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EXCLUSIVE – ALTAAR INTERVIEW
Simon Rushworth 23rd April 2013
Withtheir crushing self titled debut album, released earlier this year, Norwegian outfit Altaar pulled doom into a new dimension and gained much critical acclaim in the process.
And while the quintet may have cut their teeth in hardcore punk and extreme metal bands, including JR Ewing and Obliteration, life in the slow lane seems to be working out… as founder, guitarist and vocalist Andreas Tylden explained to Richard Holmes.
rushonrock: Your first release, Dødsønske, was cassette-only and built up a real buzz for Altaar in the underground – why choose to promote your music in this way?
Andreas Tylden: When Dødsønske was released, Altaar was just a solo project with myself playing all the instruments, recorded in my living room and with limited access to proper equipment. I had just started out working with this project after my former band had split up, and wanted a physical format to hand out to friends in the underground – going back to roots, totally DIY with handmade covers, the cassette format and the whole lot. At that time Altaar wasn’t too serious and was more like a hobby exploring, for me, new musical territories.
rushonrock: The new album, Altaar, was very well received by the press on its release in February – has the reaction to it surprised you at all?
AT: We are all totally overwhelmed by the response and did not expect that at all, being a debut album, as it were. It has been received well all over Europe and the UK, which did come as a surprise. ?I am very grateful and do not take anything for granted. It’s a bit weird because I used to tour the shit out of a band to build up momentum. With Altaar we haven’t played that much live yet, except for a handful of shows in Norway and a few handpicked shows in Europe and the US.
rushonrock: Many of Altaar’s members have a background in punk and hardcore, including yourself – so what attracted you to doom?
AT: I have played in many different styles of bands: punk, hardcore, heavy metal, black metal and even 60s freakbeat. When starting new projects I always try to do something new and never repeat myself. I’ve always had great love for doom metal in all its forms. I must admit though, seeing the Japanese band Corrupted play a (close to) three hour long set in London some years ago convinced me to worship doom even more in Altaar and evolve our sound further to what became the album.
rushonrock: Which musicians have been your main influences, both inside and outside the doom/drone scene?
AT: I guess you really can’t hear it musically, but in state of mind and mood we are very much influenced by late 60s psych bands such as The Attack, The Byrds, The Move and Les Fleur De Lys, and of course early prog, such as the first albums by Yes, Emerson, Lake And Palmer and King Crimson. I like to think that the band performs like a contemporary doom band, while sound-wise we try, or at least, want, to sound like those bands from that golden period. The entire record was recorded with a Rickenbacker 12 string, old Vox amps and a Slingerland drumkit from 1971, not to go all trendy and ‘garage’,but in order to capture a certain essence and to capture our wide range of influences.
rushonrock: Your music has a lot of ‘space’ in it, rather than just featuring riff after riff – why do you use that approach and what do you think it brings to Altaar?
AT: I don’t know what it brings to Altaar because it simply IS Altaar. I guess it’s a cliche, but when I started writing the material it all came very naturally. I didn’t plan to make long songs at all. When we play the record live it feels like 10 minutes – and at the same time like an eternity. This is the ‘space’ you are talking about, I believe. However, we did have to consider structure and radically rethink dramaturgy in order to making it interesting. I’ve said this before in other interviews, but it is always important to keep the listener in mind as well as ourselves as performers when making music that is demanding on several levels. On that note it is also very important for us to create moods rather than, as you say, a riff in its traditional sense.
rushonrock: Renowned Norwegian illustrator Sverre Malling collaborated with you on the artwork for Altaar –why did you use him?
AT: He sort of chose us! He is a friend of ours and we feel very honoured as he is one of Norway’s most prominent artists. His drawings are simply brilliant and the actual cover fits very well with the music; the abstract versus the solid, those two obscure figures versus the two songs on the album, all thedetails when you take a closer look, and the references…
rushonrock: Are you currently working on any new material, and if so, how will it differ to the two ‘movements’ on Altaar?
AT: I already have lots of new material for the next record. Hopefully we will start recording early next year. I have no idea how it will turn out, but want to explore the idea of doing shorter songs and experiment with tempo and mood even further. Also, back to your initial question, the only negative reaction to the (current) record is that it’s too short, so I guess the second ‘difficult’ album will have to be a double album, then!
rushonrock: How does your music transfer to a live environment, and what do you feel is the best way to experience it?
AT: I love playing live and Altaar definitely need to be experienced live. In the past we did a lot of experimentation and improvisation and were nervous about how the new material would turn out live, but it works very well. Normally we project images and/or film while playing and use a lot of candles and incense. To us it’s more like a ritual rather than a ‘traditional’ rock show.
rushonrock: Are you planning any shows in the UK at all, and if so, what can fans expect?
AT: Nothing’s planned as of yet, but I’d really love to play the UK again. We book our own shows, so get in touch! What to expect? I don’t know – it’s going to be loud and heavy, but also mellow and calm: an orgy of sound, colour and emotion.
2013albumAltaarAndreasBandExclusiveinterviewnewTylden
Previous ArticleREVIEW – SAXON & THE QUIREBOYS
Next ArticleREVIEW – VINNIE CARUANA
REVIEW – SLABDRAGGER
Richard Holmes 4th March 2016
INTERVIEW – LACUNA COIL
BOY TRACERS
EXCLUSIVE – ED KOWALCZYK INTERVIEW
REVIEW – TELLISON
EXCLUSIVE – DAN REED INTERVIEW
Simon Rushworth 5th March 2013
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Dec-12-2012 12:40 TweetFollow @OregonNews
Details in the Deadly Clackamas Mall Shooting
Sergeant Adam Phillips with the Clackamas County Sheriff's Office offers this update of the tragic event.
Cindy Ann Yuille, age 54, a resident of northeast Portland and Steven Mathew Forsyth, age 45, of West Linn
(CLACKAMAS, OR) - Following are new details on yesterday's active-shooter incident at Clackamas Town Center -- including victim names, suspect details, photos, event chronology, list of participating agencies and mental-health resources.
The Clackamas County Sheriff's office has released the names of the two individuals killed in this attack. They are: - Cindy Ann Yuille, age 54, a resident of northeast Portland and
- Steven Mathew Forsyth, age 45, of West Linn The third victim -- Kristina Shevchenko, a juvenile -- survived the attack and is now being treated for her injuries at OHSU's trauma center. She is listed in serious condition at this writing.
STATEMENT FROM THE FORSYTH FAMILY:
"Steven Mathew Forsyth was a loving husband, father of two children, son, brother, uncle, youth sports coach and friend to the many people who had the privilege to meet him.
"Steve was one of the most passionate people with a true entrepreneurial spirit that drove him to start his business, Coastoms. He had a great sense of humor and a zest for life. He had vision and a belief in others that brought great joy and value to many lives.
"He will be sorely missed by all who knew him.
The family asks that the media respect their desire for privacy as they grieve their loss. They will not be granting any interviews."
STATEMENT FROM THE YUILLE FAMILY:
"Cindy was everybody's friend. She was a wonderful person who was very caring and put others first.
"The family has advised us they want time and space to grieve their loss and will not be giving interviews at this time.
"The family will make a statement at an unspecified later date through the Sheriff's Office."
SUSPECT NAME / DETAILS
Shooter: Jacob Tyler Roberts
The suspect in this case: Jacob Tyler Roberts, was born March 6, 1990.
Based on evidence gathered thus far, it appears the suspect died of a self-inflicted gunshot wound.
Additional information about Mr. Roberts:
- During this attack, the suspect was armed with an AR-15 semi-automatic rifle.
- The rifle was stolen yesterday from a person known to the suspect.
- At the time of the attack, Roberts was wearing a load-bearing vest -- NOT a bulletproof vest, as has been reported.
- He was also wearing a hockey-style face mask.
- We have not yet established how many shots Mr. Roberts fired during the attack, although we believe he was carrying a large amount of ammunition.
After the Sheriff's Office identified Jacob Roberts as the suspect in this case, deputies executed search warrants on his home -- located at 7324 SE 84th Avenue in Portland, Oregon -- and on his vehicle, a 1996 Volkswagen Jetta found in the Clackamas Town Center parking lot. Results of these search warrants are not being revealed at this writing.
At this writing, investigators have not determined a motive -- but it appears that there was no prior relationship between the suspect and his victims.
BASIC EVENT CHRONOLOGY
At 3:29 p.m. on Tuesday, Dec. 12, we received multiple 9-1-1 calls reporting an active shooter at Clackamas Town Center.
Our first unit arrived on-scene 1 minute later, at 3:30 p.m.
Once on scene, deputies initiated an "active shooter protocol" -- a technique developed to deal with precisely this type of threat. In this protocol, rather than waiting for a SWAT team to deploy, individual officers are trained to form up in teams as they arrive and move immediately to engage the threat. This involves officers from different agencies being thrown together on short notice. Law-enforcement personnel on-scene executed this protocol to the highest standard.
Personnel were well-prepared for this incident because they had practiced active-shooter techniques at Clackamas Town Center earlier this year.
At this writing, investigators believe the suspect moved through the mall in the following manner:
Prior to beginning his attack, the suspect parked his vehicle in the mall's south lot, near Macy's. He then moved north on foot through Macy's towards the food court. He then opened fire, fatally wounding two victims. Crime Scene Investigators also found indications of additional bullet strikes throughout the food court area.
Next, the suspect is believed to have moved east -- past the Macy's Home Store and into a service stairwell.
Moving down onto the lower floor of the mall, he continued east towards JC Penney's, where he was found dead by responding law-enforcement personnel -- 22 minutes after the first 911 call.
At some point during this attack, the suspect wounded his third victim, Kristina Shevchenko, a juvenile. Shevchenko managed to exit the mall near REI, where law-enforcement personnel contacted her and began rendering medical assistance.
MALL CLOSURE UPDATE
It is the Sheriff's Office's understanding at this writing that Clackamas Town Center will be closed at least through the end of the day today (Wednesday, Dec. 12). Check the mall's website, www.clackamastowncenter.com, for additional details on when the mall will re-open -- as well as mall personnel's plans to return personal items abandoned by shoppers during the incident.
After the mall opens again for business, the Sheriff's Office and mall personnel are planning for extra patrols.
ADDITIONAL WITNESSES SOUGHT
UPDATE w/ NEW NUMBER: Any witnesses to the shooting incident should now call our Tip Line (503-723-4949) to make reports.
THANKS TO ASSISTING PERSONNEL
The Sheriff's Office would like to thank all of our local, state and federal law enforcement and emergency-services partners for their extraordinary efforts in this case. Several neighboring jurisdictions -- including Oregon City and Woodburn -- made the decision to send all of their on-duty officers to the scene.
Even after it was determined the suspect was deceased, this extraordinary level of cooperation and support continued -- allowing the Sheriff's Office to move ahead rapidly with this investigation.
The Sheriff's Office would also like to acknowledge Clackamas Town Center for their prompt and effective response to this crisis. By having a plan in place and implementing it in a timely manner, they helped protect the lives of their customers and employees.
Participating agencies in this incident response included:
- Police officers from Portland, Milwaukie, Gladstone, Oregon City, Canby, West Linn, Lake Oswego, Molalla, Woodburn and Sandy
- Oregon State Police
- FBI
- ATF
- Portland Transit Police
- Clackamas Fire District #1
- AMR
- C-COM
- The Portland CSI and Oregon State Police crime laboratories
CRISIS HELP AVAILABLE FROM CLACKAMAS COUNTY
Clackamas County Crisis Services provides 24-hour help for people experiencing a mental health crisis. Citizens experiencing a mental health crisis can call the Clackamas County Crisis Line 24-hours a day, 7 days a week and speak to a crisis counselor at 503-655-8585.
Special thanks to the Clackamas County Sheriff's Office
Tweet Follow @OregonNews
Clackamas | Oregon | Shooting | Most Commented on
Anonymous December 14, 2012 2:36 am (Pacific time)
Typical liberals bull. Feel sorry for the suspect and the hell with the victims and the families. I am sure anonymous feels sorry for every dirt bag in prison. Off course, it's not their fault, blame it on everybody else. Sound familiar? Blame Bush on everything. Now I can hear the progressive. Gun control, peace, throw away the guns, toys for guns, hold hands and sing kum ba ya. Pathetic
Anonymous December 12, 2012 6:17 pm (Pacific time)
The suspect? What a dumb ass!
He is a militant but I feel very sorry the suspect and his family.
Articles for December 11, 2012 | Articles for December 12, 2012 | Articles for December 13, 2012
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Week starting May 31, 2015
Nike Double Stroller Miles: 2.20 White Crocs 1 Miles: 38.08
Night Sleep Time: 27.00 Nap Time: 3.50 Total Sleep Time: 30.50
Night Sleep Time: 8.00 Nap Time: 2.50 Total Sleep Time: 10.50
Mon, Jun 01, 2015
Total of 12. Kids ran their usual distances. My Motoactv watch that I had for a couple of years has a problem - the the frame with the buttons disconnected from the motherboard. Probably easy to fix for a handy guy, and there might be a chance I could fix it, but I do not have the time. It still boots, so I could get today's workout from it, but I decided not to bother since it was an easy run. Pushed the stroller for 2.2, then had Benjamin push it for another little less than 2 miles. Replacing Motoactv with a Chinese SVP phone watch for now, it can also run Fast Running Friend, we'll see how long it lasts. I know it does not like water, it got retired when Benjamin took a shower with it a couple of years ago and the touch screen stopped working. But then it dried out and started to work again.
Total of 12. Usual distances for the kids. Did a workout with Benjamin, 8x300 uphill - 3-6% grade with a 500 meter recovery jog. I did all of mine in 58-59 range. Benjamin varied between 49 and 53, with most of them being around 50. Then we did an 800 on a rolling downhill which breaks the rhythm enough that I have never been able to run faster on that stretch than I do on the track/flat road. I got 2:32.6, Benjamin got 2:18. My Motoactv broke in after the first repetition, so I borrowed Jenny's watch to time the rest of the workout. Considered replacing the Motoactv with another, but then remembered that I had an SVP phone watch, so will use it for as long as it lasts.
White Crocs 1 Miles: 12.08
First workout recorded by the Chinese phone watch. Usual 12. Kids ran their usual distances.
With Benjamin - odd distance due to pressing the wrong button.
With Benjamin, Joseph, and Jacob. Pushed Matthew and Mary in the stroller.
Usual 12. Kids ran their usual distances. The Chinese phone watch is holding together.
Fri, Jun 05, 2015
Total of 12. Benjamin did full 12 today. Joseph and Jacob did 2, William 1, Stephen 1, Jenny and Julia 2 - lower mileage tapering for the track meet tomorrow for some kids. Benjamin and I did a 5 mile tempo run at the end of 12 from a magic spot in the canyon to the house - so 3 fast miles, 1 more rolling down mile, and 1 uphill mile. He got 26:30 at a fairly even pace, last uphill mile in 5:21. I got 28:50 with the last mile in 5:59. This workout shows that he has a good shot at earning his driver's license (sub-1:10) at the Utah Valley Half.
Sat, Jun 06, 2015
Total of 14 in two runs. Benjamin and I went on a young men's campout. So our mileage was reduced. We ran only 8. When the quality of the sleep goes down mileage needs to be adjusted - bad things happen when you do not.
Then I took Jenny, Julia, Joseph, Jacob, and William to the Utah USATF State Championship. They all ran 1500 meter. Joseph won his age division 9-10 in 5:21.20. Splits 84,85,88 and 64 for the last 300. Jacob was second in 9-10 division with 5:28.46 - splits 84,88,89, and 1:07 for the last 300. William was 3rd in 8 and under (he is turning 7 in October) with 6:40.16. Splits - 96, 1:56, next 300 in 1:28, and the last 400 in 1:50. I messed up on William's 1200 split because I was watching Joseph and Jacob - they put 10 and under in the same heat, so I had three sons in the same heat. Then two daughters. At least not all five at once.
Jenny ran 5:54.02 finishing second in 15-16 division, splits 90, 96, 98 and 70 for the last 300. Julia ran 6:21.23, 5th in 13-14 division - splits 96,1:46,1:47, and 72 for the last 300.
Mile conversions - Joseph 5:47, Jacob - 5:55, Jenny - 6:23, Julia - 6:52, William - 7:14. Joseph, Jacob, and Jenny got track mile PR equivalents. William was off by 4 seconds, but this is pretty much what I was expecting. This was his first track race, so it was unlikely that he would be able to pace himself correctly. He started by running a 400 PR - so given that it is pretty good that he was near Dad and brothers near perfectly paced time trial mile time.
Leg 1:Distance8.000Time1:00:18.00Pace7:32.25
Stephen's mile record.
Alone. Got drenched in the rain.
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Art, Film, Fashion + Photography
Humor + Gift
Toys + Collectibles
Cooking + Cocktails
Americana + Nostalgia
La Luz de Jesus Press
Home > Books + Literature > A Witch's Bestiary: Visions of Supernatural Creatures
A Witch's Bestiary delves through ancient mythological records and esoteric occult sources to encounter and catalog the denizens of the unknown. It takes the reader on a journey through the most fantastical tales of animals previously known to only a precious few. These supernatural beasts are strange reflections of the true nature of humanity and deserve intense study, lest we forget our primitive origins and the animals that live in us all.
This Chthonic adventure digs through both subconscious and conscious awareness, guiding us through suppressed instinctual emotions and feelings. The lessons of the animals from these ancient stories deepen our engagement with the earth, nature, and the living beings of our planet. A keen knowledge of these tales provides a weapon against missteps in our modern-day lives. Once you better acquaint yourself with these strangely familiar mythological beasts, you will understand how they inhabit every person you meet.
Maja D’Aoust is a Scholar of Alchemy and Occult lore whose interest in Alchemy and the Esoteric Occult sciences spans her entire lifetime. After completing her Bachelor’s Degree in Biochemistry, Maja studied Oriental Medicine and acupuncture and later earned her Master’s degree in Transformational Psychology with a focus on Shamanism, the I Ching and ancestors in her Thesis work. Maja is the co-author of the book "The Secret Source" with Adam Parfrey and was the co-host of the radio show “Expanding Mind” with Erik Davis. Maja has published a Tarot deck called "The White Witch Tarot" though Red Feather press. Maja Lectures occasionally on mysterious topics in Los Angeles, and educates the public community through her non-profit, The Well Wishers, which she established with Dr. Kelvin DeWolfe.
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540 – Jerry is Committed
by Brock Heasley on October 2nd, 2013
Atomic Fly and Raptor X are two of the newer Fogeys introduced during this alien invasion super arc, but I already kind of love them. Atomic Fly in particular. I know introducing new characters to such a long-running story with an established cast can be problematic, but hopefully you guys are enjoying these little peeks at the “rabble” who surround our heroes (and villains).
ALERT! Because of NYCC (go see him and say hi! details coming) and family matters, Marc will be taking a couple weeks off starting October 7th. But… I don’t want to leave you guys high and dry. For two weeks only, I’m gonna return to art duties for some extra special strips that take place outside of the current story in a unique way. What does that mean? You’ll find out.
└ Tags: atomic fly, el mago extrano, jerry, raptor x, soviet sam, spy gal, war room
Nov 11, 13 547 – Lashing Out
Oct 12, 11 354 – Snap Out of It!
Dec 9, 06 58 – Jerry’s Single Chest Hair
Apr 4, 12 The SuperFogeys 2012 Teaser
Mar 28, 18 775 – Raging Percy
October 2, 2013 at 1:33 am | # | Reply
It’s sad that Origins don’t continue, because for example Soviet Sam’s origin really established him as a character and we could accept him more easily to the main storyline.
I read week ago Ibsen’s Wild Duck which kinda had same theme as today’s strip in Jerry’s mind. Good times.
October 2, 2013 at 3:35 pm | # | Reply
I’m bummed about Origins, too. It just seemed like one of those things most people weren’t enjoying as much as the regular strip and that kind of robbed me of the enthusiasm I once had for the project. I’d love to bring it back, but with the exception of a few like yourself, I just don’t think it’s something people are that excited about.
I was disappointed by Origins being discontinued as well. I’m sure the number of times I’ve referenced “The Death of Mr. Crook” was probably a clue. It was delightful to get a glimpse of the characters in the past and I thought it really helped flesh out their relationships.
I couldn’t echo your sentiments more, Andrew. They were a huge help for me as a storyteller as well.
Bender_Sastre
Perhaps an explicit explanation of “third man”? I mean, there’s more than one way to interpret that moniker.
Too true. And, judging by the comments today, you’re not the only one who is still stumped by it.
So… in the interest of alleviating a frustration I never intended… Jerry is basically three men. He’s Jerry, he’s Dr. Klein and he’s a third man, The Third Man.
I think it maybe one of things that’s so simple that it’s easy to miss. It was intended as an early clue to not let your suspicions about Dr. Klein rest with SF 100, when it was revealed he was The Third Man. Everyone missed it (which is actually a good thing because it would have kind of ruined the story if people had figured it out way back then).
Poor Atomic Fly, he’s slow on the uptake isn’t he ?
Also, it’s great seeing the original writer/artist return just in time for a late anniversary celebration.
I like Scott’s theory about Atomic Fly below.
I hope my return to art chores lives up to expectations! We’ll find out together.
gnrrrg
At least Jerry seemed to appreciate Atomic Fly finally catching on.
Yes! He did!
Even though Spidey’s not traditionally depicted as an idiot, I get a “Spider-Man” vibe from the Atomic Fly. I can picture him sounding younger than the rest and feigning stupidity for laughs.
Scott, this is basically how I see Atomic Fly. And, like Spider-Man, he’s good-natured about it. He’s not making fun to make others feel bad. He’s just constantly amused–and he’s especially amused that not everyone has caught on to what he’s doing. He loves playing the fool.
Kayjay
October 2, 2013 at 12:42 pm | # | Reply
Now I feel dumb because I didn’t really make the third man connection as a literal name until just now either. The Atomic Fly had to point it out to me
See my response to Bender up there. Don’t feel bad. You’re not the only one!
Ok. I’M feeling dumb because I still don’t get the connection!
Someone explain, please?
See my response to Bender up above. You are not alone!
Fly on the wall! I love it!
Credit to Marc for the visual and behavior of Atomic Fly. Thanks, Jesse!
Oh, Jerry, *Insert obligatory Egypt related denial joke here* Today’s strip illustrates just how out of touch with reality Jerry has become and – Wait, Jerry’s third persona is just called “The Third Man” because it’s the third one? All that time I spent on my theory he was possessed by Zombie Orson Welles! *sob* I guess I go shred those files now . . .
Well, the INITIAL inspiration for the Third Man and look did come from the Orson Welles movie… so you may be on to something.
Chris Blanchard
I love Jerry’s “At last, someone appreciates’ my genius” smile.
October 4, 2013 at 11:11 am | # | Reply
I’m telling you – just end him. Solve a whole lot of problems.
HatMan
Silly as it is. My first reaction was to turn my head to read Atomic Fly’s speech bubble despite the fact that it’s right side up for once!
Silly Zealot
I didn’t go as far, but it still surprised me that the Atomic Fly finally fixed his speech problem! Great!
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« Belarusian sugar did not help and Luzhkov
Poll in Mogilev: School — precious pleasure »
At our election observers rogues not a hindrance …
Many of the letters we receive from our listeners in these September days are — on the elections. The main day of voting — in the subsequent Sunday, September 28, but polling stations davneshney Belarusian wont open from Tuesday already, and power is encouraging people to vote early.
I’ll start from the letter of the current conversation on the boycott, which sent Vladislav Miscavige of Braslava. A listener writes:
"Not very much attention to whether giving RL talking-about the so-called" elections "? For years it is clear that our elections — without any choice. And how can fluctuate, it is worth to boycott the vote? It gets busy on the nerves. Get at least the opposition under control Vyachorka, who initially decided to participate, and later — to remove your candidacy own representatives. However, their senses are in the main after many were not included in the list of candidates.
And yet it seems that in the end the opposition began to listen to the words of the boycott Pozniak. Anyone who goes to the polling station — ally regime (whether he knows it or not).
International observers will be able to assist us only when half-empty polling stations will record. Falsification is, as they say, on the surface. Let then the authorities boast that vote came 70 or 80 percent.
In an unpleasant case (if men come) will not help no supervision, because the machine fraud in Belarus debugged specifically, "-
— So says Vladislav Braslava of Miscavige.
Indeed, sire Miscavige, discussions about boycotting the elections was in the midst of the Belarusian opposition throughout the next time a lot. But all ended that last Sunday the leaders of the United Democratic forces on their final meeting this idea practically abandoned. Decided to focus in the main on the control of the vote counting and preparation of the protest, which will take place in Minsk on the evening of 28 September.
Our listener Ivan Kazhevny Grabyaneva village of Mogilev district sent to the "Freedom" an invitation from the PEC with the proposal to vote early. Sovereign Kazhevny directs attention to the fact that in order to vote, not necessarily carry a passport for themselves — rather identity. Student writes on this subject:
"It is curious that for certification are referring to those who sent the invitation? Maybe I should take a neighbor’s license stropalshchyka vote and come with him? By the way, in a similar way and is done in Belarus in all elections.
I believe that no other passport document can not change. Try to get a pension, not presenting a passport and a certificate.
Why the election, where it is decided the main issues for the country — to whom to entrust power — though quite what papers? Neuzh power would consider us for fools? Or maybe it’s commonplace scam that only confirms the illegitimacy of such makarom elected so called "deputies"? "-
— Wrote in his own letter to the "Freedom" from the village of Ivan Kazhevny Grabyaneva Mogilev region.
Catchy, sire Kazhevny that this same feature of the Belarusian election campaign drew attention in its own recent report by observers from the OSCE mission. In Belarus, there is no centralized consolidated list of voters, there is no accounting at the national or at the district level. This means that a voter using a dozen different identities can vote many times at different sites.
Anatoly Zherdev Gomel devotes its attention to the state of the Belarusian health care system, that in almost all areas of spending on health care, outpatient clinics and locked, people have to travel 10 km matches to get an appointment with the doctor. A listener writes:
"Our country, already poor, allows for a whopping defense spending (from whom?) On the SWAT police. Military and police units are taken to practice maneuvers and abroad, spending millions of dollars on it. But the fact to visit on best practice in the world of young medical clinics, means there is not expected. With this approach, our medicine expects degradation. Already I hear from friends doctors that they are not willing to send their own kids to college.’d rather go to the riot: and especially do not need to study, and wages are higher, and retire early. A bandit suffer from the doctor may even more than amonavets.’s not so long ago in Gomel wounded bandit knife hospital doctors. Occasionally, humanoid creatures with a hangover is not willing to go to work and brazenly require hospital sick leave. Absolutely not so long ago I was an eyewitness to the case such conversation. Responding to danger pyantosov had to intervene and me. Curiously: police enough for it to guard officials to catch and to discredit the opposition. But at protecting doctors do not.
Degradation of medicine if it will continue to take, will entail the extinction of the people. And cheap money taken from medicine referred to as protection, will only worsen the situation. With such policies, we die out without war "-
— Wrote in his own letter to the "Freedom" Anatoly Zherdev from Gomel.
Alexander Lukashenko in response to such criticisms once said that health must not find in hospitals and clinics, and in the stadiums and sports venues. This his remark in Belarus became state policy: hundreds of millions of dollars are sent to the construction arenas, sports arenas, to finance professional sports. At the same time average wages of health workers is several times lower than in the handyman in construction.
Maybe there is a reason that health is to be found at the rink with a stick in his hands. But go to the hospital everyday, wait in line for many hours old, unhealthy, helpless people and try to convince them that in their best interest not to direct municipal funds for health care, and to build another ice palace in the next regional center of Mogilev region.
Alexander Lapitsky Minsk speaks about business Belarusian authorities to the Russian-Georgian conflict. In his letter to the "Freedom" listener writes:
"In Sochi, during a meeting with Russian President Dmitry Medvedev, Alexander Lukashenko did not support Russia and its Federal Government. He said that our homeland is able to wage war — and only. And this is not enough. Here I am a victim of political repression demand that President Lukashenko recognize the independence of Abkhazia and southern asetynav.
Replaced in order to become a near Moscow, the Belarusian president began to cheat, flirt with the West. Certainly, hopes that as he and his bureaucrats to get avoid of the International Court. Personally, I think this behavior is immoral "-
— Wrote in his own letter to the "Freedom" Alexander Lapitsky from Minsk.
Clarify, sire Lapitsky that during the Sochi meeting with President Medvedev, which was accomplished immediately after rather short Russian-Georgian war, Alexander Lukashenko supported acts of the Russian Federation in the Caucasus, referred to them "measured, wise and beautiful."
As regards the independence of Georgia’s breakaway regions, then let me remind you it is not recognized not only no European country, but not even one of the Russian Federation in the Commonwealth partnerak independent states.
Created subsequent letters — the last teacher Misha Kuzmenkov Magileva.Stratsivshy work with, he had been four years trying to prove that the dismissal was illegal. Walking on the courts and offices of officials persuaded the emperor to Kuzmenkov subsequent conclusions about the current bureaucratic system that exists in Belarus. A listener writes:
"Frauds and scams, and telephone right radial bail became driving forces in the nomenclature of the bureaucrat. What is not protected by the legitimate rights of the people — that’s an understatement. Violate the law everywhere — even where there is need to look for his execution. < br>Eventually me and my kids (and they have three) already 4 years endure suffering and deprivation because I illegally dismissed from school.
A referee after my appeal to the Presidential Administration initiate a criminal case — Tipo I avoid paying maintenance. I pay them often, every month. Debt was formed during the time that I was registered in the Employment Center and for its own account was trained in the specialty "Jurisprudence", —
— Said in his own letter to the "Freedom" Misha Kuzmenkov of Mogilev.
In our post very many similar letters, whose creators, lost work years without result try to challenge his dismissal. Courts usually side with the administration of the employer. Made in Belarus contract system of employment of displaced workers leaves much little chance in such disputes.
A-independent unions who would dare contradict the administration to defend the rights of employees, there is almost nowhere. At least, talk about the trade unions are independent in the school did not return.
Thanks to everyone who found the time to write on "Freedom." Write. Waiting for new posts.
The program "Mailbox 111" airs every Wednesday and Sunday.
Creator, you can write to the address zdankov_rs@tut.by
Tags: mail, box, sheets, students
Ноябрь 3rd, 2014 | Tags: Belarus, freedom, letter, the listener, the selection, to write | Category: Belarus
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You Are Here: Micro delivery service for fertilizers
Micro delivery service for fertilizers
You Are Here:Micro delivery service for fertilizers
Internal Facilities
Plants can absorb nutrients through their leaves as well as their roots. However, foliar fertilization over an extended period is difficult. In the journal Angewandte Chemie, German researchers have now introduced an efficient delivery system for micronutrients based on biohybrid microgels. Special peptides anchor the “microcontainers” onto the leaf surface while binding sites inside ensure gradual release of the “cargo”.
Copyright: Wiley
Foliar fertilization is already commonly used in areas such as viniculture, when the leaves on the vines turn yellow due to a mineral deficiency. Yet, despite the use of detergents, adhesives, and humectants, controlled delivery of nutrients through foliar fertilization over several weeks is nearly impossible to achieve. Up to 80% of the nutrients are washed away, winding up in the soil and being converted into forms that the plant cannot use. In addition, they can be washed into bodies of water and cause environmental problems. An additional problem is that strong sunlight evaporates the water out of the applied fertilizer solution. This results in a high salt concentration that draws water out of the leaf and causes burn damage.
A team from DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials in Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, and the University of Bonn has now developed a foliar fertilization system based on biocompatible microgels that adhere selectively to leaves for a long period and slowly deliver nutrients in a controlled fashion. Microgels are tiny particles of cross-linked macromolecules that can bind water and other molecules, such as fertilizers very efficiently.
Led by Ulrich Schwaneberg and Andrij Pich, the researchers equipped the interiors of gel particles with binding sites modeled on the iron-binding proteins of bacteria. These ensure that the iron ions are released slowly. The microgels are loaded with an iron-containing solution at a pH of 3. When the pH rises to 7, the microgels shrink, releasing water and binding the iron.
The surface of the gel particles is equipped with anchor peptides from lactic acid bacteria. These bind securely to leaf surfaces to hinder rinsing away of the microgels. The water in the gel provides an aqueous microenvironment that allows the iron to diffuse into the leaves. Yellow leaves of iron-deficient cucumber plants rapidly turned green in spots where the new foliar fertilizer was applied.
By incorporating different binding sites, the microgel "containers" can be loaded with a multitude of other metal ions or agents. A controlled delivery of agents as required would minimize the applied quantities as well as the release of fertilizers and pesticides into the environment. Low production costs, high levels of loading, easy application, and adjustable adhesive properties should make broad industrial applications possible. The goal is to make self-regulating delivery systems for sustainable agriculture.
Center for Molecular Transformations (CMT)
Profilearea Molecular Science & Engineering (MSE)
Aachen-California Network (ACalNet)
Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion (MPI CEC)
Max Planck Institute for Coal research (MPI KoFo)
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Valte is a flibbertigibbet! CROSSROADS Jonathan De la Cruz 06/11/2012
Valte is a flibbertigibbet!
Jonathan De la Cruz
An old respected teacher of mine who read my column “Syndicated hypocrisy” last Monday, June 4, wrote me a note advising that indeed it is the height of hypocrisy for administration officials, especially those within P-Noy’s inner circle to suddenly develop amnesia and start issuing out all kinds of excuses to shield them from the growing clamor for proper and responsible ‘”transparency and accountability” in public service. No less than P-Noy himself has been asked to abide by his campaign pledge to disclose his assets and issue an unconditional waiver for the Ombudsman and related agencies to look into his bank accounts.
“This volte face, “my teacher insisted, “is not only in complete disregard of P-Noy’s daang matuwid platform but a shameful demonstration of the administration’s tendency to flip flop on matters of critical concerns. It is disheartening and certainly does not augur well for the “new beginnings” which P-Noy and his crew have been trumpeting since day one of this administration.
A gentleman of the old school who has spent most of his years in the academe is especially critical of P-Noy’s spokesmen who have been issuing all kinds of excuses and half baked statements not only about this latest turn around but on such subjects as the imminent increase in power rates as well as the “sin tax” bill..... MORE
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Christina Kubisch – Electrical Walks Amsterdam
Karl Klomp - Spatial Media Design
Commissions > Johann Lurf – Pyramid Flare
Pyramid Flare from Sonic Acts on Vimeo.
Pyramid Flare is a work by Johann Lurf, commissioned by Sonic Acts for Vertical Cinema (2013). Among the most mysterious man-made structures ever built, the pyramids still challenge scholars and provoke pseudo-scientific theories. Most architects have abandoned the idea of recreating a pyramid in modern times: first of all, it isn’t efficient as a building, and secondly, any content that might be assigned to it could hardly ever counteract its grandeur and ambition. So one could rightfully ask: Why build one today? Pyramid Flare is the second in a series of experimental films about modern pyramids all over the globe. It was filmed in Prague and documents a pyramid-shaped building that is now mostly used as musical theatre. Filmed with a 35 mm camera turned on its side, Pyramid Flare is a five-minute exploration of basic cinematic elements – film formats, structure, movement, time. The ‘pyramid series’ plays with these notions, each film takes a different approach to modern pyramid structures, and they all document the pyramid over the course of 24 hours. Structure is one of the keywords of the project, pointing to the mathematical structure of the pyramid and to the filmmaker’s approach to filming it. In Pyramid Flare the camera changes position every 20 minutes to capture the pyramid and the sun hovering above. It slowly circles the building, searching for the angles that keep the pyramid in the centre of the frame. Indeed, this conversation directs the film, leaving the director and his subjective point of view ‘out of the picture’. (Mirna Belina) 12 October 2013 Kontraste 2013 Krems, Austria www.kontraste.sonicacts.com 24 January 2014 International Film Festival Rotterdam Rotterdam, the Netherlands www.filmfestivalrotterdam.com 20, 21, 22 & 23 February 2014 Stedelijk Museum Amsterdam Amsterdam, the Netherlands www.stedelijk.nl 7 & 8 November 2014 Leeds International Film Festival Leeds, England www.leedsfilm.com
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Pulco
Farmyard & Library Recordiau Prin
Article written by Ged M - Aug 31, 2016
In the rich tradition of Welsh weirdness (start with Datblygu and the Super Furry Animals and keep heading West via Cate Le Bon and H Hawkline), Ash Cooke creates “collage pop”, cutting and pasting all sorts of ideas together, from pop to far-flung experimentalism, and mixing in found sounds. Ash has pop history in his favour, as the former singer and guitarist in the turn-of-the century Derrero, but he adds heavy layering and twisted concepts, just like the artwork which features on his Bandcamp page. ‘The Universal Solder’ (nice pun!) is a good example: to the backing of a niggly guitar riff and flushing toilet, Ash recites what sounds like a manual for soldering metals in a progressively hysterical voice. ‘Which One’s Woody’ sounds like a stoned conversation, as he recites daytime TV titles. ‘Just Add Water’ is strange and compelling, seemingly a scientific treatise in which the words make sense and the music doesn’t! The vocal to ‘Spinning Tops’ appears to be a looped “uh” or, possibly, a modest belch.
But that’s the avant side; ‘Running Up A Descending Escalator’ and, especially, ‘Sadowitz’ have the hard-pop sound of the Fall, a full-tilt rhythm matched with stream-of-consciousness declamatory vocals: “hey American card magician!” ‘I Like My Own Seat on the Train’ has a Cate Le Bon-like indie quirkiness while ‘Unleash The Hounds’ takes verses constructed from sweet pop moments and slices them up with choruses full of jagged guitar and found sound. Best of all, ‘Towards A Total Art’ sounds like something from the Elephant 6 collective, poppy, catchy yet strange.
There are 18 tracks on Farmyard & Library, 43 minutes in all, and no idea is used more than once. It’s a crazy collation of thoughts and sounds, with a liberal dose of what sounds like chance recordings, possessed by a crazy momentum and an eldritch spirit. It’s weird and yet makes perfect sense: a pop epiphany.
(Farmyard And Library is released on CD by Recordiau Prin but cassette and lathe-cut vinyl is also available from Bristol label Liquid Library.)
http://pulcomusic.com
http://twitter.com/pulcoman
http://pulco.bandcamp.com
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University of Wisconsin Students Demand ‘Full and Free Access for All Black People’
Posted by Dee on February 18, 2017 at 6:18am in Liberals/Leftie Loons/Progressives
The student government at Wisconsin's most prominent university has passed legislation calling for "free and full access" to the school for "all black people" as reparations for what it describes as "systemic denial" of minorities from the "white supremacist" institution.
The resolution passed at University of Wisconsin-Madison was introduced by a group called "The Blackout Project," which argues that the "school is not inclusive, accessible, or affordable for Black students in Wisconsin" and that it knowingly benefits from "practices of exclusion and white supremacy."
Among the demands in the resolution is "full and free access for all black people," including "currently and formerly people."
"Making reparations for the systemic denial of high-quality education in the form of free and opportunities in the form of free and full access for all Black People—including undocumented and current or formerly incarcerated people—to UW-Madison," it demands.
It also demands the creation of a task force to consider "test-optional admissions and geographically weighted admissions" that would give preference to students in cities.
The goal of the resolution, according to an op-ed written by a student government member who authored the legislation, is to force the administration to attach real action to its use of phrases such as "inclusion" and "diversity."
"As students, we understand that despite the University's rhetoric, this school is not inclusive, accessible, or affordable for Black students in Wisconsin," wrote Tyriek Mack, who sponsored the resolution. "The University is not blind to this reality; in fact, the University’s brand and prestige benefits from their practices of exclusion and white supremacy."
Mack defended the call for free and full tuition to the university for all black people—a demand taken directly from the Movement for Black Lives policy platform—because he claimed the university perpetuates "white supremacy."
http://freebeacon.com/culture/university-of-wisconsin-students-dema...
Permalink Reply by Michael Gervais on February 20, 2017 at 4:39am
these saps need a big dose of reality...The Freebies are so over....keep it up and you may learn the hard way
Permalink Reply by SammysDad on February 20, 2017 at 8:10am
Increase each student''s tuition 25%. That should do it, right, students for free black college???
Permalink Reply by Bonnie Lynn on February 22, 2017 at 1:54pm
I' m wondering when all this 'you oppressed me' crap is going to stop. "I" didn't oppress anyone, and neither did anyone who is alive today. Get over it, people. Maybe, since I'm Cherokee, I should ask for free land because they put my ancestors on little reservations. I may be part Cherokee, but I still don't k now who counts the fish to make sure they get their half. We're all people and my Indian ancestry doesn't make me want to demonize white people!!. There's so much bogus crap going on in this country that it makes me want to figure out how to colonize Jupiter!
Permalink Reply by Brelan-Fayette :Knighten on February 20, 2017 at 4:57am
These issues will soon become of no importance..., since finding an egg, or something else to eat...,will become the issue.
Permalink Reply by Paul Simmon on February 22, 2017 at 3:01pm
What are you trying to say? That the US under Trump will be such a horrible place to live in that finding an egg will be an issue?
Permalink Reply by Arron Armand Grottolo on February 20, 2017 at 5:26am
I have never been spit upon by white people. I have never been attacked by white people but I have been attacked and spit upon by black people. BTW when I was attacked it was always at least a 5 to one ratio. Very brave of the cowardly attackers. I will not apologize for my being white.. BTW idiots do not know the difference between race and culture. I love black people but I hate thugs of any race or culture .BTW I also hate cowards and racists. All life matters.
You hit the nail square on its head! There are people of all races with no culture. And those with no culture usually have no class, either.
Permalink Reply by George Zornetsky on February 20, 2017 at 6:17am
OK. Let's ship all Blacks to Hillary's home in Chapaqua.
Permalink Reply by Jennifer Gibbs on February 20, 2017 at 6:23am
Yawn. I'm sure U of W is going to get right on that.
Permalink Reply by Frankmusic on February 20, 2017 at 6:46am
Really? Let them call the DEM Party (who is currently on life support) for free and full tuition to the university for all black people. ...and tell them to hurry, before their official phone line gets disconnected.
Permalink Reply by Donna Tomasi on February 20, 2017 at 7:16am
Sad situation. What will you think of next.
Permalink Reply by Hilary Joseph Hogan on February 20, 2017 at 7:16am
I think the professor's and staff should donate they're vacation time to teach these poor underprivileged deadbeats. Classes should include begging for cash 101, basic English to properly beg for cash and organ grinding.
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MOMENT MAKERS
MOMENT MUSTS
#MOMENTEOFBEAUTY
LETTERS FROM LANEY
BATH + BODY, BEAUTY August 3, 2018 August 3, 2018
Yes! Hormone-Free Birth Control
by Kendall Hill
As I become more and more aware of the ingredients that go into our beauty products, and I become more in touch with how each of these ingredients affect my body, I started to think… there is still a really, REALLY big hole in my non-toxic routine. Can you guess what it is? It’s that little white pill that I take every day that quite honestly, is a huge mystery to me. It’s hormonal birth control and I have no idea what’s in it or how it affects my body. Every woman I know is or has been on some form of hormonal birth control, be it pills, injection, or IUD. Most started in their teen years, which means we don’t really understand what we are like as adult women off of hormonal birth control. Totally scary! I started doing a ton of research on reliable, alternative methods, and fell into a rabbit hole of information (albeit overwhelming). I was lead by this amazing book called, “Sweetening The Pill: Or How We Got Hooked On Hormonal Birth Control,” by Holly Grigg-Spall, a writer who also defaulted to hormonal birth control and struggled with a long list of side effects as a result. Her book outlines the crafty marketing techniques used by pill distributers and how the incredible promises of the pill don’t quite line up with the reality of the experience for most women.
Wanting to try something different, I found a little device called Daysy. It’s a fertility monitor that uses your basal body temperature and a database of temperature charts from all kinds of women to determine when in your cycle you are fertile and when you are infertile. Daysy claims to be able to predict this with 99.4% accuracy [For the record, HBC is 99% effective when used correctly, but with typical use, it is 91% effective]. There are all kinds of fertility monitors like Daysy, like the Lady Comp, as well as apps like Kindara which guides you through the Fertility Awareness Method to help you determine when you ovulate and when you can best avoid pregnancy.On the other hand, you can also use these processes to help you get pregnant quickly (not what I’m looking for but will appreciate it when the time comes) as you learn your body and its most fertile days.
What is FAM?
Fertility Awareness Method uses a combination of temperature measurement, cervical fluid analysis and the good-old rhythm method to predict when you have ovulated. It’s recommended that you use a combination of all three of these techniques to get the most accurate results. What I love about this world of fertility monitoring, is that it encourages you to really learn and understand your body and what it’s telling you. There are also no side effects which is major! When we start the pill as teenagers, we don’t totally understand how it affects our development. It works amazingly for some people and they report no side effects. Others experience a slew of mental health problems along with physical symptoms. It was only after I stopped taking hormonal birth control that I realized the extent to which the pill was negatively affecting me.
All of this sounds incredible, but there was still one big hurdle for me when I started using a Daysy… How could I trust this method? I’d relied on medicine to prevent pregnancy for the past decade. Could I really let this little device protect me? Luckily, Holly Grigg-Spall is not just an awesome writer, she’s a brand ambassador for Daysy. I phoned her up and talked to her all about my concerns surrounding Daysy, which might answer many of your questions too. You know what you are comfortable with, but I encourage you to research the world of fertility monitoring and consider if it’s right for you! I’m on month three and have been LOVING every second of it.
Kendall: Hi Holly! I’m so glad we are getting a chance to connect. When I started using the Daysy, I joined the Facebook support community, and you’ve been answering all of my technical questions- it’s been so helpful! What is your role in Daysy?
Holly: I call myself a brand ambassador for Daysy because I’m an independent. About 8 years ago I started a blog about my own journey off hormonal birth control and that then became my book, Sweetening the Pill. Daysy approached me and said they were launching in the U.S [They’re based in Munich] and they wanted to have somebody who could help them out with doing events, talking to journalists, and doing marketing. They sent me their product and I started using it and it really spoke to me because I had spent a couple of years at that point doing interviews and explaining fertility awareness and the feedback I had been getting was, ‘Well that sounds great that you can track your temperature and your cervical fluid, but it isn’t easy enough.’ People are too busy or there’s too much responsibility or anxiety around having to chart themselves and analyze that information. Daysy made going off the pill an easier choice for women who want to do that. It made it more accessible to a lot of women.
K: That has been my favorite thing about the online support community, how knowledgable women are about their bodies and their willingness to help others.
H: The interesting thing about it is, only 20-25% of women who have purchased Daysy are aware of Fertility Awareness Method before their purchase, Daysy becomes a gateway for a lot of women for wanting to know more about their bodies and fertility cycle and fertility signs. Women are very proud that they’ve not only made this choice and invested in their health and wellbeing, but they know that it’s not, at this point, a choice that a lot of people make. Most women are still on the pill or using hormonal birth controls. So it’s a very tight-knit community that feels they need to support each other because a lot of them face skepticism from their doctor or boyfriends. They’ve done a lot of research on Daysy and they know it’s the right choice for them and they’re very loyal to that and they feel very strongly about helping other women who have made that choice for themselves as well.
K: When you started using the Daysy, did you personally have any reservations?
H: I already at the time had been practicing different modes of fertility awareness for a few years, so I was aware that basal body temperature was an accurate sign of fertility and that you could use that to understand when you ovulate. That usually couples with tracking your cervical fluid. Users wonder how Daysy is able to set the fertile window in front of confirmed ovulation. Daysy confirms ovulation with your basal body temperature shift, but you have to set the fertile window of the Daysy prior to that. The algorithm that’s used in the Daysy is not manufactured, it’s real menstrual cycle data from a lot of different scenarios and different women across many years. Essentially it constructs it ahead of time by doing statistical analysis driven by the algorithm. It determines the earliest you will ovulate. I think that I would have been more skeptical if it had been a newer company- I knew the company had been around since the Lady Comp had been created some 30 years ago. I knew Daysy has a precedent for making fertility computers that millions of women were using world wide, and they were helping women make the transition and helping them learn about their fertility cycles.Once I understood the fertility window, that made sense to me and I was comfortable with it.
K: I’ve been reading your book as well and have been learning so many things about my own body that I was never taught in health class growing up. What stood out to me was this part you wrote about being on birth control and feeling numb, or not really feeling anything. Or the exact opposite and feeling manic. It’s crazy to me how many women are experiencing all of these symptoms and feeling this way but are not so open to talking about it. Do you remember the moment that you felt you needed to write this book?
H: I had been on the pill for 8 or 9 years at that point. I was on Yasmin and I was having side effects. It had taken me about two years to figure out that the pill was causing those side effects that I was having. I was on forums online about birth control survivors. I made the connection that it was the pill that I was on that was causing these side effects. I remember sitting down and trying to write about Yaz, one of the most popular pills that was ever produced. It had been marketed more heavily than any other brand and it was causing terrible side effects for many people. I was talking about side effects that women may have not heard of, and side effects that women may have no realized they were even having because they don’t know these side effects exist, especially the mental health side effects you mentioned. It was something that we needed to discuss.
I interviewed a doctor and I asked her, with all of this research done surrounding mental health and the pill, how could so many women still be taking it? She said there was a gender bias there. I decided to go off the pill after 10 years. Fertility awareness is what gave me the confidence to do it actually. I realized I could avoid pregnancy without being on the pill and it was long term, do-able, and easy for me to understand.
K: It’s such a powerful choice! What have been the criticisms with the book and with Daysy?
H: When the book came out in 2013, there was a lot of pushback because a lot of women are very defensive about their choice to use the pill. In this country there are always issues around accessing birth control that you want and insurance coverage and the price of birth control. All of that makes it very contentious discussion. Also as someone who had been taking the pill for ten years, I could see where people were coming from. You make that choice for yourself and you see what works for you, which can be very hard. Everybody experiences different side effects, but this was a choice I made for myself, and I wanted to examine it in that way.
Special thanks to Holly!
SHOP THE MOMENT
Beautiful Rituals Starter Pack
Birth Control, Daysy, Hormone-free, Natural Beauty, Natural Birth Control, Non-toxic Beauty, The Moment, Wellness
Kendall Hill
More from Kendall Hill
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Goya, Unflinching, Defied Old Age - New York Times
Goya, Unflinching, Defied Old Age
By MICHAEL KIMMELMAN
IN 1824, Ferdinand VII, lately freed from prison with French help and returned to the Spanish throne, was a vengeful despot. The Inquisition was restored, liberals were rounded up.
When a temporary amnesty was announced, Francisco José de Goya y Lucientes, court painter, friend to too many free thinkers, applied to take the waters at Plombières, in France.
He headed for Bordeaux, not even bothering to stop at Plombières, then went on to Paris, where he spent the summer. He was stone deaf and didn't speak a word of French. If he saw Delacroix and Constable in the great Salon of 1824, he never mentioned it. Delacroix belonged to another generation. In September, Goya returned to Bordeaux and settled into the expatriate community.
And there he died, at 82, in 1828, attended by his companion, Locadia, a distant relative, with whom he reportedly fought all the time, and by her two children. The younger one, Rosario, is sometimes thought to have been Goya's daughter because he said nice things about her art. Goya didn't say many nice things about other artists.
There have been many Goya shows lately. He's a man for our day, the great, unflinching satirist of everything irrational and violent and absurd in life and politics. "Goya's Last Works," at the Frick, differs from the large, rather loveless survey that veteran aficionados may remember that the Metropolitan Museum did some years ago. That exhibition tried to pigeonhole the artist as a symbol of Enlightenment values, draining the guts out of Goya. Look at the late work and you'll see, as Robert Hughes once nicely put it, that there's no less of the Marquis de Sade in him than there is of Rousseau.
The compact Frick show is sublime. An early French biographer, Laurent Matheron, writing about Goya during his twilight in exile, blew off the late work as "feeble and slack." Matheron must have been blind, or saw pictures now lost. They're certainly not here. I can't recall too many exhibitions on this scale more revelatory.
The inspiration for it was one of the Frick's own Goyas, a deceptively fine portrait of a young woman, from 1824, the sort of painting you might miss if you weren't looking closely. The curators, Jonathan Brown and Susan Grace Galassi, decided to spotlight it, and the show naturally grew, but not too much, to include other late works.
It has sometimes been said that the sitter for the Frick portrait is Rosario, which isn't too likely since she was 36, and the young woman, flushed, expectant, childishly calm, doesn't look a day over 26. Prim in white gloves and a black dress trimmed in lace, she is swiftly painted in dashing, creamy strokes that pay homage to Goya's hero, Velázquez, at the same time that they bring to mind Manet. He's the automatic association today, Manet having passed on to posterity the look of "modern" painting inherited straight from Goya.
For comparison's sake, the curators borrowed other late portraits. Goya could be a perfunctory artist, and two clunky portraits of Spaniards in Paris, Joaquín María de Ferrer and his wife, seem lifeless: diffident commissions. But then Goya also painted Don Tiburcio Pérez y Cuervo, an architect, shirt sleeves rolled up, arms folded, smiling slightly, resembling Goya as a young man. The best portraits have an intimate bond with the sitters.
The strongest bond comes across in the one of his old pal Leandro Fernández de Moratín. A poet and playwright, Moratín sat for Goya in the 1790's, when he was lean and suave. Now he's puffy and middle aged, his face built up with thick, puttylike slabs of pigment. He has the tense expression of someone who knows his portraitist will be brutally honest but who is himself a believer in truth and in the artist, and whose forbearance therefore makes him look heroic and humane. Only the savviest, most mature painter could manage to convey all that.
But then, more than 30 years earlier, Goya had already sketched a portrait of himself after a bout with death that cost him his hearing; in it he's Beethoven with Medusa's hair, all wary introspection and defiance. That drawing is in the show, as a kind of prelude for the self-portrait from 1820, painted after another illness during which Goya was attended by a friend, a doctor named Eugenio García Arrieta. In gratitude Goya portrayed them both, as an ex-voto, inscribed with elaborate thanks. Arrieta supports his ailing patient and holds up a glass of medicine. Eyes glazed, head lolling, Goya clutches his bedsheets (the gesture speaks volumes) while behind him, as if straight from his fevered brain, a noisome coven of figures, like the Fates, lurks in the shadows.
By that point, decades of violence and political calamity along with his own physical suffering had reinforced in Goya a hermetic, almost hallucinatory despair — an outlook on the world that, the portraits of his friends aside, pervaded the late work. Mankind was not inherently good, rational and free, manacled and corrupted only by tyranny and circumstance. Society was a surging mob of lost souls, hysterics and murderers. The most shocking picture in the show may be a little keepsake that Goya dashed off before quitting Madrid. It's of his son, Javier, a wastrel, whom Goya loved anyway. He is drawn as fat and dissolute, a lost soul staring vacantly. With Goya, truth trumped love. But life was still worth living to the very last minute, if only for the reason that Goya scrawled across a sketch of a hunchbacked Methuselah: "I Am Still Learning."
He was. Nearly 80, he took up lithography in Bordeaux, making prints of bullfights in the workshop of Cyprien Gaulon — Goya's portrait of whom, all velvety touch and measured nobility, turns him, like Moratín, into a romantic hero.
Bullfight scenes didn't appeal to the French, but lithography inspired Goya to draw with black crayon, another new medium for him. His Bordeaux drawings bring to mind diary entries. He spotted a roller skater, head tossed, on the verge of toppling backward, alongside a bicyclist. He saw a woman crammed into a shoulder carriage, like a giant backpack with a little window, being lugged by a stooped porter. And he noticed an amputated beggar, wide-eyed and slack-jawed, in a huge contraption of a wheelchair that, like a chariot, enclosed him between its two great front wheels, making a triangle of the composition.
He also visited a madhouse in Bordeaux and drew a lunatic, a monstrous figure, wearing a loose sack, twisting like a Michelangelo slave, his arms behind him, his legs buckling, his head a gnarled mass of thatched hair and knotty bone. A single, haunted eye swivels into the man's skull. As Mr. Hughes put it in his Goya biography, the eye was a stroke of genius by "an old man who had suffered immensely and known every last terror of black melancholy."
And then there is the imploring penitent on his knees, maybe another of the madhouse inmates, although his pose, arms raised, is like the famous patriot's before the firing squad in "The Third of May."
It's hard not to see him and all the other old men in these late works as implicit self-portraits. They're fools, donning bat wings, moving herky-jerky before women invariably more graceful and powerful than they are. A dwarfish constable clutching a set of keys beseeches a young beauty wearing a giant padlock. He's a thwarted Romeo. A groaning, half-naked old man, pinioned by a woman, has the devil on his back. Even a flying beast, part Icarus, part Cerberus, with webbed feet, crashing to earth — one of Goya's classic nightmare inventions — seems to symbolize man's hubris and impotence.
I don't mean artistic impotence, of course, not with Goya, who tried his hand at yet one more new medium in Bordeaux. He painted on palm-size slivers of ivory — "original miniatures, which I have never seen the like of before," he boasted, rightly. On a dark, wet ground, he let fall a drop or two of water, whose blots and granulates suggested shapes, like the ones that Leonardo imagined in stains on old walls.
Goya conjured up a screaming monk and a goggle-eyed woman. A man picking fleas. Judith hacking off the head of Holofernes. A nude reclining, paint wiped from the ivory to connote flesh. And Susannah ogled by the elders, the standard fable of chaste youth and pathetic, dirty old men.
Broad fields of light and dark make these ivories like flashbulb snapshots. Immediate and exquisite, they're nearly monumental. Like the late works of Titian or Rembrandt, Goya's late works achieve a whole new level of freedom and depth, haunted by death but exalted. The Frick has picked for the show's poster the perfect image: one of the creepier Bordeaux drawings of a thick and stumpy old man on a swing, leering as he vaults skyward.
You can almost hear Goya cackle.
"Goya's Last Works" continues through May 14 at the Frick Collection, 1 East 70th Street, Manhattan; (212) 288-0700, or www.frick.org.
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Book by Arthur Laurents
Music by Jule Styne; Lyrics by Stephen Sondheim
Stolen Shakespeare Guild
Director – Bill Sizemore
Musical Director – Mary Helen Atkins
Set Designer – Bill Sizemore
Lighting Designer – Bryan Douglas
Props Designer – Traci Clements
Costume Designer – Lauren Morgan
Choreography – Amy Parsons
Rose – Jenny Tucker
Dainty June – Anna Marie Boyd
Louise – Connie Marie Brown
Herbie – Robert Banks
Tulsa – Dustin Simington
Electra – Becca Brown
Tessie – Georgia Fender
Mazeppa – Cassie Martinez
Miss Cratchitt – Karen Matheny
Baby June – Dani Altshuler
Baby Louise – Mary Strauss
L.A. – Chris Ramirez
Yonkers/Newsboy – Brandon Shreve
Renee/Ensemble – Katy Hill
Angie – T. J. Little
George/Phil/Richman/Kringelein – Charles E. Beachley III
Pop/Goldstone/Pastey – David Plybon
Newsboys – Ashton Morales, Parker Niksich, Riley Niksich
Hollywood Blondes – Mikayla Anthony, Gabriella Garcia, Lynsey Hale, Tyler Vaden, Abigail Palmgren
Mary Helen Atkins – Piano
Kristin Martin McKinley – Keyboard
Nick Mercer – Percussion
Reviewed by Larry Ukolowicz, Associate Critic for John Garcia's THE COLUMN
Gypsy is considered to be one of the greatest musicals of all time. It is based on the 1957 book Gypsy: A Memoir, the autobiography of Gypsy Rose Lee, who became famous in burlesque as a striptease artist. Frank Rich, American essayist, writer and critic, says, “Gypsy is nothing if not Broadway’s own brassy, unlikely answer to ‘King Lear.” It depicts the addictive insanity of Mama Rose, the backstage maniacal matriarch of demanding and covetous parental possessiveness who will go to any length, sacrificing her love life, sleep, diet and even her sanity. for the theatrical success of her two girls, June and Louise.
Even though Gypsy depicts a tigress mother with killer instincts, it also looks into a soul of repressed dreams and aspirations. This musical displays the distraught psychological heft of stardom and its effect on individuals and family. It’s not kid stuff.
The production by the Stolen Shakespeare Guild succeeds on several levels. They fear not to tread into the depths of Mama Rose’s world, a place that showcases whiplash wit, sacrificial offerings and believe it or not, love, as convoluted and unconventional as it appears.
Gypsy is a vintage vehicle giving the stage one of the most prolific, multi-layered, intoxicating and demanding female roles ever written, Mama Rose. She confuses fame with family and in her blindness accidentally kills vaudeville. There isn’t an actress alive that would not sell their eye teeth to play this part, to strut down that runway and belt out the killer finale “Rose’s Turn.” She has been played by some of the most incredible actresses of stage and screen, including Ethel Merman, Rosalind Russell, Bernadette Peters, Bette Midler, Patti LuPone and one performer I had the distinct honor to see, Tyne Daly, in her Tony-winning performance.
June and Louise want one thing. They want Mama Rose to get married and settle down. They want a family life. When they sing “If Momma Was Married”, you see June and Louise physically displaying their inner thoughts with eyes of hope, each clinging to the other, and for the first time, you see them as the children they long to be. June and Louise give us, the audience, a chance to hope right along with them. Anne Marie Boyd, as June, and Connie Marie Brown, as Dainty Louise, give it to us straight from their hearts with wonderful harmony. I smiled as they held on to each other, supported each other and waltzed through the song with true conviction.
June, the youngest child, is the chosen one on whom Rose has pinned her highest ambitions and pushes the hardest. While Louise remains a little lost and lacking in confidence, June becomes obstinate and defiant. Anne Marie Boyd is wonderful in the part by physically staring down her mother and showing the beginning signs of a temper. When Mama Rose denies June an opportunity to become educated as a legitimate stage actress, Ms. Boyd displays the toughness in June with clenched fists, fire in the eyes and a lit cigarette. Even though it is a shock to Mama Rose when June disappears and leaves the act, it is no surprise to us, the audience.
Mama Rose’s love interest, Herbie, represents that first big hill on a roller coaster, steadily climbing all through the play, and it isn’t until the end that we see him finally reach the top of the hill and plummet down the other side. From agent to candy salesman to agent, Herbie is probably one of the most mentally, emotionally and spiritually tortured characters ever put on stage. Herbie, just like Mama Rose, will go to any length to make June and Louise a success. He will also go to any length to appease Mama Rose, no matter how many ulcers he grows.
Herbie is gorgeously played by Robert Banks. When Mama Rose destroys the happiness of a marriage proposal with one last attempt at stage success, it is at that moment that Herbie lets out the frustration of being run over by the speeding train named Mama Rose and stands up for himself and his dignity. We see Mr. Banks showing his kindness with soft voice and kind smile. But when it is time to leave, we see Mr. Banks show the frustration with red face and trembling fingers that point to Mama Rose in the final heated argument to end the relationship. I reveled in Mr. Banks’ facial technique as he showed defeat in tear-filled eyes and a smile turned downward into dismay and defeat. I admire actors who use very little to convey so much.
Dreams of stardom is lovingly and radiantly performed by Dustin Simington as Tulsa, one of the backup singers/dancers in the kids’ vaudeville act, delivering a wonderful performance with the song “All I Need is the Girl”. Mr. Simington is confident in step and strong in song as he shows Louise some mighty fine steps. Louise, at first dreaming of being his partner, is lured into the reality of the situation as she steps out of the fantasy and becomes his real-life dancing partner at the end of the song. Mr. Simington and Ms. Brown locked on to each other’s energy and gave the audience a thrill as they spun, tapped and bowed their way to a deserved long ovation.
Desperation leads to fortune as Mama Rose, in a last ditch effort, transforms lamb-loving daughter, Louise, who had never worn a dress before she was nineteen, into a star on the burlesque striptease stage. The kids’ tune “Let Me Entertain You,” used in countless vaudeville routines of astronomical awful proportions, becomes an anthem for Louise that catapults her to super-stardom as a burlesque headliner on the best theatrical stages.
When Louise looks in the mirror and realizes she is actually pretty is a moment to take a breath and try not to shed a tear. It’s a lovely moment and is beautifully played by Connie Marie Brown. That mesmerizing discovery transforms the waif into a hellion. Ms. Brown uses that look for the remainder of the show, the wide eyes, the big smile, and as far as the walk, it transforms from stumbles to struts, exposing confidence in each step.
The final confrontation between Louise and Mama Rose gives Louise center stage over Mama for the first and final time and it is at this moment that Mama realizes she is out of the picture as Gypsy’s manager and must take the back seat. Louise takes control of Gypsy forever. I commend director Bill Sizemore for keeping this battle honest and heartfelt. Ms. Brown stands strong, solid and sure, never losing focus on the intent to stop Mama Rose with dignity and poise.
Jenny Tucker is a Mama Rose of stellar excitement. She takes you on a guided tour of the inner demons, from sensual flirt to earthy negotiator. With a subtle smile, she becomes the vixen. With a ferocious stare, she becomes “The Terminator.” Her vocal delivery is strong, precise and masterful, from ballad to heart-pounding show stopper. When she began to sing “Rose’s Turn,” I was in goose-bump heaven, with her arms flailing, her voice quivering yet strong, her eyes glued to the audience, staring us down. The alter-ego was released and we all felt the power of Mama Rose through Ms. Tucker. With that jaunty walk, judgmental look and matter-of-fact attitude, Ms. Tucker uses all of it to convince us that no matter what happens, her Mama Rose would be around for a long time…come hell or high water! But “Rose’s Turn” is not only about power. It showcases the dreams, the wishes and the heartbreak of a woman who did not take the risk for herself. Louise says at the end, “you really could have been somethin’, mama.” Ms. Tucker, your Mama Rose truly was somethin’!
Director, Bill Sizemore gives us the Gypsy that the creators originally envisioned, a broad, show business entertainment represented by composer Jule Styne and the modern, dark, psychological drama typical of Stephen Sondheim. Mr. Sizemore chose substance over glitz. His direction was showcased with precisely staged musical numbers, especially Mama Rose’s two show-stoppers. His use of the stage evolved and revolved beautifully, including the vaudeville routines with June and Louise and “Madame Rose’s Toreadorables.” He exposed the heartbreaks and the accolades of theatre life through the eyes of Mama Rose in “Everything’s Coming up Roses.” He knew when a moment was meant to be quiet in book or song, especially in “Small World.” In short, in this production, as the creators intended, he chose comedy-drama over melodrama and gave us a show of richness, playfulness, humanity and loads of compassion.
Let me not forget Becca Brown, Georgia Fender and Cassie Martinez who gave some very funny moments as the striptease trio, brilliantly delivering the song “You Gotta Get a Gimmick,” and bumping, grinding and dancing their way into comic heaven.
The adolescent Dainty June and Louise, played by Dani Altshuler and Mary Strauss, were impeccable and I was amazed how much they resembled the older June and Louise, making the transition from child to adult very believable.
The backup teams to Dainty June’s vaudeville routines, i.e. The Newsboys and The Hollywood Blondes were energetically and electrically-charged, giving us some very fine dancing and singing moments that made the laborious “Let Me Entertain You” bearable.
David Plybon, Marc Magen, and Charles E. Beachley III switched characters faster than a speeding bullet distinctly making each role new and exciting.
From the Overture to “Rose’s Turn”, Musical Director Mary Helen Atkins and orchestra performed with great vigor, and their bounce and fervor showed a great deal of love for the score as my foot tapped, my heart sang and my ears enjoyed. I especially admired the lilting and lovely music backup to “Small World” and the bubbly, perfect scoring of “Some People.” I must not forget the smile-induced “Mr. Goldstone, I Love you”. I felt the orchestra was having as much fun as the actors on stage during the number. I was delighted to see the actors, lead characters and chorus, sing each song with confidence. Having been in musicals, that confidence comes from trusting your musical director, and the way all performs sang, I felt the trust. It was wonderful.
The costumes by Lauren Morgan were deliciously right on the money. Life on the vaudeville road was tiresome and dreary and the costumes depicted the hardship with wonderful depression era coats, blouses and skirts. The cheesy vaudeville routines with June and Louise were costumed in sequined and crinoline madness. The three bump and grind strippers at the burlesque house were deliciously costumed in flowing, see through material of satin, lace, feathers and yes, even lights that lit with a touch of a button. When Louise becomes Gypsy, her dresses are satiny, sensual and seductively sultry, and show what success will bring. One of my favorite costume moments was when Mama Rose picked up a blanket and said, “That would make a nice coat”, and in the next scene she’s wearing it. (I just shook my head and snickered thinking, ‘Yup, that’s Mama Rose!’.)
I would like to thank Bill Sizemore for his set design, Bryan Douglas for his light design and Traci Clements for props design and don them the holy trinity. The set, as you enter the theatre, is completely bare. As each scene begins, doorways, desks and dressing tables are rolled in. The sets move in and out without a moment’s pause. The lights range from pink and bright for the kids’ vaudeville routines, to dark and brooding for the serious moments in the play such as the dismal life in Mama Rose’s dad’s house, and spot-light white to give Mama Rose a halo, if you will, around her entire body to belt out her two show stoppers at the end of Act One and Act Two. There were literally hundreds of props for actors from makeup to suitcases to batons to dinner plates and yes, even a functional trumpet used by one of the strippers. This show has a high demand for props and they were wonderfully supplied. From moving doorways on wheels to complete sets, to the bright lights of a stage production within a production, to the hand-held props available to actors at all times, it all worked to perfection. The holy trinity gave us a cavalcade of color, contrast and countenance and showed what collaboration is all about.
Choreographer Amy Parsons amazed me in one respect. This show has a large cast and Ms. Parsons was able to position them all on the small stage at one time with great ease. Also, when a cast is in unison and performs with great confidence, it is then I applaud the choreographer, especially when staging a show that requires so many forms of dance, from traditional to ballet to tap to freestyle and beyond. It was a job well done. I especially loved the staging of “Some People” and “Everything’s Coming up Roses”, and getting everyone on stage for the very fast-paced “Mr. Goldstone, I Love You” was quite an accomplishment.
This musical is timeless. The book and music of Gypsy are flawless in presentation. The musical is a celebration of life, taking us to all levels, from hope-to-despair, from acceptance-to-rejection, from truth-to-illusion. In this production, each and every actor on the stage is a gifted singer and actor and uses their talents to the max adding to the greatness of Gypsy. Most importantly, it is being handled with care by Stolen Shakespeare Guild. Come…let them entertain you.
Fort Worth Community Arts Center
1300 Gendy Street
Plays through August 17th
Friday - Saturday at 8:00 pm, and Saturday - Sunday at 2:00 pm
Evening ticket prices are $18.00, $17.00 for seniors 65 +,$16.00 for student w/ ID, and $10.00 for children 7 under (if available). Matinee tickets are $15.00 for all.
To purchase tickets go online at www.stolenshakespeareguild.org or call the box office at 1-866-811-4111.
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Lady Gaga Says Pence Is ‘Worst Representation Of What It Means To Be A Christian’
(Photo by Christopher Polk/Getty Images for NARAS)
William Davis Reporter
January 21, 2019 11:41 AM ET
Lady Gaga is joining the chorus of public figures and activist organizations who are attacking the family of Vice President Mike Pence over second lady Karen Pence’s new teaching job at Immanuel Christian School.
After the vice president defended his wife’s decision to teach art at the traditionally Christian school, singer Lady Gaga called Pence the “worst representation of what it means to be a Christian.” (RELATED: Liberal Groups Bash Karen Pence For Teaching At Christian School)
“To Mike Pence who thinks it’s acceptable that his wife works at a school that bans LGBTQ. You are wrong,” Gaga said during a performance at Park MGM in Las Vegas, according to the Las Vegas Review-Journal. “You said you should not discriminate against Christianity. You are the worst representation of what it means to be a Christian.”
Lady Gaga says Mike Pence is ‘worst representation’ of Christianity https://t.co/jF9oyxgArB pic.twitter.com/gZREMgYKc6
— Newsweek (@Newsweek) January 21, 2019
”I am a Christian woman, and what I do know about Christianity is that we bear no prejudice and everybody is welcome,” she said. “So you can take all that disgrace, Mr. Pence, and look yourself in the mirror and you’ll find it right there.”
Immanuel Christian adheres to biblical doctrine on gender, marriage, and sexuality, something that seems to have irked certain critics of Pence. (RELATED: CNN’s John King Questions If Karen Pence Deserves Secret Service Protection)
The K-8 school’s parent agreement states families must “acknowledge the importance of a family culture based on biblical principles and embrace biblical family values such as a healthy marriage between one man and one woman.”
“It is our experience that families who do not share a biblical worldview will be uncomfortable with the expectations we have and the philosophy we practice,” the school’s admissions policy says. “We do not discriminate on the basis of race, color, national or ethnic background. We do, however, attempt to be discerning in the area of Christian belief and practice.”
Democratic California Rep. Ted Lieu blasted Pence, saying that Jesus never said anything about homosexuality, while claiming that the vice president was “cloaking your hate in your purported religious beliefs.”
LGBTQ-focused groups such as the Human Rights Campaign and the NOH8 campaign have blasted Karen Pence for her decision to teach at the school.
“The Pences never seem to miss an opportunity to show their public service only extends to some,” Human Rights Campaign said.
Follow William Davis on Twitter
Tags : karen pence lady gaga mike pence
CNN Personality Says Melania Trump, Ted Cruz Should Go Back To Their Own Countries
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When A Stranger Calls
Directed by: Simon West
Written by: Jake Wade Wall
Starring: Camilla Belle, Tommy Flanagan, Tessa Thompson, Brian Geraghty, Clark Gregg
Released: March 16, 2006
A family has been murdered in brutal fashion. It is horrific because there is no murder weapon. What does that mean you ask? I don’t know because we don’t find out. All this goes on behind the opening credits which take forever to finish. The film is only 87 minutes long and I sensed this introduction was included simply to make the film longer. Without it, it would clock in shorter than Chicken Little.
The real film then begins and we and our feature character is Jill Johnson. She’s been grounded by her parents and her car and mobile phone privileges have been taken from her for one month. So whilst her school friends are partying at some bonfire, Jill finds herself on a babysitting assignment. She was dropped there by her dad (hence no car) and the home’s owners won’t be back till after midnight. Did I mention that the house is deep in the woods with no one for miles around?
Then, the phone calls start. After a few red herrings (regular phone calls), Jill starts getting some creepy calls from a man who says very little. He’s watching her from somewhere and Camilla starts freaking out. Where is he and what is he planning?
When A Stranger Calls is a disappointing thriller that never lives up to its possibilities. The film hasn’t received my full wrath because there were moments where I did feel suspense and wonder how it might end. For a split second I thought the film could be redeemed with a slick finale. This didn’t occur of course and I’m still scratching my head about the limp ending. What was the point of the scene in the hospital?
Few legitimate questions are answered. Why did this guy choose to stalk her? How did he get the phone number? How did he get in the house? How did he get in the guest house? How did kill her friend and get her upstairs? How did the housekeeper get killed without a peep? Why did she answer the phone in the first place considering it’s not her home?
The film is a remake of a 1979 film starring Charles Durning and Carol Kane. There was even a TV sequel made in 1993 called When A Stranger Calls Back. Well if this stranger calls back again, I won’t be answering!
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168.28.214.218 (Talk)
(→Arts, Crafts, Powers and Magic)
Revision as of 06:47, 30 May 2018 (edit) (undo)
Ederchil (Talk | contribs)
m (Reverted edits by 159.203.56.33 (talk) to last revision by 173.206.83.82)
| othernames=People of the Stars, Firstborn, Elder Children of Ilúvatar
| origin=Firstborn of the [[Children of Ilúvatar|Children]] of [[Ilúvatar]]
| location=[[Cuiviénen]], [[Tirion]], [[Taniquetil]], [[Formenos]], [[Alqualondë]], [[Tol Eressëa]], [[Doriath]], [[Falas]], [[Hithlum]], [[Ossiriand]], [[Vinyamar]], [[Nargothrond]], [[Gondolin]], [[Edhellond]], [[Mouths of Sirion]], [[Isle of Balar]], [[Lindon]], [[Eldalondë]], [[Eregion]], [[Lothlórien]], [[Rivendell]], [[Mirkwood]] and [[Ithilien]]
| location=[[Cuiviénen]], [[Tirion]], [[Taniquetil]], [[Formenos]], [[Alqualondë]], [[Tol Eressëa]], [[Doriath]], [[Falas]], [[Hithlum]], [[Ossiriand]], [[Vinyamar]], [[Nargothrond]], [[Gondolin]], [[Edhellond]], [[Mouths of Sirion]], [[Isle of Balar]], [[Lindon]], [[Eldalondë]], [[Eregion]], [[Belfalas]], [[Lothlórien]], [[Rivendell]], [[Mirkwood]] and [[Ithilien]]
| affiliation=
| rivalry=[[Orcs]], [[Dwarves]]
{{main|Awakening of the Elves}}
[[File:Ted Nasmith - The Dawn of the Firstborn Elves.jpg|thumb|left|200px|[[Ted Nasmith]] - ''The Dawn of the Firstborn Elves'']] About the same time that [[Varda]], Queen of the [[Valier]], ended her labors in creating the [[Stars]], the Elves awoke beside the lake [[Cuiviénen]]. The first things they saw were the stars, and henceforth they adored them. The first sound they heard was the flowing of water, and henceforth they loved water as well.
[[File:Ted Nasmith - The Dawn of the Firstborn Elves.jpg|thumb|left|200px|[[Ted Nasmith]] - ''The Dawn of the Firstborn Elves'']] About the same time that [[Varda]], Queen of the [[Valier]], ended her labours in creating the [[Stars]], the Elves awoke beside the lake [[Cuiviénen]]. The first things they saw were the stars, and henceforth they adored them. The first sound they heard was the flowing of water, and henceforth they loved water as well.
They made speech then, and called themselves the ''[[Quendi]]''. [[Morgoth|Melkor]] was the first to be aware of them, and he caused evil spirits to go about among them. When one or a small group wandered abroad, they would often vanish. It is believed that Melkor may have created [[Orcs]] with the elves he captured.
{{main|Battles of Beleriand}}
There were five great battles fought in Beleriand. The [[First Battle]] was the result of an attack by Melkor on Círdan and Elwë (now known as [[Thingol]]). Though the Elves managed to resist the attack successfully, this left Melkor essentially with full reign of Beleriand. Upon the sudden and unanticipated [[Return of the Noldor]], the tables were reversed in the [[Dagor-nuin-Giliath]]. The third battle (“[[Dagor Aglareb]]”) occurred when Melkor tried unsuccessfully to destroy the Elves, breaking forth from [[Angband]]. This only resulted in the vigilant [[Siege of Angband]]. Morgoth was more successful in the next battle, [[Dagor Bragollach]], which ended in the deaths of many Elven princes, among them [[Fingolfin]], [[High King of the Noldor]]. The siege was broken. Several decades later, [[Maedhros]], eldest son of Fëanor, counterattacked in the [[Nirnaeth Arnoediad]]. Although at first very successful, the tide turned against the Elves, and ended in the destruction of [[Hithlum]]. It was not half a century later that [[Gondolin]], the last real stronghold of the Noldor, was [[The Fall of Gondolin|destroyed]]. [[Doriath]], the center of the [[Sindar]]in realm, was sacked by [[Dwarves]].[[File:Ted Nasmith - Eärendil and the Battle of Eagles and Dragons.jpg|left|150px|thumb|[[Ted Nasmith]] - ''Eärendil and The Battle of Eagles and Dragons'']]
There were five great battles fought in Beleriand. The [[First Battle]] was the result of an attack by Melkor on Círdan and Elwë (now known as [[Thingol]]). Though the Elves managed to resist the attack successfully, this left Melkor essentially with full reign of Beleriand. Upon the sudden and unanticipated [[Return of the Noldor]], the tables were reversed in the [[Dagor-nuin-Giliath]]. The third battle (“[[Dagor Aglareb]]”) occurred when Melkor tried unsuccessfully to destroy the Elves, breaking forth from [[Angband]]. This only resulted in the vigilant [[Siege of Angband]]. Morgoth was more successful in the next battle, [[Dagor Bragollach]], which ended in the deaths of many Elven princes, among them [[Fingolfin]], [[High King of the Noldor]]. The siege was broken. Several decades later, [[Maedhros]], eldest son of Fëanor, counterattacked in the [[Nirnaeth Arnoediad]]. Although at first very successful, the tide turned against the Elves, and ended in the destruction of [[Hithlum]]. It was not half a century later that [[Gondolin]], the last real stronghold of the Noldor, was [[Fall of Gondolin|destroyed]]. [[Doriath]], the centre of the [[Sindar]]in realm, was sacked by [[Dwarves]].[[File:Ted Nasmith - Eärendil and the Battle of Eagles and Dragons.jpg|left|150px|thumb|[[Ted Nasmith]] - ''Eärendil and The Battle of Eagles and Dragons'']]
===Salvation of the Elves===
===Salvation===
{{main|War of Wrath}}
With the near destruction of the Elves, the last survivors were at the [[Mouths of Sirion]] and [[Isle of Balar|Balar]] and were led by Gil-galad and Círdan. Among them was [[Eärendil]], the son of [[Tuor]] and [[Idril]]. Eärendil made a miraculous voyage to [[Valinor]] to beg the pardon of the Valar. His request was granted. The Valar came across the Sea to [[Middle-earth]], and in the [[War of Wrath]] thrust Morgoth into the [[Void]] and purged Beleriand. They offered to let the Elves return with them to Valinor; some accepted, but many others, under [[Gil-galad]], chose to remain.
===Decline of the Elves===
===Decline===
[[File:Angus McBride - Celebrimbor.gif|thumb|right|150px|[[Angus McBride]] - ''Celebrimbor'']] Though Morgoth was gone to trouble the world no longer, [[Sauron]], his greatest servant, was still there, and he made war on the remaining Elves who chose not to depart Middle-earth throughout the [[Second Age|Second]] and [[Third Age]]s.
During this time the Elves realized how [[Men]] were rising to take their place, and Sauron exploited their longing. [[Annatar]] corrupted [[Celebrimbor]], the grandson of Fëanor, to wright the [[Rings of Power]], especially the [[Three Rings]] to preserve the Elves. Annatar was a guise of Sauron who also forged a ring – [[the One Ring]]. However the Elves realized the deception and defied Sauron, who then [[War of the Elves and Sauron|waged War against them]]. In the following centuries Elves continued to heed the invitation of the Valar, desire the Sea and depart for the Undying Lands. Realms such as [[Dol Amroth]] were deserted and gave their place to Men.
During this time the Elves realized how [[Men]] were rising to take their place, and Sauron exploited their longing. [[Annatar]] corrupted [[Celebrimbor]], the grandson of Fëanor, to wright the [[Rings of Power]], especially the [[Three Rings]] to preserve the Elves. Annatar was a guise of Sauron who also forged a ring – [[the One Ring]]. However the Elves realised the deception and defied Sauron, who then [[War of the Elves and Sauron|waged War against them]]. In the following centuries Elves continued to heed the invitation of the Valar, desire the Sea and depart for the Undying Lands. Realms such as [[Dol Amroth]] were deserted and gave their place to Men.
It was not until the end of the Third Age that the One Ring was destroyed, marring the Three Rings at the same time. In the years that followed the last of the Elves departed across the Sea to Valinor, their mission against Sauron complete, never to return.
The Elves eventually faded, as their spirits overwhelmed and consumed their bodies. At the end of the world, all Elves will have become invisible to mortal eyes, known as [[Lingerers]], except to those to whom they wish to manifest themselves.<ref>{{MR|Laws}}</ref> [[Ilúvatar]] had not revealed the role of the Elves after [[the End]].<ref>{{S|1}}</ref>
==Life and Customs of the Elves==
==Life and customs==
::::''Main articles: ''[[Elven Characteristics]], [[Elven Life cycle]] and [[Elven Customs]]''
:''Main articles: ''[[Elven characteristics]], [[Elven life cycle]], and [[Elven customs]]''
Besides being considered more beautiful than men, Elves were also generally taller. Their hair color varied; but the basic rules were that the [[Noldor]] generally had dark hair (brown or black), the [[Vanyar]] golden, and the [[Teleri]] silver or dark. Their eyes are usually described as gray. Their most distinguishing characteristic from the [[Mortals|Mortal]] races was the fact that they were invulnerable to age or disease; unless they were killed by sword or sorrow they would live to the end of the world.
Besides being considered more beautiful than men, Elves were also generally taller. Their hair colour varied; but the basic rules were that the [[Noldor]] generally had dark hair (brown or black), the [[Vanyar]] golden, and the [[Teleri]] silver or dark. Their eyes are usually described as grey.
Their lives were counted to begin at conception rather than birth, and though their minds sharpened much earlier in life than in the race of Men, their bodies grew more slowly. They were considered fully-grown at about a century. They married usually only once in their lives, and their children were often few and far-between.
==Arts, Crafts, Powers and Magic==
Their most distinguishing characteristic from the [[Mortals|Mortal]] races was the fact that they were invulnerable to age or disease; unless they were killed by sword or sorrow, they would live to the end of the world. Unlike Men whose [[fëar]] (spirits) left Arda when their bodies died, Elves' fëar were bound to Arda until its ending. If an Elf's hröa (body) died, its fëa would be summoned to the [[Halls of Mandos]], where the Valar could re-embody the Elf in a hröa that was identical to the Elf's previous hröa. However, if an Elf committed evil acts during their lifetime and refused to repent, the Valar could delay the Elf's re-embodiment, impose conditions on it, or refuse it altogether.<ref name=P4i>{{MR|P4i}}, p. 339</ref><ref>{{PM|Last}}, pp. 380, 389</ref> An Elf could refuse the summons to Mandos or choose to remain disembodied,<ref name=P4i></ref><ref>{{PM|XI2}}, p. 334</ref> but the Elf's houseless fëa would still be unable to leave Arda.
Other races often spoke of 'Elf magic', or of objects made by Elves as if they contained enchantments. It is unclear how accurate it is to call Elvish arts and crafts 'magic' or 'enchanted'. Elves themselves only used these words when attempting to simplify or clarify how elvish-made things seemed to have a special quality that no other races were able to achieve. Powerful Elves seemed to have control over nature and the elements, their clothes seemed to shine with their own light, their blades seemed to never lose their sharpness. Less educated folks couldn't explain these effects, so they simply called them 'magic'.
However, each race had their own special abilities that seemed incomprehensible to others. Hobbits had a seemingly supernatural ability to hide when they wished to remain unseen. <ref>{{FR|Hobbits}}</ref> Dwarves were unmatched in the art of mining and building halls underground. Wizards had such wisdom and knowledge of the world and all things in it that they appeared to have mystical powers. To each of these races, what they did had nothing to do with magic, it was just how they did things. It may have been so too with Elves. Whether there was any kind of mystical energy involved in the things Elves made can never be proved or disproved. <ref>{{L|131}}</ref>
However, at the end of the day this is all retarded because i'm only writing all of this to try and dumb down the existence of anything spiritual, or rather any idea of any sort of achievement or attainment in this world that is up and beyond or above what we as humans can achieve. My bias is obvious, and it would be better if I sewed my own mouth shut and never talked to anyone ever again.
Other races often spoke of 'Elf magic', or of objects made by Elves as if they contained enchantments. It is unclear how accurate it is to call Elvish arts and crafts 'magic' or 'enchanted'. Elves themselves only used these words when attempting to simplify or clarify how elvish-made things seemed to have a special quality that no other races were able to achieve. Powerful Elves seemed to have control over nature and the elements, their clothes seemed to shine with their own light, their blades seemed to never lose their sharpness. Less educated folks could not explain these effects, so they simply called them 'magic'.
==Major divisions==
{{familytree/start|align=center}}
{{familytree | | | | | | |QUE| | | | | | | | | | | | QUE=[[Quendi]]<br /><small>All Elves</small> }}
{{familytree | | | | | | | |)|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| | | | | }}
{{familytree | | | | | | |ELD| | | || AVA| | | | | | ELD=[[Eldar]]<br /><small>West-elves</small>|AVA=[[Avari]]<br /><small>The Unwilling</small> }}
{{familytree | | |,|-|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | }}
{{familytree | |VAN| | |NOL| | |TEL| | | | | | | | | VAN=[[Vanyar]]<br /><small>Fair-elves</small>|NOL=[[Noldor]]<br /><small>Deep-elves</small>|TEL=[[Teleri]]<br /><small>The Hindmost</small> }}
{{familytree | | | | |,|-|-|^|-|-|.| |!| | | | | | | | | }}
{{familytree | | | |AMA| | | |EXI|!| | | | | | | | | | | AMA=Amanyar Noldor<br /><small>Noldor of Aman</small>|EXI=[[Exile of the Noldor|Etyañgoldi]]<br /><small>Exiled Noldor</small> }}
{{familytree | | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|-|.| | | | }}
{{familytree | | | | | | |FAL| | |SIN| | |NAN| | | | | | FAL=[[Falmari]]<br /><small>Sea-elves</small>|SIN=[[Sindar]]<br /><small>Grey-elves</small>|NAN=[[Nandor]]<br /><small>Followers of [[Lenwë]]</small> }}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|-|^|-|-|.| }}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | |LAQ| | | |SIL| | LAQ=[[Laiquendi]]<br /><small>Green-elves</small>|SIL=[[Silvan Elves]]<br /><small> Wood-elves</small> }}
{{familytree/end}}
The term ''quendi'' refers to all Elves; it was was created at Cuiviénen before the Elves had contact with any other race.<ref name=B>{{WJ|B}}</ref>{{rp|372}} When Oromë invited the Elves to Valinor, those who followed him on the Great Journey were called the Eldar,<ref name=B>{{WJ|B}}</ref>{{rp|374}} while those who refused were called the Avari.<ref name=S3>{{S|3}}</ref> The Eldar were divided into three clans−the Vanyar, the Noldor, and the Teleri.<ref name=S3 /> All of the Vanyar and Noldor reached Aman. Two groups of Teleri abandoned the Great Journey: the Nandor, who came to live in the [[Vale of Anduin]],<ref name=S3 /> and the Sindar, who remained in Beleriand.<ref>{{S|4}}</ref> The Nandor eventually split into the Laiquendi, who migrated into Beleriand and settled in [[Ossiriand]], and the Silvan Elves, who established realms in [[Mirkwood]] and [[Lothlórien]]. Those Teleri who completed the Great Journey and settled in Aman were called the Falmari.<ref name=S3 /> Those Noldor who later returned to Middle-earth in exile were called the ''Etyañgoldi''.<ref name=B>{{WJ|B}}</ref>{{rp|374}}
==Languages==
==Inspiration==
===Germanic influence===
In ''[[The Book of Lost Tales]]'', a diminutive fairy-like race of elves had once been a great and mighty people who had "diminished" as Men took over the world.<ref name="bolt1" /><ref>{{HM|LT2}}</ref><ref name="Fimi">[[Dimitra Fimi]], [http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2386/is_2_117/ai_n16676591 "Mad" Elves and "elusive beauty": some Celtic strands of Tolkien's mythology] in ''Folklore'', vol. 117, iss. 2, August 2006, pp. 156–170</ref> themselves influenced by the [[Wikipedia:Elf|Elves]] of Northern European mythologies, especially the god-like and human-sized ''[[Wikipedia:Light elf|Ljósálfar]]'' of Norse mythology,<ref>[[Tom Shippey]], ''[[The Road to Middle-earth]]''</ref> also appearing in medieval works such as ''[[Sir Orfeo]]'', the Welsh [[Pwyll Prince of Dyved|Mabinogion]], [[The Fall of Arthur|Arthurian romances]] and the legends of the [[Wikipedia:Tuatha Dé Danann|Tuatha Dé Danann]].<ref name="Anderson1">[[J.R.R. Tolkien]] and [[Douglas A. Anderson]] (ed.), ''[[The Annotated Hobbit]]'', p. 120</ref>
In ''[[The Book of Lost Tales]]'', a diminutive fairy-like race of elves had once been a great and mighty people who had "diminished" as Men took over the world.<ref name="bolt1" /><ref>{{HM|LT2}}</ref><ref name="Fimi">[[Dimitra Fimi]], [http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2386/is_2_117/ai_n16676591 "Mad" Elves and "elusive beauty": some Celtic strands of Tolkien's mythology] in ''Folklore'', vol. 117, iss. 2, August 2006, pp. 156–170</ref> They were influenced by the [[Wikipedia:Elf|Elves]] of Northern European mythologies, especially the god-like and human-sized ''[[Wikipedia:Light elf|Ljósálfar]]'' of Norse mythology,<ref>[[Tom Shippey]], ''[[The Road to Middle-earth]]''</ref> also appearing in medieval works such as ''[[Sir Orfeo]]'', the Welsh [[Pwyll Prince of Dyved|Mabinogion]], [[The Fall of Arthur|Arthurian romances]] and the legends of the [[Wikipedia:Tuatha Dé Danann|Tuatha Dé Danann]].<ref name="Anderson1">[[J.R.R. Tolkien]] and [[Douglas A. Anderson]] (ed.), ''[[The Annotated Hobbit]]'', p. 120</ref>
Terry Gunnell also claims that the relationship between beautiful ships and the Elves is reminiscent of Njörðr and Skíðblaðni, Freyr's ship.<ref name="Articles"/>
===Fairies===
Traditional "Victorian" dancing fairies and elves appear in Tolkien's early poetry,<ref name = "bolt1">{{HM|LT1}}</ref> and have influence upon his later works<ref>[[Dimitra Fimi]], "[http://www.nottingham.ac.uk/english/working_with_english/Fimi_31_05_06.pdf Come sing ye light fairy things tripping so gay: Victorian Fairies and the Early Work of J. R. R. Tolkien]". ''Working With English: Medieval and Modern Language, Literature and Drama''. Retrieved 11/01/08</ref> in part due to the influence of a production of J.M. Barrie's ''Peter Pan'' in [[Birmingham]] in 1910<ref name="Carpenter">[[Humphrey Carpenter]], ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien: A Biography]]''</ref> and his familiarity with the work of Catholic mystic poet, Francis Thompson<ref name="Carpenter" /> whose work Tolkien had acquired in 1914.<ref name="bolt1" />
Traditional "Victorian" dancing [[fairies]] and elves appear in Tolkien's early poetry,<ref name = "bolt1">{{HM|LT1}}</ref> and have influence upon his later works<ref>[[Dimitra Fimi]], "[http://www.nottingham.ac.uk/english/working_with_english/Fimi_31_05_06.pdf Come sing ye light fairy things tripping so gay: Victorian Fairies and the Early Work of J. R. R. Tolkien]". ''Working With English: Medieval and Modern Language, Literature and Drama''. Retrieved 11/01/08</ref> in part due to the influence of a production of J.M. Barrie's ''Peter Pan'' in [[Birmingham]] in 1910<ref name="Carpenter">[[Humphrey Carpenter]], ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien: A Biography]]''</ref> and his familiarity with the work of Catholic mystic poet, Francis Thompson<ref name="Carpenter" /> whose work Tolkien had acquired in 1914.<ref name="bolt1" />
In ''The Book of Lost Tales'' Tolkien includes both the more serious 'medieval' type of elves such as [[Fëanor]] and [[Turgon]] alongside the frivolous, "Jacobean-era" type of elves such as the [[Solosimpi]] and [[Lúthien|Tinúviel]].<ref name="Anderson1" />
He rather suggested words such as ''Alp, Alb'', historically the more normal form and true cognate of English ''elf''.<ref>{{HM|N}}, p. 756, s.v. "Elven-smiths".</ref>
* '''[[:Category:Images of Elves|Images of Elves]]'''
{{references}}
"Who told you, and who sent you?" — Gandalf
This article or section needs more/new/more-detailed sources to conform to a higher standard and to provide proof for claims made.
"At Lake Cuiviénen" by Ted Nasmith
Other names People of the Stars, Firstborn, Elder Children of Ilúvatar
Origins Firstborn of the Children of Ilúvatar
Locations Cuiviénen, Tirion, Taniquetil, Formenos, Alqualondë, Tol Eressëa, Doriath, Falas, Hithlum, Ossiriand, Vinyamar, Nargothrond, Gondolin, Edhellond, Mouths of Sirion, Isle of Balar, Lindon, Eldalondë, Eregion, Belfalas, Lothlórien, Rivendell, Mirkwood and Ithilien
Rivalries Orcs, Dwarves
Languages Various Elvish languages, most notably Quenya and Sindarin; Westron
People Vanyar, Noldor, Teleri, Sindar, Nandor, Silvan, Falmari, Avari
Members Ingwë, Thingol, Finwë, Fëanor, Fingolfin, Gil-galad, Galadriel, Finrod, Sons of Fëanor, Lúthien, Fingon, Turgon, Idril, Maeglin, Círdan, Celeborn, Celebrimbor
Lifespan Arda's existence; near immortality
Average height Tall
Hair color Blond, black, brown, red, and occasionally silver
Skin color Pale to tan
Weaponry Typically swords and bows
Gallery Images of Elves
The Elves (Quendi) were the first of the races of the Children of Ilúvatar, known also as the Firstborn for that reason. The Elves are distinguished from the other two races, the Men and the Dwarves, especially by the fact of their near immortality.
1.1 Awakening
1.2 Sundering
1.3 Exile of the Noldor
1.4 Battles of Beleriand
1.5 Salvation
1.6 Decline
2 Life and customs
3 Arts, crafts, powers and magic
4 Major divisions
6.1 Germanic influence
6.2 Celtic influence
6.3 Eschatology
6.4 Fairies
Main article: Awakening of the Elves
Ted Nasmith - The Dawn of the Firstborn Elves
About the same time that Varda, Queen of the Valier, ended her labours in creating the Stars, the Elves awoke beside the lake Cuiviénen. The first things they saw were the stars, and henceforth they adored them. The first sound they heard was the flowing of water, and henceforth they loved water as well.
They made speech then, and called themselves the Quendi. Melkor was the first to be aware of them, and he caused evil spirits to go about among them. When one or a small group wandered abroad, they would often vanish. It is believed that Melkor may have created Orcs with the elves he captured.
Oromë, the Huntsman of the Valar, happened upon them when he heard their singing far-off. He was amazed to see them, and called them the Eldar, "People of the Stars".
Main article: Sundering of the Elves
Anke Eißmann - Oromë espies the first Elves
Though at first the Quendi were afraid of Oromë, the noblest among them saw that he was no dark horseman, as the lies of Melkor claimed. He had the light of Aman in his eyes and face, and they were drawn to him.
After spending a while among the Quendi, Oromë returned to Valinor and took council with the other Valar and Valier. At the counsel of Ilúvatar, Manwë, King of the Valar, decided that they must go to war against Melkor to protect the Quendi from him. After a great battle and Siege of Utumno, which reshaped the earth itself, Melkor was bound and cast into the prison of Mandos. Then the Valar, pleased with the outcome, summoned the Elves to Valinor, seeking fellowship with them.
At Oromë's urging, many of the Elves (especially the kindreds of Ingwë, Finwë, and Elwë) agreed. But others, henceforth called the Avari, declared that they preferred starlight and the wide spaces of Middle-earth. So the Elves were first sundered. During the journey to Belegaer, gradually the number of the Elves began to lessen as various groups dropped away. Some of the Teleri (kindred of Elwë) refused to cross the Misty Mountains, and settled in Anduin under the leadership of Lenwë, to be called later the Nandor. Elwë then went missing, and in dismay the rest of the Teleri remained behind, while the Noldor (kindred of Finwë) and Vanyar (kindred of Ingwë) used an island as a ship, and found at last Aman and Valinor.
After several years, Oromë returned to search for the Teleri. Some, under Olwë, relented and followed. Others remained to continue to search for Elwë. Still others, under Círdan, remained because in that time they had become devoted to Ossë and the Sea. Those Teleri that chose to remain were called the Sindar. Elwë, who had fallen asleep due to his enchantment with Melian, returned to claim lordship and establish them in Doriath. The Noldor and some of the Teleri, however, built the great cities of Tirion and Alqualondë (respectively) in Aman. The Vanyar dwelt in Valmar, for they were closest to the Valar of the kindreds.
Exile of the Noldor
Main article: Exile of the Noldor
Jenny Dolfen - The Coming of Fingolfin
Melkor, having been released on the promise of good behavior, spread lies about the Valar among the Noldor. Fëanor, the eldest son of Finwë and one of the greatest Elves to have ever lived, hated Melkor more than all the other Noldor, but was paradoxically one of the most influenced by his lies. He forged weapons, and his greatest works, the Silmarils, captured the light of the Two Trees – and his own heart. After Melkor stole the Silmarils and killed Finwë, Fëanor stirred the Noldor to open disobedience to the Valar. In an epic journey filled with treachery, death, and deceit, the Noldor entered in to Exile, crossing over into Beleriand.
Battles of Beleriand
Main article: Battles of Beleriand
There were five great battles fought in Beleriand. The First Battle was the result of an attack by Melkor on Círdan and Elwë (now known as Thingol). Though the Elves managed to resist the attack successfully, this left Melkor essentially with full reign of Beleriand. Upon the sudden and unanticipated Return of the Noldor, the tables were reversed in the Dagor-nuin-Giliath. The third battle (“Dagor Aglareb”) occurred when Melkor tried unsuccessfully to destroy the Elves, breaking forth from Angband. This only resulted in the vigilant Siege of Angband. Morgoth was more successful in the next battle, Dagor Bragollach, which ended in the deaths of many Elven princes, among them Fingolfin, High King of the Noldor. The siege was broken. Several decades later, Maedhros, eldest son of Fëanor, counterattacked in the Nirnaeth Arnoediad. Although at first very successful, the tide turned against the Elves, and ended in the destruction of Hithlum. It was not half a century later that Gondolin, the last real stronghold of the Noldor, was destroyed. Doriath, the centre of the Sindarin realm, was sacked by Dwarves.
Ted Nasmith - Eärendil and The Battle of Eagles and Dragons
Main article: War of Wrath
With the near destruction of the Elves, the last survivors were at the Mouths of Sirion and Balar and were led by Gil-galad and Círdan. Among them was Eärendil, the son of Tuor and Idril. Eärendil made a miraculous voyage to Valinor to beg the pardon of the Valar. His request was granted. The Valar came across the Sea to Middle-earth, and in the War of Wrath thrust Morgoth into the Void and purged Beleriand. They offered to let the Elves return with them to Valinor; some accepted, but many others, under Gil-galad, chose to remain.
Angus McBride - Celebrimbor
Though Morgoth was gone to trouble the world no longer, Sauron, his greatest servant, was still there, and he made war on the remaining Elves who chose not to depart Middle-earth throughout the Second and Third Ages.
During this time the Elves realized how Men were rising to take their place, and Sauron exploited their longing. Annatar corrupted Celebrimbor, the grandson of Fëanor, to wright the Rings of Power, especially the Three Rings to preserve the Elves. Annatar was a guise of Sauron who also forged a ring – the One Ring. However the Elves realised the deception and defied Sauron, who then waged War against them. In the following centuries Elves continued to heed the invitation of the Valar, desire the Sea and depart for the Undying Lands. Realms such as Dol Amroth were deserted and gave their place to Men.
Well into the Fourth Age and the Dominion of Men, most Elves apparently had left the Westlands, with most populations remaining at least in Mirkwood and Lindon. Rivendell and Lothlórien appeared mostly abandoned around the time of King Elessar's and Arwen's death.[1]
The Elves eventually faded, as their spirits overwhelmed and consumed their bodies. At the end of the world, all Elves will have become invisible to mortal eyes, known as Lingerers, except to those to whom they wish to manifest themselves.[2] Ilúvatar had not revealed the role of the Elves after the End.[3]
Life and customs
Main articles: Elven characteristics, Elven life cycle, and Elven customs
Besides being considered more beautiful than men, Elves were also generally taller. Their hair colour varied; but the basic rules were that the Noldor generally had dark hair (brown or black), the Vanyar golden, and the Teleri silver or dark. Their eyes are usually described as grey.
Their most distinguishing characteristic from the Mortal races was the fact that they were invulnerable to age or disease; unless they were killed by sword or sorrow, they would live to the end of the world. Unlike Men whose fëar (spirits) left Arda when their bodies died, Elves' fëar were bound to Arda until its ending. If an Elf's hröa (body) died, its fëa would be summoned to the Halls of Mandos, where the Valar could re-embody the Elf in a hröa that was identical to the Elf's previous hröa. However, if an Elf committed evil acts during their lifetime and refused to repent, the Valar could delay the Elf's re-embodiment, impose conditions on it, or refuse it altogether.[4][5] An Elf could refuse the summons to Mandos or choose to remain disembodied,[4][6] but the Elf's houseless fëa would still be unable to leave Arda.
Arts, crafts, powers and magic
Major divisions
Quendi
All Elves
West-elves
Avari
The Unwilling
Vanyar
Fair-elves
Noldor
Deep-elves
Teleri
The Hindmost
Amanyar Noldor
Noldor of Aman
Etyañgoldi
Exiled Noldor
Falmari
Sea-elves
Sindar
Grey-elves
Followers of Lenwë
Laiquendi
Green-elves
Silvan Elves
Wood-elves
The term quendi refers to all Elves; it was was created at Cuiviénen before the Elves had contact with any other race.[7]:372 When Oromë invited the Elves to Valinor, those who followed him on the Great Journey were called the Eldar,[7]:374 while those who refused were called the Avari.[8] The Eldar were divided into three clans−the Vanyar, the Noldor, and the Teleri.[8] All of the Vanyar and Noldor reached Aman. Two groups of Teleri abandoned the Great Journey: the Nandor, who came to live in the Vale of Anduin,[8] and the Sindar, who remained in Beleriand.[9] The Nandor eventually split into the Laiquendi, who migrated into Beleriand and settled in Ossiriand, and the Silvan Elves, who established realms in Mirkwood and Lothlórien. Those Teleri who completed the Great Journey and settled in Aman were called the Falmari.[8] Those Noldor who later returned to Middle-earth in exile were called the Etyañgoldi.[7]:374
Main article: Elvish
Donato Giancola - Lore
Because Tolkien developed the Elves almost for his languages, those he developed are of special interest to many Tolkien scholars. His primary languages are Quenya and Sindarin, but these have many variants and dialects as is seen in the table below. They were generally written in the Cirth and Tengwar scripts.
Primitive Quendian
Various Avarin languages (some later merged with Nandorin)
Common Eldarin (the early language of all the Eldar)
Quenya (the language of the Noldor and the Vanyar)
Quendya (also Vanyarin Quenya) (daily tongue of the Vanyar: closest to archaic Quenya)
Noldorin Quenya (also Exilic Quenya) (the "Elven Latin" of Middle-earth)
Common Telerin (the early language of all the Lindar)
Telerin (the language of the Teleri who reached the Undying Lands)
Nandorin (languages of the Nandor — some were influenced by Avarin)
Original language of Greenwood the Great
Original language of Lórinand
Sindarin (language of the Sindar)
Doriathrin (dialect of Doriath)
Falathrin (dialect of the Falas and Nargothrond)
North Sindarin (dialects of Dorthonion and Hithlum)
Gondor Sindarin (dialect of Gondor)
Germanic influence
In The Book of Lost Tales, a diminutive fairy-like race of elves had once been a great and mighty people who had "diminished" as Men took over the world.[10][11][12] They were influenced by the Elves of Northern European mythologies, especially the god-like and human-sized Ljósálfar of Norse mythology,[13] also appearing in medieval works such as Sir Orfeo, the Welsh Mabinogion, Arthurian romances and the legends of the Tuatha Dé Danann.[14]
Terry Gunnell also claims that the relationship between beautiful ships and the Elves is reminiscent of Njörðr and Skíðblaðni, Freyr's ship.[15]
Celtic influence
Tolkien expressed a dislike in Celtic legends and denied that his legendarium is "Celtic",[16] however it is believed that Celtic Mythology had a great influence on Tolkien's writings on Elves [17][15] and some of the stories Tolkien wrote as their 'legends' are directly influenced by it.[12] For example, the Noldor are based on the Tuatha Dé Danann in the Lebor Gabála Érenn, and their migratory nature comes from early Irish/Celtic history.[12] John Garth has also referenced the Tuatha Dé Danann in suggesting Tolkien was essentially rewriting Irish fairy traditions.
Tolkien also retains the usage of the Celtic and popular term 'fairy' for the same creatures.[18] The Elves are also called fair folk (based on Welsh Tylwyth teg 'the beautiful kindred' = fairies)[19] although they are unrelated to fairies.
The larger Elves are also inspired by Tolkien's Christian theology — as representing the state of Men in Eden who have not yet "fallen" — similar to humans but fairer and wiser, with greater spiritual powers, keener senses, and a closer empathy with nature, freed from human limitations, immortal, with wills directly effective for the achievement of imagination and desire.[20]
Traditional "Victorian" dancing fairies and elves appear in Tolkien's early poetry,[10] and have influence upon his later works[21] in part due to the influence of a production of J.M. Barrie's Peter Pan in Birmingham in 1910[20] and his familiarity with the work of Catholic mystic poet, Francis Thompson[20] whose work Tolkien had acquired in 1914.[10]
In The Book of Lost Tales Tolkien includes both the more serious 'medieval' type of elves such as Fëanor and Turgon alongside the frivolous, "Jacobean-era" type of elves such as the Solosimpi and Tinúviel.[14]
Tolkien also developed the idea of children visiting Valinor in their sleep. Elves would also visit and comfort chided or upset children at night. This theme was largely abandoned.[22]
However after the publication of The Lord of the Rings, Tolkien repeatedly expressed his misgivings concerning the undesirable associations of the name "elf" like those of A Midsummer Night's Dream, the Victorian notions of fairies or mischievous imps, the imaginations of Michael Drayton or the fanciful beings with butterfly wings.
He proposed that in translations the "oldest available form of the name" be used for more elevated notions of beings "supposed to possess formidable magical powers in early Teutonic mythology" (OED viz. the Old English ælf, from Proto-Germanic *albo-z). Tolkien warned against associations to the debased English notion of elfin and suggested that Germans would not translate his Elves as Elf, elfen, words which might retain the undesirable images.
He rather suggested words such as Alp, Alb, historically the more normal form and true cognate of English elf.[23]
Images of Elves
↑ J.R.R. Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings, Appendix A, "The Númenorean Kings", "The Tale of Aragorn and Arwen"
↑ J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), Morgoth's Ring, "Part Three. The Later Quenta Silmarillion: (II) The Second Phase: Laws and Customs among the Eldar"
↑ J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), The Silmarillion, "Quenta Silmarillion: Of the Beginning of Days"
↑ 4.0 4.1 J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), Morgoth's Ring, "Part Four. Athrabeth Finrod ah Andreth: Author's Notes on the 'Commentary'", p. 339
↑ J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), The Peoples of Middle-earth, "Last Writings", pp. 380, 389
↑ J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), The Peoples of Middle-earth, "The Shibboleth of Fëanor", "The case of the Quenya change of Þ to s", p. 334
↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), The War of the Jewels, "Part Four. Quendi and Eldar: B. Meanings and use of the various terms applied to the Elves and their varieties in Quenya, Telerin, and Sindarin"
↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), The Silmarillion, "Quenta Silmarillion: Of the Coming of the Elves and the Captivity of Melkor"
↑ J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), The Silmarillion, "Quenta Silmarillion: Of Thingol and Melian"
↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), The Book of Lost Tales Part One
↑ J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), The Book of Lost Tales Part Two
↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 Dimitra Fimi, "Mad" Elves and "elusive beauty": some Celtic strands of Tolkien's mythology in Folklore, vol. 117, iss. 2, August 2006, pp. 156–170
↑ Tom Shippey, The Road to Middle-earth
↑ 14.0 14.1 J.R.R. Tolkien and Douglas A. Anderson (ed.), The Annotated Hobbit, p. 120
↑ 15.0 15.1 Terry Gunnell, "Tívar in a Timeless Land: Tolkien's Elves" conference lecture delivered on 13 September 2002
↑ Humphrey Carpenter, J.R.R. Tolkien: A Biography, p. 26
↑ John Garth, Tolkien and the Great War, p. 222
↑ Marjorie J. Burns, Perilous Realms: Celtic and Norse in Tolkien's Middle-earth, p. 22
↑ J.R.R. Tolkien, "Nomenclature of The Lord of the Rings" in Wayne G. Hammond and Christina Scull (eds), The Lord of the Rings: A Reader's Companion, p. 757 cf. "Fair folk"
↑ 20.0 20.1 20.2 Humphrey Carpenter, J.R.R. Tolkien: A Biography
↑ Dimitra Fimi, "Come sing ye light fairy things tripping so gay: Victorian Fairies and the Early Work of J. R. R. Tolkien". Working With English: Medieval and Modern Language, Literature and Drama. Retrieved 11/01/08
↑ J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), The Book of Lost Tales Part One, "The Cottage of Lost Play"
↑ J.R.R. Tolkien, "Nomenclature of The Lord of the Rings" in Wayne G. Hammond and Christina Scull (eds), The Lord of the Rings: A Reader's Companion, p. 756, s.v. "Elven-smiths".
(Quendi · People of the Stars · Firstborn · Elder Kindred)
Three Kindreds:
(Eldar · Eldalië · Edhil)
Vanyar (Fair-elves · Minyar) · Noldor (Deep-elves · Tatyar) · Teleri (Lindar · Nelyar)
Calaquendi:
(High-elves · Amanyar)
Vanyar · Noldor · Falmari
Úmanyar:
Sindar (Grey-elves · Eglath) · Nandor (Green-elves · Silvan Elves)
Moriquendi:
Úmanyar · Avari (Dark Elves · The Unwilling)
Awakening of the Elves · Sundering of the Elves · Great Journey
Retrieved from "http://tolkiengateway.net/wiki/Elves"
Categories: Sourceless | Elves | Races
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Kilkenny, Ireland : Classification : World War II
World War 2 - 1939-1945. As this is such a large topic there are hundreds of websites listed here. To narrow down your search we recommend that you use the Keyword page.
Classification: Graves / Memorials / Roll of Honour, Army, World War II
Title: Army Roll of Honour 1939-1945
Link: Army Roll of Honour 1939-1945 from Find My Past
Description: Army Roll of Honour 1939-1945
Extra Info: The source is the Army Roll of Honour 1939-1945, an original document held under shelf reference WO304 at The National Archives.
Classification: RAF / RFC / RNAS, Navy, Army, Marines, World War I, World War II, Boer Wars, Other Battles / Wars / Conflicts, Prisoners of War, Pictures / Photographs, Aircraft, Ships, Other Transport, Hospitals / Nursing, Academy / Training / Cadets, Information, Other
Title: British Pathe Film Archive
Link: https://www.britishpathe.com
Description: British Pathe Film Archive 1896-1970
Extra Info: All sorts of social and military history on film.
Classification: Graves / Memorials / Roll of Honour, World War I, World War II, Other Battles / Wars / Conflicts
Title: Eddies Extracts
Link: http://freepages.rootsweb.com/~econnolly/genealogy...
Description: Eddies Extracts
Extra Info: Transcriptions of deceased seamen and the names of over 25,000 Presbyterians who served in WW1.
Classification: Army, World War I, World War II
Title: Find My Past's The Military Collection
Link: Find My Past's Military, armed forces & conflict
Description: Find My Past's The Military Collection
Extra Info: An extensive military collection to help you to locate your ancestors who served in World War One and World War Two.
Classification: Graves / Memorials / Roll of Honour, World War I, World War II, Boer Wars, Crimean War
Title: Geograph Britain and Ireland
Link: http://www.geograph.org.uk/
Description: Geograph Britain and Ireland
Extra Info: The project aims to collect geographically representative photographs and information for every square kilometre of Great Britain and Ireland. Use the search to find 'war memorials' for your area.
Classification: Navy, World War II, Other
Title: Global Shark Attack File
Link: http://www.sharkattackfile.net/
Description: Global Shark Attack File
Extra Info: List of shark attacks worldwide, fatal and non fatal, at least one Wren mentioned from an attack in WW2.
Classification: RAF / RFC / RNAS, Navy, Army, Marines, World War I, World War II, Boer Wars, Other Battles / Wars / Conflicts, Prisoners of War, Pictures / Photographs, Aircraft, Ships, Newspapers
Title: Guardian Newspaper
Link: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jul/31/-sp-...
Description: Guardian Newspaper - How it Covered the Last Century
Extra Info: The newspaper articles cover the period 1899-1999.
Classification: World War I, World War II, Other Battles / Wars / Conflicts, Muster / Militia Rolls
Title: Ireland Genealogy Projects Archive
Link: http://www.igp-web.com/IGPArchives/
Description: Ireland Genealogy Projects Archive
Extra Info: Includes muster rolls for some counties and some information about the Irish Rebellion of 1798.
Classification: Graves / Memorials / Roll of Honour, World War I, World War II, Boer Wars, Crimean War, Napoleonic Wars, Other Battles / Wars / Conflicts
Title: Irish War Memorials
Link: http://www.irishwarmemorials.ie/
Description: Irish War Memorials
Extra Info: Can search by name or by the wars.
Classification: Graves / Memorials / Roll of Honour, Navy, World War I, World War II, Boer Wars, Napoleonic Wars, Other Battles / Wars / Conflicts
Title: Maritime Memorials
Link: http://memorials.rmg.co.uk/
Description: Maritime Memorials
Extra Info: The National Maritime Museum memorial index includes records of monuments commemorating British people with maritime related work or careers and the victims of disaster at sea.
Classification: Graves / Memorials / Roll of Honour, Army, World War I, World War II, Boer Wars, Crimean War, Napoleonic Wars, Other Battles / Wars / Conflicts, Pictures / Photographs
Title: Mary Evans Picture Library
Link: https://www.maryevans.com/
Description: Mary Evans Picture Library
Extra Info: Over 2 million historical and cinema images. Easy to search - can limit by type of photograph and century. Includes pictures of war memorials, wars, ships, tanks, soldiers and much more.
Classification: World War II
Title: National Archives - Online Merchant Navy Indexes and Records
Description: National Archives - Online Merchant Navy Indexes and Records
Extra Info: Online Merchant Navy indexes and records.
Classification: RAF / RFC / RNAS, Navy, Army, Marines, World War I, World War II, Other Battles / Wars / Conflicts, Other
Title: National Archives - Selected Cabinet Papers
Link: http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/cabinetpapers/
Description: National Archives - Selected Cabinet Papers 1915-1979
Extra Info: Collection of cabinet papers, covering topics such as Ireland's independence, world war one, the cold war, marriage allowances in the Navy and much more.
Classification: RAF / RFC / RNAS, World War I, World War II, Aircraft, Ships, Newspapers
Title: Newspapers Online via Google
Link: https://news.google.com/newspapers
Description: Newspapers Online via Google
Extra Info: Many newspapers are being put online. Currently there are only a handful from the UK and Ireland, but this is growing. Many newspapers from USA and Canada that mention British ships and British events.
Classification: Graves / Memorials / Roll of Honour, RAF / RFC / RNAS, Navy, Army, World War I, World War II, Boer Wars, Crimean War, Napoleonic Wars, Other Battles / Wars / Conflicts
Title: Officers Died Website
Link: http://glosters.tripod.com/index.html
Description: Officers Died Website
Extra Info: Includes many different battles, but includes specific details of the Gloucester Regiment in WWI and WWII.
Classification: RAF / RFC / RNAS, Navy, Army, Marines, World War I, World War II, Boer Wars, Crimean War, Napoleonic Wars, Other Battles / Wars / Conflicts, Prisoners of War, Ships, Diaries / Log Books / Letters, Information, Other
Title: Open Library
Link: http://openlibrary.org/
Description: Open Library - Scanned Books Online
Extra Info: Use the search facility and select e books only. Can also search within book text easily. Includes many books about all aspects of British Military History. Includes lots of accounts of voyagers of exploration by naval ships.
Classification: Graves / Memorials / Roll of Honour, RAF / RFC / RNAS, Navy, Army, World War I, World War II, Boer Wars, Crimean War, Other Battles / Wars / Conflicts, Prisoners of War, Pictures / Photographs, Aircraft, Ships, Other Transport, Diaries / Log Books / Letters
Title: Science and Society Picture Library
Link: https://www.scienceandsociety.co.uk
Description: Science and Society Picture Library
Extra Info: Over 50,000 images including many images of war, poster campaigns, letters from the wars and more.
Classification: Graves / Memorials / Roll of Honour, RAF / RFC / RNAS, Navy, Army, World War I, World War II, Boer Wars, Crimean War, Other Battles / Wars / Conflicts
Title: Soldiers' Memorials Website
Link: http://www.angelfire.com/mp/memorials/memindz1.htm
Description: Soldiers' Memorials Website
Extra Info: Includes some memorials by conflict and some by regiment.
Classification: Graves / Memorials / Roll of Honour, World War I, World War II, Boer Wars, Crimean War, Other Battles / Wars / Conflicts
Title: The Irish in Uniform
Link: http://homepage.eircom.net/~tipperaryfame/
Description: The Irish in Uniform
Extra Info: The site remembers the service of Irish men and women who wore unforms and were involved with the conflicts of the 18th and 20th centuries. Includes memorials from Tipperary.
Classification: Graves / Memorials / Roll of Honour, World War I, World War II
Title: University of Glasgow Story
Link: https://universitystory.gla.ac.uk/
Description: University of Glasgow Story
Extra Info: Includes all members of the university community who served in WWI, those who served and fell in WWII, many with biographies and more.
Title: War Memorials Online
Link: https://www.warmemorialsonline.org.uk/
Description: War Memorials Online - Recording, Conserving and Remembering our war memorials
Extra Info: War Memorials Online is an unprecedented opportunity for the public to upload images of war memorials and log concerns for the conservation of these important community and historical sources for future generations.
Classification: RAF / RFC / RNAS, Army, World War II
Title: Wartime Memories Project - World War Two
Link: http://www.wartimememories.co.uk/
Description: Wartime Memories Project - World War Two
Extra Info: The aim of this website is to share stories, photographs and documents relating to the World War Two. Including location of regiments and battalions, names of those serving and more. More information being added frequently.
Classification: World War I, World War II, Boer Wars, Crimean War, Napoleonic Wars, Other Battles / Wars / Conflicts, Prisoners of War, Pictures / Photographs, Diaries / Log Books / Letters, Information
Title: Wellcome Collection - Images of 2000 years
Link: https://wellcomecollection.org/works
Description: Wellcome Collection - Images of 2000 years
Extra Info: Many images of war, including images of Christmas postcards send during WWI. Can be downloaded or printed for a fee.
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LOVE THE BEAST
Eric Bana's father, Ivan, gave his 15 year old son a second hand Ford GT Falcon Coupe, which Eric has treasured and rebuilt (several times) since. Eric explores his 25 year love affair with the car he calls The Beast, and what it means to nurture such a relationship with Dr Phil. He also documents racing in the 5 day Targa Tasmania Rally, and visits Jay Leno's enormous vintage car collection.
Review by Andrew L. Urban:
A rev head's delight, Eric Bana's two year odyssey to document his 25 year relationship with a motor vehicle is a sometimes entertaining, sometimes (unavoidably) indulgent work that is good hearted, sincere and partially illuminating as a portrait of the Bana family. But we only hear briefly from his wife, who indulges Eric's passionate hobby with a pragmatically relaxed view.
The documentary follows the history of the car and its various incarnations, and we follow Eric as he talks to a disdainful Jeremy Clarkson (always good copy) who points out how it's quite normal to have an emotional relationship with a car, and the contempo guru on life, Dr Phil. I could have done without Dr Phil.
The most interesting discovery for me is Jay Leno's staggering collection of vintage cars, which are housed in what looks like two specially fitted warehouses. Eric misses the opportunity to question Jay Leno on this, but we do see him make two guest appearances on his TV show.
The racing sequences, shot with cameras inside and outside the car are exhilarating enough, although it is likely that the average punter will find them unbalancing the film. There is also a strange little incident in which we meet a couple whose run down old Ford is the subject of much attention from an old Eric Bana car-club team member, but I guess the filmmakers found it offered some extra 'colour'.
LOVE THE BEAST (M)
(Aust, 2009)
CAST: Documentary featuring Eric Bana, Jay leno, Jeremy Clarkson, Dr Phil
PRODUCER: Eric Bana, Peter Hill, Matt Hill
DIRECTOR: Eric Bana
CINEMATOGRAPHER: David Rose, Rod Pollard
EDITOR: Conor O'neill
MUSIC: Yuri Worontschack
AUSTRALIAN DISTRIBUTOR: Madman
AUSTRALIAN RELEASE: March 12, 2009
� Urban Cinefile 1997 - 2019
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Season In Review: 32 Storylines From The 2012 NFL Regular Season 119320http%3A%2F%2Fsportsthenandnow.com%2F2013%2F01%2F03%2Fseason-in-review-32-storylines-from-the-2012-nfl-regular-season%2FSeason+In+Review%3A+32+Storylines+From+The+2012+NFL+Regular+Season2013-01-03+13%3A00%3A20Andy+Larmandhttp%3A%2F%2Fsportsthenandnow.com%2F%3Fp%3D11932
It’s been a good one and I’m sure I speak for everybody when I say we’re all sad to see it go, but the 2012 NFL season has provided us with exciting finishes, triumphant record-breaking performances, comebacks, winning streaks, losing streaks and of course, replacement officials. Disappointments, pleasant surprises, rookies leading their teams to the playoffs and unspeakable tragedy have all left their marks on the past 17 weeks as well.
Here are 32 of the biggest stories – one about each team – from the 2012 regular season of NFL football.
Flew into a wall: Cardinals QB Ryan Lindley watches as Janoris Jenkins (left) scoots into the endzone, returning another Arizona pass for a touchdown.
Arizona Cardinals (5-11, 4th in NFC West): Normally, when you lose nine games in a row, that’s the biggest story of the year. That was not the case for the Arizona Cardinals this year, however. Following the rib injury to starting quarterback Kevin Kolb in Week 6, things went from bad to worse in the desert as the Cards spiraled from a 4-0 first place team all the way to the bottom of the NFC West. Arizona’s quarterbacks, John Skelton, Ryan Lindley and Brian Hoyer, were three big reasons why. In that time frame, they combined to go 1-9 and throw 18 interceptions to just three touchdowns. A five-game stretch even resulted in Lindley throwing more touchdowns to opposing teams via interception returns (four) than he threw to his own receivers (zero). A few of the trio’s passing highs included 74, 72 and 64 yards. It probably didn’t help that All-Pro wide receiver Larry Fitzgerald had just 20 catches for 213 yards and no touchdowns in the final seven games of the season. Either they will trust that Kolb will return healthy next season or one would think they spend their first-round pick this spring on a competent quarterback. Head coach Ken Whisenhunt was fired by the team on ‘Black Monday.’
Atlanta Falcons (13-3, 1st in NFC South): The Falcons went 13-3 in 2012 and locked up their second straight No. 1 seed in the NFC playoffs, but that’s not really news – at least not until they actually do something in the playoffs. Matt Ryan improved his home record to 33-4 in five NFL seasons, but that wasn’t even the biggest thing, in my opinion. For the sixth consecutive season, Roddy White played in all 16 games (hasn’t missed a game in his eight-year career) and put up what would seem like Pro Bowl worthy numbers. He did not make it, however, but teammate Julio Jones did. White had 13 more catches and 153 more yards than Jones on the season. Interesting. In fact, White has finished out of the top 10 in receiving yards just once in the last six seasons (2009). In the last six seasons, he has ended up ninth, eighth, second, 13th, fourth and eighth in the NFL in receiving. He has gone to just three Pro Bowls, however, including one due to an injury of another player. The biggest story out of Atlanta this season may just be the fact that one of the most productive receivers in the league from year to year was snubbed from the Pro Bowl after once again bringing that consistent level of exceptional play. Should he be mad? Yes.
Baltimore Ravens (10-6, 1st in AFC North): It was kind of a tale of two seasons for the AFC North champion Ravens. They began the year 9-2 and were in the driver’s seat in the division as well as in good position in the hunt for a first-round bye. Then came injuries, however. Already without Pro Bowl defensive lineman Terrell Suggs, All-Pro Ray Lewis tore his triceps in Week 6 and was out for the rest of the regular season. In Week 7 against Houston, Suggs would return. Their success in the last few seasons shows the importance of those two players to the team. As if the Lewis wasn’t bad enough, cornerback Lardarius Webb tore his ACL in the same game and he, too, was lost for the year. Lewis is slated to make his return this weekend, but without these three players all on the field in the second half of the year, Baltimore went from a 9-2 team to one with an average 10-6 record. Should they face an early exit in the playoffs, these injuries will have likely given them their death sentence as the up-and-down offense can’t really be counted on.
Buffalo Bills (6-10, 4th in AFC East): As one of the most disappointing teams of 2012, the Buffalo Bills were projected by some to be contenders in the AFC East and perhaps even make the playoffs. That illusion was quickly lost, however, after the team began the year with a 3-6 start, including a 48-28 loss to the Jets on Opening Day. They finished 6-10 at the bottom of the division for the fifth straight year. Buffalo has missed the playoffs in 13 consecutive seasons. Of the six teams that they did beat on the year (the Chiefs, Browns, Cardinals, Dolphins, Jaguars and Jets), not one of them had a winning record. In fact, they had a combined record of 27-69. The defense, which was supposed to be solid with the addition of Mario Williams and Marcell Dareus in his second year, gave up 45-plus points four times on the season as the Bills finished 31st in the league in rush yards against, allowing 145.8 per game. C.J. Spiller did have a solid season as he finished eighth in the league with 1,244 rushing yards, but a knee injury to Fred Jackson really ended up hurting the offense, which finished 19th in the league in total yards. Buffalo fired head coach Chan Gailey on Monday.
Rookie linebacker Luke Kuechly led the NFL in tackles this season, but the Panthers still finished below .500.
Carolina Panthers (7-9, 2nd in NFC South): For the third straight year the Panthers finished under .500, but for the second straight year they had a dynamic rookie on the field with them. As the ninth overall pick in the 2012 draft, linebacker Luke Kuechly not only led the team in tackles, but he led the entire league. He finished the season with 164 while also picking off two passes, recovering three fumbles and deflecting eight passes for the 10th-ranked defense in Carolina. He was not selected to the Pro Bowl, however. Kuechly was so impressive that he may have even slightly overshadowed the sophomore season of Cam Newton, who was just the third quarterback ever to lead his team in rushing yards in a season. With the two of them as their foundation, the future looks bright in Carolina if they can build around them. They could return to the playoffs as early as next year for the first time since 2008.
Chicago Bears (10-6, 3rd in NFC North): You can have a good beginning. And you can have a good end. But if you don’t have a good middle, most of the time, success is not on the horizon. The Chicago Bears found this out the hard way in 2012 as they became just the second team since 1990 (out of 53) to miss the playoffs after starting a season 7-1. Unfortunately for them, they lost five of their next six before finishing the season with two straight wins, but by then, it was too late. Jay Cutler‘s injury had a bit to do with it, but ultimately the offense they put out on the field could not get it done in the second half of the year as they averaged just 17.3 points per game in the final eight weeks of the season. Chicago has now missed the playoffs in five of the last six seasons with their only playoff run ending in the NFC Championship Game to the eventual champion Packers two years ago. Head coach Lovie Smith was fired on Monday in a very surprising move that could ultimately result in more bad than good for the team.
Cincinnati Bengals (10-6, 2nd in AFC North): The Bengals are going to the playoffs for the seconds straight year behind their talented second-year playmakers Andy Dalton and A.J. Green. Green really made a leap in his second year as he finished 10th in the league in receiving yards (1,350), tied for fourth in receiving touchdowns (11) and seventh in receptions (97) while making his first trip to the Pro Bowl. He even had a stretch early in the season in which he caught a touchdown pass in nine consecutive games. His 84.4 yards per game also cracked the top 10 in the league. As the team’s biggest name on the offense, Green continued to put up monster numbers even when drawing the best coverage schemes from opposing defenses. His 164 targets in 2012 were tied for fifth in the league behind five of the best receivers of this generation. Green came up seven catches shy of breaking the record for the most receptions by a player in his first two NFL seasons as Cincy opted to rest most of its starters in their season finale. He has a chance to be the most productive receiver in Ohio since Chad Johnson.
Cleveland Browns (5-11, 4th in AFC North): In a backfield that featured two rookie starters in quarterback Brandon Weeden and running back Trent Richardson, the Cleveland Browns were not able to avoid a second straight last place finish in the AFC North, but did win one more game than they did last year (four) if that’s any consolation. Richardson broke Jim Brown‘s franchise record for most rushing yards in a season by a rookie with 950 and also scored 12 total touchdowns. He started every game he appeared in and went over 100 yards three times before being forced to miss the team’s final game with an ankle injury. Weeden also missed the season finale with a shoulder injury. In 15 games at quarterback, he was 297-of-517 passing for 3,385 yards and threw 14 touchdowns. If both of them can come back healthy next year and the Browns can put some other pieces of the puzzle together, they look to be able to contend in the tough AFC North in 2013. Head coach Pat Shurmur and GM Tom Heckert were both fired by the team on Monday.
Tags: 2012a.j. greenAaron Rodgersadrian petersonAFCafc eastafc northafc southafc westalex smithAlfred morrisAndrew Luckandy LarmandAndy ReidArizona CardinalsAtlanta FalconsBaltimore Ravensbarry sandersBen Roethlisbergerbenjarvus green-ellisbig benBlaine GabbertBrandon Weedenbrian hoyerBuffalo BillsC.J. SpillerCalvin JohnsonCam NewtonCarolina Pantherscarson palmercecil shortsChad Hennechad johnsonChan Gaileychicago bearsChris JohnsonChristian ponderchuck paganoCincinnati BengalsCleveland Brownscolin kaepernickcorey dilloncurtis martinDallas Cowboysdarren mcfaddenDenver BroncosDetroit LionsDez Bryantdoug martinDrew BreesEli ManningEmmitt SmithFred Jacksongolden tateGreen Bay PackersHouston texansinaccurate receptionindianapolis coltsj.j. wattJacksonville jaguarsjake lockerjanoris Jenkinsjason wittenjay cutlerJerry RiceJim Brownjohn skeltonjovan belcherJulio jonesjustin blackmonKansas City Chiefsken whisenhuntKevin Kolbladainian tomlinsonlardarius webbLarry Fitzgeraldlovie smithluke kuechlymarcell dareusMario williamsMark Sanchezmatt flynnMatt HasselbeckMatt RyanMaurice Jones-DrewmegatronMiami DolphinsMichael Vickmike shanahanMinnesota VikingsMonday Night FootballNew England PatriotsNew Orleans SaintsNew York GiantsNew York JetsNFCnfc eastnfc northnfc southNFC WestNFLnorv turnerOakland Raiderspat shurmurpeyton manningPhiladelphia EaglesPhilip RiversPittsburgh SteelersRay Lewisreggie bushreggie wayneRex Ryanrg3Richard ShermanRobert griffin IIIroddy whiteromeo crennelRussell Wilsonryan lindleyryan tannehillSan Diego ChargersSan Francisco 49erssantana mossSeattle SeahawksSt. Louis Ramsstevan ridleySteven JacksonstorylinesTampa Bay BuccaneersTennessee titansTerrell suggsTerrelle Pryorthurman thomasTim TebowTom Coughlintom heckertTony Romotrent RichardsonWashington Redskinsweek 3
Embarrassing No More: Seahawks Surprise the Saints 78670http%3A%2F%2Fsportsthenandnow.com%2F2011%2F01%2F09%2Fembarrassing-no-more-seahawks-surprise-the-saints%2FEmbarrassing+No+More%3A+Seahawks+Surprise+the+Saints2011-01-09+13%3A50%3A43Dean+Hyblhttp%3A%2F%2Fsportsthenandnow.com%2F%3Fp%3D7867
Posted on January 09, 2011 by Dean Hybl
Matt Hasselbeck tossed four touchdown passes to lead the Seahawks past New Orleans.
Some, including an article on this site, suggested that the Seattle Seahawks should be embarrassed to be playing in the NFL Playoffs with a losing regular season record. Well, instead of tucking their tails between their legs and sleeking off quietly into the night, the Seahawks pulled off one of the more surprising playoffs upsets in recent memory with a 41-36 victory over the defending Super Bowl Champions.
Because they have endured three straight losing seasons with three different coaches, it is easy to forget that for much of the 2000s, the Seahawks were a regular playoff visitor and their roster still includes a number of players with playoff experience and significance pride.
Perhaps the best personification of that past and that pride is quarterback Matt Hasselbeck.
A three-time Pro Bowler and key reason the Seahawks went 13-3 and reached the Super Bowl in 2005, Hasselbeck has endured injuries and uncertainty over the last three years.
Despite being healthy enough to have probably played, Hasselbeck was held out of the do-or-die final game of the regular season against the St. Louis Rams. Many wondered if Hasselbeck had taken his final snap for the Seahawks.
But with his 7-9 squad heading into the playoffs to face the defending champions, head coach Pete Carroll called on the experienced Hasselbeck, rather than Charlie Whitehurst (who made only his second career start in the win over the Rams) to lead his team into what most expected to be a slaughter.
From the very beginning, there was something unfamiliar and uncomfortable about the game between the Saints and Seahawks. Seemingly everyone in America already knew how it would end, but after a predictable start the game seemed to be working against those certainties. Read the rest of this entry →
Tags: Marshawn LynchMatt HasselbeckNFC PlayoffsSeattle Seahawks
Category Football, NFL, NFL Playoffs
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Activity-enhanced self-assembly of a colloidal kagome lattice
S. A. Mallory & A. Cacciuto
Journal of the American Chemical Society (pdf)
An Active Approach to Colloidal Self-Assembly
S. A. Mallory, C. Valeriani & A. Cacciuto
Annual review of physical chemistry 69 (2018): 59-79.
Self-assembly of active amphiphilic Janus particles
S. A. Mallory, F. Alarcon, A. Cacciuto & C. Valeriani
New Journal of Physics, 19(12), 125014. (pdf)
Lipid membrane-assisted condensation and assembly of amphiphilic Janus particles
M. Chambers*, S.A. Mallory*, H. Malone, Y. Gao, S.M. Anthony, Y. Yi, A. Cacciuto, and Y. Yu
Soft Matter 12(45), 9151-9157.
Activity-assisted self-assembly of colloidal particles
S. A. Mallory and A. Cacciuto
Physical Review E 94, 022607 (pdf)
Anomalous dynamics of an elastic membrane in an active fluid
S.A. Mallory, C. Valeriani and A. Cacciuto
Physical Review E 92 (1), 012314 (pdf)
The role of particle shape in active depletion
J. Harder*, S.A. Mallory*, C. Tung*, C. Valeriani and A. Cacciuto
The Journal of chemical physics 141 (19), 194901 (pdf)
Curvature-induced activation of a passive tracer in an active bath
S.A. Mallory, A. Šarić, C. Valeriani and A. Cacciuto
Anomalous thermomechanical properties of a self-propelled colloidal fluid
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Questions for Annie
Search for questions from other customers
Annie scenic projections
By jennifer.young2
Do you supply Annie scenic projections? For use as back drops from projectors
By Susan Huizinga
I bring musical theater to schools and after-school community centers that never had musical theater and or/do not have sound or lighting equipment. It's so frustrating to rehearse for months only for the students/cast members/parents to cringe each time there's feedback, or no sound from the mic, or no mic at all.
Are there any "wandering minstrels" who do the same thing as I do (Theater On The Go!) bringing theater to places with nothing? Do you have ideas for an easy, ECONOMICAL, out-of-the-box solution for sound and lighting when the school/center/venue doesn't have any?
See 2 answers
account question
By SHASBROU
Are we able to write in the stage manager binder we received. Insode the front it says to erase all marks before returning, but I thought this was an item we purchased, not a rental. Also the primary name on the account for our school is wrong. Emails keep going to the assistant speech coach instead of me.
Licensing to private performances?
By itaistreet
Hi, Me and my wife want to create a very special hebrew adaptation of Annie, for 1 actor only. We are looking to expose the play and the music to children who don't have the means or money. We want to perform in Kindergarten in non central areas of the country. Most of the ticket wont be even charged. I tried to apply for licensing, But we are not part of an organisation or a theatre. We are just one actress and a musician :) What should we do, or is there anyone we can email to about it? Thanks! Itai.
Backing Tracks?
By bec2912
We would absolutely love to do this musical, however the theatre does not allow for an orchestra and I would like to know if we could perform it with professional backing tracks?
Can I see the slides to rent before renting
By SISTE04087
Slides to project on scrim for the shows you have.
Does restricted mean I cannot have the rights?
By PSTOLZ
If our request for rights (Annie) is listed as restricted, does that mean we cannot have the rights, or we just have to wait longer? Can we change the date of our performances to a better time?
anyone have a lighting cue synopsis for Annie?
By Alice Griffith
Unflag this posting
I'm trying to make it easy for the new guy...
Sandy in Annie
By Marcusw
Can I use my own Pet for Sandy? Will the dog get nervous on stage?
Disney's Frozen JR.
Disney’s worldwide phenomenon is taking Broadway Junior by (snow)storm!
Disney and Cameron Mackintosh's Mary Poppins JR.
Your favorite practically perfect nanny takes center stage in this Supercalifragilisticexpialidocious adventure based on the award-winning Broadway musical and classic Walt Disney film.
Disney's Aladdin JR.
Discover "A Whole New World" with this magically updated version of the Academy Award-winning Disney classic!
Disney's The Lion King JR.
Introduce theatre to your classroom today! Explore, Create and Share the arts with this easy-to-use, multi-media program.
Annie JR.
The irrepressible comic strip heroine takes center stage in one of the world's best-loved, award-winning musicals.
Shrek The Musical JR.
Everyone's favorite ogre is back in this hilarious stage spectacle, based on the Oscar-winning smash hit film and outrageous Broadway musical.
Seussical JR.
"Oh, the thinks you can think" when Dr. Seuss' best-loved characters collide and cavort in an unforgettable musical caper!
Into the Woods JR.
A new take on Stephen Sondheim’s and James Lapine’s groundbreaking musical fairytale about wishes and the choices we make.
Disney's Beauty and the Beast JR.
The Award-winning animated film and stage play comes to life in this romantic and beloved take on the classic fairytale.
Disney's The Little Mermaid JR.
From classic literature to the Academy Award-winning film and Broadway musical, Ariel’s undersea journey is a beautiful love story for the ages.
Over 60 million people worldwide have fallen in love with the characters, the story and the music that make Mamma Mia! the ultimate feel-good show!
The story of an extraordinary girl who, armed with a vivid imagination and a sharp mind, dares to take a stand and change her own destiny.
Stop the presses! This Disney film turned Tony-winning Broadway hit inspires everyone to fight for what's right and seize the day.
The Brothers Grimm hit the stage with an epic fairytale about wishes, family and the choices we make.
Disney's Beauty and the Beast
"Be Our Guest!" The Academy Award-winning film comes to life in this romantic and beloved take on the classic fairytale.
Feed the need for musical hilarity with this delicious sci-fi smash about a man-eating plant.
Les Misérables School Edition
Winner of over 100 international awards and seen by over 70 million, this musical phenomenon is an epic tale of passion and redemption in the throes of revolution.
Harvard's beloved blonde takes the stage by pink storm in this fun, upbeat story of self-discovery.
Shrek The Musical
Everyone's favorite ogre is back in the hilarious stage spectacle based on the Oscar-winning, smash hit film.
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National Retail Federation Recognizes ‘Heroes of Main Street’
By USDR As part of National Small Business Week, the National Retail Federation today recognized a bipartisan group of [...]
IRS, Lois Lerner, and the US House
By ACLJ, Special for USDR. The American Center for Law and Justice (ACLJ), which represents 41 organizations in a federal [...]
In the US Senate, an Effort to Support Anti-Pork Campaign
May 9, 2014 // 0 Comments
By USDR Today, the Council for Citizens Against Government Waste (CCAGW) President Tom Schatz urged all members of Congress [...]
Durbin's Earmark Problem
By USDR Today, Citizens Against Government Waste (CAGW) reacted with derision at statements made by Sen. Dick Durbin [...]
EPA Admits, New Regulations Unjustifiable
By USDR Seven months after being subpoenaed by Congress, Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Administrator Gina McCarthy [...]
Americans and the Koch Brothers
By USDR Last week, MRCTV’s Dan Joseph decided to ask tourists in Washington D.C. if they ever heard of the Koch [...]
Is the EPA Trying to Harm Sick Patients?
By AAPS, Special for USDR The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is soliciting older Americans with asthma, [...]
A Push for Religious Liberty for the Air Force in Congress
By USDR Today, bipartisan members of the House of Representatives submitted a letter to U.S. Air Force Secretary Deborah [...]
A Call on Congress to Protect US Control of Internet
By USDR The American Center for Law and Justice (ACLJ), which focuses on constitutional law, said recently discussed an [...]
Anti-Gun Lobby Exploits Fort Hood Incident
By USDR Less than 24 hours after mentally disturbed soldier, Ivan Lopez killed three people at Fort Hood, gun control [...]
Congressman Leads Charge on Obamacare's "Devastating" Affect on Home Health Care
By USDR The Partnership for Quality Home Healthcare – a leading coalition of home health providers dedicated to improving [...]
Ex-IRS Official Stonewalling
By USDR The American Center for Law and Justice (ACLJ), which represents 41 organizations in a federal lawsuit challenging [...]
My True Obamacare Horror Story
By Dr. Larry Kawa, Special for USDR I’ve always thought that most members of Congress were out of touch and had no sense [...]
Congress Decides to Recall Former IRS Official Lois Lerner
Rep. Paul Ryan: 'We Have an Increasingly Lawless Presidency'
By USDR Rep. Paul Ryan (R-Wis.) said Sunday on ABC’s “This Week with George Stephanopolous” that President Barack [...]
America Needs Some Common Sense
By Matt Bruce, Special to USDR. Hello my fellow Americans! How’s that “hope & change” working out for you these [...]
Ted Cruz Takes Aim at Cornyn and McConnell over Debt Limit Vote Today
By USDR The Daily Caller pointed out the far reaching consequences of the Senate’s vote this week to raise the debt [...]
Waxman Retirement Leads to Left Coast Power Clash
By JH staff , Special for USDR Henry Waxman, one of the most powerful and thoroughly liberal members of Congress is [...]
Rep. Fleming: Obama’s Lawless Disregard of Congress ‘Would Make Richard Nixon Blush’
February 4, 2014 // 0 Comments
By USDR President Obama is “unilaterally creating laws from the Oval Office” with no legal or constitutional authority [...]
A Quadruple Negative? Obama: 'I'm Not Going to Not Do Anything Without Congress, Not When…'
By USDR In a speech about his initiatives to ensure Americans’ retirement security, Pres. Obama explained his strategy [...]
Joint Chiefs Chair: We Aren't Authorized to Kill Benghazi Terrorists
By USDR When can President Barack Obama use military force against Libyans without prior authorization from Congress and [...]
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Non-Teaser Tuesday
Sorry guys, no teaser this week! Like I said last week, Jump is too far along for teasers and Shipwrecked isn't ready to be displayed. Hopefully I'll be able to start doing proper teasers when NaNo starts up and I have snippets of that yet-unknown project to share. In the meantime, here is a short story. If there are any words that feel out of place, it's because they're vocab words that we were forced to use. But I think this is pretty good for a five-minute vocab exercise.
The women of the village were disconsolate as the men prepared for their venture. The men held themselves with confident mien though the majority knew they would not return. Their group was a multifarious mixture of young and old, strong and weak, tall and short. All wore shirts and pants of a lawny texture. As the women shook with sadness, the men doggedly set out into the woods after a denizen of its heart, a creature so vile that few dared to enter its territory alone. That night, as the women waited around the campfire, only one boy by the name of Damien returned. In one hand he carried a sword coated in acid green blood and in the other, the head of the fearsome beast.
Naming Characters
Week in Short Two Days Late
Writing, with School
New Releases: Prophecy of the Sisters, Leigh Ann's...
New Releases: Ash, The Georges and the Jewels, Int...
RTW -- Rough Drafts
Edgy YA
Weather in Writing
What Made You Buy It?
Back With the Last Two Weeks in Short
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Read this: Scientists Confirm That Pop Music Is Louder And More Boring Than Ever Before
So, it's official. A large-scale scientific analysis of thousands of popular songs from 1955 to the present has confirmed that songs charting on the Billboard Top 200 in the current decade contain more overlap between instrumentation, recording production, lyrical content, and melody than ever before -- in other words, apparently your parents are right: Top 40 really does all sound the same! And remember, chart pop has been trending towards breadth for a long time now -- including house, post-dubstep, pop-rock, hip-hop, and R&B as major subgenres -- but it turns out that these are just disguises for the same damn song. What's more, the mixing on chart pop is ubiquitously louder than ever before. It's not that people are turning their volume up higher; they don't need to anymore, because the music just is louder. Yes, we all already knew pop music was a market commodity designed to move records (er, downloads), but this study is pretty disheartening nonetheless, as it reveals just how unsophisticated our collective tastes have become -- and how easily we can be duped into falling for songs that are identical in so many respects. Oh, and we're all going deaf. Yikes! Read the full report over at Reuters.
In related news, tune into "Not Guilty," WRMC's only all Top 40, all the time radio show, every Tuesday from 10 to 11 pm, all summer long!
Posted by Sam Tolzmann at 9:32 AM
Breaking news: "Snoop Dogg changes name to Snoop L...
Moscow feminist punk band Pussy Riot on trial for ...
Animal Collective Radio goes live...TONIGHT
Read this: Scientists Confirm That Pop Music Is Lo...
Download: Crystal Castles' new single, "Plague"
Watch/Listen: Cross Record, "Cups In The Sink"
Track/Video Premiere: Bat For Lashes, "Laura" (NSF...
Video Premiere: Le1f, "Wut"
TONIGHT: LCD Soundsystem's concert documentary "Sh...
Read this: John Maus's 24,000-word response to a f...
Video Premiere: NO DOUBT's first new song in 11 ye...
Frank Ocean releases new LP "channel ORANGE" a wee...
Video Premiere DOUBLE FEATURE: Charli XCX, "You're...
R.I.P. Girls (the band)
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He has won both the British Book Award for history book of the year and the LA Times prize for biography of the year for his acclaimed books on Stalin.
To read the WW2History.com interview with Simon Sebag Montefiore, click on the subject headings on the right.
Content featuring Simon Sebag Montefiore
How successful was the initial invasion of the Soviet Union?
Panic in Moscow
How did the Soviets win at Stalingrad?
BOOKS by Simon Sebag Montefiore
Stalin: The Court of the Red Tsar
Young Stalin
Stalin’s pact with the Nazis
Stalin and Marxist ideology
Stalin’s support of the Nazis
Initial Red Army failings
Impact of German invasion of France
Molotov and Soviet diplomacy
German invasion of the Soviet Union
Stalin himself
Red Army atrocities
Most mistaken decision of WW2
Best decision of WW2
Best leader of WW2
Most overrated leader of WW2
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Guizotia abyssinica
(L.f.) Cass.
Guizotia oleifera DC.
Verbesina sativa Roxb.
Common Name: Niger Seed
Flowering plant
Photograph by: Jebicca Karki
Close-up of a flower
Photograph by: Silvestresbrasileiros
Bowl of seed
Photograph by: Daderot
Creative Commons Zero, Public Domain Dedication
Photograph by: Tracey Slotta
Niger seed is a stout, erect annual herb growing up to 2 metres tall[
Flora of the British Isles.
Clapham, Tutin and Warburg.
A very comprehensive flora, the standard reference book but it has no pictures.
The New RHS Dictionary of Gardening. 1992.
Huxley. A.
MacMillan Press
Excellent and very comprehensive, though it contains a number of silly mistakes. Readable yet also very detailed.
]. The root system is well developed, with a taproot and many lateral roots, particularly in the upper 5cm[
Niger seed is often harvested as a source of a good quality oil; it also provides an edible seed, and has local medicinal uses. It has a history of cultivaion dating back to around 3,000 BC and is still often grown, especially in Africa and India, as an oil seed crop[
Sturtevant's Edible Plants of the World.
Hedrick. U. P.
Lots of entries, quite a lot of information in most entries and references.
Flowers of the Himalayas.
Polunin. O. and Stainton. A.
Oxford Universtiy Press
A very readable and good pocket guide (if you have a very large pocket!) to many of the wild plants in the Himalayas. Gives many examples of plant uses.
], it has also been cultivated in Germany[
A Dictionary of Plants Used by Man.
Usher. G.
Forget the sexist title, this is one of the best books on the subject. Lists a very extensive range of useful plants from around the world with very brief details of the uses. Not for the casual reader.
]. Plants grown in Africa produce a better drying oil than plants from India, though it is still considered to be inferior to linseed oil (Linum usitatissimum) and is often used as an extender to that oil[
The Useful Plants of West Tropical Africa.
Burkil. H. M.
Royal Botanic Gardens; Kew.
Brief descriptions and details of the uses of over 4,000 plants. A superb, if terse, resource, it is also available electronically on the Web - see http://www.aluka.org/
Northeast Africa - Ethiopia. Widespread as an escape from cultivation in Europe, Africa and India.
Open waste places in montane situations in west Africa[
]. Casual on tips and waste ground near oil mills, and as a bird-seed alien, in Britain[
Habit Annual
Pollinators Bees, Insects
Niger seed is a short-day plant adapted to the cool tropical environment of the middle elevations as well as the highland regions of eastern Africa, but it has also adapted to the tropical and subtropical lowlandsin India and to temperate conditions in Europe[
]. It is reported to tolerate an annual precipitation of 660 - 1790mm, and an annual temperature range of 13.6 - 27.5°c[
]. At temperatures above 30°c, the rates of growing and flowering are adversely affected and maturity is hastened. Night temperatures should not fall below 2°c[
An easily grown plant, it succeeds in any rich soil[
RHS Dictionary of Plants plus Supplement. 1956
F. Chittendon.
Comprehensive listing of species and how to grow them. Somewhat outdated, it has been replaced in 1992 by a new dictionary (see [200]).
]. The plant is adapted to a wide range of soils, from sandy to heavy, growth being poor on light sandy or gravelly soils[
]. Niger is often cultivated on very poor acid soils, on hilly slopes, where fertility is low due to leaching and washing away of the plant nutrients by erosion[
]. Succeeds in soils with a pH in the range of 5.5 - 7.5[
Several factors lend credence to fears that niger seed might become a pest if introduced into warm temperate areas:- grazing animals do not relish it; the plant tolerates poor soil and drought; it has few serious pests or diseases especially outside its native range; the seeds store for a year or more without deterioration; and the seeds mature 3 - 4.5 months after planting[
]. Arguing against its weed potential are the facts that it is a short day plant and therefore does not flower or set seed until daylight hours average 13 hours or less; it is self-sterile; and requires bees for pollination[
The first side-shoots are formed when plants have 6 - 8 leaves and are about 30cm tall[
Most types of niger seed are short-day plants with only few day-length-insensitive individual plants. The critical day length is about 12 hours[
Under short days, flowering starts about 60 days after germination. Photoperiod sensitivity is stronger in Ethiopian than in Indian cultivars, while in Indian plants induction of flowering probably takes place at an earlier stage of evelopment[
]..
Short days 1 month after sowing gave full induction in Indian material but no induction in Ethiopian plants. In the latter, induction took place 55 - 75 days after sowing[
Because the heads of niger seed mature over a period of time and shattering can reduce the yield by as much as 25%, the time of harvesting has to be established carefully. The best time for harvesting is just before the crop matures, about 3 weeks after 50% floret drop. At this stage, when the top leaves start turning from green to yellow, the fruits are yellow-brown and their moisture content is about 45%[
Average seed yields in India range from 100 - 200 kg/ha when grown with ragi, and 300 - 400 kg/ha when grown in pure stands[
]. In Kenya, monocultural yields average 600 kg/ha[
]. Seed yields of 1,000 to 1,200 kg/ha have been obtained on fertile Himalayan soils[
Oil content of the seed varies from 30 - 50%, reaching a maximum at 45 days after flower-opening[
]. Oil yields range about 235 kg/ha[
The flowers are very attractive to bees[
The seed is eaten fried, used as a condiment or dried then ground into a powder and mixed with flour etc to make sweet cakes[
Alternative Foods.
Sholto-Douglas. J.
Not very comprehensive, it seems more or less like a copy of earlier writings with little added.
Plants for Human Consumption.
Kunkel. G.
Koeltz Scientific Books
An excellent book for the dedicated. A comprehensive listing of Latin names with a brief list of edible parts.
Cornucopia - A Source Book of Edible Plants.
Facciola. S.
Kampong Publications
0-9628087-0-9
Excellent. Contains a very wide range of conventional and unconventional food plants (including tropical) and where they can be obtained (mainly N. American nurseries but also research institutes and a lot of other nurseries from around the world.
]. The black seed has an adherent thick seed coat, and can be stored for a year or so without deterioration[
In Ethiopia the slightly roasted seeds are ground with salt and mixed with roasted cereals to prepare snacks, locally called 'litlit' and 'chibito', which are presented during coffee ceremonies[
The seeds contains around 45% of a clear, excellent, slow-drying edible oil, with some selected cultivars containing up to 60%[
]. It is used as a substitute for olive oil, can be mixed with linseed oil, and is used as an adulterant for rape oil, sesame oil etc[
]. The oil is used in cooking as a ghee substitute and can be used in salad dressings etc[
]. A pleasant nutty taste[
Plants Consumed by Man.
Brouk. B.
0-12-136450-x
Readable but not very comprehensive.
]. Once extracted, the oil has the disability of rather rapid deterioration[
The major fatty acids in the oil are palmitic acid 7.6 - 8.7%; stearic acid 5.6 - 7.5%; oleic acid 4.8 - 8.3% ;and linoleic acid 74.8 - 79.1%[
]. Palmitoleic acid, linolenic acid, arachidic acid, eicosenoic acid, behenic acid, erucic acid and lignoceric acid make up the remaining 2 - 3% of the oil[
]. The oil has a solidification point between -9°c and -15°c[
While Ethiopian niger seed oil contains over 70% linoleic acid, Indian oil contains only 45 - 70% linoleic acid and 15 - 40% oleic acid[
The oil from the seeds is used in the treatment of rheumatism[
Glossary of Indian Medicinal Plants (Including the Supplement).
Chopra. R. N., Nayar. S. L. and Chopra. I. C.
Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi.
Very terse details of medicinal uses of plants with a wide range of references and details of research into the plants chemistry. Not for the casual reader.
Medicinal Plants of Nepal
Dept. of Medicinal Plants. Nepal.
Terse details of the medicinal properties of Nepalese plants, including cultivated species and a few imported herbs.
]. The oil is also used in birth control and to treat syphilis[
The oil is applied topically to treat burns[
Plants and People of Nepal
Manandhar. N. P.
Timber Press. Oregon.
Excellent book, covering over 1,500 species of useful plants from Nepal together with information on the geography and peoples of Nepal. Good descriptions of the plants with terse notes on their uses.
A paste of the seeds is applied as a poultice in the treatment of scabies[
Niger seed sprouts, mixed with garlic and honey, are taken to treat cough[
A medical test for the identification of the fungus Cryptococcus neoformans, which causes a serious brain disease, is carried out on a niger seed-based agar medium[
The plant can be used as a green manure[
]. It is usually dug in when the plants are about to come into flower[
The residual seed-cake after oil extraction has a high manurial value[
Cattle in India will not browse the plant and it is often planted around other crops to discourage trespass by cattle[
Niger seed is grown both as an intercrop (commonly with sorghum, maize, millet, cowpea, soya bean and sweet potato) and in pure stands[
Niger seed is a good precursor for many crops because crops following niger seed have less weed infestation and profit from the large amount of organic matter left in the ground[
A drying oil is obtained from the seed[
Economic Botany.
Hill. A. F.
The Maple Press
Not very comprehensive, but it is quite readable and goes into some detail about the plants it does cover.
]. It is used medicinally, for burning, in making soap, paints etc[
Plants for Man.
Schery. R. W.
Fairly readable but not very comprehensive. Deals with plants from around the world.
Fruits of the Earth.
Bianchini. F., Corbetta. F. and Pistoia. M.
Lovely pictures, a very readable book.
]. The oil readily absorbs smells and appears to offer some scope in cosmetics[
In Ethiopia the straw is used as fuel for cooking[
Seed - sow in situ and only just cover the seed. Make sure the soil does not dry out because this would delay germination. In warm weather, germination should take place within 3 - 4 days of sowing the seed. When sowing larger areas, the seed may be broadcast at rate of 10 kg/ha or sown in rows 40 to 50 cm apart at rate of 5 kg/ha[
Well-dried seed can be stored dry without special requirements for at least 4 years without losing its viability[
Cite as: Tropical Plants Database, Ken Fern. tropical.theferns.info. 2019-07-15. <tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Guizotia+abyssinica>
Captcha: if i have 3 bananas, and i eat them all, how many bananas did i just eat?
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The Logan Journal
July 2019 Articles
Auburn Bank Community Calendar
Roy's B-B-Que Sports Calendar
Historic primary election scheduled Tuesday
By Jim Turner
Posted on May 19, 2014 7:12 PM
What is already an historic election in Logan County could prove to be even more historic by Tuesday evening. All voters in Logan County and Kentucky who are registered as a member of a political party are eligible to cast their ballots beginning at 6 a.m. May 20.
For the first time in Logan County history, an African American is seeking a countywide office, historian Michael Morrow confirms. Edward W. Hardin, who bills himself as “Captain Ed,” is a candidate for jailer on the Democratic ticket. Hardin already works at the Logan County Jail. If he wins the primary election, that would constitute a second plank of local election history.
Morrow notes that Hardin is a descendent of slaves who were set free about 1820. The biggest election ever won by an African American in Logan County came when former civil rights leader Charles Neblett was elected to represent the Sixth District on Logan Fiscal Court three decades ago. Three African Americans have been elected to Russellville City Council, but Morrow observes that Harvey Smith, Willie Hampton and Marie Sweatt were all born in other counties, as was Neblett. Adairville and Auburn have had minority representation on their councils often, often by homegrown leaders.
Retired state police detective and commonwealth detective Wendell Jackson is Hardin’s opponent in the Democratic primary for jailer.
In the Republican primary for jailer, the candidates are former Logan County coroner and ambulance service director Phil Gregory, who as the GOP nominee lost to Jenkins by a precinct four years ago, and Chris Hightower, who was the Republican nominee for state representative in 2012.
No incumbent is seeking the office of jailer, since long-time jailer Bill Jenkins retired several months ago and interim jailer Jim Ray is not seeking a full term. Winners of tomorrow’s primaries will face off against each other in November’s general election.
A key for Hightower and Gregory will be the size of the Republican turnout in the primary, since it’s the only contested local Republican race. GOP voters could come to the polls because of the U.S. Senate race, in which five-term incumbent and Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell is being opposed by four other candidates, Matt Bevin, Brad Copas, Chris Payne and Shawna Sterling. Bevin has been the most active candidate of the group besides McConnell.
Several interesting races can be found on the Democratic side.
One of those is coroner where three women with North Logan roots are vying for the position. Incumbent Mary Givens, who has worked at the nursing home in Auburn for many years, is being opposed by Tina Hudson McKinney, who is a nurse at Logan Memorial Hospital, and Cheryl Allen, who is chief of the Russellville Rural Fire Department and director of emergency services at Logan Aluminum. The winner of that race will be guaranteed to be coroner the next four years unless someone files as a write-in candidate and runs a successful general election.
Another multi-term incumbent is also being opposed for reelection as sheriff. Wallace Whittaker, who is completing his third term as sheriff, faces former Adairville Police Chief and deputy sheriff Steve Hadden along with Robert Kimmel of North Logan. No Republican is seeking the office.
The five Democratic members of Logan Fiscal Court are all opposed by candidates who can’t be taken lightly. In District 1, incumbent Russell Poore faces retired law office Len Embry. In District 2, incumbent Jack Crossley is opposed by former magistrate Wayne Stratton, In District 4, incumbent Drexel Johnson has two opponents, Dale Givens and Mike Kirby. In District 6, incumbent Thomas Bouldin will meet Russellville businessman Clay Bilyeu.
Former magistrate Clem ‘Dickie’ Carter awaits the Democratic survivor in District 1 in the fall.
Third District incumbent Barry Wright faces five other candidates—Bobby Moore, Chris Wilcutt, Gary Sears, Roger Knight and William Sanford.
The lone Republican on fiscal court, Jo Orange of the Fifth District, has no opposition in the GOP Primary, but she will be opposed in November by the lone Democrat candidate, Phillip Joe Bilyeu.
Democrats also have choices as their nominee for U.S. Senator and U.S. Representative. Secretary of State Alison Lundergan Grimes is the favorite in the senate race; she’s opposed by Burrel Charles Farnsley, Gregory Brent Leighty and Tom Recktenwald. The two men wanting to oppose long-time Republican congressman Ed Whitfield in the fall are Wesley Seaton Bolin and Charles Kendall Hatchett.
Several incumbents are unopposed both in the primary and the general election. City council, school board and conservation board member elections will be held in November.
Kentucky Commissioner of Education visits Adairville School
Matt Jones and Roy Morgan, a study of contrasts and similarities
Whitney Westerfield files for Supreme Court in Kentucky's 1st District
Auburn grad filming movie at Auburn School, needs student extras Wednesday
Logan Journal Facebook
Copyright © The Logan Journal 2009 - 2019
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Looking for Neighbors
"From a local perspective, 'A Good Neighbour' brought hope to an art scene wrapped in a dark curtain." Hou Rf reviews the 15th Istanbul Biennial, curated by artist duo Elmgreen & Dragset.
/ Huo Rf
Present Progressive: Speculations On Cultural Imagination In The Middle East
What do recent accounts of institutional cultural practice in the Middle East offer to further the understanding and the development of contemporary cultural production in the region, and what do they fail to address? Lama Suleiman reviews the latest volume in the ongoing Ibraaz publication series on visual culture in the Middle East and North Africa
/ Lama Suleiman
Mobilizing Stills
“The work of the photojournalists’ collective Activestills does not settle for reflecting the grim reality by providing representations of it, but offers a more active mode of photography that joins the protests of the struggling communities being photographed.” Nadeem Karkabi reviews the recently published book that covers a decade of Activestills’ collective photo-activism.
/ Nadeem Karkabi
Glimpses of an Interview
Having found out that the renowned art historian and philosopher, Georges Didi-Huberman, was coming to Tel Aviv University to give a keynote lecture, we asked Michal Sapir, the translator of his recently published book in Hebrew, to invite him to give an interview for Tohu Magazine.
/ Michal Sapir
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Rush Force Deciding Game 7 in Rapid City
Eagles Sabotaged by Power Play
LOVELAND, Colo. – The Rapid City Rush forced a deciding Game 7 in the Turner Conference Finals with a 3-2 win over the Colorado Eagles. Colorado built a 2-0 lead on goals from Scott May before the defending league champs scored three unanswered goals. Each team tallied a shorthanded goal, but it was Colorado’s 0-for-9 power play that had the biggest impact on the game’s outcome.
Eagles take the early lead with May's Goal. Photo by Samantha Baker
The Eagles got the only goal of the first period 6:09 in. May had been kicked out of the faceoff draw in the right circle of the offensive zone, being replaced by Adam Chorneyko. Chorneyko won the draw back to Kyle Peto at the right point and the defenseman’s shot was deflected 5-hole on Tim Boron by May who had drifted toward the front of the net.
Colorado had a chance to increase their lead when they were awarded a full 5-on-3 power play at 13:24 of the first period, but they couldn’t beat Boron despite a couple of quality chances.
At 8:59 of the second stanza, May made it 2-0 for the home team with the Eagles’ third shorthanded goal of the series. A moment after Rapid City received a lucky bounce off the wall to keep the puck in the offensive zone on their power play, the puck took a lucky bounce Colorado’s way, sending May on a breakaway that ended with him beating Boron from the left circle.
Rapid City finally got on the board at 16:21 when Gio Flamminio took advantage of their reliable power play (it’s converted in 17 straight games), snapping the puck past Andrew Penner from atop the left circle. The Eagles had another chance to increase their lead late in the second frame when Scott Wray drew blood with a high stick, putting Colorado on the power play for four minutes.
The Rush were penalized at the end of the second period, giving the Eagles 1:11 of another two-man advantage to start the third. But instead of building on their lead with the great opportunity, they gave up the tying marker when Les Reaney scored his playoff-leading ninth goal with a backhander from the right circle.
Steve Haddon tries to push through. Photo by Samanth Baker
Konrad Reeder had a chance to put Rapid City up five minutes in when he was awarded a penalty shot, but Penner snuffed his attempt to go 5-hole. Then, at 11:25, Derek LeBlanc got the game-winner when his slap-shot from atop the right circle rode up Aaron Schneekloth’s stick, changing the trajectory enough to elude the Eagles’ netminder.
With 3:59 left in the game, Colorado was awarded its ninth power play of the evening, but again failed to convert. In fact, they didn’t get off a shot, bringing their total for the game to 11 shots on their nine power plays.
Game 7 will be played in Rapid City, S.D. on Wednesday, starting at 6:35 p.m. (MST). The winner will take on the Berry Conference champion Bossier-Shreveport Mudbugs in the Ray Miron Presidents’ Cup Finals.
Related Keywords: Colorado Eagles, Conference finals, game 6, hockey, Rapid City Rush, Turner Conference
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Repentance (Taubah) - AskIslamPedia - Online Islamic Encyclopedia
REPENTANCE (TAUBAH)
The action or process of repenting especially for misdeeds or moral shortcomings. [1]
Allah calls to repentance
Conditions for acceptance
Islamic meaning
Repentance Means turning back from disobeying Allah to obeying Him.
Repentance: Is beloved to Allaah, as He says: "Verily, Allaah loves those who repent and those who purify themselves." [Surah Al-Baqarah: 222]
Repentance: Is an obligation on every believer. Allaah says: "O you who believe! Turn to Allaah in sincere repentance!" [Surah At-Tahreem: 8]
Repentance: Is from the means of attaining success. Allaah says: "And O believers, all of you, repent to Allaah in order that you may be successful." [Surah An-Noor: 31] Success is when someone gets what he is looking for and is saved from what he is running from.
Through Sincere Repentance: Allaah forgives sins no matter how big they are and no matter how many they are. Allaah says: "Say: O My slaves who have transgressed against themselves (because of sins), do not despair from the mercy of Allaah. Verily, Allaah forgives all sins. Verily, He is All-Forgiving, Most Merciful." [Surah Az-Zumar: 53]
Allah (Glory be to Him) says: “And all of you beg Allah to forgive you all, O believers, that you may be successful” Qur’an.Surah Noor 24:31
Allah (Glory be to Him) is Kind to His slaves, and His mercy encompasses all things. Whoever repents after doing wrong, Allah (Glory be to Him) will accept his repentance, for Allah (Glory be to Him) is Forgiving and Merciful as is said by Allah (Glory be to Him) in Qur’an, [interpretation of the meaning] “But whosoever repents after his crime and does righteous good deeds (by obeying Allah), then verily, Allah (Glory be to Him) will pardon him (accept his repentance). Verily, Allah is Oft Forgiving, Most Merciful.”Qur’an.Surah Ma’idah 5:39
The sins, mistakes or crimes of a person may not deserve to be forgiven but those who believe in Allah (Glory be to Him) are always hopeful for His Mercy, as Allah (Glory be to Him) says [interpretation of the meaning],“…your Lord has written (prescribed) Mercy for Himself, so that if any of you does evil in ignorance, and thereafter repents and does righteous good deeds (by obeying Allah), then surely, He is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful” Qur’an.Surah An’am 6:54. [2]
O my brother who has fallen into sins, do not despair from the mercy of your Lord, for indeed the door to repentance is open until the sun rises from the west. The Prophet (sallAllaahu 'alayhi wa sallam) said: "Verily, Allaah extends His hand out at night in order to accept the repentance of the sinner by day. And He extends His hand out during the day in order to accept the repentance of the sinner by night, until (the day) when the sun will rise from its west." Sahih Muslim 2759
Making mistakes and falling short are undoubtedly part of human nature and no one will be free of shortcomings in his obedience to Allah (Glory be to Him), or free of mistakes or forgetfulness or sins. All of us fall short, commit sins, and make mistakes. We are not infallible. Hence the Prophet Muhammad (May Allah honour Him and Grant Him peace) said: “By the One in Whose hand is my soul, if you did not commit sin Allah would do away with you and bring people who would commit sin then pray for forgiveness.” Narrated by Sahih Al Muslim 6621.
And He (May Allah honour Him and Grant Him peace) said: “Every son of Adam sins and the best of those who sin are those who repent.” Narrated by Tirmidhi 2499; classed as Hasan by al-Albaani.
The Prophet Muhammad (May Allah honour Him and Grant Him peace) said: “By Allah (Glory be to Him), I seek the forgiveness of Allah (Glory be to Him) and I turn to Him in repentance more than seventy times each day.” Narrated by Sahih Al Bukhari, vol 8:319.
It was narrated from Abu ‘Abd al-Rahmaan ‘Abd-Allaah ibn ‘Umar ibn al-Khattaab (may Allaah be pleased with him) that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “Allaah will accept the repentance of His slave so long as the death-rattle has not yet reached his throat.” Narrated by al-Tirmidhi, 3537; classed as hasan by al-Albaani. [3]
Hadith E Qudsi on repentance
It was narrated from Abu Sa’eed Sa’d ibn Maalik ibn Sinaan al-Khudri (may Allaah be pleased with him) that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “There was among the people who came before you a man who killed ninety-nine people. Then he asked about the most knowledgeable person on earth, and was directed to a hermit, so he went to him, told him that he had killed ninety-nine people, and asked if he could be forgiven. The hermit said, ‘No,’ so he killed him, thus completing one hundred. Then he asked about the most knowledgeable person on earth and was directed to a scholar. He told him that he had killed one hundred people, and asked whether he could be forgiven. The scholar said, ‘Yes, what could possibly come between you and repentance? Go to such-and-such a town, for in it there are people who worship Allaah. Go and worship with them, and do not go back to your own town, for it is a bad place.” So the man set off, but when he was halfway there, the angel of death came to him, and the angels of mercy and the angels of wrath began to argue over him. The angels of mercy said: ‘He had repented and was seeking Allaah.’ The angels of wrath said: ‘He never did any good thing.’ An angel in human form came to them, and they asked him to decide the matter. He said: ‘Measure the distance between the two lands (his home town and the town he was headed for), and whichever of the two he is closest to is the one to which he belongs.’ So they measured the distance, and found that he was closer to the town for which he had been headed, so the angels of mercy took him.” (Agreed upon).
According to a version narrated by Muslim (2716): “He was closer to the righteous town by a handspan, so he was counted among its people.”
According to a version narrated by al-Bukhaari (3470): “Allaah commanded (the rightus town) to draw closer and (the evil town) to move away, and he said: “Measure the distance between them,’ and he was found to be closer to (the righteous town) by a handspan, so he was forgiven.”
According to a version narrated by Muslim: “He leaned with his chest towards it”. [4]
"O 'Ibadi (My slaves) who have transgressed against themselves (by committing evil deeds and sins)! Despair not of the Mercy of Allâh (Glory be to Him), verily, Allah (Glory be to Him) forgives all sins. Truly, He is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful. Qur’an.Surah Zumar 39:53 .
Allah (Glory be to Him) is Kind to His slaves and loves those who repent. He accepts their repentance. The Prophet Muhammad (May Allah honour Him and Grant Him peace) said: “When a person repents, Allah (Glory be to Him) rejoices more than one of you who found his camel after he lost it in the desert” Agreed upon. Narrated by Sahih al-Bukhari, vol 8:321.
Those who committed Faahishah (illegal sexual intercourse):
“And those who, when they have committed Faahishah (illegal sexual intercourse) or wronged themselves with evil, remember Allah (Glory be to Him) and ask forgiveness for their sins; — and none can forgive sins but Allah (Glory be to Him) — and do not persist in what (wrong) they have done, while they know” Qur’an.Surah Ale Imran 3:135
Allah (Glory be to Him) calls to repentance those who committed the gravest form of shirk and sin, those who say that Prophet Eesa (peace be upon Him) is the son of God – exalted be Allah (Glory be to Him) far above what the wrongdoers say. Allah (Glory be to Him) says (interpretation of the meaning): “Will they not turn with repentance to Allah and ask His forgiveness? For Allah (Glory be to Him) is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful” Qur’an.Surah Ma’idah 5:74.
Allah (Glory be to Him) opens the door of repentance to the hypocrites, who are worse than the kuffaar who openly show their kufr. Allah (Glory be to Him) says (interpretation of the meaning): “Verily, the hypocrites will be in the lowest depth (grade) of the Fire; no helper will you find for them. Except those who repent (from hypocrisy), do righteous good deeds, hold fast to Allah (Glory be to Him), and purify their religion for Allah (by worshipping none but Allah, and do good for Allah’s sake only, not to show off), then they will be with the believers. And Allah (Glory be to Him) will grant the believers a great reward” Qur’an.Surah Nisa 4:145-146. [5]
Conditions for acceptance of Repentance
Sincere repentance is not merely the matter of words spoken on the tongue. Rather, the acceptance of repentance is subject to the condition that the person gives up the sin straight away, that he regrets what has happened in the past, that he resolves not to go back to the thing he has repented from, that he restores people’s rights or property if his sin involved wrongdoing towards others, and that he repents before the agony of death is upon him. Allah (Glory be to Him) says (interpretation of the meaning): “Allah accepts only the repentance of those who do evil in ignorance and foolishness and repent soon afterwards; it is they whom Allah will forgive and Allah is Ever All-Knower, All-Wise. And of no effect is the repentance of those who continue to do evil deeds until death faces one of them and he says: ‘Now I repent;’ nor of those who die while they are disbelievers. For them We have prepared a painful torment” Qur’an.Surah Nisa 4:17-18.
Sincere Repentance: Must meet five conditions (in order to be accepted), which are:
1. Sincerity to Allaah, the Most High: This is by the person doing it only for the sake of Allaah and seeking His reward and salvation from His punishment.
2. Remorse: for the sin that was committed, such that he is sad he did it and wishes he had never done it.
3. Ceasing: to commit the sin immediately. If the sin was against Allaah, then he should (1) stop doing it if it was an unlawful act, or (2) hasten to do it if it was an obligation that he abandoned doing. And if the sin was against a created being (such as humans), then he should hasten to free himself from it, whether by returning it back to him or seeking his forgiveness and pardon.
4. Determination: to not go back to doing that sin again in the future.
5. The repentance should not occur before the time when its acceptance is terminated, either by death or by the sun rising from the west. Allaah says: "Repentance is of no effect for those who commit sins constantly until when death faces one of them, he says: Verily I repent now." The Prophet (sallAllaahu 'alayhi wa sallam) said: "Whoever repents before the sun rises from its west, Allaah will accept his repentance." Sahih Muslim Book 35, Hadith 6525 [6]
According to Imam Al Nawawi
What is meant by repentance is returning to Allah (Glory be to Him), giving up sin and hating it, and regretting falling short in obedience to Allah (Glory be to Him). Al-Nawawi (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Repentance is essential from every sin, even if it is something between a person and Allah (Glory be to Him) and has nothing to do with the rights of another person. There are three conditions of repentance:
1- You should give up the sin
2- You should regret having done it
3- You should resolve never to go back to it.
If one of these three is missing, then your repentance is not sincere. If the sin has to do with the rights of another person, then there are four conditions: the three mentioned above and restoring the rights of that person. If it is money or property, etc, it must be returned to him; if it had to do with slandering him etc, then you should allow him to insult him in return, or ask for his forgiveness; if it had to do with backbiting about him, then you have to ask for his pardon. It is essential to repent from all sins; if a person repents from some, his repentance from the sins from which he repented is valid – according to the scholars who follow the right path – but he must still repent from the rest as well. [7]
[1] http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/repentance
[2] Written by Muhammad As-Saalih Al-'Uthaimeen 4/17/1406, Sifat Salaat-in-Nabee (pages 49-51), target="_blank" al-Ibaanah.com
[3]http://islamqa.info/en/ref/46683/repentance
[4] http://islamqa.info/en/ref/46683/repentance
[6]Written by Muhammad As-Saalih Al-'Uthaimeen 4/17/1406, Sifat Salaat-in-Nabee (pages 49-51), target="_blank" al-Ibaanah.com
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Bolt Is Apparently A Good Boy...
Well, I only have one word to say...
But apparently others are saying quite a lot more:
"Familiar territory, but the Disney team still knows how to bring a story to life." Rafer Guzman, Newsday
Full review here.
"I know that the knee-jerk reaction to any non-Pixar animated work from Disney is resistance and ridicule, but please allow me to be among the first to tell you that BOLT goes down easy and is a whole lot of fun." Capone, Ain't It Cool News
"It's charming, nicely paced, often quite funny and features well-chosen voice talent. Most important, it provides a satisfying entertainment ''meal.'' It's not a ''gourmet'' banquet on the order of ''Ratatouille'' or the first ''Shrek,'' but this peppy picture is certainly more than a cinematic ''snack,'' and for its 96-minute running time will not bore kids, the parents or other adults joining them." Bill Zwecker, SUN-TIMES COLUMNIST
"What is most certainly a return to form for the Disney, their animation department has not only caught up to Pixar but with their own past of telling classic tales. Bolt is easily the best film Disney has made since their silver age resurgence in the late 80’s and early 90’s. It is a hilarious, adorably sweet film that will please the whole family, and I absolutely loved almost every last moment of it." Massawyrm, Aint It Cool News
"Disney animation takes a tentative step out of the shadows of Pixar with Bolt, a winning 3D-animated action-comedy that marries the best Disney traditions with Pixar polish. Though this road comedy of a lost TV star dog doesn't rival the classics from Disney's computer-animation pioneer partners, it's the first in-house Disney animation -- after the middling Chicken Little, The Wild and Meet the Robinsons -- to bear comparison to the Pixar gold standard." Roger Moore, Orlando Sentinel
"Four Stars, one of the best movies of the year." Michael Medved, Film Critic and Talk Show Host
"But "Bolt" impresses on more levels than just the basic -
It's a great day in America when the complicated looks so easy, and when we expect smart storytelling as a rule, not the exception." Lisa Schwarzbaum, Entertainment Weekly
"I laughed, I cried, the hamster was hilarious… The gags are hilarious, the characters endearing and believable, and the settings and action are rendered with high craft. Director Byron Howard and Chris Williams and screenwriter Dan Fogelman have all worked in the trenches of some of Disney's better animated flicks and have put together an entertaining, fun gem of a movie." Vincent Janoski, Wired Magazine
"Fully Awesome!" Rhino, Hampster about town.
There are more, but I think you get the point. This is a fine restart to the Disney animation tradition... Why are you still reading?
Posted by Honor Hunter at 4:24 PM
Labels: Animation, Bolt, Film, Reviews, Walt Disney Animation Studios
corruption said...
*WARNING SPOILERS*
So Honor,
I went and saw it. Opening night.
Even with my lowered expectations, I felt let down.
The first scene was adorable and heartfelt. The action sequence was amazing. And yet, they were like two completely different movies. Both would have made great movies on their own merits -- one a heartfelt "Mittens finds love with the help of an unlikely 'dog' ally," the other being a "freaking amazing superdog movie."
On to other topics now, however:
It fell completely flat in the middle. It was full of meta humor and wink-wink, nudge-nudge throughout, especially with the agent guy. It was "reBOLTing."
Anyways, Rhino was obnoxious and Travolta was terrible (I can't stand him, so take that however you'd like).
That said, Mittens was fantastic. If the whole movie had centered on that cat, it would have been 1,000,000 times better. Such a heartfelt story, with real depth. And Susie Essman is a great vocal talent.
The animation was a bit spotty, simply in that it felt like it was this bizarre blend of water colored blurs in the backgrounds with hyper-realistic animals, and hyper-stylized humans.
Back to the good stuff -- the end was also very touching. From the moment that Bolt stepped back onto the lot, the movie fell back into place. Mittens coming full circle and Bolt going in to rescue Penny were the heart and soul of this movie. If the whole movie had revolved around the Mittens plot of realizing that humans can truly love their pets and Bolt being the catalyst for that, I would have loved it and given it an A+.
So, get rid of Rhino -- he was the Jar Jar Binks of this movie. I know that I'm taking an unpopular stance with that comment, but dear God -- he ranks up there with the worst of Disney sidekicks (Terk, the gargoyles from Hunchback, etc).
All in all, I'd give the movie a B-. I know I sounded hypercritical, but it wasn't terrible. It just wasn't great. And like everything since Lilo and Stitch, it's mostly going to be forgettable. It's the Oliver and Company of this generation, just waiting for its Little Mermaid (which The Princess and the Frog had better be).
Thanks for letting me have this soapbox. Back to the usual prattle.
Yikes - 3 day estimates for Bolt so far are $28 million for the weekend. Not as good as expected. Hopefully good word of mouth brings it past $100m, which would be a step up from Meet the Robinsons.
Looks like Twilight just smashed the competition.
scissorhands said...
Yeah... I'm really really disappointed with the box office result. I hoped at least 30 millions. What a terrible news.It was totally overshadowed by Twilight!
What a terrible year for Disney.
They did great movies and every one (except Beverly Hill Chihuahua) didn't meet expectations. And all of them had good to great reviews...
I think that they choose bad dates!!
It is the only reason!!
Jr said...
Just read your blog.. So Cool!
Can you link my blog? Thanks!
http://allanimelovers.blogspot.com
-JR-
Finklee said...
The film doesn't look interesting enough to go see, or even to rent it!
Corruption, you're the only one I've heard of that doesn't like Rhino. Both of the screenings I've been at he got the best laughs and all the critics seem to love him as well. While I agree it's not at the Little Mermaid level, it's way ahead of anything else over the last decade.
As for the anonymous that doesn't think it's worth seeing in the theater or renting. My opinion is your wrong and it'll be your loss...
Despite what some may say, I wouldn't talk about it so positively if I thought it was a dog(pun intended).
Kiersten said...
I guess everyone has their own tastes. Most of the critics loved Rhino while some of them despised Mittens. Some critics thought the action sequence was dull and fell flat and that the movie didn't pick up until meeting Rhino. To each their own I guess.
Thanks, Kiersten :)
It's nice to know whether agree or not, that you respect different opinions!
Everyone has different tastes which makes it amazing when films like Toy Story and Finding Nemo come along that just seem to work for everyone. It shows how special those movies really are.
I think E.T. is the most transcendent film of all time.
I'm always baffled by people who aren't blown away by that film. I am more impressed by it as an adult than I was as a child.
Spokker said...
E.T. should have won the best picture in 1982 instead of Ghandi. It was a sham I tell you.
Odds & Ends, Bits & Pieces 2: Mickey's Bulletpoint...
The Blessings Of This Joyous Season...
Competitors Poster Revealed: Delgo
The Past Awakens...
"Never"land...
Interview With The Hamster...
When Is Adventureland Not?
The Competitors: Atlantis, Dubai...
Blue Sky Disney Review: Bolt
Naturally...
The Lasseter Era Begins...
Notes On Bolt...
Looking Competitive...
Tokyo Dream...
Aloha, Mickey...
Theory In Flux...
The First Disney Cruise...
Mouse Gets Annoying...
A First Look At The Race...
Here Kitty, Kitty...
The Reviews Are In: "It's A Dog!"
I Feel Alive!!!
Blue Sky Review: Quantum Of Solace...
Four Scores & Several Years Ago...
Apple To "Ad" To Theme Park Experience?
Seeing Double...
The Best Of The Worst You Love To Hate...
Wanna Buy A Duck?
Happy Veteran's Day...
Everything You've Heard Is True/False...
Birth Of The Few...
Blue Sky Disney Enters Its Terrible Twos...
Foolish Talk...
Mr. Fredricksen & Pet...
Mr. Iger's Wild Ride...
The Power And Influence Of Success...
2012, Bring Me That Horizon...
To Everything A Season...
Honoring History...
The Mouse's Competition Gets Animated: "Monsters V...
A Too-Casual Acquaintance With The Written Word......
Wanting A King...
Paradise Peer...
Room For Improvement...
Tuned In...
Sailing The Future...
Tell Me A Story...
Wall-E Wins, Mouse Hopes...
Up On Up Screening...
Nature's Last Calling...
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VOG (Voice of Geeks) Network
Friday Night Gaming
About Bobby
The Bobby Blackwolf Show Episode 609: April 8, 2018
Ready Player One, ESA vs. Net Neutrality
I will be at the Vintage Computer Festival Southeast 6.0 in Roswell, GA on April 21-22nd, showing off some 90's era DOS stuff! ADMISSION IS FREE!!!! Come say hi!
The Ready Player One movie has now been out for a while, so let's talk about how I feel it's actually better than the book.
The ESA has joined the battle against Net Neutrality - and I'll tell you why that could be important. It's not about throttling bandwidth.
Then we take calls about Rocket League tournaments and video game soundtracks.
An HTML5 browser is required to listen to the podcast audio.
Download The MP3! - 19MB, 54 minutes 47 seconds
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BobbyBlackwolf.com Articles
Subscribe to Bobby's editorials and other articles giving his musings on gaming, the industry, and meta discussion about the community.
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The long running live internet radio show about video games is edited down for your podcast consumption.
The two year run of this unique video show has audio-only podcasts available for you to relive the memories.
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Skyrim Impressions, Steam Forums Hacked
The Bobby Blackwolf Show - 124278 views
LIGHTLY EDITED: This is a previously unreleased episode of The Bobby Blackwolf Show, and is released with minimal editing (removing the music break.) Please keep this in mind when you hear long awkward pauses that are typically edited out of the podcast. In this episode, we talk about The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim, how it set records on Steam, and how Steam's forums were hacked.
Two Worlds II Review, Sony NGP
The Bobby Blackwolf Show - 44265 views
We start off by giving our review of Two Worlds II for the Xbox 360. Find out if it makes up for the first game as well as why it was one of the most difficult titles for Bobby to review. Sony announced the successor to the PSP - working title "NGP" (Next Generation Portable) - this week in Japan. Mainstream media is bashing Microsoft for banning an 11 year old autistic child from Xbox Live for cheating, because the mother insists he's just "that good" at games. Find out the truth. Then we take calls about the NGP, both in Next Generation Portable form as well as Neo Geo Pocket form.
Editorial: Questions About The 3DS Terms of Service
Article by Bobby Blackwolf - 18424 views
Nintendo really needs to send Sony a thank you card. For the past few weeks, I, any many others in the independent gaming media, have been covering the recent downtime of the PlayStation Network. Meanwhile, folks at the Free Software Foundation have uncovered some possibly scary terms that you must agree to in order for your Nintendo 3DS to be fully functional.
Editorial: Why E3's New Rules Are Okay...Mostly
On the cusp of his 15th straight E3, Bobby Blackwolf was rejected for not meeting the new requirements for bloggers, even though he is a podcaster. However, he feels that the new rules are okay...Mostly. In this editorial, he describes why GDC went the same route and survived, what E3 exhibitors are thinking, where E3 can improve their quality control standards, and what an independent journalist can do if they get rejected from covering the most important event in the video game industry.
Minecraft 360, Diablo 3 Auction House
The first item we talk about probably won't help you listening on the podcast, but you could have gotten Midnight Club 2 on PC for free by joining the official Rockstar Group on Steam. But, you can join the VOG Network group on Steam even after May 15th! Minecraft 360 has broken sales records on Xbox Live Arcade, but announcing that has shown there might have been some preferential treatment. We also talk a little bit about the game (impressions from the demo) and how it is different from the PC version. If you want to buy games on Steam, but don't want to use your credit or debit card, you now have an alternative...And neither side is too happy about it. The Xbox 360 is rumored to get Internet Explorer 9 with Kinect support. Information about the real money auction house in Diablo 3 has been released...And we talk about how much money Blizzard will take in from each successful sale. We don't take many calls because we were recording on Mother's Day, but one person called in just to call, so we talked about The Pirate Bay telling Anonymous to stop censoring other people.
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Griezmann Following His Friend’s Club
By Vishal Singh | October 4, 2016 | 3
REUTERS/Benoit Tessier
Atletico Madrid attacker Antoine Griezmann has revealed that he is good friends with Manchester United’s Paul Pogba, and that he tries to watch him play whenever possible.
Griezmann has been previously linked with a move to Old Trafford, and this statement of his has added further fuel to these links.
In a recent interview, Antoine Griezmann revealed that he would only leave Atletico Madrid if Simeone leaves.
He told Telefoot: “The only doubt would be if Simeone leaves for PSG or wherever. I called him before extending my contract and he confirmed to me that he was staying. I can learn a lot from him.”
And now, the fact that Diego Simeone is set to leave Atletico Madrid in 2018, combined with Griezmann’s recent statements, will definitely bring a smile to the faces of Manchester United fans across the world.
Griezmann’s Suitors Given Massive Boost
When asked the reason behind him becoming good friends with Paul Pogba, Griezmann said that it was the criticism they faced together after France’s opening game against Romania in the Euro 2016.
“Pogba and I were brought closer by the French press,” Griezmann said. “Criticism after the Romania game made us friends.
“We get on very well. It is true that the Euros has brought us closer together still.
“Paul is a really nice guy. He is it! We send messages, Snapchats. He’s really a good friend. When he plays with his club, I try to look at it to see if he had a good game or not.”
← Manchester United Keeping Tabs On Benfica YoungsterLaporte Opens Up About Rejecting Manchester City Move In The Summer →
ISMAIL IDRIS on October 5, 2016 at 8:24 am
Don’t wait for him,just go for him.
henryke on October 6, 2016 at 12:31 pm
pogba will cme to his nomal game
David Moyes Tried To Sign £4m Rated Harry Maguire In 2013
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Contract Arborist and Training
Wildlife Work
Arboriculture International
Arboriculture Glossary
Arboriculture Glossary of Terms
There are 1070 entries in this glossary.
ABC (aerial bundle cable): system of reducing the physical hanging space of aboveground electrical conductors.
abiotic: nonliving.
abiotic disorder: plant malady caused by nonliving, environmental, or man-made agents.
abscisic acid (ABA): plant hormone that stimulates stomatal closure and promotes seed and bud dormancy. Inhibits shoot growth but may promote root growth. Plays a role in wounding responses and in abscission of leaves and fruit.
abscission: leaf or fruit drop induced by hormonal changes.
abscission zone: area at the base of the petiole where cellular breakdown leads to leaf and fruit drop.
absorbing roots: fine, fibrous roots that take up water and minerals. Most absorbing roots are within the top 12 inches (30 centimeters) of soil.
absorption: taking up. Contrast with adsorption.
acceleration: rate of change of the velocity of an object. Acceleration is a vector quantity. See vector and velocity.
access line: (1) second climbing line hung in a tree in case it is needed to reach a victim in an emergency. (2) climbing line installed in a tree to gain access to, but not used to work, the tree.
access route: defined entrance and exit route for a property during construction, tree work, or landscape operations.
acclimation: physiological adaptation process of plants and other living organisms to a climate or environment different from their native environment or where originally grown.
acid: having a pH less than 7.0. Contrast with alkaline.
acidity: state or quality of being acid. Contrast with alkalinity. See pH.
actinomycetes: group of soil bacteria resembling fungi. Actinomycetes play a role in the decomposition of organic matter and the release of mineral elements.
action: pertaining to carabiners and snaps, the number of distinct motions for the gate to be opened. A nonlocking carabiner is single action, requiring one movement for the gate to be opened.
acuminate: term describing leaves that taper sharply at their tip (apex).
acute: disorder or disease that occurs suddenly or over a short period of time. Contrast with chronic.
adaptability: genetic ability of plants and other living organisms to adjust or acclimate to different environments.
adjustable balancer: adjustable rigging sling used to balance limbs in rigging operations. adpressed: in close, tight proximity. Pressed close to or lying flat against something. Appressed.
adsorption: adhesion on contact of the molecules of gases, dissolved substances, or liquids to the surface of solids or liquids with which they are in contact. Contrast with absorption.
adventitious: arising from parts of the root or stem and having no connection to apical meristems.
adventitious bud: bud arising from a place other than a leaf axil or shoot tip, usually as a result of hormonal triggers.
adventitious roots: roots arising from roots or stems and having no connection to apical meristems.
aeration: provision of air to the soil to alleviate soil compaction and improve its structure.
aeration system: set of holes or trenches created in the tree
aerial device (aerial lift device): truck with booms and a bucket for elevating a worker to the proximity of a tree
aerial rescue: method of bringing an injured worker down from a tree or aerial lift device.
aesthetic: pleasing to the senses, visually or otherwise. Artistic.
aggregate: close cluster or mix of small particles of soil and/or organic matter of varying size that are bonded together; sand, gravel, or small rocks in soil; and/or sand, gravel, or small rocks used under paved surfaces. Also clusters of flowers or fruits that appear as a single unit. Also individual tree crowns that form a canopy.
air excavator: device that directs a jet of highly compressed air to excavate soil. Used within the root zone of trees to avoid or minimize damage to the roots, or near underground structures such as pipes and wires to avoid or minimize damage to them.
air terminal: uppermost point of a tree lightning protection system.
alkaline: having a pH greater than 7.0. Contrast with acid.
alkalinity: state or quality of being alkaline. Contrast with acidity. See pH.
all: two parallel rows of trees, usually of the same species, form, and age, often having canopies that have grown together.
allelochemicals: substances produced naturally by plants as part of a defense against pests and other plants. May adversely affect the growth and development of other plants.
allelopathy: chemical effect or inhibition of growth or development of plants that is induced by allelochemicals.
alternate: pertaining to bud or leaf arrangement, one leaf or bud at each node, situated at alternating positions along the stem. In this arrangement, the leaves are not directly across from each other. Contrast with opposite and whorled.
alternate host: one of a number of separate obligate hosts to the different life stages of certain pathogens, such as rusts, which must alternate between hosts. amon-eye nut: specialized nut used in cabling trees that has a large eye for attaching a cable to a threaded rod.
ampere (amp, A): (1) measure of electrical current flow through an electrical conductor; the flow of one volt through a wire with a resistance of one ohm. (2) the current draw or power rating of electrical power tools and appropriately sized power cords and sources and circuit breakers. Important to understand for efficient and safe use of such tools.
anatomy: (1) study of the structure and composition of plants and other living organisms. (2) structure and composition of plants and other living organisms. Contrast with morphology, physiology, and taxonomy.
anchor: (1) in cabling, hardware to which support cable is affixed. (2) in rigging, the point at which the rigging system is secured or where friction is controlled.
anchor block: in a mechanical advantage system that employs pulleys, the stationary block in a block and tackle system.
anchor force: sum of the forces acting on the anchor point(s) in a rigging system.
anchor hardware: hardware to which the cable termination is affixed in a cabling or guying installation.
anchor hitch: knot commonly used to attach a line to a piece of hardware. Anchor bend.
angiosperm: plant with seeds borne in an ovary. Consists of two large groups: monocotyledons (grasses, palms, and related plants) and dicotyledons (most woody trees, shrubs, herbaceous plants, and related plants). Contrast with gymnosperm.
anion: ion that carries a negative charge. Contrast with cation.
annual: plant living only one year. Compare to biennial and perennial.
annual rings: see growth rings.
ANSI: acronym for American National Standards Institute.
ANSI A300: in the United States, industry-developed, national consensus standards of practice for tree care.
ANSI Z133.1: in the United States, industry-developed, national consensus safety standards of practice for tree care.
ANSI Z60.1: in the United States, industry-developed, national consensus standards for nursery stock.
anthocyanin: red or purple pigment responsible for those colors in some parts of trees and other plants. Compare to carotenoid and xanthophyll.
anthracnose: group of fungal diseases of trees that affect the leaves, stems, flowers, or fruit, causing spotting, blotching, or necrosis.
anti gibberellin: plant growth regulator that inhibits the action of the plant hormone gibberellin, which, among other things, regulates cell elongation.
antitranspirant: substance applied to the foliage of plants to reduce water loss (transpiration). anvil-type pruning tool: hand pruning tool with a sharp, straight blade that cuts against a flat metal surface. Cuts across fibers and may crush adjacent fibers. Intended for cutting single, small-diameter stems. Also called hand pruners or hand snips.
apical: having to do with the tip of a leaf or stem.
apical bud: see terminal bud.
apical control: inhibition of lateral buds, decreasing from the top down, by apical buds over many seasons, resulting in trees with an excurrent growth form.
apical dominance: condition in which the terminal bud inhibits the growth and development of the lateral buds on the same stem formed during the same season.
apical meristems: growing points at the tips of shoots and roots.
apoplasm: free spaces in plant tissue. Includes cell walls and intracellular spaces. Contrast with symplasm.
appraisal: (1) placing a monetary value on a tree, other plant, other landscaping, including hardscape, or an entire property. (2) a report stating an opinion of appraised value. (3) particularly outside the United States, an evaluation of nonmonetary landscape or plant characteristics.
approach distances: minimum distances that must be maintained between conductors and other energized equipment and qualified line-clearance personnel or persons other than line-clearance personnel and their bodies or tools. Approach distances vary with qualifications of personnel and with voltages.
appropriate response process (ARP): method of systematically assessing plant health and client needs to determine which course of action, if any, is recommended.
approved: in the context of guidelines, standards, and specifications, that which is acceptable to federal, state, provincial, or local enforcement authorities or is an accepted industry practice.
arboriculture: practice and study of the care of trees and other woody plants in the landscape.
arborist: professional who possesses the technical competence gained through experience and related training to provide for or supervise the management of trees and other woody plants in residential, commercial, and public landscapes.
arborist block: heavy-duty pulley with an integrated connection point (bushing for attaching a rope sling), a rotating sheave for the rope, and extended cheek plates. Used in tree rigging operations.
artificial respiration: forcing air into the lungs of a person who has stopped breathing. See also cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).
AS 4373-1996, Pruning of Amenity Trees: in Australia, industry-developed, national consensus standards of practice for pruning.
ascender: piece of gear that enables a climber to ascend a rope. Attached to the rope, it will grip in one direction (down) and slide in the other (up). Contrast with descender. asymptomatic: without symptoms.
auger: tool that bores holes in wood or other materials while carrying cuttings away from the bored hole. Fitted with a cross handle for hand use.
auger bit: tool that bores holes in wood or other materials while carrying cuttings away from the bored hole. Fitted with a hex, round square, or threaded shank for insertion into a power drill or driver. auxin: plant hormone or substance that promotes or regulates the growth and development of plants. Produced at sites where cells are dividing, primarily in the shoot tips. Auxinlike compounds may be synthetically produced.
available water: water remaining in the soil after gravitational water has drained and before the permanent wilting point has been reached. Compare to field capacity, gravitational water, permanent wilting point, and saturation point.
axial transport: movement of water, minerals, or photosynthates longitudinally within a tree.
axil: point of attachment of a leaf petiole to a stem.
axillary bud: bud in the axil of a leaf. Lateral bud.
back cut: cut made on a tree trunk or branch, opposite from and toward the notch, face cut, or undercut, to complete felling or branch removal. Contrast with bore cut.
back feed: process whereby electricity is fed back into downed lines, usually from a home generator that can re-energize the lines. Voltage can be modified if it passes through a transformer.
backfill: (1) soil or amended soil used to fill the hole when planting a tree. (2) soil, common fill, aggregates, or contaminants in various combinations put back into an excavation. May not be hospitable for tree root growth and function.
bacteria: single-celled organisms having a cell wall but no organized nucleus. A few species are plant pathogens.
balance: in rigging, a technique for lowering a limb without allowing either end to drop.
balancer: rigging sling(s), usually with at least one spliced eye and a Prusik to position the load line. Used to rig a limb in a balanced configuration.
balled and burlapped (B&B): ree or other plant dug and removed from the ground for re-planting, with the roots and soil wrapped in burlap or a burlaplike fabric. Contrast with bare root, container grown, containerized, and in-ground fabric-bag grown.
barber chair: dangerous condition created when a tree or branch splits upward vertically from the back cut, slab up.
bare root: tree or other plant removed from the ground for re-planting without soil around the roots. Contrast with balled and burlapped, container grown, containerized, and in-ground fabric-bag grown.
bark: protective outer covering of branches and stems that arises from the cork cambium or cambium.
bark tracing: cutting away torn or injured bark to leave a smooth edge.
barrier: see root barrier and tree protection zone barrier.
barrier zone: chemically defended tissue formed by the still-living cambium, after a tree is wounded or invaded by pathogens, to inhibit the spread of decay into new annual growth rings. Wall 4 in the CODIT model. Contrast with reaction zone.
basal bark application: application of herbicides, usually mixed with penetrating oil, to the lowest 12 to 18 inches (30 to 45 centimeters) of the main stem(s) of unwanted vegetation.
bearing: device, often relying on balls or rollers, to reduce friction between mechanical parts such as a wheel or a pulley sheave and an axle or a shaft and case connecting rod. Contrast with bushing.
becket: an auxiliary attachment point on a block or pulley, usually 180 degrees from the main attachment, that is used to reeve the rigging line in a set of blocks.
beer knot: knot commonly used to join two ends of a piece of tubular webbing to create a loop. See water knot.
belay: means of securing or slowing a climbing line by using wraps around a cleat, carabiner, or other device.
belay device: piece of equipment used to provide friction for belaying a climber.
bend: type of knot used to join two rope ends together. Contrast with hitch. bend radius: radius of an object around which a line passes.
bend ratio: ratio of the diameter of a branch, sheave, or other object to the diameter of the rope that is wrapped around it.
best management practices (BMP): best-available, industry-recognized courses of action, in consideration of the benefits and limitations, based on scientific research and current knowledge.
better half hitch: half hitch(es), typically two or more, added to other knots for additional security. Also called
biennial: plant living two years. Usually grows vegetatively the first year, then flowers and fruits the second year. Compare to annual and perennial.
bifurcation: natural division of a branch or stem into two or more stems or parts.
bight: curve or arc in a rope between the working end and the standing part.
biodegradable: capable of being broken down by natural, organic processes and reabsorbed into the environment.
biological control: method of managing plant pests or weeds through the use of natural predators, parasites, or pathogens.
biotic: pertaining to living organisms.
biotic disorder: disorder caused by an infectious living agent.
bipinnate: double pinnate. Contrast with palmate and pinnate.
blade: (1) expanded body of a leaf. (2) sharp, cutting part of a tool.
Blake: friction knot climbers use, sometimes in place of the tautline hitch or Prusik knot.
bleeding: (1) flow of sap from plant wounds, injuries, or pathogen invasion. (2) flow of blood from a human or animal wound.
blight: any disease or disorder, regardless of the causal agent, that kills young plant tissues.
block: heavy-duty pulley used in rigging. Designed for dynamic loading.
block and tackle: system of two or more pulleys with a rope or cable threaded between them, usually used to lift or pull heavy loads.
blocking: method of using an arborist block to rig down trunk sections. Contrast with butt-hitching.
body-thrust: method of ascending a tree using a climbing rope. bole: main trunk of a tree below the branches, usually used in reference to a tall tree whose first branch is high off the ground.
bollard: post on which wraps can be taken with a rope to tie it off or to provide friction for control.
bolt: (1) lag- or machine-threaded cable anchor or bracing rod; used with a nut and washer in supplement support systems in trees. (2) a machine-threaded fastener used with a nut and washer in various equipment or structures.
bonding conductor: conductor that connects a tree support cable or metal conduit to a lightning protection system.
bonsai: art of pruning and managing tree growth through root pruning to maintain a miniature size.
boom: long, movable arm of an aerial device or crane.
bore cut: using the tip of a chain saw to cut into or through the middle of a piece of wood. Back-cut technique in which the hinge is established by plunge cutting through the stem, then cutting back away from the hinge. Plunge cut. Contrast with back cut.
botanicals: compounds (pesticides, oils, etc.) made from plants.
bowline: loop knot used to form single or double endline loop(s) in a rope, often to attach items to the rope.
bowline on a bight: knot used to form two loops in the standing part of a rope.
box cable system: tree cabling system that forms closed polygons. Used to join together more than three stems. Contrast with direct cable system and triangular cable system.
bracing: installation of metal rods through portions of a tree for supplemental support.
bracing rod: metal rod used to support weak sections or crotches of a tree.
braided rope: rope construction in which the strands are woven together in a diagonal pattern. Contrast with 3-strand rope.
branch: stem arising from a larger stem. A subdominant stem. Pith in true branches has no connection to the parent stem.
branch bark ridge: raised strip of bark at the top of a branch union, where the growth and expansion of the trunk or parent stem and adjoining branch push the bark into a ridge.
branch collar: area where a branch joins another branch or trunk that is created by the overlapping vascular tissues from both the branch and the trunk. Typically enlarged at the base of the branch.
branch protection zone: chemically and physically modified tissue within the trunk or parent branch at the base of a smaller, subordinate branch that retards the spread of discoloration and decay from the subordinate stem into the trunk or parent branch.
branch union: point where a branch originates from the trunk or another branch. Fork. Crotch.
breaking strength: force at which a new piece of equipment or rope fails under a static load. bridge graft: method to repair a semi-girdled to completely girdled trunk in which scion wood is grafted above and below the trunk injury to reconnect the trunk vascular cambium.
broadcast fertilization: application of fertilizer over the soil surface. Contrast with drill-hole fertilization and liquid fertilization.
brown rot: fungal wood rot characterized by the breakdown of cellulose. Contrast with soft rot and white rot.
brownout: term describing the brown appearance of dead foliage, usually following the application of herbicide.
brush chipper: see chipper.
BSI: acronym for British Standards Institution.
buck strap: strap used in tree climbing, often employed for ascending trees with climbing spurs. Similar to a work-positioning lanyard.
bud: small lateral or terminal protuberance on the stem of a plant that may develop into a flower or shoot. Undeveloped flower or shoot containing a meristematic growing point.
bud trace: vascular connection extending from the base of latent buds inward to near the pith. Grows in length with each annual increment and appears as a thin, continuous line when viewed in longitudinal section.
buffering capacity: ability of a soil to maintain (i.e., resist change in) its pH.
bulk density: mass of soil per unit volume. Often used as a measure of compaction.
buntline hitch: simple hitch commonly used to attach a line to a piece of hardware.
burl (burr, in British English): an abnormal swelling of a tree trunk characterized by swirling wood grain and meristematic tissue. Wood with these structures is prized for woodworking. Contrast with gall.
burlap: (1) strong, coarsely woven cloth made from fibers of jute, flax, or hemp. (2) a burlaplike fabric made of synthetic fibers. Both are used for containing soil in a root ball. See balled and burlapped.
bushing: (1) metallic tube or lining, without moving parts, to reduce friction between mechanical parts such as a pulley sheave and an axle; also the nonrotating sheave used to increase the bend radius for the sling attachment. Contrast with bearing. (2) a device, often made of rubber or plastic, to reduce vibration or wear between mechanical parts. (3) a fitting used to connect plumbing parts of different diameters (such as in spray equipment).
butt rot: decay of the lower trunk, trunk flare, or buttress roots. See crown rot.
butt-hitching: method of lowering pieces when the rigging point is below the work, traditionally without the use of a block. Contrast with blocking.
butt-tying: tying off a limb at the butt (larger) end for rigging.
butterfly knot: knot that can be used to form a loop in the standing part of a line.
buttress roots: roots at the trunk base that help support the tree and equalize mechanical stress.
cable aid: device used to tighten lags and aid in cable installation.
cable anchor: hardware to which a cable termination is affixed in a cabling or guying installation.
cable clamp: double-bolted, U-shaped clamp, sometimes used to secure tree cables. Not acceptable or approved for tree support systems in the United States.
cable grip: mechanical device that grasps and holds the cable during installation.
cabling: installation of steel or synthetic cable in a tree to provide supplemental support to weak branches or crotches.
callus: undifferentiated tissue formed by the cambium, usually as the result of wounding. Contrast with woundwood.
cambium: thin layer(s) of meristematic cells that give rise (outward) to the phloem and (inward) to the xylem, increasing stem and root diameter.
canker: localized diseased area on stems, roots, and branches. Often shrunken and discolored.
canopy: collective branches and foliage of a tree or group of trees
can't hook: lever with an adjustable hook and having a blunt end instead of a spike. Used for handling and rolling logs. Traditionally made with a stout wooden lever but now often made of metal. Contrast with peavey.
carabiner (karabiner): connecting device. Oblong metal ring used in climbing and static rigging that is opened and closed by a spring-loaded gate. Contrast with snap.
compound, combining carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, that is produced by plants as a result of photosynthesis. Sugars and starches.
procedure used by a trained person to force air into the lungs and to force blood circulation in a person whose heart has stopped beating. See also artificial respiration.
carotenoid
yellow, orange, or red pigment responsible for those colors in some parts of trees and other plants. Compare to anthocyanin and xanthophyll.
positively charged ion. In soils, the most abundant cations are calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), potassium (K), sodium (Na), and aluminum (Al). Contrast with anion.
cation exchange capacity (CEC)
ability of a soil to adsorb and hold cations. Affected by soil pH. Measures soil fertility, clay composition, and engineering characteristics.
causal agent
biotic or abiotic agent that induces a disease or disorder.
open or closed hollow within a tree stem, usually associated with decay.
basic structural and functional unit of living organisms.
cellulose complex carbohydrate found in the cellular walls of the majority of plants, algae, and certain fungi.
© Arboriculture International 2015
Brian French - Curriculum Vitae
Client List Arboriculture Glossary Professional Peers
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HOME › REGIONS › Asia-Pacific › Sofyx to unify Indian mobile phone retailers
Sofyx to unify Indian mobile phone retailers
by Stuart Wilson, Tuesday 9 July 2019
Sanjay Kaul, Sofyx
Sofyx, a social commerce platform for general traders dealing in smartphones and accessories, has launched in India. Sofyx aims to reach out to the estimated 300,000-plus small retailers in India selling mobile phones, bringing together the reseller community along with other stakeholders like telecom operators, device manufacturers, distributors, and other vendors on a single platform.
Set up by Sanjay Kaul, former country manager of Apple India, Sofyx is supported by co-founder Mukesh Kachroo, former CTO of US-based Gain Capital Group. In 2018, 140 million smartphones were sold in India with just over half of those selling through general trade retailers.
Kaul said: “Our estimates show that general trade in India sells over US$12 billion worth of mobile phones a year. In the next five years, this business will grow to about US$16 billion a year as feature phone market transitions to smartphones.”
“There are more than 300,000 general trade shops selling mobile phones in the country and they are spread out in every nook and corner of India. Sofyx will enable a significant number of these stores by partnering with them as their single point technology partner,” Kaul added.
The Sofyx platform aims to transform these small stores into a significant channel that brands, distributors, and customers would aspire to engage with.
DISTREE APAC 2019
The sixth annual DISTREE Asia-Pacific (APAC) will take place in Singapore on 6th to 8th November 2019. As a premium hosted buyer channel event, DISTREE APAC offers consumer technology, consumer electronics (CE), IT and digital lifestyle brands an opportunity to hold pre-scheduled one-on-one meetings with senior executives from APAC’s leading distributors, plus representatives from the region’s top retailers, e-tailers and marketplaces.
To request a hosted buyer invite for DISTREE APAC 2019 - CLICK HERE
Distributors, retailers and e-tailers confirmed to attend DISTREE APAC 2019 will have the ability to pre-request one-on-one meetings with exhibitors at this year’s event.
For further information on exhibiting at DISTREE APAC 2019 - CLICK HERE
Exhibitors at DISTREE APAC hold pre-scheduled meetings with a carefully selected audience of senior executives from the region’s top consumer tech and consumer electronics channel partners. Channel APAC is an official Media Partner for DISTREE APAC 2019.
Follow @Channel_APAC
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Moderator pays tribute to Jane Haining at Yad Vashem
The Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland has paid tribute to a missionary who gave her life to help protect Jewish schoolgirls during the Second World War.
Deacons plan regional 25th anniversary celebration
A group of Deacons from across Africa and Europe are visiting Scotland to plan a special 25-year anniversary conference.
New song celebrating young people launched
An upbeat and catchy new song has been launched to mark Scotland's 2018 Year of Young People.Throughout the next 12 months, it's hoped the lively composition will help congregations to celebrate the energy that young ...
Colston Milton church honours 103 year old who outlived her family
A North Glasgow church brought its local community together to give a big send off to one of its longtime members who has died at the age of 103 after outliving her husband and her ...
Landmine clearance leads to unexpected interfaith unity
The Moderator of the General Assembly has paid tribute to people carrying out work to clear deadly landmines in the Middle East.
From Texas to Ibrox: New minister welcomed to Glasgow
A former hospital chaplain has moved 4,500 miles away from her home in the United States to take up a new role as the Kirk's newest minster in Glasgow.Rev Tara Granados was ordained and inducted ...
Churches have a part to play in shaping new strategy to tackle loneliness
The Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland has welcomed a new national strategy to tackle loneliness and isolation.
New £1 million church planned for Island of Cumbrae
Ambitious plans to build a new £1million church on the small island of Cumbrae off the Ayrshire coast are fast becoming a reality.
Come and Sing Café launches ‘Do It Yourself’ video
A new video has been made to encourage faith groups to establish dementia support cafes.
Kirk elder is the 1000th Faithshare visitor
1000 people have travelled across the world with the Church of Scotland Faithshare Visitor Programme.
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Why #YesAllWomen took off on Twitter
CNN iReport
By Emanuella Grinberg, CNN
updated 4:10 PM EDT, Tue May 27, 2014
#YesAllWomen tweets tell a sad story
Elliot Rodger's misogynistic rants inspired #YesAllWomen Twitter conversation
#YesAllWomen has been trending since Saturday after killing spree in California
People tweet #YesAllWomen to share examples of gender-based harassment
Participants: Campaign drew in outsiders instead of preaching to feminist choir
(CNN) -- No, not all men channel frustration over romantic rejection into a killing spree. But yes, all women experience harassment, discrimination or worse at some point in their lives.
That's the message at the core of an ongoing Twitter conversation that emerged after a rampage last week that left six students from the University of California, Santa Barbara, dead and wounded 13 others.
Elliot Rodger, who apparently shot and killed himself, left behind a robust digital footprint detailing his plan to "destroy everything I cannot have," blaming the "cruelness of women" for leading to his "day of retribution."
His comments inspired Twitter users to tweet the hashtag #YesAllWomen: They shared examples of what "women must fear" even if "not all men" engage in those behaviors, according to the person believed to have created the hashtag Saturday. The person did not respond to CNN's request for comment.
#notallmen practice violence against women but #YesAllWomen live with the threat of male violence. Every. Single. Day. All over the world.
— Soraya Chemaly (@schemaly) May 24, 2014
The hashtag -- a response to the "not all men" defense sometimes used to deflect feminist arguments -- spread quickly on Twitter, zeroing in on the subtle and explicit signals that a woman's worth is based on her availability to men.
By Tuesday morning, #YesAllWomen had been tweeted more than 1 million times.
Because I now wear shorts under dresses in crowded bars after being groped and even penetrated by unseen hands. #YesAllWomen
— Laura (@LauraLikesWine) May 25, 2014
Because calling me "Darlin' " in our first business meeting is "okay" because you're from the South. #YesAllWomen
— Amber Naslund (@AmberCadabra) May 25, 2014
#YesAllWomen b/c not returning someone's feelings, or as society calls it putting them in the "friend zone", should not make me feel guilty
— Business Sam (@Sam_Slagle) May 25, 2014
Expanding the conversation
#YesAllWomen is the latest Twitter hashtag to draw attention to violence against women in a global conversation that has spread from social media to college campuses and into the White House.
While most feminist-driven Twitter campaigns preach to the choir, #YesAllWomen has succeeded in drawing the mainstream -- including men -- into the conversation, feminist writer and political analyst Zerlina Maxwell said. More unique is the conversation's focus on misogyny and its negative impact on women and men, Maxwell said, pointing to tweets from men as evidence.
Don't hate the #yesallwomen hashtag. Hate that it has to even exist. Hate the injustice of gender inequality. Hate violence against women.
— Eugene Cho (@EugeneCho) May 26, 2014
There was backlash to the hashtag's sentiment, too. Some challenged the idea that misogyny was behind Rodger's killing spree, while others argued against the broader idea that most women face gender-based harassment.
But those tweeting #YesAllWomen interpreted backlash as evidence to prove their points.
Sigh. Because I'm still having to use the block button for hateful messages. #YesAllWomen
#YesAllWomen's forebears include #everydaysexism, which evolved from the website Everyday Sexism. In 2011, the site launched as a place for people to share stories of gender-based harassment. Today, #everdaysexism exists as a continuous feed of examples of street harassment, and as an occasional rallying cry around petitions. It has been tweeted more than 520,000 times in the past year, according to social Web search engine Topsy.
Is misogyny part of our culture?
Killer's video sparks Twitter backlash
Earlier this year, Maxwell started #rapecultureiswhen in response to a Time.com op-ed calling for an end to "rape culture hysteria." The hashtag highlighted examples of victim blaming and was tweeted more than 67,000 times.
With more than 1.2 million tweets so far, #YesAllWomen has far outpaced both hashtags, according to Topsy. It has drawn comments from celebrities such as Kerry Washington, Neil Gaiman and Patton Oswalt.
Celebrity boost aside, #YesAllWomen's universal appeal springs from "bottom-up" personal stories instead of a single omniscient voice in an op-ed, Maxwell said.
"It's not somebody on high saying this is a problem in society and everyone should fix it," she said. "It's people talking about real experiences, and each experience is validated by the next."
More than Internet slacktivism
Even though #YesAllWomen grew as a counterpoint to the "not all men" argument, it's effective because it stands on its own, feminist media critic Rachel Sklar said.
Don't miss out on the conversation we're having at CNN Living. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook for the latest stories and tell us what's influencing your life.
In fact, Rodger's killing spree shows that men can also be victims of hostility toward women: Four men were among those killed, including his two roommates, "the biggest nerds I had ever seen," Rodger said.
Rodger left behind a 137-page "manifesto" in which he wrote, "I've wanted love, affection, adoration. You think I'm unworthy of it. That's a crime that can never be forgiven."
"I don't know what you don't see in me. I'm the perfect guy and yet you throw yourselves at these obnoxious men instead of me, the supreme gentleman," Rodger said in a YouTube video posted the day of the killings.
Sklar said his words echoed sentiments voiced by men's rights activists in online forums and social media platforms, especially Twitter. Those murmurs rarely turn deadly, she said, but Rodger's actions represent every woman's worst fears.
"It's been a collective trigger for women. It's an extreme case of something we see and experience regularly as part of our lives, but it's shocking and jarring and scary to see it taken to these lengths," said Sklar, who founded the women's network TheLi.st.
Despite its grim origins, #YesAllWomen advanced conversation around issues that dominate feminist circles, feminist writer Soraya Chemaly said. The hashtag sparked more discussion about rape in India and Africa, and college campus sex assault in the United States.
George Chen, 19, was at home near the University of California, Santa Barbara, on Friday, May 23, when his roommate Elliot Rodger, 22, went on a deadly rampage. Rodger stabbed Chen and two other people to death at his apartment before shooting and killing three more in a nearby neighborhood, authorities said. More than a dozen others were injured before Rodger died of an apparent self-inflicted gunshot wound.
Cheng Yuan Hong, 20, was also stabbed to death. He was listed on the lease with Chen and Rodger.
The third stabbing victim, 20-year-old Weihan Wang, was also a roommate.
Veronika Weiss, 19, was killed outside the Alpha Phi sorority house. Her father, Bob Weiss, says she was exactly the kind of person who would want to help Rodger. "She was kind. She was the person who would reach out to the kids who weren't the popular kids, some of the nerdy kids, some of the kids that were a little bit like this Rodger kid described himself as."
Katherine Cooper, 22, was with Weiss when the two were killed. They were both members of the Tri Delta sorority. "Katie will be remembered for her generous spirit and warm heart. Veronika will be remembered for her vibrant personality and enthusiasm for life," Delta Delta Delta President Phyllis Durbin Grissom wrote.
Chris Martinez, 20, was later gunned down at a deli. He dreamed of being a lawyer like his dad. Now his grieving father, Richard Martinez, has emerged as the public face of gun control advocates in the aftermath of the six killings in Isla Vista.
Isla Vista victims
Photos: Isla Vista victims
The hashtag also forced discussion of the intersection of mental illness and misogyny in violence against women, especially in mass shootings, which are overwhelmingly perpetrated by white men.
"I don't know how anyone can look at this information and not see how densely matrixed all these factors and events are," Chemaly said. "We keep seeing this pattern repeated and people seem to think misogyny or mental illness are exclusive or need to be prioritized."
While there's no tangible outcome to the hashtag's spread, those involved said it's far from the typical slacktivism. It created a virtual space for women to share their stories, Chemaly said.
"While there's a lot of harm that can happen online, the Internet (has been) so fundamentally transformative for women and feminists," she said.
"Women who were isolated in their experiences by culture and their families for the first time can exceed those boundaries."
Part of complete coverage on
Find yourself at CNN Living
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CNN Living reflects your life. From advice for modern parents to the freshest news in food: It's all here.
Eatocracy: Try this unique syrup
updated 12:06 PM EDT, Thu August 7, 2014
Travis and Joyce Miller started producing hickory syrup as an experiment. Demand for the unique flavor has turned into a full-time business.
Relate: Summer lovin'
updated 11:05 AM EDT, Tue August 5, 2014
These happy couples kept the campfire flames burning, and turned summer flings into lifetime commitments.
Parents: Bad mom or criminal?
updated 1:33 PM EDT, Thu August 7, 2014
Shanesha Taylor says a moment of "desperation" led her to leave her children in a car during a job interview.
Style: The appeal of the one-piece
updated 11:55 AM EDT, Fri July 18, 2014
Bikinis might dominate the beaches, but style editors and trend forecasters say the one-piece is the "fashion-forward" choice this season.
Decor: When to wash your sheets
updated 10:42 AM EDT, Wed July 30, 2014
Are you ready for this? These guidelines tell you when to wash everything, from sheets and cars to bras and hair.
Identity: Society vs. facial tattoos
updated 7:21 AM EDT, Thu August 7, 2014
"I am a canvas of my experiences, my story is etched in lines and shading," says tattoo artist Kat Von D. Is this a good thing?
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Chris Chiari Exec. Director | Denver
Info coming soon.
Jason Savela Treasurer | Boulder
Jason became a lawyer to represent individuals against the tyranny of government and corporations.
Seth Gustin Secretary | Fort Collins
Seth believes that spending tax dollars to prosecute Americans for growing and consuming a plant, which helps so many and causes no harm to others, is a ridiculous waste of taxpayer money and law enforcement resources.
Larisa Bolivar Denver
Larisa Bolivar is a trailblazer and pioneer in the cannabis industry having opened one of the first dispensaries in Colorado.
Lauren Davis Denver
Lauren is committed to helping people smoke marijuana without fear of criminal prosecution.
Citizen Jay Daily Denver
Rachel K. Gillette Lafayette
Committed to the reform of federal and state marijuana laws, Attorney Rachel K. Gillette's areas of practice include business law, marijuana law, and tax law.
Judd Golden Boulder
Civil trial lawyer in private practice in Boulder, CO since 1984. Former chair of the Boulder County ACLU Chapter.
Chad Jasnau Boulder
Chad is co-owner of Fresh Baked Dispensary in Boulder. He promotes responsible and safe practices, along with a service oriented, educational setting for Consumers.
Lauren Maytin Aspen
Lauren has committed her life to representing those accused of crime and in need of an attorney well versed in the constitution.
Leland Rucker Boulder
Longtime journalist dedicated to ending the stigma against cannabis produced by 80 years of federal suppression, harassment and lies.
Brian Schowalter Durango
Brian Schowalter is a an attorney specializing in criminal defense.
Jeri Shepherd Greely
Jeri was a Deputy State Public Defender for 26 years and is now in private practice.
Craig Small Boulder
The Law Office of Craig Small offers a wide spectrum of legal services including family law, medical marijuana law as well as other general legal services.
Lynda Spangler Boulder
Lynda says, "This plant is needed, miraculous, and common sense, all in one package."
Ashley Weber Longmont
Ashley Weber is a Cannabis advocate, medical patient, Mom, and friend!
Associate Board Members
Edison P McDaniels III Boulder
Rebel Saffold III Denver
Rebel believes that everyone has personal liberties that should be protected. He plans to use his talents in technology and nonprofit operations to further the mission of CO NORML.
Board Member Emeritus
Lenny Frieling Boulder
Lenny's criminal defense practice of 37 years in Colorado is devoted to defending those accused of, suspected of, or charged with crimes.
His emphasis includes all driving matters, including less serious traffic cases as well as the most serious, all drug criminal matters, assaults, and most other criminal situations. He does not limit myself to only very serious cases. Lenny also teach law, write and is published in law, sit on mock trial juries, serves on numerous boards, and more. Lenny is AV rated, pre-eminent atty, rated top 1% criminal defense attorneys in the US, Superlawyer 2011.
Leonard I. Frieling, PC
1942 Broadway, #314, Boulder, Colorado 80302
Office hours by appointment only. Lafayette appointments available and preferred.
http://www.Lfrieling.com
Rachel was honored to join the Colorado Board of Directors in 2011 as Treasurer. Rachel's office is in Lafayette, Colorado, in close proximity to both Denver and Boulder.
Rachel K. Gillette, Attorney, LLC
103 E Simpson Street Suite 200
www.rachelkgillette.com
He is an expert criminal defense and DUI attorney, with a focus on drug cases. His firm also represents dozens of medical marijuana dispensaries and he is an expert on the civil and regulatory issues regarding marijuana.
Sean T. McAllister, Esq.
McAllister Law Office, P.C.
36 Steele St., Suite 200
http://www.mcallisterlawoffice.com/
If you remember nothing else, remember this: there is nothing you can tell the police today that you cannot tell them tomorrow with a lawyer. Just say, I want a lawyer.
The Savela Law Firm, PC
250 Arapahoe Avenue, Suite 301
http://www.jasonsavela-law.com/
She specializes in marijuana business licensing and criminal law. When not working, you can find Lauren skiing, hiking or hula hooping at concerts.
Lauren C. Davis
The Law Office of Lauren C. Davis
Office: 720-279-8810 x 1
http://laurendavislaw.com
The goal of the practice is to provide the highest degree of integrity, competency and professionalism in solving your legal needs.
Law Office of Craig Small, LLC
Canyon Professional Building
595 Canyon Boulevard
http://www.cbslaw.net/
Her practice focuses primarily on criminal defense and the counseling of pot-repreneurs, caregivers, patients, doctors, growers, dispensary owners, manufacturers and landlords on all facets of Colorado’s marijuana laws: medicinal and recreational. Lauren is a happy mom, lawyer, snowboarder, hiker, biker and festival goer.
Lauren Maytin
Edson, Maytin & Matz, LLP
The Law Office of Lauren R. Maytin, P.C.
520 East Cooper Avenue, Suite 211
Aspen, Colorado 81611
PO Box 3098 Aspen, Colorado 81612
http://www.warrenedson.com/
She sees the eradication of the Drug War as a human rights issue. She is glad to be serving with some awesome people on the CO NORML board.
Jeri Shepherd
Jeri D. Shepherd, Attorney at Law
710 11th Avenue, Suite 203-D
http://www.sheplaw.net/
He is committed to ending the national failure that is the war on drugs and dispelling prejudices associated with marijuana. He lives in Durango, Colorado with his wife and two young children.
Brian Schowalter
Brian Schowalter Attorney at Law
101 West 9th Street Suite 1
http://www.schowalterlaw.com/
Lynda is Colorado NORML's Webmaster and founder of UBhapE2. UBhapE2 is an all encompassing creative design studio and text message marketing company. The impetus for the name is obvious and Lynda's personal wish 4U. Lynda believes freedom is the right of each individual. She says, "We need progress versus staying mired in the muck of American Politics. Our voices count and this movement towards progress is our proof."
Website: http://www.ubhape2.com/
Seth is a consultant with The Hemp Consulting Group which is based in Fort Collins, CO. He specializes in cultivation, system design, and troubleshooting grow room issues. He enjoys his free time whitewater paddling, skiing with his wife and the dogs in the back country, and rock concerts. He is the events coordinator for Colorado NORML so look for him at the booth!
Recognizing the need for a united voice for marijuana patients, Teri Robnett founded Cannabis Patients Alliance, an organization of patients, professionals, businesses and supporters focused on public education and political advocacy. She travels the state and the country testifying and speaking about the medicinal benefits of cannabis and the importance of safe access for all users.
Born and raised in Colorado, Teri is a wife, mother, stepmom and grandmother. Diagnosed with fibromyalgia over 25 years ago, she now uses cannabis exclusively to manage her symptoms. She enjoys gardening, bicycling, walking, crafting and playing with her dogs.
twitter.com/rxmaryjane
facebook.com/rxmaryjane
facebook.com/rxmj2009
facebook.com/cannapan
Prior to engaging in the Cannabis Business, Chad was in the Franchise Industry for 10 years. Originally from Nebraska, Chad is also the Communications Director for Omaha NORML. His focus on legitimizing the Cannabis Industry Nationally has gained the recognition of groups in Arizona, California, Florida, Illinois, Minnesota, Nebraska, New York and Washington. His current focus is the "correct" regulation of MJ Businesses, especially the banking and scheduling of Cannabis. In order to give patients and consumers safe access to legal Cannabis, we need to make sure all Cannabis businesses can effectively conduct business. Chad currently lives in the Highlands with his beautiful wife Tiffiny of 8 years.
Fresh Baked has been featured in High Times and also won 2nd Place at the 2012 HT Cannabis Cup in Denver for the Hybrid Strain, Jack Flash.
Fresh Baked Dispensary
2539 Pearl Street
Boulder 80302
http://www.freshbakedcolorado.com
Civil trial lawyer in private practice in Boulder, CO since 1984. Former chair of the Boulder County ACLU Chapter. Founder, Iowa NORML where helped pass decriminalization and medical marijuana laws and enjoined rock concert searches. Won landmark case stopping random drug testing of CU-Boulder student-athletes, and helped enact Boulder’s employee drug testing ordinance in 1989, still regarded as one of the most protective in the nation.
Judd Golden Attorney at Law, LLC
500 Mohawk #209
Website: http://lebertech.com/
Executive director of Denver NORML. Jordan is dedicating herself to being an advocate for the rights of marijuana consumers in the Mile High City. She thrives on educating and healing patients through cannabis infused massage therapy.
Leland has been a reporter, columnist and editor for newspapers, books, magazines, film and the Internet since 1975. He began writing Weed Between the Lines, a news column about Colorado legalization issues, in Boulder Weekly in May 2013, and was named Senior Editor at Sensi magazine in January 2016. He hosts Roots and Branches, the Morning Sound Alternative on KGNU-FM community radio in Boulder.
Larisa Bolivar is a trailblazer and pioneer in the cannabis industry having opened one of the first dispensaries in Colorado. She passionately advocates for consumer rights and helps develop cannabis businesses and policies across the globe.
Ashley Weber is a Cannabis advocate, medical patient, Mom, and friend! Advocating for the rights of patients, people, and the plant by raising awareness about cannabis for medicinal use, and educating others on how the "whole plant" can be used for a variety of things medically, economically, commercially, and agriculturally.
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Magic Mike review, Magic Mike Blu-ray review
Channing Tatum, Alex Pettyfer, Cody Horn, Matthew McConaughey, Matt Bomer, Joe Manganiello, Olivia Munn
Buy the BD
All photos © Warner Bros.
Reviewed by David Medsker
here will not be a single review of “Magic Mike” that does not reference “Boogie Nights.” Not one. So let’s get the comparisons out of the way, shall we? Yes, “Magic Mike” is “Boogie Nights” with strippers. The thrilling highs, the devastating lows, the drugs, the impetuousness and arrogance of youth, it’s all here. Also, Channing Tatum shows his ass. That last bit will probably serve as the proverbial spoonful of sugar to help the flawed story structure go down, at least as far as the female audience is concerned, but there is too much medicine in this movie. It’s nice to see a stripper movie that has its heart in the right place, but it’s a pity that it seems unsure about which character it’s supposed to be following.
Mike (Channing Tatum) fancies himself a modern day renaissance man. He works at a construction site, though his dream is to make custom designed furniture, and he finances this dream by moonlighting as a stripper. One day at the site he meets Adam (Alex Pettyfer), a handsome but clueless 19-year-old. The two run into each other again later that night – at which point Adam has already lost the construction job – and Mike persuades strip club owner Dallas (Matthew McConaughey, in the role he was born to play) to give Adam a job helping out while Mike and his fellow strippers do their thing. When “Tarzan” (Kevin Nash) falls ill, Mike persuades Dallas to let “the kid” go out there, and despite being scared out of his wits, he’s a hit with the ladies. Mike promises Adam’s protective sister Brooke (Cody Horn) that he’ll watch after him, but as Adam gets a taste for the life, he becomes harder to control, which causes Mike to question his own priorities.
It’s tempting to fault the movie for playing the drug card (that’s so predictable), but let’s be reasonable: drugs play a significant role in stripper culture. Also, the movie would be a crashing bore if Tampa’s finest slices of beefcake were teetotalers, so the drug plot, while cliché, is a necessity. The bigger problem is in building the budding relationship between Mike and Brooke. Cody Horn wears a Hilary Swank-ish scowl from beginning to end, and it’s tough to see what Mike sees in her. Does he view her as a challenge after years of easy sex? Does he see her as a gateway toward a more normal life or, at the very least, a way to resolve his own contradictions? Whatever the reason for their love story, they do a poor job of selling it, though it’s debatable whether it’s the screenplay or Horn’s performance that is to blame. Both, probably.
Good thing, then, that Tatum turns in yet another solid performance as the deeply conflicted Mike. The role allows him to show off his formidable dancing chops (wait until you see the scene of him on the bridge), but more importantly, he gets his first character of depth. Mike is smarter than the other strippers, but he’s not as smart as he likes to think he is, and he does a commendable job of conveying Mike’s limitations. Pettyfer, on the other hand, becomes less and less developed as the movie progresses. We see him making these terrible mistakes, but the change in his personality is not explored in depth, and after a while it feels like watching Dirk Diggler in a movie about Reed Rothchild. The supporting character becomes the main focus, and the audience isn’t getting his whole story. The film feels incomplete because of it.
There are lots of things to like about “Magic Mike,” but a few key ingredients, mostly story-related, prevent the film from hitting its mark. You can almost see director Steven Soderbergh at odds with himself, torn between making a mainstream film or a gritty indie, and ultimately doing neither.
Two-Disc Blu-ray Review:
Considering that it was one of the most profitable movies released so far this year ($7 million budget, $158 million worldwide gross), the Blu-ray for "Magic Mike" is a surprisingly bare-bones affair. There are only three bonus features, and one of those is simply the dance routines from the movie cut together, which barely counts as a bonus feature. The other two bits are a featurette on making the movie, and a few extended takes on some of the dance routines that were used in a montage, the best of which is Matt Bomer pretending to be a wind-up doll to a blindfolded bride-to-be.
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Bronislaw Huberman: the cherubim descended at the recall to play
by Avior Byron
Carl Bronson wrote at The Los Angeles Evening Herald and Express of 16 April 1937: ‘the results of [Huberman’s] … magnificent musical ideals are overwhelming. His violinresponds to every whim, and these are many, as this very unusual Paganini draws from the wood and strings his celestial idioms… Strange to say, Huberman looks as did Brahm’s friend Remenyi and the concerto sounds more Hungarian than German. Merely coincidence, but very interesting.’
The Smith’s Weekly from Sydney Australia wrote on 23 June 1937: ‘Short of stature, stern of mien, with grave eyes that calmly surveyed the crowded Sydney Town Hall without apparent interest; prominent brows surmounted by a massive dome of forehead; pouted lip, compressed in a thin line of individual character almost as forbidding in its seriousness as the mask of Beethoven – Bronislaw Huberman … bowed solemnly when he appeared at his first concert on Saturday night.’
Thorold Waters of The Sun News-Pictorial from Melbourne, Australia wrote on 12 July 1937: ‘It was a though one of the cherubim [angels] descended at the recall to play the Andante from the Third Partita, spiritually the most serene Bach performance Melbourne has enjoyed on any instrument, or set of them, for ever so long.’
The Argus Monday wrote on 26 July 1937: ‘The popular conception of Delius as an enfeebled visionary found no echo in Huberman’s dynamic reading of the composer’s only violin concerto. Not alone a great musical performance, but a psychological study of significance and power, this interpretation revealed the authentic Delius, whose proud, secretive, and indomitable temperament rose superior to paralysis and loss of sight.’
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Conference on Schumann in Israel
אירוע אביב מס’ 1 מטעם האיגוד הישראלי למוסיקולוגיה
בשיתוף
בית הספר למוסיקה ע"ש בוכמן-מהטה, אוניברסיטת תל אביב
יום ג’, 23 בפברואר 2010, אולם קלרמונט, 19:30, אוניברסיטת תל אביב
"דמיון ופיוט, מחלה ויצירתיות ביצירתו של רוברט שומאן"
במלאת 200 שנה להולדתו
בתכנית:
פרופ’ משה צוקרמן (אוניברסיטת תל אביב):
"פאוסט, מנפרד, קרייזלר וכל השאר" — הערות על המימד הספרותי ביצירתו של שומאן
פרופ’ אליעזר ויצטום (האוניברסיטה העברית):
"ראיתי מלאכים, פגשתי שדים" — מחלה ויצירתיות אצל רוברט שומאן
פרופ’ יהואש הירשברג (האוניברסיטה העברית):
"עולם הפיוט בלידר של שומאן"; "שומאן והפסנתר הרומנטי"
מיצירות שומאן יבוצעו:
מחזור "שירי המלכה מריה סטיוארט" אופ. 135 (1852)
מבחר לידר לטקסטים של ריקרט, היינה ואחרים
"הומורסקה" לפסנתר, אופ. 20 (1839)
בביצוען של:
ברניקה גליקסמן – פסנתר
הגר שרביט (מצוֿ־סופרן), דניאל בורוביצקי (פסנתר)
כרטיסים במחיר 75 ₪ ניתן להשיג במקום החל מהשעה 18:30
לחברי האיגוד הישראלי למוסיקולוגיה, לאזרחים ותיקים ולסטודנטים 40 ₪
מנויי ביה"ס למוזיקה ע"ש בוכמן-מהטה – במסגרת הקונצרטים המיוחדים או 40 ₪
האיגוד הישראלי למוסיקולוגיה מודה לכל משתתפי הערב המופיעים ללא תמורה. הכנסות הערב מיועדות לפעילות האקדמית של האיגוד.
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A photo of a sculpture of Bronislaw Huberman
The following photo was taken at the Felicia Blumental Library at Tel-Aviv with the kind permission of the Library and Bronislaw Huberman Archive.
I need to add the name of the sculpture…
Note how the sculpture depicted Huberman looking to (or perhaps beyond) the sky. In many concert reviews, he was perceived as a musician who did not merely play music, but signified something that transcends music.
Do you know who made the sculpture? What do you think about it? Please comment below.
Huberman in Scotland and Honolulu
Two antithesis reviews of Huberman
More newspaper clippings about Huberman’s violin playing
Bronislaw Huberman’s faith: the affect of events on the perception of performance
Reviews of Huberman by Neville Cardus, part II: technique and spirit
Huberman and the divine: concert reviews by Neville Cardus
Huberman and the Divine: letters from listeners
Huberman and the divine: report by Edmondo De Amicis
Max Brod on Bronislaw Huberman’s violin playing
Bronislaw Huberman: funding ideas
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Glasgow Times, on 13 January 1937 wrote the following review on a concert with Szell and the Scottish Orchestra, under the subtitle ‘Human Outlook’: ‘Beethoven’s violin concerto is a great human work, and there is no living violinist with a more human outlook than Huberman … everything combined to provide us with a rare experience in our musical life.’
On 31 May 1937 an news paper in Honolulu Reviewed a concert with Huberman and the pianist Jakob Gimpel: ‘the listener was … deeply stirred by the silken quality of his bowing which was fraught with ineffable charm and literally breathed a spirit of serene meditation… Huberman … satisfies thje poetic carving of his listeners and leaves them serene and satisfied, and conscious of a sublime musical experience.’
The Boston Evening Transcript wrote on 25 March 1937: ‘Schnabel and Huberman portrayed …[Beethoven] in his superb masculinity, a masculinity, by the way, which at will can manifest the tenderness of a woman.’
Posted in Music, Research, Musicology in Israel, Reviews, Concert reviews, Resources | No Comments »
Today I had only one hour to sit in the Huberman Archive in Tel-Aviv. But I read two interesting newspaper clippings about Huberman’s performances:
The Argonaut, from San Francisco, California wrote on 3 April 1936 about Huberman’s ‘imperfect’ technique: "It is but natural, if not essential, that the utter submergence of self to the recreation of the composer’s message can not always result in a one hundred per cent technical performance – nor should it. We would rather hear an artist give his heart and soul to transmitting a master’s ideas and ideals than concentrate his mind upon exact placing of every note, the unchanging clarity of tone quality and the cold, methodical precision of approximate technical perfection. In other words, we prefer an artist of warmth of expression and intensity of emotional versatility to another who has technical precision but no depth of feeling."
Not all critics saw Huberman as a messenger of the composer or any other metaphysical entity. W. L. wrote at The Manchester Guardian on 4 November 1935 about Huberman’s approach to the Brahms Violin Concerto and compared it to that of other violinists: ‘Heifetz stands aloof from it, observing all but seemingly remaining unmoved by it. Kreisler comes to it with love and reverence, and, without disturbing the unity of the work, shows us each of it wonders like a connoisseur lovingly proud of his treasures. Huberman sees with so many of us that Brahms lacks inner vitality, and, again without disturbing the shape of the work, infuses it with his own quick, intense vitality. It is impossible to imagine finer-nerved or more sensitive fiddling than Huberman gave us.’ Here the critic argued that Huberman adds to the music an important element that is lacking from the score due to the composer’s limitations. This is an antithesis to the views mentioned above.
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3 Conferences on Musical Performance
The Embodiment of Authority: Perspectives on Performances
The Embodiment of Authority: Perspectives on Performances Conference
Sibelius-Academy, Helsinki, Finland
10–12 September 2010
A call for papers will be announced at January 2010.
Nicholas Cook
Professor of Music
University of Cambridge (UK)
Della Pollock
Professor of Performance and Cultural Studies
University of North Carolina (US)
Allen S. Weiss
Associate Adjunct Professor of Performance Studies and Cinema Studies
New York University (US)
Dr Taina Riikonen
The Piano Trio: History, Technique, Performance
Senate House, University of London
Call for Proposals:
The piano trio is a relatively late arrival on the scene in the history of chamber music. When in the late eighteenth century, the first piano trios as we now understand them – with emancipated string parts that are assigned near-equal partnership with the keyboard – appeared, the string quartet was already well established as a genre. The development of the piano trio has been contingent upon the ways in which changes to the construction of keyboard instruments affected the nature of the inter-relationships between instruments and composers’ responses. This conference aims to bring together researchers working on the historical, technical and performative aspects of the piano trio genre.
The keynote presentation will be given by David Owen Norris.
Proposals (250 words) for individual papers (20 minutes, with 10 minutes discussion), lecture-recitals and performances /demonstrations (30 minutes maximum, with 15 minutes discussion) or panels (three of four papers, each to be 20 minutes maximum, with 10 minutes discussion) are invited on the following topics:
•Historical origins of the piano trio
•Changing social function of the genre
•Canonic works, and mainstream repertoire for the piano trio
•Significance of the genre as a cultural phenomenon
•Historical and contemporary performance practice of the piano trio repertoire
•Performance history of the piano trio
•Equal partnership or ensemble hierarchy in performance?
•National identities in relation to the genre
•The place of the piano trio in historical and contemporary concert programmes
•The rise and careers of professional piano trios
•Recording history of the piano trio
•Contemporary repertoire for the piano trio
•Patronage and the piano trio
•The piano trio as a foundation for larger ensembles
•Subversion of the genre: piano trio with non-traditional instrumental combinations
•Progressive and conservative trends in 20th-century piano trio repertoire
•The development of modern pianos and its relationship to the repertoire for the piano trio
•Compositional issues in relation to the piano trio
•Issues of balance in the performance of piano trios
•Landmarks in the history of the piano trio repertoire
•The future of the piano trio
DEADLINE for proposals: 5pm (GMT), Monday 1 March 2010
Notification of acceptance and preliminary programme: 15 April 2010
Final programme issued: 15 July 2010
Registration opens: 1 August 2010
Please submit by email, in an attachment including your full name and contact details, to the IMR Administrator Mrs Valerie James, at This e-mail address is being protected from spam bots, you need JavaScript enabled to view it .
Proposals will be judged anonymously. Paper proposals from students are especially encouraged.
Conference Committee:
Mine Dogantan Dack (Chair – Middlesex University)
John Irving (Director of the Institute of Musical Research)
Peter Fribbins (Middlesex University)
Mieko Kanno (Durham University; Orpheus Institute)
Ferenc Szücs (Irish World Academy of Music and Dance)
Marianne Tyler Brown (Middlesex University)
http://music.sas.ac.uk/imr-events/imr-conferences-colloquia-performance-events/the-piano-trio-history-technique-performance.html#c1446
Performance Studies Network, CMPCP
The Performance Studies Network - hosted by the AHRC Research Centre for Musical Performance as Creative Practice (CMPCP) - will hold its first international conference at the University of Cambridge from Thursday 14 July to Sunday 17 July 2011. Most conference activities will be held in the Faculty of Music, and delegates will be accommodated in nearby Robinson College. Plenary sessions will be led by members of the CMPCP team and by invited speakers from outside the Centre; there will also be a range of performance events, including a concert given by the internationally renowned Endellion Quartet.
The Call for Papers will be issued in Autumn 2010, inviting proposals for individual papers, panel sessions, posters, and events featuring live performance. Registration forms will also be made available then; early booking is strongly encouraged owing to the limited number of spaces available at Robinson College.
Information about CMPCP can be found by visiting www.cmpcp.ac.uk.
See www.cmpcp.ac.uk/performance_studies_network.html for details of the Performance Studies Network and for updates about this conference.
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The Manchester Guardian wrote on 24 April 1933 that the ’sudden, violent plundege into the scherzo [of Beethoven’s G majour Sonata] came as though we had escaped a revelation which it is not for mortals to know’.
Neville Cardus wrote on 23 February 1934 (The Manchester Guardian) about a forthcoming concert of Huberman in aid of German refugees from the Nazi regime:
‘Kriesler, who has never rebelled against his own beauty pf line and form, has entered into disillusionment through as sort of satiety. Art cannot live on its own perfections; the artist must shed skin after skin… until you have heard Huberman in the slow movement of the Beethoven Violin Concerto you can scarcely be said to have heard it at all. He brings to it a wonderfully shaded tone, quite yet of spiritual intensity, a tone which, as he plays his fiddle, Huberman himself seems to be overhearing, as though the music came from some withdrawn place of meditation.’ Cardus went on to write about how Huberman affects the form of the piece with his playing: ‘in the rondo … he will make the music much more than a pretty gambol, a conventional rounding of off the work. He exults in the tough energy he brings to the rhythm; he trashes his instrument, shakes the patterns of classical form until the playing becomes a daemonic protest against formalism. Yet the same artist will give you Bach pure and absolute. He is the most uninhibited violinist; he is not afraid of any mood that may come over him. He is not afraid, even, of playing badly. His gospel, in art and in all the ways of his varied life, is freedom.’
There is much one can learn about how Cardus perceived Huberman from the way he compared the violinist to other musicians. On 26 February 1934 he compared Huberman to Heifetz. Here too he describes Huberman as a ’searching spirit, not to be satisfied by such external things as sensuously satisfying fiddling.’ For Cardus, Heifetz is Huberman’s antithesis, since he ‘lacks vivid, changeful life, and there is not in his art anywhere that enigma which is the mark of the finest imagination… Heifetz lacks a daemon… There is nothing difficult to comprehend in his art.’ Cardus claimed that the older Huberman grows the more he ’seems to pursue some private truth of self-expression, as though searching in music for a freedom of spirit not to be got out of the external universe. A more inhibited violinist never lived. Sometimes the limitations of his medium seem to stir a divine impatience in him; then he will achieve what few artists ever dare to venture – the tone that rebels and protests against the eternal complacence of beauty, whose very order and fulfillment are finite, and, therefore, irksome to the creative spirit.’ He describes Huberman’s performance of the beginning of Beethoven’s Kreuzer Sonata as ‘mystical’. Cardus sums up his review by articulating ‘the old problem of all artistic activity’: ‘How far may a master pursue truth without infidelity to his medium, and how far does absorption in his medium tend to imprison imagination and make a routine of it?’
New York Times, 31 December 1934, Olin Downes:
‘Mr. Huberman played the fiery introduction, the great fugue and the lesser movements of the G-minor sonata with an eloquence that reveled the spirit as well as the mind of Bach … more virtuosity than ever.’
Cincinnati Enquirer, 1 December 1943, George A. Leighton
The New York Herald-Tribune of 20 February 1935 wrote about Huberman’s performance of the Brahms concerto. It suggested that ‘the wraith of the composer had he been listening from some fourth-dimensional box , might excusably have droped an astral tear or two upon his beard.’
B. H. Haggin from Brooklyn, N. T. Eagle wrote on 25 February 1935 about a recital of Huberman and Schnabel. He suggested that during the Brahms sonata in D minor ‘Huberman seemed to be trying to do things with the music, and did things that were unnatural and sometimes in shocking taste.’ However, in their performance of ‘Beethoven’s sonata in G. Op. 96, one found oneself in a new world… Huberman’s playing was itself something beyond mere violin playing. It had, in fact, nothing to do with violin playing as produced by other violinists… One recognized that Mr. Winthrop Sargeant had been correct in reporting … [that] Huberman "seemed to be straining every physical capacity of the violin as an instrument in an attempt to produce an interpretation that transcended its limitations."’
O. T. of The New York Times wrote on 24 February 1935 that ‘Huberman communicated at the opening [of Schubert’s C major "Fantasie"] a vision as of another world.’
Did Bronislaw Huberman encourage the perception of his performances as something that is related to the metaphysical? Huberman’s relation to Judaism was complex. Judaism is more than a religion, is contains important national and cultural beliefs that are present in the lives of Jews that may be considered secular. Huberman’s huge efforts to help Jews during the Second World War were manifested in his foundation of the Palestine Orchestra and his efforts to help Jewish musicians that chose to emigrate to other places than Israel, such as the cellist Emanuel Feuermann. On the other hand, he was not a strict observant Jew, as there is evidence that he did not observe the holiday of Sabbath according to the Jewish religious laws. For example, the Talmud instructs the observant Jew that musical instruments should not be played by a Jew during Sabbath. Huberman was asked to change a date of a concert of the Palestine Orchestra so that it will not occur on Sabbath evening (Friday night). On 23 April 1940 he replied:
Then there remains the question whether a concert with a serious classical program of music representing the sublimest thoughts and feelings of mankind should not embellish and deepen Sabbath feelings for the listener as well as for the player.
In Palestinian colonies the concerts could only take place on Sabbath because most of the colonists cannot leave their hard work during the week. And far from being distraction and amusement, these concerts give them a spiritual uplift and force for months and years.
You write “Mr. Huberman has given a soul to Palestine and fame and happiness”. – Now then, this has not been done by strictly abiding by a law and sitting down and doing nothing, but by carrying out a law from within: to help persecuted people and to support them in their hard work and loneliness, regardless of day and hour. – Which do you think counts for more? (Hubermanm, Ibbeken ed., An Orchestra is Born, p. 70).
Huberman did not argue that he secular or that the Sabbath is not important. He claimed that not only the sublime feeling of mankind that are represented in the performance of classical music ‘deepen Sabbath feelings’, but his inner law that dictates him to help persecuted musicians through the foundation and performances of the Palestine Orchestra is more important than the ‘strict’ religious law of avoiding playing during this day. The significance of these concerts to the Jews in Israel during these hard times is reflected also from the following letter dated 16 January 1939, Huberman reported to Sidney Matz that
In any other country, no matter how musical it might be, there would scarcely have been concerts altogether in a period of such a political struggle and economic crisis. For our people, on the contrary, the concerts proved to be a most necessary lifting up, filling them with new strength to hold out. One could gather it from the almost religious concentration with which the audiences listened. (Ibid., p. 65)
It is fascinating the Huberman himself uses the word ‘religious’ in order to describe the way listeners listened to performance of classical music. Indeed, the Palestine Orchestra’s performance and Huberman’s performances from the 1930s and 1940s can be better understood under the backdrop of the Jewish people’s struggle in Europe and Israel. In a speech Huberman gave at the Temple Shaare Emeth on 20 November 1942 and the Palestine Society of Philadelphia on 22 March 1944, he described the Jewish revival in Israel and the foundation of the Palestine Orchestra as ‘miracles’ (Ibid. pp. 73-76). He concluded his speech with the following statement: ‘As a child O often wondered how in our times of modern rationalism we could be expected to be as religious as people were in ancient times when they witnessed miracles. Well, today in Palestine one can see endless miracles, if only one has the sense to see miracles…’. Indeed, the combination of a special event and/or place may highly influence the perception of a musical performance. Consider the way the painter and author Nahum Gutman described how the violinist Moshe Hopenko received in 1917 the news of Lord Balfour’s declaration supportive of a national home for the Jews in Palestine. Hopenko not only received the news about the Balfour declaration, but he also returned with the other inhabitants of Te-Aviv after being expelled by the Turkish.
It was no miracle that when Mr Hopenko returned home, he noisily opened the shutters to allow the light into the house which has been sealed for many months… It was no miracle that the violinist opened the black case and took out his good friend, the violin. For many months the case has been wrapped in rags for fear of arousing the curiosity of the Turkish soldiers. The violinist tuned the strings and drew the bow. It was no miracle that he felt happy and liberated. No miracle. His wife sat at the piano, wiped the dust off the keys, and the hitherto dormant sounds emerged.
No miracle? Yes, there was a mircle!
Since the music poured through the windows on to the green road and filled the air. It endowed everything with a certain festive light, which is seen but not grasped. (Nahum Gutman, Shvil Klipot Hatapuzim (The Orange Skin Alley) (Tel Aviv, 1959), p. 78. Quoted and translated by Jehoash Hirshberg, Music in the Jewish Community of Palestine 1880-1948 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1995), pp. 49-50).
Save the Music Library in Tel-Aviv - sign petition now!
Huberman’s technique was an issue that was discussed in various newspaper reviews, and letters from listeners. In the follwing review for The Manchester Guardian, dated 13 December 1933, Neville Cardus discussed this issue in his normal poetic manner, and suggested that Huberman’s technique points to metaphysical issues.
Cardus talked about Menuhin’s ‘perfect’ technique, who was only seventeen years old and performed in England during those days, and claimed that if his ‘playing remains for ever sensuously satisfying, flawless in line and tone, he will remain outside the secret places of the imagination.’ The critic reported that a remark was made in the audience that Huberman’s tone was not as consistent as that of Menuhin. Cardus argued that there is not only a difference of age between the two violinists, but also a psychological difference: ‘Huberman is a searcher, a chaser if ideals’. He suggested that if Huberman would be given Menuhin’s technique, he would find it ‘a prison for his spirit.’ Cardus told his readers that several years ago Huberman reached the peak of his technique, and at that very moment he stopped playing for a year, and went to study philosophy during that pause period, at the Sorbonne. Cardus suggested that Huberman is neither a slave of ‘beautiful sounds’ nor ‘the allurements of the fiddle’. Just like Max Brod, Cardus compares Huberman to Beethoven. He suggested that their similar great quality is in ‘penetrating and penetrating’ beyond the mere beautiful sound. He hinted to Moses when he wrote that Huberman ’strikes music out of his instrument as though with the rod on the rock.’
Cardus argued that if Huberman can do an ‘exquisite’ violin sound in one place, surly his ‘hard’ sounds are not an outcome of technical flaw. This ‘hard’ sound, so he claimed, is connected to the idea of music. Cardus regretted that in England, music is regarded as something beautiful that is apart of life, while Huberman’s playing is a ‘criticism of life’.
Huberman’s performance of the slow movement of Beethoven’s violin concerto was describe by Cardus in the following: ‘Never before have I heard the figuration sound so unearthly, so spiritual in its mazeful transitions.’
How Twitter helped my research on music
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In the last few weeks I have examined the subject of the perception of the divine in performances of Huberman as reflected from reviews by Max Brod and Edmondo De Amicis, as well as admiration letters from various listeners to the violinist. The reviews by Max Bord and Edmondo De Amicis were written by literary figures. In the following posts I will study reviews that appeared in various newspapers and were written by other music critics. This post will focus mainly on two reviews by the Neville Cardus.
Neville Cardus, wrote for The Manchester Guardian from 1917 until 1975. He was one of England’s most famous classical-music critics. HE was also a critic on cricket. His autobiography from 1947 became a best-seller. He was knighted in 1967, the first music critic to receive such an honor. His criticism on both music and cricket was subjective and full of prose. His style was very different from the objective and factual criticism of Ernest Newman of The Sunday Times. It was argued that Newman "probed into Music’s vitals, put her head under deep X-ray and analysed cell-tissue. Cardus laid his head against her bosom and listened to the beating of her heart." (Brookes, Christopher (1985). His Own Man — the Life of Neville Cardus, Methuen, p. 137). The Yehudi Menuhin claimed that Cardus "reminds us that there is an understanding of the heart as well as of the mind… in Neville Cardus, the artist has an ally". (Daily Telegraph Review supplement, 8 August 2009, "Knighted for services to cricket and music", p. R21.)
Cardus wrote about Huberman on 19 March 1932. He argued that he had never saw a violinist ’so possessed, so far removed from the normal.’ He interpreted the ‘failures’ of intonation and rhythm as ’signs of a subtle, enigmatical temperament.’ Ordinary violinists may not have these problems. Yet Huberman is not ordinary: ‘Huberman’s violin is as though bewitched out of the ordinary and rational world of music.’ The critic tried to trance the source of Huberman’s violin playing claiming that is sparks from the tradition of ‘Paganini, Sarasate, and those necromancers of the instrument of whom it is possible to believe that they learnt their secrets by communication and contact with unearthly forces.’
The critic went on to describe Huberman’s visual aspects of performance. He noted that Huberman is a short man with a big head, and that he crouches and sways during performance. [I will insert here caricatures of Huberman in various newspapers].
I mentioned above De Amicis report of Huberman playing as if he was tearing off a vampire sucking his blood. Cardus, too, wrote that
We get a sense that there is a genie within his violin, and that he is now coaxing and then tormenting it with his bow. Or we feel that it is not his bow at all but his fingers that are, so to say, putting a hypnotic influence upon the fiddle. His playing is extraordinarily tactile; his instrument might well be compact of living nerves.
Cardus argued that Huberman’s performance was ‘not a classical interpretation; the phrases were too lithe, too magical for that.’ He implied to the myth of the violin as the instrument of the devil and other creatures, when we wrote ‘there was somehow an alien note – the note of a fawn-like fantasy, a cloven-hooved allurement.’
As in Max Brod’s review, Cardus suggested that Huberman’s music does not come from himself, but from metaphysical sources. He wrote that at times Huberman ‘appeared to be listening to his own music, as though hearing it from a distance, blown to him of the winds of Elf-land.’
Not only Brod argued that Huberman’s performance was a struggle. Cardus reflected a similar idea, developing his aforementioned metaphor of a struggling beast when he noted that during the cadenza, ‘Huberman’s bowing was hard to follow with the eye in all its gyrations and pawings and sword-thrusts and attacks.’
Cardus concluded his review claming that Huberman is ‘a violinist possessed… capable of holding everybody in thrall by the genius that dwells in him.’
Cardus wrote another piece of criticism about Huberman on 30 January 1933 in the same newspaper. Similar ideas from the pervious article appear here. Huberman is described as a violinist ‘possessed by the demonic’ and that ‘there is a vampire sort of tenacity in his playing; he sucks the music dry’ so that when the performance is finished one gets the impression that the work of music that was performed is ‘now done with, explored and exhausted’. He echoed the notion of Huberman listening from a distance. He argued that Huberman’s sprit seeks to ‘penetrate behind the notes and pierce the core of things’.
Cardus’s notion that Huberman’s performance is not just music, as it points to a metaphysical reality, is clear from the following passage:
Huberman, who is a philosopher as well as a musician, plays as though aware that, as Goethe puts it, all the transitory world is only symbolical. Even the notes of music may well be nothing more than a great imagination’s unrealized effort to get behind the veil. Huberman is far more than a fiddler intent upon thrilling and pleasing us; often he appears to challenging his music to reveal its ultimate secret.
Music is not just sound. It serves to point to something that is beyond sound. Huberman’s bow, the critic argued, is used as ‘a rod to strike the impersonal, everlasting inscrutability of the music’s noble rock, to wring out of it a human truth and beauty.’ Although he wrote about ‘human’ beauty, the language is similar to that religious thinking claiming that reality points to the divine that is beyond it.
Cardus also argued that Huberman is a mediaeval alchemist … he makes us think of agencies of good and evil. There is an enigma in his art. He wrestles, and often it strikes us that the beauty he is conjuring about him and us is a matter likely at any moment to get out of his control.’
He concluded his criticism stating that ‘Huberman is the modern "Doktor Faust" of the violin – two souls do dwell within his breast, the surging romantic and the contemplative thinker.’
Something from the next post:
The Morning Post of 6 February 1933 reviewed a concert in the Queen’s Hall. It argued that the audience was ‘quick to appreciate the privilige of hearing interpretations so profound, so ardent, so transcending.’ This critic too, argued that Huberman’s playing is pointing to something that is beyond the material. He claimed that ‘Huberman’s playing … is comparable to Schnabel’s in its relentless grip upon the music’s form, a grip that never relaxes until from the form the spirit is recreated.’
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Keller Named to Ravens 2017 World Cup Squad
By Julian Clarkstone
Kathleen Keller has been selected to travel to Australia for the 2017 Rugby League World Cup with the Canada Ravens.
In doing so she will become the first and only representative (female or male) from Quebec to play for Canada in an international Rugby League match.
Whilst the Ravens are ready for their inaugural World Cup, there’s no doubt that the legacy the team creates is equally as important as the tournament itself, which can hopefully introduce more talented athletes from Quebec and other parts of Canada to Rugby League.
“I’m already excited to go home and tell people to come and try their hand at Rugby League.”
“I like that the game is fast-paced and dynamic and I also really enjoy learning about the new strategy.”
“I can tell you first-hand that Quebec has several quality players that would excel.”
“The province of Quebec has proven in the last few years to have one of the best Rugby Union programs in the country and some of the best athletes, last year we were national champions at 15s rugby,” Keller stated.
Keller is a great example of the talent held in Quebec, having represented Canada’s Rugby Union side at senior and under 20s levels, was a part of the tour to Russia with the FISU Universiades in 2013 and also captained Rugby Quebec in both 7s and 15s formats of rugby union.
Injuries dampened Keller’s hopes of representing Canada’s Rugby Union side at a World Cup, but she will finally get the opportunity at the Rugby League World Cup, which will commence on November 16 against New Zealand.
“The opportunity to be able to represent Canada at the Rugby League World Cup as a women’s Rugby League pioneer is tremendous and is really just a surprise.”
“I am nearing the end of my athletic career and it just feels like it is meant to be after the culmination of so many years of hard work,” Keller said.
Whilst the sense of achievement and excitement seems to be at the forefront, Keller is well aware of the challenges the Ravens will face, coming up against Australia and New Zealand, the finalists of the last World Cup, as well as Papua New Guinea, where Rugby League is the national sport.
“I expect this World Cup to be a learning experience for us but I also think we need to dare to believe that we can do great things on this tour.”
“We are inexperienced at league but we do have some talented and seasoned union players, so the skill level is there.”
“Now it’s a question of testing how fast we can adapt to a different code of rugby and I think we have to expect a lot from ourselves if we want to play on the world stage,” Keller exclaimed.
Keller’s versatility could see her play in several positions for the Ravens, but regardless of where she plays on the field she will be taking a leadership role with the side as one of the more senior players.
It’s also through playing rugby that Keller has learnt some valuable lessons that she will be able to pass on to her team mates as they look to develop Canada into a strong Rugby League nation.
“I’m a very competitive person and I think also a natural leader, but I used to think there was only one form of leadership and it was just to be extremely demanding and hard.”
“Through rugby I learned that sometimes people just need to feel heard, get few words of encouragement or a pat on the back rather than a kick in the behind and learning to read those moments has really helped me connect with teammates over the years.”
“I also learned it is the best way to get people to give the best of themselves,” Keller said.
Canada Rugby League are looking forward to seeing what Kathleen Keller will bring to the Ravens side and wish her all the best heading into the 2017 Rugby League World Cup.
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India Heads for Bumper Wheat Crop
posted Dec 5, 2011, 12:05 AM by Puneet Goyal
By RAJESH ROY And BIMAN MUKHERJI
NEW DELHI – Wheat sowing in India has picked up pace after a rain-induced slow start and the country is likely to reap a bumper crop, but higher-than-usual temperatures in key regions could slightly hit output.
"The minimum temperatures are slightly high in major producing areas because of foggy conditions," said Indu Sharma, director of the Directorate of Wheat Research. "It will be good if we have a spell of rains around this time" to bring down the temperatures, she added.
India's breadbasket regions in the northern states of Punjab and Haryana usually experience light rains during the winter, but there have been none so far this year.
India, the world's second-largest wheat producer, harvested 85.93 million metric tons of wheat in 2010-11, topping its production target of 80 million tons for the year.
The target for this year is 84 million tons and Farm Secretary P.K. Basu said there is no reason why India won't exceed that. "Weather, so far, is favorable. Water reserves are excellent and fertilizers are in place," he said.
Mr. Basu didn't say whether India would top last year's production level. In October, he had said output could be 86 million tons.
He said 43% of wheat sowing has been completed.
Wheat sowing usually starts by October and the harvest begins in March-April. Wheat is sown only during one season, while rice, the other main grain staple, is planted both in summer and winter, though mostly during summer.
Higher output could help India export wheat in coming months. Its shipments have been less than 160,000 tons since a ban on exports was lifted in September, as local prices have edged past international levels.
In October, India raised the minimum price for wheat purchases from farmers by about 15% to 1,285 rupees ($24.83) per 100 kilograms in order to encourage farmers to plant the crop in more areas.
India is hoping its total foodgrain output will rise to a record 245 million tons this crop year.
The government is preparing to roll out a food security program that guarantees cheap grains to most of India's population.
Write to Rajesh Roy at rajesh.roy@dowjones.com and Biman Mukherji atbiman.mukherji@dowjones.com
http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052970204012004577073630860901036.html?mod=googlenews_wsj
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The Bitmoji Museum
April Kicks Off with 6 Brand New Bitmojis
On: 2019-04-01
In: News & Reviews
Maybe the folks at Bitmoji have been taking to heart my “smacks of low effort” criticisms over the past 6 weeks, or maybe they unrelatedly happen to have hired a new creative director. But this latest set of 6 newmojis seems to indicate a bold new direction for the company—one that is willing to take more chances and even step on a few toes in its attempted march toward greatness. Let’s have a look!
Rating: 9.0/10. From 3 votes.
Wow. OK! Harsh, but kinda funny too, in a gallows humor sort of way. While some Christians may bristle at the sight of anyone other than their lord and savior depicted on a cross, the use of crucifixion dates back to at least 479 BC when the Athenians executed a general from the army of Xerxes during the second Persian invasion of Greece. Other examples include Alexander the Great crucifying 2,000 survivors of the Siege of Tyre in 322 BC; Rome crucifying 6,000 followers of Spartacus to deter further slave revolts; and the Jewish king Alexander Jannaeus having 800 of his Pharisee enemies crucified a hundred years before the time of Christ. At least here we’re treated to a relatively gore-free depiction of the ghastly and cruel punishment that had many variants, as Seneca the Younger, a Roman contemporary of Jesus, recounts: “I see crosses there, not just of one kind but made in many different ways: some have their victims with head down to the ground; some impale their private parts; others stretch out their arms on the gibbet.” One universal, despite the presence of the loin cloth here and usually depicted on the Christian messiah as well, is that people were crucified butt nekked to maximize humiliation.
Related bitmojis:
Rasta Stereotype
October 2018 saw the nationwide legalization of marijuana in the Bitmoji corporation’s home country of Canada. The overwhelming popularity of ending 95 years of prohibition led within weeks to a nationwide pot shortage crisis. While it’s all well and good to celebrate drug policy reform, and while I’m delighted to see cannabis make its debut in the Bitmojiverse—where the far more dangerous recreational drug alcohol has already been featured 30(!) times at latest count—none of this particularly excuses this rather crass stereotype of a Rasta. Sometimes refered to as Rastafarianism, this modern religious movement began in 1930 when Jamaican-born black nationalist Marcus Garvey’s 1920 prediction “Look to Africa, when a black king shall be crowned, for the day of deliverance is at hand” was interpreted by his followers a religious prophecy fulfilled 10 years later by a man who traced his ancestry to back to the Biblical King Solomon and the Queen of Sheba, Emperor Haile Selassie of Ethiopia. Though neither he nor Garvey subscribed to Rasta beliefs, millions of Jamaicans and others began to regard Selassie as an incarnation of God on Earth and the second coming of Jesus Christ. But the use of cannabis by Rastas is commonly mischaracterized. Recreational drugs like alcohol, tobacco, and caffeine (as well as harder drugs like cocaine or heroin) are shunned as defilers of the body, while communal use of marijuana is seen as a sacrament and a meditative tool to aid in self-realization and mystical experiences, emphasizing a sense of community and connection with the divine. Plus, this bitmoji looks like they just hastily stuck some pot-themed clip art on and around the blissed-out avatar.
Blood Coming Out of His… Wherever
With the exception of the bitmojis urging people to vote in 2016 and 2018, and the two now-retired Kanye 2020 bitmojis from August 2015, the Bitmoji corporation has steered cleared of politics, choosing not to alienate large segments of its users with partisan sentiments. Apparently that ends today with this not-exactly-timely release of a newmoji featuring the avatar holding the bloody severed head of US president Donald Trump in the manner of comedian Kathy Griffin’s notorious May 2017 Twitter post video, whose fallout included the loss of her position as marketing spokeswoman for Squatty Potty. I had mixed feelings about that piece of performance art and have similarly mixed feelings about its becoming a bitmoji. I’d have been horrified by a depiction of, say, a conservative comedian holding the severed head of Barack Obama, just as I was when rightwing nut Ted Nugent threatened to assassinate him in 2007, and later when Trump obliquely suggested gun nuts kill Hillary Clinton if elected in 2016. But is there a real equivalency here or is it comparing apples to oranges (so to speak)? Flawed as they might be, there has never been much reason to question the basic human decency of Obama or Clinton, whereas Donald Trump has provided no evidence that he is anything other than an amoral megalomaniac pathological liar who thinks nothing of using graft, bigotry, concentration camps for children, incitements to rightwing vigilante mass killings, and conspiritorial treason in his attempts to turn America into his own dictatorship. Sic sempre tyrannis, you dig? Or as Thomas Jefferson famously declared: “The tree of liberty must be refreshed from time to time with the blood of patriots and tyrants.”
Bitmoji has never shied away from scatalogical humor or fecal matters in general, and they have a significant history of making “Avatar face in a ________ with stick figure arms and legs” variants, so I suppose we all should have seen this coming. But now that it’s here, I’m not sure what I’m supposed to do. Celebrate? To be honest, I’m loathe to even acknowledge the existence of this new nadir in taste and decorum in bitmojidom, but I am nothing if not your loyal and committed bitmoji rater and reviewer, and so I must what I must do. As if anticipating the desire to pay it as little heed as humanly possible, this horrible bitmoji’s glittery brown dripping font beckons you to look at it, demanding your attention. No, you fetid crapulous mass, I will not give you what you want. I am moving on with my life right this very instant.
Related bitmoji:
Trippin’ Balls
Dang, in for a penny in for a pound, I guess. It was one thing for Bitmoji to ride the wave of marijuana legalization sweeping the civilized world, but quite another to make an unmistakable reference to being under the influence of a hallucinogenic drug like LSD, DMT, ayahuasca or psilocybin mushrooms—substances that, though far, far less dangerous than alcohol or tobacco, remain so preposterously criminalized in most countries that, in the United States for example, you can be fined millions of dollars and sent to prison for 40 years for a first time possession charge or face life imprisonment for a second “offense”. I hope I live long enough to see such inanely cruel punishments abolished, especially with recent studies showing the near-miraculous healing properties of such drugs on terrible and difficult-to-treat diseases like major depression and PTSD that cripple the lives of millions. Though “Trippin’ Balls” may have been intended as a silly joke, I applaud it as a small step toward bringing discussion of the positive effects of hallucinogens out of the darkness and into the light of public consideration.
Another not-so-timely reference, the origin of this phrase—or at least the popularization of it, so far as anyone can tell—is a 2007 skit on Mad TV with comedian Anjelah Johnson as King Burger employee Bon Qui Qui, who works there as part of the Outta tha Hood program (as her manager is forced to explain to a customer), and incidentally also features Keegan-Michael Key of later Key & Peele fame. While I’m not a huge fan of threats of violence becoming bitmojis, I’ve always had a soft spot for this phrase since its use is generally by women in a “srsly stop fucking with me” way that is defensive rather than representative of the aggressive male violence that permeates our world in the form of domestic abuse, rape, honor killings, gang killings, countless wars, and genocide. Decent, if basic, art and fontwork add up to a BotW contender which would have taken the prestigious honor were it not for the “Hang In There!” bitmoji it was up against.
NOTE: While the 10-rating, 5-rating, and 1-rating are actual official bitmojis, the rest of the ratings (0, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, and 9) are unofficial custom creations, so you don’t expect to find them in the Bitmoji app or The Bitmoji Museum Archives. Names applied to particular bitmojis are entirely unofficial and used only for convenience.
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In 2013, German automotive parts giant Brose surprised many when they decided to spend 3. 4 million Euros set- ting up a production line for a new e-bike drive unit. Once the news broke, two key questions were immediately raised within German business circles: 3. 4 million?! E-bikes?!
Like mega-competitor Bosch who came up in the auto industry, Brose rose to success with its own electric motors designed to run automotive power-steering units. And like Bosch, they, too, must’ve seen the writing on the wall in terms of the future of alternative-transportation needs beyond gas-guzzling cars.
After adapting their steering motor to an e-bike, Brose set about testing the system in the Alps for 100,000 kilometers before being put into production. The company plans to go after the high-end e-bike market before branching into other levels of e-assist drive units, but the company has a goal of taking 20 percent of the e-bike market by 2018. The company has produced the steering motor used a multi-million times in the past years. The drive unit weighs 7. 5 pounds and generates up to 600 watts in its 250-watt nominal power version.
On the Rotwild mountain bike we got to ride briefly at the Sea Otter, the battery case was welded in as a patent-pending integration into the main-frame member, and the drive unit bolts to it. This arrangement makes for an almost invisible installation, and one that doesn’t compromise the geometry of a modern mountain bike.
THE DRIVE UNIT
Brose’s compact drive unit can be mounted at the precise angle of the downtube. It consists of a 250-watt, brushless electric motor; gearbox; and electronics. Sensors sample pedaling torque 420 times per second to regulate the assist support. Since the Brose drive unit uses normal chainrings, it is possible to have two front chainrings controlled by a derailleur.
We were told that Brose plans to enter the U.S. market for model year 2016.
www.brose-ebike.com www.rotwild.de
BROSE E-BIKE
MID-DRIVE
A mid-drive that takes integration to a new level
With the Brose drive unit and battery case integrated into the down tube, it doesn’t look much like an e-bike.
{ FIRST LOOK }
34 www.electricbikeaction.com
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Sun and clouds mixed. A stray shower or thunderstorm is possible. High 88F. Winds light and variable..
Gladys Marie (Moats) Kincaid
Gladys Marie Kincaid
Gladys Marie (Moats) Kincaid, 83, widow of Paul W. Kincaid, formerly of Orchard Road, Staunton, passed away Thursday, July 4, 2019, in the Shenandoah Nursing and Rehabilitation Center, in Fishersville.
Mrs. Kincaid was born in Pendleton County, West Virginia on March 8, 1936, a daughter of the late Ernest David and Lena (Whitecotton) Moats.
Gladys was a member of Jollivue United Methodist Church and retired from Genesco-L-Grief Company as a seamstress. She enjoyed sewing, gardening, and canning.
In addition to her husband of 50 years and her parents, Mrs. Kincaid was preceded in death by a brother and two sisters.
Surviving are two sons, Paul D. Kincaid and Doug L. Kincaid and his fiancée, Jina Cook; a daughter, Diana K. Desper and her husband, Tom, all of Staunton; a sister, Cora Mae Davis of Massachusetts; two grandchildren, Hunter Desper and his wife, Jessica, and Tyler Desper and his wife, Jennifer; two step-grandchildren, Jenelle Cook-Cash and Mallory Cook; three great-grandchildren, Liam, Finn and Callie Desper, and five step-great-grandchildren, Camden, Cayden, Callyson, Keaghan and Kynzlee.
The family will receive friends from 4 to 6 p.m. Sunday, July 7, 2019, in Coffman Funeral Home and Crematory and other times at the home of her son, Doug L. Kincaid, 71 Orchard Road, Staunton, or her daughter, Diana K. Desper, 31 Chestnut Road, Staunton.
A graveside service will be conducted 2 p.m. Monday, July 8, 2019, in Augusta Memorial Park.
Active pallbearers will be Hunter Desper, Tyler Desper, Harold Clifton, Bernie Plotner, Johnny Kincaid and Warren Cline.
The family would like to extend a special “Thank You” to the Shenandoah Nursing and Rehabilitation Center, the Augusta Health Hospice of the Shenandoah, and to the family of Jina Cook for all of the loving care given to Mrs. Kincaid during her illness.
Coffman Funeral Home and Crematory, 230 Frontier Drive, Staunton, is in charge of her arrangements.
Condolences may be expressed to the family online at www.coffmanfuneralhome.net.
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Sustainable Drainage Systems (SuDS) and Integrated Constructed Wetlands (ICW)
The Greater Dublin Strategic Drainage Study (GDSDS) was completed in 2005 and involved the seven Local Authorities of the Greater Dublin Area. The study carried out an in depth assessment of the Dublin’s drainage system. In addition to the extensive analysis of the drainage systems and the data collection that was carried out, the output also provided five policy documents. One of these was an Environmental Policy, a second dealt with drainage of New Developments and a third on Climate Change. These three documents focused on the design approach and criteria for new drainage. The objective of these three policy documents was to ensure that any future development did not continue the trend towards increasing flooding in the city and pollution of the rivers.
Drainage design in the past has been extremely simple using a rational method to size pipes to ensure that surface water is removed as quickly as possible to ensure flooding does not take place. Unfortunately this philosophy is flawed as, in transferring the surface water downstream, it provides the potential for flooding of other areas subject to the capacity further down the system. In addition the pollution in the wash-off from the urban environment is conveyed into the natural environment.
To provide an alternative method of drainage which does not have these failings therefore requires a completely new approach. “Best Management Practices” (BMPs) is a commonly used term throughout the world that refers to this new approach to drainage. For some reason this term is not used in UK and Ireland, possibly because the term “drainage” is not included. In the UK and Ireland this practice is referred to as Sustainable Drainage Systems (SuDS).
SuDS can best be summarised as offering a “total” solution to rainwater management while traditional drainage can be considered as only providing a “collection and disposal” approach.
SuDs also applies in the rural environment. The Water Framework Directive sets out the framework for achieving good status in all our rivers in Ireland. In the Eastern River Basin District 80% of our rivers are below good status. Currently most of the rural pollution comes from underperforming small treatment plants, overloaded communal septic tanks, clusters of single unit septic tanks, farmyard runoff and runoff from slurries spread on land.
In Ireland over the past 10 years, the National Parks and Wildlife Service of DEHLG has been uniquely developing a more robust and sustainable approach to the use of constructed wetlands. Categorised as surface-flow type wetlands they are similar to natural free surface water wetlands. Their holistic approach termed ‘Integrated Constructed Wetland’ (ICW) has been successfully applied to deal with a range of effluent types - farmyard runoff, industrial waste and sewage as well as urban pollution.
The concept is based upon the free surface-flow of water through a series of sequential linked shallow ponds vegetated with a range of emergent plant species. An ICW has often a long retention time of up to 90-100 days and it can be designed in many instances to have zero surface discharge. It’s diversity of plant species facilitates microbial and animal diversity and is generally more appealing for recreation and amenity. Due to the slow movement of water through the ponds suspended matter is deposited, and there is adequate time for both aerobic and anaerobic digestion of organic matter. There is good reduction of nitrates and phosphates which are generally greater than 95%. Reduction of faecal indicators is of the order of 99% due to the long retention times and the complex ecology of the aquatic system. ICWs also remove endocrine disrupters such as oestrogen and testosterone which are poorly removed with conventional wastewater treatment systems. An ICW effectively creates the important nexus between quality, quantity and amenity in a way that no other traditional Sewerage Treatment Works can.
This website lists a number of articles and papers on SuDs and ICWs. Dublin City Council commissioned HR Wallingford to develop the www.irishsuds.com web site to provide all the necessary information on SuDS and drainage design criteria and to make information as easily accessible as possible. In addition guidance on the application of the design criteria and two on-line tools are provided on the website free of charge. Using this website provides assistance on designing surface water drainage systems. A comprehensive list of hyperlinked web sites are attached to this www.irishsuds.com web site.
The GDSDS Policy Documents are available here
Greater Dublin Regional Code of Practice available here
SuDS Papers and Articles
SuDS Article by Brian Hennelly
DCC Green Roof Draft Guidelines (Sept 2008)
Flooding Draft Guidelines – DEHLG & OPW (2008)
Living Design –Green Roofs (Lenni Antonelli Nov 2008)
Living Roofs and Walls : Technical Report: Supporting London Plan Policy
Living Roofs : Promoting green roofs, roof terraces and roof gardens across London
Green Roof Website
ICW Papers and Articles
Constructed Wetlands – Opportunities for Local Authorities (Don McEntee Nov 2006)
Tolka Valley Park ICW (Collins & McEntee- Feb 2009)
Biodiversity Survey of ICW, Tolka Valley Park (June 2008)
Glaslough ICW – Dan Doody et al – Feb 09
Kill Integrated Constructed Wetland (Aila Carty – Feb 2009)
List of Operational ICW systems (Aug 08)
Use of ICW with Farmyard Runoff and Rural WWTP (SEPA Conference Mar 2004)
ICW Concept (Scholz et al – Society of Wetland Scientists 2007)
ICW: Concept, design, site evaluation and performance (Harrington et al - 2007)
Constructed Farm Wetlands Design Manual
SEPA (The Scottish Environmental Protection Agency) recently published the Constructed Farm Wetlands Design Manual (prepared by Aila Carty). This can be accessed on the SEPA website:
http://www.sepa.org.uk
Gerard O'Connell - Project leader, Ph: 01 222 4302
E-mail: gerry.oconnell@dublincity.ie
Alan O'Regan - Admin.Support, Ph: 01 222 4804
E-mail: alan.oregan@dublincity.ie
Regional Projects & Emergency Management Section,
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Your Drinking Water
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1862: Nathaniel Gordon, slave trader
1 comment February 21st, 2014 Headsman
On this date in 1862, the American commercial shipper Nathaniel Gordon was hanged at the Tombs for slave trading.
Importing slaves to the U.S. had been nominally illegal for over half a century, but had never been strongly enforced. In 1820, slaving (regardless of destination) had even been defined as piracy, a capital crime.
Importation of kidnapped Africans into the United States did significantly abate during this period, and that was just fine with U.S. slaveowners ever paranoid of servile rebellion.
But a voracious demand for conscript labor persisted elsewhere whatever the legal situation. About 3 million slaves arrived to Brazil and Cuba, the principal slave shipment destinations, between 1790 and 1860 — even though the traffic was formally illicit for most of this time.
Great Britain was endeavoring to strangle the Atlantic slave trade, but the diplomatic weight she had to throw around Europe didn’t play in the U.S. Washington’s adamant refusal to permit the Royal Navy to board and search U.S.-flagged ships made the stars and stripes the banner of choice for human traffickers profitably plying the African coast. “As late as 1859 there were seven slavers regularly fitted out in New York, and many more in all the larger ports,” one history avers.
Hanging crime? No slave-runner had ever gone to the gallows as a “pirate” — not until Nathaniel Gordon.
The U.S. Navy did mount its own anti-slaving patrols, but the odd seizure of human cargo was more in the line of costs of doing business than a legal terror for merchants.
So Gordon, son of triangle trade port Portland, Maine and a veteran of several known slaving runs, didn’t necessarily think much of it on August 8, 1860, when the Mohican brought Gordon’s ship to bear 50 miles from the Congo with 897 naked Africans stuffed in the hold, bound for Havana. Half of his slaves were children.
“The stench from the hold was fearful, and the filth and dirt upon their persons indescribably offensive,” Harpers reported.
Gordon chilled in very loose confinement in the Tombs, even enjoying family leave furloughs as he readied for the customary slap on the wrist.
But with Abraham Lincoln’s election in 1860, Gordon was promoted to demonstration case.
After a hung jury in June 1861, the feds won a conviction and death sentence on those long-unused piracy laws in November 1861.
Many New Yorkers were shocked at the prospect of such draconian punishment.
Abraham Lincoln found himself besieged by appeals public and private against the unprecedented judgment. “For more than forty years the statute under which he has been convicted has been a dead letter, because the moral sense of the community revolted at the penalty of death imposed on an act when done between Africa and Cuba which the law sanctioned between Maryland and Carolina,” Gordon’s counsel Judge Gilbert Dean wrote in an open letter to the President* — an argument that could hardly be more poorly calibrated to impress in 1862.
Despite Lincoln’s famous proclivity for the humanitarian pardon, he stood absolutely firm on the precedent Gordon’s hanging would set — especially in the midst of a bloody civil war driven by the very legal sanction Dean had cited so approvingly. As Lincoln wrote on February 4, 1862,
I think I would personally prefer to let this man live in confinement and let him meditate on his deeds, yet in the name of justice and the majesty of law, there ought to be one case, at least one specific instance, of a professional slave-trader, a Northern white man, given the exact penalty of death because of the incalculable number of deaths he and his kind inflicted upon black men amid the horror of the sea-voyage from Africa.
Gordon’s hanging was the one case — the only one ever.
* New York Times, Feb. 21, 1862.
1595: Robert Southwell - 2019
1896: Ivan Kovalev, Russian meddler - 2018
1944: Missak Manouchian and 21 French Resistance members, l'Affiche Rouge - 2017
1719: Patrick Carraghar and Two Arthur Quinns - 2016
1815: Six militiamen, Andrew Jackson's electoral dirty laundry - 2015
1946: Cristino Garcia, Spanish Republican and French Resistance hero - 2013
1934: Augusto Cesar Sandino, national hero - 2012
1930: Eva Dugan, her head jerked clean off - 2011
1951: Charlie Gifford, politician-killer - 2010
1942: Mykhailo and Olena Teliha, Ukrainian artists - 2009
1803: Edward Marcus Despard, a patriot without a nation - 2008
1865: Four for Abraham Lincoln’s assassination
1953: Julius and Ethel Rosenberg, “the first victims of American fascism”
1865: John Yates Beall, well-connected Confederate
1865: Henry Wirz, for detainee abuse
1875: Six in Fort Smith under Hanging Judge Isaac Parker
Entry Filed under: 19th Century,Businessmen,Capital Punishment,Death Penalty,Execution,Hanged,History,Milestones,New York,Piracy,U.S. Federal,USA,Wartime Executions
Tags: 1860s, 1862, abraham lincoln, february 21, nathaniel gordon, new york city, slave trade, slavery, the tombs
1861: Christopher Haun, potter and incendiarist
1 comment December 11th, 2012 Headsman
Christopher Alexander (“Alex”) Haun was perhaps the finest potter in antebellum Tennessee. He never had the chance to become the finest in post-bellum Tennessee because he was hanged in Knoxville this date in 1861 as an incendiarist.
While Tennessee seceded with the Confederacy in the U.S. Civil War, East Tennessee was a Union stronghold. This was the native soil of pro-Union “War Democrat” (and future U.S. President) Andrew Johnson.
Soon after the war began, Unionist east Tennesseans started slipping over the border to northern-controlled Kentucky, where they hatched a plot to burn railroad bridges throughout East Tennessee.
Hand of Bridge
Besides being good fun, the conspiracy promised an effectual blow against the Confederacy inasmuch as the East Tennessee & Virginia and East Tennessee & Georgia lines constituted the South’s most reliable rail and telegraph link between its capital at Richmond, Va., and the Deep South. This plan’s author, Rev. William Carter, went to Washington and had his scheme personally approved by President Abraham Lincoln, Secretary of State William Seward, and Gen. George McClellan.
The rest of the plan called for the Union army to invade East Tennessee on the heels of the bridge-burnings and occupy the area. Just a few months before, McClellan’s troops had similarly occupied the pro-Union western mountains of secessionist Virginia, which is why there’s a state of West Virginia today.
But there’s no state of East Tennessee, is there?
The bridge-burning conspiracy would go down as one of the great, failed guerrilla operations of the war.
Burning Your Bridges
With authorization straight from the top, the conspirators got going. A Captain David Fry** was tasked with targeting the Lick Creek bridge, located in northeastern Tennessee† near the settlement of Pottertown, so named for the ceramics craftsmen attracted to the area’s excellent clay.
After dark fell on Nov. 8, 1861, the local Union sympathizers recruited to the plot — Christopher Haun among them — gathered at the house of a local landowner, Jacob Harmon, Jr. There they took a dramatic lantern-lit oath on the Union flag, each to “do what was ordered of him that night and to never disclose what he had done.”
Then a party of some 40 to 60 mounted raiders stole out for the Lick Creek bridge two miles distant.
Around 2 a.m., they overpowered the small Confederate sentry detail assigned to Lick Creek, and forced the sentries to watch as they fired the bridge. That same night, several other parties elsewhere along the line all the way down to Alabama also burned, or tried to burn railroad bridges and cut telegraph lines.
These “deep-laid schemes … by an organization of Lincolnite traitors” (as the Knoxville Register accounted matters) brought a predictably furious Confederate response — and the audacious saboteurs would discover only after the fact that the planned East Tennessee invasion had been aborted by William T. Sherman without alerting his pyrotechnic fifth-column allies.
Within three days of the “treason,” East Tennessee had been clapped under martial law. A number of bridge-burners were also arrested (although many others escaped), and here the Lick Creek men would pay dearly for their recklessly humane decision to release their captured sentries. (pdf) As a result, several of them were captured in the days following their attack.
Confederate Secretary of War Judah P. Benjamin had a ruthless order for East Tennessee’s military authorities.
I now proceed to give you the desired instruction in relation to the prisoners of war taken by you among the traitors of East Tennessee.
First. All such as can be identified in having been engaged in bridge-burning are to be tried summarily by drum-head court-martial, and, if found guilty, executed on the spot by hanging. It would be well to leave their bodies hanging in the vicinity of the burned bridges. [emphasis added]
Second. All such as have not been so engaged are to be treated as prisoners of war, and sent with an armed guard to Tuscaloosa, Alabama, there to be kept imprisoned at the depot selected by the Government for prisoners of war.
Two men, William Hinshaw (often called “Hensie” in the period’s reports) and Henry Fry, were condemned by such a tribunal on Nov. 30 and immediately hanged — their bodies left exposed at the Greeneville Station for a day or more, until the stench became overpowering.
Haun was condemned on Dec. 10.‡ Confederate Brigadier General William H. Carroll telegraphed Benjamin for Jefferson Davis‘s confirmation of sentence.
The court-martial has sentenced A.C. Haun [sic], bridgeburner, to be hung. Sentence approved. Ordered To be executed at 12 o’clock tomorrow. Requires the approval of the President. Please telegraph.
Benjamin replied within hours, telling Carroll to make with the noosing.
Execute the sentence of your court-martial on the bridge-burners. The law does not require any approval by the President, but he entirely approves my order to hang every bridge-burner you can catch and convict.
Haun takes leave of his pregnant wife and four children before execution. Illustration from this 1862 propaganda volume by the Unionist publisher of the Knoxville Whig.
Six days after Haun hanged at Knoxville, the landowner who hosted the conspirators, Jacob Harmon, also went to the gallows, along with his son Henry. It seems someone in the incendiary party had carelessly dropped the name “Harmon” in conversation while the bridge sentries were in custody within earshot.
(Several others only narrowly avoided execution, or lynching, for the conspiracy. Given hundreds of other arrests of even merely suspect East Tennesseans and the very nasty feelings engendered by the Unionists’ attempt, it’s something of a wonder that only five were executed.)
Today, the Harmons are buried at Pottertown Harmon Historic Cemetery in rural Green County, Tenn., where a hexagonal monument commemorates all five executees (with an extra panel for summary text). There’s an annual ceremony there to commemorate the East Tennessee bridge burners.
Or, pay your respects any time by using the cemetery as the trailhead for the Civil War Bridge Burners’ Bike Ride (pdf). You’ll find the spot just off Bridge Burners Blvd.
All the hanged incendiarists were posthumously enrolled in Company F of the 2nd Tennessee by Congress in 1862, a gesture of appreciation which also conferred on their heirs the right to survivors’ benefits.
In addition to the resources linked here, see Donahue Bible’s “Shattered like earthen vessels,” Civil War Times, Dec. 1997.
* Later to become the East Tennessee, Virginia & Georgia Railway, and then the Southern Railway, and then a big band hit.
**The intrepid Captain Fry would escape immediate capture, gather a few hundred Unionists as a guerrilla band, and eventually get caught, sent to Georgia, and condemned to death as a spy. Fry escaped by breaking out on the eve of his Oct. 15 hanging, in the company of some of the men arrested for the Great Locomotive Chase. He rejoined Union forces, was captured again, and survived the war, finally dying in 1872 … when he was hit by a train.
† The other bridges successfully torched by the conspiracy included two over the Chickamauga in southeastern Tennessee, and the theme of Civil War bridge-burning in that sector can’t help but suggest Ambrose Bierce’s “Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge”. (The other details are nothing alike, so Bierce’s story clearly isn’t about this incident.)
‡ The railroad bridge at Lick Creek was back in action by this time.
1903: A day in the death penalty around the U.S. (and Canada) - 2018
1747: Serjeant Smith, deserter - 2017
1981: El Mozote Massacre - 2016
1812: John Rickey but not Benjamin Jackson - 2015
1895: Harry Hayward, the Minneapolis Svengali - 2014
1876: Basilio Bondietto - 2013
1970: Akira Nishiguchi, Vengeance Is Mine inspiration - 2011
2006: Two Egyptians who just wanted to watch the game - 2010
1831: Gen. Jose Maria Torrijos y Uriarte and his liberal followers - 2009
1917: Thirteen black soldiers of the 24th U.S. Infantry Regiment - 2008
1962: Arthur Lucas and Ronald Turpin - 2007
1865: Marcellus Jerome Clarke, “Sue Mundy”
1859: John Brown’s body starts a-moulderin’ in the grave
1864: Six of Mosby’s Rangers
1858: Qualchan
1864: Ranger A.C. Willis, parabolically
Entry Filed under: 19th Century,Arson,Capital Punishment,Confederates,Death Penalty,Execution,Guerrillas,Hanged,History,Public Executions,Tennessee,Terrorists,Treason,USA,Wartime Executions
Tags: 1860s, 1861, abraham lincoln, alex haun, andrew johnson, christopher haun, december 11, jefferson davis, judah benjamin, knoxville, pottery, sabotage, saboteurs, william carroll, william sherman
1864: Martin Robinson, treacherous guide
1 comment March 1st, 2012 Headsman
On this date in 1864, a Union officer frustrated of a design to raid Richmond during the U.S. Civil War hanged a local African-American guide whom he thought had intentionally misled him like Susanin.
The account of an army chaplain attached to the 5th New York Cavalry explains:
The guide, a negro, had misled us during the night, and, to obviate the delay of retracing our steps. Col. Dahlgren, on the representations of the negro that an excellent ford was to be found at Dover Mills, concluded to cross at that point. After two hours’ halt we again moved on, and soon reached Dover Mills, but only to meet disappointment.
Dover Milles, Civil War era illustration
The negro had deceived us, no ford existed at this point nor any means of crossing the river. He then stated that the ford was three miles below: this was obviously false, as the river was evidently navigable to and above this place, as we saw a sloop going down the river.
… he came into our lines from Richmond … [and] was born and had always belonged in the immediate vicinity of Dover Mills, was very shrewd and intelligent, and it would seem impossible that he should not know that no ford existed in the neighborhood, where he had seen vessels daily passing. Col. Dahlgren had warned him that if detected acting in bad faith, or lying, we would surely hang him, and after we left Dover Mills, and had gone down the river so far as to render further prevarication unavailing, the colonel charged him with betraying us, destroying the whole design of the expedition, and hazarding the lives of every one engaged in it, — and told him that he should be hung in conformity with the terms of his service. The negro became greatly alarmed, stated confusedly that he was mistaken, thought we intended to cross the river in boats, and finally said that he had done wrong, was sorry, etc. The colonel ordered him to be hung, — a halter strap was used for the purpose, and we left the miserable wretch dangling by the roadside.
Our correspondent terms this the case of the “Faithless Negro”, but posterity has the luxury of a less paranoiac reading than indulged by a troupe of hotheaded commandos deep in enemy territory all a-panic as their expedition implodes. The James River was just plain swollen with winter rains. Bad luck all around.
A Goochland County marker marks the spot of the botched crossing and subsequent execution.
But we’re really just getting started. Stay tuned for some serious blowback from this bootless military debacle.
The full story of the raid is a tangled and contested affair, but it’s well worth perusing in detail. To sum up:
This expedition’s leader, Col. Ulric Dahlgren, abandoned the effort and in the attempt to fall back, rode into a Confederate ambush the next day. He died in the fusillade, while his men were captured.
The body of this late Col. Dahlgren, on whose authority our misfortunate guide was put to death, was found by the Confederates to bear some startling papers* … indicating that the intent of his ill-starred expedition was not merely to liberate starving northern prisoners, but that “once in the City it must be destroyed & Jeff. Davis and Cabinet killed.”
Within days, the story was abroad and Richmond newspapers floridly outraged at this proposed breach of chivalrous warfare.
Though Confederate General Robert E. Lee was able to quash public demands for the Dahlgren party’s summary execution, the documents may indeed have marked a turning point in the war’s conduct, a public announcement of total warfare sufficient for the South to “inaugurate a system of bloody retaliations.”** If so, it was a well-timed license: the Confederacy was in the process of being steamrolled and would soon require recourse to more desperate strategems.
After Dahlgren, argues Come Retribution: The Confederate Secret Service and the Assassination of Lincoln, “there was an increase in Confederate clandestine activity designed to encourage the antiwar faction in the North to organize and revolt” — even including a mirror-image Confederate cavalry raid on Washington D.C. with an eye towards capturing Lincoln.
There are, in fact, some historians who postulate that it was “bloody retaliation” for Dahlgren’s attempt on the Confederate president that ultimately led southern agents to initiate the late-war plots against Abraham Lincoln’s person — resulting ultimately in Lincoln’s assassination:
Ulric Dahlgren, and [his] probable patron [U.S. Secretary of War] Edwin Stanton set out to engineer the death of the Confederacy’s president; the legacy spawned out of the utter failure of their effort may have included the death of their own president.
That is some blowback.
Books exploring the alleged link between the Dahlgren Papers and the Lincoln assassination
* It must be said that the Dahlgren papers have been continually contested as frauds from the moment they were known, though many historians do indeed consider them legitimate. We are in no position to contribute to that debate, and for the purposes of this post’s narration the question is immaterial: the papers, forged or not, certainly existed, were widely publicized, and genuinely angered many southerners.
** These words are the demand of the March 8, 1864 Richmond Dispatch.
1771: Edmund James and Joseph Jordan, runaway slave aides - 2019
1888: Oscar Beckwith, the Austerlitz Murderer - 2018
1852: Samuel Treadway - 2017
1562: The Massacre of Vassy - 2016
1996: Antonio James, final judgment - 2015
1837: The slave Julius, property of John and Rebecca Matthews - 2014
2013: Naw Kham, Mekong drug lord - 2013
1951: The Mokotow Prison executions of Cursed Soldiers - 2011
1289: Ugolino della Gherardesca, ravenous - 2010
2004: Ibtisam Hussein, child-murderer - 2009
1877: Jack McCall, Wild Bill's murderer - 2008
1864: William Johnson, a bad example
1847: The San Patricios
1862: Nueces Massacre
1863: Peyton Farquhar, in An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge
1873: Kintpuash, aka Captain Jack
Entry Filed under: 19th Century,Capital Punishment,Death Penalty,Disfavored Minorities,Execution,Hanged,History,Military Crimes,No Formal Charge,Occupation and Colonialism,Racial and Ethnic Minorities,Slaves,Summary Executions,U.S. Military,USA,Virginia,Wartime Executions
Tags: 1860s, 1864, abraham lincoln, civil war, dahlgren papers, dover mills, edwin stanton, james river, jefferson davis, march 1, martin robinson, richmond, terrorism, u.s. civil war, ulric dahlgren
1861: Not William Scott, the Sleeping Sentinel
3 comments September 9th, 2011 Headsman
On this date in 1861, Vermont private William Scott of the new-formed Army of the Potomac, then fortifying Washington D.C. for the unfolding Civil War in the aftermath of Bull Run, was led out for execution for having fallen asleep at his post.
The so-called Sleeping Sentinel took a sick comrade’s watch even though he himself was bushed, and … well, you know the rest.
Condemned for a dereliction of duty which “may endanger the safety of a command, or even of the whole army” (the words of the army’s commander Gen. McClellan), Scott still attracted widespread sympathy due to the obviously sympathetic nature of his situation. He was a youth new to war, with an exemplary military record outside of his forty winks.
“The American people,” reckoned the New York Times, “are quite unprepared to hear of a measure of such fearful and unwarned rigor as that which was awarded private SCOTT.”
Appeals went straight to the White House, which was conveniently located in the Army of the Potomac’s back yard, and freshman president Abraham Lincoln magnanimously spared the lad.
Still, wanting to use the case to impress military discipline upon the rabble of corn-fed conscripts, that clemency was delivered with a terrifyingly dramatic flourish. Scott was left to contemplate his last hours on the earth, and, Dostoyevsky-like, marched out to the stake ostensibly to face the firing squad. Only then did he and his fellow-soldiers hear the commutation order.*
This exhilarating climax did not long stay the hand of the Reaper, as it transpired.
Scott died in battle the following spring. In death he lives on, as befits the habitues of these pages: fellow Vermonter Lucius E. Chittenden, who was serving in the U.S. Treasury when all this sleeping sentinel stuff went down, commemorated William Scott for posterity in a subsequent entry to the merciful-Lincoln mythology, a postwar volume titled Lincoln and the Sleeping Sentinel.
The story was also made into a 1914 silent film, which sadly doesn’t seem to be available online: but never fear, this syrupy poem will amply represent our Sentinel’s contribution to the canon.
But God is love – and finite minds can faintly comprehend
How gentle Mercy, in His rule, may with stern Justice blend;
And this poor soldier, seized and bound, found none to justify,
While war’s inexorable law decreed that he must die.
‘Twas night. In a secluded room, with measured tread and slow,
A statesman of commanding mien paced gravely to and fro.
Oppressed, he pondered on a land by civil discord rent;
On brothers armed in deadly strife: it was the President!
The woes of thirty millions filled his burdened heart with grief;
Embattled hosts, on land and sea, acknowledged him their chief;
And yet, amid the din of war, he heard the plaintive cry
Of that poor soldier, as he lay in prison, doomed to die!
‘Twas morning. On a tented field, and through the heated haze,
Flashed back, from lines of burnished arms, the sun’s effulgent blaze;
While, from a somber prison house, seen slowly to emerge,
A sad procession, o’er the sward, moved to a muffled dirge.
And in the midst, with faltering step, and pale and anxious face,
In manacles, between two guards, a soldier had his place.
A youth, led out to die; and yet it was not death, but shame,
That smote his gallant heart with dread, and shook his manly frame!
Still on, before the marshalled ranks, the train pursued its way,
Up to the designated spot, whereon a coffin lay-
His coffin! And, with reeling brain, despairing, desolate-
He took his station by its side, abandoned to his fate!
Then came across his wavering sight strange pictures in the air:
He saw his distant mountain home; he saw his parents there;
He saw them bowed with hopeless grief, through fast declining years;
He saw a nameless grave; and then, the vision closed-in tears!
Yet once again. In double file, advancing, then, he saw
Twelve comrades, sternly set apart to execute the law-
But saw no more; his senses swam-deep darkness settled round-
And, shuddering, he awaited now the fatal volley’s sound!
Then suddenly was heard the sounds of steeds and wheels approach,
And, rolling through a cloud of dust, appeared a stately coach.
On, past the guards, and through the field, its rapid course was bent,
Till, halting, ‘mid the lines was seen the nation’s President!**
He came to save that stricken soul, now waking from despair;
And from a thousand voices rose a shout which rent the air!
The pardoned soldier understood the tones of jubilee,
And, bounding from his fetters, blessed the hand that made him free!
A few letters from Scott’s own hand are preserved here. A (defunct) mini-blog exploring the case in detail can be perused here.
* There was actually American precedent for this sort of stagey non-execution in a case from the War of 1812.
** Obviously, Lincoln did not actually bring his presidential person to the execution grounds to issue this pardon in the flesh: in fact, the presiding officer on-site simply read out the pardon: “the President of the United States has expressed a wish that as this is the first condemnation to death in this army for this crime, mercy may be extended to the criminal.”
Part of the Themed Set: Americana.
1943: Jarmila Zivcova, correspondent - 2018
1659: Dara Shikoh, deposed Mughal heir - 2017
1853: Reese Evans, youthful murderer - 2016
1902: John C. Best - 2015
1817: James Lane - 2014
1681: Leticia Wigington, apprentice-flogger - 2013
1536: Skipper Clement, rebel - 2012
1437: Jan Rohác z Dubé, Hussite marshal - 2010
1986: Andrew Sibusiso Zondo and two other ANC cadres - 2009
1990: Samuel K. Doe - 2008
1865: Not George S.E. Vaughn
1814: Four of five deserters, in Buffalo
1945: Private Eddie Slovik, the last American shot for desertion
1720: A deserter, by fellow-deserters
Entry Filed under: 19th Century,Capital Punishment,Death Penalty,Execution,History,Last Minute Reprieve,Milestones,Military Crimes,Not Executed,Pardons and Clemencies,Public Executions,Shot,Soldiers,U.S. Military,USA,Virginia,Wartime Executions,Washington DC
Tags: 1860s, 1861, abraham lincoln, army of the potomac, civil war, september 9, sleeping sentinel, u.s. civil war, william scott
1845: Not William Weaver, defended by Abraham Lincoln
Add comment June 27th, 2011 Headsman
This date in 1845 was the appointed hanging of William Weaver, the first convicted murderer in Champaign County, Illinois.
While drunk, Weaver shot to death one David Hiltibrau and despite the able representation of one Abraham Lincoln was speedily convicted. (pdf)
Where the rail splitter failed, fortune prevailed.
“A few days — or nights rather — before that set for his execution,” we read,
a friendly auger passed to him afforded the means of escape. Just then delays were dangerous to poor drunken Bill Weaver, for Sheriff Lewis had the rope and scaffold ready, so he did not await a farewell word from friends, but sped away to the North, as the winds go. At that time the tangled forests and the untramped prairies afforded unexcelled means for seclusion and escape, and the condemned man, once a mile from town, might well bid farewell to every fear of being caught and hanged, as he doubtless did. Years afterward Weaver was heard from in far Northern Wisconsin, a useful, law-abiding citizen. No effort was ever made to bring him back from his delicious exile.
1497: Nicholas II of Niemodlin - 2019
1766: Don Francis de Sallesar y Corvetto - 2018
1733: Champion and Valentine, slaves - 2017
1844: Joseph Smith, founder of Mormonism, lynched - 2016
1948: Tessie Hutchinson, Lottery winner - 2015
1622: Samuel Korecki, defeated magnate - 2014
1794: Simon-Nicholas Henri Linguet, who defended Nero - 2013
1740: Artemy Volynsky - 2012
1497: Michael An Gof and Thomas Flamank, leaders of the Cornish Rebellion - 2010
1777: William Dodd, mind wonderfully concentrated - 2009
1950: Milada Horáková, democrat and feminist - 2008
1881: Not Billy the Kid
1638: Three (of four) English colonists for murdering a Native American
1896: Fred Behme, evangelical Methodist
1936: Rainey Bethea, America’s last public hanging
1850: Prof. John Webster, for the timeless conflict between donors and academics
1790: Thomas Bird, the first federal execution under the U.S. constitution
Entry Filed under: 19th Century,Capital Punishment,Common Criminals,Crime,Death Penalty,Escapes,Execution,Hanged,History,Illinois,Milestones,Murder,Not Executed,Notable Participants,Public Executions,USA
Tags: 1840s, 1845, abraham lincoln, june 27, william weaver
1 comment November 10th, 2010 Headsman
On this date in 1865, Henry Wirz was hanged in Washington, D.C. for running a notorious Confederate prison camp.
A Swiss-born doctor (“Henrich” was the real handle) whom time and tide found practicing in Louisiana at the onset of the Civil War, Wirz apparently got into the prison-guarding ranks when a war injury left him unfit for the front lines.
But it was front-line fitness in the northern army that would set the scene for his controversial hanging.
The North’s advantage in men and materiel shaped Union strategy as the war progressed, and it eventually caused the Union to halt prisoner exchanges. Exchanging casualty for casualty was a winning strategy on the battlefield, so why return to your enemy a man for a man? Besides,
[Grant] said that I would agree with him that by the exchange of prisoners we get no men fit to go into our army, and every soldier we gave the Confederates went immediately into theirs, so that the exchange was virtually so much aid to them and none to us.
–Benjamin Butler (we’ve met him before)
As designed, then, the South began piling up more and more POWs to maintain with its ever-straitened resources late in the war. And if exchange was out, that really only left one form of “release”.
Andersonville Prison survivor John L. Ransom’s view of the prison, from the Library of Congress.
Andersonville — officially, Camp Sumter, located near the tiny Georgia town of Andersonville — was only established in 1864, but acquired considerable notoriety in northern propaganda for the year and change that Wirz ran it. The prisoners didn’t enjoy it much, either.
Wuld that I was an artist & had the material to paint this camp & all its horors or the tounge of some eloquent Statesman and had the privleage of expresing my mind to our hon. rulers at Washington, I should gloery to describe this hell on earth where it takes 7 of its ocupiants to make a shadow.
–Union prisoner diary, July 1864. Note the prisoner’s anger at Washington — whose refusal to exchange naturally infuriated its stranded POWs
Out of some 45,000 prisoners held at Andersonville during its existence (not all at one time), nearly 13,000 succumbed to disease and malnutrition.* After the war, photos of wasted survivors inflamed (northern) public opinion, already tetchy over Abraham Lincoln’s assassination. Walt Whitman wrote of Andersonville,
There are deeds, crimes that may be forgiven but this is not among them. It steeps its perpetrators in blackest, escapeless, endless damnation.
Damnation is up to higher powers, of course, but the North wanted somebody to answer for Andersonville on this mortal coil. Lincoln’s successor Andrew Johnson overruled mooted charges against Confederate President Jefferson Davis and his Secretary of War James Seddon, leaving — in that great American tradition — Heinrich Wirz holding the bag.**
Shatner sighting!
The trial had an undeniable aspect of victor’s justice.† Even at the gallows, the Union guards chanted, “Wirz, remember Andersonville!” as the condemned man was readied for the noose, and then dropped. The hanging failed to break the man’s neck, and he strangled as the chant continued.
Southern efforts to reshape the story of Andersonville began in the lifetimes of Wirz’s contemporaries; this fulsome volume supporting the charges answered Jefferson Davis in terms that sound strikingly contemporary:
So long as Southern leaders continue to distort history (and rekindle embers in order to make the opportunity for distorting it), so long will there rise up defenders of the truth of history … To deny the horrors of Andersonville is to deny there was a rebellion. Both are historic facts placed beyond the realm of doubt.
But of course, it does not require denying the horrors of Andersonville to notice the circumstances — the privation of the entire South late in the war — and to wonder that Wirz and Wirz alone was held to account. Plenty of people think he got a bum rap.
Daughters of the Confederacy monument to Wirz. (cc) image from divemasterking2000.
Pro-Wirz marker in Andersonville, Ga. (Click for easier-on-the-eyes version, reading in part, “Had he been an angel from heaven, he could not have changed the pitiful tale of privation and hunger unless he had possessed the power to repeat the miracle of the loaves and fishes”). (cc) image from Mark D L.
Recommended for general reading: the UMKC Famous Trials page on this case, several of whose pages have been linked in this entry. A number of nineteenth-century texts by (or citing) Andersonville survivors are available from Google books, including:
Andersonville: A Story of Rebel Military Prisons, Fifteen Months a Guest of the So-Called Southern Confederacy
Andersonville: The Story of Man’s Inhumanity to Man
A Glimpse of Andersonville
Martyria, or, Andersonville prison
Andersonville Diary, Escape, and List of the Dead
The True Story of Andersonville Prison: A Defense of Major Henry Wirz
Since this is a controversy of the Civil War — and one that can be engaged without having to get into that whole slavery thing — there have been thousands of published pages written about it, with many more sure to come in future years.
A few books about Henry Wirz and Andersonville
As an interesting aside, Civil War POW camps including Andersonville (but not only Andersonville) gave us the term “deadline,” which had a more startlingly literal definition in the 1860s — a perimeter beyond which prisoners would be shot on sight, which policy could make a handy stand-in for walls. Gratuitously killing an insane prisoner who crossed Camp Sumter’s “dead line” was one of the atrocities laid to Wirz, who we take it would not have been at home to the word’s decreasingly urgent appropriation in the wider culture.
* Wirz’s defense showed, to no avail, that the prisoners and the guards received the same rations, with similarly deleterious effects among both, and that the commandant was on record pleading with his superiors for more.
** Wirz’s attorney claimed that his man was offered (and refused to take) a last-minute pardon on November 9 in exchange for implicating Jefferson Davis.
† Wirz and borderlands guerrilla Champ Ferguson were the only Confederates executed for their “war crimes”. There was at least one other prison guard who faced similar charges of prisoner maltreatment, John Henry Gee; Gee was acquitted and released in 1866. (For more on the latter, see “A Little-known Case from the American Civil War: The War Crimes Trial of Major General John H. Gee” by Guénaël Mettraux in the Journal of International Criminal Justice, 2010.)
1945: The Rüsselsheim Massacre perpetrators - 2018
1735: Elizabeth Armstrong, oyster knifer - 2017
1882: Samuel and Milton Hodge - 2016
1944: Thirteen from the Ehrenfeld Group and the Edelweiss Pirates - 2015
1939: Nelson Charles - 2014
1571: Anneken Hendriks, cursed Mennonist - 2013
2009: John Muhammad, D.C. sniper - 2012
1834: The bushrangers John Jenkins and Thomas Tattersdale - 2011
1780: Corregidor Antonio de Arriaga, by his slave - 2009
1954: Hossein Fatemi, before the blowback - 2008
1995: Ken Saro-Wiwa and the Ogoni Nine - 2007
1882: Charles Guiteau, James Garfield’s colorful assassin
1890: William Kemmler, only in America
1887: Parsons, Spies, Fischer and Engel, the Haymarket Martyrs
Entry Filed under: 19th Century,Arts and Literature,Botched Executions,Capital Punishment,Confederates,Death Penalty,Doctors,Execution,Hanged,History,Language,Milestones,Murder,Notable Jurisprudence,Separatists,Soldiers,U.S. Federal,USA,War Crimes,Washington DC,Wrongful Executions
Tags: 1860s, 1865, abraham lincoln, american civil war, andersonville, andrew johnson, camp sumter, champ ferguson, civil war, deadline, henry wirz, james seddon, jefferson davis, john henry gee, november 10, ulysses s. grant, walt whitman, william shatner
8 comments February 24th, 2010 Headsman
On this date in 1865, Confederate John Yates Beall was hanged at Governors Island, New York, as a spy and saboteur.
This Virginian was knocked out of regular service through injuries early in the Civil War, but proceeded to a privateering career harassing Union shipping.
The pinpricks inflicted by Beall’s couple of ships was hardly calamitous for the North, but what he lacked in resources he made up in persistence.
Captured and exchanged midway through the war, he returned to his swashbuckling ways. But sneaking into New York from Canada in a bid to free rebel prisoners, Beall was caught again trying to derail trains — and secretly condemned by a military tribunal.
When the news of his impending execution got out, six Senators and 85 other members of Congress* appealed for leniency.
Despite Lincoln’s reputation for clemency, he did not grant it in this case.
“For days before the execution,” it was said, “the President closed the doors of the executive palace against all suppliants, male or female, and his ears against all appeals, whether with the tongue of men or angels in behalf of the unfortunate prisoner. From the first Mr. Lincoln had responded to all applications for his interposition — ‘Gen. Dix may dispose of the case as he pleases — I will not interfere.’ Gen. Dix on his part replied, ‘All now rests with the President — as far as my action rests there is not a gleam of hope.’ Thus they stood as the pillars of the gallows, on which Beall’s fate was suspended and between them he died.” (Source)
Here’s the capture-trial-and-execution portions of a homemade documentary on Beall (also check the preceding parts 1, 2, and 3)
There’s a strange tradition that the hanged man was a personal friend of John Wilkes Booth, and that the actor’s assassination of Honest Abe seven weeks after Beall’s hanging was partly motivated by personal revenge.
* One of Beall’s clemency supporters was future assassinated U.S. President James Garfield.
1525: Jacques de La Palice, "lapalissade" - 2019
1799: Andrea Serrao, Bishop of Potenza - 2018
1902: Joe Higginbotham, criminal assailant - 2017
1823: William North, prostrated homosexual - 2016
1937: Desta Damtew, Haile Selassie's son - 2015
1860: Khan Bahadur Khan Rohilla, Bareilly rebel - 2014
Purim - 2013
1942: Five Jews in Sokal - 2012
1716: Lords Kenmure and Derwentwater but not Lord Nithsdale - 2011
Daily Double: The Fifteen - 2011
1613: Ivan Susanin, a life for the tsar - 2009
1953: Emil August Fieldorf, Polish anti-Communist - 2008
1776: Nathan Hale, with regrets
1780: Major John Andre, Benedict Arnold’s handler
1777: A British spy, by Israel Putnam
1858: Chief Leschi
Entry Filed under: 19th Century,Capital Punishment,Confederates,Death Penalty,Espionage,Execution,Guerrillas,Hanged,History,New York,Pirates,Power,Soldiers,Spies,USA,War Crimes,Wartime Executions
Tags: 1860s, 1865, abraham lincoln, american civil war, civil war, february 24, governors island, james garfield, john wilkes booth, john yates beall, politics, u.s. civil war
8 comments September 13th, 2009 Headsman
At 9:30 a.m. this day, as the American army raised the Stars & Stripes over Chapultepec Castle during the Mexican-American War, it simultaneously carried out a mass hanging of 30 Irish deserters who had gone over to Santa Anna — the Saint Patrick’s Battalion, or the San Patricios.
Irish had been migrating to the United States en masse even well before the Great Famine got rolling in 1845.
And for those of that great migration wave who wound up in the service fighting the Mexican-American War, there was a hint of deja vu — an Anglo and Protestant imperial power seizing land from a “black”* and Catholic neighbor?
Some of the Irish decided they were fighting for the bad guys, and switched sides.**
These were the plurality (though not necessarily the majority) of the couple hundred soldiers who comprised the Saint Patrick’s Battalion. German immigrants and other nationalities, along with American-born deserters (desertion during the Mexican-American War seems to have been rife), made up the balance.
Knowing full well the fate that would await them upon capture, the San Patricios were renowned for their ferocity in battle; at the hopeless Battle of Churubusco, they reputedly forced down a white flag that Mexican comrades were trying to hoist on three separate occasions.
Eventually, the ammunition ran out, and with it, the San Patricios’ luck.
Within days, courts-martial began handing out death sentences to almost the whole of the surviving unit. U.S. General Winfield Scott subsequently reduced a number of sentences, and those who had deserted before the war couldn’t legally be executed … but even the “lucky” ones suffered faint-inducing scourgings and branding on the cheeks with the letter “D”.
And 50 men more were still bound for the gallows.
Twenty hung in the days prior to this at two separate sites, but the Yanks’ piece de resistance was an orchestrated scene on the second day of the Battle of Chapultepec.
On September 13, 1847, at dawn, Harney ordered the thirty remaining prisoners to be brought forward. They stood on wagons with nooses placed around their necks. This included one man who had lost both legs and was unable to walk to his own execution. The site of these executions was within viewing distance of the site where the final battle — the outcome of which could not have been in doubt — was to be fought. There the sentenced soldiers watched until finally, at 9:30, the US victors raised the American flag atop Chapultepec Castle.† At that point the order was given, the wagons were pulled away and the men were all hanged.
It must be remembered that the San Patricios had been standing, bound hand and foot, each with his head in a noose, for nearly four hours in the burning Mexican sun. When Harney finally gave the order for the hangings to proceed, such was the relief that their sufferings were finally at an end that “some of the men actually cheered as the nooses tightened and the wagons pulled away.”
The cruelty of the punishments led a Mexican paper to spit,
these are the men that call us barbarians and tell us that they have come to civilize us … May they be damned by all Christians, as they are by God.
The San Patricios are still honored as heroes in Mexico.
They brand with hot irons the faces of the Irish deserters and then hang them from the gallows. The Saint Patrick Irish Battalion arrived with the invaders, but fought alongside the invaded.
From the north to Molino del Rey, the Irish made theirs the fate, ill fate, of the Mexicans. Many died defending the Churubusco monastery without ammunition. The prisoners, their faces burned, rock to and fro on the gallows. -Eduardo Galeano, Masks and Faces
* The “blackness” of the Irish and the process of their “becoming white” later in the 19th and 20th centuries is one of the more illustrative and well-documented case studies of race and racism as social rather than biological constructs.
** They weren’t alone in this opinion. Many hundreds of miles from the fighting, Henry David Thoreau famously landed in jail for tax resistance in 1846 largely because of his disgust with the war. From Civil Disobedience:
The government itself, which is only the mode which the people have chosen to execute their will, is equally liable to be abused and perverted before the people can act through it. Witness the present Mexican war, the work of comparatively a few individuals using the standing government as their tool; for in the outset, the people would not have consented to this measure.
Abraham Lincoln, then a young Whig delegate to the U.S. House of Representatives, excoriated President James K. Polk for lying the nation into war.
† The capture of Chapultepec Castle, forgotten north of the Rio Grande, is still commemorated in Mexico for the heroism of six teenage cadets who died in its defense. The last of their number, Juan Escutia, leapt from the castle walls wrapped in the Mexican standard to prevent its capture.
1996: Roberto Giron and Pedro Castillo, televised shootings - 2018
1569: Gaspard de Coligny, in effigy - 2017
1862: William Robert Taylor, angry tenant - 2016
1567: Four Anabaptists in Antwerp, after torture - 2015
1418: Beatrice di Tenda - 2014
1896: Chief Uwini of the Maholi - 2013
1944: Noor Inayat Khan, SOE operative - 2012
1916: Mary the Elephant - 2011
1962: Mack Merrill Rivenburgh cheats the executioner - 2010
1946: Amon Göth, Schindler's List villain - 2008
1864: Klatsassin and four fellow Tsilhqot’ins
1781: Tupac Amaru II, Incan insurgent
1864: Romuald Traugutt and the January Uprising leaders
Entry Filed under: 19th Century,Capital Punishment,Cycle of Violence,Death Penalty,Desertion,Disfavored Minorities,Execution,Famous,Hanged,History,Martyrs,Mass Executions,Mexico,Military Crimes,Occupation and Colonialism,Public Executions,Racial and Ethnic Minorities,Soldiers,U.S. Military,USA,Wartime Executions
Tags: 1840s, 1847, abraham lincoln, battle of chapultepec, battle of churubusco, chapultepec castle, henry david thoreau, imperialism, james k. polk, juan escutia, mexican-american war, mexico city, racism, saint patrick's battalion, san patricios, september 12, william harney, winfield scott
11 comments April 14th, 2009 Headsman
On this date in 1865, Abraham Lincoln had a date for Ford’s Theater — and with John Wilkes Booth’s single-shot Derringer pistol.
Abraham Lincoln was famous for his clemencies.
But Honest Abe had one last order of business to attend to before his carriage called him away to destiny: the pardon of a convicted Confederate spy due to be shot in St. Louis two days hence. Lincoln’s handwritten clemency for George Vaughn was the last official act of his presidency.
Lincoln in Story (“The Life of the Martyr-President told in Authenticated Anecdotes,” a light 1901 volume for popular consumption) relates:
Before the war Vaughn, with his wife and children, lived in Canton, Mo. He was a friend of Martin E. Green, a brother of United States Senator James S. Green, both strong pro-slavery men. At the opening of the war Martin E. Green recruited a regiment and received a colonel’s commission from the Confederate Government. George Vaughn enlisted under Green’s command and fought through the war.
After a period of fighting, Green and Vaughn crossed into Mississippi from Tennessee, camping at Tupelo, Miss. Not having heard from his family, Green was anxious to hear from his old home, so he delegated Vaughn to go on the mission of delivering letters to his wife.
Vaughn had almost completed his trip, having reached La Grange, six miles south of Canton, when he was captured by a squad of Federal troops.
They searched his person, and, finding letters and papers concealed about him, he was tried as a spy and sentenced to be shot. John B. Henderson, Senator from Missouri, finally succeeded in getting an order from the President for a retrial, but the verdict remained as hitherto. Again Henderson appealed to Lincoln, who granted a third trial, with the same result.
Henderson was not disconcerted, and again went to Lincoln. It was on the afternoon of April 14, 1865 — a melancholy date — that the Senator called at the White House. He called the attention of Lincoln to the fact that the war was practically closed, and said: “Mr. Lincoln, this pardon should be granted in the interest of peace and conciliation.”
This story gravitates naturally to the clemency of “the Great Heart” (as, for instance, D.W. Griffith called Lincoln). Far be it from us to say otherwise, but this is also self-evidently a story of the unusual prerogatives of the well-connected: not just any accused spy could get two trial do-overs and then a pardon free and clear ordered straight from the White House.
Mr. Lincoln replied: “Senator, I agree with you. Go to Stanton and tell him this man must be released.”
Henderson went to the office of the Secretary of War. Stanton* became violently angry, and swore that he would permit no such procedure.
Vaughn had but two days to live, and Henderson hastened to make one more stand. After supper he went to the White House. The President was in his office, dressed to go to Ford’s Theatre, when the Senator entered and told of the meeting he had had with Stanton.
Lincoln turned to his desk and wrote a few lines on an official sheet of paper. As he handed it to Senator Henderson he remarked: “I think that will have precedence over Stanton.”
It was an order for an unconditional release and pardon — the last official paper ever signed by Abraham Lincoln.
Lincoln was dead within hours. Vaughn passed away in 1899 in Maryville, Mo.
* Stanton is supposed to have delivered the remark as Lincoln’s deathbed, “now he belongs to the ages” … an alleged epitaph whose actual content is subject, like all biography, to textual uncertainty and ideological redefinition.
Update: The excellent tale of a different soldier pardoned on this same date has recently been debunked by the National Archives in an academic scandal: in January 2011, researcher Thomas Lowry confessed to altering the pardon order for one Patrick Murphy from the true (and much less dramatic) date of April 14, 1864 to April 14, 1865.
Vaughn was actually pardoned just before Lincoln went to Ford’s Theater; Murphy (totally unconnected to Vaughn) was pardoned 365 days prior.
1683: John Nisbet the Younger - 2019
2004: Fabrizio Quattrocchi, "I'll show you how an Italian dies!" - 2018
2015: Siti Zainab - 2017
1725: Maria Romberg, her lover, her maid, and her witch - 2016
1322: Bartholomew de Badlesmere - 2015
1922: George Hornsby - 2014
1950: Eugene LaMoore, the last hanged in Alaska - 2013
Themed Set: Alaska - 2013
1736: Andrew Wilson, in the Heart of Midlothian - 2012
1647: Domenica Gratiadei and her coven of witches - 2011
1965: Perry Smith and Dick Hickock, In Cold Blood subjects - 2010
1682: Avvakum Petrov, Old Believer - 2008
1914: Carl Hans Lody
Entry Filed under: 19th Century,Capital Punishment,Death Penalty,Espionage,Execution,History,Milestones,Missouri,Not Executed,Notable Participants,Pardons and Clemencies,Separatists,Shot,Soldiers,Spies,U.S. Military,USA,Wartime Executions
Tags: 1860s, 1865, abraham lincoln, academia, american civil war, april 14, civil war, ford's theater, george s.e. vaughn, george vaughn, john b. henderson, maryville, national archives, st. louis, thomas lowry
1858: Felice Orsini, Italian revolutionary
4 comments March 13th, 2009 Headsman
On this date in 1858, Italian revolutionary Felice Orsini calmly lost his head for the nation.
Something of a celebrity revolutionary, Orsini joined the independence movement of Giuseppe Mazzini and embarked on a generation’s worth of conspiracy, covert operations and prison spells and prison breaks which he himself voluptuously recounted in hot-selling autobiographical tomes.
Orsini became convinced that French ruler Louis Napoleon* was the chief obstacle to Italian unification, and accordingly chucked a bomb at the dictator’s carriage on January 14, 1858.
Ever theatrical, the condemned Orsini addressed a letter to Louis Napoleon while awaiting execution. In it, he urged the emperor to take up the Italian cause.
Whether mindful of the prospect of another Orsini waiting for his carriage, remembering his own youthful plotting with the Italian carbonari, or simply for reasons of French statecraft, Napoleon did just that. His alliance with the Piedmont state in northwest Italy (for which France received Savoy and the French Riviera in exchange) helped it absorb most of what now constitutes the Italian state.
Within three years of Orsini’s death, only a reduced papal enclave around Rome and the Austrian holdings around Venice separated the peninsula from unification.
In life, Orsini had been a prominent advocate of the Italian cause and played to packed houses in England. In death, he was felt further afield than that.
Tacking to a moderate stance on slavery abolition ahead of his presidential campaign, Abraham Lincoln condemned the late radical abolitionist John Brown as another Orsini — “an enthusiast [who] broods over the oppression of a people till he fancies himself commissioned by Heaven to liberate them. He ventures the attempt, which ends in little else than his own execution.”
Among Lincoln’s officers in the coming Civil War would be Charles DeRudio, the anglicized name of Orsini co-conspirator Carlo di Rudio.
Di Rudio had drawn a death sentence himself for the Orsini plot but was spared (pdf) by the clemency of his intended victim. He would go on to fight in the Battle of the Little Bighorn where he once again managed to cheat death.
* aka Napoleon III. He was the grandson of Josephine’s guillotined first husband.
1889: Samuel Rylands, the first hanged at Shepton Mallet - 2019
1663: Alexander Kennedy, forger of false bonds and writts - 2018
1601: Henry Cuffe, mingled interest - 2017
1951: Ants Kaljurand, Estonian Forest Brother - 2016
1569: Louis de Bourbon, Prince of Conde, at the Battle of Jarnac - 2015
1493: Peter Dane, in the Sternberger Hostienschänderprozess - 2014
1996: Thomas Reckley, the first in Bahamas in 12 years - 2013
1956: Jesus Maria de Galindez - 2012
2005: A gay couple in Saudi Arabia - 2011
1985: Stephen Morin, serial killer convert - 2010
D - 2009
1998: Bahram Khan, by his victim's brother - 2008
1894: Sante Geronimo Caserio, anarchist assassin
1882: Guglielmo Oberdan
1478: Pazzi Conspiracy attempted … and suppressed
1794: Not Thomas Paine
1803: Robert Emmet, “let no man write my epitaph”
1822: Four Sergeants of La Rochelle
1795: Tula, Curacao’s Nat Turner
Entry Filed under: 19th Century,Assassins,Beheaded,Capital Punishment,Death Penalty,Execution,Famous,France,Guillotine,History,Italy,Martyrs,Not Executed,Notable for their Victims,Occupation and Colonialism,Pardons and Clemencies,Public Executions,Revolutionaries
Tags: 1850s, 1858, abraham lincoln, american civil war, battle of the little bighorn, carlo di rudio, charles derudio, felice orsini, giuseppe mazzini, indian wars, john brown, louis napoleon, march 13, napoleon iii, nationalism, risorgimento
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1766: John Clark and James Felton
Add comment November 26th, 2018 Headsman
We resort to a footnote in a Newgate Calendar edition for today’s interesting anecdote:
John Clarke was a watch-case maker, of good repute, in London. He had long been in the habit of occasionally working by himself in a closet; and his apprentice, jealous of the master’s being there employed on some work in which he would not instruct him, secretly bored a hole in the wainscot, through which he saw him filling guineas. He gave information, convicted, and brought his master to the gallows.
Clarke, for this offence, suffered at Tyburn, along with James Felton, an apprentice, on the 26th of November, 1766, who was the first offender convicted on the act which makes stealing bank-notes, &c. out of letters, a felony. It was proved that he stole a bank post-bill out of a letter at Mr. Eaton’s receiving-house, in Chancery Lane.
(There is no Ordinary’s Account for this date: installments of this venerable series were very sparse during the term of Joseph Moore, in the late 1760s. -ed.)
1736: James Matthews and Elizabeth Greenley - 2017
1936: Vladimir Mutnykh, Bolshoi director - 2016
2009: Hu Minghua and Su Binde, child abductors - 2015
1948: Hans Karl Möser, for rocketry - 2014
1933: Thomas Thurmond and John Holmes lynched in St. James Park - 2013
1678: William Staley, "the prologue to the bloody tragedy" - 2012
1937: Peljidiin Genden, former Mongolia Prime Minister - 2011
Daily Double: Stalinism east to west - 2011
1940: Jilava Massacre - 2010
1600: Hansel Pappenheimer, following his family - 2009
1849: Sheikh Bouzian, defending Zaatcha - 2008
1919: Felipe Angeles - 2007
1752: William Jillet, Daniel Johnson, and David Smith
1777: William Dodd, mind wonderfully concentrated
1736: Both John Vernham and Joshua Harding survive a hanging
1730: James Dalton, Hogarth allusion
1766: James Annin and James M’Kinzy
1764: John Prince, dissembler
1693: Five at Tyburn
Entry Filed under: 18th Century,Capital Punishment,Common Criminals,Counterfeiting,Crime,Death Penalty,England,Execution,Hanged,Pelf,Public Executions,Theft
Tags: 1760s, 1766, james felton, john clark, john clarke, london, november 26, Tyburn
1813: A Nez Perce thief, by the Pacific Fur Company
Add comment June 1st, 2018 Headsman
On this date in 1813, Anglo-American fur trader John Clarke had an indigenous Nez Perce summarily hanged for stealing a goblet … dangerously poisoning relations between the respective communities in the Pacific Northwest.
We lay our day’s scene in the Oregon Territory, far frontier of then-only-prospective American continental expansion, beyond even the fathomless reaches of the Louisiana Purchase. The Stars and Stripes had penetrated there courtesy of the Lewis and Clark Expedition, but British, Spanish, and Russian expeditions had planted their own flags too, to say nothing of the claims of its native inhabitants.
And all these claimants had one common desire: the pelts of the beavers swarming that verdant sector.
The New York businessman John Jacob Astor bought a stake in the fur trade in the form of the Pacific Fur Company, and set down the outpost of Astoria, Oregon. (Astor was destined to become one of the republic’s early homegrown plutocrats, a fact which is merely incidental for our purposes. It was the fur business that propelled him to wealth.)
One agent of the P.F.C. was a singularly undiplomatic trader aged about 31 summers, John Clarke. Calling on a mixed Nez Perce-Palouse village to trade his canoes for horses to make an overland journey, Clarke was irritated to find that prices weren’t to his liking and the locals enjoyed pilfering his baubles.
American scribbler Washington Irving recorded the ensuing events:
[Clarke] was a tall, good-looking man, and somewhat given to pomp and circumstance, which made him an object of note in the eyes of the wondering savages. He was stately, too, in his appointments, and had a silver goblet or drinking cup, out of which he would drink with a magnificent air, and then lock it up in a large gardevin, which accompanied him in his travels, and stood in his tent. This goblet had originally been sent as a present from Mr. Astor to Mr. M’Kay, the partner who had unfortunately been blown up in the Tonquin. As it reached Astoria after the departure of that gentleman, it had remained in the possession of Mr. Clarke.
A silver goblet was too glittering a prize not to catch the eye of a Pierced-nose. It was like the shining tin case of John Reed. Such a wonder had never been seen in the land before. The Indians talked about it to one another. They marked the care with which it was deposited in the gardevin, like a relic in its shrine, and concluded that it must be a “great medicine.” That night Mr. Clarke neglected to lock up his treasure; in the morning the sacred casket was open—the precious relic gone!
Clarke was now outrageous. All the past vexations that he had suffered from this pilfering community rose to mind, and he threatened that, unless the goblet was promptly returned, he would hang the thief should he eventually discover him. The day [May 31st, 1813] gassed away, however, without the restoration of the cup. At night sentinels were secretly posted about the camp. With all their vigilance a Pierced-nose contrived to get into the camp unperceived, and to load himself with booty; it was only on his retreat that he was discovered and taken. At daybreak the culprit was brought to trial, and promptly convicted. He stood responsible for all the spoliations of the camp, the precious goblet among the number, and Mr. Clarke passed sentence of death upon him.
A gibbet was accordingly constructed of oars; the chief of the village and his people were assembled and the culprit was produced, with his legs and arms pinioned. Clarke then made a harangue. He reminded the tribe of the benefits he had bestowed upon them during his former visits, and the many thefts an other misdeeds which he had overlooked. The prisoner especially had always been peculiarly well treated by the white men, but had repeatedly been guilty of pilfering. He was to be punished for his own misdeeds, and as a warning to is tribe.
The Indians now gathered round Mr. Clarke and interceded for the culprit, They were willing he should be punished severely, but implored that his life might be spared. The companions, too, of Mr. Clarke, considered the sentence too severe, and advised him to mitigate it; but he was inexorable. He was not naturally a stern or cruel man; but from his boyhood he had lived in the Indian country among lndian traders, and held the life of a savage extremely cheap. He was, moreover, a firm believer in the doctrine of intimidation.
Farnham, a clerk, a tall “Green Mountain boy” from Vermont, who had been robbed of a pistol, acted as executioner. The signal was given, and the poor Pierced-nose, resisting, struggling, and screaming, in the most frightful manner, was launched into eternity. The Indians stood round gazing in silence and mute awe, but made no attempt to oppose the execution, nor testified any emotion when it was over. They locked up their feelings within their bosoms until an opportunity should arrive to gratify them with — a bloody act of vengeance.
Having made his grand gesture, Clarke quickly realized that he had enacted it while his small party was alone in an Indian village where they were at the mercy of their far more numerous hosts. Fearing a backlash, the white traders accordingly hightailed it back to Astoria, and then evacuated Astoria itself.
1661: James Guthrie, protester - 2019
1660: Mary Dyer, Quaker - 2017
1970: Pedro Eugenio Aramburu, by the Montoneros - 2016
1946: Ion Antonescu - 2015
1942: Vladislav Vancura, "Marketa Lazarova" author - 2014
1936: Arnold Sodeman, Schoolgirl Strangler - 2013
1739: Michael Blodorn, "selvmordsmord" - 2012
1307: Fra Dolcino, Apostle - 2011
193: Didius Julianus, who bought the purple from the Praetorians - 2010
1453: Çandarli Halil Pasha, after the fall of Constantinople - 2009
1962: Adolf Eichmann - 2008
1850: Five Cayuse, for the Whitman Massacre
1860: John Guthrie, antislavery horse thief
Entry Filed under: 19th Century,Capital Punishment,Death Penalty,Execution,Hanged,History,Occupation and Colonialism,Oregon,Public Executions,Summary Executions,USA,Wrongful Executions
Tags: 1810s, 1813, astoria, first peoples, indigenous, john clarke, john jacob astor, june 1, nez perce, washington irving
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Bakor Monoliths: Metropolitan Fragment, Conference and Site Visits
New York & Nigeria, March 2018
In March 2018, Factum Foundation’s collaborative effort with the Trust for African Rock Art (TARA) and the University of Calabar (UNICAL) to preserve the Bakor monoliths developed through two significant milestones in the project: the photogrammetric recording of the top half of a monolith in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, and the successful completion of a conference hosted by the Department of History and International Studies at UNICAL. In addition to this, a short period of fieldwork contributed to the survey of the major monolith sites begun in October 2016.
Factum Foundation would like to thank Yaëlle Biro and the Department of Africa, Oceania and the Americas at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, for their assistance in the realisation of this project.
All Factum Foundation's work in Nigeria and the New York was made possible by a generous donation from James and Paula Crown
NTITOGO MONOLITH FRAGMENT IN THE METROPOLITAN MUSEUM, NEW YORK
Ntitogo monolith pictured in Allison's survey and in the Metropolitan's collection
Included in the 2015 online publication of the paper 'Cross River Monoliths: in critical danger of total destruction' by Dr. Ivor Miller and Dr. Abu Edet was an image of the base half of a monolith pictured amidst the ashes of a recent fire. It was subsequently identified among the photographs from the survey carried out by Philip Allison in the early 1960s with its top half attached (though with the large crack that would have enabled its separation clearly evident) at a site identified as ‘Ntetakor’, an incorrect rendering of the actual name ‘Ntitogo’.
Circulation of this image online led to the recognition of the top half of the monolith in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, where it entered the collection as part of the bequest of Nina and Gordon Bunshaft, who in turn had acquired it from Fatou Touba M’Backe Gallery, New York, in 1985. Research thus far has been unable to locate any information about this gallery, but it is likely that the fragment would have left Nigeria at some point in the late 1960s or early 1970s (during the period of the Biafra conflict and its aftermath), before entering the international antiquities market.
Recording the Ntitogo monolith fragment at the Metropolitan
Factum Foundation’s initial visit to the Bakor region in October 2016 included a visit to Ntitogo, where Alexander Peck recorded the base in situ using photogrammetry. Following the announcement of UNICAL’s conference, the idea of presenting a project that united the recordings of the top and bottom halves of the Ntitogo monolith suggested itself as an appropriate subject by which to explore the potentials of 3D imaging technologies in the conservation of the sites. Permission was secured from the department of Africa, Oceania and the Americas at the Metropolitan and the work was carried out in early March 2018, shortly before the commencement of the conference. After quickly processing the data, scale versions of the top and bottom halves were 3D printed in resin as a showcase to be presented in Nigeria.
CROSS RIVER AKWANSHI: THE CONSERVATION AND INTERPRETATION OF INDIGENOUS CULTURAL STONES
Deputy Vice Chancellor of UNICAL, Prof. Uche Amalu / Dr Abu Solomon Edet / the conference panel / conference assistants
The two day conference on the preservation of the Bakor monoliths brought together leading Nigerian and international experts to discuss the subject. The defining refrain was the lamentable disinterest and total lack of support within the Nigerian government for the conservation of the monoliths and their sites, as was picked up by a news report in the Guardian, Nigeria. In terms of more specific research into the age of the monoliths, it was generally accepted that Ekpo Eyo's tentative archaeologically based dating required further support to be properly established.
An enlightening context to the monoliths was provided by Dr. Miller, whose paper featured a selection of images of stones from Ékpè Lodges in the Cross River region. Ékpè is a secret initiatory society that was the traditional administrator of justice in pre-colonial communities and which has a number of important cultural practices including masquerades and ritual dressing of stones. The paper linked living approaches to the stones found in Ékpè lodges to the more ancient monoliths of the Bakor people. Dr. Miller's research is aimed at placing the monoliths within the wider perspective of Cross River state culture and is therefore a valuable contribution to the objectives of the project.
AKUMABAL MEETING
Meeting of the clan chiefs at Akumabal
Immediately following the conference, the team journeyed to the Bakor region to update community leaders on its outcome and the general progress of the project, as well as to visit remaining sites. At a short-notice meeting of the clan heads in Akumabal, the Ntitogo monolith sections and two other printed and cast monoliths (from Alok at Njemitop) were presented to the clan leaders of Bakor as a gift from Factum Foundation. A short presentation was also given to the assembly that outlined some of the ways in which digital technologies could be used in the preservation and interpretation of the monoliths. It was evident that the team's return to the region was taken as a significant indication of the seriousness of the project; one of the frequent complaints from community leaders is that researchers come with many promises, receive help and then fail to share their work afterwards. The meeting concluded with the performance of a masquerade ceremony and the suggestion of the idea of a Bakor cultural week in the near future.
The team visited three more monolith sites to survey the condition of the stones: Manden, Eting Nta and Oyengi. Manden is important on account of its monoliths being carved out of limestone rather than the usual basalt. Sadly, the monoliths are almost entirely destroyed and the site has been subsumed by yam plantations and consequently it is periodically burnt to clear vegetation.
Eting Nta
Eting Nta presented a more hopeful situation with a number of impressive monoliths in relatively good condition in spite of the evidence of fire. The site is the original location of a complete monolith that is now in the Musée du Quai Branly (Paris) that was photographed by Allison. Another of the monoliths from the site included in Allison's survey was recently sold for €192,300 by Binoche & Giquello auctioneers (Paris), the provenance of which states that the stone was collected in 1968 then given an exit permit from the National Commission for Museums and Monuments, Abuja, on February 1st 1969 before being exported through Togo. Also from Eting Nta is a monolith listed at Galerie Pierre Dartevelle (Brussels) catalogued by Allison as E10.
Eting Nta monolith now in the Musée Quai Branly / Eting Nta monolith recently sold by Binoche & Giquello / Eting Nta monolith in Galerie Pierre Dartevelle
Oyengi
Oyengi is another unique site as a result of its distinctive phallic type of monoliths. Of the five photographed by Allison (four carved, one uncarved) only one carved and one uncarved remain. The chief of Oyengi received our team with welcoming expressions of support and accompanied us to the site with a group of elders. Standing next to the one remaining monolith he decried their disappearance and entreated our team to discover their current whereabouts. Subsequent research has at least discovered one of the monoliths from the sites, marked as OY3 in Allison's survey, also listed at Galerie Pierre Dartevelle.
Oyengi monolith in Galerie Pierre Dartevelle
The project's first stage (2016).
Go back to main project page.
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Home » Best Bets » A Fool and His Money in Week 14
A Fool and His Money in Week 14
Best Bets December 4, 2008 NickLeave a comment
If you're new here, you may want to follow Fools on Twitter, like Fools on Facebook, or circle Fools on Google+. You can also subscribe to the Fantasy Football Fools RSS feed. Thanks for visiting. See you next time!
Note from Jacob: Somehow, after a rager of a game of Monopoly — yes, we are five years old — and a weekend of fantasy football talk, we got Chadam to disagree with Nick on some of this week’s picks.
Oakland Raiders at San Diego Chargers
Fools Take: CHARGERS (-9) over Raiders
Nick says: I expect Philip Rivers to have his best game of the season because he is on my fantasy football team and because I will not be needing his services with a bye in the first week of the playoffs in Week 14. (Note from Nick: Jacob and Chadam do not have a first round bye, but they did make the playoffs.)
Minnesota Vikings at Detroit Lions
SPLIT DECISION!
Chadam Takes: LIONS (+10) over Vikings
Nick Takes: Vikings (-10) over LIONS
In taking the Lions, Chadam says: This matchup is the best chance for the Lions to win a game this season.
In taking the Vikings, Nick says: The Lions have Daunte Culpepper.
Cincinnati Bengals at Indianapolis Colts
Fools Take: Bengals (+13.5) over COLTS
Nick says: The Colts have not beaten an opponent by more than six points all year. I was so shocked by that stat that I had to take the Bengals and points. Somehow, I’m guessing the Colts will break that trend sometime during the next two weeks while they are playing the Bengals and Lions. Just call it a gut feeling.
Atlanta Falcons at New Orleans Saints
Fools Take: Falcons (+3) over SAINTS
Nick says: I know that the NFC South teams are the definition of home field advantage, but I still can’t get over the lack of respect the Falcons are getting. They are 8-4! I love the way they are pounding the ball with Turner and then going over the top to Roddy White. Matt Ryan has my vote for rookie of the year.
Philadelphia Eagles at New York Giants
Fools Take: GIANTS (-7) over Eagles $ #
Chadam says: If it was -17, I would still take the Giants.
Nick says: I’m guessing a lot of people will pick the Eagles after they whooped up on the Cardinals and the whole Plaxico Burress situation in the Big Apple, but the Giants haven’t been relying on Burress all year. The G-Men will be even more focused now that he’s gone.
Houston Texans at Green Bay Packers
Chadam Takes: Texans (+6) over PACKERS
Nick Takes: PACKERS (-6) over Texans
In taking the Texans, Chadam says: I always take the Texans.
In taking the Packers, Nick says: I was listening to the Bill Simmons’ BS Report and whatever expert he had on the show was convinced that the Packers are much better than their record indicates based on his statistics. This game is my test to see if this guy knows his stuff or if he is full of shit. Beating the Texans shouldn’t be too tough a test for any playoff worthy team.
Cleveland Browns at Tennessee Titans
Fools Take: TITANS (-14) over Browns
Nick says: I think it’s hilarious that the Browns are giving more points than the Lions against a common opponent. This number seemed high to me, but then I remembered that the Browns suck and are playing a third string backup at QB. Good luck against the Titans, Ken Dorsey!
Jacksonville Jaguars at Chicago Bears
Chadam Takes: BEARS (-6.5) over Jaguars
Nick Takes: Jaguars (+6.5) over BEARS
In taking the Bears, Chadam says: I think the Jags have given up on this season, and the Bears are still fighting for a playoff spot.
In taking the Jaguars, Nick says: I just feel deflated in regards to the Bears. They looked promising for a while there, but now, they are on the apathetic/”don’t care” list. Eh.
New York Jets at San Francisco 49ers
Fools Take: Jets (-4) over 49ERS $ #
Nick says: I have no clue what to think about the Jets. They got embarrassed at home last week by the Broncos — The Broncos! — the same team that was embarrassed by the Raiders a week before. I think the Jets will rebound nicely this week, but I have no faith in their chances to go deep in the playoffs after last week. None.
New England Patriots at Seattle Seahawks
Fools Take: Patriots (-4.5) over SEAHAWKS #
Nick says: Is Matt Cassel better than Tom Brady? Add that to the list of most ridiculous comparisons ever right up there with Deron Williams versus Chris Paul, Britney’s voice versus Christina’s voice and LeBron versus anybody. The Patriots should win this game by a touchdown or two.
Kansas City Chiefs at Denver Broncos
Fools Take: Chiefs (+9) over BRONCOS
Nick says: I honestly have no clue what to expect from the Broncos. They might be the most up/down team I’ve ever seen. The Chiefs are coming off only their second win of the season, so I’m going to give them the edge.
Miami Dolphins at Buffalo Bills (in Cana-day)
Fools Take: Dolphins (+1) over Bills
Nick says: The Bills couldn’t put up more than three points at home against the 49ers, and now, I’m supposed to expect them to beat the Dolphins in a fake home game in Toronto? I don’t think so. I’m making this a lock just because of the absurdity of the suggestion.
Dallas Cowboys at Pittsburgh Steelers
Fools Take: STEELERS (-3) over Cowboys
Nick says: I respect the Steelers. Their fans are legit and know how to get up for a big game — too bad this isn’t the night game. I’m still not convinced on the Cowboys, but this game should be a legitimate test for them. Beat the Steelers at home, and you are legit in my opinion. Hopefully, no one breaks an ankle in the process — besides Willie Parker, who breaks something every game.
St. Louis Rams at Arizona Cardinals
Chadam Takes: CARDINALS (-14) over Rams
Nick Takes: Rams (+14) over CARDINALS
In taking the Cardinals, Chadam says: The Rams are going to be tanking for a good draft pick to get a new quarterback, running back, wide receiver, tight end, kicker, offensive line and defensive line. They are set at punter.
In taking the Rams, Nick says: I just think 14 points is too much for a Cardinals team that is good but not great. I’m guessing Steven Jackson breaks loose in a lost cause just enough to cover the spread.
Washington Redskins at Baltimore Ravens
Fools Take: RAVENS (-5) over Redskins $ #
Nick says: The Zorn Supremacy is gone. They are now searching for The Zorn Identity. What happened to letting Clinton Portis be the work horse and Jason Campbell doing just enough to keep defenses honest? There is going to be a good team left out of the AFC playoffs. It’s too bad the Broncos will take a spot away from a deserving candidate. Hopefully, it won’t be the Ravens.
Tampa Bay Buccaneers at Carolina Panthers
Chadam Takes: Bucs (-3) over PANTHERS
Nick Takes: PANTHERS (+3) over Bucs
In taking the Bucs, Chadam says: I’ve been a fan of the Bucs all year, so I’m not going to jump off the bandwagon now. Besides, the Panthers are a bit too inconsistent for my tastes. I really don’t like that I’m giving points in this game though.
In taking the Panthers, Nick says: I am going to stick with the NFC South home field advantage in this game, and there is no 3.5-point spread, which has been killing me all season. Hopefully, I can get back on track this week. My picks have hit a late season SNAFU in these past few weeks, but I’m looking to reverse that trend with a little luck.
Last Week:
Nick: 7-9
Current Standings after Week 13:
Nick: 97-88-3
Nick’s Lock: 8-5
bets, betting, Clinton Portis, Daunte Culpepper, Jason Campbell, Ken Dorsey, Matt Cassel, Matt Ryan, Michael Turner, NFL, Philip Rivers, Plaxico Burress, Roddy White, spreads, Steven Jackson, Tom Brady, Willie Parker
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Home » Chris Perry
Tag Archives: Chris Perry
On the Wire: Waiver Wire Sneak Attacks from Week 7
Waiver Wire October 22, 2008 Jacob7 Comments
It’s very likely that you have already tried to snag some of these guys. In fact, you might have had them on your roster, dropped them, picked them back up, dropped them again and let some other team roll with them for a week or two by now.
But maybe it’s time to pick them up again.
For the sake of repetition, we’ll repeat some of them from past “On the Wire” waiver wire suggestions — slowly this time. If these players are available now, you might have good reason to jump back on the bandwagon. The pickings will only get slimmer from here barring massive stud injuries.
Rather than sort by position, this week, I’m going to shuffle people up by upside. If these guys are at the top of the list, they’re probably the ones you want to scan the wire for first.
Worth Claiming
Deuce McAllister, RB New Orleans Saints — If no one got the memo that he was back (and seriously, who didn’t?), you should make sure you get him now. Without Reggie Bush dancing around every other play, Deuce will get some meaningful carries. His game against the Chargers this week should be a great chance for us to see how much he can do with the majority of the carries against a weak run defense. I assume the Chargers like to let opposing RBs run over them because L.T. does in practice.
Donnie Avery, WR St. Louis Rams — It’s safe to put Rams on your roster again. Avery has had several solid performances, enough for me to say he’s no longer a potential fluke. The Rams’ schedule down the stretch is a nice one, especially for the last few weeks (otherwise known as the fantasy playoffs). They play home games against Seattle and San Francisco in Weeks 15 and 16.
Josh Morgan, WR San Francisco 49ers — I’m officially off the Bryant Johnson bandwagon. It was nice riding out the storms with you, B.J., but you just didn’t hold up your end of the bargain. Morgan was injured and infected to start the season. Now that he’s back to full health, he’s also back to outplaying Johnson, and Nolan named him the starter just before being fired. I don’t think Singletary will see it any differently. Top WRs in the Mike Martz offense have huge upside value, and I really like Morgan — more than Avery.
BenJarvus Green-Ellis, RB New England Patriots –BenJarvus is the kind of guy that I hope never becomes a big fantasy star just because his name is such a pain to write out all the time. It’s almost impossible to make a nickname out of that — B.J.G.E.? Bulge? Hey, that might work. Regardless, Green-Ellis is helping out Sammy Morris throughout the rest of the season with Laurence Maroney on IR. We saw that Morris will take his licks occasionally, and this pickup is more of a stash than anything. Put him on your roster to see how his role changes in the game plans for Week 8 and Week 9.
Kevin Curtis, WR Philadelphia Eagles — Again, just a reminder that he is back and should be playing soon. Some people won’t realize he’s returned until he has a big performance, and you’ll want to make sure you get him on your roster before that happens. He could easily retake his spot as the No. 1 receiving option for Donovan McNabb.
Cedric Benson, RB Cincinnati Bengals — He’s the best they got in Cincy right now, and his value gets a bump because he’s now the starter. Small number of soft running matchups left, but at least he’s “the guy” for an NFL team if you are slim at RB.
Steve Smith, WR New York Giants — The “other” Steve Smith could have some big days ahead when the Giants face strong run defenses like the Steelers, Eagles (twice), Ravens, Cardinals and Panthers. He’s clearly Eli’s safety blanket on third downs.
Jacksonville Jaguars D/ST — Here’s all you really need to know: post-bye, healed up and playing the Browns, Bengals and Lions. The Jags might be back for at least the next three weeks.
Washington Redskins D/ST — Redskins play the Lions this week. Despite their mediocre performances this season, this week could be a chance for a huge day.
Chansi Stuckey, WR New York Jets — I am sure you were disappointed Sunday if you are a Cotchery owner, but a leg injury might have played a part in preventing him from making an impact. The latest reports say Cotchery will be questionable going into this weekend against the Chiefs, and Stuckey would be the big winner if Cotchery sits.
Malcom Floyd, WR San Diego Chargers — He’s the Chris Chambers when Chris Chambers is out, but if Chambers returns this week, he’s not really worth much. I just have to mention him because he was such a stud in Week 7 as my bye week filler.
Mike Walker, WR Jacksonville Jaguars — His knee got infected after being injured against the Steelers, but this WR was one of my big sleepers that I am watching these next couple of weeks. As soon as he is healthy, he is worth picking up. The Jags schedule couldn’t look much better these next three weeks — Browns, Bengals, Lions — and, with Jones suspended, Walker could easily become the most targeted receiver on the field once again.
Marty Booker, WR Chicago Bears — Bears are on bye this week, but the vet showed he still had moves in Week 7’s high-scoring showdown. If Lloyd continues to miss time and Hester is injured enough to be used sparingly, Booker is a nice play — especially Week 9 against the Lions.
Jamaal Charles and Kolby Smith, RB Kansas City Chiefs — Kolby Smith may be getting the workload carries with Larry Johnson out, but Charles is the more intriguing back for fantasy since he breaks for more yards. Depending on how the Larry Johnson fiasco shakes out, they might be worth acquiring by Week 10 when the Chiefs have good running matchups.
Javon Walker, WR Oakland Raiders — Did you even realize that Walker was playing this season? Me either. He had one nice week, but I’d like to see it again before I grab him. He’s only worth keeping tabs on for now.
Droppables
Bryant Johnson, WR San Francisco 49ers — Losing his starting job for the 49ers is a big upside killer. He’s not worth keeping on your roster. Go get Josh Morgan.
Brad Johnson, QB Dallas Cowboys — He’s a starting quarterback, but the Bucs and the Giants looked like bad games from the start. He can’t keep the offense going against the Rams, and these next few weeks could be even worse. If you are keeping him on your roster, what else do you have at QB? (I really want to know — drop me a comment.)
Patrick Crayton, WR Dallas Cowboys — Obviously, his value isn’t nil just yet, but I don’t see him having much more impact than he did against he Rams on Sunday. Don’t drop him for nothing, but I think you can safely switch him out for someone of similar or better upside now.
Chris Perry, RB Cincinnati Bengals — He didn’t touch the ball this past week, and he might not ever again. We all know if he does get it, he’ll drop it anyway.
LeRon McClain, RB Baltimore Ravens — One day, you’re fantasy gold; the next, no one wants to touch you. McGahee looked like the workhorse back against Miami even though he had to have his knee drained to play. McClain’s on a decline. If a back comes along with a better chance to succeed, I’d consider letting him off his leash.
Dante Rosario, TE Carolina Panthers — I’m impressed if you are still hanging onto this guy. He hasn’t done anything since Week 1. Let it go.
Droppable Trade Bait
Kellen Winslow, TE Cleveland Browns — I’m not one to panic, but the trade request talks and staph infection have gotten Winslow in the coach’s dawghouse. (See what I did there?) You can’t drop him, but if you can get a premium value and a decent replacement TE (Zach Miller, Greg Olsen or maybe Dustin Keller), you might consider bailing here. Winslow’s been the only consistent part of the Browns offense, but he may decline if he becomes a sore on the Browns’ side…wait, or is that just the staph?
That’s it for this week. I have to go to the doctor to get the Browns checked out.
Questions about who to drop? Wondering what player you should have grabbed instead? Feel free to comment for more in-depth roster assistance. Our operators (me) are standing by now.
BenJarvus Green-Ellis, Brad Johnson, Bryant Johnson, Cedric Benson, Chansi Stuckey, Chris Perry, Dante Rosario, Deuce McAllister, Donnie Avery, drops, Jamaal Charles, Javon Walker, Josh Morgan, Kellen Winslow, Kevin Curtis, Kolby Smith, LeRon McClain, Malcom Floyd, Marty Booker, Mike Walker, Patrick Crayton, pickups, Steve Smith (CAR)
On the Wire: Waiver Wire Grabs from Week 5
Waiver Wire October 7, 2008 Jacob4 Comments
In 2006, I drafted Clinton Portis as my lead running back. I don’t even remember who my second running back was, but, in the late rounds, I picked myself up a rookie with too many names, Maurice Jones-Drew.
When Jones-Drew blew up with his big rookie season (1300+ yards and 15 TDs), I thought I was going to dominate with the Portis/Jones-Drew tandem until Portis broke his hand in Week 10 and killed my playoff chances. I had no viable replacement for Portis’ consistent point production because I had filled my bench with a few filler wide receivers and running backs that had poor schedules to end the season.
Fantasy owners who are sitting pretty right now have to start building for the playoffs. You want to balance your roster, strengthen your studs if you can by trading up and acquire a bench of players that, if nothing else, will have dominant performances in Weeks 14-16, when it matters most.
The waiver wire is critical from here on out because it can shift the power among the top teams and bring in the depth and talent that you need to win your league. Don’t think that you can become complacent now just because your team is sitting on top or sulking on the bottom.
Last year, in one of my veteran leagues, the playoff contenders were pretty evenly matched heading into the last part of the regular season until a team that was winning with the duo of Terrell Owens and Randy Moss picked up Kurt Warner and Ryan Grant off waivers.
Well, you can guess how that worked out for him. What a lucky jackass smart guy.
Here are a few potential fantasy free agents that could help you do that same in 2008.
Bobby Engram, WR Seattle Seahawks
If no one picked him up last week or if your league remains unimpressed by his eight catches for 61 yards against the Giants, make sure you put him on your roster this week. His schedule gets MUCH better, and if Branch is injured, that means even more balls coming his way — and that’s what she said. I prefer Engram to Branch, even when neither of them have foot pain. After Green Bay and the Bucs, Engram will open it up against the 49ers, Eagles, Dolphins, Cardinals…it keeps going from there. He’s just the kind of guy you want on your playoff team as well with matchups against the Rams and Jets in Week 15 and Week 16.
Devin Hester, WR Chicago Bears
Remember experimenting with him as a wide receiver? It’s happening now…and working. Without Brandon Lloyd, Hester is the homerun threat, and Orton is making him dangerous for opposing defenses. Enjoy him while the Bears go through the soft, chewy center of their schedule.
Greg Camarillo, WR Miami Dolphins
Some people just jump out on you when they finally get a touchdown. Pennington won’t open it up down the field that much, but he’s got to start throwing to someone other than his tight ends as he matures in the Dolphin’s offense. Camarillo has 17 catches through four games, his bye has already passed and he’s got a sick playoff schedule with the 49ers and Kansas City in Weeks 15 and 16. If you currently have Ted Ginn, Jr. on your roster, first of all, slap yourself. Second, pick up Camarillo instead.
Greg Olsen, TE Chicago Bears
Tight ends are a big hit on the waiver wire this week. Olsen is the first one on the list. Other than Marty Booker and his “spider-sense” hands, Olsen is one of the best pass catchers the Bears have on their roster. He’s getting some big plays down the field and has been more productive in Brandon Lloyd’s absence. Matchups like this week against Atlanta shouldn’t hurt his chances to get a second TD either. Orton is targeting him rather than Desmond Clark these days, and as Orton goes, so goes Greg Olsen.
Dustin Keller, TE New York Jets
Brett Favre and Keller connected almost immediately this season, and Favre is throwing out touchdowns like candy in a parade. You want this guy on your roster. Say it with me now: I want this guy on my roster. If you don’t have a top tight end on your roster or Dustin Keller after reading that paragraph…well, then there is no hope for you, buddy. You’ll never improve your tight end situation, quit smoking or hypnotize yourself into losing weight. I give up.
Visanthe Shiancoe, TE Minnesota Vikings
I was hoping I wouldn’t have to mention this guy. His name is just so freaking hard to type. It’s like his parents named him by looking at a QWERTY keyboard and choosing letters that were really far apart. No, really, Shiancoes, I’m on to you. As long as Frerotte is starting, the Vikings will need a red zone target. Otherwise, every defense just stacks the box to keep Adrian Peterson out of the end zone when they are close. Shank-o is a red zone man. He’s got two TDs this season including the TD pass from Chester Taylor this past weekend. Since we’re so big on playoff schedules this week on the wire, how about Lions, Cardinals and Falcons?
Kyle Orton, QB Chicago Bears
If I mentioned two of his best options, I guess that means I have to mention him again…doesn’t it? Orton tied for the top spot at QB in Week 5. In Week 6, he faces Atlanta. It makes me sick to think of him as a fantasy-worthy QB as well, but I’m starting him this week. When is Orton going to get his first endorsement for Gilette or Norelco?
Warrick Dunn, RB Tampa Bay Buccaneers
He looked better than Earnest Graham in Week 5 against the Broncos. Graham should have had a field day on that defense. I’m worried if I am a Graham owner.
Justin Fargas, RB Oakland Raiders
Back at full health, he’s the starting running back for one of the best rushing offenses in football. McFadden might demand more touches at this point, but Fargas will still get some cred since he had the job first. It’s a rule of the workplace. Haven’t you ever had a steady corporate job with a ladder to nowhere?
Cedric Benson, RB Cincinnati Bengals
As I mentioned previously in my thoughts from Week 5, Chris Perry’s hold on the starting job in Cincy isn’t going to get much weaker than it is right now. Benson will obviously play a larger role in Week 6, but he could take over the reigns completely. I mean, what’s he got to beat? Averaging less three yards per carry and leading the league in fumbles? Even for Benson, that’s doable.
Mike Walker, WR Jacksonville Jaguars
Also revealed in my thoughts from Week 5, Walker is one of a handful of sleepers I had on a list to start the season. He hadn’t quite woken up yet and flirted with close to 50 yards in the Houston game, but he came alive against the Steelers with six passes for 107 yards. He’s worthy of putting on a roster at this point in the season. If he turns into a go-to possession and red zone receiver, Walker could become a staple of your starting lineup. He may have gotten a little torn up on Sunday night, so watch the reports before you make a grab. If healthy, I see nothing but upside, but he’s so small time as a Jacksonville WR that you might be able to wait on him.
Kevin Curtis, WR Philadelphia Eagles
I really want to see Kevin Curtis take the field this season, and he could be close to it. McNabb is stalling out a bit as of late, but he was firing away the first two weeks. I’m sure he’d get a boost throwing to Curtis alongside DeSean Jackson and Reggie Brown. Keep an eye on him.
Nate Washington, WR Pittsburgh Steelers
Washington fills a role similar to Devery Henderson on the Saints or Chansi Stuckey on the Jets. He’s the third WR who goes for a lot of big plays. He’s not always hit with lots of passes, but when he gets one, he can take it to the house. Washington has looked more solid than Santonio Holmes over the last several weeks, and he’s not a bad start when the Steelers are going to be passing frequently. Washington had 95 yards and a touchdown against Jacksonville this past weekend.
Vince Young, QB Tennessee Titans
It pains me to only be able to list VY as a “one to watch,” but the Titans are on a bye. I know Young isn’t supposed to take back the reigns on the starting job, and more than likely, it won’t happen in Week 7, BUT (I like big buts…) I believe that his return to the starting lineup is inevitable. He’s too talented with too much invested in him for the Titans to pass it off to Kerry Collins. If VY returns and hits his stride in the NFL, he finishes up against the Jets, Lions, Browns and Texans before facing the Steelers in Week 16. In a free agent pool of substitute QBs, VY has the greatest upside. Don’t let that get away from you.
Correll Buckhalter, RB Philadelphia Eagles
He’s a sufficient Westbrook substitute, but just like Splenda, he’s nothing like the real thing. It’s just got that twang that makes you know it’s not the real stuff, you know? I believe Westbrook will go in Week 6 against the 49ers, but if they hold him back until after their Week 7 bye, Buckhalter is the guy you want to fill in for your roster.
Ryan Torain, RB Denver Broncos
Mike Shanahan couldn’t stop raving about Torain before the season started, and then Torain got hurt and missed out on the season up until now. I’m going to start mentioning him as a watch for now, but he’s probably going to jump into the grab-worthy category once he is cleared to practice. Wouldn’t it be hilarious if Shanahan never gave him a single carry after talking so much about him just to make fantasy owners waste a spot on their roster? < — Not a joke.
Maurice Morris, RB Seattle Seahawks
When he comes back from injury, he could challenge Julius Jones for carries or the starting role. That’s not the most valuable starting fantasy RB job in the NFL, but you might seriously be contemplating putting Cedric Benson on your team. Call me a Julius Jones hater, but I just like Morris better. Watch him.
Ahman Green, RB Houston Texans
Old bones is back in football pads. It’s sort of anticlimactic now that he isn’t even catching a whiff of the starting role, but Green is bound to be somewhat productive…until his next injury. He’s worth watching only if you need a bye week fill or if you just really like the Texans. Crickets? No one?
Flukes or Droppables
Hank Baskett, WR Philadelphia Eagles
Reggie Brown has stolen back his starting spot, so Baskett is back on the bench. At least he sort of, maybe, in gossip blog terms dated one of Hugh Hefner’s girlfriends. Say goodbye to Kendra, Hank. Your fifteen minutes seconds are up.
Ray Rice, RB Baltimore Ravens
I still hate LeRon McClain, but he totally sniped Rice’s job from him. Maybe he ate Ray Rice. Has anyone checked? Oh, God.
Andre Hall, RB Denver Broncos
Hall is about to be swallowed up by the Torain train and/or the black hole that is the running back depth chart in Denver. His injury just provides one more reason to let him go.
Chris Perry, RB Cincinnati Bengals
Don’t just ditch him on the side of the road. He’s still a starting running back for a *potentially* high-powered offense, but it’s very possible that he could lose his job just like his lost all the marbles over the last five games. I’d seek greener, better gripping pastures.
Ahman Green, Andre Hall, Bobby Engram, Cedric Benson, Chris Perry, Clinton Portis, Correll Buckhalter, Devin Hester, drops, Dustin Keller, Greg Camarillo, Greg Olsen, Hank Baskett, Justin Fargas, Kevin Curtis, Kurt Warner, Kyle Orton, Maurice Jones-Drew, Maurice Morris, Mike Walker, Nate Washington, pickups, Randy Moss, Ray Rice, Ryan Grant, Ryan Torain, Terrell Owens, Vince Young, Visanthe Shiancoe, Warrick Dunn
Foolish Thoughts on Week 5: And another three bite the dust?
News October 7, 2008 Jacob7 Comments
These sudden, mysterious and largely unreported injuries have got to stop. Last week, Carson Palmer was a late scratch. This week, the victim was Matt Schaub, who was hit by a virus the night before the game.
I normally set lineups Saturday night and then let them run, but this sudden injury plague makes me want to start checking again five minutes before game time on Sunday…and then at four minutes, two minutes and one minute until kickoff.
Thanks to the virus, Matt Schaub turned over the reigns to Sage Rosenfels. He looked like he was the hero of the Texan-kind…until he decided to go airborne. When, as a quarterback (and a big one at that), do you EVER think to go airborne to make a play? It wasn’t even a necessary hurdle attempt.
Stay on the ground and slide, Sage. The air will only hurt you. You are NOT Reggie Bush.
Rosenfels ended the day with 246 yards and a TD but gave Texans fans two fumbles and an interception in the fourth quarter and more than enough reasons for Texans fans to stop whimpering that they would rather see Sage starting instead of Schaub. The not-so-wise Sage gave the game away in the fourth quarter in the home opener. That doesn’t win you hearts.
We saw three more QBs go down in the midst of games this week. Matt Hasselbeck (knee), Trent Edwards (concussion) and Brian Griese (shoulder) all got taken out of Sunday’s games, but they managed better than Damon Huard.
Huard owners WISH he had been taken out sooner to make the hurting stop. Daunte Culpepper was a better start than Huard this week.
Who thought there would ever be a week where J.P. Losman, Seneca Wallace, Jeff Garcia and Tyler Thigpen would all have to take over an offense? My hand is not raised.
Kyle Orton scored more fantasy points than Tony Romo and Jay Cutler this week. In fact, he tied Aaron Rodgers and Big Ben for the best QB performance of the week. I am not saying that again.
He was playing Detroit, but do you realize that he’s scored more points than Tony Romo and Jay Cutler over the last three weeks? I think I’m going to be sick.
When did the Packers get so easy to run on? Injuries and poor run stopping are making this unit very droppable.
Chargers couldn’t handle the single-wing, ‘Wildcat’ formation either. I guess the Dolphins have found something special, and Ronnie Brown is a big part of that. Pennington is like a David Garrard circa last year. He is not going to win your game, but he’s probably good for 12 points from time to time.
The Giants looked impressive against Seattle, but they’re also coming off a bye. No, they don’t need Plax to be successful. Domenik Hixon was a sufficient replacement with big play ability. Who took me up on that sleeper pick?
My thoughts on Jerheme Urban weren’t nearly as spot on, but Breaston didn’t impress either. In a blowout, Larry Fitzgerald was the man. That Tim Hightower kid is worth putting on a roster. You are almost a lock for six or more points with guys like that — vultures.
I think the Arizona defense was angry about getting embarrassed last week, and they took it out on Trent Edwards early. If Edwards is out for any length of time, it shouldn’t take anything away from Lee Evans. We know from Losman’s time under center that he likes to push the long ball to Evans, and he did. Losman may be a little sloppy at times, but there are far worse backup QBs in the NFL (see: Brad Johnson).
Washington just keeps shocking the NFC powerhouses. They were supposed to be the bottom of the barrel in the NFC East, not defeat the Cowboys and Eagles in back-to-back games. I don’t see them doing it twice. For once, Santana Moss was shut down by a defense this year, but Portis went off instead. That’ll take the Eagles down a few notches on run defense.
The Chiefs are miserable. Larry Johnson’s only going to be successful behind this line when the run defense is terrible. Maybe the ‘Wildcat’ formation should come to K.C.? I don’t think that will help — even though getting the ball out of Thigpen’s hands would be an improvement.
Watch out for Jamaal Charles. He might be the next Chris Perry. Oh, and the next Chris Perry might be Cedric Benson.
Kerry Collins made the best case to bring back Vince Young Sunday, and then he (sort of) made a case to keep his job there on the final drive against the Ravens. If Collins is going to throw just as many INTs and not play smart football, I don’t see why Vince Young doesn’t jump back in for the Titans. If they wanted to move away from VY as QB, they would have kept Chris Simms on the roster — unless spleens are really that important to functioning as an NFL quarterback.
Sitting a healthy Vince Young behind Kerry Collins will NOT improve his passer rating. I’ve seen experiments.
Marty Booker and Reggie Wayne are competing in a best hands competition. Next week, they are going to catch a ball with one finger. The “buy low” on Peyton Manning has already passed, but if you can get it, get it. I just have a feeling.
Without Griese, the Bucs look like the same boring team that got stomped in the playoffs last year. If the Broncos could stop the run, the score might have been even lower.
Oh, and Earnest Graham owners, this RB split looks like a full committee approach, and Dunn got the extra carry (11 of 21 total carries by the Bucs) on Sunday. He also had the better yardage per carry. Be afraid. Dunn is not done! (Had to say it. Under contract. Now, go buy the bumper sticker.)
That Matt Prater can really kick, can’t he? The rest of the Broncos kept it relatively quiet so as not to anger the Bucs’ big-pass-hunting defense.
The Bengals at Dallas was like a game of failures. I am not even sure if the Cowboys should have won. If not for a right place, right time grab by Crayton, they might not have. Romo will get the passing game together soon. It’s not like he’s having bad days in the meantime, but removing the interceptions and fumbles from his scoring would be nice.
By the way, I think it’s safe to say that Miles Austin has passed up Patrick Crayton. The missed TD pass to Austin was very symbolic if you want to think deeply about it. (Don’t hurt yourself; I’ll handle it.) Austin outproduced Crayton in Week 3 and Week 4, and the only pass Crayton caught this week was intended for Austin.
That Felix Jones can really run, can’t he? See, Cowboys? See how you use him?
Something tells me that Chris Perry loses his job to Cedric Benson in a few weeks. Perry can’t hold onto the ball or get it done when the Bengals passing game is suffering. Benson already looks like a better back, and he’s only been there one week.
Well, look at that. The Patriots figured out a way for Cassel to get the ball to Moss during the bye week. I’m going to guess DNA injection from Tom Brady in some dark laboratory while Bill Belichick laughed maniacally and rewound tape. Totally how it went down.
I’m still glad I don’t own any Patriot RBs. That’s like trying to guess which clown is going to pop out of the car first. Sammy Morris seems to be the only one with guaranteed touches, but now Faulk looks like he is going to be on the field more often with Matt Cassel. Faulk is the better blocker (see: Tom Brady’s knee).
J.T. O’Sullivan is going to get this 49ers passing game together, and when he does, Martz might just make a respectable fantasy quarterback out of him rather than just a matchups starter.
I would have appreciated a small note from Isaac Bruce before I started to move him in my fantasy leagues. That goose egg in Week 1 made me believe he was done, and now he has to become the No. 1 in San Fran. I wouldn’t have dropped you if I would have known that, Brucey.
Let’s see if Bryant Johnson pushes him for the big plays when he is fully healthy again. I still believe Johnson wants to blow us away and show us he would have been a starter anywhere but Arizona.
I have a short list of sleeper picks that haven’t woken up just yet. No. 1 on that list is Mike Walker. He was supposed to be a big target for Garrard this year, but the passing game has stalled because of the offensive line problems. Don’t be distracted by Jerry Porter. Keep your eye on this guy. If you’re in a league with me, EARMUFFS.
Hines Ward > Santonio Holmes. Ward is always around to make the smart play. Maybe even Nate Washington > Santonio Holmes, but Washington is still a little fluky.
The Vikings deserve to be 1-4, but by winning, they may have saved Childress’s job for a little bit longer.
You want to know why you shouldn’t have drafted Adrian Peterson No. 1 overall? Or even No. 2 overall? With a team like the Vikings, even the Saints defense can focus on the run and let Gus Frerotte beat them. It’ll be a lot of feast or famine for A.P. owners this season.
Gramatica should be replaced by Friday. I don’t care if he’s injured. He shouldn’t be starting for the Saints right now, and that is the bottom line. Reggie Bush was winning this game. Drew Brees was winning this game. Hell, even Devery Henderson was winning this game. Gramatica lost it.
At least the Vikings defense is finally looking like they want it.
Rough week for QBs, but many of the dinged up studs will be back under center by Sunday. Fingers crossed, of course.
Cheers and beers for anyone who started DeAngelo Williams and Kyle Orton, especially if you had them both. I would hope you won your Week 5 matchup. Just make sure you entertain all offers for DeAngelo now.
I’m not the first to propose this name, but if Jonathan Stewart is going to be “The Daily Show,” should we call DeAngelo Williams “The Colbert Report?”
Opinions are much appreciated in the comments. I plan to write the official Fantasy Football Nickname Registry once I have collected some feedback.
Aaron Rodgers, Adrian Peterson, Bill Belichick, Brad Johnson, Brian Griese, Bryant Johnson, Carson Palmer, Cedric Benson, Chad Pennington, Chris Perry, Chris Simms, Clinton Portis, Damon Huard, Daunte Culpepper, David Garrard, DeAngelo Williams, Devery Henderson, Domenik Hixon, Drew Brees, Earnest Graham, Felix Jones, Gus Frerotte, Hines Ward, Isaac Bruce, J.P. Losman, J.T. O'Sullivan, Jamaal Charles, Jay Cutler, Jeff Garcia, Jerheme Urban, Jerry Porter, Jonathan Stewart, Kerry Collins, Kevin Faulk, Kyle Orton, Larry Fitzgerald, Larry Johnson, Lee Evans, Martin Gramatica, Marty Booker, Matt Cassel, Matt Hasselbeck, Matt Prater, Matt Schaub, Mike Martz, Mike Walker, Miles Austin, Nate Washington, Patrick Crayton, Peyton Manning, Plaxico Burress, QB, quarterback, Randy Moss, Reggie Bush, Reggie Wayne, Ronnie Brown, Sage Rosenfels, Sammy Morris, Santana Moss, Santonio Holmes, Seneca Wallace, Steve Breaston, Tim Hightower, Tom Brady, Tony Romo, Trent Edwards, Tyler Thigpen, Vince Young, Warrick Dunn
On the Wire: Waiver Wire Gems from Week 3
Waiver Wire September 24, 2008 Jacob5 Comments
Apparently, when you try and make things faster around here, it makes the Internet explode, and bad things happen. I’ll write that down, and, I guess, take it as a compliment that we’ve had such a large flow of traffic around at Fools lately.
I’ll try not to break anything else, okay?
The waiver wire starts to thin this week, but alas, here come the dreaded bye weeks. Every fantasy owner has probably seen how bad they can be, and they’ve fortified their teams to make up for it. Here are a few guys that might have slipped under the radar until now.
J.T. O’Sullivan, QB San Francisco 49ers
This guy needs a nickname. He just has too much punctuation in that name, so from now on, I dub thee JTO, Mr. O’Sullivan. If your league is sleeping on this guy, don’t. O’Sullivan is a Mike Martz quarterback. He’s going to take his hits, but he is also going to put up a 300+ yard game when he has a good matchup. If he has one of those during your current starting QBs bye week, he’s worth putting on your roster. His high risk, high reward play should pay off for fantasy owners hurting from Carson Palmer, Derek Anderson and Peyton Manning — oh, and that Tom Brady guy. This week, he faces off against the New Orleans Saints’ unimpressive secondary.
Brian Griese, QB Tampa Bay Buccaneers
He threw a lot of balls for Tampa Bay on Sunday — no, that’s not what she said. I don’t think he puts up 407 yards and two touchdowns each week without overtime, but he’s worth getting on your roster now. If his plentiful passing attempts continue, he could be fantasy-worthy where Jeff Garcia was only a capable fantasy backup QB. Griese definitely takes on high-end backup status now with the potential to do more when you need him (against Detroit, Minnesota, New Orleans and Atlanta).
Jerramy Stevens, TE Tampa Bay Buccaneers
I’m not exactly sure how he got off parole long enough to leave Seattle, but his return from suspension in Tampa Bay showed his effectiveness. With Galloway out and healing slowly, Stevens could be a factor in the passing game. It’s not like the Bucs have a herd of big name receivers. Stevens is one of those physically imposing guys like Vernon Davis who promise a great deal as a tight end. Unlike Davis though, Stevens could be consistent with Brian Griese finding him when it counts like in Week 3. I mean, at least we know he gets his hands dirty.
Brett Favre likes the rookie tight end even though Keller has a veteran squad in Chris Baker and Bubba Franks ahead of him on the depth chart. Late in the San Diego game, Keller was getting open and brought in a late touchdown. If you are hurting at TE, Keller might be worth a look — especially when the Jets play strong passing defenses that will lock out Jerricho Cotchery and that touchdown-stealing Chansi Stuckey.
Anthony Fasano, TE Miami Dolphins
Don’t you….dun dun da dun dun…forget about him. He might be Ronnie Brown’s favorite target.
Domenik Hixon, Amani Toomer and Steve Smith, WR New York Giants
They have a bye this week, but in Week 5, the Giants will be without Plaxico Burress for his INSUBORDINATION. I’m not sure what Plaxico did for those two days that he missed practice, but insubordination is a great word. Look for Toomer and Steve Smith to step up, but Hixon, who had a three touchdown performance in the preseason, could go wild again in place of the absent receiver. A good game in Week 5 could earn Steve Smith and Hixon more looks.
Go on! Be a vulture! Don’t you see the bird circling the Westbrook owner in your league? Westbrook is only listed as day-to-day, so there’s no guarantee that he won’t take the field. If you are seriously hurtin’ at RB or are playing against the Westbrook owner in your league this week, it might be worth stashing Buckhalter. Remember that the Eagles play the Bears this week though, so don’t expect a Thanksgiving turkey to just fall in your lap. Westbrook owners, get him if you can. On the bright side, I don’t think Westbrook will miss more than one game — if he misses any at all.
Rashard Mendenhall, RB Pittsburgh Steelers
The fantasy football gods are smiling on the folks who are hurting at RB this week. Mike Tomlin even did the fantasy football players a favor by letting us all know PRE-waivers that Willie Parker wouldn’t be going on Monday night. Mendenhall will get his first start, but he hasn’t just dominated like everyone thought he would coming into this season — and there’s that thing he has about fumbling. He’s worth putting on your roster if you have Parker or if your alternative is Ahman Green. Limit your expectation against Baltimore on Monday night. It could be another low-scoring, defensive affair for the Steelers.
Rudi Johnson, RB Detroit Lions
Oh boy, did you see that great game that Rudi had against the 49ers! Now, let me break down what I just said: Rudi had one great game against the 49ers. He’s still splitting time at RB even though he seems to have won some points with the coaching staff after his 131 total yards and a touchdown this week. Both teams were running the ball pretty well, and I’ll give you that Rudi has the hot hand. Still, I am not a true believer. When you get cut from an NFL franchise that is hurtin’ terribly for some movement on offense, you must have a defect besides your high bill.
You can pick him up if you are lacking at RB, but don’t go dropping anybody major (see: anyone with less fluke potential). It remains to be seen how much the Lions will even be able to run the ball this year when they give up 21 points just by starting the game clock. There’s always garbage time?
Michael Bush, RB Oakland Raiders
Role is not certain right now for Bush, but with Fargas hurt, he’s a must grab. I like him almost as much as I like McFadden, and Bush could end up being a big TD vulture to McFadden’s flashy runs similar to how LenDale White and Chris Johnson work.
Brandon Lloyd, WR Chicago Bears
Chicago is where receivers go to die, but maybe, Chicago just makes all wideouts the inverse. Stay with me here. If you were a good WR and went to Chicago, you got pretty bad, BUT if you were a bad WR or a “Wait, who?” wide receiver, now you have a chance.
Lloyd seems to be benefiting from when Kyle Orton, lacking in the neck beard department this season, throws one out there. He’s had five and six receptions respectively in the last two weeks with 124 yards and a score this past week. He just might be a decent WR3 option at this point when the Neckbeard, ahem, excuse me, Kyle Orton is passing the ball against weak defenses — they still probably won’t let him come out to play much against the good guys.
Matt Jones, WR Jacksonville Jaguars
Sigh…he’s made the jump. I really hoped I could ignore the coke fiend until he dropped off the map, but he really does seem like he can carry a role in the passing offense for Jacksonville this year. If what they are saying is true, the pass-first offense in Jacksonville that Garrard could lead after their bye week rest could utilize a guy like Jones-y. Pick him up if you need him; just don’t talk to me about him.
Bobby Engram and Deion Branch, WR Seattle Seahawks
They are supposed to return Week 5, but Branch might be seen in Week 4. If they aren’t on a roster, make it so. Hasselbeck needs them like I need cake, and I NEED cake.
Ones to Watch — Guys to be cautious about, but get them if you need them
Damon Huard, QB Kansas City Chiefs
It’s Huard’s turn to try and right the ship for Kansas City. Thigpen didn’t “wow” with his INT-heavy performance last week. Huard is still an emergency or bye week option unless he has Dwayne Bowe on his fantasy team. You don’t really want to have Chiefs on your fantasy team unless you’re forced into it. My deepest condolences to all the Kansas City Chiefs’ mothers playing fantasy.
Trent Green, QB St. Louis Rams
Well, if you were impressed by what Bulger could do in this offense, wait until you see what Green can do. I think there’s already an over/under in Vegas for how many snaps he gets to take before his next — and possibly final — concussion. Green playing for the Rams might be the worst player decision (from a health standpoint) all season — including Merriman almost playing the entire season on a floating pile of knee.
Billy Miller, TE New Orleans Saints
Miller benefits from Shockey being injured, but he won’t do much for fantasy. He’s worth keeping an eye on while Shockey and Colston are down and out, you know, for kicks or something.
LeRon McClain, RB Baltimore Ravens
Another “wait and see” sort of guy that you can jump on now if you need some RB help. He carried some of the load while McGahee was out, and he got another decent dose on Sunday when McGahee got cut (as in bleeding, not from the team). As long as the starting two RBs (McGahee and Ray Rice) don’t turn into big bleeders, McClain will probably drop back into a TD vulture or short yardage guy. We know that the Ravens are going to run the ball A LOT with Flacco under center, so he’s got some value in the range of Michael Pittman, which isn’t terrible at the moment. Two touchdowns is nothing to forget about.
Miles Austin, WR Dallas Cowboys
You guys know that I don’t think a ton of popcorn-fingers Patrick Crayton. Austin’s a speed guy and more likely to assume a complimentary role to Terrell Owens than Sam Hurd, who T.O. sort of took under his wing as his backup. Crayton won’t disappear, but Austin could take looks away from Crayton when the Cowboys put three receivers on the field. Miles racked up 152 yards and a score on just two receptions. His big play ability could earn him fantasy WR3 status.
Antonio Bryant, WR Tampa Bay Buccaneers
His value is dependent upon Brian Griese throwing as much as he did and Galloway’s injury. Two factors against your potential make you watch-worthy rather than snag-worthy. He assumes Galloway’s value as long as he’s a starter — not too shabby the way Griese is throwing. Take him if you are a Galloway owner, but you might be able to wait otherwise. He did have 138 yards against Chicago.
Justin McCareins, WR Tennessee Titans
If he is healthy and Justin Gage remains out this week, he might be the best receiving option the Titans have, which makes him pretty far down the list but he runs out on the field and tries to catch the ball. If you have a bye week in a deep league, you might not be able to be picky.
Jordy Nelson, WR Green Bay Packers
I got my eye on you, kid. Show me what those big hands can do, and you just might make a squad as my WR3.
And because rumors make friends in fantasy football…
Brady Quinn, QB Cleveland Browns
If Derek Anderson can’t get it done against Cincinnati, it might be the final nail in his fluke coffin. Quinn might get his shot.
Dan Orlovsky or Drew Stanton, QB Detroit Lions
Kitna hurt his knee in the last game, and the Lions might actually start looking towards the future. Orlovsky is the next guy in line, but Stanton’s got that bold “I’m supposed to be your guy” quality that screams “rebuilding.” In the immediate future, Orlovsky probably gets the judgment call in this one and tries to make up the 21-point deficit for the Lions. If you are deep at QB with a roster spot to spare, stash and grab. Whoever starts in Detroit is worthy of fantasy consideration just because they have so much invested in their passing game.
No one’s really worth ignoring at this point, so let’s talk…
Guys you should have taken by now:
Steve Slaton, RB Houston Texans — could be the guy in Houston moving forward
Chris Perry, RB Cincinnati Bengals — getting most of the carries and scored against two tough defenses already this season
Guys you can consider dropping:
Vernon Davis, TE San Francisco 49ers — Where are those two TE sets of dominance Mike Martz? Vernon Davis is not a starting TE anymore. Two big games with no-show performances. Bench until further notice or replace.
Ted Ginn, Jr., WR Miami Dolphins — I don’t think he knows he plays. Maybe he is just outrunning Pennington’s arm? If you can do better on the wire, you should.
Vince Young, QB Tennessee Titans — As much as I like him, you can afford to let him hang in the wind a few weeks until the QB situation shakes out for the Titans
Justin Fargas, RB Oakland Raiders — Injury or no injury, he might never get back on the field with Bush/McFadden there to tear things up
Alge Crumpler, RE Tennessee Titans — If you can find him on your roster, you are doing better than the Titans. They can’t find him on the field.
Kenny Watson, RB Cincinnati Bengals — not really threatening Chris Perry much right now
Kevin Jones, RB Chicago Bears — all they know is Forte in Chicago
Courtney Taylor, WR Seattle Seahawks — you know what will happen when Engram and Branch return
Alge Crumpler, Amani Toomer, Anthony Fasano, Antonio Bryant, Billy Miller, Bobby Engram, Brady Quinn, Brandon Lloyd, Brian Griese, Chris Perry, Correll Buckhalter, Courtney Taylor, Damon Huard, Dan Orlovsky, Deion Branch, Domenik Hixon, Drew Stanton, Dustin Keller, J.T. O'Sullivan, Jerramy Stevens, Jordy Nelson, Justin Fargas, Justin McCareins, Kenny Watson, Kevin Jones, LeRon McClain, Matt Jones, Michael Bush, Miles Austin, pickups, Rashard Mendenhall, Rudi Johnson, Steve Slaton, Steve Smith (NYG), Ted Ginn, Trent Green, Vernon Davis, Vince Young
Week 1 Hot Hands and Cold Shoulders
Start or Sit September 6, 2008 Jacob5 Comments
I’d like to do it up big for our start/sit coverage this season. Rather than just spouting off names, why don’t we add a little element of interactivity?
I’ll starting things off with a few players that could do it up big or stink this week, and you can drop any questions you have in the comments to have them answered before you have to set your roster.
I know we’re running a bit close to game time this week to get a lot of responses, but we’ll kick things off with the article format and then go from there.
Hot Hands
Joey Galloway: For some reason, Galloway always tears it up against the Saints. If you drafted as a WR3, regardless of how many times he makes you starting lineup throughout the year, he should make it there this week.
Detroit WRs: I am sure you own the jersey of one of the Atlanta cornerbacks, but they’re not exactly huge stars. The Detroit passing game should beat the Atlanta defense several times in this matchup. Roy Williams and Calvin Johnson should see a start.
Brett Favre/Jerricho Cotchery: Favre and Cotchery should connect a few times in Pennington’s revenge game down in Miami. While Pennington probably isn’t worth a mention, I’d put all your Jets in a starting spot this week.
Nate Burleson: As the only experienced receiver hitting the field this week for Seattle, Burleson should be the focus of Hasselbeck’s arm. Make sure you start him this week as he has his biggest chance to shine.
Kurt Warner: Geez. Warner starting against the 49ers. What doesn’t sound good?
Detroit D: Mostly because they are playing the Falcons.
Bubble Boys
Ryan Grant: It pains me to bubble Grant, but he has a lot against him this week. He faces Minnesota’s tough defense — that he tore up last year — but now he is without Brett Favre.
Minnesota will most likely game plan for Grant and let Aaron Rodgers get what he can. You might have drafted Grant too high to sit him this week, but if you have other good options, you might want to use them.
Darren McFadden: We’re not exactly sure how much time McFadden will have on the field this week, but considering how bad the Denver defense was against the run last year, you have to expect McFadden to blow some chances out of the water.
He’s a great flex play this week and a borderline RB2 unless you have another REALLY great option at RB. If you drafted him high and expected him to be the next Adrian Peterson, you don’t really have much choice in this one — although that was a bit silly of you.
Roddy White: White will start slow this season with Matt Ryan under center. While he might get some garbage points as Ryan tries to come back on Detroit late, he might not be worth starting this week until you see what Ryan can do. This game against Detroit will probably call for a lot of Michael Turner and not a lot of QB heroics.
Cold Shoulders
Marvin Harrison: I know he’s starting. I know. But you know he’s not the same guy. If you drafted him to be a top receiver, you might be stuck with him, but otherwise, wait on him to see what he’s going to do. This week will probably feature a lot of Addai anyway.
Ronnie Brown: Don’t do it. You should wait on this guy. He’s playing time is no guarantee as long as Ricky Williams is tearing it up. Let him ride the bench for awhile.
Derek Anderson: Let the birdies clear a bit this week from his preseason concussion. Cowboys added Adam Jones — formerly the Pacman — and a rookie to make their corners strong this season.
Lee Evans: He was up and down last season. Sit him this week to see which way he is traveling.
Chris Perry: Running against the Ravens could still be hard. You probably got him as a sleeper. Let him sleep this week.
Brett Favre, Calvin Johnson, Chris Perry, Darren McFadden, Derek Anderson, Jerricho Cotchery, Joey Galloway, Kurt Warner, Lee Evans, Marvin Harrison, Nate Burleson, Roddy White, Ronnie Brown, Roy Williams, Ryan Grant, Start or Sit
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Safe Kids: Keep your kids safe on your next trip
Texas Roadhouse Tip-A-Cop fundraiser
GivingCityAustin: Volunteer to help premies, babies with developmental delays, and their families
ICE raids: Know your rights
Today's forecast from the FOX 7 Weather team
Two killed in South Austin apartment fire
12 school impacted by AISD budget cuts
By Steven Sarabia, FOX 7 Austin
Posted Dec 12 2018 08:57PM CST
Video Posted Dec 12 2018 09:37PM CST
Updated Dec 12 2018 10:03PM CST
Glitch gives school bus violators a free pass
AISD asks parents to weigh in on sex ed curriculum
Rattlesnake slithers into class at Bowie HS
Leaders join forces to urge property tax relief..
Several Austin ISD schools may be closing. The district is facing a multi-million-dollar deficit is making budget cuts for the upcoming years.
District officials say this deficit is a combination of decreasing student enrollment and the massive amount of money the district has to give to the state. Right now they estimate 12 schools may be impacted by either closing their doors or combining with other campuses.
“We will be having more dialogue and community conversation around what are the strategies next year to realign budgets and address the deficit that we are facing in the school system,” said Dr. Paul Cruz the AISD superintendent. Right now the district is facing a multi-million-dollar deficit in their budget, estimated around 55 to 60 million, and cuts are needed to be made. “Some of the information here will change we're basing this on what we know today or what we've known for a few months but this is going to change based on new information,” said Dr. Cruz.
AISD is looking at all their schools and will be selecting 12 and either close their doors or combine them with other campuses. The district will be looking at each campus enrollment, the condition of the building, and transportation for the students in the area.
“It requires us to do a deep sort of analytical review and where we want to establish goals and where we want to balance out and it's something which could take a little bit more time,” said Nicole Conley Johnson the AISD chief of business and operations.
The district said they are facing this deficit due to two things.
Enrollment being down at about 6,000 students this year. And “Recapture” a state program where school districts like AISD give funds to help other school districts in the state. “This year under recapture will send 670 million dollars that equals keeping 40 cents to the dollar here,” said Dr. Cruz.
With the budget cuts AISD is expecting several positions to be impacted; anywhere from 150 to 200 for the next year. “That's not only teachers, that’s administrative staff clerical staff classified staff and teachers as well,” said Dr Fernando Medina the AISD chief human capital officer.
This doesn't mean people will be left without a job.
“We have confidence that we can shift our staff to where they are needed,” said Dr. Medina.
While the budget cuts are not final, the school district said they will be focusing on three major points moving forward. “One is about make sure all our schools are moving towards an exemplary level, a higher level of performance. Second is all students read on level by third grade and the third one is about paying teachers more so making sure we compensate teachers for the work that they do,” said Dr. Cruz. The budget is not final until June, during that time the school district will be talking to the schools and people for feedback.
With the legislative session just around the corner they also expect that to impact the budget as well.
By Jacqueline Sarkissian, FOX 7 Austin
The Austin Fire Department is investigating a deadly apartment fire. At least two people were killed in the early morning fire.
According to the fire department, the fire broke out around 4:30 a.m. on Monday, July 15 in the 2900 block of Barton Skyway. The two alarm fire was extinguished within 30 minutes, according to AFD.
After an initial search of the complex, firefighters said no one was hurt.
Overnight stabbing leaves two men injured
Austin Police are investigating a stabbing that left two men injured.
The stabbing happened early Monday morning near the intersection of South Lamar Boulevard and West Riverside Drive, according to police.
Investigators said the incident involved several transients.
City launches pilot program that aims to bring homeless Austinites weekly trash service
By Shannon Ryan, FOX 7 Austin
"I think we have all noticed that homelessness is increasing in Austin," said Taylor Cook, program manager for the City of Austin's service design lab.
Officials say with homelessness comes homeless encampments, and with those encampments comes trash. That is why the City of Austin is launching the violet bag pilot program to bring homeless Austinites weekly trash collection services.
"We wanna be able to leverage people who are experiencing homelessness, to help us solve those problems," Cook said.
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Profile Offices Offices Overview Ferretti Group is one of the world leaders in design, construction and sale of luxury motoryachts, with a unique portfolio of some of the most exclusive, prestigious brands in the nautical world...
Profile Offices Offices Overview The family shipyards of Royal Van Lent and Koninklijke De Vries Scheepsbouw established Feadship, together with De Voogt Naval Architects, in 1949. Feadship stands for First Export Association o...
Christensen Yachts
Profile Offices Offices Overview Built In America By The Northwest’s Finest Craftsmen Christensen yachts are expertly built of cored composite to ABSXA1-AMS & MCA Classification and Certification. Crafted with the same q...
Cerri-Baglietto
Profile Offices Offices Overview Baglietto group is made up of two shipyards; the traditional one is located in Varazze, while the one in La Spezia was purchased in 1999 in order to better meet the market’s demand as regards ...
Profile Offices Offices Overview Master Dutch shipbuilders since 1918 where Amels began its life as a builder of fishing trawlers, Amels surfaced in 1982 as a global brand leader in building luxury boats. Amels had been a membe...
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Regular Post
In Colombia for the national land registry geoportal
GeneGIS GI is strengthening its commitments in Central America with the “Soporte a la IDE Modernización de la Administración de Tierras” consultancy project for BSF SWISSPHOTO AG (Switzerland) on behalf of the Columbian government.
After the excellent results of the forestry management project in Honduras, GeneGIS GI has confirmed its commercial focus on the area, providing consultancy for the development of the first national land registry geoportal for Columbia’s central government.
Fast, efficient and cost-effective SINFI transcoding
With GeneGIS GI procedures and software, SINFI transcoding is fast, efficient and more cost-effective than the market average. So it’s not surprising that over the last six months, GeneGIS GI has acquired more than fifty new clients for this service in the “telecoms and fibre” sector and has also received its first orders in the gas and water networks sectors.
The new SINFI – the national federated infrastructure IT system created by the Italian Ministry for Economic Development – implements a new geographical and mapping format to collect service infrastructure data. To obtain ministry approval, local public service operators are required to transcode the data on the infrastructure they manage (pipes, power networks, fibre networks, etc.) to the new format.
CSI Piemonte asks GeneGIS GI for a service extension
CSI, the Piedmont regional authority’s IT consortium, has asked GeneGIS GI to extend the range of services it provides. The new activities require an additional number of GeneGIS GI professionals at the customer site, including specialists from the former Ise Net (a spin-off from Turin Politecnico, now merged with GeneGIS GI), who provide their specific expertise to the Piedmontese consortium.
“The merger of the four companies that form GeneGIS GI makes invaluable new skills available to our customers and enhances our tools and knowhow so that we can address the market more efficiently and competitively,” said the company’s technical director Massimo Galluzzi.
GeneGIS renews application management services for RETELIT
2017 september 19 – GeneGIS is continuing its collaboration – which began in 2014 – with the Infrastructure Sector of RETELIT, one of the leading Italian operators in telecommunication data services and infrastructure.
This year it has renewed its application management and data updating operating support services. New functions are also being developed for the geospatial resource management system, based on the G/Technology Fibre Optic Works application solution (Hexagon).
BiOlevano: GeneGIS GI develops new functions for supply chain workflow management
2017 september 7 – GeneGIS GI has resumed collaboration on the development of new web-based functions for management of the “BiOlevano” biomass power station in Olevano di Lomellina, in the Italian province of Pavia. The Olevano di Lomellina power station went into service in November 2012, with an installed power generation capacity of more than 21 MW. Using poplar woodchips from short-cycle crops, it produces around 138,000 MWh/year of clean energy, to meet the annual requirement of approximately 40,000 families Considering the full wood biomass growth and use cycle, this type of power station releases zero carbon emissions into the atmosphere.
The software application developed in 2013 by GeneGIS GI (known at the time as GESP) manages data relating to the entire supply chain workflow: data of the contracted firms, technical characteristics of contracts and supplies, felling programs for the various plots, information on biomass felling, transportation and delivery operations.
The reporting module analyses expected biomass flows and compares them with actual deliveries to the power station. The software also automatically generates the data required for AGEA certification of biomass quantities.
GeneGIS GI for RED, an operational dashboard for landslide and avalanche risks
2017 august 29 – GeneGIS GI is a partner on the Risk Evaluation Dashboard (RED) research project funded by the Aosta Valley Regional Authority, to develop an operational dashboard for management of avalanche and landslide risks.
RED aims to provide territorial management agencies with the information needed to conduct weighted predictive assessments on the type of mitigation action to take during checks and in an emergency.
Specifically, GeneGIS GI works with a helicopter transport company to conduct terrestrial surveys with laser scanners and oblique airborne photogrammetry.
The RED project will provide information and training courses for geologists, engineers and forestry specialists active in the Aosta Valley Region. The first 3-day “Summer School RED” ended on 7 July in Courmayeur with GeneGIS GI professionals acting as tutors.
“GeneGIS GI confirms its role as a key partner in territorial government and risk management,” said the company’s business management director, Gianni Casserà. “We have built extensive experience in this sector through operations in many fields.”
“Slow Campania”, GeneGIS GI to develop the web platform
2017 juy 20 – GeneGIS GI has been awarded the contract for the “Slow Campania” project of excellence funded by the Campania Regional Authority and the Ministry for Culture and Tourism. The aim is expand the Region’s tourism offer with proposals relating to religious assets, integrated with existing nature and tourist cycling itineraries. The “Slow Campania” output consists of a web platform, mobile applications and promotional/divulgatory material in multimedia and printed form.
“We are delighted with this result,” said GeneGIS GI president Stefano De Capitani. “It consolidates our expertise in the conservation and enhancement of cultural assets, an area where we have already been active on a number of fronts, in Italy and abroad. The knowledge that our contribution is helping to enhance Campania’s important cultural and religious heritage is another source of satisfaction.”
GeneGIS is part of the GNSS raw measurements task force
16 june 2017 – With the release of GNSS raw measurements for the Android environment, GSA has formed a task force to involve leading players in the positioning and GIS industry and increase innovation in the sector.
The aim of the task force, which was launched in June 2017, is to share knowledge about Android raw measurements and its use, including its significant potential for measurement with a high degree of accuracy.
The task force includes GNSS experts and scientists, and promotes wider use of these raw measurements.
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Psycho music for mature students
itinerary here
EMOTIONAL RETURN TO THE UK :( / :)
LIFE SHOWS!!
08/05/2017 //
--GIG ANNOUNCEMENT--
Girls Girls Girls will perform two shows in the North of England this summer. These performances will form the 'Girls Girls Girls Northern Powerhouse Summer Camp Tour 2017'. Dates:
THU AUG 10 - MANCHESTER // Night & Day Café
FRI AUG 11 - BRADFORD // Black Swan
The band will also use this brief respite from their tri-national existence to work on new material for a new album, due to be recorded and released at some point before the decade's end.
-CHANGE OF VENUE FOR SHOW TONIGHT--
Our show tonight (Thurs 30/3) in Edmonton has moved venue. It will now take place at The Almanac, 10351 82 Ave NW. Cheers!
Herewith Facespack pages for upcoming shows:
Saskatoon: https://www.facebook.com/events/1800654680257212/
Lloydminster: https://www.facebook.com/events/701586236669500/
Regina: https://www.facebook.com/events/1399273253465087/
Lethbridge: https://www.facebook.com/events/1828162077434065/
Full tour: https://www.facebook.com/events/167742093741682/
--TOUR ANNOUNCEMENT--
Girls Girls Girls will play shows in Western Canada this Spring 2017. Dates:
Thu Mar 30 - EDMONTON // Bohemia
Fri Mar 31 - SASKATOON // Vangelis Tavern
Sat Apr 1 - LLOYDMINSTER // The Root (w/ A Rancher's Son)
Thu Apr 6 - REGINA // Artful Dodger
Fri Apr 7 - LETHBRIDGE // The Slice (w/ Supervoid)
Sat Apr 8 - CALGARY // Dickens
To celebrate, check out our new soundcloud playlist 'Six Key Tracks', featuring songs from across the catalogue:
https://soundcloud.com/girlsgirlsgirlsb…/sets/six-key-tracks
Albums available in full from http://girlsgirlsgirlsband.bandcamp.com Facebook: http://facebook.com/girlsgirlsgirlsband
02/20/2017 // What does a band have to do to get a ................... Not that. Our make up artist has quit, citing "artistic differences". Please make contact via our facebook page if interested in applying our black hearted make up.
01/15/2017 // We are busy. December and January have seen us book an early 2017 tour as well as begin writing new songs for whatever the next album is going to be called. Working titles include "As Good As It's Gonna Get" and "Given Up". We've also managed to dither around in our archives and upload a very nice video from Bangfest 2016. Here it is!
11/21/2016 // Some things happen. Some things don't. Your Girls exist in the middle. Following great shows in Brussels and Berlin this year, plans are afoot for more shows and a start on new recordings for 2017.
02/03/2016 // Despite being in three different countries, your Girls still manage to get things done. One wet and miserable weekend in January saw us shooting a video for an upcoming release. Shows are being booked for 2016. Tour dates are in nascent gestation for 2017 tours. Lots and lots of details to follow
Who r We? we r indepandInt
Vocals, Guitar / Hans Albers
Bass / Adrian Martineau
Drums, Flute / Chris Wilcox
email us... facebook
listen to us... bandcamp
watch us... youtube
08/11/17 - The Black Swan, Bradford, ENG
08/10/17 - Night & Day Cafe, Manchester, ENG
04/08/17 - Dickens, Calgary, CAN
04/07/17 - The Slice, Lethbridge, CAN
04/06/17 - Artful Dodger, Regina, CAN
04/01/17 - The Root, Lloydminster, CAN
03/31/17 - Vangelis, Saskatoon, CAN
03/30/17 - The Almanac, Edmonton, CAN
03/09/16 - Trickster, Berlin, DE
11/06/16 - Bang Bang Festival, Brussels, BE
04/10/14 - Rockwater Bar & Grill, Golden, CAN
03/10/14 - The Railway Club, Vancouver, CAN
01/10/14 - KCR Basement, Nelson, CAN
30/09/14 - Fernando's Pub, Kelowna, CAN
20/01/13 - Kinky Star, Gent, BE
19/01/13 - De Kliene Hedonist, Antwerp, BE
18/01/13 - Salle RTT, Brussels, BE
25/08/12 - The Knockerbox, Berlin, DE
02/08/12 - The Bull & Gate, London, UK
15/06/12 - The Wilmington Arms, London, UK
26/04/12 - Elite After 6, Penticton, CAN
Drinking Alone
Sancho Panza Gets a Latte
Zombie Sex Club
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Boy, 2, Discovered Useless Inside 110-Meter-Deep Properly In Spain After 13-Day Search
MADRID (AP) — Rescue crews in Spain early Saturday discovered the physique of a 2-year-old boy, whose fall right into a deep borehole 13 days earlier prompted a fancy and heart-wrenching search-and-rescue operation that had the nation holding its breath.
Julen Rosello fell down the slender 110-meter-deep borehole on Jan. 13 whereas his household was making ready a countryside Sunday lunch. Including to the household’s tragedy, Spanish media had reported that his mother and father had one other younger son who died of a coronary heart assault in 2017.
Julen’s stays had been discovered within the early hours of Saturday by rescuers digging a tunnel to succeed in him, mentioned Alfonso Rodriguez, the Spanish authorities’s consultant for the southern area of Andalusia. They had been accompanied by a member of the Civil Guard, which then took cost of eradicating the physique.
Rodriguez mentioned that the outcomes of the boy’s post-mortem would stay secret underneath a judicial fee following up with the accident’s investigation. The Civil Guard was investigating if the borehole had been made illegally.
The tragedy had gripped Spaniards from day one and the nation had adopted carefully each flip of an especially complicated operation, often hampered by layers of exhausting rock.
Spain’s King Felipe VI and Spanish Prime Minister Pedro Sanchez each provided their condolences to the household. “All of Spain shares within the infinite disappointment of Julen’s household,” Sanchez wrote on Twitter. “We’ve got adopted every step taken to succeed in him. We are going to at all times be glad about the tireless effort of those that labored to seek out him throughout nowadays. My help and heat to his mother and father and family members.”
Jose Rosello and Victoria Garcia, the mother and father of the 2-year-old boy who was trapped within the deep borehole.
The dry waterhole, solely 25 centimeters (10 inches) in diameter, was too slender for an grownup to get into and hardened soil and rock blocked gear from progressing to the place two-thirds of the best way down the place the toddler was trapped.
In the course of the practically two weeks of the ordeal, officers got here up with a number of different routes to the toddler. A collection of small explosions set off since Thursday afternoon, together with a fourth one late on Friday, helped the crews make their approach by means of a Three.Eight-meter (12 ½-foot) -long horizontal tunnel to the cavity.
Earlier than that tunnel could possibly be dug some 70 meters (230 toes) underground, a vertical shaft was drilled throughout days of painstaking engineering to carry miners and rescue consultants up and down.
The problem of the operation had prompted Jorge Martin, a spokesman with the Malaga province Civil Guard, to say: “We’ve got to be very cautious, right here the mountain is in management.”
Solely hair that matched Julen’s DNA was discovered within the borehole and no different verbal or visible contact had been established with him. Regardless of that, officers had refused to take a position over whether or not the boy might have survived so lengthy.
In one of many few media interviews the kid’s mother and father gave earlier than the physique was discovered, father Jose Rosello mentioned the household was “heartbroken” by the lengthy wait however hoping for “a miracle.”
El Pais reported that the couple had misplaced Julen’s older brother, Oliver, when the Three-year-old suffered a coronary heart assault throughout a stroll on the seashore two years in the past.
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Curtis G. Solsvig III
csolsvig@goldinassociates.com
‹ Leadership Team
Curtis G. Solsvig III has over 30 years of experience in the turnaround industry, both as a restructuring advisor and as an interim manager, CEO or CRO, in dozens of engagements. Curt has developed deep expertise in rapidly assessing troubled situations, formulating action plans and executing them to preserve and enhance liquidity and enterprise value. This includes revamping operations, cutting costs and making more efficient use of working capital, as well as implementing balance sheet solutions, such as raising new capital, disposition of assets, sale of some or all of the relevant business and restructuring in or out of court. Curt also has also worked on the buy-side as an operating partner, rendering him especially attuned to the needs of alternative investment funds and other entities holding interests in troubled enterprises.
At Goldin, Curt has worked on various matters, including serving as CRO of Lily Robotics, Inc., advising the Platinum Partners SEC-appointed Receiver and advising the Unsecured Creditors Committee in Real Industries. Curt has also worked with companies, including Quicksilver, Borders Books, Restoration Hardware, Manischewitz Foods, Atari, Cornerstone Propane and Ports America and has extensive expertise in the fund management business, including portfolio and financial management, fund administration and board-level supervision.
Before joining Goldin, Curt was a Managing Director at Strategic Value Partners, a distressed-debt hedge fund. At earlier points in his career, Curt was a Managing Director at AlixPartners and Alvarez & Marsal. He also founded and managed his own restructuring firm, Everett & Solsvig. Curt began his career at The Boston Consulting Group.
M.B.A. Harvard Business School
B.A., Economics, magna cum laude, Harvard College
Goldin Appointed Financial Advisor to Platinum Partners Reciever
GA Update, 07.21.2017
Goldin MD Solsvig Serving as CRO of Lily Robotics
Veteran Restructuring Advisor and Interim Manager Curtis G. Solsvig III Joins Goldin Associates
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Article in today's Telegraph
Author Topic: Article in today's Telegraph (Read 1969 times)
I'm not a subscriber - anyone got a link to it?
shirley_villan
Re: Article in today's Telegraph
The inside story of how Aston Villa restored pride, hope and a sense of identity
Grealish has won hearts and minds in the claret and blue half of Birmingham
John Percy
24 MAY 2019 • 10:34 AM
It was on Friday 25 May, the day before Aston Villa’s Championship play-off final against Fulham last year, when the scale of their financial crisis really hit home.
A letter from HMRC had arrived at Villa’s offices, warning that the club would be wound up unless they paid a £4.2million tax bill, 24 hours before the most crucial game of the
Those monetary worries would have disappeared if Villa had won at Wembley, but a 1-0 defeat plunged them deeper into trouble and facing the very real threat of administration.
A compromise was frantically agreed with HMRC, yet the dire cash-flow issues of Dr Tony Xia remained. The future of one of English football’s founder members was uncertain, perhaps even in doubt.
Twelve months later, the picture could not be more different. Villa are preparing for another shootout in the play-off final, yet the financial outlook is now healthy and whatever happens at Wembley on Monday afternoon, the future is bright.
Since the £50million majority takeover by Nassef Sawiris and Wes Edens in July – when 40 accountants were holed up at Villa Park poring over the books to complete the deal – stability has returned.
Dean Smith has overseen an Aston Villa resurgence with John Terry as his right-hand manCREDIT: GETTY IMAGES
So has the feel-good factor, with the storm clouds that hovered ominously for weeks after that Wembley defeat removed.
The appointment of lifetime fan Dean Smith as head coach in October was crucial, reuniting a disenchanted fan-base and generating a tidal wave of optimism.
The 48-year-old has provided the jump leads for this season, taking Villa to within one game of a Premier League return. He has restored pride, hope, and perhaps most importantly, an identity.
Living four miles away from Villa Park in Great Barr as a kid, Smith has already made history at the club he supports after guiding them to 10 wins in a row earlier this year.
He does not deserve to be a supporting cast member in the ‘Frank Lampard vs. John Terry’ narrative on Monday afternoon.
After Steve Bruce’s dismissal, Smith quickly emerged as the No 1 choice for Christian Purslow, Villa’s chief executive, at a time when Thierry Henry, Rui Faria and Brendan Rodgers were also under consideration.
He was identified by Purslow due to his track record of playing attractive football, bravery in utilising youngsters and willingness to work within a continental structure. He also bleeds claret and blue, which was an advantage.
Working closely with Terry and long-time assistant Richard O’Kelly, Smith has transformed the mindset at Bodymoor Heath. The focus is always on how Villa can hurt teams, not to worry too much about the strengths of opponents.
Smith has been a figure of calm through the highs and lows (it’s easy to forget Villa only won three league games from December to February) and brought the best out of a squad which was inhibited under Bruce.
John McGinn is a cult hero, a ridiculous bargain at £2.5m, and the scorer of that outrageous ‘worldie’ against Sheffield Wednesday in September.
Chelsea loanee Tammy Abraham has scored 26 goals as the focal point of Villa’s attack. Tyrone Mings has been a revelation, totally in tune with Villa since joining on loan from Bournemouth in January, and it is now almost impossible to imagine him playing for another club.
There are other key players too, such as the vastly experienced and underrated Glenn Whelan, and Conor Hourihane with his propensity for scoring crucial goals.
It is Jack Grealish, however, who is the heartbeat of this team. He has matured remarkably over the past 12 months, as demonstrated on that day at St Andrew’s when he was assaulted and later scored the winner.
Since returning from a shin injury in March, Grealish has been captain and Villa have won 10 out of the 12 games. He is flourishing as the main man and is widely regarded as the best player in the Championship.
Spurs procrastinated all summer to sign him last year, but Grealish is deserving of the Premier League stage. Some people outside of B6 still do not grasp how good he actually is.
Jack Grealish has thrived with the captaincy CREDIT: PA
More than 30 of his family members will be at Wembley on Monday – including five flying in from Australia - and thoughts of Grealish’s grandmother, Maggie, who passed away last month, will not be far his mind. The prospect of helping guide his beloved Villa to the Premier League will be a huge pull for the 23-year-old.
Inevitably, Villa fans will be wondering what happens if the play-off final ends in defeat. That question will be for another day, but sales are inevitable to comply with the Football League’s financial rules should Derby emerge as winners.
What is certain, however, is that there will be no repeat of last summer’s chaos. There will be no doomsday scenario.
Sawiris and Edens have already pumped over £70million into the club to build strong foundations for the future, and are in for the long haul.
As for Smith, at his previous club Brentford he rebuilt his squad every year due to player departures and still managed to remain competitive.
But to flip it the other way, victory over Derby will only continue the resurgence and upward momentum.
The defeat at West Brom in the second leg apart, their recent form has been formidable and they will unquestionably be favourites against a team they beat twice in the Championship, scoring seven goals without reply.
Promotion will end a three-year exile and return Villa to what they believe is their rightful place.
From one of the darkest periods in the club’s recent history, now there is hope. Villa are Prepared.
Will Aston Villa win promotion on Monday? And how would they get on in the Premier League next season if so? Tell us your thoughts below.
« Last Edit: May 24, 2019, 02:29:59 PM by shirley_villan »
TheMalandro
Good editing , Shirley .
Quote from: TheMalandro on May 24, 2019, 02:37:12 PM
Nobody noticed!
Villa are Prepared.
Location: Down south now. Born in Aston.
Nice stuff. Please win.
ADVILLAFAN
Location: Yardley/Shirley
Claret and Blue half of the city? More like 9/10's
tomd2103
Key line for me - "victory over Derby will only continue the resurgence and upward momentum".
After a fair few years of misery, it does feel,like the club as a whole has turned the corner. Win Monday and make some good signings over the summer and there will be a real buzz about the place.
« Last Edit: May 25, 2019, 01:12:42 AM by tomd2103 »
Indeed. Living then in London, caught up in the exquisite stress of trying to sell and find a new home, working a lot of hours including weekends: it meant I just couldn’t face more Steve Bruce. I didn’t go this season until Deano’s first two games.
It was still then a long gap until the next, but the hope and confidence in not just good hearted but good headed leaders was unfamiliar.
I so so hope we get what I do feel we deserve Monday, but even if we don’t I won’t go into next season like I did this, I’ll know we gave it a right good go, and feel connected again. I’ve been like an excited 12yr old trying to get and since getting a tkt, even the Mrs has felt the Villa pull begrudgingly.
Spent too long on here but really grateful to this place too.
Really nice article. Some great points made in there. It's rare that a London/Manchester based national newspaper give any Midlands club more than a glancing review. This was an accurate well thought out article. It would seem we are ruffling a few feathers. Long may it continue.
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Board Index > Infinitas RP > Approved Characters > CS: Kat
Page 1 of 1 - 1
EntropiKat
CS: Kat
Last Edited: 11:53 PM
Approved: 11:35 AM
Full Name: Kat
Species: Thermic Elemental
Player: EntropiKat
Physical Profile:
- Hellcat (Rare/Never used, Exotherm)
Height & Weight: 162cm, unknown
Character Build: Curvy
Body Type: Bipedal
Usual Scent: Ozone, the smell of an impending thunderstorm
There are people that are said to brighten a room just by being there. This is the case of someone taking that expression literally. Standing tall and proud, this humanoid rendition of a sabertooth tiger is composed almost entirely of swirling plasma glowing in violets and streaked with reds and oranges. Her hands and feet are clad in a dark slag, cracks glowing with the same intense colors as the rest of her, and these coverings extend in fragments towards her elbows and knees. More of the same dark material has collected around her hips, her shoulders, and in dreadlock-like strands of hair. Her eyes are completely white, hints of an ultraviolet glow forming a feline iris to those looking carefully. Instead of horns, like her caracal form before, Kat has an impressive pair of fangs befitting her chosen form, made of a blackened metal similar to that of her hands, feet, and hair. She's just as curvy as she's ever been, and hasn't found a reliable way to wear clothing without it simply burning off. Fortunately for the censors, however, there's nothing to gawk or stare at.
- Caracal (Endotherm)
Height & Weight: 162cm, 52kg
Apparent Age: 20s and 30s
Usual Clothing: Functional
Usual Scent: The brisk air after snowfall
In the world of anthropomorphics there’s a saying: That which stands up stands out. Namely, ears. Kat is an exemplar of this either by intent or accident. Her head is capped with two snowy white ears, streaked with hints of a coppery blue here and there and ‘tufted’ with long, narrow spikes of clear ice that refract and fragment the light that passes through their many facets and curl back like horns. Her hair, a deep black with streaks of snow crossing against the grain of what normal hair would be, rolls down between her shoulderblades before coming to a stop. Thick ‘horns’ of ice grow from her head, swept back starting from the crown of her head and continuing to the base of her skull, the thickest pair forming just behind the foremost. The horns themselves are pale in color, a similar blue to her fur, and have a similar prismatic effect to the tufts of her ears. Her face, especially given the look of her ears, identifies her as being at least loosely related to the caracal. Her fur is streaked and patterned with blues and whites, highlighting the contours of her face as if by design. Her eyes are themselves a vibrant purple ringed with violet, though they seem to have been plucked from within uncanny valley- perhaps they seem too glassy, or they don’t quite move correctly. Moving on from her slightly unsettling gaze to the rest of her yields a fairly pleasing form to behold. Her body is not without its curves and swells, giving the feline a soft, voluptuous figure. Her clothing speaks to a degree of modesty, tending to favor darker tones with the occasional accent of red or purple. Function over form, she's often in sturdy pants and a high collared work shirt, though these tend do be well fitted to her curves. Her tail is long and slender, curled behind her with the occasional icicle hanging from it. She keeps her pawed feet bare, likely because good shoes are hard to find.
- Frigid Tiefling (Endotherm)
Height & Weight: 160cm, 56 kg
Apparent Age: 20s-30s
Usual Clothing: Stylish, hints of sexy.
What was once a paradox of a desert cat made of ice is now.. a Tiefling made of ice. she's a voluptuous blue humanoid with four fingers, a whippy, spaded tail, and quite the impressive rack (of horns). They're a reptillian array, two-by-eight with the second rank back much more pronounced, and an additional two in line with them just to the outside.
She's adjusted to the new form with stride, putting an outfit together that highlights her curves: A short jacket, a short skirt, a camisole beneath the jacket, and a belt to tie everything together.
Thanks to where she got this new body, some of the ice she's made of has a distinct glow to it. It's been manipulated carefully to accentuate her features, highlighting her lips, cheeks, and belly. There's also a fair number of streaks up her arms and legs, where she pulled the water in in the first place.
- Items
- Heat Rocks
Stones imbued with a magical warming spell. Why an Ice elemental carries such things is cause for much eyebrow-raising.
- Weapons
A Selective Fire M14, capable of firing 7.62x51mm NATO or .308 Winchester, fed by a detachable 20 round box magazine.
Approximately 7lbs worth of ammunition and Magazines. Just enough to get things done.
Skills & Abilities
- Language Fluency
Supernal (Elemental Dialect)
- Vocational History
- Security Firm
Training only
- Education History
High school equivalent, plus lots of reading.
- Noncombat Skills
Map, compass, landmarks, and trail-finding. All at a journeyman level of expertise.
- Sewing
Got a wound that needs stitched up? Probably not going to heal pretty but it won’t bleed out. Got a pair of pants that’s tearing? Going to be obvious as a patch job, but it’ll hold as well as the rest of it. Give Kat enough time, a pattern, fabric, needle and thread? She’ll make something nice. Helps to know how to make your own clothing when you have a habit of changing your measurements.
- Comb Training/Skills/Experience
- Theoritical
Kat has only theoretical combat experience, with nothing more than the occasional sparring match under her belt
- Weapon Training
Kat has basic hand-to-hand training with focuses on jujutsu-inspired locks and throws, though her brittle nature prevents any focus on striking.
Additionally, Kat has sharpshooter qualifications with the M14 and the Colt 1911, as well as live fire drills of combat situations both urban and field.
Paranormal Abilities
- Ability List (7 abilities)
- Thermal Draw (Endotherm)
Kat’s primary source of ‘food’, her body constantly draws energy from the surrounding environment. Her body temperature sits at or around -60 celsius at her core, with her surface temperature fluctuating between -50 and 0. Using natural thermal conductivity, Kat draws thermal energy inward from the air around her (or anything touching her) and converts it to thaumic energy (magic/mana) to keep herself going. This absorption is rapid, and renders her functionally immune to fire or similar effects
This does not work at colder temperatures, meaning that Kat is paradoxically susceptible to Hypothermia. Additionally, she cannot completely consume and negate an arbitrarily powerful thermal event- just what's immediately available to her.
- Thermal Manipulation (Both)
Using stored energy, Kat can extend her reach and cause a sudden spike or drop in temperature in a limited area within her sight.
Increasing temperatures is incredibly expensive for Kat, as are more drastic reductions in temperature. Additionally, the larger the area, the more difficult these manipulations are to perform. The inverse applies while in an Exotherm phase.
- Magic User
Kat has been training with the local mages guild, and is now a novice spellcaster in all fields excepting those dealing with thermal energy and counterspells, where she excels due to her innate nature.
Her spellcasting is instinct-driven and lacks the finesse of more accomplished users of magic. She's inefficient, and tends to lean on her favoured areas.
- Magic Consumption (Endotherm)
During her studies, Kat has discovered she is in many ways similar to an Atronarch, able to consume magical energy around her.
This knowledge, combined with an attempt on her life, have led her to hone her ability to consume magic into a potent countermeasure to spellcasting. Not only can she drain the spell itself of its energy, but she can, if it's actively being cast or channeled, drain the caster's reserves directly.
This is anything but subtle, and the 'hunger' she experiences while using more advanced forms of this ability puts her at risk of overdoing it. Additionally, she does not 'negate' spells around her so much as deny them their needed fuel.
- Body of Ice (Endotherm)
As a thermal elemental, Kat’s body is comprised almost entirely of frozen material, typically water ice. If injured, she can reform damaged or destroyed portions of her body (albeit slowly)
While injuries like a broken or severed arm are much more quickly recovered from by Kat, and the lack of internal organs means puncture wounds can generally be shrugged off, a high-caliber round to her core (Or a few well-placed pistol rounds) can incapacitate her. Additionally, her body is brittle- sufficient impacts can shatter or completely destroy her body. Loss of limb is usually enough to put Kat out of action for a few hours (depending on energy reserves and availability of freezable liquid), while more extreme damage can take her days to recover from.
- Body of Fire (Exotherm)
In this phase, Kat's body is composed almost entirely of superheated plasma. As per Body of Ice, physical injury is shrugged off easily, with the additional benefit of being made of a nonrigid substance.
Being made of plasma has its own drawbacks. Where Body of Ice finds weakness against blunt force, it is possible to completely sever parts of Kat's plasma-body, dispersing the material and forcing her to expend a significant portion of her reserves - which she cannot replenish in this form - to replace the lost portions.
- Latent Antipsionics
At the time of her phase shift, Kat was wearing a very powerful antipsionic vest. In the process of absorbing the [REDACTED], she also absorbed the effects of the vest itself.
Kat is now significantly hardened against psionic effects, and can expend energy to mimic the benefits of the original anti-psi equipment on herself.
Character Background:
Kat is a Thermic Elemental. More specifically, she’s what’s known as an Endotherm. To most, this boils down to “Ice Elemental”. She’s comprised almost entirely of frozen material, usually water ice with some other particulates and fun stuff mixed in. With the strange appearance, spikes, and little motes of frost that like to orbit around her out of the way, she’s lived a fairly average life. At some point in her recent past, she took a job with a private security firm, got herself some training, and found she was a fair hand with a rifle. Training, however, is as far as she got. Her company never put her into the field, likely because they didn't want the liability of having an unknown factor in their operations (how exactly do you get an insurance company to provide health insurance for an inorganic being, or exempt said being from a company policy without serious audits?).
After finding that many decent organizations were unable to get around the whole “Not a living thing” issue and wouldn’t hire her, she decided to make the hop to another planet and try for a more interesting existence. This, of course, failed. She wound up headlong in a wormhole and is.. hopefully somewhere interesting this time.
- About Thermic Elementals
Thermic Elementals, endotherms in particular, tend to be paradoxical. An endotherm tends to manifest as living ice, but is not strictly an ice elemental. Their influence over their own manifest form is enough to move fluidly and with grace, but beyond that they do not have the ability to, say, make a living snowman or an elaborate castle. Often times an endotherm will attempt to assimilate into a culture or group that interests them, rather than seek out more of their own kind (A generally fruitless endeavour.) Thermic elementals are capable of traveling across spacetime at relativistic speeds with relatively terrible accuracy. More often than not, the thing that kills a Thermic is overshooting a planet and hitting the local supermassive and disappearing into the event horizon like so much space junk. Older thermics tend to drift lazily from planet to planet, star to star, consuming the thermal energy there to find before drifting off to somewhere warmer.
A Thermic is, typically, born via a sort of mitosis. A parent elemental consumes a dying star (which, often times, is dying because of the parent to begin with), and in doing so absorbs enough energy to split their being, creating a new elemental.
Kat is no exception, having chosen to live on a world with a reasonably advanced civilization and a lack of the flagrant xenophobia that tends to plague that stage of cultural development. That is, until she grew tired of her current location and made the hop to another world. Or so she thought. As it would turn out, she wound up caught by a wormhole that ferried her off to Infinitas. It’s not the worst outcome of a jump, but it’s certainly not what she’d hoped for.
- Name Spelling
Written K▽T
((THIS is the blue I’m talking about: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d8/Copper_sulfate.jpg ))
While Thermic Elementals are capable of interstellar travel, this is not a power Kat would have ready access to on Infinitas, as it would remove her entirely from the play area with no way to return.
Dec 1, 2018 11:53 PM
Re: Kat
Redefining abilities, limitations, etc.
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IIHF events - new and emerging National Teams
Thread: IIHF events - new and emerging National Teams
GeoffH
Wow, didn't expect Kuwait or Turkmenistan. Kuwait have been poor in recent years and it is hard to see why they want to play in the IHWC. Perhaps it's just a warm up for the CCoA. Turkmenistan seem to be ambitious and did well at the AWG. I'd expected them to play in the CCoA and sort out any IIHF eligibility issues before entering the IHWC.
Pity about Bosnia, perhaps they could get some sort of event organised with Macedonia, Greece, Portugal and Ireland. Money and an ice pad would be big problems though !
kaiser_matias
Originally Posted by GeoffH
Turkmenistan has the support of their dictatorial president, who said a few years ago he wants them to develop hockey. With it being of the calibre of North Korea, just with money from natural gas, it's possible for them to finance something like that. Which is also why Kyrgyzstan hasn't yet; they are a very poor country and don't have the money to spend on another tournament, unfortunately.
News congress
Namibia they withdrew! Further there are no new member or full members at this Congress.
Originally Posted by rowan
Think Namibia chose to play just inline and stay with the FIRS organisation.
With details now published for the forthcoming Challenge Cup of Asia we know which teams are entered for IIHF events this year.
There are 48 teams in the IHWC and 13 in the CCoA. Just the UAE are entered in both so there are a record 60, out of 77, IIHF members entered.
Looking at the remaining 17, I would classify them as follows ;
Affiliate members , just playing inline - 2 countries
Chile and Namibia. Both could develop an ice hockey team and perhaps Chile will soon play in Mexico's Panamerican event.
Formerly played in IIHF events - 3 countries
Armenia, Greece and Ireland have all found it difficult to maintain a national team since being excluded from The IHWC.
Planning / hoping to create a national team - 5 countries
FYR Macedonia, Morocco, Jamaica, Nepal and Portugal.
Playing in a non IIHF event - 3 countries
Indonesia, Argentina and Brazil.
Little or no sign of forming a national team - 4 countries
Andorra, Azerbaijan, Moldova and Liechtenstein.
Additionally 3 countries who are not members of the IIHF are playing in international competitions.
Iran, Colombia and Bahrain.
Good to see a lot of progress with national teams playing in international events.
A record 50 teams in the IHWC in 2017-18.
11 teams in the Senior CCoA. Just Kuwait playing in both IHWC and the CCoA, so 60 teams are scheduled to play in IIHF events.
Four IIHF members played in the recent Development Cup in Andorra.
Three other IIHF members played in this year’s Pan American event in Mexico and will hopefully play again in 2018.
That makes 67 active national teams. With 76 IIHF members, Namibia having left, there are just 9 inactive.
The 9 are ;
Kyrgyzstan is playing just U20 at the CCoA but will hopefully return at the senior level in 2019.
Armenia, FYR Macedonia, Greece and Liechtenstein have all had teams in the past and may be able to join the Development Cup.
Azerbaijan spends money on sport but disappointingly seems to have made no progress with Ice Hockey.
Jamaica has a team based in the US and Canada but no local ice surface to play on.
Nepal has plans to form a team but has only just started planning.
There is Ice Hockey in Moldova but this takes place in the Russian occupied zone.
jaaa
EUSSR :(
Thanks for the update, Geoff.
It is really nice to see that the number of team with IIHF involvement is growing. :)
25th of June 2015 - Worst day in the history of modern hockey in Slovakia
See you in 2019...perhaps...
Seems that Uzbekistan has plenty of money to invest
https://nationalteamsoficehockey.com...-rink-complex/
Hopefully IIHF membership and entry to the CCoA will follow. They could be hosts with that facility.
Pakistan could be the next member of the IIHF , article below by Steven Ellis
https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?f...3809662&type=3
Currently the team are run by Canadians of Pakistani descent but hopefully they can get a domestic program going.
With entries for events in 2018/19 now announced it is apparent that there have been gains and losses since last season.
There are a record 52 teams entered for the IHWC, 7 in the CCoA, 4 in the Development Cup and 5 in the LATAM Cup.
This means 65 IIHF member associations are represented in these events, as Mexico are in 2 events and Colombia and Venezuela are not members.
Kyrgyzstan are playing in the IHWC for the first time and FYR of Macedonia will make their competitive debut in the Development Cup.
Of the remaining 11 IIHF members ;
Morocco, India, Qatar and Chile all competed last year but have not been able to enter this season.
Greece and Armenia have competed in the past but for various reasons cannot compete currently.
Liechtenstein has played challenge games in Luxembourg in the past but doesn’t seem interested in the Development Cup.
Jamaica has a diaspora team in North America but no domestic game.
Nepal is trying to get the game started domestically.
Azerbaijan and Moldova don’t have credible associations.
Most likely newcomers to the IIHF are Uzbekistan and possibly Iran, although the latter were ruled ineligible for the AWG last year.
Colombia and Venezuela compete with diaspora teams.
Lebanon, Algeria and Tunisia have all fielded diaspora teams. Egypt have some domestic activity and have also played.
Saudi Arabia played in the 2010 GCC event but not since. They have recently designed a new kit !
Last edited by GeoffH; 02-11-2018 at 01:08.
I find it hard to get too excited about this
https://www.nationalteamsoficehockey...congress-buzz/
At least they are talking about introducing the game into Jamaica.
They are planning to play in the LATAM event in Florida with a North American roster.
I hope they paid their own way for the trip to Congress.
At least the Jamaican federation is no longer talking about participation in the next winter Olympics as their goal. Maybe they finally understand the IIHF eligibility rules a bit better.
Quick Navigation OTHER NATIONAL TEAM ISSUES Top
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[current season] [last season] [all seasons] [prizes] [wagering calculator] [help]
Suggest correction - #7525 - 2017-05-05
Fill in your contact information if you would like to be notified when your correction has been reviewed.
On the left you see the clue as it is currently displayed. Enter your correction on the right by editing the text directly. The top left field is the clue's value, either as given on the board, or, if a Daily Double, the value of the contestant's wager. If the clue is a Daily Double, check the checkbox to the right of this field. The top right field is the clue order number representing the order of the clue's selection amongst other clues in the round. The large blue field is for the clue text, which should be entered as closely as possible to how it appears on the show, with the exception that the words should not be all caps. Links to media clue files should be entered with HTML-style hyperlinks. Next come the nicknames of the three contestants in the form of response toggles: single clicks on the name change its color from white (no response) to green (correct response) to red (incorrect response) and back. Below this should be typed the correct response (only the most essential part--it should not be entered in the form of a question). The bottom field on the right is the clue comments field, where dialog (including incorrect responses) can be entered. (Note that the correct response should never be typed in the comments field; rather, it should be denoted by [*].)
A polo field is 160 yards wide & this many yards long, so Tom Brady would have to do 3 times the work
$ DD? #
Ragavan Rich Seth
Correction comments
Show #7525 - Friday, May 5, 2017
Seth Madej, a writer from Los Angeles, California
Rich Steeves, a manager of commercial support content from Norwalk, Connecticut
Ragavan Ramsubramani, a financial analyst from New York, New York (2-day champion whose cash winnings total $41,602)
Jeopardy! Round
A MARBLE-OUS CATEGORY
RECIPE ORIGINS
SECRETARIES OF STATE
CREATURES IN MOVIE TITLES
2 OUT OF 3 AIN'T "BAD"
(Alex: Each response will be 3 words. One of those words will be "bad." The other two ain't.)
Michelangelo was just 23 when he carved this sculpture of the Virgin Mary cradling the crucified Christ
In the 1920s Italian chef Signor Cardini created this salad at his restaurant in Tijuana, Mexico
George & Lennie have dreams of living off the fat of the land in this Steinbeck tale
Lieutenant governor of Massachusetts is among his prior jobs
Sam Raimi directed this 2002 superhero film & 2 sequels
Proverbially, it is said to spoil the whole bunch (or barrel)
It's said that Shah Jahan intended to build a black marble mausoleum for himself across from this white marble one
Mrs. Wakefield invented these in Whitman, Mass. when she added cut-up chocolate bars to butter-cookie dough
In "Les Miserables" he's imprisoned for 19 years after stealing a loaf of bread
This Secretary was born in Prague
Mila Kunis plays a rival to ballerina Natalie Portman in this 2010 psychological thriller
Disney Channel had a movie called this, when your coiffure just won't cooperate
(Sarah of the Clue Crew gives the clue from the National Mall.) Today, the Washington Monument unites us in patriotism, but as you can see from the different colors of marble used, it took many contentious decades to build, finally being dedicated 20 years after the end of this major historical event
This oyster dish was said to be named for John D. because it too was so rich
Dostoyevsky drew on his own experience in prison to write this 1866 masterpiece
He served in the U.S. Army in 1943, the year he became a citizen
DD: $1,000 4
The title of this film refers to Tom Booker (Robert Redford), who uses his patient ways to cure Pilgrim
This song by CCR says, "Looks like we're in for nasty weather"
Both the exterior & interior of this sacred Islamic shrine in Jerusalem are decorated with marble & mosaics
This "colorful" salad dressing with parsley, chives & tarragon was created at the Palace Hotel in San Francisco
This character says, "I keep picturing all these little kids playing some game in this big field of rye"
Seth Rogen took on the role of Britt Reid in this 2011 superhero film
BCD is short for this not-so-great way of getting out of the military
$1000 24
Here's one of the white marble bridges over the Golden River in this Imperial Palace complex in Beijing
This banana dessert was created at Brennan's in New Orleans & named for a pal of the owner
$1000 7
This novel is about Ignatius J. Reilly, the Don Quixote of the French Quarter
He took the job in 1841 & again in 1850; maybe the devil made him do it
Ted Levine played the serial killer known as Buffalo Bill in this 1991 film
Henry is the first name of this naughty character created for newspapers in the 1880s
Scores at the first commercial break (after clue 15):
$800 $1,600 $3,000
Scores at the end of the Jeopardy! Round:
$2,400 $5,200 $4,800
Double Jeopardy! Round
Tourists are advised against baptisms in this river, believed to be the site of Jesus's baptism--it's too polluted now
To form an opinion (or a baby!)
Him in 2016: "I have only said like 10,000 times I will be a private citizen in January"; in June: gonna stay in the Senate
In 2004 this Spice Girl created her own line of jeans called VB Rocks
Before painting his mother, he used his mistress as a subject in "Symphony in White, No. 1: The White Girl"
DD: $3,000 28
A section of this 1,300-mile-long river forms the border between Venezuela & Colombia
A John Lennon classic, or to form a mental picture
Come for the canals, stay for the San Marco Basilica, begun in its original form in 829 A.D. in this city
When playing polo, this item that ranges from 49 to 54 inches long must be held in your right hand
A "Project Runway" judge for many years, he designed Michelle Obama's dress for her first official White House portrait
Dora Maar took pictures of him making "Guernica" & he used Dora as a model for "Weeping Woman" pieces
In Lisbon, the 25th of April Bridge spans this river
To postulate; when you do it, you make the first 3 letters out of the last 3
Chef Marco Pierre White said he turned this "Hell's Kitchen" star, then a young employee, into a blubbering wreck
At halftime, spectators head onto the field to stomp these, also a term for clods gouged out by golfers
In 1937 Elsa Schiaparelli's new color, a shocking shade of this, was the sensation of the fashion world
Rosa La Rouge was a favorite model of his from the Paris brothels where he sometimes lived & worked in the late 1800s
The Dniester & this river with the same first 4 letters are both said to get their names from the Sarmatian language
The "J" in the Navy's JAG, it also means to form an opinion
Young Marco gets quite imaginative in Dr. Seuss' "And to Think That I Saw It on" this thoroughfare
This man seen here hit the field for Cambridge as an undergrad and raised millions playing solely for charity
The 1920s were busy for this Parisian designer; she launched her first perfume & introduced her legendary suit
Jonathan Buttall probably sat for this 1770 painting, but it could have been Gainsborough Dupont, the artist's nephew
It's Africa's second-longest river, after the Nile
If you have sense perception, you are said to be this, from the Latin sentire, "to feel"
"The Travels of Marco Polo" is also known by this numerical title
Like golf, polo uses this rating system, which ranges from minus-2 to 10, 10 being given to the best players
Known for his red, white & blue logo, he created a style of fashion known as "classic American cool"
Van Gogh's portrait of this homeopath includes some foxglove, likely to be used medicinally
Scores at the end of the Double Jeopardy! Round:
$10,000 $12,000 $13,000
Final Jeopardy! Round
In 2016 Elizabeth II became the world's longest-reigning living monarch when this country's king died after a 70-year reign
Final scores:
$13,001 $0 $1,999
3-day champion: $54,603 3rd place: $1,000 2nd place: $2,000
Game dynamics:
Coryat scores:
16 R,
(including 1 DD) 14 R,
2 W 18 R
(including 1 DD),
(including 1 DD)
Combined Coryat: $38,200
[game responses] [game scores] [suggest correction]
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(Natural News)
Sen. Josh Hawley (R-MO) has emerged as the leading reformer against social media censorship, as he is going after their special immunity privileges under Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act.
(Article by Shane Trejo republished from BigLeaguePolitics.com)
As it states right now, Section 230 states that “no provider or user of an interactive computer service shall be treated as the publisher or speaker of any information provided by another information content provider.”
Howley’s bill, the Ending Support for Internet Censorship Act, would remove that exemption for Big Tech firms if they act like publishers instead of neutral platforms. Corporations would have to comply with external audits proving their algorithms and content moderation are not biased.
“With Section 230, tech companies get a sweetheart deal that no other industry enjoys: complete exemption from traditional publisher liability in exchange for providing a forum free of political censorship,” Hawley said in a statement. “Unfortunately, and unsurprisingly, big tech has failed to hold up its end of the bargain.”
“There’s a growing list of evidence that shows big tech companies making editorial decisions to censor viewpoints they disagree with,” Hawley added. “Even worse, the entire process is shrouded in secrecy because these companies refuse to make their protocols public. This legislation simply states that if the tech giants want to keep their government-granted immunity, they must bring transparency and accountability to their editorial processes and prove that they don’t discriminate.”
The Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF), the left-leaning civil liberties organization, warns against changing the regulations.
“Though there are important exceptions for certain criminal and intellectual property-based claims, CDA 230 creates a broad protection that has allowed innovation and free speech online to flourish,” the EFF added on their website.
“This legal and policy framework has allowed for YouTube and Vimeo users to upload their own videos, Amazon and Yelp to offer countless user reviews, craigslist to host classified ads, and Facebook and Twitter to offer social networking to hundreds of millions of Internet users,” they added.
Read more at: BigLeaguePolitics.com
Source Article from http://www.naturalnews.com/2019-06-19-josh-hawley-moves-to-end-immunity-privileges-for-big-tech-monopolies.html
Dominic Raab: We’re “Toast” Unless We Deliver Brexit
Former Brexit Secretary Dominic Raab has warned that the Conservative Party “will be toast” if
Chris Hedges: No future for our grandchildren unless we ‘overthrow corporate power’ (VIDEO)
Appearing on George Galloway’s political talk show ‘Sputnik’, Hedges decried how the “psychopaths” who run
Leftist Professor Who Predicted Last 9 Presidents Says Trump Will Win 2020 Unless Dems Impeach
An American professor who has correctly predicted the last nine president elections says that Trump
EU will dissolve like Soviet Union unless Europeans ‘wake up’, George Soros warns
Pro-EU political parties must rally support ahead of crucial European Parliament elections in May, the
‘Cleanse them’: Turkey threatens to send troops to Syria’s Manbij unless US removes Kurdish militias
The threat, delivered during a speech in Istanbul, ramps up Erdogan’s rhetoric targeting the YPG
Posted in World News Tags: hawley, immunity, monopolies, moves, privileges, protect, unless
« America’s Independence and The Three Cities Empire
Scientists discover that Earth’s magnetic field functions like a drum; impulses ripple along its surface »
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Prenatal sex and other preferences for reproductive career of final year graduation girl students
Yugantara R Kadam, Prachi Nirmale, Alka D Gore
Department of Community Medicine, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University Medical College, Sangli, Maharashtra, India
Date of Web Publication 31-Dec-2013
Yugantara R Kadam
Department of Community Medicine, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University Medical College, Sangli, Maharashtra
Background: Marriage of girls just after graduation is common in Western Maharashtra. This study was planned to know the views of final year graduation student towards reproductive carrier. Aim: To interact with final year girl students of various streams to know their preferences on various aspects of reproductive carrier and contraceptive awareness. Material and Methods: Study-design: Cross-sectional. Study-setting: Academic institutes of Sangli-Miraj-Kupwad Corporation area. Study-subject: All willing final year Girl students. Exclusion Criteria: Married girls. Sample size: All final year girl students Sampling Technique: Cluster sample Study-Duration: 7 months. Study-tool: Pretested questionnaire. Statistical Analysis: Percentages, Chi-square test. Results: All girls who have responded prefer marrying and having first child at right age. All feel spacing is needed, at least of 2 years. Two children was the most common choice (52.3%). Forty-three percent girls feel male child is must and 52.3% of total girls will like to have sex determination done if required. Total 47.24% girls were unaware about any contraceptive methods but 88.2% girls knew the place of its availability. Most common source of information about contraceptive was school and friends. E-pill was known to 41.5% of girls. All girls felt the need for more information about reproductive health and according to 81.3% right age for it is 15-18 years. Conclusion: Girls have correct reproductive preferences except sex of child. Sex preference and Low contraceptive awareness needs strong intervention.
Keywords: Prenatal sex determination, reproductive carrier preferences, sex selective abortion
Kadam YR, Nirmale P, Gore AD. Prenatal sex and other preferences for reproductive career of final year graduation girl students. J Family Med Prim Care 2013;2:339-44
Kadam YR, Nirmale P, Gore AD. Prenatal sex and other preferences for reproductive career of final year graduation girl students. J Family Med Prim Care [serial online] 2013 [cited 2019 Jul 15];2:339-44. Available from: http://www.jfmpc.com/text.asp?2013/2/4/339/123875
Family planning is a way of thinking and living that is adopted voluntarily and it depends upon the basis of knowledge, attitudes and responsible decisions by individuals and couples. The aim of family planning is to promote health and welfare of family and ultimately contribute to the social development of a community. [1] The United Nations Conference on Human Rights at Tehran in 1968 recognized family planning as a basic human right. The same view was endorsed in Bucharest Conference on the World Population held in 1974. In the next year itself in 1975, the World Conference of the International Women's year declared that it is the right of women to decide freely and responsibly on the number and spacing of their children and for that they should have access to the information and means to enable them to exercise that right. [2]
India is the first country to launch a nation-wide family planning program in 1952. Even though the role of women in society is still considered to be secondary, Indian constitution has given equal status and rights to women. Opportunities for education are provided for girls, which show improvement in female literacy status. In this given situation are the girls really taking free and responsible decisions regarding family planning? This question is really important when it comes to prenatal sex determination and non-medical sex selected abortion.
To know the opinions of girls regarding the desired number of children, their sex and about spacing this study was planned. Marriage just after graduation among girls is common in Western Maharashtra. This study was planned to know the views towards reproductive career of final year graduation girl students. This part of Maharashtra is facing the problem of adverse sex ratio for females.
That is why this study was planned with the aim of interacting with final year graduation girl students of various streams with following objectives.
To know their view on preferable age of marriage.
To identify the age at which they are willing to have first pregnancy.
To find out their preference for the sex of child and family size.
To assess their awareness regarding various contraceptives.
To know their need for reproductive health education.
This was a cross-sectional study conducted in various academic institutes having graduation courses in different fields. Study subject were final year girl students. All the graduation courses available in the Sangli, Miraj and Kupwad Corporation area were enlisted. Then colleges were grouped according to courses they are providing. The courses included were Arts, Commerce, Science, BBA, BCA, Ayurved (BAMS), Homeopath (BHMS), MBBS, Pharmacy, Engineering and Law. One college of each course was chosen. When more than one college providing the same degree course was available then the college was selected by random selection. All final year girl students from selected colleges were included in the study. Data was collected from July to December 2010. A proforma suitable for the study was prepared with the help of experts' guidance and re-viewing published studies. A pilot study was conducted for pretesting proforma. With appropriate changes, proforma was finalized and then final study was conducted. Principals of all the selected colleges were contacted personally. They were provided with information regarding aim and objective of the study along with proforma and permission was sought. With prior appointment a meeting was arranged with the girls in the room provided by college management. Girls were first introduced to study and were assured about its confidentiality. They were told that participation in the study is voluntary and there is no need to write the name on the proforma. Investigator explained the questionnaire in detail and also the need of unbiased answer. Girls were provided with the questionnaire and asked to answer appropriately. Statistical analysis was performed by using percentages and Chi-square test.
Institutional Ethical Committee Clearance was obtained.
A total of 597 girls of ages between 19 and 33 years participated in the study. Most common age group was 20-21 (63.7%) years. There were total 12 (2.01%) girls with age more than 25 years. 94.1% were from the urban area and 72.5% were staying at home. Out of 597, 313 (52.43%) girls were doing basic graduation, which includes Arts, Commerce, Science, BBA and BCA streams. There were 52 (8.7%) girls from BAMS and BHMS colleges combined together under the heading of Ayurveda, Unani, Siddha and Homoepathy (AYUSH). The distribution of remaining girls was as follows: 146 (24.5%) girls from engineering, 24 (4%) from Dental, 23(3.9%) girls from MBBS, 19 (3.2%) girls from Law college and 20 (3.4%) from Pharmacy.
While answering to the preference for the age of marriage, 77.40% girls mentioned that they will like to marry after 21 years of age. Range for the age of marriage was 18-29 years. Majority of engineering, MBBS and Dental girls' preference for age of marriage was 24-25 years. Observed difference for the age of marriage in the various streams was statistically significant (χ2 = 54.676, df = 6, P = 0.00). Four (1.3%) girls didn't answer this question. As per the preferences provided by study subjects range for the age to have a first child varies from 20 to 30 years. According to 52.80% girls, they would like to have a first child before 25 years of age. However, the preference of majority of MBBS and Dental (82.60% and 83.30% respectively) girls to have a first child was after 25 years of age. The observed difference in the age at which to have a first child in different streams was statistically significant. Two girls did not respond for this question [Table 1].
Table 1: Reproductive preferences and stream wise distribution of girls
For the family size most common preference was to have two children (52.30%), followed by a single child. Single child preference was most common in basic graduation students (46%), but none of the MBBS student had given this preference. Preference for two children was most common in Law students. There were 29 (4.90%) girls who want to have three children and this preference was seen more commonly in MBBS students (5, 25.7%). But none of students from AYUSH, Law and Pharmacy were inclined for three children. This question was not answered by 26 (4.40%) girls, in them girls from basic graduation were more common [Table 1].
About 62.3% girls feel that spacing has to be up to 3 years. Preference for less than 3 years spacing was given by all MBBS girls. Preference for spacing more than 3 years was most commonly given by basic graduation girls (48.2%) [Table 1].
Nearly, 2% girls didn't answer for importance or reasons for spacing. According to 98% girls spacing is important for mother's health and/or child's health. The most common answer given (95%) was spacing is important for mother's health.
Out of 597 girls 315 (52.76%) had awareness regarding at least one spacing method. However, there were 199 (33.33%) girls, who have not answered for the question "do you know any contraceptive method?" Out of these 199 girls, 111 girls were from basic graduation stream, 74 from engineering and 12 from Law. A negative reply was given by 83 (13.90%) girls. Out of these 83 girls, 80 were basic graduation students and three were engineering students. It means 47.24% of girls were either unaware about any contraceptive method or reluctant to answer. Most known contraceptive was copper T (Cu-T) followed by oral contraceptive pills and then condom. Some of them have mentioned about terminal methods also, like tubectomy. Except the students of MBBS or AYUSH, all students of other streams were ignorant about the mode of action of various contraceptives.
Recent inclusion in the list of contraceptives is e-pill. About 41.5% of girls were aware about this contraceptive, but very few girls were aware about its advantage. Remaining girls either not answered or they were not aware. Percentage of unawareness was high among AYUSH students followed by engineering while all MBBS students were aware about emergency pill [Table 2].
Table 2: Stream wise distribution of girls having awareness of E-Pill
Most common answer for the place to get contraceptive was the pharmacy (336, 56.28%) followed by government hospitals (182, 30.48%) and private clinics (95, 15.91%). However, 70 (11.8%) girls were unaware about it.
Schools and colleges were the source of information about contraceptive for 275 (46%) girls, while 255 (42.71%) obtained information from mass media such as TV, radio, magazines and newspaper. Friends were one more source mentioned by them.
While answering for the preference for the sex of child, 55.40% girls mentioned that they did not feel that the male child is must. However, according to 43% girls at least one male child is must. All girls learning pharmacy mentioned they want at least one male child. For this question, nine girls have not answered [Table 1].
Girls were asked about their willingness for undergoing sex determination. For this question, 23 girls did not answered. Out of these 23, 20 were from basic graduation. Out of remaining 574, 300 (52.30%) have mentioned that they will like to have prenatal sex determination done if required. Highest percentage of girls from Law stream had shown a willingness for sex determination if required. Willingness for sex determination was lowest in MBBS girls. The observed difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 37.815, df = 6, P = 0.00) [Table 1].
Across all the streams, with the exception of engineering field, the number of girls ready for sex determination was less than those preferring at least one male child.
All girls, including MBBS students feel there is a need of more information about reproductive health and according to 81.3% right age for it is 15-18 years.
Girl entering in the marital life must be able to take correct decisions regarding her reproductive carrier, family size and its sex composition. It is very interesting to know whether positive changes in preferences for reproductive carrier has happened or not as literacy status of girls is improving. A total of 597 girls of 11 streams of varying colleges from corporation area were studied.
All girls were in favor of marriage after 18 years. One study mentions that awareness about age of marriage of 18 years was 75%. [3] However, this study was conducted in adolescent girls from slums. Majority of girls want marriage after 21 years of age may be as they remain busy in education until that age. Higher age of marriage, i.e., more than 21 years is preferred by 90-95% girls from professional colleges like Engineering, MBBS and Dental. The reason may be the more years are spent in education by them.
Women need the ability to decide when to start and finish child bearing, how long to wait after the birth of one child before becoming pregnant with the next and how many children to have. [4] To assess that girls were asked about their preference for age at which they would like to have a first child, total number of children, duration of spacing, etc. None of the girl wanted first child before 20. But more than 50% of girls wanted first child before 25 years of age. Girls from MBBS and Dental colleges preferred to have a first child at higher age, i.e., >25 years. Engineering students even though want to marry after 21 years of age prefer to have a first child before 25. All the girls from professional colleges except the law had given preference for spacing less than 3 years. As these courses are lengthy and most of them apt for careers immediately thereafter, it is a general trend to marry late and complete the family as early as possible.
For the family size most commonly given preference (52.30%) was "two children." Other studies have also mentioned similar type of findings like National Family Health Survey (NFHS3) study mentions 69% [5] and Dey Pal and Chaudhuri found 47%.0 [6] None of the MBBS student wanted to have one child.
For having desired number of children and duration of spacing between two births, contraceptive use is must. That is why girls must have information regarding contraceptives, i.e., names, place of availability etc. Cu-T, oral contraceptive pills were the most commonly known contraceptive. Similar types of findings are given by one study by Mahawar et al. even though it was carried on mothers of infants. [7] It has been observed that there is a significant association between contraceptive acceptance and literacy status. [8] About 33.33% of girls have maintained silence on the name of available contraceptive. It can be interpreted as either they are unaware or they do not want to communicate about the same. However, 88.2% of girls answered correctly for the place to get contraceptive. If this is so, this silence indicates girls don't feel free or had inhibitions even to mention the names of contraceptive methods. In this case, they had inhibition seems to be correct because girls who have either not answered or unaware about contraceptive methods were mainly from basic graduation, engineering or law where they are not taught about it in college. While in other streams contraceptive methods are taught in the colleges as part of the curriculum. If these would be mothers have to adopt contraceptive methods in the future they have to be equipped with the knowledge so that they can use contraceptives or feel free to enquire and use them. It indicates the need of inclusion of contraception awareness in formal education system. Similar type of view had been expressed by Guria et al. [9]
Awareness about e-pill was better than the study conducted in West Bengal. [9] It may be as this study was conducted on students of 11 th and 12 th standard girls and was conducted in 2009 and a lot of mass media is in use for the awareness of e-pill.
Use of contraceptives makes it possible to control the fertility and then the question of how many children are desired or preferred arises. This becomes an increasingly important factor in population growth. Measurement of such preferences is correspondingly important. [10] The preference for more than two children was lesser in the present study when compared to other. The reason for this might be that those studies were conducted on married women and also the educational background of the subjects was also dissimilar to the current study. [6],[11] According to NFHS3 desire for having at least one son was given by 71% of women of 15-49 years of age irrespective of educational status. Findings of this study are lower than this report. In spite of good educational status 43% of girls were having a desire for a male child. Similar findings are reported by Khandelwal et al. This study was conducted on married women of reproductive age group. [12] Among them students of Pharmacy, Law, Dental and AYUSH were most common. It indicates education is not the only determinant of attitude or desire for sex. When majority of these girls were in favor of small family norm and want male child this may lead to prenatal sex determination and non-medical sex selective abortion. When next question was asked regarding use of sex determination, percentage of girls saying yes was 52.3% that means 9.30% of girls have not disclosed their desire for male child. This percentage was remarkably high in engineering girls. Girls from all streams had shown willingness for sex determination. Even though percentage was less, MBBS girls also feel male child is must to complete the family and would prefer sex determination and non-medical sex selective abortion if required. The law students who have studied the Prenatal diagnostics techniques PNDTact were also in favor of a male child and sex determination. Effect of female literacy and education has been studied and discussed widely. About half of the effect of female literacy on fertility is direct and half indirect, chiefly through literacy's effect on reducing child mortality. Women who can read and write gener have more surviving children, because they are more aware of good health and nutrition practices and live in better circumstances with more surviving children, couples need fewer births to attain their desired family size. Female literacy also has an indirect effect on fertility through the age at marriage (literate women tend to marry later). [13] Editor Robey mentions further that higher literacy is likely to increase the demand for family planning services because literate women respond better to appeals to limit family size. [13] However, it seems that attitude toward sex composition of family is independent of education and awareness about hazards of sex selective abortions. There may be some other factors like culture, religion may be playing an important role in developing male preference attitude as mentioned by some studies. [11],[14],[15] A study by Bhardwaj et al. found prenatal sex determination and non-medical abortion more evident in elite area than urban slums. [16] In the present study, it has been observed that girls have shown a preference for a small family norm, but when they feel male child is must, they can go for sex determination, which will lead to non-medical sex selective abortions. One of the most significant features of 20 th century has been the dramatic decline in fertility and explicit preference for smaller families in most parts of East and South Asia. This change rather than reducing has exacerbated the preference for son. [11] Economist and social philosopher Dr. Amartya Sen wrote an article "more than 100 million women are missing" nearly 20 years ago. [17] Feminist philosopher Marry Anne Waren describes it as "gendericide," while "The Economist" calls it as "the world wide war on baby girls." Since then phenomenon of missing girls has been widely researched and publicized. [18] Similar types of activities are also conducted in Maharashtra. In spite of it, views regarding sex preference have not changed. This may indicate that sex preference can determine family size and when girls want to limit the family size they will prefer sex determination and sex selective abortion.
There is need to provide education regarding contraception, reproductive health especially in non-medical streams. Formal education and awareness campaigns regarding male child preference and non-medical sex selective abortion preference has not affected traditional attitude. As this study includes unmarried girls it suggests that female feticides will continue to happen unless stringent interventions are not implemented. This study has focused mainly on awareness and attitude of girls, but not for its reasons. For the planning of preventive strategies, there is a need of in depth sociological investigations to find out solutions.
1. Health education in health aspects of family planning. Report of a WHO Study Group Geneva, World Health Organization, (WHO Technical Report Series, no.483), 1971.
2. Park K. Preventive Medicine in Obstetrics, Paediatrics and Geriatrics. In: Park K, editor. Park′s Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, 21 st ed; Jabalpur, M/S Banarasidas Bhanot publishers, 2007. p. 454.
3. Haldar A, Ram R, Chatterjee T, Misra R, Joardar GK. Study of need of awareness generation regarding a component of reproductive and child health programme. Indian J Community Med 2004;29:96-8.
4. International Center for Research on Women (ICRW). The impact of unmet family planning needs on women′s health. Evidence from a research study in Madhya Pradesh, India. ICRW Information Bulletin, 2004; Dec; 1-4.
5. International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS) and Macro International. National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3), 2005-06: India. Vol. I. Mumbai: IIPS; 2007. p. 102, 105.
6. Dey Pal I, Chaudhuri RN. Gender preference and its implications on reproductive behavior of mothers in a rural area of West Bengal. Indian J Community Med 2009;34:65-7.
7. Mahawar P, Anand S, Raghunath D, Dixit S. Contraceptive knowledge, attitude and practices in mothers of infant: A cross-sectional study. Natl J Community Med 2011;2:105-7.
8. Murarkar SK, Soundale SG. Epidemiological correlates of contraceptive prevalence in married women of reproductive age group in rural area. Natl J Community Med 2011;2:78-81.
9. Guria M, Debasis D, Bera TK, Ghosh D. Awareness level of family planning practices in school going adolescent girls of different socio-economic groups in rural sectors, West Bengal. J Hum Ecol 2009;27:101-4.
10. Coombs LC. Underlying family-size preferences and reproductive behavior. Stud Fam Plann 1979;10:25-36.
11. Haldar A, Dasgupta U, Sen S, Laskar K. Influence of social correlates on gender preference and small family norm: An impression from West Bengal. J Fam Welf 2011;57:79-84.
12. Khandelwal V, Chakole SV, Gupta H, Mehta SC. Gender preference, attitude and awareness regarding sex determination among married women attending general OPD and antenatal clinic of RDGMC Ujjain, MP, India. Natl J Community Med 2012;3:269-73.
13. Robey B. How female literacy affects fertility: The case of India. Asia Pac Pop Policy 1990;15:1-3.
14. Phillips JF, Simmons R, Koenig MA, Chakraborty J. Determinants of reproductive change in a traditional society: Evidence from Matlab, Bangladesh. Stud Fam Plann 1988;19:313-34.
15. Thakkar D, Viradiya H, Shaikh N, Bansal RK, Shah D, Shah S. Male child preference for the first child decreasing among women in Surat city. Natl J Community Med 2011;2:163-5.
16. Bhardwaj SD, Nagargoje B, Jadhao A, Khadse J. Missing girls: Low child sex ratio - Study from urban slum and elite area of Nagpur, India - A cross sectional study. Natl J Community Med 2011;2:474-7.
17. Sen A. More than 100 million women are missing. New York Rev Books 1990;37:61-6.
18. Nie JB. Non-medical sex-selective abortion in China: Ethical and public policy issues in the context of 40 million missing females. Br Med Bull 2011;98:7-20.
[Table 1], [Table 2]
Kadam YR
Nirmale P
Gore AD
Prenatal sex determination
reproductive carrier preferences
sex selective abortion
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How Hortau Helps Farmers Produce More Crops With Less Water
Blog Entry by Gina-Marie Cheeseman in Environment and Climate Change
Saturday, April 30, 2016 - 10:30pm
At a time when water conservation is high profile because of California’s nearly five-year drought, a company that provides more efficient irrigation systems for farmers is important. Hortau provides such systems and has been doing so for over a decade.
What Hortau’s irrigation system does is to use soil tension to determine the amount of water needed. It helps farmers not only improve their yields, but reduce irrigation costs. And it helps reduce water use by determining the precise amount of water that a crop needs.
Until recently, Hortau has mainly operated in California and Canada, and “somewhat” on the East Coast, as co-founder Jocelyn Boudreau, president and CEO of Hortau, told Just Means. The company is expanding to middle America, namely in the Pacific Northwest and High Plains regions. In January, the company concluded “important financing,” as he put it, when they secured $10 million to expand their growth and services in North America. The third major round of financing for Hortau in 20 months, the $10 million investment came from a group led by Advantage Capital Agribusiness Partners, LP.
The expansions came about because of “market demand,” he explained. “Agriculture is at a point where it is shifting from a ‘gut-feeling’ and personal knowledge-based experience to more systematic, data-driven industry.” The global demand for food is “exploding right now.” There are over seven billion people on the planet now, and population growth experts predict that by 2050 there will be over nine million people.
“There is a clear need for technologies to optimize how we use water, to use it more efficiently, to produce more with less,” Boudreau said. Boudreau hails from Eastern Canada but now lives in California. He can “see the drought first-hand.” He understands just how badly his company’s services are needed by farmers.
Hortau is helping farmers produce more crops with less water. There is a “clear demand for that right now.” Optimization is the key, rather than just cutting water per acre. What counts is how many tons or pounds of produce a farmer can grow for every gallon of water. “That’s where we can help to make the farm operations more profitable and use the resources better,” Boudreau said. Hortau’s systems can help farmers reduce water use by an average of 25 to 30 percent, but grow more crops.
Hurt is described by Boudreau as providing the “internet of things” for farmers. They are putting devices in the field. For example, they have proprietary sensors that measure how much water is available in the ground, information about the environment, and even the weather. “So, we’re basically connecting the field to the web,” he explained, “and from there we can enhance that information with external data like soil maps and weather forecasts, and provide farmers with insight.” The company can then “crunch” the information that the sensors provide and tell farmers when to irrigate.
Photo: Flickr/Great Valley Center
http://hortau.com/2016/04/hortau-expands-irrigation-management-technology-in-high-plains-southwest/
http://www.justmeans.com/blogs/three-ways-california-agriculture-can-reduce-water-use
http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/news/population/un-report-world-population-projected-to-reach-9-6-billion-by-2050.html
water • Agriculture • reduction
Gina-Marie Cheeseman
Gina-Marie Cheeseman is a central California-based journalist who writes about sustainability, environmental issues, and healthy living. With a degree in journalism and a passion for social responsibility, she writes for a number of online publications. She believes that collaboration between the public and private sectors can help solve many problems facing the planet and its people. Mashable.com named Cheeseman as one of the “75 Environmentalists to Follow on Twitter.” Twitter: @gmcheeseman - See more at: http://www.justmeans.com/users/gina-marie-cheeseman#sthash.DhJ59PO9.dpuf
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We ARE Still Racing Tonight At Macon Speedway
Taylor And Crawley Extend Point Leads After Busy Holiday Weekend
Macon Speedway Memorial Day Showcase
(Macon, IL) Macon Speedway continued its annual tradition of racing on Memorial Day and did so in a big way with seven racing classes. The evening was full of adventure, excitement and frustration for some drivers as checkered flags flew in additon to the American flags.
Tim Hancock went four-for-four in feature wins in the B-Modified division at Macon Speedway. Winning his heat race and starting on the pole for the 15-lap feature, Hancock made short work of the race and cruised to the checkered flag. Following the race, he gave his Macon Speedway Feature Winner trophy to a child just as he has done each of the previous three events.
A little drama in the Beach House Micro Sprint feature race with Belleville’s Tyler Vantoll and Weldon’s Garrett Duff as they stayed close through the early goings but Vantoll kept the motor going strong and finished with the checkered flag.
Unfortunately, the opportunity to win in the Division 2 Midgets was taken from Vantoll on the second turn of the final lap when his engine gave up and he finished third behind Mitchell Davis. Davis, a first-time feature at Macon Speedway, knew the importance of racing every lap and every turn as he was positioned for a second-place finish and with a little lady luck was able to find the winner’s circle.
Terry Reed found the winning groove once again and finished first in the Street Stock division. The race was close as Reed stayed on the bottom and second-place competitor Nick Macklin rode the top side but couldn’t make the final pass for the finish.
In the Billingsley Towing Modifieds, Dave Crawley, Jr. was glued to the bottom of the track and was led the train of cars including Macon Speedway co-owners Ken Schrader and Kenny Wallace, who finished second and third, respectively. Wallace tried a few top side moves but couldn’t get enough going to finish in the top spot.
Crawley had a good run going for himself in the Pro Late Model event, starting from the pole position, thanks in part to the frisbee draw formation, and was leading for the first six laps before disaster found his car and smoke poured from the engine. The motor blew and he was forced to the infield. With five laps to go, Nick Bauman found the lead from Roben Huffman and Matt Taylor who were slowed by a lapped car. Along with the amazing pass of Bauman for the lead, the crowd was wowwed by both Jake Little and Jose Parga. Little drove his Pro Late Model up the wall in turn four and came back down with his foot still on the gas and kept moving. Parga did the same in both turns one and two and also managed to keep his vehicle on the move. Both drivers would finish in the top five.
Top points driver in the Hornets division, Tony Reed, found his way to victory lane with a narrow win over first-time visitor from Belleville, Dallas Lugge. Saturday’s feature winner and tenth-place starter Michael Gossett finished in third.
This Saturday night brings more fun to the race track with the annual Faster Pastor event with local pastors of churches racing it out in the B.G. Nevitt Memorial. There will also be a University Dogs Hot Dog Eating Contest, fans can purchase hot dogs for $1 and there will be racing from the Pro Late Models, Billingsley Towing Modifieds, B-Modifieds, Street Stocks, Beach House Micro Sprints and Hornets.
Pro Late Models–1. Nick Bauman (New Berlin), 2. Matt Taylor (Springfield), 3. Roben Huffman (Midland City), 4. Jose Parga (New Berlin), 5. Jake Little (Pleasant Plains), 6. Guy Taylor (Springfield), 7. Bobby Beiler (Blue Mound), 8. Andy Minett (New Berlin), 9. Cody Maguire (Carlinville), 10. Shawn Ziemer (Boody)
Billingsley Towing Modifieds–1. Dave Crawley, Jr. (Decatur), 2. Ken Schrader (Concord, NC), 3. Kenny Wallace (St. Louis, MO), 4. Aaron Draege (Vandalia), 5. Curt Rhodes (Taylorville), 6. Rodney Standerfer (Germantown), 7. Zach Rhodes (Taylorville), 8. Tommy Sheppard, Jr. (New Berlin), 9. Brian Lynn (Mason City), 10. Jeff Graham (Taylorville)
Street Stocks–1. Terry Reed (Decatur), 2. Nick Macklin (Argenta), 3. Nick Justice (Decatur), 4. Kyle Waters (Oreana), 5. Brian Dasenbrock (Decatur), 6. Jeremy Nichols (Lovington), 7. Jeremiah Hoadley (Decatur), 8. Aaron Cole (Atwood), 9. Dustin Reed (Decatur), 10. Rudy Zaragoza (Jacksonville)
B-Modifieds–1. Tim Hancock (Mt. Olive), 2. Brett Page (Centralia), 3. Tom Riech (Springfield), 4. Cody Stillwell (Godfrey), 5. Ryan Timmons (Centralia), 6. Tim Riech (Springfield), 7. Ryan Hamilton (Indianapolis, IN), 8. Harold Reed (Decatur), 9. Josh Thomas (Edinburg), 10. Tharen Reno (Springfield)
Beach House Micro Sprints–1. Tyler Vantoll (Belleville), 2. Garrett Duff (Weldon), 3. Evan Weyant (Sherman), 4. Luke Verardi (Taylorville), 5. Tony Clifton (Mt. Zion), 6. Gabe Verardi (Taylorville), 7. Tyler Duff (Weldon), 8. Jeff Beasley (Urbana), 9. Luke Vaughn (Mahomet), 10. Steve Finn (Collinsville)
Division 2 Midgets–1. Mitchell Davis (Auburn), 2. Andy Baugh (Mason City), 3. Tyler Vantoll (Belleville), 4. Jake Neuman (New Berlin), 5. Hunter Lane (Milo, IA), 6. Max Pozsgai (Lincoln), 7. Adam Taylor (Shorewood), 8. Ryan Propst (New Lenox), 9. Johnny Murdock (Kaufman, TX), 10. Jack Routson (Waterman)
Hornets–1. Tony Reed (Blue Mound), 2. Dallas Lugge (Belleville), 3. Michael Gossett (Decatur), 4. Jerad Matherly (Decatur), 5. Aaron Garcia (Belleville), 6. Cook Crawford (Lincoln), 7. Ben McChristy (Mt. Zion), 8. Joe McChristy (Mt. Zion), 9. Ryan Cantrell (Decatur), 10. Caleb Branch (Hammond)
Adam Mackey
Permanent link to this article: http://www.maconracing.com/2016/05/macon-speedway-memorial-day-showcase/
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Shropshire Hills Sportives 2014
In 2014 the Mamil Cycling Shropshire Hills Sportive will be held on the 6th July once again starting and finishing in Bridgnorth’s historic High Street and taking in some of the best scenery the County has to offer.
Hard to believe, but now in it's 4th year, riders numbers have grown and demand for a slot is likely to be high again. Last year a number of riders were disappointed because they'd left it too late and we couldn't accommodate them so please get your entries in early. We are determined to retain the family feel so all riders, solos, club riders, groups, everybody, gets a proper send off from the traffic free High Street, a proper welcome back through the finish gate and gets fed and watered on route. This will mean numbers will be limited to 600. Once we’re full, we’re full!
Like last year, there will be a choice of three routes extending to 50, 70 and 100 miles. All routes take in the gruelling climb of the Clee Hill but we won’t send you up climbs for the sake of it, promise. You’ll be supported by three well stocked feed stations (one on the 50, two on the 70 and three on the 100) where you can refuel. The Big Daddy 100 mile route will take you over the Long Mynd – truly breathtaking in every sense of the word.
We are delighted that local lads, Schwalbe, will be our sponsors again for 2014 and will be joined by Torq, our nutrition sponsor and by Raleigh bikes. There will be plenty going on in the High Street during the day with traders (bike and non bike related) so bring the family, there’s load to do and see in Bridgnorth.
Check back here for regular updates, the elves at Mamil Towers are working on ideas for stuff to go in the goody bags - last years musettes went down well – we are seeing them appear all over the country. What will it be this year....?
Date : 6th July 2014
Shropshire Hills 50
Awwww…. The baby brother. Once again, we’ll take you over the Clee and bring you back down the Corvedale valley with the wind at your back. Probably. It’s a great way to get into sportive riding providing a proper but manageable challenge. Have a break at Caynham after the climb and roll back in.
£20.00 entry.
Now in its 3rd year, the slightly troublesome Inbetweener taking in the feedstops at Caynham and Leighton. For those who want a little more riding after climbing the Clee or who did the 50 last year and want to take a step up on the way to the 100 for 2015 perhaps?
£23.00 entry
Now we are talking. The bad boy Big Brother. Tough. This takes in the Clee and the Stiperstones and all three feedstations, including a piece of cake the size of a football at The Bog on top of the Long Mynd. We had a couple of claims for a sub 5 hour ride time in last couple of years. Can you drag yourself round to join the exalted few ? or just take it easy and take in the lovely sights…
Enter the 2014 Shropshire Hills Sportives via the red button below
rider_notes_shropshire_hills_sportives_2014.pdf
If you have any queries or want to know more, drop us an email from the contact us page or Tweet/Facebook us and we’ll get back to you.
http://www.mamilcycling.co.uk/contact-us.html
http://www.facebook.com/pages/Mamil-Cycling-Ltd/178521768840451
We had a ball in 2013. We would love to welcome you back to Bridgnorth in 2014 for more of the same.
Lets hope we are graced by good weather again….
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Jolanda Heunen
KCI Publishing
Train your employees in a virtual reality environment using abilitee
By Jolanda Heunen | 17 June 2019
What if... you could endlessly practice dangerous procedures in a safe environment? That’s the premise that Enriched used when they started working on abilitee, a virtual reality 3D productivity configurator, also known as a virtual training assistant. Bart Van Hecke, founder of Enriched, and Stijn De Vrij, technical lead with Enriched talk about how it all started and look ahead at what the future may hold.
Cleaning industrial assets with Angara Industries
By Jolanda Heunen | 07 May 2019
The team behind Angara Industries consists of dedicated professionals who have combined experience in chemical laboratory research and complex manufacturing of 25 years plus 26 years in industrial production and equipment service. In addition they have 42 years’ experience in sales and business development in oil & gas as well as other industrial and technical sectors. Managing Aging Plants had the pleasure of speaking with Ilya Rodin, CEO with Angara Industries.
8 Preventive Maintenance Implementation Mistakes (And How To Avoid Them)
By Jolanda Heunen | 20 March 2019
Implementing preventive maintenance has huge benefits when implemented correctly. From extending the useful life of equipment to reducing unplanned downtime, by using this maintenance strategy, a business can optimize how it utilizes assets, equipment, and its maintenance team.
Compact Ball Valves
By Roy van IJzendoorn | 04 December 2018
The evolution of the Ball Valve design has not changed very much over the years, especially if we delve into the History of the design of the ball valve. There are two types of ball valve designs that primarily dominate this market, the Floating Ball valve and the Trunnion Ball valve design. Although manufacturers have produced these basic valve designs for many years, the designs have changed very little.
Ensuring valve safety with Gasunie
By Jolanda Heunen | 02 October 2018
Mr. Lammert Nijland has 25 years’ experience in valves and actuators and has been with Gasunie in Groningen, The Netherlands, for almost twenty years. He is mechanical engineer and his focus within Gasunie is on everything within the valve area, including both maintainability and design. Mr. Nijland is especially keen on preventing problems before they happen, and Valve World is keen on learning more about this.
Emission control made simple
By Jolanda Heunen | 21 August 2018
Cost, safety and legislation are the main drivers that are forcing chemical industry operators to come up with better products as well as better ways to prevent leakage that was previously tolerated and viewed as inevitable.
Training the nuclear industry’s next generation of workers
By Candace Allison | 05 June 2018
For more than 130 years, the Arizona Public Service Company (APS) has powered Arizona’s growth, prosperity, and innovation. Today, APS continues to be the state’s largest and longest serving electric utility, providing 2.7 million people with safe and reliable energy.
Oxifree tackles corrosion
By Jolanda Heunen | 09 April 2018
After reading the Case Study from Oxifree about the UT testing they conducted with Cygnus Instruments, Managing Aging Plants got in contact with Oxifree Ltd. to learn more about the company and the solutions they offer. Managing Director Ed Hall gladly answered our questions.
Testing of Composite Repairs according to ISO & ASME standards and beyond
By Jolanda Heunen | 18 January 2018
Maintaining pipelines is a top priority for every operator to ensure safety, efficiency and sustainability. Estimations consider most – at least more than 60% – of existing pipelines to be older than 45 years by now. Already in 2002 according to the large-scale 2-year study in the United States the annual costs alone in the U.S. were estimated at approx. $7 billion dollars to monitor, replace and maintain gas and liquid transmission pipelines.
Plant modernization in the metal industry
By Roy van IJzendoorn | 10 October 2017
‘Virtual commissioning’ provides the possibility of testing and verifying the perfect functioning of automation systems and optimizing controls and process steps before the ‘real’ commissioning takes place in the metal industry. Various successfully accomplished projects at the Gienanth iron foundry in Eisenberg, Germany, have demonstrated that commissioning times can be markedly reduced by simulating the equipment and functions beforehand – in a ‘digital factory’.
Nondestructive testing’s essential role in aging facilities
By Roy van IJzendoorn | 14 September 2017
Nondestructive testing (NDT) or nondestructive evaluation (NDE) encompasses a wide group of analysis techniques to evaluate the properties of a material, component or system without causing any damage to the original material.
Closing down nuclear plants in Germany, safely
By Melina Schnaudt | 22 August 2017
PreussenElektra GmbH headquartered in Hanover is a wholly-owned subsidiary of E.ON SE (Essen) and operates all E.ON SE activities in the field of nuclear power. Managing Aging Plants’ Melina Schnaudt talked with Almut Zyweck (external communication) and Dr. Wolfgang Mayinger (Component Technology) about the maintenance of nuclear power plants and the effects of the German nuclear phaseout.
Proactive integrity management of aging plants
By Angelique Lasseigne | 13 June 2017
Next-generation technologies to manage aging plants more proactively are discussed. An analysis of advantages and disadvantages of current (reactive) technologies is provided, and then some of the latest technologies are discussed with a focus on measuring material properties in-situ. These type of measurements, combined with continuous monitoring approaches, hold potential to dramatically improve the effectiveness and accuracy of integrity management programs.
The use of unmanned aerial systems in managing aging plants
By Carina Hendricks | 05 May 2017
Looking at how the use of drones can help decision makers decide on safety and maintenance issues within industrial plants. Their use requires not only new application techniques but also a different approach with regard to work procedures and naturally a detailed understanding of drone technology and how it works- its limitations and best uses.
Best Practices with Nonmetallics in Chemical Service
Chemical facilities face a number of issues when dealing with corrosion and harsh chemicals. The conventional method of addressing these issues is to adequately-prepare the steel surface and then apply the proper coating to protect it from the elements. However, in chemical facilities, harsh chemicals are essential to the process and require adequate containment and reliable service in order to keep the facilities operational.
Keeping Braskem PP5 on track
By Joanne McIntyre | 14 March 2017
The Braskem petrochemical refinery near the town of Duque de Caxias is nestled amidst humid green hills less than an hour’s drive from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The sprawling site hosts several chemical plants involved in the production of raw materials and further processed chemical products including polypropylene and polyethylene. Managing Aging Plants visited the site to speak with Mr Roberto Funger, Senior Inspection Engineer in the Maintenance Department during a recent visit.
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Digital photography, Photoshop, mixed media
Originally from Olpe, North-Rhine Westfalia in Germany,
Nina was given her first point and shoot camera at the age of 4 or 5 and photographed everything in the garden; which resulted in a limited supply of film rolls and flash cubes. Throughout school she captured fellow students and school events.
Towards the end of her apprentice ship for offset printing 2003, she purchased her first slr camera and started to work as freelance photographer/reporter for the local paper, covering sport and art.
Nina came to New Zealand in 2003 for a work and holiday. Having a great time exploring, she settled in Auckland and jumped profession; running a restaurant for 9 years.
Pursuing her lifelong hobby, she studied digital photography and Ninag Photography became reality in 2013.
With a background in Ballroom and Jazz dance, photographing dancers seemed to be a beautiful combination of emotion and motion to capture. “Dance and performance photography are understanding and feeling the music and dance form; always a challenge to anticipate the moment before the moment”. If you can hear and feel music- you are one beat closer to seeing dance moments.
Also, she photographs a lot of different subjects, “The stage feels like my second home, a motion and emotion in combination. I am a photographer/ artist and mum, not necessarily in this order on every day, I like to create moments that speak to me, on stage and outdoors, bold and bright, real and raw, provoking and subtle.
She had/has the pleasure to work for and with amazing NZ and international dancers, performers, including:
Phoenix Belly dance, The Dance Studio, IDCO, Momentum Productions, Pineapple Productions, Tamashii Taiko Drummers, Auckland Dance Company, Medanz, Tempo Dance, Fringe, You Dance Festival, Hip Hop Qualifiers, HHINZ National Hip Hop, Salsa Congress, Western Springs College, Mount Albert Grammar.
Her current home is the Magical Mangawhai, where she lives with her husband and 2year old son.
NinaG Photography
email: ninagphoto@gmail.com, phone: +64 21 2535793
www.ninagphotography.queensberryworkspace.com
web.facebook.com/NinaGastreichPhotography/
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LA REELS
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Home DEMO REELS LA RATES & DETAILS ATL RATES & DETAILS DEMO REEL EDITING TESTIMONIALS INTENSE SAMPLES DRAMATIC SAMPLES COMEDY SAMPLES KIDS REELS SCRAMBLE MOVIEBUSINESS REELSCONTACT
THE GREATEST PODCAST FOR ACTORS & FILMMAKERS
Tune in to the episodes below and subscribe in iTunes and Stitcher!
STITCHER COMING SOON
36: Lisa London | Casting Director and Author of From Start to Stardom
On this episode of The Great Hollywood Adventure, power house casting director, Lisa London, talks about the casting process and shares some of the hugely important tips for actors contained in her new book FROM STAGE TO STARDOM. Her book is essential reading for every actor on how to survive in the business of acting. From networking to preparing for an audition, to making strong choices when you are reading for a part and what casting agents are looking for.
35: Shin Shimosawa | Writer, Producer, and Director
Today on The Great Hollywood Adventure we will be talking to writer, producer, and now director, Shin Shimosawa on his transition from writer/producer to director of the upcoming film, MISCONDUCT.
34: Scott Feinberg | Contributer for The Hollywood Reporter
Today on The Great Hollywood Adventure we talk to Scott Feinberg from The Hollywood Reporter about film history, the problems with producing quality original content, and advice on how to make it in this business.
33: Actors Anonymous Podcast | Helping Motivate Actors To Keep Moving Forward
Today on the Great Hollywood Adventure, we will be talking to the crew of the Actors Anonymous Podcast, Wesam and Jordan. We will discuss their journey, motivations, and the importance of having a team.
32: Tehmina Sunny | Marketing Executive Turned Actress
Today on the Great Hollywood Adventure we will be talking to Tehmina Sunny. Tehmina was born in London and from a very early age she put her artistic dreams aside. She went to college and got a job as a marketing executive, but one day she met an agent and decided to give acting a try.
31: SEASON 1 FINALE: Darren Darnborough | We Rehearse
Today on The Great Hollywood Adventure we will be talking to Darren Darnborough. Darren is an actor, director, film maker and entrepreneur from England. He’s been part of shows like 2 Broke Girls, True Blood, and the Darkness Descending. Today we will be talking about how he became an actor, his business (we rehearse). We will also be going over some great advice for people in the entertainment industry that need to be their own entrepreneur
30: John Levey and Melanie Burgess | Casting Directors
Today on the Great Hollywood Adventure we will be talking to John Levey and Melanie Burgess. John and Melanie are casting directors of shows like Southland, ER, and Shameless. Today on the Great Hollywood Adventure we will be talking about how John got involved in casting, how John and Melanie started working together, authenticity of representation, connecting with roles, and professionalism in the audition room.
29: Taryn Southern | Content Creator | YouTube Influencer
Today on The Great Hollywood Adventure we will be talking about Taryn's change from being an actor in traditional media into new media. We will also be talking about training and development for actors, being an entrepreneur, and creating your own content.
28: Scott Mauro | Award Winning Broadway Producer - Scott Mauro Entertainment
Scott was born and raised in New York and he went to college in buffalo. He is an executive producer, creator of theatrical productions, live events and television specials. Most of Scotts work involves him traveling back and forth from New York and Los Angeles.
27: Randal Kleiser | Director: Grease, White Fang, The Blue Lagoon, Flight of The Navigator
Randal Kleiser was born in July 1946 in Philadelphia Pennsylvania. He moved to Los Angeles and went to USC's film school when he was 18. He was the director, for films like: Grease, The blue Lagoon, Honey I Blew the Kid, and Getting it Right. Today Randal talks to us about his new short called Defrost.
26: Jeff Kleiser | Synthespian Studios | VFX Supervisor
Jeff Kleiser is a visual effects supervisor and CEO of Synthespian Studios. He has worked on movies like Tron, X-Men, and Fantastic 4. Today we talk about how he got involved In film and The Visual Effects Society. We also talk about networking, branding, training, and what its like for actors to work with green screens.
25: David Banks | Career Commercial Actor
David Banks was born in Petaluma California David Banks mostly works on commercials. He's been in commercials for companies like: Samsung, Best Buy, Kraft, California Raisins, Bank of America, and C&H Sugar.
24: Damien Puckler | Actor - Grimm Recurring Guest Star
Damien is an actor and trained martial arts expert. In his interview on The GHA, Damien chats about how he transitioned to an acting career from a stunt background and shares some advice for fellow actors and great overall life advice.
23: Shane Fazen | Fight Tips | My Fight Gym
Shane Fazen is a Tae Kwon Do black belt, international Muay Thai pro fighter, amateur boxer, personal striking coach and a fitness instructor. He was born and raised in Philadelphia. Before Shane dedicated himself full time to creating youtube videos he was a bartender and a personal trainer. Today shane joins us and talks about running his youtube page( Fight tips), teaching people self defense, and his fighting experiences.
22: KC Wayland, Grayson Stone | We're Alive Podcast
KC Wayland and Grayson Stone are the team behind the "We’re Alive" podcast, a zombie apocalypse drama set in Los Angeles with several seasons and over 36 million downloads. KC started "We're Alive" back in 2009 and has grown the show to cult status. Grayson joined KC's team as an intern and is now a producer on the show.
21: Allen Barton | Beverly Hills Playhouse CEO
Allen Barton Allen was born in Cambridge, Massachusetts, grew up in nearby Lexington, and returned to Cambridge to attend and graduate from Harvard University, where he majored in Russian & Soviet Studies. After he finished at Harvard he moved out to LA. Today Allen Barton joins us and talks about being an actor, play write, director, classical pianist, and being CEO of the Beverly Hills Playhouse.
20: Ray Jimenez | Embolden Entertainment- Talent Management/ Entrepreneur
Ray Jimenez is founder of Embolden Entertainment, a management company representing personalities in Music, Sports, Modeling, Acting, and beyond. Noah and Brett sit down with Ray and track through his involvement with entertainment from singing at a young age to event production and corporate dealings.
19: Scott Sedita | Scott Sedita Acting Studio
Scott is an acting coach and motivational speaker. He is also the author of the bestselling books, “The Eight Characters of Comedy, A Guide to Sitcom Acting and Writing” and “Scott Sedita’s Guide To Making It In Hollywood. 3 Steps to Success. 3 Steps to Failure."
18: Gary Marsh | Breakdown Services | Actor's Access
Gary Marsh is an entrepreneur, founder of one of most widely used services used by actors: Actor's Access & Breakdown Services. Gary built his business from the ground up with actor’s/actress’s in mind.
17: Olaniyi Sobomehin | Former NFL Running Back/ Entrepreneur / Trainer
Olaniyi is a former NFL running back for the New Orleans Saints. He is currently a firefighter & entrepreneur. He works with young elite athletes, training them to develop the habits & mindset necessary to dominate their sport and their life.
16: Brian Patacca | Life and Career Coach for Actors and Leader of the Actor Accountability Salon
Brian Patacca is a Life and Career Coach for Actors and Actresses and Leader of the Actor Accountability Salon. His resume for teaching and coaching actors has spanned years and locations in New York, Los Angeles, and London. Patacca’s personal work has delved in and out of commercial and television acting, with beginnings Off-Broadway in New York.
15: Hal Elrod | The Miracle Morning
Hal Elrod is a #1 Bestselling Author, born on May 30 in 1979. His last book “The Miracle Morning” inspired thousands of people and improved their lifes. Today we have Hal Elrod at the Great Hollywood Adventure and we talk about his #1 Bestselling book “The Miracle Morning”, his experience with a near fatal car accident and his successful recovery.
14: John Rosenfeld | John Rosenfeld Studios
John Rosenfeld is an acting teacher. he is mostly known for his work in bruce almighty (2003), Rat Bastard (1998) and The Dangling Conversation (2004). Today John joins us and talk to us about how he became an acting teacher and technique that he uses in his class. We also talk about being an actor, the difference in acting in New York and LA, and success in networking.
13: Alexis Carra | Actress: Series Regular Mixology, Broadway Actress
Alexis Carra is an Actress, Dancer, and Producer with credits in several Broadway plays including “Wicked” and TV series performances on “Mixology” and “Recovery Road”. A native of Tampa, FL with Argentinen and Cuban ancestry, Yale graduate Carra spent seven years performing on and off Broadway before moving out to L.A. and building up traction in television.
12: Irina Voronina | Playboy Playmate, Actress, Entrepreneur
Today at GHA we have a talk with Irina Voronina. Irina is a Public Figure with 5 million + Facebook fans & Twitter Followers. Formerly Playboy’s Miss January, voted Model of the year, with several print campaigns and magazine appearances.Today we’ll talk about her way from the model industry into the entertainment industry.
11: Howard Lapides | Lapides Entertainment Organization - Talent Manager
Howard Lapides is a manager in show business. he’s been involved in radio and comedy. he has worked with people like Dr.Drew, Jimmy Kimmel, Adam Carola, Tom Green, Carson Daly, and Mike Catherwood. He has a management company called Lapides Entertainment Organization that focuses on talk, and comedy.
10: Tracy Mapes | Imperium 7 - Celebrity Endorsements, Talent Agent
Tracy Mapes is the Director of Celebrity Endorsements, Branding, and Reality at the prestigious Imperium 7 Talent Agency. She has a done a lot of things in the business — Production , Writing , Producing , Directing , Casting , and ten years of expertise as a Talent Agent , which aids in the day to day operations of IMPERIUM 7
09: Ajarae Coleman | Actress, Director, Entrepreneur
Ajarae Coleman is a successful actress as well as a director and entrepreneur.
She was raised in New Jersey and now she lives in Los Angeles where she gets to raise the creative bar for herself every day. She got a biological Anthropology degree at Havard , trained at UCLA and the Beverly Hills Playhouse , and booked roles on ABC's PRIVATE PRACTICE and SCANDAL , NBC's DAYS OF OUR LIVES.
08: Helene Phillips | Choreographer | Director
Helene Phillips was born on September 24, 1956 in Los Angeles, California.
She is a passionate dancer and has always been one.
“Came out of the womb dancing” she tells us. She was a dancer major at UCLA
and had a year long scholarship at the Roland Dupree Dance Academy. She was part of “Solid Gold”, “The Girl, the Gold Watch & Dynamite”, “Staying Alive”, “Going Berserk”, “Dr. Detroit” and also “Airwolf”
07: Mark Teschner | Casting Director: "General Hospital"
Mark Teschner is the casting director of “General Hospital”, which is a show running for 52 years already. Before that, he lived in New York and worked on Broadway Sets and did lots of other things around the business of an actor. In today’s episode we talk with Mark Teschner about what it is like being a successful casting director and what role actors play into it.
AWESOME BRANDS WE'VE WORKED WITH
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WELCOME TO KLAVPT WEBSITE PLEASE CHECK FOR UPDATES
Sacerdotal Ordination Anniversary
AVPT 2018 Roadshow
Click HERE For Roadshow Dates
Click HERE For Vocation Flyer 2018
M.A.D. - Vocation Discernment Retreat
9 young men from the Archdiocese of Kuala Lumpur responded to the prompting of the Holy Spirit to discern God’s will as they thirsts to know more about the diocesan priesthood. They have taken the first step by attending the 2016 Diocesan Vocation Retreat which was held at Good Shepherd Church on the 1st and 2nd of July. The theme for this stay-in retreat was ‘Make A Difference’. Beginning with mass and Eucharistic adoration, the retreat was structured to give a glimpse into the life of a diocesan priest.
The retreat was coordinated by Bro Vincent Thomas, final year student at the St Francis Xavier Seminary, Singapore. Rev Fr Christopher began by giving an introduction to the Diocesan priesthood. Having been ordained as a priest for 20 years, Fr Chris was able to relate to the young gentlemen his journey, struggles and joy – albeit in an intimate and informal manner. The Church continues to place the highest value on the work of priestly formation, because it is linked to the very mission of the Church, especially the evangelization of humanity: "Go, therefore, and make disciples of all nations" (Mt 28:19).
The next morning, the participants was introduced to the Divine Office (Liturgy of the Hours) by Bro Vincent Thomas. From ancient times the Church has had the custom of celebrating each day the Liturgy of the Hours. In this way the Church fulfils the Lord’s precept to pray without ceasing, at once offering its praise to God the Father and interceding for the salvation of the world. The celebration of the Liturgy of the Hours demands not only harmonizing the voice with the praying heart, but also a deeper understanding of the liturgy and of the Bible, especially of the Psalms. He also spoke on the importance of daily prayer.
Rev Fr Augustine Lee then shared on choosing the right vocation. To be precise, a man only “knows” he is called when he is ordained! However, there are many positive signs that can point to a vocation and which can help a man make the decision to enter the seminary and continue along the path towards the priesthood. Most diocesan priests are parish priests. They celebrate Mass on Sundays and during the week with their people, hear their confessions, anoint them when they are sick, baptize, marry and bury them. They preach the Word of God from the pulpit and teach it in classrooms and discussion groups. They listen to their people’s joys and sorrows and often take the initiative to promote works of charity and justice. They may work with groups of the elderly, with teen or young adult groups and with parents. “Basic to the ministry of any priest is preaching the Word of God, celebrating the sacraments and being available to God’s people. It’s a busy, rewarding life that demands stamina and spiritual maturity,” he said.
Bro. Albert Arputhan and Bro. Anthony Robert from College General, Penang also shared their vocation story and inspired the participants. Fr Chris continued to share on living a fulfilling life as a priest. He also emphasised that a religious priest or brother commits himself to Christ and the Christian community by the Evangelical Counsels, or vows of poverty, chastity and obedience.
Bro Vincent Thomas then shared on the life of a seminarian, including the assessment and application process. Guided by the overall diocesan goal to nurture and develop holy and well-formed priests, great care is taken to ensure a careful and thorough assessment and application process for all potential seminarian candidates. Bro Vincent also shared his experience during homily in the sunset mass. Archbishop Julian Leow took this opportunity to drop by and give a pep talk to inspire these young aspirants.
Vocation Directors, Fr Chris and Fr Augustine expressed their heartfelt gratitude to the parish priests who sent their candidates for this retreat. They also thanked the Sacred Heart church Vocation Promotion Team who assisted in preparing fellowship and other matters. It is hoped that this weekend spent in prayer, reflection and discussion on the ministry of the priest will certainly help a potential candidate to discern his vocation.
“...today, with great strength and great conviction, on the basis of long personal experience of life, I say to you, dear young people: Do not be afraid of Christ! He takes nothing away, and gives you everything. When we give ourselves to Him, we receive a hundred-fold in return. Yes, open, open wide the doors to Christ - and you will find true life. Amen.” Pope Benedict XVI
By Charmaine Amanda
The Question's Of Vocation
What is Vocation ?
Am I Called ?
What is Priesthood ?
What is Religious Life ?
Religion Men-Links to Congregations of Religious Priests/Brothers
Religious Women – Links to Congregations of Religious Sisters
Role Of Parents
Prayer & Holy Hour
Vocation Tools
Some Inspirational Videos
Sinaran 2018
Recommend A Person
AVPT Director Message
Diocesan Priesthood
What & Who is a Diocesan Priest?
The Spirituality of the Diocesan Priest
How does one prepare to be a Diocesan Priest
Where & What do the Seminarians in the Diocesan Priesthood study
Diocesan Priesthood Vocation Stories
Copyright © KL Vocation Promotion Team 2010~2018. All Rights Reserved.
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Arthur C. 'Art' Richter
Arthur C. ‘Art’ Richter, 84, of Gresham, passed away Wednesday, Aug. 17, 2016 in Lincoln.
He was born Oct. 20, 1931 at rural Gresham to Carl and Lola (Walford) Richter. He served in the US Army from 1953-1955 and was stationed in Germany. Following his discharge he was united in marriage to Shirley Kohtz on Nov. 25, 1955 at Thayer. Art was a longtime Gresham area farmer and had previously worked in the ordinance plant in Hastings. He was a member of the NRA, Isaac Walton League, York Gun Club and the Gresham American Legion. He enjoyed trap shooting, watching old western movies and taking road trips around the countryside.
Art is survived by his wife, Shirley of Gresham; four children, Annette (Bob) Gloystein of Exeter, Terry (Lori) Richter of Gresham, Barb (Doug) Nienhueser of York and Judy (Tom) Luettel of Gresham. Grandchildren include, Ashley (Ryan) Gloystein-Klatt of Norman, Okla., Kendall Gloystein of San Antonio, Texas, Whitney Gloystein and friend Chris Allison of Lincoln, Tanner (Kim) Gloystein of Exeter, Jenna (Adam) Nasif of Hickman, Eric (Melissa) Richter of Loveland, Colo., Abby (Mike) Fruhwirth of Grand Island, Ben (Jen) Nienhueser of Waverly, Nick (Ashley) Nienhueser of York, Dane (Heather) Nienhueser of York, Meghan (Dave) Gerken of York, Shelby Luettel and fiancé Marko Nikolic of Lincoln, Colton Luettel and Conner Luettel both of Gresham.
Also surviving are great-grandchildren, Joanna and Zoey Papke, Kyler Klatt, Parker Gloystein, Tinlee Richter and baby girl Nasif on the way, Codey, Leigha and Micah Nienhueser, Paige, James and baby girl Nienhueser on the way, Keegan and Cole Nienhueser and Izzabella Gerken.
Art is also survived by his brother, Fred (Jan) Richter of Shelby; sister, Joyce Hackler of York and sister-in-law, Lois Richter of Lincoln.
Preceding Art in death were his parents; infant sister, Phyllis and brothers, Robert and Don.
Funeral services will be held at 10 a.m. Monday, Aug. 22, 2016 at the Metz Chapel in York. Interment with military honors will be in the Blue Ridge Cemetery north of Gresham. Memorials may be directed to the family for later designation or the donor’s choice. Visitation will be from 1-9 p.m. Sunday at the mortuary with the family greeting friends that evening from 6:30 – 8 p.m.
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Iraq’s Kurds add capacity to oil pipeline to export Kirkuk crude
Bloomberg News | November 4, 2018 | 8:11 am Europe
Iraq’s semi-autonomous Kurds upgraded their oil export pipeline to accommodate future production growth from their region as well as from the contested Kirkuk area controlled by the central government in Baghdad.
The Kurdistan Regional Government completed improvements to the pipeline to the Mediterranean port of Ceyhan, Turkey, by installing another pumping station in the Shaikhan area, the KRG’s Ministry of Natural Resources said on its website. The link’s capacity increased to 1 million barrels a day from 900,000, it said.
The KRG currently exports more than 400,000 barrels a day of crude, according to the statement. “This extra capacity will accommodate future production growth from KRG producing fields, and can also be used by the federal government to export the currently stranded oil in Kirkuk and surrounding areas,” the KRG said. On his first day in office last week, Iraqi Oil Minister Thamir Ghadhban said Baghdad plans to start talks with Kurdish authorities to discuss oil exports.
The Kirkuk area in northern Iraq produces about 230,000 barrels a day for local refining and power generation only and hasn’t exported crude since Iraqi forces retook the area from Kurdish fighters in October 2017, following the defeat of Islamic State militants. Kirkuk shipments by truck to Iran halted three weeks ago in line with U.S. sanctions. Kirkuk had exported crude through the Kurdish-operated pipeline until shipments stopped due to a dispute over oil payments between the central government and the KRG. Iraq, the second-biggest producers in OPEC, pumps most of its 4.69 million barrels a day from fields in the south of the country and ships it from the Persian Gulf port of Basra.
(Reporting by Nayla Razzouk and Abbas Al Lawati)
Sign Up for the Africa, Europe & Middle East Digest
Gold industry review: Falling production at world’s biggest gold mines, costs kept under control – Q1 2019
MINING.COM first quarter 2019 gold industry review reveals global all-in costs remain under control – one Australian producer now mines for just $315/oz.
Vladimir Basov | July 15, 2019 | 11:26 am
Trump’s rejection of uranium import limits expected to boost demand
He has rejected a recommendation by the Commerce Department to require US power producers to source up to 25% of their uranium from domestic mines, creating instead a working group to review the country’s nuclear fuel supply chain.
Rio Tinto showcases Argyle mine’s pink diamonds
The 2019 Argyle Pink Diamonds Tender is being showcased in Perth, Hong Kong and New York, with bids closing on 9 October 2019.
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Monrovia Police: Carjacking; Lots of Drunk Driving; 'Multiple Charges' May be Filed In Deer Shooting; Bad License Plates; Threatening With Pistol; Etc.
[Monrovia Police activities from the Police Department's Neighborhood Watch Report for September 14-17. - Brad Haugaard]
Following are the weekend’s highlighted issues and events.
September 14 at 12:32 p.m., a petty theft was reported at a park in the 900 block of California. Sometime overnight, a metal spring mounted on the playground equipment was removed and taken. This is the second spring that has been taken. The investigation is continuing.
No-Bail Warrant – Suspect Arrested
September 14 at 4:03 p.m., an officer was on patrol in the area of Mayflower and Chestnut when he was flagged down regarding a possible domestic dispute inside a vehicle. The officer located and stopped the vehicle, but the occupants denied a domestic dispute. The driver had a suspended driver's license, the vehicle registration was expired for approximately two years, and the passenger had a no-bail warrant for his arrest. The suspects were arrested.
Warrant Arrest – Suspect Arrested
September 14 at 9:21 p.m., an officer on patrol in the area of Huntington and the 210 Freeway observed a traffic violation and stopped the vehicle. After getting identification from both the driver and passenger, the passenger was found to have several warrants for his arrest. He was arrested without incident.
Driving Under the Influence – Suspect Arrested
September 15 at 1:41 a.m., an officer observed a traffic violation from a vehicle at Live Oak and Myrtle. The officer conducted a traffic stop and made contact with the driver, who displayed signs of being intoxicated. After further investigation, the driver was determined to be driving under the influence and she was arrested. She was taken into custody and held for a sobering period. She was later released with a citation to appear in court.
September 15 at 3:01 p.m., a carjacking incident was reported in the 900 block of E. Royal Oaks. The victim drove to her ex-boyfriend's residence to drop off some of his property. When she arrived, the ex-boyfriend/suspect demanded the victim drive him to Pasadena. The victim was afraid of the suspect and attempted to drive away, but the suspect opened her driver's door and threatened her with a large rock. The victim feared for her safety and exited the vehicle. The suspect jumped into the vehicle and drove away without consent. The investigation is continuing.
Public Intoxication / Challenge to fight – Suspect Arrested
September 15 at 4:14 p.m., an officer was flagged down in the 300 block of S. Myrtle regarding a disturbing subject in the park. The officer saw the subject and heard him yelling obscenities. The officer contacted the subject, who was intoxicated and took a fighting stance towards the first officer on scene. The subject was arrested for public intoxication and challenging to fight.
September 16 at 1:17 a.m., an officer observed a vehicle commit a moving vehicle code violation in the 600 block of S. Myrtle. The officer conducted a traffic stop and contacted the driver, who demonstrated signs of intoxication. The investigation revealed the driver was too intoxicated to drive a motor vehicle. He was arrested, booked, and held for a sobering period. He was later released with a citation to appear in court.
September 16 at 1:19 a.m., a resident in the 800 block of S. Mayflower called police to report her ex-boyfriend was at her front door and was refusing to leave. When officers arrived, the subject was driving away in his vehicle. The officer made a traffic stop and contacted the driver, who demonstrated signs of intoxication. The investigation revealed there was no crime committed at the residence, but the driver was too intoxicated to drive a motor vehicle. He was arrested, booked, and held for a sobering period. He was later released with a citation to appear in court.
September 16 at 2:39 a.m., an officer observed a vehicle traveling at a high rate of speed on Peck Road, approaching Live Oak Avenue. The officer made a traffic stop and contacted the driver. Through investigation it was determined that the driver was too intoxicated to drive a motor vehicle. He was arrested and taken into custody. He was held for a sobering period and later released with a citation to appear in court.
Department of Fish and Wildlife Assist
September 16 at 7:41 a.m., police received a call reporting a suspect that had shot a deer with a bow and arrow in the 400 block of Patrician Way. The reporting party noticed a blood trail outside of his house, so he checked his surveillance camera and saw a subject exit a vehicle with a bow and arrow, hide in nearby bushes and shoot a deer. The Department of Fish and Wildlife was advised and they responded along with Monrovia officers. Through investigation, the suspect was identified and located. Multiple criminal charges will be sought against the suspect.
Possession of Sawed-off Shotgun / Possession of a Controlled Substance – Suspects Arrested
September 16 at 12:07 a.m., police responded to a call reporting drug activity in the 200 block of E. Duarte. Officers located the reported vehicle that was occupied by two subjects. Officers were familiar with both subjects and one of them admitted to being in possession of narcotics. A search of the vehicle revealed narcotics, live ammunition, drug paraphernalia, and a sawed-off shotgun. Both suspects were arrested and a parole hold was issued for one of the suspects.
Possession of a Controlled Substance – Suspect Arrested
September 16 at 10:39 p.m., officers conducted a traffic stop on a vehicle for a traffic violation in the 2100 block of Parkrose in Duarte. The driver had a suspended driver’s license and a consent search revealed approximately 51 grams of methamphetamine, 22 grams of powder cocaine, a weight scale, cash, and dozens of empty baggies for drug packaging. The driver was arrested and charged with possession of a controlled substance for sales. The vehicle was stored.
September 17 at 2:20 a.m., an officer on patrol observed a vehicle commit a vehicle code violation in the area of Shamrock and Huntington. He conducted a traffic stop and upon contacting the driver, the officer noticed obvious signs of intoxication. The investigation revealed the driver was too intoxicated to drive a motor vehicle. He was arrested, booked, and after a sobering period, he was released with a citation to appear in court.
Possible Grand Theft Auto / Stolen Plates Recovered
September 17 at 7:30 a.m., dispatch informed officers of a possible stolen vehicle heading north on Myrtle. Officers located the vehicle matching the description and license plate. A high-risk stop was conducted. The driver of the vehicle turned out to be the owner. Someone had stolen her license plate and replaced it with the license plate from a stolen vehicle that was reported to La Verne Police Department.
Brandishing a Weapon
September 17 at 7:45 p.m., the victim called police to report that he was driving in the area of Olive and Mayflower, and nearly collided into another vehicle. That vehicle followed him and when they reached the intersection of Olive and Alta Vista, the victim exited his vehicle to speak to the other driver. That driver pulled out a black, semi- automatic handgun, held it outside his driver’s door with the barrel pointed down and slowly drove past the victim. Fearing for his safety, the victim did not say anything and drove home to report the incident to police. The suspect is described as a male Hispanic, driving a blue, early 2000 Honda Accord with tinted windows. The investigation is continuing.
Threatening / Vehicle Pursuit – Suspect Arrested
September 18 at 1:13 a.m., employees of a fast food restaurant in the 100 block of W. Duarte reported a male suspect at their drive-thru window making criminal threats. Officers arrived in the area and located a vehicle matching the description heading west on Duarte on the wrong side of the roadway. As an officer attempted to make a traffic stop, the vehicle fled and a pursuit ensued. The suspect vehicle collided with another motorist in the area of Huntington and Alta Vista, and then fled without exchanging information. The hit and run victim was not injured, but his vehicle sustained moderate damage. The pursuit terminated near Los Angeles and Ivy Avenues, where the driver fled from the vehicle, but a passenger was taken into custody. A lengthy search of a contained area was completed, but the suspect was not located. The passenger was arrested for making criminal threats. The investigation is continuing.
View Saturn and the Moon Tonight
City Council: Taking Back Our Communities; Coffee ...
St. Luke Church Will Bless Animals
Dinner at Copper Still Grill
Monrovia Police: Escapee Child - Sitter Arrested; ...
Sidewalk Art from Monrovia Public Works
Athens Will Try to Foil Trash-Eating Bears; Monrov...
'All Souls' Eve' Concert Set for October 28
Meeting on Homelessness, Upcoming Laws, Water Rate...
Monrovia Police: Thefts From Cars; Thefts of Cars;...
Monrovia Sidewalk Astronomers on Saturday Night
Lunch at Panera Bread
Monrovia Pavillions Is Re-Becoming Vons
Monrovia Police: Three Attempts to Steal Auto Fail...
Friends of Monrovia Library Book Sale Oct. 7-8
Monrovia Historical Museum Invites Community to Ce...
LA County Offering $20,000 Reward for Person Who K...
Cities Join Monrovia's Anti Crime Coalition; Repla...
Foothill Unity Center Picks Its 'Heart in Hand Hum...
Monrovia Finalist for 'Business Friendly' City Awa...
Monrovia Police: Carjacking; Lots of Drunk Driving...
Man Who Reportedly Shot Deer May Be Prosecuted
Man Says He Shot Deer in Monrovia Neighborhood to ...
Man Identified Who Allegedly Shot Deer With Arrow ...
How Monrovia-Based Trader Joe's Came to Be
Sex Offenders May Soon Be Able to Live Anywhere in...
Lunch at Chipotle
KGEM Executive Director Resigns 'Effective Immedia...
Monrovia Police: Persistent Burglar; Quick Recover...
Legislature to Require Community Colleges to Grant...
Monrovia Looking for Youth Commissioner; Film Liai...
Monrovia Police Report on Driver Checkpoint
Monrovia Police Prevent Possible Suicide; 459 Driv...
Monrovia Area Partnership Helps Fix a Front Yard
Got An Idea How to Repaint an Electrical Box?
Immigration Workshop at Monrovia High
Monrovia School Board to Consider Gardening Progra...
Monrovia's Rachael Corrales to be in Miss Teen Pag...
Dinner at Rudy's Mexican Food
Monrovia Police: Living It Up on Someone Else's Cr...
Help Monrovia's Boys and Girls Club Buy a New Van
Santa Fe Begins New Life as Santa Fe Computer Scie...
Mental Health Bill By Monrovia's Senator, Signed I...
Monrovia Police to Wear Pink Patches During Breast...
Monrovia's State Senator Gets Part of 134 Freeway ...
Monrovia Police: Ex-Boyfriend Chases Boyfriend Wit...
Pictures of Rehab of Old Monrovia Train Depot
What SMG Has Planned for Krikorian Theater
Saga Fine Art Gallery to Close
Monrovia Council to Consider Guestroom Doors at Az...
See Saturn Tonight With Monrovia's Sidewalk Astron...
Monrovia Loses to La Salle :-(
I Don't Think Monrovia's Zip Code Is 91017
Dinner at Domenico's
Monrovia's Mayflower Elementary Students Raising F...
Fellowship Monrovia Plans to Send People to Assist...
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Field Notes from a Graphic Designer with a Camera
Looking For Lao
I don’t have a solid criteria for how this list comes about, but mostly it’s just about what lingers in my head at the end of the year. There’s so much great music out there if you put in the effort to find it, but these stood out in 2017 as great, fully formed albums. In no particular order:
Thundercat : Drunk
Funk and whimsy! You really can’t go wrong with Thundercat. The album feels a bit rough around the edges in a good way—it’s very loose and funky. Cameos from Kenny Loggins, Michael McDonald, Kamasi Washington, and Kendrick Lamar, among others.
Favorite Track: A Fan's Mail (Tron Song II)
LCD Soundsystem : American Dream
Talking Heads Remain In Light is probably my favorite album of all time. American Dream channels that album and then some—and I love everything about it. Makes you want to dance. It’s good to have Murphy & Co. back making music again.
Favorite Track: Other Voices
The National : Sleep Well Beast
No other band I’d rather drink bourbon to. They keep making what is essentially the same album over and over again and I wouldn’t have it any other way.
Favorite Track: Nobody Else Will Be There
Moses Sumney : Aromanticism
I actually bought the Sumney EP called Mid-City Island with the song “Plastic” back in 2014. The song reappears here again on Aromanticism alongside a bunch of new tracks. Quiet, soulful, sad, and a bit sparse—and really great production.
Favorite Track: Plastic
Kamasi Washington : Harmony of Difference
I don’t listen to nearly enough modern jazz anymore for some reason, but occasionally somebody gets ahold of my earhole and I can’t ignore it. Kamasi Washington has been doing this for several years now.
Favorite Track: Truth
Gabriel Garzón-Montano : Jardin
R&B with plenty of funk and pop—reminds me a lot of D'Angelo and there’s a couple of songs that sound like they could have been written by Prince himself. I hadn’t heard of Gabriel before 2017, but I'm looking forward to more. If there was a Top 3 this would be in there.
Favorite Track: Crawl
Aimee Mann : Mental Illness
I love pretty much everything Aimee does, and this album is no exception. It’s just really good folk music, and we all need some—reminds me a lot of her earlier album Wise Up.
Favorite Track: Knock It Off
SZA : CTRL
Still working my way through this one, but it’s an obvious choice. Pushing the borders of the genre in the same way that Frank Ocean did with Channel Orange. Great stuff.
Favorite Track: Love Galore
Lana Del Rey : Lust For Life
Haters, are indeed going to hate. I’ve enjoyed a small handful of Del Rey’s songs over the years, but this feels like a solid album all the way through. Guest vocals from both Stevie Nicks and Sean Lennon are icing on the cake. I played this a lot over the summer—reminds me of California, natch.
Favorite Track: Heroin
Kiefer : Kickinit Alone
I spend a fair amount of time on Bandcamp and I occasionally find a gem. Kiefer Shackelford does really great jazz/soul with plenty of J Dilla inspired samples along the way. It’s instrumental hip-hop with a smokey lounge vibe. Kiefer should be famous soon.
Favorite Track: Tubesocks
Kevin Morby : City Music
I’m still pretty new to Morby’s stuff, but I like this album quite a bit (he was in a band called Woods a while back which I should probably listen to again). Anyway, just good songwriting all around.
Favorite Track: Dry Your Eyes
King Krule : The OOZ
I’ve been a huge Archy Marshall fan since I first heard The Noose of Jah City back in 2011. To be honest, I think this album needs some editing and refinement, but it’s still King Krule, and that’s all that really matters.
Favorite Track: Czech One
Sylvan Esso : What Now
I think this duo kind of found themselves by accident and the result is pretty great. Still listening to the old stuff currently, but I think I like it all. Feels like “electro-country” if that’s thing.
Favorite Track: Kick Jump Twist
Kendrick Lamar : Damn.
I think there has already been a lot written about this one.
Favorite Track: Loyalty
Father John Misty : Pure Comedy
Every Top Fifteen list needs a meta-ironic court jester.
Favorite Track: Ballad of the Dying Man
Valerie June : The Order of Time
Valerie was new to me as well, as I hadn’t heard any of the old stuff before. I like this quite a bit. Folk, country, gospel, blues, soul—all the good stuff.
Favorite Track: Astral Plane
Grimes : Art Angles
I didn’t find this album until late 2016, but it’s really the album I played the most last year. Grimes is probably my all out favorite thing of 2017. Claire Boucher deserves all of the accolades. Check out Kill V Maim or Venus Fly or even Oblivion from her previous album Visions. So good.
* There's actually 16 albums. Sorry.
Top Ten Music 2015
Here they are in no particular order, mostly. Some links to my favorite tracks included for your listening pleasure.
Khruangbin - The Universe Smiles Upon You
The Universe Smiles Upon You
Andy Shauf - The Bearer of Bad News
Wendell Walker
Sufjan Stevens - Carrie & Lowell
Should Have Known Better
Leikeli47 - Leikeli47
Heard 'Em Say
Roman GianArthur - OK Lady
All:Need
Tobias Jesso Jr. - Goon
Oddisee - The Good Fight
That's Love
Alabama Shakes - Sound & Color
Don't Wanna Fight
Kendrick Lamar - To Pimp a Butterfly
King Kunta
Father John Misty - I Love You Honeybear
Bored In The USA
Amason - Sky City
Went To War
Ibeyi - Ibeyi
Exhibit Diaz
The Villagers - Darling Arithmetic
Sorry, I guess that's thirteen. See you next year!
I’m Pretty Sure There’s a July
After every holiday dinner my grandmother would pull me aside and give me some words of advice. The advice varied, but over time, the same nuggets of wisdom would begin to repeat themselves. The two most popular were: “Don’t ever get a tattoo, because only sailors and criminals get tattoos” followed by the more common grandmotherly standard “Always wear underwear in case you get into an accident.” This wasn’t sage advice by any means, but I often recalled her words and found them comforting.
A year or so after graduating high school in 1986, I was preparing to move from Humboldt County down to The City where I would begin my study of graphic design at the Academy of Art College. Before the big move my grandmother pulled me aside one last time for some last minute wisdom before adding something new: “Always carry around a can of Lysol for spraying on handrails so you don’t catch that AIDS virus. San Francisco is full of that AIDS.” I think she was mostly joking this time, but I made a mental note anyway.
Art school was fun at first, but it didn’t really pan out for me. The many distractions of the city took hold and I slowly began failing my classes after the first year. I was young, distracted, on my own for the first time ever in San Francisco—and I’ve never been a good student—it’s just not my thing. So I decided to drop out to avoid any more tuition debt that my parents had been subsidizing. I was working part time as a moped messenger during school to pay the bills, and when the the crew at Aero Messenger heard I was now a college dropout, they happily gave me a full-time slot. The real world was calling.
I spent the next year speeding through downtown San Francisco traffic taking packages from one end of town to the other while running red lights, hopping curbs, careening down tiny alley ways, and basically trying to stay swift and upright as much as I could. I only ever got one ticket and I never wore a helmet. The bicycle guys had more messenger street cred than we did, but us moped guys could take stuff way outside the city if needed, and that’s why we were valuable. As long as you didn’t mind ducking when the kids would throw rocks and batteries at you, a 45 minute roundtrip to Hunter’s Point could be very lucrative.
We all wore the standard company blue windbreakers except for two brothers: Omar and Alex. They were members of a Mission Bloods gang who requested special red jackets and the guys at Aero obliged. One day I was cruising down Bryant street heading back to the shop after a long day and I see Omar flagging me down on the side of the road. I pulled over and he gave me a big bear hug. He had just been released from county after two months behind bars and I was the first person he saw. He was beaming. He grabbed my radio and started yelling in Spanish back to dispatch. Everybody chimed in on their radios and cheered his release. We had spoken maybe two or three words before this particular event, but now I felt like we were old pals.
During this time I was living in a flat off Golden Gate park on 44th & Fulton with my oldest friend Kevin who worked as a messenger for a reprographic firm, and another pal Sean, who I had met a few years earlier. I got Sean his first messenger job at Aero and he lasted one day on the moped before calling it quits. Sean was a real motorcycle guy—a Suzuki 1100 motorcycle guy—and the paltry top speed of 45 miles an hour on the two-stroke Puch just didn’t cut it for him. He took his race bike down the street to Lightning Express and eventually became one of San Francisco’s most notorious messenger outlaws. The SFPD would often put up road blocks to try and catch him. One night I looked out our window and saw a motorcycle headlight racing up the tree-lined hillside of Golden Gate Park across the street from our flat. Moments later Sean would burst through the back door panting with a wide grin as police cars sped by with lights flashing on the street below, the bike safely stashed in the woods. (Earlier in the day he had head-butted a lawyer who tried to cut in front of him to file legal papers at the county courthouse before the 4PM cutoff.) Sean died many years later in a motorcycle accident. His gas tank still hangs on the wall in memoriam at a bar called Zietgeist in the Mission.
We were all partying quite a lot. All the city’s messengers would get paid on Friday and then take their checks to a Filipino grocer just south of Market street. The grocer cashed all messenger checks without ID and no questions asked. In turn, we would all buy our beer and food at his market before heading out to various parties. Outside on the street an open-air drug market would form as everybody was flush with Friday cash. You could grab a case of malt liquor, a bindle of coke, a handful of ecstasy, and your weekend was pretty much covered.
This went on for almost a year until one bright, sunny Monday morning in early spring. Unlike a typical Monday, I wasn’t hungover from my usual weekend shenanigans as I had opted for a more subdued couple of days off. (There were quite a few life-threatening Mondays previous where I wasn’t even sure what planet I was on due to residual LSD psychosis and severe sleep deprivation, but this wasn’t one of them.) On this particular Monday I was clear headed with a fresh cup of coffee and a spring in my throttle. I grabbed my first ticket, started up the bike, and picked up my first run of the day. All was good in the world.
Crisscrossing the city all day would often make my mind wander—as well as my gaze. And I’ll be honest here, I had an enthusiastic appreciation for the backside of the female San Francisco office worker in high heels on her way to work. On this particular Monday, I encountered a posterior so captivating that I forgot for a moment that I was hurtling down Sansome street at 35 miles an hour. When I finally got my eyes back on the road, the last thing I remember seeing was a bus board advertisement for the Carl’s Jr. Double Bacon Western Cheese Burger—a half second from my face. Then a loud crunching sound.
I regained consciousness lying on my back in the middle of the street as a business man in a suit and tie loomed overhead asking if I was okay. (I wasn’t.) I got up and stumbled around a bit before falling down again in the gutter. When I woke up a second time I was looking out at the street from inside the back of an ambulance. I spotted Omar’s red jacket as he rested on his handlebars shaking his head. He must of been called to get my package and move it along. The back doors of the ambulance closed and that was the last time I ever saw him. The police report would later say that after hitting the bus I was thrown 75 feet through the air, but I don’t think they realized I had been stumbling around quite a bit before I passed out the second time.
The EMTs noticed that I was awake now and started asking me questions as the ambulance sped along with sirens blazing. Who was the president? George Bush (The Elder) seemed like the right answer, but I wasn’t entirely sure. They asked me if I knew what month it was and all I could come up with was that “I’m pretty sure there’s a July. Isn’t there an August too? Wait, what’s a month?” They kept up the questions for a bit and I struggled to answer them. Finally I looked out the window and realized that we were entering SF General. “Do you know where you are?” they asked me. “1001 Potrero.” I replied without hesitation. They seemed rather impressed with that one. As a messenger, I knew the address of every building in the city, and it was all starting to make sense now.
I was wheeled down a few hallways and led to a room where two doctors began poking and prodding. One of the doctors grabbed a pair of scissors and began to cut the legs of my pants off. As she got closer to removing the pants altogether it suddenly dawned on me: I wasn’t wearing any underwear. Grandma was right all along! It was not typical for me to go commando, but I had skipped laundry over the weekend and was forced to make due without. To make matters even worse, I had just got a tattoo the week before and it had barely healed. I was flouting years of guidence and paying for it dearly. The doctor finished the exam by sticking an index finger right where it mattered—almost as if to punish me for not listening to grandma—and I was now fully awake.
A bone was set and some holes were sewn up and I was placed in the common hallway for further concussion monitoring. There were other patients in beds all around me and the person behind me had a compound fracture and was screaming in pain for an hour before she was finally wheeled away for surgery. Patients and visitors and doctors all walked past my bed carrying on conversations and bumping into my IV stand.
More hours went by and I really needed to use the bathroom. I tried to get out of the bed in search of relief, but this proved to be more of a struggle than I anticipated. A nurse finally rushed over and asked what the hell I was doing. She gave me a plastic bottle and told me to fill it up and leave it on top of the bed when I was done. This seemed kind of awkward out there in the hallway with all the commotion, but it was my only recourse. I had some difficulty positioning the goods just so with my newly broken wrist, but I eventually got it right and began a very satisfying release. Just as I did this, a doctor approached my bed with about six medical interns all writing on clipboards. They formed a semi circle around me as the doctor began to explain my various head contusions while I tried keep the flow going unnoticed. He finally lifted up the blanket to show my slightly disfigured knee and they all nodded and took more notes. I’m not sure if they also noticed that I was filling up that bottle, but if they did, they never let on. The group moved down to the next patient and I placed the full bottle on the bed.
At around 6 in the evening I was finally wheeled out to the front of the hospital and the orderly wished me luck. It was getting dark now. I hobbled over to a bank of pay phones and called my friend Bill for a ride home. A few months later I moved back to Humboldt County and got a job as a bus boy in an Italian restaurant. I suppose the best advice my grandmother never gave me was that it’s very impolite to stare. But, I never did get another tattoo and my underwear drawer has been full ever since.
Top Ten 2014
D’Angelo - Black Messiah
Have to give this to D’Angelo because I’ve been waiting for this album for over a decade. And, it just so happens to be a great album. Pino Palladino on the bass makes it even better. Worth the wait. I think Really Love might be my favorite track.
Sun Kil Moon - Benji
My pal Dave pointed me in the direction of this album and I almost dismissed it twice because I just couldn’t quite grasp it. (Note to self: always play an album three times!) The only album all year that consistently made me sadhappy. Kind of incredible, actually. Ben’s My Friend.
FKA Twigs - LP1
I actually don’t like every song on this album. But man, the ones that are good are really good. It sounds like nothing else and that’s why it’s so compelling. Two Weeks is one of my favorite songs of the year.
Mac DeMarco - Salad Days
I caught up with this one late in the year and I’m still figuring it out. I can't tell if it’s ironic yacht rock or sincere chillout jazz—but it’s pretty fantastic all around. Salad Days on KEXP.
St. Vincent - St. Vincent
I own all of her previous stuff, but I never quite liked them enough as albums. This one finally hits the mark as a whole. Digital Witness is a really great song.
Ray LaMontagne - Supernova
This is the soundtrack of a roadtrip we took up the coast of Sonoma last summer where we stopped and ate oysters and drank champagne at every single small town along the way. Literally. Here he is on Letterman.
Beck - Morning Phase
Sea Change is my favorite Beck album and this picks up where that left off. I guess I prefer earnest Beck to ironic Beck.
Rat King - So It Goes
Hip Hop from Harlem. It’s their first studio album and two tracks feature another one of my favorites, King Krule. Rapid fire percussive vocals, unrelenting, slightly abrasive. Sounds good loud.
Chet Faker - Built on Glass
I like this guy a lot. Kind of reminds me of a soulful James Blake. R&B meets chopped & sampled. Looking forward to more from Chet.
Thomas Dybdahl - What's Left Is Forever
Dybdahl is one of my of my favorite artists and I still can’t figure out why the Norwegian isn’t more popular stateside. Jazz/R&B/Folk with a hint of Curtis Mayfield on the first (and best) track: This Love Is Here To Stay.
Klapp Klapp from Little Dragon was one of my favorite songs of the year, as was Cibo Matto’s Déjà Vu. Aphex Twin’s Syro had a couple of stellar tracks as well. Kendrick Lamar teaming up with Flying Lotus for Never Catch Me might be the song I played the most. And, First Aid Kit nearly made my top ten as did Kool A.D.’s Word O.K. and Food from Kelis. (Oh! I almost forgot: Yolandi always moves me. Ugly Boy.)
La Mian Ma‘ono Style : 拉麵
Here's my first attempt at pushing the record button on my Nikon D810. This was shot with a single camera in two takes (there are some continuity issues). But, overall it's a good first run at the next phase of LookatLao Studio: back to the very beginning—with video!
A short film showing the process of hand-pulling Chinese noodles (Lamian) with Khampaeng Panyathong and Mark Fuller of Ma‘ono Fried Chicken & Whisky.
Music from bensound.com
Sa Made Breakfast
Nong Bua, Thailand หนองบัว
Street Foods
Thailand 2014 ประเทศไทย
My pal Ong at work. Ayutthaya, Thailand อยุธยา
Top 15 Albums of 2013 and 5 Other Things I Liked
2013 was an amazing year for music. So many good albums showed up right until the very end of the year. (I’m really liking this new Beyoncé album believe it or not.) So this year’s list is mostly music with a few bits and pieces at the end for fun. On with it…
1. Nick Cave - Push The Sky Away Nick Cave made the best album of the year hands down. I’ve been following Cave since high school and he is truly one of a handful of musicians still able to make compelling music after thirty years. I was lucky enough to see the live show as well and his set list for the tour was pretty incredible. His latest version of Stagger Lee does not disappoint. I’ve been yacking about this album all year…I’ve said enough.
2. King Krule - 6 Feet Beneath The Moon I started following Archie Marshall late last year after purchasing his first self-titled EP immediately after hearing the song The Noose of Jah City. I almost like the less-produced earlier stuff better—it had a real basement quality to it. But, I like everything he’s doing. He’s going to be fun to watch over the next few years.
3. Rhye - Woman I’ve been a big fan of Mike Milosh for a while now and I really like this new collaboration with the guy from Quadron (who also put out a decent album this year). This remix of The Fall is pretty fantastic.
4. Tricky - False Idols I went to see a Liz Phair show in the early 1990s and the opening act was this guy who lit a giant blunt on stage and sang along to some pre-mixed stuff in a scratchy voice while the Moore Theatre filled with smoke. Maxinquaye came out a few weeks later and it’s still one of my favorite albums of all time. False Idols gets back to that original trip hop sound and Francesca Belmonte is a good match on vocals—it’s great to see Tricky back in form. (He’s still sampling David Sylvian too!)
5. Elvis Costello & The Roots This album is really good. One-off collaborations rarely are, so perhaps there will be more. This is great stuff. Check out Tripwire on Late Night..
6. Yasmine Hamdan - Ya Nass Yasmine hails from Lebanon and currently lives in Paris. She teamed up with the guy from Novell Vague and produced an excellent debut. The album is sung in various Arabic dialects set to dreamy music that combines traditional folk with electronica. Her voice is amazing. Check out Samar.
7. Haim - Days Are Gone Simple, great pop music. I played this one a lot. Loud. It was good. (Also, Este Haim has the best Bass Face ever.)
8. Lorde - Pure Heroine More great pop music. Check out a great early morning live performance on KCRW. She’s gonna be bigger than she already is.
9. Vampire Weekend - Modern Vampires of the City I really didn’t expect to like this album as much as I did. I liked both albums previous, but I assumed it would be more of the same. It’s not. It’s better.
10. Willy Mason - Carry On I first heard Willy Mason on the album Hawk from Isobel Campbell & Mark Lanegan. Then again on a great duet with Lianne La Havas called No Room For Doubt. This is the first album solo album from Willy that I’ve listened to. Sounds like tragic roots music with an occasional modern twist and some “Tom Waitsy” percussion. It is good. Talk Me Down Video
11. Blood Orange - Cupid Deluxe I didn’t know anything about Dev Hynes when I first heard this album. I’m still not even sure I know how to describe it. R&B? Silky bedroom disco? This video might help. I really do like it though.
12. The National - Trouble Will Find Me This album makes me want to drink too much whiskey and be sad, then happy. Then sad again. My kind of album. (Bonus points for ending the album with a nod to the Violent Femmes.)
13. Hiatus Kaiyote - Tawk Tomahawk Funk-rock-neo-soul with a guest appearance from Q-Tip! Something like Little Dragon meets Jill Scott. Can’t wait to hear more from these guys. Check them out on KCRW.
14. Jim James : Regions of Light and Sound of God This is a solo album from the guy who sings for My Morning Jacket. I never really got into My Morning Jacket, but I like this album quite a bit. A strange mix of folky electronic revival music from outer space. Here’s a video for A New Life with dancing buffalo lady.
15. Kanye West - Yeezus While it’s true that Kanye West has become a giant, ego-maniacal asshat over the years, I still (mostly) like the music he makes. This album is something altogether different—just like College Dropout was when it came out. Justin Vernon from Bon Iver is back singing as is last year’s favorite, Frank Ocean. Lou Reed probably wrote the best review of this album here. Lou calls the album “Majestic”. I don’t think I’d go that far, but either way—hurry up with my damn croissants!
Here’s some non-music stuff that I thought deserved a nod. Sadly, I don’t remember seeing one good movie all year long.
16. Hawkeye Comics - Matt Fraction & David Aja With the exception of Frank Miller’s Batman stuff, I’ve never been a big fan of super hero comics. And aside from the recent films, I know very little about Marvel’s Avengers. That said, Marvel’s new Hawkeye series from Matt Fraction and David Aja is easily my favorite comic book of the year. To be able to take a low-rent character like Hawkeye and turn him into something interesting—and funny—is a testament to Fraction’s writing. Pair that with Aja’s illustrations and a “Chris Ware like” attention to both detail and pacing and you have a superb comic about a regular joe who also happens to be an Avenger while managing an apartment building and getting into trouble with Russian hooligans, bro. The only bad thing I have to say about Hawkeye is that Aja doesn’t illustrate every issue, and I really prefer his stuff to his stand-in. If you have anyinterest in comic books or good story-telling go buy My Life As A Weapon and Little Hits.
17. Saga - Brian K. Vaughan & Fiona StaplesSaga is another excellent comic book (though, this one might be called a “Graphic Novel” even though I’m never quite sure what the difference is.) Vaughan wrote Y: The Last Man a few years back, and while I liked that quite a bit, Saga is much better. People are calling this a “Space Opera” and I suppose that’s a fitting title. Fantasy meets outer space in a classic Star Wars/Romeo & Juliet storyline with plenty of drama, comedy, sex and violence (not for the kids!). Vaughan’s storyline is great, but I really like Fiona Staples’ illustrations here. This one is just getting started, but it looks to be an epic tale. Pick up Saga Vol. 1 and Saga Vol. 2
18. It’s Always Sunny In Philadelphia I finally caught up with Always Sunny this year and watched every single season. Sweet jesus this show is great! Funniest thing on TV without question. Also I have a crush on Sweet Dee.
19. PBS - Mind of a Chef If all shows about food were this great I would get cable TV again. Mind of a Chef Season One is all David Chang with plenty of MSG and whiskey. Season Two is split between Sean Brock and April Bloomfield. Both seasons are narrated by Anthony Bourdain and the show is really fun and informative—lots of good science info and real world technique. Sean Brock did a great episode where he traced southern food to its true origins in West Africa. If you have AppleTV you can watch them all anytime you want.
20. Netflix - Orange Is The New Black/House of Cards If this is the future of television sign me up. Both of these shows were excellent and the all-in-one format is perfect for how I like to watch television. If only we could subscribe to HBO Go without the extra 200 channels of crap Comcast forces you to buy alongside it. Kudos to Netflix for doing it right.
Those conversations you have with friends where you make plans to get together but don’t quite seal the deal are the worst. Why do we do that? My friend Justin and I had made plans earlier in the year to hang out and get some food at a Kenyan Safari restaurant he was raving about in Georgetown. It sounded great. And, perhaps this is a Seattle thing, but we made all the necessary arrangements—save an actual date and time. In a word, we failed at being friends. This is not uncommon. It happens every day.
Fast forward ten months and I’m sitting at my desk working furiously under a handful of sinister deadlines. Throughout any given day, various people will email me asking for photographs for a magazine article or a blog post—all of my clients do this on a regular basis—it’s part of my job. Sure enough, my longtime pal and client Margaret from 611 Supreme was looking for some photos of our friend and her former bartender, Justin, and she was wondering if I had anything in high resolution for a flyer she was making. She also assumed that I knew what had happened. What happened? Well, it turns out that Justin had just killed himself a few days prior, and she wanted to make a flyer to promote a wake in his honor. I kind of lost it.
After sobbing into my keyboard for hours, I found some photos and sent them off and asked what had happened. Not many details, but she was hosting a wake of her own for Justin at 611 the very next day and I attended and saw all the old crowd and told all the old stories and we all cried quite a bit. It was a bittersweet, sad mess of an affair.
But what about Justin? He was such an amazing person. I sat at his bar for years. I saw him every Friday. It’s absurd to try and actually explain what a warm, honest and beautiful person he was. It’s also odd to say that you truly love somebody that you hadn’t seen in over a year—or only ever saw once a week previously at his workplace. But you couldn’t not love Justin. That’s just how it worked with him. But I’m not going to try to describe how great he was to people who didn’t actually know him—but if you did know him you completely understand. In the end, we had a few dinners together, saw a few live shows together, but mostly it was just hanging out at his bar at 611 that made the difference for me. He was a weekly respite from it all. He was somebody to look forward to.
Here’s my advice to everybody: Stop making those empty plans. Either make the plans or move on. But if you really want to spend time with somebody, do it. There’s only so much time left. Spend it with the people who make a difference in your life. Another thing, if you ever suspect your friends are suffering under the weight of the world, make that effort. Answer that phone call. Drive across town. Do what it takes. And finally, you don’t get to take your own life. As bad as it gets, you just don’t get to do that. As Louis C.K. said once: “It isn’t YOUR life. It’s something you PARTICIPATE in.” I was never quite sure I bought into this idea before, but man, I sure do now. I just wonder what conversation—what notion—could have made all the difference for Justin.
Justin, you were amazing. You were brilliant. You made an impression on every person you met. You mattered. I will miss you more than I could have ever imagined because I couldn’t ever imagine this sad scenario. I guess I always assumed we would eventually set a proper date and get some of that Kenyan Safari food whatever the hell it was. I guess I just waited too damn long. I’m so sorry I did.
See you in the next one brother.
Was It Real?
I watched a lot of television as a kid. A lot. For some reason I was even allowed to have a 12 inch black & white TV in my bedroom from time to time. Around the age of seven, I started seeing previews for a new show called The Six Million Dollar Man and I could barely contain my excitement. This show looked amazing. The premier episode seemed like more of an event than a show, and I was so ready to be a part of it all. On the day of the pilot episode, I made a giant bowl of cereal and sat myself down in front of the TV fifteen minutes early and waited for the magic to begin. Just as I got comfortable, my mom and dad walked into my room and asked me to join them in the living room for something very important. Important? What could be more important than a man barely alive that needs to be rebuilt with bionics? Better, stronger, and faster? I put down the cereal bowl in a huff and followed them into the living room.
"Geoff, your mom and I are getting a divorce. I’m going to live somewhere else now, but we’re all going stay friends."
"Okay." I said, rushing back to the TV just in time to catch the opening credits where Steve Austin’s aircraft crashes into the desert. The show was amazing. I watched every single episode that followed it—even the Lindsay Wagner stuff.
The strange thing is, I have no memory of Dad leaving the house. It never felt like anything bad ever happened. It just happened—probably a few days or weeks later—I really have no idea. It hardly seems real. But I remember that particular night like it was yesterday. And Dad was right, we all got to be friends.
Since mom had a full-time job I quickly became a latch-key kid and the television became kind of like a buddy. I had lots of real friends, and we all spent lots of time outside riding bikes and building forts and all that good unsupervised stuff childhood is famous for, but right after school I always had some time to myself at home. And during that time it was all Brady Bunch, Gilligan’s Island and Star Trek reruns. I can still sing the theme songs to both Petticoat Junction and Love Boat without really trying.
Some of my more vivid memories involve experiencing televised events with my (newly single) mom on the couch after doing my homework. Back then, watching television seemed like much more of a collective, societal event—it always seemed like everybody was watching the same thing at the same time—no cable, no DVR, nothing on demand. You actually had to tune in. And we often did. Together we watched Michael Jackson’s first moonwalk on the Grammy Awards, Mary Lou Retton getting a perfect 10 at the Los Angeles Olympics, and we were both shocked to discover that it was the sister-in-law who shot J.R. (spoiler alert). Granted, perhaps Michael Jackson’s Moonwalk was not quite as important as Neal Armstrong’s in the grande scheme of televised events, but to me, it was pure magic.
But, of all the shows we watched together I think it was Miami Vice that had the biggest impact on me. Miami Vice changed television and it changed me. I was already in high school when the pilot came out, but that didn’t stop me from staying home on Friday nights with my mom to watch Crocket & Tubbs battle the evil drug lords of Dade County. This was an entirely new genre. It was really the first television show to introduce style as substance. And Michael Mann did it brilliantly. Before Miami Vice, television was just weak plots with one-dimesional characters involved in gunfights where nobody ever died. Mann introduced pop music and art direction. Consequence and grit—polished grit mind you—but it was still grit. Miami grit. Shit was going down. And it seems hard to imagine now, but nothing like this existed at all before Miami Vice arrived on the small screen in 1984. Michael Mann changed television.
My favorite scene—and what is one of the greatest scenes in all of television—occurred during the pilot. This was Michael Mann showing the world what this whole thing was going to be about. Our two heroes, undercover vice cops Crockett & Tubbs, are speeding through Miami in a black Ferrari Daytona as the Phil Collins song “In The Air Tonight” begins to play. The song starts with a simple synth drum and bit of guitar reverb—but overall it’s very sparse. Throughout the first part of the scene there is no ambient sound at all, just the music. It is entirely quiet. The car is filmed from various angles and the camera keeps coming back to the streetlights reflected off the Ferrari’s hood as the road speeds by. Crockett & Tubbs look angry and tired—but determined. They drive on, obviously heading to some sort of ultimate standoff.
Enter Michael Mann’s genius: Tubbs, in the passenger seat, picks up a sawed-off shotgun and begins loading shells into it. While the sound of the car is still completely mute, the sound of the shells—thunk…thunk—are crystal clear. (So great!) He finally closes the gun with a loud clack as Phil Collins begins to sing. The song is still fairly subdued and a synthesizer quietly creeps in alongside Phil. Then Sonny decides he has time to make a phone call and pulls up to a pay phone below a giant pink and teal neon sign for Bennay’s Cafe. (So eighties!) He calls his ex-wife and asks her a question: “It was real wasn’t it?” He’s referring to everything they had together before the breakup because he knows he is going in deep now, he might not see her or the kid for a long time—if ever. She says yes. It was real, and asks what’s wrong. Nothing. He gets back into the car and speeds off at the exact moment that Phil Collins’ synth drums really kick in—you know the part. (It gives me chills every time.) This scene introduced the beginning of a new kind of television. Television that would blend music and fashion with action and style. It was the greatest thing I had ever seen on that 20 inch box in all of my 15 years.
I watched every episode after. I began to wear teal sport coats made from linen. I wore topsiders with no socks. Wayfarer sunglasses. The show had an effect on me. Eventually, after a few seasons, the term “Miami Vice” itself became a pejorative to describe questionable fashion choices and I soon traded in my pastels for black. But it was a good run while it lasted. I have no regrets.
Memory is a funny thing. I had carried a vivid memory of that scene in my head for nearly two decades before I ever saw it again. It was always with me and I would describe it during various (drunken) conversations with friends in bars or at parties. "The greatest scene in the history of television!" I would proclaim… But in my mind I always thought Sonny had said: “Was it real?” in the phone booth. Once YouTube showed up I finally got to see the clip again and discovered that he actually said "It was real, wasn’t it?" Close enough. I suppose most of the things I remember are real in varying degrees.
Watch the scene here. There are a few moments of footage before and after the scene I’m referring to. When the music starts you’ll know.
http://youtu.be/E1o-NWNmQLM
If you are interested, Miami Vice is available on Netflix streaming. I’m well into season two. Television will never be the same.
Street Photography in Thailand and The Fuji X100
Before leaving for my annual trip to Thailand this year, I made a decision to leave my Pro Nikon DSLR at home, and instead, bring with me a camera I had only owned for a couple of days: The Fuji X100 Rangefinder. I had been eyeing this camera for over a year, and yes, it has massive retro appeal. But more importantly, it has excellent retro function. Specifically: knobs and dials. I love knobs and dials. Knobs and dials are what make cameras easy to use. I’ve owned several (expensive) small cameras before and they all ended up gathering dust on the shelf for one specific reason: lack of knobs and dials. There is nothing more frustrating to a photographer than having to wade through an impossible menu system to simply change aperture. Granted, these cameras were designed as point and shoot—and I guess they work just fine for that. But if you really want to control your shot, they all fail miserably. And, since I can’t afford a Leica, I was always stuck lugging around my five pounds of Nikon and a bag of lenses. Not a real problem mind you, but I longed for something different. The Nikon always made it feel like I was working.
Then came this Fuji X100. Rangefinder style and function coupled with an excellent digital backbone. It seemed perfect. And it is. It’s a really great camera—perfect for street/travel photography. It’s small and it stays out of the way—even while hanging around your neck. And it takes stunning photos. And those knobs! That said, it’s not an easy camera to use. You really have to have a solid understanding of photography to get good photos out of it. It’s basically a manual camera, though it works in aperture priority or shutter priority just fine. But it’s quirky as hell. Though, once you get it dialed in, you can really have fun with it. I read the manual on the plane ride over, and I should probably read it again to fill in some gaps. But here’s what I shot over a two week stay in Thailand.
The camera itself has really changed how I typically approach photography. I’ve never been much of a street photographer, but I now fully appreciate the appeal of it. Small camera, inconspicuous, waiting for moments. Staying slightly ahead of certain subjects, hiding in doorways, shooting from the hip. So much fun! The camera itself got a fair amount of attention too, and my favorite comment was from an Englishman I was hanging out with who asked: Is that a proper camera?
I’ll still use the Nikon for all my pro stuff. But when I feel like wandering around aimlessly with a camera, the X100 will be around my neck. I even found a used old-timey strap for $5 before I left town.
Check out the Thailand photos on Flickr.
Moo Gratah
Some Stuff I Wrote in 1996 While Living in Ayutthaya, Thailand
At one point, while living in Thailand nearly 20 years ago, I decided I needed to start writing some poetry. I’m not sure if it was because I was was living in a one-room apartment with no phone, television or computer to distract me, or if it was because I was drinking a lot of malt liquor and reading Bukowski. In any case, for two straight weeks I churned out clumsy prose like a madman. I never again tried to write poetry, and that is just fine by me. Here are a few unedited leftovers from that time. Your mileage may vary.
The Noodle Girl
The old, fat, convicted child molester teacher sat down across from me at a roadside noodle house.
“You know, Geoff,” he said. “Every time I make a date with these Thai girls I always get stood up.”
“Well, that’s the Thais for ya.” I said.
The noodle girl waited for him to order. He ordered in English. She looked at me. I translated.
“You know Geoff, whenever they wash my clothes they always lose my slacks. I tell ’em: HOW AM I GONNA TEACH ENGLISH IF I DON’T HAVE ANY SLACKS?”
The old, fat, convicted child molester teacher lit a cigarette and shook his head. I couldn’t quite understand what he was doing here. Teaching english to small children. He collected his styrofoam noodle containers and left. I finished my beer.
Two months later the old, fat, convicted child molester teacher married the noodle girl.
Well, that’s the Thais for ya.
The english teacher from California called us snobs because we didn’t hang out with the other foreigners. Then he talked some bullshit beer philosophy.
“Can there be effect without cause?” He pondered.
We yawned, paid our bill and went bowling. Verbal trickery and drunken paradox don’t hold a candle to a good game of ten pin.
The Cows
We had walked for almost an hour and we finally saw lights ahead. And a big Coke sign. Whenever we saw a Coke sign we knew civilization was close at hand. Restaurants began to appear, bars, things were looking up. This one bar we passed had a girl in a pink miniskirt singing songs inside a giant fishbowl with little plastic fish hanging from string. We took a turn down a dark alley and came out on another street.
“OH SHIT!” I yelled.
“What?” Dave said.
“Cows!”
“Oh my god, you’re right. Cows!” The road was full of cows. Drivers were slamming on their breaks trying to avoid smashing into the cows. We needed to get across that street. Dave started walking.
“What the hell are you doing?”
“Crossing the street.”
“But the cows!”
"What? They don’t charge do they?”
“I don’t know? They got horns!”
We made it across. Sat down. Ordered a bottle of Mekong.
Loy Gratong
It was one of those wacky Thai holidays where everyone throws bombs at each other. A group of about 15 guys sat in a circle across the street from me and passed around a bottle of Mekong. They seemed nice enough.
They threw a bomb at me.
It exploded under a car. Jim ran out of the bar and asked what was happening. I told her the guys across the street threw a bomb at me. She yelled at them in Thai. I assumed she told them not to throw any more bombs at the farang. I couldn’t really blame them. I’m a big white guy in Thailand on a bomb-throwing holiday. What did I expect?
They laughed at Jim and threw another bomb.
This bomb rolled into the street in front of Jim’s bar and exploded. Ong came out this time and gave them a stare only a former gangster turned humble, beer swilling artist can give.
His face was all twisted and mean.
He got on the phone. Made a call. Then disappeared behind the bar and came back with a hatchet.
I ordered a beer.
Soon the gangsters showed up. They rode Harleys. I knew them all. We had shared beers before. But now they seemed different. Menacing.
They ordered beers and started loading their 9mm clips with tiny bullets. I took a long drink of beer and started to sweat. I looked outside and the guys across the street were pacing back and forth and yelling at each other. One guy had a samurai sword.(!)
I sat in the corner and watched my lovable Thai friends transform themselves into axe-wielding hooligans. They laughed quietly and drank several more beers each. Then, they all stood up and turned to go outside. Here comes the killing.
Before I could panic and run out the back door and into the Chao Phraya River, the cops showed up. The cops and the gangsters all had a good laugh together. They were obviously pals. The guys from across the street were rounded up and sent off to jail.
I caught a tuk tuk home and sat down and drank two large bottles of malt liquor.
Sunday Market
Chiang Mai, Thailand. เชียงใหม่
Young Dulcimer Player at the Sunday Market : Chiang Mai, Thailand. เชียงใหม่
Lanterns : Chiang Mai, Thailand. เชียงใหม่
Don Muang Airport : Bangkok ท่าอากาศยานดอนเมือง
Cut Up Method
While having an iChat conversation one evening with my pal Lorie, unbeknownst to us, her computer at work was somehow capturing just my side of the conversation. The result is a fine poem.
Burroughs would be proud…
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Birthday Party in Strathpeffer for the Queen
News » Birthday Party in Strathpeffer for the Queen
On Saturday 11 June Mrs Janet Bowen, Lord-Lieutenant for Ross and Cromarty, Skye and Lochalsh, co hosted a tea party with members of the community, for the elderly to mark the occasions of Her Majesty the Queen's 90th birthday.
The Union Flag was raised, the cake was cut and the inviteesere able to enjoy a splendid array of baking whilst being entertained by the Strathpeffer Primary School (dancing from the '20's), accordion playing by Hamish Polson, the Fyrish Fiddlers and the Strathpeffer Pipe Band.
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Kate Messner
Many Ways to Tell a Story: How Authors Choose a Narrative Voice
One of the things I love about the world of children’s writing is how passionate people are about their opinions and how excited most of us are to engage in lively, thoughtful discussions of craft. One of those conversations got started this week when a blogger at School Library Journal said this:
“While present tense will probably have no bearing on whether a book receives Newbery consideration, it is nevertheless bad writing, and 90% of the writers who use it can’t pull it off.” ~Jonathan Hunt
He went on to list all the no-good, very-bad things about books written in present tense, especially first person present tense.
Now, if you’re not an English teacher or a writer or a particularly detail oriented reader, you probably don’t think about this when you’re reading. Most of us don’t pause mid-chapter to say, “By golly…this is first person present tense narration!” In fact, if the story is written well, we usually don’t notice at all. If you’re not the sort of person who pays attention to such things, here’s a quick overview.
First person means a character in the story is telling the story, either in past or present tense.
1st person past: I leaned over to pet the dolphin, and it chomped down on my hand.*
1st person present: I lean over to pet the dolphin, and it chomps down on my hand.
Third person means an outside narrator is telling the story. So…
3rd person past: She leaned over to pet the dolphin, and it chomped down on her hand.
3rd person present: She leans over to pet the dolphin, and it chomps down on her hand.
*Yes, this happened. It was a lapse in judgement.
Anyway… there’s also the question of whether third person narration is omniscient (with a sort of eye-in-the-sky storyteller, who knows everything and can see inside all the characters’ heads) or limited (where the story is in third person but you still experience it from a particular character’s point of view & don’t know what the others are thinking). And there’s also second person, but those are topics for another day.
Authors have lots of different reasons for choosing the narrative voice for a particular book. One story might work best in third person past tense, with an omniscient narrator, while another might be better told in first person. I tend to agree with Mr. Hunt that first person present tense, done poorly, can be particularly grating to a reader’s sensibilities. But I also think it can be a powerful narrative voice in the hands of a talented writer. Here are just a few examples, some of which you’ve probably seen on awards and bestseller lists.
I asked Facebook friends to share some thoughts on first person, present tense point of view, and I think their responses offer a great, diverse, and thoughtful perspective on this topic.
When does first person present tense work well, and why might an author choose it? And what are some of your favorite books using this narrative voice?
WINTERGIRLS, I think. Everything is so heightened in that book, everything is about life in that exact moment just as the character perceives it. The character herself is really stripped of perspective, stripped of everything besides her present. I also think it’s simply necessary sometimes, in books so much about growth and change–narration that takes place AFTER the moment of realization and change can create some distance between narrator and subject, giving the narrator wisdom the character does not have, and thus depriving the reader of the chance to really experience that change with the reader. There’s so much artistry in first person present–you can use every aspect of the telling of the story to help convey the energy of the character journey.
~Anne Ursu, author of BREADCRUMBS and THE REAL BOY
I had written Chained in the past tense at first, & Patricia Lee Gauch said during a critique at Chautauqua, “Something’s telling me you should write this in the present tense.” I tried it and it felt right, so switched it to a present tense novel. I think it offers a feeling of traveling in real time along with the characters.
~Lynne Kelly Hoenig, author of CHAINED
I often choose first-person because that voice helps me to more effectively make an emotional connection with my reader, and I see that as a vital element of my work.
~Nikki Grimes, author of PLANET MIDDLE SCHOOL and WORDS WITH WINGS
Liar & Spy by Rebecca Stead. It HAS to be in first person present tense or the whole thing would fall apart. There is the story that Georges is telling us — the story he is telling himself — and then there is the whole truth. The story is of him learning/admitting the truth, and told in the past tense it would lose all of its power. Well, not all of it’s power, because Rebecca Stead is amazing.
~Megan Frazer Blakemore, author of THE WATER CASTLE and THE SPYCATCHERS OF MAPLE HILL
HUNGER GAMES. That trilogy would instantly lose half its intensity if it were written in third person, so we weren’t so immediately in Katniss’s head and experiences, or if it were in past tense, which would mean that the action is over and completed and Katniss survived it all to tell it from a place of safety. First person present can be overused for sure, and used badly, but in it, we do not know what’s going to happen to our viewpoint character because s/he doesn’t know him/herself, and if you’re invested in the character, that is close to the highest-tension place you can be as a reader.
~Cheryl Klein, senior editor at Scholastic
In Jessica Spotswood’s excellent Cahill Witch Chronicles (starting with BORN WICKED), the present-tense narration works especially well to help readers experience the narrator’s relationships with her two sisters. If the books were written in past tense, the narrator would have more time to reflect and reconsider her powerful and not always kind reactions, and we’d lose a lot of the emotional intensity and honesty that forms the heart of the story. Additionally, a lot of tension in the series comes from the fact that we know one of the sisters (perhaps the narrator) is going to die, but neither we nor the narrator know which sister it will be. This tension can really only exist in a story told in the present tense.
~Caroline Carlson, author of THE VERY NEARLY HONORABLE LEAGUE OF PIRATES books
I’m currently finishing up a middle-grade present tense book. I think it works in particular circumstances (and I’ve definitely used it before). In this case, the protagonist is stuck in an emergency situation for a period of 48 hours, so the present tense is for her present emergency, but during the crisis, she spends a lot of time in flashbacks. The use of present tense vs. past tense I think really anchors the story and differentiates the two layers, while also allowing me to heighten the urgency of the crisis.
~Karen Rivers, author of THE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ME
WE WERE LIARS by E. Lockhart. This story told from any other POV would not have had as much of an impact on me. Finding out what happens at the same time as Cadence was heart rending. I was an emotional wreck while reading it, and sad for days after.
~Wendy Watts Scalfaro, teacher-writer
Nora and I just read Lions of Little Rock and The One and Only Ivan. If I recall, both were written in 1st person present. We loved both. We’re not critics of writing ability, but the tense used did not change how we enjoyed the stories. In fact, it wasn’t until I read your post that I even considered what tense the authors used.
~Art Graves, bookseller & dad
It’s often used in verse, and may particularly help explore layers of time when the subject is history. I agree with others re the sense of immediacy, which may be partly why Jacqueline Woodson chose it for brown girl dreaming and Marilyn Nelson for Carver and how i discovered poetry, inviting readers to be part of a particular time, looking back and ahead.
~Jeannine Atkins, author of BORROWED NAMES:POEMS ABOUT LAURA INGALLS WILDER, MADAM C.J. WALKER, MARIE CURIE, AND THEIR DAUGHTERS
I used it in Trauma Queen, which is about a tween girl’s terror of being mortified, at any given moment, by her performance artist mom. The first person present tense helped me convey a “Oh no–what will she do next?” urgency. I think it helped put the reader in my protagonist’s (often uncomfortable) shoes.
~Barbara Dee, author of TRAUMA QUEEN
I chose first person present tense for THE BALLAD OF JESSIE PEARL because it felt right for this particular book. My novel is set in the 1920’s and about a subject that modern American kids would know little about: tuberculosis. My hope is that by making the choices that I did, it pulls the reader in close and the immediacy erases the nearly one hundred year time gap from 1922 until today.
~Shannon Hitchcock, author of THE BALLAD OF JESSIE PEARL
We used it in the Sugar Plum Ballerina chapter books. I think it gives the books an immediacy that helps hook younger readers. As Barbara Dee said above, it seems to me to increase urgency.
~Deborah Underwood, author of THE QUIET BOOK and HERE COMES THE EASTER CAT
My first two novels were in first/present and my next ones are in first/past. For my first book, Rules, present tense is just the way the words came. I didn’t even think about it. Kids often say about Rules that they felt like they were there with Catherine experiencing the story, not reading it. Both tenses have pluses and minuses, though. It’s more awkward to deal with the passage of time in present, since everything is “now.” Past can have more of a storytelling feel, but that also adds some distance. Readers do have preferences, but that doesn’t mean other choices aren’t valid. There are many ways to tell a story.
~Cynthia Lord, author of RULES, TOUCH BLUE, and HALF A CHANCE
I’m ending this post with Cindy’s comment because I love her last line.
There are many ways to tell a story.
I am always wary of writing advice presented in black and white terms. Stories are more complicated than that, and writing them requires a spirit of openness and exploration. Good writers – whether they’re students or professionals – have always made choices about narrative voice thoughtfully, based on story, characters, and craft. No one’s personal preference presented as fact on a blog post should change that.
For more on craft and narrative voice, you should also check out Linda Urban’s brilliant blog post about points of view. It’s another thoughtful exploration of how and why an author makes that decision about voice.
Feel free to continue the conversation in comments – respectful, thoughtful discourse is always welcome here.
Celebrating Read In Week October 6-10
A number of schools have contacted me lately, asking if I can Skype in to read a story for Read-In Week October 6-10. This seems to be a Canadian sort of holiday, I discovered, but I’m all for reading aloud and would vote to make it a world-wide affair.
But because I’m working on THREE new books right now (yay!) I can’t add any more days to my Skype visit schedule this fall. I’d love to visit all of your classrooms, though, so I’ve put together a video to celebrate READ-IN Week with everyone. It’s about six and a half minutes long…a quick hello at the beginning, and then I share a few books I’ve been reading lately and finally, wrap up with a read-aloud of OVER AND UNDER THE SNOW. Enjoy!
Seasons of Reading
I spent much of the summer working on book 3 of my Ranger in Time series with Scholastic and another project, so most of my reading was research related – slave narratives and other documents from the mid-19th century. But I did manage to sneak in some other great books, too.
Does anyone else have “reading seasons?” Most of my reading life centers around children’s books, from picture books to middle grade and YA novels and nonfiction. But in the summer months, I tend to drift toward books that were written for adults. My favorites this summer were THE MAGICIAN’S LAND and EDIBLE.
THE MAGICIAN’S LAND is the third in a trilogy from Lev Grossman. Aside from my passion for all things Harry Potter, I’m not much of a fantasy reader, but these books enchanted me from the beginning. The main character gets whisked off to a university for magicians in the first book (he thought he was interviewing for Princeton, but whatever) and that university, Brakebills, has all of the charm and wonder of Hogwarts mixed with the more jaded world view of those who have just entered adulthood. There’s a magical land as well, along with all the wondrous, frightful creatures one would hope to find there, plenty of heroic quests, and an exploration of the darker side of magic, ambition, and power, too. I loved visiting this world again, and I’m sad that the last book is over. If you’re a grownup fan of Hogwarts or Narnia, don’t miss these books. (Note: they are not for kids, but some older HS readers will love them.)
EDIBLE : AN ADVENTURE INTO THE WORLD OF EATING INSECTS AND THE LAST GREAT HOPE TO SAVE THE PLANET was probably my favorite book of the summer. I was reading it on the deck one day when my son walked by, looked at the cover, and got a terribly concerned look on his face. “Dad…did you see what Mom’s reading?” For days, the family looked more carefully at their dinner plates. Because yes…this really is a book about eating bugs. They’re full of protein and commonly eaten in cultures where it isn’t socially weird to do so, and they’re far more sustainable to raise than cows or pigs. What’s not to love? In friendly, fascinating narration, the author, budding entomophagist Daniella Martin, takes us along on her journey to explore insects as food – from a food truck in San Francisco to an Asian night market to a high-end Scandinavian restaurant. What would it take to get us to accept insects as a food source? I found this to be an intriguing question, and I’ve been looking at the grasshoppers in my garden a little differently ever since.
Now summer is over, and I’m wandering back toward my cooler weather reading habits. These two are up next on my book pile…
What about you? What were your favorite books of the summer, and what’s on your radar for fall?
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Kate Messner @KateMessner
Such a fun afternoon at @bookstoreplus in Lake Placid! Thanks to the staff & all the readers who came in out of the rain to talk books with us! https://t.co/PgWpp7LdhD
Linda Marshall @L_E_Marshall
Great fun at The Bookstore Plus in Lake Placid, NY!! Kate Messner and her latest Ranger in Time release. I’m signing Good Night, Wind. Such a honor! Thank you @bookstoreplus @KateMessner @HolidayHouseBks @ChristaHeschke @OuiMaelle https://t.co/SezUba55cQ
It's not too late to sign up for #TeachersWrite for this summer! We have two more weeks of writing craft lessons and prompts on the way. Details & a link to sign up are here: https://t.co/jFOCLt36dM https://t.co/iEcB6GyQB8
Hey, writers of nonfiction! Check out the comments on this post: https://t.co/atQHchgZq7 It's a master class in writing informational picture books!
Thanks to #TeachersWrite mentor text authors @tracisorell & @Patricia_Writer who did a Q&A on my blog today!
#ReaderMail from Kendra...
"Thanks for coming to our school! I thought you were outgoing and joyful... It was really nice of you to come to the best school in the United States and parts of Canada."
#Readermail from Grant and Drew...
"Dear Mrs. Kate Messner,
Thank you for coming to our school. You're really nice and you have a lot of expression and you would make a really great comedian."
"Dear Mrs. Messner,
I think all of your books are great but I think I like Breakout the best. It's really good! I hope you know how talented you are. Also, can you say hi to your kids for me?"
#ReaderMail
P.S. for Jake & Ella - Hi from Oona! ❤️
Writing in Rhyme (is a lot trickier than you might think!)
This spring, Lin-Manuel Miranda of Hamilton fame set the children’s Twitterverse on fire with a casual tweet about how bad he thought most rhyming picture books were. Aside from Seuss and Boynton, he hadn’t read many he liked. His complaint was met with an avalanche of tweets suggesting the good ...
Writing Informational Picture Books: Q&A with Traci Sorell and Patricia Valdez
This week, we've been learning from two amazing nonfiction picture books, and today, their authors join us to answer some questions! Got a question about writing craft for Traci Sorell or Patricia Valdez? Feel free to post your question in the comments. Traci and Patricia will be stopping by to ...
Joan Procter, Dragon Doctor: Learning from a Mentor Text
One of the things I love about nonfiction picture books is that they come with so many different structures and styles. Yesterday, we took a closer look at Traci Sorell’s We Are Grateful: Otsaliheliga, which takes a look at the tradition of gratitude in Cherokee culture. Traci is an enrolled ...
We Are Grateful: Otsaliheliga - Studying a Mentor Text
Before I share this morning's Teachers Write post, would you take a minute to celebrate with me? I have a new book in the world today!Ranger in Time: Night of Soldiers and Spies is the latest in my Scholastic chapter book series about a time-traveling search and rescue dog and ...
Picture Book Nonfiction: What Do You Wonder?
Good morning, and welcome to Teachers Write! I'm so glad you're writing with us this summer. Together, we'll be working on our craft through five amazing mentor texts this summer. We're going to start with a focus on informational writing.Sometimes, when we’re trying to help writers choose a topic, we ...
Copyright © 2019 Kate Messner. All rights reserved.
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Leonore Overture
collects the music and arts criticism of Keith Powers
Oct 27 Dutoit’s “La Damnation de Faust” with the Boston Symphony Orchestra.
Tenor Paul Groves (left) as Faust, mezzo Susan Graham as Marguerite, bass-baritone John Relyea as Méphistophélés (far right). Charles Dutoit conducts the Boston Symphony Orchestra, Oct. 26, 2017. Hilary Scott photograph.
Charles Dutoit, and Berlioz, make a good match.
One doubts that the Swiss conductor would like to be solely remembered for his remarkable devotion and command in French repertory. But it’s undeniable.
In the Boston Symphony Orchestra’s staging of “La Damnation de Faust,” onstage at Symphony Hall through Saturday evening, Berlioz’s brilliant display of musical characterizations was fully realized by Dutoit, four solid soloists, and the impeccable Tanglewood Festival Chorus.
Tenor Paul Groves sang the title role, with bass-baritone John Relyea as Méphistophélés, and mezzo Susan Graham as Marguerite. Baritone David Kravitz sang the role of Brander. The TFC, prepared by James Burton, was joined by the children’s choir of St. Paul’s Church in Cambridge, prepared by John Robinson.
Berlioz’s brilliant display of stylistic characterizations is an oratorio by any definition. He didn’t call it that, and perhaps some of a pious bent would object to a narrative detailing the utter victory of the devil being a religious subject. Although there are operatic stagings of the work, with engaged, theatrical soloists like these four, the narrative comes to life easily in an orchestral setting.
It is a taut, intense story of life, yearning and love—and folly. Goethe’s monumental work thankfully remains visible in the many musical settings of this sprawling tale of the dissatisfied philosopher who makes a fatal pact and pays the price. Berlioz’s “Damnation” is among the greatest of these.
Groves sang with force. Some of the range in this part proved too high for his comfort zone, and notes in his head voice sounded labored and unachieved at times. A post-concert message from BSO administration noted that he was suffering from a throat condition, which he only realized while onstage. But he engaged fully in the part, successfully portraying Faust’s shifts from solitary happiness to world-weary frustration to love, and eventually to doom.
Relyea had no trouble fitting his part into his instrument, and sang with dark authority. The vocal star onstage was clearly Graham, as she has been in many performances. Effortless, powerful, she not only delivered the notes, she wrapped her voice around the character. Her Marguerite sounded both tender and alive. Kravitz sang with great character in his one aria, the mock-epic of the rat’s death.
The male-dominated chorus brought multiple roles to life, and were responsible for the cohesion that made this an overall success. Variously portraying dancing villagers, marching soldiers, drunken revelers and babbling demons, Burton’s ensemble put its great preparation and versatile skill-set to great use.
There are many highlights in “Damnation”: the three main solo vocalists, and the multiple facets of the choral writing, of course. The instrumental score matches these with brilliant colorizations.
Solos abound. Violist Steven Ansell, duetting with Graham in the elegant “King of Thule” aria, played with verve, negotiating the tricky rhythms underpinning the moment. Robert Sheena’s English horn shown in multiple solos. Horns, onstage and off-, added fanfares, martial underpinnings, and many moments of alarm.
The Boston Symphony Orchestra, Charles Dutoit conducting, performs Berlioz’s “La Damnation de Faust” this afternoon and Saturday evening at Symphony Hall. 888-266-1200; bso.org
CADENCES: The supertitle system frequently failed to function. One particular lapse, when Marguerite whispers “Folie,” after her dream of Faust, and before the noble “King of Thule” aria. The abrupt transition—for non-French speakers—got lost. Violas were seated front of stage left—perhaps to allow principal Steven Ansell’s beautiful duet in that aria to sound out.
Of note from previous BSO performances: Georg Henschel sang in the first complete American performance in 1880, which was led by Theodore Thomas (his Thomas Orchestra) in Boston Music Hall. Subsequently, as the BSO’s first music director, Henschel led excerpts of the work. Koussevitzky led the first complete BSO performance in 1934, and Arthur Fiedler prepared the Cecilia Society Chorus for that event. Seiji Ozawa began his BSO music directorship in 1973 with “Damnation,” and would lead many performances during his tenure.
Boston Symphony Orchestra, Symphony Hall, Charles Dutoit, Susan Graham, Paul Groves, John Relyea, David Kravitz, Berlioz
Nov 5 New Gallery Concert Series, with Castle of our Skins. Saturday, Nov. 4, at New School of Music in Cambridge.
Oct 20 Boston Symphony Orchestra stages "Peer Gynt."
©2018 Keith Powers
Education Archive
Program & Liner Notes
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HomeBiopicHamlet 2 (2008) -vs- Mr. Holland’s Opus (1995)
Hamlet 2 (2008) -vs- Mr. Holland’s Opus (1995)
August 29, 2008 Sherry Coben Biopic, Comedy, Drama, Indie, School, Sherry Coben
All over the country, kids savor the last gasp of summer and trudge back to school, looseleaf notebooks and lunch money clutched ever so tightly in their hands. Teachers meet and greet the bright and shiny new faces of their overcrowded classes and embark on a shared adventure that lasts till June. The good ones know that the influence of these encounters can last a lifetime.
No surprise then that impactful teachers inspire a huge genre of films. And with arts in education perpetually on the budgetary chopping block, the besieged arts teacher occupies a sacred little corner of the shelf. Two prime examples of the sub-genre climb into the Smackdown ring. In this corner, defending champion Glenn Holland, full-time music teacher and part-time composer. Stumbling clumsily into the ring, wearing roller skates and a caftan commando-style, it’s failed actor and drama teacher, Dana Marschz. Let’s check your work carefully, gentlemen. Everything counts in determining your final grade.
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In “Hamlet 2,” aspiring, untalented, failed actor Dana Marschz (the brilliantly inimitable Steve Coogan) moves to Tucson, Arizona to teach Drama. Once there, his misguided attempts at original theater meet with even more abject failure and derision. Finally judged irrelevant and not worth saving, his drama program is canceled. Never one to accept defeat as much more than a speed bump, Mister M and his ragtag bunch of moppets and thugs put on one last show, swinging for the bleachers this time. Sound like you’ve seen this one before? Trust me. You haven’t.
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In “Mr Holland’s Opus,” Richard Dreyfuss (over)plays musician/composer Glenn Holland who grudgingly takes a teaching job to pay the rent while striving in his ever-increasingly rare spare time to compose one memorable piece of music to leave his mark on the world. His opus. His life’s work. Hamhanded enough for you yet? Oh wait. The corn is as high as an elephant’s eye in this one. Devastated to learn that his infant son is deaf (oh, the heaviosity of the irony – even worse than a fly in his Chardonnay) he struggles (however wimpily) to connect over the years. His wife, the impossibly patient – one might even say comatose – Glenne Headley keeps those homefires burning though to what possible end I cannot fathom.
After thirty years of teaching, the music program at his school is cut, and Mr. Holland despairs. Friends and students, past and present, gather to play his opus. His true life’s work plays his life’s work, and Holland discovers his new definition of success and the meaning of his life’s work. Opus. Get it? Oh, you will. Over and over.
And here’s what I was left wondering. An auditorium full of grateful people …each could have donated a hundred bucks and saved the program. Alas. I’m over-accustomed to California where parent booster groups customarily fund the arts, school budget crises be damned.
Mr. Holland isn’t a nice man. He’s prickly and selfish. He’s not a particularly good husband. He’s certainly not a connected dad. He spends a large part of his thirty year tenure teaching wishing he were doing something more important. In spite of himself, he ultimately becomes a decent, dedicated, even impassioned teacher. Yawn. Unlikable whiny protagonists never quite win this girl’s heart.
And this movie makes a cardinal mistake. We hear the music Mr. Holland’s been composing at the end. And guess what. It’s mediocre. Ersatz Copeland. Cheez Whiz served up by a motley group of alums.
Richard Dreyfus, always an actor who lives in his head (who’s steadily morphing into a stockier slightly more Semitic/neurotic Paul Newman), wrings all the misery and narcissism out of the character. Taking himself so seriously, there’s not much left for the audience to do. Mr. Holland and his movie do most of our opus for us. Few surprises are left for the teacher movie, and this one’s jampacked with cliches and predictability. It’s a Swiss watch of a ride, running on time and with precision, going exactly where one expects it to go. Our feelings about Mr. Holland don’t change much. He doesn’t need us to feel sorry for him. He’s sorry enough for all of us.
We might be motivated to fund the arts, but we don’t want to meet Mr. Holland particularly or invite him to dinner or even have him for our music teacher. Full of platitudes and smug superiority, he’s a tough teacher to love. And for me, it’s a tough movie to love. Or even like. I admire its message. How could I not? I’m an arts teacher and I work mostly pro bono. Save yourself two hours and eight bucks and buy yourself a The Arts Are Not A Luxury bumper sticker. Better yet, donate to the music program at your local school. They’re probably in trouble. They usually are.
“Hamlet 2” shows us everything, and even the stuff that’s cringeworthy is totally and completely entertaining. One of the true joys of indie comedies is unpredictability. (I’m going to try my darnedest not to spoil any of the surprises and jokes and plot twists so as to propel you into the theater, expecting only to have fun and not feel like you know where you’re headed.)
Hero Dana Marschz faces a classroom full of unlikely arts students, and the true surprise and gift of the film is how many of them are fully individuated by the end. Steve Coogan, a longtime favorite (and huge comedy genius crush) of mine, delivers the breakout role of any lifetime. He was made for the role, and it’s impossible to imagine the film without him at its hilarious, slapstick, touching, insightful center. He manages somehow to be at once awkward and graceful, Keatonesque, by turns attractive and repulsive, clueless and wise. A world of hope and pain is reflected in his eyes. Catherine Keener plays his wife, a brittle woman. (Gee, what a surprise!) Her drunk scene is a comic classic of cold cruelty. David Arquette plays their boarder in the best and subtlest performance of his career. Elizabeth Shue is a lovely surprise; I won’t say more. Amy Poehler shows up late in a casting coup, taking her supporting role and making it something special. In fact, all the performances — students, parents, and the principal — are simply spot-on delicious. Even the copy shop guy earns several out-loud laughs. In “Hamlet 2”, there literally are no small parts. Every cliché gets delightfully turned on its head, and everyone on screen gets something specific and terrific to play.
But the best surprise is how absolutely terrific/terrible the final show is. (I even pre-ordered the soundtrack from Amazon.com; that’s how much fun it was.) In fact, all the shows within the show are worthy and hilarious, not hastily tossed off but interesting failures, full of insight and recognizable human behavior and striving. Director/writer Andrew Fleming wrings moments of brilliant awfulness throughout — from the montage of Mr. Marschz’s early commercial career to the scenes from Tucson high school productions and rehearsals, and most especially the final production. Mister M’s classroom teaching moments are just as sidesplittingly awkward, true, and weirdly effective. The film lets you feel the depth of this man’s pain and struggle and invites you to laugh at him too. Because the film is so intelligent and affectionate, our laughter doesn’t feel cruel, and our sympathies remain solidly with our hero till the very end, one of the most immensely satisfying endings of any (teacher) film ever.
I love teachers. I really do. I still write to my sixth grade teacher, and a few of my high school teachers remain some of my closest friends. My mom’s a teacher. The bad ones are burned out husks, inspiring a thousand daydreams. They watch the clock, waiting for retirement and living for the weekend. The good ones change your life forever.
Steve Coogan’s Dana Marschz joins my personal pantheon of most loved movie teachers. Already ensconced in my hall of fame movie teachers lounge, you’ll find Matthew Broderick’s Mr. “Election” McAllister, Ray Walston as Mr. Hand from “Fast Times At Ridgemont High,” and “Carrie”’s compassionate gym teacher, Betty Buckley. Okay, it’s a quirky little list. No Miss Dove. No Mr. Chips. No Dead Poets, No Sir With Or Without Love, No Dangerous Minds, No Great Debaters…I like my teachers quirky, not earnest. I like my sympathies engaged on the sly. Full frontal sentiment leaves me detached.
Well, film students. The final answer should be obvious to those of you paying attention to the essay portion of this little test. Not a big fan of the maudlin. No predigested sentiment works on this tough cookie. Which disqualifies Mr. Holland and his little opus from earning an A.
That said…Run. Don’t walk to “Hamlet 2” and on the way, do yourself a favor. Don’t read any other reviews. They’ll just give something away that you’ll like better if you see it fresh and unspoiled for yourself. If you ever took drama or saw a high school play…if you were ever on a stage or in a classroom…if you’ve ever written anything…if you already love Steve Coogan…if you’ve never heard of Steve Coogan. See it. Unless you’re the kind of person who offends easily. In which case, you’re probably not reading this. Class dismissed.
About Sherry Coben 77 Articles
A comedy writer who created the 1980s hit show Kate & Allie, Sherry Coben — tired of malingering in development hell — has enjoyed coaching a high school ComedySportz team in SoCal, making a no-budget, high-ambition webisode series, and biting the hand that feeds her.
1 Comment on Hamlet 2 (2008) -vs- Mr. Holland’s Opus (1995)
Bryce Zabel September 15, 2008 at 11:54 am
Having lived in Tucson where “Hamlet 2” takes place and Portland where “Mr. Holland’s Opus” takes place gives me… well… absolutely no insight beyond the sheer fact that H2 wasn’t as good as I’d hoped but MHO was worse than I feared. Plus, I love any review that includes the advice: “Don’t read any other reviews.”
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BBS Kit - Section 1: What is BBS?
BBS Kit - Section 2: What can we do?
BBS Kit - Section 3: Exercises
BBS Kit - Section 4: Background information
BBS Kit - Section 5: Resources
What are Behaviour Based Safety Programs?
Behavioural Based Safety is an approach to safety that focuses on workers' behaviour as the cause of most work-related injuries and illnesses. These programs have been introduced in some Australian workplaces, and so we have produced a Kit for health and safety reps to provide information on what they are, what's wrong with them and what workers can do in their workplaces.
For a Union Perspective (from Nancy Lessin of the AFL-CIO, go to this Campaigns page of the site)
In May 2005, the ACTU held a Seminar, Oh Behave! looking at behavioural safety approaches to managing health and safety. One outcome was an undertaking by the VTHC and a couple of other unions (AMWU and SPSF) to develop a kit to assist OHS reps and delegates to understand what such programs are, and the issues unions have with them.
The kit was a draft done in 2006 - and was a work in progress. We welcome any comments and suggested changes from unions, OHS reps, delegates and workers who read it and use it. Please email comments to rmusolino@vthc.org.au - Renata will respond to all comments. The Kit can be downloaded as a pdf document here.
Acknowledgement:
This Kit is an amalgam of the work of many trade union and other health and safety activists, both here and overseas. Thanks to all of them for their ideas, work and dedication to improving worker health and safety. Section 5 of the Kit has a list of useful resources and places to go for further reading.
Last updated May 2015
BigBrotherSafetyKitMarch2006.pdf
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Beranda › Privacy Policy
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Mynewsdesk acquires Mention to create a global leader in real-time web and social listening
Press release • Aug 31, 2018 09:28 EDT
Mattias Malmström, CEO at Mynewsdesk (left) and Matthieu Vaxelaire, CEO and Co-Founder at Mention (right).
Mynewsdesk, the leading provider of a SaaS all-in-one digital PR platform in the Nordics, today announced that it has acquired Mention, a real-time web and social monitoring tool with expertise in AI and data-driven analytics.
This acquisition marks yet another step in Mynewsdesk’s extensive expansion plans with the goal of creating a new global category leader within real-time web and social listening for SMBs.
Mattias Malmström, CEO at Mynewsdesk, said: “This acquisition creates a new global category leader providing best-in-class software for PR, marketing and communications for SMBs. Mention is at the forefront when it comes to monitoring, AI and data-driven analytics with a first-class product and technology team.”
With over 3 billion people communicating across digital and social channels globally – and by using AI and data-driven analytics based on the digital and social media landscape – Mention has focused on serving SMBs in need of monitoring. Since it was founded in 2012, the company has expanded rapidly and averages over 10,000 new users each month.
Matthieu Vaxelaire, CEO and Co-Founder at Mention, said: “Our strength, which has contributed to our success, is the fact we have identified a strong need among SMBs to monitor digital and social channels. The digital shift is increasing the demand to keep up-to-date and to be able to succeed with marketing, communications and business development. With us becoming part of Mynewsdesk, we can jointly offer even more innovative services across more markets.”
Matthieu will take on a new role within the combined company as Chief Operating Officer, spearheading integration, innovation and growth, reporting to CEO Mattias Malmström.
The recent UK study, Humans still needed by the Chartered Institute of Public Relations, examines the role new tech and specifically AI plays within the communications industry. It shows that 12 percent of a communications professional’s total skills can be complemented by AI today, a figure that is predicted to increase to 38 percent within the next five years. The same study also showcases Mention as one of the prominent companies using AI within monitoring and social listening, further highlighting the strength it brings to Mynewsdesk’s monitoring offering.
The owner of Mynewsdesk, the Norwegian business media group NHST, views the acquisition as an important part of Mynewsdesk’s expansion plans.
Andreas Emblem, NHST’s Head of Division and Chairman of Mynewsdesk, said: “This acquisition strengthens the global position of Mynewsdesk and lays the foundation for further strong, innovation-led growth. It is the result of an extensive mapping of global investment opportunities and reflects NHST’s commitment to B2B SaaS as a strategic growth area for the group.”
Financial details of the transaction are not being disclosed.
Jonathan Bean, Chief Marketing Officer Mynewsdesk, +46 763923500 jonathan.bean@mynewsdesk.com
Mynewsdesk is now serving over 100,000 communicators from over 5,000 brands in more than 100 countries. The platform allows communicators to take control of their digital PR efforts. From media monitoring, publishing brand stories to connecting with journalists and analysing their results, it’s an all-in-one digital platform that improves workflow efficiency for PR and communications professionals.
About Mention
From social media to PR mentions, user reviews to blog comments, Mention helps leading brands track the most important conversations about their brand, competitors, and industry online. Founded in 2012, Mention’s customer base exceeded 700,000 users in over 125 countries, with over 4,000 enterprise clients.
About NHST
NHST Media Group (NHST) is a Norwegian based media group. The Group owns the leading Norwegian publications DN and Morgenbladet as well as Fiskeribladet. In addition, the Group also owns the global media businesses Upstream, Tradewinds, Intrafish and Recharge. NHST is the also the owner of the SaaS company Mynewsdesk which offer an all-in-one digital platform for communications professionals and Nautisk Forlag, an international maritime charts and publications business. NHST has an annual turnover of MNOK 1 300, approximately 750 employees and is owned 54 % by the stock exchange traded company Bonheur ASA.
Business enterprise, GeneralMergers and acquisitionsNew products, servicesPR, Communication
Corporate NewsMynewsdeskMention
Jonathan Bean
Chief Marketing Officer (CMO)
jokbnatcthqcancd.bgbeabon@zomyyxneizwsxzdemwskwm.ckqomnt
+ 46 8 509 00 228
Jonathan is responsible for all revenue streams and global operations at Mynewsdesk. He was previously Nordic Sales Director for PR... Show more
Mynewsdesk partners with EQS Group to offer investor relations services in the Nordics
Press releases • Nov 07, 2018 04:48 EST
Mynewsdesk acquires Menti...
Mattias Malmström (to the left) and Matthieu Vaxelaire (to the right).
Media Use
Rasmus Hallgren
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SET FIRE TO FLAMES
Post Rock/Math rock • Canada
Set Fire To Flames biography
SET FIRE TO FLAMES is a collective of thirteen musicians from the Montreal experimental music community from bands such as GODSPEED YOU! BLACK EMPEROR, A SILVER MT. ZION, HRSTA, FLY PAN AM, EXHAUST, HANGED UP and others. The story behind their albums is pretty "odd". They wanted to do them like they where some sort of experiments. "Sings Reign Rebuilder" was recorded in a five day period isolated in an old and fallen down apartment with little to no sleep, varying levels of intoxication and in physical confinement, pushing the limitations of the human body. Their second album, "Telegraphs In Negative/ Mouths Trapped In Static" was recorded in a barn, but they used the same elements as in the first one. The results of these sessions where two albums that takes you into their minds and emotions at the momment of the recordings very eerie, slow and haunting in nature. Both albums where mostly improvised with some thought ideas thrown into the mix. Every single element was crucial to their final sound. The creaking floor, people walking up and down the stairs, police cars outside, birds singing and other ambient sounds helped make the albums eerie sound.
: : : Chamberry : : :
- A Silver Mt. Zion
- Fly Pan Am
- Godspeed You Black Emperor!
- Valley Of The Giants
Why this artist must be listed in www.progarchives.com :
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Signs Reign Rebuilder (2001)
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SET FIRE TO FLAMES Reviews
Set Fire To Flames Post Rock/Math rock
Review by The Truth
Collaborator Post/Math Rock Team
Whereas I kinda sorta agree with fellow reviewer Clemo of Nazareth, I feel Efrim Menuck is a vital part of Godspeed You! Black Emperor but not what makes them who they are. Indeed, with this record, you see where they get those moments of electronic and some bleak atmospherics with this double album.
Now, while some may find two discs of electronic-y post-rock too much, I definitely am a fan and it captivates me through both discs. It switches genres fairly randomly which I think keeps the listener on their toes, from emotional post-rock moments, to bleak atmospherics, to jazz-rock-ish jams, the record is pretty amazing.
It's only flaws are the few moments it gets too repetitive and that is not often. Much of the time it seems this is the post-rock that would appeal to prog fans the most, complicated and varied.
Album cover is excellent and the song titles are creative as well. Put with some great music, what's there not to like?
4 stars for being pretty dang awesome.
Posted Thursday, April 19, 2012 | Review this album | Report (Review #733064)
Review by Warthur
Set Fire to Flames is a Godspeed You Black Emperor side project based heavily around improvisation and taking the "found audio" aspect of Godspeed's sound to the absolute limit. The entire album was recorded not in the Hotel2Tango, the usual haunt of Godspeed and its related bands, but in a creaky, abandoned, soon to be demolished old house, and the band made a deliberate decision not to edit out any incidental noises (to the extent where a passing police car ends up getting a performer credit on one song). The end result is intriguing: whereas on Godspeed's albums there's a disjunction between the impeccably produced instrumental playing and the scratchy found audio clips, here the instrumentals are the found audio. It's far more successful an experiment than I expected it to be, that's for sure.
Posted Thursday, March 8, 2012 | Review this album | Report (Review #651017)
Review by Sean Trane
Special Collaborator Prog Folk
Yet another Post Rock group that calqued their sound on the famous GYBE!, which is easily understood since this is an Aidan-led project, therefore a GYBE! spin-off. One of the most disturbing things with this project is that it doesn't really offer much more than GYBE! (unlike Fly Pan Am or Silver Mountain Zion), but stays even more atmospheric and ambient than the chief project. Another surprise is the project's presence on a different label than Constellation (although there might be a link between them and P-Vine),
Still loaded with doom and gloom and clearly alluding to heavy drugs descend into hell (through prostitution and slow body deperishment and the whole shebang) and unlike GYBE!'s usual albums, the message is loud and clear. However, this doesn't stop Aidan and the gang from relying on the old and tried recipes, which means that this sounds like the same old soup being reheated. They even fall into the pit of these long monologues (which plague GYBE!'s works) and make this album relatively difficult for repeated listens, not that you'd really want to spin this album regularly.
Posted Monday, May 21, 2007 | Review this album | Report (Review #122956)
Review by ClemofNazareth
Special Collaborator Prog Folk Researcher
There was something I suspected after listening to Set Fire to Flames’ first album, but only confirmed after hearing this one: Efrim Menuck really was the genius behind Godspeed You! Black Emperor. Of all the Constellation bands to come out of that Mile End cult (er, “movement”), the only other one that holds up against Godspeed is A Silver Mt. Zion, and Menuck has been the driving force behind that band too. All the others – Hrsta, 1-Speed Bicycle, Shalabi Effect, etc. just seem to lack the dramatic intensity of Godspeed. And so it is with Set Fire to Flames, despite them claiming at least a half-dozen formed Godspeed and Mt Zion members among their group.
These guys remind me most of Fly Pan Am, another sort of Godspeed offshoot that practiced the same type of sonic sculpting of fuzz, feedback, haphazard crescendos, and violent strings. But both of these bands seem to revel in either twisting around easily recognizable Menuck arrangements, or simply scratching out some mildly interesting riff and then repeating it ad nausea. This just doesn’t capture the imagination and hold it like Menuck’s work tends to do.
Not to say there aren’t a few interesting tracks – with seventeen to choose from on this two-disc set, there was bound to be something worth listening to. “Buzz of Barn Flies like Faulty Electronics” is a kind of electronic/feedback/free form jazz on acid kind of thing that is actually quite original, although never really picks up any kind of steam. And the one immediately following it (“And The Birds Are About To Bust Their Guts With Singing”) sounds an awful lot like some of A Silver Mt Zion’s instrumental works, which is a compliment as far as I’m concerned.
And on the ‘Telegraphs in Negative’ disc “When Sorrow Shoots Her Darts” is a sonic delight with lots of tension and discordant strings that keeps a decent pace. But that is really the only mildly interesting track on that whole disk – the rest is a combination of barely perceptible strings, percussion, and rambling spoken-word tracks.
This is one of those albums where I am glad I got a chance to hear it before spending my own money, because it’s doubtful I will ever do so now. Hard-core post-rock fans may find this somewhat interesting, but for me it was a pretty boring way to spend an hour and a half of my life. Two stars, and not much more.
Posted Monday, April 30, 2007 | Review this album | Report (Review #120291)
I’m not sure this is technically a band; it’s more like a project. Set Fire to Flames first appeared as a live act in 1999, which apparently is the only time they appeared live. Shortly afterward the thirteen musicians holed themselves up in an old apartment in Montreal for five days and, deprived of sleep and sometimes food, proceeded to get all f**ked up and record hours upon hours of loosely scripted (and highly improvised) music. Mixed in with the arrangements (if you can call them that) are street sounds much like those Godspeed You! Black Emperor were famous for around the same time.
And that shouldn’t be surprising since about half the group was made up of Godspeed members, including mixmaster/guitarists Michael Moya and Roger Tellier-Craig; percussionists Bruce Cawdron and Fluffy Erskine; and the string section from the first two Godspeed albums as well as inaugural A Silver Mt. Zion members Beck Foon and Sophie Trudeau.
In addition to the street sounds, the recordings included a number of other environmental noises from the apartment surroundings including creaking doors and steps; voices of people coming in and out of the building; and cars moving about nearby.
The overall sound is not totally unlike that of Godspeed’s 1999 EP ‘Slow Riot for New Zero Kanada’, but in the case of Set Fire to Flames there aren’t really any slowly building crescendos or long cacophonic explosions of instrumental sound to speak of. Instead the musicians recorded about a dozen hours of noise, music, and improvisational noodling and patched it together in a collection of fifteen titled tracks, some of which sort of resemble songs. They’re really more like little mood pieces meant to evoke emotions or simply to invite thoughtful reflection. Or maybe they’re simply a form of head candy to accompany listeners during their own physical/mental deprivation experiences. Who knows.
The more interesting tracks include the eerie and almost ambient “Omaha”; “Cote d'Abrahms Roomtone / 'What's Going On?...' (From Lips of Lying Dying Wonder Body #3)” with its “Several Species of Small Furry Animals…” like electronic noises and rambling recorded voices; and the heavily acoustic and hopeful-sounding “Injur: Gutted Two-Track...”.
But the real gem in this collection is the ten-minute slowly-building “Jesus/Pop...”, which is not only the most cohesive track on the album, but also the closest thing to a Godspeed work as you’re likely to hear anywhere outside of that band’s own four albums. And speaking of Godspeed, there are many snippets of strings, guitar, and percussion sprinkled throughout the album that can be traced back to the first two Godspeed albums if one felt the urge to pick through and identify them. Again, not surprising considering that except for Efrim Menuck, most of the key players from that band appear here as well.
The thing I like best about this album is that it incorporates the best of the eclectic and disturbing instrumental experimentation found with Godspeed, but at the same time avoids the rather predictable slow-intro/street-sounds/crescendo/explosion/fade pattern that Godspeed slipped into on all three of their full-length albums. In that respect this is a lot more experimental and adventurous, much like several of the A Silver Mt. Zion albums of the last few years.
This music isn’t for everyone, not even for all fans of experimental or post-rock music. If you are a bit of a stoner, you’ll undoubtedly find this album to be a stimulating sensory experience. Likewise if you’re just bored with predictable progressive music and are looking for something new that stretches the boundaries. For adventurous souls like these, this is a highly recommended work, and a four star experience.
Review by bamba
Well like the other constellation label groups Set fire to flames have members from Godspeed, Silver mount Zion and others, but in this case they get reunited to record in a house in Montreal, and they spent days just recording and mixing the sounds and noises with a very large and vast line up of Musical instruments, The result was a mix between strange sounds, noises, voices, blows, Crackles, urban noises and musical ideas melted perfectly. You can hear from footsteps and bizarre percussive sounds to some very strange chair noises, also like in every Godspeed album they put street noises and people talking, laughing and digressing.
In Sings Reign Rebuilder we can hear a more consistent and coherent work than in their second release, could we labeled as depressing heart rendering In some moments but its more than that, its hopeful and fascinating , and we have some really interesting pieces like "Steal Compass", "Omaha", "Vienna Arcweld", "Shit-Heap-Gloria Of The New Town Planning" and others (all instrumental); I could say that there's no filler or disappointing parts here. Because this is a experimental work could be difficult in the first listens to get the idea about what they were are trying to say with this record. So be patient because its something like you probably never heard before. It's a free will work of art, because they don't have any intension to be commercially successful, its just about music.
Comparing their sound with Godspeed and others its comprehensible, but this is new and refreshing for the post rock/experimental genre, because many of the "new" post rock bands just repeat the same formula and don't contribute whit anything new.
Son if you are really open minded and want to try something really new, try Sings Reign Rebuilder, It will make you think about some serious #@*4 . Totally recommended. 4.5 stars.
BAMBA. Landaus Gomez
Posted Wednesday, January 31, 2007 | Review this album | Report (Review #110051)
Thanks to Jimbo for the artist addition.
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2.2.1 Stamen, Microsporangium and Pollen Grain Figure 2.2a shows the two parts of atypical stamen – the long and slender stalk called the filament, and the terminal generally bilobed structure called the anther. The proximal end of the filament is attached to the thalamus or the petal of the flower. The number and length of stamens are variable in flowers of different species. If you were to collect a stamen each from ten flowers (each from different species) and arrange them on a slide, you would be able to appreciate the large variation in size seen in nature. Careful observation of each stamen under a dissecting microscope and making neat diagrams would elucidate the range in shape and attachment of anthers in different flowers. A typical angiosperm anther is bilobed with each lobe having two theca, i.e., they are dithecous (Figure 2.2 b).Often a longitudinal groove runs lengthwise separating the theca. Let us understand the various types of tissues and their organisation in the transverse section of an anther (Figure 2.3 a). The bilobed nature of an anther is very distinct in the transverse section of the anther. The anther is a four-sided (tetragonal) structure consisting of four microsporangia located at the (b) corners, two in each lobe. The microsporangia develop further and (a) become pollen sacs. They extend longitudinally all through the length of an anther and are packed Figure 2.2 (a) A typical stamen; with pollen grains. (b) three–dimensional cut sectionof an antherStructure of microsporangium: In a transverse section, a typicalmicrosporangium appears near circular in outline. It is generally surrounded by four wall layers (Figure 2.3 b)– the epidermis, endothecium, middle layers and the tapetum. The outer three wall layers perform the function of protection and help in dehiscence of anther to release the pollen. The innermost wall layer is the tapetum. It nourishes the developing pollen grains. Cells of the tapetum possess dense cytoplasm and generally have more than one nucleus. Can you think of how tapetal cells could become bi-nucleate? When the anther is young, a group of compactly arranged homogenous cells called the sporogenous tissue occupiesthe centre of each microsporangium. Microsporogenesis : As the anther develops, the cells of the sporogenous tissue undergo meiotic divisions to form microspore tetrads. What would be the ploidy of the cells of the tetrad? BIOLOGY (a) (b) (c) Figure 2.3 (a) Transverse section of a young anther; (b) Enlarged view of one microsporangium showing wall layers; (c) A mature dehisced anther As each cell of the sporogenous tissue is capable of giving rise to a microspore tetrad. Each one is a potential pollen or microspore mother cell. The process of formation of microspores from a pollen mother cell (PMC) through meiosis is called microsporogenesis. The microspores,as they are formed, are arranged in a cluster of four cells–the microspore tetrad (Figure 2.3 a). As theanthers mature and dehydrate, the microspores dissociate from each other and develop into pollen grains (Figure 2.3 b). Inside each microsporangium several thousands of microspores or pollen grains are formed that are released with the dehiscence of anther (Figure 2.3 c). Pollen grain: The pollen grains represent the male gametophytes. If you touch the opened anthers of Hibiscus or any other flower you would find deposition of yellowish powdery pollen grains on your fingers. Sprinkle these grains on a drop of water taken on a glass slide and observe under Figure 2.4 Scanning electron micrographs of a few pollen grains (a) a microscope. You will really be amazed at the variety of architecture – sizes, shapes, colours, designs – seen on the pollen grains from different species (Figure 2.4). Pollen grains are generally spherical measuring about 25-50 micrometers in diameter. It has a prominent two-layered wall. The hard outer layer called the exine is made up of sporopollenin which is one of the most resistant organic material known. It can withstand high temperatures and strong acids and alkali. No enzyme that degrades sporopollenin is so far known. Pollen grain exine has prominent apertures called germ pores where sporopollenin is absent. Pollen grains are well-preserved as fossils because of the presence of sporopollenin. The exine exhibits a fascinating array of patterns and designs. Why do you think the exine should be hard? What is the function of germ pore? The inner wall of the pollen grain is called the intine. It is a thin and continuous layer made up of cellulose and pectin. The cytoplasm of pollen grain is surrounded by a plasma membrane. When the pollen grain is mature it contains two cells, the vegetative cell and generative cell (Figure 2.5b). The vegetative cellis bigger, has abundant food reserve and a large irregularly shaped nucleus. The (b)generative cell is small and floats in the cytoplasm of the Figure 2.5 (a) Enlarged view of vegetative cell. It is spindle shaped with dense cytoplasm and a pollen grain tetrad; (b) stagesa nucleus. In over 60 per cent of angiosperms, pollen grains of a microspore maturing into a are shed at this 2-celled stage. In the remaining species, the pollen grain generative cell divides mitotically to give rise to the two male gametes before pollen grains are shed (3-celled stage). Pollen grains of many species cause severe allergies and bronchial afflictions in some people often leading to chronic respiratory disorders– asthma, bronchitis, etc. It may be mentioned that Parthenium or carrot grass that came into India as a contaminant with imported wheat, has become ubiquitous in occurrence and causes pollen allergy. BIOLOGY Pollen grains are rich in nutrients. It has become a fashion in recent years to use pollen tablets as food supplements. In western countries, a large number of pollen products in the form of tablets and syrups are available in the market. Pollen consumption has been claimed to increase the performance of athletes and race horses (Figure 2.6). Figure 2.6 Pollen products When once they are shed, pollen grains have to land on the stigma before they lose viability if they have to bring about fertilisation. How long do you think the pollen grains retain viability? The period for which pollen grains remain viable is highly variable and to some extent depends on the prevailing temperature and humidity. In some cereals such as rice and wheat, pollen grains lose viability within 30 minutes of their release, and in some members of Rosaceae, Leguminoseae and Solanaceae, they maintain viability for months. You may have heard of storing semen/ sperms of many animals including humans for artificial insemination. It is possible to store pollen grains of a large number of species for years in liquid nitrogen (-1960C). Such stored pollen can be used as pollen banks, similar to seed banks, in crop breeding programmes. 2.2.2 The Pistil, Megasporangium (ovule) and Embryo sac The gynoecium represents the female reproductive part of the flower. The gynoecium may consist of a single pistil (monocarpellary) or may have more than one pistil (multicarpellary). When there are more than one, the pistils may be fused together (syncarpous) (Figure 2.7b) or may be free (apocarpous) (Figure 2.7c). Each pistil has three parts (Figure 2.7a), the stigma, style and ovary. The stigma serves as a landing platform for pollen grains. The style is the elongated slender part beneath the stigma. The basal bulged part of the pistil is the ovary. Inside the ovary is the ovarian cavity (locule). Theplacenta is located inside the ovarian cavity. Recall the definition and types of placentation that you studied in Stigma Style Ovary Thalamus (a) (b) (c) (d) Figure 2.7 (a) A dissected flower of Hibiscus showing pistil (other floral parts have been removed); (b) Multicarpellary, syncarpous pistil of Papaver; (c) A multicarpellary, apocarpous gynoecium of Michelia; (d) A diagrammatic view of a typical anatropous ovule Class XI. Arising from the placenta are the megasporangia, commonly called ovules. The number of ovules in an ovary may be one (wheat, paddy, mango) to many (papaya, water melon, orchids). The Megasporangium (Ovule) : Let us familiarise ourselves with the structure of a typical angiosperm ovule (Figure 2.7d). The ovule is a small structure attached to the placenta by means of a stalk called funicle. The body of the ovule fuses with funicle in the region called hilum. Thus, hilum represents the junction between ovule and funicle. Each ovule has one or two protective envelopes called integuments. Integuments encircle the nucellus except at the tip where a small opening called the micropyle is organised.Opposite the micropylar end, is the chalaza, representing the basal part of the ovule. Enclosed within the integuments is a mass of cells called the nucellus. Cells of the nucellus have abundant reserve food materials. Located in the nucellus is the embryo sac or female gametophyte. An ovule generally has a single embryo sac formed from a megaspore. Megasporogenesis : The process of formation of megaspores from the megaspore mother cell is called megasporogenesis. Ovules generally differentiate a single megaspore mother cell (MMC) in the micropylar region BIOLOGY (a) (b) (c) Figure 2.8 (a) Parts of the ovule showing a large megaspore mother cell, a dyad and a tetrad of megaspores; (b) 2, 4, and 8-nucleate stages of embryo sac and a mature embryo sac; (c) A diagrammatic representation of the mature embryo sac. of the nucellus. It is a large cell containing dense cytoplasm and a prominent nucleus. The MMC undergoes meiotic division. What is the importance of the MMC undergoing meiosis? Meiosis results in the production of four megaspores (Figure 2.8a). Female gametophyte : In a majority of flowering plants, one of the megaspores is functional while the other three degenerate. Only the functional megaspore develops into the female gametophyte (embryo sac). This method of embryo sac formation from a single megaspore is termed monosporic development. What will be the ploidy of the cells of the nucellus, MMC, the functional megaspore and female gametophyte? (a) (b) 28 (c) Figure 2.9 (a) Self-pollinated flowers; (b) Cross pollinated flowers; (c) Cleistogamous flowers BIOLOGY lie close to each other so that self-pollination can occur. Some plants such as Viola (common pansy), Oxalis, and Commelina produce two types of flowers – chasmogamous flowers which are similar to flowers of other species with exposed anthers and stigma, and cleistogamous flowerswhich do not open at all (Figure 2.9c). In such flowers, the anthers and stigma lie close to each other. When anthers dehisce in the flower buds, pollen grains come in contact with the stigma to effect pollination. Thus, cleistogamous flowers are invariably autogamous as there is no chance of cross-pollen landing on the stigma. Cleistogamous flowers produce assured seed-set even in the absence of pollinators. Do you think that cleistogamy is advantageous or disadvantageous to the plant? Why? (ii) Geitonogamy – Transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of another flower of the same plant. Although geitonogamy is functionally cross-pollination involving a pollinating agent, genetically it is similar to autogamy since the pollen grains come from the same plant. (iii) Xenogamy – Transfer of pollen grains from anther to the stigma of a different plant (Figure 2.9b). This is the only type of pollination which during pollination brings genetically different types of pollen grains to the stigma. Agents of Pollination : Plants use two abiotic (wind and water) and one biotic (animals) agents to achieve pollination. Majority of plants use biotic agents for pollination. Only a small proportion of plants use abiotic agents. Pollen grains coming in contact with the stigma is a chance factor in both wind and water pollination. To compensate for this uncertainties and associated loss of pollen grains, the flowers produce enormous amount of pollen when compared to the number of ovules available for pollination. Pollination by wind is more common amongst abiotic pollinations. Wind pollination also requires that the pollen grains are light and non-sticky so that they can be transported in wind currents. They often possess well-exposed stamens (so that the pollens are easily dispersed into wind currents, Figure 2.10) and large often-feathery stigma to easily trap air-borne pollen grains. Wind-pollinated flowers often have a single ovule in each ovary and numerous flowers packed into an inflorescence; a familiar example is the corn cob – the tassels you see are nothing but the stigma and style which wave in the wind to trap pollen grains. Wind-pollination is quite common in grasses. Pollination by water is quite rare in flowering plants and is limited to about 30 genera, mostly monocotyledons. As against this, you would recall that water is a regular mode of transport for the male gametes among the lower plant groups such as algae, bryophytes and pteridophytes. It is believed, particularly for some bryophytes and Figure 2.10 A wind-pollinated plant showing compact inflorecence and wellpteridophytes, that their distribution is limited exposed stamensbecause of the need for water for the transport of male gametes and fertilisation. Some examples of water pollinated plants are Vallisneria and Hydrilla which grow in fresh water and several marine sea-grasses such as Zostera. Not all aquatic plants use water for pollination. In a majority of aquatic plants such as water hyacinth and water lily, the flowers emerge above the level of water and are pollinated by insects or wind as in most of the land plants. In Vallisneria, the female flower reach the surface of water by the long stalk and the male flowers or pollen grains are released on to the surface of water. They are carried passively by water currents (Figure 2.11a); some of them eventually reach the female flowers and the stigma. In another group of water pollinated plants such as seagrasses, female flowers remain submerged in water and the pollen grains are released inside the water. Pollen grains in many such species are long, ribbon like and they are carried passively inside the water; some of them reach the stigma and achieve pollination. In most of the water-pollinated species, pollen grains are protected from wetting by a mucilaginous covering. Both wind and water pollinated flowers are not very colourful and do not produce nectar. What would be the reason for this? BIOLOGY (a) (b) (c) (e)(d) Figure 2.12 (a) Pollen grains germinating on the stigma; (b) Pollen tubes growing through the style; (c) L.S. of pistil showing path of pollen tube growth; (d) enlarged view of an egg apparatus showing entry of pollen tube into a synergid; (e) Discharge of male gametes into a synergid and the movements of the sperms, one into the egg and the other into the central cell leads to fertilisation. If the pollen is of the wrong type, the pistil rejects the pollen by preventing pollen germination on the stigma or the pollen tube growth in the style. The ability of the pistil to recognise the pollen followed by its acceptance or rejection is the result of a continuous dialogue between pollen grain and the pistil. This dialogue is mediated by chemical components of the pollen interacting with those of the pistil. It is only in recent years that botanists have been able to identify some of the pollen and pistil components and the interactions leading to the recognition, followed by acceptance or rejection. As mentioned earlier, following compatible pollination, the pollen grain germinates on the stigma to produce a pollen tube through one of the germ pores (Figure 2.12a). The contents of the pollen grain move into the BIOLOGY 2.3 DOUBLE FERTILISATION After entering one of the synergids, the pollen tube releases the two male gametes into the cytoplasm of the synergid. One of the male gametes moves towards the egg cell and fuses with its nucleus thus completing the syngamy. This results in the formation of a diploid cell, the zygote. The other male gamete moves towards the two polar nuclei located in the central cell and fuses with them to produce a triploid primary endosperm nucleus (PEN) (Figure 2.13a). As this involves the fusion of three haploid nuclei it is termed triple fusion. Since two types of fusions, syngamy and triple fusion take place in an embryo sac the phenomenon is termed double fertilisation, an event unique to flowering plants. The central cell after triple fusion becomes the primary endosperm cell (PEC) and develops into the endosperm while the zygote develops into an embryo. (a) (b) Figure 2.13 (a) Fertilised embryo sac showing zygote and Primary Endosperm Nucleus (PEN); (b) Stages in embryo development in a dicot [shown in reduced size as compared to (a)] 2.4 POST-FERTILISATION : STRUCTURESAND EVENTS Following double fertilisation, events of endosperm and embryo development, maturation of ovule(s) into seed(s) and ovary into fruit, are collectively termed post-fertilisationevents. 2.4.1 Endosperm Endosperm development precedes embryo development. Why? The primary endosperm cell divides repeatedly and forms a triploid SEXUAL REPRODUCTION IN FLOWERING PLANTSHUMAN REPRODUCTIONendosperm tissue. The cells of this tissue are filled with reserve food materials and are used for the nutrition of the developing embryo. In the most common type of endosperm development, the PEN undergoes successive nuclear divisions to give rise to free nuclei. This stage of endosperm development is called free-nuclear endosperm. Subsequently cell wall formation occurs and the endosperm becomes cellular. The number of free nuclei formed before cellularisation varies greatly. The coconut water from tender coconut that you are familiar with, is nothing but free-nuclear endosperm (made up of thousands of nuclei) and the surrounding white kernel is the cellular endosperm. Endosperm may either be completely consumed by the developing embryo (e.g., pea, groundnut, beans) before seed maturation or it may persist in the mature seed (e.g. castor and coconut) and be used up during seed germination. Split open some seeds of castor, peas, beans, groundnut, fruit of coconut and look for the endosperm in each case. Find out whether the endosperm is persistent in cereals – wheat, rice and maize. 2.4.2 Embryo Embryo develops at the micropylar end of the embryo sac where the zygote is situated. Most zygotes divide only after certain amount of endosperm is formed. This is an adaptation to provide assured nutrition to the developing embryo. Though the seeds differ greatly, the early stages of embryo development (embryogeny) are similar in both monocotyledons and dicotyledons. Figure 2.13 depicts the stages of embryogeny in a dicotyledonous embryo. The zygote gives rise to the proembryo and subsequently to the globular, heart-shaped and mature embryo. A typical dicotyledonous embryo (Figure 2.14a), consists of an embryonal axis and two cotyledons. The portion of embryonal axis above the level of cotyledons is the epicotyl, which terminates with the plumule or stem tip. The cylindrical portion below the level of cotyledons is hypocotyl that terminates at its lower end in the radicle or root tip. The root tip is covered with a root cap. Embryos of monocotyledons (Figure 2.14 b) possess only one cotyledon. In the grass family the cotyledon is called scutellum that is situated towards one side (lateral) of the embryonal axis. At its lower end, the embryonal axis has the (a) (b) Figure 2.14 (a) A typical dicot embryo; (b) L.S. ofan embryo of grass (a) (b) Figure 2.15 (a) Structure of some seeds. (b) False fruits of apple and strawberry in which fruits develop without fertilisation. Such fruits are called parthenocarpicfruits. Banana is one such example. Parthenocarpy can be induced through the application of growth hormones and such fruits are seedless. Seeds offer several advantages to angiosperms. Firstly, since reproductive processes such as pollination and fertilisation are independent of water, seed formation is more dependable. Also seeds have better adaptive strategies for dispersal to new habitats and help the species
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Homepage Apps Android OS Apps Official Manchester United lineup vs Rostov via Europa League update
Official Manchester United lineup vs Rostov via Europa League update
Categories Android OS Apps Apps iOS Apps
Author by Debbie Turner March 9, 2017
There will be plenty of football action later today with Europa League Round of 16 matches including FC Rostov vs Man Utd. One of the things that Red Devils fans will want to know as soon as possible is Jose Mourinho’s official Manchester United lineup vs Rostov. You can get the news as soon as it’s available via the free Europa League app that has just received an update.
The first-leg Rostov vs Manchester United kickoff time today is 6pm. Mourinho has real concerns about the state of Rostov’s pitch and has said he is unsure about the players that will make up his starting eleven because of this. However, Zlatan Ibrahimovic looks certain to play, with Henrikh Mkhitaryan, Juan Mata, and Anthony Martial also looking likely to make an appearance. Meanwhile Wayne Rooney, Bastian Schweinsteiger, and Luke Shaw are not in the squad for the trip to Russia.
If you want to be kept in the loop with all the latest news on the match we can recommend the free official UEFA Europa League app. It’s available for Android and iOS devices and heading to the Home page today you’ll find a fixture list showing all of the Europa League games being played. You can personalise the app by entering your favourite club and clicking on particular matches. For instance, tapping on the FC Rostov vs Manchester United listing you’ll find a preview of the match, team news, stats, information on previous meetings, a form guide and much more.
Further features include squad info with player profiles and photos, and one of the best parts of the apps is the ability to receive notifications. You can set these up in the Settings section of the app to receive as many or as few notifications as you like. Options include kick-off time, goals and penalties, red cards, and substitutions. What will interest most Red Devils fans though is speedy notification of the official Manchester United lineup vs Rostov as soon as it is confirmed.
The UEFA Europa League app has been updated within the last few days. You can get further information or download the app from Google Play or the App Store at the links below. The new update includes improvements for access to the draws and an enhanced All Matches card. The Android version of this official app is compatible with smartphones and tablets running Android 4.0.3 or later. The iOS version is compatible with iPhone and iPad running iOS 8.0 or later.
Are you going to check out this free app for the official Manchester United lineup vs Rostov later today? Let us know what you think of the app, and why not give us your predictions for the result at the same time.
UEFA Europa League – Android
UEFA Europa League – iOS
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You are here: Home / Reviews / Sport Gewin Casino
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Sport Gewin Casino
Italian gamblers can bet, spin and play.
Players from Australia not accepted
Italian sports betting site, live casino and virtual casino also available in English.
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Sport Gewin Casino Review
Sport Gewin is an extremely odd site. Everything about this site doesn't quite work or feels a little off. It starts with the URL, for this site has a clumsy domain which isn't memorable or conducive to searching for or typing into your browser. The name of the site is also a little hard to memorise and it is the same with the layout which is messy and illogical. Nevertheless, the site is functional for the purposes of betting on sports and playing casino games.
By default, Sport Gewin is available in Italian, which provides a clear indication of who the services on this site are marketed at. The site is also available in English even if it is not translated nearly as fluently. There is certainly a wide range of casino games and means of betting at Sport Gewin, which also provides a lottery as well as virtual soccer, virtual dog racing, poker and a whole host of live casino games.
About Sport Gewin
Sport Gewin is operated by a company named Optimal Solutions who hold a gaming licence issued in Curacao. Payment processing is administered by a company named PayFinMed Limited who are based in Malta. If you require customer services while using the site you can do so via live chat which is in operation from 9am until midnight. There is also email support provided. One thing you’ll note is that what you navigate onto secondary pages of the website, such as the Contact page, it defaults from English back into Italian which is annoying.
Sport Gewin’s Banking
Judging by the payment provider logos that are visible in the footer of the site, you can deposit funds are using Visa or MasterCard as well as Skrill. There is also bank transfer or Postepay. It is a shame that there isn't a dedicated banking page to provide more information regarding withdrawal times, minimum deposit and withdrawal amounts and other data. Sport Gewin is not very user-friendly or particularly easy to navigate or to find relevant information, especially when you're browsing it without being logged in. For example there doesn't appear to be a Help page or if there is one, it is hidden
Good Looking Sportsbook
The sportsbook at Sport Gewin is stocked with the usual games and features. This means your bet slip is on the right hand side, the range of sports is on the left and everything else such as forthcoming games is in the centre of the page. As you should expect of an Italian-based gambling site, there is loads of football coverage provided here with an emphasis on Italy’s Serie A and the English Premiership. These are the leagues where you’ll find the most betting options and the most prominence given to the games scheduled to kick off. There are other sports too however including rugby, boxing, volleyball and basketball. Scroll through the calendar to view games that are scheduled to start today, tomorrow and during the month ahead. There is also a link that will lead you to a statistics page where you can look up all sorts of stuff about the games you would like to bet on.
When you access this stats page, it defaults to a strange-looking Times New Roman style that isn't in keeping with the rest of the site. In terms of live betting, again football commands the most attention here and there are loads of different variables available, if you can get the live section of the site to load that is. It is a little slow but give it some time and it will get there and once you've arrived on the page you’ll be able to bet on lots of football games plus a handful of other popular games that are suited to live betting such as tennis and basketball. A separate page is dedicated to scores and can be used to check up on the progress of the bets you place or just to see how your favourite sports team are faring.
Live Casino Games
Oddly, the top menu navigation at Sport Gewin doesn't allow access to any of the casino games or poker available on the site. You can get there however, even if you have to do so by clicking on the images that appear further down the homepage. When the games do load however you’ll find that there are loads of great looking games to play including all kinds of virtual sports plus live casino games. In the case of the live games which come from Portomaso you've got various forms of roulette and blackjack to keep you entertained. In terms of virtual games, there is virtual blackjack and roulette again as well as punto banco.
The virtual casino at the site doesn’t have the greatest selection of games it must be said and, though this might seem mean-spirited, the dealers hosting the games here don't look as pleasing as those to be found at other sites either. This is worth noting purely because invariably at sites of this nature you'll find extremely attractive dealers of both sexes, although there is predominantly women operating this role. Whether the decision to employ more aesthetically challenged dealers at Sport Gewin is a positive or a negative is for you to decide.
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There's certainly plenty of slots to be played at Sport Gewin anyway. These are laid out in a long gridview where you'll find such titles as Bike Mania, Crazy Fruits, Leprechaun and, seriously, Sex and Kitties. It’s certainly not the only odd game you'll find here for other titles include Burger Paradise which has a rip-off of the Burger King logo and Funny Faces. There is also Fur Balls to amuse yourself with. If you like your slots to be as odd and generally as quirky as possible then you should be happy here at least. Alongside the thumbnail image accompanying each game you’ll be able to see the number of lines that it has as well as the developer. Games can be searched according to jackpot, favourites or alphabetically.
Sport Gewin Conclusion
Sport Gewin really is a strange little site. It is not very user-friendly and is not the easiest of places to find your way around. There doesn't appear to be any bonuses for signing up, or if they are they are laid out in a manner that isn’t easy to find. The sportsbook and virtual sports betting facility work however and if you're an Italian gambler you will likely be content enough with what is available here. Slots is probably the best element of the casino, and the table games are the worst. Provided you’re not too picky and don't mind the limited customer support and other features, Sport Gewin should just about do the job.
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Or, continue to Sport Gewin Casino anyway
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Patent application title: PIEZOELECTRIC VIBRATOR MANUFACTURING METHOD, PIEZOELECTRIC VIBRATOR, OSCILLATOR, ELECTRONIC DEVICE, AND RADIO-CONTROLLED WATCH
Inventors: Kiyoshi Aratake (Chiba-Shi, JP) Masashi Numata (Chiba-Shi, JP)
IPC8 Class: AH01L4122FI
USPC Class: 331116 R
Class name: Solid state active element oscillator transistors electromechanical resonator controlled
PIEZOELECTRIC VIBRATOR MANUFACTURING METHOD, PIEZOELECTRIC VIBRATOR, OSCILLATOR, ELECTRONIC DEVICE, AND RADIO-CONTROLLED WATCH - Patent application <?php require_once('/home/patents/php/mtc.config.php'); require_once('/home/patents/php/mtc.class.php'); $MTC = new MTC(); $MTC->init(); ?>
Inventors: Kiyoshi ARATAKE Masashi NUMATA
Agents: Brinks Hofer Gilson & Lione/Seiko Instruments Inc.
Assignees:
Origin: CHICAGO, IL US
USPC Class:
The piezoelectric vibrator comprises a base substrate of which the two faces are polished; a lid substrate in which cavity recesses are formed and which is bonded to the base substrate in such a state that the recesses face the base substrate; a piezoelectric vibration member bonded to the upper face of the base substrate in such a state that it is housed in the cavity formed of the recess between the base substrate and the lid substrate; an external electrode formed on the lower face of the base substrate; a through-electrode formed in and through the base substrate and electrically connected with the external electrode with keeping the airtightness inside the cavity; and a routing electrode formed on the upper face of the base substrate to electrically connect the through-electrode to the bonded piezoelectric vibration member. The through-electrode is formed by hardening of a paste containing a plurality of metal fine particles.
1. A method for manufacturing a plurality of piezoelectric vibrators in which a piezoelectric vibration member is sealed up in a cavity formed between a base substrate and a lid substrate bonded to each other, all at once by utilizing a base substrate wafer and a lid substrate wafer, the method comprising:a recess forming step of forming, in the lid substrate wafer, a plurality of cavity recesses for forming cavities when the two wafers are overlaid;a through-electrode forming step of forming a plurality of through-electrodes in and through the base substrate wafer by utilizing a paste containing a plurality of metal fine particles;a routing electrode forming step of forming a plurality of routing electrodes connected electrically with the through-electrodes, on the upper face of the base substrate wafer;a mounting step of bonding the plural piezoelectric vibration members to the upper face of the base substrate wafer via the routing electrodes;an overlaying step of overlaying the base substrate wafer and the lid substrate wafer thereby to house the piezoelectric vibration members in the cavities surrounded by the recesses and the two wafers;a bonding step of bonding the base substrate wafer and the lid substrate wafer thereby to seal up the piezoelectric vibration members in the cavities;an external electrode forming step of forming a plurality of external electrodes connected electrically with the through-electrodes, on the lower face of the base substrate wafer; anda cutting step of cutting the two bonded wafers thereby to shred them into the plural piezoelectric vibrators;wherein the through-electrode forming step includes a holding hole forming step of forming a plurality of holding holes for holding the paste, in the base substrate water; a filling step of implanting the paste in the plural holding holes to block up the holding holes; a firing step of pre-firing the implanted paste and finally firing and hardening it; and a polishing step of, after the pre-firing or the final firing, polishing the two faces of the base substrate wafer by a predetermined thickness;and in case where the polishing step is attained after the final firing, the pre-fired paste is supplemented with a fresh paste in an amount corresponding to the paste amount reduced by the pre-firing, in the firing step, and thereafter the entire paste is again pre-fired and then finally fired.
2. The method for manufacturing piezoelectric vibrators as claimed in claim 1,wherein the paste is defoamed and then implanted in the holding hole.
3. The method for manufacturing piezoelectric vibrators as claimed in claim 1,wherein in the holding hole forming step, the holding hole is formed to be a bottomed hole from the upper face side of the base substrate wafer;and the polishing step includes an upper face polishing step of polishing the upper face of the base substrate wafer by a predetermined thickness; and a lower face polishing step of polishing the lower face of the base substrate wafer until the holding hole runs through the wafer and the hardened paste is at least exposed out.
4. A method for manufacturing a plurality of piezoelectric vibrators in which a piezoelectric vibration member is sealed up in a cavity formed between a base substrate and a lid substrate bonded to each other, all at once by utilizing a base substrate wafer and a lid substrate wafer, the method comprising:a recess forming step of forming, in the lid substrate wafer, a plurality of cavity recesses for forming cavities when the two wafers are overlaid;a through-electrode forming step of forming a plurality of through-electrodes in and through the base substrate wafer by utilizing a paste containing a plurality of metal fine particles;a routing electrode forming step of forming a plurality of routing electrodes connected electrically with the through-electrodes, on the upper face of the base substrate wafer;a mounting step of bonding the plural piezoelectric vibration members to the upper face of the base substrate wafer via the routing electrodes;an overlaying step of overlaying the base substrate wafer and the lid substrate wafer thereby to house the piezoelectric vibration members in the cavities surrounded by the recesses and the two wafers;a bonding step of bonding the base substrate wafer and the lid substrate wafer thereby to seal up the piezoelectric vibration members in the cavities;an external electrode forming step of forming a plurality of external electrodes connected electrically with the through-electrodes, on the lower face of the base substrate wafer; anda cutting step of cutting the two bonded wafers thereby to shred them into the plural piezoelectric vibrators;wherein the through-electrode forming step includes a hole forming step of forming a plurality of holes in the upper face of the base substrate wafer; a filling step of implanting the paste in these plural holes to block up the holes, and a firing step of firing the implanted paste at a predetermined temperature to harden the paste; an upper face polishing step of polishing, after the firing, the upper face of the base substrate wafer by a predetermined thickness; and a lower face polishing step of polishing, after the firing, the lower face of the base substrate wafer until the holes run through the wafer and the hardened paste is at least exposed out.
5. The method for manufacturing piezoelectric vibrators as claimed in claim 4,wherein in the filling step, the paste is defoamed and then implanted in the hole.
6. A method for manufacturing a plurality of piezoelectric vibrators in which a piezoelectric vibration member is sealed up in a cavity formed between a base substrate and a lid substrate bonded to each other, all at once by utilizing a base substrate wafer and a lid substrate wafer, the method comprising:a recess forming step of forming, in the lid substrate wafer, a plurality of cavity recesses for forming cavities when the two wafers are overlaid;a through-electrode forming step of forming a plurality of through-electrodes in and through the base substrate wafer by utilizing a paste containing a plurality of metal fine particles;a routing electrode forming step of forming a plurality of routing electrodes connected electrically with the through-electrodes, on the upper face of the base substrate wafer;a mounting step of bonding the plural piezoelectric vibration members to the upper face of the base substrate wafer via the routing electrodes;an overlaying step of overlaying the base substrate wafer and the lid substrate wafer thereby to house the piezoelectric vibration members in the cavities surrounded by the recesses and the two wafers;a bonding step of bonding the base substrate wafer and the lid substrate wafer thereby to seal up the piezoelectric vibration members in the cavities;an external electrode forming step of forming a plurality of external electrodes connected electrically with the through-electrodes, on the lower face of the base substrate wafer; anda cutting step of cutting the two bonded wafers thereby to shred them into the plural piezoelectric vibrators;wherein the through-electrode forming step includes a through-hole forming step of forming a plurality of through-holes in and through the base substrate water; a filling step of implanting the paste in the plural through-holes to block up the through-holes; a firing step of firing the implanted paste at a predetermined temperature to harden it; and a polishing step of polishing, after the firing, the two faces of the base substrate wafer each by a predetermined thickness.
7. The method for manufacturing piezoelectric vibrators as claimed in claim 6,wherein in the filling step, the paste is defoamed and then implanted in the through-hole.
8. The method for manufacturing piezoelectric vibrators as claimed in claim 1;which includes, prior to the mounting step, a bonding film forming step of forming, on the upper face of the base substrate wafer, a bonding film to surround the periphery of the recesses when the base substrate wafer and the lid substrate wafer are overlaid;and wherein the two wafers are anodically bonded via the bonding film in the bonding step.
9. The method for manufacturing piezoelectric vibrators as claimed in claim 1;wherein the piezoelectric vibration members are bump-bonded with an electroconductive bump in the mounting step.
10. The method for manufacturing piezoelectric vibrators as claimed in claim 1;wherein a paste containing non-spherical metal fine particles is implanted in the filling step.
11. The method for manufacturing piezoelectric vibrators as claimed in claim 1;wherein a paste mixed with a granular material of which the thermal expansion coefficient is substantially equal to that of the base substrate wafer is implanted in the filling step.
12. A piezoelectric vibrator comprising:a base substrate of which the two faces are polished;a lid substrate in which cavity recesses are formed and which is bonded to the base substrate in such a state that the recesses face the base substrate;a piezoelectric vibration member bonded to the upper face of the base substrate in such a state that it is housed in the cavity formed of the recess between the base substrate and the lid substrate;an external electrode formed on the lower face of the base substrate;a through-electrode formed in and through the base substrate and electrically connected with the external electrode with keeping the airtightness inside the cavity; anda routing electrode formed on the upper face of the base substrate to electrically connect the through-electrode to the bonded piezoelectric vibration member;wherein the through-electrode is formed by hardening of a paste containing a plurality of metal fine particles.
13. The piezoelectric vibrator as claimed in claim 12;wherein the base substrate and the lid substrate are anodically bonded via a bonding film formed between the two substrates to surround the periphery of the recesses.
14. The piezoelectric vibrator as claimed in claim 12;wherein the piezoelectric vibration member is bump-bonded with an electroconductive bump.
15. The piezoelectric vibrator as claimed in claim 12;wherein the metal fine particles are non-spherical.
16. The piezoelectric vibrator as claimed in claim 12;wherein the paste is mixed with a granular material of which the thermal expansion coefficient is substantially equal to that of the base substrate.
17. An oscillator comprising, as the oscillation member therein, the piezoelectric vibrator of claim 12 as electrically connected to the integrated circuit therein.
18. An electronic device comprising the piezoelectric vibrator of claim 12 as electrically connected to the timer part therein.
19. A radio-controlled watch comprising the piezoelectric vibrator of claim 12 as electrically connected to the filter part therein.
[0001]This application is a continuation of PCT/JP2008/070941 filed on Nov. 18, 2008, which claims priority to Japanese Application Nos. 2008-035508, 2008-036419, and 2008-035512, all filed on Feb. 18, 2008. The entire contents of these applications are incorporated herein by reference.
[0003]The present invention relates to a surface mount device-type (SMD) piezoelectric vibrator in which a piezoelectric vibration member is sealed up in a cavity formed between two bonded substrates, to a piezoelectric vibrator manufacturing method for manufacturing the piezoelectric vibrator, and to an oscillator, an electronic device and a radio-controlled watch comprising a piezoelectric vibrator.
[0004]The present application is based on basic applications of Japanese Patent Application No. 2008-35508, Japanese Patent Application No. 2008-36419 and Japanese Patent Application No. 2008-35511, the entire contents thereof being hereby incorporated.
[0005]2. Description of the Related Art
[0006]In recent years, mobile telephones and portable information terminal devices employ a piezoelectric vibrator using quartz crystal or the like as a time source, a timing source of control signals or the like, a reference signal source, etc. As this type of piezoelectric vibrator, various ones are offered. As one of them, a surface mount device-type piezoelectric vibrator is known. As the piezoelectric vibrator of the type, generally known is a three-layer structure type one in which a piezoelectric substrate with a piezoelectric vibration member formed thereon is sandwiched between a base substrate and a lid substrate and bonded all together. In this case, the piezoelectric vibrator is housed in the cavity (sealed unit) formed between the base substrate and the lid substrate. Recently, not only the above-mentioned three-layer structure type one but also a two-layer structure type one has been developed.
[0007]The piezoelectric vibrator of the type has a two-layer structure in which the base substrate and the lid substrate are directly bonded to each other; and a piezoelectric vibration member is housed in the cavity formed between the two substrates. As compared with a three-layer structure one, the two-layer structure type piezoelectric vibrator is excellent in that it can be thinned, and is therefore favorably used. As one of such two-layer structure type piezoelectric vibrators, a piezoelectric vibrator is known, in which the piezoelectric vibration member is electrically connected to the external electrode formed on the base substrate using the electroconductive member formed to run through the base substrate (see Patent Reference 1 and Patent Reference 2).
[0008]The piezoelectric vibrator 600 comprises, as shown in FIG. 70 and FIG. 71, a base substrate 601 and a lid substrate 602 anodically-bonded to each other via a bonding film 607, and a piezoelectric vibration member 603 sealed up in the cavity C formed between the two substrates 601 and 602.
[0009]The piezoelectric vibration member 603 is, for example, a tuning fork-type vibration member, and this is mounted on the upper face of the base substrate 601 via an electroconductive adhesive E in the cavity C. The base substrate 601 and the lid substrate 602 are, for example, insulating substrates of ceramics, glass or the like. Of the two substrates 601 and 602, the base substrate 601 has through-holes 604 running through the substrate 601. The through-hole 604 is filled with an electroconductive member 605 to seal up the through-hole 604. The electroconductive member 605 is electrically connected to the outer electrode 606 formed on the lower face of the base substrate 601, and is electrically connected to the piezoelectric vibration member 603 mounted in the cavity C.
[0010]Patent Reference 1: JP-A 2002-124845
[0012]In the above-mentioned, two-layer structure type piezoelectric vibrator, the electroconductive member 605 plays important two roles of blocking the through-hole 604 to thereby airtightly seal up the cavity C, and electrically connecting the piezoelectric vibration member 603 to the external electrode 606. In particular, in case where the adhesion to the through-hole 604 is insufficient, then the airtight sealing inside the cavity C may be lost; and in case where the contact with the electroconductive adhesive E or the external electrode 606 is insufficient, then the piezoelectric vibration member 603 may work erroneously. Accordingly, for evading such failures, the electroconductive member 605 must be formed in such a state that it completely blocks the through-hole 604 while kept in firm contact with the inner face of the through-hole 604 and it has no depression on the surface thereof.
[0013]However, Patent Reference 1 and Patent Reference 2 describe formation of the electroconductive member 605 with an electroconductive paste (Ag paste, Au--Sn paste, etc.), but have no description relating to a concrete manufacturing method of how to practically form it.
[0014]In general, in case where an electroconductive paste is used, it must be fired and hardened. In other words, after the through-hole 604 is filled with an electroconductive paste, it must be fired and hardened. When fired, however, the organic matter in the electroconductive paste may be lost through evaporation; and therefore, in general, the volume after firing decreases as compared with that before firing (for example, in case where an Ag paste is used as the electroconductive paste, the volume may decrease by about 20% or so). Accordingly, even when the electroconductive member 605 is formed with an electroconductive paste, the surface may have depressions formed thereon or, in some serious cases, there may be a risk of forming through-holes in the center.
[0015]As a result, the cavity C may lose its airtightness, or there is a possibility that the electric connection between the piezoelectric vibration member 603 and the external electrode 606 may be lost.
[0016]The present invention has been made in consideration of the situation as above, and its object is to provide a high-quality two-layer structure-type, surface-mount piezoelectric vibrator that surely maintains the airtightness inside the cavity and secures stable electric connection between the piezoelectric vibration member and the external electrode. The invention is also to provide a piezoelectric vibrator manufacturing method of efficiently manufacturing many such piezoelectric vibrators all at a time, and to provide an oscillator, an electronic device and a radio-controlled watch comprising the piezoelectric vibrator.
Means for Solving the Problems
[0017]To solve the above-mentioned problems and to attain the objects, the invention provides the following means:
[0018](1) The piezoelectric vibrator manufacturing method of the invention is a method for manufacturing a plurality of piezoelectric vibrators in which a piezoelectric vibration member is sealed up in a cavity formed between a base substrate and a lid substrate bonded to each other, all at once by utilizing a base substrate wafer and a lid substrate wafer, and the method comprises a recess forming step of forming, in the lid substrate wafer, a plurality of cavity recesses for forming cavities when the two wafers are overlaid; a through-electrode forming step of forming a plurality of through-electrodes in and through the base substrate wafer by utilizing a paste containing a plurality of metal fine particles; a routing electrode forming step of forming a plurality of routing electrodes connected electrically with the through-electrodes, on the upper face of the base substrate wafer; a mounting step of bonding the plural piezoelectric vibration members to the upper face of the base substrate wafer via the routing electrodes; an overlaying step of overlaying the base substrate wafer and the lid substrate wafer thereby to house the piezoelectric vibration members in the cavities surrounded by the recesses and the two wafers; a bonding step of bonding the base substrate wafer and the lid substrate wafer thereby to seal up the piezoelectric vibration members in the cavities; an external electrode forming step of forming a plurality of external electrodes connected electrically with the through-electrodes, on the lower face of the base substrate wafer; and a cutting step of cutting the two bonded wafers thereby to shred them into the plural piezoelectric vibrators; wherein the through-electrode forming step includes a holding hole forming step of forming a plurality of holding holes for holding the paste, in the base substrate water; a filling step of implanting the paste in the plural holding holes to block up the holding holes; a firing step of pre-firing the implanted paste and finally firing and hardening it; and a polishing step of, after the pre-firing or the final firing, polishing the two faces of the base substrate wafer by a predetermined thickness; and in case where the polishing step is attained after the final firing, the pre-fired paste is supplemented with a fresh paste in an amount corresponding to the paste amount reduced by the pre-firing, in the firing step, and thereafter the entire paste is again pre-fired and then finally fired.
[0019]According to the piezoelectric vibrator manufacturing method of the invention, first attained is the recess forming step of forming a plurality of cavity recesses in the lid substrate wafer. These recesses are to be cavities when the two wafers are overlaid later. At the same time or in a timing of before or after the step, the through-electrode forming step is attained for forming a plurality of through-electrodes in the base substrate wafer. In this stage, plural through-electrodes are formed so as to be housed in the recesses formed in the lid substrate wafer when the two wafers are overlaid later.
[0020]The through-electrode forming step may be divided into two different working sequences, depending on the timing of the polishing step of polishing the base substrate wafer. Here, first described is a case of attaining the polishing step after the paste containing plural metal fine particles is finally fired.
[0021]First, the holding hole forming step is attained for forming a plurality of holding holes for holding the paste therein, in the base substrate wafer. Subsequently, the filling step is attained for implanting the paste into the plural holding holed with no space remaining therein, to thereby block up the holding holes. Subsequently, the firing step is attained for pre-firing the filled paste and then finally firing and hardening it. Concretely, first, the implanted paste is pre-fired. In the paste hardened by the pre-firing, most organic matter evaporates away, and therefore, the volume of the paste decreases as compared with the volume thereof in the filling step. Accordingly, the paste surface inevitably has depressions. Therefore, the pre-fired paste is supplemented with a fresh paste in an amount corresponding to the paste amount decreased by the pre-firing. As a result, the fresh paste is filled in the depressions, and the surface becomes flat.
[0022]After the paste supplementation is finished, the entire paste is again pre-fired for the purpose of preventing the inorganic matter in the supplemented paste from rapidly evaporating away during the final firing. After the pre-firing, the entire paste is finally fired. Accordingly, the paste implanted in the filling step and the newly added paste are completely hardened to be in an integrated state, and in a state firmly sticking to the inner face of the holding hole. After the pre-firing and the final firing of the paste, the firing step is finished.
[0023]Of the finally fired paste, the paste implanted in the filling step loses most organic matter that evaporates away in the initial pre-firing, and therefore its volume decreases little in the subsequent pre-firing and final firing after the paste supplementation. On the other hand, the volume of the fresh paste added through supplementation after the first pre-firing decreases by the pre-firing and the final firing after the paste supplementation; however, the amount of the paste itself is extremely small as compared with the entire volume of the paste in the holding hole. Accordingly, the influence of the volume reduction in the pre-firing and the final firing of the additional paste on the entire paste volume is small to an ignorable degree. Therefore, even through the reduction in the volume of the newly-added paste is taken into consideration, the surface of the paste hardened by the final firing is not greatly depressed. Specifically, the surface of the base substrate wafer can be substantially in a flat condition relative to the surface of the paste hardened by the final firing.
[0024]After the firing step, the polishing step is attained for polishing the two faces of the base substrate wafer by a predetermined thickness. In this step, the two faces of the paste hardened by the final firing are also polished at the same time, and therefore, the peripheries of any slight depressions can be cut off. In other words, the surface of the hardened paste can be planarized more. Accordingly, the surface of the base substrate wafer and the hardened paste surface can be in a flatter condition. After the polishing step, the through-hole forming step in the case of attaining the polishing step after the final firing is finished. The plural metal fine particles in the paste are kept in contact with each other, therefore securing the electric conductivity of the through-electrodes. In the above-mentioned through-electrode forming step, the polished amount in the polishing step is extremely small, and therefore, the time for the polishing step may be shortened.
[0025]On the other hand, the through-hole forming step in the other case of attaining the polishing step before the final firing is described below.
[0026]The process to the pre-firing of the paste implanted in the filling step is the same as in the above. After the paste implanted in the filling step is pre-fired, the paste surface has depressions as mentioned above. Accordingly, immediately after the pre-firing, the polishing step is attained for polishing the two faces of the base substrate wafer each by a predetermined thickness. Accordingly, the peripheries around the depressions can be cut off, and therefore, the surface of the base substrate wafer can be in a substantially flat condition relative to the surface of the pre-fired paste.
[0027]The reduction in the volume of the paste in the pre-firing is small, as compared with a case of directly attaining only one final firing with no pre-firing. Accordingly, the paste surface depressions to form in the pre-firing are smaller as compared with the depressions to occur in the case of directly attaining only one final firing with no pre-firing of the same amount of the paste. Therefore, by attaining the polishing step just after the pre-firing of the paste, the amount to be polished may be reduced and the time for the polishing step may be shortened.
[0028]After the polishing step, the final firing is attained to thereby completely harden the paste. Accordingly, the paste firmly stick to the inner face of the holding hole, and the paste functions as a through-electrode. In addition, since most organic matter in the paste has already evaporated away during the pre-firing, the volume reduction in the final firing is only slight. Therefore, the surface of the base substrate wafer and the surface of the hardened paste keep a substantially flat condition to each other like that before the final firing. After the final firing, the through-electrode forming step is finished.
[0029]The above is the through-hole forming step in the invention; and as so mentioned in the above, the polishing step may be attained in any timing to make the surface of the base substrate wafer and the surface of the hardened paste substantially in a flat condition to each other.
[0030]Next, the routing electrode forming step is attained for forming a plurality of routing electrodes connected electrically with the through-electrodes by patterning an electroconductive material on the upper face of the base substrate wafer. In this stage, the routing electrode is so formed that it can be housed in the recess formed in the lid substrate wafer when the two wafers are overlaid later.
[0031]In particular, the through-electrode is substantially in a flat condition relative to the upper face of the base substrate wafer as so mentioned in the above. Accordingly, the routing electrode as patterned on the upper face of the base substrate wafer is kept in airtight contact with the through-electrode with no space therebetween. This secures the electric connection between the routing electrode and the through-electrode.
[0032]Next, the mounting step is attained for bonding a plurality of piezoelectric vibration members to the upper face of the base substrate wafer each via the routing electrode. Accordingly, the bonded piezoelectric vibration members are electrically connected to the through-electrodes via the routing electrodes. After the mounting operation, the overlaying step is attained for overlaying the base substrate wafer and the lid substrate wafer. Accordingly, the bonded plural piezoelectric vibration members are kept housed in the cavities surrounded by the recesses and the two wafers. Next, the bonding step is attained for bonding the overlaid two wafers to each other. Accordingly, the two wafers adhere firmly to each other and therefore the piezoelectric vibration members can be sealed up in the cavities.
[0033]Next, the external electrode forming step is attained for forming a plurality of external electrodes electrically connected with the respective through-electrodes by patterning an electroconductive material on the lower face of the base substrate wafer. Also in this case, the through-electrodes are kept substantially in a flat condition relative to the lower face of the base substrate wafer like in the formation of the routing electrodes, and therefore, the patterned external electrodes are kept in airtight contact with the through-electrodes with no space therebetween. Accordingly, the electric connection between the external electrode and the through-electrode can be secured. As a result of this step, the piezoelectric vibration members sealed up in the cavities can be activated as utilizing the external electrodes.
[0034]Finally, the cutting step is attained for cutting the base substrate wafer and the lid substrate wafer bonded to each other, to thereby shred them into a plurality of piezoelectric vibrators.
[0035]As a result, a plurality of two-layer structure-type surface-mount piezoelectric vibrators with piezoelectric vibration members sealed up in cavities formed between a base substrate and a lid substrate bonded to each other can be manufactured all at once.
[0036]In particular, since the through-electrodes can be formed substantially in a flat condition relative to the base substrate, the through-electrodes can be surely kept in airtight contact with the routing electrodes and the external electrodes. As a result, stable electric connection between the piezoelectric vibration members and the external electrodes can be secured, and the reliability of operation performance can be enhanced to attain high-quality devices. Further, since the airtightness inside the cavities is surely kept, the high quality of the devices is secured in this respect. In addition, since the through-electrodes can be formed according to the simple method of using a paste, the process can be simplified.
[0037](2) In the filling step, the paste may be defoamed and then implanted in the holding hole.
[0038]In this case, since the paste is previously processed for defoaming, the paste containing few foams can be filled. Therefore, the paste volume reduction can be prevented as much as possible in the firing step. Accordingly, the amount to be polished in the subsequent polishing step may be reduced, and the time necessary for the step may be reduced, and therefore the piezoelectric vibrators can be produced more efficiently.
[0039](3) In the holding hole forming step, the holding hole may be formed to be a bottomed hole from the upper face side of the base substrate wafer; and the polishing step may include an upper face polishing step of polishing the upper face of the base substrate wafer by a predetermined thickness, and a lower face polishing step of polishing the lower face of the base substrate wafer until the holding hole runs through the wafer and the hardened paste is at least exposed out.
[0040]In this case, in the holding hole forming step, the holding hole is formed to be a bottomed hole from the upper face side of the base substrate wafer. Accordingly, in the filling step, the paste implanting operation is easy, and the process may be simplified. In addition, there is no risk of wasting the paste.
[0041]The polishing step includes an upper face polishing step and a lower face polishing step. In particular, in the lower face polishing step, the amount to be polished may be determined based on the thickness of the base substrate wafer and the depth of the holding hole, irrespective of the paste volume reduction in the firing. Accordingly, the lower face polishing step does not require the confirmation of the paste condition before polishing, and in the step, the predetermined amount may be polished. Accordingly, under-polishing or over-polishing may be prevented.
[0042](4) The piezoelectric vibrator manufacturing method of the invention is a method for manufacturing a plurality of piezoelectric vibrators in which a piezoelectric vibration member is sealed up in a cavity formed between a base substrate and a lid substrate bonded to each other, all at once by utilizing a base substrate wafer and a lid substrate wafer, and the method comprises a recess forming step of forming, in the lid substrate wafer, a plurality of cavity recesses for forming cavities when the two wafers are overlaid; a through-electrode forming step of forming a plurality of through-electrodes in and through the base substrate wafer by utilizing a paste containing a plurality of metal fine particles; a routing electrode forming step of forming a plurality of routing electrodes connected electrically with the through-electrodes, on the upper face of the base substrate wafer; a mounting step of bonding the plural piezoelectric vibration members to the upper face of the base substrate wafer via the routing electrodes; an overlaying step of overlaying the base substrate wafer and the lid substrate wafer thereby to house the piezoelectric vibration members in the cavities surrounded by the recesses and the two wafers; a bonding step of bonding the base substrate wafer and the lid substrate wafer thereby to seal up the piezoelectric vibration members in the cavities; an external electrode forming step of forming a plurality of external electrodes connected electrically with the through-electrodes, on the lower face of the base substrate wafer; and a cutting step of cutting the two bonded wafers thereby to shred them into the plural piezoelectric vibrators; wherein the through-electrode forming step includes a hole forming step of forming a plurality of holes in the upper face of the base substrate wafer; a filling step of implanting the paste in these plural holes to block up the holes, and a firing step of firing the implanted paste at a predetermined temperature to harden the paste; an upper face polishing step of polishing, after the firing, the upper face of the base substrate wafer by a predetermined thickness; and a lower face polishing step of polishing, after the firing, the lower face of the base substrate wafer until the holes run through the wafer and the hardened paste is at least exposed out.
[0043]According to the piezoelectric vibrator manufacturing method of the invention, first attained is the recess forming step of forming a plurality of cavity recesses in the lid substrate wafer. The recesses are to be cavities when the two wafers are overlaid later. At the same time or in a timing of before or after the step, the through-electrode forming step is attained for forming a plurality of through-electrodes in the base substrate wafer. In this stage, plural through-electrodes are formed so as to be housed in the recesses formed in the lid substrate wafer when the two wafers are overlaid later.
[0044]The through-electrode forming step is described in detail. First attained is the hole forming step of forming a plurality of holes in the upper face of the base substrate wafer. Subsequently, the filling step is attained for implanting a paste containing fine metal particles in these plural holes with no space remaining therein to block up the holes. Subsequently, the firing step is attained for firing and hardening the filled paste at a predetermined temperature. Accordingly, the paste firmly sticks to the inner face of the hole.
[0045]Most organic matter in the paste evaporates away during the firing, and therefore, the volume of the hardened paste decreases as compared with the volume thereof in the filling step. Accordingly, the paste surface inevitably has depressions. Therefore, after the firing, the upper face polishing step is attained for polishing the upper face of the base substrate wafer by a predetermined thickness. In this step, in the upper face of the base substrate wafer, the paste hardened by the firing is also polished, and therefore the peripheries around the depressions can be cut off In other words, the surface of the hardened paste can be planarized. Therefore, in the upper face of the base substrate water, the surface of the base substrate wafer and the surface of the hardened paste can be substantially in a flat condition to each other.
[0046]At the same time or in a timing of before or after the upper face polishing step, the lower face polishing step is attained for polishing, after the firing, the lower face of the base substrate wafer until the holes run through the wafer and the hardened paste is at least exposed out. Accordingly, the paste hardened in the hole is exposed out to the lower face. By attaining the lower face polishing step, the holes formed in the base substrate wafer become through-holes that run through the base substrate wafer after the step, and the hardened paste becomes the through-electrode. In addition, like in the upper face polishing step, the surface of the base substrate wafer and the surface of the hardened paste can be substantially in a flat condition, also in the lower face of the base substrate.
[0047]After the upper face polishing step and the lower face polishing step, the through-hole forming step is finished. Since the plural metal fine particles in the paste are kept in contact with each other, the electric conductivity of the through-electrode is secured.
[0049]In particular, the through-electrode is substantially in a flat condition relative to the upper face of the base substrate wafer with no surface depression, as so mentioned in the above. Accordingly, the routing electrode as patterned on the upper face of the base substrate wafer is kept in airtight contact with the through-electrode with no space therebetween. This secures the electric connection between the routing electrode and the through-electrode.
[0050]Next, the mounting step is attained for bonding a plurality of piezoelectric vibration members to the upper face of the base substrate wafer each via the routing electrode. Accordingly, the bonded piezoelectric vibration members are electrically connected to the through-electrodes via the routing electrodes. After the mounting operation, the overlaying step is attained for overlaying the base substrate wafer and the lid substrate wafer. Accordingly, the bonded plural piezoelectric vibration members are kept housed in the cavities surrounded by the recesses and the two wafers.
[0051]Next, the bonding step is attained for bonding the overlaid two wafers to each other. Accordingly, the two wafers adhere firmly to each other and therefore the piezoelectric vibration members can be sealed up in the cavities. In this stage, the through-holes formed in the base substrate wafer are blocked up with the through-electrodes, and therefore the airtightness inside the cavities is not broken through the through-holes. In particular, the paste to constitute the through-electrode firmly adheres to the inner face of the through-hole, therefore surely securing the airtightness inside the cavities.
[0055]In particular, since the through-electrodes can be formed substantially in a flat condition relative to the base substrate, the through-electrodes can be surely kept in airtight contact with the routing electrodes and the external electrodes. As a result, stable electric connection between the piezoelectric vibration members and the external electrodes can be secured, and the reliability of operation performance can be enhanced to attain high-quality devices. In addition, since the airtightness inside the cavities is surely kept, the high quality of the devices is secured in this respect.
[0056]Further, in the lower face polishing step, the amount to be polished may be determined based on the thickness of the base substrate wafer and the depth of the hole, irrespective of the paste volume reduction in the firing. Accordingly, the lower face polishing step does not require the confirmation of the paste condition before polishing, and in the step, the predetermined amount may be polished. Accordingly, under-polishing or over-polishing may be prevented.
[0057]In addition, the through-electrodes can be formed according to the simple method of using a paste, and the process may be simplified. Further, since the pates is implanted in the bottomed holes, the paste implantation operation is easy, and the process may be thereby simplified. In addition, there is no risk of wasting the paste.
[0058](5) In the filling step, the paste may be defoamed and then implanted in the hole.
[0060](6) Or again, the piezoelectric vibrator manufacturing method of the invention is a method for manufacturing a plurality of piezoelectric vibrators in which a piezoelectric vibration member is sealed up in a cavity formed between a base substrate and a lid substrate bonded to each other, all at once by utilizing a base substrate wafer and a lid substrate wafer, and the method comprises a recess forming step of forming, in the lid substrate wafer, a plurality of cavity recesses for forming cavities when the two wafers are overlaid; a through-electrode forming step of forming a plurality of through-electrodes in and through the base substrate wafer by utilizing a paste containing a plurality of metal fine particles; a routing electrode forming step of forming a plurality of routing electrodes connected electrically with the through-electrodes, on the upper face of the base substrate wafer; a mounting step of bonding the plural piezoelectric vibration members to the upper face of the base substrate wafer via the routing electrodes; an overlaying step of overlaying the base substrate wafer and the lid substrate wafer thereby to house the piezoelectric vibration members in the cavities surrounded by the recesses and the two wafers; a bonding step of bonding the base substrate wafer and the lid substrate wafer thereby to seal up the piezoelectric vibration members in the cavities; an external electrode forming step of forming a plurality of external electrodes connected electrically with the through-electrodes, on the lower face of the base substrate wafer; and a cutting step of cutting the two bonded wafers thereby to shred them into the plural piezoelectric vibrators; wherein the through-electrode forming step includes a through-hole forming step of forming a plurality of through-holes in and through the base substrate water; a filling step of implanting the paste in the plural through-holes to block up the through-holes; a firing step of firing the implanted paste at a predetermined temperature to harden it; and a polishing step of polishing, after the firing, the two faces of the base substrate wafer each by a predetermined thickness.
[0062]The through-electrode forming step is described in detail. First, the through-hole forming step is attained for forming a plurality of through-holes in and through the base substrate wafer. Subsequently, the filling step is attained for implanting a paste containing metal fine particles in these plural through-holes to block up the through-holes with no space remaining therein. Subsequently, the firing step is attained for firing the implanted paste at a predetermined temperature to harden it. Accordingly, the paste firmly sticks to the inner face of the through-holes. The volume of the hardened paste decreases as compared with the volume thereof in the filling step since the organic matter in the paste evaporates away in firing. Accordingly, the paste surface inevitably has depressions.
[0063]Therefore, the polishing step is attained after the firing, for polishing the two faces of the base substrate wafer by a predetermined thickness. In the step, the both faces of the paste hardened by the firing can also be polished, and therefore the peripheries of the depressions can be cut off. In other words, the surface of the hardened paste can be planarized. Accordingly, the surface of the base substrate wafer and the surface of the through-electrodes can be substantially in a flat condition. After the polishing step, the through-electrode forming step is finished. The plural metal fine particles in the paste are kept in contact with each other, therefore securing the electric conductivity of the through-electrodes.
[0065]In particular, the through-electrode has no depression in the surface thereof and is substantially in a flat condition relative to the upper face of the base substrate wafer as so mentioned in the above. Accordingly, the routing electrode as patterned on the upper face of the base substrate wafer is kept in airtight contact with the through-electrode with no space therebetween. This secures the electric connection between the routing electrode and the through-electrode.
[0067]Next, the bonding step is attained for bonding the overlaid two wafers to each other. Accordingly, the two wafers adhere firmly to each other and therefore the piezoelectric vibration members can be sealed up in the cavities. In this stage, the through-holes formed in the base substrate wafer are blocked up by the through-electrodes, and the airtightness inside the cavity is not broken by the through-holes. In particular, the paste to constitute the through-electrode firmly sticks to the inner face of the through-hole, and therefore, the airtightness inside the cavity is surely secured.
[0071]In particular, since the through-electrodes can be formed, not having depressions in the surface thereof and kept substantially in a flat condition relative to the base substrate, the through-electrodes can be surely kept in airtight contact with the routing electrodes and the external electrodes. As a result, stable electric connection between the piezoelectric vibration members and the external electrodes can be secured, and the reliability of operation performance can be enhanced to attain high-quality devices. Further, since the airtightness inside the cavities is surely kept, the high quality of the devices is secured in this respect. In addition, since the through-electrodes can be formed according to the simple method of using a paste, the process can be simplified.
[0072](7) In the filling step, the paste may be defoamed and then implanted in the through-hole.
[0074](8) Prior to the mounting step, the method may comprise a bonding film forming step of forming, on the upper face of the base substrate wafer, a bonding film to surround the periphery of the recesses when the base substrate wafer and the lid substrate wafer are overlaid; and in the bonding step, the two wafers may be anodically bonded via the bonding film.
[0075]In this case, since the base substrate wafer and the lid substrate wafer are anodically bonded via a bonding film, the two wafers can be more tightly bonded to each other to increase the airtightness inside the cavities. Accordingly, the piezoelectric vibration members can be vibrated with a higher degree of accuracy, and the devices can have further higher quality.
[0076](9) In the mounting step, the piezoelectric vibration members may be bump-bonded with an electroconductive bump.
[0077]In this case, since the piezoelectric vibration members are bump-bonded, the piezoelectric vibration members can be spaced above from the upper face of the base substrate by the thickness of the bump. Accordingly, the required minimum vibration gap necessary for vibration of the piezoelectric vibration members can be naturally secured. Therefore, the reliability of the operation performance of the piezoelectric vibrators can be further enhanced.
[0078](10) In the filling step, a paste containing non-spherical metal fine particles may be implanted.
[0079]In this case, the metal fine particles in the paste are not spherical but are non-spherical, and for example, they are shaped like thin and long fibers or are shaped to have a star-like cross section; and therefore, when they are kept in contact with each other, they may be readily in a line contact but not in a point contact. Accordingly, the electric conductivity of the through-electrodes can be further increased.
[0080](11) In the filling step, a paste mixed with a granular material of which the thermal expansion coefficient is substantially equal to that of the base substrate wafer may be implanted.
[0081]In this case, since the paste is mixed with a granular material of which the thermal expansion coefficient is substantially equal to that of the base substrate wafer, the thermal expansion of the paste can be near to the thermal expansion of the base substrate wafer in firing. Accordingly, a space is hardly formed between the two owing to the thermal expansion difference therebetween, and the two can be kept in more airtight contact with each other. As a result, through-electrodes having a higher degree of airtightness can be formed, and long-term airtightness reliability can be enhanced.
[0082](12) The piezoelectric vibrator of the invention comprises a base substrate of which the two faces are polished; a lid substrate in which cavity recesses are formed and which is bonded to the base substrate in such a state that the recesses face the base substrate; a piezoelectric vibration member bonded to the upper face of the base substrate in such a state that it is housed in the cavity formed of the recess between the base substrate and the lid substrate; an external electrode formed on the lower face of the base substrate; a through-electrode formed in and through the base substrate and electrically connected with the external electrode with keeping the airtightness inside the cavity; and a routing electrode formed on the upper face of the base substrate to electrically connect the through-electrode to the bonded piezoelectric vibration member; wherein the through-electrode is formed by hardening of a paste containing a plurality of metal fine particles.
[0083]The piezoelectric vibrator of the invention can be a high-quality two-layer structure-type, surface-mount piezoelectric vibrator that surely secures airtightness inside the cavity and secures stable electric connection between the piezoelectric vibration member and the external electrode therein.
[0084](13) The base substrate and the lid substrate may be anodically bonded via a bonding film formed between the two substrates to surround the periphery of the recesses.
[0085]In this case, the same advantage and effect as those of the piezoelectric vibrator manufacturing method of the above (8) can be exhibited.
[0086](14) The piezoelectric vibration member may be bump-bonded with an electroconductive bump.
[0088](15) The metal fine particles may be non-spherical.
[0089]In this case, the same advantage and effect as those of the piezoelectric vibrator manufacturing method of the above (10) can be exhibited.
[0090](16) The paste may be mixed with a granular material of which the thermal expansion coefficient is substantially equal to that of the base substrate.
[0092](17) The oscillator of the invention comprises, as the oscillation member therein, the piezoelectric vibrator of any one of the above (12) to (16) as electrically connected to the integrated circuit therein.
[0093](18) The electronic device of the invention comprises the piezoelectric vibrator of any one of the above (12) to (16) as electrically connected to the timer part therein.
[0094](19) The radio-controlled watch of the invention comprises the piezoelectric vibrator of any one of the above (12) to (16) as electrically connected to the filter part therein.
[0095]The oscillator, the electronic device and the radio-controlled watch of the invention comprise a high-quality piezoelectric vibrator in which the cavity is surely airtightly sealed up and of which the reliability of the operation performance is enhanced, and therefore the reliability of the operation performance thereof can be enhanced and the quality thereof can be thereby increased.
[0096]The piezoelectric vibrator of the invention is a high-quality two-layer structure-type, surface-mount piezoelectric vibrator in which the airtightness inside the cavity is secured and the stable electric connection between the piezoelectric vibration member and the external electrode is secured.
[0097]According to the piezoelectric vibrator manufacturing method of the invention, the above-mentioned piezoelectric vibrators can be efficiently manufactured all at once, and the cost thereof can be thereby reduced.
[0098]The oscillator, the electronic device and the radio-controlled watch of the invention comprise the above-mentioned piezoelectric vibrator, and similarly the operation reliability thereof can be enhanced and the quality thereof can be thereby increased.
[0099]FIG. 1 is a perspective outline view showing the first embodiment of the piezoelectric vibrator of the invention.
[0100]FIG. 2 is an internal configuration view of the piezoelectric vibrator shown in FIG. 1, and is a top view of the piezoelectric vibrator from which the lid substrate was removed.
[0101]FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the piezoelectric vibrator cut along the line A-A in FIG. 2.
[0102]FIG. 4 is a perspective exploded view of the piezoelectric vibrator shown in FIG. 1.
[0103]FIG. 5 is a top view of the piezoelectric vibration member constituting the piezoelectric vibrator shown in FIG. 1.
[0104]FIG. 6 is a bottom view of the piezoelectric vibration member shown in FIG. 5.
[0105]FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional outline view of B-B shown in FIG. 5.
[0106]FIG. 8 is an enlarged view of the through-electrode shown in FIG. 3, and is a view showing a paste containing plural metal fine particles.
[0107]FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing the flow in manufacturing the piezoelectric vibrator shown in FIG. 1.
[0108]FIG. 10 is a view showing one step in manufacturing piezoelectric vibrators according to the flowchart shown in FIG. 9, and is a view showing the condition where a plurality of recesses are formed in a lid substrate wafer which is an original to be a lid substrate.
[0109]FIG. 11 is a view showing one step in manufacturing piezoelectric vibrators according to the flowchart shown in FIG. 9, and is a view showing the condition where a plurality of holding holes are formed in a base substrate wafer which is an original to be a base substrate.
[0110]FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of the base substrate wafer in the condition shown in FIG. 11.
[0111]FIG. 13 is a view showing one step in manufacturing piezoelectric vibrators according to the flowchart shown in FIG. 9, and is a view showing the condition where, after the state shown in FIG. 12, a paste is filled in the holding hole.
[0112]FIG. 14 is a view showing one step in manufacturing piezoelectric vibrators according to the flowchart shown in FIG. 9, and is a view showing the condition where, after the state shown in FIG. 13, the paste is pre-fired.
[0113]FIG. 15 is a view showing one step in manufacturing piezoelectric vibrators according to the flowchart shown in FIG. 9, and is a view showing the condition where, after the state shown in FIG. 14, the holding hole is supplemented with a paste.
[0114]FIG. 16 is a view showing one step in manufacturing piezoelectric vibrators according to the flowchart shown in FIG. 9, and is a view showing the condition where, after the state shown in FIG. 15, the paste is finally fired.
[0115]FIG. 17 is a view showing one step in manufacturing piezoelectric vibrators according to the flowchart shown in FIG. 9, and is a view showing the condition where, after the state shown in FIG. 16, the two faces of the base substrate wafer are polished.
[0116]FIG. 18 is a view showing one step in manufacturing piezoelectric vibrators according to the flowchart shown in FIG. 9, and is a view showing the condition where, after the state shown in FIG. 17, the depression is removed and the through-electrode is in a flat condition relative to the surface of the base substrate wafer.
[0117]FIG. 19 is a view showing one step in manufacturing piezoelectric vibrators according to the flowchart shown in FIG. 9, and is a view showing the condition where, after the state shown in FIG. 18, a bonding film and a routing electrode are patterned on the upper face of the base substrate wafer.
[0118]FIG. 20 is an entire view of the base substrate wafer in the state shown in FIG. 19.
[0119]FIG. 21 is a view showing one step in manufacturing piezoelectric vibrators according to the flowchart shown in FIG. 9, and is a perspective exploded view of the wafer body in which the base substrate wafer and the lid substrate wafer are anodically-bonded and the piezoelectric vibration member is housed in the cavity.
[0120]FIG. 22 is a flowchart showing the flow in manufacturing the piezoelectric vibrator shown in FIG. 1, in the second embodiment of the invention.
[0121]FIG. 23 is a view showing one step in manufacturing piezoelectric vibrators according to the flowchart shown in FIG. 22, and is a view showing the condition where, after the state shown in FIG. 14, the two faces of the base substrate wafer are polished.
[0122]FIG. 24 is a view showing one step in manufacturing piezoelectric vibrators according to the flowchart shown in FIG. 22, and is a view showing the condition after the state shown in FIG. 23.
[0123]FIG. 25 is a view showing one step in manufacturing piezoelectric vibrators according to the flowchart shown in FIG. 22, and is a view showing the condition where, after the state shown in FIG. 24, the paste is finally fired.
[0124]FIG. 26 is a perspective exploded view showing the third embodiment of the piezoelectric vibrator of the invention.
[0125]FIG. 27 is an internal configuration view of the piezoelectric vibrator shown in FIG. 26, and is a top view of the piezoelectric vibrator from which the lid substrate was removed.
[0126]FIG. 28 is a cross-sectional view of the piezoelectric vibrator cut along the line A-A in FIG. 27.
[0127]FIG. 29 is a perspective exploded view of the piezoelectric vibrator shown in FIG. 26.
[0128]FIG. 30 is a top view of the piezoelectric vibration member constituting the piezoelectric vibrator shown in FIG. 26.
[0129]FIG. 31 is a bottom view of the piezoelectric vibration member shown in FIG. 30.
[0130]FIG. 32 is a cross-sectional outline view of B-B shown in FIG. 30.
[0131]FIG. 33 is an enlarged view of the through-electrode shown in FIG. 28, and is a view showing a paste containing plural metal fine particles.
[0132]FIG. 34 is a flowchart showing the flow in manufacturing the piezoelectric vibrator shown in FIG. 26.
[0133]FIG. 35 is a view showing one step in manufacturing piezoelectric vibrators according to the flowchart shown in FIG. 34, and is a view showing the condition where a plurality of recesses are formed in a lid substrate wafer which is an original to be a lid substrate.
[0134]FIG. 36 is a view showing one step in manufacturing piezoelectric vibrators according to the flowchart shown in FIG. 34, and is a view showing the condition where a plurality of holes are formed in a base substrate wafer which is an original to be a base substrate.
[0136]FIG. 38 is a view showing one step in manufacturing piezoelectric vibrators according to the flowchart shown in FIG. 34, and is a view showing the condition where, after the state shown in FIG. 37, a paste is filled in the hole.
[0137]FIG. 39 is a view showing one step in manufacturing piezoelectric vibrators according to the flowchart shown in FIG. 34, and is a view showing the condition where, after the state shown in FIG. 38, the paste is fired and hardened.
[0139]FIG. 41 is a view showing one step in manufacturing piezoelectric vibrators according to the flowchart shown in FIG. 34, and is a view showing the condition where, after the state shown in FIG. 40, the depression is removed and the through-electrode is in a flat condition relative to the surface of the base substrate wafer.
[0140]FIG. 42 is a view showing one step in manufacturing piezoelectric vibrators according to the flowchart shown in FIG. 34, and is a view showing the condition where, after the state shown in FIG. 41, a bonding film and a routing electrode are patterned on the upper face of the base substrate wafer.
[0142]FIG. 44 is a view showing one step in manufacturing piezoelectric vibrators according to the flowchart shown in FIG. 34, and is a perspective exploded view of the wafer body in which the base substrate wafer and the lid substrate wafer are anodically-bonded and the piezoelectric vibration member is housed in the cavity.
[0143]FIG. 45 is a perspective outline view showing the fourth embodiment of the piezoelectric vibrator of the invention.
[0153]FIG. 55 is a view showing one step in manufacturing piezoelectric vibrators according to the flowchart shown in FIG. 53, and is a view showing the condition where a pair of through-holes are formed in a base substrate wafer which is an original to be a base substrate.
[0155]FIG. 57 is a view showing one step in manufacturing piezoelectric vibrators according to the flowchart shown in FIG. 53, and is a view showing the condition where, after the state shown in FIG. 56, a paste is filled in the through-hole.
[0156]FIG. 58 is a view showing one step in manufacturing piezoelectric vibrators according to the flowchart shown in FIG. 53, and is a view showing the condition where, after the state shown in FIG. 57, the paste is fired and hardened to form a through-hole.
[0162]FIG. 64 is a configuration view showing one embodiment of the oscillator of the invention.
[0163]FIG. 65 is a constitutive view showing one embodiment of the electronic device of the invention.
[0164]FIG. 66 is a constitutive view showing one embodiment of the radio-controlled watch of the invention.
[0165]FIG. 67 is an enlarged view showing a modification of the paste in the invention.
[0166]FIG. 68A is a view showing a modification of the metal fine particle in the invention, which is formed to be a strip-like one.
[0167]FIG. 68B is a view showing a modification of the metal fine particle in the invention, which is formed to be a waved one.
[0168]FIG. 68c is a view showing a modification of the metal fine particle in the invention, which is formed to have a star-shaped cross section.
[0169]FIG. 68D is a view showing a modification of the metal fine particle in the invention, which is formed to have a crisscross section.
[0170]FIG. 69 is a cross-sectional view of a modification of the piezoelectric vibrator of the invention.
[0171]FIG. 70 is an internal configuration view of a conventional piezoelectric vibrator, and is a top view of the piezoelectric vibration member thereof from which the lid substrate was removed.
[0172]FIG. 71 is a cross-sectional view of the piezoelectric vibrator shown in FIG. 70.
First Embodiment
[0173]The first embodiment of the invention is described below with reference to FIG. 1 to FIG. 21.
[0174]The piezoelectric vibrator 1 of this embodiment is, as shown in FIG. 1 to FIG. 4, a surface-mount piezoelectric vibrator 1 that is formed to have a two-layer laminate boxy shape composed of a base substrate 2 and a lid substrate 3, in which a piezoelectric vibration member 4 is housed in the cavity C inside it.
[0175]In FIG. 4, an excitation electrode 15, routing electrodes 19 and 20, mount electrodes 16 and 17, and a weight metal film 21 to be mentioned below are omitted for facilitating the understating of the view.
[0176]As shown in FIG. 5 to FIG. 7, the piezoelectric vibration member 4 is a tuning fork-like vibration member formed of a piezoelectric material such as crystal, lithium tantalate, lithium niobate or the like, and this vibrates when a predetermined voltage is applied thereto.
[0177]The piezoelectric vibration member 4 has a pair of vibration arms 10 and 11 disposed in parallel to each other, a base 12 to integrally fix the base side of the pair of vibration arms 10 and 11, an excitation electrode 15 composed of a first excitation electrode 13 and a second excitation electrode 14 for vibrating the pair of the vibration arms 10 and 11, as formed on the outer surface of the pair of the vibration arms 10 and 11, and mount electrodes 16 and 17 electrically connected with the first excitation electrode 13 and the second excitation electrode 14.
[0178]The piezoelectric vibration member 4 in this embodiment comprises, on both the two main faces of the pair of vibration arms 10 and 11, a groove 18 formed along the longitudinal direction of the vibration arms 10 and 11. The groove 18 is formed from the base side to around the intermediate part of the vibration arms 10 and 11.
[0179]The excitation electrode 15 composed of the first excitation electrode 13 and the second excitation electrode 14 is an electrode to vibrate the pair of vibration arms 10 and 11 in the direction in which they come near to and get away from each other, at a predetermined resonance frequency, and this is patterned on the outer surface of the pair of vibration arms 10 and 11, as electrically insulated from each other. Concretely, as shown in FIG. 7, the first excitation electrode 13 is formed mainly on the groove 18 of one vibration arm 10 and on the two side faces of the other vibration arm 11; while the second excitation electrode 14 is formed mainly on the two side faces of one vibration arm 10 and on the groove 18 of the other vibration arm 11.
[0180]The first excitation electrode 13 and the second excitation electrode 14 are, as shown in FIG. 5 and FIG. 6, electrically connected to the mount electrodes 16 and 17 via the routing electrodes 19 and 20, respectively, on the two main faces of the base 12. The piezoelectric vibration member 4 is given a voltage via the mount electrodes 16 and 17.
[0181]The above-mentioned excitation electrode 15, mount electrodes 16 and 17 and routing electrodes 19 and 20 are, for example, formed of a coating film of an electroconductive film of chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), aluminum (Al), titanium (Ti) or the like.
[0182]The top of the pair of vibration arms 10 and 11 is coated with a weight metal film 21 for tuning the vibration condition of the arms themselves within a predetermined frequency range (frequency tuning). The weight metal film 21 is divided into two, a rough-tuning film 21a for use in roughly tuning the frequency and a fine-tuning film 21b for use in finely tuning it. With these rough-tuning film 21a and fine-tuning film 21b, the frequency is tuned, whereby the frequency of the pair of vibration arms 10 and 11 can be controlled to fall within a range of the nominal frequency of the device.
[0183]The thus-constituted piezoelectric vibration member 4 is, as shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4, bump-bonded to the upper face of the base substrate 2 with a bump B of gold or the like. More concretely, on the two bumps B formed on the routing electrodes 36 and 37, as patterned on the upper face of the base substrate 2, a pair of mount electrodes 16 and 17 are bump-bonded as kept in contact with each other. Accordingly, the piezoelectric vibration member 4 is supported as spaced above from the upper face of the base substrate 2, and the mount electrodes 16 and 17 are electrically connected to the routing electrodes 36 and 37, respectively.
[0184]The lid substrate 3 is a transparent insulating substrate formed of a glass material, for example, soda lime glass; and as shown in FIG. 1, FIG. 3 and FIG. 4, this is shaped to be tabular. On the bonding face side to which the base substrate 2 is bonded, formed is a rectangular recess 3a in which the piezoelectric vibration member 4 is housed. The recess 3a is a cavity recess 3a to be a cavity C to house the piezoelectric vibration member 4 therein when the two substrates 2 and 3 are overlaid. The lid substrate 3 is anodically bonded to the base substrate 2 with the recess 3a kept facing the side of the base substrate 2.
[0185]The base substrate 2 is, like the lid substrate 3, a transparent insulating substrate formed of a glass material, for example, soda lime glass; and as shown in FIG. 1 to FIG. 4, this is formed to be tabular and have a size capable of being overlaid on the lid substrate 3.
[0186]The base substrate 2 is formed to have a pair of through-holes 30 and 31 in and through the base substrate 2. In this case, the pair of through-holes 30 and 31 are so formed as to be housed inside the cavity C. More precisely, the through-holes 30 and 31 in this embodiment are so formed that one through-hole 30 is positioned on the side of the base 12 of the mounted piezoelectric vibration member 4 and the other through-hole 31 is positioned on the top side of the vibration arms 10 and 11. In this embodiment, a tapered through-hole of which the diameter of the cross section gradually decreases toward the lower face of the base substrate 2 is described as one example; but not limited to this case, the through-hole may also be a straight through-hole that runs straightly through the base substrate 2. Anyhow, the through-hole may be any one that runs through the base substrate 2.
[0187]In the pair of through-holes 30 and 31, provided are a pair of through-electrodes 32 and 33 that are so formed as to fill up the through-holes 30 and 31. These through-electrodes 32 and 33 are, as shown in FIG. 8, formed by hardening of the paste P containing plural metal fine particles P1; and these play a role of completely blocking up the through-holes 30 and 31 and keeping the airtightness inside the cavity C, and electrically connecting the external electrodes 38 and 39 with the routing electrodes 36 and 37 as described below.
[0188]The through-electrodes 32 and 33 secure the electroconductivity thereof as the plural metal fine particles P1 are kept in contact with each other in the paste P. The metal fine particles P1 in this embodiment are described with reference to a case where the particles are in the form of thin and long fibrous (non-spherical) particles of copper or the like.
[0189]On the upper face side of the base substrate 2 (the bonding face side thereof to which a lid substrate 3 is bonded), an anodic-bonding film 35 and a pair of routing electrodes 36 and 37 are patterned with an electroconductive material (for example, aluminum), as shown in FIG. 1 to FIG. 4. Of those, the bonding film 35 is formed along the peripheral edge of the base substrate 2 so as to surround the periphery of the recess 3a formed in the lid substrate 3.
[0190]The pair of routing electrodes 36 and 37 are so patterned as to electrically connect one through-hole 32 of the pair of through-holes 32 and 33, with one mount electrode 16 of the piezoelectric vibration member 4, and to electrically connect the other through-electrode 33 with the other mount electrode 17 of the piezoelectric vibration member 4. More precisely, one routing electrode 36 is formed just above one through-electrode 32 so as to be positioned just below the base 12 of the piezoelectric vibration member 4; and the other routing electrode 37 is so formed as to be positioned just above the other through-electrode 33 after drawn from the position adjacent to one routing electrode 36 to the top of the vibration arms 10 and 11 along the vibration arms 10 and 11.
[0191]A bump B is formed on the pair of routing electrodes 36 and 37, and via the bump B, the piezoelectric vibration member 4 is mounted. Accordingly, one mount electrode 16 of the piezoelectric vibration member 4 is electrically connected to one through-electrode 32 via one routing electrode 36, and the other mount electrode 17 is electrically connected to the other through-electrode 33 via the other routing electrode 37.
[0192]On the lower face of the base substrate 2, formed are external electrodes 38 and 39 to be electrically connected to the pair of through-electrodes 32 and 33, respectively, as shown in FIG. 1, FIG. 3 and FIG. 4. In other words, one external electrode 38 is electrically connected to the first excitation 13 of the piezoelectric vibration member 4 via one through-electrode 32 and one routing electrode 36. The other external electrode 39 is electrically connected to the second excitation electrode 14 of the piezoelectric vibration member 4 via the other through-electrode 33 and the other routing electrode 37.
[0193]To operate the thus-constituted piezoelectric vibrator 1, a predetermined driving voltage is applied to the external electrodes 38 and 39 formed on the base substrate 2. Accordingly, a current is applied to the excitation electrode 15 composed of the first excitation electrode 13 and the second excitation electrode 14 of the piezoelectric vibration member 4, whereby the pair of vibration arms 10 and 11 are vibrated at a predetermined frequency in the direction in which they come near to and get away from each other. Based on the vibration of the pair of vibration arms 10 and 11, the vibrator can be used as a time source, a timing source of control signals or the like, a reference signal source, etc.
[0194]Next described is a method for manufacturing a plurality of piezoelectric vibrators 1 mentioned above all at once, by utilizing the base substrate wafer 40 and the lid substrate wafer 50, with reference to the flowchart shown in FIG. 9.
[0195]First, a piezoelectric vibration member forming step is attained to form the piezoelectric vibration member 4 shown in FIG. 5 to FIG. 7 (S10). Concretely, first, a rough Lambertian quartz is sliced at a predetermined angle to give a wafer having a predetermined thickness. Subsequently, the wafer is roughly worked by lapping, then the work-affected layer is removed by etching, and thereafter this is mirror-finished by polishing or the like to give a wafer having a predetermined thickness. Subsequently, the wafer is suitably processed by washing or the like, and then the wafer is patterned into an external shape of the piezoelectric vibration member 4 through photolithography, and a metal film is formed and patterned to thereby form the excitation electrode 15, the routing electrodes 19 and 20, the mount electrodes 16 and 17, and the weight metal film 21. Accordingly, a plurality of piezoelectric vibration members 4 are formed.
[0196]After the piezoelectric vibration members 4 are formed, they are processed for rough-tuning of resonance frequency. This is attained by irradiating the rough-tuning film 21a of the weight metal film 21 with a laser light to partly evaporate it, thereby changing the weight thereof. Regarding the fine tuning for resonance frequency, the members are processed after mounting. This is described later.
[0197]Next, a first wafer forming step is attained for forming a lid substrate wafer 50 to be the lid substrate 3 later up to the state just before anodic bonding (S20). First, soda lime glass is polished to have a predetermined thickness and washed, and then, as shown in FIG. 10, the work-affected layer of the outermost surface is removed by etching or the like to give a disc-like lid substrate wafer 50 (S21). Next, a recess forming step is attained for forming a plurality of cavity recesses 3a in the line direction by etching or the like in the bonding face of the lid substrate wafer 50 (S22). At this stage, the first wafer forming step is finished.
[0198]Next, at the same time or in a timing of before or after the above step, a second wafer forming step is attained for forming a base substrate wafer 40 to be the base substrate 2 later up to the state just before anodic bonding (S30). First, soda lime glass is polished to have a predetermined thickness and washed, and then, the work-affected layer of the outermost surface is removed by etching or the like to give a disc-like base substrate wafer 40 (S31). Next, a through-electrode forming step is attained for forming a plurality of pairs of through-electrodes 32 and 33 in the base substrate wafer 40, using a paste P containing plural metal fine particles P1 (S30A). Here, the through-electrode forming step is described in detail.
[0199]First, as shown in FIG. 11, for holding the paste P, a holding hole forming step (S32) is attained for forming a plurality of pairs of bottomed holding holes 30a and 31a in the upper face of the base substrate wafer 40. The dotted line M shown in FIG. 11 means a section line for cutting in the subsequent cutting step. In this step, the upper face of the base substrate wafer 40 is processed, for example, according to a sand-blasting method. Accordingly, as shown in FIG. 12, tapered bottomed holding holes 30a and 31a are formed, which are bottomed on the lower face side and of which the hole diameter of the cross section gradually decreases toward the lower face of the base substrate wafer 40. A plurality of pairs of holding holes 30a and 31a are so formed as to be housed in the recesses 3a formed in the lid substrate wafer 50, when the two wafers 40 and 50 are overlaid later. Further, they are so positioned that one holding hole 30a can be positioned on the side of the base 12 of the piezoelectric vibration member 4 and the other holding hole 31a can be on the top side of the vibration arms 10 and 11.
[0200]In this embodiment, an illustrative case is referred to, in which the hole diameter of the tapered holding holes decreases toward the lower face of the base substrate wafer 40; however, not limited to this case, the holding holes may have a uniform hole diameter. Anyhow, the bottomed holding holes may be any ones having a bottom on the lower face side of the base substrate wafer 40.
[0201]Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 13, a filling step is attained for implanting a paste into these plural holding holes 30a and 31a with no space left therein to block up the holding holes 30a and 31a (S33). In this stage, since the holding holes 30a and 31a are bottomed, the operation of implanting the paste P into them is easy, and the process can be simplified. In addition, there is no risk of wasting the paste P. Subsequently, a firing step is attained for pre-firing, then finally firing and hardening the filled paste P. Concretely, first, the implanted paste P is pre-fired (S34). The heating condition for pre-firing is, for example, preferably at 80° C. and for around 30 minutes.
[0202]Regarding the paste P hardened by the pre-firing, most organic matter in the paste P (not shown) evaporates away during the pre-firing, and therefore, the volume of the hardened paste decreases as compared with the volume thereof in the filling step as shown in FIG. 14. Accordingly, the surface of the paste P inevitably has depressions. Therefore, prior to final firing, the pre-fired paste P is supplemented with a fresh paste P in an amount corresponding to the paste amount decreased by the pre-firing (S35). As a result, the fresh paste P is filled in the depressions, and therefore the surface becomes flat as in FIG. 15.
[0203]After the supplementation with the paste P is finished, the entire paste P is again pre-fired for the purpose of preventing the inorganic matter in the supplemented paste P from rapidly evaporating away during the final firing (S36). After the pre-firing, the entire paste P is finally fired (S37). The heating temperature in the final firing is, for example, preferably from 400° C. to 500° C. or so. Accordingly, the pre-fired paste P and the newly added paste P are completely hardened to be in an integrated state, and in a state firmly sticking to the inner face of the holding holes 30a and 31a. After the pre-firing and the final firing of the paste P, the firing step is finished.
[0204]Of the finally fired paste P, the paste P implanted in the filling step loses most organic matter that evaporates away in the initial pre-firing, and therefore its volume decreases little in the subsequent pre-firing and final firing after the supplementation with the paste P. On the other hand, the volume of the fresh paste P added through supplementation after the first pre-firing decreases by the pre-firing and the final firing after the supplementation with the paste P; however, the amount of the paste P itself is extremely small as compared with the entire volume of the paste P in the holding holes 30a and 31a. Accordingly, the influence of the volume reduction in the pre-firing and the final firing of the additional paste P on the volume of the entire paste P is small to an ignorable degree. Therefore, even through the reduction in the volume of the newly-added paste P is taken into consideration, the surface of the paste P hardened by the final firing is not greatly depressed. Specifically, on the upper face of the base substrate wafer 40, the surface of the base substrate wafer 40 can be substantially in a flat condition relative to the surface of the hardened paste P, as in FIG. 16.
[0205]After the firing step, a polishing step is attained for polishing the two faces of the base substrate wafer 40 by a predetermined thickness. More concretely, as shown in FIG. 17, an upper face polishing step is attained for polishing the upper face of the base substrate wafer 40 by a predetermined thickness (S38). In this step, on the upper face of the base substrate wafer 40, the paste P hardened by the final firing can also be polished simultaneously. Accordingly, the peripheries of any slight depressions of the paste P can be cut off. In other words, the surface of the hardened paste P can be planarized more as shown in FIG. 18. Accordingly, the surface of the base substrate wafer 40 and the surface of the hardened paste P can be in a flatter condition.
[0206]At the same time or in a timing of before or after the upper face polishing step, as shown in FIG. 17, a lower face polishing step is attained for polishing the lower face of the base substrate wafer 40 until it reaches the bottom of the holding holes 30a and 31a (S39). Accordingly, as shown in FIG. 18, the paste P hardened in the holding holes 30a and 31a is exposed out through the lower face. As a result of the lower face polishing step, the pair of holding holds 30a and 31a formed in the base substrate wafer 40 become, after this, through-holes 30 and 31 running through the base substrate wafer 40, and the hardened paste P becomes a pair of through-electrodes 32 and 33. In addition, on the lower face of the base substrate wafer 40, the surface of the base substrate wafer 40 can be substantially in a flat condition relative to the surface of the hardened paste P. After the upper face polishing step and the lower face polishing step, the polishing step is finished. After the polishing step, the through-electrode forming step is finished.
[0207]Next, a bonding film forming step is attained for forming a bonding film 35 by patterning an electroconductive material on the upper face of the base substrate wafer 40, as shown in FIG. 19 and FIG. 20 (S40); and at the same time, a routing electrode forming step is attained for forming a plurality of routing electrodes 36 and 37 connected electrically with the pair of through-electrodes 32 and 33 (S41). The dotted line M shown in FIG. 19 and FIG. 20 means a section line for cutting in the subsequent cutting step.
[0208]In particular, as so mentioned in the above, the through-electrodes 32 and 33 are substantially in a flat condition relative to the upper face of the base substrate wafer 40. Accordingly, the routing electrodes 36 and 37 as patterned on the upper face of the base substrate wafer 40 are kept in airtight contact with the through-electrodes 32 and 33 with no space therebetween. This secures the electric connection between one routing electrode 36 and one through-electrode 32 and the electric connection between the other routing electrode 37 and the other through-electrode 33. At this time, the second wafer forming step is finished.
[0209]In FIG. 9, the bonding film forming step (S40) is followed by the routing electrode forming step (S41) as the process sequence; however, in an opposite manner, the routing electrode forming step (S41) may be followed by the bonding film forming step (S40), or the two steps may be attained at the same time. In any process sequence, the same advantage and effect can be exhibited. Accordingly, the process sequence may be optionally changed or modified in any desired order.
[0210]Next, a mounting step is attained for bonding the formed, plural piezoelectric vibration members 4 onto the upper face of the base substrate wafer 40 via the routing electrodes 36 and 37 (S50). First, a bump B of gold or the like is formed on the pair of routing electrodes 36 and 37. After the base 12 of the piezoelectric vibration member 4 is put on the bump B, the piezoelectric vibration member 4 is pressed against the bump B while the bump B is heated at a predetermined temperature. Accordingly, the piezoelectric vibration member 4 is mechanically supported by the bump B, and the mount electrodes 16 and 17 are electrically connected with the routing electrodes 36 and 37. Therefore, at this time, the pair of excitation electrodes 15 of the piezoelectric vibration member 4 are electrically connected to the pair of through-electrodes 32 and 33, respectively.
[0211]In particular, the piezoelectric vibration member 4 is bump-bonded, and therefore it is supported as spaced above from the upper face of the base substrate wafer 40.
[0212]After the mounting of the piezoelectric vibration member 4 is finished, an overlaying step is attained for overlaying the base substrate wafer 40 and the lid substrate wafer 50 (S60). Concretely, the two wafers 40 and 50 are aligned in a correct position based on a reference mark or the like (not shown) as an index. Accordingly, the mounted piezoelectric vibration member 4 is kept housed in the cavity C surrounded by the recess 3a formed in the base substrate wafer 40 and the two wafers 40 and 50.
[0213]After the overlaying step, a bonding step is attained for anodically bonding the overlaid two wafers 40 and 50 by putting them in an anodic bonding apparatus (not shown) and applying a predetermined voltage thereto in a predetermined temperature atmosphere (S70). Concretely, a predetermined voltage is applied between the bonding film 35 and the lid substrate wafer 50. With that, there occurs electrochemical reaction in the interface between the bonding film 35 and the lid substrate wafer 50, whereby the two firmly stick to each other to attain anodic bonding therebetween. Accordingly, the piezoelectric vibration member 4 can be sealed up in the cavity C, and a wafer body 60 as shown in FIG. 21 can be obtained in which the base substrate wafer 40 and the lid substrate wafer 50 are bonded to each other. FIG. 21 illustrates an exploded state of the wafer body 60 for facilitating the understating of the view, in which the illustrative constitution of from the base substrate wafer 40 to the bonding film 35 is omitted. The dotted line M shown in FIG. 21 means a section line for cutting in the subsequent cutting step.
[0214]In anodic bonding, the through-holes 30 and 31 formed in the base substrate wafer 40 are completely blocked up by the through-electrodes 32 and 33, and therefore, the airtightness inside the cavity C is not broken by the through-holes 30 and 31. In particular, the paste P to constitute the through-electrodes 32 and 33 firmly sticks to the inner face of the through-holes 30 and 31, and therefore the airtightness inside the cavity C can be surely secured.
[0215]After the above-mentioned anodic bonding is finished, an external electrode forming step is attained for forming a plurality of pairs of external electrodes 38 and 39 electrically connected to the pairs of through-electrodes 32 and 33, respectively, by patterning an electroconductive material on the lower face of the base substrate wafer 40 (S80). As a result of this step, the piezoelectric vibration member 4 sealed up in the cavity C can be operated by utilizing the external electrodes 38 and 39.
[0216]In particular, also in attaining this step, the through-electrodes 32 and 33 are kept substantially in a flat condition relative to the lower face of the base substrate wafer 40, like in the case of forming the routing electrodes 36 and 37, and therefore the patterned external electrodes 38 and 39 can be kept in airtight contact with the through-electrodes 32 and 33 with no space therebetween. Accordingly, the electric connection between the external electrodes 38 and 39 with the through-electrodes 32 and 33 is secured.
[0217]Next, a fine-tuning step is attained for finely tuning the frequency of the individual piezoelectric vibrators 1 sealed up in the cavities C in the state of the wafer body 60 to make it fall within a predetermined range (S90). Concretely, a voltage is applied to the pair of external electrodes 38 and 39 formed on the lower face of the base substrate wafer 40 to thereby vibrate the piezoelectric vibration member 4. Then, with monitoring the frequency, this is irradiated with a laser light from the outside through the lid substrate wafer 50, to thereby evaporate the fine-tuning film 21b of the weight metal film 21. As a result, the weight of the top side of the pair of vibration arms 10 and 11 changes, and therefore the frequency of the piezoelectric vibration member 4 can be finely tuned so as to fall within a predetermined range of a nominal frequency.
[0218]After the fine-tuning of frequency is finished, a cutting step is attained for cutting the bonded wafer body 60 to thereby shred it into the individual pieces along the section line M shown in FIG. 21 (S100). As a result, a plurality of two-layer structure-type, surface-mount piezoelectric vibrators 1 as in FIG. 1 can be produced all at once, in which the piezoelectric vibration member 4 is sealed up in the cavity C formed between the base substrate 2 and the lid substrate 3 anodically bonded to each other.
[0219]The process sequence may be in an order of the cutting step (S100) of shredding into the individual piezoelectric vibrators 1 followed by the fine-tuning step (S90). However, as so mentioned in the above, in case where the fine-tuning step (S90) is attained previously, then the tuning can be effected in the state of the wafer body 60 and therefore a plurality of piezoelectric vibrators 1 can be finely tuned more efficiently. Accordingly, it is favorable as increasing the throughput.
[0220]After this, the internal electric characteristics are inspected (S110). Specifically, the piezoelectric vibration member 4 is checked for the resonance frequency, the resonance resistance, the drive level characteristic (excitation power dependence of the resonance frequency and the resonance resistance), etc. In addition, it is checked also for the insulation resistance characteristic, etc. Finally, the piezoelectric vibrator 1 is checked for the appearance thereof in point of the dimension and the quality, etc. With that, the manufacture of the piezoelectric vibrator 1 is finished.
[0221]In particular, in the piezoelectric vibrator 1 of this embodiment, the through-electrodes 32 and 33 can be formed substantially in a flat condition relative to the base substrate 2, and therefore the through-electrodes 32 and 33 can be surely kept in airtight contact with the routing electrodes 36 and 37 and the external electrodes 38 and 39. As a result, stable electric connection between the piezoelectric vibration member 4 with the external electrodes 38 and 39 can be secured, and the operation performance reliability of the piezoelectric vibrator can be enhanced and the quality thereof can be increased. Further, the airtightness inside the cavity C can be secured, and in this point, the quality of the device can be increased. In addition, since the through-holes 32 and 33 can be formed according to a simple method of using the paste P, the working process can be simplified.
[0222]According to the manufacturing method of this embodiment, a plurality of the above-mentioned piezoelectric vibrators 1 can be manufactured all at once, and therefore the manufacturing cost can be reduced.
[0223]Further, in the polishing step, especially in the lower face polishing step, the amount to be polished may be determined based on the thickness of the base substrate wafer 40 and the depth of the holding holes 30a and 31a, not depending on the volume of the paste P that decreases in firing. In other words, the polishing may be attained until it reaches the bottom of the holding holes 30a and 31a. Accordingly, the polishing does not require the confirmation of the condition of the paste P before polishing, and in the step, the predetermined amount may be polished. Accordingly, under-polishing or over-polishing may be prevented.
[0224]After pre-firing, the paste P is added and the final firing is attained, and therefore, the surface depression of the paste P can be reduced. Accordingly, in the polishing step, especially in the upper face polishing step, the amount to be abraded of the base substrate wafer 40 is extremely small. Therefore, the time necessary for the polishing step may be shortened, and the efficiency in the production process of the piezoelectric vibrator 1 can be enhanced.
[0225]In addition, the polishing step is attained after the final firing, the surface of the base substrate wafer 40 that is substantially in a flat condition relative to the surface of the hardened paste P is further polished. Accordingly, the surface of the base substrate wafer 40 and the surface of the hardened paste P can be in a flatter condition to each other.
Second Embodiment
[0226]The second embodiment of the invention is described below with reference to FIG. 22 to FIG. 25. In the second embodiment, the same constitutive elements as those in the first embodiment are given the same reference numerals or signs, and their description is omitted.
[0227]The second embodiment differs from the first embodiment in the process sequence of the through-hole forming step in the manufacturing method. Specifically, in the first embodiment, the paste P implanted in the filling step is pre-fired, then immediately a fresh paste P is added and again pre-fired, and thereafter this is finally fired, and then the polishing step is attained; however, in the second embodiment, the paste P implanted in the filling step is pre-fired and then immediately the polishing step is attained, and thereafter this is finally fired. Hereinafter with reference to the flow chart of the manufacturing method of the second embodiment of the invention shown in FIG. 22, the through-hole forming step (S30B) in this embodiment is described.
[0228]For the through-hole forming step in this embodiment, the process up to the pre-firing of the paste P implanted in the filling step is the same as in the first embodiment.
[0229]After the paste P implanted in the filling step is pre-fired, the surface of the paste P may have depressions. Therefore, immediately after the pre-firing, a polishing step is attained for polishing the two faces of the base substrate wafer 40 by a predetermined thickness. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 23, an upper face polishing step of polishing the upper face of the base substrate wafer 40 by a predetermined thickness, and a lower face polishing step of polishing the lower face of the base substrate wafer 40 to reach the bottom of the holding holes 30a and 31a are attained. Accordingly, as shown in FIG. 24, the holding holes 30a and 31a become through-holes 30 and 31. In addition, since the peripheries around the depressions of the paste P can be cut off, the surface of the base substrate wafer 40 and the surface of the pre-fired paste P can be substantially in a flat condition to each other.
[0230]The reduction in the volume of the paste P in the pre-firing is small as compared with that in a case of one final firing with no pre-firing. Accordingly, the surface depressions of the paste P formed by the pre-firing are smaller than those to be formed in a case where the same amount of the paste P is finally fired once with no pre-firing. Therefore, by attaining the polishing step immediately after the pre-firing of the paste P, the amount to be abraded may be reduced, and in particular, the time necessary for polishing the upper face can be shortened.
[0231]After the upper face polishing step and the lower face polishing step, the polishing step is finished.
[0232]After the polishing step, the paste P is finally fired and is thereby hardened. Accordingly, the paste P firmly sticks to the inner face of the through-holes 30 and 31, and the paste P functions as the through-electrodes 32 and 33. In addition, since most organic matter in the paste P has already evaporated away in the pre-firing, the volume reduction in the final firing is extremely small. Accordingly, the surface of the base substrate wafer 40 and the surface of the hardened paste P keep a substantially flat condition to each other like that before the final firing. After the final firing, the through-electrode forming step is finished.
[0233]The manufacturing method of this embodiment exhibits the same effect and advantage as in the first embodiment, and in addition, since the upper polishing step is attained just after the pre-firing of the paste P implanted in the filling step, the time necessary for the polishing step may be shortened as compared with a case where the polishing step is attained immediately after direct one final firing with no pre-firing.
Third Embodiment
[0234]The third embodiment of the invention is described below with reference to FIG. 26 to FIG. 44.
[0235]The piezoelectric vibrator 101 of this embodiment is, as shown in FIG. 26 to FIG. 29, a surface-mount piezoelectric vibrator 101 that is formed to have a two-layer laminate boxy shape composed of a base substrate 102 and a lid substrate 103, in which a piezoelectric vibration member 104 is housed in the cavity C inside it.
[0236]In FIG. 29, an excitation electrode 115, routing electrodes 119 and 120, mount electrodes 116 and 117, and a weight metal film 121 to be mentioned below are omitted for facilitating the understating of the view.
[0237]As shown in FIG. 30 to FIG. 32, the piezoelectric vibration member 104 is a tuning fork-like vibration member formed of a piezoelectric material such as crystal, lithium tantalate, lithium niobate or the like, and this vibrates when a predetermined voltage is applied thereto.
[0238]The piezoelectric vibration member 104 has a pair of vibration arms 110 and 111 disposed in parallel to each other, a base 112 to integrally fix the base side of the pair of vibration arms 110 and 111, an excitation electrode 115 composed of a first excitation electrode 113 and a second excitation electrode 114 for vibrating the pair of the vibration arms 110 and 111, as formed on the outer surface of the pair of the vibration arms 110 and 111, and mount electrodes 116 and 117 electrically connected with the first excitation electrode 113 and the second excitation electrode 114.
[0239]The piezoelectric vibration member 104 in this embodiment comprises, on both the two main faces of the pair of vibration arms 110 and 111, a groove 118 formed along the longitudinal direction of the vibration arms 110 and 111. The groove 118 is formed from the base side to around the intermediate part of the vibration arms 110 and 111.
[0240]The excitation electrode 115 composed of the first excitation electrode 113 and the second excitation electrode 114 is an electrode to vibrate the pair of vibration arms 110 and 111 in the direction in which they come near to and get away from each other, at a predetermined resonance frequency, and this is patterned on the outer surface of the pair of vibration arms 110 and 111, as electrically insulated from each other. Concretely, as shown in FIG. 32, the first excitation electrode 113 is formed mainly on the groove 118 of one vibration arm 110 and on the two side faces of the other vibration arm 111; while the second excitation electrode 114 is formed mainly on the two side faces of one vibration arm 110 and on the groove 118 of the other vibration arm 111.
[0241]The first excitation electrode 113 and the second excitation electrode 114 are electrically connected to the mount electrodes 116 and 117 via the routing electrodes 119 and 120, respectively, on the two main faces of the base 112, as shown in FIG. 30 and FIG. 31. The piezoelectric vibration member 104 is given a voltage via the mount electrodes 116 and 117.
[0242]The above-mentioned excitation electrode 115, mount electrodes 116 and 117 and routing electrodes 119 and 120 are, for example, formed of a coating film of an electroconductive film of chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), aluminum (Al), titanium (Ti) or the like.
[0243]The top of the pair of vibration arms 110 and 111 is coated with a weight metal film 121 for tuning the vibration condition of the arms themselves within a predetermined frequency range (frequency tuning). The weight metal film 121 is divided into two, a rough-tuning film 121a for use in roughly tuning the frequency and a fine-tuning film 121b for use in finely tuning it. With these rough-tuning film 121a and fine-tuning film 121b, the frequency is tuned, whereby the frequency of the pair of vibration arms 110 and 111 can be controlled to fall within a range of the nominal frequency of the device.
[0244]The thus-constituted piezoelectric vibration member 104 is, as shown in FIG. 27 and FIG. 29, bump-bonded to the upper face of the base substrate 102 with a bump B of gold or the like. More concretely, on the two bumps B formed on the routing electrodes 136 and 137, as patterned on the upper face of the base substrate 102, a pair of mount electrodes 116 and 117 are bump-bonded as kept in contact with each other. Accordingly, the piezoelectric vibration member 104 is supported as spaced above from the upper face of the base substrate 102, and the mount electrodes 116 and 117 are electrically connected to the routing electrodes 136 and 137, respectively.
[0245]The lid substrate 103 is a transparent insulating substrate formed of a glass material, for example, soda lime glass; and as shown in FIG. 26, FIG. 28 and FIG. 29, this is shaped to be tabular. On the bonding face side to which the base substrate 102 is bonded, formed is a rectangular recess 103a in which the piezoelectric vibration member 104 is housed. The recess 103a is a cavity recess to be a cavity C to house the piezoelectric vibration member 104 therein when the two substrates 102 and 103 are overlaid. The lid substrate 103 is anodically bonded to the base substrate 102 with the recess 103a kept facing the side of the base substrate 102.
[0246]The base substrate 102 is, like the lid substrate 103, a transparent insulating substrate formed of a glass substrate, for example, soda lime glass; and as shown in FIG. 26 to FIG. 29, this is formed to be tabular and have a size capable of being overlaid on the lid substrate 103.
[0247]The base substrate 102 is formed to have a pair of through-holes 130 and 131 in and through the base substrate 102. In this case, the pair of through-holes 130 and 131 are so formed as to be housed inside the cavity C. More precisely, the through-holes 130 and 131 in this embodiment are so formed that one through-hole 130 is positioned on the side of the base 112 of the mounted piezoelectric vibration member 104 and the other through-hole 131 is positioned on the top side of the vibration arms 110 and 111.
[0248]In this embodiment, a tapered through-hole of which the diameter of the cross section gradually decreases toward the lower face of the base substrate 102 is described as one example; but not limited to this case, the through-hole may also be a straight through-hole that runs straightly through the base substrate 102. Anyhow, the through-hole may be any one that runs through the base substrate 102.
[0249]In the pair of through-holes 130 and 131, formed are a pair of through-electrodes 132 and 133 that fill up the through-holes 130 and 131. These through-electrodes 132 and 133 are, as shown in FIG. 33, formed by hardening of the paste P containing plural metal fine particles P1, and play a role of completely blocking up the through-holes 130 and 131 and keeping the airtightness inside the cavity C, and electrically connecting the external electrodes 138 and 139 with the routing electrodes 136 and 137 as described below.
[0250]The through-electrodes 132 and 133 secure the electroconductivity thereof as the plural metal fine particles P1 in the paste P are kept in contact with each other. The metal fine particles P1 in this embodiment are described with reference to a case where the particles are in the form of thin and long fibrous (non-spherical) particles of copper or the like.
[0251]On the upper face side of the base substrate 102 (the bonding face side thereof to which a lid substrate 103 is bonded), an anodic-bonding film 135 and a pair of routing electrodes 136 and 137 are patterned with an electroconductive material (for example, aluminum), as shown in FIG. 26 to FIG. 29. Of those, the bonding film 135 is formed along the peripheral edge of the base substrate 102 so as to surround the periphery of the recess 103a formed in the lid substrate 103.
[0252]The pair of routing electrodes 136 and 137 are so patterned as to electrically connect one through-hole 132 of the pair of through-holes 132 and 133, with one mount electrode 116 of the piezoelectric vibration member 104, and to electrically connect the other through-electrode 133 with the other mount electrode 117 of the piezoelectric vibration member 104. More precisely, one routing electrode 136 is formed just above one through-electrode 132 so as to be positioned just below the base 112 of the piezoelectric vibration member 104; and the other routing electrode 137 is so formed as to be positioned just above the other through-electrode 133 after drawn from the position adjacent to one routing electrode 136 to the top of the vibration arms 110 and 111 along the vibration arms 110 and 111.
[0253]A bump B is formed on the pair of routing electrodes 136 and 137, and via the bump B, the piezoelectric vibration member 104 is mounted. Accordingly, one mount electrode 116 of the piezoelectric vibration member 104 is electrically connected to one through-electrode 132 via one routing electrode 136, and the other mount electrode 117 is electrically connected to the other through-electrode 133 via the other routing electrode 137.
[0254]On the lower face of the base substrate 102, formed are external electrodes 138 and 139 to be electrically connected to the pair of through-electrodes 132 and 133, respectively, as shown in FIG. 26, FIG. 28 and FIG. 29. In other words, one external electrode 138 is electrically connected to the first excitation 113 of the piezoelectric vibration member 104 via one through-electrode 132 and one routing electrode 136. The other external electrode 139 is electrically connected to the second excitation electrode 114 of the piezoelectric vibration member 104 via the other through-electrode 133 and the other routing electrode 137.
[0255]To operate the thus-constituted piezoelectric vibrator 101, a predetermined driving voltage is applied to the external electrodes 138 and 139 formed on the base substrate 102. Accordingly, a current is applied to the excitation electrode 115 composed of the first excitation electrode 113 and the second excitation electrode 114 of the piezoelectric vibration member 104, whereby the pair of vibration arms 110 and 111 are vibrated at a predetermined frequency in the direction in which they come near to and get away from each other. Based on the vibration of the pair of vibration arms 110 and 111, the vibrator can be used as a time source, a timing source of control signals or the like, a reference signal source, etc.
[0256]Next described is a method for manufacturing a plurality of piezoelectric vibrators 101 mentioned above all at once, by utilizing the base substrate wafer 140 and the lid substrate wafer 150, with reference to the flowchart shown in FIG. 34.
[0257]First, a piezoelectric vibration member forming step is attained to form the piezoelectric vibration member 104 shown in FIG. 30 to FIG. 32 (S110). Concretely, first, a rough Lambertian quartz is sliced at a predetermined angle to give a wafer having a predetermined thickness. Subsequently, the wafer is roughly worked by lapping, then the work-affected layer is removed by etching, and thereafter this is mirror-finished by polishing or the like to give a wafer having a predetermined thickness. Subsequently, the wafer is suitably processed by washing or the like, and then the wafer is patterned into an external shape of the piezoelectric vibration member 104 through photolithography, and a metal film is formed and patterned to thereby form the excitation electrode 115, the routing electrodes 119 and 120, the mount electrodes 116 and 117, and the weight metal film 121. Accordingly, a plurality of piezoelectric vibration members 104 are formed.
[0258]After the piezoelectric vibration members 104 are formed, they are processed for rough-tuning of resonance frequency. This is attained by irradiating the rough-tuning film 121a of the weight metal film 121 with a laser light to partly evaporate it, thereby changing the weight thereof. Regarding the fine tuning for resonance frequency, the members are processed after mounting. This is described later.
[0259]Next, a first wafer forming step is attained for forming a lid substrate wafer 150 to be the lid substrate 103 later up to the state just before anodic bonding (S120). First, soda lime glass is polished to have a predetermined thickness and washed, and then, as shown in FIG. 35, the work-affected layer of the outermost surface is removed by etching or the like to give a disc-like lid substrate wafer 150 (S121). Next, a recess forming step is attained for forming a plurality of cavity recesses 103a in the line direction by etching or the like in the bonding face of the lid substrate wafer 150 (S122). At this stage, the first wafer forming step is finished.
[0260]Next, at the same time or in a timing of before or after the above step, a second wafer forming step is attained for forming a base substrate wafer 140 to be the base substrate 102 later up to the state just before anodic bonding (S130). First, soda lime glass is polished to have a predetermined thickness and washed, and then, the work-affected layer of the outermost surface is removed by etching or the like to give a disc-like base substrate wafer 140 (S131). Next, a through-electrode forming step is attained for forming a plurality of pairs of through-electrodes 132 and 133 in the base substrate wafer 140, using a paste P containing plural metal fine particles P1 (S130A). Here, the through-electrode forming step is described in detail.
[0261]First, as shown in FIG. 36, a hole forming step (S132) is attained for forming a plurality of pairs of holes 130a and 131a in the upper face of the base substrate wafer 140. The dotted line M shown in FIG. 36 means a section line for cutting in the subsequent cutting step. In this step, the upper face of the base substrate wafer 140 is processed, for example, according to a sand-blasting method. Accordingly, as shown in FIG. 37, tapered holes 130a and 131a are formed, which are bottomed on the lower face side and of which the hole diameter of the cross section gradually decreases toward the lower face of the base substrate wafer 140. A plurality of pairs of holes 130a and 131a are so formed as to be housed in the recesses 103a formed in the lid substrate wafer 150, when the two wafers 140 and 150 are overlaid later. Further, they are so positioned that one hole 130a can be positioned on the side of the base 112 of the piezoelectric vibration member 104 and the other hole 131a can be on the top side of the vibration arms 110 and 111.
[0262]In this embodiment, an illustrative case is referred to, in which the hole diameter of the tapered holes decreases toward the lower face of the base substrate wafer 140; however, not limited to this case, the holes may have a uniform hole diameter. Anyhow, the bottomed holes may be any ones having a bottom on the lower face side of the base substrate wafer 140.
[0263]Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 38, a filling step is attained for implanting a paste P into these plural holes 130a and 131a with no space left therein to block up the holes 130a and 131a (S133). In FIG. 38 to FIG. 41, the metal fine particles P1 are not shown.
[0264]Subsequently, a firing step is attained for firing and hardening the filled paste P at a predetermined temperature (S134). Accordingly, the paste P is kept firmly fixing to the inner face of the holes 130a and 131a. Regarding the hardened paste P, the organic matter in the paste P (not shown) evaporates away during the firing, and therefore, the volume of the hardened paste decreases as compared with the volume thereof in the filling step as shown in FIG. 39. Accordingly, the surface of the paste P inevitably has depressions.
[0265]Therefore, after the firing, an upper face polishing step (S135) for polishing the upper face of the base substrate wafer 140 by a predetermined thickness is attained, as shown in FIG. 40. As a result of the step, on the upper face of the base substrate wafer 140, the paste P hardened by firing can also be polished simultaneously, and therefore the peripheries of the depressions can be cut off. In other words, the surface of the hardened paste P can be planarized. Accordingly, on the upper face of the base substrate wafer 140, the surface of the base substrate wafer 140 and the surface of the hardened paste P can be substantially in a flat condition, as shown in FIG. 41.
[0266]At the same time or in a timing of before or after the upper face polishing step, as shown in FIG. 40, a lower face polishing step is attained for polishing the lower face of the base substrate wafer 140 until the holes 130a and 131a run through the wafer and the hardened paste P is at least exposed out (S136). In the lower face polishing step in this embodiment, the polishing is attained until it reaches the bottom of the holes 130a and 131a. Accordingly, as shown in FIG. 41, the paste P hardened in the holes 130a and 131a is exposed out through the lower face. As a result of the lower face polishing step, the pair of holds 130a and 131a formed in the base substrate wafer 140 become, after this, through-holes 130 and 131 running through the base substrate wafer 140, and the hardened paste P becomes a pair of through-electrodes 132 and 133. In addition, on the lower face of the base substrate wafer 140, the surface of the base substrate wafer 140 can be substantially in a flat condition relative to the surface of the hardened paste P, like in the above-mentioned upper face polishing step.
[0267]After the upper face polishing step and the lower face polishing step, the through-electrode forming step is finished.
[0268]Next, a bonding film forming step is attained for forming a bonding film 135 by patterning an electroconductive material on the upper face of the base substrate wafer 140, as shown in FIG. 42 and FIG. 43 (S137); and at the same time, a routing electrode forming step is attained for forming a plurality of routing electrodes 136 and 137 connected electrically with the pair of through-electrodes 132 and 133 (S138). The dotted line M shown in FIG. 42 and FIG. 43 means a section line for cutting in the subsequent cutting step.
[0269]In particular, as so mentioned in the above, the through-electrodes 132 and 133 have no surface depressions and are substantially in a flat condition relative to the upper face of the base substrate wafer 140. Accordingly, the routing electrodes 136 and 137 as patterned on the upper face of the base substrate wafer 140 are kept in airtight contact with the through-electrodes 132 and 133 with no space therebetween. This secures the electric connection between one routing electrode 136 and one through-electrode 132 and the electric connection between the other routing electrode 137 and the other through-electrode 133. At this time, the second wafer forming step is finished.
[0270]In FIG. 34, the bonding film forming step (S137) is followed by the routing electrode forming step (S138) as the process sequence; however, in an opposite manner, the routing electrode forming step (S138) may be followed by the bonding film forming step (S137), or the two steps may be attained at the same time. In any process sequence, the same advantage and effect can be exhibited. Accordingly, the process sequence may be optionally changed or modified in any desired order.
[0271]Next, a mounting step is attained for bonding the formed, plural piezoelectric vibration members 104 onto the upper face of the base substrate wafer 140 via the routing electrodes 136 and 137 (S140). First, a bump B of gold or the like is formed on the pair of routing electrodes 136 and 137. After the base 112 of the piezoelectric vibration member 104 is put on the bump B, the piezoelectric vibration member 104 is pressed against the bump B while the bump B is heated at a predetermined temperature. Accordingly, the piezoelectric vibration member 104 is mechanically supported by the bump B, and the mount electrodes 116 and 117 are electrically connected with the routing electrodes 136 and 137. Therefore, at this time, the pair of excitation electrodes 115 of the piezoelectric vibration member 104 are electrically connected to the pair of through-electrodes 132 and 133, respectively.
[0272]In particular, the piezoelectric vibration member 104 is bump-bonded, and therefore it is supported as spaced above from the upper face of the base substrate wafer 140.
[0273]After the mounting of the piezoelectric vibration member 104 is finished, an overlaying step is attained for overlaying the base substrate wafer 140 and the lid substrate wafer 150 (S150). Concretely, the two wafers 140 and 150 are aligned in a correct position based on a reference mark or the like (not shown) as an index. Accordingly, the mounted piezoelectric vibration member 104 is kept housed in the cavity C surrounded by the recess 103a formed in the base substrate wafer 140 and the two wafers 140 and 150.
[0274]After the overlaying step, a bonding step is attained for anodically bonding the overlaid two wafers 140 and 150 by putting them in an anodic bonding apparatus (not shown) and applying a predetermined voltage thereto in a predetermined temperature atmosphere (S160). Concretely, a predetermined voltage is applied between the bonding film 135 and the lid substrate wafer 150. With that, there occurs electrochemical reaction in the interface between the bonding film 135 and the lid substrate wafer 150, whereby the two firmly stick to each other to attain anodic bonding therebetween. Accordingly, the piezoelectric vibration member 104 can be sealed up in the cavity C, and a wafer body 160 as shown in FIG. 44 can be obtained in which the base substrate wafer 140 and the lid substrate wafer 150 are bonded to each other. FIG. 44 illustrates an exploded state of the wafer body 160 for facilitating the understating of the view, in which the illustrative constitution of from the base substrate wafer 140 to the bonding film 135 is omitted. The dotted line M shown in FIG. 44 means a section line for cutting in the subsequent cutting step.
[0275]In anodic bonding, the through-holes 130 and 131 formed in the base substrate wafer 140 are completely blocked up by the through-electrodes 132 and 133, and therefore, the airtightness inside the cavity C is not broken by the through-holes 130 and 131. In particular, the paste P to constitute the through-electrodes 132 and 133 firmly sticks to the inner face of the through-holes 130 and 131, and therefore the airtightness inside the cavity C can be surely secured.
[0276]After the above-mentioned anodic bonding is finished, an external electrode forming step is attained for forming a plurality of pairs of external electrodes 138 and 139 electrically connected to the pairs of through-electrodes 132 and 133, respectively, by patterning an electroconductive material on the lower face of the base substrate wafer 140 (S170). As a result of this step, the piezoelectric vibration member 104 sealed up in the cavity C can be operated by utilizing the external electrodes 138 and 139.
[0277]In particular, also in attaining this step, the through-electrodes 132 and 133 are kept substantially in a flat condition relative to the lower face of the base substrate wafer 140, like in the case of forming the routing electrodes 136 and 137, and therefore the patterned external electrodes 138 and 139 can be kept in airtight contact with the through-electrodes 132 and 133 with no space therebetween. Accordingly, the electric connection between the external electrodes 138 and 139 with the through-electrodes 132 and 133 is secured.
[0278]Next, a fine-tuning step is attained for finely tuning the frequency of the individual piezoelectric vibrators 101 sealed up in the cavities C in the state of the wafer body 160 to make it fall within a predetermined range (S180). Concretely, a voltage is applied to the pair of external electrodes 138 and 139 formed on the lower face of the base substrate wafer 140 to thereby vibrate the piezoelectric vibration member 104. Then, with monitoring the frequency, this is irradiated with a laser light from the outside through the lid substrate wafer 150, to thereby evaporate the fine-tuning film 121b of the weight metal film 121. As a result, the weight of the top side of the pair of vibration arms 110 and 111 changes, and therefore the frequency of the piezoelectric vibration member 104 can be finely tuned so as to fall within a predetermined range of a nominal frequency.
[0279]After the fine-tuning of frequency is finished, a cutting step is attained for cutting the bonded wafer body 160 to thereby shred it into the individual pieces along the section line M shown in FIG. 44 (S190). As a result, a plurality of two-layer structure-type, surface-mount piezoelectric vibrators 101 as in FIG. 26 can be manufactured all at once, in which the piezoelectric vibration member 104 is sealed up in the cavity C formed between the base substrate 102 and the lid substrate 103 anodically bonded to each other.
[0280]The process sequence may be in an order of the cutting step (S190) of shredding into the individual piezoelectric vibrators 101 followed by the fine-tuning step (S180). However, as so mentioned in the above, in case where the fine-tuning step (S180) is attained previously, then the tuning can be effected in the state of the wafer body 160 and therefore a plurality of piezoelectric vibrators 101 can be finely tuned more efficiently. Accordingly, it is favorable as increasing the throughput.
[0281]After this, the internal electric characteristics are inspected (S195). Specifically, the piezoelectric vibration member 104 is checked for the resonance frequency, the resonance resistance, the drive level characteristic (excitation power dependence of the resonance frequency and the resonance resistance), etc. In addition, it is checked also for the insulation resistance characteristic, etc. Finally, the piezoelectric vibrator 101 is checked for the appearance thereof in point of the dimension and the quality, etc. With that, the manufacture of the piezoelectric vibrator 101 is finished.
[0282]In particular, in the piezoelectric vibrator 101 of this embodiment, the through-electrodes 132 and 133 can be formed substantially in a flat condition relative to the base substrate 102, not having surface depressions, and therefore the through-electrodes 132 and 133 can be surely kept in airtight contact with the routing electrodes 136 and 137 and the external electrodes 138 and 139. As a result, stable electric connection between the piezoelectric vibration member 104 with the external electrodes 138 and 139 can be secured, and the operation performance reliability of the piezoelectric vibrator can be enhanced and the quality thereof can be increased. Further, the airtightness inside the cavity C can be secured, and in this point, the quality of the device can be increased.
[0283]Further, in the lower face polishing step, the amount to be polished may be determined based on the thickness of the base substrate wafer 140 and the depth of the holes 130a and 131a, not depending on the volume of the paste P to be reduced in firing. In other words, as shown in FIG. 40, the amount to be polished, T3 can be readily determined from the thickness T1 of the base substrate wafer 140 and the depth T2 of the holes 130a and 131a. Accordingly, the lower face polishing step does not require confirming the condition of the paste P, and the lower face may be polished by a predetermined amount. Therefore, under-polishing or over-polishing may be prevented.
[0284]In addition, the through-electrodes 132 and 133 can be formed according to the simple method of using the paste P, and therefore, the process can be simplified. Further, since the bottomed holes 130a and 131a are used in implantation of the paste P therein, the operation of implanting the paste P is easy, and the process is simplified. In addition, there is no risk of wasting the paste P.
[0285]According to the manufacturing method of this embodiment, a plurality of the above-mentioned piezoelectric vibrators 101 can be manufactured all at once, and the manufacture cost can be reduced.
Fourth Embodiment
[0286]The fourth embodiment of the invention is described below with reference to FIG. 45 to FIG. 63.
[0287]The piezoelectric vibrator 201 of this embodiment is, as shown in FIG. 45 to FIG. 48, a surface-mount piezoelectric vibrator that is formed to have a two-layer laminate boxy shape composed of a base substrate 202 and a lid substrate 203, in which a piezoelectric vibration member 204 is housed in the cavity C inside it.
[0296]The thus-constituted piezoelectric vibration member 204 is, as shown in FIG. 46 and FIG. 48, bump-bonded to the upper face of the base substrate 202 with a bump B of gold or the like. More concretely, on the two bumps B formed on the routing electrodes 236 and 237 to be mentioned below, as patterned on the upper face of the base substrate 202, a pair of mount electrodes 216 and 217 are bump-bonded as kept in contact with each other. Accordingly, the piezoelectric vibration member 204 is supported as spaced above from the upper face of the base substrate 202, and the mount electrodes 216 and 217 are electrically connected to the routing electrodes 236 and 237, respectively.
[0299]The base substrate 202 is formed to have a pair of through-holes 230 and 231 in and through the base substrate 202. In this case, the pair of through-holes 230 and 231 are so formed as to be housed inside the cavity C. More precisely, the through-holes 230 and 231 in this embodiment are so formed that one through-hole 230 is positioned on the side of the base 212 of the mounted piezoelectric vibration member 204 and the other through-hole 231 is positioned on the top side of the vibration arms 210 and 211. In this embodiment, a tapered through-hole of which the diameter of the cross section gradually decreases toward the lower face of the base substrate 202 is described as one example; but not limited to this case, the through-hole may also be a straight through-hole that runs straightly through the base substrate 202. Anyhow, the through-hole may be any one that runs through the base substrate 202.
[0308]First, a piezoelectric vibration member forming step is attained to form the piezoelectric vibration member 204, as shown in FIG. 49 to FIG. 51 (S210). Concretely, first, a rough Lambertian quartz is sliced at a predetermined angle to give a wafer having a predetermined thickness. Subsequently, the wafer is roughly worked by lapping, then the work-affected layer is removed by etching, and thereafter this is mirror-finished by polishing or the like to give a wafer having a predetermined thickness. Subsequently, the wafer is suitably processed by washing or the like, and then the wafer is patterned into an external shape of the piezoelectric vibration member 204 through photolithography, and a metal film is formed and patterned to thereby form the excitation electrode 215, the routing electrodes 219 and 220, the mount electrodes 216 and 217, and the weight metal film 221. Accordingly, a plurality of piezoelectric vibration members 204 are formed.
[0311]Next, at the same time or in a timing of before or after the above step, a second wafer forming step is attained for forming a base substrate wafer 240 to be the base substrate 202 later up to the state just before anodic bonding (S230). First, soda lime glass is polished to have a predetermined thickness and washed, and then, the work-affected layer of the outermost surface is removed by etching or the like to give a disc-like base substrate wafer 240 (S231). Next, a through-electrode forming step is attained for forming a plurality of pairs of through-electrodes 232 and 233 in the base substrate wafer 240 (S232). Here, the through-electrode forming step is described in detail.
[0312]First, as shown in FIG. 55, a hole forming step (S233) is attained for forming a plurality of pairs of through-holes 230 and 231 in and through the base substrate wafer 240. The dotted line M shown in FIG. 55 means a section line for cutting in the subsequent cutting step. In this step, the upper face of the base substrate wafer 240 is processed, for example, according to a sand-blasting method. Accordingly, as shown in FIG. 56, tapered through-holes 230 and 231 are formed, of which the hole diameter of the cross section gradually decreases toward the lower face of the base substrate wafer 240. A plurality of pairs of through-holes 230 and 231 are so formed as to be housed in the recesses 203a formed in the lid substrate wafer 250, when the two wafers 240 and 250 are overlaid later. Further, they are so positioned that one through-hole 230 can be positioned on the side of the base 212 of the piezoelectric vibration member 204 and the other through-hole 231 can be on the top side of the vibration arms 210 and 211.
[0313]Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 57, a filling step is attained for implanting the paste P containing fine metal particles P1, into these plural through-holes 230 and 231 with no space left therein to block up the through-holes 230 and 231 (S234). In FIG. 57 to FIG. 60, the metal fine particles P1 are not shown.
[0314]Subsequently, a firing step is attained for firing and hardening the filled paste P at a predetermined temperature (S235). Accordingly, the paste P is kept firmly fixing to the inner face of the through-holes 230 and 231. Regarding the hardened paste P, the organic matter in the paste P (not shown) evaporates away during the firing, and therefore, the volume of the hardened paste decreases as compared with the volume thereof in the filling step as shown in FIG. 58. Accordingly, the surface of the paste P inevitably has depressions.
[0315]Therefore, after the firing, a polishing step (S236) for polishing the two faces of the base substrate wafer 240 each by a predetermined thickness is attained, as shown in FIG. 59. As a result of the step, the two faces of the paste P hardened by firing can be polished at the same time, and therefore, the peripheries of the depressions can be cut off. In other words, the surface of the hardened paste P can be planarized.
[0316]Accordingly, the surface of the base substrate wafer 240 and the surface of through-electrodes 232 and 233 can be substantially in a flat condition, as shown in FIG. 60. After the polishing step, the through-electrode forming step is finished.
[0331]In particular, in the piezoelectric vibrator 201 of this embodiment, the through-electrodes 232 and 233 can be formed substantially in a flat condition relative to the base substrate 202, not having surface depressions, and therefore the through-electrodes 232 and 233 can be surely kept in airtight contact with the routing electrodes 236 and 237 and the external electrodes 238 and 239. As a result, stable electric connection between the piezoelectric vibration member 204 with the external electrodes 238 and 239 can be secured, and the operation performance reliability of the piezoelectric vibrator can be enhanced and the quality thereof can be increased. Further, the airtightness inside the cavity C can be secured, and in this point, the quality of the device can be increased. In addition, the through-electrodes 232 and 233 can be formed according to the simple method of using the paste P, and therefore, the process can be simplified.
[0333]Next described is one embodiment of the oscillator of the invention, with reference to FIG. 64. In this embodiment, an example of an oscillator provided with the piezoelectric vibrator 1 of the first embodiment is described.
[0334]The oscillator 500 of this embodiment comprises the piezoelectric vibrator 1 electrically connected to an integrated circuit 501 to be an oscillation member therein, as shown in FIG. 64. The oscillator 500 is provided with a substrate 503 on which an electronic part 502 such as a capacitor or the like is mounted. On the substrate 503, mounted is the above-mentioned integrated circuit 501 for oscillator, and in the vicinity of the integrated circuit 501, the piezoelectric vibrator 1 is mounted thereon. These electronic part 502, integrated circuit 501 and piezoelectric vibrator 1 are electrically connected to each other with a wiring pattern (not shown). The constitutive parts each are molded with a resin (not shown).
[0335]In the thus-constituted oscillator 500, when a voltage is applied to the piezoelectric vibrator 1, then the piezoelectric vibration member 4 in the piezoelectric vibrator 1 is vibrated. The vibration is converted into an electric signal owing to the piezoelectric characteristic that the piezoelectric vibration member 4 has, and the electric signal is inputted into the integrated circuit 501. The thus-inputted electric signal is processed variously in the integrated circuit 501, and is outputted as a frequency signal. Accordingly, the piezoelectric vibrator 1 functions as an oscillation member.
[0336]In case where the integrated circuit 501 is, for example, so constituted that an RTC (real time clock) module or the like is defined therein selectively on demand, then the oscillator may act as a single-function oscillator for clocks or the like, or a function of controlling the operation date or time of the device or its external devices or providing a time, a calendar or the like may be added to the oscillator.
[0337]The oscillator 500 of this embodiment comprises the high-quality piezoelectric vibrator 1, in which the airtightness inside the cavity C is secured and of which the operation reliability has been improved, and therefore, the operation reliability of the oscillator 500 itself can also be enhanced and the quality thereof can be increased. In addition, the oscillator may give stable and precision frequency signals for a long period of time.
[0338]An example comprising the piezoelectric vibrator 1 of the first embodiment is described in the above; however, the piezoelectric vibrators of the other embodiments can also exhibit the same advantage and effect.
[0339]Next described is one embodiment of the electronic device of the invention, with reference to FIG. 65. As the electronic device, a portable information device 110 having the above-mentioned piezoelectric vibrator 1 of the first embodiment is illustrated below.
[0340]First, the portable information device 510 of this embodiment is, for example, typically a portable telephone, which is developed and improved from a prior-art wristwatch. Its appearance is similar to a wristwatch, and a liquid-crystal display is disposed in the part corresponding to the dial plate, and the current time or the like can be displayed on the panel. In case where it is utilized as a communication device, then it is taken off from the wrist, and via the speaker or the microphone built in the inside part of the band, communication can be attained like in the case of prior-art portable telephones. However, as compared with conventional portable telephones, the device of the invention is remarkably down-sized and weight-saved.
[0341]Next described is the constitution of the portable information device 510 of this embodiment. The portable information device 510 is provided with the piezoelectric vibrator 1 and a power source part 511 for power supply, as shown in FIG. 65. The power source part 511 comprises, for example, a lithium secondary battery. To the power source part 511, connected are a control part 512 for various control, a timer part 513 for counting time and the like, a communication part 514 for external communication, a display part 515 for displaying various information, and an voltage detection part 516 for detecting the voltage of the individual functional parts, all in parallel to each other. Via the power source part 511, power is supplied to the respective functional parts.
[0342]The control part 512 controls the individual functional parts, transmits and receives voice data, and counts and displays the current time, therefore controlling the operation of the entire system. The control part 512 is provided with ROM where a program is previously written, CPU for reading out the program written in ROM and executing it, and RAM to be used as a work area of CPU, etc.
[0343]The timer part 513 is provided with an integrated circuit that comprises an oscillation circuit, a register circuit, a counter circuit, an interface circuit and the like all built therein, and the piezoelectric vibrator 1. When a voltage is applied to the piezoelectric vibrator 1, then the piezoelectric vibration member 4 is vibrated and the vibration is converted into an electric signal owing to the piezoelectric characteristic that the quartz crystal has, and the electric signal is inputted into the oscillation circuit. The output from the oscillation circuit is binarized and counted by the resistor circuit and the counter circuit. Then, two-way signal transmission to the control part 512 is attained via the interface circuit, and the current time, the current date, the calendar information and the like are displayed in the display part 515.
[0344]The communication part 514 has the same function as that of a conventional portable telephone, and is provided with a wireless part 517, a voice processing part 518, a switch part 519, an amplification part 520, a voice input/output part 521, a telephone number input part 522, a ring alert generation part 523, and a call control memory part 524.
[0345]The wireless part 517 undergoes two-way transmission of various data such as voice data and the like to the base station via an antenna 525. The voice processing part 518 codes and decodes the voice signal inputted from the wireless part 517 or the amplification part 520. The amplification part 520 amplifies the signal inputted from the voice processing part 518 or the voice input/output part 521 up to a predetermined level. The voice input/output part 521 comprises a speaker, a microphone or the like, and this amplifies the ring alert or the received voice, or collects the voice.
[0346]The ring alert generation part 523 generates a ring alert in accordance with the call from the base station. The switch part 519 turns the amplification part 520 connected to the sound processing part 518 to the ring alert generation part 523 only in calling whereby the ring alert generated in the ring alert generation part 523 is outputted to the voice input/output part 521 via the amplification part 520.
[0347]The call control memory part 524 houses a program relating to communication incoming/outgoing call control. The telephone number input part 522 is provided with number keys of, for example, from 0 to 9 and other keys, and by pushing these number keys and others, the calling telephone number or the like is inputted.
[0348]The voltage detection part 516 detects the voltage depression and notifies it to the control part 512, when the voltage applied to the various functional parts such as the control part 512 and others from the power source part 511 has fallen below the predetermined level. The predetermined voltage is a value previously set as the minimum voltage necessary for stable operation of the communication part 514, and is, for example, around 3 V. The control part 512 that has received the notice of voltage depression from the voltage detection part 516 inhibits the operation of the wireless part 517, the voice processing part 518, the switch part 519 and the ring alert generation part 523. In particular, the operation stopping of the wireless part 517 that consumes much power is indispensable. Further, the display part 515 displays the unavailability of the communication part 514 owing to the shortage of the battery residue.
[0349]Specifically, the voltage detection part 516 and the control part 512 inhibit the operation of the communication part 514, which may be displayed on the display part 515. The display may be a letter message, or for more intuitive expression, a mark (x) (unavailability mark) may be given to the telephone icon to be displayed in the upper part of the display panel of the display part 515.
[0350]A power shutdown part 526 capable of selectively shutting down the power relating to the function of the communication part 514 may be provided whereby the function of the communication part 514 may be more surely stopped.
[0351]The portable information device 510 of this embodiment comprises the high-quality piezoelectric vibrator 1, in which the airtightness inside the cavity C is secured and of which the operation reliability has been improved, and therefore, the operation reliability of the portable information device itself can also be enhanced and the quality thereof can be increased. In addition, the device can exhibit stable and precision time information for a long period of time.
[0353]Next described is one embodiment of the radio-controlled watch of the invention, with reference to FIG. 66. In this embodiment, an example of a radio-controlled watch comprising the piezoelectric vibrator 1 of the first embodiment is described.
[0354]The radio-controlled watch 530 of this embodiment comprises the piezoelectric vibrator 1 electrically connected to a filter part 531, as shown in FIG. 66, and this is a watch having the function of receiving standard waves that include time information, automatically correcting it to a correct time and displaying the time.
[0355]In Japan, there are transmitter stations for transmitting standard waves in Fukushima prefecture (40 kHz) and Saga prefecture (60 kHz), and they transmit standard waves. The long wave of 40 kHz or 60 kHz has both the property or passing on the land surface and the property of reflecting on the ionosphere and the land surface and passing thereon; and therefore, its passing region is broad, and the above-mentioned two transmitter stations cover everywhere in Japan.
[0356]The details of the functional constitution of the radio-controlled watch 530 are described below.
[0357]The antenna 532 receives a long standard wave of 40 kHz or 60 kHz. For the long standard wave, a carrier wave of 40 kHz or 60 kHz is processed for AM modulation with a time information referred to as a time code. The received long standard wave is amplified by the amplifier 533, and filtered and synchronized by the filter part 531 paving a plurality of piezoelectric vibrators 1.
[0358]The piezoelectric vibrators 1 in this embodiment each are provided with a quartz crystal vibration member 538 or 539 having the same resonance frequency of 40 kHz or 60 kHz as the above-mentioned carrier frequency.
[0359]Further, the filtered signal having a predetermined frequency is detected and demodulated by the detection/rectification circuit 534. Subsequently, via the waveform shaper circuit 535, the time code is taken out, and counted in CPU 536. In CPU 536, information such as the current year, the accumulated date, the week day, the time and the like is read out. The read-out information is reflected by RTC 537, and the accurate time information is thereby displayed.
[0360]The carrier wave is 40 kHz or 60 kHz, and therefore, the quartz crystal vibration members 538 and 539 are preferably the above-mentioned, tuning fork-like vibrators.
[0361]The above explanation is for an example in Japan; however, the frequency of the long standard wave differs in foreign countries. For example, in Germany, a standard wave of 77.5 kHz is employed. Accordingly, in case where a radio-controlled watch 530 applicable to foreign use is built in a portable device, it further requires the piezoelectric vibrator 1 of which the frequency differs from that in Japan.
[0362]The radio-controlled watch 530 of this embodiment comprises the high-quality piezoelectric vibrator 1, in which the airtightness inside the cavity C is secured and of which the operation reliability has been improved, and therefore, the operation reliability of the radio-controlled watch itself can also be enhanced and the quality thereof can be increased. In addition, the watch can count time stably with accuracy for a long period of time.
[0364]The technical scope of the invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and various changes may be given thereto not overstepping the scope and the spirit of the invention.
[0365]For example, in the above-mentioned embodiments, an example of a grooved piezoelectric vibration member having a groove formed in both faces of the vibration arms is illustrated as one example of the piezoelectric vibration member; however, a piezoelectric vibration member not having the groove may also be employed herein. However, forming the groove may increase the field effect efficiency between a pair of excitation electrodes when a predetermined voltage is applied to the pair of excitation electrodes, and therefore the vibration loss may be reduced and the vibration characteristics may be further enhanced. In other words, the CI value (crystal impedance) may be further reduced, and the performance of the piezoelectric vibration member can be further enhanced. In this respect, forming the groove is preferred.
[0366]In the above-mentioned embodiments, an example of a tuning folk-type piezoelectric vibration member is illustrated; however, the vibration member is not limited to the tuning folk-type one. For example, it may be a thickness-shear vibration member.
[0367]In the above-mentioned embodiments, the base substrate and the lid substrate are anodically bonded via a bonding film; but the bonding mode is not limited to anodic bonding. However, anodic bonding is preferred as capable of firmly bonding the two substrates.
[0368]In the above-mentioned embodiments, the piezoelectric vibration member is bump-bonded, but the bonding mode is not limited to bump-bonding. For example, the piezoelectric vibration member may be bonded with an electroconductive adhesive. However, bump-bonding makes it possible to space the piezoelectric vibration member from the upper face of the base substrate, and naturally ensures the minimum vibration gap necessary for vibration. Accordingly, bump-bonding is preferred.
[0369]In the above-mentioned embodiments, the through-holes are formed to have a pair of through-electrodes; however, the number of the through-electrode formed in the manner as above may be one, or may be 3 or more.
[0370]In the filling step in the above-mentioned embodiments, the paste may be defoamed (for example, by centrifugal defoaming or vacuuming), and then the paste may be implanted. Through the pre-defoaming treatment of the paste, the paste containing few bubbles may be implanted. Accordingly, the reduction in the volume of the paste in the firing step may be reduced as much as possible. Therefore, the amount to be polished later may be reduced, and the time for polishing may be reduced, thereby enabling more efficient manufacture of piezoelectric vibrators.
[0371]In the above-mentioned embodiments, a paste P mixed with a glass frit (granular material) G having the same thermal expansion coefficient as that of the base substrate (base substrate wafer) may be used, as shown in FIG. 67. In that manner, the thermal expansion of the paste P can be near to the thermal expansion of the base substrate wafer in firing. Accordingly, there hardly occurs a space between the two owing to the difference in the thermal expansion therebetween, and the two can be kept in more tight contact with each other. As a result, the airtightness in the through-electrodes formed may be increased more, and the long-term airtightness reliability can be enhanced. The proportion of the glass frit G to be mixed is preferably as large as possible within a range not detracting from the electroconductivity of the metal fine particles P1.
[0372]In the above-mentioned embodiments, a paste containing thin and long fibrous metal fine particles is used as one example; however, the shape of the metal fine particles may be any other one. For example, they may be spherical. Also in this case, when the metal fine particles are brought into contact with each other, they may be in a point contact state and can therefore also secure the electric conductivity. However, in case where thin and long fibrous, non-spherical metal fine particles are used, then they may be readily in a linear contact state but not in a point contact stage when they are brought into contact with each other. Accordingly, preferred is use of the paste containing non-spherical metal fine particles rather than spherical ones, as more readily increasing the electric conductivity of the through-electrodes.
[0373]In case where the metal fine particles P1 are non-spherical, for example, they may be strip-like ones as shown in FIG. 68A, or may be waved ones as shown in FIG. 68B, or may be those having a star-shaped cross section as shown in FIG. 68c, or may be those having a crisscross section as shown in FIG. 68D.
[0374]In the above-mentioned embodiments, the through-electrodes are so designed that their diameter gradually increases toward the external electrodes; but on the contrary, the through-electrodes 32 and 33 may be provided of which the diameter gradually decreases toward the external electrodes 38 and 39, as shown in FIG. 69. This case also exhibits the same effect and advantage.
[0375]In the above-mentioned first and second embodiments, the lower face of the base substrate wafer is polished until it reaches the bottom of the holding holes in the lower face polishing step; however, not limited to the case, the base substrate wafer may be polished to a further upper face side thereof.
[0376]In the holding hole forming step in the above-mentioned first and second embodiments, the holding holes are formed to be bottomed holes, of which the bottom is on the lower face side of the base substrate wafer; however, they may have any other shape. For example, they may be through-holes formed in the thickness direction of the base substrate wafer. However, in this case, the amount to be polished in the lower face polishing step may be varied depending on the paste volume reduction in firing, and in addition, in the filling step, the paste implantation operation is troublesome; and therefore, the holding holes are preferably bottomed holes.
[0377]In the above-mentioned third embodiment, the lower face of the base substrate wafer is polished to the position that reaches the bottom of the hole in the lower face polishing step; however, not limited to the case, the wafer may be polished to the polishing level, T3 or more.
Patent applications by Kiyoshi Aratake, Chiba-Shi JP
Patent applications by Masashi Numata, Chiba-Shi JP
Patent applications in class Electromechanical resonator controlled
Patent applications in all subclasses Electromechanical resonator controlled
2010-10-28 Low-power piezoelectric amplifier and method thereof
2012-08-23 Varactorless tunable oscillator
2012-10-04 Manufacturing method of package
2014-01-09 Configurable multi-mode oscillators
2010-01-21 Resistor-capacitor oscillator
2016-03-24 Oscillator, electronic apparatus, and moving object
2016-03-10 Dynamic gearshift during oscillator build-up based on duty cycle
2016-02-04 Crystal oscillation circuit
2015-12-17 Oscillation circuit, oscillator, electronic apparatus, and moving object
2015-05-28 Oscillator circuit, oscillator, electronic apparatus, and moving object
2013-09-12 Piezoelectric vibrator, oscillator, electronic device, and radio-controlled timepiece
2012-09-06 Piezoelectric vibrator, oscillator, electronic device and radio timepiece
2012-08-16 Crystal device, method of manufacturing crystal device, piezoelectric vibrator, oscillator, electronic apparatus, and radio timepiece
2012-08-16 Anodic bonding apparatus, method of manufacturing package, piezoelectric vibrator, oscillator, electronic apparatus, and radio timepiece
2012-06-21 Electronic component
Top Inventors for class "Oscillators"
1 Akinori Yamada
2 Tetsuo Nishida
3 Ping-Ying Wang
4 Koji Chindo
5 Taku Aoyama
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Iniciativas / Lugares Ejemplares de Recuperación de Comida
> Recupera!
Acá ponemos links a las webs oficiales, artículos, etc respecto a lugares o iniciativas que están haciendo algo sensato respecto a la recuperación de comida.
Trader Joe's Ex-President Opens Store With Aging Food And Cheap Meals. Trader Joe's Ex-President Opens Store With Aging Food And Cheap Meals. Think Nobody Wants To Buy Ugly Fruits And Veggies? Think Again. Remember that old movie trope, in which the mousy girl who never gets noticed takes off her eyeglasses and — voila!
— suddenly, everyone can see she was beautiful all along? She was a beauty the whole time?! Marilyn Monroe in How To Marry A Millionaire. The Kobal Collection hide caption itoggle caption The Kobal Collection She was a beauty the whole time?! The Kobal Collection Well, a similar sort of scenario is starting to play out in the world of produce in the U.S. France to force big supermarkets to give unsold food to charities.
French supermarkets will be banned from throwing away or destroying unsold food and must instead donate it to charities or for animal feed, under a law set to crack down on food waste.
The French national assembly voted unanimously to pass the legislation as France battles an epidemic of wasted food that has highlighted the divide between giant food firms and people who are struggling to eat. As MPs united in a rare cross-party consensus, the centre-right deputy Yves Jégo told parliament: “There’s an absolute urgency – charities are desperate for food. The most moving part of this law is that it opens us up to others who are suffering.” This new startup wants to sell you ugly fruit and veggies. Originally published on Grist.
Remember the ugly fruit and vegetables that were all the rage in France last summer? We’ll, they’re coming to America. More to the point: They’ve actually been here this whole time — just not on most people’s plates, nor in supermarket aisles. Food Recovery Network mini documentary. Chefs Daniel Patterson and Roy Choi Reimagine Fast Food. IN COPENHAGEN in the summer of 2013, Daniel Patterson, a two-Michelin-star chef with four restaurants in California’s Bay Area, watched as the Los Angeles–based chef Roy Choi gave a speech about the millions of Californians who are hungry or live in fear of going hungry.
As Patterson sat in the audience at the MAD Symposium in the Danish capital, an annual event that gathers thought leaders in the field of food, he was reminded of his own social-justice initiative, called the Cooking Project, which works with kids and adults in San Francisco’s toughest neighborhood, the Tenderloin. “The idea,” he says, “is that by teaching some basic cooking skills, we can greatly improve eating in areas where nutritious and delicious meals are hard to come by.” Patterson wanted to expand his idea in the form of a fast-food restaurant. It would link the Cooking Project to social enterprise, creating jobs in the Tenderloin. The Loco’l burger is two-thirds meat and one-third whole grain. “A million?” The picking, donating or distributing of fruit for humanitarian purposes.
For Businesses - Feedback. Food For Good. FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS. Q1:Does Food Not Bombs get its food from dumpsters?
Fighting Waste, Feeding People. Food waste feeds the future - Agriculture - Livestock. AS THE price of feed grain remains high about $10 a tonne to $15/t above this time last year, and seasons across the country continue to be dry, producers are looking for alternatives when it comes to stock feed.
By-products used for livestock now include everything from cotton seed, grape mark, almond hulls and citrus pulp to holmany, and copra according to Narrabri nutritionist Gary Morrison, Nutra-mix. Mr Morrison said with grain prices well above $200/t, producers were cutting back on the amount fed to livestock, by integrating other products. "These are the biggest things now, with grain as expensive as it is people will be looking for every alternative there is," he said. Bread waste into enzymes: Study. A study published in the Journal of Food and Bioproducts Processing found that through solid state fermentation, it is possible to develop a multi-enzyme solution rich in glucoamylase and protease from waste bread.
“Glucoamylases and proteases are the most widely used industrial enzymes with applications in various industries,” the researchers wrote. Food waste u-turn by Labour. “Labour’s backtrack on banning food waste to landfill is hugely disappointing news for the entire waste management sector,” said Philip Simpson, commercial director at ReFood.
“In the next five years, landfill sites across the UK will be nearing capacity, which makes minimising the volume of unnecessary waste and increasing recycling figures absolutely essential.” Election manifesto. Scientists turn Starbucks food waste into bioplastic. The biorefinery changed food waste such as spent coffee grounds and stale bakery goods from the retail chain in Hong Kong into succinic acid for making plastics.
A Simple Acid Soak Turns Food Waste Into Plastics. Researchers report a simple method to convert food waste into cellulose-based plastics of varying thermal and mechanical properties (Macromolecules 2014, DOI: 10.1021/ma5008557).
Most synthetic plastics have environmental concerns: They’re petroleum-based; they can’t biodegrade; or they potentially contain toxic compounds such as phthalates. Ilker S. Bayer, Athanassia Athanassiou, and their colleagues at the Italian Institute of Technology have sought ways to make plastics from biomass so that the materials are renewable, biodegradable, and possibly less toxic. Whole Foods Market tests novel food waste technology developed by ex-Microsoft execs. The beauty of WISErg’s Harvester devices - which can convert up to 4,000lb/day of food waste (from coffee grounds and meat/bone scraps to produce) into liquid that is later further refined and turned into a nutrient-rich fertilizer - is that they enable retailers to track exactly what they are throwing away, when, and use this knowledge to become more efficient, co-founder Larry LeSueur told FoodNavigator-USA.
While retailers already measure shrinkage in the sense that they know the difference between what is delivered to a store and what goes through the checkout, more granular data revealing exactly what is being dumped and when, can help pinpoint where and why waste is being generated, enabling stores to improve inventory management, address staff training issues, or change the way they work, he said. We wanted to create something that is sustainable and economically viable No smelly odors. OSU turns winemaking waste into food supplements and flowerpots. CORVALLIS, Ore. – Researchers at Oregon State University have discovered how to turn the pulp from crushed wine grapes into a natural food preservative, biodegradable packaging materials and a nutritional enhancement for baked goods.
The United States wine industry creates a tremendous amount of waste from processing more than 4 million tons of grapes each year, mostly in the Pacific Northwest and California, according to the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Wineries typically pay for the pulp to be hauled away, but a small percentage is used in low-value products such as fertilizer and cow feed. "We now know pomace can be a sustainable source of material for a wide range of goods," said researcher Yanyun Zhao, a professor and value-added food products specialist with the OSU Extension Service. Bring the Food. The Bristol Skipchen: a Real Junk Food Project. The Real Junk Food Project.
Esto es Skipchen, un restaurant en Bristol, Reino Unido, donde todo su menú se compone de presiduos, donde la gente paga lo que siente por ellos. – gonzalo_jimenez
Related: graines - Educación ambiental - The Environment - hsh112housing - Security - Environnement - Urbanisme - Education - Enterprise
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How far did the tsunami go inland?
Six months later, I find a lot of people coming here trying to figure out how far the tsunami of last December 24 went inland. Here's one:
Derek, I apologize for asking this question but I find there are over 9 million entries on the Asian disaster. I have a friend who does not have a computer and she asked me how far the tsunami went inland. I cannot find the information. She has relatives there and they were not harmed so I'm not sure why she wanted to know. I "thought" I saw on the news when this first happened that it went 1 mile inland. Do you know if that is the approximate? Thanks for your help.
Following up on my earlier consolidated article about the Indian Ocean tsunami, here's my answer:
There were several places where the tsunami went a lot further than a mile inland, and many, many where it did not. But it's not a simple relationship of how close those places were to the earthquake that caused the tsunami.
How far inland the tsunami went (or any tsunami would go) varies widely depending on:
How close the land location you're talking about was to the quake (it would be different for Sumatra than Somalia) and in what direction (Sri Lanka was in the east-west path, Bangladesh wasn't).
What sorts of intermediate objects (islands, channels) lie between it and the quake (Thailand and the west coast of Sri Lanka and India were hit even though they weren't in the direct path, because the waves diffracted around channels and headlands; much of Malaysia and the rest of Indonesia was protected by intermediate islands, and outside the Indian Ocean there was little effect because of intervening land masses).
The shape of the seafloor near land (shallower and steeper slopes lead to very different kinds of tsunami waves once they hit shore). Watch the simulation at the Seed tsunami page to see what I mean.
The shape, slope, and composition of the land itself where the tsunami hit (a cliff would be very different than a gentle shore slope) and how far that shape, slope, and composition reach inland (a steep slope that ends in a wall wouldn't let the tsunami get far; a shallow slope that extends a long way would).
What kinds of buildings, plants, and other material were on the seashore (dense forest or habitation can slow or redirect or channel the tsunami's waves).
So, in some places (like where my friend Mark was in Malaysia), there were just higher than normal surf waves (and he was able to walk out of chest-high water), while only a few hundred metres away people were swept out to sea by massive surges. Similarly, in places with shallow, gradual slopes both under and above the sea, close to the quake, the tsunami traveled several miles inland, as in Banda Aceh in Sumatra and in some places in Sri Lanka.
In other places nearby, it may have gone hardly anywhere because of steep cliffs, or because it was a long way and perhaps also in an off-axis direction (Somalia, Bangladesh). The local topography (above and below the sea) determines almost everything.
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Jean L. Cohen, "Freedom of Religion, Inc.: Whose Sovereignty?", Netherlands Journal of Legal Philosophy, 3, (2015):169-210
Proliferating demands by the religious for exemptions from general valid law in the US and elsewhere should give us pause. Freedom of religion is the slogan, ‘accommodation’ the key claim.1xThe US constitution’s First Amendment states: ‘Congress shall make no law respecting the establishment of religion or prohibiting the free exercise thereof’. In the mid-twentieth century, this was applied to the states. Accommodation claims invoke the free exercise clause and a federal statue, the Religious Freedom Restoration Act (‘RFRA’), which reads as follows: the ‘Government shall not substantially burden a person’s exercise of religion even if the burden results from a rule of general applicability’ unless (1) the burden is necessary for the ‘furtherance of a compelling government interest’ and (2) the government action at issue serves as the ‘least restrictive means of furthering that compelling governmental interest’. 42 U.S. Code §§ 2000bb-1(a), (b). We seem to be in multicultural territory. ‘Accommodation’ implies that at issue is the protection of religious minorities from unduly burdensome laws passed by secularist or religious majorities. But I argue that the multicultural minority rights frame cannot get at the deep structure of the most contentious demands for accommodation by courts and legislatures, nor help us thematize the fundamental challenge they pose to liberal constitutional democracy.
Current ‘freedom of religion’ discourse assumes that religion is special and unique, quite apart from minority and majority statuses. And the demands I have in mind have little to do with tolerance or fairness. One much discussed problem is that ‘accommodation’ – grants of immunity and blanket exemptions from civil law – may turn unjust discrimination by or within religious organizations into a religious group right. At issue are exemptions for the religious (and their associations and enterprises) from legislation involving civil rights, employment discrimination, public health, and fair labour standards – exemptions that accommodate religious authorities and some individuals at the expense of the rights of others. But there is another, related stake in ‘freedom of religion’ talk: sovereignty. We face a twenty-first-century version of much older periodically resurrected tropes – freedom of religion and legal pluralism, invoked to challenge the comprehensive jurisdiction of civil law, derided as ‘absolutist monistic sovereignty’, this time of the liberal democratic constitutional state. Indeed, what makes religion unique for the accommodationist is the presupposition of another and higher source of law ascribed a dignity that requires recognition, deference and ‘inter-sovereign respect’.2xElizabeth Clarke, ‘Religions as Sovereigns: Why Religion is Special’, Bepress online publication February 2013 (available at <http://works.bepress.com/elizabeth_clark/16>). Claims of immunity for the religious are often framed in terms of rights, but at issue is no ordinary conflict of liberal rights. Instead, assertions of unique prerogatives of autonomy (from regulation by civil law) and corporate self-government (effective law-making immune to civil oversight) for religious associations and the non- or for-profit corporations owned or controlled by the religious have a deep structure of presumed jurisdictional prerogative that poses a serious challenge to liberal democratic understandings of constitutionalism, justice, sovereignty, and legitimacy of the civil state. My focus in this article is on the logic underlying a new wave of successful accommodation claims that involve exceptions from valid general laws required by a liberal conception of justice (such as those prohibiting or preventing status based employment discrimination) – exemptions that impinge on the rights of others and harm them, establishing privileges and immunities exclusively and uniquely for the religious, challenging the bases of liberal democratic constitutionalism. These differ from accommodations meant to protect the religious from majority injustice or insensitivity. First Amendment or statutory protections of religious individuals and minorities from discrimination, repression, targeting, intolerance and insensitivity by legislative majorities, courts or other groups are as important as those protecting against racial, gender, or any status group-based injustice. It may well be that case-specific exemptions crafted by legislatures and enforced by courts are appropriate to preclude or counteract such injustices. Liberal democratic principles suggest that lawmakers consider the normative value of everyone’s ethical integrity when regulating or legislating.3xEthical integrity concerns cannot be restricted to the religious. See Paul Bo-Habib, ‘A Theory of Religious Accommodation’, Journal of Applied Philosophy 23(1) (2006): 109-126. This paper leaves those sorts of accommodations aside in order to focus on the recent developments in religious freedom discourse and jurisprudence that subtly shift the problematic from justice to jurisdiction and shield religious groups from state scrutiny of practices involving harms to others and/or unequal and unfair discriminatory treatment of individuals in their employ or control.
I begin by (1) discussing two recent and momentous US Supreme Court cases: one from 2012 that foregrounds freedom and autonomy of ‘the church’ over an employment discrimination charge levelled in civil court by a school teacher; the other decided in June 2014, involving religious freedom claims of three for-profit corporations invoked to justify their demands for exemption from health care legislation requiring insurance coverage of certain contraceptives for women.4xHosanna-Tabor Evangelical Lutheran Church and School v. EEOC et al., 132 S. Ct. 694, 181 L. Ed. 2d 650 (2012); Burwell, Secretary of Health and Human Services, et al. v. Hobby Lobby Stores, Inc., et al., 573 U.S. ___ (2014). Both revive an old trope regarding religious autonomy – the privileged and unique status of the corporate religious community regarding self-government and employment decisions. (2) I then review arguments as to why religious freedom and/or the freedom of religious conscience uniquely require exemptions from valid general law. The relevant ‘freedom of religion’ arguments fuse rights talk with jurisdiction talk reminiscent of late medieval conceptions of corporate privileges and immunities and evocative of early twentieth-century British pluralist conceptions of the polity. Indeed, the point is to challenge the supremacy and comprehensive scope of ‘monistic’ state sovereignty in the name of ‘pluralism’: legal, associative, and political. Religion is deemed special and unique on the contemporary jurisdictional religious pluralist approach because it involves a distinctive conception of autonomy linked to a sovereignty claim. (3) I examine the religionists’ critique of state sovereignty and their attempts to enlist liberal-pluralist principles to justify it. I argue that we confront a challenge to, rather than an extension of, liberal freedom, democratic legitimacy and the pluralism liberal democracy presupposes. The project is to shift from what under liberal democratic constitutionalism have become questions of justice back to issues of jurisdiction, thereby enhancing and shielding religious communities’ prerogatives in law-making from civil oversight. What does the work in these analyses, as I shall show, is a political-theological conception of the corporate and of sovereignty. (4) I conclude with counter arguments about democratic sovereignty, liberal democratic constitutionalism, justice, plurality, and rights. I show that the version of ‘freedom of religion’ discourse proliferating in the US and influencing the Court involves the assertion of privileges and immunities from civil and constitutional law, not equal rights or fair treatment under that law, thus undermining rather than being the paradigm of liberal rights, and threatening the achievements of democratic constitutionalism. (5) While the accommodation discourse I address is context specific, the underlying justifications and ideology asserting jurisdictional pluralism and church autonomy are not dependent on US constitutionalism and indeed are being asserted on a global level under the ‘freedom of religion’ slogan. This poses challenges to civil democratic states everywhere.
1 Ominous court cases
The jurisdictional pluralist push for accommodation is not new.5xMichael W. McConnell, ‘Accommodation of Religion’, The Supreme Court Review 1985 (1985). See also Douglas Laycock, ‘Regulatory Exemptions of Religious Behavior and the Original Understanding of the Establishment Clause’, Notre Dame Law Review 81 (2006). But the recent success in the highest court of a version that construes religion and religious communities as special and unique, entitled to deference from the state regarding legal claims to autonomy is striking. While both cases involve employment discrimination issues, the contexts are distinct: one involving a church-owned school, the other a for-profit business. Yet the decisions are based, I argue, on shared, and in my view highly problematic, assumptions regarding the rights of the corporate religious to exemption from federal civil rights laws (and regulatory oversight by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission) that forbid certain types of discrimination in employment (on the basis of disability and gender respectively).6xSee, e.g., Title VII of The Civil Rights Act of 1965, 42 U.S.C. §§ 2000e-2 et seq. (‘CRA’) (forbidding employment discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, gender, and national origin) and the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (‘ADA’), 42 U.S.C. §§ 12101 et seq. The provisions of these statues grant the EEOC enforcement powers under 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-5 (1964) (CRA) and 42 U.S.C. § 12117 (1990) (ADA). At issue are thus exemptions from laws required by liberal justice that involve harms to others, basic equality issues, and fundamental public purposes of the state.
1.1 Freedom of religion as church autonomy
In its 2012 unanimous opinion in Hosanna-Tabor Evangelical Lutheran Church and School v. E.E.O.C. et al., the Court constitutionalized the concept of ministerial exception for the first time, applying it globally to ‘the church’, shielding it from liability under the Americans with Disabilities Act for a retaliatory dismissal of an employee, Perich, who taught mainly secular subjects in a religious school.7xHosanna-Tabor Evangelical Lutheran Church and School v. E.E.O.C. et al., 132 S. Ct. 694, 181 L. Ed. 2d 650 (2012). The ADA prohibits an employer from discriminating against a qualified individual on the basis of disability and prohibits an employer from retaliating against any individual who reports such an act to the EEOC. 42 U.S.C. §§ 12101, 12203. The issue was employment discrimination by a religious organization and its non-profit entities. Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act prohibits employment discrimination on the basis of race, colour, religion, sex, or national origin, but exempts religious entities that hire on the basis of religion.8x42 U.S.C. §§ 2000e-1(a). As amended in 1972, Section 702 of the Act broadened this exemption to include religious corporations, associations, educational institutions and societies, permitting them all to discriminate in favour of coreligionists.9xIbid. Technically, this means that religious employers could be sued for racial or gender discrimination and under other laws barring discrimination on the basis of age or disability. But the 1972 amendment made it easier for employers to frame discrimination as a religious requirement, and it broadened the scope well beyond churches and religious schools. Moreover, it dropped the requirement that religious organizations may discriminate on the basis of religion only in relation to their religious activities. In an infamous 1987 case in which a janitor working in a gymnasium open to the public but owned by the Mormon Church was, because he was not Mormon, fired after 16 years of employment, the Court upheld Section 702 and the discretionary exemption it accords exclusively to religious associations.10xCorp. of Presiding Bishop v. Amos, 483 U.S. 327 (1987). Moreover, it refused to inquire into the religious vs. secular nature of the job on the grounds that only the religious, and not secular courts could make such a determination! Congress and the Court eliminated the obligation on the part of religious employers to make the case that their discriminatory practices are required by their faith.11xFor a critique of the Amos ruling, see Nancy L. Rosenblum, ‘Amos: Religious Autonomy and The Moral Uses of Pluralism’, in Obligations of Citizenship and the Demands of Faith, ed. Nancy L. Rosenblum (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2000), 170-1.
It is thus hardly surprising that lower courts have generally refrained from holding churches liable for their hiring and employment practices, or that Court rulings prior to 2012, permitted discrimination on the basis of religion by religious organizations.12xLeslie C. Griffin, Law and Religion: Cases and Materials, 3rd ed. (New York: Foundation Press, 2013), 202-10. Lower courts’ decisions gave rise to the idea of a ministerial exception. In a number of church property dispute cases, the Court ceded jurisdiction to the Church’s highest ecclesiastical tribunals. But Hosanna-Tabor was the first time the Court considered whether the freedom of a religious organization to select its ministers is implicated in a suit charging employment discrimination on other grounds.13x‘Until today, we have not had occasion to consider whether this freedom of a religious organization to select its ministers is implicated by a suit alleging discrimination in employment’. Hosanna-Tabor, 132 S. Ct. at 705, 181 L. Ed. 2d at 663. The ADA prohibits retaliation against employees complaining about potential discrimination to the EEOC. The Court found a ministerial exception in the First Amendment free exercise and establishment clauses that bar ‘interference’ by the state in ‘the church’.14xHosanna-Tabor, 132 S. Ct. at 697, 181 L. Ed. 2d at 654. It held that the church’s determination of the employee’s status as a minister was dispositive of her employment status in the church owned school, marginalizing the relevance of her secular teaching functions. The invention of the ministerial exception as a constitutional commitment is a radical shift in the logic of ‘accommodation’. Why?
The Court’s rhetoric gives the clue. Deeming freedom of association rights insufficient to protect expressive purposes in selecting ministers, the Court held that the First Amendment acknowledges religion to be special with respect to religious organizations’ autonomy. The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) and Perich acknowledged that employment discrimination laws would be unconstitutional as applied to religious groups in certain circumstances such as compelling the ordination of women by the Catholic Church or by an Orthodox Jewish Seminary. According to the EEOC, religious organizations could successfully defend against employment discrimination claims in those circumstances by invoking the constitutional right to freedom of association implicit in the First Amendment. The EEOC and Perich thus saw no need and no basis for a special rule for ministers grounded in the religion clauses.15xIbid., 663-4. Notably, the Court cited the briefs of the parties, both of which refer to Roberts v. United States Jaycees, 468 U.S. 609, 622 (1984), which holds that a right to freedom of association can be found in the First Amendment. The Court found this position untenable because the right to freedom of association is a right enjoyed by religious and secular groups alike, implying that the First Amendment analysis should be the same whether the association in question is the Lutheran church, a labour union or a social club. According to the Court,
[t]hat result is hard to square with the text of the First Amendment itself, which gives special solicitude to the rights of religious organizations.16xIbid., 654.
But the First Amendment never mentions the rights of religious organizations. On the Court’s reading, the religion clauses construe religious association not as only special (particularly vulnerable to state based discrimination or coercion), but as unique, and portray the needs and requirements of church autonomy as radically distinct from those of any other form of association.17xReligious organizations endanger civil republics, as the establishment clause implicitly acknowledges. See James Madison, ‘A Memorial and Remonstrance Against Religious Assessments, June 20, 1785’, in Selected Writings of James Madison, ed. Ralph Ketcham (Indianapolis: Hackett Pub., 2006), 21-26. Accordingly, ‘the Church’ must be free to choose those who will guide it on its way. At stake, Chief Justice Roberts argued, is no mere employment decision – but the ‘internal governance of ‘the Church’.18xHosanna-Tabor, 132 S. Ct. at 706-7, 181 L. Ed. 2d. at 663-4.
As Justice Alito notes in his concurrence, Hosanna-Tabor discharged Perich because she threatened to file suit against the church in a civil court and this apparently contravened the Lutheran doctrine that disputes among Christians should be resolved internally without resort to the civil court system!19xIbid., 673 (Alito, J., concurring). Despite the Court’s refusal to interpret religious doctrine, Justice Alito cites a biblical text, 1 Corinthians 6:1-11, as ground for the church’s policy that Christians should settle disputes among Christians rather than to take those disputes before the ‘ungodly’ for judgment. Ibid., n. 5. Perich argued that this doctrine of internal dispute resolution was a mere pretext for her firing, which was really done for non-religious reasons. But Justice Alito argues that Courts are barred from entering into a pretext inquiry because this would undermine religious autonomy and the right of the church to its own internal dispute resolution mechanisms, including the creation of its own tribunals to resolve such conflicts. Thus, the ministerial exception now apparently bars ‘ministers’ of religious institutions from filing suits for any form of job discrimination. In so constitutionalizing the concept of ministerial exception, the Court opened the door to extending it well beyond the selection of the ministers of a religious congregation.20xSee ibid., 668. The Court tried to circumscribe its holding ‘to this minister in this case’, stating that ‘we express no view on whether the exception bars other types of suits, including actions by employees…there will be time enough to address the applicability of the exception to other circumstances if and when they arise’. 710, 688.
This ‘ministerial exception’ now covers employees such as teachers and pianists working in religious institutions and non-profit organizations – whether or not they are actually clergy. Following quickly upon the heels of the Hosanna-Tabor decision, a federal appeals court invoked the ministerial exception to bar a pianist, who had no ministerial training or duties, from bringing suit for age discrimination and wrongful dismissal against the Catholic Church that employed him.21xPhilip Cannata v. Catholic Diocese of Austin, et al., slip op., no. 11-51151 (5th Cir. Oct. 24, 2012). Cannata filed suit under the Americans with Disabilities Act, 42 U.S.C. §§ 1201 et seq., and the Age Discrimination in Employment Act, 29 U.S.C. §§ 621 et seq. Clearly the Court failed in its efforts to circumscribe. Recently, Archbishop Cordileone declared teachers in catholic schools in San Francisco should be designated part of the ministry, despite acknowledging that not all of them are catholic, thereby placing them out of the reach of federal anti-discrimination laws while simultaneously forbidding them from publically challenging church teachings on homosexuality and contraception.22xNew York Times (2.27.2015) The Roberts Court thus carved out areas of jurisdiction for churches in their corporate character, construed as a hierarchy or as a community of believers, over a wide range of persons, subject matters and institutions.23xThe Court frames the ministerial exemption as an affirmative defense on the merits, not as a jurisdictional bar. But its reasoning is tantamount to acknowledging a unique domain of jurisdiction and an extraordinary privilege of autonomy for religious organizations, denied to other associations. In effect it treats the ministerial exception as a kind of forum selection clause that would, if presented before a civil court, confine certain disputes to internal church decision-making institutions. See Hosanna-Tabor, 132 S. Ct. at 709, 181 L. Ed. 2d. at 667 n. 4. Indeed it cast religious associations (and their non-profit organizations) as so special and unique that they enjoy privileges of autonomy (to make their own rules, and to be exempt from the rules of civil law and regulatory oversight by public powers) well beyond what other civil associations enjoy under the First Amendment and in any liberal constitutional democracy. How can one account for this?
Indeed, it seems to conflict with the Court’s notorious 1990 ruling in the Smith case which rejected the free exercise claim of two native Americans who lost their jobs for using peyote, an illegal substance, in a religious ceremony.24xEmployment Division, Department of Human Resources of Oregon v. Smith, 494 U.S. 872 (1990). The Court denied that individuals have a (unique) constitutional right to exemptions from generally valid neutral laws that impinge on their religious practice, even if the effect is to outlaw sacramental acts of worship.25xSmith, 494 U.S. at 872. For a discussion, see The Immanent Frame: Secularism, Religion and the Public Sphere; Rethinking Secularism; ‘The Church’, website essay by Winnifred Fallers Sullivan, January 31, 2012. It argued that such a constitutional right would make the individual’s conscience a law unto itself, although it stated that legislatures are permitted to grant selective accommodations to religious groups when crafting laws. On the Smith ruling, then, there is no individual right of religious autonomy. Individuals have no constitutional entitlement to follow the dictates of their religion free from state regulation. Thus one cannot account for the autonomy ascribed to ‘the church’ in Hosanna-Tabor by arguing that it is a carryover of an entitlement held by individual believers into their voluntary religious associations where they express and act upon their religious understandings.
The Roberts Court addressed its ruling’s apparent inconsistency with Smith by declaring that unlike government regulation ‘of only outwards physical acts’ such as an individual’s ingestion of peyote, selection of its ministers involves an internal decision that affects the faith and mission of ‘the church’ itself.26xHosanna-Tabor, 132 S. Ct. at 697, 181 L. Ed. 2d. at 655. This tendentious distinction is preceded by a curious and telling genealogy that frames First Amendment protection of freedom of religion in terms of the old jurisdictional battles between church and state in early modern England. Accordingly, the Church was ‘free’ in the thirteenth century thanks to the 1215 Magna Carta signed by King John, but lost its freedom with Henry VIII’s Act of Supremacy of 1534.27xIbid., 659-61. Roberts’ opinion cites Michael W. McConnell, ‘The Origins and Historical Understanding of Free Exercise of Religion’, Harvard Law Review 103 (1990), among others, in presenting this genealogy of the First Amendment free exercise clause. The American founders were allegedly reacting against the latter and reinstating the former when they crafted the First Amendment.28xThe Immanent Frame, website essay by Winnifred Fallers Sullivan.
What this story subtly resurrects is the old ‘two worlds’ theory of separate jurisdictional domains divided between two autonomous (and as we shall see mystical) corporate bodies and sovereigns – Church (God) and State (King). This two-world theory of jurisdictional separation is Christian and theological, premised on the idea that the ultimate source of authority for both realms (regnum and sacerdotium) is God.29xSteven Smith, The Disenchantment of Secular Discourse (Harvard University Press, 2010), 113-5. See the text accompanying n. 138, infra. Its revival implicitly challenges the modern sovereign state’s supremacy over ‘the Church’ along with the state’s monopoly of coercive law making.30xThis has long been the stance of Michael McConnell. See McConnell, ‘Accommodation of Religion’, and Michael W. McConnell, ‘Accommodation of Religion: An Update and a Response to Critics’, George Washington Law Review 60 (1992). For an earlier legal pluralist attempt at resurrecting what amounts to neo-medievalism see John Neville Figgis, Churches in the Modern State (London: Longmans, Green and Co., 1913). It also throws down the gauntlet to the principle of democratic legitimacy that frames the people and their representatives as the sole authoritative source of legitimate coercive law. The two-world theory is the basis of the distinctive jurisdictional version of accommodation and separation involving corporate immunity from public law – ‘libertas ecclesia’ (freedom of the church) – that is now being resurrected to justify a broad constitutionalized right to ‘church autonomy’ – exemption from valid civil law and state regulation of self-regulation.31xFiggis, Churches in the Modern State, 123; Carl H. Esbeck, ‘A Religious Organization’s Autonomy in Matters of Self-Governance: Hosanna-Tabor and the First Amendment’, Engage 13 (2012); Douglas Laycock, ‘Church Autonomy Revisited’, The Georgetown Journal of Law and Public Policy 7 (2008): 253-78; Douglas Laycock, ‘Towards a General Theory of the Religion Clauses: The Case of Church Labor Relations and the Right to Church Autonomy’, Columbia Law Review 81 (1981): 1373-1417. See also the Church Autonomy Conference, Brigham Young Law Review 2004/4 (2004). ‘The Church’, the dominant trope in Chief Justice Robert’s opinion, is seen as a corporate body, autonomous vis-à-vis secular government, and uniquely entitled to ‘accommodation’ – i.e., privileges and immunities from public law, deference to its internal hierarchies, authority, law-making and governance over persons and subject matters in its remit.32xSee Clark, ‘Religions as Sovereigns’.
1.2 Freedom of religion for for-profit corporations
The Court had never addressed religious exercise claims of for-profit corporations. In Burwell v. Hobby Lobby Stores, Inc.,33x573 U.S. (2014) (slip op.). it therefore first had to decide the threshold question of whether for-profit corporations qualify as ‘persons’ with free exercise rights under the law.34xThey have long qualified as persons under constitutional law for certain purposes. At issue here are religious freedom claims under RFRA. See, e.g., Joshua Barkan, Corporate Sovereignty: Law and Government under Capitalism (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2013), 67-82. At issue are regulations promulgated by the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act passed by Congress in 2010 (ACA), which requires employers’ group health plans to furnish preventive care and screenings for women without any cost sharing requirements, including coverage for the twenty contraceptive methods approved by the Food and Drug administration.35xHobby Lobby, 573 U.S. at 1-2 (syllabus). The ACA exempted religious institutions – churches – from the contraceptive mandate. HHS went further, accommodating religious non-profit organizations with religious objections to providing contraceptive coverage by requiring that the relevant insurance issuer exclude contraceptive coverage from the employer’s plan and offer plan participants separate payments for contraceptive services with no added cost sharing to the employer or employee.36xIbid. ‘Eligible organizations’ for this accommodation by HHS are any non-profit that ‘holds itself out as a religious organization’ and ‘opposes coverage for some of all of any contraceptive services required to be covered…on account of religious objections’.37xIbid., 9. To qualify for this accommodation, the employer must certify that it is such an organization. The question in Hobby Lobby was whether for-profit business corporations might also qualify for a religious exemption under the Religious Freedom Restoration Act (‘RFRA’) and indirectly, the First Amendment. Having decided the threshold question in the affirmative, the Court then had to go through the RFRA formula to assess whether the law substantially burdens religious exercise of the relevant persons and, if so, whether it used the least restrictive means in furthering a compelling state interest. The obvious clash here is between the religious interests of the controlling stockholders of these corporations and their women employees’ rights to health care, gender equality, and religious freedom. Note that the petitioners, three for-profit corporations, are neither religious membership organizations nor affiliated with any church.38xHobby Lobby is a nationwide chain comprised of 500 stores and more than 13,000 employees. It is organized as a for-profit corporation under Oklahoma law. Mardel is a for-profit corporation under Oklahoma law, operating 35 bookstores employing nearly 400 people. Both are ‘family businesses’ owned and operated by the Greens and their children. Ibid., 13-14. Conestoga Wood Specialties is a for-profit business organized as a corporation under Pennsylvania law and is owned by the Hahns. Ibid., 11-12. Nevertheless, the Court ruled that for ‘closely-held’ corporations, the HHS regulations imposing the contraceptive mandate violate RFRA.
The controlling stockholders of all three corporations believe that life begins at conception and that it would violate their religion to facilitate access to contraceptive drugs or devices that operate after that point.39xIbid., 14-15. The petitioners are religious ‘integralist’ seeking to live all aspects of their life (personal, religions, work related, etc.) under their religious law. They invoked their religious freedom under RFRA, arguing transitivity onto the corporation itself. Yet the point of incorporating a business is to set up an autonomous entity legally distinct from its stockholders. It provides advantages like limited liability and a corporate veil that separates the rights and obligations of the incorporators from the corporate entity itself. The petitioners, however, want to have it both ways: to retain the economic advantages of the corporate veil while also piercing it for their personal religious purposes, ascribing their individual free exercise rights to the autonomous corporate entity.
The ascription of legal personhood and constitutionally protected rights to corporations is not new.40xBarkan, Corporate Sovereignty. But while they may be legal persons for certain constitutional purposes, it is a radical step to deem for-profit business corporations persons capable of exercising religion. This standing issue was thus a key conundrum facing the Court. HHS argued that companies could not sue under RFRA because they are for-profit corporations and that the owners cannot sue because the regulations apply only to the companies and not to the owners as individuals.41xHobby Lobby, 573 U.S. at 16. The religious freedom of the owners of the for-profit corporations is not at stake and the latter, although deemed persons under the law for certain purposes, do not have free exercise rights of their own. The Court maintained that such a stance would leave people with a difficult choice: either give up the right to seek judicial protection of their religious liberty or forgo the benefits of operating as corporations.42xIbid., 17. It ruled that corporate personhood does not bar the religious from operating the business corporations and the corporate funds they control in ways congruent with their religion. Just which conception of the corporate personality is doing the work in this decision is thus well worth reflecting upon. I argue that a political theological conception of the corporate underlies both this and the Hosanna-Tabor rulings.
The second conundrum involved the questions of whether the law imposed a substantial burden on the relevant persons’ freedom to exercise their religion, whether it furthers a compelling government interest, and whether the law used the least restrictive means in fulfilling that purpose. But here too the question of which persons are relevant in the assessment and whose rights are at stake and at risk of being unconstitutionally burdened arises. The free exercise rights of ‘owners’ of the corporation, and/or the rights ascribed to the corporate person, seem pitted against the rights of its female employees – to health care and to religious freedom. Does the decision not in favour of the corporation’s stockholding family put employees to an even more difficult choice: either to forgo their jobs or forgo access to health care coverage of their reproductive choices to which they have every right? Is it not a slight of hand to treat for-profit corporations as if they were religious associations? Again much seems to turn on the conception of the corporation doing the work here.
John Dewey argued long ago that neither the legal concept of corporate personhood, nor the particular conception of the personality of the corporation that one imports into the law on their own, determine the scope of corporate powers.43xJohn Dewey, ‘The Historic Background of Corporate Legal Personality’, Yale Law Journal 35 (1926): 655-73. There are conflicting conceptions of corporate personhood, but none are dispositive regarding corporate rights: the nature and scope of corporate prerogatives, privileges, and powers is a political issue, not one of legal form.44xIbid., 656, 663-4, 669. Nevertheless, indeterminacy does not mean that there is no strategic use of concepts on the part of jurists, or that there is not an elective affinity between a particular conception and particular doctrinal outcomes…on the contrary.45xSee Morton J. Horwitz, ‘Santa Clara Revisited: The Development of Corporate Theory’, West Virginia Law Review 88 (1985): 223-4. While the context does constrain the utility of specific conceptions, these conceptions may also have intrinsic limits and their own if thin normative purchase.46xSee James D. Nelson, ‘Conscience, Incorporated’, Michigan State Law Review (2013): 1573. To see what is really doing the work here, it is thus well worth looking into the conception of the corporate person deployed in the majority opinion and in the dissent and then reflecting on the unstated conceptions of the corporate and of sovereignty imported into both.
According to Justice Alito’s majority opinion, for-profit corporations qualify as ‘persons’ enjoying the freedom of religion protections articulated in RFRA and, by extension, the First Amendment. But since corporations have no conscience, beliefs, or feelings, it seems counter-intuitive that they could either exercise religion or have their religious freedom unduly restricted by law. Justice Alito resolves this dilemma by (1) apparently relying on a ‘nexus of contracts’ conception of the corporation; (2) stressing the ‘closely held’ character of the corporations at issue in this case; and (3) disputing any constitutive difference between non- and for-profit corporations regarding religious exercise.
The ‘nexus of contracts’ theory of corporate personhood holds that the corporation is a network of reciprocal agreements among private individuals who collaborate to pursue a common goal along with their individual purposes and interests. The hierarchical decision structure typical of most corporations serves a coordination function relieving people from the burden of having to bargain continuously over day-to-day decisions, thereby reducing the transaction costs of shareholders and executives.47xKate Jackson points out in ‘More Taliban than Torquemada: Illiberal Implications of Hobby Lobby’s Right to Free Exercise’, (Thesis, Columbia University, 2014): 3 n. 4 (ms. on file with author), that these default rules contain provisions that favor executives and shareholders by reducing their respective collective action costs. They decline to do the same for employees. Corporations are seen as ‘voluntary associations’ of individuals who contractually participate in them and thereby ‘consent’ to their governance structures. Yet they are nonetheless deemed legal persons insofar as they own property, may contract, sue and be sued in court as a unitary entity. As a legal person, and as a contracting individual, the corporation is distinct from its shareholders who thus gain the advantages of limited liability, asset lock-in and entity shielding. This is what distinguishes the corporation from a partnership or other groupings.48xDavid Ciepley, ‘Neither Persons nor Associations: Against Constitutional Rights for Corporations’, Journal of Law and Courts 1 (Fall 2013): 228. See also Horwitz, ‘Santa Clara Revisited’ and Turkuler Isiksel, ‘The Rights of Man and the Rights of the Man-Made: Corporations and Human rights’, paper presented at the American Political Science Association Annual Meeting, Washington, D.C., August 28-31, 2014: 22 (ms. on file with author). Nevertheless, on the aggregate ‘nexus of contracts’ vision of the corporation, its personhood is in certain respects nominalist: accordingly the rights and duties of the incorporated association are in reality the rights and duties of the persons who compose it.
It is clear that Justice Alito’s majority opinion in Hobby Lobby tries to rely on this conception of corporate personhood. He notes that a corporation is simply a form of organization used by human beings to achieve desired ends.49xHobby Lobby, 573 US. at 18; Dictionary Act, 1 U.S.C. § 1. Corporations are deemed persons by statutory and constitutional law, but it is ‘important to keep in mind that the purpose of this fiction is to provide protection for human beings’.50xIbid. Justice Alito notes that RFRA included corporations within its definition of ‘persons’, stating that ‘[a]n established body of law specifies the rights and obligations of the people (including shareholders, officers, and employees) who are associated with a corporation…When rights, constitutional or statutory, are extended to corporations, the purpose is to protect the rights of these people’.51xIbid. In response to the Third Circuit’s statement that general business corporations do not exercise religion since, separate from the individual owners or employees, they do not pray, worship, or observe sacraments, and hence they have no RFRA rights, Justice Alito observed that separate and apart from the human beings who own, run and are employed by them, corporations cannot do anything at all.52xIbid., 18-19.
He also stresses the fact that the corporations at issue are ‘closely held’ family businesses both in order to strengthen the transitivity claim and to limit the scope of the decision to conjure the risk of myriad freedom of religion exemption claims by for-profit corporations. Accordingly, the corporations’ personhood as interpreted on the nexus of contracts approach does not conflict with the claim that it is the religious freedom of the stockholders/executives that is at issue because the latter consist of a small number of family members who control the voting shares and direction of the respective corporations.
That these are for-profit corporations is dismissed as non-dispositive. It cannot be the corporate form per se that militates against ascribing RFRA protection to corporate persons, because non-profit corporations receive it. The Court also rejects the Dissent’s argument, ‘…that non-profit corporations are special because furthering their religious ‘autonomy’…often furthers individual religious freedom as well’.53xIbid., 21. Justice Alito maintains that this principle applies equally to for-profit corporations: ‘Furthering their religious freedom also furthers individual religious freedom’.54xIbid. That the HSS exemption for non-profit corporations holding themselves out to be religious might have been a mistake and a legal error as I believe, is never addressed by the Justices. Since the owners of these ‘closely held’ corporations seek to perpetuate their religious values and operate them in the manner that reflects their religious heritage, the Court sees no distinction between non- and for-profit corporations that makes a relevant legal difference. It is tautological, he notes, that for-profit corporations are profit seeking. They may have other charitable and religious aims, thus drawing a sharp line between for- and non-profit corporations is misleading.
The rest of the opinion pursues the RFRA formula. It argues that non-compliance with the HHS mandate could have serious economic consequences for the Hahns and the Greens (the controlling stockholders) and thus the mandate seriously burdens their religious exercise. To comply, they would have to facilitate actions on the part of their women employees who exercise the right to use the ‘objectionable’ forms of contraception.55xIbid., 36. Justice Alito is willing to assume that the contraceptive mandate serves a compelling interest in ensuring that all women have access to all FDA-approved contraceptives without cost sharing.56xIbid., 39-40 (note that Justice Alito puts ‘gender equality’ and ‘public health’, the terms of the HSS mandate, in scare quotes). But on balance the religious freedom of the stockholders trumps.57xBecause the government could have assumed the cost of the four contraceptives, it allegedly did not use the ‘least restrictive means’ required under RFRA. Yet it is not up to courts to devise governmental programs. Thanks to the decision the employees now have no coverage for the relevant contraceptives.
As Justice Ginsberg intimates in her sharp dissent, the Court’s reliance on the nexus of contracts theory is at best misleading, not least because it fails to account for why the religions of workers are not similarly transposed onto the corporation.58xNo statutory incorporation law states that shareholders ‘own’ the corporation. It is debated whether stockholders ‘own’ the corporation and questionable whether they have a superior claim over employees when it comes to transposing their interests. Justice Ginsberg relies on a different conception of the corporation – the concession theory.59xSee Horwitz, ‘Santa Clara Revisited’, 173, 181 and Dewey, ‘The Historic Background of Corporate Legal Personality’, 666-8. She cites former Chief Justice Marshall: ‘…a corporation is an artificial being, invisible, intangible and existing only in contemplation of law’.60xHobby Lobby, 573 U.S. at 14 (Ginsburg, J., dissenting); Trustees of Dartmouth College v. Woodward, 17 U.S. 518 (1819). Accordingly, as ‘mere creatures of the law’ corporations have only those rights and attributes of legal personhood that the state through its laws of incorporation chooses to grant. To be sure, the concession theory dominant in American law prior to the second part of the nineteenth century referred to corporate charters granted by the states to specific groups of individuals to serve public, and not only private purposes.61xBarkan, Corporate Sovereignty, 19-39. Corporations on this model are brought into existence at the behest of the sovereign; their powers, including governance privileges, are delegated.62xParaphrasing Barkan, Corporate Sovereignty, 52.
With the late nineteenth century’s general incorporation statutes, the conception of the corporation as a quasi-public entity created through particularized sovereign grants for public purposes lost its prominence.63xBarkan, Corporate Sovereignty, 28-57 discussing privatization of the corporation after general incorporation statutes ended the use of charters as regulatory tools. But general incorporation statues for churches in the early nineteenth century went together with intrusive state regulation of self-regulation for public purposes. See Sarah Gordon, ‘The Place of the Faith: Religion and Property in American History’, paper presented at the Institute for Religion, Law & Public Life Lecture Series, Columbia University, November 14, 2014 (ms. on file with author). Nevertheless, the concession theory continues to be invoked in judicial doctrine to indicate that no matter how easy the process, it is still through state law that a corporation gains legal status, rights, and legal personality.64xCiepley, ‘Neither Persons nor Associations’, 238-41. The concession theory, like the nexus of contracts conception, construes corporate personality as a legal fiction. But on the former approach there can be no transposition of the rights of natural persons onto the corporate body. Justice Ginsburg thus invokes the concession theory to argue that the exercise of religion is characteristic of natural persons, not artificial legal entities, explaining the lack of precedent for ascribing religious freedom to for-profit corporations.65xHobby Lobby, 573 U.S. at 14 (Ginsburg, J., dissenting).
But, what about religious accommodations of non-profit corporations? The Majority made much of this, inferring that it thus cannot be the corporate form itself that precludes accommodation. However, a crucial distinction is elided here, one which ‘constantly escapes the Court’s attention’, namely ‘between a community made up of believers in the same religion and one embracing persons of diverse beliefs’.66xIbid., 17. Churches and non-profit religion-based organizations received accommodations not because they are non-profits, but because they are the affiliates of religious membership associations. For many, religious activity derives meaning from participating in a religious membership community, and in collective rituals. In such contexts, protecting the groups’ religious exercise does further individual religious freedom. Accordingly, a religious organization’s right to free exercise of religion arises from the interests of associated individual members. Crucially, religious associations exist to foster the interests of persons subscribing to the same religious faith, even if they do religious charitable work that helps others. The decisive feature of religious associations is thus not that they may also be organized as non-profit corporations, but that they are religious entities, existing to serve a community of believers.67xIbid.,15-17 None of this holds true of for-profit corporations. Workers sustaining their operations are not drawn from one religious community. Indeed, by law no religion-based criteria can restrict the work force of business corporations!68xIbid., 16-17. Hobby Lobby and Conestoga would not be permitted to hire only persons who share the religious beliefs of their owners, the Greens or the Hahns. The point is that churches, religious institutions, and affiliated non-profits are protected by RFRA and the First Amendment not due to their non-profit, corporate character, but rather due to their features as religious membership bodies.
Indeed, recognition of the discrete characters of ecclesiastical and lay corporations dates back to Blackstone.69xIbid., 18. As for the claim that closely held corporations are like sole proprietorships such as a kosher butcher who seeks to run the business in accord with his religious beliefs and is thus worthy of accommodation regarding Sunday closing laws, Justice Ginsburg insists that by incorporating a business, an individual separates herself from the entity and escapes personal responsibility for the entity’s obligations.70xIbid., 14 n. 13. ‘Closely held’ is not synonymous with ‘small’, as proven by the size of Hobby Lobby, a chain store conglomerate with over 13,000 employees!71xIbid., 19. The actions of third parties (employees) exercising their rights under civil law are not attributable to the controlling stockholders of the corporation and the latter have no plausible claim to have their external preferences (preferences about what others do with their salaries and insurance benefits) accommodated by the state.
Indeed, with respect to balancing required by RFRA, the dissent disputes that a substantial burden is placed on Hobby Lobby since they are not required to pay directly for contraceptives but to direct money into undifferentiated funds financing a variety of benefits. The decision whether to claim particular benefits is made by the covered employees. The latter may not share the religious beliefs of the Greens or the Hahns and it is their autonomous choice, not that of the stockholders, as to how to use their health insurance benefits. Moreover, and crucially, no prior decision under RFRA allows a religion-based exemption when the accommodation would be harmful to others – here, the very persons the contraceptive coverage requirement was designed to protect.72xIbid., 27. Yet granting a religion-based exemption to a commercial employer would operate to impose the employer’s religious faith on the employees – just what the establishment clause is designed to prevent.73xIbid., 32 (citing United States v. Lee, 455 U. S. 252, 259 (1982)). The compelling interest of the state in women employees’ health (not to mention their own freedom of religion regarding the choice of contraception) should trump the highly attenuated ‘burden’ on the Hahns and the Greens.74xIbid., 26-30.
The Dissent’s focus on the employees of the for-profit corporation apparently strengthens the dis-analogy with religious non-profits because they are clearly not members in the relevant sense of a religious association. Their affiliation with the corporation is a matter of wage earning and employment, not a statement of religious belief or identification with the religious purposes of the corporation’s stockholders.75xFor a theory of conscience, membership, affiliation and association that might justify certain accommodations see Nelson, ‘Conscience, Incorporated.’ Thus there is a ‘special solicitude generally accorded non-profit religion-based organizations that exist to serve a community of believers, solicitude never before accorded to commercial enterprises comprising employees of diverse faiths’.76xHobby Lobby, 573 U.S. at 29 (Ginsburg, J., dissenting). Accordingly the exemption afforded to religious non-profits should not be extended to for-profit corporations because one cannot align business corporations with religion-based organizations.
Clearly, the Dissent is also using concepts strategically. For the conception of the corporation, it deploys is indeterminate regarding the rights that supposedly follow from it.77xDewey, ‘The Historic Background of Corporate Legal Personality’, 666-9. Under the concession theory, the corporation is just a legal construct via which the state constitutes and endows a collective entity with rights and duties. The theory is indifferent regarding the independent reality of a collective body or group yet it must insist that as a corporate entity, it and its legal powers and prerogatives are derived.78xIbid., 667 This means that incorporation statutes could include religious accommodation, among the rights and privileges ascribed to corporations. The fact that this has not been done for for-profit corporations does not mean, that it could not be done.
But there is a deeper problem with the Dissent’s approach. Much of Justice Ginsburg’s argument turns on the distinctiveness of religious organizations that serve a community of believers.79xHobby Lobby, 573 U.S. at 18 (Ginsburg, J., dissenting). She cites the Court’s ‘special solicitude to the rights of religious organizations’ reiterated in Hosanna-Tabor.80xIbid., 15. Her point is that religious associations are, from the state’s perspective, voluntary membership organizations. The exemptions granted to religious non-profits derive from the religious community they serve, not from their secular non-profit corporate status. But she does not tell us what makes religious associations so special as compared with other voluntary membership associations that they merit unique legal treatment. Nor does she worry about the distinction between churches – religious membership entities par excellence – and non-profit organizations owned by them – old age homes, gymnasiums, hospitals, schools, drug treatment centres, universities. The latter are not membership organizations and they too employ and serve many who do not belong to the church with which the entity is affiliated. Instead of questioning the ACA’s exemption for non-profit organizations that are not churches, Justice Ginsburg signed on to the reasoning in Hosanna-Tabor. She also apparently concurs with the Court’s accommodation in the 1987 Amos case. Supposedly there too ‘furtherance of the autonomy of religious organizations often furthers individual religious freedom as well’.81xIbid., citing Corporation of Presiding Bishop of Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints v. Amos, 483 U. S. 327, 342 (1987) (Brennan, J., concurring in judgment). But, both of these cases involved clear harm to others, namely, to the dismissed employees. Given Justice Ginsburg’s concern to distinguish between religious non-profits and for-profit business corporations, so as to rebut the Court’s opinion in Hobby Lobby, her inattention to the deeper issue regarding the distinction between religious and secular non-profits is perhaps understandable. But for us, this is where the questioning must begin.
The concession theory cannot help us here. Instead, it points away from acknowledging the ‘special character of religious/ecclesiastical corporations’. As Dewey notes, the concession theory was ‘essentially the product of the rise of the national state, with its centralizing tendencies and its objection to imperia in imperia at a time when religious congregations and organizations of feudal origin (communes and guilds) were rivals of the claim of the national state to complete sovereignty’.82xDewey, ‘The Historic Background of Corporate Legal Personality’, 666. The practical motivation of original concession theory and its periodic revivals has always been to deny an independent ground for this-worldly corporate (religious or any other) jurisdiction, privileges or immunities other than state law and to reject claims to unregulated self-governance prerogatives. From the perspective of the liberal democratic civil state, the corporation in its various forms always presented the problem of how to check the tendency of group action to undermine the liberty of the individual or to rival the public purposes and political power of the state.83xIbid., 667 (citing Ernst Freund, ‘Historical Jurisprudence in Germany’, Political Science Quarterly 5 (1890)).
The allegedly unique quality of religious association is thus not derivable either from the concession theory or from the nexus of contacts approach. It does however seem to go well with the third theory of corporate personality in the literature, the ‘real entity theory’. Devised to challenge the concession doctrine, this theory holds that corporations must be seen as groupings that arise independently from the state and yet are real, irreducible to the individuals constituting and composing them.84xThis conception was imported into the US by pro-business theorists. See Horowitz, ‘Santa Clara Revisited’. The first US Supreme Court case to use real entity theory was Hale v. Henkel, 201 U.S. 43 (1906). Corporate personality is sui generis – irreducible to and autonomous from the personhood of the individuals comprising corporate associations – and it deserves state recognition. The corporation endures over time while individuals associated with it change or die; corporations are autonomous, self-sufficient and self-renewing agents with purposes and functions of their own. Accordingly, the real entity theory avoids the dilemma inherent in Justice Alito’s nexus of contracts approach in Hobby Lobby, which identifies corporate rights with the rights of their members jeopardizing the distinctiveness of corporate rights not enjoyed by natural persons. By the same token, it construes corporations as agents, persons capable of holding constitutional rights against government, which is hard to argue for on the concession theory.85xRon Harris, ‘The Transplantation of the Legal Discourse on Corporate Personality Theories: From German Codification to British Political Pluralism and American Big Business’, Washington & Lee Law Review 63(4) (2006): 1421-78 at 1473.
There is no need to impute a metaphysical doctrine of group spirit to the real entity theory of the corporation. Easy incorporation rules implicitly acknowledge the civil associative impulse while insistence on its ‘real’ personality could mean that under law, certain legal rights, exemptions and agency are ascribed to the incorporated association rather than to the incorporators. Indeed, over time, important constitutional protections were extended to ‘corporate persons’ in the US86xSometimes invoking real entity theory as the justification. See Horwitz, ‘Santa Clara Revisited’,175, 222. Nevertheless, the real entity theory does not tell us which constitutional rights should be ascribed to the entity.87xNelson, ‘Conscience, Incorporated’, 1573. While corporations may be legal and constitutional persons for some purposes, they may not be for others. They certainly do not enjoy all the constitutional rights of natural persons. Moreover, the real entity theory cannot tell us why the corporate religious are deemed so special and unique that they merit blanket exemptions from generally valid law and a mode of deference to internal autonomy that no other corporate entity (for-or non-profit) or voluntary association enjoys.
When they impinge directly on the rights of identifiable third parties and harm them, we must rethink the basis of blanket claims to exemption, framed in terms of the autonomy of religious conscience, integralist conceptions of ethical integrity or corporate religious self-governance. Why should religious freedom rights trump rights to non-discrimination on the basis of gender or age, or secure immunity from the jurisdiction of labour law enforcement?88xNLRB v. Catholic Bishop of Chicago 440 US 490 (1979) denying the National Labor Relations Board jurisdiction to certify unions to collectively bargain for lay teachers of secular subjects in religious schools. None of the available secular theories of the corporate compel or account for this doctrinal result.89xSee the debate over indeterminacy of corporate concepts between Dewey, ‘The Historic Background of Corporate Legal Personality’, 669-70 and Horwitz, ‘Santa Clara Revisited’, 224. Thus, we must reflect anew on the non-legal conception of the corporate underlying the Court’s opinions and what it logically entails regarding jurisdiction as well as justice.90xSee Nelson, ‘Conscience, Incorporated’, 1573; Dewey, ‘The Historic Background of Corporate Legal Personality’. The real entity theory is not invoked in Hobby Lobby or in Hosanna-Tabor. But it is my thesis that a particular political theological version of that theory pertaining to the corporate religious is doing the work regarding the unique deference to church autonomy in Hosanna-Tabor, and to the integralist religious claims of the controlling stockholders in Hobby Lobby.
2 Why accommodate religion?
Recall that the ‘accommodation’ claims do not contest the constitutionality of a general law, but its applicability to religious groups. What justifies blanket exemptions from valid law? A key player in First Amendment jurisprudence, Michael McConnell, advanced the main arguments some time ago and has been refining them ever since, exerting much influence on the Court and on fellow jurisprudes.91xMcConnell, ‘Accommodation of Religion’; see, e.g., Brief for the Petitioner, Hosanna-Tabor, (filed June 2011) (submitted, in part, by Douglas Laycock) (available online at <www.americanbar.org/content/dam/aba/publishing/previewbriefs/Other_Brief_Updates/10-553_petitioner.authcheckdam.pdf>); Perry Dane, ‘The Varieties of Religious Autonomy’, in Church Autonomy: A Comparative Survey, ed. Gerhard Robbers (New York: Peter Lang, 2001) (cited by Brief for Amicus Curiae International Center for Law and Religion Studies at Brigham Young University in Support of Petitioner, Hosanna-Tabor, (submitted by Elizabath A. Clark, among others) (available online at <www.americanbar.org/content/dam/aba/publishing/previewbriefs/Other_Brief_Updates/10-553_petitioneramcuintlcenterforlawandrelstudies.authcheckdam.pdf>)). As he notes, accommodation claims turn on the assumption that religion is special and unique. He gives us three reasons. First, there’s the special status the First Amendment itself bestows on religion. Though the Constitution does not say exemptions are mandatory or even allowed, McConnell interprets it that way.92xSee McConnell, ‘Accommodation of Religion: An Update’, 722. See also McConnell, ‘The Origins and Historical Understanding of the Free Exercise of Religion’, arguing that originally the Free Exercise Clause exempted individuals from civil laws to which they had religious objections if their non compliance was peaceful. For a rebuttal, see Phillip Hamburger, ‘A Constitutional Right of Religious Exemption: an Historical Perspective’, The George Washington Law Review 60 (1992): 932, arguing that even when Americans believed religious freedom was based on a higher authority than civil government, they did not conclude that this entailed an exemption from civil laws, nor that such exemptions were constitutionally required.
Second, religious pluralism and liberty are among the core commitments of a liberal constitutional republic. Indeed, the American polity, he insists, is ‘not secular but pluralistic’.93xMcConnell, ‘Accommodation of Religion’, 14 and Michael W. McConnell, ‘Believers as Equal Citizens’, in Obligations of Citizenship, ed. Nancy L. Rosenblum (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2000), 103. In the former he states, ‘…the nation is understood not as secular but as pluralistic’. But in the latter and later piece it is the American state, not the nation that is to be seen as religiously pluralist rather than secular, a far more contentious idea. The pluralist model rejects the assumption that the polity is based on secular (i.e.,) relativist Enlightenment values or that secularism is a neutral position.94xMcConnell, ‘Believers as Equal Citizens’, 103-4, eliding the distinction between political and comprehensive secularism. See Rajeev Bhargava, ‘Political Secularism’, in The Oxford Handbook of Political Theory, eds. John S. Dryzek, Bonnie Honig, and Anne Phillips (Cambridge: Oxford University Press, 2008), 636-53 and Jean L. Cohen, ‘Rethinking Political Secularism and the American Model of Constitutional Dualism’, in Religion, Secularism and Constitutional Democracy, eds. Jean L. Cohen and Cecile Laborde (New York: Columbia University Press, forthcoming). Moreover, McConnell insists that liberalism itself entails the value of religious plurality and the American Constitution’s religion clauses embody the logic of limited government dear to liberalism.95xMcConnell, ‘Accommodation of Religion’, 14. The animating purpose of American pluralist constitutionalism is thus to enable people of all religious persuasions to be citizens of the commonwealth with the least possible violence to their religious convictions. If this requires accommodation through relaxation of the general rules of society, it is worth the price.96xMcConnell, ‘Believers as Equal Citizens’, 103. In the epoch of the regulatory state, religious exemptions from civil law become all the more necessary for the protection of these liberal values.97xAs does funding of religion for fairness reasons, at least according to McConnell. Michael W. McConnell, ‘Religion and its Relation to Limited Government’, Harvard Journal of Law & Public Policy 33 (2010): 943-52. Since liberalism is a regime of fair procedures, the non-perfectionist liberal state must leave the development of morals and conceptions of the good to citizens’ associations. It is not hard to guess which associations he has in mind.
Yet the heart of the matter lies elsewhere for pluralist accommodation-ists. The third reason religion requires unique constitutional treatment is this: ‘…while unable to establish a national religion, the liberal state also cannot reject in principle the possibility that a religion may be true; and if true, religious claims are of a higher order than anything in statecraft’.98xMcConnell, ‘Accommodation of Religion’, 15. In short, religious claims – if true – are prior to and of greater dignity than the claims of the state.99xIbid., 15 ‘If there is a God, His authority necessarily transcends the authority of nations; that, in part, is what we mean by God’. To deem the state’s authority supreme is to deny the possibility that a transcendent authority could exist. Religious claims are thus special both because the state is constitutionally disabled from disputing their truth and because it cannot categorically deny the authority on which such a claim rests!100xThe idea of a higher authority and government incompetence regarding religious truth is not restricted to monotheism or ‘Western’ religions argues Michael W. McConnell, ‘The Problem of Singling out Religion’, DePaul Law Review 50 (2000): 23.
To be sure, the epistemic argument regarding government’s incompetence to judge the truth of religion does not make the latter unique: the same could be said for scientific truth or for aesthetic judgments, as McConnell himself acknowledges.101xIbid. Nor does it compel accommodation. McConnell notes that the incompetence of the magistrate regarding religious truth was originally coupled with an individualist premise hailing from Protestantism positing the conscience of the individual as sacrosanct in religious matters, culminating in the constitutional bargain that forbade government from establishing any form of religious orthodoxy. This singles out religion and sets it apart in a way that no other worldview is set apart.102xIbid. But this does not involve an epistemic claim regarding the autonomy of individual reason. McConnell is quick to note that this apparently individualist argument is premised on a more basic assumption, namely that ‘religious freedom was not merely a matter of personal autonomy, but rather, arose from the duty of each individual to worship God in accordance with the dictates of conscience’.103xIbid. He draws the conclusion that ‘freedom of religion’ is thus not a claim of the autonomy of individual conscience, but rather for an allocation of authority between two jurisdictions: the earthly and the divine. Attempts to coerce religion are an ‘invasion of God’s prerogative’.104xIbid., 29. It is true that not everyone believes in god, but no matter, belief in the reality of god is not necessary to the argument about the special character of religion. One merely needs to accept conditionally that if there is a god, this idea can be revealed only through the conviction and conscience of the individual and not through the dictates of the state.105xIbid., 30.
There’s more. This jurisdictional premise is deemed to be the ground of liberal constitutionalism’s commitment to the separation of church and state and to accommodation. Reference to a higher authority explains why religious commitments are unique and why the state must refrain from interfering in the governance, or religious requirements/observance, of religious groups and individuals. In short, ‘the principle allegedly underlying the First Amendment is that the freedom to carry out one’s duties to God is an inalienable right, not one dependent on the grace of the legislature’.106xMcConnell, ‘Accommodation of Religion: An Update’, 692. This applies both to freedom of individual conscience and to institutional Church autonomy. At issue is the unique un-free freedom of the religious who are obligated by another and higher authority to live and practice their community’s religious law and duties. ‘The essential point is that religious believers have an allegiance to an authority outside the commonwealth’.107xMy emphasis. McConnell, ‘Believers as Equal Citizens’, 91. It is this that leads to ‘citizenship ambiguity’ (conflicting loyalties) for the religious and demands for accommodation as a requirement of equal citizenship. While he notes that Christianity ‘…gave men two legislative orders, two rulers, two homelands…and puts them under two contradictory obligations…’ he is careful to insist that citizenship ambiguity is not an oddity of Christian doctrine but is present in any religion that recognizes a divine or transcendent normative authority.108xIbid., 92.
McConnell is not alone in tying religious freedom, pluralism, and accommodation to a strong jurisdictional sovereignty claim. Steven D. Smith also maintains that the principles of religious freedom, and separation between the religious and the secular, so basic to modern liberal constitutionalism, have their genesis and ground in the old ‘two-realm’ theory of distinct jurisdictional domains divided between two autonomous corporate entities – Church (pope) and State (king).109xSmith, The Disenchantment of Secular Discourse, 113, 115. See also Perry Dane, ‘The Maps of Sovereignty: A Meditation’, Cardozo Law Rev 21 (1991), arguing that sovereign status of religious communities and plural legal jurisdictions is presupposed by the First Amendment religion clauses but that the latter is not the source of religion’s sovereignty. The competing sovereignty claims and the inability of religious or secular rulers to wholly dominate the other is what allegedly led to a fruitful legal pluralism, providing the terrain on which the idea of autonomous group rights could emerge. This is also allegedly the main ground of modern constitutionalism and liberal rights.110xIbid., 116. See also Brian Tierney, Religion, Law and the Growth of Constitutional Thought (Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 1982), 1150-650 and Harold J. Berman, Law and Revolution: The Formation of the Western Legal Tradition (Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1983). The latter limit state sovereignty and, hence, protect liberty. While the Protestant Reformation transformed the meaning of ‘the church’ into the priesthood of all believers, dispensing with the corporate ecclesiastical hierarchy, the church community is still the medium (corps) through which the word of God is preached. There was thus a shift in rather than a break from the idea of freedom of religion. As Smith puts it: ‘the medieval commitment…to keeping the church independent of secular jurisdiction, was partially rerouted into a commitment to keeping individual conscience free from secular control’.111xSmith, The Disenchantment of Secular Discourse, 123. Moreover, ‘the medieval slogan, ‘libertas ecclesiae,’ begat the modern ‘freedom of conscience’’.112xIbid. To be sure, in the aftermath of the religious wars, the Peace of Augsburg and Westphalian treaties, cuius regio eius religio became the new European norm, with monarchs establishing and controlling religion via their claim to absolute sovereignty and jurisdiction within their realm. Nevertheless, toleration was embraced as prudent and later principled state policy, justified by a conception of liberty of conscience that framed religious belief, dogma and ritual as non-cognizable by the state. Liberty of conscience and of ‘the church’ – now seen as a voluntary association of believers – is thus construed as a ‘corporate’ sovereignty claim. At stake is a domain under the autonomous dominion of the lord of conscience, Christ, the authoritative source for the obligations and laws orienting religious conscience. Accordingly, Smith maintains that there is both a generative connection and a jurisdictional cast to the liberty of conscience tradition undergirding the US constitution’s First Amendment. This tradition, too, apparently entails the idea of the church as a corporate community – a community in Christ, under his rightful sovereign dominion which the state may not invade and over which it has no jurisdiction.113xIbid.
We can now see more clearly just what conception of the corporate religious (and of pluralism) is being resurrected in contemporary legal theory and informing Court jurisprudence. We can also grasp what the real stakes are in the attacks on political/legal secularism. I have claimed that a ‘political theological’ conception of the corporate community is doing the work in both Court decisions discussed above and that it is the conceptual core of the jurisdictional pluralist accommodation-ist arguments. By invoking the old two realm theory and deriving the idea of freedom of religious conscience (or ethical integrity) from the autonomy of the corporate religious community, today’s religious pluralists and the Court in Hosanna-Tabor, are reviving medieval political theological doctrines of the corporation and of sovereignty first developed in the aftermath of the Papal Revolution of the late eleventh and twelfth centuries.114xSee Berman, Law and Revolution, and Ernst Kantorowitz, The King’s Two Bodies: A Study in Medieval Political Theology (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1957). As is well known, canonists gave the claim of ‘libertas ecclesia’ a legal basis by adapting the concept of the corporation, (universitas) from Roman law and applying it to the church so as to construe the latter as an autonomous self-governing unified body. But, they did so by theologizing the originally secular, Roman law concept.115xKantorowitz, The King’s Two Bodies, 193-232; Otto Gierke, Associations and Law (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1977), 144-51. Accordingly, church autonomy and prerogatives do not stem, as under Roman law, from a state grant, but from the membership of all Christians in the mystical body (corpus mysticum) of Christ. As a mystical body or person, the corpus/universitas, which is the church, gains its unity, its authority, its jurisdiction (the right to say, make the law) and its governance prerogatives from Christ and God. The pre-existing Christian community of faith and loyalty was construed as a corporate body which for the canonists grounded the separate legal identity of the church under the papacy, the supremacy of the papacy over the entire clergy as well as clerical independence from the secular branch of society.116xBerman, Law and Revolution, 51, 95.
The idea of the two natures of Christ, one divine and one human, is not new. The former nature is, of course, deemed the eternal ‘real body’ of Christ in which all Christians partake during the eucharist, distinct from Christ’s natural individual body that dies. But the concept of the mystical body of the church as a corporation exercising this-worldly powers over its members (all Christians) was, in the aftermath of the Papal Revolution, premised on a new sociological distinction between an individual and a collective body, the first being Christ himself, the second a (collective) body of which he is the head.117xKantorowitz, The King’s Two Bodies, 198. This mystical conception of the church as a corporation, i.e., as a body and unity, was the product of a merger of the Roman law concept of the corporation and the newer Christian idea.118xIbid., 202. See also Gierke, Associations and Law, 144-53. The result was a political theological conception of the corporation that precedes and is autonomous from the state.
The new corporate concept – so useful for asserting governance powers, autonomous legal order, jurisdictional power, and other quasi-state-like features of the very worldly church organization and, ever since the twelfth century Papal Revolution, for exalting the emperor-like qualities of the pope and his sovereignty/supremacy claims – retained its religious and mystical connotations thanks to the blending of the term ‘corpus’ into that of ‘universitas’.119xKantorowitz, The King’s Two Bodies, 206. Kantorowtiz’s point is to argue that the concept of the corporation as a mystical body was ‘re-secularized’, meaning that the Church is a body politic. That corporate concept was subsequently transferred to any and every collective ‘body’ in the secular world via the organic philosophies and discourses of the high middle ages and thereafter. Hence, the body metaphor in western political theory: the conception of the state as a body, i.e., a corporation (corps); of society as a body made up of a hierarchy of lesser bodies or organs; and the application of the corporate body metaphor to every kind of universitas – from the state, to the people, to the king in parliament, to smaller entities such as the city or the guilds.120xIbid., 208, 210, 228. This political theology of the corporate has its origin here.121xFor Kantorowitz, political theology can entail the theologization of secular concepts, as in the case of the Roman concept of the corporation construed as a mystical body and the sovereign seen as the sacralized head of that body. It can also involve the politicization of theological concepts, as in the case of the theologized concept of the mystical organic body to describe ‘secular’ corporations. Kantorowitz, The Kings Two Bodies, 192. The secularization of theological concepts is a third conception used by both Kantorowitz and Schmitt. For the latter, ‘political theology’ also refers to the homology between metaphysical/religious worldviews and conceptions of political order. See Carl Schmitt, Political Theology: Four Chapters on the Concept of Sovereignty (Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 1985), 46.
As Harold J. Berman points out in his later study of the same period, oft cited by the pluralist accommodation-ists, the Papal Revolution fostered the corporate consciousness of the clergy and supremacy claims over the secular branch of society.122xBerman, Law and Revolution, 95 (addressing the sovereignty claims of the Pope). With the help of the canonists and the new political-theological concept of the corporate, legal authority was found to support the latter’s claims of autonomy. ‘Freedom of the church’, i.e., freedom from control by ‘the laity’ – civil secular power – fostered and stimulated clerical class consciousness and the development of the first trans-local, trans-tribal, trans-feudal, trans-national class in Europe to achieve political and legal unity.123xIbid., 108. This was, to be sure, also predicated on the very worldly power of the church, which owned between one-forth and one-third of the land in Europe, controlled the production and distribution of ‘spiritual’ goods as confessors, preachers of sermons, guardians of salvation and whose ecclesiastical courts acquired far reaching jurisdiction over key domains of civil life (performers of marriage, educators in schools) and benefits (exemptions) for the clergy from civil law.124xIbid., 109 and 265-9 (for a description of the special powers and privileges of the clergy). Equally important for the legal pluralists is the fact that the competing supremacy claims of monarchs and Popes were unsuccessful. As Berman, an advocate of legal pluralism and an opponent of ‘all encompassing’ secularism, argues, the infamous ‘investiture’ struggles culminated in the agreement that there are and should be two jurisdictions: one under religious authority and the other under secular civil authority, disagreement over the relative scope of each not withstanding. While time was on the side of the expansion of the secular jurisdiction at the expense of the ecclesiastical all over Europe, ‘such shifts in the balance of power had to be carried out in the context of legal competition and compromise’.125xIbid., 268. The lasting and allegedly salutary effect of this on the Western legal tradition was, accordingly, legal pluralism. ‘Plural jurisdictions and plural legal systems became a hallmark of Western legality’.126xIbid. The multiplicity of bodies of law still extant in eighteenth century England in Blackstone’s time (ranging from natural and ecclesiastical law to Roman law, common law, statute law) and the myriad courts administering those various kinds of law created the opportunity to appeal from one jurisdiction to another, allegedly enhancing freedom by establishing limits on each power through counter-powers and competing jurisdictions.
Nonetheless, as we know, the story does not end here. Berman notes that ‘[w]hen the church eventually became in the secular mind an association within the state, as contrasted with an association beyond and against the state, then the plural jurisdictions in each country of the West were swallowed up by the one national jurisdiction, and the plural legal systems were absorbed more and more by the one national legal system’.127xIbid., 269. The polemical purpose of this genealogy is, obviously, to tie the decline of church privilege via legal pluralism to the triumph of one comprehensive national secular jurisdiction of the sovereign state and to challenge it as a threat to liberty. Smith shares fully in this assessment. He too laments the triumph of secular jurisdiction (state sovereignty) and equates it with the loss of ‘religious liberty’ along with the loss of ‘depth’, meaning, and a convincing foundation for secular legitimacy of the state itself.128xSmith, Disenchantment of Secular Discourse. Yet there’s hope:
There is in most countries of the West not only a residual conflict of jurisdictions…but also a constitutional limitation upon the power of the state to control spiritual values. … There is still the belief…that if the legal boundaries set by the state conflict with higher law, then there is a right – and a duty – to violate them.129xBerman, Law and Revolution, 269.
Thus limits on government are interpreted as legal jurisdictional boundaries set by higher law based not on the Constitution or the democratic people’s will, but on religious sources.
Revival of the two-world theory, and a reliance on a political theological conception of the corporate and of sovereignty to undergird religious legal pluralism, clearly inform Smith’s and McConnell’s claims about the basic requirements of liberal constitutionalism and the freedom it aims to guarantee.130xThis challenges the Cambridge School that accords fourteenth-fifteenth century republicanism a central role in the revival of constitutionalism. See, e.g., Quentin Skinner, The Foundations of Modern Political Thought (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1978). Indeed, Smith’s point is to demonstrate the jurisdictional cast of the American liberty of conscience and to argue that liberal constitutional commitments predicated on this tradition are at risk due to the secularization of the secular and the monopoly of sovereignty by the modern state. He notes, disapprovingly, that today the secular state is no longer construed as one of God’s domains. It is now seen as ‘non-religious’; and the entirety of jurisdiction – sovereignty – apparently belongs to it alone.131xSmith, Disenchantment of Secular Discourse, 131. Instead of a salutary legal pluralism following naturally from the two-world theory, we get ‘monistic, absolutist’ state sovereignty with no limits other than those it imposes on itself. Whatever freedoms ‘the Church’ continues to enjoy, including its status as a corporate entity, are simply seen as concessions from the state.132xIbid., 134-5. The commitment to religious liberty is insecure in such a context, in the religious pluralists view, since the principle that anchors it – that religion is a realm under an authority that transcends the secular – becomes non-cognizable under modern sovereignty.133xIbid. Secularism turns jurisdictional issues into matters of justice that the state decides. So monistic state sovereignty puts all our basic freedoms at risk.
The political theological conception of the corporate, of sovereignty and their foundation in the two-world theory allows adherents to claim an autonomous source for religious ‘freedom’, while enlisting liberal constitutionalism on their side. The project is to challenge the liberal democratic state’s supremacy over ‘the Church’, along with its monopoly of coercive law making.134xIbid., 123. See also Michael McConnell, ‘Accommodation of Religion’, and McConnell, ‘Accommodation of Religion: An Update’. For an earlier legal pluralist attempt at resurrecting what amounts to neo-medievalism, see Figgis, Churches in the Modern State. Accordingly, the autonomy, prerogatives and corporate status of the religious are not derived from the civil law but from a non-civil higher authority. Integralist demands for accommodation based on religious conscience or more broadly, ethical integrity, have the same structure.
It should now be obvious that this challenge is also, au fond, a sovereignty bid.135xThere is a burgeoning literature on church autonomy. See the papers presented at the Annual International Law and Religion Symposium of the International Center for Law and Religion Studies, published in Brigham Young University Law Review 2004 (2004). Indeed, a proliferating strand in the church autonomy and accommodation literature makes this quite explicit. It openly argues that religious exceptional-ism is predicated on the deep structural understanding that religious organizations are and function as sovereigns, i.e., as independent non-state legal orders.136xSee Smith, Disenchantment of Secular Discourse; Perry Dane, ‘The Maps of Sovereignty’ and Perry Dane, ‘The Corporation Sole and the Encounter of Law and Church’, in Sacred Companies, Organizational Aspects of Religion and Religious Aspects of Organizations, eds. Nicholas Jay Deremath III, et al. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1998); Paul Horowitz, ‘Churches as First Amendment Institutions: of Sovereignty and Spheres’, Harvard Civil Rights and Civil Liberties Review 44 (2009): 79-132 and Clark, ‘Religions as Sovereigns’. But ‘legal pluralism’ is not a descriptive claim to the effect that religious norms orient the behaviour of adherents in a ‘law like’ manner. Rather, the ‘religion as sovereigns approach’ frames ‘religious freedom’ as entailing shared or dual sovereignty with the state.137xJean L. Cohen, ‘The Politics and Risks of the New Legal Pluralism in the Domain of Intimacy’, International Journal of Constitutional Law 10 (2012): 380-97 (on the different forms of ‘legal’ pluralism). Despite the critique of state ‘monism’, the religious jurisdictional ‘pluralists’ themselves rely on an absolutist political-theological conception of sovereignty – as command located in a power that is legibus solutus. Religions understood as authoritative communities rather than as belief systems, and religious authority as derived from a divine or transcendent source of normative order acknowledged by its ‘citizens’, is the basis for asserting that they are the archetypical non-state legal sovereigns.138xClarke, ‘Religions as Sovereigns’, 7. Two demands flow from this ‘understanding’: first, for the partial de-territorialization of sovereignty with respect to religious organizations; second, for recognition of the sovereignty of religious non-state legal orders by the state, and the demand that they are treated with the dignity due another sovereign!139xIbid., 7. Elizabeth A. Clark cites Hosanna-Tabor’s deference to the autonomous internal governance of the church as an indication that US law is bound up with the jurisdictional understanding of religious freedom entailing supreme control or sovereignty by the religious in core domains.140xIbid., 8. Indeed, she invokes the US experience of ‘shared sovereignty’ in federalism as a heuristic for understanding what is at stake. The federalist analogy is meant to justify the idea of shared sovereignty with religions as the quintessential non-territorial, non-state, transnational, corporate sovereign legal order. The ‘religion-as-sovereign’ theory accounts for the uniqueness of claims for church autonomy, and integralist demands for accommodation of individuals’ needs for ethical integrity (Hobby Lobby). It frames accommodation of religious freedom as a question of inter-sovereign respect.141xIbid., 12. See Dane, ‘The Maps of Sovereignty’. From this perspective, religious autonomy is more than a right of free exercise: it requires that one legal order recognize the prerogatives of another as a legitimate occupant of sovereign space.142xIbid., 966.
All of the jurisdictional accommodation-ists, church autonomists and religion-as sovereignty-theorists are thus legal pluralists who reject ‘monistic’ state sovereignty. Their gambit however is not only to insist that the religious are unique among non-state associations and communities, thereby meriting special accommodations from public law. The broader project is to challenge the ‘secularist’ conception of the modern state with its monopoly of sovereign coercive law making. Re-assertion of autonomous jurisdiction frames the corporate religious as an autonomous governance domain immune to state regulation while throwing down the gauntlet to the modern liberal democratic conception of the civil state. This is the deeper meaning of the otherwise rather baffling claim noted above, that the modern liberal democratic constitutional state is not secular but ‘pluralist’.
3 The pluralist critique of state sovereignty, again
If criticism of monistic, omni-competent state sovereignty in the name of plurality and liberty sounds familiar, that’s because it revives early twentieth century pluralist arguments, especially those of John Figgis and Harold Laski.143xOn the British pluralist school see Paul Q. Hirst (ed.), The Pluralist Theory of the State (New York: Routledge, 1989). Drawing on Gierke’s history of associations, turn-of-the-century British (and French) pluralist theorists reached back to the medieval corporations – the town, the university, the guild, the church – to show that these were neither derived from the state nor reducible to an aggregate of privatized individuals – their point being to challenge both statism and market individualism.144xGierke, Associations and Law; see Cecile Laborde, Pluralist Thought and the State in Britain and France 1900-1925 (London: Macmillan Press, 2000), especially Chapters 2 and 4, on French anarchist pluralists and corporatist legal pluralists. See also Barkan, Corporate Sovereignty, 81-85 and Harris, ‘The Transplantation of the Legal discourse on Corporate Personality’. They attacked ‘monistic’ state sovereignty by insisting on the autonomous, sui generis, real nature of corporate group life and group personality. Gierke’s ‘real entity’ theory of the corporation was adapted into a wholesale assault on the prevailing concession theory tied to the absolutist conception of state sovereignty and expanded into alternative, ‘pluralist’ conceptions of the state itself.145xWhile their conceptions of the pluralist state differed, ranging from an organic coordination scheme (Figgis), to a functionalist contractual integration scheme (Laski and Cole), to more corporatist models (Duguit), their critiques of the monistic state and of state sovereignty were quite similar as was their insistence on the spontaneous autonomous nature of group life. See Hirst (ed.), The Pluralist Theory of the State, and Laborde, Pluralist Thought and the State in Britain and France, 46-47. By insisting on the spontaneous, nature of corporate group life generated through the natural voluntary association and solidarity of members, pluralists could argue that civil associations must be permitted and their autonomy acknowledged by the state.146xFiggis, Churches in the Modern State, 41-42. For the socialist pluralists, the emphasis was on solidarity in workers associations but for Figgis, with his Anglican-catholic bent, it was on an organic traditional conception of community.
Figgis’ target was British Erastianism – state establishment and instrumentalization of the Anglican Church, but he insisted that disestablishment was insufficient to secure religious freedom. He knew well that disestablishment did not end the regulation of churches.147xIbid. Disestablishment in the US did not end state regulation of religion. Indeed easy access to corporate status through general incorporation came with state regulation. General incorporation statutes in the various American states assumed that churches would be congregationally structured, with the laity exercising firm control over the clergy and economic activity limited to generating sufficient income to pay a pastor and maintain a meetinghouse. So-called mortmain provisions sharply limited how much property a church could own, the purposes for which it could be used, and the methods by which it was to be controlled and state laws stipulated requirements regarding internal governance. Gordon, ‘The Place of the Faith’. That, he maintained, requires recognition of churches’ autonomous rule-making power and ‘corporate dignity’. While he does argue that all natural associations have a life of their own, Figgis singles out the church and religious society as special and unique.148xFiggis, Churches in the Modern State, 47-48 arguing the sui generis origin of family, churches, clubs, trade unions. It was not until 1919 that he acknowledged the ethical value of trade unions due to their principle of solidarity (brotherhood). Conceding that churches in the modern world must be construed as voluntary associations, they are distinctive in that they are ‘true’ organic communities shaping and embracing the whole of an individual’s life in which authority over members is crucial to the meaning of the religious community.149xOn the special Christian mystical conception of organic corporate community. See Gierke, Associations and Law, 145. The Church exists by an inward living force with powers of self-development like a person. Therefore, its real corporate unity and internal constitutional authority should be accepted by the state with no further questions asked.150xFiggis, Churches in the Modern State, 36, 40. The notion that corporate religious existence is a mere concession from the state, for Figgis, is a notion that ‘no religious society can admit without being false to the very idea of its existence or placing the Divine Law at the mercy of political convenience’.151xIbid., 37, 43 (emphasis added). In short, Figgis resurrects the political theological conception of the corporate community regarding churches. For our contemporary jurisdictional religious pluralists, Figgis is thus the most important modern precursor.
Laski’s concerns differed from Figgis’ in that he sought to end restrictions on workers’ organizations and opposed the growing regulatory power of the (capitalist) state. He (and other socialist pluralists) embraced the real entity theory to justify the autonomy of civil society associations, especially trades unions, and to serve as the theoretical building blocks of alternative socialist pluralist models of the polity.152xFor a critique of the pluralist conceptions of the state, see Carl Schmitt, ‘The Ethic of State and the Pluralistic State’, in The Challenge of Carl Schmitt, ed. Chantal Mouffe (London: Verso, 1999), 195. This did not involve a mystical conception of community or a political theological conception of the corporate. What the socialist pluralists did share with Figgis, however, was the critique of the doctrine of ‘monistic’ sovereignty.
The concept of sovereignty at issue here was the absolutist one that posits a single, indivisible hierarchical locus of power and source of law, incapable of legal limitation, located in a single organ, and the non-existence of all other juris-generative bodies.153xHarold Laski, ‘The Pluralist State’, in The Pluralist Theory of the State, ed. Hirst, 187-8. Whether this organ is the King in parliament (Britain) or a national assembly (France), it is deemed equally levelling and destructive of the autonomy and rights of other social unions. In either case: ‘all and every right is the creation of the one and indivisible sovereign… No prescription, no conscience, no corporate life can be pleaded against its authority, which is without legal limitation…To talk of rights against it is to talk nonsense’.154xFiggis, Churches in the Modern State, 85. On the monistic conception of sovereignty, the state is the entity that is inherently entitled to primacy over any other association – precisely the contention the pluralists deny.155xHarold Laski, ‘Law and the State’, in The Pluralist Theory of the State, ed. Hirst, 214.
The pluralist critics ascribed this conception of sovereignty, in part, to a dogmatism of analytical jurisprudence’s theoretical need to posit a final hierarchical source of law so as to assert the unity of the state’s legal order.156xIbid., 197-8; Figgis, Churches in the Modern State, 83-84. They note that the ‘monistic’ conception of state sovereignty derives from absolute monarchy, and the work of Hobbes and Bodin justifying its centralizing, hierarchical thrust against autonomous secular and religious corporate counter-powers. But they argue that this conception was simply transferred from the king to the people with the theories of popular sovereignty and representative democracy. Popular sovereignty legitimizes the laws passed by the democratically elected representative assembly as the sole organ embodying the people’s will and the source of the only valid positive law. The democratic political organ, as was its absolutist predecessor, the monarch, is deemed to be legibus solutus, and incompatible with autonomous intermediary group life and counter-powers, leaving nothing between the individual and the state. Accordingly, democratic sovereignty retains the absolutist monistic idea of a centralized hierarchical state with a plenitude of sovereign power, perforce deeming all civil associations as its own creations (via concession) or as threats to its existence.157xPaul Q. Hirst, ‘Introduction’, in The Pluralist Theory of the State, ed. Hirst, 2.
To the pluralists, (then and now) freedom of the church (Figgis) and indeed all our civil freedoms (Laski) depend on rejecting the dogma of the sovereign state. They try to turn the tables on the concession theory of the corporation by insisting on the real un-derived group personality and corporate life of associations and by insisting that the state’s sovereignty and monopoly of law making is itself a legal fiction.158xLaski, ‘The Pluralist State’, 185, 188. The alternative pluralist conceptions of the polity varied but they all agreed that political and legal pluralism, not state sovereignty, is the appropriate frame for securing freedom to churches and to associated individuals generally.159xLaborde, Pluralist Thought. For the guild socialists, and Laski, the pluralist vision of the state entailed a project of democratization on functionalist grounds in which internally democratic societal corporate bodies in industry and on the level of local government would constitute a federative structure.160xHarold Laski, ‘The Problem of Administrative Areas’, in The Pluralist Theory of the State, ed. Hirst, 131-63. The state is just one association among many with no claim to supremacy. Figgis’ anti-statist impulses restricted the ‘pluralist’ state to registering the personality of corporate societies, regulating and coordinating the relations of corporate persons to one another and to natural persons.161xFiggis, Churches in the Modern State, 41-42. While he argues that it is the organic communities rather than majoritarian democracy or individual rights that preserve individuality and real freedom, this is not his main interest: ‘Yet our concern…is not with the individual but rather with corporate liberty’.162xIbid., 58. The main point is to negate the state as sovereign, to deny its ethical claim to highest obligation of citizens, and thus to relativize it vis-à-vis other, primarily religious, associations.163xSee Schmitt, ‘Ethic of the State and Pluralistic State’, 187-8. Unlike the socialist pluralists, however, religious pluralists from Figgis to our day rely on the absolutist conception of sovereignty to ground the unique prerogatives of religious communities.
Moreover, as Carl Schmitt argued at the time, despite superficial alliances, the advocates of religious and labour associations instrumentalized one another to serve their competing projects.164xCarl Schmitt, The Concept of the Political, trans. George Schwab (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2007), 41-42, n. 17 (claiming that for Laski the Church serves as a stalking horse for the labor unions. The reverse is also clearly true for Figgis). Indeed, despite their pluralist stance, both entailed a secret monism of their own, pitting universalistic pretensions of international labour against the universalism of the Church.165xIbid. Certainly with regard to the latter, Schmitt is right to note that, ‘[t]he Roman Catholic Church is no pluralistic construction’.166xSchmitt, ‘Ethic of the State and Pluralistic State’, 200. As he correctly points out, it is inconceivable for the Catholic Church to permit itself to be treated on an equal level with an international labour union.167xSchmitt, The Concept of the Political, 42. Indeed for Figgis, an Anglican Catholic, the Church has its own independent constituent and constitutional authority – a divine sovereign source that no other association can claim.168xFiggis, Churches in the Modern State, 40.
Interestingly, neither their sovereignty critique nor the Europeans’ pluralist conceptions of the state resonated in the US in their own day.169xDespite the fact that Laski taught at Harvard from 1916 to 1920 and was the first scholar to offer a pluralist reading of the Tenth Federalist Paper. The absolutist conception of state sovereignty targeted by the European pluralists hardly fit the American context of federalism, checks and balances, separation of powers and judicial review and flourishing associational life.170xHarris, ‘The Transplantation of Legal Discourse on Corporate Personality Theories’, 1443. Laski makes this point in ‘The Pluralist State’, 185, 198. An American ‘pluralist’ theory of the state did emerge at the time through the work of Bentley but that was a theory of interest group politics, expanded later into a full blown analytical approach to American government. Churches (unlike business enterprises) had enjoyed corporate status through general incorporation laws for nearly a century, and disestablishment occurred in all of the states by the 1830s.171xGordon, ‘The Place of the Faith’. The resurrection of the sovereignty critique and jurisdictional discourse of church autonomy today is thus all the more striking and its successes, in Court, astonishing.172xSee the work of Dane, Smith, McConnell, Horwitz, Laycock, etc., cited herein. Presuming that the ‘secularist’ worldview can’t grasp or justify our deepest commitments to liberty, the accommodation-ist project is, allegedly, to restore the ‘traditional understanding’ of liberal constitutionalism. Recall the genealogy in Hosanna-Tabor framing religious freedom in terms of the early modern jurisdictional battles between church and state. ‘The church’, the dominant trope in Chief Justice Robert’s opinion, is a corporate body, autonomous vis-à-vis secular government, and apparently entitled to immunities from public law. To be sure, ‘church’ denotes any organized religious community: in a pluralistic religious environment, it references the many, not the one. But a political theological conception of the corporate is operative here, for churches allegedly enjoy these privileges whether or not they are incorporated via a civil law procedure. The deep structure of this sort of accommodation is not a matter of self-limitation of government but of deference to another sovereign’s jurisdiction.
4 Counter arguments: democratic sovereignty and liberal constitutionalism revisited
Here I can only respond to the two core theses of the jurisdictional accommodation-ists: first, that democratic sovereignty is perforce monistic, absolutist, hierarchical, and levelling of plurality, the antidote being autonomous jurisdictions for religious nomos communities; second, that religious freedom understood in jurisdictional terms is the first, and paradigmatic, liberty in the tradition of liberal constitutionalism, and the basis of the First Amendment religion clauses. I argue that these caricature democratic sovereignty, mis-describe liberal rights and constitutionalism and involve a form of status-group legal pluralism that threatens both.
4.1 Democratic sovereignty
The concept of state sovereignty involves a dual claim of internal supremacy (of civil authority and jurisdiction) and external autonomy – self-determination of the domestic constitutional order and political regime. The absolutist conception revived and criticized by today’s religious legal pluralists locates unified sovereign powers in a single state organ – a monarch or parliament – and traces the unity of a legal (and political) system back to the legally illimitable will of an uncommanded commander. Democratic sovereignty, on this model, deems the elected legislative assembly to be the sole embodiment of the will of the sovereign people, endowed with all the prerogatives of rule.
This conception of democratic sovereignty is based on a series of confusions: of organ with state sovereignty, of law with command, and of democratic constituent power and popular sovereignty with a political theological corporate model of the people, embodied in a ‘representative’ ruler. The pluralist critique throws out the baby (the sovereign democratic constitutional state) with the bath water (organ sovereignty). Pace old and new jurisdictional pluralists, however, the absolutist conception is not presupposed by the liberal democratic constitutional state or by an appropriate understanding of popular sovereignty. It was an anachronism ever since the first modern constitutional republic emerged in the US based on the separation of powers, checks and balances, representative government, constitutionalism, the rule of law and popular sovereignty as a principle of legitimacy – not to mention the division of powers entailed by federalism. Constitutional democracy limits arbitrary rule by placing all state organs under civil law and denying sovereignty to any one of them. State sovereignty is a legal concept that pertains to the constitutional legal order in toto.173xJean L. Cohen, Globalization and Sovereignty (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012), 21-41, discussing alternatives to the absolutist model of sovereignty. External sovereignty is not an artefact of illimitable legal or political power. Rather, it is the result of mutual recognition within an international legal and political order that ascribes sovereignty to states based on agreed upon criteria and delimits what prerogatives (law making), rights and duties this entails. In a domestic democracy, internal sovereignty is imputed not to government but to the people, not as an instance that actually rules, not as an organ of the state, but as the sole source of the (in principle revisable) constitutional order.
The legal system and the domestic jurisdiction of the democratic constitutional state must be public, civil, comprehensive and unified. But liberal democratic constitutionalism is predicated on the separation of powers and the rule of law. As the example of constitutional democracies characterized by the division and separation of powers and the increasing internal importance of international law show, this does not rule out division of competences among different organs and loci of public power.174xIbid., 1-41. While organ sovereignty is one possibility in democratic republics, it is not the only one and today most constitutional democracies have some form of juridical review.175xH.L.A Hart, in The Concept of Law (London: Oxford University Press, 1997), argued this position against organ sovereigntists such as John Austin. Carré de Malberg, in Contribution à la Théorie Générale de l’Etat (Paris: Libraire de la Société du recoil siry, 1920), did so against the French organ sovereigntists. Even those polities that institutionalize parliamentary sovereignty have mechanisms of accountability and constitutional conventions that limit the legislative organ.176xA.V. Dicey, Introduction to the Study of Law and the Constitution (New York: MacMillan and Co., 1889). The markers or prerogatives of sovereignty can be divided, normed, placed under law, and delegated amongst public state organs without undermining unity of the state or its legal system.
The early twentieth century pluralist attack on democratic state sovereignty targeted residues of the old ‘absolutist’ states of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries for polemical purposes.177xSchmitt, ‘Ethic of State and Pluralistic State’, 202. The conception they theorized however, was a political theological one, in the sense of a transfer of the attributes once ascribed to God the sovereign – omnipotence, omni-competence, illimitable will, a legibus solutus source of law above the law, etc. – to the secular head of state, the monarch and later to the legislative organ. But this political theological conception of sovereignty (based on a structural homology of ideas of monarchy and monotheism) was a caricature by the late nineteenth century.178xSchmitt, Political Theology, 36ff. Indeed, the formulae of the ‘omnipotence of the sovereign’ and of the ‘absolutist monism’ of the sovereign political unity destroying all other social groups, were always exaggerations invented originally in the context of the state’s quest to prevail against the pluralistic chaos of churches and estates between the sixteenth and eighteenth centuries. As Carl Schmitt correctly noted: ‘One makes the task too easy when one sticks to such modes of expression. Even the absolute prince…was forced to respect divine and natural law…the unity of the state has always been a unity of social multiplicity’.179xSchmitt, ‘Ethic of State and Pluralist State’, 201. I do not share Schmitt’s new political theology of sovereignty based on the miracle and on the theory of sovereign dictatorship. The success of princely absolutism against the ‘Ständestaat’ (the hierarchical society of corporate orders and mixed government) in monopolizing sovereignty did not end social multiplicity but rather transformed its nature by neutralizing and relativizing the autonomous political power bases and privileges of the estates and churches, opening the path for them to become civil voluntary associations and for democratic constitutionalism to develop.
I submit that the attacks by today’s jurisdictional religious pluralists on ‘monistic’, ‘absolutist’ democratic sovereignty targets liberal secular constitutional democracy with a clear polemical purpose: to relativize the state and to justify what amounts to a jurisdictional power grab for organized religion. But the critique misses the mark. For internal sovereignty in a constitutional democracy is not ascribed to governmental organs, but to the people who are, qua constituent power, the ultimate source of all publicly legitimate exercises of coercive power. The constitution as higher law regulates ordinary legislation, allocates governmental competences and references the citizenry, the demos, as the ultimate source of its legitimacy. The authority of that law is immanent, not meta-social, deriving from convincing claims to instantiate justice that involve appropriate modes of justification to those affected.180xRainer Forst, ‘The Justification of Human Rights and the Basic Right to Justification: a Reflexive Approach’, Ethics 120(4) (2010): 711-40. Democratic legitimacy and constitutional democracy do not rest on the two-world theory or on meta-social political-theological guarantees. Indeed, it is incompatible with any transcendent source of binding law or law making authority: democracy cannot ‘acknowledge’ or ‘recognize’ the this-worldly jurisdiction of any other sovereign than the people. My point is that the religious legal pluralists’ sovereignty critique elides the distinction crucial to a liberal democratic republic between constituted and constituent power, and between the immanent and the meta-social authority. In the case of the absolute monarch, these were fused: legitimacy, authority, and all power were (ideally) located in one person and his sovereignty was ultimately understood and justified in political theological terms. But in a constitutional democracy this is not so. The constituent power is not locatable, the people are not one but many, and they are difficult to identify. Insofar as the idea of popular sovereignty refers to the constituent power it pertains to the practice of co-instituting and establishing the constitution and form of polity by those who are its subjects and citizens.181xAndrew Arato, ‘Forms of Constitution Making and Theories of Democracy’, Cardozo Law Review 17 (1995): 202–254; Andreas Kalyvas, ‘Popular Sovereignty, the Constituent Power, and Democracy’, Constellations 12(2) (2005): 223-44. Insofar as democratic sovereignty pertains to constituted powers, it refers to the equal rights to vote, stand for office and alternation of office holders, and thus to hold representatives accountable. Democracy entails multiple avenues of participation by the citizenry through their autonomous civil and political associations, publics, movements, parties, and councils. But ‘the people’ do not rule directly, they are not a body (unlike a monarch), and are not embodied by any particular group, institutional or personal representative. Constitutional democracy entails unity and multiplicity: it separates governmental powers, secures basic liberties, and differentiates between and among the people and organs of government, while guaranteeing the unity of the legal system. It also ensures that all coercive power is under public law and that includes sovereignty itself. But there is no need to construe the constituent power, the ‘sovereign’ people, or democratic constitutionalism as entailing an embodiment model of the polity, organ sovereignty, or an anti-pluralist autocratic levelling stance towards civil society associations.
Indeed, democracy in principle breaks with the political theology of sovereignty because it does not rest on a theologized corporate conception of the polity, of civil society, or of civil associations. The old organic political theological models of social and political unity required a mediator – an instance that embodies – unifies, holds together – the parts of the ‘body politic’ through incarnation in an organ that re-presents this unity to society and mediates between the transcendent source of fundamental law and legitimacy and man-made worldly laws, powers, etc. As Claude Lefort argued, the old theologico-political matrix gave the prince sovereign power and made him both a secular agency and a representative of God, the mediator between mortals and the transcendent agencies.182xClaude Lefort, ‘The Image of the Body in Totalitarianism’, in The Political Forms of Modern Society (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1986), 302 (citing Kantorowitz, The Kings Two Bodies). The understanding of the king’s body, of the body politic and indeed of all social bodies as mystical bodies corporate meant that the king incarnated in his sacred mystical body the organic community of the kingdom. The monarch condensed within his body, mortal and immortal, the principle that generated the order of the kingdom, itself represented as a body such that the hierarchy of its members, the distinction between ranks and orders seemed to rest on an unconditional basis.183xClaude Lefort, ‘The Question of Democracy’, in Democracy and Political Theory (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1988), 16-17. See also ‘The Permanence of the Theologico Politico?’, in ibid., 213-55.
But the deepest philosophical meaning of democracy according to Lefort is precisely that it breaks with this symbolic order, with the political theological corporate organic conception of society and state, and with the embodiment model of sovereignty. For him, democracy
…signifies a phenomenon of disincorporation of power and disincorporation of right, which accompanies the disappearance of the king’s body in which the community was embodied and justice mediated; and, by the same token it signifies a phenomenon of disincorporation of society.184xClaude Lefort, ‘Politics and Human Rights’, in The Political Forms of Modern Society (Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 1986), 255.
Society, in short, can no longer be represented as a body or as a multiplicity of mystical corporate bodies. Indeed,
[t]he modern democratic revolution…burst out when the body of the king was destroyed, when the body politic was decapitated and when at the same time the corporeality of society was dissolved…The modern democratic revolution is best recognized in this mutation: there is no power linked to a body. Power now appears as an empty place and those who exercise it are mere mortals…Democracy inaugurates the experience of an ungraspable, uncontrollable society in which the people will be said to be sovereign, of course, but whose identity will constantly be open to question….185xLefort, ‘The Image of the Body and Totalitarianism’, 303.
Far from levelling social plurality, a democratic constitutionalist sovereign republic is the condition of possibility of a dis-incorporated, diverse and autonomous civil society and associational freedom.186xLefort, ‘Politics and Human Rights’, 249-57; and Jean L. Cohen and Andrew Arato, Civil Society and Political Theory (Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 1992).
Thus, the jurisdictional pluralist conception of society as multiplicity of religious bodies corporate whose juris-generative capacities, governance prerogatives, and autonomy grounded in a transcendent meta-social authority the state must recognize and refrain from regulating is deeply anti-democratic. The jurisdictional pluralists refuse, unsurprisingly, to apply their corporate metaphor to the secular sovereign state. But they resurrect the political theological conception of the corporate and of sovereign authority for religious communities. Their point is to challenge the right of the civil democratic state to regulate the self-regulation of corporate religious groups. However, the political theological conception of democratic sovereignty is only one possible model and it is au fond anti-democratic.187xAndrew Arato, ‘Political Theology and Populism’, Social Research 80(1) (2013): 143-72.
Justification by public officials of accommodation in a democratic polity cannot invoke a transcendent meta-social source without violating the principles of democratic legitimacy. Nor can we understand the limits erected by constitutionalism to the scope of governmental power as an acknowledgment of some ultimate authority behind the constitution that is other than the constituent power of the people. The two-world theory is not the basis of liberal constitutionalism, nor the ground for the First Amendment religion clauses, or of the separation church and state. To view constitutional guarantees of religious freedom in this way is to de-secularize the civil state at its deepest foundations. If such a project were to succeed, it would take us out of the continent of constitutional democracy and into the terrain of religious status based legal pluralism and, potentially, constitutional theocracy.188xRan Hirschl, Constitutional Theocracy (Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 2010).
This is surely the goal of the burgeoning religion-as-sovereigns literature. Hence the attempt to analogize religious legal pluralism with federalism, insofar as both apparently involve ‘sharing’ or dividing sovereignty into ‘spheres’, guaranteeing plurality and freedom.189xClark, ‘Religions as Sovereigns’, 18-22; Horwitz, ‘Churches as First Amendment Institutions’; Dane, ‘The Maps of Sovereignty’. Elsewhere I have argued against this analogy because it elides the distinction between the division of constitutionally articulated and regulated public institutional and democratically legitimated powers characteristic of modern democratic federalism and the private hierarchies entailed in typically non-democratic and publicly unaccountable religious status group based legal pluralism.190xCohen, Globalization and Sovereignty, 39-40. Whether we have in mind US-style territorial federalism or federalisms of multinational states, the self-governing units are in principle democratically structured and involve the local exercise of public power under public law, not a hybrid of private and public powers under divine law. In short, in a democratic federation, the units are in principle congruent in political form to the constitutional democracy at the national level. Some religious groups see themselves as integralist nomos communities, seeking to live the whole of their lives under religious law and to structure all the institutions in which they are involved accordingly. But the democratic constitutional state cannot ascribe them jurisdiction or sovereignty or defer to their groups demands for ethical integrity when the basic rights of vulnerable members or employees are at stake.
4.2 On liberal rights and plurality
The religionists portray religious freedom as the most fundamental and paradigmatic liberal liberty without which the edifice of liberal rights limiting the state would rest on quicksand. Yet they also insist that religious freedom is a unique right involving more than negative liberty. It is pivotal yet distinct because its legitimacy allegedly does not derive from the constitution or from the demos but from another authority whose jurisdiction (sovereignty) the constitutional guarantee allegedly acknowledges. Freedom of religion is thus no ordinary liberal right: it construed as a corporate immunity involving privileges – associated with jurisdictional autonomy – such as the right to identify (make) higher law and to obey it, even when it conflicts with civil law, and to be presumptively exempt from civil laws impinging on religion. This is the logic behind ‘church autonomy’ invoked in Hosanna-Tabor and Hobby Lobby’s contradictory ascription of religious freedom for a corporate person created through ordinary business law, yet to which the religious convictions of its owners are ostensibly transferred.
This logic also underpins the claim that religious freedom can’t be adequately protected through the liberal rights of association, expression, belief, speech, assembly, privacy, and contract.191xBut see James W. Nickel’s interesting counter-argument in ‘Who Needs Freedom of Religion?’, University of Colorado Law Review 76 (2005): 941-64. Religious liberty, be it an individual right of conscience, ethical integrity or a collective right of self governance, is not grounded, on this view, in the basic system of rights intrinsic to republican constitutionalism, nor on the democratic idea that constitutional rights are the rights we give ourselves, nor in the right to justification we as liberals ascribe to every individual. Rather, the reverse is asserted. Higher meta-social sources of law and an authority other than the demos is deemed the basis of religious liberty, of the separation of church and state, and of the limits on the state that liberalism itself entails. Religious freedom thus requires a distinct and unique constitutional acknowledgment.
I beg to differ. Liberal constitutional democracy is committed to respecting individuals as equal and free persons, to designing legal and political institutions whose first virtue is justice, and hence to a fair distribution of the burdens and benefits of society. Civil interests of peace, security, welfare, equal liberty, and voice in determining matters of justice are the core concerns of a liberal democratic polity. Associational plurality and the system of rights entailed in liberal democratic constitutionalism and modern civil society are, it is true, not concessions of the state. Liberal and democratic theory construes them as matters of justice and as co-constitutive with popular sovereignty, and of democratic constitutionalism. But it does not ground them in an otherworldly source. Liberal rights and democratic constitutionalism presuppose a common civil law that treats people as equals, a rule of law that limits arbitrariness, and a diverse civil society that is no longer representable as a body yet is irreducible to an agglomeration of atomized individuals. This involves a shift from Ständestaat’s fragmented yet hierarchical organic society of corporate orders to the modern sovereign state with a new type of constitutionalism. It is a constitutionalism that makes rights a matter of justice, not jurisdiction or privilege. Such rights are complemented by a dis-incorporated unbound civil society populated by new forms of societal plurality: voluntary association, civil publics, social movements and networks. Political theological corporate metaphors are inapt both for civil society and for the liberal state. They may fit the self-understanding of legal sources in constitutional theocracies, but not that of constitutional democracy.192xHirschl, Constitutional Theocracy.
Whatever their historical genesis, neither religious freedom, nor the separation of church and state, nor the idea of a civil polity, nor justifiable legislative accommodations, need rest on the Christian two-worlds theory. If traces of it underpin some laws or court decisions, these anachronisms should be dropped. The US Constitution’s religion clauses can be justified qua respect for individual citizens’ expressive and associational freedom, equal concern for everyone’s ethical integrity, and the protection of religious minorities from discrimination, coercion, and/or status inequality. Equal religious liberty, like other civil liberties, presupposes political secularism, not Christendom, and thus the shape of separation and the mode of regulation is a matter of democratic constitutional law and public policy, fully within the remit of the only sovereign recognized by the Constitution, the people, to be determined through their representatives.193xBhargava, ‘Political Secularism’ and Cohen, ‘Rethinking Political Secularism and the American Model of Constitutional Dualism’. The religion clauses of the US Constitution did not resurrect pre-modern political theological concepts of the religious corporation. Nor did the Constitution install religious status-group legal pluralism when it rejected the British models of establishment and organ sovereignty. The religion clauses emerged in response to experiences of discrimination against religious minorities, state establishments that instrumentalized religion for power political purposes and religious factional competition for public monies and power that threatened to subvert the civil character of politically secular republican institutions.
As Justice Frankfurter put it:
…the constitutional protection of religious freedom terminated disabilities, it did not create new privileges. It gave religious equality, not civil immunity. Its essence is freedom from conformity to religious dogma, not freedom from conformity to law because of religious dogma.194xWest Virginia Board of Education v Barnette 319 U.S.624,653 (1943) (J. Felix Frankfurter).
Separation that goes with non-establishment in the US or elsewhere does not presuppose recognition of another sovereign, some unique form of Church or religious individuals’ autonomy. Nor does it preclude the regulation of self-regulating religious associations so they comport with criminal, civil, constitutional law, and the requirements of liberal justice.
Despite accommodation-ists’ efforts to enlist liberalism to their side, the jurisdictional interpretation of religious autonomy is antithetical to liberal constitutionalism. Why? Its core principle is group autonomy, not individual freedom or equality. It challenges the jurisdiction of constitutional and civil rights law when the rights of members or employees of religious communities are at issue. Invocation of the First Amendment to justify their claims for blanket accommodation is disingenuous because the constitutional guarantee is not seen as the legal source of religious freedom as per a liberal interpretation. Instead, it is construed as acknowledgement of another legal order and legitimate occupant of sovereign space. The religionists mean it when they say that, ‘…religious autonomy is more than a right of free exercise’.195xDane, ‘The Maps of Sovereignty’, 966. Indeed it is not a liberal right at all, but rather an existential sovereignty claim referencing transcendent higher authority that ultimately undergirds religious freedom.
As we have seen, what is at issue is far more than the right of religious corporations to discriminate on the basis of religion in relation to their religious activities in their churches.196x42 U.S.C. § 2000e-1(a). The religious organizations’ ‘right to discriminate’ has been exponentially expanded: first, regarding their employees in non-profit secular entities like gymnasiums (as in Amos); then in schools (Hosanna-Tabor); and now in for-profit business corporations (Hobby Lobby). Today, employees working in a religiously affiliated non-profit or in a non-religiously affiliated for-profit corporation can cost her a basic civil liberty – protection from discrimination – a right she previously enjoyed, while all other citizens retain this liberty.197xRosenblum, ‘Amos: Religious Autonomy and the Moral Uses of Pluralism’.
Voluntary association is a core principle of modern civil society entailing the freedom to function under your own norms and rules. The liberal-democratic state does not demand congruence of voluntary associations’ procedural or substantive norms with liberal-democratic political ones. But the scope of autonomy and permissible incongruence must be determined by civil law in a liberal democracy that is protective of the equal rights of citizens, within and for association, and whatever their affiliations. No one group has a special right to ‘autonomy’. The purpose of the voluntary association or non-profit organization matters, of course. But a presumptive exemption from anti-discrimination civil rights and labour law uniquely for the religious employer in for- or non-profit enterprises is antithetical to liberal democratic principles. There can be no ‘no-go’ areas for civil jurisdiction when it comes to ensuring that all associations comply with the public purposes and basic rights required by justice.
It is not my purpose in this paper to provide a map for deciding which mode of regulating religious associations and practices are required by liberal democratic principles or which accommodations these principles may or may not justify.198xSee Cohen, ‘The Politics and Risks of the New Legal Pluralism in the Domain of Intimacy’, 380-97, for a taxonomy of modes of regulation of religious associations by the state. My aim is to reveal and challenge the logic underlying the claim that religion is so special and unique that it requires a form of deference from civil authority that no other set of beliefs, practices, or associations merit. I show this claim rests on a metaphysical notion of sovereignty, a political theological conception of the corporate, and a jurisdictional logic parading as liberal pluralism but really involving a neo-medieval understanding of both society and the state that challenges democratic legitimacy and liberal principles of justice. My approach assumes that the liberal principles of justice ensured by civil law, together with democratic principles of legitimacy, trump claims to religious or church autonomy when basic rights and capabilities of individuals, harms to third parties and compelling public purposes are at stake.
I agree with James Nickel that there is no conceptual or normative need for a unique right to religious freedom: the sum of the basic liberal rights would suffice.199xJames Nickel, ‘Who Needs Freedom of Religion?’, 11. Guarantees of religious freedom in constitutions or international documents protect against targeting, discrimination, and coercion of religious minorities. Benign legislative accommodations that do not infringe on the rights of others or unfairly privilege religion are not necessarily antithetical to liberalism but they don’t require recognition of religion’s ‘uniqueness’. I also agree with Cécile Laborde: in order to determine the limits of the self-determination of religious voluntary associations and affiliated non-profits and the proper scope for ethical integrity, one would have to disaggregate the concept religion itself. Only then could one specify values a liberal democratic polity must legally protect that pertain to the discrete aspects of religion – as doctrine, as an identity, as moral obligation, as a conception of the good life, as an integrated form of life, as a nomos community, and as a vulnerable class.200xCécile Laborde, ‘Equal Liberty, Non-Establishment and Religious Freedom’, Legal Theory 20(1) (2014): 42-77. I concur that basic liberal, democratic, and critical-republican principles must do the work when regulation by the civil state is at issue. Different forms of civil and religious association will require different ranges of protection depending on their purposes. But none merit being singled out as so unique and independent of considerations of civil justice that they are beyond the jurisdiction of civil law. Corporations are distinct agents under law but unlike natural persons they have no interests independent of the individuals composing, controlled and affected by them. The liberal democratic principle of equality of natural persons thus dictates that their associational rights must be limited by taking into account effects on the interests of all affected individuals and the community at large.201xPhilip Pettit, ‘Two Fallacies about Corporations’, ms. online
Accommodation-ists bemoan the shift from jurisdiction to justice, fearing that churches, like other civil associations, will be regulated according to requirements of liberal justice.202xSmith, Disenchantment of Secular Discourse, 131. It is against this possibility that the resurrection of the discourse of church autonomy, corporate claims to freedom of religion, and its restoration as an autonomous jurisdictional domain has to be understood. The project is to wrest key domains of jurisdiction from the civil state, to regain unique privileges, and to block regulation protective of members’ or employees’ civil rights under labour and other civil law. This goes together with the strident insistence that liberal justice and the liberal state itself cannot be justified in secular terms.203xIbid. Installing corporate forms of religious-status group legal pluralism under twenty-first-century conditions is a strategy to shift the political approach to religion away from considerations of liberal justice back to jurisdiction. Only a covert reliance on a political-theological conception of the corporate on the part of today’s jurisdictional pluralists would render the religious corporation immune to state regulation. The recent First Amendment decisions by the pro-corporate, states-rightist, anti-regulatory Roberts Court, when read in this light, are alarming indeed.
‘Real’ universal transnational religious corporate community is once again being counter-posed to the ‘particularism’ of the state. The autonomy of religious law and the corporate ‘freedom’ of religious nomos communities are on the agenda everywhere. The corporate religious want to regain control over this-worldly domains: education, family law, and now even parts of corporate business law. Their critique of state sovereignty is a counter-sovereignty bid aimed at the erection of a transnationally organized religious legal pluralism free at last from the primacy of the political and democratic civil regulation by the state or by secular transnational bodies. We should not let that happen.
1 The US constitution’s First Amendment states: ‘Congress shall make no law respecting the establishment of religion or prohibiting the free exercise thereof’. In the mid-twentieth century, this was applied to the states. Accommodation claims invoke the free exercise clause and a federal statue, the Religious Freedom Restoration Act (‘RFRA’), which reads as follows: the ‘Government shall not substantially burden a person’s exercise of religion even if the burden results from a rule of general applicability’ unless (1) the burden is necessary for the ‘furtherance of a compelling government interest’ and (2) the government action at issue serves as the ‘least restrictive means of furthering that compelling governmental interest’. 42 U.S. Code §§ 2000bb-1(a), (b).
2 Elizabeth Clarke, ‘Religions as Sovereigns: Why Religion is Special’, Bepress online publication February 2013 (available at <http://works.bepress.com/elizabeth_clark/16>).
3 Ethical integrity concerns cannot be restricted to the religious. See Paul Bo-Habib, ‘A Theory of Religious Accommodation’, Journal of Applied Philosophy 23(1) (2006): 109-126.
4 Hosanna-Tabor Evangelical Lutheran Church and School v. EEOC et al., 132 S. Ct. 694, 181 L. Ed. 2d 650 (2012); Burwell, Secretary of Health and Human Services, et al. v. Hobby Lobby Stores, Inc., et al., 573 U.S. ___ (2014).
5 Michael W. McConnell, ‘Accommodation of Religion’, The Supreme Court Review 1985 (1985). See also Douglas Laycock, ‘Regulatory Exemptions of Religious Behavior and the Original Understanding of the Establishment Clause’, Notre Dame Law Review 81 (2006).
6 See, e.g., Title VII of The Civil Rights Act of 1965, 42 U.S.C. §§ 2000e-2 et seq. (‘CRA’) (forbidding employment discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, gender, and national origin) and the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (‘ADA’), 42 U.S.C. §§ 12101 et seq. The provisions of these statues grant the EEOC enforcement powers under 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-5 (1964) (CRA) and 42 U.S.C. § 12117 (1990) (ADA).
7 Hosanna-Tabor Evangelical Lutheran Church and School v. E.E.O.C. et al., 132 S. Ct. 694, 181 L. Ed. 2d 650 (2012). The ADA prohibits an employer from discriminating against a qualified individual on the basis of disability and prohibits an employer from retaliating against any individual who reports such an act to the EEOC. 42 U.S.C. §§ 12101, 12203.
8 42 U.S.C. §§ 2000e-1(a).
10 Corp. of Presiding Bishop v. Amos, 483 U.S. 327 (1987).
11 For a critique of the Amos ruling, see Nancy L. Rosenblum, ‘Amos: Religious Autonomy and The Moral Uses of Pluralism’, in Obligations of Citizenship and the Demands of Faith, ed. Nancy L. Rosenblum (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2000), 170-1.
12 Leslie C. Griffin, Law and Religion: Cases and Materials, 3rd ed. (New York: Foundation Press, 2013), 202-10. Lower courts’ decisions gave rise to the idea of a ministerial exception. In a number of church property dispute cases, the Court ceded jurisdiction to the Church’s highest ecclesiastical tribunals.
13 ‘Until today, we have not had occasion to consider whether this freedom of a religious organization to select its ministers is implicated by a suit alleging discrimination in employment’. Hosanna-Tabor, 132 S. Ct. at 705, 181 L. Ed. 2d at 663. The ADA prohibits retaliation against employees complaining about potential discrimination to the EEOC.
14 Hosanna-Tabor, 132 S. Ct. at 697, 181 L. Ed. 2d at 654.
15 Ibid., 663-4. Notably, the Court cited the briefs of the parties, both of which refer to Roberts v. United States Jaycees, 468 U.S. 609, 622 (1984), which holds that a right to freedom of association can be found in the First Amendment.
17 Religious organizations endanger civil republics, as the establishment clause implicitly acknowledges. See James Madison, ‘A Memorial and Remonstrance Against Religious Assessments, June 20, 1785’, in Selected Writings of James Madison, ed. Ralph Ketcham (Indianapolis: Hackett Pub., 2006), 21-26.
18 Hosanna-Tabor, 132 S. Ct. at 706-7, 181 L. Ed. 2d. at 663-4.
19 Ibid., 673 (Alito, J., concurring). Despite the Court’s refusal to interpret religious doctrine, Justice Alito cites a biblical text, 1 Corinthians 6:1-11, as ground for the church’s policy that Christians should settle disputes among Christians rather than to take those disputes before the ‘ungodly’ for judgment. Ibid., n. 5.
20 See ibid., 668. The Court tried to circumscribe its holding ‘to this minister in this case’, stating that ‘we express no view on whether the exception bars other types of suits, including actions by employees…there will be time enough to address the applicability of the exception to other circumstances if and when they arise’. 710, 688.
21 Philip Cannata v. Catholic Diocese of Austin, et al., slip op., no. 11-51151 (5th Cir. Oct. 24, 2012). Cannata filed suit under the Americans with Disabilities Act, 42 U.S.C. §§ 1201 et seq., and the Age Discrimination in Employment Act, 29 U.S.C. §§ 621 et seq. Clearly the Court failed in its efforts to circumscribe.
22 New York Times (2.27.2015)
23 The Court frames the ministerial exemption as an affirmative defense on the merits, not as a jurisdictional bar. But its reasoning is tantamount to acknowledging a unique domain of jurisdiction and an extraordinary privilege of autonomy for religious organizations, denied to other associations. In effect it treats the ministerial exception as a kind of forum selection clause that would, if presented before a civil court, confine certain disputes to internal church decision-making institutions. See Hosanna-Tabor, 132 S. Ct. at 709, 181 L. Ed. 2d. at 667 n. 4.
24 Employment Division, Department of Human Resources of Oregon v. Smith, 494 U.S. 872 (1990).
25 Smith, 494 U.S. at 872. For a discussion, see The Immanent Frame: Secularism, Religion and the Public Sphere; Rethinking Secularism; ‘The Church’, website essay by Winnifred Fallers Sullivan, January 31, 2012.
26 Hosanna-Tabor, 132 S. Ct. at 697, 181 L. Ed. 2d. at 655.
27 Ibid., 659-61. Roberts’ opinion cites Michael W. McConnell, ‘The Origins and Historical Understanding of Free Exercise of Religion’, Harvard Law Review 103 (1990), among others, in presenting this genealogy of the First Amendment free exercise clause.
28 The Immanent Frame, website essay by Winnifred Fallers Sullivan.
29 Steven Smith, The Disenchantment of Secular Discourse (Harvard University Press, 2010), 113-5. See the text accompanying n. 138, infra.
30 This has long been the stance of Michael McConnell. See McConnell, ‘Accommodation of Religion’, and Michael W. McConnell, ‘Accommodation of Religion: An Update and a Response to Critics’, George Washington Law Review 60 (1992). For an earlier legal pluralist attempt at resurrecting what amounts to neo-medievalism see John Neville Figgis, Churches in the Modern State (London: Longmans, Green and Co., 1913).
31 Figgis, Churches in the Modern State, 123; Carl H. Esbeck, ‘A Religious Organization’s Autonomy in Matters of Self-Governance: Hosanna-Tabor and the First Amendment’, Engage 13 (2012); Douglas Laycock, ‘Church Autonomy Revisited’, The Georgetown Journal of Law and Public Policy 7 (2008): 253-78; Douglas Laycock, ‘Towards a General Theory of the Religion Clauses: The Case of Church Labor Relations and the Right to Church Autonomy’, Columbia Law Review 81 (1981): 1373-1417. See also the Church Autonomy Conference, Brigham Young Law Review 2004/4 (2004).
32 See Clark, ‘Religions as Sovereigns’.
33 573 U.S. (2014) (slip op.).
34 They have long qualified as persons under constitutional law for certain purposes. At issue here are religious freedom claims under RFRA. See, e.g., Joshua Barkan, Corporate Sovereignty: Law and Government under Capitalism (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2013), 67-82.
35 Hobby Lobby, 573 U.S. at 1-2 (syllabus).
37 Ibid., 9.
38 Hobby Lobby is a nationwide chain comprised of 500 stores and more than 13,000 employees. It is organized as a for-profit corporation under Oklahoma law. Mardel is a for-profit corporation under Oklahoma law, operating 35 bookstores employing nearly 400 people. Both are ‘family businesses’ owned and operated by the Greens and their children. Ibid., 13-14. Conestoga Wood Specialties is a for-profit business organized as a corporation under Pennsylvania law and is owned by the Hahns. Ibid., 11-12.
39 Ibid., 14-15. The petitioners are religious ‘integralist’ seeking to live all aspects of their life (personal, religions, work related, etc.) under their religious law.
40 Barkan, Corporate Sovereignty.
41 Hobby Lobby, 573 U.S. at 16.
43 John Dewey, ‘The Historic Background of Corporate Legal Personality’, Yale Law Journal 35 (1926): 655-73.
44 Ibid., 656, 663-4, 669.
45 See Morton J. Horwitz, ‘Santa Clara Revisited: The Development of Corporate Theory’, West Virginia Law Review 88 (1985): 223-4.
46 See James D. Nelson, ‘Conscience, Incorporated’, Michigan State Law Review (2013): 1573.
47 Kate Jackson points out in ‘More Taliban than Torquemada: Illiberal Implications of Hobby Lobby’s Right to Free Exercise’, (Thesis, Columbia University, 2014): 3 n. 4 (ms. on file with author), that these default rules contain provisions that favor executives and shareholders by reducing their respective collective action costs. They decline to do the same for employees.
48 David Ciepley, ‘Neither Persons nor Associations: Against Constitutional Rights for Corporations’, Journal of Law and Courts 1 (Fall 2013): 228. See also Horwitz, ‘Santa Clara Revisited’ and Turkuler Isiksel, ‘The Rights of Man and the Rights of the Man-Made: Corporations and Human rights’, paper presented at the American Political Science Association Annual Meeting, Washington, D.C., August 28-31, 2014: 22 (ms. on file with author).
49 Hobby Lobby, 573 US. at 18; Dictionary Act, 1 U.S.C. § 1.
52 Ibid., 18-19.
54 Ibid. That the HSS exemption for non-profit corporations holding themselves out to be religious might have been a mistake and a legal error as I believe, is never addressed by the Justices.
56 Ibid., 39-40 (note that Justice Alito puts ‘gender equality’ and ‘public health’, the terms of the HSS mandate, in scare quotes).
57 Because the government could have assumed the cost of the four contraceptives, it allegedly did not use the ‘least restrictive means’ required under RFRA. Yet it is not up to courts to devise governmental programs. Thanks to the decision the employees now have no coverage for the relevant contraceptives.
58 No statutory incorporation law states that shareholders ‘own’ the corporation. It is debated whether stockholders ‘own’ the corporation and questionable whether they have a superior claim over employees when it comes to transposing their interests.
59 See Horwitz, ‘Santa Clara Revisited’, 173, 181 and Dewey, ‘The Historic Background of Corporate Legal Personality’, 666-8.
60 Hobby Lobby, 573 U.S. at 14 (Ginsburg, J., dissenting); Trustees of Dartmouth College v. Woodward, 17 U.S. 518 (1819).
61 Barkan, Corporate Sovereignty, 19-39.
62 Paraphrasing Barkan, Corporate Sovereignty, 52.
63 Barkan, Corporate Sovereignty, 28-57 discussing privatization of the corporation after general incorporation statutes ended the use of charters as regulatory tools. But general incorporation statues for churches in the early nineteenth century went together with intrusive state regulation of self-regulation for public purposes. See Sarah Gordon, ‘The Place of the Faith: Religion and Property in American History’, paper presented at the Institute for Religion, Law & Public Life Lecture Series, Columbia University, November 14, 2014 (ms. on file with author).
64 Ciepley, ‘Neither Persons nor Associations’, 238-41.
65 Hobby Lobby, 573 U.S. at 14 (Ginsburg, J., dissenting).
67 Ibid.,15-17
70 Ibid., 14 n. 13.
73 Ibid., 32 (citing United States v. Lee, 455 U. S. 252, 259 (1982)).
75 For a theory of conscience, membership, affiliation and association that might justify certain accommodations see Nelson, ‘Conscience, Incorporated.’
77 Dewey, ‘The Historic Background of Corporate Legal Personality’, 666-9.
78 Ibid., 667
81 Ibid., citing Corporation of Presiding Bishop of Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints v. Amos, 483 U. S. 327, 342 (1987) (Brennan, J., concurring in judgment).
82 Dewey, ‘The Historic Background of Corporate Legal Personality’, 666.
83 Ibid., 667 (citing Ernst Freund, ‘Historical Jurisprudence in Germany’, Political Science Quarterly 5 (1890)).
84 This conception was imported into the US by pro-business theorists. See Horowitz, ‘Santa Clara Revisited’. The first US Supreme Court case to use real entity theory was Hale v. Henkel, 201 U.S. 43 (1906).
85 Ron Harris, ‘The Transplantation of the Legal Discourse on Corporate Personality Theories: From German Codification to British Political Pluralism and American Big Business’, Washington & Lee Law Review 63(4) (2006): 1421-78 at 1473.
86 Sometimes invoking real entity theory as the justification. See Horwitz, ‘Santa Clara Revisited’,175, 222.
87 Nelson, ‘Conscience, Incorporated’, 1573.
88 NLRB v. Catholic Bishop of Chicago 440 US 490 (1979) denying the National Labor Relations Board jurisdiction to certify unions to collectively bargain for lay teachers of secular subjects in religious schools.
89 See the debate over indeterminacy of corporate concepts between Dewey, ‘The Historic Background of Corporate Legal Personality’, 669-70 and Horwitz, ‘Santa Clara Revisited’, 224.
90 See Nelson, ‘Conscience, Incorporated’, 1573; Dewey, ‘The Historic Background of Corporate Legal Personality’.
91 McConnell, ‘Accommodation of Religion’; see, e.g., Brief for the Petitioner, Hosanna-Tabor, (filed June 2011) (submitted, in part, by Douglas Laycock) (available online at <www.americanbar.org/content/dam/aba/publishing/previewbriefs/Other_Brief_Updates/10-553_petitioner.authcheckdam.pdf>); Perry Dane, ‘The Varieties of Religious Autonomy’, in Church Autonomy: A Comparative Survey, ed. Gerhard Robbers (New York: Peter Lang, 2001) (cited by Brief for Amicus Curiae International Center for Law and Religion Studies at Brigham Young University in Support of Petitioner, Hosanna-Tabor, (submitted by Elizabath A. Clark, among others) (available online at <www.americanbar.org/content/dam/aba/publishing/previewbriefs/Other_Brief_Updates/10-553_petitioneramcuintlcenterforlawandrelstudies.authcheckdam.pdf>)).
92 See McConnell, ‘Accommodation of Religion: An Update’, 722. See also McConnell, ‘The Origins and Historical Understanding of the Free Exercise of Religion’, arguing that originally the Free Exercise Clause exempted individuals from civil laws to which they had religious objections if their non compliance was peaceful. For a rebuttal, see Phillip Hamburger, ‘A Constitutional Right of Religious Exemption: an Historical Perspective’, The George Washington Law Review 60 (1992): 932, arguing that even when Americans believed religious freedom was based on a higher authority than civil government, they did not conclude that this entailed an exemption from civil laws, nor that such exemptions were constitutionally required.
93 McConnell, ‘Accommodation of Religion’, 14 and Michael W. McConnell, ‘Believers as Equal Citizens’, in Obligations of Citizenship, ed. Nancy L. Rosenblum (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2000), 103. In the former he states, ‘…the nation is understood not as secular but as pluralistic’. But in the latter and later piece it is the American state, not the nation that is to be seen as religiously pluralist rather than secular, a far more contentious idea.
94 McConnell, ‘Believers as Equal Citizens’, 103-4, eliding the distinction between political and comprehensive secularism. See Rajeev Bhargava, ‘Political Secularism’, in The Oxford Handbook of Political Theory, eds. John S. Dryzek, Bonnie Honig, and Anne Phillips (Cambridge: Oxford University Press, 2008), 636-53 and Jean L. Cohen, ‘Rethinking Political Secularism and the American Model of Constitutional Dualism’, in Religion, Secularism and Constitutional Democracy, eds. Jean L. Cohen and Cecile Laborde (New York: Columbia University Press, forthcoming).
95 McConnell, ‘Accommodation of Religion’, 14.
96 McConnell, ‘Believers as Equal Citizens’, 103.
97 As does funding of religion for fairness reasons, at least according to McConnell. Michael W. McConnell, ‘Religion and its Relation to Limited Government’, Harvard Journal of Law & Public Policy 33 (2010): 943-52.
99 Ibid., 15 ‘If there is a God, His authority necessarily transcends the authority of nations; that, in part, is what we mean by God’.
100 The idea of a higher authority and government incompetence regarding religious truth is not restricted to monotheism or ‘Western’ religions argues Michael W. McConnell, ‘The Problem of Singling out Religion’, DePaul Law Review 50 (2000): 23.
101 Ibid.
104 Ibid., 29.
106 McConnell, ‘Accommodation of Religion: An Update’, 692.
107 My emphasis. McConnell, ‘Believers as Equal Citizens’, 91.
109 Smith, The Disenchantment of Secular Discourse, 113, 115. See also Perry Dane, ‘The Maps of Sovereignty: A Meditation’, Cardozo Law Rev 21 (1991), arguing that sovereign status of religious communities and plural legal jurisdictions is presupposed by the First Amendment religion clauses but that the latter is not the source of religion’s sovereignty.
110 Ibid., 116. See also Brian Tierney, Religion, Law and the Growth of Constitutional Thought (Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 1982), 1150-650 and Harold J. Berman, Law and Revolution: The Formation of the Western Legal Tradition (Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1983).
111 Smith, The Disenchantment of Secular Discourse, 123.
114 See Berman, Law and Revolution, and Ernst Kantorowitz, The King’s Two Bodies: A Study in Medieval Political Theology (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1957).
115 Kantorowitz, The King’s Two Bodies, 193-232; Otto Gierke, Associations and Law (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1977), 144-51.
116 Berman, Law and Revolution, 51, 95.
117 Kantorowitz, The King’s Two Bodies, 198.
118 Ibid., 202. See also Gierke, Associations and Law, 144-53.
120 Ibid., 208, 210, 228.
121 For Kantorowitz, political theology can entail the theologization of secular concepts, as in the case of the Roman concept of the corporation construed as a mystical body and the sovereign seen as the sacralized head of that body. It can also involve the politicization of theological concepts, as in the case of the theologized concept of the mystical organic body to describe ‘secular’ corporations. Kantorowitz, The Kings Two Bodies, 192. The secularization of theological concepts is a third conception used by both Kantorowitz and Schmitt. For the latter, ‘political theology’ also refers to the homology between metaphysical/religious worldviews and conceptions of political order. See Carl Schmitt, Political Theology: Four Chapters on the Concept of Sovereignty (Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 1985), 46.
122 Berman, Law and Revolution, 95 (addressing the sovereignty claims of the Pope).
123 Ibid., 108.
124 Ibid., 109 and 265-9 (for a description of the special powers and privileges of the clergy).
128 Smith, Disenchantment of Secular Discourse.
129 Berman, Law and Revolution, 269.
130 This challenges the Cambridge School that accords fourteenth-fifteenth century republicanism a central role in the revival of constitutionalism. See, e.g., Quentin Skinner, The Foundations of Modern Political Thought (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1978).
131 Smith, Disenchantment of Secular Discourse, 131.
132 Ibid., 134-5.
134 Ibid., 123. See also Michael McConnell, ‘Accommodation of Religion’, and McConnell, ‘Accommodation of Religion: An Update’. For an earlier legal pluralist attempt at resurrecting what amounts to neo-medievalism, see Figgis, Churches in the Modern State.
135 There is a burgeoning literature on church autonomy. See the papers presented at the Annual International Law and Religion Symposium of the International Center for Law and Religion Studies, published in Brigham Young University Law Review 2004 (2004).
136 See Smith, Disenchantment of Secular Discourse; Perry Dane, ‘The Maps of Sovereignty’ and Perry Dane, ‘The Corporation Sole and the Encounter of Law and Church’, in Sacred Companies, Organizational Aspects of Religion and Religious Aspects of Organizations, eds. Nicholas Jay Deremath III, et al. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1998); Paul Horowitz, ‘Churches as First Amendment Institutions: of Sovereignty and Spheres’, Harvard Civil Rights and Civil Liberties Review 44 (2009): 79-132 and Clark, ‘Religions as Sovereigns’.
137 Jean L. Cohen, ‘The Politics and Risks of the New Legal Pluralism in the Domain of Intimacy’, International Journal of Constitutional Law 10 (2012): 380-97 (on the different forms of ‘legal’ pluralism).
138 Clarke, ‘Religions as Sovereigns’, 7.
139 Ibid., 7.
141 Ibid., 12. See Dane, ‘The Maps of Sovereignty’.
143 On the British pluralist school see Paul Q. Hirst (ed.), The Pluralist Theory of the State (New York: Routledge, 1989).
144 Gierke, Associations and Law; see Cecile Laborde, Pluralist Thought and the State in Britain and France 1900-1925 (London: Macmillan Press, 2000), especially Chapters 2 and 4, on French anarchist pluralists and corporatist legal pluralists. See also Barkan, Corporate Sovereignty, 81-85 and Harris, ‘The Transplantation of the Legal discourse on Corporate Personality’.
145 While their conceptions of the pluralist state differed, ranging from an organic coordination scheme (Figgis), to a functionalist contractual integration scheme (Laski and Cole), to more corporatist models (Duguit), their critiques of the monistic state and of state sovereignty were quite similar as was their insistence on the spontaneous autonomous nature of group life. See Hirst (ed.), The Pluralist Theory of the State, and Laborde, Pluralist Thought and the State in Britain and France, 46-47.
146 Figgis, Churches in the Modern State, 41-42. For the socialist pluralists, the emphasis was on solidarity in workers associations but for Figgis, with his Anglican-catholic bent, it was on an organic traditional conception of community.
147 Ibid. Disestablishment in the US did not end state regulation of religion. Indeed easy access to corporate status through general incorporation came with state regulation. General incorporation statutes in the various American states assumed that churches would be congregationally structured, with the laity exercising firm control over the clergy and economic activity limited to generating sufficient income to pay a pastor and maintain a meetinghouse. So-called mortmain provisions sharply limited how much property a church could own, the purposes for which it could be used, and the methods by which it was to be controlled and state laws stipulated requirements regarding internal governance. Gordon, ‘The Place of the Faith’.
148 Figgis, Churches in the Modern State, 47-48 arguing the sui generis origin of family, churches, clubs, trade unions. It was not until 1919 that he acknowledged the ethical value of trade unions due to their principle of solidarity (brotherhood).
149 On the special Christian mystical conception of organic corporate community. See Gierke, Associations and Law, 145.
150 Figgis, Churches in the Modern State, 36, 40.
151 Ibid., 37, 43 (emphasis added).
152 For a critique of the pluralist conceptions of the state, see Carl Schmitt, ‘The Ethic of State and the Pluralistic State’, in The Challenge of Carl Schmitt, ed. Chantal Mouffe (London: Verso, 1999), 195.
153 Harold Laski, ‘The Pluralist State’, in The Pluralist Theory of the State, ed. Hirst, 187-8.
154 Figgis, Churches in the Modern State, 85.
155 Harold Laski, ‘Law and the State’, in The Pluralist Theory of the State, ed. Hirst, 214.
156 Ibid., 197-8; Figgis, Churches in the Modern State, 83-84.
157 Paul Q. Hirst, ‘Introduction’, in The Pluralist Theory of the State, ed. Hirst, 2.
158 Laski, ‘The Pluralist State’, 185, 188.
159 Laborde, Pluralist Thought.
160 Harold Laski, ‘The Problem of Administrative Areas’, in The Pluralist Theory of the State, ed. Hirst, 131-63.
161 Figgis, Churches in the Modern State, 41-42.
163 See Schmitt, ‘Ethic of the State and Pluralistic State’, 187-8.
164 Carl Schmitt, The Concept of the Political, trans. George Schwab (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2007), 41-42, n. 17 (claiming that for Laski the Church serves as a stalking horse for the labor unions. The reverse is also clearly true for Figgis).
166 Schmitt, ‘Ethic of the State and Pluralistic State’, 200.
167 Schmitt, The Concept of the Political, 42.
169 Despite the fact that Laski taught at Harvard from 1916 to 1920 and was the first scholar to offer a pluralist reading of the Tenth Federalist Paper.
170 Harris, ‘The Transplantation of Legal Discourse on Corporate Personality Theories’, 1443. Laski makes this point in ‘The Pluralist State’, 185, 198. An American ‘pluralist’ theory of the state did emerge at the time through the work of Bentley but that was a theory of interest group politics, expanded later into a full blown analytical approach to American government.
171 Gordon, ‘The Place of the Faith’.
172 See the work of Dane, Smith, McConnell, Horwitz, Laycock, etc., cited herein.
173 Jean L. Cohen, Globalization and Sovereignty (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012), 21-41, discussing alternatives to the absolutist model of sovereignty.
174 Ibid., 1-41.
175 H.L.A Hart, in The Concept of Law (London: Oxford University Press, 1997), argued this position against organ sovereigntists such as John Austin. Carré de Malberg, in Contribution à la Théorie Générale de l’Etat (Paris: Libraire de la Société du recoil siry, 1920), did so against the French organ sovereigntists.
176 A.V. Dicey, Introduction to the Study of Law and the Constitution (New York: MacMillan and Co., 1889).
177 Schmitt, ‘Ethic of State and Pluralistic State’, 202.
178 Schmitt, Political Theology, 36ff.
179 Schmitt, ‘Ethic of State and Pluralist State’, 201. I do not share Schmitt’s new political theology of sovereignty based on the miracle and on the theory of sovereign dictatorship.
180 Rainer Forst, ‘The Justification of Human Rights and the Basic Right to Justification: a Reflexive Approach’, Ethics 120(4) (2010): 711-40.
181 Andrew Arato, ‘Forms of Constitution Making and Theories of Democracy’, Cardozo Law Review 17 (1995): 202–254; Andreas Kalyvas, ‘Popular Sovereignty, the Constituent Power, and Democracy’, Constellations 12(2) (2005): 223-44.
182 Claude Lefort, ‘The Image of the Body in Totalitarianism’, in The Political Forms of Modern Society (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1986), 302 (citing Kantorowitz, The Kings Two Bodies).
183 Claude Lefort, ‘The Question of Democracy’, in Democracy and Political Theory (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1988), 16-17. See also ‘The Permanence of the Theologico Politico?’, in ibid., 213-55.
184 Claude Lefort, ‘Politics and Human Rights’, in The Political Forms of Modern Society (Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 1986), 255.
185 Lefort, ‘The Image of the Body and Totalitarianism’, 303.
186 Lefort, ‘Politics and Human Rights’, 249-57; and Jean L. Cohen and Andrew Arato, Civil Society and Political Theory (Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 1992).
187 Andrew Arato, ‘Political Theology and Populism’, Social Research 80(1) (2013): 143-72.
188 Ran Hirschl, Constitutional Theocracy (Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 2010).
189 Clark, ‘Religions as Sovereigns’, 18-22; Horwitz, ‘Churches as First Amendment Institutions’; Dane, ‘The Maps of Sovereignty’.
190 Cohen, Globalization and Sovereignty, 39-40.
191 But see James W. Nickel’s interesting counter-argument in ‘Who Needs Freedom of Religion?’, University of Colorado Law Review 76 (2005): 941-64.
192 Hirschl, Constitutional Theocracy.
193 Bhargava, ‘Political Secularism’ and Cohen, ‘Rethinking Political Secularism and the American Model of Constitutional Dualism’.
194 West Virginia Board of Education v Barnette 319 U.S.624,653 (1943) (J. Felix Frankfurter).
195 Dane, ‘The Maps of Sovereignty’, 966.
196 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-1(a).
197 Rosenblum, ‘Amos: Religious Autonomy and the Moral Uses of Pluralism’.
198 See Cohen, ‘The Politics and Risks of the New Legal Pluralism in the Domain of Intimacy’, 380-97, for a taxonomy of modes of regulation of religious associations by the state.
199 James Nickel, ‘Who Needs Freedom of Religion?’, 11.
200 Cécile Laborde, ‘Equal Liberty, Non-Establishment and Religious Freedom’, Legal Theory 20(1) (2014): 42-77.
201 Philip Pettit, ‘Two Fallacies about Corporations’, ms. online
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Posts made in: 'Gig Harbor' (39) Currently Viewing: 1 - 10 of 39
March 27, 2015 at 7:51am
Tournament of Mac and Cheese: Second Round baby!
By Ron Swarner Comments
Bar Bistro's mac and cheese (pictured) battles the mac and cheese from The Galley at 7 Seas Brewing today. Photo credit: Pappi Swarner
Tournament of Mac and Cheese bracket
Download, print, tape to refrigerator and follow the hot mac and cheese action!
FRIDAY, MARCH 27: FOUR MAC AND CHEESE GAMES ON THE DOCKET >>>
It's a simple equation: elbow macaroni plus cheese equals mac and cheese. But hidden within this simple formula is a universe of variety. Stovetop or baked? Macaroni or penne? Bacon or crab? Everyone who makes this classic American staple, from national fast-food joints to local mom and pops, has choices to make. And in those choices lie the path to greatness.
The field of 64 South Sound mac and cheese dishes has been voted down to 32 in the mother of all mac and cheese brackets. You've seen the carnage: chain restaurants fell, powerhouses butted heads and lobster mac and cheese dishes are making a run at the prize. Welcome to the Second Round. ...
Game 1: Eleven Eleven (1111 S. 11th St., Tacoma) vs. Farrelli's Pizza (4870 Yelm Hwy., Lacey)
It's good to be bearded brothers Justin and Rob Peterson. Their co-venture Galley food truck in front of 7 Seas Brewery was victorious in the First Round. Their Valley restaurant and bar down the street from the Tacoma Dome also won. And their first venture, the Eleven Eleven, beat Farrelli's Pizza in Lacey yesterday, capturing 86 percent of the votes. It's safe to assume the beards stay, in more ways than one.
Game 2: Smoke + Cedar (2013 S. Cedar St., Tacoma) vs. Johnny's Seafood Market & Bistro (1199 Dock St., Tacoma)
In the closest battle of the day, although it wasn't that close, Smoke + Cedar grabbed 72 percent of the vote for the win. Surprisingly, Johnny's Seafood's patio on a glorious sunny day wasn't a factor. Once Smoke + Cedar's skillet full of owner Gordon Naccarato's version of the Augusta National pimento cheese recipe got hot, it was over. Smoke + Cedar moves into the Second Round and a March 30 date with Eleven Eleven.
Game 3: Maxwell's Restaurant & Lounge (454 St. Helens Ave., Tacoma) vs. Homestead Restaurant & Bakery (7837 S. Tacoma Way, Tacoma)
Maxwell's took second place in last year's Tournament of Burgers. Their experience came to the forefront during yesterday's game against the barn-dwelling Homestead. Ignoring the late-afternoon penalty the Homestead received for counting their chickens before they hatched, Maxwell's 81 percent of the vote victory came from the one-two punch of sharp white cheddar and crispy bacon. Maxwell's moves into the Second Round.
Game 4: Ramblin Jacks (520 Fourth Ave. E., Olympia) vs. H.G. Bistro (1618 E. Main Ave., Puyallup)
Ramblin Jacks must have been rambling too much. The downtown Olympia Southern-influenced American barbecue and pizza joint was all over the place during their game with H.G. Bistro, the popular downtown Puyallup restaurant with a killer happy hour. H.G. Bistro included Facebook posts as part of their game plan, a plan that also included cooking tasty mac and cheese. H.G. Bistro grabbed 76 percent of the vote and moves into the Second Round and a March 30 date with Maxwell's.
Let's weed through the cheese. The following are advancing to the Second Round:
Elven Eleven
Smoke + Cedar
Maxwell's Restaurant & Lounge
H.G. Bistro
The daily mac and cheese battles here on Served in the South Sound are sponsored by BITE Restaurant & Bar inside the Hotel Murano.
OK, let's check out today's Second Round mac and cheese battles. Vote for one mac and cheese dish per battle. Voting for today's mac and cheese battles ends at 11:45 p.m.
Tomorrow's Second Round Mac and Cheese Battles
Game 1: Harmon Brewery & Eatery (1938 Pacific Ave., Tacoma) vs. Over The Moon Café (709 Opera Alley, Tacoma)
Game 2: The Forum Tacoma (815 Pacific Ave., Tacoma) vs. BITE at Hotel Murano (1320 Broadway, Tacoma)
Game 3: Marrow Kitchen + Bar (2717 Sixth Ave., Tacoma) vs. Southern Kitchen (1716 Sixth Ave., Tacoma)
Game 4: Westside Tavern (1815 Harrison Ave. NW, Olympia) vs. El Gaucho (2119 Pacific Ave., Tacoma)
At 6 p.m. Monday, April 6, join us at McNamara's Pub & Eatery in DuPont for the Official Tournament of Mac and Cheese Party - our winner will be announced during halftime of the NCAA Men's Basketball Championship game.
Filed under: Tournament of Mac and Cheese, Tacoma, Gig Harbor,
Tournament of Mac and Cheese: Day 6 First Round games and yesterday's winners
Top of Tacoma Bar and Cafe serves a mac and cheese with prosciutto, pork belly, tomato or pesto options. Photo credit: Pappi Swarner
Download, print, hang on your refrigerator and follow the mac and cheese action!
TUESDAY, MARCH 24: FOUR MAC AND CHEESE GAMES ON THE DOCKET >>>
The seed was planted last April during our Tournament of Burgers Championship party at Meconi's in downtown Tacoma. After taking second place to the Westside Tavern, Maxwell's chef Hudson Slater suggested mac and cheese for the Weekly Volcano's 2015 food tournament.
The South Sound Tournament of Mac and Cheese launched Thursday with 64 mac and cheese joints battling toward the championship game April 6. Follow along with the Tournament of Mac and Cheese bracket attached (below and to the right).
Without further ado, let's take a gander at yesterday's results, and then preview today's matches. ...
Game 1: C.I. Shenanigans (3017 Ruston Way, Tacoma) vs. Applebee's (10407 Gravelly Lake Dr. SW, Lakewood)
The nice thing about being a number one seed is it usually means you've got a paddy-cake game the first round. So was the case for Tacoma waterfront restaurant C.I. Shenanigans, which easily handled the 16-seeded Applebee's by securing more than 96 percent of the vote. Even better, Shenanigans survived the contest without wacky promotional schemes such as asking diners to rewrite popular songs with Applebee's menu items as the lyrics ... so bonus!
Game 2: Crown Bar (2705 Sixth Ave., Tacoma) vs. Tides Tavern (2925 Harborview Dr., Gig Harbor)
Serving delicious mac and cheese to intoxicated masses on Sixth Avenue is business genius, probably why Tacoma's Crown Bar does it. However, name recognition also goes long way - and Tides Tavern has been slinging food and drinks wearing boat shoes for ages. In this contest, late night food carried the day, with the Crown Bar securing roughly 70 percent of the votes and winning easily.
Game 3: Topside Bar and Grill (215 Wilkes St., Steilacoom) vs. Engine House No. 9 (611 N. Pine St., Tacoma)
If there's a trend developing it's that Tournament of Mac and Cheese voters are wowed by unique toppings. Sure, and fancy mac and cheese can get you somewhere in the Tournament of Mac and Cheese, but it doesn't guarantee anything - and your cheese sauce foundation has to be sound before voters will get behind some of the stranger stuff. While Topside Bar and Grill gushes beautiful view and community feel, voters flocked toward the down home, Tailgate-style, Lit'l Smokies laden mac and cheese goodness of Engine House No. 9 in this contest, awarding the old firehouse roughly 83 percent of the vote.
Game 4: Paesan Kitchen and Bar (1705 Dock St., Tacoma) vs. Southbay Dickerson's BBQ (619 Legion Way NE, Olympia)
Fontina cheese is the star ingredient in Paesan Kitchen & Bar's gooey baked penne pasta, although the leeks, egg, mustard, chili flakes, grated Parmesan and breadcrumbs would tell you different, if they could. It's baked ... and so is Southbay Dickerson's BBQ after this battle. The downtown Olympia barbecue joint threw everything and the kitchen sink at Paesan, but the tiny Dock Street Tacoma's kitchen was too much for Dickerson's. With 88 percent of the votes, Paesan Kitchen and Bar advances to the Second Round and a March 29 date with Engine House No. 9.
C.I. Shenanigans
Crown Bar
Engine House No. 9
Paesan Kitchen and Bar
OK, let's check out today's First Round mac and cheese battles. Vote for one mac and cheese dish per battle. Voting for today's mac and cheese battles ends at 11:45 p.m.
Tomorrow's First Round Mac and Cheese Battles
Game 1: Metropolitan Market (2420 N. Proctor St., Tacoma) vs. Uncle Thurm's Finger Lickin' Ribs & Chicken (3709 S. G St., Tacoma)
Game 2: Rosewood Café (3323 N. 26th St., Tacoma) vs. Serious Soul Café (35501 21st Ave. SW, Federal Way)
Game 3: Oakhouse Restaurant & Bar (8102 Zircon Dr. SW, Lakewood) vs. King Solomon's Reef (212 Fourth Ave. E., Olympia)
Game 4: Mac N More (9323 Martin Way E., Lacey) vs. Silvers Saloon (2752 Pacific Ave. SE, Olympia)
Filed under: Tournament of Mac and Cheese, Tacoma, Gig Harbor, University Place, Lacey, Olympia,
Tournament of Mac and Cheese: First Round action, plus yesterday's results
Engine House No. 9's Tailgate Mac And Cheese (pictured) takes on the Topside Bar & Grill in today's Tournament of Mac and Cheese action. Photo credit: Pappi Swarner
MONDAY, MARCH 23: FOUR MAC AND CHEESE GAMES ON THE DOCKET >>>
It's Monday, March 23, which means I tempt you with more South Sound mac and cheese battles in the Tournament of Mac and Cheese. First, a touch of mac and cheese history: Thomas Jefferson helped make macaroni and cheese popular in the United States after sampling it in Italy. He brought home a pasta maker and introduced the dish in 1802. Mac and cheese is obviously the food of presidents, for it was also Ronald Reagan's favorite. Reagan enjoyed a little dry mustard and Worcestershire in his mac and cheese.
Game 1: Harmon Brewery & Eatery vs. McNamara's Pub & Eatery
Unexpectedly, this was an epic battle ... the kind of thing Tournament of Mac and Cheese "instant classics" are made of. A surprisingly low scoring affair, with much of the action on defense, the fifth seeded Harmon Brewery & Eatery and the 12th seeded McNamara's Pub & Eatery were in a dead heat - literally tied - going into the final hours of the competition. Back at Weekly Volcano World Headquarters, Tournament of Mac and Cheese officials frantically discussed what to do in the case of a tie? Overtime? Coin flip? See which establishment could deliver mac and cheese to our Lakewood office the fastest? In the end, The Harmon edged out the win, securing exactly 52.94 percent of the vote. This one will go down in the history books.
Game 2: Over The Moon Café vs. Quickie Too
Over The Moon Cafe quickly comes to the lips of many when discussing the best South Sound mac and cheese. So, perhaps it's no surprise that the romantic café tucked in Tacoma's Opera Alley frequented by lunching ladies and lovers alike did serious damage in yesterday's action, kicking Niombi and James Howell's beloved vegan restaurant to the curb while garnering 59 percent of the vote. Over The Moon Cafe moves on as a mac and cheese to reckon with in later rounds of Tournament of Mac and Cheese action.
Game 3: Westside Tavern vs. The Swiss Restaurant & Pub
Westside Tavern and The Swiss Restaurant & Pub battled back and forth all day, changing leads several times. It's our guess that Westside Tavern's Facebook push might have made the difference as the Westside Olympia joint ended up edging out The Swiss with 59 percent of the votes.
Game 4: El Gaucho vs. Panera Bread
The other close game was El Gaucho vs. Panera Bread. We dropped by both restaurants yesterday to check out the behind-the-scenes game day action. Surprisingly, the quieter one - El Gaucho -ended up winning with 55 percent of the votes. It could be that the downtown Tacoma fine-dining restaurant was pushing their Washington wines hard. Smart move. El Gaucho will meet Westside Tavern in the second Round March 28. Lives will change after this one.
Harmon Brewery & Eatery
Over The Moon Cafe
Westside Tavern
El Gaucho
Game 1: Masa (2811 Sixth Ave., Tacoma) vs. Steel Creek American Whiskey Co. (1114 Broadway, Tacoma)
Game 2: Chambers Bay Grill (6320 Grandview Dr. W., University Place) vs. Lunchbox Laboratory (4901 Point Fosdick Dr. NW, Gig Harbor)
Game 3: Ricardo's Restaurant (5211 Lacey Blvd. SE, Lacey) vs. Oly Rockfish Grill (700 Fourth Ave. E., Olympia)
Game 4: Top of Tacoma Bar and Café (3529 McKinley Ave. E., Tacoma) vs. South Bay Pub & Eatery (3323 S. Bay Road NE, Olympia)
Filed under: Tournament of Mac and Cheese, Tacoma, Lakewood, Gig Harbor, Steilacoom, Olympia,
Tournament of Mac and Cheese: Yesterday's results, today's First Round games ...
Pacific Grill's Mexi Mac + Cheese (pictured) faces off with Tugboat Annie's radiatore pasta mac and cheese today. Photo credit: Pappi Swarner
Following on the successful heels of the Weekly Volcano's 2014 Tournament of Burgers, we present a new NCAA Basketball tournament-like event. We're hosting daily games that pit one restaurant against another, leaving it to you, the reader, to decide the final outcomes all the way down to a final four and then a grand championship. (For newbie readers, Olympia's Westside Tavern edged out Tacoma's Maxwell's Restaurant in the final seconds of last year's Tournament of Burgers.)
This year, we pit 64 South Sound restaurants offering the ultimate comfort food - macaroni and cheese.
Game 1: STINK Cheese & Meat vs. Penny's on the Blvd.
STINK Cheese & Meat stuck to the winning formula: a mac and cheese roux of mild and sharp cheddar with a quarter stick of cream cheese, which helps bind it together. STINK's weekly rotating gourmet mac and cheese dishes are complex and textbook perfect, whether it's a truffle version or the fun cheeseburger mac and cheese. This foundation can grabs wins alone, but STINK dropped a bomb on Penny's on the Blvd. when the Tacoma Triangle District über deli announced their converting their neighboring wine bar into a Spanish Tapas restaurant. BAM! STINK dominated from start to finish, grabbing 82 percent of the votes, and a trip to the Second Round.
Game 2: Sorci's Italian Café vs. Doyle's Public House
Sorci's Italian Café is a quaint spot nestled in downtown Sumner, with beautiful outdoor seating on their back patio, and at night, its interior is the center of romance with dim lighting, candles and soft music in the background. Doyle's Public House has Jameson Irish whiskey ... oh, and delicious mac and cheese. The United Kingdom-style pub put the dispsy-doo double-a-roo on Sorci's, securing 85 percent of the votes from way at the end of the stovetop, BANG! Doyle's will face STINK in Second Round action March 27.
Game 3: The Hub vs. Viva Tacoma
A veteran of the Weekly Volcano's food tournaments, The Hub channeled its experience and put the hurt on vegetarian restaurant Viva Tacoma in Thursday's First Round action. Grabbing 71 percent of the votes, the Stadium District pizza and beer hub dominated the stove the entire game, only letting up slightly when Viva unleashed a whole bunch of texturized vegetable protein. The Hub moves into the Second Round.
Game 4: Boathouse 19 vs. Red Robin
Boathouse 19 grabbed Red Robin by the beak and kicked them out of the nest with a whopping 97 percent of the votes. Boathouse 9 moves to the Second Round, facing The Hub March 27.
STINK Cheese & Meat
Doyle's Public House
Boathouse 19
Game 1: The Forum Tacoma (815 Pacific Ave., Tacoma) vs. Sparks Firehouse Deli (621 5th St., Puyallup)
Game 2: BITE at Hotel Murano (1320 Broadway, Tacoma) vs. Famous Dave's Bar-B-Que (1901 S. 72nd St., Tacoma)
Game 3: Marrow Kitchen + Bar (2717 Sixth Ave., Tacoma) vs. Great American Casino (10117 S. Tacoma Way, Lakewood)
Game 4: RAM Restaurant & Brewery (10019 59th Ave. SW, Lakewood) vs. Southern Kitchen (1716 Sixth Ave., Tacoma)
Filed under: Tournament of Mac and Cheese, Gig Harbor, Tacoma, Olympia,
March 18, 2015 at 11:49am
Taste Gig Harbor this weekend
By Jackie Fender Comments
Morso Wine Bar will serve its morsels at the Taste of Gig Harbor March 21. Photo courtesy of Facebook
There's a troll that lives under the bridge. He grimaces and holds me for ransom, then gobbles up my money every time I try to return home to Tacoma. Well, I mean, there isn't, but there may as well be. It's that damn toll. The toll makes Gig Harbor seem like some far off rumored land when really it's just a hop away. This is precisely why the Taste of Gig Harbor wasn't even a blip on my radar, and for that I feel ashamed. How could I have missed this fundraising celebration of Gig Harbor's culinary prowess and sense of community?
Gig Harbor is full of delectable and diverse dining options including fine dining digs The Green.House, burger joint Blazing Onion, classy Morso Wine Bar, exotic eats at Moctezuma's and Gateway to India, neighborhood restaurant and bar The Hub at Gig Harbor, neighborhood digs at Tides Tavern, golf-guru-go-to Canterwood Golf and Country Club and even culinary academic institute Bates Technical College, all of which have or are participating in this year's Taste of Gig Harbor's festivities on March 21.
The idea is that participating establishments set up kiosks along Tacoma Narrows Airport, and attendees choose which grub to nibble - or which libations to sip; count Heritage Distilling Company among the sponsors, which means you'll find something to pair perfectly with everything, regardless of what cuisine you choose. While noshing and sipping, take in live and silent auctions, a wine game and raffles, and mingle with fellow community minded folks. Proceeds benefit the Gig Harbor Rotary Club. That means warm fuzzies and a full belly plus, if you're lucky, prized booty won from bidding done well.
Now in its 24th year, Taste of Gig Harbor is in the business of fundraising while also bringing people together over the one thing that has successfully brought people together for eons: food. This is likely the reason why the festivities serve as the club's largest fundraising event of the year, because there is nothing more in this world that will bring the masses together better than food, drink and a worthy cause.
Founded in 1974, the Rotary has been standing true to the "service above self" motto while its members invest their time in deeds like placing Connie's Clock at the Bogue Viewing Platform in Gig Harbor's Finholm District, rebuilding the Orthopedic Guild that benefits Mary Bridge Children's hospital, building the public restrooms and pavilion in Skansie Brothers Park, and refurbishing and donating the Midway School building to the Gig Harbor History Museum. This is work that takes passion, vision and dollars.
So use this as an excuse to urban spelunk in our sister city, which is just a short drive over the bridge along with a million dollar toll (OK, OK, it's only $5.50), and dine on some good grub for a good cause.
TASTE OF GIG HARBOR, 5:30-10 p.m., Saturday, March 21, Tacoma Narrows Airport, 1188 26th Ave. NW, Gig Harbor, tasteofgigharbor.com
Filed under: Benefits, Culinary Events, Gig Harbor,
Beer Here: Breakside, Pelican, Spinnaker Bay, Hops of March IPA, St. Patrick's Day ...
The new 7 Seas Brewing growlers arrive this weekend. Photo courtesy of Facebook
Hello South Sound beer enthusiasts. Here is your workout leading up to St. Patrick's Day. ...
From a three-barrel brewing system in Woodlawn, Oregon in 2010 to a 20,000 barrels per year in Milwaukie, just south of Portland, Breakside Brewing may hold the record for the highest number of different beers brewed in a year - 83 in 2012, 92 in 2011 and 100 in 2013. The Red Hot hosts the crew from Breakside for a few of their more unique and rare offerings, including the GABF-award-winning Wanderlust IPA, Liquid Sunshine Pilsner, Lunch Break ISA, Safe Word Triple IPA, Tropicalia Saison, New World Bruin, La Tormenta Sour, Salted Caramel Stout and Bourbon Barrel Aztec. Tapping begins at 5 p.m.
The Puyallup River Alehouse turns into a Raven's Nest when Black Raven Brewing Company out of Redmond, Washington, flies in at 6 p.m. Black Raven was opened in 2009 by Robert "Beaux" Bowman, who honed his brewing skills at Mac & Jack's Brewing, the now-defunct Far West Ireland Brewing and a few other local breweries. Cross your fingers for some Black Raven barrel-ages.
Thrill-seeking accountant Marcy Larson and chemical engineer Geoff Larson, both 28, founded Alaskan Brewing Co. in 1986 - Juneau, Alaska's first brewery since Prohibition. From the historically based Alaskan Amber recipe to alder-smoked malts and Sitka spruce tips, Alaskan beers reflect Juneau's local brewing history and innovation. Alaskan's rotating spring seasonal this year is the Big Mountain Pale Ale. Made with a variety of hops, its flavors range from tropical fruit to resinous pine. Six Alaskan beers will be served at Pint & Quarts Lacey beginning at 6 p.m. Go drink a Sitka spruce.
If you're thinking cider, then head to Pint Defiance from 5-7 p.m. and hang out with No. 6 Cider Company out of Seattle. Named after the hand-dug railway tunnel that lead to the expansion in the Pacific Northwest, No. 6 created hand-crafted ciders such as Honey Ginger Cider, Pomegranate Cider and others next to the railway.
Beachfront Pelican Pub & Brewery sits just off the dunes in the resort town of Pacific City, Oregon. Pelican's magnificent view beats the view out of The Copper Door in Tacoma's Stadium District, but it's all good through the bottom of a pint of Red Lantern IPA, Silverspot IPA, Stormwatcher's Winterfest and other Pelican brews, which will stick their beaks into Copper Door from 6-9 p.m.
Do you purposefully walk under every ladder? Seek out black cats? Open umbrellas inside all the time? Then why not toast your affinity - or respect - for superstition with some Hopworks Urban Brewery beers at Gravity Beer Market in Olympia. The Portland, Oregon brewery will pour Galactic Imperial Red Ale, Motherland Russian Imperial Stout, Nonstop Hef Hop, Survival stout and Rise Up Red Ale from 5-7 p.m.
Loosen up your drinking arms and test-run your offensive-to-the-Irish-community T-shirt at the St. Patrick's Day Pre-funk & Release Party at Puyallup River Alehouse. Puyallup River Brewing will be unleashing their springtime seasonals - St. Paddy's Day stout, Springtime Brown Ale and Green Cream Ale - beginning at 6 p.m. They'll also be tapping a keg of Cockrell Hard Ciders' Green Apple Cider. How do like them apples?
Narrows Brewing in Tacoma will release an ESB Friday in their taproom. It's the first Narrows brewing beer released by new head brewer Mike Davis.
Lucky Eagle Casino and Hotel is dealing themselves in the beer festival game hosting their first annual Beer and Wine Festival from 1-5 p.m. For $20 advance (1.800.720.1788) or $25 at the door, you will receive a commemorative pint or wine glass, eight drink tickets and a straight line to Dick's Brewing Co., Hi-Fi Brewery, Mt. St. Helens Cellars and others.
When you think of a brewmaster, you probably envision a bearded fellow in a trucker hat. But not at Spinnaker Bay Brewery in the Hillamn City neighborhood in Seattle. The woman-founded, -owned, and -run brewery and taproom brews some damn strong, tasty beer without beards. Founded in 2012 by Janet Spindler and Elissa Pryor, Spinnaker creates "big flavorful beers with attitude," and those beers are boss this Saturday when they take over the taps at Morso Wine Bar in Gig Harbor from noon to 3 p.m.
Northwest Brewing Co. just outside of Sumner hosts a party with green beer and Dan Benz & Friendz on stage.
The new 7 Seas Brewing growlers will arrive in their taproom (3006 Judson St., Gig Harbor) Saturday at 11 a.m. This year's edition, once again, features imported glass from Germany and is decorated by Gig Harbor's Fresh Northwest Design. The growlers are $75, with a coupon for $2 off your next growler fill. For those who have last year's edition, grab your growler and drop in Friday to grab your same number (1-500).
It's March ... meaning Madness is in the air. Sixty-four well-oiled competitors (for the most part) will tip off and do battle - working their way through the tediously-constructed bracket and toward ultimate supremacy. We speak, of course, of the Weekly Volcano's Tournament of Mac and Cheese, which begins March 19 on our ServedintheSouthSound.com blog. Apparently, a college basketball tournament is also slated to go down this month. The NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament selection announcement hits the tube Sunday, and the Harmon Tap Room in Tacoma will broadcast it beginning at 3 p.m. Ridding the wave of enthusiasm for our Tournament of Mac and Cheese, or more likely the hoops tourney, Harmon brewmasters Jeff Carlson has, once again, released his Hops of March IPA. Every March, Harmon releases this hoppy IPA, but rotates the hops. This year, the hops varieties of Magnum, Amarillo, Rainier, Cascade and Horizon - M.A.R.C.H. - were brewed with five malted barleys to give this medium- to full-bodied IPA (6.8 percent ABV, 90 IBUs) a brown color similar to a basketball. Nothing but the bottom of the pint, baby! Drink it up at one of Harmon's four houses of beer, including the Harmon Tap Room.
Your last name may not be O'Neil or McCarthy, but in the South Sound, we all have a little bit of Irish in us. Irish and Scotch-Irish served as crew aboard Spanish, English and U.S. vessels that explored the Puget Sound during the second half of the 18th century. They participated in land-based explorations as well. And now, here we are in this hodgepodge of a region. We're hardworking, tax-paying citizens (most of us any way), and we deserve the right to wear our finest green attire and down a pint at nine in the morning every bit as much as anyone who's authentically Irish. Fish Brewing Company will release this year's Over & Oat Oatmeal Stout and Hodgon's Double IPA at 5 p.m. in their Fish Tale Brewpub (515 Jefferson St. SE, Olympia). Westside Pints & Quarts (625 Black Lake Blvd. SW, Olympia) will pour Tullamores, Iron Horse Irish Death and Guinness. O'Blarney's Irish Pub (4411 Martin Way E., Olympia) will offer an outdoors Guinness VIP beer garden. The Forum (208 S. Meridian, Puyallup) will fire up the black and tans. Pacific Brewing & Malting Co. (610 Pacific Ave., Tacoma) will host a St. Patrick's Day party featuring new releases Belgian Golden Ale and Galaxy Session IPA. The Hub (1208 26th Ave. NW, Gig Harbor) will pour Green Pale Ale and Jameson Oak Soaked Stryker Stout during its St. Paddy's Day celebration.
Filed under: New Beer Column, Gig Harbor, Tacoma, Puyallup, Olympia, Lacey,
Catch a beer flight in the South Sound
Grab a 7 Seas Brewing beer flight and land on their front patio. Photo credit: Pappi Swarner
Beer festivals are an excellent way to sample a wide range of craft breweries and styles. But if the festival scene doesn't sound appealing, beer fans can create their own diverse festival at their own pace on almost any day of the week - while also getting the most bang for your buck and more beer for your belly. The answer: flights.
Fortunately for those fickle souls among us, most South Sound breweries and a few bars and restaurants offer beer flights. If you can't decide what beer to taste on a night out, taste as many as possible with these various flights put together by beer aficionados. Some establishments, such as Narrows Brewing Company, remove the burden of choice by offering a curated flight - often featuring their most recent brewed beers.
Of course, many places offer build-your-own flights, which opens a door to endless possibilities (and hours of waffling back and forth). If you can't make up your mind or have no idea where to even start when picking the beers yourself, ask your server; he or she should be happy to help fill out your flight or offer suggestions to get you started.
Either way, beer flights can widen your beer knowledge or help a friend broaden a narrowly focused viewpoint, as well as be a cost-effective way to train your palate to recognize the differences between similar brews.
Vertical flights demonstrate the way a specific beer can change when properly cellared, but they are more rare and usually reserved for special events. Finding several beers from a single brewery on tap is more common, providing a feel for a brewery's character. If you're in a restaurant or bar, multiple breweries most likely will be offered in a single flight.
Typically, flights land on a paddle or tray, six to eight small glasses full of beer, for a single price. Sometimes, the beers are priced a la carte.
My South Sound travels revealed most flights land with beers lightest to darkest. Generally, the lightest beers have a gentler character, lower ABV and lower hop bitterness than darker beers. If a dark beer is sampled before a light beer, it is likely that much of its character will be lost behind the forward charisma of the dark one.
Travis Guterson, head brewer at 7 Seas Brewing, suggests arranging his beers according to their hops content.
"Think about what's going to wreak the most havoc on your palate," says Guterson. "The rule of thumb is starting with the flavors that are going to be the more mellow, subtle, and move toward the more bold, hoppy flavors. Hops, in particular, tend to have a numbing effect on your senses. They can burn your taste buds out. We suggest not arranging by mellow to bold, but rather least hoppy to most hoppy. I'll put our Rotating Imperial Stout before our IPA, Ballz Deep Double IPA and Cascadian Dark Ale. Starting with our Belgian Style Blonde Ale is a good bet, then on to the Cutt's Amber, the 253 Pilsner, then the Stout, CDA and last, the IPAs. Of course, this is a bit beer geeky; the main goal is to taste several beers and have fun with friends."
My originally scheduled beer column for this week (different subject matter) was postponed due to technical difficulties. Since I logged some beer flight miles (didn't open the bag in the seat pocket once), I thought I'd post my beer flight column early (I had planned to visit many other establishments). Please check the reader board for how this affects your connecting flights.
7 Seas Brewing
The Gig Harbor brewery allows drinkers to mix and match any of their beers on tap. Each deep, handsome long-wooden crate comes with four ($5), six ($8) or eight ($10) 5-ounce glasses filled with whatever your heart desires. If you're one of those people who loathes making important decisions like what to drink on Friday night, you could just drink seasonals or IPAs. You could also drink single 5-ounce pours for $1.50. 11 a.m. to 8 p.m. Sunday-Tuesday, 11 a.m. to 9 p.m. Wednesday-Saturday, 3006 Judson St., Gig Harbor, 253.514.8129
Narrows Brewing Company
The waterfront brewery is the perfect place to while away sunny days sipping on Joe Walts' handiwork while watching boats float along the Narrows waterway. To try more beer for less money, order a flight of six 5.5- to 6-ounce pours for $10.50. Bartenders Mary and Taylor pick the beers, which typically are the most recently brewed beers. 2-9 p.m. Monday-Thursday, noon to 11 p.m. Friday and Saturday, noon to 6 p.m. Sunday, 9007 S. 19th St., Tacoma, 253.327.1400
Odd Otter Brewing Company
You can mix and match or go with a server's recommendation based upon your preferences, but you can't really go wrong with the beer available at Odd Otter Brewing Company in downtown Tacoma. Known for their unique flavors - Ottermelon Hefeweizen, Cozy Camper Amber, Momma Otter's Pancake Porter and on and on - Odd Otter serves their beer flights in a la carte 5-ounce tasters for $2 an Otter - which are discounted during happy hour. Their beer paddle holds six, but more can certainly ride shotgun. Warning: The beer slots on the paddle are very shallow so find a spot and stay put.11-2 a.m. Thursday-Sunday, 716 Pacific Ave., Tacoma, 253.209.7064
Pacific Brewing & Malting Co.
Down the street from Odd Otter, historic Pacific Brewing only drilled five holes in the old logs they used to carry their flights. Don't cry South Sound, the pours are 7-ounces for $14, and you can pick the beers. You know how Pacific Brewing is: Go big or go home. Their Moon Yard Strong Ale (7.3% ABV/89 IBU) with strong hop flavor and bitterness (named after a neighboring railway yard) and Dirty Skoog IPA (8.1% ABV/73 IBU) double IPA (named after a rumored speakeasy in Old Tacoma during Prohibition) is how they think. 4-10 p.m. Wednesday and Thursday, noon to 10 p.m. Friday and Saturday, noon to 6 p.m. Sunday, 610 Pacific Ave., Tacoma, 253.383.BEER
Pint Defiance
The specialty beer store and taproom on the edge of Fircrest doesn't offer beer flights, but rather a "Sunday Beer Sampler" from 11:30 a.m. to 4 p.m. Assistant Manager R.J. Adler runs the Sampler, typically choosing four 3- to 4-ounce pours from bottles out of the cooler, centered around a theme - a specific brewery, certain beer style, holidays, topical event or, if he can, his favorite sours. "It's a way to try a unique bottled beer without drinking all 22-ounces," says Adler. The price runs $4 to $5.50. Bonus: Pint Defiance's third annual Valentine's Day Chocolate & Beer Event will feature special draft releases paired with artisanal chocolate from local Cocoa Tantily Feb. 13 and 14. 11:30 a.m. to 10 p.m. Sunday-Thursday, 11 a.m. to 11 p.m. Friday and Saturday, 2049 Mildred St. W., Tacoma, 253.302.4240
The Red Hot
The Tacoma Sixth Avenue craft beer and hot dog joint will pour you 5-ounce tasters of any of the 24 beers on tap for $2 less than the posted price. No paddles ... unless you're a jerk. 11 a.m. to 11 p.m. Monday-Thursday, 11 a.m. to midnight Friday and Saturday, 9 a.m. to 11 p.m. Sunday, 2914 Sixth Ave., Tacoma, 253.779.0229
Wingman Brewers
The Tacoma Dome District brewery serves a minimum of six 5.5-ounce pours for $12. According to head brewer Ken Thoburn, patrons will receive one of everything on tap that he has brewed. 2-9 p.m. Thursday, 2-11 p.m. Friday and Saturday, 2-9 p.m. Sunday, 509 ½ Puyallup Ave., Tacoma, 253.256.5240
Filed under: New Beer Column, Gig Harbor, Tacoma,
February 2, 2015 at 12:00pm
Served Blog Banner Girl: Q&A with bartender Brie Schafer of 7 Seas Brewing
A veteran of the restaurant industry, Brie Schafer is the newest bartender at 7 Seas Brewing in Gig Harbor. Photo credit: Pappi Swarner
Every week we swap out the Served banner art above, introducing you to the people who serve food and drinks in the South Sound. This week, meet Brie Schafer.
Server Banner Girl, Feb. 2-8, 2015
Brie Schafer
After many years at The Ram Restaurant & Brewery on South Hill Puyallup, several years at Marrow on Tacoma's Sixth Avenue and a short stint at Brix 25 in Gig Harbor, Brie Schafer has fully come into her own behind the taps at 7 Seas Brewing in Gig Harbor. She knows how to warm a room - even if the room is a huge taproom.
Why do you serve?
"I started in the industry when I was 15 - as a busser. It seemed like a fun first job. Quickly I fell in love with the family and friendships that come from working so close. I have stayed in the industry for 20 years now because I love people. I am a natural caretaker. I love to host and make people feel full, satisfied and buzzed. It just fits; I get to do what I love. I get to take care of people."
Who is your favorite server in the South Sound?
"Jacob O'neill at Marrow. When I first met Jacob he was still new in the industry. It has been a pleasure to watch him quickly became a true professional and craftsman."
What are you most proud to serve?
"Currently our Belgium style Blonde. It is delicious! All the beer in the taproom is made with much care and love. Mike, Travis and all the brewers have such a passion to make craft beer. It is easy to sell good product made by good people."
What's you current drink of choice?
"I know I should say beer, but ... Tits & Bouch! A shot of Titos and a glass of Kombucha is all this girl needs. I like fancy food and simple drinks."
What's your favorite movie?
"Goonies. It still makes me unreasonably happy. Goonies never die!!!"
What don't you serve?
"Bullshit. You get what you see with me! I am in a place in my life where I am able to be genuine and in a place in my career where I don't have to serve mass produced crap made by people who don't care."
What's on your radar at 7 Seas Brewing?
"7 Seas is constantly going out to the community doing fun things - bringing our tasty beer to all your pretty faces. We are constantly keeping it fresh with rotating seasonals too. Personally, I am looking forward to finding my place in this family of rad people."
7 SEAS BREWING, 11 a.m. to 8 p.m. Sunday-Tuesday, 11 a.m. to 9 p.m. Wednesday-Saturday, 3006 Judson St., Gig Harbor, 253.514.8129
LINK: Meet other South Sound servers
Filed under: Served Banner Models, Gig Harbor, New Beer Column,
Beer Here: Gigantic Brewing, Avery Brewing, Hop Valley, Tides' Tapmaster line-up ...
Tides Tavern in Gig Harbor kicks off its Tapmaster program - 16 beers in the 28 days - Super Bowl Sunday.
As Super Bowl Sunday approaches, I'm thinking about beer. Who wants to be sipping wine or cocktails? Sudsy brews are de rigueur. Here are a few South Sound craft beer events to hit before the big game. Maybe you'll walk away with your Super Bowl beers.
WEDNESDAY, JAN. 28
Last week Double Mountain Brewing out of Hood River, Oregon, released their My Little Runaway-Belgian Style Cherry Ale. Like all beers at Double Mountain, the My Little Runaway is unfiltered for the purpose of preserving freshness and flavor. This cherry ale contains a small amount of natural fruit and yeast sediment that forms on the bottom of the bottle. No word if the beer will make an appearance at the Double Mountain Brewer's Night at Puyallup River Alehouse from 6-9 p.m.
Last month, Gigantic Brewing released its 2013 Massive! Barleywine. The aptly named barleywine always features one malt boiled for at least nine hours in the direct fire kettle, resulting in toffee and caramelized sugar malt flavors and evaporation over the long boil results in higher finished alcohol - 13.5 percent. Gigantic! Conquer this beer and meet its founder, Ben Love, when Pint Defiance hosts the Gigantic Brewing Company Brewer's Night from 5-7 p.m. The Portland brewery, which opened in 2011, will also tap its Gigantic IPA, Ginourmous IPA and Saboteur Baltic Porter. Go big!
In 1991, Homebrewer Jeff Lebesch opened New Belgium Brewing Company in Fort Collins, Colorado. The brewing company has ridden its Fat Tire amber ale across the country - most recently building huge plants in North Carolina, especially Asheville. There are other reasons they have become so big and successful. Le Terroir, La Folie and Tart Lychee are three of those reasons, but there are dozens more. Chat up and drink New Belgium beers at The Swiss Restaurant and Pub, beginning at 6 p.m.
THURSDAY, JAN. 29
Hey kids! Want to black out before the Super Bowl? Then you're in luck, cause Avery Brewing is bringing its demonically strong Mephistopheles Stout to The Copper Door beer store and taproom. First brewed in 2005 as the third installment in Avery's "Demons of Ale" series, it measures in at 14.5 percent alcohol. That's evil. Take note Uber drivers: The Stadium District beer store will also pour Avery's Tweak, Lilikoi Kepolo, Ellie's Brown Ale, India Pale Ale and White Rascal. Of note is the White Rascal, which was brewed at New Belgium last year while Avery built a 96,000-square-foot facility in the Gunbarrel area of Boulder - so it can push out around half a million barrels of beer annually. The new plant opens Feb. 16. The Avery Brewing Night at The Copper Door runs 6-9 p.m. Thursday.
FRIDAY, JAN. 30
How did Dick's Brewing raise more than $5,700 for American Cancer Society's Relay for Life of Lewis County this past September? It held a home brew contest and invited folks to celebrate the winners with beer drinking, auctions and raffles. The winner for the 4th Annual Beer for a Cure was Tom Rzadzki and his Black Rye IPA. Friday, Dick's Brewing will host a release party for Tom's beer from 3-7:30 p.m., as well as and having Black Rye IPA on tap at the brewery tasting room and neighboring NW Sausage & Deli.
SATURDAY, JAN. 31
Eugene native and brewmaster Trevor Howard opened Hop Valley Brewing Friday, Feb. 13, 2009. Indeed, he and his father, Ron Howard, Jonas Kungys and Chuck Hare chose Friday the 13th. Good luck has only come their way, as Hop Valley has undergone incredible growth. Drop by the Pig Bar inside South Bay Dickerson's BBQ and get an early start on the brewery's six-year anniversary by sipping a healthy Hop Valley line-up, win prizes and get in on some tasty ribs from 6-9 p.m.
SUNDAY, FEB. 1
These days, South Sound pubs offer more activities than a cruise ship. Tides Tavern wants to make it crystal clear its 12th Annual Tapmaster program isn't about chugging yards of beer then taking a flying leap off the dock into the harbor. Instead, the popular watering hole in Gig Harbor wants you to enjoy its 16 taps through the month of February. Get to know each beer. Ask the beers questions. Ask the bartenders questions. If by happenstance you drink all 16 beers in the 28 days, the Tides will give you a nifty T-shirt and add your name to the wall of fame. Here is the 2015 Tapmaster beer (and cider) list: Fremont Pale Ale, Mac N Jacks IBIS IPA, Tides Tavern Long Ass Day X2IPA, American Brewing Blonde, Alaskan Amber, Tides Tavern Anniversary IPA, Manny's Pale Ale, Hilliard's Saison, Pacific Brewing Porter, Backyard Brewing Winchester Brown, Silver City Cold One Pilsner, Seattle Cider Company's Cider, Elysian Mens Room Red, Iron Horse Irish Death, 7 Seas Stout on nitro and Widmer Hefeweizen.
THURSDAY, FEB. 5
Plan Ahead: Engine House No. 9 will host a Trinity Brewing Night with five on tap and three different brews in bottles. Trinity head brewer and owner Jason Yester will be in the firehouse.
Filed under: New Beer Column, Tacoma, Gig Harbor, Puyallup, Olympia,
January 26, 2015 at 12:00pm
Harmon Brewing upgrades Stryker Stout
Harmon Brewing Co.'s Stryker Stout has a new recipe. Look for the upgraded stout in stores beginning Jan. 29. Photo credit: Pappi Swarner
When you make a rock-solid stout that's named after the mighty combat teams at Joint Base Lewis-McChord, you get to be in my column. It doesn't hurt that it's also a delicious smooth stout made with oats, chocolate and hints of cherry. Here's the after action report. ...
Feb. 27, 2002, the U.S. Army officially named its medium-weight armored vehicle the Stryker after two unrelated infantrymen with the same last name - Pvt. Stuart S. Stryker (1945) and Spec. Robert F. Stryker (1967), both Medal of Honor recipients. The first Strykers arrived at Fort Lewis in May of that year, 14 vehicles for A Company, 5th Battalion, 20th Infantry Division. By June, the Strykers were training at the Yakima Training Center. July 1, the Army made it official creating the Stryker Brigade Combat Team, or SBCT. In September, the 3rd Infantry Brigade became the 3rd Stryker Brigade at Fort Lewis. Fort Lewis sent the first of the nation's Stryker brigades - 5th Stryker Brigade, 2nd Infantry Division - into action in the war in Iraq in 2003. The 3-2 SBCT also deployed to Iraq in 2003. In 2005, the 4th Brigade, 2nd Infantry Division "Raiders" was formed and activated at Fort Lewis the following year. July 2010, the 5-2 SBCT was inactivated and reflagged as the 2nd Stryker Brigade Combat Team, 2nd Infantry Division "Lancers," at the reformatted Joint Base Lewis-McChord. In October 2011, the Harmon Brewing Co. released their Stryker Stout. Last March, during an hour inactivation ceremony, the 4-2 SBCT recognized for eight years of stellar service and became victim to the Army's downsizing from 45 to 33 active brigades. Last week, the Harmon Brewing Co. released a new recipe and look for their seasonal Stryker Stout, now on tap at the Harmon downtown and Tap Room in the Stadium District, as well as bottled for retail and on draft at its two Hub restaurants Jan. 29.
Harmon Brewing Co. co-owner Pat Nagle has a grip on the look and names of the beers he releases with his business partner, Carole Ford. Nagle, an enthusiast for everything outdoors, baseball and Tacoma, marries his passions with his products - a snowboarder on their Steep & Deep Winter Ale, kayaker on their Pt. Defiance IPA - but Nagle's mother takes the credit for naming their stout after the armored vehicle. She felt the servicemembers at JBLM should be recognized, and the Stryker Stout was born.
"We've always hosted lots of Hail and Farewell parties at the Harmon," Nagle told the Weekly Volcano. "The military is a huge thing for our local economy." Also, Nagle has had family members serve in the U.S. forces, including JBLM.
The Harmon's seasonal beers appear in October and are served on tap at the four restaurants for about four months. Nagle broke tradition in 2011, and decided to bottle Stryker Stout.
"We felt it was too good to be served just at our locations," he said.
The Harmon brewing team also thought it needed a new recipe.
"Mike Davis, who was the Harmon's head brewer for 15 years, brewed the Stryker Stout," said Jesse Holder, director of brewing operations at Harmon. "Jeff Carlson, our new head brewer for the last several years, wanted to change it up and put his mark on the important brew."
"The tweaks to the Stout are a little more 15L, Carafa Type II, Pale Chocolate, Flaked Oats and Chocolate Wheat," said Carlson. "I also added some 120L and Cherry Smoked malt."
The Stryker Stout's components are a combination of six different malted barleys including a special cherry smoked variety plus some chocolate wheat and rolled flaked oats for a smooth sipper with hints of cherry and a little smoke in the aroma and finish. A 7.3 percent alcohol by volume puts in the mid-range for stouts; its 46 IBU bitterness is similar to Guinness.
It's a stout to salute, as well as drink.
HARMON BREWERY & EATERY, 1938 Pacific Ave., Tacoma, 253.383.2739
HARMON TAP ROOM, 204 St. Helens, Tacoma, 253.212.2725
THE HUB, 203 Tacoma Ave. S., Tacoma, 253.683.4606
THE HUB GIG HARBOR, 1208 28th Ave. NW, Gig Harbor, 253.853.1585
Filed under: New Beer Column, Military, Tacoma, Gig Harbor,
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The 7 Sex Moves Men Love Most
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How to give him the hottest lovemaking of his life — and yours.
BY SUSAN CRAIN BAKOS
Men joke that any sex is good sex — and they’re not entirely kidding. They’re biologically designed to be gratified in bed more quickly and easily than we are. But when pressed, almost every man will admit that sometimes sex is better than good. Certain sex moves drive them crazy in the best possible way. Women who know these moves hold the kind of power over men that inspires great art, novels and films. And you don’t have to be lithe or athletic to perfect them. In fact, they’re ridiculously easy to learn.
The seven techniques here are guaranteed to thrill him — and make him eager to please you in return. The couples who’ve tried them can attest to that.
Let him watch
What it is: Moving in a way that is specifically intended to excite him
How to do it: Men are erotic visualists, more intensely aroused by visual stimulation than women are. Some men say that watching a woman climax is the ultimate form of arousal for them.
Many women touch themselves discreetly during intercourse to facilitate orgasm. Few realize they can use this little move with a theatrical flourish to arouse their men. Next time you’re ready to make love and he isn’t particularly interested, put on a sexy shirt and nothing else (except maybe black thigh-high stockings and a pair of heels) and assume a provocative position, with your back against the headboard, legs open and bent at the knees. Place two fingers in an inverted V straddling your clitoris.
What couples say:
“This is one of the sexiest things a woman can do for her man. When she touches herself and looks into his eyes, she’s sharing a part of herself he can’t have any other way. I want my wife to do this for me — I fantasize about it — but so far she hasn’t.”
— Brad, 29
“The idea embarrasses me. I don’t want to watch him, so why does he want to watch me? I’ll probably do it someday just to please him, but I’ll need a glass of wine first.”
— Kristen, 27, his wife
“She looks at me while she’s doing it. She takes long, slow strokes; and I go from zero to a 90-degree erection in no time. When her hips start moving faster and her eyes get heavy, I have to have her now.”
— Jeff, 35
“I feel so powerful when I have that kind of immediate and intense effect on him. The electricity we generate from eye contact would light a room. If you can’t be a shameless exhibitionist with your husband, then with whom?”
— Lisa, 34, his wife
Stand up your man
What it is: A manual wake-up call for him
How to do it: Men love to be stroked, fondled and handled with authority by expert female hands — and they love watching a woman take manual erotic control of them. If he’s having trouble getting a firm erection, rub a small amount of oil or lubricant onto your palms and put one hand firmly around the base of his penis. Work the other hand from the base up to the head in a circular, twisting motion, as if you were following a winding staircase up his appendage. Caress the head with your palm. Then start at the bottom again. This staircase goes only one way: up.
If he’s sensitive around his perineum (the space between his testicles and anus), adjust the hand gripping the base of his penis so you’re free to massage the perineum with a finger or your thumb. Or pay attention to his testicles if he likes that. When he has a full and firm erection, guarantee his stamina by using this stroke: Open your hand and form a V with your thumb and index finger. Slide his penis between the V so the flat of your palm caresses the shaft, and move upward from the base to the head. Again, only move up.
“The women I knew before I met my wife held me the way a wimpy guy shakes hands. You don’t want that. You don’t want a crusher, either. Tessa has the perfect touch; I let her take charge. When she starts that little twisting move with her hand, I spring to life.”
— Michael, 37
“If you really like something, you’re probably good at it. And I love knowing I can get him really aroused simply by using my hands.”
— Tessa, 30, his wife
“The upward strokes really work. There’s probably a psychological component to it: It’s like she’s pulling my sexual energy upward too.”
— James, 40
“I love being with James. Younger men can get erections so quickly that a woman doesn’t have the opportunity to apply much manual skill. I’m a visual woman, so I get aroused doing this too.”
— Deborah, 29, his wife
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Take matters into your own hands
What it is: A hand job like he’s never had — and couldn’t possibly give himself
How to do it: This is really a two-hand job. Begin by clasping your lubricated hands together, fingers interlaced, tightly around him (but not so tightly, of course, that you cut off his circulation). Move your hands up the shaft in one long twisting motion followed by the same motion as you work your way back down. Now vary that move by eliminating the twist. When he has a firm erection, clasp your hands at the top of the shaft. Gently contract and release them around the shaft at approximately one-second intervals. Keep doing this up and down the shaft, stopping at the rim where the shaft meets the head.
Alternate the twisting and the contracting strokes until he is ready for launch. Then hold him firmly in both hands, gently contracting them in time with his spasms. Finish him off by running your thumb from the base of the shaft on the underside up to the head.
“When she contracts and releases her hands around me, the sensations echo in my head like erotic heartbeats. A woman who is really good with her hands is an expert lover.”
— Jake, 33
“Jake has a higher sex drive than I do. He wants sex every day, sometimes more on weekends. I like to do this for him, especially on a lazy weekend afternoon, because it gives us a special connection.”
— Angela, 31, his wife
“When she does this for me, I feel the orgasm building more gradually than when we have intercourse. It’s strong, intense. And I can watch.”
— Marco, 32
“I experience him in a different way when I feel him in my hands from the way I do during intercourse. Every movement is exaggerated, maybe because I see it happening.”
— Kim, 33, his wife
Perfect the stand-up kiss
What it is: A way to arouse him or restore his flagging erection during lovemaking
How to do it: This can arouse him when he thinks he’s not in the mood; it’s the most direct route to a state of heightened readiness. Holding his penis firmly in one hand, take it in your mouth, moving the head and the top third of the shaft in and out. When he becomes erect, use a variety of strokes, including these two:
The twist and swirl: Use one hand to do the circular twisting motion described in move No. 2 as you swirl your tongue around the corona (the ridge separating the shaft from the head), paying particular attention to the frenulum (the small piece of skin where the head meets the shaft).
“Cathy used to lick like I was an ice-cream cone. Then one day she did this little swirling thing with her tongue around the rim, and it gave me a tremendous erection. That inspired her creativity.”
— Dennis, 39
“I love feeling that I can have him whenever I want simply by using my skills. Last night I surprised him: He came into the bedroom complaining of being tired and having a headache. I was naked. He was fully dressed. I unzipped his pants: He wasn’t tired and achy anymore. The sex was great.”
— Cathy, 38, his wife
“The combination of her hand and her tongue, both twisting and swirling, is intense and irresistible. I may be tired, but when she puts that special move on me, I become a man of steel.”
— Joe, 34
“Control is important. I do this move long enough to give him an erection with staying power, but without taking him into the zone where he’ll come too soon. I have to stop myself, because I really get into playing with him.”
— Meg, 31, his wife
Give him the ultimate delight
What it is: Oral sex all the way
How to do it: He’ll be eternally grateful for this one. Do the steps in move No. 4 until he’s close to orgasm. Then gradually draw him in, as much of him as you can comfortably handle, keeping a hand firmly around the rest (use your thumb and forefinger to form a ring — an okay sign — and place this ring around your mouth). Move your tongue around the shaft. Pull in your cheeks to create suction. Open your mouth to release the suction, but keep the tip of your tongue engaged. With the palm of one hand or your thumb, massage the perineum.
“I love the way her mouth feels around me, and I also love watching her. I’m always so grateful that I’ll do anything she wants when it’s her turn.”
— Mark, 35
“This is the most intimate, loving thing a woman can do for her man. I really enjoy making Mark happy in such a special way. It gives me satisfaction too.”
— Julie, 35, his wife
“I love the way she silently uses her cheeks to create suction. She is so elegant and beautiful, I can’t believe she is willing to do this for me.”
— Brian, 39
“I use that little okay-sign technique. Conquer the gag reflex and you’ve conquered your man.”
— Elaine, 33, his wife
Take the roundabout path
What it is: An arousing spin on the female-superior position
How to do it: Men love the special moves women make in the female-superior position. To increase his excitement and visual stimulation — and intensify clitoral and G-spot stimulation for you — move on an oval track rather than straight up and down. Imagine you’re circumscribing an oval with your body, with the downstroke at one end of the oval, the upstroke at the other. Lean forward slightly as you push down on him, stimulating your clitoris. Pull up and move backward slightly on the upstroke, stimulating your G spot. (Can’t find your G spot? It’s a patch of skin a third of the way up the front vaginal wall, easily reachable with your fingers.)
“When she’s on top and she moves in this oval fashion — wow! I can’t get that sensation when I’m on top, no matter how I vary my thrusting. She’s a sex goddess.”
— Kevin, 32
“I actually discovered my G spot in this position. The orgasms I have on the oval track feel like they’re emanating from two places at once. I come in waves. That makes him more excited, and his orgasms seem to be stronger too.”
— Mandy, 34, his wife
“Watching her make that oval circuit is as exciting as feeling it. Sometimes she throws her arm up in the air like she’s riding a mechanical bull.”
— Gianlucca, 31
“My pleasure really turns him on. This is my best move because I can gyrate myself into a big orgasm.”
— Anna, 34, his wife
Adjust the angle
What it is: A variation on the rear-entry position that dramatically improves the experience for both of you
How to do it: This simple adjustment to the basic rear-entry position accomplishes two worthy goals: It presents your buttocks in the most flattering way possible and it increases G-spot stimulation. Never had a G-spot orgasm? You just may have one now.
Here’s how you do it: Kneel on the edge of the bed and have your man stand behind you. Lie with your chest flat on the bed and elevate your hips at a steeper angle than you would normally do in this position. This elongates the vaginal barrel, making the fit tighter and creating additional stimulation for both of you.
“I love looking at my wife’s buttocks, and I love the fact that I feel larger when I enter her this way.”
— Leo, 39
“When my buttocks are elevated that high in the air, the little cellulite-pocked areas where the buttocks meet the thighs smooth out. I look good. When you look hot, you feel hot.”
— Bree, 32, his wife
“The fit is tight; the view is extraordinary. And she really gets into her own experience. I like watching her from this position.”
— Derek, 34
“We both enjoy the deep penetration we get. And I get a lot of sensation in my nipples with my breasts pressed against the bed.”
— Sherrilyn, 31, his wife
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Kihwan Sim
Bass-Baritone
Korean bass-baritone Kihwan Sim makes his Royal Opera debut in the 2017/18 Season as First Nazarene (Salome).
Sim studied at Yonsei University College of Music and the Hochschule für Musik und Theater, Hamburg, with Geert Smits. His awards include first prize at the Mirjam Helin International Singing Competition and the International Long-Thibaud-Crespin Competition, and second prize at the Neue Stimmen Competition and the Paris International Opera Competition. He made his European debut in 2010 as Figaro (Le nozze di Figaro) for Darmstadt State Theatre, with subsequent engagements including Masetto (Don Giovanni) at the Savonlinna Opera Festival. He joined the ensemble of Frankfurt Opera in 2012, where his roles have included Duke of Albany (Reinmann’s Lear), Colline (La bohème), Figaro, Talbot (Maria Stuarda), Count Rodolfo (La sonnambula), Procida (I vespri siciliani), Gottardo (La gazza ladra), Raimondo Bidebent (Lucia di Lammermoor), Oberto, Nick Shadow (The Rake’s Progress), Silva (Ernani) and Escamillo (Carmen). Engagements elsewhere include Procida for Nice Opera and Colline for the Metropolitan Opera, New York, and Cologne Opera.
Sim’s discography includes Das Liebesverbot and Ariadne auf Naxos, both on Oehms Classics. Television appearances include on Rolando Villazón’s Stars of Tomorrow.
John Daszak as Herod, Konu Kim as Fourth Jew, Dietmar Kerschbaum as First Jew, Kihwan Sim as First Nazarene and Dominic Sedgwick as Second Nazarene
View these photos on Flickr
Most recent productions
Cast as First Nazarene
Kihwan Sim | Opera Connection
www.opera-connection.com
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Release Day Blitz: The Fine Art of Pretending, by Rachel Harris
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According to the guys at Fairfield Academy, there are two types of girls: the kind you hook up with, and the kind you're friends with. Seventeen-year-old Alyssa Reed is the second type. And she hates it. With just one year left to change her rank, she devises a plan to become the first type by homecoming, and she sets her sights on the perfect date—Justin Carter, Fairfield Academy’s biggest hottie and most notorious player. With 57 days until the dance, Aly launches Operation Sex Appeal and sheds her tomboy image. The only thing left is for Justin actually to notice her. Enter best friend Brandon Taylor, the school’s second biggest hottie, and now Aly’s pretend boyfriend. With his help, elevating from “funny friend” to “tempting vixen” is only a matter of time. But when everything goes according to plan, the inevitable “break up” leaves their friendship in shambles, and Aly and Brandon with feelings they can’t explain. And the fake couple discovers pretending can sometimes cost you the one thing you never expected to want.
An exhale of breath leaves Brandon’s lips, almost like a laugh, and he scoots closer to me on the blanket. I twist my legs under myself, sitting tall as I face him. He cups my chin and tilts it toward him, drowning me in the now dark-green depths of his eyes, the cologne I gave him for his birthday filling my head. It’s woodsy and yummy and I always loved how it smelled on the store testers, but on Brandon, it’s even sexier. My eyes flutter closed, and I inhale again, this time slowly. Goose bumps prickle my arms, and my head gets fuzzy. Brandon slides his hand down the column of my neck and brings the other up, threading his fingers through the hair at my nape. His breath fans across my cheek, and everything south of my bellybutton squeezes tight. When his mouth first meets mine, it’s hesitant, questioning. But as I move my lips with his, he quickly grows bolder, coaxing them apart. Desire, pure and raw, electrifies my veins as his tongue sweeps my mouth. A whimpering sound springs from my chest, and instinctively, I wrap my arms around his neck, tugging him closer. Needing more. My teeth graze his full bottom lip, and I pull it, sucking on it gently. He moans and knots his fingers in my hair, and a thrill dances down my back. Brandon is an amazing kisser, just as I knew he would be. I have no control over my body’s reactions. I lose myself in his lips, his tongue, and his strong arms, forgetting time and space and even my surroundings—until Gabi’s snicker brings reality crashing around us, reminding me we have an audience. And that I’m kissing Brandon. We break apart, out of breath, and stare into each other’s eyes. That was unexpected.
About Author Rachel Harris
Award-winning and Bestselling author Rachel Harris writes humorous love stories about sassy girls next door and the hot guys that make them swoon. Emotion, vibrant settings, and strong relationships are a staple in each of her books...and kissing. Lots of kissing. An admitted Diet Mountain Dew addict and homeschool mom, she gets through each day by laughing at herself, hugging her kids, and watching way too much Food Network with her husband. She writes young adult, new adult, and adult romance, and LOVES talking with readers.
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Release Day Blitz: All Things Pretty, by M. Leighton
Pretending to be something they’re not, afraid to trust anyone completely, destined to tear each other apart– this is the story of unlikely love and unbearable consequences. Sig Locke is a cop. He was raised by a cop and all his brothers are cops. He bleeds blue, believes in right and wrong, and sees in black and white, never in shades of gray. But that was before he met Tommi. Tommi, with her long legs and bright green eyes, she captured Sig’s interest from the moment he saw her. Even after he discovered who she was–the girlfriend of a drug dealer, the beauty behind a criminal–he still found her utterly irresistible. What Sig doesn’t know, however, is that she has a secret even a cop can’t uncover. Tommi Lawrence hasn’t had an easy life, and it only got more complicated the day she met Sig. She learned long ago that she can’t trust anyone. Her gut tells her that Sig is no exception, her heart tells her that he is. But that was before she found out his real identity. Can love be forged in a fire of lies? Or will the truth destroy them both?
Her lips are still curved when she turns her attention back to me. Something about the moment hits me like a punch to the gut. I think for a second that I could stand here and stare at her, just enjoy her smile and her happiness for hours. Days, maybe. But I can’t. We can’t. So, instead, I brush a clump of mud from the end of her nose. “Have fun?” “I did. Thank you. This was so good for him.” “And you.” “And me,” she concedes. “You can be the real you around me anytime. I won’t tell a soul.” “So you prefer this?” “Oh, hell yeah! I don’t need glamorous. Or proper.” “I’m not proper.” “You forget that I heard your…expressiveness that day on the side of the road. And it didn’t consist of ‘darn’ or ‘golly gee’. But I haven’t heard anything like that come out of your mouth since then.” “Ladies aren’t supposed to talk that way, according to Lance.” “I don’t want a lady. I want a woman. One who knows her own mind. One who wears what she’s comfortable in, one who says what she’s thinking.” I take a step closer. I can’t help myself. Her scent draws me in. Even covered in mud, she smells like sexy sunshine. “I want the woman who kisses like she’s on fire and makes me feel like I’m the only one who can put her out.” “Sig,” she begins. I break in to cut her off. I know her objections. And I know how much I don’t want to hear them. “I’m just being honest. I’m not even touching you.” Her eyes are glued to mine, a damn near irresistible gravity pulling us together. “It’s not like you can anyway. I mean, we’re in public. With my little brother. What could you possibly touch?” I reach down and smear my hand in mud. With her eyes locked on mine, I reach between us and flatten my palm on her chest, right over her heart. “This. I’d touch this.”
About Author M. Leighton
New York Times and USA Today Bestselling Author, M. Leighton, is a native of Ohio. She relocated to the warmer climates of the South, where she can be near the water all summer and miss the snow all winter. Possessed of an overactive imagination from early in her childhood, M. Leighton finally found an acceptable outlet for her fantastical visions: literary fiction. Having written over a dozen novels, these days M. Leighton enjoys letting her mind wander to more romantic settings with sexy Southern guys, much like the one she married and the ones you'll find in her latest books. When her thoughts aren't roaming in that direction, she'll be riding horses, swimming in ponds and experiencing life on a ranch, all without leaving the cozy comfort of her office.
A note from M. Leighton: I love coffee and chocolate, even more so when they are combined. I'm convinced that one day they could be the basis for world peace. I also love the color red and am seriously considering dying my hair.
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Pre-Release Event: Apolonia, by Jamie McGuire
We would love for you to join us in celebrating the release of APOLONIA by New York Times, USA Today, and Wall Street Journal bestselling author Jamie McGuire!
Title: APOLONIA
Author: Jamie McGuire
Age: NA
Genre: Sci-Fi Romance
Publisher: Jamie McGuire LLC (October 6, 2014)
Cover Design: Okay Creations, Sarah Hansen
PreOrder:
“They killed me, but I survived.”
Three years after Rory Riordan foiled her own murder, she still trusts no one. Not Dr. Z, the eccentric college professor who has taken her under his wing, not Benji, the endearing, attractive classmate who insists on following her around, and certainly not Cy, the beautifully dark and mysterious boy who sits on the first row in Dr. Z’s Astrobiology class and asks far too many questions.
When Rory witnesses Cy being abducted by soldiers in the middle of the night, she finds herself submersed in a world that holds even more secrets than she could imagine--even darker secrets than her own.
From #1 New York Times Bestseller Jamie McGuire, experience the perfect combination of her bestselling books Providence & Beautiful Disaster. This New Adult Sci-Fi Romance is an action-packed, whiplash-inducing roller coaster ride. Page after page, this unpredictable, dark and sexy nail biter will keep readers guessing until the very end!
Halloween night, while everyone was dressing up and attending parties, Cy and I were in the basement, punching numbers. The Fitz was one of the oldest buildings on campus, and it struggled to keep itself comfortably heated in the winter and cooled in the summer. The basement was particularly miserable and felt like an icebox on very cold nights.
I sipped my water and pulled the sleeves of my sweater further down my hands.
Cy cleared his throat and, for the first time in weeks, spoke to me first. “I can talk to Dr. Zorba about a space heater.”
“He’ll never go for it,” I said, putting down my water and wiping my lips with the cuff of my sweater. “He wouldn’t risk a fire or a significant temperature change affecting the specimen.”
“It won’t affect the specimen. It came from space.”
“Exactly. Where it’s cold.”
“Who says the planet it originated from wasn’t able to retain higher temperatures?”
“Like Venus?”
“Exactly like Venus. I mean . . . I’m sure that it’s possible. I’ll look into a space heater.” I watched him expectantly. “What?”
“No Uranus jokes? I’m disappointed.”
I chuckled. “Never mind.” My fingers began clicking against the keyboard again, and I was sure that I’d caught Cy staring at me from the corner of my eye. I glanced over at him. “What?”
“You’re much more attractive when you smile. And your laugh is lovely.”
“Uh . . . thank you.”
“You’re—”
“I’m welcome. It’s okay. I say thank you to you a lot, apparently.”
“I just want you to . . . I don’t know what I want.”
He stared at me for a few moments more then continued with his work. My face caught fire as the blood pooled under my cheeks. My fingers wouldn’t work after that, and I couldn’t concentrate on the numbers.
Cy stood up and left the room without a word. Right about the time I’d decided to get up and look for him, he returned, setting a Butterfinger on my desk.
“Trick or treat, right?” he said.
“Is that a Halloween joke? I mean that’s cool. I just didn’t know you had a sense of humor.”
“I’m surprised you’re here. There are costume parties all over campus.”
I shook my head. “I don’t really do parties. Just once in a while when I’m bored out of my mind, but I avoid Halloween parties at all costs.”
“Fake blood. Dead people. Slutty costumes. None of it screams fun to me.”
Cy grinned. “I suppose not. We still have an hour or so of work to do. Would you mind if I walk you home when we’re finished?”
My response took Cy off guard. He blinked a few times and then cleared his throat. “I think that maybe my insistence not to form attachments here was incorrect. We spend a lot of time together down here, and I’d like to get to know you better.”
“So that’s why you’ve been ignoring me? Because you know you’re leaving?”
He hesitated. “In part, yes.”
“What’s the other part?”
He squirmed in his chair. “You . . . intrigue me.”
I wanted to high-five myself. The few times we’d interacted before I thought he was being nice in spite of feeling an extreme loathing towards me. Instead, it was the opposite. To Cy, I was intriguing. I shrugged, trying to pretend I wasn’t irrationally pleased. “If you want.”
He smiled then continued with his work. Despite the difficulty I had focusing, I forced myself to get through the pages of data on my desk. My mind kept wandering off, questioning why I felt so drawn to him. Cy wasn’t my type. He was leaving. His lack of concert T’s told me that we likely had nothing in common. But even then, I had a strong feeling that there was a reason life had thrown us together.
About Author Jamie McGuire
Jamie McGuire was born in Tulsa, OK. She attended the Northern Oklahoma College, the University of Central Oklahoma, and Autry Technology Center where she graduated with a degree in Radiography.
Jamie paved the way for the New Adult genre with international bestseller, Beautiful Disaster. Her follow-up novel Walking Disaster debuted at #1 on the New York Times, USA Today, and Wall Street Journal bestseller lists. She has also written apocalyptic thriller Red Hill, a novella titled A Beautiful Wedding, and the Providence series, a young adult paranormal romance trilogy.
Jamie lives on a ranch just outside Enid, OK with husband Jeff and their three children. They share their 30 acres with cattle, six horses, three dogs, and Rooster the cat.
Find Jamie at www.jamiemcguire.com or on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram!
Website: http://www.jamiemcguire.com/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/Jamie.McGuire.Author
Twitter: https://twitter.com/JamieMcGuire
Cover Reveal-Here With Me by Heidi McLaughlin
Today we are revealing the cover of the novel HERE WITH ME by New York Times Bestselling author Heidi McLaughlin. The book will be released on Thursday, October 23rd.
Synopsis for HERE WITH ME:
Ryley Clarke has grown up with the military in her blood, with both parents serving their country. Ryley knows the risks of being married to the military. But when the unthinkable happens, and her future husband is killed in action, Ryley can barely survive... until Evan's twin brother, Nate, helps her pick up the pieces.
After serving on a special mission with the military for six years, Evan Archer returns home to find the unthinkable - the love of his life, Ryley Clarke - engaged to his brother, Nate. With Nate on deployment, Evan needs to figure out what happened in his absence, and more importantly, how to win Ryley back from the man he once considered his best friend, but now thinks of as his rival.
Goodreads link: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/18948703-here-with-me
BIO: Heidi is a New York Times and USA Today Bestselling author. Originally from the Pacific Northwest, she now lives in picturesque Vermont, with her husband and two daughters. Also renting space in their home is an over-hyper Beagle/Jack Russell and two Parakeets. During the day Heidi is behind a desk talking about Land Use. At night, she's writing one of the many stories planned for release or sitting court-side during either daughter's basketball games. Author Links: Website: http://heidimclaughlin.com/ Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/HeidiMcLaughlinAuthor Twitter: https://twitter.com/HeidiJoVT Goodreads: https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/6568302.Heidi_McLaughlin
Release Day Blitz: Stay With Me, by J. Lynn
From the #1 New York Times bestselling author of Wait for You and Be with Me comes a daring tale that pushes boundaries . . . At 21, Calla hasn't done a lot of things. She’s never been kissed, never seen the ocean, never gone to an amusement park. But growing up, she witnessed some things no child ever should. She still carries the physical and emotional scars of living with a strung-out mother, Mona—secrets she keeps from everyone, including her close circle of college friends. But the safe cocoon Calla has carefully built is shattered when she discovers her mom has stolen her college money and run up a huge credit card debt in her name. Now, Calla has to go back to the small town she thought she’d left behind and clean up her mom’s mess again. Of course, when she arrives at her mother’s bar, Mona is nowhere to be found. Instead, six feet of hotness named Jackson James is pouring drinks and keeping the place humming. Sexy and intense, Jaxis in Calla’s business from the moment they meet, giving her a job and helping her search for Mona. And the way he looks at her makes it clear he wants to get horizontal . . . and maybe something more. Before Calla can let him get close, though, she’s got to deal with the pain of the past—and some very bad guys out to mess her up if she doesn't give them her mom.
As I lay there, trying to swallow a loud, obnoxious yawn, I remembered something he’d said when we first met, about life being too short. I imagined he had firsthand experience with shortened lives while he was serving. That mentality came from experience. I got that now. Could even understand it, but there was something I didn’t understand. “Why?” I asked. There was a beat. “Why what?” Jax sounded tired, and I should shut up or point out that I was now tired and could sleep, so he could leave. But I didn’t. “Why are you here? You don’t know me and . . .” I trailed off, because there really wasn’t anything left to say. A minute went by, and he hadn’t answered my question, and then I think another minute ticked on, and I was okay with him not answering because maybe he didn’t even know. Or maybe he was just bored and that was why he was here. But then he moved. Jax pressed against my back, and the next breath I took got stuck in my throat. My eyes shot open. The sheet and blanket were between us, but they felt like nothing. “What are you doing?” I asked. “Getting comfortable.” He dropped an arm over my waist, and my entire body jerked against his. “It’s time to sleep I think.” “But—” “You can’t sleep when you talk,” he remarked. “You don’t need to be all up on me,” I pointed out. His answering chuckle stirred the hair along the back of my neck. “Honey, I’m not all up on you.” I freaking begged to differ on that point. I started to wiggle away, but the arm around my waist tightened, holding me in place. “You’re not going anywhere,” he announced casually, as if he wasn’t holding me prisoner in the bed. Okay. The whole prisoner thing might be melodramatic, but he wasn’t letting me up. Not when he was getting all kinds of comfy behind me. Oh my God, this was spooning. Total spooning. I was spooning with an honorary member of the Hot Guy Brigade. Did I wake up in a parallel universe? “Sleep,” he demanded, as if the one word carried that much power. “Go to sleep, Calla.” This time his voice was softer, quieter. “Yeah, it doesn’t work that way, Jax. You have a nice voice, but it doesn’t hold the power to make me sleep on your command.” He chuckled. I rolled my eyes, but the most ridiculous thing ever was the fact that after a couple of minutes, my eyes stayed shut. I . . . I actually settled in against him. With his front pressed to my back, his long legs cradling mine, and his arm snug around my waist, I actually did feel safe. More than that, I felt something else—something I hadn’t felt in years. I felt cared for . . . cherished. Which was the epitome of dumb, because I barely knew him, but feeling that, recognizing what the warm, buzzing feeling was, I fell right asleep.
About Author J. Lynn
# 1 NEW YORK TIMES and USA TODAY Bestselling author Jennifer lives in Martinsburg, West Virginia. All the rumors you’ve heard about her state aren’t true. When she’s not hard at work writing. she spends her time reading, working out, watching really bad zombie movies, pretending to write, and hanging out with her husband and her Jack Russell Loki. Her dreams of becoming an author started in algebra class, where she spent most of her time writing short stories….which explains her dismal grades in math. Jennifer writes young adult paranormal, science fiction, fantasy, and contemporary romance. She is published with Spencer Hill Press, Entangled Teen and Brazen, Disney/Hyperion and Harlequin Teen. Her book Obsidian has been optioned for a major motion picture and her Covenant Series has been optioned for TV. She also writes adult and New Adult romance under the name J. Lynn. She is published by Entangled Brazen and HarperCollins.
Website ** Facebook ** Twitter ** J. Lynn Goodreads ** Jennifer L. ArmentroutGoodreads
Novel Goodreads
Release Day Blitz: Lost in You, by Heidi McLaughlin
Today we are celebrating the re-release of LOST IN YOU, a New Adult contemporary romance by New York Times Bestselling author Heidi McLaughlin.
Ryan Stone is a less than average teenager. He doesn’t have fancy clothes. He doesn’t carry around the latest smartphone and he definitely doesn’t have an MP3 player. Instead, he goes to school, does his chores and dreams of a new life away from Brookfield where he’s expected to follow in his blue collar family’s footsteps. Hadley Carter is America’s Pop Princess. A successful recording artist living her dream with a sold-out tour and a handful of Grammy’s there isn’t much that she wants for, except love. But finding love on the road is near impossible when all she longs for are romantic dinners, a nighttime stroll on the beach and holding hands with someone who isn’t going to exploit her. When a chance encounter introduces Ryan to Hadley, will he be like her adoring fans looking for a way in, or will it be Hadley who pursues Ryan even though it might cost her the only career she's known.
Lost in You is a story about following your dreams, taking risks and getting lost in love.
About Author Heidi McLaughlin Heidi is the author of USA Today, Digital Book World, Amazon and Barnes & Noble Bestselling novel, Forever My Girl. Originally from the Pacific Northwest, she now lives in picturesque Vermont, with her husband and two daughters. Also renting space in their home is an over-hyper Beagle/Jack Russell and two Parakeets. During the day Heidi is behind a desk talking about Land Use. At night, she's writing one of the many stories planned for release or sitting court-side during either daughter's basketball games.
Author Links: Website Facebook Twitter Goodreads
Blog Tour and Review: My Control, by Lisa Renee Jones
Mark's POV novella
I have lost the man I once was, letting guilt and heartache define who I am. Darkness has controlled me, and one woman has seen what no one else has seen in me, what I do not wish to exist. My hunger for her has driven me to the edge of sanity, but no more. She's about to find out that the Master has returned.
My Control was another great glimpse into Mark Compton's life and left me craving the next full length novel. It was also the first opportunity of getting to see inside Crystal's head. I have to say I enjoyed getting a better look at her feelings towards Mark, what drives her, and how she truly feels about the mess Mark has gotten himself lost in. I think a part of me has kept her at bay because I thought if Mark developed feelings for someone other than Rebecca it would be a slap in Rebecca's face, it would dishonor her memory and their relationship. But if there is anyone who can "rescue" Mark, who can help free himself from his constant need for control, who can bring him back to life I think its Crystal, and if I am being perfectly I honest I really want to see it happen. I want Mark's life to be so completely out of his control that he actually finds and allows himself happiness with Crystal, because if he doesn't ever allow himself to fall head over heels in love then I can't help but think Rebecca's death would be all for nothing. Without a doubt Rebecca is was the catalyst but Crystal will be the one who helps put him back together. Both women are important and both women will have played a large hand in helping Mark Compton reach his full potential. All I can say is hurry up November! And if you haven't read any of the books in this series then you are seriously missing out, this is a fantastic addictive series that will keep you on the edge of your seat!
About Author Lisa Renee Jones
New York Times and USA Today Bestselling author Lisa Renee Jones is the author of the highly acclaimed INSIDE OUT SERIES, and is now in development by Suzanne Todd (Alice in Wonderland, Austin Powers, Must Love Dogs) for cable TV. In addition, her Tall, Dark and Deadly series and The Secret Life of Amy Bensen series, both spent several months on a combination of the NY Times and USA Today and USA Today lists.
Since beginning her publishing career in 2007, Lisa has published more than 40 books translated around the world. Booklist says that Jones suspense truly sizzles with an energy similar to FBI tales with a paranormal twist by Julie Garwood or Suzanne Brockmann.
Prior to publishing, Lisa owned multi-state staffing agency that was recognized many times by The Austin Business Journal and also praised by Dallas Women Magazine. In 1998 LRJ was listed as the #7 growing women owned business in Entrepreneur Magazine.
Lisa loves to hear from her readers. You can reach her at www.lisareneejones.com and she is active on twitter and facebook daily.
Celeste Fest
We're super excited to share our love for Flat-Out Celeste!
Title: FLAT OUT CELESTE
Author: Jessica Park
Amazon | B&N
Whether you were charmed by Celeste in Flat-Out Love or are meeting her for the first time, this book is a joyous celebration of differences, about battling private wars that rage in our heads and in our hearts, and—very much so— this is a story about first love..
For high-school senior Celeste Watkins, every day is a brutal test of bravery. And Celeste is scared. Alienated because she’s too smart, her speech too affected, her social skills too far outside the norm, she seems to have no choice but to retreat into isolation.
But college could set her free, right? If she can make it through this grueling senior year, then maybe. If she can just find that one person to throw her a lifeline, then maybe, just maybe.
Justin Milano, a college sophomore with his own set of quirks, could be that person to pull her from a world of solitude. To rescue her—that is, if she’ll let him.
Together, they may work. Together, they may save each other. And together they may also save another couple—two people Celeste knows are absolutely, positively flat-out in love.
Celeste-isms
"Hot yoga does not need to be for everyone. But it will be for me. I feel sure that I can become a yoga enthusiast...I do believe that I am well prepared, yes? I have this yoga mat, a skidless towel that all of the online yoga sites say is quite the trend, and I spent the past few days hydrating sufficiently so that my body will not suffer when I sweat. Of course, I also have this decorative water bottle. My outfit is similar to yours, and I think that it is essential that I look the part as I delve into this new area of interest."
"I cannot believe I suggested that painfully extricating the entirety of one's pubic hair in any manner - not to mention such a barbaric one - is a requirement for garnering the commitment of a man. No, no, I refuse to advocate that a woman do anything uncomfortable to her body simply because men have the perverse cultural expectation that all women come to them hairless. Or worse, with assorted gems adorning their genitalia!"
"I'm completely dry. It was an accident, so please do not fret over this. One does not cry over spilt milk, and so one certainly does not feel even the slightest pang of remorse over spilt water."
"Good God, yes, there were clothes on! It was my first kiss! I didn't exactly fling myself at him and strip down after one kiss. Granted, it was totally spectacular kiss, and, as I mentioned, I experienced some sore of primal sexual awakening, but that didn't mean I was ready for intercourse."
"You be the responsible adult, and I shall be the out-of-control teenager who is experimenting with alcohol consumption."
"...I had no idea that you had such good taste. Given your wardrobe and general chintzy nature, I am entirely shocked, albeit delighted."
"I am choosing a love that defies boundaries and a life that defies boundaries. That is the power of Celeste."
About Author Jessica Park
Jessica is the author of LEFT DROWNING, the New York Times bestselling FLAT-OUT LOVE (and the companion piece FLAT-OUT MATT), and RELATIVELY FAMOUS. She lives in New Hampshire where she spends an obscene amount time thinking about rocker boys and their guitars, complex caffeinated beverages, and tropical vacations. On the rare occasions that she is able to focus on other things, she writes.
Please visit her at jessicapark.me and on Facebook at https://www.facebook.com/authorjessicapark and Twitter @JessicaPark24
Review Tour-Pulled by AL Jackson
Melanie Winters and Daniel Montgomery shared a love most only dream of, a love they believed bonded them together for life.
When their world is shattered by the tragic loss of their daughter, overwhelming grief and misguided guilt distorts the truth, and their relationship ends in uncertainty and unanswered questions.
For nine years, they drift through life, each unable to forget the one who holds the strings to their heart. In an attempt to escape the pain of her past, Melanie finds herself trapped in a loveless marriage, while Daniel loses himself in a career that means nothing without Melanie by his side.
Now, when their lives again intersect, neither can deny the connection they felt so long ago. But will the power that drew them together be enough to heal the wounds from their past, and will they have the courage to overcome the insecurities and fears that threaten to keep them apart?
Pulled is a story of attraction and separation, of destiny and duty, of a love so strong it refuses to give up even when all others have.
"Okay, this one did it for me in a big way. I'm an angst-lover. And by that I mean, I'm a Thoughtless, Beautiful Disaster, Love Unscripted, Slammed, Fifty Shades of Everything, kind of reader. But there's gotta be an HEA. And not a half-done HEA but a real yeah-this-story-has-been-agonizing-but-look-it-was-all-worth-it HEA. So, that said, I earnestly recommend this book. If you're like me, you'll like this. Enjoy!" LitJunkie
I stared down the hallway. Both fear and longing consumed me. I willed myself to walk, but every footstep was heavy, dragging with what I feared I would soon be regret. I stalled outside his door, my heart listening to his. I could feel it pounding, drawing me forward.
I didn’t even knock. I turned the knob and pushed the door open. My feet locked in place when I saw him. Daniel. I blinked several times as I took him in. He was leaning over, bracing himself with his palms flat on his desk. He must have realized that it was me just before I opened the door. His head was cocked, his hazel eyes wide.
I couldn’t move. I felt as if I were caught in time and the second hand was unable to tick on.
Finally he rose, cautious and slow. His eyes were fierce and desperate, a fire that I’d never seen before burning behind them. My feet moved of their own accord and my arm dropped from the door. Silently it closed behind me. Everything in the room was still except for the energy roaring between us.
“Melanie,” he called to me, a whisper directly to my heart, pumping it with life. I was mesmerized as he wet his dry lips. His shoulders were held rigid, his chest trembling with his staggered breaths. I felt it all—his longing, his desire, his hunger. And I knew he could feel mine. Quivering under his intense stare, my muscles twitched in anticipation. My knees went weak when I saw him snap, undecided no more.
I could barely register the movement before he rounded his desk, and his lips crashed against mine. His hands sank into my hair, pulling my body roughly against his.
It felt as if my body had burst into flames with his sudden touch. Everything about him was overpowering, consuming, dominating. Rough and gentle at the same time.
I pressed into him, my chest against his, our hearts beating in rhythm. Digging my fingers into his neck, I struggled to get closer. We were desperate as we clung to each other. We needed to feel, to heal the scars disfiguring our hearts, to erase some of the hurt. His hands rushed with need, twisted through my curls, down my back, and then into my hair again. His kiss was forceful—too intense—ice and fire and sweet—all Daniel. I breathed him in, touched him, memorized the way he smelled, the way he felt.
His hair was so soft between my fingers. A shiver traveled down his spine.
With a sudden slant of his head, he swept his tongue across my lip. I opened to him, drawing him in. There was no teasing or testing. Aggressively, he moved his mouth with mine, sucking in my bottom lip at the same time he bit at it. Rough. Hard. Perfect. He pushed me back against the door, his body flush with mine. A moan escaped my mouth.
Oh, how I had missed this body.
I ran my hands over his shoulders and down his arms, his muscles firm under my touch. His lips were incessant, his tongue hot and wet.
Fisting a hand in my hair, he pulled it tight, exposing my neck. His movements slowed as he licked down the sensitive skin, seeking out the spot behind my ear he knew would ruin me. He sucked, tugging with his lips, lingering at the delicate hollow below my jaw. I drew in a ragged breath, and my emotions caught up with me. He remembered.
He kissed his way back up, found my mouth again. Fingertips caressed and massaged the back of my neck, the skin afire with his touch.
When he grabbed the back of my knee and hooked my leg over his hip, I gasped. His palm traveled up the exposed flesh of my thigh, his thumb rubbing circles, coaxing, persuading, demanding a reaction. I pushed back into him, my body deprived of his for far too long.
“Melanie, my love,” he whispered, the words vibrating against my lips.
“Daniel,” I breathed into his mouth.
He pulled back, hooded eyes flaming in their intensity as they sought mine. I couldn’t look away as I peered deep into his soul. The love I found there was never ending, but shrouded in vast regret, grief imprinted on his heart. He ran his nose along my cheek, murmuring in my ear, this time the words dripping in sadness. “Only you.”
Those words resonated in the air, and as much as I knew he wanted to convince himself that they were true, they weren’t.
The weight of what I was doing crushed me. Thoughts of his wife and child lay heavy on my heart, and I remembered how we had gotten here in the first place. He hadn’t chosen me. He didn’t want me.
With trembling hands, I shook my head, trying to keep my insecurities from pouring out. It was impossible. The feelings of complete rejection I’d swallowed down and harbored for all these years came bubbling to the surface and spilled over, erupted as tears rushing down my face.
“You didn’t want me.”
I've always thought the sign of a great author is who who can tell a story so perfectly, so intensely you're find yourself so completely sucked into the story you hardly notice anything else, almost as if you are actually living and breathing the story. A.L. Jackson has mastered this ability! Over the course of this past year she has truly become one of my favorite authors. Her stories always take me on these incredibly wonderful journeys. She never hesitates to take her characters down difficult paths, breaking them down, yet by the end of the story she's rebuilt each of them, they've grown, and we're left with these heartbreakingly beautiful HEA's, which are oftentimes better than we could have imagined ourselves.
I recently went on vacation where over the course of the week I read a new book each day. Yeah, it was pretty awesome! That being said, because I read so many books, so many stories by lots of different authors, it was surprising to see which ones really stuck out and which ones kind of left me wanting more. Pulled was one of the books in this marathon of reading week and not surprisingly if you've ever read any A.L. Jackson stories it was one of the few that stuck out to me.
Pulled is the story of a couple, Melanie and Daniel, who fell head over heels in love at a young age, who were committed to one another in almost every way possible, but unfortunately when faced with real tragedy, overwhelming guilt and grief, and what seemed like uncontrollable circumstances their love and commitment is tested and broken. Instead of communicating, both make decisions which they feel are best for the other, but truly aren't and years later their lives become almost unrecognizable. Miles apart, they've never stopped loving one another and are simply going through the motions of life, so when fate brings them unexpectedly back to the same city will their love be enough to save them both?
Melanie and Daniel have some real hurdles to cross, and their reunion isn't without lots of bumps, and I actually wondered if the bumps were going to be too much. I was completely captivated by this story and these two characters. I think part of what made their story so beautiful was watching them dig through the messes of their lives, watching them find the strength to trust one another, to believe in themselves, to follow their hearts. I loved the ending! It wasn't simply a quick epilogue to tie up a few loose ends, it was so much more satisfying, completely and perfectly written. When I finished I couldn't have asked for a better break from reality!
About Author A.L. Jackson
A.L. Jackson is the New York Times bestselling author of Take This Regret and Lost to You, as well as other contemporary romance titles, including If Forever Comes, Pulled and When We Collide, as well as the New Adult Romance Come To Me Quietly due out January 7, 2014.
She first found a love for writing during her days as a young mother and college student. She filled the journals she carried with short stories and poems used as an emotional outlet for the difficulties and joys she found in day-to-day life.
Years later, she shared a short story she’d been working on with her two closest friends and, with their encouragement, this story became her first full length novel. A.L. now spends her days writing in Southern Arizona where she lives with her husband and three children. Her favorite pastime is spending time with the ones she loves.
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Blog Tour: Beautifully Awake Series, by Riley Mackenzie
Title: Beautifully Awake (Beautifully Awake #1)
Author: Riley Mackenzie Genre: Contemporary Romance 18+
Diagnosis: Sleep-running
Treatment: Truth
Prognosis: Beautifully Awake
Lili Porter hates the rain. Bad things happen in the rain. As a small town social worker dedicated to protecting children, she is forced to start over to escape her rural disaster. Determined to follow her father’s advice—head up and chin high—Lili finds herself in a new city, taking on a new system, this time healthcare. In doing so, she gets something she never expected, an intimate behind-the-scenes look at life in the hospital.
Lili learns that a surgeon’s hands have the power to heal more than physical wounds. And a prescription for truth can cure three years of sleep running and leave you beautifully awake
Title: Beautifully Done (Beautifully Awake #2)
Author: Riley Mackenzie
Genre: Contemporary Romance 18+
Publication Date: July 16, 2014
Diagnosis: Borrowed time
Treatment: Trust
Prognosis: Beautifully Done
Asher Craig drives fast, flies high, and screws hard. But make no mistake, he’s a gentleman. He learned way too young that we’re all on borrowed time. Fair or unfair, you only get one ride.
He vows to live for the moment because it’s the only time he owns. The past is beyond his control and the future may not exist. With his only loyalties being his family, he thrives for that edge where plunging over is always in the realm of possibility.
When a beautiful familiar face tilts his axis, he re-examines everything and realizes that second chances are overrated and a lifetime of firsts are irreplaceable. In the end, it’s not her medical degree but his trust that needs to prove that the ride together is worth it ... until it’s Beautifully Done.
***Author's note*** Contains spoilers from Beautifully Awake. We highly recommend reading Chase and Lili's story first. For readers 18+
Yep. That's an “s.” There are two of us!
We’re East coast girls separated by Long Island Sound who met in Physician Assistant School and have been besties ever since. We can safely say that thirteen miles of water does not get in the way because we talk or text, no exaggeration, at least 150 times a day. No, really, we do—about everything and nothing. Shockingly, we never (we mean never) run out of things to say. Umm, ever. We definitely laugh A LOT and we’re a tad sarcastic. And if we’re being totally honest, one or two people might have, on occasion, used our names and ‘dramatic’ in the same sentence. But it’s hard to trust the sources since they married us.
It only took twelve years, two husbands, five kids, two dogs, and a two-week vacation in Cape Cod later to decide the romance world needed a splash of medicine. Write what you know.
So you can easily find us at 4 o'clock on Bank Street beach with a glass of cold Prosecco brainstorming. And guaranteed if we bump into you, literally, it’s only because our iPhones are glued to our hands (totally out of our control) either writing or editing our next novel (and yes, it is possible to do from your iPhone, we mastered it … damn those straight quotations).
When we are not working on our book or reading the latest angsty romance on our kindles, you basically name it and we have it going on. Soccer, lacrosse, golf, swimming, dance, gymnastics, football, chess, baseball, basketball, skiing, ice skating, school, homework, and more school. Oh yeah, did we forget to mention our careers in medicine?
Needless to say, we realized fast that something had to go, so we opted for sleep. It’s completely overrated (yet so AMAZING) and delirium makes everything funnier. Good thing we share a brain and can pretty much complete each other’s sentences (definitely weird, we know), otherwise it might have taken us two years to write Beautifully Awake rather than one.
So that’s our story, who we are … just add AUTHORS to the list!
Connect with the Authors
Website | Facebook | Twitter | Pinterest | Goodreads Author Page
One Signed Set of Books (US Only) and 5 $10 Gift Cards (Amazon) Open Internationally
Release Day Blitz: The Fine Art of Pretending, by...
Release Day Blitz: All Things Pretty, by M. Leigh...
Release Day Blitz: Lost in You, by Heidi McLaughl...
Blog Tour and Review: My Control, by Lisa Renee J...
Blog Tour: Beautifully Awake Series, by Riley Mac...
Release Day Blitz: Every Time I Think of You, by ...
Cover Reveal: Wicked, by Jennifer L. Armentrout
Blog Tour and Review: Beyond the Orange Moon, by ...
Release Day Blitz: Priceless, by Raine Miller
Cover Reveal: Pulled, by A.L. Jackson
Review: Get Me by Jillian Dodd
When We Collide By AL Jackson: Review
Release Day Blast and Promo-Happenstance 2 by Jami...
Review: Eyes of The Woods, by Eden Fierce
Release Day: Bang Bang, by Rachel Van Dyken
Release Day Launch: My Control, by Lisa Renee Jon...
Promotional Event: One More Chance, by Abbi Gline...
Release Day Blast: Lies Beneath the Surface, by ...
Release Day Blast: One More Chance, by Abbi Gline...
Review: Frayed, by Kim Karr
Blog Tour and Review: One More Chance, by Abbi Gl...
Release Day Blitz: In Her Wake, by K.A. Tucker
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The Coming Boeing Bailout?
Thread: The Coming Boeing Bailout?
https://mattstoller.substack.com/p/t...m_source=email
Welcome to Big, a newsletter about the politics of monopoly. If you like it, you can sign up here. Today I’ll discuss how a merger in the 1990s ruined Boeing, and why the government will have to step in to save the company.
Let’s start by admiring the company that was Boeing, so we can know what has been lost. As one journalist put it in 2000, “Boeing has always been less a business than an association of engineers devoted to building amazing flying machines.”
For the bulk of the 20th century, Boeing made miracles. Its engineers designed the B-52 in a weekend, bet the company on the 707, and built the 747 despite deep observer skepticism. The 737 started coming off the assembly line in 1967, and it was such a good design it was still the company’s top moneymaker thirty years later.
How did Boeing make miracles in civilian aircraft? In short, the the civilian engineers were in charge. And it fell apart because the company, due to a merger, killed its engineering-first culture.
In 1993, Clinton’s Deputy Secretary of Defense, Bill Perry, called defense contractor CEOs to a dinner, nicknamed “the last supper.” He told them to merge with each other so as, in the classic excuse used by monopolists, to find efficiencies in their businesses. The rationale was that post-Cold War era military spending reductions demanded a leaner defense base. In reality, Perry had been a long-time mergers and acquisitions investment banker working with industry ally Norm Augustine, the eventual CEO of Lockheed Martin.
Perry was so aggressive about encouraging mergers that he put together an accounting scheme to have the Pentagon itself pay merger costs, which resulted in a bevy of consolidation among contractors and subcontractors. In 1997, Boeing, with both a commercial and military division, ended up buying McDonnell Douglas, a major aerospace company and competitor. With this purchase, the airline market radically consolidated.
Unlike Boeing, McDonnell Douglas was run by financiers rather than engineers. And though Boeing was the buyer, McDonnell Douglas executives somehow took power in what analysts started calling a “reverse takeover.” The joke in Seattle was, "McDonnell Douglas bought Boeing with Boeing's money."
The merger sparked a war between the engineers and the bean-counters; as one analyst put it, "Some of the board of directors would rather have spent money on a walk-in humidor for shareholders than on a new plane." The white collar engineers responded to the aggressive cost-cutting and politically motivated design choices with the unthinkable, affiliating with the AFL-CIO and going on strike for the first time in the company’s 56-year history. "We weren't fighting against Boeing," said the union leader. "We were fighting to save Boeing."
The key corporate protection that had protected Boeing engineering culture was a wall inside the company between the civilian division and military divisions. This wall was designed to prevent the military procurement process from corrupting civilian aviation. As aerospace engineers Pierre Sprey and Chuck Spinney noted, military procurement and engineering created a corrupt design process, with unnecessary complexity, poor safety standards, “wishful thinking projections” on performance, and so forth. Military contractors subcontract based on political concerns, not engineering ones. If contractors need to influence a Senator from Montana, they will place production of a component in Montana, even if no one in the state can do the work.
Bad procurement is one reason (aside from more and more high-ranking military officials going into defense contracting work) why military products are often poor quality or deficient. For instance, the incredibly expensive joint strike fighter F-35 is a mess, and the Navy’s most expensive aircraft carrier, costing $13 billion, was recently delivered without critical elevators to lift bombs into fighter jets. Much of this dynamic exists because of a lack of competition in contracting for major systems, a practice enhanced by the consolidation Perry pushed in the early 1990s. Monopolies don’t have to produce good quality products, and often don’t.
At any rate, when McDonnell Douglas took over Boeing, the military procurement guys took over aerospace production and design. The company began a radical outsourcing campaign, done for political purposes. In defense production, subcontractors were chosen to influence specific Senators and Congressmen; in civilian production, Boeing started moving production to different countries in return for airline purchases from the national airlines.
Engineers immediately recognized this offshoring as a disaster in the making. In 2001, a senior Boeing engineer named L. Hart Smith published a paper criticizing the business strategy behind offshoring production, noting that vital engineering tasks were being done in ways that seemed less costly but would end up destroying the company. He was quickly proved right.
The first disaster was Boeing’s 787 Dreamliner, a test case in how to attempt to cut costs and end up driving up expenses. The company went over budget by something like $12-18 billion. As Sprey and Spinney put it, “You don't have to be wearing a deer-stalker hat to deduce that the rotten practices bred by DoD procurement have finally infected the executive suite of Boeing's commercial division.” Aside from the offshoring of key capacity, the 787 had significant engineering problems, including electrical systems that caused battery fires on the planes.
In 2005, Boeing hired its first ever CEO without an aviation engineering background, bringing in James McNerney, who got his training in brand management at Proctor & Gamble, then McKinsey, and then spent two decades at General Electric learning from Jack Welch how to erode industrial capacity in favor of shareholders. He brought these lessons to Boeing, and hurriedly launched a 737 version with new engines, the 737 Max, to compete with a more fuel-efficient Airbus model.
The key decision was, rather than fix the fundamental aerodynamic control problems caused by the new engine, to bandaid the existing 737 software, while pretending that flying the 737 Max was just like flying old ones. That way, airlines would be able to buy the plane and not have to retrain their pilots, as pilots must be re-certified any changed flight procedures but don’t have to be recertified for new models with unchanged flying qualities. Unfortunately, the aerodynamics of the 737 body didn’t fit with the Max’s bulkier engine, which was obvious during the first wind tunnel tests.
The testing in 2012, with air flow approaching the speed of sound, allowed engineers to analyze how the airplane’s aerodynamics would handle a range of extreme maneuvers. When the data came back, according to an engineer involved in the testing, it was clear there was an issue to address.
The old Boeing would have redesigned the plane’s control surfaces to fix the faulty aerodynamics, but the McDonnell Douglas influenced Boeing new one tried to patch the problem with software. And it was bad software, some of written by outsourced engineers in India paid $9/dollar an hour. The Federal Aviation Administration, having outsourced much of its own regulatory capacity to Boeing, didn’t know what was going on, and Boeing didn’t tell airlines and pilots about the new and crucial safety procedures.
This disregard for engineering integrity and safety had come from the Wall Street driven financialization of the 1990s, through General Electric’s McNerney, but also from military procurement culture. Current CEO Dennis Muilenburg, for instance, has presided over a series of problematic projects in the defense division, from the X-32, the losing entry in the F-35 joint strike fighter contract, to the long-troubled Airborne Laser system. Muilenburg has handled the 737 Max problem the way a defense official would, through public relations and political channels rather than the way a civilian engineer would, which would be through an aggressively honest review of engineering choices.
The net effect of the merger, and the follow-on managerial and financial choices, is that America significantly damaged its aerospace industry. Where there were two competitors - McDonnell Douglas and Boeing, now there is one. And that domestic monopoly can no longer develop good civilian aerospace products. Hundreds of people are dead, and tens of billions of dollars wasted.
Boeing now has a rocky situation ahead of it. Buyers in the international market have little trust in the current leadership of the company, and it will face significant liability from victim families and from airlines who bought the jet, as well as mass cancelations of orders. There is a criminal investigation into the company, as there should be. This like likely to have significant and severe financial consequences.
The right policy path would be Congressional hearings to explore what happened to this once fine company, followed by a break-up of the company into a civilian and military division, or if possible, find a way to create multiple competitors out of this fiasco. Muilenburg should be fired, his compensation clawed back, and the Department of Justice should clean house and indict every relevant executive who empowered what looks like fraud at the core of the 737 Max fiasco. Congress should expand the FAA inspectors so they can once again do their job. With a new leadership team in place, Boeing could fix the 737 Max and begin planning great aircraft again.
In other words, we should put safety conscience civilian engineers back in charge of both building planes and regulating them. Otherwise, planes fall out of the sky.
Thanks for reading, and if you enjoy this newsletter, please share it on social media, forward it to your friends, or just sign up here.
Matt Stoller
Quiz: Test Your "Income" Tax IQ!
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The Federalist Papers, No. 15:
Except as to the rule of appointment, the United States have an indefinite discretion to make requisitions for men and money; but they have no authority to raise either by regulations extending to the individual citizens of America.
I can attest to the fact that mergers can kill a company. I’ve seen the dirty details first hand. When a top notch successful company merges with a failing company, what happens is that everything good about the better company is destroyed.
Think of it this way. The dying company is down to its most corrupt, most incompetent people. The good people have left. The only talent those remaining bad people have is internal politics (including a ruthless ability to force out good people, destroy others, and cover their own incompetence). The good company merges with a company filled with parasites and cancer. This often leads to death.
McDonnell Douglass was always the worst aerospace company.
oyarde
Ya , no thanks , I'll pass . I decline to bailout boeing .
Do something Danke
phill4paul
Pretty much anything in life. Including political parties.
Maybe they can outsource the rest of the engineering to addicts and foreigners and save a little more .
Originally Posted by oyarde
Sure. The financial guys always have an interest in foreign companies that they can (and will) outsource to.
Hillary allowed Boeing to sell weapons to Saudis after Boeing and Saudis gave her $10 million
By openfire in forum 2016 Presidential Election: GOP & Dem
Boeing vs Airbus if Boeing did not get subsidies
By Cone0 in forum Economy & Markets
The Coming FHA Bailout
By bobbyw24 in forum Economy & Markets
Bailouts: NEW $1 Trillion Bailout Coming Soon...
By clb09 in forum Economy & Markets
Yet another bailout coming
By Dequeant in forum Economy & Markets
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Dealing with a Car Accident in Sacramento
21. November 2014 Admin Automobile Accidents, Compensation, Liability Issues, Personal Injury (0)
Personal injury attorneys with Sette Law frequently work with victims of car accidents in Sacramento. Accident lawyers deal with the outcome of missteps on the part of injured victims in the immediate aftermath of the accident – a crucial time for car accident victims to be savvy and use good judgment. Our Sacramento car accident attorneys advise drivers to be educated about the dynamics that happen after a crash in which they are injured. According to personal injury lawyers, there are a few basic practices motorists should keep in mind in case they are involved in a car accident in Sacramento.
Car accident lawyers advise, first and foremost, that drivers do not engage in conversation (or argument) about which driver was at fault in the car accident. Our Sacramento injury attorneys say this might be a first instinct – to apologize or to accept blame. Even though courts may not allow such statements, calling them “hearsay,” our personal injury lawyers know that exceptions have (and will) be made. If you feel that you’ve been injured in a car accident, our lawyers say it’s better to be a listener than it is to do the talking. We know that in the heat of the moment this might be a challenge for victims in Sacramento, but car accident attorneys too often hear a plaintiff’s words come back to haunt them in court.
Our Sacramento injury attorneys suggest that car accident victims listen carefully to any statements made by the other driver. You might also use a recording device on your cell phone to help you remember the important details of the car accident; your personal injury attorney will be grateful. Also, someone injured in a car accident is usually under great stress which makes recall more difficult. With a recording (or accurate notes) our Sacramento personal injury lawyers will be able to build a more accurate account of the car accident that caused your injury.
In addition, use your cell phone to take photos and video of the car accident scene. Attorneys will appreciate any evidence that captures the details and the surroundings. Trite as at sounds, our Sacramento personal injury lawyers know from experience, that a picture is worth a thousand words!
Another common mistake our Sacramento accident attorneys see is when a victim, thinking she has only a minor injury, does not get medical attention. Physicians know that car accident injuries sometimes don’t immediately manifest. Car accident injuries often cause what’s commonly known as “whiplash,” with pain and mobility problems showing up hours, or even days, after an accident. Our Sacramento accident lawyers say it’s smart to take this extra precaution, even if you feel “okay.” Should you neglect to get yourself checked out by a physician, the accident attorney representing the other driver can allege that you were not hurt enough to seek medical help right after the car accident.
Of course, you don’t need a Sacramento accident attorney to tell you to get the other driver’s critical information such as driver’s license number, car license and insurance contacts. But, do not underestimate the work it may take you as a car accident victim in Sacramento, to receive compensation for medical and other expenses incurred by you. This is definitely where you need the expertise of a Sacramento car accident attorney who specializes in personal injury law.
Establishing Liability in a Sacramento Car Accident
Lawyers are aware that state laws usually govern traffic accidents. Lawsuits usually require proof of “negligence” that caused personal injury in a car accident. As a Sacramento car accident victim, your attorney will provide evidence the defendant’s negligence caused physical harm to you and damage to property. This process requires your Sacramento accident lawyer prove the following principles: a: Harm, B: Causation, C: Breach, D: Duty. Let’s look briefly at each of these items.
Harm: Our Sacramento injury lawyer must prove that the defendant's actions harmed you physically and/or caused harm to your property. Without the support of a personal injury attorney, the defendant’s lawyer may allege your injury is unrelated to the car accident – and be able to support that allegation with evidence you are unprepared to counter without a Sacramento personal injury lawyer at your side.
Causation: It’s the job of your personal injury attorney to show the accident was directly responsible for injuries suffered in a Sacramento car accident. Lawyers may call medical experts to attest to the fact the car accident did, in fact, inflict the injuries.
Breach: Personal injury lawyers will seek to prove that the defendant failed to obey traffic laws, drove in a reckless manner or otherwise failed to follow his or her legal obligation as a driver. A Sacramento injury lawyer may show evidence such as skid marks at the accident scene or evidence the defendant was driving under the influence at the time of the accident.
Duty: This is the underlying principle understood by our Sacramento accident attorneys. It simply means that drivers are obligated to obey traffic laws, drive safely within speed limits and generally adhere to the rules of the road everywhere, including Sacramento.
Personal injury lawyers develop expertise in car accident litigation which is anything but simple. Just this brief summary of the dynamics of personal injury lawsuits shows how many elements must be in place for a car accident victim to be compensated for financial losses. Our Sacramento car accident lawyers urge victims to contact a legal professional rather than face the defendant’s trained personal injury attorney in court alone. There are many missteps, both large and small, that Sacramento injury attorneys know how to avoid. A good personal injury lawyer will help a car accident victim receive just compensation for medical bills, damages to property and other losses. In addition, an experienced car accident lawyer can advise accident victims about the equity of settlements offered and also protect your individual rights.
Our Sacramento personal injury lawyers at Sette law are highly experienced in representing car accident victims. Lawyers here understand the dynamics of lawsuits that conclude with a verdict or a settlement. It’s our job as professional car accident attorneys to use our professional focus on car accident law and personal injury to benefit clients through compassionate, yet strong, representation.
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How to Research Crash Test Data
Find and decipher the info that will help you choose a safe car
Greg Brown (@thatgregbrown) Travel (January 21, 2015)
(Photo: Stefan Ataman/Shutterstock)
We’ve come a long way from the “unsafe at any speed” car-manufacturing era of the 1960s. Cars today are safer than they were even a few years ago, with blind-spot detection and lane-departure warning systems available to help drivers avoid collisions.
And these days you can easily research the safety of just about any vehicle on the market using safercar.gov, from the government’s National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), or the independent, nonprofit Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHA) — or both. The NHTSA’s YouTube channel, SaferCarTV, even lets you watch crash test videos in slow motion. You can also view crash and safety tests on the IISH’s YouTube channel.
The two groups have different rating systems and different measures to help you understand what might happen to you and your passengers in a variety of accidents. Here’s what you can learn from each.
The NHTSA tests for frontal crashes, side crashes and rollover risk. It rates cars using a five-star system, five being safest. It also recommends advanced safety technology by model.
In the five-star system, the number of stars suggests your risk of injury in each scenario tested. A five means the risk of injury is much less than average; a four means less-than-average to average; and anything three and lower suggest average risk down to much greater than average risk.
Car shoppers can research their chosen make, model and year online or at the dealership, where five-star ratings are posted on new vehicle window stickers. In 2011 the NHTSA changed its ratings criteria to reflect additional testing and data in order to better discriminate among ever-safer cars. It now takes into account the results of side pole testing (which mimics crashing into a pole), the use of different-size crash test dummies (representing males and females) and the presence of crash-avoidance technologies. It also added an overall vehicle score.
The NHTSA also rates tires for safety performance and provides access to a recall database that you can search by vehicle identification number (VIN). You can find the VIN of your car on the dashboard under the windshield glass on the driver’s side, visible from outside the car. It is also on the title of your car and your car insurance policy documents.
Insurance Institute for Highway Safety
The institute ranks cars as good, acceptable, marginal or poor based on performance in five categories: front crashes with moderate overlap (when a good portion of the front of the car hits an object), front crashes with small overlap (when the front corner of the car hits an object), side crashes, roof strength and head restraints. The IIHS does not test for rollover risk.
It also looks at crash avoidance and mitigation (technology that can help the driver avoid a crash or reduce the severity of a crash).
The various ratings are used to produce an annual list of vehicles by size and type. Some are given the ranking of Top Safety Pick (TSP) or Top Safety Pick+ (TSP+). You can research cars by make, model and year, or use the TSP list if you are trying to choose a car based largely on relative safety.
A Top Safety Pick vehicle earned good ratings on moderate-overlap front and side crashes and on roof strength and head restraint tests, as well as a good or acceptable rating in the small-overlap front crash test. The plus symbol (+) means the vehicle also features at least the basic front crash prevention technologies, including an automatic braking system that stops the car if it heading for a collision.
Chances are, whatever vehicle you choose will be safer than the old clunker you’re trading in or passing down. (In fact, that’s why some experts recommend you let your newly licensed teen drive the newer car.) But why not make it the safest choice possible?
Greg writes about personal finance, business and technology. His work has appeared in Businessweek, Newsweek, Forbes, Bankrate and a variety of trade publications.
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长沙桑拿,长沙夜网,长沙桑拿按摩论坛
Powered by Pure!
Terminally ill man set to ask Ontario Superior Court to die by single lethal injection
TORONTO —; A terminally ill man who hopes to win court approval for an assisted death wants to die from a single lethal injection.
If Ontario Superior Court grants the man his wish on Thursday, a hematologist has offered to help him die in accordance with Quebec’s detailed protocol, court filings show.
The hematologist involved says he would be willing to prescribe two drugs – pentobarbital or secobarbital – in a dose that would be deadly if taken orally.
READ MORE: Judge rules physicians in Ontario’s 1st doctor-assisted death case won’t be named
“However, based on inquiries I have made, I do not believe these drugs are currently available in Ontario in an oral dose of this amount,” the physician states. “Therefore, I am also willing to assist (the man) in dying by following…the ‘Quebec protocol.”‘
The protocol calls for a three-step process that starts with sedation, followed by putting the patient into an artificial coma, then administering a powerful muscle relaxant that causes breathing and the heart to stop.
“First the patient will be helped to relax, then he will be put in a deep sleep and will not feel anything when he stops breathing,” according to the protocol, which stresses the patient can change his or her mind at any time.
“It is advisable to explain to those present, before starting the injections, that death might come relatively quickly, and that the heart may keep beating for a long time after breathing has stopped.”
READ MORE: Manitoba resident granted right to die by doctor assisted death
In an affidavit, the 80-year-old married grandfather says he understands the planned drug injection would result in “my certain death.”
None of those involved in what is the first such case in Ontario can, by court order, be identified.
Court documents show the man, who says he has lived a “wonderful and exciting life” and has seen “so much of the world,” was diagnosed in 2012 with lymphoma. He is currently bed-ridden and in unbearable pain. His family, physicians and a psychiatrist say he is lucid and support his request to die.
READ MORE: Calgary woman with ALS first in Alberta to be granted physician-assisted death
“It is crippling emotionally to see someone you love in so much pain, so much distress,” the man’s daughter says in court documents.
“I am so lucky to have a beautiful family who remain close to me,” the man says in his affidavit. “Although the decision to end my suffering is one that I alone have made, it is important to me to know that I have their support.”
Under the protocol, the dispensing pharmacist is required to prepare two identical sealed kits – in case there’s an issue with the first one – containing the deadly drugs along with the needed injection materials for use by the doctors.
READ MORE: Vancouver MDs get assisted-dying guidelines
The document suggests using the barbiturate phenobarbital – a drug Arkansas has used in executions – to induce coma, and then quickly injecting the muscle-paralyzing agent rocuronium bromide to induce death.
The protocol also discusses the need for the utmost sensitivity and respect when proceeding with assisted death.
“Medical aid in dying should be marked by a profound solemnity,” the protocol states. “Touching the dying person with emotion is more important than counting his breaths.”
Last year, the Supreme Court of Canada struck down laws that bar doctors from helping someone die, but put the ruling on hold for one year. The court later granted the government a four-month extension, but said the terminally ill could ask the courts for an exemption to the ban during that period.
Both the federal and Ontario governments have told they would not oppose the man’s wish for a doctor-assisted death.
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Quotes about Venture
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Finite to fail, but infinite to venture. Votes: 6
Dare to be strong and courageous. That is the road. Venture anything. Votes: 6
Belief in oneself is one of the most important bricks in building any successful venture. Votes: 6
Lydia M. Child
Everyone who achieves success in a great venture, solves each problem as they came to it. They helped themselves. And they were helped through powers known and unknown to them at the time they set out on their voyage. They keep going regardless of the obstacles they met. Votes: 6
W. Clement Stone
Being, be bold and venture to be wise. Votes: 4
Do not plan for ventures before finishing what's at hand. Votes: 4
Venture capitalists are like lemmings jumping on the software bandwagon. Votes: 4
Adam Osborne
Nothing ventured, nothing gained. And venture belongs to the adventurous. Votes: 4
It's good-bye. But we lean forward to the next crazy venture beneath the skies Votes: 4
Unless a man feels he has a good enough memory, he should never venture to lie. Votes: 4
The sky calls to us. If we do not destroy ourselves, we will one day venture to the stars. Votes: 4
I would venture to guess that Anon, who wrote so many poems without signing them, was often a woman. Votes: 4
When individuals join in a cooperative venture, the power generated far exceeds what they could have accomplished acting individually. Votes: 4
R. Buckminster Fuller
It is impossible to win the race unless you venture to run, impossible to win the victory unless you dare to battle. Votes: 4
Richard DeVos
We all have to open our minds, stretch forth, take chances and venture out musically to try and arrive at something new and different. Votes: 4
Horace Silver
It seems the best approach for any venture is a combo platter - Japan's quality-consciousness paired with America's willingness to experiment and (sometimes) fail. Votes: 4
We should venture on the study of every kind of animal without distaste; for each and all will reveal to us something natural and something beautiful. Votes: 4
You must dare to disassociate yourself from those who would delay your journey... Leave, depart, if not physically, then mentally. Go your own way, quietly, undramatically, and venture toward Trueness at last. Votes: 4
There are orphans that can be cared for; but this some will not venture to undertake, for it brings them work more than they care to do, leaving them but little time to please themselves. Votes: 4
Ellen G. White
I am not made like any of those I have seen. I venture to believe that I am not made like any of those who are in existence. If I am not better, at least I am different. Votes: 4
In my experience, there's only one thing that will always steer you toward success: That's to have a vision and to stick with it... Once I have a vision for a new venture, I'm going to ride that vision until the wheels come off. Votes: 4
What is that feeling when you're driving away from people and they recede on the plain till you see their specks dispersing? - it's the too-huge world vaulting us, and it's good-bye. But we lean forward to the next crazy venture beneath the skies. Votes: 4
Courage charms us, because it indicates that a man loves an idea better than all things in the world, that he is thinking neither of his bed, nor his dinner, nor his money, but will venture all to put in act the invisible thought of his mind. Votes: 4
Women have been taught that, for us, the earth is flat, and that if we venture out, we will fall off the edge. Some of us have ventured out nevertheless, and so far we have not fallen off. It is my faith, my feminist faith, that we will not. Votes: 4
My misfortune is doubly painful to me because it will result in my being misunderstood. For me there can be no recreation in the company of others, no intelligent conversation, no exchange of information with peers; only the most pressing needs can make me venture into society. I am obliged to live like an outcast. Votes: 4
Venture capital is always wanting to go up market. Votes: 3
Venture nothing, and life is less than it should be. Votes: 3
Venture capital is unscalable. Production equals the time each partner has. Votes: 3
Venture outside your comfort zone. To stop growing is to stop living. Votes: 3
Venture capital is about capturing the value between the startup phase and the public company phase. Votes: 3
I think 'Something Ventured' is a nice piece because it celebrates venture capital in a unique and powerful way. Votes: 3
Venture too far for love, she tells herself, and you renounce citizenship in the country you've made for yourself. Votes: 3
Venture capitalists certainly create value for themselves, but they also singularly create value for the rest of the world. Votes: 3
Jose Ferreira
Dare to be strong and courageous. That is the road. Venture anything. Be brave enough to dare to be loved. Votes: 3
Venture capital today is clustered in just a few locations - Silicon Valley, New York, Boston, and D.C. It's far from efficiently distributed and accessible. Votes: 3
I was deposed in association with a case involving the Golden Venture, a ship which smuggled Chinese aliens into the United States about eight or nine ago. Votes: 3
Rand Beers
Dare to be strong and courageous. That is the road. Venture anything. Be brave enough to dare to be loved. Be something more than man or woman. Be Tandy. Votes: 3
Some of my best friends are Venture Capitalists, but let's face it, a hamster with Alzheimer's could make those kind of numbers. It's great work if you can get it. Votes: 3
Venture capitalists buy minority positions in young companies they think will grow quickly; buy-out investors buy most or all of companies they think can be turned around by fixing a few basic things. Votes: 3
Venture to a remote corner of a faraway land and, from the moment you get there, every person and every thing becomes an obstacle, designed to entrap you, to stop you proceeding on your way. Votes: 3
Tahir Shah
Venture funds get beaten up for not investing in important things. Okay, if you want venture funds to invest in important things, then don't penalize or make fun of them when those important things don't work. Votes: 3
Bill Maris
Businesses who are members of Businesses for Social Responsibility or the Social Venture Network are internalizing costs on a voluntary basis and therefore raising their costs of doing business, but their competitors are not required to. Votes: 3
Venture capital is about .02% of the U.S. economy invested, and it accounts for 11% of total U.S. jobs and 21% of U.S. economic output. And the reason why is because these companies can get very big, very quickly. Votes: 3
I keep anywhere between 5-10 percent of my net worth in venture ideas. Votes: 2
I would venture to warn against too great intimacy with artists as it is very seductive and a little dangerous. Votes: 2
It's not because things are difficult that we dare not venture. It's because we dare not venture that they are difficult. Votes: 2
A family is a risky venture, because the greater the love, the greater the loss... That's the trade-off. But I'll take it all. Votes: 2
Affairs are easier of entrance than of exit; and it is but common prudence to see our way out before we venture in. Votes: 2
The vision must be followed by the venture. It is not enough to stare up the steps - we must step up the stairs. Votes: 2
Vance Havner
I believe that the war on drugs is a tragically misplaced use of resources - an immoral venture that produces far more suffering than it alleviates. Votes: 2
David Harsanyi
The Indian music market is very film-oriented, and any other creative music venture doesn't receive enough support. I'd rather do singles and put them on my website. Votes: 2
My motto in life is 'Take risks;' you don't have a voice if you don't. You have to venture outside your boundaries. That's what life's all about. Votes: 2
But at the same time that the experience is pulling you apart, it's also bonding you. You have this joint venture! You both made this baby. And that's the thing I still can't get over. Votes: 2
Paul Reiser
Solyndra's failure isn't a reason for the government to give up on alternative energy, any more than the failure of Pets.com during the Internet bubble means that venture capital should steer clear of tech projects. Votes: 2
Silicon Valley has evolved a critical mass of engineers and venture capitalists and all the support structure - the law firms, the real estate, all that - that are all actually geared toward being accepting of startups. Votes: 2
I think generally, in life, I try to always ensure that there are periodic moments where I do venture out of my comfort zone, because that's what keeps you alive. That's what keeps you from getting stale. Votes: 2
Queen Rania of Jordan
Of the sayings of Christ in the Synoptic Gospels that can be compared to those in the fourth Gospel, there are one or two which I venture to think can only have been recorded on the authority of St. John. Votes: 2
Alfred Noyes
I venture to allude to the impression which seemed generally to prevail among their brethren across the seas, that the Old Country must wake up if she intends to maintain her old position of pre-eminence in her colonial trade against foreign competitors. Votes: 2
Sitting at a candidate rally is similar to sitting in a ballyard. Both give you the opportunity to assess the technical metrics and reflect on the intangibles - what baseball calls 'make up' and politics calls 'character' - the leadership, talent and maturity to add value to a venture. Votes: 2
It is important to distinguish between the power of the Internet to make the great change it can, and the limits and vulnerabilities of that change without real-time political mobilization deployed globally to protect those who venture out, especially in closed societies, into the heady new vistas it offers. Votes: 2
Naomi Wolf
Don't just do something because it's a trendy idea and will make you a lot of money. The reason I say that is because any kind of venture involves going through difficult times. If you're doing something you are passionate about and really believe in, then that will carry you through. Votes: 2
Jerry Greenfield
You gotta know that you're better than anybody, 'cause to me, if you don't go in like that, you're gonna lose! They're gonna punk you out! On any stage, court, business venture, on the anchor desk - whatever. You've got to go in believing, 'I can do this better than anybody.' Votes: 2
Stuart Scott
I think that every artistic venture is a risk, and it has to be that way, so you do as much preparation as you can and make that as thorough as you can possibly make it, until you turn up on set. It's about taking risks, and some might work and some might not, but that's what makes it interesting. Votes: 2
The big advantage that we have as a venture capital firm over a hedge fund or a mutual fund is we have a 13-year lockup on our money. And so enterprise can go in and out of fashion four different times, and we can go and invest in one of these companies, and it's okay, because we can stay the course. Votes: 2
That first company I started made a lot of money for the venture capitalists - nearly $30 million - but next to nothing for the founders. The companies I started after that varied between failures and mediocre successes. But at no point did I ever consider getting a 'real job.' That felt like a black and white world, and I wanted Technicolor. Votes: 2
Michael Arrington
Never venture, never win! Votes: 0
The brave venture anything. Votes: 0
Nought venture nought have. Votes: 0
John Heywood
None wise dares hopeless venture. Votes: 0
Where instinct fails, intellect must venture. Votes: 0
The venture community is largely male. Votes: 0
Sandra Lerner
Nought venture, nought have. [Nothing ventured, nothing gained.] Votes: 0
Marriage is a partnership, not a corporate venture. Votes: 0
Sophie Page
Begin, be bold, and venture to be wise. Votes: 0
He that would fish, must venture his bait. Votes: 0
Begin, be bold and venture to be wise. Votes: 0
Keep not standing fixed and rooted. Briskly venture, briskly roam. Votes: 0
His venture sounds like a banana peel awaiting its victim. Votes: 0
Charlotte Curtis
Attitude determines Altitude.Winners never quit.No venture, No gain. Votes: 0
Stella Oladiran
The venture industry is both quite vibrant and quite competitive. Votes: 0
Douglas Leone
Endeavor for greatness, venture for the sake of the heart. Votes: 0
Nadège Richards
The conservative media movement exists primarily as a moneymaking venture. Votes: 0
Alex Pareene
Whoever starts out toward the unknown must consent to venture alone. Votes: 0
Andre Gide
Have courage and a little willingness to venture and be defeated. Votes: 0
Every successful venture is based on an unoriginal idea, beautifully executed. Votes: 0
Ziad K. Abdelnour
To venture causes anxiety. Not to venture is to lose oneself. Votes: 0
One role of government is to go where venture capital won't. Votes: 0
Many of the best firms historically in venture capital have been multi-sector. Votes: 0
Vessels large may venture more, But little boats should keep near shore. Votes: 0
I've never began any important venture for which I felt adequate prepared Votes: 0
Sheldon B. Kopp
The great danger of dealing with venture capitalists is the 'slow maybe'. Votes: 0
John Doerr
A venture not accomplished is loss; working together towards success is VICTORY! Votes: 0
When I started Milk! Records, it was a pretty non-profit making venture. Votes: 0
The only way to know whats possible is to venture past impossible. Votes: 0
If you would venture, let your mind be bold . . . not reckless but bold. Votes: 0
Louis D. Brandeis
Never venture near the door where sin dwells, lest you are dragged in. Votes: 0
William Gurnall
You can never tell when a commercial space venture will suddenly become viable. Votes: 0
My dear friend, venture to take the wind on your face for Christ. Votes: 0
Samuel Rutherford
I will venture to go... but remember that you must hold the ropes. Votes: 0
The more men have to lose, the less willing are they to venture. Votes: 0
There's never been a good period of venture capital when prices weren't high. Votes: 0
Peter Barris
The Cloud-Native Enterprise is a venture capitalist creating continuous innovation powered by Cloud Foundry. Votes: 0
Colin Humphreys
I continued with whatever 'qualified climbers' I could con into this rather unpromising venture. Votes: 0
My first venture into TV was a half-hour sitcom on Fox called 'Roc.' Votes: 0
When we venture beyond the edge of our knowledge, all we have is art. Votes: 0
The gifts of genius are far greater than the givers themselves venture to suppose. Votes: 0
Moses Harvey
Google was a venture-funded company. Being part of that brings an energy to the company. Votes: 0
Back of every mistaken venture and defeat is the laughter of wisdom, if you listen. Votes: 0
It doesn't need to be consistently concentrated in these venture-capital funds and things like that. Votes: 0
There's never been a better time than now to start or accelerate a greentech venture. Votes: 0
Who will venture to place the authority of Copernicus above that of the Holy Spirit? Votes: 0
Accounting rules give financial institutions flexibility about when they choose to recognize venture capital profits. Votes: 0
I quit being afraid when my first venture failed and the sky didn't fall down. Votes: 0
Al Neuharth
I venture to prophesy that there lies before us a bitter and an evil time. Votes: 0
Auberon Herbert
Reading, my earliest refuge in the unknown world, made me want to venture into it. Votes: 0
He who would not fall off the precipice must not venture too near the edge. Votes: 0
Frances J Roberts
Allen Neuharth
Lavender is the new pink. I'll never stop wearing pink but I wanted to venture out. Votes: 0
The healthier a new venture and the faster it grows, the more financial feeding it requires. Votes: 0
The need for some venture of faith still remains; one must stake one's life upon something. Votes: 0
Henry Norris Russell
All I need is the breakthrough. The joint-venture for my clothing. Same as Stella McCartney has... Votes: 0
The first rule of venture capitalism is hands-on experience. You have to get your hands dirty. Votes: 0
Vinod Khosla
In Puritan thinking, the Christian life was a heroic venture, requiring a full quota of energy. Votes: 0
Leland Ryken
Too many players are so afraid to do anything that they seldom venture to do anything. Votes: 0
Who would venture upon the journey of life, if compelled to begin it at the end? Votes: 0
Francoise d'Aubigne, Marquise de Maintenon
Music can happen with equal ease as a solo or collaborative venture, it seems to me. Votes: 0
To venture upon an undertaking of any kind, even the most insignificant, is to sacrifice to envy. Votes: 0
Emile M. Cioran
I venture to say no war can be long carried on against the will of the people. Votes: 0
I believe Twitter, right now, is just finishing the venture capital phase, getting into a maturity level. Votes: 0
Al-Waleed bin Talal
I've built a wall around me, never letting anybody inside and trying not to venture outside myself Votes: 0
I venture to say that it's not enough to respect and tolerate religions other than our own. Votes: 0
Many live in the ivory tower called reality; they never venture on the open sea of thought. Votes: 0
Francois Gautier
I would rather receive a Pap smear from Captain Hook than venture out on New Year's Eve. Votes: 0
Jen Lancaster
I loved too sincerely, too completely, I venture to say, to be able to be happy easily. Votes: 0
The poor man who enters into a partnership with one who is rich makes a risky venture. Votes: 0
Most venture capitalists won't read a business plan unless the entrepreneur is introduced to them by a contact. Votes: 0
Over the past 10 years, the majority of value creation in the venture community has been in consumer Internet. Votes: 0
No new venture occurs without mistakes. Dare to learn and grow through your mistakes--this is how mastery occurs! Votes: 0
Debra Crown LPC-S LCDC
Who would not, finding way, break loose from hell, . . . . And boldly venture to whatever place Farthest from pain? Votes: 0
Few would venture to deny the advantages of temperance in increasing the efficiency of a nation at war. Votes: 0
William Lyon Mackenzie
There are those who are so scrupulously afraid of doing wrong that they seldom venture to do anything. Votes: 0
Luc de Clapiers
The best talent in the venture industry doesn't work in large companies and won't work in large companies. Votes: 0
I'd love to venture into TV or do some gritty dramas - Guy Ritchie, that kind of thing. Votes: 0
I love acting so much more than singing, and hopefully I'd be able to venture into that properly. Votes: 0
Elizabeth Tan
To succeed, you must take a risk and venture out of your comfort zone in order to fly. Votes: 0
Debasish Mridha
A bold attitude is what true leaders use to crash down failure before they venture with their visions! Votes: 0
Israelmore Ayivor
That's the beauty of starting lines: Until you begin a new venture, you never know what awaits you. Votes: 0
Amby Burfoot
As I became a venture capitalist, it's almost like I went to the dark side for a while. Votes: 0
Luke Nosek
The payoff of a human venture is, in general, inversely proportional to what it is expected to be. Votes: 0
We venture to make the assertion that there is but one sin: IGNORANCE, and but one salvation: APPLIED KNOWLEDGE. Votes: 0
Max Heindel
If we venture beyond the pale of Scripture, we are...exposed to all the illusions of imagination and enthusiasm. Votes: 0
Amateurs... venture into scenes that a writer with more experience (and more professional concern) would bypass or eschew altogether. Votes: 0
If I may venture to be frank I would say about myself that I was every inch a gentleman ... Votes: 0
I should venture to assert that the most pervasive fallacy of philosophic thinking goes back to neglect of context. Votes: 0
Most venture capital funds are too short-termist and exit-driven to deal with the highly uncertain and lengthy innovation process. Votes: 0
Mariana Mazzucato
Beauty should be shared for it enhances our joys. To explore its mystery is to venture towards the sublime. Votes: 0
LEARN FROM FAILURE. If you are an entrepreneur and your first venture wasn't a success, welcome to the club. Votes: 0
The ability to bounce back after a setback is the single most important trait an entrepreneurial venture can possess. Votes: 0
It is always safe to learn, even from our enemies; seldom safe to venture to instruct, even our friends. Votes: 0
Charles Caleb Colton
Leaders don't venture without vision. They don't pray without plans. They don't climb without clues. They are always prepared. Votes: 0
I know the greatness of Christianity; it is a past greatness.. I live in 1924, and the Christian venture is done. Votes: 0
We are not greatly pleased that our friends should respect our good qualities if they venture to perceive our faults. Votes: 0
A fool and his money will soon be departed applies equally to venture capitalists as it does to everyone else. Votes: 0
Where micro-finance focuses on small loans to individual, low-income women, think of Acumen Fund more like a venture capital fund. Votes: 0
Jacqueline Novogratz
Yoga is an inner process, which makes it a solitary venture, yet it works better when you have external support. Votes: 0
Nirmalananda
Every start on an untrodden path is a venture which only in unusual circumstances looks sensible and likely to succeed. Votes: 0
Indeed, I would venture to guess that Anon, who wrote so many poems without signing them, was often a woman. Votes: 0
I've been a customer of the top venture capital firms, so I know exactly what they do and don't do. Votes: 0
Service to a just cause rewards the worker with more real happiness and satisfaction than any other venture of life. Votes: 0
What do you get when you cross a herd of sheep with a herd of lemmings? A herd of venture capitalists. Votes: 0
All markets have boom and bust cycles, and I think venture capital market has even more exaggerated boom and bust cycles. Votes: 0
Believing your own bullshit is always a perilous activity, but never more fatal than for the owner of a start-up venture. Votes: 0
Felix Dennis
Our belief at the beginning of a doubtful undertaking is the one thing that assures the successful outcome of any venture. Votes: 0
Mozart's music is an invitation to the listener to venture just a little out of the sense of his own subjectivity. Votes: 0
I think I'm going to venture into the futuristic, semi sci-fi love story land, but still in my style of improvisation. Votes: 0
Society can't wait. It's sad there are so many entrepreneurs, business successes and venture capitalists who give no thought to society. Votes: 0
Confronted with a challenge to distill the secret of sound investment into three words, we venture the motto, Margin of Safety. Votes: 0
Deep down? That sounds like settling to me. You shouldn't have to venture deep down in order to get to love. Votes: 0
There is no way to peace along the way to safety. For peace must be dared. It is the great venture. Votes: 0
I delivered lectures, and I was also a consultant for international companies in finance, both private equity and big venture capital funds. Votes: 0
There are so many similarities between a startup venture and a political campaign - the rhythm, the tempo, the hours, the intensity. Votes: 0
Mike McCurry
Some people are so much afraid of being deceived, that they never venture to trust; like misers, their avarice destroys their gain. Votes: 0
It is not advisable to venture unsolicited opinions. You should spare yourself the embarrassing discovery of their exact value to your listener. Votes: 0
My object to venture the suggestion that an important application of phonetics to metrical problems lies in the study of phonetic word-structure. Votes: 0
Adelaide Crapsey
Now the music industry is sort of like a Craigslist venture, right? Where you're making your own records and selling them online. Votes: 0
Jamestown colony, when it was first founded as a socialist venture, dang near failed with everybody dead and dying in the snow, Votes: 0
Dick Armey
Readers of novels are a strange folk, upon whose probable or even possible tastes no wise book-maker would ever venture to bet. Votes: 0
E. V. Lucas
Could I be assured that America would remain virtuous, I would venture to defy the utmost Efforts of Enemies to subjugate her. Votes: 0
You can't know what the future holds, though you might conjecture on it, and if you're psychic, you might venture a guess. Votes: 0
Even those who venture to dip a toe in the pond of risk never allow themselves to get used to the water. Votes: 0
David Viscott
Many might go to heaven with half the labour they go to hell, if they would venture their industry the right way. Votes: 0
I sung of Chaos and Eternal Night, Taught by the heav'nly Muse to venture down The dark descent, and up to reascend... Votes: 0
Richard M. DeVos
Scientists must venture outside their comfort zones to show the public how cool - and how important - their work really is. Votes: 0
Francis Collins
There is no country in the world where it's as easy to find venture capital in the stock market as the United States. Votes: 0
Ron Chernow
When we venture in that unfamiliar sea, we trust blindly in those who guide us, believing that they know more than we do. Votes: 0
For church planters, the motivation is not about the romantic or heroic venture ... it is because you realize you can't not plant one. Votes: 0
Dan Kimball
I wouldn't venture to say which kind of sin is more prevalent. I wouldn't even want to try to characterize certain 'circles.' Votes: 0
The anomaly is that, as a publishing venture, comics are not doing very well. As a venture that supplies other media, they're incredible. Votes: 0
Dennis O'Neil
Each venture Is a new beginning, a raid on the inarticulate With shabby equipment always deteriorating In the general mess of imprecision of feeling. Votes: 0
Many venture capitalists say they're looking for the next big idea. But they aren't, really; they're looking for something derivative, because derivative is safe. Votes: 0
It is the part of a wise man to keep himself today for tomorrow, and not to venture all his eggs in one basket. Votes: 0
Show me a first-generatio n fortune and I'll show you a successful partnership between a talented individual and society's invisible venture capitalist, the commons. Votes: 0
William H. Gates, Sr.
We have crushed the whole force which dared to venture there. They were on the runway at Saddam International Airport. That force was crushed Votes: 0
Mohammed Saeed al-Sahaf
Every venture capitalist says at some point, 'I wish I could run this company myself' -- to be the entrepreneur instead of the investor. Votes: 0
Alan Patricof
Every venture capitalist says at some point, 'I wish I could run this company myself' - to be the entrepreneur instead of the investor. Votes: 0
Because poets feel what we're afraid to feel, venture where we're reluctant to go, we learn from their journeys without taking the same dramatic risks. Votes: 0
Diane Ackerman
Not many venture firms have people whose job is to read academic research - on startups, ventures, and entrepreneurs - and gather knowledge from that. Votes: 0
Finance is critical. If sufficient investment is made in infrastructure and venture capital is made available, there will be a big improvement in the situation. Votes: 0
The artist's task is to become a successful eccentric, a strange but wise duck able to venture out of solitary confinement and mingle among society. Votes: 0
Eric Maisel
You can invest in companies, you can help grow companies, you can be a venture capitalist - and be a philanthropist at the same time. Votes: 0
The biggest secret in venture capital is that the best investment in a successful fund equals or outperforms the entire rest of the fund combined. Votes: 0
I have been in a youth hostel...You are put in a kitchen with seventeen venture scouts with behavioural difficulties and made to wash swedes. Votes: 0
Lucifer also has died with God, and from his ashes has arisen a spiteful demon who does not even understand the object of his venture. Votes: 0
There's almost too much venture capital in India - there are issues with seed capital, but for venture capital, there's a lot money chasing deals here. Votes: 0
Ram Shriram
The U.S. and Israel probably lead the way in terms of venture investment in technologies companies focused on the security paradigm. That is quite encouraging. Votes: 0
John W. Thompson
I never suffered for lack of confidence. I knew I would succeed; you have to. I think I couldn't go into any venture any other way. Votes: 0
Our spiritual life is a venture in the dark, between the soul and God, and no spiritual life is worth the name unless it is so. Votes: 0
Janet Erskine Stuart
One of the things that has been truly incredible to observe though, is the amount of venture investment that has gone into early stage security technology. Votes: 0
The larvae! The scent of young blood entices and draws them closer. There's no need to venture into antiquity to evoke the shades of the dead. Votes: 0
To venture an opinion is like moving a piece at chess: it may be taken, but it forms the beginning of a game that is won. Votes: 0
still hope leads men to venture; and no one ever yet put himself in peril without the inward conviction that he would succeed in his design. Votes: 0
If you never venture outside the box, you will probably not be creative. But if you never get inside the box, you will certainly be stupid. Votes: 0
Christopher Peterson
It is important that New York, in addition to its fashion, and finance, and tourism, and communications infrastructure, also begin developing venture infrastructure that's for real. Votes: 0
It is this belief in a power larger than myself and other than myself which allows me to venture into the unknown and even the unknowable. Votes: 0
Anyone who thinks that the last 80 years, ever since FDR took us off gold, have been a doomed venture, that strikes me as kind of cranky. Votes: 0
We receive all we venture to give. And one of the things I've learned over the years is that giving is everything, and taking is nothing. Votes: 0
Jon Anderson
The worlds of folklore and religion were so mingled in early twentieth venture German culture that even families who didn't go to church were often deeply Christian. Votes: 0
In this neighbourhood people don't venture out after dark. It's not safe for them. Only the terminally stupid and the criminally motivated come out at this hour. Votes: 0
J.J. Bonds
Exploring Mars is a far different venture from Apollo expeditions to the moon; it necessitates leaving our home planet on lengthy missions with a constrained return capability. Votes: 0
Faith always contains an element of risk, of venture; and we are impelled to make the venture by the affinity and attraction which we feel in ourselves. Votes: 0
Dean Inge
Val- I'm on Bourbon" (Acheron) I will not venture down that street of crass iniquities and plebeian horror, Acheron. It is the cesspit of humanity. (Valerius) Votes: 0
Leadership is about change... The best way to get people to venture into unknown terrain is to make it desirable by taking them there in their imaginations. Votes: 0
Noel Tichy
[M]anufacturing, science and engineering are ... incredibly creative. I'd venture to say more so than creative advertising agencies and things that are known as the creative industries. Votes: 0
To venture causes anxiety, but not to venture is to lose one's self.... And to venture in the highest is precisely to be conscious of one's self. Votes: 0
William Ralph Inge
Always be careful of where you run to. When the going gets tough, take it easy and slow down, else you venture into the den of lions. Votes: 0
Michael Bassey Johnson
The more you venture to live greatly, the more you will find within you what it takes to get on top of the things and stay there. Votes: 0
I'll say this: I can't think of one instance in my 20 years in venture capital in which I have wanted to sell a company before the entrepreneur. Votes: 0
Very, very few entrepreneurs who accept a 51 percent partner in a new venture will get rich if they are also expected to run it. Control is mandatory. Votes: 0
We have never seen a career like George Strait's in this business, and I venture to say we never will again. He has handled things amazingly well. Votes: 0
Lee Ann Womack
I think one of the key differentiators I bring to the table as a venture capitalist is a solid understanding of the public markets and how they operate. Votes: 0
I see architecture not as Gropius did, as a moral venture, as truth, but as invention, in the same way that poetry or music or painting is invention. Votes: 0
A lawyer without history or literature is a mechanic, a mere working mason; if he possesses some knowledge of these, he may venture to call himself an architect. Votes: 0
I was an accomplished junior tennis player up to around fourteen years old. At fourteen or fifteen I made the decision to venture off to make my life 100% music. Votes: 0
Aaron Zigman
In the year 1456 ... a Comet was seen passing Retrograde between the Earth and the sun... Hence I dare venture to foretell, that it will return again in the year 1758. Votes: 0
Pan, who and what art thou?" he cried huskily."I'm youth, I'm joy," Peter answered at a venture, "I'm a little bird that has broken out of the egg. Votes: 0
J.M. Barrie
Pan, who and what art thou?" he cried huskily. "I'm youth, I'm joy," Peter answered at a venture, "I'm a little bird that has broken out of the egg. Votes: 0
James M. Barrie
It is only after you have come to know the surface of things ... that you can venture to seek what is underneath. But the surface of things is inexhaustible. Votes: 0
As for our great King, when we venture into His presence, let us have a purpose there. Let us beware of playing at praying; it is insolence toward God. Votes: 0
To engage with art, we have to be willing to be wrong, venture outside our psychic comfort zones, suspend disbelief, and remember that art explores and alters consciousness simultaneously. Votes: 0
After closely examining my conscience, I venture to state that in my historical novels I intended the content to be just as modern and up-to-date as in the contemporary ones. Votes: 0
Lion Feuchtwanger
To venture into space we must be strong-willed and determined. We must be fully committed to its exploration and discovery; space permits no half measures and is unforgiving of mistakes. Votes: 0
Henry Joy McCracken
Long sentences, awkward constructions, and fuzzy-wuzzy words that seem to apologize for daring to venture an opinion are part of the price the law reviews pay for their precious dignity. Votes: 0
Fred Rodell
I love what I do and being in front of the camera. But I never want to limit myself to just one thing and just venture out into new things. Votes: 0
I am not just my hair; I proved to myself that I am a cast of characters. I'm feeling freer to venture out of the 'look' people know me for. Votes: 0
First of all, in terms of investment in Internet-related developments, venture capitalists - once burned - are now very cautious and are investing in areas that actually make business sense. Votes: 0
Vinton Cerf
Vint Cerf
Prior to SunRun, I was headed toward a career in venture capital and then realized I wanted to apply my knowledge of finance more directly to helping change the world. Votes: 0
Lynn Jurich
He who fears to venture as far as his heart urges and his reason permits, is a coward; he who ventures further than he intended to go, is a slave. Votes: 0
The mistake that makes launching a venture expensive is when you try to make a disruptive technology so good that it can compete on a quality basis with an established product. Votes: 0
We must learn to lean upon ourselves; we must learn to plan and execute business enterprises of our own; we must learn to venture our pennies if we would gain dollars. Votes: 0
Timothy Thomas Fortune
For all the worship that Ronald Reagan elicits in conservative circles in the United States, I would venture that Thatcher did far more to reshape British society than Reagan did here. Votes: 0
Jon Weisman
I venture that those of us who are most serene when faced with the possibility of nothingness are the ones who've reached furthest to the downward and upward of their beings. Votes: 0
Francine du Plessix Gray
Business by no means forbids pleasures; on the contrary, they reciprocally season each other; and I will venture to affirm that noman enjoys either in perfection that does not join both. Votes: 0
Democracies are indeed slow to make war, but once embarked upon a martial venture are equally slow to make peace and reluctant to make a tolerable, rather than a vindictive, peace. Votes: 0
At the heart of all that civilization has meant and developed is 'community' - the mutually cooperative and voluntary venture of man to assume a semblance of responsibility for his brother. Votes: 0
So many folks in the venture capital business are sheep that just want to follow the herd. They are momentum investors purchasing highly illiquid investments. That is a recipe for disaster. Votes: 0
before I embark on any new venture, I ask myself: will the joy of doing this make me lose track of any concern for time? If the answer is yes, I proceed! Votes: 0
I will venture to say there is more learning and science within the circumference of ten miles from where we now sit [in London], than in all the rest of the kingdom. Votes: 0
I felt compelled to venture forth and explore the true face of the world. Leading a satisfying life of plenty had blinded many of us to the immense hardships beyond our borders. Votes: 0
I have never met with a friend who furnished me sea-room. I have only tacked a few times and come to anchor - not sailed - made no voyage, carried no venture. Votes: 0
The venture business is a bit of an apprenticeship business, so the firm I worked for didn't let me make an investment until I was 30. That was probably a very smart thing. Votes: 0
If our long-term survival is at stake, we have a basic responsibility to our species to venture to other worlds. Sailors on a becalmed sea, we sense the stirring of a breeze. Votes: 0
Faint heart never won fair lady! Nothing venture, nothing win Blood is thick, but water's thin In for a penny, in for a pound It's Love that makes the world go 'round! Votes: 0
W.S. Gilbert
You venture into the unknown land because that is where your heart will take you. In the end, it is not what you want to do, it is something you have to do. Votes: 0
Children are curious and are risk takers. They have lots of courage. They venture out into a world that is immense and dangerous. A child initially trusts life and the processes of life. Votes: 0
John Bradshaw
When he is cheerful--when the sun shines into his mind--then I venture to peep in, just as far as the light reaches, but no further. It is holy ground where the shadow falls! Votes: 0
You might not think of something like TurboTax as a civic venture, but that product took a confusing interface to a government process and made it simpler and easier to use for citizens. Votes: 0
Jennifer Pahlka
I venture to say that every man who is not presumably incapacitated by some consideration of personal unfitness or of political danger is morally entitled to come within the pale of the Constitution. Votes: 0
William E. Gladstone
Fun is one of the most important - and underrated - ingredients in any successful venture. If you're not having fun, then it's probably time to call it quits and try something else, Votes: 0
When we start a new venture, we base it on hard research and analysis. Typically, we review the industry and put ourselves in our customer's shoes to see what we could do better. Votes: 0
There is nothing in the world, I venture to say, that would so effectively help one to survive even the worst conditions as the knowledge that there is a meaning in one's life. Votes: 0
Satisfy yourself beyond all doubt that you are qualified for the course to which you now aspire.....and try to achieve something in your own land before you venture on a strange one. Votes: 0
Remember this: When you are doing nothing, those speculators who feel they must trade day in and day out, are laying the foundation for your next venture. You will reap benefits from their mistakes. Votes: 0
Jesse Lauriston Livermore
However novel it may appear, I shall venture the assertion, that, until women assume the place in society which good sense and good feeling alike assign to them, human improvement must advance but feebly. Votes: 0
A person of power embraces challenges in complete gratitude. No matter the situation life may bring, discontent is never justified, rather all is experienced as an opportunity and a privilege to venture and grow. Votes: 0
James Arthur Ray
I like very human stories that venture into sci-fi or the supernatural or areas that I think occupy a lot of space in our collective memory for the films that we loved as children. Votes: 0
Writing a funny story is one thing. But writing a funny story that inspires others to venture beyond their level of comfort in pursuit of their greater good is what makes me come alive. Votes: 0
Romany Malco
People tend to think that in order to start a new business they have to come up with something new and dazzling, but that's a myth - and it's often propagated by venture capitalists. Votes: 0
Gurbaksh Chahal
I wanted to be a venture capitalist and join Sequoia Capital. They've financed and helped built some really special and enormously successful companies, including Google, Yahoo, Paypal, YouTube, Cisco, Oracle, Apple, and also Zappos. Votes: 0
Alfred Lin
This is emphatically an age of discoveries; but I will venture the assertion, that none but an American slaveholder could have discovered that a man born in a country was not a citizen of it. Votes: 0
But at the same time that the experience is pulling you apart, it's also bonding you. You have this joint venture! You both made this baby. And that's the thing I still can't get over Votes: 0
I am a partner at CrunchFund, a venture capital firm with investments in many startups around the world. I am also a limited partner in many other venture funds which have their own startup investments. Votes: 0
I venture to give an alternative method of regarding the processes occurring in the electric field, which I have often found useful and which is, from a mathematical point of view, equivalent to Maxwell's Theory. Votes: 0
Joseph John Thomson
It is clear as you look at the team why Data Point Capital has so quickly become one of the premier venture capital firms. I look forward to adding to the firm's very bright future. Votes: 0
Colin Angle
At a basic level venture capitalists are arbitrageurs: they have access to more information than those with the capital, and access to more capital than those with information, and they profit by exploiting the mismatch. Votes: 0
Ben Thompson
Everything you want is cheap or free. If you went to a venture capitalist and said: "I need money to buy tools." You flunked the IQ test, I mean every tool that you need is free!
I'd like to expand on doing what I love and venture out a bit more. I would like to play consistantly good music. Eventually someday I would like to open up a school and teach kids about music.
Bo Bice
I would venture to affirm that a man cannot attain excellence if he satisfy the ignorant and not those of his own craft, and if he be not 'singular' or 'distant,' or whatever you like to call him.
Being a venture capitalist to me is like being more of a psychologist. So if you come to my office we have two chairs with a table in the middle. And we sit down and it's like, Tell me your problems.
Keith Rabois
I will venture to assert that no combination of designing men under heaven will be capable of making a government unpopular which is in its principles a wise and good one, and vigorous in its operations.
Many people have the right aim in life, they just never get around to pulling the trigger. The vision must be followed by the venture. It is not enough to stare up the steps -- we must step up the stairs.
It is a maxim, founded on the universal experience of mankind, that no nation is to be trusted farther than it is bound by its interest; and no prudent statesman or politician will venture to depart from it.
The artist, who must venture into the studio and risk there, and then venture into the marketplace and risk again, is obliged to learn how her defences work, so that she can drop and raise her guard instantly.
Nothing is more evident, I venture to think, as a result of two or three thousand years of social philosophizing, than that society must live and thrive by way of the native impulses of individual human beings.
William Ernest Hocking
The main line of the Yugoslav Attack has become just too vast for most players to study in depth, and anyone intending to venture into such tricky waters needs to have an intimate knowledge of all the hidden reefs.
John Nunn
It doesn't much matter what line of argument you take as a woman. If you venture into traditional male territory, the abuse comes anyway. It's not what you say that prompts it"it's the fact that you are saying it.
The big issue is whether the United States will succeed in its venture of reshaping the Middle East. It is not clear to me that using military force is the way to do it. We should not have gone into Iraq. But we have.
I may venture to affirm the rest of mankind, that they are nothing but a bundle or collection of different perceptions, which succeed each other with an inconceivable rapidity, and are in a perpetual flux and movement.
I always have awkward relationships with the ladies for whatever reason. I don't know and so here we are. I was able to sort of take all of those terrible, terrible, terrible dates and turn them into a money making venture.
As the avenues and streets of a city are nothing less than its arteries and veins, we may well ask what doctor would venture to promise bodily health if he knew that the blood circulation was steadily growing more congested!
Hugh Ferriss
Begin, be bold, and venture to be wise, He who defers this work from day to day, Does on a river's bank expecting stay, Till the whole stream, which stopped him, should be gone, That runs, and as it runs, for ever will run on.
Abraham Cowley
As there are none so weak that we may venture to injure them with impunity, so there are none so low that they may not at some time be able to repay an obligation. Therefore, what benevolence would dictate, prudence would confirm.
Although most friendships that exist do not merit the name, we can nevertheless make use of them in accordance with our needs, as a kind of commercial venture based on uncertain foundations and in which we are very often deceived.
Madeleine de Souvre, marquise de ...
The fifth province is not anywhere here or there, north or south, east or west. It is a place within each of us. It is that place that is open to the other, that swinging door which allows us to venture out and others to venture in.
Mary Robinson
Im obsessed with those old romance films. I also would love to venture into the silent film world. I think thats extremely compelling and interesting and really relies on the acting, even more so than when you have an actor speaking.
To be longing for this thing to-day and for that thing to-morrow; to change likings for loathings, and to stand wishing and hankering at a venture--how is it possible for any man to be at rest in this fluctuant, wandering humor and opinion?
Roger L'Estrange
Meditation was invented as a way for the soul to venture inward, there ultimately to find supreme identity with Godhead. Whatever else it does, and it does many beneficial things, meditation is first and foremost a search for the God within.
As to the most prudent logicians might venture to deduce from a skein of wool the probable existence of a sheep; so you, from the raw stuff of perception, may venture to deduce a universe which transcends the reproductive powers of your loom.
Evelyn Underhill
Sleep on your writing; take a walk over it; scrutinize it of a morning; review it of an afternoon; digest it after a meal; let it sleep in your drawer a twelvemonth; never venture a whisper about it to your friend, if he be an author especially.
Amos Bronson Alcott
Producers think in the language of abundance rather than scarcity, take initiative instead of waiting for someone else to provide them with opportunity, and boldly venture wise risks instead of surrendering to fear that they can't make a difference.
Oliver DeMille
Whether each of the faithful has a particular angel assigned him for his defense, I cannot venture certainly to affirm; not one angel only has the care of every one of us, but that all the angels together with one consent watch over our salvation....
Even if I knew nothing of the atoms, I would venture to assert on the evidence of the celestial phenomena themselves, supported by many other arguments, that the universe was certainly not created for us by divine power: it is so full of imperfections.
Then I could not help wondering what the watching gods thought of us, with our clever masks and our jokes. What we think of crickets, perhaps, whose singing we hear with pleasure, though some of us smash them with our heels when they venture into sight.
I venture to maintain that there are multitudes to whom the necessity of discharging the duties of a butcher would be so inexpressibly painful and revolting, that if they could obtain a flesh diet on no other condition, they would relinquish it forever.
William Edward Hartpole Lecky
Let us first fulfill Christ's injunction ourselves and only then venture to expect it of our children. Otherwise we are not fathers, but enemies of our children, and they are not our children, but our enemies, and we have made them our enemies ourselves.
The essence of the expert is that his field shall be very special and narrow: one of the ways in which he inspires confidence is to rigidly limit himself to the little toe; he would scarcely venture an off-the-record opinion on an infected little finger.
Louis Kronenberger
Never despise small beginnings, and don't belittle your own accomplishments. Remember them and use them as inspiration as you go on to the next thing. When you venture outside your comfort zone, wherever the starting point may be, it's kind of a big deal.
I venture on assuring you that I regard the design formed by you and your friends with sincere interest, and in particular wish well to all the efforts you may make on behalf of individual freedom and independence as opposed to what is termed Collectivism .
When you come across real talent, it is sometimes worth allowing them to create the structure in which they choose to labor. In nine cases out of ten, by inviting them to take responsibility and control for a new venture, you will motivate them to do great things.
There is nothing more lonely than eternity. And nothing is more cozy for us than to be a human being. This indeed is another contradiction-how can we keep the bonds of our humanness and still venture gladly and purposefully into the absolute loneliness of eternity?
If I venture to displace ... the microscopical speck of dust... on the point of my finger,... I have done a deed which shakes the Moon in her path, which causes the Sun to be no longer the Sun, and which alters forever the destiny of multitudinous myriads of stars.
The government is somewhat inept, but the private sector is inept in general. How many companies do venture capitalists invest in that go poorly? By far most of them. However, every once in a while a Google or a Microsoft comes out, so people keep giving them money.
What we need as Christians is to be able to feed ourselves. How many there are who sit helpless and listless, with open mouths, hungry for spiritual things, and the minister has to try to feed them, while the Bible is a feast prepared, into which they never venture.
Dwight L. Moody
Scientists have practical reasons for wishing that religion and science be kept separate. They can see nothing but trouble ... if they venture into the deeply divisive issue of religion - especially when their results tend to support a highly unpopular, atheistic conclusion.
Victor J. Stenger
Today's president, CEO or managing director needs to be a disruptive influence with imagination, vision, and courage to lead the organization into new and dangerous territory. The leader must be an entrepreneurial driver who can inspire the team to boldly venture into uncharted lands.
Paul Sloane
But a few choosing to venture deeper into the painful corridors of their affliction, found after a while that they could now grind and polish ever more exotic surfaces, hyperboloidial and even stranger, eventually including what we must term âimaginary' shapes (which some preferred to term invisible).
I'm not an historian but I'll venture an opinion: Modern cosmology really began with Darwin and Wallace. Unlike anyone before them, they provided explanations of our existence that completely rejected supernatural agents... Darwin and Wallace set a standard not only for the life sciences but for cosmology as well.
Leonard Susskind
New business venture (21 quotes)
None of our family businesses were focused on technology. It was '93 when I came out of law school, and the Internet was taking hold. So I started New World Ventures. Votes: 1 J. B. Pritzker
New venture (55 quotes)
Very, very few entrepreneurs who accept a 51 percent partner in a new venture will get rich if they are also expected to run it. Control is mandatory. Votes: 4 Felix Dennis
Venture Capital (81 quotes)
There is no country in the world where it's as easy to find venture capital in the stock market as the United States. Votes: 6 Ron Chernow
Venture capitalist (49 quotes)
Most venture capitalists won't read a business plan unless the entrepreneur is introduced to them by a contact. Votes: 4 Guy Kawasaki
New business venture
Venture capitalist
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BAC unveils modular hybrid fluid cooler
Industrial refrigeration
By Michael Garry, Mar 27, 2018, 00:42 • 2 minute reading
Nexus unit can be used with transcritical CO2 systems.
BAC's Nexus hybrid fluid cooler
Baltimore Aircoil Company (BAC), Jessup, Md., has introduced a modular hybrid fluid cooler, called Nexus, that can be employed with a transcritical CO2 refrigeration system, as well as in HVAC and light industrial applications.
The stainless-steel Nexus, which was unveiled in January at the AHR Expo in Chicago, took five years to develop. It has a modular design that cab range between one and six modules, depending on capacity, noted Paul Noreen, BAC’s director of sales for North America.
When the Nexus fluid cooler is used with a transcritical CO2 system, the CO2 rack is fitted with a brazed plate heat exchanger, explained Noreen. CO2 gas from compressors condenses (or cools, depending on the ambient temperature) in the heat exchanger, with heat removed by water pumped from the fluid cooler on the roof. The fluid cooler in this scenario replaces a condenser/gas cooler on the roof.
The hot water brought back to the roof is cooled in the hybrid fluid cooler, either by water sprayed on a BAC-developed “hCore” heat exchanger or by air when the ambient temperature is less than 60°F.
This scenario is especially suited for a grocery store on the ground floor of a multi-story building, Noreen said. “CO2 pipes can hold 1,200 pounds of pressure, and you probably don’t want those running through somebody’s apartment. It’s a lot safer to run water with 30 pounds of pressure.”
The Nexus system in concert with a compressor rack heat exchanger uses less CO2 refrigerant, he said, adding that the Nexus requires 40% less water than a typical fluid cooler.
In addition, the Nexus, which can also be used inside a building, offers “more capacity in a smaller footprint,” said Noreen. The units are up to eight feet shorter in height, 40% smaller in footprint and 35% lighter in weight than traditional fluid coolers, said BAC,
The modular makeup of the Nexus allows it to be brought to a rooftop in a freight elevator instead of with a crane, he noted.
The Nexus system could also be used in a water-loop application for propane self-contained display cases.
CO2 pipes can hold 1,200 pounds of pressure, and you probably don’t want those running through somebody’s apartment. It’s a lot safer to run water with 30 pounds of pressure.”
– Paul Noreen, BAC
By Michael Garry
NATURAL REFRIGERANTS
NatRefs 101
By Michael Garry , Jul 02, 2019, 08:18
Tracing the growth of natural refrigerants through the first 100 issues of Accelerate magazines from around the world.
Europe – leading the world
By Andrew Williams , Jul 02, 2019, 09:09
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