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SPRUCE GOOSE:
looking for a home.
Not long after Hughes death in 1976, efforts began to save and display the beautifully preserved flying boat. By 1980 it had been acquired by the California Areo Club and would be featured on the Long Beach, California waterfront. A specially designed building was constructed to house the giant. A popular tourist attraction, it seemed the Spruce Goose would be a permanent fixture at the southern California site beside the famed luxury liner, Queen Mary: Enter the Disney Corporation ......In 1988 they acquired the company holding the lease on the exhibit......Mickey was now the landlord! After two years of what they considered less than exciting financial returns from the Spruce Goose exhibit, Disney decided to lose their financial "turkey". Plans for a theme park at the location were announced.......there was no provision for the old flying boat.......the Spruce Goose had been evicted! Disney was within it's rights, but may have lacked vision giving up this treasure so easily. This announcement brought about a mad scramble to save the one of a kind example of aviation history. There was talk of dismantling it, displaying parts in different sites across the country, this would have been a tragedy.
Dozens of locations across the U.S. were interested in hosting the aircraft but at this point the difficulty of moving something of this size and historic importance had to be considered. This is no small aircraft....if it were a building, it wouldn't be a small building! Now a second move was being forced on the old bird. Those involved in finding a new home for this large, and soon to be homeless artifact had their work cut out for them! The candidates for hosting the H-4 were narrowed to three locations, Oceanside, California Tourism Foundation, a firm in Tampa, Florida and Evergreen International Aviation in McMinville, Oregon. Evergreen was chosen to to make a new permanent home in it's "to be built" Air Venture Museum. A key player in the decision to get the plane moved to the Oregon site was the president of the AirVenture Museum, long time Hughes associate and aviation pioneer Jack Real......The "Goose" would be among loyal friends again, at last!
Evergreen International has grown from it's beginnings in 1960 as a helicopter service operating two Hiller 12E's, to an international firm. It has the world's largest operating fleet of B-747's, operating over 100 rotary wing aircraft, involved in trucking, aircraft sales and leasing, agriculture and recently becoming an air carrier serving the far east and China. Evergreen's founder, Delford Smith, is an avid fan and collector of classic aircraft. Smith has several beautiful examples of classic types that will be displayed in the museum when completed. Among these is one of only three flyable Messerschmitt 109G's in the world! This is an absolutely immaculate restoration, even sporting a rare Daimler Benz powerplant, and is complete down to the 30mm cannon housed behind the spinner. This aircraft and several others currently on display in a hanger at the Evergreen facility in McMinnville, are a must see. After a look around the temporary museum, at the planes on display and the careful attention given them by the museum's many volunteers, we think the old flying boat has landed in exactly the right place.
continue SPRUCE GOOSE
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Home NEWS Agency Sugar industry’s COI report being discussed by Parliamentary Special Select Committee
Sugar industry’s COI report being discussed by Parliamentary Special Select Committee
The report of the Commission of Inquiry (COI) into the sugar industry is currently being discussed by the Special Parliamentary Select Committee on Economic Matters. This was stated by Minister of Agriculture Noel Holder during the Post-Cabinet Media briefing at the Ministry of the Presidency, today.
Dismissing a claim by the People’s Progressive Party’s (PPP’s) General Secretary Clement Rohee, that the report has been “rubbished”, Minister Holder reminded that the report was laid before the National Assembly and copies circulated to both sides of the House.
He said, the report is in the “public domain” and its tabling in Parliament meant that, “The country could come to a consensus”. The fact that the report is with the aforementioned committee, means that the members of the commission could be summoned to provide answers and explanations as to their findings.
The COI into the state of the local sugar industry was initiated weeks after the Coalition Government took office in May 2015. This decision was taken as it sought to ascertain the true nature of the industry’s economic and physical condition.
Meanwhile, Minister Holder said there was consultation with cane farmers prior to the decision to close the Wales sugar estate. He recalled that measures to improve the industry were among issues discussed with farmers at the National Cane Farmers’ Conference held in August of 2015, at the Arthur Chung Convention Center. Minister Holder reminded that the largest group of private farmers originated from the Wales, West Bank Demerara area. It was stated at that event that diversification of the sugar industry was critically needed for its revival and sustenance.
He added that with both Wales and Uitvlugt operating at 50 percent capacity; the decision to move canes to the latter was sound since it had more modern equipment and facilities. He said the goal is to have Uitvlugt operating at 95 percent efficiency and the 3,000 acres owned and cultivated by GuySuCo, at Wales will be left fallowed. “None of the farmers’ canes will be in jeopardy,” he reiterated.
In terms of transporting canes to Utivlugt for processing, the Minister said that using the canals and waterways appear to be the most efficient method of doing so. Since Wales farmers utilise tractors, trucks and trailers to move canes, the new method would be “more convenient”, Minister Holder said.
Nothing is happening to Wales before December 31, 2016, he further added, and a definite plan of action with regards transporting canes and employing some of the factory and administrative staff from Wales at Utivlugt will also be done before year- end.
It was reiterated that the move to close the Wales estate was simply aimed at improving GuySuCo’s efficiency. This quest for effectiveness, he reminded was also done under the previous administration when the decision was taken to close the Diamond and La Bonne Intention (LBI) factories.
Agriculture Minister meets with European Rice Investors -welcomes research for new higher yielding varieties
Wales estate could have been modernised had Skeldon factory not been built for so much – Minister Holder
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All Over Albany
Stuff To Do
Jump to the main section.
Thinking about high-speed rail in New York
posted Mar 5, 2014
A map detailing some of the options on the table. (Don't squint, here's a bigger version.)
High speed rail in this country is one of those things that always seems to be happening just over the horizon. And for the Northeast -- and the Capital Region specifically -- this somewhere-out-there future holds all sorts of potential. Imagine what it would be like to hop a train at Albany-Rensselaer -- the 9th busiest station in the nation -- and be in NYC in a little more than an hour.
The thing is, for all the talk, we never seem to get closer to actually arriving at high speed rail. But that might be changing. Slowly.
The state Department of Transportation is currently working to sort out plans for higher speed rail service through New York. And there was a public information session Tuesday at the NanoCollege about the options, the first of series of sessions around the state.
We stopped by, checked out the presentations, and talked with one of the people involved in the planning. Here's a breakdown of the state's current route toward high-speed rail.
Much easier-to-read charts and maps are above in large format -- click or scroll all the way up.
The current situation
A lot of people ride the train in New York State, especially between Albany and New York. And Penn Station in New York City is one of the world's busiest train stations. But that's only (the geographic) half of the current situation. And understanding that helps shed some light on the high speed plans that are on the table.
"Albany-south and Albany-west are really worlds apart," Bill Lipfert explained to us while we stood next to a giant passenger rail map of the state in a rotunda at the NanoCollege. Lipfert is the rail operations planning lead on High Speed Rail Empire Corridor Program for LTK Engineering Services, which is working with NYSDOT to sort through high speed rail options. "Albany-south, we have a world-class, high-frequency, reliable, getting more reliable with the improvements being made, [service]. Albany-west, we have a very congested corridor because of the freight, getting more congested because of the growth in freight traffic. And, really, the question is what's the best way to have Albany-west be like the same or better service quality as Albany-south."
A big part of the problem is that there are just two tracks -- for both freight and passenger rail -- between Albany and Buffalo (there were four in the past). So passenger trains often end up getting caught in the traffic.
That congestion contributes to the Empire Corridor having an average speed of just 50 miles per hour (and an average max speed of 79 mph). Yep, not high speed.
What's on the table?
There are currently five options for passenger rail on the table. That chart above includes a breakdown, but here's the super-quick summary:
Base - This includes some upgrades already in the works -- like a second track between Albany and Schenectady, along with two new tracks at the Albany-Rensselaer station. But for the most part, it's a status quo option. Top speed 79 mph.
90A - New locomotives and cars, along with 20 other upgrades beyond the base option. Top speed: 90 mph.
90B - Here's where things really start to change. 90B includes the 90A upgrades, plus 300 miles of new passenger train-only track between Albany and Buffalo. Top speed: 90 mph.
110 - The 90A package, plus 325 miles of passenger train-only track. Top speed 110 mph.
125 - The biggest jump -- constructs an entirely new 247-mile passenger rail corridor between Albany and Buffalo. It would create an express line that would stop at Albany, Syracuse, Rochester, and Buffalo. Top speed: 125 mph.
As you can see from the chart, each option increases the project capital costs. There are also escalating environmental impacts -- stuff like noise and land use. And the next chart illustrates the cost comparisons:
Said Lipfert of the options on the table: "Our goal was really to get up into the auto-competitive, auto-superior speeds."
What does this mean for Albany?
Not as much as these options potentially mean for areas to the west of Albany, because to some degree, the line between Albany and New York City is pretty much maxed out. Some of the potential track upgrades should increase on-time reliability. And Lipfert said other upgrades for the line along the Hudson could cut another 15 minutes off the current travel time of 2:20, which is something.
But the major aim of these options is to make the service between Albany and Buffalo more like the service between Albany and NYC.
So, is one of these better than the others?
That's a tricky question, because it depends on what you're willing to trade off. Example: That 125 plan with its express line might sound great, but are you/we/the state/feds willing to spend the money to make it happen -- it's by far the most expensive option.
That said, given the public information, that 110 option looks like it might be the most promising. It's not cheap -- in fact, it's the second most expensive option -- but the ridership projections have it pegged as the option with the lowest annual cost and subsidy per rider.
OK, fine. But where are the really high speed options?
TGV trains in Paris. The train line has top speeds that approach 200 mph. / photo: Wikipedia user Taxiarchos228 (cc)
The 125 mph option is faster, but it's not necessarily what you might consider "high-speed rail." Trains in parts of Europe and Japan have top speeds approaching 200 mph. So, why is that not on the table?
The big reason: cost. Lipfert said that initial options -- for trains traveling 160 mph and 220 mph -- were "wonderfully fast, but completely unaffordable." In this case, "completely unaffordable" is $40 billion in capital costs.
Why so expensive? Because a system operating at those speeds would pretty much require starting from scratch -- new trains, new tracks, new paths for the tracks, everything. And it would involve large scale environmental impacts. Lipfert said an early "highly conceptual" plan for very high-speed rail involved running a new track down the west side of the Hudson River more or less along the path of the Thruway. It would have to be threaded, somehow, through residential areas, forests, wetlands, and farmland.
What's the timeline for all this?
That's hard to say, for a few reasons. One, the planning process isn't finished, yet. It's currently in the "tier 1" step of environmental review. That will result in the selection of a preferred alternative, and then "tier 2" review. That review will include a look at how to finance the plan.
Oh, right, the money. There is not currently a clear plan for where the money would come from for most of these plans. It would be some combination of federal/state/local funding, but that's not mapped out in detail, yet. So, $6 billion -- or whatever the total would be -- is a big hurdle. But it's not necessarily so much money as to make this totally unlikely. (Some perspective: The cost of the planned Tappan Zee Bridge replacement is estimated to be something like $4 billion.)
Another thing: Say one of the options that include lots of construction is selected. Actually building the stuff can take a while because, according to Lipfert, it's not like there are a ton of people just standing around with expertise on how to work on high speed rail construction. They're high tech jobs that involve working outside, often in tough conditions. "Training those people, attracting those people to those jobs is a whole challenge in its own right. You can't just flip a switch and have an army of a thousand to implement this project."
Also: Construction would likely be in phases so as not to totally disrupt current service.
So, all that said, the implementation schedule for these options is probably something like a decade or a decade-and-a-half. If there's the money for them.
Yeah, so that's kind of like a high speed rail buzzkill. Is there reason to optimistic?
An Amtrak high-speed locomotive rendering from 2012.
Sure. Almost all large scale projects take a long time to plan and build. But the process is in motion. And, for the moment at least, the longterm trends -- increasing ridership, shifting public attitudes, rising energy prices -- appear to be pointing to a future with more and better rail service.
"I look at my own daughter, who has a driver's license but doesn't drive, just doesn't like to drive. Doesn't own a car, has no interest in a car. The next generation is much more open to transit and trying different modes and being multi-modal," Lipfert said near the end of our conversation. "I was just on the Caltrains service between San Francisco and San Jose -- they can't buy enough rail cars, they're standing room only. They encourage people to bring bikes, and many people will bike from their apartment to the train, and then bike from the train to their job. It's a great multi-modal experience. And that's really what we're trying to support here -- not only this corridor, but also connections to other modes. So I'm very optimistic about the future."
What can I do about this?
There's a lot of info about the proposed options on the NYSDOT website. And the official comment period for this phase of the state's planning process runs through March 24. If you want to get your word in about this topic, now's a good time to do it.
Albany, Rensselaer, and the Livingston Avenue Bridge
photo: Bennett V. Campbell
One more thing: The Livingston Ave Bridge, which spans the Hudson River from Albany to Rensselaer, will almost certainly end up being part of any sort of large-scale upgrade to the current rail system in the state. It's a critical point in the system, and it's really old.
Martin Daley, from the Livingston Avenue Bridge Coalition, was at the information session Tuesday to bang the drum for including a pedestrian/bike pathway on a new bridge. He's been making this case for a few years now, and it's one of those things that just sort of seems like should be an obvious element of a new bridge. (You know, why shouldn't there be pedestrian and bike access?) But, as Martin highlighted during our conversation, the projects that get attention/funding are often the projects for which people have been speaking up consistently. So, he was there.
The Livingston Avenue Bridge Coalition has a new website about the idea, and it's tracking developments there as they come along.
Earlier on AOA:
+ An updated vision for high-speed rail
+ Albany-NYC: strong potential for high-speed rail?
+ High-speed rail? Maybe not so fast.
+ Schumer on board with walkable, bikeable Livingston Ave Bridge
+ A walkable Livingston Avenue Bridge
+ The Livingston Avenue Bridge
all charts and maps: NYSDOT
tags: Amtrak, featured, high-speed rail, nerding out, New York State, transportation
Maps AND trains?! AOA, I'm in heaven.
... said Jason on Mar 5, 2014 at 3:11 PM | link
This is a money pit with a fanciful cost-benefit analysis.
A viable alternative would be to subsidize an airline for short, regional travel.
... said Bill N on Mar 5, 2014 at 3:25 PM | link
Imagine how much rent and property values would go up if travel to NYC went down to 1 hour. I can't wait to get pushed out of my neighborhood.
... said Anthony on Mar 5, 2014 at 6:16 PM | link
High speed transit connecting the capital region to NYC/Bufflalo reduces our dependence on automobiles (fuel consumption/pollution creation) Not only is this an Eco-friendly solution to upstate transit but it increases the overall value of the area. Demographically speaking, the Capital District is in desperate need of an aesthetic overhaul. It lacks the cultural diversity to attract creative minds and entrepreneurs. Outside the State and 'Tech Valley' job market, there isn't an adequate market which enables young professionals enough flexibility to hone and craft their unique skill-sets. Let us welcome 'immigrants' from other parts of the state with open arms, for they may be the spark we need to revitalize this area and properly reintroduce Albany as a viable progressive option for relocation in the Northeast.
... said Michael Fusco on Mar 6, 2014 at 10:56 AM | link
New York and probably the US in general will never have high speed rail. Why you ask? Just look in the above comments and you can see the irrational, grouchy, anti-infrastructure attitudes we have in the country. We will continue to depend on fossil fuels that will eventually go through the roof in price, and be solely able to travel by car once domestic air travel becomes completely unaffordable. The options laid out in this plan aren't even worth it honestly. If you are not going to start from scratch and put in a real high speed system that goes 180mph+ and shell out the initial investment that goes with it, then you might as well save the money for something else. Hate to be negative, but this is just what I see.
... said John on Mar 6, 2014 at 11:43 AM | link
Once again the Livingston Avenue Bridge Coalition is in your debt because you continue to explore issues at great detail and depth. The High Speed Rail plan is about more than speeds, number of trains, and level of service. What's implemented will have an impact on travel patters, track neighbors, and with luck, the overall discussion about sustainable mass transit.
I found most fascinating portion of the article didn't reference the bridge at all...
'"I look at my own daughter, who has a driver's license but doesn't drive, just doesn't like to drive. Doesn't own a car, has no interest in a car. The next generation is much more open to transit and trying different modes and being multi-modal," Lipfert said near the end of our conversation. "I was just on the Caltrains service between San Francisco and San Jose -- they can't buy enough rail cars, they're standing room only. They encourage people to bring bikes, and many people will bike from their apartment to the train, and then bike from the train to their job. It's a great multi-modal experience. And that's really what we're trying to support here -- not only this corridor, but also connections to other modes. So I'm very optimistic about the future."
Not everyone drives to commute. Not everyone can afford to own a car. Not everyone wants to commute in a car. Bicycle tourism has also exploded. So, not only do trains need to cater to a new market, but stations, too - and might I add the PATHS to the station. Who has ever used the Dunn Memorial bridge to get across the river? It's awful! Not just unsafe, but AWFUL! If Amtrak is true to their word about being multi-modal focused, then they must consider accessibility to their facilities. The Livingston Avenue Bridge is close, accessible, and ties into an existing network. We're going to buy train cars that accommodate bikes, we're going to improve access to transit, and we're going to double down on making rail attractive to a greater population - we need to be cognizant of how facilities like the rail stations are accessible to travelers (commuters and recreationists alike).
... said daleyplanit on Mar 6, 2014 at 11:55 AM | link
Lipfert's quote about multi-modal transportation is wonderful justification for including a bike/pedestrian path on the Livingston Avenue bridge. We want commuters and visitors to our region to be able to easily get from the train station to our urban center. Glad to see Bill Lipfert on the same page as Martin Daley!
... said ErinT on Mar 6, 2014 at 2:48 PM | link
So, this week on AOA we get:
*An awesome overview of HSR with cool maps and tables
*A killer historical view of winter in Albany with the gem about the Albany Sleigh
*Name checked William Kennedy
*A cool thing area folks are doing for the arts
*And delved into salt obscura
Awesome. Keep up the great work AOAers!
The only thing missing? Something about supermarket trends...oh, wait you did that too!
... said AddiesDad on Mar 6, 2014 at 9:19 PM | link
I don't know why we're even using the term "high speed" in regard to almost all the proposals here. Cutting the Albany-NYC travel time from 2 hours 20 to 2 hours 5 is not high speed. It's "a little faster," assuming Amtrak leaves Penn on time. Big assumption. Cutting the time from Albany to Rochester and Niagara Falls almost in half would be high speed, but that's only in one of the proposals. Even that's not the real game-changer: Albany to NYC. Cutting that to an hour would yield the same commute time for New Yorkers who presently come in from Long Island, Jersey and Westchester/Rockland. Imagine what that'd do to our economy, housing and culture if some of them moved up here.
... said Larry S on Mar 8, 2014 at 2:17 PM | link
Maybe I'm not reading these charts correctly, but this high speed plan doesn't seem very high speed at all. They want to spend billions of dollars to trim 15 minutes (at best) off the trip from Albany to NYC? Seems like a huge waste of money, I don't see why they are even pursuing this.
... said Kman518 on Mar 10, 2014 at 2:17 PM | link
Albany to Buffalo is where the improvements in the plan are.
... said Nathanael on Jun 7, 2014 at 2:19 PM | link
This would be great! I could get to Syracuse from Albany in 30 minutes! Then again why would I want to get to Syracuse in the first place! When one travels from Paris to Lyon there is at least something there worth going to! ???elmira ??? Queens bury ??? Latham oh the thought of getting to Newburgh in 5 minutes is too much to think about!
... said BS on Jun 9, 2014 at 10:18 AM | link
Hey Id like a direct train from Albany NY to DC How great that would be if we could take a train between Albany Renselear and DC and or Boston with no connection or transfer at NYP.
... said Rennell on Aug 5, 2016 at 3:53 AM | link
It looks as though money would be spent on recreating what we used to have. As was stated, there used to be four tracks between Buffalo and New York City, now there are only two. There used to be two tracks west of Albany now there is only one. We missed the boat on high speed rail because in the late 60's and early 70''s railroad ripped out much needed infrastructure like multiple tracking so that future generations have to spend an ungodly sum of money to put it back. The government should have stepped in and not allowed the private railroads to rip up so much rail infrastructure that is hard to replace today.
... said Jack Anthony on Aug 10, 2016 at 3:21 PM | link
Hi there. Comments have been closed for this item. Still have something to say? Contact us.
For a decade All Over Albany was a place for interested and interesting people in New York's Capital Region. It was kind of like having a smart, savvy friend who could help you find out what's up. AOA stopped publishing at the end of 2018.
Recently on All Over Albany
When we started AOA a decade ago we had no idea what was going to happen. And it turned out better than we could have... (more)
This all feels like the last day of camp or something. And we're going to miss you all so much. But we'd like to stay... (more)
A few things I think about this place
Working on AOA over the past decade has been a life-changing experience for me and it's shaped the way I think about so many things.... (more)
Albany tightened its rules for shoveling snowy sidewalks last winter -- so how'd that work out?
If winter ever gets its act together and drops more snow on us, there will be sidewalks to shovel. And shortly after that, Albany will... (more)
Tea with Jack McEneny
Last week we were fortunate enough to spend a few minutes with Jack McEneny -- former state Assemblyman, unofficial Albany historian, and genuinely nice guy.... (more)
My three year old son absolutely loving riding the train around Huck Finn's (Hoffman's) Playland this summer.
... said KGB about Drawing: What's something that brought you joy this year?
...has 27 comments, most recently from Ashley
...has 4 comments, most recently from mg
A look inside 2 Judson Street
...has 3 comments, most recently from Diane (Agans) Boyle
Everything changes: Alicia Lea
...has 2 comments, most recently from Chaz Boyark
...has 13 comments, most recently from Katherine
All Over Albany is published by Uptown/Downtown Media
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Trial date set for ousted Egyptian president Morsi
The 62-year-old will be tried for allegedly inciting his supporters to kill at least 10 people in December
Ex-Egyptian President Mohamed Morsi, seen here in 2012, has been held at an unknown location since being removed from office.
Mark Wilson/Getty Images
An Egyptian court has set Nov. 4 as the start date for the trial of ousted President Mohamed Morsi on charges of incitement to murder for the killings of opponents who were rallying outside his palace in one of the deadliest bouts of violence during his year in office.
The state news agency MENA said the Cairo Appeals Court ruled on Wednesday that Morsi and 14 members of the Muslim Brotherhood, including his top aides, will be tried before a criminal court.
The 62-year-old Morsi will be tried for allegedly inciting his supporters to kill at least 10 people, use violence and unlawfully detain and torture anti-Morsi protesters in December when at least 100,000 protesters gathered outside the presidential palace, protesting a decree Morsi issued to protect his decisions from judicial oversight and a highly-disputed draft constitution that was hurriedly adopted by the Islamist-dominated parliament.
The next day, Islamist groups and supporters of Morsi attacked protesters who had camped outside the presidential palace, sparking street battles that left at least 10 dead. The prosecution accuses Morsi of inciting his supporters and aides to murder his opponents by forcefully breaking up the sit-in.
Officials from the Muslim Brotherhood and its political party denied using violence and said their supporters were defending the palace. They accused opponents of starting the battles and forcing away police that had been guarding the area.
Morsi has been held at an unknown location since being removed from office by the military on July 3. He has seen his family just once in that time. EU foreign policy chief Catherine Ashton and an African Union delegation have also visited him.
The trial of Egypt's first freely-elected president is part of a wide crackdown on the Brotherhood that has eviscerated its leadership and much of its crucial mid-level organizers. More than 2,000 jailed Brotherhood members are facing prosecution in multiple cases, with at least half a dozen already referred to trial.
Morsi's supporters and opponents of military rule have demonstrated across the country since. Hundreds of people have died in clashes with security forces.
Al Jazeera and The Associated Press
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DesireeAlliance
Civil, Labor, and Human Rights for All Sex Workers
Tabling/Ads
It is with great sadness and much consideration that Desiree Alliance announces the cancellation of our July 2019 conference Transcending Borders: Immigration, Migration, and Sex Work.
Due to FOSTA/SESTA enactments, our leadership made the decision that we cannot put our organization and our attendees at risk. We hope you understand our grave concerns and continue to resist every law that exists to harm sex workers! Keep fighting!
Cris Sardina, Director – Desiree Alliance
All tracks have a sex work and sex worker focus.
Contact us if you have further questions.
The Desiree Alliance is a national social justice organization that is led by current and former sex workers in coalition with health professionals, social scientists, educators, and their supporting networks focused on building leadership, capacity-building, organizing and constructive activism for sex worker rights. Desiree Alliance organizes conferences to provide leadership and create space for sex workers and supporters to come together to advocate for human, labor and civil rights for all workers in the sex industry.
The Desiree Alliance 2019 conference includes 5 tracks: 1. Academics and Policy; 2. Activism; 3. Arts, Entertainment and Media; 4. Business Development; and 5. Harm Reduction and Outreach.
We also have Advertising Space available in our Conference Program, and Vending Space available at the conference.
Volunteers will be needed during conference week, and in advance. Please consider donating your time for conference organizing and volunteer opportunities.Registration reductions are available for volunteers. You can join the conference organizing group and participate in the process by emailing us: Email volunteer@desireealliance.org to sign up.
The registration process is open now, and will close on July 1, 2016. Standard registration fees will apply to presenters and all presenters need to register for the conference. Based on our limited funding, we are offering some full and partial scholarship funds.
NOTE: Registration is non-refundable. If you are unable to attend, your registration will be applied to our scholarship fund.
We are open to all sex work related proposals, If you would like ideas for presentation proposal topics, please click onto the tracks toward the top of this page.
Contributors may be sex workers and our allies who agree with our mission of decriminalization.
We are eager to receive proposals from sex workers themselves (you do not have to publicly self-identify) people of color, migrants, and all genders.
Desiree Alliance is committed to bring diversity that aims to provide safe spaces for the most marginalized to the least marginalized sex worker, providing education, networking, and alliance-building opportunities regardless of socio-economic status, color, sexuality, sexual identity, culture, class, race, religion, physical or mental capabilities, gender, gender identity, age, size, political beliefs, or immigrant status.
Based on our limited funding capacities, Desiree Alliance provides a number of scholarships to people from groups that have often been marginalized from organizing for sex worker rights. We invite diverse sex workers to apply including people of color, immigrants, gay, lesbian, bisexual or trans-people, differently- abled/disabled people, and others. Please note that we encourage you to find financial sources to help you attend the conference.
Presenters will not receive a discount as we offer affordable conference registration and accommodations
This site contains copyrighted material the use of which has not always been specifically authorized by the copyright owner. We are making such material available in our efforts to advance understanding and knowledge of legal, political, human rights, economic, democracy, and social justice issues, etc. in regards to sex workers. We believe this constitutes a 'fair use' of any such copyrighted material as provided for in section 107 of the US Copyright Law. In accordance with Title 17 U.S.C. Section 107, the material on this site is distributed without profit to those who have expressed a prior interest in receiving the included information for research and educational purposes. For more information go to: http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/17/107.shtml. If you wish to use copyrighted material from this site for purposes of your own that go beyond 'fair use', you must obtain permission from the copyright owner.
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définition - Minimum safe altitude
Minimum safe altitude
It has been suggested that Lowest safe altitude be merged into this article or section. (Discuss)
Minimum safe altitude(MSA) is a concept used in planning and executing aircraft flights. It is an altitude which allows adequate vertical clearance from nearby terrain and manmade obstacles, and allows proper navigational functions.
1 Types of flight
1.1 IFR flights
1.2 VFR flights
Types of flight
IFR flights
There are two restrictions on altitude which are important to IFR flight planning:
Minimum reception altitude, an altitude which must be maintained across a flight segment (i.e. between two navigation radio transmitters) in order to assure reception of the required radio signals at all portions of that segment.
Minimum obstacle clearance altitude, an altitude which provides a predetermined vertical clearance from known obstacles within a predetermined corridor along the specified flight segment.
For a given flight segment, the greater of these two altitudes is the altitude which must be adhered to during that segment.
These altitudes are listed as MSL on IFR planning charts, and are thus the altitudes which would be indicated on the aircraft's barometric altimeter.
VFR flights
Since VFR flights are not necessarily conducted on straight lines between ground-based radio navigation transmitters, the altitude restrictions for IFR flights (above) are not applicable. Instead, a VFR flight can be conducted using pilotage, watching landmarks to determine position and desired direction. In this situation, the minimum reception altitude becomes moot, and the over-riding concern is for obstacle clearance. Pilotage in the United States is usually accomplished with the use of sectional charts, which show the ground with considerable accuracy, both for terrain levels and for man-made objects. The charts are marked with grids, and at the center of each grid square a number shows the elevation (MSL) of the highest obstacle within that grid. Thus a pilot is alerted of how high he must fly while traversing that grid to assure clearance of all possible obstacles. Then it is up to the pilot to select a cruising altitude which will provide the required clearance above those obstacles.
The pilot is required to provide clearance based on several factors, one of which is the amount of human congestion below. If there is little or no human activity below, he may fly at an altitude which provides safety in the event of engine failure (i.e. no specified minimum altitude, but he must be high enough to make a successful landing if the engine fails). If there is a low density of human activity or construction in the area, he must fly 500 feet above it. If there is urban activity below, he must fly 1000 feet above it. If the urban area is "congested", he must fly 2000 feet above it. These requirements are contained in USA FAR Part 91.119, which governs flight activity.
On sectional charts, manmade obstacles less than 300 feet in height may not be shown.
Toutes les traductions de Minimum safe altitude
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My name is Alan Downey, I was born in Germiston in Gauteng in 1973 and my family and I moved to East London in the Eastern Cape when I was 5 years old. We were a family of 4 and my brother and I had a very active childhood growing up in East London. I enjoyed sport while at School and did Swimming, Athletics, Cross Country, Rugby and played Golf, I also enjoyed drawing and painting. After matriculating from Selborne College, I completed my one year military service and the started an apprenticeship in Panel Beating.
During my 3rd year as an apprentice on the 20th of November 1994, I broke my neck in a diving accident, while at the beach with some friends when I dived into a river and hit a sand bank. I was lucky to have some friends with me, who pulled me out the river, as I could not move and my head was submerged under the water. I was sent to Conradie Spinal Unit here in Cape Town for an operation and 5 months rehabilitation and was classified as a c5 quadriplegic which meant that I had had no feeling from the chest down and only limited use of my arms. While in hospital and after returning back to East London, I had a lot of support from family and friends, my parents were amazing and not only looked after me, but also supported and encouraged me in everything I did.
How Did This Accident Change Your Life?
My whole life was turned upside down, I had lost my job and independence and couldn’t take care of myself, so had to rely on my parents for everything. I also could no longer take part in the sports and activities that I loved doing, which had become so important to me.
I sometimes asked myself “Why Me?” or think to myself “What If I Hadn’t Dived Into the River That Day?” or “If Only I Had an Undo Button, Like On My Computer!”
While in hospital, I was told by a friend, “The quicker you accept your disability, the quicker you can get on with your life.” After realizing that I had to accept my situation before I could move on, I started focusing on what I could do, rather than what I could not. I started drawing and painting again which was a great form of therapy, later I got introduced to computers by a good friend who was also in a wheelchair, and I started doing Graphic Design & Printing which led to me eventually getting involved in web design after moving to Cape Town.
Some people are offended when I tell them that “The quicker you accept your disability, the quicker you can get on with your life”, they think that I am telling them to give up, this is not the case. Some persons who can’t walk for example can lead a more fulfilling life than many people who can. My accident and injury pushed me onto a path to a life of different opportunities and experiences, if I had only focused on recovering from my injury, I would have lost out on all the positives that my injury has brought. I had a lot of health problems and negatives since being injured, but when I think back at them, many of them have led to very positive outcomes.
Shortly after my injury while still in East London, my Dad and I got involved with the Association for the Physically Disabled (APD) in East London and were put in charge of getting all the Sports stadiums in East London accessible. In 1997 we organized for a temporary wheelchair accessible stand to be built at Basil Kenyon Stadium in East London, so that we could watch Border play against the British and Irish Lions. About 10 other persons in wheelchairs joined us despite it pouring with rain, it was such a success that they we were eventually able to organize a permanent wheelchair accessible stand to be built. We also got the cricket, athletics and soccer stadiums in East London to become accessible.
In 2002, my Mom Dad and I moved to Cape Town after my Dad had a Stroke. We moved to Cape Town to be closer to my brother and his family and for the extra support. In 2004, I started a business course and in 2005 I completed the course and registered my Graphic Design and Printing Business and later in 2008, also started doing cartoons for a disability magazine called Rolling Inspiration. My cartoons dealt with issues that persons with disabilities faced on a daily basis, including problems with access. Later I also started doing various different caricatures on consignment.
In 2010 I started developing websites with a friend Shane Smith who had introduced me to computers and in 2015 I started researching and developing a website and free information service for persons with disabilities called “Disability Info South Africa” www.disabilityinfosa.co.za. In 2017 I officially launched ”Disability info South Africa” (DISA).
How Does “Disability Info South Africa” Assist People?
”Disability info South Africa” (DISA) was developed as a “Free Information Service” for “Persons With Disabilities” in South Africa, who are looking for information that can help them. We provide a “One Stop Information Service “ which supplies information for and about the 4 main Disability groups in South Africa, which include Persons with: Mobility Impairments; Hearing Impairments; Visual Impairments & Intellectual Impairments.
By providing all this information in one place & linking all the service providers together, we hope to make the lives of persons with disabilities that much easier and encourage more companies who make a business from supplying products & services to persons with disabilities, to advertise with us and to contribute to providing this service, to make a better South Africa for everyone.
Why Did You Develop “Disability Info South Africa”
I believe that access to: Equipment, Information, Services, Education, Buildings, Transport, Health Care, and Sports & Activities is a basic human right and is essential to create an inclusive South Africa, where no person is excluded or discriminated against & everyone is aware of their rights & what services, organizations & products are available to assist them.
At the end of November 2019, I will have been in a wheelchair for 25 years and next year in 2020, I will have been working on this project for 5 years. The experience that I have gained from this and the people that I have met have all contributed in different ways to my life and made it better and have assisted me to be able to run this website and free service that I provide. I would not be where I am today without the support of my parents who have always been there to support and encourage me and many friends and other family who have assisted me along the way. The longer that I work on this project, the more I learn and realize how much it is needed and how lucky I am to have the support of my family and friends.
What Are Your Plans For The Future?
Earlier this year I met Igor Rix, who is an Access Consultant & has a daughter who is a Paraplegic and uses a scooter. Igor is passionate about creating an Accessible South Africa for his daughter and all persons with disabilities. He has reminded me that not only is access to information important, but also access to all aspects of life in South Africa, which is why we have been working on a new project for the last couple of months called “Yes To Access” which we are planning to launch at the end of November, beginning of December during Disability Rights Awareness Month (DRAM).
“Yes To Access” is one of our services that we will provide through Disability Info South Africa. Through “Yes To Access”, we hope to inform all persons with disabilities of their rights and to supply a platform for them to be able to lay a complaint, which we will then follow up on to make sure that it is dealt with and the companies who are Non-Compliant become accessible and compliant, therefore creating an accessible South Africa free of barriers. We are also in the process of registering an NGO, in the hope that we can get funding to grow this service to assist more people. You can visit “Disability Info South Africa” to find out more: www.disabilityinfosa.co.za
What Do You Need As A Website?
Companies can assist us & support “Persons with Disability” in South Africa, by “Advertising with us”, they will then receive a “certificate of membership” which indicates the level of their advertising that they have purchased. The purchase of this advert will also assist us to promote your company, club or organization on our website and facebook pages and develop this service further. We believe in supporting companies who support us, we often get enquiries from clients who contact us for different products or services, and so recommend them to members who have advertised with us.
How Can The Readers Get In Touch With You?
You can contact me via email at: adowney@telkomsa.net or info@disabilityinfosa.co.za or phone me on: Tel: 021 761 4831 or cell: 084 504 9176 or visit our Disability Info South Africa Facebook Page: https://www.facebook.com/infodisabilitysouthafrica/?_rdc=1&_rdr
What Do You Do When Not Working On “Disability Info South Africa”?
I enjoy listening to Music, watching Movies and Sport and spending time with family and friends.
Do You Have Any Last Words?
Even though my disability has been difficult for both myself and my family and I sometimes feel that I have missed out, I have been very lucky in my life to have had the assistance and support of many people, especially my Mom. The path that my accident put me on assisted me in meeting and reconnecting to amazing people, who have taught me a lot and been very supportive caring and generous. I am also thankful to have found something I enjoy doing that makes a difference to other people’s lives.
If I can continue to make a difference in the lives of other persons with disabilities and their families, I believe that I have made a success of my life. People with disabilities have a lot to give to the world, if everyone treated others the way they would want be treated; you would be amazed how we could change the world.
No more discrimination
No more crime
No more poverty
Thanks to my family and old and new friends who have stuck with me through good times and bad, as well as those carers that have assisted me over the years.
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I Was The Voice For Frustrated Straight Girls, Then I Came Out As A Lesbian
September 14, 2018 Alison Hinman
Everyone just assumed I had a new gal pal.
As soon as I stepped through the doors of my high school, I got a boyfriend. He wasn’t just any boyfriend; he was a hot, popular football player. We immediately became the “it” couple. We walked through the hallways holding hands, and everyone knew who we were. Even teachers knew about us. I felt the new eyes of a majority of the student body trying to figure out who I was and why I was so special. After we broke up almost two years later, I was referred to as “#77’s ex-girlfriend.”
It wasn’t until college that people knew me for who I was. I did stand-up comedy on and around my campus, and a majority of my jokes were centered around my woes about dating men-—which, of course, were wildly unsuccessful tales. Soon, I had an audience that expected these jokes out of me. Drunk girls would come up to me in the bathrooms of bars and quote my jokes back to me. One group even asked to take a picture with me. This was literally everything I ever wanted. For random people to love me and what I had to say, even if it was just on the small scale of my college campus.
This ended up getting me a job as a writer at one of the most popular blogs for college women at the time. My followers on Twitter and Instagram became proportionately more people who knew me from the internet than people who knew me in real life. This was during the height of Facebook article sharing, so my words were plastered on walls across America (and even some parts of Canada).
“This is so me.”
“Literally me.”
“So relatable.”
“I feel like I wrote this.”
I became a voice for the Frustrated Single Straight Girl. I was known for dating guys above other side projects like having passions, opinions, and a personality. As far as everyone in my life knew, I was a big fat goose egg on the Kinsey Scale. As it turns out, though, that wasn’t true.
A post shared by Ali Hinman (@ali_hin) on Jun 13, 2016 at 10:55am PDT
Then I did what every frustrated straight girl should do: I kissed a girl. And I liked it. I really liked it. Like, felt-like-I-was-alive-for-the-first-time liked it. I felt relieved to have found the answer for my constant unhappiness but simultaneously felt as if everything I had built up was about to crumble around me. I knew my friends and family would be there for me, but I had a platform that I was about to take a sledgehammer to. I felt like I had, in a small way, become the voice for a group of women whom I didn’t want to let down.
When I decided to come out online, I did it in a strategically low-key way. I started with pseudo-gay retweets that gently hinted that I relate to them instead of just support them. Then, my own vague tweets that followed my dating journey, without being quite specific about who it was that I was so excited about. I wasn’t just gay; I had a girlfriend! A girlfriend I wanted to show off to the world because I never felt a prouder feeling than being able to stand next to her and call her mine. I was dying to have everyone know, without a shadow of a doubt, that I was a lesbian with a lesbian girlfriend.
Everyone just assumed I had a new gal pal. (Some still do.) If someone followed the lesbian breadcrumbs I was leaving for months, they might have been able to figure it out. Maybe they would have wondered why I was spending so much time with this new girl and why we stood so close to each other in pictures. Maybe they would have noticed that I was no longer complaining about men. Maybe they would have considered something I never had, which was that I was actually flaming.
One day I got brave and posted a picture of us kissing in front of a mural that says, “I love you so much.” That pretty much sealed the deal.
not gonna not post this one
A post shared by Ali Hinman (@ali_hin) on Mar 7, 2018 at 8:40am PST
I was so excited to finally reveal myself, but again, I was terrified. I anxiously spiraled about the possibility of my photo being screenshot. Whether or not it was happening, I could feel it being sent in group chats and picked apart. I could feel my head spinning and heart racing and world changing. I could feel my every word being questioned by others, and by myself. What was true and what wasn’t?
I was not faced with the inundation of questions that I was expecting. I wasn’t even burned at the stake. But this was worse. I wanted people to ask—after all, I had built a writing career on others caring about my love life. Instead, they were left wondering, and so was I. Had I just ruined everything for myself? It’s as if the new identity that I was presenting was either not worth addressing, or they were so uncomfortable that they didn’t want to address it.
Suddenly, I felt not relatable anymore. I craved that validation and attention I got from being a funny frustrated straight girl. By this time, I was in grad school. I would make gay jokes to my friends who already knew, and I could see ears perk up around the room at this new and foreign culture. I tried to add to conversations about classmates’ boyfriends, but it wasn’t the same. Yes, I was in a relationship, but the dynamic was different enough that I felt a disconnect. I was the only lesbian in my program, the only lesbian in my current friend group, the only lesbian in my girlfriend’s friend group, aside from her. The only friends I had that were also queer lived hundreds of miles away from me. While it was nice to have them just a text away, being the token lez had isolated me from everyone I had become close with.
Not only could I not relate to conversations, I couldn’t relate to things as simple as memes. This whole “men making me miserable” internet trope that I used to literally make money off of was now an alien concept. I thought to myself: Why do these girls put themselves through that? Why did I put myself through that? I reminded myself that that was the life that made me miserable, yet it wasn’t enough to make me feel like I had destroyed everything I had worked for. I started writing articles without using any pronouns so they could appeal to any audience, but they still felt inauthentic to me. I sprinkled in details of my girlfriend, almost hoping that they would be skimmed over so as not to detract from the entire piece. I even wrote a column about the frustration of straight women assuming I had a crush on them, but looking back, reading the details I had added when I was identifying as bisexual reminded me how desperately I held on to any shred of normalcy. If I still liked men, then maybe I wasn’t a total alien. I wanted to be true to myself, but I had dedicated my life to an audience that I was afraid I was going to lose.
I may have felt like I was losing an audience, and maybe I had, but I was gaining a new one. I decided that I shouldn’t focus on trying to get people to like me by “toning down” a huge part of me. Instead, I should start trying to build a connection with the people who would celebrate and encourage who I am. It became a reciprocating relationship; the more openly lesbian content I posted, the more queer and questioning girls reached out to me to tell me how important it was to them to see representation on social media. And the more that girls reached out to me, the more I posted. Not only that, even straight girls reached out to me saying that seeing my relationship showed them what they were missing in theirs. I was no longer the voice of the Frustrated Single Straight Girl, that’s for certain, but that didn’t mean I couldn’t be a voice for anyone.
I want to find the balance between showing the unique beauty in lesbian relationships while also putting them in the same context of straight relationships. When I post a picture kissing my girlfriend in a field of sunflowers with the sun rays lighting our faces, I want it to be fawned over (obviously), but I don’t want it to be viscerally shocking. Just shocking how the world could bring together two incredible people, regardless of gender.
literally the easiest maze
A post shared by Ali Hinman (@ali_hin) on Sep 3, 2018 at 6:45pm PDT
Being unapologetically myself and openly writing about things like my girlfriend felt natural yet freeing, and I am so grateful to be given a place in a new community that I was afraid wouldn’t accept me.
In my head, I was associating “unrelatable” with “alone.” But if I have learned one thing from all of this, it’s that there is always someone out there who has the same feelings as you. The same struggles. The same wishes. The same jokes that help them cope with reality. It seems so obvious to me now. Why was I still trying to relate to people that I didn’t feel like I could? I had miraculously broken out of the trance that had told me I needed to keep dating men, but I was still hypnotized by the notion that if I wanted to stay relevant, I had to keep the gay shit to myself. I was so accustomed to the Straight World that I’d been living in, I literally had no idea that there was such a tight-knit community of women like me who were even more fun, interesting and empathetic than anyone I had ever met.
I had adjusted my dating life, but I needed to adjust the rest of my life.
I’m proud of my old title. I’m proud of what I have written and what I have been and continue to be recognized for. But I am especially proud of who am now and what I will write—because it’s so authentically me.
baby dykebaby dykescoming outcoming out culturecoming out daycoming out lgbtqcoming out storyearth to baby dykelesbian comedianlesbian coming outlesbian girlfriendslesbian identitylgbtq coming outpersonal essay
Advice for Lesbian, Bi and Queer Women
I Thought I Had Dealt With My Shame Once I Came Out. Then I Went Sober.
In The Land Of Exiles: Finding Community In New Orleans’ Oldest Gay Bar
January 11, 2022 Robin Kish
December 22, 2021 Laura Herndon
December 21, 2021 Olivia Typaldos
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Dealing with Allergies the Natural Way
Why It's Worthwhile To Choose An Indigenous Mental Health Professional
If you're an indigenous person who requires the help of a mental health professional, a good starting point is to confer with your family doctor. He or she can refer you to someone, but you may wish to ask if the doctor can find a mental health professional in the area who is also indigenous. There's little doubt that a non-indigenous practitioner could be an asset to you, but the idea of finding someone who has a similar background to you may be highly appealing. Here are some reasons that it's worthwhile to choose an indigenous mental health professional.
A Shared Heritage
Members of the indigenous community often have a significant respect for their heritage, and it may impact a lot of the decisions that you make. It's ideal if you can work with a mental health practitioner who is also indigenous, as you'll immediately have a shared bond that can make you feel an affinity for one another. Mental health counseling sessions work best when the patient is able to open up in an honest manner, and it's possible that you find more ease of being open and honest when your practitioner shares the same heritage as you.
Awareness Of Issues
Unfortunately, members of the indigenous community often face a variety of issues — including many that may be a part of your mental health struggles. Poverty, racism, and substance abuse are issues that many indigenous people need to overcome generation after generation, and you may feel as though an indigenous mental health professional has a better awareness of these issues and the role that they play in your peoples' lives than someone who has a different background. It's even possible that the mental health professional has had to overcome one or more of these issues himself or herself, which can help him or her to better relate to you.
More Feelings Of Trust
It's possible that you lack trust for people from other cultures. Even if you want to trust others equally, your upbringing may have taught you that people from other cultures are out to cause harm to those who are indigenous. If you were to meet with a mental health professional who belongs to a culture that you do not inherently trust, your sessions may not go smoothly. Conversely, when you sit across from an indigenous mental health practitioner, you'll likely feel a higher degree of trust.
For more information, contact a counselor in your area.
I'm usually the biggest fan of modern medicine, but sometimes even all the doctors in the world can't find the right treatment for you. I struggled for years to find an allergy treatment that didn't leave me feeling worse than my symptoms. Even immunotherapy had only a minor effect on my watering eyes, painful sinuses, and constant congestion. Turning to natural remedies, including herbal supplements and a healthier diet, had such an amazing effect on how I was suffering during the spring and fall that I knew I had to go online and spread the news about what I had discovered.
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Copyright © 2022 · Dealing with Allergies the Natural Way
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History of County Formations in Maryland 1637-1997
(See below for:
County Abbreviations,
Discontinued Maryland Counties, and
Destroyed Court Houses.)
(These maps are best viewed at 1024 x 768 dpi.)
(Interactive Maps)
Go to Year:
Intro • 1637 • 1642 • 1650 • 1654 • 1658 • 1662 • 1666 • 1669 • 1671 • 1672 • 1673 • 1674 • 1685 • 1695 • 1696 • 1698 • 1706 • 1707 • 1727 • 1742 • 1748 • 1750 • 1760 • 1773 • 1774 • 1776 • 1789 • 1791 • 1824 • 1837 • 1851 • 1867 • 1872 • 1880 • 1888 • 1918 • 1997 •
Maryland County Abbreviations
(There are 24 counties.)
AA =Anne Arundel
Al =Allegeny
Ba =Baltimore
BC =Baltimore City
Cal=Calvert
Ce =Cecil
Cha=Charles
Cln=Caroline
Crl=Carroll
Do =Dorchester
Fr =Frederick
Ga =Garrett
Ha =Harford
Ho =Howard
Ke =Kent
Mo =Montgomery
PG =Prince George's
QA =Queen Anne's
SM =St. Mary's
So =Somerset
Ta =Talbot
Wa =Washington
Wi =Wicomico
Wo =Worcester
Maryland Discontinued Counties
Charles: Formed in 1650 from part of Saint Mary's County.
Abolished in 1654.
Referred to as Old Charles County.
Durham: Formed in 1669 from part of Somerset County and non-organized territory.
Abolished in 1672 and incorporated into Worcester County.
Worcester: Formed in 1672 from part of Durham County and non-organized territory.
Lost in 1685 when Delaware Colony was established.
Maryland Destroyed Courthouses
Allegany - 1893 - (fire) - Marriage Records for 1791-1847 were lost, as were Naturalization Records for 1892-1893.
Anne Arundel - 1704 - (fire) - All but three Court Record volumes were lost. Deeds before 1699 were lost, but there are five volumes of re-recorded deeds.
Calvert - 1882 - (fire) - Most Court Records were lost, but some deeds dating back to 1840 were re-recorded. Abstracts of Deeds sent to Annapolis, beginning in 1784, and Provincial Court Deeds/Land Office Records, also make up for some up for some of the destroyed records.
Carroll - Most early papers of the County Court have been lost.
Cecil - Many early Court Records have disappeared.
Dorchester - 1852 - (fire) - Some Court Records were lost; there are many gaps in all types of records because of the fire and because of other reasons.
Frederick - (fire) - There have been two major fires, but no major loss of records.
Harford - 1858 - (fire) - Some records were destroyed.
Howard - The county was formed in 1838 as Howard District of Anne Arundel Co., but did not gain full county status until 1850.
Kent - 1720 (fire) - Some records were destroyed.
Montgomery - A southern section of the county was set off in 1788 to form the District of Columbus.
Saint Mary's - 1831 (fire) - The Courthouse was destroyed by fire in 1831. Some deeds were re-recorded back to 1781, and abstracts of deeds sent to Annapolis, beginning in 1784, also make up for some of the records that were destroyed.
Somerset - 1831 - (fire) - The Courthouse burned to the ground, but all records were saved.
Talbot - Many records have been lost due to unknown causes.
Washington - 1871 - (fire) - Some records were lost.
The Maryland Flag
The Maryland flag contains the family crest of the Calvert and Crossland families. Maryland was founded as an English Colony in 1634 by Cecil Calvert, the second Lord Baltimore. The black and Gold designs belong to the Calvert family. The red and white design belongs to the Crossland family.
(I have prepared these "slideshow" presentations for KY, MD, NC, PA, TN, VA, and WV (see VA); they can be accessed from the GERMANNA COLONIES Home Page. [Click Below to return there.] For other states, in a different format, got to http://www.mystategenealogy.com, where "state" is replaced by the state you wish to view, e.g., http://www.mynewyorkgenealogy.com, http://www.mycaliforniagenealogy.com, etc.)
[Germanna Colonies Home Page]
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The CST on Vidal Sassoon
This is a cross post from The CST
Everyone at CST is sorry to hear the sad news that Vidal Sassoon has died at his home in Los Angeles, aged 84.
Vidal Sassoon speaking at a CST dinner, Manchester 2007
Vidal Sassoon became world famous as a hairdresser, but to many in the UK Jewish community it was his opposition to fascism and antisemitism that was an inspiration and a source of great pride. As a teenager Vidal joined the 43 Group, an organisation set up after the war by 43 Jewish ex-servicemen to physically confront Oswald Mosley’s fascists. While modest about his role in the group, which at its peak had 1,000 members including Jewish and non-Jewish men and women, Vidal gave several interviews in later life in which he talked about his days as an anti-fascist street fighter (see for example Hope Not Hate and the Jewish Chronicle).
Vidal wrote the Foreword to Morris Beckman’s book The 43 Group, published in 1992, in which he explained how he felt as a young man, growing up in the East End of London, when he realised that fascism could not be ignored:
How could I forget Petticoat Lane, especially on Sundays? It was a maze of colourful humanity, a kaleidoscope of people wanting to buy and to be amused. Love could be bought with a kind word, and hate was for sale on every street corner. Fascism was beginning to run rampant. It was impossible to conceive that not more than a borough away, people with hate in their hearts were planning our downfall. Why? We were the stranger in their nest, a bird of a different culture, not indigenous to their mother land. This was enough to stir the angst of the unenlightened in a world where exploration of the other was a frightening experience. We were not only the stranger, we were also the Jew.
I do not know the exact day when we decided to return the hate in kind, but the horror of the images coming from Auschwitz, Dachau, Buchenwald and seemingly so many other places triggered a sense of survival within the remaining Jewish population of Europe. Hearing of the heroics of Mordechai Anielewitz and his few thousand followers in the Warsaw ghetto nurtured our mood. They were young Jews who fought the Nazis with all the passion of Biblical Davids, who died fighting for their dignity.
‘Never Again!’ became a command not a slogan, and so the 43 Group was born.
The 43 Group, and the 62 Group after it, were the predecessors to CST. Although we combat antisemitism in very different ways now, their determination to face down prejudice and stand up for common values continues to inspire our work. CST’s Chairman Gerald Ronson CBE, himself a member of the 62 Group, knew Vidal Sassoon well, and Vidal spoke at CST dinners in London and Manchester. Gerald said on hearing the sad news:
“I am terribly saddened by the death of my friend Vidal Sassoon. Vidal and his comrades in the 43 Group were an inspiration to those of us who faced antisemitism in the 1960s, and saw how they had stood up to fascism after the war. They taught us to be proud and strong. Vidal’s contribution to the safety of Jews in Britain will never be forgotten.”
Our Generation’s Cable St Moment
Labour Leadership Shrugs off Corbyn’s Legacy
Salma Yaqoob Back to Promoting Conspiracies Involving Israel
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Countries //
The Danube is a major economic, geographical and cultural force in Austria. Draining over 96% of the country’s territory, the basin is home to 7.7 million people. In a country dominated by the Alps, the flat lands provided by the rivers are vital for the agricultural sector, human settlements and infrastructure. The Austrian territory accounts for 10% of the total area of the Danube Basin.
Austria’s Landscape, Climate and Water Flow
Austria is a mountainous state with the majority of its relief formed by the Alps: approx. 62% of the land area comprises mountainous terrain; the remainder is hilly, with low-lying plains to the East. Alpine geological formations run in a predominantly west-east direction, with water draining northwards to the Danube and south to the Drava/Drau and Mura/Mur. The gradient of the Austrian section of the Danube is approximately 0.4 ‰, being much steeper than in Lower Bavaria (c. 0.2 ‰) and along the Hungarian Plain (c. 0.06 ‰). The larger tributaries joining the Danube in Austria directly are Inn, Enns and Morava/March.
The climate in Austria is continental, with minimum temperatures in January and maximal values in July.
The Wachau Valley, a stretch of Danube between Melk and Krems, is an outstanding example of a fluvial and cultural landscape bordered by mountains. Much of its evolution since prehistoric times is preserved in the landscape, architecture, urban design and agricultural use (principally vine cultivation). As a result, UNESCO honoured the Wachau with World Heritage Site status in 2000;
The Donau-Auen National Park is a green ribbon linking Vienna and Bratislava, providing protection to a large floodplain area of the Danube. It is still ecologically intact to a high degree displaying characteristics of a large Alpine stream. The National Park covers an area of 9,300 hectares and represents a complex ecosystem with an enormous diversity of habitats, plants and animals;
The Thayatal National Park is an impressive protected area on the River Thaya/Dyje on the Austrian - Czech border. Its characteristic meandering breakthrough valley landscape is home to diverse habitats (meadows, forests, dry grassland and rocky areas) plus numerous rare animals and plants;
Neusiedler See (Fertő-tó in Hungarian), a large shallow lake in the border region between Austria and Hungary, is the only steppe lake in Central Europe. It extends over 315km², with more than half dominated by reeds. Situated at 115.75 m above sea level (on average), its deepest point is 1.8m and it is characterised by a high salt concentration (more than 2,000mg/l). Rainfall and aridity cause significant variations in the lake's water level. In the past, the lake has completely disappeared several times, most recently in the second half of the 19th century. [MOU3] The cross-border Neusiedler See - Seewinkel - Fertő-tó National Park is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Ministers of 5 countries Austria, Croatia, Hungary, Serbia and Slovenia, have agreed in March 2020 to set up a UNESCO „5-country Biosphere Reserve Mura-Drava-Danube“ with 1,000.000 ha floodplains and 13 protected areas, 3 rivers with 700 km. Joint vision of „Amazon of Europe“: conservation, restoration, wise use and harmonised management, as a best practice example of international cooperation in river basin management.
Austria’s major rivers and valleys are heavily utilized. While more than 40% of Austria’s Danube Basin is used for agriculture, settlements and infrastructure; most of the remainder is too mountainous for such activities. With all available valley floor space developed, there has been a marked impact on rivers. Due to this development, and combined with steep river gradients, which result in low water storage capacity in the inundation zones, Austria has a long history of dealing with floods and landslides. Major river systems are also utilised for hydroelectric power generation (an important power source for the country); navigation (the Danube is a major international commercial waterway); as well as receiving waters for effluents and drinking water supply (nearly 100% of Austria’s domestic supply stems from alluvial and karstic ground water bodies).
Around 86% of Austrians live in houses with main sewerage. The remaining 14%, located largely in rural areas, are the focus for future wastewater management resources.
Treatment of point source nutrient discharges go beyond the requirements of the EU Urban Waste Water Directive and estimates for such discharges leaving Austria via rivers to the Black Sea are 15.2 kt/a for reactive nitrogen and 1.2 kt/a for phosphorus. The situation for diffuse discharges is less ideal, with past data for reactive nitrogen showing elevated concentrations in groundwater. Although it should be noted that these concentration have been declining. Concentrations are high where agricultural activities take place above groundwater bodies with a limited recharge rate. However, it is the low concentrations from Alpine areas that are more important in terms of their relative dispersion. Due to the large run-off from Austria, background fluxes are also elevated in relative terms when compared with other states. Estimates of the diffuse discharge of reactive nitrogen leaving Austria to the Black Sea is 64.3 kt/a. With regards to phosphorus levels, the share of reactive phosphorus from deposition is small. Estimates of the diffuse discharge of phosphorus leaving Austria to the Black Sea are around 4.7 kt/a.
Priority Substances, a large set of emission ordinances specifies the requirements for industrial wastewater discharges to waters and public sewerage systems. The effective implementation of emission-based requirements for industrial effluents is primarily characterised by internal (“front of pipe”) measures, such as prevention of raw material losses or water reuse added by reasonable “end of pipe” techniques of wastewater treatment.
For detailed information and statistics on the impact of pollution and hydro-morphological alterations to the Danube system, download the fact sheet below.
Photo credits: header banner and featured photo: Alexander Haiden / BMLRT
Austria Facts & Figures (168.76 KB)
» Floods
Floods are natural phenomena. They can, however, turn into disasters causing widespread damage, health problems and even deaths. This is especially the case where rivers have been cut off from their natural floodplains, are confined to man-made channels, and where houses and industrial sites have been constructed in areas that are naturally liable to flooding.
» Drava Basin
The Drava River is the fourth largest, as well as the fourth longest Danube tributary. It connects the Alps with the Danube and the Black Sea. The Drava has been considerably regulated with dams constructed to generate hydroelectricity and channels dredged to direct its flow. Nevertheless, natural habitats along the middle and lower reaches host unique varieties of flora and fauna, and several endemic species.
Ministry for Water
Website of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, Environment and Water Management
National Park Donau-Auen
National Park along the Danube, linking Vienna and Bratislava
Water Education Webiste (German only)
Wasseraktiv
Water Information Website of the MoE with community functions
Austria has signed the Danube River Protection Convention already in 1994. Its capital Vienna is the location for the ICPDR Secretariat.
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Information Pragmatics: Lessons for the web from human languages
Assistant Professor of Computer Science and Linguistics
Dept of Computer Science, Gates Building 4A, 353
Serra Mall, Stanford CA 94305-9040, USA
manning@cs.stanford.edu
When people see web pages, they understand their meaning. When computers see web pages, they get only words and HTML tags. We'd like computers to see meanings as well, so that computer agents could more intelligently process the web. These desires have led to XML, RDF, agent markup languages, and a host of other technologies which attempt to impose more syntax and semantics on the web -- to make life easier for agents. Now, while some of these technologies are certain to see a lot of use (XML), and some of the others may or may well not, I think their proponents all rather miss the mark in believing that the solution lies in mandating standards for semantics. This will fail for several reasons: (i) a lot of the meaning in web pages (as in any communication) derives from the context -- what is referred to in the philosophy of language tradition as pragmatics (ii) semantic needs and usages evolve (like languages) more rapidly than standards (cf. the Acad�mie fran�aise), (iii) meaning transfer frequently has to occur across the subcommunities that are currently designing *ML languages, and then all the problems reappear, and the current proposals don't do much to help, and (iv) a lot of the time people won't use the standards -- it's just like how newspaper advertisements rarely contain spec sheets. I will argue that, yes, agents need knowledge, ontologies, etc., to interpret web pages, but the aim necessarily has to be to design agents that can interpret information in context, regardless of the form in which it appears. And for that goal work in natural language processing is of some use, because that field has long been dealing with the uncertain contextual interpretation of ambiguous information. In case the abstract so far hasn't made it obvious: I intend this as more a pontifical than a technical talk, but will discuss a little relevant natural language processing technologies.
Christopher Manning is assistant professor of computer science and linguistics at Stanford University. Previously, he held faculty positions at Carnegie Mellon University and the University of Sydney. His research interests include probabilistic models of language and statistical natural language processing, constraint-based theories of grammar, parsing systems, computational lexicography, information extraction and text mining, and topics in syntactic theory and typology.
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Holocaust Remembrance Day Observance Begins with Yad Vashen Ceremony
By DEBKAfile & IsraelNationalNews.com
Israel's observance of Holocaust memorial day began on Wednesday evening with a ceremony at Jerusalem's Yad Vashem attended by President Reuven Rivlin and Prime Minister Binyamin Netanyahu.
On Thursday morning at 10 a.m., sirens will go off around the country for two minutes, followed by official ceremonies marking the occasion. Ministers, members of the Knesset, and a delegation from the IDF and the Israel Police will participate in the annual "March of the Living" during the day in Poland.
Each year, Israel stops for one day to remember the 6 million Jews who perished in the Holocaust and to tell the stories of the survivors. On Wednesday evening, a state memorial ceremony took place at Warsaw Ghetto Square at the Yad Vashem Holocaust Memorial Museum in Jerusalem. President Reuven Rivlin and Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu both spoke the ceremony and Holocaust survivors lit six torches as part of the memorial service.
A Knesset memorial ceremony titled "Every Person Has a Name" is set for Thursday. During the ceremony, which will be held in the Chagall Lounge, Knesset members will read out the names of the Jews who were killed in the Holocaust. Rivlin, Netanyahu, Knesset Speaker Yuli Edelstein and Supreme Court President Justice Miriam Naor will all be present for the ceremony.
Meanwhile, dozens of delegations from around the world are now touring through the remnants of Jewish life in Krakow, Poland, which was once home to one of the most vital Jewish communities in Europe.
At the Nuremberg Symposium in Krakow on Wednesday, marking 70 years since the Nuremberg Trials, participants discussed what lessons, if any, were learned in the years since and what steps can be taken to prevent genocide. The conference was organized by the March of the Living organization and the Raoul Wallenberg Center for Human Rights. Legal specialists from around the world participated.
At the same time, ahead of the March of the Living participants' memorial ceremony at Auschwitz-Birkenau on Thursday, a delegation of Knesset members arrived in Warsaw Tuesday to lay a wreath at the Ghetto Heroes Monument. There, Habayit Hayehudi MK Shuli Mualem-Rafaeli read Professor Asa Kasher's poem "Bakashot," which was originally written following the 1997 Israeli helicopter disaster.
Netanyahu told the survivors that lit the menorah: "I have one mission: One Yad Vashem is enough. One time. There will be no second time.". The meeting with the survivors was the first of its kind and was organized by Sara Netanyahu.
The prime minister went on to say that "the hatred of Jews has not disappeared in 70 years, and it is now directed at the Jewish state. But the state is very, very strong -- and its strength is your strength."
Israeli President Reuven Rivlin opened his address Wednesday evening with a story from the Bergen Belsen concentration camp during the first night of Passover in 1944. "In barrack 18, a group of Jewish prisoners gathered, determined not to eat leavened bread. Rabbi Aharon Bernard (Yisachar) Davids, the rabbi of Rotterdam and a leader in the religious Zionist movement, who decided not to escape with his family but rather was sent with his community to Bergen Belsen, explained to them that it was their obligation to do what was necessary to stay alive."
"In order to convince them, he picked up a piece of bread, and before eating it on that Seder night, he read a special prayer which he had penned together with Rabbi Simon Dasberg, and other Rabbis from Holland, which read; 'Our Father in Heaven! It is known to You that we desire to fulfill Your will and observe the Passover holiday by eating Matzah and safeguarding against bread. But our hearts are pained at the captivity which prevents us, and we find ourselves in danger of our lives. We are hereby ready to fulfill Your commandments "And you shall live by them (the commandments)" and not die by them, and to observe the caution of "guard yourself and watch your life greatly."
Therefore our prayer to You is that You keep us alive, and sustain us, and redeem us speedily." The President noted that, tragically, Rabbi Davids perished just months before the camp was liberated.
"I stand here, amid the mountains of the Israeli city of Jerusalem," said Rivlin, "on the eve of Holocaust Memorial Day 2016, between the days of Passover 'the festival of freedom,' and Israel's Independence Day, and give thanks in the name of Rabbi Davids and his community who did not merit to see this moment, and in the name of all our brothers and sisters, our loved ones who perished in the Holocaust, I give thanks to He who brought us to this moment, to these days of revival. Am Yisrael Chai, the people of Israel lives."
Rivlin highlighted the importance of the remembering the Holocaust, noting that this would be the last generation to meet with survivors. "In another generation, there will not be anyone left living among us who survived that hell, and who could say, 'I was there, I saw the horror with my own eyes'. The Holocaust survivors living among us become fewer and fewer.
"It is time to conduct some soul-searching before you. We must admit that we were wrong. Holocaust survivors have never received the respect they deserved. Even to the present day, the State of Israel does not take every measure it can in order to take care of the Holocaust survivors. My brothers and sisters, survivors, the heroes of Israel's revival, I came here today on my behalf, and on behalf of the people of Israel, on behalf of the State of Israel, and I ask each one of you, before it is too late, for forgiveness.
"We did not understand, we did not want to understand, and we have not done enough. Our brothers and sisters, Holocaust survivors. These are the years in which we should take the opportunity to try to clarify along with you, how you want to shape the memory of the Holocaust and its lessons for future generations. How do you wish to charge the torch of remembrance, which will be passed from generation to generation? The number which was tattooed onto your flesh is etched into the hearts of this nation for generations, and has become the living will of the Jewish people."
Rivlin added, "The Holocaust whether we like it or not has become a factor in shaping the standards of our understanding of ourselves, of understanding our relationship with other nations, and our role in the world. The Holocaust places the Jewish people in front of the basic principles, as a people and as a nation gazing inward at ourselves and outward toward all of humanity. It is these basic principles that should unite us all, regardless of our political outlooks, ideologies, or ethnic origin."
"I believe that the memory of the Holocaust for future generations, should meet three basic principles. Firstly, we should always be able to defend ourselves – we should not privatize our security. The State of Israel is not, under any circumstances, compensation of the Holocaust. However, the Holocaust put into perspective the necessity and crucial need of the Jewish people to return to its historical roots, as a nation that takes its fate in its hands."
"Anti-Semitism and the persecution of the Jews are not a fad, or one that can be taken lightly. It is a difficult chronic disease that penetrates deep into the heart and history of nations. We find it today in the voices that can be heard in the heart of a different Europe – from the British left and the extreme right in Eastern Europe and in Europe as a whole, and in areas across of the Arab world. The State of Israel will deal with this anti-Semitism by ensuring, first and foremost, a national home and a Jewish army that protects the nation of survival. We will never be ashamed that we are willing to fight."
"The second point is the shared Jewish fate. In Auschwitz and Babi Yar, in the darkness and in great fear, an alliance was forged - the Covenant of the Pieces. Our Jewishness descended upon us all equally and culminated, as Jean Amery said harshly, in the realities and the possibilities inherent in the number engraved on our arms."
"All of us, the Jewish people, those of faith, and those without, those who believe in Zionism and those who don't believe in Zionism, from the East and from the West, and anywhere in the world are as one number."
"We will forever pursue the blood of our brothers and sisters, individuals and communities, which screams at us from within the earth. We will continue to pursue the deniers, those who want to forget and those who want to blur history. In the present and the future, whatever our faith, above and beyond any estrangement or divisions within us – we will always recognize the invisible thread that connects us to the Jewish people as one."
"The third point, beloved is man created in God's image. This is a Jewish truth, the most fundamental human truth and the deepest antibody to the horrors of the Holocaust, where our people and all of us were turned to dust, to ants, to un-human beings. Beloved is man created in God's image. Whether we want or not, the Holocaust imposes a hard and terrible duty on the Jewish nation and its conduct. The Holocaust will forever place us, the Jewish people, as eternal prosecutors on the stage of humanity, prosecutor against anti-Semitism, racism and ultra-nationalism. Prosecutors against pacts with the devil that trade human dignity and life for interests. Prosecutors against indifference, against the relativism of evil. Beloved is man, every person, created in the image of God. This is a holy duty from which the Jewish people cannot and should not want to escape at any time, under any circumstances."
Arab Terrorists learn Lucrative Trade While in Israeli Prison
By IsraelNationalNews.com & AFP
Inspired by their time working in an Israeli prison canteen, two Palestinian terrorists have launched a lucrative food truck in Ramallah in Samaria, in a first for the region ruled by the Palestinian Authority. It's not quite the captive audience they were used to, but Khaldun al-Barghuti and Abderrahman al-Bibi's brightly colored van is drawing attention - and hungry patrons - on the pavements and in the parks of the PA's political center.
Barghuti, who spent eight years in an Israeli prison, and Bibi, who spent nine, served food to fellow inmates during their time in jail. They said they served time for "resisting the Israeli occupation," but refused to provide further details regarding the terrorist activities that landed them in jail.
Barghuti, who was freed at the beginning of this year, said it was no coincidence that he decided to open a mobile business - dubbed the "Food Train" - following his release. "I had to get on the move after so much time spent in a small cell, I was tired of the long hours of boredom and I wanted to move all the time, like a train," he said, filling a baguette with grilled chicken and diced onions. He also said the psychedelic paint job of the van in red, blue, orange, purple and yellow came in response to the monotone colors of jail life.
In Israeli jails, Palestinian terrorists have been revealed to be enjoying numerous perks, and even benefit from university degree study programs.
Street stalls flogging falafel, grilled corncobs or Turkish coffee are a common part of any Arab street, but a restaurant in a truck with two fridges and a stove, powered by four huge solar panels, was unheard of before the Food Train.
Although such food trucks are all the rage in cities from New York to Paris, the two terrorists had to ask the PA ministry of transport to issue its first license for their mobile restaurant, which was inspired by their time in Israeli jail. Serving Middle Eastern street food alongside hot dogs and sandwiches, the truck has proven surprisingly popular. "We didn't expect to have so many customers this fast," said Barghuthi.
Since opening the truck three weeks ago, the two men take turns at the stove from 8 a.m. until midnight, seven days a week.
Barghuti, sporting a neatly trimmed black beard and an apron tied around his neck, said that in general they park next to "universities or public gardens, and sometimes employees ask us to come in to their industrial zone."
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Golden and I Knew It by James Lynch
Posted on April 10, 2012 by jameslynch
This is a guest post by my high school English teacher, Jim Lynch, who I was fortunate to have as a teacher twice, in both my freshman and senior years. He was one of those rare individuals who was doing what he loved and you could tell how much he enjoyed it. We looked forward to his class and I can recall how he made learning fun which was in contrast to a few other teachers I had along the way. As you may have noticed from a lack of recent postings, I have felt a bit of ‘writers block’ when it comes to updating this blog, so it’s with a sense of irony and relief that my English teacher has come to my rescue with something that is truly worth reading. I took the liberty of scanning his photo from my wife’s high school yearbook so the picture of him you see below is from 1978. He attended the ice breaker for our 30th reunion in 2007 and he had not aged at all. In fact, he looked younger than many of us who were his students in the 1970s. 😉
-Lee Devlin
Golden and I Knew It
After a two-year stint as a rookie teacher at a small and new Catholic high school in northern New Jersey, I left the job for economic and personal reasons. The economics reflected starting a family (my wife ceased to work as a new mother). The personal involved doubts about my chosen profession.
Because of a confluence of circumstances, I had been made English Department Chairman. I was given this position simply because I was the first of the new English teachers hired to staff the school, where I taught junior and senior English. Fresh out of college, I felt out of my depth as an educator. I had to design a curriculum, assign classes, and select and order textbooks, all without a veteran teacher or mentor as a sounding board. Lacking any frame of reference, I felt relieved when economic issues forced me to resign.
After two subsequent years as the world’s worst salesman (tires), I realized that although I was raw and uneven in my teaching, my future lay in education. What I needed, I determined, was further experience in the company of other teachers who could provide answers to questions that mattered in the day-to-day life of an educator.
The opportunity to reenter teaching presented itself in 1972 when an opening occurred at West Side Central Catholic (soon to be renamed Bishop O’Reilly) High School in Kingston, Pennsylvania. I took the position full of doubts and reservations, but determined to learn, once and for all, if time and circumstance could make a difference. It was to be a turning point in my life, both professionally and personally.
My first impression of the students was impressive. They seemed to move through the day with an ease and maturity untypical for teenagers. While they certainly dealt with the universal and eternal concerns of peer acceptance, self-image and increasing autonomy, they nevertheless demonstrated a congenial symbiosis with teachers and administrators, and exhibited a genuine sense of belonging to their school.
In general, they looked comfortable and content in their demeanor. There were cliques, for sure, but no real distinct separation. Jocks were in the glee club and in plays, while National Honor Society students played sports and joined homecoming committees. With rare exceptions, they respected their teachers, and looked upon them as professionals who cared about their academic and personal development.
During the second half of my first year at Central Catholic, I experienced the quality of music and quantity of student involvement in the Glee Club. On the Friday before the annual spring concert, participating students were excused from classes for an all-day rehearsal. Most junior and senior teachers did not conduct classes, as more than half of our students were in the auditorium fine-tuning their performance. On my way the faculty lounge on my prep period, I stopped in the hallway as a student exited the closed double doors leading to the auditorium/gym.
To this day I can hear the mellifluous four-part harmony of Cat Stevens’ Morning Has Broken flowing from the assembled choir. I was then, and continue to be, struck by the quality of the presentation. It sounded as if it were a professional rendition, quite unlike a usual performance of a high school choir. I stood there as the song ended, and a spontaneous outpouring of oohs and aahs came from the students who had surprised themselves with their impressive efforts. I remember thinking how fortunate I was to be part of a school that could offer such activities and produce such results.
I always considered them as guests in my classroom. As their host, I both extended and received a respect that permeated our discussions and interactions. Even their gentle mockery of the faculty belied a palpable esteem. I remember student-generated and circulated comic books that poked fun at teachers who, they alleged, were hiding in plain sight as superheroes. One history teacher in particular was presented as “Captain Coma,” who wore a cape with a huge C in its center. Captain Coma once saved children from escaping tigers and lions at a zoo by lecturing them until they fell into comas in mid rampage. Our obese priest administer, however, was drawn as a blimp floating over the school, with the words “B.F. Grimalia” written on its sides.
That same comic book creator also performed a variety of stunts, one of which, in today’s jittery social environment, could easily have resulted in the summoning of a SWAT team. In addition to mounting a cafeteria table during lunch and pulling a rubber chicken from inside his jacket, wearing a Steve Martin arrow-through–the-skull headband, and threatening to “pie” Sister Gratiana during Class Night (a 1970’s fad made popular by the television show, “Laugh In”), he once suddenly called out my name midway through class, and pointed what looked like a very real black 45 caliber handgun at me.
After my life passed briefly before my eyes, I regained my composure as a stream of water arched from the toy gun. I confiscated the water pistol and continued class without further interruption. When students in other classes asked about the incident, I dismissed it as the joke it was surely meant to be, indicating that it was just ol’ Bob practicing his weird brand of humor. For a split second, though, I almost had a laundry problem. The fact that that event caused nary a ripple of official concern reflects the relative innocence of the era in which it occurred.
We had our share of miscreants over the years, but they usually didn’t last long in the school’s family ambience. They were looked upon as odd or pitiful by the majority of students, alongside of whom they stood out in marked contrast. While my rose-colored glasses of retirement have not obscured the undercurrent of experimentation that colors teenagers of all eras, the reality is that such activity rarely breached the surface of student life in any blatant or consistent fashion. Perhaps strong family bonds were part of that equation. At any rate, a positive student demeanor and deportment evidenced itself in an excellent academic and social environment.
Perhaps the best example of the school’s warmth and vitality can be seen in its addition of an educational program for special-needs students during its later years. Essentially a school within a school, its curriculum was geared to the needs of these students, although there was some overlap in other courses, such as computer classes. These students also shared lunch in the cafeteria, attended pep rallies and frequented sporting events.
If the idea was to have such students get used to mainstream society, it accomplished considerably more. As I stood at my classroom door during change of classes, I often witnessed my students making casual conversation with these special adolescents, high-fiving them and asking about their classes. In the final analysis, I don’t know which group learned more about life and love in those interactions.
The teachers were of two types: generally older nuns from several orders (their percentage of the faculty had begun to decline markedly as vocations ebbed after Vatican II), and generally younger lay teachers. Initially, the sisters seemed to tolerate us as unfortunately necessary components of the teaching staff. Over the years I spent at the school, the ratio of sisters to lay teachers tilted quickly. By the end of the school’s existence, one nun was on staff as a librarian. Lay teachers were generally in their twenties in the early 70’s, mostly graduates of local colleges and residents of surrounding communities.
Because Catholic schools were exempt from state/federal educational policies and regulations, and the religious staff generally left us to our own resources, we were able to pursue teaching in a purely practical and innovative fashion. We weren’t bogged down in a morass of state standards, regulations and testing, promulgated by faceless bureaucratic “experts” who couldn’t find the inside of a classroom with a map and a flashlight.
Consequently, we relied upon one another to build and implement teaching methods and strategy. Aside from periodic (and generally inconsequential) teacher meetings conducted by the administration, we discussed our mutual concerns informally – in the faculty lounge and local taverns, at holiday “progressive parties,” and end-of-the-year picnic outings. Because we shared our approaches and discussed our failures and successes, we grew and prospered as a faculty. The result created an exceptional educational experience for teachers and students alike. During the four decades I spent at Central Catholic/Bishop O’Reilly, graduating seniors merited college acceptance in the 90th percentile range and millions of dollars in scholarship offers.
At the risk of sounding hyperbolic, I found teaching at Central/O’Reilly to be almost magical. The work was both hard and time-consuming, but the classroom experience made those considerations more than worthwhile. Very often the change-of-class bell interrupted a class discussion that neither students nor teacher wanted to end. Because many teachers volunteered their time to chaperone after-school activities, we got to know students, and to be known by them, in an added dimension.
Teachers in charge of a student club or activity had merely to ask their colleagues to assist at an event. Proms, all-night dance marathons, plays and concerts all provided teacher-student interaction outside the classroom. Weekly free tutoring at the school in multi-disciplinary areas during early evening hours also offered opportunities to foster mutual understanding and respect.
One event involving extra-curricular teacher-student involvement occurred during a mid-70’s all-night (24 hour) dance marathon for a charity I cannot recall. In that era, no thought was given to any chaperones besides the faculty members who volunteered shifts. We initially had neither a medical nor security presence at the events. At the particular marathon I recall, the doors on both sides of the gym were open to provide a breeze to offset the humid middle of the night.
The loud music over the sound system must have filtered onto the streets surrounding the school, and resulted in some unwanted visitors. Four males in their mid to late 20’s drove to the parking lot and entered the gym through the its open doors in the early A.M. hours. To say they looked dangerous is not an exaggeration. They sauntered across the gym floors, weaving their way through the young and vulnerable dancing students, and sat in the middle of the first row of the gym seats. I watched as they chuckled, nudged each other and they pointed out female students to one another.
In an era without cell phones, I was about to go to the main office to telephone the Kingston Police (I didn’t have any idea of what I would tell them, since no crime had been committed), when one of my students, Jimmy Reino, walked by with a box of pizza. Noticing my concerned appearance, he stopped and asked what was the matter. When I pointed my chin in the direction of the four possible miscreants, he asked me to hold the pizza.
He casually walked to the four, sat beside them and began a low conversation. After four or five minutes, they got up and promptly left the dance without looking back. When Jimmy came back and retrieved the pizza, I asked him what he had said to the departing foursome. He replied in an off-handedly conversational tone, “You don’t want to know,” as he took the pizza to some hungry students. After that marathon, we made it a point to have the school nurse (or a parent who was a nurse), and an off-duty Kingston police officer as evening and A.M. chaperones as well. A generation later, I had the pleasure of teaching Jimmy’s lovely daughter.
In retrospect, the number of second-generation students whose parents I had taught offers confirmation of the value afforded the school. At report card nights, parents often related their desire to have their children share their high school experience. It is noteworthy that we also taught many students whose parents were public school teachers and administrators. Perhaps the most telling and gratifying indication that we were doing worthwhile work can be seen in the number of graduates who returned to the school as new educators and became valued colleagues of their former teachers.
The time and distance afforded by retirement has deepened my appreciation for being able to participate in such an extraordinary time and place. It is a source of immense satisfaction that the school’s traditions and accomplishments endure in the memories of her graduates and will be passed on to their children and grandchildren. I suppose that line from the Alma Mater had it right: West Side Central Catholic/Bishop O’Reilly will “live on in glory” in the hearts and minds of everyone lucky enough to be associated with that incredibly fulfilling educational institution. Not only is that time a “golden age” in memory, it carried with it a golden aura each day I walked those halls, and for that I will always be grateful.
Jim Lynch
If you’d like to provide any feedback to Mr. Lynch, he can be reached at jimadalynch(at)gmail.com. You’ll need to fix that email to use it, by substituting the @ symbol for the (at) characters.
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6 thoughts on “Golden and I Knew It by James Lynch”
Jennifer (Evans) Lipton on July 30, 2015 at 2:54 pm said:
I had Mr. Lynch twice for English when I was at O’Reilly and not only do I still remember the content of the books he had us read, but I remember really enjoying reading them and the lesson. He definitely made class enjoyable and exciting – just like he did for my mom and my uncle many years before! Great article, great teacher!
Dr. Sharon Ruotolo-Overfelt on June 17, 2016 at 11:59 am said:
Mr. James Lynch was in fact one of my favorite and more memorable educators at Central Catholic/Bishop O’Reilly High School.
He taught, he humanized the material we learned and most importantly, he made it a point to get to know each and every one of us as he did so, elevating our self-esteem concurrently. This is when the adolescent brain, while wired to believe it’s an adult, is truly not. It requires further nurturing and guidance even into and through its early 20’s at least. While he could not travel with us that far, he sent us happily on our respective ways with his tremendous expertise (a true avocation) and immense feeling for each of us.
In his writing above, one thing particularly struck me as true, at least for my graduating class of 1974. While the 250+ of us obviously had different goals and interests during our high school years and for the future, we were a rather tight knit class who all personally knew each other on one level or another. As he put it, yes, there were cliques, but jocks were also members of the chorus, AP students were in all aspects of the annual School Play from lead characters to music to building sets to lighting, students in general volunteered their time for Dance Marathons, cheering sections in games, and on and on.
We came from towns like Kingston itself and some as far as Harvey’s Lake. It didn’t matter. We were a unit.
Many years after I graduated and was long gone, my brother, having retired, actually taught Chemistry at Bishop O’Reilly with Mr. Lynch and came to know him well. He holds him in the same high regard as I do.
Sadly, the Parochial Schools are being closed one by one and the buildings sold off. Even ones that were profitable and had many local people try to petition the Bishop on behalf of what these schools had and still have to offer, had the words fall on deaf ears.
I am thankful to have been there for those “golden years” at Central Catholic High School with teachers such as James Lynch to guide and shape my mind.
Matthew Carson on August 23, 2018 at 10:53 pm said:
Mr. Lynch, after forty-nine years on this planet, is the 3rd most influential person I have ever had the honor to meet! Hands down!
– Matt Carson class of 87
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“News King” Newspaper History – Delivering News for 106 Years and Counting
“News King”
Our online newspaper delivers breaking news for more than 20 years, both in a printed version and here in our online magazine
The newspaper “NewsKing” has been founded way back in 1910, when William Howard Taft has been our nation’s leader. Newspaper, originally intended to be kept as a weekly one and featured all the latest local news for Wisconsin area. But in next 30 years after that US nation’s love both for Wisconsin cheese and our newspaper grew rapidly.
Working nationwide since 1940
So, following a widespread demand for our news editorials and also political satire and sketches, we went nationwide in 1940, and to being a daily paper. That was a ripe time for the news industry in general. Our war correspondents were present across all theaters of WW2, providing exclusive materials and our unique editorial style for Americans across the country.
Digital news since 1995
But the world did not stand idle, and we were about to go for another breakthrough and expansion. With commerical Internet going live in 1994, our newspaper editorial board decided that we should be one of the first papers to go live as well. So, we went ahead of the New York Times, Chicago Tribune and LA Herald, and in 1995 launched our Internet news portal.
This year we will be celebrating it’s 21st birthday and our newspaper’s 106th birthday.
With such a long history behind us, we can surely tell that we are still in top-30 of newspapers in print, and rank at position #26 for the online news websites popularity, in US and Canada.
So, we think the journey we embarked on made a great transformation for our business in general and our readers in particular.
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Newtown and district
The flannel industry
A steam-powered industry
After the depression of the 1840s and 1850s, the flannel industry had something of a revival.
In 1859 the Llanidloes to Newtown Railway opened, and transport links improved for the town and its industry. At about the same time local factory owners began to use steam power in larger factories.
These two new developments (railways and steam power) led to a revival in the local flannel industry. Some of the first factories to convert to steam looms were those which had previously used water power.
The map below shows the location of the weaving shops and the bigger woollen mills using water or steam power.
The Cambrian Mill
This was the biggest of all the woollen mills in Wales. At its most successful it employed 500-600 men and had over 250 power looms.
Charles Hanbury Tracy was the man behind its success. He formed a company called the Cambrian Flannel Company to run the mill and then later the larger Welsh Woollen Manufacturing Company.
Mr Tracy encouraged other local companies to co-operate with each other instead of competing. The development of the Pryce-Jones Royal Welsh Warehouse also greatly increased the demand for local cloth.
The 1881 census recorded that 31% of the workers of the town were employed in the woollen industry, mostly in the larger mills.
Back to flannel industry menu
Go to Newtown menu
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Facing global challenges: libraries as community hubs for the empowerment of the most vulnerable populations
LACHAL, Jérémy and PEICH, Muy-Cheng (2019) Facing global challenges: libraries as community hubs for the empowerment of the most vulnerable populations. Paper presented at: IFLA WLIC 2019 - Athens, Greece - Libraries: dialogue for change in Session 154 - Asia and Oceania.
Bookmark or cite this item: http://library.ifla.org/id/eprint/2541/1/154-lachal-en.pdf
More than 68.5 million people are displaced due to conflicts or natural disasters in the world today. 4 million refugee children are out of school. And beyond the refugee scope, 203 million above the age of 15 are illiterate in Subsaharan Africa. One may wonder how and even whether libraries can tackle such challenges. Access to information is, more than ever, at the root of profound inequalities in today’s world. Nobel Prize Amartya Sen theorized a model of development that privileges freedom and the capacity to act as the conditions to be in position to make decisions that correspond to individuals’ aspirations. Access to information, and therefore libraries, are central in this approach to empower populations to face today’s challenges. While some question the relevance of libraries in industrialised countries, libraries are often perceived in the most challenging as a key community asset: a safe and trusted space that belong to the community and where one can find the resources to build their own solution. In this paper, we offer to explore the role of libraries in community dialogue and the collaborative design of tools, resources, and methodologies to solve the community’s challenges. We will study two examples of such libraries. z In Bangladesh, Libraries Without Borders (LWB) has set up library spaces in the refugee camp set up in Cox’s Bazar, which hosts more than 900.000 people. These spaces have become a rallying point for the Rohingya community, where they can find reliable information, discuss key issues of the community and create content to share their stories, as well essential information for others. In Nepal, the Australian National University has set up a library - both physical and digital - in Batase, a small village whose community suffers from intense human trafficking. LWB supported the installation of this library through the curation of digital content disseminated through offline internet. Launched in December 2018, this library not only serves the local community, but also surrounding villages. It has become where children, youth and adults can learn, access information and discuss even sensitive issues and experiences such as human trafficking. These spaces are recognized by the community as hubs for community participation, dialogue, and first and foremost, safe and trusted spaces. The feedbacks from the facilitators of these spaces, the testimonies of the users and the data collected throughout the project highlight key components for the success of such an approach: the participation of the local community in the design of the space and its activities, the involvement of members of the community in the management of the space, the ability to adjust the programming to a changing environment, etc. Our research investigated these components, assessed the impacts of such spaces on the empowerment of the local community and tried to identify key lessons to replicate such initiatives.
Session 154 - Libraries: Create Spaces - Inspire Dialogue - Empower Community - Asia and Oceania
Division 5 Regions > Asia and Oceania Section
LACHAL, Jérémy Libraries Without Borders International, Paris France
PEICH, Muy-Cheng Libraries Without Borders International, Paris France
Community; Citizenship; Empowerment; Global challenges; Refugees
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Sober Solutions To Open New Drug And Alcohol Addiction Treatment Center In New Jersey
The new high-end facility named Rolling Hills Recovery Center, located in Chester will be opened on the 1st of February and will combine various forms of therapy, as well as other holistic approaches in the treatment of addiction
Sober Solutions is pleased to announce that everything is set for the opening of a new drug and alcohol addiction treatment center in New Jersey. The new center is expected to open on the 1st of February, 2022, in the city of Chester, and has been named Rolling Hills Recovery Center.
Described as a high-end rehab facility, Rolling Hills Recovery Center will combine yoga, massage therapy, adventure therapy, reiki, and other holistic approaches to treat addiction. The New Jersey rehab center will also offer group therapy, individual therapy, 12-step facilitation, aftercare and discharge planning to help recovering addicts easily settle into a normal routine free of substance abuse.
Rolling Hills Recovery Center has expressed its commitment to the long-term recovery of every client that admits to its treatment program. It will provide a variety of effective, evidence-based treatment options and will also offer an individualized, dual approach to addressing the root cause of addiction. Rolling Hills Recovery Center’s expert medically trained staff will assist in tailoring a treatment program to the client.
The center believes that each and every patient has unique needs and that’s why it takes pride in being able to offer its patients an individualized treatment plan to meet their specific needs. It provides its patients with the tools they need for long-term success and works with them every step of the way. Addiction and mental health aren’t one size fits all. Rolling Hills offers a continuum of care focused on transitioning each individual as they progress through treatment.
The New Jersey rehab center believes its mission is to guide individuals, families, and communities through comprehensive quality addiction and mental health treatment. It uses clinically-proven modalities such as cognitive behavioral therapy, motivational interviewing, and trauma-based therapy throughout the treatment process. After Discharge, patients enter its alumni program where they continue to stay plugged into its recovery community and maintain their recovery.
Regarding the leadership roles, Sober Solutions Network has revealed that Dr. Carl Williams will serve as the executive director of the new rehab facility. Dr. Williams was recently added to the Sober Solutions Network team a few months ago to help assess the accuracy and validity of all medical content shared on its website. He holds a Master’s degree in Human Services from Lincoln University, Philadelphia, Pa, and a Ph.D. with a concentration in Clinical Psychology from Union Institute and University in Cincinnati, Ohio.
Sober Solutions Network is highly confident in Dr. Carl Williams’s ability to efficiently direct the affairs of the new rehab center, given his clinical knowledge and wealth of experience garnered from serving on the board of Directors for two non-profit service organizations.
Sober Solutions Network uses its AddictionRehabSolutions platform to offer guidance and information on various addictions and the best way to combat them. The company’s website also serves as a database of rehab centers nationwide and groups the listings by location and expertise to help individuals find rehab centers best suited for their condition. All centers listed are state-licensed rehab facilities with JCAHO and CARF accreditations, and the information provided includes summaries of the addictions they handle and the specific descriptions of their services.
The company has also announced that the website www.addictionrehabsolutions.com will be owned and operated by Rolling Hills Addiction Center, to provide a national database of rehab centers and addiction/rehab education.
Company Name: Sober Solutions Network
Contact Person: Robert Marino
Website: https://www.addictionrehabsolutions.com/
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Japan is Not an Air Power
by Leonard Engel
Because the Japanese air force has devastated helpless Chinese cities does not mean it is a potent aerial armada. Here are some cold facts.
There is only one considerable air force in the world about which less is known today than about the mysterious Red air fleet of the USSR. That one is the Japanese. The editors of Flying and Popular Aviation therefore — or should I say, nevertheless — feel it a fit subject for inquiry.
Here is what it has been possible to learn about the men and planes that have been battering virtually defenseless Chinese cities day after day for nearly 3½ years. The information comes from a variety of sources, none of them public and none of them official Japanese. Tokyo doesn't talk much about anything military or economic and that silence goes double for matters aeronautic. It has not been possible to obtain up-to-the-minute figures in all cases.
Japan has two air forces — an army air corps and a naval aviation service — as does the United States, the only other major power without a unified and separate air command. At this writing the Japanese army has something under 2,500 ships of all types, including trainers; the navy, less than 500. Numerically, the Japanese forces are the smallest of the six major air fleets, whose approximate current strengths are: Germany, 25,000-30,000 planes; Great Britain, 10,000-12,000; USSR, 10,000-20,000; Italy, less than 5,000; USA, about 5,000. Japanese planes are also the poorest qualitatively, but more about that later.
A year ago, the air corps had 3,000 pilots including reserves, and the navy, 2,100. Just about half of these were commissioned officers, the rest enlisted men. The Island Empire's seven army and navy air schools cannot turn out more than about 600 pilots a year. All of which, again, is small potatoes compared to the other major powers, where training commanders are accustomed to counting their yearly output in thousands instead of the hundreds.
In one respect Tokyo can claim to lead the world — namely, complexity of its governmental organizations. Even our own War and Navy Departments are put to shame in this. The organization of the Island Empire's air services is no exception to the general rule.
The basic unit, as in other countries, is the squadron, but the Japanese squadron is smaller than ordinary. Pursuit, interceptor and heavy bomber squadrons contain only 10 planes and observation and light bomber, only nine. (The usual bomber squadron in other countries contains a dozen ships plus a spare; the fighter squadron, 18 warcraft.)
Japan has 106 combat squadrons altogether of which some 35 are pursuit and the rest are divided equally among light and heavy bombardment and observation. Total combat machines: about 1,000. About one-fourth of the Japanese air corps is based on Manchuria, part of the huge garrison (300,000 men, the crack Kwantung army, best of the Island Empire's forces) so far immobilized north of China by Tokyo-Moscow mistrust. Another quarter is in Central China, a sixth in North China and a quarter — mostly pursuit and scouting — is in Japan itself.
Here is where the organization begins to get dizzy. In the first place, a squadron is not necessarily made up of the same type of planes. It is not unusual to find observation and bombing craft in the same squadron.
Squadrons are grouped into "air regiments." An air regiment is supposed to contain four squadrons, but in practice the number ranges from two to five. It is most unusual to find all the squadrons in a regiment — which corresponds roughly, very roughly indeed, to the American group and the British wing — made up of the same type of plane.
Air units stationed in China are under the army commanders in charge in the particular area in which they operate; Manchuria-based ships are directed by the Kwantung army staff from its headquarters at Dairen, the big Japanese port wrested from Czarist Russia 35 years ago. Squadrons in Japan proper, Corea (first Japanese mainland colony, "annexed" in 1910) and the island of Formosa make up GHQ air force. This is divided into three wings. The biggest, of four regiments, is in Japan itself; two-regiment wings are in Corea and Formosa.
The inadequacy of the Island Empire's air corps in numbers by western standards is even more striking in the case of he naval air service, although only when the latter is contrasted with its only possible naval opponent: the United States. Naval aviation, in general, is limited by the capacity of a navy's ships to carry airplanes. At first sight, the Japanese seem to be well off: seven aircraft carriers — more than either the United States or Great Britain has — are in commission. But here the equality ends. Japanese carriers, surface ship for surface ship, are inferior to the British. And the British are far inferior to the American.
The six American carriers can handle about 600 planes under wartime conditions; their peacetime complement is 450. British carriers have a total capacity of 250. The Japanese capacity is even smaller. The fact is that American naval designers build better carriers than the British —and the British, better than the Japanese.
Three of the Japanese carriers are brand new 10,050-ton sister ships: the Soryu, Hiryu and Syokaku. The Syokaku was placed in commission only late this summer. These three can each carry about 30 planes. For purposes of comparison, Uncle Sam's newest are the Enterprise, Yorktown and Hornet, of which the Hornet is still building. The American vessels are 20,000-tonners with a peacetime complement of four squadron (72 planes) and a wartime capacity of about 100. The greater American capacity is due not only to their larger size but to better utilization of space and the ability of American manufacturers to turn out smaller planes still able to meet the rigorous requirements of sea duty.
The biggest Japanese carriers are the Kaga, a 27,000-tonner originally laid down as a 39,000-ton battleship and altered following the 1921 naval limitation treaty among Great Britain, France, the United States, Japan and Italy; and the Akagi, also a 27,000-tonner. The Akagi started life as a 42,000-ton battle cruiser
The Kaga and Akagi carry 30 planes apiece normally, but can handle as many as 50. The Akagi would be able to handle more if the Japanese had run the flight deck the length of the ship and used the space beneath it for hangars But so far, only American designers see willing to go in for overhangs and the like.
The other Japanese carriers are small and slow (speed is essential to a carrier because it is such a vulnerable ship; it takes only a couple of bomb or shell hits to wreck the flight deck). They are the Ryuzyo and Hosyo, about 7,000 tons and 20 planes each. Speed: 25 knots. Carriers should do 30 knots or more. Three new carriers are under construction but will not be ready for at least two years.
Including shore-based seaplanes and flying boats, the naval air service had in commission, just before the outbreak of war in Europe about 100 fighters, 15 torpedo bombers and 75 heavy bombers (which are not comparable to our own patrol flying boats, but which are not ship-based craft). It has been only in the last year that the Japanese navy has completed installation of catapults on its battleships and cruisers to launch spotting planes.
If relatively little is known about the numbers and distribution of Tokyo's air arms, even less is known of the ships they employ — except that they are not big league in quality or performance. Fortunately, however, the Japanese have a curious numbering system which enables the outsider to make a pretty good guess at the caliber of Japanese warcraft.
Models produced originally in Japan in 1935 are known as Type 95: for example Type 95 pursuit and Type 95-1, 95-2 an 95-3 trainers. Ships produced in 1936 are Type 96; in 1937, Type 97. There are Type 97 observation, pursuit, light and heavy bombardment planes. Now it happens that Type 97 models, produced in 1937, are no better than 1935 models developed in Europe and the United States. Japan was thus at least two years behind the parade two years ago (the 97 series of models did not go into service until 1938, of course). Despite Herculean efforts to catch up, the Japanese are undoubtedly further behind today. The stimuli of war in Europe and the armament program in the United States have boosted air performance in the west way beyond levels attainable in Japan.
The 97 series of planes is the first of modern construction. The heavy bomber is a four-motored job whose top speed is about 260 mph. The maximum bomb load, however, is only 3,000 pounds; maximum range (maximum bomb load cannot be carried at maximum range) is 2,200 miles. Type 97 pursuit and observation ships approach 300 mph. These planes still are standard.
A later twin-engined bomber, Type 98, is the Fiat BR-20M, built under license. The Japanese air force also has 80 Italian-built Fiats purchased in 1938. The Italian- built BR-20M is a pretty good bomber for a 1938 model: 256 mph top speed on two 1,000-hp Fiat radials. Gross weight of the plane is just over 11 tons. It is not believed, however, that the Japanese version is quite so fast or efficient, partly because Japanese-built engines do not deliver the same power as the Italian.
Japan's aircraft factories, following several years of intensive effort on the part of the government to encourage their development, now are in a position to produce about 2,500 planes a year of all types — if they can get the materials. Raw materials are a difficult problem. Neither Japan nor China, for example, produces much bauxite, the ore from which aluminum is extracted. In the past, Tokyo has met a considerable part of its aluminum requirements by purchases in the United States, but the urgent need for aluminum in this country and the possibility of an embargo make the US an unreliable source for Japan.
The Japanese engine industry has yet to pass the thousand-horsepower stage of development. The 2,500 planes a year is somewhat more than is necessary to maintain the air force at its present strength. Another indication of the poor quality of Nippon's planes is the fact that about one-third of the planes in China wear out each year and one-fourth in Japan. This does not include losses inflicted b the small Chinese air force.
It may well be asked why Japanese military planes are so few and so poor in comparison with other powers. A important reason is the fact that civil aviation is in an extraordinarily low state of development. In other countries, notably our own, when military air appropriations were at an ebb, an aircraft industry based on transport and charter services and private flying was able to lay the groundwork for much of the late expansion in the military field.
Japan operates a considerable number of airlines now, but they are a recent growth and are not heavily traveled When I was in the Far East five year ago there was only one Japanese line operating within the mainland of Asia — the Japan Air Transport Company, which flew a couple of services in Manchuria. I trusted my life to its moth-eaten plane more than once; now that I look back on it, it gives me the shivers. When I look back, I recall that the American-operated outfit in China, the China National Aviation Company, didn't have any too-modern equipment at that time, except or a few Douglas Dolphins. But CNAC's planes were positively 25th century compared with those flown by Japan Air Transport.
Civilian flying did not develop in Japan, largely, I think, because of the poverty of the country's people and because Japan is small. Another factor is that for years civil aviation has been under the thumb of the Ministry of Communications. The Communications Ministry runs the railroads along with the wire services and as never been particularly interested in the air. In Manchuria the giant South Manchuria Railway Company, which runs everything from half a dozen railroads to the dope traffic and red light districts, doesn't care about airplanes, either.
But there is an even more compelling series of reasons for the current state of affairs. It must be remembered that Japan arrived late on the modern industrial scene. The experience of the Japanese people with mechanical gadgets is definitely limited. They have not yet gotten much beyond merely imitating what others have done. At that they are the world's finest, but imitativeness is little help in aeronautics. In the first place, aeronautical developments are more closely guarded by the major powers than are any others. Anything the Japanese obtain via the imitation route is bound to be three years old. Which is not extremely satisfactory at a time when every fighter plane designed is between 10 to 50 mph faster than its predecessor.
In the second place, planes being the most complicated and highly developed type of machinery in existence, a certain mount of native ingenuity is needed to make them work, even after you have been presented with the blueprints. And third, the Japanese system of small factories employing only a few semi-skilled workers — which system dominates Japanese industry — is not well adapted to the high degree of precision required in planes.
Some day, perhaps, the Japanese will have accumulated enough experience in a mechanical way to catch up, but that day will not come soon. One of the factors holding up its arrival is the educational system in Japan, which turns out a nation of blind patriots but gives only limited schooling in the mechanical arts. The general level of education in Japan is low. It takes a good educational system to turn out a nation of mechanics — and a nation of mechanics to run an air industry and air force. The Japanese' blind patriotism is undoubtedly pleasing to Japan's rulers. But it doesn't cut any ice with a 1,000-hp motor. Motors just don't understand noble sentiments.
It is no surprise, therefore, to learn that Japan's five aeronautical research institutes — the institute at Tokyo University, the Army's institute, the Navy's aeronautical arsenal, the experimental laboratory of the Communications Ministry and the Central Aeronautical Research Institute — are not making effective progress in research. They are not in the same class as America's NACA Langley Memorial Laboratory, or England's Farnborough. Their equipment is deficient. Such modern apparatus as supersonic speed tunnels, refrigerated tunnels and variable-density tunnels is unknown.
There remains one question: what of the Japanese ability to fly? Is it any greater than the Japanese ability to build planes? The answer is probably yes, although five years ago Japanese airmanship was extremely poor. I wasn't there at the time, but old hands in the Far East tell a story illustrating this. It is about a German pilot who used to be with CNAC, and an encounter he had with the Japanese.
It seems he was nominated by the German embassy in Tokyo as a special observer for some special piece of business that was to be shown. The night he arrived in Tokyo he drank himself too deep of Japanese beer, which happens to be quite strong. Somewhat in his cups, he boasted that he could knock down the 10 best Japanese pilots one after the other in a single afternoon of dogfights — with cameras, not guns, of course. He had not laid a hand to a fighting plane since the World War, but he was quite sure he could do it. He did — in less than two hours. He didn't need the whole afternoon.
The Japanese have come a long way since then, particularly in bombardment and observation operations, through their practice in the China war. They now are quite proficient in these operations — although how they would perform against real opposition is not known. The relatively high toll taken by the few Chinese planes indicates, not too well. In loyalty, courage and readiness to follow orders, the Japanese pilot is second to no one, however. So far, the Japanese have shown no understanding of the tactics of massed aerial warfare on the World War II model.
In summary, the Japanese air force ca be described as the sixth in the world in numbers and quality, as adequate to the job it has so far had to do. But it would not be adequate in the event of an encounter with either possible major opponent, the USA or the USSR, unless — in the case of the USSR — simultaneous war in the west drained too many planes from Siberia.
This article was originally published in the January, 1941, issue of Flying and Popular Aviation magazine, vol 28, no 1, pp 12-14, 70, 72.
The original article includes 8 photos.
Photos are not credited.
Photo captions:
"Above are a typical Japanese pilot and gunner. They are generally inferior in quality to those of other nations." Plane is not identified, but seems to be Yokosuka B4Y Navy Type 96 Carrier Attacker (Jean).
"Japanese pursuit ships above are Navy Type 96 fighters generally based aboard carriers." Seven Claudes taking off from a grass field.
"Biplane at upper right is Army Type 94 reconnaissance machine now used in China." The plane seems to be a Nakajima Ki-4; this type does not seem to have been assigned a code name.
"Center right is single-engined Navy 96 carrier-based bomber now with the fleet." The plane appears to be a Yokosuka B4Y Navy Type 96 Carrier Attacker (Jean).
"Currently used by Japanese are Italian Fiat bombers like BR-20 directly right." Photo shows a Ruth nose and wings, seen from 11 o'clock; plane is on the ground.
"Big bombs dropping from the above Japanese twin-engined bombers are headed for a Chinese city. These ships look like a small version of the Boeing Flying Fortress." Formation of Sally bombers dropping bombs in close trail; view is from 8 o'clock.
"A standard trainer type is the Army 95-1 single-engined biplane above. New pilots for Japanese Army and Navy air forces can only be turned out at a rate of 600 yearly." Plane, a Spruce trainer, is on the ground, seen from 2 o'clock.
"One of Japan's biggest aircraft carriers is the Akagi. It displaces 27,000 tones, carries 30 planes but could handle more if its flight deck extended ship's length." The ship is seen from off the starboard bow.
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by Mike Errico | Jan 3, 2022 | Books, Music Lyrics and Life, Teaching, Text Journalism
This is a great one, written by Matthew Wang. Congrats on your book, Music, Lyrics, and Life: A Field Guide For the Advancing Songwriter. Can you talk about some of your former songwriting students, some of whom are interviewed in the book? First off, I’m grateful that so many of them came out to be a part of the book—and that includes you, my friend. I really think of us as a team, and I spend a lot of time trying to find opportunities to connect former students to each other. There’s an Instagram account dedicated to the amazing stuff everybody’s doing, and there’s also a Facebook page where we share job opportunities, gear, etc…, but that one’s secret. Can songwriting be taught? Partially, yes. And to a specific subsection of the songwriting community, absolutely yes. Mke Errico connects through songwriting. (Photo Credit: Stan Horaczek) Of course, there are the people who walk into my class with an innate gift of how melody and structure flows, and for them, sometimes all I can do is encourage them to finish as much as possible, and to challenge them to stretch into areas they hadn’t considered. Which, frankly, is a lot. But the writers I can help most obviously are the ones who are maybe not as gifted naturally, but who make up for it by being hell-bent to be a songwriter. They’re early for class; they set up weekly office hours; they apply for all the internships; they co-write with everyone they possibly can; they wake up in the morning wondering how they can get better. I work hard to...
Tallboy Magazine: Special Four-Issue Collector’s Edition
by Mike Errico | Nov 7, 2018 | Books, Stories, Teaching, Text Journalism
I have been putting Tallboy magazine out for years. It went digital for a while (we called them “blogs”), but that never felt right. This special four-issue, 164-page series was part of a crowdfunding campaign for my 2017 release, “Minor Fits.” In it, you’ll find short fiction (some of which I’ve told on stage); backstories about my most well-known songs; and confessions from the music industry—so it’s funny and full of idiots. Now that “Minor Fits” is out in the world, I’m offering the entire series on Bandcamp. I’ve put the same craft and quality into this that I’ve put into my music, and I hope you’ll check it out. Includes unlimited streaming of You Shook Me All Night Long (AC/DC cover) via the free Bandcamp app, plus high-quality download in MP3, FLAC and more. BUY TALLBOY MAGAZINE AT...
Beyonce’s “Formation” and the Rise of the Superchorus
by Mike Errico | Jun 8, 2016 | Press, Text Journalism
Check out my conversation with Fast Company about “Formation,” songwriting, and the rise of “The Superchorus.” Excerpt, plus lyric and structure breakdown, which got kind of complicated…: “It feels new because you get a little bit lost in the form—you’re not being catered to,” says Mike Errico, a singer-songwriter and adjunct instructor at New York University’s Tisch School of the Arts. “[Producer/songwriter] Max Martin is very much a caterer—he’s a good escort and he’s a reliable narrator, musically. But this is actually pushing it. You don’t have control of the plane. That’s something that’s exciting about this.” What’s happening in “Formation” is what Errico describes as not necessarily a break from the traditional verse-chorus form, but an evolution of it. “I do suspect that the way present-day songs are conceived does impact the ways writers chose to innovate,” Errico says. “For instance, if you are writing a melody over a groove that is static, looped, and extended out—a process referred to as ‘toplining’—a creative mind will accept the track as an unmovable parameter and generate interest by changing up the melodies and hooks. At the end of a topline session, the writing team may have several sections they love, but instead of tossing them out in order to preserve preconceived notions of song form, they will line them up and make multiple hook-laden sections out of each.” VERSE 1 Y’all haters corny with that Illuminati mess Paparazzi, catch my fly and my cocky fresh I’m so reckless when I rock my Givenchy dress I’m so possessive so I rock his Roc necklaces PRE-CHORUS My daddy Alabama, my ma Louisiana...
Mike Errico at Design Observer’s ‘Taste’ Symposium (Los Angeles)
by Mike Errico | Feb 10, 2016 | Teaching, Text Journalism
Los Angeles: I’ll be speaking (and playing) about food, design, and music alongside foodies from KCRW, Gizmodo, and the Union of Concerned Scientists, as well as Mark Bittman, Jessica Helfand, Michael Beirut, and many more. There will be food. There will be thought. I got pesto sauce in my bag. #swag Agrarian economics. Dry farming. Engineered waste. Vaporized nutrition. How are any of these things a function of design? On the other hand: how could they be anything else? On February 12, 2016, Design Observer will host a symposium on the relationship between design and food. Held in the Los Angeles Theater Center, Taste will feature speakers from across the United States and Europe: we’ll hear from a historian who has traced the origins of artificial flavor; an engineer who has discovered how to nebulize nutrients; and a politician lobbying for national food security. We’ll look at marketing tactics and distribution platforms; climate change and culinary excess; new economies of scale, old expressions of culture—and everything in between. We’ll eat, drink, and be merry, while raising critical questions about where the future of food is headed. TICKETS ON SALE...
Mike Errico in Billboard
by Mike Errico | Feb 7, 2016 | Teaching, Text Journalism
Thanks to Billboard for adding me to their piece, Album of 100 Songs, All 30 Seconds Long, Holds Digital Music and Modern Life Over the Coals. This summer, New York University songwriting professor Mike Errico wondered, darkly: “Spotify, the clear leader in the streaming space, pays after 30 seconds, so an honest question is… why write beyond that?” Mark Christopher Lee got the joke, and took it very seriously indeed. Six days ago he uploaded 100×30, a record of 100 songs each a hair over 30 seconds long, to SoundCloud. No industry participant is spared. A short list of 100×30’s targets include: Spotify, YouTube, Shazam, Deezer, the Brit Awards, the BBC, MP3s, SoundCloud, sync deals, The Orchard, Sony Music, NME, Starbucks, Noel Gallagher, Steve Jobs and MacBooks. Speaking to Errico via The Independent, Lee says: “I’ve been trying to have a meaningful debate about how we value music, and how we pay for it.” Mostly, however, his focus seems to be on how we don’t pay for it. Read on at Billboard Some Billboard – related pieces include: “Touring Can’t Save Musicians in the Age of Spotify” (New York Times) Appearance on CNN to discuss “Musicians Struggling Through the Streaming Age” What the Blues Can Teach You About Life, Art, and Everything In-Between (The Observer) “Space Oddity” and the Power of the Story Song (Cuepoint) Is the Three-Minute Pop Song Over? (The Independent UK) Hi. I’m Your Songwriting Professor. (The Observer)...
Mike Errico in Forbes
Forbes, the business magazine, has posted The Uneasy Future Of Format Innovation In Music Streaming. It has a good riff on the thirty-second song pieces I did, as well as other prognostications on how technology will influence artists and art. Only a few weeks before MIDiA released its report on variable media programming, musician Mark Christopher Lee released the album 100 x 30, which consists of 100 songs each only 30 to 39 seconds long. The album was a response to a June 2015 op-ed in The Independent by Mike Errico, adjunct professor of songwriting at New York University, who argued that Spotify’s royalty payout for tracks after just 30 seconds of streaming provides a financial incentive for artists to post shorter songs on the service. More than simply profitability, however, Lee aimed simply to propagate Errico’s statement on how the impact of streaming on the music industry can potentially lead to an overbearing hunger for creative efficiency. In fact, a quick glance at 100 x 30’s track titles, ranging from “How Many Friends Have You Bought in Your Unsigned Band” to “EMI (Eat My Industry),” confirms that the album is a harshly calculated stab at the increasing digitization of the music industry as a whole. Pieces related to the Forbes article include: “Touring Can’t Save Musicians in the Age of Spotify” (New York Times) Appearance on CNN to discuss “Musicians Struggling Through the Streaming Age” Is the Three-Minute Pop Song Over? (The Independent...
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4:00 PM PT5:00 PM MT6:00 PM CT7:00 PM ET11:00 PM GMT7:00 AM 北京时间4:00 PM MST6:00 PM EST, Sep. 2, 2021
Bounce House, Orlando, Florida Attendance: 0
UCF rallies to beat Boise State 36-31
(AP Photo/John Raoux)
By CHRISTOPHER DAVIS
ORLANDO, Fla. (AP) Isaiah Bowser rushed 172 yards, including the go-ahead touchdown with a little over four minutes remaining, and UCF rallied from a 21-point deficit to beat Boise State 36-31 on Thursday night in a game that began almost three hours late because of lightning-caused delays.
The Knights and Broncos were scheduled to start their game at 7:05 p.m., but multiple lightning strikes that appeared within an 8-mile radius resulted in a 9:45 p.m. kickoff.
"I think we learned that no matter what adversity we come through, we can come back, fight back, and win," Bowser said.
Boise State stormed out to a 21-0 lead before UCF cut the margin to 24-14 by halftime and scored two touchdowns in the third quarter to take its first lead.
"They're a bunch of winners - they refuse to let us lose," new head coach Gus Malzahn said.
UCF backup safety Dyllon Lester made a game-sealing interception with 2:07 left.
After throwing a 100-yard pick-6 to Tyric LeBeauf - the longest in Boise State history - in the first quarter, Dillon Gabriel led scoring drives to end and begin the half. He threw for four 318 yards and four touchdowns, while being picked off twice by LeBeauf. Jaylon Robinson made six catches for 140 yards and a score for UCF.
Although he wasn't perfect and the odds were stacked against them, Gabriel still maintained his confidence in his team to come back.
"You got to realize you're down 21-0," Gabriel said."I remember after throwing that pick, Coach Gus said, `We're going to win this thing.' And that just gave me confidence and it circled around. Just that belief that we built has been really showing."
UCF amassed 181 yards in the third quarter while its defense held Boise State to negative yardage and seven quarterback hurries. The Knights finished with 573 yards offense to 302 for the Broncos, who had only 20 yards rushing.
Bachmeier ran the Broncos' offense proficiently in the first half, throwing for 172 yards and a touchdown. He finished with 263 yards passing, two scores and an interception. His 7-yard score to Khalil Shakir gave Boise State a 31-30 lead with eight minutes remaining.
The game marked the debut of new head coaches for both teams, Malzahn, and Boise State's Andy Avalos.
GABRIEL GOES DOWN
With 4:16 remaining in the fourth, Gabriel scrambled left for the pylon and was hit out of bounds, causing him to be down for several moments. He re-entered the game.
Boise State: Last season, the Broncos ranked No. 2 in the FBS on third-down conversion defense and in the first half against the Knights they held UCF to 1 of 6. But in the second half, UCF was 8 of 11.
UCF: Against the Broncos, the Knights committed five penalties for 35 yards in the first half alone. Last season, UCF surrendered the second-most penalties in college football. They turned that around in the second half with just 15 penalty yards.
Boise State hosts UTEP on Sept. 10.
UCF hosts Bethune-Cookman on Sept. 11.
More AP college football: https://apnews.com/Collegefootball and https://twitter.com/AP-Top25
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JONATHAN HARRIS HEAD WALL PLAQUE
This is a wall hanging life-cast of Jonathan Harris made as a display piece. This is a 3/4 life-cast of Jonathan Harris that has been professionally restored. The origin of the original casting was from the "Lost in Space" episode - "The Space Destructors".
Smith finds an android-creating device and makes himself a set of conquering soldiers who look exactly like him, and dreams of conquering the galaxy. In trying to stop him, Will Robinson falls into the machine, and emerges with Smith's face and a lust for killing. This life mask is a full life size casting of the front 3/4 of Jonathan Harris's face.
The original casting was used to create special effects made for that episode. This restored version has both ears completely sculpted, and pore detail meticulously added for realism. The casting is made of U.S. Gypsum's White Hydrocal. There are some slight bubbles, but overall extremely "sharp" detail on this casting. It has a sturdy metal wire loop in the back for hanging on a wall.
Value: $200.
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Home Lost Creek Township, Vigo County, Indiana 1911 Newspaper article about an attempted assault on a teacher, Seelyville, Indiana
1911 Newspaper article about an attempted assault on a teacher, Seelyville, Indiana
TEACHER ATTACKED IN LONELY SCHOOL Young Miner Arrested by Officers on Charge and Bound Over to Grand Jury. ACCUSED CORROBORATED HER STORY WHEN FIRST ARRESTED When Arraigned in Court Pleads "Not Guilty" and Retains Attorneys to Fight Young Woman's Accusations. Otter Griffith, charged with assault and battery on Miss Bernard Laughlin a teacher in the school near Seelyville, with intent to commit crime, was arraigned before Judge Ball, in the city court Wednesday morning and entered a plea of not guilty. After a consultation with his father and Attorney Adrian Beecher for the defense, the accused agreed to be ready for the preliminary Friday afternoon. He was sent to jail in default of bond in the sum of $1,000. The school house at which the alleged assault took place is situated a short distance from Seelyville and Miss Bernice Laughlin is the teacher. Griffith had been out to one of the nearby mines, and was passing the school house on his way home about four o'clock. He said he stopped in the school house to warm, just after the children had been dismissed. He was there but a short time, when the children had all left the building, and then it was that he made the approaches to the teacher. Miss Laughlin made a desperate fight, and a scuffle followed, during which the woman was thrown to the floor. Her screams frightened the assailant and he abandoned the attempt and ran, when he saw some men passing near the school house. The young man carried an ax when he entered the building. As soon as Miss Laughlin could recover from the fright of the terrible experience, she gave the alarm and the young man was arrested by Marshal Shepherd Flint after he had boarded an interurban car. The woman walked as far as the Country club, when she became exhausted and was cared for by the wife of the man who is in charge of the club. city and went to her room at Fifteenth and Eagle streets. She was able to resume her school duties today. When brought to this city and to the police station the young man confessed and told a story substantially as given above. But after a talk with his father and attorney he changed his mind and will fight the charge. He is the son of James Jones, a farmer living south of Seelyville. The father is a man who has never been in any trouble and is well respected.
Title 1911 Newspaper article about an attempted assault on a teacher, Seelyville, Indiana
Description Black and white copy of a newspaper article about an attack on a Seelyville teacher by a coal miner.
Transcription TEACHER ATTACKED IN LONELY SCHOOL Young Miner Arrested by Officers on Charge and Bound Over to Grand Jury. ACCUSED CORROBORATED HER STORY WHEN FIRST ARRESTED When Arraigned in Court Pleads "Not Guilty" and Retains Attorneys to Fight Young Woman's Accusations. Otter Griffith, charged with assault and battery on Miss Bernard Laughlin a teacher in the school near Seelyville, with intent to commit crime, was arraigned before Judge Ball, in the city court Wednesday morning and entered a plea of not guilty. After a consultation with his father and Attorney Adrian Beecher for the defense, the accused agreed to be ready for the preliminary Friday afternoon. He was sent to jail in default of bond in the sum of $1,000. The school house at which the alleged assault took place is situated a short distance from Seelyville and Miss Bernice Laughlin is the teacher. Griffith had been out to one of the nearby mines, and was passing the school house on his way home about four o'clock. He said he stopped in the school house to warm, just after the children had been dismissed. He was there but a short time, when the children had all left the building, and then it was that he made the approaches to the teacher. Miss Laughlin made a desperate fight, and a scuffle followed, during which the woman was thrown to the floor. Her screams frightened the assailant and he abandoned the attempt and ran, when he saw some men passing near the school house. The young man carried an ax when he entered the building. As soon as Miss Laughlin could recover from the fright of the terrible experience, she gave the alarm and the young man was arrested by Marshal Shepherd Flint after he had boarded an interurban car. The woman walked as far as the Country club, when she became exhausted and was cared for by the wife of the man who is in charge of the club. city and went to her room at Fifteenth and Eagle streets. She was able to resume her school duties today. When brought to this city and to the police station the young man confessed and told a story substantially as given above. But after a talk with his father and attorney he changed his mind and will fight the charge. He is the son of James Jones, a farmer living south of Seelyville. The father is a man who has never been in any trouble and is well respected.
Subject Coal miners
Assault and battery -- Indiana -- Vigo County -- Seelyville
Item ID lct-webster-[1911 Seelyville Teacher Attacked]-00475
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Chinese Mitten Crab Facts
What is the Chinese Mitten Crab?
The Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) is a burrowing crab whose native distribution is the coastal rivers and estuaries of the Yellow Sea in Korea and China. It has recently become established on the west coast of the U.S. in the San Francisco Bay/Delta watershed in California, posing a potential threat to native invertebrates and to the ecological structure of freshwater and brackish estuarine communities, as well as disrupting some fish and shrimping operations. Although not currently present in the Pacific Northwest, scientists predict that, like the European green crab (Carcinus maenas), it is likely to arrive in Oregon and Washington eventually through larval dispersal or intentional release.
Note: It is illegal to import eggs or live specimens of any species of mitten crab (genus Eriocheir) to the United States under the Federal Lacey Act. It is also illegal to import, transport, or possess live Chinese mitten crabs in California, Washington, and Oregon.
What Does the Crab Look Like and Where Does It Live?
The main identifying features of the mitten crab are the dense patches of hairs on the white-tipped claws of larger juveniles and adults, hence the name mitten crab. The claws are equal in size, the shell (carapace) has four spines on either side, and reaches a width of approximately 3 inches (80 mm). The legs of the adult crab are generally more than twice as long as the width of the carapace. A catadromous species, the adults migrate downstream to reproduce in the brackish waters of estuaries. The females carry 250,000 to 1 million eggs until hatching, and both sexes die soon after reproduction. After a 1- to 2-month period as planktonic larvae, the small juvenile crabs settle out in salt or brackish water in late spring, then migrate, often long distances, to freshwater to rear. In China’s Yangtze River, mitten crabs have been reported 800 miles upstream from the Yellow Sea.
Mitten crabs are omnivores, eating both plants and animals. Juveniles eat primarily vegetation. As they mature, the crabs increasingly prey upon animals, especially small invertebrates including worms and clams. In California, adult crabs have become a major nuisance to anglers, taking a variety of baits ranging from ghost shrimp to shad. Predatory fishes, including sturgeon, striped bass and channel catfish, as well as bullfrogs, raccoons, river otters and wading birds may prey upon the crab.
Mitten crabs are adept walkers on land, and if blocked by dams, weirs or other obstructions during their migration, move readily across banks or levees to bypass them. In Germany, large numbers of mitten crabs left the water at night when they encountered an obstruction, and occasionally wandered the streets and entered houses. In California, mitten crabs have been found on roads and airport runways, in parking lots, yards and swimming pools.
A single male Japanese mitten crab (Eriocheir japonica) was caught in the Columbia River, Oregon in 1998. The species is very similar to the Chinese mitten crab currently found in California, and its presence was most likely the result of someone’s attempt to introduce it to the watershed.
A Successful Invader
The Chinese mitten crab has a long history as an invader. The crab was accidentally introduced to Germany in the early 1900s. In the 1920s and 1930s, the population exploded and the crabs rapidly expanded their distribution to many northern European rivers and estuaries. Most recently, the River Thames in England has experienced a population explosion of the crabs.
In 1992, commercial shrimp trawlers in southern San Francisco Bay collected the first mitten crabs on the West Coast. Since then, the mitten crab has spread rapidly, established in the San Francisco Bay, and spread to river areas upstream of the Delta. The most probable mechanism of introduction to the estuary was deliberate release to establish a fishery (in Asia, the mitten crab is a delicacy and crabs have been imported live illegally to markets in Los Angeles and San Francisco) or accidental release via ballast water.
Mitten crab population control has been attempted but there is little available information on the results. Mitten crab populations decreased in Europe in the late 1940s.
Why Should We Be Worried?
The mitten crab poses a potential human health threat. It is an intermediate host for the Oriental lung fluke, and mammals, including humans, can become infested by eating raw or poorly cooked mitten crabs. However, neither the lung fluke nor any of the freshwater snails that serve as the primary intermediate host for the fluke in Asia have been found in the Pacific Northwest or California.
An expanding mitten crab population poses several ecological, economic and human health threats. The mitten crab may have a profound effect on biological communities through predation and competition, and could change the structure of fresh and brackish water benthic invertebrate communities in areas they invade. Also of concern is potential predation on salmonid and sturgeon eggs and juveniles. In tidal areas, mitten crabs burrow into banks for protection from predators and desiccation during low tides. This burrowing activity may increase erosion and instability of levees and riverbanks. Mitten crabs, a host for the Oriental lung fluke, are also a human health concern. In addition, mitten crabs often inhabit areas that may contain high levels of contaminants. Bioaccumulation of contaminants could be transferred to predators, including humans.
In Europe, the most widely reported economic impact of mitten crabs has been damage to commercial fishing nets and to the catch when the crabs are caught in high numbers. In San Francisco Bay, removing the crabs from the nets has been time-consuming and costly to shrimp trawlers (one trawler has reported catching over 200 crabs in a single tow several times), damaging or killing the catch. Another significant problem in California has been the impact on diversion and fish salvage facilities. Mitten crabs have clogged pumps, screens, and intakes and have damaged and killed fish at salvage facilities associated with water diversions. With the declines in salmon and trout populations, any further disruption or damage to fish passage is a major concern.
What Other Information Is Available on Mitten Crab?
For more information about the mitten crab visit Smithsonian Environmental Research Center’s Mitten Crab Watch. You can find additional identification information from California Department of Fish and Game.
For general information on aquatic invasive species contact Jeff Adams, Washington Sea Grant, 360.337.4619, jaws@uw.edu.
If you find a mitten crab, please contact the appropriate government agency:
In Washington, http://www.invasivespecies.wa.gov/report.shtml
In Oregon, 1-866-INVADER http://oregoninvasiveshotline.org/
In California, https://www.wildlife.ca.gov/Conservation/Invasives/report
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Excitement builds around upcoming student spring film
Home » Features » Excitement builds around upcoming student spring film
Posted By Lauren Piercey on Jan 25, 2011
Within the next two weeks, auditions for a film from one of our very own will kick off.
Sophomore computer graphics design major Sadie Meador’s screenplay, Choice Decision (working title), was selected by UMHB’s film faculty for production of the spring film on campus.
Meador said the screenplay focuses on the life of a college student named Dan.
The character has reached a low point, failing grades and girl trouble included. Through the help of his fairy godfather, he comes to realize magic isn’t always all it’s cracked up to be.
Meador said her own life inspired the film.
“My relationship that I was in at the time and how I always wished I had a ‘fairy godfather’ to fix all of my own problems … unfortunately in real life we need to fix our troubles on our own,” she said.
The decision for the spring film took her by surprise.
“I could not believe that my screenplay was chosen. I was so excited. I had to call my mom and dad and of course tell all my friends. I am still in shock that mine was chosen,” Meador said.
She wants people to relate to the character, Dan.
Ashley Ramirez
“I hope that they will realize just how I did, that we can’t rely on quick fixes for our problems,” Meador said.
In the future she wants to get work in the movie industry.
“Screenwriting can be a fun process, but it can also be tiresome. I don’t think I’d like to continue creating screenplays, but what I’d really like to get into is editing the films themselves,” she said.
Senior communication major Ashley Ramirez has been involved with the spring film every year since coming to the university.
This year she is the student director. She said she loves the role, but it is not something she wants to do the rest of her life.
“I love being in charge and putting everything together. I think I would love to be a producer someday,” she said.
Step Rowe from Austin and Dan Parsons from Ohio are the only two outsiders who will help with the student-led production.
Ramirez likes the fact they give perspective to leaders’ positions.
“They are always showing us what our roles are. As director there are certain things I do and don’t do,” she said.
Ramirez will cooperate a lot with the other members of the team.
“I will be working really close with Parsons and Rowe … what shots to get and what to keep in the script and what to take out. I’ll also give the editors ideas of what I want to see,” she said.
Communication and media studies Professor Dr. Diane Howard said the spring film gives students some valuable experience.
“We begin in the fall semester in the screenwriting course in which each student produces a short screenplay. A short screenplay typically ranges from 10 pages to 30 pages or 10-30 minutes of screen time,” she said.
The film faculty encourages students to get their work out there and helps them do so.
“Our students who write screenplays are encouraged to submit their scripts to screenwriting competitions. Film faculty submits the Cru films that are produced at UMHB to film festivals,” Howard said.
Junior computer graphics design major Coley Taylor became involved in the film when he was asked to be the editor by his former College of Business Professor Donna Teel.
Taylor’s role will make the footage resemble a film.
“After all the footage is shot, I will be the one piecing it all together into the final project,” he said.
Taylor is excited about his participation.
“I’m looking forward to working with the great cast and crew … and getting some good, real-world experience in the video field,” he said.
Coley hopes to take his knowledge into the mission field.
“After school I am going to try to get into the missions documenting field … editing would be a large aspect of that,” he said.
For those interested in being a part of the spring film auditions for roles are planned for Feb. 7. Anyone wishing to audition must attend the kick-off event Jan. 31. at 5 p.m. in Brindley Auditorium.
For more information visit www.dianehoward.com/Spring_2011_Cru_Film_Projects.html.
Author: Lauren Piercey
Lauren is a senior Mass Communication/Journalism major with a minor in Art and English. She is from the extremely small town of Plantersville, TX where she grew up with her two younger sisters and an assortment of animals. She became the transitions page editor after finally caving into joining the staff. She loves writing and is confident God will help her find a job after graduation in May. She also enjoys cooking, reading and tripping over her own two feet.
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Bill de Blasio Elected Mayor in Sweeping Victory Over Joe Lhota
Bill de Blasio and his wife, Chirlane, celebrate his decisive victory over Joe Lhota Tuesday night. Kate Bubacz/The Forum Newsgroup
Landslide. Mandate. Triumph. Democrat Bill de Blasio won the mayoral election by a stunningly wide margin Tuesday night, defeating Republican Joe Lhota with a severe blow that many have said amounts to a citywide rebuke of Mayor Bloomberg’s policies.
The first new mayor in 12 years, de Blasio, the city’s public advocate and a former councilman from Brooklyn, pummeled Lhota, the former chairman of the Metropolitan Transportation Authority, in the polls, landing 73.6 percent of the vote following the Democrat’s campaign focusing on a promise to even the city’s financial playing field, which many have felt widen over the years.
Thousands of supporters swarmed the Park Slope armory where de Blasio held his victory party.
“My fellow New Yorkers, today you spoke out loudly and clearly for a new direction in our city, united by a belief that our city should leave no New Yorker behind,” de Blasio told a jubilant crowd at his campaign party in Park Slope Tuesday night. “…But let me be clear. Our work – all of our work – is really just beginning. And we have no illusions about the task that lies ahead. Tackling inequality isn’t easy; it never has been and never will be. The challenges we face have been decades in the making, and the problems we set out to address will not be solved overnight.”
While many have said that Lhota’s defeat has more to do with a repudiation of the mayor’s policies, including a frustration with aggressive policing, than with Lhota himself, the Republican stressed in his concession speech at the Gansevoort Park Avenue Hotel in Manhattan that crime is at a historic low at the end of Bloomberg’s tenure. After quieting the boos that erupted when Lhota brought up de Blasio’s name, the candidate expressed solidarity with the mayor-elect.
“We are one city,” he said. “We all want good paying jobs. We all want a strong quality of life. We want our city to move forward.
De Blasio’s sweeping victory followed a rapid rise in public opinion, with the candidate emerging from a packed field of primary election contenders – including Council Speaker Christine Quinn (D-Manhattan), once considered by many to be the next mayor, former Comptroller Bill Thompson, and former U.S. Rep. Anthony Weiner – as the front-runner who seemed to capture a city angry with income inequality, the NYPD’s stop and frisk program, and little in the way of affordable housing.
The de Blasio family walks onstage at the victory party in Brooklyn. De Blasio was joined by his son, Dante, wife Chirlane, and daughter Chiara at the soiree.
Following September’s primary, his campaign gained momentum and culminated when de Blasio was announced as the projected winner immediately after the polls cosed at 9 p.m. His victory was so inevitable that the only people in the Park Avenue Armory YMCA to cheer the results were the press corps. The doors opened shortly thereafter and about 2,000 well wishers, volunteers and community advocates from all backgrounds filed orderly into an area in front of the stage to await the new mayor.
“We have been with the campaign since the beginning,” said Jagajit Singh of Richmond Hill. “We want to see Bill cross the threshold and see him become mayor.”
Alison Sesso of Forest Hills, volunteered for the campaign in Queens and showed up to watch the results come in.
“I’m looking forward to the future,” she said. “There are a lot of issues in the city, and I think that he’s got the right vision to get us out.”
The mood in the room was patient, quiet even for a victory party for a campaign that had been far from certain as recently as August and has promised a sweeping change of pace in a city that some saw as turning into a playground for the well-off and well-connected.
Joel Giambra, a lobbyist from Buffalo, New York and a friend of Bill de Blasio’s who helped on his campaign said, “I think he’s going to shock a lot of people when he begins to govern from the middle.”
“There was Republican rule for a long time, and the people of New York City are ready for something different,” Giambra says.
Joe Lhota landed just 24.3 percent of the vote, though the Republican candidate had a large number of supporters in places like Maspeth, where he is pictured here meeting supporters at O’Neill’s. File Photo
Kevin Mckessey of East Flatbush, Brooklyn, said he was ready for that change to be made. McKessey had volunteered for de Blasio’s campaign when he has running for public advocate, but volunteered for Comptroller and former Democratic mayoral candidate John Liu during the primary campaign. He supports de Blasio, but said, “I hope that he can keep his promises with the minority populations, getting them better access to education and jobs and community-based programs.”
People from throughout the city also gathered to support Lhota, and, as Journey’s “Don’t Stop Believing” blared from the sound speakers,
As Journey’s “Don’t Stop Believing” blared from the sound speakers for Lhota’s introduction at his campaign party, supporters conceded that their candidate’s defeat could stem from an anti-Bloomberg sentiment.
“It might be anti-Bloomberg, I don’t know,” Lhota supporter Jason Lerman said. “It’s tough for one party to win six terms in a row.”
Tania Gartenberg attended the event wearing a black shirt emblazoned with “Team Lhota” in bright pink under her left shoulder. The Manhattan resident was not surprised by the final result, but she was still upset, a little bitter.
“He’s going to be a one-term mayor,” Gartenberg said of de Blasio. “I remember what the city was like 20 years ago. I remember when my friend’s dad was shot. I liked everything (Lhota) stood for.”
Crime was also on fellow Manhattan resident Lerman’s mind.
“De Blasio represents a turn back from all the progress we made,” he said. “We’re a safe city by design, by the policies put in place.”
Shortly after 10:30 p.m., the new mayor joined his wife, Chirlane, and childen, Ciara and Dante, on stage. After thanking the crowd, he acknowledged that the changes sought in the campaign will be slow in coming – but promised it would arrive.
“I’ve spoken often about a tale of two cities,” de Blasio said. “That inequality – that feeling of a few doing very well, while so many slip further behind – that is the defining challenge of our time. Because inequality in New York is not something that only threatens those who are struggling.”
The theme of two different cities resonated well with the diverse crowd listening intently to de Blasio’s victory speech, and he echoed their concerns, repeatedly saying that by tackling these differences, “that’s how we all rise together”.
“The best and the brightest are born in every neighborhood,” he said. ”We all have a shared responsibility – and a shared stake – in making sure their destiny is defined by how hard they work and how big they dream, not by their zip code.”
“I will never forget that as mayor, I work for you.”
By Kate Bubacz and Ben Kleine
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Leaving Landon
May 27, 2014 | by D.B. Riego
In January 2010, the stars aligned1 and I attended Landon Donovan’s debut at Goodison Park during his first stint with EPL’s Everton FC. Back in Europe after a less than fruitful early-career stint in Germany and six months before the shot heard ’round the world, Landon Donovan was on his way back. Donovan’s successful winter in Liverpool and his heroics in the World Cup set the stage and expectations for the next four years into high gear. And then, halfway through, burnout.
Fast forward to May 21st, 2014. Landon Donovan has returned to soccer, has returned to the US Men’s National Team and has re-emerged triumphant on the pitch. Grantland’s Noah Davis offers a prospectus on the future of American soccer, a prospectus that includes Landon Donovan even if only as a bridge from America’s mediocre football past to its seemingly bright future.
Bridges, oh how they burn.
On May 22nd, 2014, Jurgen Klinsmann’s 2014 World Cup roster is announced, and one name is notably missing. In an instant, the man who has scored more World Cup goals than Lionel Messi, Christiano Ronaldo, and Robin van Persie combined, more international goals than any US player in history, and more MLS goals than any other player in the league’s relatively young history is left to watch the World Cup at home like the rest of us.
I won’t pretend that I follow US Soccer with any more than passing glances at box scores and occasional forays into soccer blog rabbit holes. I love watching World Cup soccer, though, and for all of my adult life that has meant watching Landon Donovan. I have to admit, I took the news of Donovan’s exclusion from the roster like a punch in the stomach. I think we all did. The idea, the opportunity for one last hurrah; a farewell, of sorts, for Donovan on football’s biggest stage was just too good to ignore.
Donovan deserves his farewell, as much as anyone deserves such a thing, and I still believe he earned a place on this roster. But as much as Donovan deserves our respect and adoration, so too does Klinsmann deserve the right to build his team his way. I don’t have to agree with every Klinsmann decision to love what he’s doing and how he’s shaping the future of American soccer. This one stings, but I know this decision can’t take away what Landon has given us and I’m excited about what is still yet to come.
A close friend graduating from Durham University, his dad a lifelong Everton fan, and serendipitous timing.↩
SBNation: Why Landon Donovan’s Legacy Couldn’t Carry Him to the World Cup
Grantland: The Landon Donovan Decision
Slate: Why Jurgen Klinsmann Never Trusted Landon Donovan
Raleigh & Co.: Thank You, Landon
Hoosiers
R.I.P. Maya Angelou
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Immigrant's family in US hopes he can leave church
DENVER (AP) — The family of a Mexican immigrant living in a Colorado church to avoid deportation hopes he will be home in time for Christmas.
Arturo Hernandez’s wife on Friday said meetings with immigration officials in Washington have given her hope her husband will be able to leave the church. He would qualify for President Obama’s deportation relief if he didn’t have an already-active deportation case.
Ana Sauzameda and her two children were part of a group of religious leaders and families seeking shelter from deportation in churches that flew to Washington this week to lobby for wider leniency from the Obama administration.
The president last month said his administration would permit as many as 4 million immigrants living here illegally with U.S. citizen children to stay in the country and work. But many immigrants who at first blush may qualify will slip through the cracks. Hernandez, from the state of Chihuahua in Mexico, could be one of them because of his four-year-old deportation case.
It stems from an assault charge that Hernandez was acquitted of at trial. But it prevents Hernandez from qualifying for deportation relief that Sauzameda and their oldest daughter both can receive. The couple’s youngest daughter, age 9, is already a U.S. citizen.
The state’s three Democratic congressional representatives have urged the Obama administration to let Hernandez, who fled to the church in October after immigration officials issued a final deportation order, to stay in the country.
On Friday, Sauzameda said she was heartened by the attention that officials in Washington and Denver have given the case and that she remains hopeful.
Arturo Hernandez
Source Article from http://news.yahoo.com/immigrants-family-us-hopes-leave-church-233524726.html
http://news.yahoo.com/immigrants-family-us-hopes-leave-church-233524726.html
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Norman Zempel
Norman J. Zempel, 64, of Augusta, WI, passed away at Mayo Clinic Health System in Eau Claire on Saturday afternoon August 28, 2021, from complications due to COVID-19.
Norman James Zempel was born August 11, 1957, to Erwin and Beverly (Krenz) Zempel. He was raised with his 3 siblings in the Foster, WI, area where he attended Foster Elementary School and graduated from Osseo-Fairchild High School in 1975. While in school he enjoyed his involvement with the high school band and was highly recognized for his accomplishments on the trumpet. Following his graduation he started with Bush Brothers Canning Company in Augusta, where he was employed until ill health forced his retirement in 2020.
Norman’s love for his family and his Lord and Savior fulfilled his life. He was united in marriage to Jeri Ann Haskins on April 2, 1977, at the United Church of Christ in Osseo. The couple lived all their married life in Augusta and the Lord blessed this union with two children. He was a positive influence on their lives and after the birth of his granddaughters he participated in their lives as much as he could. He followed the older ones in their sporting and school events and looked forward to just being grandpa to the younger 2.
Throughout the years Norman was allowed many avenues to share the word of his loving Savior. He had taught Sunday school at Grace Lutheran Church in Augusta and also with the Augusta Assembly of God. He was an active member of the Assembly’s Worship Team and looked forward to each Sunday participating with the music before services. For several years he lead worship services each Sunday morning for the residents of the Augusta Nursing Home and Augusta Nursing and Rehabilitation. He truly loved the residents that he shared the word with through his sermons and the songs he played on his guitar. He also helped out from time to time on the home's weekly Thursday devotions. For relaxation he was an avid catch and release bass fisherman, Green Bay Packer fan, golfer and deer hunter.
Norman will be dearly and deeply missed by Jeri, his loving wife of 44 years; son, Tom and Heidi Zempel of Maplewood, MN; daughter, Jamie and Joe Barone of Cadott; 4 granddaughters, Isabella and Emma Barone, Ophelia and Delilah Zempel; mother Beverly Zempel of Eagan, MN; brother Brian Zempel of Osseo; 2 sisters, Sandra Zempel and Lisa Wincek both of Eagan, MN; nephew Nick Vasquez (Josh Marell); brothers and sisters-in-law, Iris (Rod) Teigen of Augusta, James Haskins, Rebecca (Duke) Lee, Kristi (Steve) Chowanec, Tamara (Richard) Haas all of Osseo and their families.
Norm was preceded in death by his father Erwin Zempel on Dec. 17, 2013; and father and mother-in-law, Morris and Vera Haskins.
A visitation will be held Sunday, September 5, 2021, from 3:00 p.m. to 6:00 at the Anderson Funeral Home in Augusta.
The family request that all covid restrictions and regulations be followed during the visitation. Masks and social distancing will be required.
Graveside services with burial will be held at a later date in St. Peter’s Lutheran Cemetery in Foster, WI.
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How SMEs can afford the move to low-emission fleet vehicles
Large businesses are helping the UK lead the way in terms of the adoption of alternative fuels, but SMEs are proving much slower to embrace the change. The price tag is a major factor. So how can these firms manage the cost of switching to low-emission vehicles? Alternative finance can help.
The new edition of the Arval Mobility Observatory has revealed that only 22% of firms with 10-99 employees have integrated hybrids, plug-ins hybrids or electric vehicles into their fleets. The ratio is even smaller for companies with fewer than 10 employees, at 5%. This is in sharp contrast to 78% of businesses with over 1,000 employees.
The difference in adoption rates isn’t surprising – larger organizations have more resources, more structured fleet strategies and more clearly defined corporate responsibility and sustainability targets to meet. However, as the UK’s status as a leader in the adoption of alternative fuels suggests, the opportunity for SMEs to invest in newer fleet vehicles and alternative fuels is there.
So, what is stopping SMEs integrating more low-emission vehicles into their fleets?
Cost has to be a major factor. Small businesses have to manage the financial implications of a raft of policy and non-policy costs, relating to the likes of auto-enrolment pension schemes, GDPR compliance, minimum wage reform, late payment, business rates and cybersecurity. At the same time, they are having to battle the impact of prolonged market weakness. As a result, raising capital for investment is far from straightforward.
There is where alternative finance can help.
In the wake of extended caution from traditional lenders, the likes of invoice finance, asset finance, peer-to-peer lending and crowdfunding are redrawing the small business funding landscape. These facilities, which offer a more personalised approach to lending, are helping small businesses grow. They are providing them with access to capital, on an affordable and flexible basis, to help manage cash flow and for essential investment.
This is how a Sussex small business used peer-to-peer lending, through a commercial finance broker that specialises in alternative finance, to raise the capital to invest in new resources.
Big businesses are helping the UK set an example in terms of the adoption of alternative fuels and it is important that SMEs are also part of this pioneering trend, not least as these firms operate a significant number of company cars. As laws change and regulations tighten, SMEs will have to invest. To help them manage the costs, business owners need to be aware of all the funding options available to them, including alternative finance.
To find out more about A&T Business Associates services, contact Steve Bowles on 01903 602211 or steve.bowles@atbusinessassociates.co.uk.
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Clever Bulletin
Bulletin that make you think
Britney Spears 'Will Crash and Burn on X Factor' (PICS)
BRITNEY Spears‘ bid to be an X Factor judge is doomed to failure, say sources close to the former pop princess.
Britney is currently in negotiations to join Simon Cowell on the panel of the US version of The X-Factor.
But sources close to the troubled singer fear she could be heading for disaster.
“Britney would be a ticking time bomb on a show like that,” reveals one source.
“Unless what she says is heavily scripted, she could struggle. There is no telling what she might come out with on live TV left to her own devices.
“She’s a sweet girl but sometimes she struggles to be spontaneous. She certainly would struggle to be a sharp as someone like Simon Cowell.”
Previous reports claimed Spears wants $20 million to be on the show.
“The timing is perfect. Brit would love to connect with fans on a weekly basis and loves working on TV after several guest appearances on the sitcom How I Met Your Mother,” a source said.
Labels: BRITNEY SPEARS
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