Pagoda was seriously damaged but was restored at a later date.
Entrance, up the first set of stairs, across an open area, another entrance and a repeat set of stairs.
At the top was a little sanctuary that housed a happy, young-looking Buddha dressed in orange.
Outside was a walkway surrounded by pillars.
To the front, the Irrawaddy River.
Behind, a view over the countryside. No view here in Myanmar that doesn’t include a stupa or two.
To the pagoda’s left is the massive but never finished Mingun Pahtodawgyi.
We went back down to the middle open area. The pagoda has a very distinctive architectural style, compared to other pagodas in Myanmar. At the base of the structure is a circular terrace shape representing the seven mountain ranges surrounding Mount Meru, the centre of the universe in Buddhist cosmology. The top of the pagoda is said to be designed according to the style of the Chulamanee pagoda on Mount Meru which is topped with a gold spire enshrining the Buddha image. (Mount Meru is a sacred cosmological mountain with five peaks and is considered to be the centre of all physical, metaphysical and spiritual universes).
Down the final staircase to the lower level and a bimble around the busy edge.
Outside the flower sellers and back onto the street.
Opposite, some really lovely paintings for sale.
Walking toward the Mingun Bell we passed hat stalls and lots of artwork.
The repair garage where the owner was having a rest with a good book.
More hats, clothes and decorative grass balls.
Opposite was the Mingun Buddhist Home for the Aged, rather nice. I yielded and bought a tee shirt for two pounds fifty and a pair of trousers for the same price – an outfit for a fiver, you extravagant thing, you. Then, there we were at the Mingun Bell.
ALL IN ALL REALLY DIFFERENT TO ALL THE OTHERS AND VERY PRETTY
VERY BUSY
Bill's Ears <
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asmaa bint abu bakr female sahaba stories biography, sahabah, sahaabah, sahabi, sahabi's, companion of prophet mohammed saw
asmaa bint abu bakr female R.A Sahaba
Asmaa bint Abu Bakr belonged to a distinguished Muslim family. Her father, Abu Bakr, was a close friend of the Prophet and the first Khalifah after his death. Her half- sister, A'ishah, was a wife of the Prophet and one of the Ummahat al-Mu 'm ineen. Her husband, Zubayr ibn al- Awwam, was one of the special personal aides of the Prophet. Her son, Abdullah ibn az-Zubayr, became well- known for his incorruptibility and his unswerving devotion to Truth.
Asmaa herself was one of the first persons to accept Islam. Only about seventeen persons including both men and women became Muslims before her. She was later given the nickname Dhat an-Nitaqayn (the One with the Two Waistbands) because of an incident connected with the departure of the Prophet and her father from Makkah on the historic hijrah to Madinah.
Asmaa was one of the few persons who knew of the Prophet's plan to leave for Madinah. The utmost secrecy had to be maintained because of the Quraysh plans to murder the Prophet. On the night of their departure, Asmaa was the one who prepared a bag of food and a water container for their journey. She did not find anything though with which to tie the containers and decided to use her waistband or nitaq. Abu Bakr suggested that she tear it into two. This she did and the Prophet commended her action. From then on she became known as "the One with the Two Waistbands".
When the final emigration from Makkah to Madinah took place soon after the departure of the Prophet, Asmaa was pregnant. She did not let her pregnancy or the prospect of a long and arduous journey deter her from leaving. As soon as she reached Quba on the outskirts of Madinah, she gave birth to a son, Abdullah. The Muslims shouted AllaXu Akbar (God is the Greatest) and Laa ilaaha illa Allah (There is no God but Allah) in happiness and thanksgiving because this was the first child to be born to the muhajireen in Madinah.
Asmaa became known for her fine and noble qualities and for the keenness of her intelligence. She was an extremely generous person. Her son Abdullah once said of her, "I have not seen two women more generous than my aunt A'ishah and my mother Asmaa. But their generosity was expressed in different ways. My aunt would accumulate one thing after another until she had gathered what she felt was sufficient and then distributed it all to those in need. My mother, on the other hand, would not keep anything even for the morrow."
Asmaa's presence of mind in difficult circumstances was remarkable. When her father left Makkah, he took all his wealth, amounting to some six thousand dirhams, with him and did not leave any for his family. When Abu Bakr's father, Abu Quhafah (he was still a mushrik) heard of his departure he went to his house and said to Asmaa:
"I understand that he has left you bereft of money after he himself has abandoned you."
"No, grandfather," replied Asmaa, "in fact he has left us much money." She took some pebbles and put them in a small recess in the wall where they used to put money. She threw a cloth over the heap and took the hand of her grandfather --he was blind--and said, "See how much money he has left us".
Through this strategem, Asmaa wanted to allay the fears of the old man and to forestall him from giving them anything of his own wealth. This was because she disliked receiving any assistance from a mushrik even if it was her own grandfather.
She had a similar attitude to her mother and was not inclined to compromise her honour and her faith. Her mother, Qutaylah, once came to visit her in Madinah. She was not a Muslim and was divorced from her father in preIslamic times. Her mother brought her gifts of raisins, clarified butter and qaraz (pods of a species of sant tree). Asmaa at first refused to admit her into her house or accept the gifts. She sent someone to A'ishah to ask the Prophet, peace be upon him, about her attitude to her mother and he replied that she should certainly admit her to her house and accept the gifts. On this occasion, the following revelation came to the Prophet:
"God forbids you not, with regard to those who do not fight you because of your faith nor drive you out of your homes, from dealing kindly and justly with them. God loves those who are just. God only forbids you with regard to those who fight you for your Faith, and drive you from your homes, and support others in driving you out, from turning to them (for friendship and protection). It is such as turn to them (in these circumstances) that do wrong." (Surah al-Mumtahanah 60: 8-9).
For Asmaa and indeed for many other Muslims, life in Madinah was rather difficult at first. Her husband was quite poor and his only major possession to begin with was a horse he had bought. Asmaa herself described these early days:
"I used to provide fodder for the horse, give it water and groom it. I would grind grain and make dough but I could not bake well. The women of the Ansar used to bake for me. They were truly good women. I used to carry the grain on my head from az-Zubayr's plot which the Prophet had allocated to him to cultivate. It was about three farsakh (about eight kilometres) from the town's centre. One day I was on the road carrying the grain on my head when I met the Prophet and a group of Sahabah. He called out to me and stopped his camel so that I could ride behind him. I felt embarrassed to travel with the Prophet and also remembered az-Zubayr's jealousy--he was the most jealous of men. The Prophet realised that I was embarrassed and rode on."
Later, Asmaa related to az-Zubayr exactly what had happened and he said, "By God, that you should have to carry grain is far more distressing to me than your riding with (the Prophet)".
Asmaa obviously then was a person of great sensitivity and devotion. She and her husband worked extremely hard together until their situation of poverty gradually changed. At times, however, az-Zubayr treated her harshly. Once she went to her father and complained to him about this. His reply to her was: "My daughter, have sabr for if a woman has a righteous husband and he dies and she does not marry after him, they will be brought together again in Paradise."
Az-Zubayr eventually became one of the richest men among the Sahabah but Asmaa did not allow this to corrupt her principles. Her son, al-Mundhir once sent her an elegant dress from Iraq made of fine and costly material. Asmaa by this time was blind. She felt the material and said, "It's awful. Take it back to him".
Al-Mundhir was upset and said, "Mother, it was not transparent."
"It may not be transparent," she retorted, "but it is too tight-fitting and shows the contours of the body." Al-Mundhir bought another dress that met with her approval and she accepted it.
If the above incidents and aspects of Asmaa's life may easily be forgotten, then her final meeting with her son, Abdullah, must remain one of the most unforgettable moments in early Muslim history. At that meeting she demonstrated the keenness of her intelligence, her resoluteness and the strength of her faith. Abdullah was in the running for the Caliphate after the death of Yazid ibn Mu'awiyah. The Hijaz, Egypt, Iraq, Khurasan and much of Syria were favourable to him and acknowledged him as the Caliph. The Ummayyads however continued to contest the Caliphate and to field a massive army under the command of Al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf ath-Thaqafi. Relentless battles were fought between the two sides during which Abdullah ibn az-Zubayr displayed great acts of courage and heroism. Many of his supporters however could not withstand the continuous strain of battle and gradually began to desert him. Finally he sought refuge in the Sacred Mosque at Makkah. It was then that he went to his mother, now an old blind woman, and said:
"Peace be on you, Mother, and the mercy and blessings of God."
"Unto you be peace, Abdullah," she replied. "What is it that brings you here at this hour while boulders from Hajjaj's catapults are raining down on your soldiers in the Haram and shaking the houses of Makkah?" "I came to seek your advice," he said.
"To seek my advice?" she asked in astonishment. "About what?"
"The people have deserted me out of fear of Hajjaj or being tempted by what he has to offer. Even my children and my family have left me. There is only a small group of men with me now and however strong and steadfast they are they can only resist for an hour or two more. Messengers of the Banu Umayyah (the Umayyads) are now negotiating with me, offering to give me whatever wordly possessions I want, should I lay down my arms and swear allegiance to Abdul Malik ibn Marwan. What do you think?"
Raising her voice, she replied:
"It's your affair, Abdullah, and you know yourself better. If however you think that you are right and that you are standing up for the Truth, then persevere and fight on as your companions who were killed under your flag had shown perseverance. If however you desire the world, what a miserable wretch you are. You would have destroyed yourself and you would have destroyed your men."
"But I will be killed today, there is no doubt about it."
"That is better for you than that you should surrender yourself to Hajjaj voluntarily and that some minions of Banu Umayyah should play with your head."
"I do not fear death. I am only afraid that they will mutilate me."
"There is nothing after death that man should be afraid of. Skinning does not cause any pain to the slaughtered sheep."
Abdullah's face beamed as he said:
"What a blessed mother! Blessed be your noble qualities! I have come to you at this hour to hear what I have heard. God knows that I have not weakened or despaired. He is witness over me that I have not stood up for what I have out of love for this world and its attractions but only out of anger for the sake of God. His limits have been transgressed. Here am I, going to what is pleasing to you. So if I am killed, do not grieve for me and commend me to God."
"I shall grieve for you," said the ageing but resolute Asmaa, "only if you are killed in a vain and unjust cause."
"Be assured that your son has not supported an unjust cause, nor committed any detestable deed, nor done any injustice to a Muslim or a Dhimmi and that there is nothing better in his sight than the pleasure of God, the Mighty, the Great. I do not say this to exonerate myself. God knows that I have only said it to make your heart firm and steadfast. "
"Praise be to God who has made you act according to what He likes and according fo what I like. Come close to me, my son, that I may smell and feel your body for this might be the last meeting with you." Abdullah knelt before her. She hugged him and smothered his head, his face and his neck with kisses. Her hands began to squeeze his body when suddenly she withdrew them and asked:
"What is this you are wearing, Abdullah?"
"This is my armour plate."
"This, my son, ls not the dress of one who desires martyrdom. Take it off. That will make your movements lighter and quicker. Wear instead the sirwal (a long under garment) so that if you are killed your 'awrah will not be exposed.
Abdullah took off his armour plate and put on the sirwal. As he left for the Haram to join the fighting he said:
"My mother, don't deprive me of your dada (prayer)."
Raising her hands to heaven, she prayed:
"O Lord, have mercy on his staying up for long hours and his loud crying in the darkness of the night while people slept . . .
"O Lord, have mercy on his hunger and his thirst on his journeys from Madinah and Makkah while he fasted . . .
"O Lord, bless his righteousness to his mother and his father . . .
"O Lord, I commend him to Your cause and I am pleased with whatever You decree for him. And grant me for his sake the reward of those who are patient and who persevere."
By sunset, Abdullah was dead. Just over ten days later, his mother joined him. She was a hundred years old. Age had not made her infirm nor blunted the keenness of her mind.
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Timpani Solo
Timpani + ...
Parts for: Timpani
Composition: The Merry Wives of Windsor
Composer: Nicolai Otto
Download free scores::
Overture. Timpani, Percussion PDF 0 MB
The Merry Wives of Windsor (German: Die lustigen Weiber von Windsor) is an opera in three acts by Otto Nicolai to a German libretto by Salomon Hermann Mosenthal based on the play The Merry Wives of Windsor by William Shakespeare.
The opera is a Singspiel, containing much spoken dialogue between distinct musical numbers. The opera remains popular in Germany, and the overture is sometimes heard in concert in other countries.
Otto Nicolai composed the music from 1845 to 1849. He had previously achieved great success with a few Italian operas, but this opera was to become his masterpiece in the German language. The composer himself made some changes to the libretto.
It was difficult at first to find a stage that was willing to mount the opera, but following the premiere at the Königliches Opernhaus (Royal Opera House, now Berlin State Opera) in Berlin on 9 March 1849 under the baton of the composer, it achieved great success and its popularity continues to this day. Though the libretto and the dramaturgy may seem old-fashioned to today's audiences, the music is of such high quality that the work is nevertheless performed with increasing regularity.
23 performances of four productions were planned in four German cities between March and July 2012.
The overture inspired the short musical film, Overture to The Merry Wives of Windsor. Edwin Lemare also made a transcription for organ. In addition, Peter Richard Conte transcribed the score for the Wanamaker Organ.
Two married ladies, Frau Fluth and Frau Reich, discover that they both received love letters from the impoverished nobleman Falstaff at the same time. They decide to teach him a lesson and withdraw to hatch a plan. Now the husbands of Frau Fluth and Frau Reich come in. Anna, Frau Reich's daughter, is of marriageable age and three gentlemen seek her hand in marriage: Dr. Cajus, a French beau, is her mother's favorite, and her father wants the shy nobleman Spärlich as his son-in-law, but Anna is in love with the penniless Fenton.
Frau Fluth has invited Falstaff to a supposed tryst, and he enters with grand romantic gestures and clumsily attempts to ensnare her. As Frau Reich reports the return of the distrustful Herr Fluth, which had been previously arranged, the old gentleman is hidden in a laundry basket, the contents of which are quickly emptied into a ditch. Herr Fluth has searched the whole house in the meantime without success and is forced to believe his wife, who protests her innocence.
At the inn, Falstaff has recovered from his bath and sings bawdy drinking songs. A messenger brings him a letter, in which Frau Fluth proposes another rendezvous. Her husband appears in disguise and presents himself as Herr Bach to get Falstaff to talk about his trysts. He unsuspectingly brags about his affair with Frau Fluth, which provokes her husband's rage.
Spärlich and Cajus sneak around Anna's window, but before they attempt to go near, they hear Fenton's serenade and hide in the bushes. From there they observe a passionate love scene between the two lovers.
Falstaff is again with Frau Fluth, and Frau Reich again warns them both that Herr Fluth is on his way home. This time they dress the fat knight in women's clothes to try and pass him off as the maid. Herr Fluth enters and finds only the old maid, whom he angrily throws out of the house.
Fluth and Reich are finally let in on the plan by their wives and the four of them decide to take Falstaff for a ride one last time. The knight is expected to show up at a grand masked ball in Windsor Forest. Additionally, Herr and Frau Reich each plan to take advantage of the confusion to marry Anna off to their preferred suitor. Instead, however, she has arranged a nighttime meeting with Fenton in the forest.
After the moonrise, depicted by the choir and orchestra, the masked ball in the forest begins. At first, Falstaff, disguised as Ritter Herne, is lured by the two women, but then he is frightened by various other guests disguised as ghosts, elves, and insects. After the masks are removed and Falstaff is mocked by everyone, Anna and Fenton, who got married in the forest chapel, appear. In a cheerful closing number all of the parties are reconciled.
The opera follows the Singspiel tradition, in which musical numbers are connected by spoken dialog. Nicolai referred to the work as a "komisch-fantastische Oper" ("comic/fantasy opera"), reflecting its fusion of romantic opera in the style of Carl Maria von Weber and the comic operas of Albert Lortzing, which were very popular at the time. On the romantic side are the love scenes between Anna and Fenton, the ghost and elf music and, naturally, the moonrise. The opera buffa element comes into play with the figure of Falstaff, the husbands, and both of the suitors spurned by Anna.
The opera is scored for two flutes (second doubling piccolo), two oboes, two clarinets, two bassoons, four horns, two trumpets, three trombones, timpani, bass drum, cymbals, tenor drum, triangle, harp, strings, plus offstage harp and offstage bell in G.
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hey there lowstarers, here's more from the journal of rock. (just to let you know, i'm regretting 'lowstarers' already, i thought it would be a nice, friendly way to start the update and yet on reflection it makes you, the gentle reader, sound a bit like a crazed stalker, which i'm sure you're not and even if you were, why would i provoke you like that? rest assured it'll be the last time i use 'lowstarers', but i'll not give up on the lowstar puns you'll be pleased to learn). so, onto other things....
firstly, let me apologise to you for not being able to get your fix of lowstar of late, we've been having problems with the website and it's been out of our control, so to speak, so we've had to leave it, despite worrying that we might be losing you because you couldn't get connected to us, but thankfully it's all back running now (as you can probably tell), well before autumn has hit us... i suppose we could run a competition to find the lowstar titles in that paragraph but we don't have any prizes to offer. if you would like to email us to tell us that would be great though.
secondly, following on from the first update, it has become clear that although everyone who was in the practice room was able to easily understand ian from ian, it may not be clear to those of you that weren't there. actually, if i'm honest there were a few times when i wasn't so sure myself. so for ease of understanding, we have opted to begin referring to the singing ian as magic - not, he is at pains to point out, because he sees himself as so good it can only be explained by the black arts, or even because of his weekly exploits on the football field, where apparently pele has picked up a few tips, although it's not clear on what, but because of his sister and a very long story involving the magic 'e' song (tat becomes tate with he, he's magic magic e), so from now on 'magic' means ian the singing man and 'ian' means thumping tharpy on drums.
right, so the business is out of the way, onto practice, which started late because of the lack of rob (remember though that without magic 'e' it would've started lat). no blame should be attached to rob though because we knew about it and he wasn't that late anyway, so please keep the abusive emails addressed to him to a minimum. or the usual number whichever is higher as he doesn't have to get up early today - as usual after practice. practice could be described as lethargic, but only because we were cooped up in a room smaller than a lot of bathrooms and with a similar heat and humidity to if there was a really hot bath in it. on a hot day. hey, in a way it was like singing in the shower only with all of us there. and more clothes - except at the break when someone began to loosen his clothing a little more than was comfortable for the rest of us, i won't say who it was, but uncomfortable became uncomfortablee with he. (that doesn't quite work i know, but in a funny way it does). it was good though and the set is decided for the gig on the 16th. the graph of rock is not drawn as of yet, but the piechart of pop has been revealed and it shows the set to be only 7% quiet, it will be 24% hooks, 15% miserable, 42% rock and the rest will be tuning. or feedback. actually, if you include setting up time it becomes 2% rock, 98% magic setting up his pedals so they spread before him in a rainbow of rock.
so thoughts from the practice....
- are ginger buns the new biscuits?
- will rob ever do a day's work following a practice again?
- will keith ever release his bitterness at rob's lack of work following a practice?
- are the rumours of an 'easy lover' cover well founded?
- will ian ever ever ever be happy with the fill at the start of the new song? or will it increase in dificulty until it becomes something that only the young musician of the year can play if he's feeling ambitious, i fear next week it may be played on timpani and glock.... how awesome would that be!
- where exactly had keith's mic been before rehearsal? it smelt funny
- what was that 'funny movement' magic experienced after a particularly deep throb from rob's bass?
- will the ikea trolley be there next week?
if you have any of the answers please feel free to write to us, or just write if you want to say hi or something.
anyway, before we go, the man of the match of the Weekly Occurrence Event or as i like to call it the lowstar woestar is..... 'well, brian, it was another toughie this week. there was a general togetherness, a calm before the storm, the lowstar panther was lying low ready to spring into action in a couple of weeks, but one man stood out above the others briefly, yes one man's vision revealed itself to be just that little bit 'special', a bit outside the box. while the others were content to make their usual noises only one man thought to himself 'what the end of alphabet blues really needs is a quick link into the police's walking on the moon.' that man was thumping tharp. take a step forward young man, it's your week...'
ok, that's it for another week... have a good one and see you soon!
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The highest domestic drilling rig was born
- May 24, 2018-
“I really did not expect the base of the 13.7-meter-tall tower to rise so smoothly!” On September 27, the equipment management department of Sinopec Petroleum Engineering Technology Services Co., Ltd. organized an inspection and acceptance expert group to conduct factory acceptance of the ZJ90D drilling rig developed by the petrochemical machinery four-machine company. One expert commented.
Compared with the same model at home and abroad, the independently-innovated Sinopec 9000-meter drilling rig has achieved the world's first dual-beam double-delta column slingshot base, 13.7 meters high, creating a new record for the domestic base height; the first domestic application of single-selling The derrick is connected and the hydraulic winch lifting base is used for the first time. The overall structure of the drilling rig is reasonable, and the quakeproof capability is strong. It has the characteristics of small disassembly and assembly workload, high single-rooted efficiency, good structural stability, high degree of safety protection, and saving time for relocation. Fully meet the requirements of construction operations.
“This 9,000-meter drilling rig is based on research and development in the international high-end market and has reached the leading domestic and international advanced technology level.” said Xu Jun, a drilling and maintenance equipment expert at Petrochemical Machinery.
Domestic and foreign call for ultra-deep well drilling rig
The first 4,000-meter drilling rig was developed in 2005, the first quick-moving and fast-moving drilling rig in China in 2006, the 7000-meter drilling rig in 2008, the low-temperature wheel-rail drilling rig in 2009, and the four-machine company insisting on scientific and technological innovation to develop the characteristics of petroleum equipment. Technology has achieved a transition from follow-up to run, from and to lead, from manufacturing to creation.
In recent years, due to the impact of low oil prices, the drilling engineering market has entered the winter period, and equipment demand has declined. The four-machine company faced the problem, insisted on the combination of scientific and technological innovation and engineering practice, and strived to find a market growth point. According to the person in charge of the company's Technology Management Department, the turning point appeared in 2016. On July 14th this year, at the Sinopec Petroleum Engineering West Works Drilling Symposium, the company was informed that in accordance with the “Thirteenth Five-Year Plan” of the oil and gas exploration and development section of Sinopec, the deep and ultra-deep oil and gas in the northwest and the unconventional oil and gas in the Southwest have been integrated. Development and utilization will be the focus of the next phase of land-based oil and gas drilling operations. It plans to promote “three million tons of production capacity” during the “Thirteenth Five-Year Plan” period. Ton of production capacity, preparation of one million tons of production capacity in the North 2/4 block) to replace the position construction. However, with the further development and expansion of the western engineering area, the block wells have developed to a depth of 8000m-9000m, and the southwestern working area also faces severe challenges of complex geological structures, uncertain reservoirs, and deep well depths exceeding 8000m. This information allows the four-machine company to sharply capture the new changes in the domestic market demand for drilling rigs.
At the same time, the demand for ultra-deep well rigs has gradually increased in foreign countries. In August 2016, the four-machine company learned from overseas drilling rigs in Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, and the United Arab Emirates that it was also faced with the development needs of 7,000-meter-deep and deep wells, long horizontal wells, and directional wells in the Middle East.
“In the face of the severe challenges of the winter market, we must seize market opportunities, make good use of favorable conditions, and open up new development roads.” In September of that year, after the completion of overseas inspections, the company immediately launched the development of a 9,000-meter drilling rig.
Strict control of equipment manufacturing quality
The 9000-meter rig is one of the “four-machine” brand drilling rigs for petrochemical machinery, and is a “landmark” product for the company to push the development of ultra-deep well rigs to a new level and provide equipment support for engineering operations.
To this end, the company attaches great importance to the development of 9,000 meters drilling rig. Previously, they carried out special investigations in accordance with the principle of “advanced technology, reliable performance, convenient transportation, and economic operation” and designed a manufacturing program for a 9,000-meter drilling rig. On November 21, 2016, they passed the evaluation of the expert group of the Petroleum Engineering Company. .
In order to meet the operating requirements of low temperature below -35°C, the company used a certain type of high-strength, high-toughness, high-performance low-temperature steel for the first time in drilling machine manufacturing. At the beginning of the project, users were skeptical of the company's ability to process welding. “Rejecting a person’s face is a trivial matter, and the responsibility of the company’s brand is great.” Qu Xiaohong, senior technician of welding equipment in the four-company company's structural parts factory, has been the main operator of the welding evaluation of new materials. Together with the technical engineer, he has consulted a lot of domestic and foreign Data, from the joint form, welding wire selection, electromechanical flux selection and other aspects of repeated attempts, and strive to do a good job for each welding procedure qualification test specimens, through nearly 100 tests, successfully completed the new material welding assessment work, dispelling the user's doubts.
On this basis, the company's Materials Technology Research Institute, Quality Control Center and Structure Factory fully communicated. By analyzing the early welding deformation of new materials, reviewing the previous tooling control methods for similar structural components, measuring the possible position and deformation of the processing deformation Quantity, in the form of written submissions, to define the quality control benchmarks, straightness, degree of distortion, weld formation standards for 9000-meter rig components, and design requirements for the derrick and pedestal assembly of the rig.
In order to ensure the assembly quality of the whole machine, the 9000-meter rig base column was first machined in the integral machining mode after the group welding, which changed the processing technology that used many years of first-sheet processing and retooling welding. The precision between the holes of the base column was effectively guaranteed. .
“The design and manufacture of the 9000m rig strictly implements the ISO9001, ISO14000 quality control and environmental control standards, and meets the API, GB, and SY series standards and specifications.” said Lin Junquan, director of the Quality Control Center of the four-machine company.
Putting the needs of users first
In April of this year, after nearly half a year's efforts, the four-machine company's 9,000-meter drill rigs were all ready before the start of the work and entered the full-scale production stage. At this time, they received the user's design rectification requirements.
"Standing from the customer's point of view, combining its own technical advantages with the actual needs of users, and constantly providing the best products and the best services for users" has always been the starting point for the work of the scientific research personnel of the four-machine company. According to the user's requirements, the project R&D team immediately initiated the design rectification plan. Through a month's time, the rig floor layout was re-changed, and the original split-table turntable drive was changed to an integrated turntable drive, which reduced the user's disassembly and installation workload. The convenience of maintenance and maintenance of drilling rigs has been improved; the drilling machine has moved the rat hole forward to better adapt the operation and usage habits of domestic users.
In the third quarter, the 9000-meter drill rig was transferred from the drawing design to manufacturing, 5 users were supervised by the company, and the 4-machine company dispatched the full-time personnel to participate in and cooperate with the user's supervision work, established a smooth information mechanism and early warning mechanism, and responded in a timely manner. Responsibility for the task to the people, to ensure that the project plan node to achieve on schedule.
Put customer needs first, think from the customer's point of view, take the initiative to improve and optimize the equipment, and strive for perfection in every detail. The rigorous and serious work attitude of the four aircraft users has been recognized by the customer, and acceptance inspection will be held on September 27th. At the same time, the expert group unanimously believed that the rig had industrial application conditions and agreed to pass the factory acceptance. The performance indicators of the rig were well received by users.
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Christmas Turkington: 10 years at the top for the four-time BTCC championMonday 17 January 2022
Christmas Turkington: 10 years at the top for the four-time BTCC champion
Colin Turkington claimed a record-equalling fourth Kwik Fit British Touring Car Championship (BTCC) crown at Brands Hatch in October, almost a decade to the day that he first won the UK's biggest car racing championship. The last gasp drama of this year's deciding race surely goes down as one of the series' most heart-stopping moments, and rightly so, but cast your mind back over the last decade and you'll see that the BMW star is one of defining drivers of the modern BTCC.
Prior to 2009 Turkington had already established himself as a BTCC front-runner, largely with the West Surrey Racing (WSR) outfit which now runs the factory BMW team, albeit in MG machinery - including initially under the Team Atomic Kitten banner. Following a brief alliance with the works Vauxhall squad in 2005 Turkington returned to WSR, now branded as Team RAC, the following year ahead of the team's eventual switch to BMW machinery in 2007.
The switch to rear-wheel-drive BMW machinery paid dividends in 2009 when the Northern Irishman sailed to six victories and placed himself as the championship favourite ahead of that year's season finale. And what an extraordinary day that turned out to be.
At Brands Hatch 10 years ago, Turkington led the standing from Vauxhall ace Fabrizio Giovanardi who was in pursuit of a third straight title and Jason Plato who was remarkably right in the hunt after piecing together a last gasp deal to race an RML-prepared Chevrolet Lacetti.
Turkington and Plato in mid-battle in 2009. Plato did the treble, Turkington got the title. Image credit Phatphoto.
Plato won the first race of the day on the full Grand Prix circuit by the smallest margin possible from Tom Chilton as he nosed ahead to win by just 0.015s on the Brabham Straight. With Giovanardi third and Turkington just eighth, it was game on for the championship. Another victory for Plato in race two then set things up for a nail-biting showdown as he shared the podium with his two title rivals, Giovanardi second ahead of Turkington.
The final race of the 2009 season had to be seen to be believed as the main contenders fought though a frenetic reverse grid pack to get to the front. Turkington was the first of the trio to make it to the front after muscling past Matt Neal, Giovanardi's team mate at the time, before Plato fought through to claim an extraordinary treble - only the second in BTCC history. Missing out on the win wasn't a disaster for Turkington though, second place was enough for him to secure a maiden BTCC crown.
Just as Turkington stock was at its highest following his first BTCC title however, his career in the UK's leading car racing championship stalled. Seldom are deals to race based solely on talent and for various reasons Turkington was unable to return to the BTCC in 2010, or indeed until 2013. During the interim he was a race-winner in the World Touring Car Championship and raced in Scandinavia, and he'd lost none of his potency behind the wheel when he returned to spearhead WSR's new BMW 1 Series Programme.
Turkington was a race-winner at just his second race meeting after returning in 2013 and was an outside bet for the title until the final round. A year later he was practically unstoppable. He won eight races in the BMW in 2014 on his way to a title that was in little doubt. Jason Plato and MG took the fight to the final round, but Turkington always had a big enough margin to make it less than a close fight.
Turkington was in red hot form in 2014, on his way to a second title. Image credit Jakob Ebrey
Circumstances conspired once more in the off-season to prevent Turkington from defending his crown with WSR in 2015, but this time he did manage to find a new home on the grid with Team BMR in one of its VW CCs where he lined up alongside Plato. Four wins and fourth in the standings resulted before the team became an official Subaru works entry the following year. After early teething issues for the Subaru Levorg, Turkington was rapid in the second half of the year to come close to an unexpected title.
He returned 'home' in 2017 as BMW returned as a full manufacturer with WSR and he wouldn't have to wait long for a third title as he claimed one the following season with freakishly good consistency above all else. Just one win came in 2018 but frequent second place finishes and a handful of thirds were enough to edge out Tom Ingram and Speedworks Motorsport.
The BMW man celebrates a third crown with WSR in 2018. Image credit Jakob Ebrey
This year Turkington defended his crown with WSR for the first time and armed with the new BMW 3 Series always looked favourite for overall honours. Double victories at Donington Park and Oulton Park were the backbone of an imperious campaign which set him up as the overwhelming favourite heading in to the final rounds.
It would have required a supernatural season finale for there to be any chance of him missing out and that's very nearly what happened as a comfortable lead in the opening race of the day quickly turned into a nightmare as Honda's Dan Cammish defied the odds to win in changing conditions. Things got even worse for Turkington in race two as he dropped right to the back of the pack following contact with Matt Neal as Cammish grabbed third and the championship lead.
As all seemed lost a 'never say die' drive up the order gave Turkington a chance in race three but just a few miles from home Cammish was still set to take the title. That was until he suffered the cruellest of brake failures and allowed Turkington to wrest back the championship lead by just two points. At the head of the road Plato won as Turkington claimed the title, just as was the case 10 years prior.
At 37 years of age, Turkington still has much to offer the BTCC and with it already confirmed that he'll be back on the grid in 2020 with WSR and BMW you can be sure he'll be somewhere near the sharp end.
The BTCC is back at MSV circuits for several rounds in 2020. The season starts at Donington Park on 28-29 March and then moves to the Brands Hatch Indy circuit on 11-12 April. Oulton Park is up next on 13-14 June for an early summer sizzler, before a scorcher at Snetterton on 25-26 July. The season finale will again see the champion crowned at the epic Brands Hatch Grand Prix circuit on 10-11 October. Tickets are on sale now for all rounds.
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Here are some common questions about MMX, .beer and our industry sector.
TLDs &
What is a top-level domain (TLD)?
A top-level domain, or ‘TLD’, is the group of letters that follow the final dot of any domain name. For example, in the domain name example.vip, .vip is the top level domain, while “example” is the second level domain (SLD).
Who operates a TLD?
TLDs are managed by entities called ‘registries’, which are overseen by The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN). MMX has applied to ICANN to act as the registry for many TLDs, and has been granted that right for more than twenty TLDs. A domain name registry is the authoritative source of information for domain names registered in a particular top-level domain. In the case of top-level domains, such as those run by MMX do not work directly with the public, but rather through registrars, who sell domain names and other goods and services directly to customers.
The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) was formed in 1998 as an international not-for-profit public-benefit corporation dedicated to maintaining the security and stability of the Internet. Its responsibilities include coordinating and managing the domain name system (DNS). In 2012, after 7 years of policy development, ICANN began the process of expanding the number of Top-level domains beyond the current offerings. Top Level Design LLC’s application for .wiki has already past initial evaluation, has no contention with other applicants, and is set to sign a registry agreement and go live in the fall of 2013.
What is a registrar?
ICANN originally devised a system that separated out the functions of the registry and the registrar. Essentially, the registry acts as the wholesaler and maintains the official registry database while registrars act as the consumer-facing retail outlets. So, registrars are the entities that sell domain names to registrants. You are likely already familiar with some registrars, such as GoDaddy, which is the world’s largest registrar. Many registrars provide other services such as website builders, hosting, e-mail, search engine optimization (SEO) and search engine marketing (SEM). We provide a full list of registrars that sell MMX TLDs.
What ICANN requirements must be met to become a TLD registry?
Any established public or private organization anywhere in the world could have applied to ICANN to operate a new generic Top-Level Domain (gTLD) registry through the New gTLD Program. The deadline for submitting applications closed in May 2012. To be approved to operate a registry, MMX had to demonstrate that it had the operational, technical and financial capability to run a registry and could comply with additional specific requirements.
Are .casa domains available for sale to anyone?
.casa domains are open to any customer!
How can I buy a .casa domain name?
Our TLDs are available through any of our MMX-accredited registrars.
What is the cost of .casa domains?
Registrars determine their own prices after purchasing them from the registry at a wholesale price. You will find a variety of prices that correspond to different levels and bundles of goods and services. The prices of MMX TLDs will be competitive with other top-level domains.
Please reach out to your registrar for any of the following topics:
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Levan Koguashvili
Levan Koghuashvili (born 1973)
After finishing school, he began studies at the State Institute of Film and Theatre in Tbilisi, but one year later a civil war broke out in Georgia, and he started to work for an independent television broadcaster as a journalist and later as a director. After working in television for two years, he attended the All-Russian State Institute of Cinematography (VGIK) in Moscow, where his teacher was the famous film director Marlen Khutsiev. Following graduation, he worked in Tbilisi as a director for advertising, television and documentaries. In 2002, he entered postgraduate studies at the New York Film School. During his studies there he made several short films and documentaries. In 2008 he returned to Georgia to start filming his first feature film, Street Days.
King Lear (1998), 2 (1999), Betlemi (2000), Rehabilitation (2002), Father and Child (2003), Home (2004), Debt (2005), A Small Theatre in Washington (2005), Women from Georgia (2008), Street Days (2010)
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Senator, Coach, Firefighter; but Most of All a Farmer
June 3, 2016 / OFFA / Comments Off on Senator, Coach, Firefighter; but Most of All a Farmer
BY NAOMI INMAN
Flanking the eastside of the Hood River Valley, and just to the south of Whiskey Creek Road, a fair stretch of Eastside Road winds along miles of winter pear orchards, dotted with vintage farm homes. A modest but dignified, crisp, white, salt-block home has stood as a Thomsen family residence for the better part of a century.
Ask Senator Chuck Thomsen, third generation pear farmer in the Hood River’s fruit valley, why he stayed on the family farm—a farm on which he is still only a tenant—and you’ll hear a thing or two about legacy. “It’s how you treat people, how you treat your kids, how you treat your workers down through the generations that makes it work. It’s about honesty and a good work ethic.” says Chuck. “ The decisions we make about our communities … all of it matters.”
His is a deep devotion to community. To a broad sense of family. And a rich heritage that stretches from the lumber mill and farm his great grandfather built, to the Pine Grove Schoolhouse that Grandpa Vic Thomsen built, and the pear grove that Grandpa Vic happened into while working at the Diamond Fruit Company. “
That’s how this whole family pear farm got started,” Chuck explains. “ My grandpa Vic grew up in this farming and timber community (on Thomsen Road). He worked for Diamond Fruit, the big pear growing cooperative here. The owner really like my grandpa. And when the owner of this farm retired to California he offered him this farm. That barn used to be a packing house, and they picked fruit back then in little wood boxes.”
Grandpa Vic married Daisy, and their only son Robert (Bob) is Chuck’s father. So Bob kept on at the farm and made a wise business decision that stands to this day. He hired the best foreman in the valley, Everett Long, who helped him take the farm from 50 acres to 160 as it stands today. “ When my dad took off for Wyoming and left me with the farm, I basically went to work for Everett Long,” said Chuck.
Farmer Chuck Thomsen talks about the generational farm from the kitchen table—the same tidy blue and white country kitchen where Grandma Daisy raised his dad, Bob, and where he often stomped in as a little boy from the guest house out back that he and his three sisters called home. He sipps a stiff cup of black coffee and leans over to stroke a rather adoring “foster kitten” he’s sending to a new home.
Out the back kitchen window he points to the house where he grew up, the old packing house, the barn, and the pear trees he and his sister would climb into and “just bawl.”
“When I was younger my dad would make us work. He’d wake us up in the middle of the night to light smudge pots. We drove tractors at ages 10 and 12. Sometimes my older sister and I would go and sit in a tree over there and just bawl. Thinning is hard and tedious work and it felt like no fun working in the orchards when all your friends were out playing.”
Chuck doesn’t remember resenting farm work too much. He enjoyed his family home, his three sisters, his grandparents, and his farming community. But it had its moments where it caused him to consider a different future.
When Chuck graduated from Hood River High School in 1975 and headed for Willamette University, he had one goal in mind “Get off the farm!” he says, with a quiet intensity.“ I originally went to Willamette University saying, ‘I’m going to do something else, I’m not going to farm.’ And that gave me incentive to do well in school.”
He graduated with a B.S. in Economics and Political Science at the height of the Carter years and a low in job prospects. So, he came back to Hood River where there was always work to do, meals to be had, and a closeknit community he cherished. “
When I came back my dad asked me, ‘are you going to farm?’ And I answered ‘I don’t know. I’ll give it a year.’ I said that just to get him off my back,” Chuck laughs.“ I was having a good time. There were a lot of friends around here my age. And I thought farming and working at Dad’s Chevy dealership was a fun job, even though it could be hard at times.”
Wouldn’t you know? Chuck’s dad very literally marked his son’s words. On the calendar.
“One year later, to the day, I was laying on the couch watching sports and my dad came in and said, ‘Well, it’s been a year. What’re you going to do?’”
So he answered glibly, “I’ll stay and farm.”
Within two years of that date, Chuck was married to Christy, a bright young schoolteacher he met at a basketball game in Goldendale, WA. And his dad? He was the one with a ticket to get off the farm. Bob Thomsen bought a cattle ranch in Wyoming and left Chuck with “pears for his heirs.”
That was in the early 80s. Thirty years later, the Thomsen family farm is a hard-working pear orchard with 160 acres of trees producing over 7,800 bins of Anjou, Bartlett, and Bosc pears sold on the fresh market. The farm is overseen by now second and third generations of foremen who are incredibly valued for their knowledge and loyalty. His dad still owns the farm. Chuck is still working for his dad. He’s still getting up in the middle of the night lighting smudge pots when the icy spring frosts threaten to kill the opening buds.
It seems Chuck developed the same work ethic.
But what Chuck Thomsen has also cultivated in more than three decades is an unrelenting drive to serve his community and to be an encourager. For most of these 30-plus years, Chuck has been a volunteer firefighter with the Pine Grove Fire Department. For 14 years he coached his daughters’ school and Little League teams. Those are all just starters. Rotary Club president, numerous volunteer roles, and four years of appointment to the Hood River Planning Commission demonstrate just how intensely committed he is to his family, his community, and to working out policies that impact people where they live.
When a vacancy came up on the ballot for Hood River County Commissioner in 1994, he ran for the office and held that position until 2010. “When I ran for that spot and got elected, I never had an opponent after that, never put out a yard sign, never put an ad in the paper, never raised a dime, never did anything. People just knew me and I was a commissioner for 16 years.”
But when Ted Ferrioli approached Chuck to run for the State Senate seat (District 26) in 2009. He was reluctant. Even though he had been County Commissioner for 16 years, he had never actually run a campaign. All he’d ever done is sign-up for the ballot.
“I was however, ready for a new challenge,” Chuck remembers. And he’s quick to add, “I’m real lucky that I have a lot of good people and a foreman to run the farm when I’m gone. If I didn’t have Alfredo, I couldn’t do this job.”
Chuck the candidate had his work cut out for him in a minus-6 Democratic swing district. He agreed to run on one condition: he told Ferrioli, “I’ll run but I’m not going to lose. There’s no way my opponent can outwork me: I’m a farmer. I can get up any time of the morning and go to work.”
For eight months, and at great personal cost, in his words, “When I ran for state senate, I ran! And I ran and I ran.” He knocked on doors six days a week, often literally running between 100 doors a day from March to November. He knocked on 13,000 doors personally, and left thousands of personal handwritten notes on every door that went unanswered. He stayed up ‘til 2:00am writing handwritten thank you notes to every contributor. He took Mondays “off” to do the mounting paperwork and pay the bills and payroll. In a swing district, against a seated State Representative, he won 55% of the vote.
Senator Chuck Thomsen describes himself as a moderate thinker who is always looking for healthy compromise. “I’m willing to listen to everyone and try to find something in the middle that works,” he quips. He was on the budget committee for schools and effective in getting more funding for K-12.
The policies that threaten family farms, and especially generational family farms, still loom large and are cause for concern. Issues like paid sick leave for seasonal workers, inheritance taxes, minimum wage laws, and a legislature that is dominated by Portland-centric legislators—those issues can be killers for family farmers.
“I’ve always said that the best way to save agricultural land is to make sure farmers have a viable business. Don’t overregulate us. Don’t enact policies that hurt farmers. Because farmers work off of supply and demand,” he starts to explain.
One of the most striking things about Chuck Thomsen’s orchard, is his level of personal investment in his workers and his family.
More than 60 people live on the Thomsen farm where they are provided with housing, electricity and water—rent free. Many of these are long time seasonal workers and their families who work three or four months for the Thomsens, yet are free to work up and down the valley on neighboring farms. As Chuck drives me around to the homes and gardens set aside for his employees, he somewhat humbly avers “We have the best crew in the valley, the best foreman. That’s just how we take care of the people that work for us.”
It’s no wonder his current foreman, Alfredo, grew up here and now follows in his immigrant father’s footsteps (who is now retired and living on the property). Even Everett’s widow still lives in a house on the property. “It’s just what we do. We take care of them like family.”
From every perceivable angle, it’s easy to see that Chuck Thomsen is completely in his element. Following his passion for people, for families, for policy that affects people and families. Leading by serving—he’s lived it.
Don’t get me wrong. Chuck is pretty serious about having fun too. No “dull boy” here. His unimposing office is just off the kitchen, shelves are filled to the ceiling with a farm toy collection. I take notice. “Well, we kinda have a 30-year family hobby too,” he mentions. His daughter Meagan chimes in, “You want to see the basement?”
We head down the steep cellar-like stairs where a veritable museum of every year, make, and model of miniature tin tractors, farm equipment, barns, silos, figurines and what-not are carefully arranged. Catalogued on shelves from floor to ceiling around the perimeter of the room.
“Most every year we go as a family to the Iowa Toy Farm Show,” Meagan fondly interjects. I find it to be just one more layer of intrigue on this increasingly fanciful farmer.
Going back to his early memories of working for his dad, and “just bawling” with his sister in the pear trees, Chuck says he always vowed to raise his own kids, daughters Meagan and Mallory, not only to have a good work ethic, but to like farming. He put them to work four hours a day during the summer. They could choose the 8am or noon shift—but in either case they had to be punctual. “I wanted them to learn a work ethic. To learn what it was to be punctual, get up, and be at work on time.”
To this day, Mallory still loves the farming life. Meagan—not so much. She became a nurse. But she still lives on a Measure 37 claim on the family property. Meagan stopped in to see dad, I get to hear her story. She credits their dad for the intentional time he invested in them. Working alongside them in the pear orchards and coaching their ball teams.
“What’s your parting wisdom,” I ask. “Practical tips for keeping farming in the family.”
Suddenly, he’s a bit stumped.
“I don’t know? Do what you think is best and hope a little bit rubs off?” he questions. “You always hope at least one person in the family wants to take over, eventually. Will my daughters want to do it? Maybe. I don’t know. I want them to enjoy it.”
His resolve kicks back in. “You know, family farming is the greatest life! It’s a great way to raise your kids, to raise up a family and teach them a work ethic. To continue generationally isn’t always easy. It’s tough to mix business with family. So in family farming— part of it is staying in business, and part of it is staying a family.”
Christy ThomsenEverett LongFarm ToysHood RiverPine GrovePine Grove SchoolhouseTed Ferrioli
FFA High School Students Serve Thousands of Oregon Families
Jason & Nataly Mattox
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Part of Real World Divorce: web edition | Kindle edition
"Divorce courts in the United States are unique in that they are the only court system where you get financially rewarded for breaching a contract," noted one lawyer. "You make a promise at the altar that you don't want to keep. It is my job to help you get millions of dollars as a result of breaking that promise."
A marriage starts with a simple trip to City Hall to get a license. In some other countries, such as Denmark and Sweden, it can be dissolved with a similar trip to a government official. In the United States, however, the marriage that started with an inexpensive administrative procedure is dissolved with a lawsuit. "Litigation isn't something that is priced for ordinary consumers," one attorney noted. "Which is why smart couples will go to a mediator. Unfortunately the chance is high that at least one spouse will consult an attorney independently and learn about all of the wonderful things that could potentially be obtained via litigation. At that point one spouse is fired up to sue and the other spouse will have no choice but to defend the lawsuit until, typically, the family's assets are exhausted and the case settles."
An Insider's Perspective
Roderic Duncan, a retired California divorce judge, wrote A Judge's Guide to Divorce (2007, Nolo Press). Here are some excerpts:
Divorce courts operate with the same basic rules used by the courts that deal with car accidents, disputes between giant corporations, and criminal charges from petty theft to murder. Unfortunately, the rules do not work well in solving the disputes that arise in the process of ending a marriage.
Unfortunately, the traditional adversary system works very poorly when the issue before the court is the breakup of a family. In such cases, hours spent preparing for trial and parading witnesses on and off the stand could be spent much more productively… any contested divorce is expensive and can be as costly as one spouse wants to make it.
… the present legal system needlessly heightens the negative emotions of the divorcing spouses by purposefully pitting one side against the other. Many more people than you would guess maintain at least some sort of a friendly relationship with a former spouse after a divorce. But that is highly unlikely if the two of you go through a contested trial.
… a contested divorce trial ultimately ends up causing terrible damage to any children…
… on almost every morning of the ten years I sat in divorce court, three hours were allotted to hear the evidence and make orders regarding child custody and support in the 35 cases or so that were scheduled. Some of them would settle … For those that didn't settle, the rules provided up to 20 minutes for hearing each case. But on mornings when there were a large number of cases scheduled, I could only devote ten minutes to many of them.
Given the importance of decisions in divorce cases, you might think that the most talented judges available would be assigned to hear them. You would be wrong. Serving as a divorce judge is usually considered one of the least attractive judicial assignments around.
As noted above by Judge Duncan, though the official divorce process is long and complex, the issues of (1) whether there will be two parents or one parent and a "visitor", (2) if the answer is "just one real parent," which one it will be, and (3) how much the loser parent will pay the winner every month, are typically decided in 10-20 minutes. As you will learn from reading our interviews, in most states a "temporary" decision made at a 10-minute hearing is generally unappealable and, from a practical point of view, permanent. How reliable is the information that a judge receives? Judge Duncan headlines one section "Lies Usually Go Unpunished."
A Litigator's Perspective
Angie Hallier, our Arizona interviewee, is the author of The Wiser Divorce (2014):
the legal process itself is still designed to make divorce a battleground. Existing divorce law in the United States says the only way to end your marriage is for one party to file a lawsuit against the other. … you have to sue the person who has shared your bed, trusted you with life’s deepest secrets, and maybe even made babies with you. Divorce, by law, starts as an adversarial act. File a lawsuit. With that as the starting point, it’s easy to think the only outcome is: you will win, or you will lose.
Our legal system was set up to address wrongs. It deals with criminals. It decides who’s in the wrong when there’s a car wreck, or whether someone is guilty of medical malpractice when healthcare goes awry. When divorce laws were first written, somebody had to be in the wrong before a divorce could be granted. Somebody had to be cheating or abusing or otherwise be some kind of evil scoundrel before the other person — who was presumed to be the innocent victim — could file a lawsuit to be released from their marital hell. So historically divorce, like most other legal proceedings, addressed a wrong. Today, the litigation model of divorce still stands, despite the fact that no-fault divorce is the norm. … for the most part, the legal system, families, communities, and society still tend to treat the act of ending a marriage like something to be won or lost. This adversarial system helps no one in the end.
Nearly all states substantially reward pre-lawsuit planning. This favors the plaintiff because the future defendant may not expect a divorce. Many of the lawyers that we interviewed described being retained by plaintiffs well in advance of filing a divorce lawsuit and providing them with advice regarding how best to position themselves for future litigation.
One of the most frequent and critically important pre-divorce actions is a lack of action: not taking a job. "I tell clients who are planning to sue for alimony and child support that they should absolutely avoid any kind of paid employment," said one attorney. "For every dollar that they might earn during the marriage they could be giving up 10 dollars in alimony and child support. Courts tend to get anchored on a number, either for alimony or child support and whether the number is in a settlement agreement or in a judgment after trial. Even if a mother gets a high-paying job post-divorce, the father will likely have a tough time getting a modification, especially if the case was settled by agreement." Note that the "don't take a job" advice is not just for women. We interviewed a 50-year-old man, between managerial jobs at the time, regarding his first consultation regarding defending a divorce action commenced by his wife. The attorney advised him to start seeing a therapist who would testify at trial that he was clinically depressed and unable to work. This would bolster his bid for permanent alimony from the $220,000-per-year ex-wife.
The second most critical area, though it is primarily useful for women, is setting up to present oneself as an abused spouse in the divorce courts and the parallel domestic violence system. "Allegations of abuse raised after a divorce lawsuit is filed tend to lack credibility," said one attorney, "why is women are well-advised to establish a record starting 6-12 months in advance." What does that look like? "Provoking the husband in arguments, recording those arguments [legal in "one-party recording" states], calling the police to the house, and injuring themselves and photographing the bruises if the husband cannot be provoked into actual physical violence." Women are also advised to begin seeing a therapist and telling the therapist about abuse that they are suffering so that the therapist can later come to court and testify, thus getting around the "he-said, she-said" problem that causes many judges to throw up their hands.
Shuffling assets works for both men and women. One attorney described "an ongoing case where I represent a man who signed a prenup that carves out premarital property and keeps income separate. The wife had two children very quickly. She went into the joint accounts and moved half of the money to her personal account. While feigning continued affection for her husband she persuaded him to sign a deed to sign the $2 million house into joint tenancy. She planned it out beautifully." How well did it work? The plaintiff made millions of dollars from her pre-lawsuit activities and obtained, under the prenup, "a substantial sum for every month they were married."
A Massachusetts man described how his stay-at-home wife managed to transfer money to her boyfriend, a contractor, by paying him for work on the house from joint assets. "She claimed that the payments that she had made to him were for work that he had done on our house and, therefore, were legitimate. I guess that could be true if a new asphalt shingle roof costs $200,000, and a brick firepit costs $150,000. She even claimed the $70,000 Mercedes that she bought for him was a payment -- coincidentally on his birthday. My best estimate is that roughly $1.1 million was embezzled and moved offshore. The boyfriend admitted in deposition that he was withdrawing $10,000 at a time in cash in order to avoid IRS scrutiny. The judge fully acknowledged that the evidence indicated that large amounts of cash from the marital assets were misappropriated." The plaintiff in this case got half of the remaining joint assets, with the judge arguing that the embezzlement took place while she was still married and had legitimate access to the joint account. She also got $60,000 per year in alimony, $60,000 per year in child support through age 23, 100 percent of the two children's actual expenses, 100 percent of college expenses, and $60,000 per year in alimony for 10 years. Her total profit probably amounted to 80 percent of what the husband had earned and would earn.
In states where alimony depends on factors such as the parties' pre-divorce lifestyle, a future plaintiff can increase the profitability of a divorce lawsuit by organizing expensive family vacations and otherwise increasing household expenditures (though attorneys caution that simply buying designer clothes and jewelry for oneself may not be helpful).
In states where child support is profitable and custody is determined by looking at the pre-divorce "status quo", a future plaintiff can increase the chances of winning sole custody, and the child support profits that accompany custody, by voluntarily taking on a greater proportion of child-rearing tasks. This is also helpful if the future plaintiff hopes to be able to move to another state with the children.
What is at stake in a divorce lawsuit? Typically the following:
custody of minor children
child support that goes along with those children and that may, in some states, result in a substantial profit to the parent receiving it
alimony or "maintenance" that may last until the death of one former spouse
The lawsuit typically starts with one spouse hiring an attorney who goes to the courthouse and files a "complaint". After that the person who filed the case is the "plaintiff" and the person who got sued is the "defendant" ("petitioner" and "respondent" in some states). In the United States, women are much more likely to sue for divorce than men. Our data from Middlesex County in Massachusetts indicate that 72 percent of divorce lawsuits in the spring of 2011 were filed by a woman, i.e., that women were 3 times more likely than men to sue their spouse.
Part of the reason that divorce litigation is so intense is what tends to happen at parties' first meetings with attorneys. "A lawsuit never looks better than the day you file it," one litigator told us. By definition the attorney who is interviewing only one spouse at the inception of a lawsuit hasn't heard any of the other side's facts. The result is that each litigant develops an expectation regarding the divorce lawsuit that is an unlikely best-case outcome. For example, a plaintiff mother may be told that she can expect sole custody of the children and $150,000 per year in child support while the defendant father is told to expect 50/50 custody and $75,000 per year in child support. Both attorneys are giving accurate estimates based on what they've heard from their respective potential clients. These irreconcilable expectations quickly turn into feelings of entitlement. People naturally get upset when they aren't getting something to which they feel entitled.
General Tone
"In the old days it was all about insinuating adultery," one lawyer explained, "and now it is all about insinuating domestic violence during every motion hearing, no matter the relevance. It doesn't matter if you can't prove it at trial." How does it actually work? "We use the language of the abuse industry," she continued. "If I'm representing the wife and seeking to impose 20 years of control over the husband via alimony, child support, and custody orders that limit his access to the child, I'll keep talking about how the husband wants to 'control' the wife and that's why we need more orders against him." How does that relate to abuse? "Psychologists in the abuse world are always talking about how men beat up women in order to control them," she responded, "so we talk about how the defendant is trying to control the plaintiff so that the judge subconsciously thinks that domestic violence is imminent. That's why my client needs the house, the kids, and interim family support. Another good theme is that the husband doesn't want to support the children. He's asking to take care of them on a 50/50 basis and my client might have a similar income, but I just start from the presumption that only the mother is a fit parent and now he's stingy because he doesn't want to give her 100 percent of his income." What if she is representing a man? "It doesn't matter what I say because he is going to lose. Just to fill up my portion of the time I will talk about how the wife is already comfortably provided for because she has the marital home, her own income that is probably more than the judge earns, and, at a minimum, guidelines child support. So the theme is the wife's greed and how she's going to spend all of the extra cash on herself, not the kids." Why doesn't that help? "A greedy plaintiff is entitled the same cash as a non-greedy plaintiff and the system considers it a good thing for the wife to spend child support on herself. Happy mom means happy kid."
Temporary or Interim Orders
Litigation in the United States takes a minimum of 1-2 years between the time that a lawsuit is filed and the trial where a decision is made based on evidence (witnesses testifying, authenticated documents, etc.). Thus most of the critical decisions in a divorce case are made via "temporary orders." After the 10-minute hearing that Judge Duncan mentions (above), a judge may order that the children are to live with one parent while the other parent becomes a "visitor." Simultaneously the judge could order that the winner parent will have exclusive use of the marital home. The lawsuit is effectively won at this point, without a single witness having been called to testify or being cross-examined. What attorneys told us was consistent with the research perspective, e.g., from Brinig and Allen (American Law and Economics Review, Vol. 2, p. 137, 2000): "When the wife files [a divorce lawsuit], she is often given temporary custody of the children. Temporary custody, like possession, tends to be 'nine-tenths of the law' and plays a role in the assignment of permanent custody, especially when the divorce does not occur for some time."
What about the fact that in nearly every state the temporary order is not supposed to be taken into account by the judge at trial? "That's the difference between what's on the books and how reality pans out," said a lawyer in Iowa. "If you win a temporary hearing you're pretty much in the catbird seat as far as negotiation is concerned. You've got the house and the kids," said an Arkansas litigator. "An old saying in Massachusetts is that 'nothing is more permanent than a temporary order', " noted an attorney who specializes in divorce appeals. "Judges here almost always give the kids to the mother by temporary order. There is no practical means of appealing that because the appeals court won't touch a case until after the trial. Then two or three years later the trial comes around and perhaps the judge realizes that the initial temporary order was a mistake. The father is actually the better parent. But now the mother wins the custody case at trial by arguing in favor of stability. The kids are still alive and not hospitalized for mental illness so clearly they are doing well. Why uproot them now when they are used to living with their mom?"
There is a substantial divide between states in how these temporary orders and motion hearings are handled. In some jurisdictions, such as Illinois, to win the house and the kids will require a mini-trial with witnesses testifying under oath and lawyers cross-examining those witnesses probing for inconsistencies or outright lies. In others, such as California (see above) or Massachusetts, a judge will effectively decide the family's future in a 15-minute hearing based on "attorney representations", i.e., stuff that the opposing lawyers say to the judge, presumably based on what they've been told by their clients. "Realistically this is where one parent, typically the father, should give up," said one attorney, "due to the court system's bias toward the status quo, even a status quo that was created by the court. The judge has told the father 'The only thing that you're good for is paying the mother's bills but dad has trouble believing that he'll never be anything other than an ATM. In a lot of ways the ghetto dads are smarter than my high-income male clients. Ghetto dads don't expect anything resembling justice from the court system. Ghetto dads try to minimize the financial damage, comply with court orders to pay money, but don't volunteer to serve as unpaid babysitters of a child that the court has deemed to be essentially someone else's." What does it mean to "give up"? "My happiest male clients are the ones who accepted that they weren't parents anymore and moved at least 500 miles away. They accepted that everything they'd worked for was gone and that, going forward, they were going to have to live on 40 percent of their former income. They didn't have to see or interact with the plaintiff who took everything from them. If they wanted to be dads they started over with a second wife or partner." Did they still see their biological children from the first marriage? "Christmas vacations. A few weeks in the summer."
The domestic violence chapter explains how temporary orders can be accelerated and/or won.
After the rash of temporary orders there will be a process of "discovery" that lasts at least six months. Each side has the right to obtain documents, such as email messages and bank statements, from the other. Each side will also be entitled to compel witnesses to appear for depositions in attorney offices. Attorneys want to contact everyone who might conceivably have relevant information or who might appear at trial. If people won't talk to an attorney voluntarily, they need to be deposed and their testimony taken down by a court reporter. "If cases were not in fact simply decided by the personal prejudices of the judge or maybe what she had for breakfast, this would be a critical part of the case," said one attorney, who then softened her answer. "Depositions do limit what a witness can say at trial. If the plaintiff says in a deposition that the father is reasonably nice to the children she can't come to trial and say that he beats them."
Disputes will arise during the discovery process and these may require motions and court appearances to resolve. For example, Parent A asks for all email messages sent by Parent B and Parent B refuses to produce them. If Parent A wants to insist on a right to obtain these email messages then his or her lawyer would have to ask the judge to order that they be produced.
There are "status conferences" at which the parties and their attorneys appear before the judge to explain what progress has been on settling any portions of the case, what issues remain, what witnesses will appear at trial, and how many days of trial are likely to be required.
In a case with a lot of assets or where one party is self-employed, discovery will take longer and can consume hundreds of thousands of dollars in legal fees.
Psychologists, Guardian ad Litems, Custody Evaluators, etc.
Most states, as part of the discovery process, have a process by which a court can appoint one or more people to investigate questions regarding custody and parenting time. Such a person might be called a "Guardian ad Litem" (GAL) or a "custody evaluator" and, at least in some states (e.g., Missouri), a court may appoint both. The job of the GAL is to find facts by interviewing the parents, relatives, friends, teachers, and neighbors, and to report those facts to the judge. The GAL or custody evaluator may also make recommendations for a parenting time plan. One lawyer whom we interviewed pointed out that mental health professionals, such as psychologists, who make these recommendations are not doing so from a foundation of research studies on what actually works out best for children. Her perspective was bolstered by the fact that mental health professionals tend to make recommendations that reflect the laws and conventions of the jurisdiction from which they collect their paychecks. A PhD psychologist in a state where sole custody is conventional, for example, will confidently come to court and talk (for $300 per hour) about how a stable single home is best for a child, with every-other-weekend contact with the other parent. Across a state line, however, a psychologist with a PhD from the same university will confidently speak about how shared custody is best and almost every child deserves to have significant contact with both parents.
Lawyers and judges whom we interviewed were skeptical regarding the value of court-appointed psychologists. Here was a typical litigator's perspective: "They have no reliable research. They have no long-term research. There is no proof that psychology and psychiatric professionals are any better predictors of parenting than lay judges. [divorce psychology/custody/GAL work] is a wildly expensive industry that has grown up based mostly on hocus pocus. 'Best interest of the child' is a legal term, not a psychological term yet we are turning to psychologists to tell the court what is best for a child.
Psychologists who got paid to testify in court spoke confidently of their ability to deliver value. Psychologists who were not being paid to do this work spoke scornfully of their colleagues who were. Linda Nielsen, professor at Wake Forest: ""Anyone who tells you that they've checked their biases at the door is an idiot. Evaluators have their own prejudices." Joyanna Silberg, who has written extensively on child abuse: "Psychologists have sold their souls. I will not do custody evaluations. It is ridiculous to look into which parent is feeding sugared cereals. I will not pretend that I have divine power." What about commonly used psychological tests? "I was head of testing for a hospital. I have no interest in using tests developed to treat very ill people to help somebody get custody." But how can she resist the fees? "Courts give a lot more attention to money than to children. I have no interest in the money-making industry of lawyers and parents fighting with each other over money." But isn't it nominally over what's best for the children? "The economics underlying child support incentivizes so many horrible things that are done to children," responded Dr. Silberg. "It is insane that our law gives parents a financial incentive to fight over custody." (Silberg works for a hospital system in Maryland, a state where child support revenue is potentially unlimited.)
Whatever the value of psychologists in the courtroom, the price tends to be high. Andrea Estes, a reporter with the Boston Globe, found that GALs in Massachusetts regularly ran up $50,000 bills and that, rather than use a court-run system to appoint GALs sequentially, judges tended to appoint friends as GALs. Who pays the $50,000 bills? As with legal fees, the costs generally fall primarily or exclusively on the defendant.
What keeps the GAL/custody evaluation system going? Attorneys told us that custody recommendations make judges' lives easier. By rubber-stamping the recommendation of a GAL or psychologist, whose own investigation was not subject to any of the rules of evidence or cross-examination, a judge can dispose of custody cases quickly and in an appeal-proof manner.
Attorneys, judges, and psychologists all agree that psychologists are big in the world of divorce. But how big is divorce in the world of psychology? We looked around the Boston suburbs for child psychologists or psychiatrists. Out of a sample size of 11, at least 9 were earning money from testifying in divorce lawsuits or serving as Guardians ad Litem. (Research method: type therapist's name into Google along with with the word "divorce" or "forensic" and wait for legal documents or advertisements for expert services to come back.)
The trial itself may take months to schedule due to the fact that courts are busy. In most states there will be a special court system just for divorces. The judges are drawn from the "family law bar" and are hearing cases presented by their former colleagues. Some of the lawyers that we interviewed cited this as an advantage. In their view, cases go faster because divorce litigators-turned-judges are familiar with every aspect of divorce law and every trick that lawyers can use to get an advantage. Others, however, criticized the family court system for cronyism and for its tendency to attract what they said were mediocre judges. ""People have this misconception that judges are smarter than average people," one litigator pointed out. "They are either political appointments or people who weren't successful in law practice. Otherwise why would they want to work for $110,000 per year?" [A Boston litigator told us that working divorce lawyers, by contrast, can easily earn $1 million per year.] Another attorney expressed this more colorfully: "What do you call a divorce lawyer with an IQ of 85? … 'Your honor'." In other states and/or in some rural areas within states, divorce trials are heard by judges who handle a full range of cases, from civil contract disputes to violent crime. This system was praised for its reduced tendency to cronyism and clubbiness (the extent to which one parent may get a big advantage by hiring a litigator with whom the judge is friendly) but criticized because divorce trials will be rescheduled at the last minute if a criminal case needs to go forward. Texas offers the option of a jury in custody cases.
A typical divorce trial will last between 1 and 10 days depending on how many issues are open. Unlike a typical civil or criminal case, the trial days may not be consecutive. In some jurisdictions the issues may be decided piecemeal over a period of months, e.g,. with two days for property division in July and three days for custody in September followed by three days of alimony and child support testimony in November. The attorneys will spend several days preparing for each day of trial. This includes preparing enormous binders of exhibits that are agreed upon as well as those that are contested. The trial itself consists of witnesses undergoing direct or cross-examination.
Will justice prevail as a result of a trial in front of a judge? Attorneys were generally negative regarding the ability of judges to sort out the truth. "People who are crazy and sociopathic are great witnesses," said one attorney with more than 20 years of experience in the courtroom. "They can lie without batting an eye and sound completely credible. That's why con artists thrive. If we were good at assessing credibility none of us would ever get ripped off."
The judge cannot simply make a decision immediately after the trial. She may have made up her mind how she wants to rule, oftentimes even before the trial started according to attorneys interviewed, but she needs to justify that ruling with evidence. She needs to wait for the court reporter to deliver a transcript of everything that was said at trial and then begin organizing evidence heard in a way that supports "findings" that she wants to make. The attorneys involved may submit post-trial briefs where they engage in the same process of finding the most compelling evidence heard at trial to support their sides. If the judge isn't careful to support findings with evidence from exhibits or the trial transcript the case may be overturned by an appeals court.
At least one litigant will probably be unhappy with the result and this can lead to an appeal. In countries following the Civil Law (most of Europe) typically the appeal is heard by a three-judge panel that can re-examine all issues in the case. In countries, such as the United States, following the Common Law, the appeals court will consider only errors of law made by the trial judge, not findings of fact. The most critical issues in divorce are questions of fact, not of law, and therefore the right of appeal is of negligible value for most parents according to nearly all of the attorneys that we interviewed.. Whether the children should live with their mother or father is a question of fact, not of law. Whether the custodial parent should receive $10,000 per year or $100,000 per year in child support is a question of fact, not of law. If the trial judge is sloppy and writes down "Because I think that the plaintiff needs a new Mercedes S-class sedan, I award $100,000 per year in child support" that can be overturned, but it would simply be sent back to the same judge who could then find an alternative basis for awarding $100,000 per year in child support, such as "Because I think the children are entitled to maintain their pre-divorce lifestyle, I award $100,000 per year in child support to the plaintiff." Generally for an appeals court to overturn a ruling that a parent might care about, e.g., custody, child support amount, alimony amount or duration, the appeals court would have to find that a trial judge committed an "abuse of discretion." This is an almost impossible standard to meet because legislatures give divorce judges almost infinite discretion.
Litigation Explained by Attorneys
What makes divorce litigation in the winner-take-all jurisdictions so intense? "The desire by one human being to live off another's labor is the strongest desire that I've ever encountered," said one litigator. "It is tough to collect alimony after short-term marriages and your typical would-be alimony plaintiff doesn't want to invest 15 or 20 years in a marriage. This puts tremendous pressure on the custody and child support portions of a case. Plaintiffs will stop at nothing. They will sign affidavits saying that they were abused, that the defendant abused the children. They will report the defendant as a child molester to social services agencies. Then I have to go into court and lie. I repeat what the plaintiff tells me, but I know that almost everything that I say about the defendant is a lie. If these guys were as violent as I say, they'd show up to a deposition with a gun and shoot me. If these guys were as indifferent to their children as I say, they'd let the kids drown in a swimming pool to get out of the $100,000 per year child support obligation. Everyone in the system knows that my plaintiffs are lying and that I am lying." Why would divorce judges want to reward liars? "If they didn't give money to liars they wouldn't be able to give money to anyone and the system would fall apart."
Lisa McCoy, a Pennsylvania litigator, said that parents obstruct shared parenting and seek sole custody not simply for financial gain: "You also see it where a parent has few friends or is jealous of the child's bond with the other parent. Seeking primary custody is typically done for the parent's gain, not out of concern for the child."
From a more practical standpoint, divorce litigation is more intense than other kinds of civil litigation because, depending on the state, one person can be designated by the judge to pay the legal fees for both sides. "Once my plaintiff gets a hint from the judge that she'll be getting a fee award," said one attorney, "she no longer has any motivation to settle. The lawsuit and trial are going to be free for her and anything she gets in the final judgment is gravy." Another lawyer said "Most civil lawsuits end when each party has spent about as much on legal fees as the amount in dispute. By that point they've both learned their lesson that litigation generally makes sense for lawyers, not for litigants. In divorces, however, since all of the fees are being paid by the defendant there is no reason for the case to end until he runs through his savings, what he can borrow from friends and family, and what he can borrow from the bank."
Several attorneys said that divorce lawsuits go on longer than other kinds of civil litigation because they are really attacks on children but the children aren't formally parties and therefore don't have any representation. "It a mistake to think of divorce lawsuits as being Parent 1 v. Parent 2," was how one lawyer explained the typical situation. "In the cases where anyone has enough money to hire me, the parties who are opposed are the plaintiff parent and the children. None of the children in whose name I have won child support [for a plaintiff] in the last 20 years actually needed any money. Their parents both had ample resources and a willingness to pay for all of the necessities and luxuries of life for their children. They would have been fed, clothed, housed, and schooled regardless of any court order."
Why is it really parent versus children? "You have to start by considering the interests of the children. From their parents they can get love, time, energy, devotion, necessities during childhood, money for college, wealth via inheritance. A divorce won't help the children get any of these things." [See the discussion of "Parental Responses to Child Support Obligations: Causal Evidence from Administrative Data" (Rossin-Slater and Wust; December 8, 2014 American Economics Association Conference) in the Children, Mothers, and Fathers chapter for how even small-by-American-standards child support payments reduce both paternal and maternal investments in the children whom the money was supposed to help.]
At the middle-to-upper-income levels that are required for parents to retain lawyers, whom does a divorce help? "The parent who launches a litigated divorce has a lot to gain. He or she can enjoy the freedom of spending the former spouse's money without having to get the spouse's approval. He or she can spend time with lovers. The plaintiff parent will no longer have to consider the comfort or happiness of the former spouse or any of the in-laws. This gain comes primarily from a loss to the children."
How so? "First, the very process of litigation degrades parental capability in both parents. The plaintiff may be transformed by greed and hatred. The defendant will be beaten down and depressed. Every minute that the parents are with their respective lawyers or in court is a minute that those parents could have spent either (a) with their children, (b) planning an activity for their children, or (c) earning money for their children. Second, the cost of litigation ends up coming straight out of what would have been money for college or an inheritance for the children. A typical plaintiff doesn't mind spending $2 million in family assets on litigation so that she can spend $1 million on clothing, jewelry, trips to Aspen, etc., but that's $3 million out of the children's pocket. The children don't have a lawyer in the courtroom to argue 'Hey, stop spending our $3 million.'" But even if the $2 million in legal fees is a loss, couldn't the children benefit at least from the $1 million transferred to the victorious parent? "An only child rattling around in an 8000-square-foot mansion is not necessarily any happier than a child in a regular house or apartment." Generally the attorneys that we interviewed all reported that their clients got more and more angry with the parent on the other side and with the system the longer that the litigation went on. Even successful plaintiffs weren't necessarily happy, e.g., an Ivy League-educated 38-year-old plaintiff in one of our Massachusetts cases won a $1 million house with all expenses paid for 20 years, $50,000 per year in alimony, $94,000 per year in tax-free child support for 20 years, all of her child's expenses paid for, including a nanny, by the father. Without working, she out-earns her University of Pennsylvania classmates by more than 3:1. How could she be disappointed with that outcome? Her lawyers had told the judge that she was entitled to $235,000 per year in child support.
What about after the divorce? Is the plaintiff parent still taking resources away from his or her own children? "If there is anything left over after paying the lawyers, the children of the first marriage are likely to find that their inheritance is diluted by the children of a second marriage. The parent that is rich enough for the first spouse to sue probably has enough good personal qualities to attract a second spouse. Outside of being a divorce plaintiff, it is tough to make money in American society unless you are responsible, reliable, diligent, well-educated, intelligent, trustworthy, and reasonable. These are all qualities that are likely to attract a second spouse who is interested in having a co-parent for children of his or her own. There is no getting around that fact that a parent with 4 children has less time for each child than a parent with 1 or 2 children. And an inheritance split 4 ways is not as large as an inheritance split 2 ways, especially if most of that inheritance has been spent on litigation."
"The strangest thing about all of this is that even though it is typically Plaintiff Parent v. The Children," said one lawyer, "when I'm in court arguing for a plaintiff I have to pretend that everything my client is seeking is for the benefit of the children. It is not my client who wants a fancy house and a new car, it is the three-year-old who craves these things."
Who pays for all this? Mostly the children. The money that was spent to pay lawyers to argue about the cost of hormone-free eggs at Whole Foods is money that the children aren't going to inherit. But also taxpayers. We collectively pay to keep the courts running so that judges, clerks, court reporters, courtroom security officers, etc. will be available when a plaintiff making more than 10 times the median U.S. personal income (or one with hundreds of millions in wealth) shows up to talk about how he or she can't afford to put food on the table for the part-time kids. As noted in the Citizens and Legislators chapter, the 1.5-year lawsuit that Cameron Kennedy launched to enhance her $350,000 per year income required the taxpayers to pay judges, clerks, and other trial court staff for about two months of full time work.
Real-world time and effort calculation
Below is a diary entry from a Massachusetts defendant. He earned about $300,000 per year and was sued after three years of marriage by a plaintiff who earned about $200,000 per year. The plaintiff opened up with the standard-for-Massachusetts allegations that he was unfit, a child molester, etc., but eventually agreed to primary/secondary parenting in which she would care for the daughter (2 at the time the lawsuit was filed; 4 at the time of the trial) two-thirds of the time. As custody had been settled via agreement, the four-day trial was limited to the question of how profitable the child would be for the plaintiff.
Another way to look at the whole case is how the time, money, and energy spent compares to what the average family invests in a child.
The Daily Mail, in a July 19, 2006 article, reported on a British government study that found that a parent who works full-time spends approximately 19 minutes per day (weekdays only?) "looking after their children." An OECD study from 2011 that included weekends came up with a number closer to one hour per day per parent. My management of litigation defense, gathering of documents, trips to parenting coordinators, emails to [the plaintiff] that had to be carefully considered in light of how they were going to sound when read in court, etc. probably was equivalent to a half-time job over more than two years of litigation. Including the time that I spent trying to persuade [the plaintiff] not to divorce me and/or to mediate, that's 2500 hours. Let's assume that [the plaintiff] also spent 2500 hours. So that is the amount of time that a typical two-career couple would invest in their children over 2500 days (roughly age 0 to 7). Assume that the average family has two children, so that's the parental time that two children would absorb for 7 years.
The USDA estimates the basic cost of child-rearing at about $200,000 per child through age 18. Add in another $100,000 for a four-year degree at a state university and that's $300,000 in total cash outlays. So we spent enough money on legal fees (at least $1.2 million) to rear four children through a bachelor's degree.
[the plaintiff] became essentially a half-time worker at [a government-affiliated financial institution], though she suffered no reduction in salary, but perhaps missed out on valuable promotion opportunities that would have been available to workers who did not leave work to pick up [the child] mid-afternoon (chalked up to litigation posturing, since she hadn't done anything like that during the marriage), to attend depositions (she went to her own depositions, as well as mine and some depos for random other witnesses; perhaps 10 days total), to attend hearings, to attend depo and trial prep, etc. Let's assume that she could have been earning $20,000/year more for the rest of her working life if she had not put the time into litigation, plus $20,000/year more during retirement. That's another roughly $800,000 (40 years times $20k). For myself, I could maybe have billed half of those 2500 hours as a consultant. That's 1250 hours at $350/hour or $437,500. The total then adds up to the cost of rearing four additional children through college.
Without the judgment in hand, it is hard to know what I will be paying [the plaintiff] but it seems guaranteed to exceed the USDA-estimated cost of rearing a child. Let's assume that the number is halfway between [the plaintiff]'s $6000/month personal lifestyle-based proposal and my $2000/month guidelines-based proposal. That's $48,000 per year for 20 years = $1 million. Enough to rear three more kids through college.
The "energy" is hard to measure, but certainly nearly all of the experience of being a divorce lawsuit defendant is negative. Before the lawsuit started I would put my extra energy into doing things to delight [the child] or relatives, e.g., sending [the child]'s first two pairs of shoes off to be bronzed (and then shipped to [the plaintiff]'s sentimental relatives; I don't think that would have been mentioned by [the plaintiff] if there had been a custody trial!), making picture books at shutterfly.com, making a wall calendar for proud grandparents and other relatives, etc. Engaging in those activities would leave me motivated to do more stuff like that. But the stuff that I had to do as a divorce lawsuit defendant, e.g., explain to DCF that I was not sexually molesting [the child], show up to hearings where [the child] and I would inevitably lose, etc, was enervating. The only thing that might be comparable from a parenting point of view is dealing with a troubled teenager. So both [the plaintiff] and I probably already spent the mental and physical energy resources that most parents don't have to tap into until and unless their kids turn into difficult teenagers.
So if someone asked me what it is like to be a divorce lawsuit defendant with one kid in Massachusetts I would say "It is like paying for 11 kids from age 0 through college, putting in the parenting hours for two kids through 2nd grade, and putting in the energy and sleepless nights that would be required to deal with a teenager who was in and out of rehab."
[Seven months after the trial, the plaintiff was rewarded with $1 million in tax-free home equity, $1 million in tax-free child support through age 23, reimbursement of actual child-related expenses such as daycare, $800,000 in life insurance on the defendant (paid for by the defendant), and about half of her legal fees paid.]
How much control do defendants have over the process? From another Massachusetts defendant:
I tried pretty much everything, including buying a house near my kids' school so that I would have a good argument to maintain my parental role. Nothing worked. In the harsh clarity of hindsight, the money that I paid to lawyers might as well have been flushed down a Porta-Potty. The outcome would have been the same regardless of whether I paid a lawyer $1,000 to fill out the paperwork or the actual $500,000 that I paid to have them spend 5 years passing motions back and forth. I seriously doubt that it matters whether you are represented by lawyers, Shetland ponies, or yourself.
Kids' Perceptions
Do children figure out just how much family treasure, time, and effort was entailed in one parent backing out of the marital vows? Yes, according to "The Unexpected Legacy of Divorce: Report of a 25-Year Study" (Wallerstein and Lewis; Psychoanalytic Psychology 21:3 2004):
No child of divorce in our study was invited by both parents, either separately or together, to discuss college plans. … Only 57% of the divorce group achieved their bachelor's degree as compared with 90% in the comparison group. … Unhappy, [those who did attend college] settled for fields of study that were not their first choice, at lower ranked institutions than their parents had attended. It was at this time that one young person, echoing the emotions of many others, commented bitterly, "I paid for my parents' divorce."
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Jennifer started playing recorder when she was six years old. At first, she simply wanted to get out of class early on a Thursday afternoon. But soon she found that she really loved to play, and she has done so ever since.
She studied in Armidale, NSW, Australia with Miggs Coggan, Mike Irik, and Zana Clarke, and then in Bristol UK with Jeanette Hajncl. Jennifer gained her A.Mus.A. performance diploma from the Australian Music Examinations Board in 1990. She has a PhD in Drama from Bristol University, and qualified as an Alexander Technique teacher in 2007.
Jennifer is a member of the European Recorder Teachers’ Association, is a Registered Practitioner with the British Association of Performing Arts Medicine, and is a member of the actors’ union Equity.
Jennifer teaches Alexander Technique privately in Bristol UK, specialising in working with actors and musicians. She is a tutor at Royal Welsh College of Music and Drama on the undergraduate and postgraduate music programmes, and the pre-College acting programme.She also teaches on the BMus Popular Music programme at Leeds Arts University.
Jennifer currently plays recorder with Pink Noise Recorder Quintet, Biber Recorder Duo, and Rosafresca. She can often be found on Twitter as @jenactiv8u, or posting pretty pictures of recorders on Instagram as @recorderjen. She loves cats, reading, running, and baking – not necessarily in that order, and never simultaneously.
Want to ask Jen a question?
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15 October, 2019 30 October, 2019
Reglobalisation in action- Part 1: Rehearsing the concept
Globalisation should not – indeed, must not – be abandoned, but it needs to be rebuilt around a new normative framework of ‘re-embedded post-neoliberalism’
Six months ago, we published a SPERI blog series that set out the case for seeking to build collectively a new and different globalisation to the neoliberal form shaped from the early 1980s onwards. We described this as a process of reglobalisation, of ‘redoing’ globalisation better, and held out the prospect of actually being able to restructure contemporary globalisation around ‘post-neoliberal’ ambitions and values.
We recognised the necessity of moving from theory to practice and concluded our final post by promising another series that would offer examples of reglobalisation in action. To this end, we’ve sought the help of other political economists to write posts that put some flesh on the bones of the concept, each addressing a different policy arena ranging from tax to trade, finance, the environment and migration. In advance of publishing them – which we will do hereafter on a weekly basis – we can happily reveal that that there is, indeed, much that we can realistically do to reform globalisation for the better.
Before this, though, we must again rehearse the intellectual underpinnings of the core concept of reglobalisation. These derive from two premises. The first rejects the idea of a reified globalisation, framed as some sort of external actor bearing down on us all with an overbearing technological inevitability. Instead, it acknowledges the existence of global neoliberals as real people who knowingly drove forward and defended the new behaviours that over time have come to constitute globalisation. In other words, neoliberal globalisation could in theory have been done differently and could therefore be different again in the future. We summed up this point by arguing that structures of political economy do exercise powerful constraining influences on actors, but, as Mark Blyth reminded us some time ago, they ‘do not come with an instruction sheet’.
The second asserts that globalisation, of some sort, is here to stay, whether we like it or not. All political economy now takes place unavoidably on a global stage. As again we argued previously, it is implausible to envisage a full-scale retreat from a world in which so much economic activity and so many of the prospects of economic development are now shaped by the complex linkages formed by global value and production – and even global wealth and poverty – chains. What this means, to be specific, is that the prospect, still held out by some, of there being available to us a return to a pre-globalisation world of autonomous national economies is simply delusionary. Although it is undoubtedly newly fashionable on both right and left, ‘deglobalisation’ is a chimera that avoids the key question of how to offer global citizens substantive solutions to the problems created for them by global neoliberalism.
We can do this best by reshaping globalisation for the future into a different, and more attractive, set of economic, social and political processes. States have acted previously to construct and adjust global orders, and this means that they can do so again. In making this argument in the earlier blog series we built on the insights of other analysts. We noted that, as long ago as 1997, Dani Rodrik famously asked in the title of a book Has Globalization Gone Too Far? We made mention of his subsequent calls for ‘a sane globalization’. We drew attention to Eric Helleiner’s identification of a middle-of-the-road model of global governance which he dubbed ‘cooperative decentralization’. We also highlighted Colin Crouch’s recent call for ‘moderate forces of left and right to stand together for a regulated globalization against xenophobic forces’.
We claimed that these were all invaluable glimpses of what reglobalisation needs to be like (that is, sane, cooperative, decentralised, regulated), but argued that, nevertheless, they did not specify with enough precision the political bargain that necessarily has to underpin such a process if it is to gain ground and take off. To frame this properly, we looked back to look forward and recalled the precise definition of the ‘embedded liberalism’ that John Ruggie defined as the key ingredient restored to the world economy at Bretton Woods in 1944.
As Ruggie saw it, the task at Bretton Woods was to manoeuvre between the extremes of both nationalism and liberalism and craft a ‘compromise’ (Ruggie’s telling but often-forgotten word) that would ‘safeguard and even aid the quest for domestic stability without, at the same time, triggering the mutually destructive external consequences that had plagued the interwar period’. In a key passage he went on to say this of his celebrated ‘embedded liberalism compromise’:
Unlike the economic nationalism of the thirties, it would be multilateral in character; unlike the liberalism of the gold standard and free trade, its multilateralism would be predicated upon domestic interventionism.
This contains the vital clue that opens up the politics of reglobalisation. It shows how we can begin to create a new normative framework within which to reshape globalisation. We chose to describe this as ‘re-embedded post-neoliberalism’, a phrase that obviously needs some unpicking despite its manifest reference back to, and adjustment of, Ruggie’s original, and very well-known, formulation.
So, firstly, what do we mean by the open-ended notion of ‘post-neoliberalism’? Like all critical political economists, we acknowledge the power of path-dependency, but contend nevertheless that we are entering an era beyond the neoliberalism of the recent past, even if we’re not quite there yet and cannot, as such, be sure of its precise ideological shape. Indeed, while some have sought to envision theoretical and practical forms of post-neoliberalism – most notably, as Jean Grugel and Pia Riggirozzi have noted, in Latin America during the so-called ‘Pink Tide’ – these have not been developed or expressed fully, have remained regional rather than becoming global in scope, and have experienced a sustained backlash from reactionary populist forces.
The lesson is clear: if progressives don’t envision an ordered and socially-beneficial form of globalisation to fill this emerging space, reactionaries will quickly chart an illiberal and regressive one, probably around a malign, destructive, authoritarian form of intensified neoliberalism. Indeed, this process of ‘disaster capitalism’ is already underway and is increasingly well understood. From Naomi Klein’s Shock Doctrine to her more recent book This Changes Everything, as well as Saskia Sassen’s striking Expulsions and Mariana Mazzucato’s Value of Everything, it seems that highly unequal battles over resources, land and access to capital or decent jobs (and perhaps even clean oxygen to breathe) in a context of continued hyper-capitalist growth, the rise of digital monopolies and debilitating environmental degradation, will come to define the middle of the 21st Century.
Nonetheless, we also suggest that globalisation as a political project can still only be expressed as a form of liberalism, albeit one that is ‘post-’ (meaning distinct to) neoliberalism. It is, after all, fundamentally grounded in notions of openness and freedom. If the challenges we face as a society – regarding the rules we set about environment, tax, finance, migration and so on in a context characterised by the disorientating upheavals hinted at above – are to be managed in a way that is remotely equitable, this can only happen at the global level according to some kind of post-neoliberal ideological settlement.
However, it is vital to note here that liberalism as an intellectual tradition in political economy has long contained within it a tension between a ‘pure’ and a ‘compensatory’ variant, with each ascendant at different times. Although ‘pure’ neoliberalism crashed and burned in the 2008-9 global financial crisis, the ‘compensatory’ strand – which first emerged in the English ‘new liberalism’ of T.H. Green and L.T. Hobhouse from 1880 to the First World War and was rejuvenated in the writings of John Maynard Keynes – remains available to us when faced with the challenge of rethinking globalisation beyond neoliberalism.
Much could be said to elucidate this body of thought fully, but for now the summary provided by Robert D. McKinlay & Richard Little will suffice: ‘the major divergence of the compensatory from the pure liberal is the contention by the former that the pure liberal devotes insufficient attention to the issue of the equality of the distribution of choice and opportunity’. We suggest that ‘post-neoliberalism’ can most plausibly be built around a renewed ‘compensatory’ liberalism that is both markedly different and substantially ‘dialled down’ from the excesses of the hyper-neoliberal era. This might not sound very ambitious and it’s certainly not utopian. But it has the great merit of being politically realistic, genuinely ‘post-neoliberal’ and of itself still quite radical. As our former Sheffield colleague Anthony Arblaster once put it, what is ‘best about liberalism’ – i.e. a belief in freedom and equality – ‘is too good to be left to the liberals’. Possessed of that concern about the equality of the distribution of choice and opportunity, highly compensatory forms of liberalism effectively constitute meaningful social democracy.
Secondly, what is the significance in this context of the concept of embeddedness and why do we need to attach it to this vision of ‘post-neoliberalism’? The term derives from the economic history of Karl Polanyi, makes a strong appearance in sociology via the work of Mark Granovetter and, as we’ve seen, was picked up in political economy by Ruggie. It refers to the endowment within public agencies of the authority and capacity to manage domestic and international economic affairs actively. As Orfeo Fioretos and Eugénia C. Heldt put it in a recent paper: ‘A highly embedded system is one in which public agencies have the authority to intervene in capital, labor, product and other markets. In highly disembedded systems, by contrast, public agencies lack effective means to structure the behaviour of market participants’.
Such agencies come in many forms, but at the global level we are talking essentially of the ability and willingness of ‘our’ nation-states, acting on behalf of us as their citizens, to respond with a ‘compensatory’ instinct to intervene energetically in economic and social matters in order to enlarge, and equalise to some degree, the range of choice available to their peoples. In this conception of global governance states would once more be permitted to pursue legitimate social purposes and enjoy the necessary national policy spaces to manage their economic development successfully, without fear of retreat into a regressive nationalism. They would in fact be encouraged to work together in a collective, cooperative way, acknowledging the multilateral imperative to ensure the fairest distribution of gains over time.
We’ve done our best to elaborate what is unquestionably a complicated notion! We see ‘re-embedded post-neoliberalism’ as distinctive in its normative ethos, but also flexible and malleable in its practice, providing a framework for different positive futures. The series will now move in subsequent posts to detailed explorations of the limits of the possible in reforming the global political economy in the spirit of reglobalisation.
Matt Bishop
Research Fellow, SPERI & Senior Lecturer in International Politics, University of Sheffield
Professorial Fellow, SPERI, University of Sheffield
Tagged as Globalisation reglobalisation in action
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New country, new name for US citizen 'Enes Kanter Freedom'
(AP Photo/Charles Krupa)
BOSTON (AP) Boston Celtics center Enes Kanter is changing his name to "Enes Kanter Freedom" to celebrate becoming a United States citizen.
Kanter's manager, Hank Fetic, told The Associated Press that Kanter will have his citizenship oath ceremony on Monday afternoon and at the same time will complete his legal name change.
The news was first reported by the Athletic.
Kanter, 29, is a native of Turkey who has been an outspoken critic of President Recep Tayyip Erdogan and the Turkish government. Kanter has said his passport was revoked by his homeland in 2017.
The 2011 first-round draft pick has also taken to social media to support Tibetan independence and criticize Chinese treatment of the Uyghur people. During games, he has worn shoes decorated to say "Free Tibet" and argue for a boycott of the 2022 Beijing Olympics.
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Wednesday 8 December 2021 (other days)
The Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary
Let us celebrate the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary. Let us adore her Son, who is Christ the Lord.
The Feast of the Immaculate Conception
The doctrine of the Immaculate Conception is the doctrine that the Virgin Mary was conceived without original sin, that twist in our nature that makes our will tend not to follow what it knows to be right. It was this grace that enabled Mary to give a true and considered “Yes” to the request, conveyed by the Angel Gabriel, that she should consent to be the mother of the incarnate God.
Because it is so old, this is one of the Marian doctrines that Islam shares with the Catholic Church, though of course the theological details are very different. ‘in a famous Hadith attributed to the Prophet, it is affirmed that: “Every child is touched by the devil as soon as he is born and this contact makes him cry. Excepted are Mary and her Son”. From this Hadith and from verses 35-37 of Sura III, Moslem commentators have deduced and affirmed the principle of Mary’s original purity.’ (Giancarlo Finazzo. L’Osservatore Romano, 13 April 1978). The full text of the article is here.
The doctrine of the Immaculate Conception was almost universally believed over the centuries but was only formally defined as a doctrine of the Church by Pope Pius IX in 1854.
Second Reading: St Anselm (1033 - 1109)
Anselm was born in Aosta, in northern Italy, and became a monk of Bec in Normandy, where he taught theology and devoted himself to the spiritual life. After some years as abbot, he succeeded his master Lanfranc as archbishop of Canterbury. His bitter disputes with the kings of England over the independence of the Church resulted in his twice being exiled. He died at Canterbury on 21 April 1109. He is remembered for his theological learning and writings, and for organising and reforming church life in England.
Ephesians 1:4 ©
Before the world was made, he chose us: he chose us in Christ, to be holy and spotless, and to live through love in his presence.
(Ephesians 1:10-12) ©
It is in Christ that we were claimed as God’s own, under the predetermined plan of the one who guides all things as he decides by his own will; we were chosen for his greater glory.
Christ loved the Church and sacrificed himself for her to make her holy, so that when he took her to himself she would be glorious, with no speck or wrinkle or anything like that, but holy and faultless.
Saint Sebastian, Martyr
Saint Publius
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mountain guide sherpa
This truly alarming statistic illustrates the dangers of being an ethnic Sherpa working on Everest. Cookies help us deliver our services. These two hold the joint record for the most successful climbs of Everest. Pictured: Sherpa guide and porters beside prayer flag (via. Sherpa Tenzing Norgay became the first known summiters of Everest (neither saying who stepped on top first.) About Sherpa Guide our goal is to provide the best guides and take you inside of our traditions for experience beside the local economic boost. His Trekking Guide License number is 2414-145 and Tour Guide License Number is 2273.Pasang Sherpa has collectively 21 years of Experience in Trekking, Hiking and High Mountain Guide as well as Cultural, religious and City guide in Nepal. Sherpa | This New Movie Will Change Everything You Think About Everest, The Sherpa documentary was critically well-received, and got nominated for a 2016 BAFTA. Sherpas also reside in the more westerly Rolwaling Valley and in the Helambu region north of Kathmundu. Send us your pics! He had to pay for all his own medicine and food, despite being injured risking his life to help far more affluent people than himself reach the summit. Loading... Unsubscribe from NOU19 HS05? Some Sherpas think they should get more money for doing such a risky job. Without Sherpas, most climbers would not be able to get up the mountain. They are paid to do things such as prepare the route for foreign climbers to follow, fix ropes in place, and carry the necessary climbing kit up the mountain. British mountaineer Kenton Cool, who's climbed Everest 11 times, explains: "The Sherpas are so important. Information on how to assist the project can be found on this website (http://www.alpineascentsfoundation.org/). For example, Tenzing Norgay is actually Tenzing Norgay Sherpa, but the Sherpa is usually left off. They are regularly exposed to the most dangerous aspects of the mountain; think rockfalls, crevasses, exhaustion, frostbite, and the blood-thickening effects of altitude which can lead to strokes and clots. Check if the Sherpa has made the summit and when so (we asked for and were assigned 2 summit Sherpas once, but it was never made clear that they last summited in 1978 and 1982). It was shot during the 2014 climbing season, which coincided with the Mount Everest ice avalanche that killed 16 Nepalese Sherpas in one day. Take Apa Sherpa and Phurba Tashi Sherpa, for example. Read more… One ongoing controversy involving Everest Sherpas revolves around the measly compensation sums paid out to the families in the event of their death (about $4,600). Sixteen Sherpa from various companies and villages throughout the Khumbu Valley prepared loads on the morning of April, 27th to anchor lines up the 4,000ft Face to protect climbers ascending the mountain. Working ... Everest - Sherpas, The true Heroes of Mount Everest - Duration: 1:34:53. dawa tashi sherpa Highly skilled and experienced mountain guide With extensive training and certification, combined with significant mountain experience including two summits of Sagarmatha (Mt Everest) Dawa Tashi Sherpa is a top-ranked mountain guide and can be depended on to lead all expeditions safely and reliably. For one, they're the local people, so they know the culture, they know the area, they know the people. Advertisement. Many people in the Solu-Khumbu region carry Sherpa as their last name, although it sometimes isn't formally used. The center was founded in … However, when it comes to Sherpas making a name for themselves off the back of Mount Everest…Tenzing Norgay is far from alone. But Sherpa is actually the name of an ethnic group of people who live in the mountains of Nepal, central Asia. In the aftermath of the ice avalanche, the film’s perspective shifts to the emotional outpourings and Sherpa protests that led to the cancellation of that year’s climbing season. Lhakpa slept on the mountain for two nights before some of the team’s Sherpas went to get him. View the profiles of people named Nepal Sherpa Mountain Guide. AP/Alpenglow Expeditions, Adrian Ballinger, The first people to conquer Everest, in 1953 - Edmund Hillary and Sherpa Tenzing Norgay, an avalanche killed 16 Sherpas on Mount Everest. A Sherpa can earn up to £4,800 during the climbing season, which is about 10 times the average wage in Nepal. Not a bad effort, hey? Black Friday 2020: What is it and how is it different this year? In April 2014, an avalanche killed 16 Sherpas on Mount Everest in the mountain's worst ever accident. It’d be boring if we won all the time. Sherpa contains archive footage of Tenzing Norgay and Edmund Hillary, and includes interviews with Tenzing’s children. Cancel Unsubscribe. 'It did feel like there was a rule for one group and one for the other'. Despite external pressures to keep the mountains open, the Sherpas remained steadfast in their commitment not to climb. Contact us for Trekking, Tours and Climbing. Lhakpa suffered a stroke at 27,000 feet, in the year 2000, while climbing as part of a Chinese expedition. Over the years, the Sherpa have developed an unrivalled reputation for elite-level mountaineering. Lhakpa suffered a stroke at 27,000 feet, in the year 2000, while climbing as part of a Chinese expedition. Read our full Privacy Policy as well as Terms & Conditions. Very similar arguments have been made on the subject of Kenya and Ethiopia’s continued success in the long-distance running events. An infamous Sherpa controversy occurred in 2013 when a team of three Europeans (including the late, great, Ueli Steck) were supposedly confronted by about 100 Sherpas. Believe it or not, they’ve both made it to the summit an astonishing 21 times each. Many though, when imagining Everest, will find themselves picturing the Sherpa people and their unbreakable bond with the Himalayan mountains. Released in 2015, Sherpa documentary by Austrian filmmaker Jennifer Peedom. He achieved the feat with New Zealander Sir Edmund Hillary. Considerably more Sherpas have died on Mount Everest than any other group. The word 'Sherpa' is commonly used to describe someone who is a mountain guide or porter working in the Everest area. The film’s main focus initially is Phurba Tashi, a man who’s summited Everest 21 times. The fund’s online mission statement says they provide “…assistance to individuals, families, and communities in undeserved countries adversely impacted by their work for the mountain-based adventure industry.” Details on how to support them can be found on their website (http://www.thejuniperfund.org/). The word 'Sherpa' is commonly used to describe someone who is a mountain guide or porter working in the Everest area. In an Outside Online piece from April 2014, it was calculated that Everest Sherpas have a fatality rate of 4,053 to every 100,000 (roughly 4 in every 100). But Nepal's government earns millions every year from climbing permits, and climbing companies can charge people up to £36,000 to climb Everest. For some, it’s the fact that Everest is the world’s highest mountain. To enjoy the CBBC Newsround website at its best you will need to have JavaScript turned on. The fund hopes that, through education, these students will enhance their communities by sharing their learned knowledge and generating resources in the future. It is a dangerous mission so most climbers rely on help from mountain guides, known as Sherpas. Getty Images). Angrita Sherpa’s exploits have earned him the nickname: “The Snow Leopard.”. Not only is Sherpa the name of an ethnic group and a generic term for a mountain guide, it is also a common last name in the Sherpa group.
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Recruiting Opens for Eighth Year of TOMODACHI MetLife Women’s Leadership Program
Dual Language: Japanese/English
Joint Press Release
Recruiting Opens for
Eighth Year of TOMODACHI MetLife Women’s Leadership Program
Embracing a Virtual Leadership Experience
TOKYO, May 21, 2021 – MetLife Japan and the TOMODACHI Initiative are pleased to announce the start of the application process for the eighth year of the TOMODACHI MetLife Women’s Leadership Program (TMWLP) in Tokyo, Osaka, Sapporo, Fukuoka, and Naha, from May 21, 2021.
TMWLP began in 2013 with the aim of developing the next generation of global female leaders. It provides Japanese female university students with 10 months of leadership development training, including virtual workshops in Japan, a virtual trip to the U.S., and one-on-one mentoring with female professionals, culminating with the Annual Conference.
Given the impact of the global pandemic, this year’s TMWLP is shifting from face-to-face programming to an innovative online leadership experience. The TMWLP will maximize the use of digital technology to reinforce leadership skills and provide opportunities to connect with a wider network of peers and global leaders. The program allows participants to gain first-hand experience that will make them more resilient and adaptable to this new reality that the world is experiencing.
Guided by five core leadership competencies (self-awareness, collaboration, pay-it-forward, global perspective, and resilience), the participants will acquire skills and confidence, and broaden their networks in order to become future leaders. In the program, participants will embark on a journey through which they will discover their own personal style, collaborate with others, and transform themselves to be ready to take on the world.
“At MetLife, we see Diversity, Equity and Inclusion as key to building a more confident and sustainable future. Advancing women in leadership is essential to tackling Japan’s societal issues. We strongly believe that this program will cultivate the future global leaders who will rise above adversity and uncertainty to drive real social change,” said MetLife Japan’s Corporate Affairs Executive Officer, Paul Miles.
U.S.-Japan Council (Japan) Representative Director Suzanne Basalla said, “We are extremely honored to partner with MetLife and to invest in the future female leaders of Japan. Despite the global pandemic, we are committed to this program that empowers female leaders to develop their leadership traits and skills that positively impact their lives and gender inequality. We are proud of their individual journey and are confident they will each continue to make a positive impact on future global challenges.”
By the end of its eighth year, TMWLP will have engaged 738 women (369 university students and 369 mentors) with the goal of creating the leaders of tomorrow as well as collectively advancing women’s empowerment in Japan.
Application Guideline for the TMWLP Class of 2021-2022
Application Period: Friday, May 21 – Monday, June 21, 2021
Recruiting Locations: Tokyo, Osaka, Sapporo, Fukuoka, Naha
Number of Participants and Eligibility: 50 female undergraduate students and mid-career female professionals, respectively
Language Requirement: English
Program Period: September 2021 – June 2022 (tentative)
Program Format: Virtual sessions
Program Overview:
1. Five virtual leadership development training sessions, held for participants in each location city. Mentee-mentor pairs (female student paired with a mid-career professional) developing a personal relationship via one-on-one and group sessions.
2. Virtual U.S. Trip: A weeklong virtual training session to further develop leadership skills, networking, and learning from leaders in a global environment.
3. Annual Conference: A graduation ceremony to close the program and share lessons learned. (either in-person or virtual format)
Apply for the program at: http://usjapantomodachi.org/2021/05/34074/
For more information on the TMWLP, click here
About the TOMODACHI Initiative
The TOMODACHI Initiative is a public-private partnership between the U.S.-Japan Council and the U.S. Embassy in Tokyo, with support from the Government of Japan. Born out of support for Japan’s recovery from the Great East Japan Earthquake, TOMODACHI invests in the next generation of Japanese and American leaders through educational and cultural exchanges, as well as leadership programs. The initiative seeks to foster a “TOMODACHI Generation” of young American and Japanese leaders who are committed to and engaged in strengthening U.S.-Japan relations, appreciate each other’s countries and cultures, and possess the global skills and mindsets needed to contribute to and thrive in a more cooperative, prosperous, and secure world. Visit us at www.tomodachi.org
About MetLife Insurance K.K.
MetLife Japan started operations in 1973 as the first foreign life insurance company in Japan and currently operates as a Japanese corporation and an affiliate of MetLife, Inc., a leading global financial services company that aims to help people become more self-reliant and able to pursue more from life. MetLife Japan provides a broad, innovative range of products through diverse distribution channels to individual and institutional customers. For more information, visit http://www.metlife.co.jp
U.S.-Japan Council (Japan), TOMODACHI Initiative
E-mail: tomodachi@usjapancouncil.org
MetLife Insurance K.K. Corporate Affairs, CSR
E-mail: CSR@metlife.co.jp
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123Holiday.net
History of Valentine's Day
Every February, across the country, candy, flowers, and gifts are exchanged between loved ones, all in the name of St. Valentine. But who is this mysterious saint and why do we celebrate this holiday?
The history of Valentine's Day -- and its patron saint -- is shrouded in mystery. But we do know that February has long been a month of romance. St. Valentine's Day, as we know it today, contains vestiges of both Christian and ancient Roman tradition.
So, who was Saint Valentine and how did he become associated with this ancient rite? Today, the Catholic Church recognizes at least three different saints named Valentine or Valentinus, all of whom were martyred. One legend contends that Valentine was a priest who served during the third century in Rome. When Emperor Claudius II decided that single men made better soldiers than those with wives and families, he outlawed marriage for young men -- his crop of potential soldiers. Valentine, realizing the injustice of the decree, defied Claudius and continued to perform marriages for young lovers in secret. When Valentine's actions were discovered, Claudius ordered that he be put to death. Other stories suggest that Valentine may have been killed for attempting to help Christians escape harsh Roman prisons where they were often beaten and tortured.
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According to one legend, Valentine actually sent the first 'valentine' greeting himself. While in prison, it is believed that Valentine fell in love with a young girl -- who may have been his jailor's daughter -- who visited him during his confinement. Before his death, it is alleged that he wrote her a letter, which he signed 'From your Valentine,' an expression that is still in use today. Although the truth behind the Valentine legends is murky, the stories certainly emphasize his appeal as a sympathetic, heroic, and, most importantly, romantic figure. It's no surprise that by the Middle Ages, Valentine was one of the most popular saints in England and France.
Valentine's Day History
Valentine's Day Poems
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Governor William Winter, Eudora Welty, Leontyne Price, and Elise Winter
When William Winter became governor of Mississippi in 1980, he invited two of Mississippi’s most respected cultural treasures to participate in the inaugural activities. Joining Winter in this photograph are, from left, author Eudora Welty, operatic soprano Leontyne Price, and First Lady Elise Winter.
Welty, born in Jackson in 1909, received every major literary award in America for her fiction. Known as a master of the short story, she also wrote novels, including Losing Battles and The Optimist’s Daughter, for which she received the Pulitzer Prize for Literature in 1973. Her acclaimed memoir, One Writer’s Beginnings, published by Harvard University Press, became the first bestseller in the history of the press. Welty was the first living writer to have her works published by the Library of America, assuring that they will always be in print. They have also been adapted for stage and screen. Also an accomplished photographer, her images of the Great Depression have been published and exhibited widely. Her home in Jackson, where she lived from 1926 until her death in 2001 and wrote every piece she published, is one of the nation’s most intact literary house museums and is a National Historic Landmark, administered by the Mississippi Department of Archives and History.
Price is a native of Laurel and was born in 1927. She began piano lessons at age five and, as a student, accompanied school concerts. In 1944, she enrolled in the College of Educational and Industrial Arts in Ohio to study to become a music teacher. The college president heard her sing and encouraged her to major in voice. After graduation she studied at the Julliard School of Music in New York City on a full scholarship. She made her debut in Dallas as Bess in Gershwin’s Porgy and Bess and toured in the production worldwide, gaining international recognition. Throughout her career, Price played to packed houses and rave reviews. She was particularly lauded for her title role in Verdi’s Aida. She debuted at the Metropolitan Opera as Leonora in Verdi’s Il Trovatore, receiving a 42-minute ovation. She received the Presidential Medal of Freedom and Kennedy Center Honors and has won numerous Grammy Awards for her vocal recordings.
More about: 1946-Present
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You are at:Home»Concerts»1988 – Human Rights Now Tour
1988 – Human Rights Now Tour
By Aurélie M. on 16 October 1988 Concerts
The year 1988 marked the 40th anniversary of the signing of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The aim of the Concerts for Human Rights Foundation World Tour, featuring performances by Tracy Chapman, Bruce Springsteen, Sting, Peter Gabriel and Youssou N’Dour at venues in 19 cities from London to Buenos Aires, was to raise world consciousness of humn rights and of the plight of political prisoners world-wide.
September 1988 – Tracy Chapman © Neal Preston/CORBIS
21 Sep 1988, Los Angeles, California, USA – Tracy Chapman performs during the Los Angeles stop of the “Human Rights Now!” world tour. © Henry Diltz/CORBIS
Tracy Chapman performs at Amnesty International’s Human Rights Now! concert at Stade Houphouet Boigney stadium in Abidjan.
Singers at Amnesty International Concert © Neal Preston/CORBIS
Musicians Sting, Yassou N’Dour, Peter Gabriel, Tracy Chapman, and Bruce Springsteen (from left to right) perform Get Up, Stand Up during the Human Rights Now! concert tour benefiting Amnesty International.
23 Sep 1988, Oakland, California, USA – Tracy Chapman and Bruce Springsteen perform together during the Human Rights Now! concert tour benefiting Amnesty International © Neal Preston/CORBIS
September 1988, Toronto, Ontario, Canada – Bruce Springsteen, Sting, and Tracy Chapman during a press conference before the show at the Maple Leaf Garden during the “Human Rights Now!” world tour for Amnesty International. © Neal Preston/CORBIS
21 Sep 1988, Los Angeles, California, USA -Bono, Tracy Chapman, and Sting at the Los Angeles show of the “Human Rights Now!” World Tour. Bono was a special guest in L.A., Chapman and Sting part of the world tour. © Henry Diltz/CORBIS
21 Sep 1988, Los Angeles, California, USA -The members of the “Human Rights Now!” world tour sing together in a row at the Los Angeles show. From left, special L.A. guest Bono, of U2, Tracy Chapman, Sting, and Bruce Springsteen. © Henry Diltz/CORBIS
The members of the “Human Rights Now!” world tour sing together in a row at the Los Angeles show. From left, Peter Gabriel, Tracy Chapman, Youssou N’Dour, Sting, special L.A. guest Joan Baez, and Bruce Springsteen.
03 Oct 1988, Athens, Greece – Peter Gabriel, Tracy Chapman and Sting © Neal Preston/CORBIS
Bruce Springsteen and Tracy Chapman sing together on the Amnesty International “Human Rights Now!” world tour.
Buenos Aires, Argentina, October 15, 1988 – Tracy Chapman © Neal Preston/CORBIS
2 Sept, Wembley Stadium, London, England
4 Sept, Palais Omnisport Bercy, Paris, France
6 Sept, Népstadion, Budapest, Hungary
8 Sept, Stadio Communale, Turin, Italy
10 Sept, Camp Nou, Barcelona, Spain
13 Sept, Estadio Nacional, San Jose, Costa Rica
15 Sept, Maple Leaf Gardens, Toronto, Canada
17 Sept, Stade Olympique, Montreal, Canada
19 Sept, John F. Kennedy, Philadelphia, PA, USA
21 Sept, Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum, Los Angeles, CA, USA
23 Sept, Oakland Coliseum, Oakland, CA, USA
27 Sept, Tokyo Dome, Tokyo, Japan
30 Sept, Jawaharlai Nehru Stadium, Delhi, India
3 Oct, Olympiako Stadio, Athens, Grece
7 Oct, New National Sports Stadium, Harare, Zimbabwe
9 Oct, Stade Houphouet Boigny, Abidjan, Ivory Coast
12 Oct, Estadio Palmeiras, Sao Paulo, Brazil
14 Oct, Estadio Mundialista de Mendoza, Mendoza, Argentina
15 Oct, Estadio River Plate, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Tracy Chapman, talkin’bout Amnesty and the Human Rights Now Tour: « Like Nelson Mandela, all over the world people are in prison for their political beliefs. I think mostly, people are unaware of that. They don’t think it exists and this is where, maybe this tour is gonna help because they don’t understand really how much simply writing letters and calling people does. Y’know, it really put pressure on government officials to do what they can to let these people out.
They’re not necessarily individuals who have been politically known, they’re just people out there fighting for what they believe in or voicing their opinion and they end up in jail.
There’s lots of ways that an individual can try and help people and the position that I’m right now, I think I can do a lot more by doing these kind of things that I could, maybe, in some other situation. » – From Official Human Rights Now ! Tour book, 1988
« I think that Amnesty International, as an organization, does good work, and one of the reasons I got involved in this tour is because I think it’s important that people be made aware of what Amnesty does, the kinds of concerns that the organization has, and the kinds of things it is accomplishing by making human rights violation known to people throughout the world. »
« As a black American, and an American in general, I have a real interest in the quality of people ‘s lives in the United States, and that’s reflected in my music. As a country, we tend to look outside instead of looking inside when it comes to human rights ; people don’t see the United States in the same way that they see other countries. But we clearly violate people’s human rights in the States. And maybe this tour will have caused some people, particularly in America, to re-examine their own lives and to see in what ways people are suffering and in what ways they made be able to help. »
« I also hope this tour will have encouraged people from all over to get involved. I hope it will have raised people’s consciousness around the world, and maybe it will have put some pressure on governments to make changes for the people. »
« The really wonderful thing about this tour is that as far as communicating to people is concerned, music is universal. Even if you don’t understand the words to a song, you can feel the rhythm of it. You can appropriate the melody. And from those things you can get a sense of the emotions behind a song. »
« This tour was the chance of a lifetime –to have performed in the places we performed in and, on top of that, to have it all mean something too. » – From Human Rights Now ! The Official Book Of The Concerts For Human Rights Foundation World Tour, Text by James Henke. Bloomsbury, 1988. p.24.
LISTEN TO TRACY CHAPMAN’S AT THE FINAL NIGHT OF THE TOUR IN BUENOS AIRES
TRACY CHAPMAN VIDEOS FROM THE BUENOS AIRES CONCERT, October 15, 1988
Human Rights Now Tour in Paris in September 1988 (France 2)
Human Rights Now Tour in New Dehli in September 1988 (France 2)
amnesty international Bruce Springsteen human rights now tour live video Peter Gabriel video Videos Youssou N'Dour
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