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Home Aviation House vote on must-pass aviation bill may slip to September
House vote on must-pass aviation bill may slip to September
A House vote on whether to separate air traffic control from the federal government – which is included in a must-pass aviation bill – will likely slip to September, Rep. Bill Shuster (R-Pa.) told Fox News.
Shuster, chairman of the House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee, has been scrambling to whip up support for the spinoff proposal, which was included in a long-term reauthorization of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). President Trump has also publicly endorsed the model and sent high-ranking officials to Capitol Hill to sell skeptical Republicans on the idea.
But with supporters short on votes and facing a time crunch, it appears that action on the legislation will have to wait until after the August recess. House lawmakers are scheduled to leave town after this week.
Shuster said he remains committed to passing a long-term FAA bill before the agency’s legal authority expires at the end of September, and he hopes to avoid enacting another extension.
“The end of September… the FAA bill is a must-pass bill— if it doesn’t get funded they’ll stop funding the FAA program, various programs. So we won’t let that happen,” Shuster reportedly said. ‘We will have to figure it out as we move forward.”
The legislation may be tacked onto other must-pass legislation, such as a debt ceiling bill, the report added.
Across the Capitol, the Senate is moving ahead with an FAA bill that leaves the country’s air navigation system in place. But senators are also struggling to find room on the floor calendar, while the measure contains controversial language regarding pilot training requirements that may stop the bill from moving forward.
Assuming both chambers are able to pass their FAA bills, the House and Senate would still need to hash out differences in conference negotiations – a process that could prove challenging and time-consuming.
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Home Aviation The long and the short of Wellington’s runway battle
The long and the short of Wellington’s runway battle
Analysis – Two years of arguing over a word has ended up in the Supreme Court, and its decision could have sky-high consequences for two of New Zealand’s busiest airports.
A plane heading into Wellington Airport: In Wellington, one of the runway’s safety areas stands between it and the sea.
Photo: RNZ / Rebekah Parsons-King
The battle over extending Wellington’s runway has wound its way through the courts since 2015.
It was sparked when the Civil Aviation Authority director gave the airport’s project the provisional go-ahead, saying it could be built with the minimum safety areas required under local and international law.
But the court’s decision could have far reaching consequences for five airports, two of them international, making their runways non-compliant and potentially costing hundreds of millions of dollars.
Wellington Airport with a rendering of the proposed extension
Photo: Supplied
Wellington Airport wants to extend the southern section of its runway by 355m in a bid to attract long-haul flights from Asia and the Americas.
At the moment, the runway has 90m safety areas at either end – the legal minimum. The majority of accidents happen on take-off and landing, and safety areas minimise the danger of missing the runway.
Wellington Airport asked the Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) if it could stick with the 90m minimum if it got permission to lengthen the runway.
The extension alone would cost about $330 million, that’s $930,000 per linear metre, with a commercial value to the airport of roughly $100m over the next 40 years.
It would, however, be economically beneficial for the region and the country as a whole, and public money would likely pay for the bulk of the project.
The airport said the cost of extending the safety areas outweighed the safety benefits – effectively doubling the cost of the project to prevent an accident that would statistically happen less than once every 200 years.
The CAA’s director agreed that 90m safety areas were acceptable.
Wellington Airport, as it currently exists, with the safety areas highlighted
Photo: Screenshot / GoogleMaps
But the Airline Pilots’ Association wasn’t happy with that, pointing to a law which says the safety area “must extend” to 240m if “practicable” (more on this later).
It argued if the airport could extend the runway by 355m, lengthening the safety areas must also be physically possible.
The union sought a judicial review of the CAA director’s decision.The High Court agreed with the director, but the Court of Appeal overturned that and sided with the pilots.
It said the director should have assessed whether a 240m safety area could feasibly be constructed, and told him to reconsider his decision. It also said he had placed too much weight on how much extending the safety areas would cost.
That decision, however, potentially makes airports without 240m safety areas – Wellington, Queenstown, Paraparaumu, Hokitika and possibly Whakatane – all non-compliant.
An artists’ impression of the proposed extension viewed from Palmer Head
For two days last week, three of the country’s top aviation and public lawyers wrangled in the Supreme Court. At the heart of their skirmish – the implications of the word “practicable”
The CAA’s lawyer, Francis Cooke QC, told the court those airports could make 240m safety areas by “known ways and means”.
That is, to remain compliant, those airports could simply re-paint the safety areas closer to the middle of the runway.
However, this would make the usable strip too short for larger aircraft to take off or land – effectively preventing jets for being able to fly in and out of Wellington and Queenstown, killing off trans-Tasman and Pacific flights.
A word can do that much?
At its core, this case is about how the CAA should interpret the word “practicable” in the context of the Civil Aviation Act. The act has the express purpose of “establishing rules of operation … in order to promote aviation safety”.
And the rule they’re debating: that safety areas at the end of a runway “must extend” to at least 90m, and “if practicable” to at least 240m; or to the greatest distance that is “practicable” between the two.
Safety areas minimise damage to an aircraft should it run off the end of a runway, or land short. They keep passengers safe, and in Wellington stop the planes from crashing into the sea.
Crudely, the justices must figure out whether “practicable” means a longer safety area at the end of a runway can “reasonably be constructed” or “economically be constructed”.
The former means those five airports would be operating outside the law and could have to spend hundreds of millions of dollars to become compliant.
The latter means they are operating within the law and their runways are fine.
What do they each think the word means?
Each of the parties told the Supreme Court how they thought the rule should be interpreted.
Wellington Airport argued practicable accounts for cost, and that 90m is safe. The CAA agreed, saying that relevant factors – cost, safety, ease of construction – should all be assessed on a case-by-case basis because every airport is different.
The pilots argued cost has only a limited bearing on safety, and practicable means what can be physically done.
They said the law required a starting point of 240m safety areas. Moreover, they argued the CAA director should also have considered crushable concrete pads at either end of the runway, in line with New Zealand’s obligations under international aviation agreements.
As mentioned above, the Court of Appeal found cost was subordinate to safety, saying it was more about what could feasibly be constructed – an interpretation that would make five runways illegal.
Despite the possibility of the precedent it could set, Justice Glazebrook said the Supreme Court’s sole focus was to interpret the law correctly.
“If the Court of Appeal’s interpretation is right, then it’s just a bit too bad that these are affected.
“We’re not going to be basing a decision as to what the rule means on whether, unfortunately, some might or might not be compliant.”
The Supreme Court justices will now weigh the relevance of cost to safety, and determine whether cost-benefit analysis is a useful tool for assessing whether a safety-related expense can be justified.
Highlighting the limitations of such a focus on cost, Justice Glazebrook said:
“[Having] some plane go off the end of the runway and killing everybody onboard at Wellington is not going to be of particularly good significance for New Zealand Inc.”
The court’s decision has been reserved.
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WE ARE PIETY HILL
The history of Piety Hill begins at the turn of the 19th century. In 1812, Territorial Governor Lewis Cass purchased land from the Macomb family. By 1818 he had acquired "80 arpents in depth" of land extending from the Detroit River in the form of a French ribbon farm. After he passed away in 1866, his daughters Matilda Cass Ledyard and Mary Cass Canfield subdivided block 98 and donated 100 feet for a thoroughfare, which they named Canfield in honor of Mary's husband, Captain Augustus Canfield. Lewis Cass Jr. subdivided block 100 on the north side of Canfield in 1871. West Canfield became home to many prominent people in Detroit, including lawyers, physicians, dentists and architects. In the 1880s the area became commonly known as Piety Hill because of the residents’ reputed social and moral character.
West Euclid Express
Adress: 750 Euclid
Email: nkaakh@msn.com
Virginia Park Association District 5
Adress: 892 Hazelwood
Email: ddavis1564@aol.com
Pingree/ W.Philadelphia Block Club
Email: mikecharnesky@hotmail.com
Gladstone Block Club
Adress: 875 Gladstone 48202
Email: nperry@gmail.com
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Featured Golf News
Class Act Pace Clinches SA Women’s Open
December 1, 2015 December 1, 2015 Lali Stander
Lee-Anne Pace joined an elite band of back-to-back SA Women’s Open champions when she claimed the sought-after title for a second consecutive year at San Lameer Country Club on the Hibiscus Coast in KwaZulu-Natal on Tuesday. The Pearl Valley golfer closed with a 76 to claim a three stroke victory on three over 219 to emulate American Brenda Lunsford and Barbara Pestana from South Africa, who reeled in successive victories in 1990 / 1991 and 1998 / 1999 respectively. Pace says: ‘Now I am really stoked. I just love statistics and setting records, so this is really, really cool. I knew there were players that won the SA Women’s Open twice, but I never Brenda and Barbara were the only back-to-back winners. And I know Mandy Adamson won three times, but not three times in a row. I’m definitely going for the hat-trick next year. That would be an awesome record to own.’
Pace carried a healthy eight stroke lead in to the final round after earlier rounds of 71 and 72, but was made to work for her second success. She parred her way to the turn as rookie Carrie Park shortened the gap to five strokes with four birdies on the front nine and leading amateur Lejan Lewthwaite also got within five with birdies at one, four and eight. Pace says: ‘Those girls really gave me a run for my money, and Kim Williams also played really well. I played solid golf, but the birdie putts were just not dropping.’ Pace bogeyed 11 and three-putted for a double at the par-four 12th that should have opened the door for the younger generation, however, the savage North-Easterly wind showed up in full force to ruin their title hopes.
Park dropped shots at 11, 14 and 15 and Lewthwaite made a triple at the par-four 11th.
Although Pace dropped another shot at 15, the nine-time European Ladies Tour champion’s experience won out. Pace says: ‘The first nine holes were fine, but we played straight into a two-to-three club wind on the back nine, especially over the last five holes. Lejan played incredible golf and she is really a talent to watch in the future and I was also impressed with little Carrie Park. What a great debut for her. I also really enjoyed seeing Kim getting back to the kind of form with which she used to dominate the amateur scene.’
Pace was happy to make the perfect start to the Chase to the Investec Cup for Ladies and her title defence at Millpark next year. She says: ‘I am really glad that I came back from the LPGA Tour to defend my title and to start the Sunshine Ladies Tour with another big win. The course was absolute exquisite. Last year we had a lot of rain and we could attack the pins, but not this year – it definitely played tougher. I just need to come to grips with that back nine when the wind is up, but I look forward to chasing the hat-trick next year.’ Lewthwaite returned an even-par 72 to win the Jackie Mercer Trophy as the leading amateur on seven over 223.
Reigning Sanlam SA Women’s Amateur champion Park also carded a 72 to lock down the runner-spot in the pro field on 224 in her rookie debut.
Photo credit: Ian Taylor / Inkwazi Media
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Man City Defeats Southampton
May 24, 2015 May 25, 2015 Benny Mokwele Citizens, David Silva, Eliaqium Mangala, English Premier League, Etihad Stadium, Europe, Filip Djuricic, Frank Lampard, Graziano Pelle, James Milner, Joe Hart, Kelvin Davis, Man City, Manchester City, Manuel Pellegrini, Martin Demichelis, Ronald Koeman, Ryan Bertrand, Saints, Sergio Aguero, Shane Long, Southampton, Toby Alderweireld, Wilfried Bony, Yaya Toure
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Man City Sinks Swansea
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A double from Yaya Toure ensured a 4-2 win for Manchester City over Swansea City in the last stages of Read more
Manchester City Smash QPR
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Manchester City Oust West Ham
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Crystal Palace Pile Pressure On Man City
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Netherlands Too Strong For Spain
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Manchester City Wallop West Brom
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Manchester City are within touching distance of Chelsea in the English Premier League after beating West Bromwich Albion 3-0 at Read more
Manchester City Secure Leicester Win
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Manchester City See Off Sunderland
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West Ham Stun Manchester City To Go Fourth
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Four Goal Sergio Aguero Helps Man City Crush Spurs
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Manchester City Strike Late To Down Aston Villa
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Netherlands Smash Spain At FIFA World Cup
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Liverpool Shake Off City
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Tottenham Hotspur Edge Sheffield United
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Kam's Kapsules: Weekly Previews That Make Choosing a Film Fun
For movies opening January 31, 2014
Kam Williams | 1/29/2014, 1:32 p.m.
BIG BUDGET FILMS
Labor Day (PG-13 for sexuality, mature themes and brief violence) Jason Reitman wrote and directed this adaptation of the Joyce Maynard best seller of the same name about a depressed single-mom (Kate Winslet) who, along with her son (Gattlin Griffith), ends up kidnapped by the escaped con (Josh Brolin) she unwittingly offers a ride. Cast includes Tobey Maguire, James Van Der Beek and Maika Monroe.
That Awkward Moment (R for sexuality and pervasive profanity) Romantic comedy revolving around three confirmed bachelors (Zac Efron, Michael B. Jordan and Miles Teller) who make a pact to remain single only to have the promise tested when two of them fall in love. With Imogen Poots, Mackenzie Davis and Jessica Lucas.
INDEPENDENT & FOREIGN FILMS
12 O’Clock Boys (Unrated) Crime does pay documentary profiling a biker gang of troubled teens inexplicably given free rein by the police to terrorize the citizens of Baltimore.
At Middleton (R for sexuality and drug use) Romantic romp revolving around the antics of a couple strangers (Andy Garcia and Vera Farmiga) who meet and fall in love while their kids are taking a tour of a college campus. With Taissa Farmiga, Tom Skerritt and Spencer Lofranco.
Best Night Ever (R for profanity, graphic nudity, drug use, crude humor and pervasive profanity) Parody of the road trip genre about a bride-to-be (Desiree Hall) who gets more than she bargained for when she ventures to Vegas with her bridesmaids for a bawdy bachelorette party. Co-starring Samantha Colburn, Eddie Ritchard, Crista Flanagan and Jenny Lin.
Breaking the Frame (Unrated) Reverential retrospective chronicling the career of iconoclastic, visual artist Carolee Schneemann, best known for her explorations of eroticism and gender.
Brightest Star (Unrated) Romantic dramedy about a jilted college grad (Chris Lowell) who tries to make himself over to win back his uptight ex (Rose McIver), only to meet a free-spirited bohemian (Jessica Szohr) who likes him just as he is. Support cast includes Allison Janney, Clark Gregg and Peter Jacobson.
Charlie Victor Romeo (Unrated) Aviation disaster post mortem deconstructing the final moments of a half dozen, doomed commercial airliners via a combination of animation and black box transcripts.
Jobriath A.D. (Unrated) “It’s better to flame out than to fade away” biopic recounting the brief career of Bruce Wayne Campbell (1946-1983), aka Jobriath, the first openly-gay rock star, and the first to die of AIDS.
Love Is in the Air (Unrated) Transatlantic comedy about a lawyer (Nicolas Bedos) who makes the most of a second shot at romance with his ex-girlfriend (Ludivine Sagnier) when he finds himself seated next to her on a flight from New York to Paris. With Jonathan Cohen, Arnaud Ducret and Brigitte Catillon. (In French and English subtitles)
Peter Brook: The Tightrope (Unrated) Life’s a stage biopic, shot with five hidden cameras, highlighting legendary theater director Peter Brook’s creative process.
Somewhere Slow (Unrated) Road flick about a fugitive from justice (Jessalyn Gilsig) who is befriended by a teen drifter (Graham Patrick Martin) she meets while on the run after a botched convenience store robbery. With Robert Forster, Lindsay Crouse and David Constabile.
Tim’s Vermeer (PG-13 for profanity) History of art documentary, directed by Raymond Joseph Teller (mute half of Penn & Teller), tracing inventor Tim Jenison’s attempt to decipher how 17th C. Dutch Master Johannes Vermeer managed to paint so realistically over a century before the invention of photography.
The Wait (R for sexuality, profanity, drug use and brief nudity) Paranormal thriller about a pair of grieving sisters (Jena Malone and Chloe Sevigny) who disagree about whether or not to bury their recently-deceased mother after receiving an enigmatic phone call from a psychic assuring them that she’s about to be resurrected. With Luke Grimes, Devon Gearhart and Michael O’Keefe.
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Two hurt in Joliet drive-by shooting Monday
Karen Sorensen | 9/15/2015, 10:12 a.m.
Two men were struck by bullets Monday night in a drive-by shooting the 1100 block of Magnolia, Joliet police said.
The victims and a third man were standing outside at home at about 9:05 p.m. when a white Chevy Impala drove past them and fired five shots from the car's back seat on the driver's side, Deputy Chief Ed Gregory said.
Both victims, ages 37 and 44, were shot in the left foot and taken to Silver Cross Hospital in New Lenox before police arrived, Gregory said. The third man, age 51, was not hurt.
The incident was also witnessed a 24-year-old man, whose pickup truck was struck by two of the bullets, Gregory said.
Police have no information that links this shooting to the one in which three men were shot on Friday night or the murder on Englewood Avenue on Sunday morning, he said.
Contact Karen Sorensen at Karen@TheTimesWeekly.com.
Joliet man arrested for drive-by shooting; second suspect at-large
Three people injured in Sunday shootings; eight arrests
Two men shot in unrelated attacks Monday, Joliet police say
Update: Tuesday shooting victim ID'd as Joliet woman, 20
Joliet man shot girlfriend during fight, police say
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Why aren’t eggs refrigerated at Costa Rican grocery stores?
VIDEO: Retablos, the most durable picture frame you’ve never heard of
Higher and ampler sales tax recommended
Four presidential candidates in favor of breaking fuel monopoly
United Arab Emirates mission evaluates investment options in Costa Rica
And the best coffee in Costa Rica is …
Zach Dyer May 18, 2014 July 14, 2014
(Alberto Font/The Tico Times)
The anticipation was palpable Friday night as a room of coffee producers from across Costa Rica met at the Costa Rican Coffee Institute’s field office in San Pedro de Barva, Heredia, to hear who would win the honor of the best coffee in a country renowned for its high quality beans.
The producers had all submitted coffee for the 2014 Cup of Excellence competition, an Olympics of coffee that could transform the coffee of a small producer into one of the most coveted lots in the world.
Rafael Hernández, the president of the Specialty Coffee Association of Costa Rica, which organized the annual Cup of Excellence competition, listed off the top 25 finalists, pausing for effect as he passed the top 10 and approached the final three.
“Should we take a 15-minute break?” he asked to groans from the crowd, eager to know who would win the title.
Some of the international judges bounced in their seats as the scores rolled and producers wrung their hands around their ball caps, eyes fixed on Hernández, who stood behind a podium at the front of the room.
Finally, Hernández called out Luis Enrique Navarro of La Mesa farm in Dota, Tarrazú, as the winner of the 2014 Cup of Excellence. The Navarro family also took second place, sweeping the top accolades.
Luis Enrique Navarro, Jr., 22, told The Tico Times, “When we started this project, the micro mill, we had goals and dreams. I think it’s the conclusion of a project years in the making.”
“God has blessed us. I think the secret, if there is a secret, is to approach coffee with love and passion. Give it your all every day, dedicate yourself to the coffee,” said Navarro, who grew up helping on his family’s farm, which is 1,900 meters above sea level.
Sue Spindler, executive director of the Alliance for Coffee Excellence and founder of Cup of Excellence, told The Tico Times the winning coffee was super-sweet, well balanced, structured and complex.
“That was a blow out coffee, those scores don’t happen everyday,” Spindler observed. The lot from La Mesa came in at 92.67, more than two points higher than the second place lot, which scored 90.03.
The Cup of Excellence founder highlighted Costa Rica as an innovative coffee producer.
“[Costa Rica] is the micro mill country. They have gone from huge commercial mills to micro mills that are experimenting with varietals, processing, drying, harvesting. We literally had a coffee on the table that I think no one had ever cupped a flavor profile like that before.”
The 25 lots that passed on to the international auction will go up for bid on June 24.
Spindler said that the competition, which started in Brazil in 1999, has helped turn the traditional coffee market on its head, allowing producers to develop their own businesses and cut out middlemen by directly trading with buyers from around the world eager for unique and interesting coffees.
“Their lives are never going to be the same again,” she said.
Costa Rica leads Central America in Cup of Excellence coffee auction
New smartphone app lets farmers crowdsource coffee fungus alerts
The $6 cup of coffee comes to Costa Rica (and that’s a good thing)
Costa Rica’s best coffee hails once again from Naranjo
coffeecommoditiesCup of ExcellenceDotaICAFETarrazú
Iron Man lives again!
32 children burn to death in Colombia bus accident
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How to Talk with Children about Hate Speech
Presented by the Equal Justice Society
Hate Speech and Children
Equal Justice Society
This site is presented by the Equal Justice Society, a nonprofit transforming the nation’s consciousness on race through law, social science, and the arts. We seek to broaden conceptions of present-day discrimination to include unconscious and structural bias by using social science, structural analysis, and real-life experience.
Share your feedback about this site.
‘Parenting in the Age of Trump’ Webinar
EJS Launches Guide to How to Talk with Kids about Hate Speech
“Mommy, does Trump want to kill us?”
An 8-year-old biracial girl who lives in California asked her Filipina mom this question and told her that the kids were talking about this on the playground.
The young girl, whose father is Latino, was also scared that their family was going to have to leave the country and that the U.S. might bomb Mexico. In Maryland, an 8-year-old Muslim American child asked his father, “Is Trump going to kill us? Will we have to leave the country?”
These young kids should be playing outside and carefree, not worrying about the safety of themselves and their families.
We are a group of academics, pollsters, psychologists, lawyers, and activists who are concerned about the impact the hateful language during and after the election has had on our children. Rather than just get upset, we want to provide a framework for how to deal with this.
We hope parents, teachers, school bus drivers, school administrators, playground monitors, godmothers and godfathers, and all of us who love and care for our children will benefit from our work.
Lee-Or Ankori-Karlinsky
Anna Basallaje
Ina Breuer
Allison Briscoe-Smith, Ph.D.
Juan Cartagena
Abigail Dusseldorp
Allison Elgart
Sara Jackson
Celinda Lake
David Mermin
Constance Moore
Manuel Pastor, Ph.D.
Eva Paterson
Professor john a. powell
Jennifer A. Richeson, Ph.D.
Favianna Rodriguez
Linda R. Tropp, Ph.D.
James F. Thrasher, Ed.D.
Next section: The problem
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Nokia 1100 Used for Stealing Banking Passwords
One of THE most basic handsets to have come out of Nokia was their 1100 mobile handset that you may recall had a single promising feature that was an LED flashlight. However this simplistic low-end handset has been going for obscene prices in part of Europe (€5,000 – Rs. 3, 26, 800). If you think that’s unbelievable, there’s actually a really good reason for this, but first, to make things a little clearer, the only guys buying THIS handset at THAT price are those interested in using it for purposes other than making calls.
About 10 days ago, investigators observed someone transfer €25,000 (£22,200 or $32,413 US) for a Nokia 1100 phone, said Frank Engelsman of Ultrascan Advanced Global Investigations. The candy-bar style phone is one of Nokia's all-time best-selling models, and originally sold for under €100.
Engelsman said police contacted Ultrascan about six months ago to see if the security company knew why the phones were in demand. Since then, Ultrascan has seen the price for the Nokia 1100 rise from around €5,000 to the latest figure.
"We thought 'What could be so special about the phone?'" Engelsman said.
The 1100 was a low-cost phone released in late 2003 and aimed at developing markets. Nokia has sold more than 200 million of the 1100 and its successors.
However, the high prices are only being paid for Nokia 1100 phones that were made in a factory in Bochum, Germany, Engelsman said, citing an Ultrascan informant. Those phones contain Nokia software from 2002 that is apparently vulnerable to tampering.
Investigators don't have a complete picture of the technical problem. However, Ultrascan's informant said the phones can be used to intercept one-time passwords needed to complete an online banking transaction, Engelsman said.
It appears that a known Russian and Moroccan cybercrime gang, as well as other Romanian gangs, are trying to obtain the Nokia 1100 with the vulnerable software, Engelsman said.
Nokia officials contacted Monday morning did not have an immediate comment.
Engelsman said cybercriminals have collected thousands of user names and passwords for online banking accounts in countries such as Germany and Holland. Banks in those countries also request a TAN (transaction authentication number) code, or a one-time password, to complete a transaction.
The banks previously issued lists of TAN codes to customers. During a transaction, the bank would request one of the codes to complete the transaction. However, due to successful phishing attacks where people have been tricked into revealing some TAN codes, the banks are now sending a code by SMS to a person's mobile phone, Engelsman said.
The Bochum-made 1100 can apparently be reprogrammed to use someone else's phone number, thus intercepting the TAN code and enabling an illegal money transfer into a criminal's account, Engelsman said. Ultrascan is trying to obtain the affected 1100 model to verify if the attack works as described, he said.
The Nokia 1100 has had other software problems. A drug-related criminal case in the Netherlands in late 2005 detailed how the police had difficulty linking SMSes sent from certain Nokia 1100 phones to a specific phone number. Police were, however, able to use other means to identify the general area in which the phones were used, which helped bolster their case, Engelsman said.
SOURCE :- This & This
Labels: cyber crime, hack, nokia 1100, password, stealing, TAN, transaction
sufiyan rajwani said...
i am having 1 piece of nokia 1100 made in germany plz provide me the best price
of what you can give the i can give the photo also to the serious
buyers my email id is sufiyanrajwani @ gmail . com, +919998152560
May 13, 2009 at 5:32:00 PM GMT+5:30
Nokia 1100 Banking Hack Replicated by Investigators said...
[...] a month ago we reported that certain Nokia 1100 handsets, one of the company’s most basic handsets that was seemingly designed for emerging markets, was [...]
May 23, 2009 at 5:39:00 AM GMT+5:30
Seller said...
Nokia 1100 (Made in Germany) to sell
I do have 1 NOKIA-RH18 1100, please send me your offers to nrh.1853@yahoo.de
Serial no. 35430800*******
I’ll send photos of the mobile to the serious
June 3, 2009 at 7:19:00 AM GMT+5:30
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Home » News » Sri Lanka Army has no plan to acquire civilian lands in Jaffna
Sri Lanka Army has no plan to acquire civilian lands in Jaffna
The Sri Lanka Army (SLA) has no plan to acquire civilians’ lands in the Jaffna peninsula to establish Army camps Commander of Security Forces in Jaffna (SF-J) Major General Mahinda Hathurusinghe has said Monday (09).”Instead, Army has been continuously handing back houses occupied by the Army since the end of war to their legitimate owners,” the Commander has told the British High Commissioner John Rankin at a meeting with him on Monday at the SF-J Headquarters in Jaffna.However, as a matter of national security, SF-J Headquarters will acquire a limited area to expand the Palaly Airport and the Kankasanthurei Harbor, which are in the process of rapid expansion, the Commander has added.High Commissioner Rankin has arrived in Palaly for a two day visit in Jaffna with Political Officer to Jaffna Mrs. Asma Edris.Rankin while commending the Army’s role in rehabilitation of the ex-LTTE combatants and other civilians in post war Jaffna has inquired about the alleged acquisition of lands by the Army.Major General Hathurusinghe has strongly denied the accusations and pointed out to the visiting diplomat that the presence of military in Jaffna has been greatly reduced since 2009 and the remaining troops are engaged in humanitarian activities and development programs in Jaffna.He has rejected the allegations of land grabbing as “media exaggerations spread with hidden agenda.””Like any other parts of Sri Lanka, Army is essential in the sphere of national security and only required strength of troops will remain in Jaffna. Reduction of troops will further continue considering the security situation. However, Army is not ready to take a security risk as they faced in early 1980s,” SF-J Commander has asserted to the British diplomat.The Commander has appreciated the British government’s contributions to de-mining, housing project for displaced civilians and livelihood programs for poor families, especially for ex-combatants.
« Sri Lanka Defence Secretary will not spare any politician from legal action if committed crimes
Gotabhaya Rajapaksa Shoots From The Hip As Well As The Lip »
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March 2, 2019 Francesca Woulfe Leave a comment
BORDER, directed by Ali Abbasi, is a peculiar watch which mixes genres and subverts audience expectations. Going on title alone, you would be forgiven if you expected this film to be about the borders between nations. While Tina does work at border patrol, the concept of border explored in the film is the space inhabited by outsiders, the space between what is human and that which is not.
Early on the film establishes that Tina has a unique sense of smell which allows her to detect contraband and also the feelings of those passing through border patrol, such as guilt and shame. She identifies a seemingly innocuous looking man who is carrying a memory card with child pornography on it. Her sharp animal-like senses make her excellent at her job, but also mark her as an “outsider”.
Her appearance also signals that Tina is “other”: she has a protruding chin, small eyes and waxy skin. The make-up used on actress Eva Melander is expertly fashioned and despite the arduous application process, Melander’s emotive subtleties give warmth to a film that otherwise might feel cold.
One day at work, Tina’s heightened senses pull her towards an individual who looks very similar to herself (and also wears a similar mask of prosthetic make-up). We are introduced to Vore (Eero Milonoff), a puzzling character who Tina and the audience are equally intrigued by. Although an audience may feel uncomfortable with Vore and question his intentions, Tina begins a romantic relationship with him after inviting him to stay at her cabin in the woods.
As Tina and Vore’s relationship evolves into something romantic, built upon their shared experience, the film takes a turn. BORDER becomes more fantastical in genre, moving from previous indicators which would expect this film to be a more typical thriller or Scandi noir crime drama.
The rest of BORDER confronts the audience with topics such as intersexuality and child rape. It becomes even darker, and the audience has to suspend their belief to follow the narrative trajectory.
The mixing of genres – between thriller and fantasy, social realism and mythology – is disconcerting, completely changing where you originally expected the film to go. While sometimes this can be an enjoyable twist for an audience, in BORDER, it is quite jarring. What could have been a nuanced exploration of the duality of borders and those who fit within society’s expected norms, becomes slightly lost in the turn to fantasy which is firmly established by the end.
The film overall is an enjoyable watch if you do not question the sharp turn into the fantasy genre. The pace of the film is too slow at points, but BORDER is saved by the performance from Melander: one full of subtle nuances despite the layers of prosthetics. Moments where she interacts with nature and animals reminds us that although she might not be fully human, she possesses more humanity than most.
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Our People and Communities
ESG Reporting
Beef Sustainability
Packaging and Recycling
Commitment to Families
Our Investment in People
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Helping lead a global movement forBeef Sustainability
We’ve been working with farmers, environmental groups and governments for more than a decade to help advance beef farming and production practices. And we’re making progress.
Our burgers are some of our most iconic menu items, made from 100% ground beef. We’re one of the world’s biggest buyers of beef, so – although we don’t own farms or rear animals directly – it’s no surprise that we take seriously our responsibility to help lead the industry toward more sustainable production practices.
We support beef production that’s environmentally sound, protects animal health and welfare, and improves farmer and community livelihoods, and we have done for over a decade. This global movement is gaining extensive momentum through conversations, collaborations, pilot programs, and global and local roundtables, and is helping influence not just beef served at McDonald’s restaurants, but beef production around the world.
We will continue to collaborate within the industry to help find solutions to produce beef with less impact. Demand for meat is expected to grow substantially in the coming decades, meaning we need to find solutions to produce more with less impact. Our work on climate change mitigation and conserving forests are examples of how we’re helping to drive change.
Our Beef Sustainability Report (pdf, 19.8MB) shows our journey so far.
Our approach | Our actions | Our goals and progress
It’s easy to use terms like beef sustainability but what does it actually mean? For us, it’s about beef production that’s environmentally sound, protects animal health and welfare, and improves farmer and community livelihoods.
We cannot drive beef sustainability alone. Since 2011, we have worked closely with industry leaders as a founding member of the Global Roundtable for Sustainable Beef (GRSB), which brings together stakeholders from across the supply chain – from farmer and rancher to packer-processer, retailer and the consumer, as well as non-governmental organizations. This diverse representation builds constructive dialogue and mutual understanding. Through this work, in 2014 the GRSB collectively finalized a global set of principles and criteria to:
Manage natural resources responsibly.
Respect people and communities.
Care for the welfare of animals.
Ensure the safety and quality of beef.
Drive efficiency and innovation to reduce waste and improve economic viability.
We acknowledge that the way beef is produced and the associated impacts vary greatly from country to country. These principles guide us because we believe that no matter where in the world beef is produced or what type of production system, these principles hold true.
As part of the Company’s ethos to use our Scale for Good, we leverage our position on platforms like the GRSB to drive wider collaboration and action. We’ve helped set up similar multi-stakeholder platforms in Canada, the U.S., Europe and Australia, and participate in several others around the world.
“As one of the largest single customers of beef globally, McDonald’s is able to engage every point along the value chain. The Company helped create the Global Roundtable for Sustainable Beef and plays a big part in supporting the local roundtables and groups working on beef sustainability around the world.”
Jason Clay, Senior Vice-President, Markets and Food, World Wildlife Fund (WWF)
McDonald’s Beef Sustainability Program
Since the release of our global commitment to sustainable beef in 2014, we’ve released a Beef Sustainability Report (pdf, 19.8MB), which sets out our strategy, aims and achievements so far. It’s designed to empower beef producers to broaden their beef sustainability efforts within and beyond our supply chain, while strengthening beef farming communities. At the same time, we’re partnering with our suppliers, the GRSB and other roundtables to help conserve forests and other habitats, preserve the quantity and quality of water, and reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of beef production.
Across McDonald’s biggest beef sourcing regions, our goal is to promote beef sustainability programs that take sustainable farming practices to scale. We aim to engage key industry stakeholders to help develop initiatives aligned with the principles and criteria of the GRSB. We believe this will help build and accelerate the adoption of good practices throughout the beef sector.
Working closely with farmers, ranchers and our beef suppliers, we support the development of industry resources to help measure, benchmark and demonstrate advancements in beef sustainability that add value to all of our businesses. We encourage peer-to-peer knowledge sharing through initiatives such as our Flagship Farmers Program, which showcases farmers leading sustainable practices and equips them to share those practices with their peers to encourage wider adoption.
We are committed to working with partners around the world to innovate and discover new practices. Using agricultural and scientific expertise, we’ll assess and validate the impact and benefits of these new practices and solutions. We’ll then identify and engage progressive farmers to trial the cutting-edge practices and help scale them up.
“Without McDonald’s, the roundtable would not have made the global, industry-wide inroads it has toward making beef a socially responsible, environmentally sound and economically viable product. McDonald’s is also involved in many local offshoots of our work, demonstrating its commitment at every level.”
Dennis Laycraft, Immediate Past President, GRSB
Our beef sustainability work supports the UN Sustainable Development Goals, a global agenda to end poverty, protect the planet, and ensure prosperity for all, specifically:
Goal 2 – Zero hunger (specifically targets 2.3 and 2.4).
Goal 12 – Responsible consumption and production (specifically target 12.2).
Goal 13 – Climate action (specifically target 13.2).
Goal 15 – Life on land (specifically targets 15.1, 15.2 and 15.5).
Goal 17 – Partnerships for the goals (specifically targets 17.16 and 17.17).
As well as these, we’ve mapped our Scale for Good initiatives to all 17 goals.
Our 2020 aspirational goals
As a part of our broader commitment, we have launched a new set of ambitious goals for 2020. By the end of 2020, in each of our top 10 beef sourcing countries (the U.S., Australia, Germany, Brazil, Ireland, Canada, France, New Zealand, the U.K. and Poland – which collectively represent more than 85% of our global beef volumes), we will:
Accelerate industry progress
Source a portion of our beef from suppliers participating in sustainability programs aligned with the GRSB principles and criteria, and that meet McDonald’s requirements1 for each applicable market.
Share knowledge and tools
Engage with local farmers through farmer outreach projects to help develop and share best practices related to our Priority Impact Areas.
Promote Flagship Farmers
Select and showcase McDonald’s Flagship Farmers to demonstrate leading best practices related to our Priority Impact Areas.
Pioneer new practices
Set up McDonald’s Progressive Farm Partnerships to trial and discover new practices related to our Priority Impact Areas.
Conserve forests
In regions with identified risks relating to the preservation of forests,2 verify that the beef sourced from those regions comes from farms where primary forests and high conservation value lands are preserved. Read more about our Commitment on Forests.
Farmer-to-farmer initiatives
The farming community has a vital role to play in informing the development of industry tools for benchmarking, decision-making and measuring progress, as well as inspiring other farmers and developing new practices. We have pioneered various programs in partnership with our suppliers to support knowledge sharing between farmers, such as BEST Beef (Germany), McDonald’s Sustainable Beef Network (U.K. and Ireland), the Agro-Ecological Strategy (France) and the Young Farmer Program (in several countries), and actively participate in other programs including the Novo Campo project (Brazil).
Our Flagship Farmers Program showcases progressive farmers and producers, and offers an online resource for producers worldwide, so they can learn from those farming sustainably and share best practices. It also celebrates innovative solutions around issues such as soil health, animal welfare, ecosystem protection and GHG emissions. Established in Europe, Flagship Farmers is now being extended to our top 10 beef sourcing countries.
“Participation in a McDonald’s Sustainable Beef Club and the realization that steps to minimize our impact on the environment would actually put more money in our pockets really made us sit up and take notice.”
Larry Nugent, Dundrum Farm, County Armagh, U.K.
Forest-friendly burgers
We want you to have the confidence of knowing the beef we use only comes from farms that meet the criteria outlined in our Commitment on Forests. We’ve pledged to eliminate deforestation from our beef supply chain by 2020 by focusing on countries with identified deforestation risks. This commitment makes us one of the first global restaurant brands to take a stand to ensure forests are protected while beef is produced.
Knowing where food comes from is important to today’s consumer. Our food safety requirements help us ensure the quality and safety of our ingredients from farm to the front counter. In all countries where we source beef, we have traceability from the abattoirs through the processing plant and to McDonald’s restaurants. We audit the processors that supply our beef annually and 100% of them pass our strict requirements for food safety.
In many of these countries, traceability systems also exist to track further up the supply chain to the individual farms where animals are raised. In the countries where the infrastructure is not yet in place to do this, we will support the development of suitable traceability systems wherever possible.
That’s not all…
See how we’re addressing beef sustainability around the world.
An industry first for Canada
In 2016, we completed our first beef sustainability pilot program in Canada, the industry’s first initiative to bring the GRSB principles and criteria to life.
Beef sustainability in Brazil
Arcos Dorados, Latin America’s largest restaurant chain and one of the Company’s largest Franchisees, is working with the Brazilian Roundtable on Sustainable Livestock.
Beef sustainability in Europe
We buy around 2.5% of all beef produced in the European Union, sourced from approximately 470,000 farms, and are benchmarking the SAI Platform’s Beef Farm Sustainability Assessment tool against quality assurance programs throughout Europe.
Beef sustainability in Ireland
As one of the largest purchasers of Irish beef, we work closely with Bord Bia (the Irish Food Board), which runs the Origin Green program, the only sustainability program in the world to operate on a national scale.
Advancing beef sustainability in the U.S.
As a founding member of the U.S. Roundtable for Sustainable Beef, we are working to advance beef sustainability through industry engagement, collaboration with ranchers and the full value chain, support for scientific inquiry and recognition of ranchers leading on sustainability.
Our goals and progress
As a part of our broader strategy, we have launched a new set of ambitious beef sustainability goals for 2020. These goals apply in each of our top 10 beef sourcing countries, which collectively represent more than 85% of our global beef volumes. We aim to set more specific country-based beef sustainability targets in these 10 countries.
Accelerate industry progress: By 2020, source a portion of our beef from suppliers participating in sustainability programs aligned with GRSB principles and criteria, and that meet McDonald’s requirements for each applicable market.
In 2016, we purchased a portion of our beef from a fully verified supply chain sustainability pilot program in Canada. This initiative is now being led by the Canadian Roundtable for Sustainable Beef. Arcos Dorados – Latin America’s largest restaurant chain and one of the Company’s largest franchisees – sourced beef through the Novo Campo program during the Rio Olympics. Through these programs we are currently sourcing beef in two out of our 10 top beef sourcing countries from sustainability programs. We are actively collaborating with key national stakeholders to develop beef sustainability programs in our remaining eight markets.
Share knowledge and tools: By 2020, engage with beef producers through outreach projects to help develop and share best practices related to our Priority Impact Areas.
As of December 2017, more than half of our top ten beef sourcing countries are supporting or sponsoring beef producer sustainability groups or programs.
Promote Flagship Farmers: By 2020, use our Flagship Farmers Program to select and showcase our most progressive suppliers.
As of December 2017, three of our top ten beef sourcing countries have recognized one or more beef producers as Flagship Farmers to work with peers and share their industry-leading processes and practices. The remaining seven countries will begin recognizing beef Flagship Farmers throughout 2018. In addition to adding these sustainability champions to the Flagship Farmer Program, we’re also focused on providing them with resources and tools that better enable and equip them to engage with other farmers and industry influencers. Broadening those opportunities will be a top focus in the years ahead.
Pioneer new practices: By 2020, set up McDonald’s progressive farm partnerships to trial and discover new practices related to our priority impact areas.
Six of our top 10 beef sourcing countries have one or more pioneering projects underway or have a Progressive Farm Partnership in progress to test the scalability of key research.
Conserve forests: By 2020, in regions with identified risks relating to the conservation of forests, verify that the beef sourced from those regions comes from farms where primary forests and high conservation value lands are preserved. This is part of our Global Commitment on Forests and includes regions outside of our top 10 beef sourcing countries.
The first step for the Company was to identify the list of countries that we currently source beef from that have a high deforestation risk, as defined by the WWF Living Forests report. We are working with these countries and our suppliers, alongside expert consultants including Proforest and Agrotools, to identify tailored risk mapping and implementation plans for these identified regions.
We’re also engaged in multi-stakeholder groups to address these issues, including:
Collaboration for Forests and Agriculture (CFA).
TFA2020.
GRSB and other local beef sustainability roundtables.
GRSB/GTPS Joint Working Group on Forests Leadership Committee.
1. McDonald’s program requirements include transparency, credible verification and measured performance against clearly identified impact areas.
2. These regions may differ from our top 10 beef sourcing countries. We aim to set specific country-based ambitious beef sustainability targets in these 10 countries.
Producing Our Food
Beef is just one ingredient in our menus. See what we’re doing to make chicken, coffee, fish and palm oil more sustainable.
Using Our Scale for Good
See how we’re using our scale as one of the world’s largest restaurant companies to make a real difference.
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Global Diversity, Inclusion & Community Engagement
Stuart II
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The court declared: 1) Decision 2014/200/EU of the Commission of 17 July 2013 on State aid SA.21233 C/11 (ex NN/11, ex CP 137/06 ) implemented by Spain - Plan tax applicable to certain finance lease agreements, also called "Spanish tax lease system" is canceled. 2) The European Commission shall bear its own costs and those incurred by the Kingdom of Spain, Lico Leasing, SA and Sociedad Pequeños y Astilleros Medianos retraining, SA.
Case T-242/12 - SNCF v Commission
The court declared: 1) The complaint of the National Society of French Railways (SNCF) is rejected. 2) SNCF bears its own costs and those incurred by the European Commission. 3) The French Republic shall bear its own costs. 4) Mory and Mory Team bear their own costs.
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London Lifestyle Blogger
About SOKI – London Lifestyle Blogger
London Bottomless Brunch – The Blogger’s Guide
Modelling Photobook
Eating Out in London
An afternoon in St Katherine’s Docks, London
St Katherine’s Docks is a marina area hidden behind the massive Hilton hotel east of Tower Bridge on the north bank of the Thames.
I really love visiting St Katherine’s Docks as it feels so quiet and relaxing with the sound of water all around you.
The old Docks were bombed heavily during the war and left derelict until the 90s. They’ve since been redeveloped with lots of beautiful waterfront apartments and offices, and bars and restaurants which I try and frequent when I’m in the area. You can see the Hilton hotel just under the shard in the picture above. It really is very dated, but apparently it’s one of the fullest hotels in London, so there’s no incentive for them to renovate. Such a shame that it’s so big and ugly…!
The Dicken’s Inn pub stands out on the west side of the Docks. It’s a refurbished 19th century warehouse that was used either to house tea or may have been a local brewery. It has come a long way since its first days as a pub; when the floors were covered in sawdust and tables were lit by candlelight. I’ve never been here when it hasn’t been completely full, mainly filled with locals and full of city workers after 5pm.
The weather was cold so I wore my fluffy headband from Asos and my Sweaty Betty jacket.
St Katherine’s Docks are a welcome and peaceful break from the bustle of the rest of the E1 postcode. It’s lovely in the summer to sit out at one of the cafe’s and watch the world go by, or in the winter hide inside and wonder who owns all the boats moored there. A lovely little paradise in central London.
dickensdickens innenglandlondonlondon docklondon marinalondon pubst Katherine's docktower bridge
totallysoki
Sophie is a lifestyle blogger, vlogger and model based in London.
An afternoon at the British Museum
Elan Cafe – So What’s All The Fuss About?
Bottomless Champagne At The The Corinthia Hotel, Northall Restaurant
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Franklin County (North Carolina)
Evangelical Protestant Black Protestant Mainline Protestant Catholic Other Unclaimed
Southern Baptist Convention Evangelical Protestant Baptist +9 +565 +5%
Church of God (Cleveland, Tennessee) Evangelical Protestant Pentecostal +5 +398 +468.2%
Episcopal Church Mainline Protestant Episcopalianism/Anglicanism 0 -108 -51.7%
International Pentecostal Holiness Church Evangelical Protestant Pentecostal 0 +27 +28.7%
United Methodist Church, The Mainline Protestant Methodist/Pietist 0 -216 -11.1%
Christian Church (Disciples of Christ) Mainline Protestant Baptist -1 -284 -100%
Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.) Mainline Protestant Presbyterian-Reformed -1 -71 -45.5%
African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church Black Protestant Methodist/Pietist -2 -266 -59%
United Church of Christ Mainline Protestant Presbyterian-Reformed -5 -710 -59.1%
Totals: +5 -665 -4.2%
The population of Franklin County, North Carolina was 30,055 in 1980. The adherent totals of the religious groups listed above (15,803) included 52.6% of the total population in 1980.
The population of Franklin County, North Carolina was 60,619 in 2010; in 2000 it was 47,260. The total population changed 28.3%. The adherent totals of the religious groups listed above (22,975) included 37.9% of the total population in 2010.
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April in the Apple
This is one of my occasional posts from New York, with an undertone of wistful wishing I could get here more often. There is so much to see. I’m on my way to Hartford Stage for Opening Night of Somewhere and can only see a couple of shows in New York first. Hard choices. A few suggestions for things happening here:
Estelle Parsons and Stephen Spinella in
The Velocity of Autumn
(Arena Stage pre-Broadway production)
photo by Teresa Wood
I don’t write reviews but that doesn’t mean I won’t recommend you see an extraordinary new play. The Velocity of Autumn by Eric Coble starring Estelle Parsons and Stephen Spinella is now in previews toward a scheduled Broadway opening April 21. This play is not just a funny, poignant and thought-provoking 90 minutes of beautifully crafted theatre, it is an important addition to the national dialogue on the difficult subjects of aging, autonomy and control over the questions about how and if and where our last years or days should be lived. As my friend and I were leaving the theatre, sharing our joint impression that the playwright must have interviewed our personal relatives in researching this play, we overheard a young woman (and the standing ovation audience was made up of all ages but trending to young) saying it made her want to call her grandmother right away. Whether you have a grandmother, or are one, this play is worth seeing and talking about.
If/Then the new musical by Tom Kitt and Brian Yorkey (writers of Pulitzer Prize-winning musical Next to Normal) opened on Broadway recently to mixed reviews although virtually universal acclaim for its star Idina Menzel (of Wicked and Frozen fame). I saw it last night and agree most with reviewer Jesse Green who calls both the main character and the musical itself “intense, complicated, imperfect yet thrilling.” Towards the end of his review, he summarizes:
Every single thing that happens in If/Then is new. And perhaps it would have been better if the authors had found a way to begin untangling the plot instead of convoluting it further as Act Two proceeds. But these are quibbles, ungrateful ones at that. We keep clamoring for smart musicals that don’t just rehash some well-known property or lard it with songs we heard 30 years ago. At the same time we want stories that speak to something we feel now, whose developments we don’t anticipate ten or 120 minutes ahead of their arrival, or indeed before we enter the theater. If/Then surely answers all those needs. You absolutely never know what is going to happen, right up to the last, surprisingly moving beat. You appreciate its addressing the central dilemma of career vs. family in a very direct way and then, quietly but completely, undermining it in the end. That it does all this while also looking as beautiful, and moving as smoothly, as any modern show could, with superior performances from top to bottom from a gorgeously multi-everything cast, are just some of the signs that the director Michael Greif is offering his finest work to date.
If I were going to be in New York the evening of April 28, here’s where I would go: The NAMT Songwriter Spotlight concert at 54 Below. The concert will highlight three songwriting teams who have been part of The National Alliance of New Musical’s Festival of New Musicals: Paul Gordon (Broadway-bound Jane Austen’s Emma and Analog and Vinyl, premiering this summer at Weston Playhouse), Ben Clark (The Circus in Winter, premiering this fall at Goodspeed Musicals with a book by Beth Turcotte and Hunter Foster), and Barbara Anselmi & Brian Hargrove (Broadway-bound It Shoulda Been You, recently seen at The Village Theatre and George Street Playhouse). Veteran Broadway performers Adam Halpin (Dogfight), Lisa Howard (South Pacific), Corey Mach (Hands on a Hardbody), Patti Murin (Lysistrata Jones), Mamie Parris (Wicked), Kate Rockwell (Rock of Ages), Andrew Samonsky (The Mystery of Edwin Drood) and Sarah Stiles (Vanities) have joined the line-up. Sounds like a great evening and a portion of the proceeds will support NAMT. Tickets are now on sale at www.54below.com.
I can wholeheartedly recommend a very funny play currently playing at the Women’s Project Theatre (NYC Center Stage II, 131 West 55th Street) that I saw at a reading at last year’s Colorado New Play Summit in Denver. The Most Deserving by Catherine Trieschmann is billed as “A Tart, Sharp Skewing of Small Town Cultural Wars.” It delighted audiences at its subsequent world premiere at Denver Center Theatre Company and seems to be doing so now in its current run at the Women’s Project.
As announced on April 5 at the Humana Festival of New Plays, San Francisco playwright (and local treasure) Lauren Gunderson won the $25,000 Harold and Mimi Steinberg/American Theatre Critics Association New Play Award, recognizing playwrights for shows that premiered professionally outside New York City during 2013 for her play I and You. ($7,500 Citations also went to Martin Zimmerman for Seven Spots on the Sun and to Christopher Demos-Brown for Fear Up Harsh). Also of interest, Lauren’s play Bauer is currently having its world premiere run at the San Francisco Playhouse (through April 19) and was recently announced on the 5A Season for September/October at the Off Broadway 59 E 59 Street Theatre here in New York.
Posted by Susan Fairbrook on Apr 11, 2014 | 0 comments
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Texas man gets first full face transplant in U.S.
Dallas Wiens may soon be able to kiss his daughter, Scarlette, again, now that he has become only the second person in the world to receive a full face transplant.
The 25-year-old Wiens, who lives in the Dallas-Fort Worth area, received the new face at Boston's Brigham and Women's Hospital last week, when a family donated a loved one's tissue for the transplant surgery. The forehead, nasal structure, nose, lips, facial skin and underlying muscles and nerves that allow Wiens to move his face and have sensations were transplanted. The hospital would not reveal the actual surgery date to protect the privacy of the donor family.
"Dallas was injured in November 2008 when his face got too close to high-voltage line while on the job," Dr. Bohdan Pomahac, Brigham and Women's Burn Unit director, told reporters Monday. "He sustained devastating injury leaving him with bare bones instead of face."
Dallas Wiens before his surgery
Pomahac said the purpose of the full face transplant is to restore "human appearance and function." After his face healed from the accident, Wiens' only facial trait was his mouth. Once his new face heals, he will not look like himself, nor will he look like the donor because the new tissue will mold to the young man's remaining tissue and bones.
Wiens' grandfather, who is with his grandson in Boston right now, calls the surgery a miracle. He says after his grandson was so seriously injured, he did not know what would happen. His grandson, he says, is determined to "get well and move on with his life and make something of his life." Wiens has been walking and talking to his family in Texas by phone. Doctors expect he will be eating on his own soon.
His doctors expect Wiens will eventually regain sensation on his forehead and right side of the face and most of the upper and entire lower lip. Damage to a few nerves on his left side were too severe, so doctors do not expect very much sensation to be restored to his left cheek and left forehead.
One thing surgeons couldn't restore was his eyesight. "Unfortunately we do not know how to transplant, at the current age, eyes, so we were not able to restore his vision," said Pomahac.
Pomahac said when he first saw Wiens' injuries he feared they were too extensive to allow for a new face to grafted on. The blindness was also a consideration. But, Pomahac says, "We have the obligation to help if we can."
Last April, surgeons in Spain successfully completed the first ever full-face transplant. Three months later, the patient, only identified as "Oscar" stepped before the cameras of the world.
In December 2008, Connie Culp became the first American to receive a "near" full-face transplant after surgeons at the Cleveland Clinic replaced more than 80% of her face in a 22-hour operation. Culp had survived being shot in the face by her husband.
France's Isabelle Dinoire, who was mauled by a dog, was the first person ever to receive a face transplant back in November 2005. French surgeons replaced part of her face, including her chin, lips and nose, with those from an organ donor.
Brigham and Women performed its first partial face transplant in 2009. According to Pomahac, that patient is now on the lowest dose of anti-rejection drugs compared with the other face transplant recipients in the world.
Wiens' doctors say he is doing great and meeting all his milestones. They say he will stay in the hospital for the near future and eventually return to Texas. But recovery of the nerves will take months.
Pomahac says two other patients are waiting for face transplants at Brigham and Women's. He believes face transplants will continue to be rare unless the qualifications for the surgery change or more qualified patients are found.
Before a patient can receive a face transplant, a blood and tissue match has to be found, plus a patient has to be able to comply with taking the necessary drugs to prevent the rejection of the new face. Also, patients need to be mentally capable of handling having a face that is different from their own.
Post by: Miriam Falco - CNN Medical Managing Editor
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There's no after pic because he just had the surgery guys.. it takes a few weeks for the tissue and muscular swelling to go down. His face right now looks nothing like it will look like in a few weeks. Usually facial transplants require follow-up surgeries to tighten the skin and adjust the muscles so that their movement is natural and not impeded.
If they were to show an after pic when he got out of surgery, it wouldn't look too promising. But given a few weeks, I'm sure he will look great. He has a young daughter, who probably misses her dad's face. Don't really understand why people feel it necessary to make cruel remarks toward him. He was injured in an accident.. it could happen to anyone of us. Thankfully, he is in the hands of some of the best surgeons in the world, in the ones at Boston Brigham and Women's hospital.
ok doc don't strain yourself too much......
March 23, 2011 at 04:18 | Report abuse |
bezerkur
oh i guess cnn doesnt believe in freedom of speech. they erased my comment. sorry i offended u highness of the editing room.
The future holds only good, greatfull things for people like this. May only love and compassion follow you with age, and future. Life is a gift as we all should know and see. Although things like this present hints to what we have and what we all shall take for granted. My love truly to you and your entire family.
rose helen militello
to CNN,since some insensitive bloggers feel their comments fall under the heading"freedom of speech"maybe you should take a stand, your "Terms of Service"says no obscene(disgusting to the senses) comments.if they feel they can skirt the Amendment then you need review your Rules of Conduct.
aubrie
will they be able to put in glass eyes for appearance sake after this surgery? It appears that he still has eye sockets that could accomodate them. It's not mentioned specifically in the article, but it would do wonders for his overall appearance afterward. Poor young man. That was a totally devastating accident.
😦 he looks kind of scary but I'm glad this guy is getting a new face god bless him. and what happend to his eyes?
Read the article much?
amaxing all the best 2 You and yours on a speedy recovery' maybe in the yrs 2 follow they can repair damage 2 his eyes its a great result my heart is happy 4 U
katincal
Medical science has come a long way. My prayers were with Mr. Wiens. Maybe someday in the future they will be able to restore his eyesight as well. God Bless.
God bless this young man.
wow, what a brave soul
notborncynical
This young man is very courageos and I wish him the best. But I know if it were me I would much rather be dead.
He is amazing. He is doing all this for his young daughter. He is courageous beyond words. This young man is very admirable indeed. What compassion and love.
I sincerely hope Mr. Wiens will have a successful recovery and a happy life. What a brave soul he is to undergo such a surgery and also to allow his damaged face to be exposed to the world so that we can learn from his experience what a miracle surgery can be done to restore some semblance of normalcy. I feel more sorry for the people who heartlessly laugh at him for his pre-face look than I do feel sorry for Mr. Wiens. At least Mr. Wiens has a loving family around him. God is with you, Mr. Wiens. May He give you strength, patience, grace and especially faith to believe that good will come of this – not just for medical science but for YOU. You will be in MY thoughts and prayers. I would feel honored to see your restored face and to hear a follow-up on how you get along in life after your full recovery. I am certain you will be surrounded by angels and other helpful people. God bless you.
I truly think I may may have killed myself if this happened to me. I pray for him to recover and have a normal new face. Maybe someday doctors can give him eyes that work. Who knows, maybe a computerized eye? God bless him.
Sanjib
I hope the person to have full recovery and should have a happy life. But I also salute the doctors who did this miracle. Those doctors gave the person a second life to live in this beatiful world. The government should have a special mechanism to appreciate the contribution of those doctors and their family; safety of them from all negative aspects of life.
CLH
What an amazing and brave man and family. I pray for his quick healing after the surgery, and commend his determination to get on with his life. That's so much more than I think I could do in his shoes, and so admirable. God bless you!
IN RESPONSE TO T-PARTIER4EVER: I really think that social Darwinism has no place in these comments. This unfortunate situation only serves to highlight the incredible need in this country for a medical safety net be it affordable insurance, an employer mandate or a direct government plan. It is bad enough that we have to play economic roulette with our employment, our retirement and our personal finances but to have to face the prospect of a catastrophic illness or injury without protection is the truly unconscionable part of the equation.
Mr Wiens is so very fortunate that dedicated medical professionals were willing to step up and contribute their skills and talents, but it shouldn't have to be that way. After all, only by the grace of God any one of us could find ourselves in similar dire straights. Good luck and good life Mr. Wiens.
May nothing but good things come your way. Good luck and GOD bless you. Your daughter has a wonderful father and you are her hero.
Killallthewhiteman
Blakes! Got a new face!
Wanted to see the after pic
Happy for you .get well soon. will pray for his surgery that everything should go weel and soon he should and he will see the word
Shutup.
God I hope he can live a normal life. So much he's lost. I want to cry.
Northern2011
That's a very good article. I'm sick of all the Wars, death & hate so a good story is a great change.
I have never been so moved by any story. So many times in life, we are ungrateful about things and yes, I am including myself in that camp. The higher power works in mysterious ways, and I have just been reminded that I should be thankful for everything that I have. I really hope to God that this gentleman lives to see happiness in his life. My prayers and thoughts are with him and with his courage he will back in no time.
praying for a successful surgery and a quick recovery lord have mercy
omegad
I admire this mans will its incredibly strong. The comments on here are so generic though "god bless" "pray this pray that" really? If a miracle had anything to do with it it wouldn't have happened in the first place. Wheres the praise for the surgeons that will put their knowledge and skill to the test for over 20+ hours with a persons life on the line. Technology and doctors skill will be challenged no doubt, it took many decades to perfect advanced transplant techniques so one out of hundreds succeed its not a miracle its called trial and error till the error is no longer valid. Quit dumbing forums down with supernatural meanderings.
There is always that one TROLL that needs to be negative. People are praising GOD because it is a miracle you moron. And if you believed in GOD you would know that he is the one who lead the person(s) into making the tools that allowed this operation to be possible. Go back to Google with the rest of the TROLLS
so...ppl are praying for this guy? you shouldnt pray for ppl like these he was stupid enough to get his face close to something so dangerous that it well...incinerated his face...
it was electrical so signs mustve been all over the place.
nothing brave or inspiring about this guy, he was just dumb to do this and lucky enough to find a donor.
Grow up – Accidents happen, if it were you You'd change your tune!
June 28, 2013 at 22:48 | Report abuse |
Joel Raes
Hope the future improves this persons quality of life.
I have no feeling of horror looking at the person's face. But I fully understand a desire to regain a face. I wish this man the very, very best. I think it is amazing we have come so far with our medical science.
Please ignore the trolls here. I don't wish an accident to happen to them, even. But I hope something helps them to understand that accidents happen and it is terrible and the victims should be helped. Grow up!
Sara Jones
Very well said! I cannot stand unsympathetic morons. I say the Brian guy who enjoys hatred and cruel remarks is "dumb" id on't even like that word!!! I pray for the young man who had the face transplant...he and his beautiful little daughter will enjoy life even more every step of their journey! People don't think about the family when people do "dumb" things..he does need to grow up!!!
May God help that poor man to be,completely, healed. I feel very sorry about his disfigured face after the terrible high-voltage electric shock. How, truly, very sad.
A person essentially help to make severely posts I might state. That is the first time I frequented your website page and to this point? I amazed with the research you made to make this actual post amazing. Fantastic process!
mirsat
I would like to know how much money is to do surgery plastic transplatija new face
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It is often said that Johannes Brahms (1833-1897) came late to the symphony, yet he wrestled with his first symphony from as early as 1862, taking some fourteen years to bring it to fruition in 1876. Thereafter three more symphonies came far more quickly, the second in 1877, the third in 1883 and the fourth in 1884/85.
Following on from his acclaimed Beethoven symphony cycle, Riccardo Chailly www.riccardochailly.com and the Gewandhausorchester, Leipzig www.gewandhaus.de have turned their attention to Brahms. Decca www.deccaclassics.com/gb have just released a handsome new set of the Brahms symphonies together with the Tragic Overture, Haydn Variations and Academic Festival Overture. Also included are 9 Liebeslieder-Walzer, 3 Hungarian Dances, two Intermezzo from his Opp.116 and 117, as well as the revised opening to the fourth symphony and the first performance version of the Andante of the first symphony making the three well filled discs something of a Brahms feast.
478 5344 - 3CD
Brahms’ Symphony No.1 in C minor, Op. 68 was first performed in Karlsruhe on 4th November, 1876 by the Großherzogliche Hofkapelle conducted by Otto Dessoff.
Chailly makes a purposeful start in the opening of the Un poco Sostenuto – Allegro with playing that is muscular, taut and flexible. He creates so much tension in the music. There is also great clarity, not only because of the fine recording, but from the way Chailly and the orchestra reveal the instrumental detail. It is remarkable the way he pushes the music forward yet allows the orchestration to be clearly revealed. His flexibility of tempi, moving from muscular playing to tender moments is superb.
A wonderful Andante Sostenuto, beautifully judged, allows the music to ebb and flow so naturally. The Gewandhausorchester are on glorious form producing some lovely sounds, with little brass details sounding through and some fine woodwind passages. There is a wonderfully fleet footed Un poco Allegretto e grazioso again with some lovely woodwind contributions. Brahms’ cross rhythms are so well handled and, at times, in this movement there is an enveloping mellowness to the Gewandhausorchester’s playing that is so appealing.
Well contained passion opens the Adagio – Allegro non troppo, ma con brio, with wonderfully taut playing before the Allegro arrives. There are some lovely, long drawn horn phrases with Chailly getting it so right as he draws the music along. The more moderately paced passages aren’t allowed to drag and soon Chailly whips the music up as it leads to the final climax before a terrific coda.
Of all the symphonies of Brahms, this is the one that underwent the most revision after that first performance. The major revisions took place just before publishing in 1877 when the entire second movement was restructured. Brahms destroyed the score and orchestral parts of the original version, however, an extra set of string parts held in the Gesellschaft der Musikfreunde, Vienna www.a-wgm.com has enabled a reconstruction of the original Andante second movement which is included on Disc 3 of this set. Most listeners will soon notice the differences in this fascinating supplement to the first symphony performance.
Disc 1 continues with Brahms’ Symphony No.3 in F major, Op.90 where Chailly again hits the perfect tempo for the opening of the Allegro con brio – Un poco Sostenuto. As the music quietens he extracts such lovely, detailed playing from the Gewandhausorchester with musical phrases that are so beautifully turned. There are terrifically powerful string sounds and some great rubato
The winds of the Gewandhausorchester play superbly in the opening of the Andante as do the strings, so sonorous. As the music progresses there is a lovely freedom to their playing, taut yet free and a lovely glowing coda. In the Poco allegretto the strings of the Gewandhausorchester again show their terrific sonority with Chailly pointing up the details in the wind section. The Allegro has a terrific opening, full of anticipation before the orchestra suddenly erupts, truly joyful and triumphant. The magical coda is finely done.
The second disc in this set brings Symphony No.2 in D major, Op.73 with rich flowing sounds from the Gewandhausorchester before the Allegro proper arrives. There are lovely pointed woodwind passages and more taut playing from this fine orchestra. The woodwind decoration is beautifully done and there are some lovely glowing passages. Chailly builds to some fine climaxes. It is wonderful how he keeps such a momentum whilst not glossing over the detail and poetry of the music.
What Chailly brings to what must be one of Brahms’ finest Adagios, is the ability to slowly allow the music to feel its way, creating a feeling of great anticipation. He can really whip up a storm, as in the central section, but can quickly move from taut drama to reflection so naturally. There are some magical moments in this movement and a great climax before the peaceful coda.
There is a lovely, almost relaxed, Allegretto grazioso (Quasi Andantino) with a rhythmic litheness is so appealing. Chailly has got Brahms’ precise tempo marking just right. Suddenly the Presto ma non assai arrives with superb articulation and precision, given a somewhat Mendelssohnian feel. The final movement brings a real Allegro con spirito. Chailly allows the quieter passages just enough room to breathe without losing momentum - quite wonderful. He also makes the most of Brahms’ string sonorities here, whilst keeping a light touch, as the music surges forward. And what a glorious coda – triumphant.
The Allegro non troppo of the Symphony No.4 in E minor, Op.98 opens with some lovely flowing string playing, slowly increasing in intensity with fine shaping of phrases. The quieter interludes help build the expectation, always purposeful, never flagging. There are so many little orchestral details that show through.
What a terrific Andante moderato there is, full of lovely sonorities in the gentle melody and some great, incisive playing at the central climax after which Chailly paces the slow down so well with another glowing coda. The Allegro giocoso shows the terrific ensemble from the Gewandhausorchester in this joyful and ebullient performance, full of energy, finely controlled.
How Chailly handles the tempi changes in the Allegro energico e passionato is remarkable, his control is wonderful, with the Gewandhausorchester playing with the flexibility and tautness of a small ensemble. Chailly really lets rip in this finale with superb playing, full of drama.
After completing the fourth symphony, Brahms added four bars of music as a prefix to the first movement Allegro, a typically Brahmsian wind chord that falls away into the opening music that we all know. Chailly and the Gewandhausorchester open this extract by playing the last few bars of the first movement followed by the alternative opening thus giving us a chance to compare the cadence that ends the movement that was reflected in the revised opening. Brahms was obviously not convinced about this new opening as it did not appear in the published edition.
It would be easy, after such wonderful performances of the symphonies, to overlook the works contained on the third disc of this set. As well as the original first performance version of the Andante to the first symphony there is a fine Tragic Overture, Op.81, full of drama, taut energy and fine detail and atmosphere, arguably one of the finest on disc; and a finely wrought Academic Festival Overture, Op. 80, to which Chailly brings real verve and some lovely brass timbres.
Two worthwhile shorter pieces, beautifully played, are included, the Intermezzo, Op. 116 No.4 (Adagio) with a lovely Brahmsian lilt and a warmly glowing account of the Intermezzo, Op.117 No.1 (Andante) both orchestrated by Paul Klengel (1854-1935)
Brahms’ Variations of a Theme of Joseph Haydn, op.56a (Variations on St. Antoni Chorale) highlight Chailly’s ability to move so naturally from one tempo to another as he does between the variations of this work. The Gewandhausorchester follow every nuance and turn with Chailly breathing life into the music.
There is a lovely interlude with eight of the Op.52 and one of the Op.65 Liebeslieder-Walzer in Brahms’ own orchestration, nicely shaped, some full of gentle charm and others, at times, bringing a darker depth as well as some terrific energy. It is Brahms’ own orchestration of three of his Hungarian Dances that conclude this magnificent set, superbly played, taut and full of panache.
This, in my view, is the finest Brahms symphony cycle to arrive for many years and must become a top recommendation. This generously filled set is superbly recorded in the Gewandhaus, Leipzig.
The three discs are contained in a bound CD size book with excellent booklet notes and illustrations that include photographs of the autograph full score of the first page of the fourth symphony and the last page of the first movement of that work, showing the revised opening.
These are recordings to treasure.
Kodanshi 2 December 2014 at 05:46
I have just bought this and can't wait to listen to it! So excited. Thanks for the great review.
Bruce Reader 2 December 2014 at 14:47
I hope you enjoy the performances as much as I did. Perhaps you could post a comment on what you think of them.
The Classical Reviewer
Steve from down South 4 April 2016 at 13:25
Stunning version of the Third - haven't listened to other symphonies yet, but if they are of the same quality then indeed this would take the top cycle spot for me. What a beautiful sound the orchestra and engineers achieve!
legitimate-writing-services.blogspot.com/2016/04/freshessays-com-review.html 6 March 2017 at 09:13
I am not much in classical music but this looks good to me and I need to listen it. Will be getting my copy and then can say how was it
Daim Ishaq 6 August 2018 at 03:13
This Is Really A Great Stuff For Sharing. Thanks For Sharing.
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Cerbera manghas
Cerbera venenifera (Poir.) Steud.
Common Name: Sea Mango
Fruiting tree in Hawaii
Photograph by: Forest and Kim Starr
Flowering tree in Hong Kong
Photograph by: WingkLEE
Photograph by: Mk2010
close up, leaves
Photograph by: Unknown
Image credit to Australian National Botanic Gardens
Photograph by: Breeden, S.
Grown as a street tree
Photograph by: Fagg, M.
Ripening fruits
Photograph by: wan_hong
Sea mango varies in size from a shrub to a small or medium-sized tree that can grow up to 25 metres tall. The bole can be up to 70cm in diameter[
Protabase - Plant Resources of Tropical Africa.
http://www.prota.org
An excellent on-line database with detailed information on over 3,200 species of useful plants of Africa.
Plant Resources of Southeast Asia
http://proseanet.org/
Lots of information on the uses of the plants of SE Asia.
The plant is used locally as a herbal medicine, being mainly harvested from the wild[
]. The medicinal products are sometimes sold in local markets[
]. A very ornamental tree, with beautiful, aromatic flowers that can be produced all year round, and interesting fruits that are used in flower displays, it is sometimes grown in gardens[
Australian Rainforest Plants Volumes 1 - 6
Nicholson N. & H.
Terania Rainforest Publishing; New South Wales.
9-78095894-3628
Beautiful set of booklets with a terse description of over 600 species and their habitat, often including some of their uses and notes on their cultivation, plus at least one, excellent photograph.
The fruit, and especially the seed, are very poisonous and contain hydrocyanic acid and the cardiac glycosides thevetin and cerberin[
Flora of China
http://flora.huh.harvard.edu/china/
Missouri Botanical Garden Press; St. Louis.
An excellent, comprehensive resource in 25 volumes. In addition to the botanical information the flora also gives basic information on habitat and some uses. An on-line version is also available.
]. The toxins are said to be particularly harmful to dogs[
East Africa, through the Indian Ocean Islands, tropical Asia to Australia and the Pacific Islands.
Humid evergreen forest along the coast as well as in dry deciduous forest inland up to elevations of 150 metres in Madagascar[
]. Seashore and tidal river banks in southern China[
Cultivation Status Ornamental, Wild
A plant of the lowland tropics.
Plants should preferably be grown in full light in a fertile, moist but well-drained loam with additional leaf mould[
]. Often growing along the beach in the wild, this species should be resistant to maritime winds[
Ken Fern
Notes from observations, tasting etc at Plants For A Future and on field trips.
A white latex exudes from all plant parts[
Small amounts of the timber are exported from Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands to Japan[
The seeds are used in traditional medicine to treat cardiac disorders[
]. However they are very poisonous and were used until the middle of the 19th century as an ordeal poison[
Externally, the seeds are used to treat scabies and itch; and to prepare a hair tonic[
The bark is used as a laxative and antipyretic and in the treatment of dysuria and ringworm[
A decoction of the inner bark is drunk with cold water as an abortifacient[
The flowers to treat haemorrhoids[
The roots, bark, latex, and leaves are sometimes used as an emetic and a purgative[
All parts of the plant contain glycosides that are derived from cardenolides[
]. Some of these have shown antiproliferative activity against human colon cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer and epidermoid carcinoma cell lines, as well as anti-oestrogenic activity.
One of the alkaloids, cerberin, acts on plain muscle preparations as a definite stimulant both with regard to tone and peristaltic movements. As such it behaves as a parasympatomimetic poison. It acts on both the rhythm and amplitude of the heart. In moderate doses cerberin has positive inotropic properties, but in high, toxic doses it produces a negative inotropic and chronotropic effect[
]. Ethanolic extracts of Cerbera manghas have shown selective activity against vesicular stomatis virus (VSV). Olivil, carinol and cycloolivil showed antioxidant activities[
An oil is obtained from the seed[
Economic Products of India. Volume 1.
Watt. G.
Government of India: Calcutta.
Although over 100 years old, it still contains a wealth of information on useful plants. Many of the botanical names have been changed since then, so you have to check for up to date names. The book can be downloaded from the Internet.
The wood is lightweight to medium-weight, with the white to pale yellow-brown heartwood not demarcated from the sapwood[
]. The grain is straight to slightly interlocked, texture fine and uneven. The shrinkage upon seasoning is moderate, and the wood works easily. It is not durable, highly susceptible to blue-staining fungi, and resistant to preservative treatment under pressure[
]. Trees seldom grow to timber size, but the wood is useful for the production of veneer[
The wood is occasionally used in tropical Asia for mouldings, interior trim, fruit cases, core veneer, matches, shuttering, clogs, plain furniture and carving, and also for charcoal[
The wood is used for fine charcoal[
Seed - germination is erratic[
Cite as: Tropical Plants Database, Ken Fern. tropical.theferns.info. 2019-07-15. <tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Cerbera+manghas>
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Spin the Wheel
SN 1 | EP 3 | Latham Family
Joseph Latham tests his knowledge and luck for a chance to win millions.
Executive produced by Justin Timberlake and hosted by Dax Shepard, "Spin the Wheel" is a high-stakes game show offering a chance to win over $20 million per episode. A suspenseful, high-energy mix of pop culture trivia, strategy and simple whirling luck, the show offers life-changing opportunities to win fortunes during each episode with the spin of a massive, unpredictable 40-foot wheel that holds sums of cash prizes in its rotation. With prize money on the line, contestants must make sweat-inducing, gut-wrenching decisions: whether to walk away -- or risk it all to spin the wheel one last time.
Reality and Game Show, Reality and Game Shows, Reality
Dax Shepard,
Andrew Glassman
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Home › Font Technology
[OTVar] Introducing OpenType variable fonts
Even italics with fundamentally different letter forms have a lot of symbols which are essentially oblique. Punctuation, math symbols. Could italics could be an axis with a mix of alternate forms and deltas?
Peiran Tan Posts: 22
John Hudson said:
@Thomas Phinney wrote
Yes, you can use CSS font-feature settings. It already works with variable fonts in Chrome and Edge browsers on the latest Windows 10, in fact. I think you can see it in the demo video.
Unless I missed something very significant, what this means is that these browsers have been updated to support named instances in variable fonts, i.e. CSS font-feature properties can be used to reference named instances in variable fonts in the same way that they can be used to reference stand-alone fonts. This is a big step in terms of already being able to take advantage of the file size benefits and single-resource aspects of variable fonts, but doesn't yet mean that arbitrary instances or responsive typography are possible with CSS. We're just beginning the process of engagement with the W3C CSS working group.
I suspect that for font makers and typographers, it is the arbitrary instance and dynamic variation aspects of variable fonts that strike a chord, more than the packaging benefits, so I think it is important to be very clear what we mean when we talk about things being 'supported' or 'working'. Those of us in the working group knew all along that support for named instances was going to come first, but this might not be obvious to people who are excited by the prospect of responsive typography.
Yes, the arbitrary instance and dynamic variation is heaven, especially for web. But no, packaging benefits are also huge. Imagine only requesting one file for a webpage using more than two weights (better, imagine this webpage is CJK). Imagine loading one file with a slant axis to do both upright and italic on the same webpage (assuming it’s a neo-grot with oblique).
And then pack this with dynamic subset... ohmygawd
Peter Constable Posts: 161
In OpenType 1.8, both slant (oblique) and italic axes are defined. It's certainly anticipated that some will use slant as a continuous-variation axis in variable fonts. It's not as obvious whether italic will be used that way, however. Even so, it was important to have some way to indicate italic in the STAT table since it's a very-common variation within families. We could have represented that as a binary flag, but we didn't want to constrain it up front like that (and also didn't want multiple mechanisms for representing different axes of style variation). So, we left flexibility for people to use it as a continuous-variation axis in variable fonts if they wish to.
Another question (perhaps a bit technical):
Original MM starts with pairs of extremes to interpolate intermediate instances, while TrueType GX starts with the median default. Tom Rickner spoke at Typo Berlin about the differences—this decision was hint-based. But I didn’t quit really understand. How does TT GX’s delta value allow extrapolation instead of interpolation? (I’m guessing OTVar inherits this by large)
Read Roberts Posts: 7
@Belle Invis: Our intention is that TrueType and CFF2 formats have the same functionality. A single glyph can only reference one glyphVariationData, therefore the vsindex must apply to the whole glyph and must appear at the beginning of the charstring. We will update the spec to state this.
Belleve Invis Posts: 256
@Read Roberts
John Hudson Posts: 1,625
@Peiran Tan
There is no extrapolation in GX or OTVar; that is, the design space is constrained by the axes, and no value is ever extrapolated beyond the extremes of an axis or the corners of the design space that are defined by those extremes. So from a type designer's perspective, the model is quite like multiple master, because the extremes of the axes have to be provided (the corners can be interpolated, or can also be provided). These extremes are expressed in the font as delta sets from the normalised median outline set (with intermediate delta sets as desired by the font maker, for one or more glyphs at any position in the design space).
the median default
Note that although the outline set occupies the normalised median point of each axis (0, relative to the extremes -1 and 1), the outline set does not need to be the median design along any of the axes. That is to say, the outline set for a font with a weight axis between UltraLight and UltraBlack does not need to be exactly in the middle between these two extremes. The outline set can be located anywhere along the axis, and could even be the UltraLight or UltraBlack design itself (in which case one would have an axis in one direction only, since there is no extrapolation).
Rob McKaughan Posts: 36
As John points out to @Peiran Tan's question, the default instance need not be between two extremes. E.g. if your Regular can be accurately interpolated between Ultra Light and Ultra Black, then setting your default instance to the Ultra Light and only using one side of the axis may lead to more efficient data storage as you only need one set of deltas (for the Ultra Black) as opposed to two (e.g. if you had Regular as default, you'd need deltas for Ultra Light and Ultra Black).
This brings up an important consideration for file size optimization (to @Roel Nieskens's question): in some typefaces, it may be possible to dramatically reduce the variable font's file size by eliminating redundant deltas like the Regular in the above example. Plus, the gvar table provides a ton of interesting ways of saving file size. All of this could add up to much more space efficiency than the WOFF2 compressor could do. I suspect that, as an industry, several folks will come up with interesting ways of optimizing the size of variable fonts. Someday, there will likely be font file optimizers that you run before doing WOFF encapsulation / compression.
Of course, that means that the design space as expressed in the variable font file may be very different than the one the type designer drew.
E.g. if your Regular can be accurately interpolated between Ultra Light and Ultra Black, then setting your default instance to the Ultra Light and only using one side of the axis may lead to more efficient data storage as you only need one set of deltas (for the Ultra Black) as opposed to two (e.g. if you had Regular as default, you'd need deltas for Ultra Light and Ultra Black).
With the caveat, of course, that the fallback display in an environment that does not support variable fonts will be the Ultra Light outlines (at least, for TTF; there is no fallback for CFF2 fonts in such a situation).
Denis Moyogo Jacquerye Posts: 119
One of my colleagues was wondering what happens with the PANOSE in OS/2.
http://practicaltypography.com/the-scorpion-express.html
Yªssin Bªggªr Posts: 73
While the skepticism is understandable, this early negativity about variable fonts feels somewhat lame and short-sighted to me. The possibility of variable fonts doesn't mean type designers HAVE to start producing them, or even that they will become more common than normal OT fonts and replace them in font libraries. So what's the point of criticizing the technology?
I see it as an improvement bringing new possibilities. Type designers that are interested to explore these possibilities will be able to. Those who aren't can continue to do their thing. But more than that, it might also be a first step towards a new reality for fluid digital typography, and who knows yet where that might lead to.
There are plenty of questionable points in this article…
Historical analogies are often weak, comparing the 90s with MM and variable fonts in the 2010s makes little sense. As said by some proponents, the context back then was very different. But also, there weren't web fonts at that time. So it isn't necessarily a problem if Apple, Microsoft or Adobe fail to implement variable fonts in their desktop software. They may still be very interesting and useful for the web.
Just like they may be more interesting for custom solutions than for retail fonts.
"In other words, in terms of issues that mattered to designers, WOFF was a waste of time"
WOFF allowed our fonts to spread across the web, raising its visual diversity, and the value of typefaces accordingly. WOFF also seems to me like a very encouraging example of type designers and corporations getting together and making progress pretty efficiently and rapidly, showing there has been improvement since the MM/GX days… for me this goes against his point.
For those afraid to invest time on something that will not catch on, the solution is simple: don't. Most foundries didn't start selling web fonts until support was there and it was clear that it would be a financially viable thing.
And seing people creating their own variable fonts during ATypI (via twitter), it seems that it is not as complicated as it would sound.
"most professional graphic and web designers don’t care much about fonts at all"
Sure, that's why they spend enough money on them that 1000s of people can make a living.
"But with today’s faster connections—even on mobile—optimizing for file size is less useful than ever."
Very questionable.
1. There is more to the world than USA and Europe.
2. The web is becoming richer, so faster connections but more font styles per page.
3. Even if the statement was true, developers care/worry about the size of webfonts, so it's also a marketing point.
As a matter of fact, I had a client asking me today if we had ever tried to "combine all the weights into one font" because it would improve web performance. I don't think he was aware about variable fonts yet…
"But for type designers who work with Western scripts (= the majority of professional type designers, me included) it doesn’t move the needle."
Well it's a good thing that someone cares about non-western type designers… maybe there's a reason why they're the minority?
I don't understand the big point about backwards compatibility either. As long as old OT files can continue to work in the future, what's the big deal? Who is going to purchase variable fonts with the hope to use them in Windows XP?
@Denis Moyogo Jacquerye
Excellent question. I recall discussion of PANOSE during the working group meetings, but there's no change to the spec regarding them. I think this is an oversight, and I'll make sure it is on the list of things for attention. As I recall, the general feeling about PANOSE is that it is already so unreliable — not to mention Latin-centric — that it might as well be ignored. But there should be some statement as to how PANOSE should be set or not for variable fonts.
Personally, I'd be happy to see the PANOSE portion of the OS/2 table deprecated.
This morning, I've been having flashbacks or feelings of deja vu. So many of the opinions or arguments that are skeptical or hostile with regard to variable fonts are exactly the ones I remember from almost twenty years ago, when OpenType was first announced. I'm grateful to Matthew Butterick for expressing these arguments so cogently, with his usual clear and pleasant prose style. It's good to have them gathered and so expressed, even if it does give me a vertiginous sense of a time warp.
I don't have a lot of time today, so this is not a point-by-point response to Matthew's article — which it surely deserves —, but a few observations:
When OpenType was first announced, I remember a number of colleagues expressing the view that this was something that only benefited Microsoft and Adobe, that it would be a burden and expense on type designers, that okay so maybe some non-Latin scripts would benefit, but that these colleagues were perfectly happy making PS Type 1 fonts thank-you-very-much. As someone who had never been happy making Type 1 fonts — a mostly opaque technology, limited to 256 characters per font, requiring multiple files per font, not cross-platform compatible, requiring abuse of text encoding to achieve typographic quality —, I was confused by this response. I spent a lot of time explaining the benefits of the new technology — much of it on email listserves —, and ended up writing a number of articles on Unicode, OTL tables, layout engine interaction, complex script shaping, etc., all of which were novel topics for many type designers but are now, of course, simply the environment in which we all work.
At the time, we didn't know — no one knew — what the outcome of OpenType was going to be. I remember talking with Thomas Caldwell at Linotype, who had good reason to be cautious because they'd been burned by Apple's QuickDraw GX fiasco. Various predictions were made, both that OpenType would be a total flop and that it would solve all problems for all time. In the event, of course, the outcome has been neither dismal nor glorious. At the Unicode conference last year, I gave my own summary of where OpenType looks like a resounding success, and where it looks like a collection of unfulfilled promises. It is both.
Why, in response to criticisms of variable fonts, am I spending so much time talking about what happened almost twenty years ago? Partly because, as I say, so many of the criticisms sound familiar to me, but also because variable fonts are just an extension of the OpenType format. OT Font Variations consists of a number of new tables — none of which are required for any new non-variable OpenType font* — and minor version updates to some existing tables to integrate variable font technology (a minor version update means that existing software can read the newer tables and simply ignore the parts it doesn't understand). There is nothing in OT Font Variations that requires a font maker to make variable fonts or, indeed, to do anything different from what she is already doing if she chooses not to.
Further, the variable fonts technology has been deliberately designed around the ways in which a great many — probably most — type designers are already working, i.e. using interpolable design masters. Anyone who has ever used Erik van Blokland's Superpolator tool has already been exposed to everything that is possible in variable font design, and anyone working with the multiple master model in font production tools like Glyphs and FontLab Studio has, excuse the pun, mastered most of the new technology. When 'Generate variable font' is a button or an option in the font tool UI, alongside 'Generate TTF', 'Generate instances...', etc., and all from the same multi-master design source, will any type designer really feel that this technology is an expensive burden?
There will be expenses, of course. Customers will need to be educated. There will be inevitable support calls, especially while implementation of the format is uneven. And yes, many customers are going to need the fonts in more than one packaging format: variable fonts for some uses and environments, discrete instance fonts for others. None of this is unfamiliar to anyone who went through the transition from Type 1 to OpenType, and at least this time the new technology comes with an implementation spec, which should eliminate those support calls that arise from incompatibilities of the kind between, e.g., Microsoft and Adobe implementations of OpenType Layout.
There will be expenses, but also opportunities, for those who want to take them. Few aspects of OpenType have been without problems in their implementation, many of the promises remain unfulfilled two decades on, software support is still partial and inconsistent — and yet, OpenType has also fostered intense creativity in type design and the development of the first truly global type industry. I am in daily contact with colleagues around the world, designing and making fonts for many different scripts and languages, and that is in large part a result of having a shared technology. We didn't know that that would be the outcome when Microsoft and Adobe announced OpenType. We don't know what the outcome of OpenType Font Variations will be, either.
*The STAT table is recommended, because it provides a better model for expressing type style attributes and family relationships than the name table.
Jens Kutilek Posts: 218
I can't agree with Matthew's argument about WOFF2:
For customers and designers, it was met with a shrug, since WOFF2 didn’t change anything inside the font.
Customers didn't ask for better compression before WOFF2 was announced, but as soon as it was, and was supported in one browser, they started inquiring when WOFF2 versions of our fonts would be available for self-hosting.
Customers care about WOFF2 because, surprise, it cuts hosting bills for them as well, and they care about faster load times. Customers with high-traffic sites will indeed try to squeeze the last bit of optimization out of all resources, including fonts.
TimAhrens Posts: 25
I like the idea of reducing the file size. If we really take this issue seriously then some questions arise:
• From which number of used instances are variable fonts more size-efficient than single style fonts? Could a two-master variable font be smaller than the equivalent two single style fonts? Naturally, we need to compare compressed data; comparing raw data is meaningless. I’d be curious whether a good compression algorithm could pack two individual fonts into one file with the same size as a (compressed) two-master variable font.
• What about cases when the user does not make use of all the possibilities (masters) that the font offers?
Say, a variations font has a weight and width axis but someone uses only the regular width. Will there be tools (and will foundries allow) to “subset” variations fonts by removing unused masters/axes, similar to removing unused glyphs? Or, will foundries provide optional weight-axis-only variable fonts for these cases?
Or, if a user only needs a single (interpolated) instance, would the foundry allow to generate a single-master font from it so as to reduce the data size?
To me, it appears that a lack of understanding by the font user, or a lack of tools or the appropriate EULAs, could eventually lead to more data being transferred than with the single-style system.
Andreas (Eigi) Eigendorf Posts: 1
The PANOSE spec is ready for variable fonts:
1.5 Digit values of 0 and 1
The reader will notice that the value 0 and 1 are defined as Any and No Fit for every digit in the PANOSE system. These have specific meanings to the mapper. 0 means match that digit with any available digit. This allows the mapper to handle distortable typefaces such as multiple master fonts in which, for example, weights may be variable ...
The problem is the implementation in fonts and tools. Most tools use 0 for undefined values. Maybe we need a new fsSelection flag in the OS/2 table which says "0 in PANOSE is a meaningful value"
https://www.wired.com/2016/09/apple-google-adobe-microsoft-join-forces-make-typographic-history/
Andreas:
I suggested something similar to the working group — an fsSelection bit to indicate 'PANOSE is not junk' — but mostly as a joke. Such a flag, more general that what you suggest, could then be paired with a spec recommendation that the PANOSE value for variable fonts be set in some specific way. But I still don't think there's enough value in PANOSE to merit such a solution. The PANOSE data in the vast majority of fonts is junk, and that which is used by software — e.g. the monospace setting — is available from fonts in other data. Also, if font matching is really desirable, then the new STAT table could be extended to provide actual variable matching for the most important attributes (style, weight, width, proportion), à la Adobe's MM solution for embedding fallback in PDF.
@TimAhrens
Excellent questions.
With regard to subsets of variation axes, or custom instances as standalone fonts, these are very much EULA and business model issues. In my Medium article, I pointed out the potential for custom 'slices' of variation design space and tailored named instances. These are services that a foundry can offer, as are custom instance fonts, and I think a customer that cares enough about data size, or compatibility with older software for arbitrary instances, should be able to pay for that service. My take on this will probably be: a) if the customer wants individual non-variable fonts that correspond to the standard named instances in a variable font, there will be no additional charge (i.e. these are just two different packaging formats for the standard instances, one of which also has variable typography potential); b) if the customer wants non-standard named instance built into a variable font, or individual non-variable fonts of the same, then there will be a fee, because this is a customisation job; c) if the customer wants a variable font that behaves in a different way than the standard one, there will be a fee, because this is a customisation job. Another option would be to try to anticipate some of the customer requirements, and offer variable fonts with different axes sets as products, so e.g. a customer who never wants to use width variations can license the font with just weight axis, without needing to pay for customisation. Another, more radical option, is to stop selling font licenses, and instead sell a typeface service that includes access to the standard fonts in assorted formats, and options for various kinds of customisation. In any case, making the customer aware of how the fonts work and how they can be adjusted to meet the customer's needs is the important thing, and arguably the last option does this better because it is explicit in what the customer is buying.
As to whether foundries would or should allow customers to modify variable fonts or produce their own derivative custom instance fonts, that doesn't seem very different from the sort of modification or format conversion that EULAs already have to either allow or prohibit. I suspect there will be as little consistency in foundry preference in future as there is already.
David Lemon Posts: 6
Ben Blom said:
Adobe are updating the CFF rasteriser to allow overlapping outline paths.
As far as I know, the current CFF rasteriser sometimes behaves erratic with sharp inner corners of glyphs. To prevent such problems, sharp inner corners can be cut. Will such erratic behavior be a thing of the past in the updated CFF rasteriser?
Short answer: probably not. Sorry!
Long answer: CFF and Type 1 fonts go through a series of three different rasterizers, each with its own model for which pixels get turned on. Each rasterizer gets applied depending on a combination of pixels per em and available device memory, so it's tricky to define clear boundaries.
The behavior you describe above is specific to Adobe's original rasterizer, which is used these days at moderately large sizes. I've long wished for a way to remove this rasterizer from the chain entirely, but it remains there because of performance considerations.
The good news is that sharp exterior angles don't need to be blunted, and only some interior angles need this treatment. The issue arises when the point of the angle is close to the far side of the black shape it describes. In these cases it's possible that you'd see a small bump where the interior angle is effectively pushing through into what should be white space. It's simple enough to do waterfall tests to see whether this problem is occurring, and blunt the offending angle only in those cases.
peter sikking Posts: 24
hey y’all, first post here.
I guess quite a few people around here know me for my designs of font tools (or the attempt to get an interaction design project for OpenType features off the ground). For those not familiar with me, you can check me and my work out in this talk I did (with Lasse Fister) this year at TYPO talks:
http://typotalks.com/videos/metapolator-present-future/
It is gratifying to read both here and on twitter that people are quite aware that the new variable fonts tech is hot, but might never catch on if the font-end-user UI is daunting and balkanised, instead of empowering and universal.
Empowering and universal UI is where I have worked for the last 2 decades. From experience: a unified solution still means optimised variations for desktop, mobile and web platforms. On top of that the full spectrum from expert typographer to general fonts-don’t-matter users must be covered.
Universal also means that ‘everyone’ needs to be able to use it, which means rolling out an infrastructure project. Having done a couple of these projects, I know that the no.1 success factor is that a single organisation is determined to push it through (i.e. to cover the costs and effort). Without that, nothing is going to happen (see OpenType features UI).
I cannot see that single, determined organisation at the moment for variable fonts UI. With that, no chance exist to work on an empowering and universal solution, that then can be taken by the big players in desktop, mobile and web and be moulded in their own image.
We will just have to wait (for years, some insiders tell me) for the situation to become unbearable for an organisation and for them to get determined.
Chris Lozos Posts: 1,138
Universal also means that ‘everyone’ needs to be able to use it
Meaning software vendors like Apple, Adobe, Microsoft, and Quark need to help the user get to it with ease and use it without pain and suffering.
Caren Litherland Posts: 2
Peter Sikking wrote:
the new variable fonts tech is hot, but might never catch on if the font-end-user UI is daunting and balkanised, instead of empowering and universal.
Then Peter wrote (my emphasis):
I know that the no.1 success factor is that a single organisation is determined to push it through (i.e. to cover the costs and effort). Without that, nothing is going to happen
Why? One of the most significant aspects of this effort, it seems to me, is an unprecedented collaboration among corporations and independent designers. Why can’t the same sort of collaboration on front-end tools lead to “an empowering and universal solution”?
Nick Shinn Posts: 1,402
If, rather than providing a typeface family, e.g. RRIBI, as a collection of fonts, I publish it as a single variable font, but with the styles limited to RRIBI, this would be seamless, with no visible change required of UIs.
I would be inclined to prohibit other, user-generated instances, as being “faux”.
However, should I permit user generation of instances, that would occur via a new sub-menu.
Is that what will happen to UIs?
Nick, yes, variable font named instances should appear in font UIs exactly as if they were independent fonts. But shipping a variable font to customers while disallowing (in the EULA) use of other instances within the design space, is likely to cause confusion and almost certainly to result in inadvertent EULA contravention. If users are working in a software environment that provides access to arbitrary instances in variable fonts, it will be difficult to get them not to treat different variable fonts from different foundries in the same way in their work. Indeed, most users are unlikely to be aware that they are not permitted to use the fonts in a way that the font format delivered and their software makes possible. It's one thing for a EULA to specify that a font cannot be redistributed, or embedded in particular kinds of products, or modified; it's another entirely to say that it can't be tracked out, or coloured red, or, indeed, have faux bold or italic applied. Prohibiting access to arbitrary instances in the design space of a variable font would be in the same category, I think: practically impossible to police or enforce.
So I think a legal, EULA-based mechanism for such restriction is a non-starter. There is, however, a technical mechanism you could use. It is possible to build a variable font in such a way that all the design axes work in discrete steps between named instances, with no intermediary interpolated instances. The effect in a variations UI, i.e. one in which a user could typically access an interpolated, non-named instance, would be of toggling between the named instance. So a slider or dial interface would jump from one named instance to the next, rather than exposing the design space between them.
I think I would call this a 'restricted variable font'. Obviously such restriction would be likely to provoke support calls from customers used to variable fonts behaving differently.
Richard Fink Posts: 165
I have a list of urls for about thirteen different articles about variable fonts.
After reading all of them plus everything on this thread, outside of explaining that multiple weights can be generated on the fly, so to speak, nothing else is clear.
1) What are the features and corresponding benefits of Variable Fonts?
2) What problems does the format solve?
Unless these can be explained simply, in a way that any potential end-using customer can understand them, there's trouble brewing.
What's the sales pitch? Outside of interpolation (for only Latin fonts, that's all I've seen examples of so far), what's the fuss?
The big pitch is file size to speed up caching of fonts enough that there is minimal if any lag time.
What's the sales pitch?
There isn’t much of a sales pitch. This format was developed out of self-interest. Some big companies want to spend less money serving fonts. Some of their big customers want to spend less money serving fonts. So they found a way to do it. Selling it to everybody else isn’t a priority. Nor should it be. These fonts probably won’t be usable outside of browsers for years, and most web sites don’t get enough traffic for reducing font data usage to have widespread appeal.
…what's the fuss?
Conference attendee exuberance overflowing onto twitter. In two weeks variation fonts will disappear into the back of our minds. Only the powers that be will have much reason to think about them until they’re ready for mass consumption.
The buzz may briefly fade but it will return as soon as some people use it well enough to show its potential. I am sure there will be some new developments out of it that have yet to surface but they will.
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Main » The First CubeSats Ever to Visit Mars Have Gone Silent
The First CubeSats Ever to Visit Mars Have Gone Silent
NASA used to the CubeSats to see if they are a viable and thrifty way to track of spacecraft during the landing process, arguably the most vital part of any mission.
Klesh said then that the project was discussing with NASA potential extended missions involving the MarCO cubesats as they flew away from the planet into interplanetary space, such as collecting engineering data on the performance of the cubesats and "seeing what other great science and lessons we can pull from those craft". It was accompanied by two tiny satellites called CubeSats, or in this case, MarCO, for Mars Cube One.
Even if NASA never hears from EVE or Wall-E again, they consider the MarCO mission a success. They were nicknamed WALL-E and EVE after the Pixar characters of the same name and were last heard from on December 29 and January 4, respectively.
NASA said that based on trajectory calculations, WALL-E is more than 1 million miles past Mars, while EVE is nearly 2 million miles past the Red Planet. EVE went mum on January 4; it's almost 2 million miles (3.2 million kilometres) past the red planet.
Placed into an elliptical solar orbit, both CubeSats, whose $18.5-million cost was funded by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in Pasadena, California, are now well past Mars. "We've put a stake in the ground". But it's rare for them to go adventuring so far from home. The gizmos provided real-time updates of Insight's progress toward the dust world's surface, making it slightly less nerve-wracking for ground control.
"WALL-E has a leaky thruster".
Both spaceships will start moving towards the sun this summer and it's hoped they will spring back to life. At the time, the MarCO team collected data from each satellite to determine how much fuel they had left and took a deeper look at how they performed.
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They were named after the main characters in the 2008 animated movie.
The twin cubesats that played a key role in NASA's most recent Mars lander mission have been out of contact with the Earth for more than a month, suggesting their trailblazing mission has come to an end.
Managers consider it a last-ditch effort to reach Opportunity, which recently marked its 15th year on Mars. They were launched alongside the stationary lander InSight on May 5, 2018.
The seismometer records the waves traveling through the interior structure of a planet.
Heat probe: InSight's heat flow probe, HP3, burrows deeper than any other scoops, drills or probes on Mars before it. The high-carbon dioxide content of Mars's atmosphere is slow to conduct heat under the planet's low pressure environment, further protecting InSight's mission from local damaging effects.
JPL spokesman Andrew Good said February 5 that after the flyby the MarCO cubesats continued to transmit technical data about the performance of their various subsystems, including attitude control, propulsion and communications.
NASA used to the CubeSats to see if they are a viable and thrifty way to track of spacecraft during the landing process, arguably the most vital part of any mission.Klesh said then that the project wa...
http:///2019/02/09/the-first-cubesats-ever-to-visit-mars-have-gone-silent/
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Customer access WIN Capability Search Line Maintenance Search 787 Community File Sharing On Wing Services English | Français Contact us
29/09/2010 - Royal Jordanian renews contract with AFI KLM E&M for component and engine support for its A340s and signs contract for A330 component and CF6-80C engine overhauls
Jordan flag-carrier Royal Jordanian has renewed its contract with AFI KLM E&M for A340 component and engine support for a further three years. The contract includes repairs and pool access as part of a flight hour contract for components overhaul of engines and access to leased spare engines.
Royal Jordanian has also selected AFI KLM E&M to provide component support for its A330s. The contract includes repairs and access to the spares pool, with the deployment of a Main Base Kit (MBK) for its customer at Amman airport in Jordan.
In December 2009, Royal Jordanian and AFI KLM E&M also renewed the existing CF6-80C repair contract for a further three years. The engines are cared for at AFI KLM E&M's Amsterdam engine shop.
"We are pleased to have renewed this contract for which Air France Industries showed they were genuinely well-disposed as regards the services on offer and their overall professionalism," said Royal Jordanian CEO Mr Hussein H. Dabbas.
Building on trust.
AFI KLM E&M and Royal Jordanian have enjoyed a close commercial relationship since 2002. On the strength of the past eight years' cooperation, the carrier has been able to gauge the excellent service quality delivered by the MRO and its personnel. "We are happy to continue providing support for such an important customer as Royal Jordanian to help it develop in its region," said Fabrice Defrance, AFI KLM E&M SVP Business Development & Commercial organisation.
Proximity and logistics wins.
MBKs offer rapid access to spares at a carrier's home airport. To deploy the A330 MBK, AFI KLM E&M has built on the system already set up under the A340 support contract to ensure the customer benefits from spare parts supply synergies.
About Royal Jordanian
Created in 1963 by His Majesty the late King Hussein of Jordan, Royal Jordanian is a national air carrier based in the heart of the capital, Amman. Its flights are operated from Queen Alia International Airport and cover a network of 57 destinations on four continents.
About AFI KLM E&M
Air France Industries and KLM Engineering & Maintenance, which joined forces following the Air France KLM merger, are world-leading multi-product MRO (Maintenance, Repair, Overhaul) providers with a joint workforce of over 14,000, offering comprehensive technical support for airlines, ranging from engineering and line maintenance to Engine overhaul and the management, repair and supply of aircraft components, structured around a powerful logistics network. Together they support more than 1,230 aircraft operated by 150 major international airlines.
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nto the points lead for the first time in his career, and for the first time for JR Motor
KRASNAYA POLYANA, Russia -- Canadas Rosalind Groenewoud settled for a seventh-place finish in the womens ski halfpipe competition Thursday at the Sochi Games. Walter Payton Bears Jersey . The freestyle skier from Calgary had a poor first run but turned in a decent effort in the second run to finish with 74.20 points. American Maddie Bowman won gold with a score of 89.00 points on a mild evening at Rosa Khutor Extreme Park, edging Marie Martinod of France (85.40). Ayana Onozuka of Japan won bronze with 83.20 points in the sports Olympic debut. Groenewoud won a silver medal at the X Games last month, just over five weeks after undergoing double knee surgery. She won a world title in 2011. Edmontons Keltie Hansen was 13th with 66.20 points, missing the cut for the final round by just four points. Akiem Hicks Bears Jersey . Aaron Harrison scored a 22 points for Kentucky (6-1), which has won four in a row following a Nov. 12 loss to current No. 1 Michigan State. Julius Randle overcame a scoreless first half and added his sixth double-double in as many games with 14 points and 10 rebounds. William Perry Bears Jersey . At a Manhattan federal court hearing, attorney Jordan Siev said his law office has gotten more evidence nearly every day to support its lawsuit accusing MLB and Selig of going on a "witch hunt" to ruin Rodriguezs reputation and career. He said the defendants went "way over the line. http://www.authenticbearsnflfansmall.com/c-8-bears-dick-butkus-jersey.aspx . The quest begins with what is supposed to be an easy one, although Germany has traditionally been a stubborn opponent to Canadian teams at international tournaments.TALLADEGA, Ala. -- Regan Smith thought hed won at Talladega before, only to have a NASCAR ruling go against him. So there was no rush to celebrate Saturday night as Smith waited for NASCAR to review videotape and scoring loops to determine the winner of the crash-filled Nationwide Series race. He thought he was out front when the final caution flew -- after all, it was dark enough that he could clearly see the glaring yellow lights -- but experience taught Smith to stay calm. After a few anxious minutes the word came down: Smith was going to Victory Lane. "I was having flashbacks sitting on pit road, Im not going to lie, when they were making the decision," said Smith, who crossed the finish line first of the 2008 Sprint Cup race but wasnt awarded the win because NASCAR said he went below the yellow line to pass Tony Stewart. "I was thinking Man, I hope we got it. Im pretty sure we got it when the flag came out and I saw the lights come on. I knew we were ahead. I dont know if its vindication, but I definitely wanted to win and it certainly wipes that bad memory away." The race was delayed three hours by rain and slowed by seven cautions, and as darkness closed in on Talladega Superspeedway, NASCAR cut the race distance by 10 laps. Then Joey Coulter brought out a caution one lap shy of the new scheduled finish and NASCAR decided it would make one attempt at a green-white-checkered finish. At least 10 cars were jockeying for position in packs of two on the final lap when Brian Vickers was spun hard into the outside wall. Smith, Joey Logano and Kasey Kahne raced three-wide all the way to the finish line and Kahne actually crossed it first. "As soon as they started wrecking, I saw the caution, I still raced to the line. I had a good enough run to get there and be first there, and I was kind oof surprised the caution came out," Kahne said. Christian Jones Bears Jersey. "I knew I was third when the caution came out and I knew I was first at the line. I actually thought maybe Joey had won." NASCAR needed several minutes to review video to see who won the race. The win went to Smith over Logano under caution with Kahne in third. "I was really surprised they threw that caution, so many times they wouldnt in that situation," Kahne said. "NASCAR always switches it up, you never know whats going to happen." The win moved Smith into the points lead for the first time in his career, and for the first time for JR Motorsports. Brad Keselowski had the team second in points for nine weeks in 2008, but the team struggled after his departure and team owner Dale Earnhardt Jr. began making wholesale changes last fall that culminated with Smiths hiring and then the November addition of crew chief Greg Ives, a longtime crew member from Jimmie Johnsons Cup team. Smith won the Homestead season finale, and has his first win of the 2013 season. "Weve been working real hard as a race team to try to get to Victory Lane," Earnhardt said. "Im real happy for Regan and the whole group, really. Theyve been working so hard, so many late nights, trying to get faster and trying to find that little bit of extra speed, to be as good as they can be. You can really see the effort between Greg and the whole group ... they are trying to gel as fast as they can because they know theyve got a great opportunity this year. "This is just a result of all that hard work, a result of all that effort theyve put in, a result of the talent Regans got, the ability hes got. Were just thrilled that were in this position and weve put the pieces of the puzzle together to be able to accomplish this." Wholesale Jerseys China ' ' '
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DestinationsOceania
The Poor Knights Islands Marine Reserve
Benjamin Jones
[dropcap size=big]T[/dropcap]he Poor Knights Islands lay just 22km from the shores of New Zealand’s Northland. Uninhabited since the 1820’s they are the eroded remnants of a 4 million year old volcano. Submerged by the rising tides the islands play host to a dark Maori legend of death and destruction.
It is said that Maori tribes inhabited Aorangi and Tawhiti Rahi the two largest islands in the chain for centuries. Quarrelling over food with tribes from the main land the Chef set out with his warriors on a hunting expedition.
Having left his tribe without defence they were helpless when hunters from the mainland attacked. When the Chief returned he was met by survivors who had fled the attack.
Enraged by the horrific death bestowed on his tribe the Chief declared the islands to be strictly Tapu (spiritually restricted) and to this day no one has set foot on their shores. The English word ‘Taboo’ is said to have been derived from this Maori expression.
[divider] TAWHITI RAHI | THE POOR KNIGHTS ISLANDS [/divider]
There has been much debate regarding the English name for the islands and its origins. The most popular theory is that Cook named them after the classic British desert the ‘Poor knights Pudding’ that turns stale bread into a sumptuous rich desert.
However my favourite theory is that it is because their combined silhouette looks like a knight laid asleep in the ocean. Wherever their name originates the islands are have gained a reputation for their pristine underwater environment and rich waters.
Established as a marine reserve in 1981 the area is fiercely protected and has captured the imagination of scuba divers all over the world. The Marine park is particularly special because it is home to a diverse spectrum of life completely undisturbed by human influence.
In our opinion the only way to experience the wealth of life on offer at the Knights is to get your head underwater and join a dive expedition.
There are a number of operators who offer both day trips and live aboard diving however we recommend spending as much time as you can exploring the diverse eco system. Two dives aboard a day boat just wont be enough.
[divider] VOLCANIC UNDERWATER ARCHITECTURE [/divider]
The Knights’ architectural beauty was sculpted during the last ice age, as water pounded the volcanic rock weaker areas collapsed forming vast sea caves, tunnels, over hangs and archways.
With such a diverse underwater environment there is no wonder that it is recognised as one of the few remaining pristine eco systems on the planet.
The lack of human interference here has encouraged the growth of a subtropical playground for marine and plant life, with thousands of different species taking refuge here throughout the year divers experience an underwater world like no other.
The local inhabitants include countless species of fish and crustaceans, a wealth of corals and macro life and because the Knights plunge down to the sea floor at around one hundred meters they also play host to larger animals such a ray and sharks.
Those fortunate enough to dive here will notice that the marine life is unfamiliar with the destruction usually associated with a human presence and so go about their business among the kelp in a fashion like nowhere else on earth.
While staying aboard the Pacific Hideaway we visited a number of sites around the islands, with over fifty different sites to dive no two trips are the same, yet all just as spectacular as the last.
The Lost World, Northern Arch, Taravana Cave and Landing Bay Pinnacle were all highlights of our two day trip providing a spectacular backdrop against which to spot some of the areas inhabitants.
The dark waters made you feel as though civilisation had rewound itself and you were diving beneath the gaze of the ancient Maori tribes who once inhabited the land above.
Although the visibility was somewhat clouded due to the seasonal algae bloom the increase in nutrient rich water provided a greater wealth of activity among the kelp.
The wealth of life was astounding, Ben and I spent at least thirty minutes at the entrance to The Lost World spotting innumerable species of colourful nudibranchs and throughout the weekend we spotted eagle and long tailed stingrays, mosaic moray eels, wrasse and pink and blue maomao to name but a few.
[divider] A UNIQUE UNDERWATER WORLD [/divider]
One of the countless anomalies within the Knights is Rikoriko Cave, named as the largest sea cave on the planet it provides an underwater environment like nothing on earth. When underwater the sea bed bears a resemblance to the surface of the moon, with large boulders and ‘moon rock’ littering the floor.
Much of the life in the cave has been tricked into thinking it is at much greater depths due to the lack of light and when diving here you are treated to sights usually reserved for those of a much more adventurous nature.
One of the more awe inspiring sites inside the cave is the carcass of a fifteen meter long Sperm Whale that had died in the area and over time been washed into the cave. Resting on the bottom at about 15m there are various bones littered on the floor that make a great subject for some interesting underwater photography.
Image |CC Flickr thievingjoker
Using a sophisticated 3D laser scanner and traditional hydro graphic surveying techniques models have been calculated to determine the record breaking volume of the cave as 7.8 million cubic feet.
Formed over ten million years ago when a gas bubble set in the lava during a volcanic eruption the cave has played host to a number of unusual occupants during its history:
// In the Second World War a Japanese submarine is said to have taken refuge inside the cave while making vital repairs.
// Wade Doak conducted an experiment with underwater audio attracting a pod of dolphins who came into the cave to investigate further.
// Gregorian Chants, Maori Haka challenges, opera singers, Swiss yodellers, Irish folk singers, and didgeridoo players have made impromptu performances inside.
// Electronic band ‘Pitch Black’ performed for the Minister of Conservation during 2003 Sea Week where there were 10 boats inside the cave with over 100 people in and under the water.
[divider] DIVING THE POOR KNIGHTS [/divider]
Image | CC Flickr A Perfect Day
Diving the Poor Knights has been an unique experience and one that we would recommend for both beginner and advanced divers.
[divider]✈ ✈ ✈[/divider]
Would you like to explore the volcanic underwater of The Poor Knights Islands? Share your comments with us below.
SHORT URL http://wlst.us/tK
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Johanna | ZigaZag WA Travel & Lifestyle says:
Wow, what an amazing place. The colours of the coral look absolutely amazing. Quite a change from a lot of coral these days.
Sadly yes, so often coral reefs exhibit the tell tale signs of global climate change and human destruction. We thoroughly enjoyed our trip and were thrilled to see such a pristine underwater environment.
Thanks for your comment Johanna
Muza-chan says:
Great photos 🙂
Thanks Muza-chan!
Can’t believe I haven’t heard of these islands before, and we even lived in New Zealand for half a year. Such bright and beautiful coral, well captured. I’d love to hear an impromptu little concert in such a location.
Thanks Sophie, the islands were on our scuba radar long before we arrived in New Zealand so it was great to be able to visit. It would have been superb to hear a concert in the sea cave. I imagine it would be quite a surreal experience!
Sensibletraveler says:
Great post! Because of the Tapu, are you only allowed to explore the waters around the islands and not set foot on the shores?
It is strictly forbidden to set foot on the islands. We were told by the dive operation that even if we find ourselves in difficulty we were to avoid toughing the shoreline. Obviously in an emergency I’m sure no one would criticise you for seeking shelter on the rocks until assistance came, however everyone was very concious of adhering to the request.
We were told that occasionally conservationists visit the islands however there’s actually very little in the way of shore access. The rock faces are very steep and the only place where you could physically moor a small boat was inside World’s End.
Jackie Smith says:
My fear of heights is exceeded only by my fear of being in deep water – thanks for the photos and experience; I won’t be experiencing it myself. Great post.
Thanks Jackie, glad we could feed your wanderlust!
Lisa Goodmurphy says:
What an incredibly beautiful place! Like Jackie, I’m afraid of deep water so will never get to experience something like this but I love seeing photos from other’s dives. Love the origin of the word “taboo” – it’s always so interesting to find out how English words came to be.
Before training to be a diver I was of the opinion that being so far underwater would concern me. The truth is when you’re down there surrounded by such beauty and diverse life you forget any fears you may have had!
Beautiful. The colors are so vivid.
Didn’t know that was where the word taboo came from.
The colours were something that really captivated me during our dives. Against the black volcanic rock they stand out and really catch your eye.
budget jan says:
Love Charli hanging and the kelp photo. I do believe that even though I would be afraid of the big deep blue, I would forget about that fear in the face of such beauty.
It was really something, there was so much life that you really didn’t need to go very deep. The kelp fields and volcanic rock provided such diverse terrain. I’ve no doubt it would capture your imagination and you’d soon relax!
Linda Jenkins says:
Charli, you have some really great photos that really bring your story to life. Thanks for sharing.
Thanks Linda.
Love the vibrant colors! I really need to get into more diving. It’s a whole different world!
Thanks for your kind comment Debbie and I must agree with you, diving opens up a whole new world of environments to explore!
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Regulatory motifs are short nucleotide sequences typically upstream of genes that are used to control the expression of genes, dictating under which conditions a gene will be turned on or off.� Direct identification of regulatory elements is more challenging than that of genes. Such elements are typically short (6-15 bp), tolerate some degree of sequence variation and follow few known rules. To date, the majority have been found by experimentation, such as systematic mutation of individual promoter regions; the process is laborious and unsuited for genome-scale analysis.
Computational analysis of single genomes has been successfully used to identify regulatory elements associated with known sets of related genes7-9.� These methods typically search for frequently-occurring sequence patterns at various distances upstream of coordinately expressed genes, and will be further described in chapter 4.� They are however limited by the experimental information available, and hence do not permit a comprehensive direct identification of regulatory elements43.
Comparative genomics offers various approaches for finding regulatory elements. The simplest approach is to perform cross-species sequence alignment to find phylogenetic footprints, regions of unusually high conservation. This approach has long been used to study promoters of specific genes in many organisms10,12,44-46 and recently was applied across the entire human and mouse genomes19. The genome alignments of the four Saccharomyces species can similarly be used to study each yeast gene, to help define promoters and other islands of intergenic conservation (Figure 3.2).
Our interest was to go beyond inspection of individual islands of conservation to construct a comprehensive dictionary of regulatory elements used throughout the genome. We investigated the conservation properties of known regulatory motifs and used the insights gained to design an approach for de novo discovery of regulatory motifs directly from the genome.�
In this chapter, we develop and apply methods for genome-wide motif discovery.� We compare our results to a database of experimentally validated regulatory motifs and rediscover virtually all previously known motifs.� In chapter 4 we develop methods for inferring a candidate function for the motifs discovered making use of biological knowledge about genes, and in chapter 5 we explore their combinatorial interactions.
3.2. Regulatory motifs
The current knowledge of gene regulation is based on focused experimental studies of specific examples.� The deletion of a transcription factor was shown to disrupt the use of its target genes.� Regulatory elements were identified in genetic screens through function-disrupting mutations that reside outside of a protein-coding ORF.� Systematic mutagenesis of a particular promoter region (also known as promoter bashing) and testing the resulting effect on gene expression has been used to identify functional blocks in upstream regions of genes.� To identify regulatory motifs at a nucleotide level, footprinting methods can be used.� These methods expose the bound region to DNA damaging agents that degrade unbound nucleotides, leaving a �footprint� of the transcription factor on the bound and thus protected nucleotides.� Finally, even higher resolution information is obtained through crystal structures of transcription factors bound to DNA.� These different methods have produced lists of bound sites for each of a small number of well-studied transcription factors.
[pA,pc,pG,pT]
[1, 0, 0, 0]
C or G
[0, �, �, 0]
A or T
[�, 0, 0, �]
A or G
PuRine
[�, 0, �, 0]
C or T
pYrimidine
[0, �, 0, �]
A or C
aMino group
[�, �, 0, 0]
G or T
Keto group
[0, 0, �, �]
C or G or T
Not A
[0, ⅓, ⅓, ⅓]
A or G or T
Not C
[⅓, 0, ⅓, ⅓]
A or C or T
Not G
[⅓, ⅓, 0, ⅓]
A or C or G
[⅓, ⅓, ⅓, 0]
A, C, G or T
aNy base
[�, �, �, �]
Table 3.1. Degenerate nucleotide code.
The sites bound by these factors exhibit sequence similarities that reveal the binding specificity of each factor, and can be represented in a regulatory motif.� Representations for these motifs range from consensus sequences listing the nucleotides involved in binding, to weight matrices and graphical models. Consensus sequences or sequence profiles are the simplest such representation, giving a list of possible bases for each position in the bound site.� Some positions are strict and require the presence of a particular nucleotide, others allow for degeneracies.� These can be represented compactly using the IUB standard one-letter code (Table 3.1).� More complex representations can be used allowing for more detail in the binding specificity.��������� A weight matrix representation of a motif of length L assigns weight vector wi = [wA, wC, wG, wT] to every position i between 1 and L.� The binding strength of a sequence can be scored against a weight matrix by simply adding up the corresponding scores for each position.� In a probabilistic framework, the weights can represent the relative frequencies of each nucleotide in real motifs, multiplying across the corresponding weights gives the probability that a sequence s matches the motif represented by m.� Alternatively, if log probabilities are used instead, summing across the matrix gives the corresponding log probability.� This probability can be compared to the probability of obtaining s by chance, to obtain a log-likelihood ratio that the sequence matches the motif.� Both consensus sequences and weight matrices model the binding contributions of nucleotide position as independent.� More complex Bayesian representations for motifs can be used to capture pairwise and multiple dependencies between positions.� As the models become more complex however, the increased power comes at a cost, increasing the number of parameters and possibly overfitting data.
Transcription factors have evolved different ways to contact the DNA double helix, and these are reflected in different types of regulatory motifs.� Some factors make one long contact with the DNA helix recognizing between 6 and 8 positions, some of which can be degenerate.� One such example is the Mbp1 transcription factor involved in the timing of events such as DNA replication during cell division and recognizes the motif ACGCGT.� Other factors contact the DNA at two different points, resulting in motifs with two cores, separated by a stretch of unspecified bases.� For example, the binding site recognized by Abf1, a general transcription factor involved in silencing and replication, recognizes the motif RTCRYNNNNNACGR.� The DNA-binding domains of other factors are made of two identical parts (and hence called homodimers), contacting each other and each contacting the DNA helix.� The two parts recognize identical sequences, but on opposite strands, and hence result in motifs that are reverse palindromes of themselves.� One such example is the Gal4 factor involved in galactose metabolism, recognizing CGGNNNNNNNNNNNCCG, namely CGG on one strand spaced by 11 nucleotides (one full turn of the double helix) from its reverse complement, CCG.
3.3. Extracting signal from noise
Computationally, discovering regulatory motifs amounts to extracting signal from noise.� When the motifs searched are expected to be more frequent than other patterns of the same length, one can apply discovery algorithms such as Expectation Maximization (EM) or Gibbs sampling (and others reviewed in ref 9).� These were pioneered by Lawrence and coworkers47, and made popular in software programs like MEME7,48, AlignACE8,49,50 or BioProspector51.� More recent work has extended these methods to incorporate phylogenetic footprinting45,52-54. These methods separate the motif discovery problem in two sub-problems.� (1) Given a set of starting coordinates i1, �, in in each of the sequences, construct the optimal matrix representation for a motif that starts at each of these positions.� (2) Given a matrix representation for a motif m, find the starting positions of the best matches for that motif in each of the sequences.� These algorithms start with a random assignment for the start positions and infers the best matrix, then iterates to improve the assignment of start positions to better match the motif.� EM algorithms choose the optimal assignment for each of these rounds of iteration.� Gibbs sampling algorithms instead sample amidst the best start positions.� Both algorithms converge as long as the motif searched is actually frequent in the sequences searched, since probabilistically, the algorithms will be likely to sample these motifs in their iterative steps, and upon sampling them will converge to include them.
These methods have typically been applied to the upstream sequences of small sets of genes, but are not applicable to a genome-wide discovery.� Instead, k-mer counting methods have been used to find short sequences that occur more frequently in intergenic regions, as compared to coding regions in a genome-wide fashion43.� However, these typically find very degenerate sequences (such as poly-A or poly-T) and have shown limited power to separate regulatory motifs from the mostly non-functional intergenic regions. �This is largely due to the small number of functional instances of regulatory motifs, as compared to the large number of non-functional nucleotides.� The discovery of regulatory motifs still relies heavily on extensive experimentation.
Comparative genomics provides a powerful way to distinguish regulatory motifs from non-functional patterns based on their conservation.� In this chapter we first study conservation properties of known regulatory motifs.� We use these to construct three tests to detect the genome-wide signature of motif-like conservation.� We use these tests to detect all significant patterns with strong genome-wide conservation, constructing a list of 72 genome-wide motifs.� We compare this list against previously identified regulatory motifs and show that our method has high sensitivity and specificity, detecting most previously known regulatory motifs, but also a similar number of novel motifs.� In chapter 4, we assign candidate functions to these novel motifs, and in chapter 5, we study their combinatorial interactions.
3.4. Conservation properties of known regulatory motifs
We first studied the binding site for one of the best studied transcription factors, Gal4, whose sequence motif is CGG(N)11CCG (which contains 11 unspecified bases). Gal4 regulates genes involved in galactose utilization, including the GAL1 and GAL10 genes that are divergently transcribed from a common intergenic region (Figure 3.2). The Gal4 motif occurs three times in this intergenic region, and all three instances show perfect conservation across the four species. In addition, there is a fourth, experimentally validated binding site55 for Gal4 that differs from the consensus by one nucleotide in S. cerevisiae. This variant site is also perfectly preserved across the species.
We then examined the frequency and conservation of Gal4 binding sites across the aligned genomes (Figure 3.3).� In S. cerevisiae, the Gal4 motif occurs 96 times in intergenic regions and 415 times in genic (protein coding) regions. The motif displays certain striking conservation properties.� First, occurrences of the Gal4 motif in intergenic regions have a conservation rate (proportion conserved across all four species) that is ~5-fold higher than for equivalent random motifs (12.5% vs. 2.4%). Second, intergenic occurrences of the Gal4 motif are more frequently conserved than genic occurrences (12.5% vs. 3%). By contrast, random motifs are less frequently conserved in intergenic regions than genic regions (3.1% vs. 7.0%), reflecting the lower overall level of conservation in intergenic regions. Thus, the relative conservation rate in intergenic vs. genic regions is ~11-fold higher for Gal4 than for than random motifs. Third, the Gal4 motif shows a higher conservation rate in divergent vs. convergent intergenic regions (those that lie upstream vs. downstream of both flanking genes); no such preferences is seen for control motifs. These three observations suggest various ways to discover motifs based on their conservation properties (see conservation criteria below).
We extended these observations by assembling a catalog of 55 known regulatory sequence motifs (Table 3.4), by starting with two public databases (SCPD56,57 and YTFD58) and curating the entries to select those with the best support in the literature.� We defined a Motif Conservation Score (MCS) based on the conservation rate of the motif in intergenic regions.� To evaluate the Motif Conservation Score (MCS) of a motif m of given length and degeneracy, we compared its conservation ratio� to that of random patterns of the same length and degeneracy.� We first computed the table F containing the relative frequencies of two-fold and three-fold degenerate bases, given the S. cerevisiae nucleotide frequencies (.32 for A and T, .18 for C and G).� For example, W=[AT] (.32*.32) is a more likely two-fold degenerate base than Y=[CT] (.18*.32).� We then selected 20 random intergenic loci in S. cerevisiae.� For each of these loci, we used the order of nucleotides at that locus together with the order of degeneracy levels in m to construct a random motif.� If the first character of m was two-fold degenerate and the first nucleotide at the selected locus was A, we picked a two-fold degenerate base containing A (W, R or M), their relative frequencies dictated by F, and continued for every character of m.� We then counted conserved and non-conserved instances of each of the 20 generated control patterns and computed r, the log-average of their conservation rates.� We then counted the number of conserved and non-conserved intergenic instances of m, and computed the binomial probability p of observing the two counts, given r.� We finally reported the MCS of the motif as a z-score corresponding to p, the number of standard deviations away from the mean of a normal distribution that corresponds to tail area p.� Nearly all of these sequence motifs are binding sites of known transcription factors.� Most of the known motifs show extremely strong conservation, with 60% having MCS ≥ 4 (which is substantially higher than expected by chance). Some of the motifs, however, show relatively modest MCS. These motifs may be incorrect, suboptimal or not well conserved.
3.5. Genome-wide motif discovery
Our methodology for genome-wide motif discovery involves first identifying conserved mini-motifs and then using these to construct full motifs (Figure 3.5).� Mini-motifs are sequences of the form XYZn(0-21)UVW, consisting of two triplets of specified bases interrupted by a fixed number (from 0 to 21) of unspecified bases. Examples are TAGGAT, ATAnnGGC, or the Gal4 motif itself. The total number of distinct mini-motifs is 45,760, if reverse complements are grouped together.�
Conserved mini-motifs are evaluated according to three conservation criteria (CC1-3), based on our observations about the properties of the Gal4 motif. In each case, conservation rates are normalized to appropriate random controls. CC1 (Intergenic conservation) evaluates the conservation rate of a mini-motif in intergenic regions. CC2 (Intergenic-genic conservation) evaluates the stronger conservation in intergenic regions as compared to genic regions.� CC3 (Upstream-downstream conservation) evaluates the different conservation of a mini-motif when it occurs upstream vs. downstream of a gene.
CC1:� Intergenic conservation.� We searched for mini-motifs that show a significant conservation in intergenic regions.� For every mini-motif, we counted ic the number of perfectly conserved intergenic instances in all four species, and i the total number of intergenic instances in S.cerevisiae.� We found that the two counts seem linearly related for the large majority of patterns (Figure 3.5 panel A), which can be attributed to a basal level of conservation r given the total evolutionary distance that separates the four species compared.� We estimated the ratio r as the log-average of non-outlier instances of ic/i within a control set of all motifs at a given gap size.� We then calculated for every motif the binomial probability p of observing ic successes out of i trials, given parameter r.� We assigned a z-score S to every motif corresponding to probability p.� This score is positive if the motif is conserved more frequently than random, and negative if the motif is diverged more frequently than random.� We found that the distribution of scores is symmetric around zero for the vast majority of motifs.� The right tail of the distribution however is much further than the left tail, containing 1190 motifs more than 5 sigma away from the mean, as compared to 25 motifs for the left tail.� By comparing the two counts, we estimated that 94% of these 1190 motifs are non-random in their conservation enrichment.�
CC2:� Intergenic-genic conservation. We searched for motifs that are preferentially conserved in intergenic regions, as compared to coding regions.� In addition to ic and i (see previous section), we counted the number of conserved coding instances gc, and the number of total coding instances g, for every mini-motif.� We observed the ratio of conserved instances that are intergenic a=ic/(ic+gc), and compared it to the total ratio of motif instances that are intergenic b=i/(i+g).� Not surprisingly, we found that typically b=25% of all motif instances appeared in intergenic regions, which account for roughly 25% of the yeast genome.� Similarly, only a=10% of conserved motif instances appeared in intergenic regions, which reflects the lower conservation of intergenic regions.� To correct for this typical depletion in intergenic conservation, we estimated a correction factor f=a/b for mini-motifs of similar GC-content.� Then for a given mini-motif, the proportion of all instances found in intergenic regions and the correction for the lower conservation of intergenic regions together gave us r=f*i/(i+g), the expected ratio of conserved intergenic instances for that motif.� We evaluated the binomial probability p of of observing at least ic conserved instances in intergenic regions and ic+gc conserved instances overall, given the expected ratio r.� As in CC1, we computed a z-score S for every motif and found a distribution centered around zero for the large majority of motifs, and a heavier right tail.� We selected 1110 motifs above 5 sigma and estimated that 97% are non-random as compared to only 39 motifs below -5 sigma.
CC3:� Upstream-downstream conservation.� We searched for motifs that are differentially conserved in upstream regions and downstream regions.� We defined upstream-only intergenic regions in divergent promoters that are upstream of both flanking ORFs, and downstream-only intergenic regions in convergent 3� terminators that are downstream of both flanking ORFs.� We then counted uc and u, the conserved and total counts in upstream-only regions, and similarly dc and d in downstream-only regions.� We found that upstream-only and downstream-only regions have similar conservation rates, and the ratios uc/u and dc/d are both similar to ic/i for the large majority of motifs.� We thus used a simple chi-square contingency test on the four counts (uc,u,dc,d) to find motifs that are differentially conserved.� We found 1089 mini-motifs with a chi-square value of 10.83 or greater, which corresponds to a p-value of .001.� Given the multiple testing of 45760 mini-motifs, we estimated that roughly 46 will show such a score by chance and that 96% of the selected motifs will be non-random.
The conserved mini-motifs are then used to construct full motifs (Figure 3.5). They are first extended, by searching for nearby sequence positions showing significant correlation with a mini-motif. The extended motifs are then clustered, merging those with substantially overlapping sequences and those that tend to occur in the same intergenic regions. Finally, a full motif is created by deriving a consensus sequence (which may be degenerate). Motifs are typically degenerate, and a single full-motif can be responsible for multiple strong mini-motifs.� We now describe methods to recover the full motifs and their degeneracy.
We extended each mini-motif selected by searching for surrounding bases that are preferentially conserved when the motif is conserved.� We used an iterative approach adding at every iteration one base that maximally discriminates the neighborhood of conserved motif instances from the neighborhood of non-conserved motif instances.� The added base was selected from fourteen degenerate symbols of the IUB code (A, C, G, T, S, W, R, Y, M, K, B, D, H, V).� When no such symbol separated the conserved and non-conserved instances with significance above 3 sigma, we terminated the extension.� Figure 3.5 panel D shows the top-scoring mini-motif found in CC1 (Row 1), and the corresponding extension (Row 2).� We found that many mini-motifs have the same or similar extensions, and we grouped these based on sequence similarity.� We measured the similarity between two motifs as the number of bits in common in the best ungapped
alignment of the two motifs, divided by the minimum number of bits contained in either motif.� Based on the pairwise motif similarity matrix, we clustered the extended motifs hierarchically, collapsing two groups if the average similarity between their member motifs was at least 70%.� We then computed a consensus sequence for every cluster of extended motifs, resulting into a smaller number of mega-motifs for each test (332 for CC1, 269 for CC2 and 285 for CC3).� Row 3 shows the first 9 members of the top cluster in CC1, and the resulting mega-motif.� Finally, we merged mega-motifs based on their co-occurrence in the same intergenic regions (Row 4).� We computed a hypergeometric co-occurrence score between the intergenic regions hit by each mega-motif and again collapsed these hierarchically.� We computed a consensus for every cluster, and iterated the co-occurrence-based collapsing step (results not shown).� We obtained fewer than 200 distinct genome-wide motifs.� Each full motif is assessed for genome-wide conservation by calculating its MCS, and those motifs with MCS ≥ 4 are retained.� Each full motif was also tested for enrichment in upstream vs. downstream regions, by comparing its conservation rate in divergent vs. convergent intergenic regions.
3.7. Results and comparison to known motifs
The vast majority of the 45,760 possible mini-motifs show no distinctive conservation pattern. However, ~2400 mini-motifs show high scores by one or more of these criteria (Figure 3.5 panels A, B, C). There is substantial overlap among the mini-motifs produced by the three criteria, with about 50% of those found by one criterion also found by another.
The conserved mini-motifs give rise to a list of 72 full motifs having MCS ≥ 4 (Table 3.6). We omit full motifs with low MCS scores, and those that overlap tRNA genes and may be due to secondary RNA structure.� Most of the motifs show preferential enrichment upstream of genes, but six are enriched downstream of genes.� These 72 discovered motifs, found with no prior biological knowledge, show strong overlap with 28 of the 33 known motifs having MCS ≥ 4. They include 27 strong matches and 1 weaker match.� The 72 discovered motifs also contain matches to 8 of the 22 known motifs with MCS < 4. In these cases, the comparative analysis identified closely related motifs that have higher conservation scores than the known motifs and occur largely at the same genes; these may represent a better description of the true regulatory element.� Comparative genomic analysis thus automatically discovered 36 motifs with matches to most of the known motifs (65% of the full set, 85% of those with high conservation). It also identified 42 additional �novel� motifs not found in our list of known motifs.� In the next chapter, we develop methods to understand these novel motifs and assign a candidate function to each of them.�
3.8. Conclusion
Motif discovery amounts to extracting small sequence signals hidden within largely non-functional intergenic sequences.� This problem is difficult in a single genome where the signal-to-noise ratio is very small.� Previous methods have thus been limited to discovering motifs within small sets of genomic regions.� We have conducted a genome-wide exhaustive search for all regulatory motifs.� We produced a list of 72 strongly conserved motifs, that includes most previously identified motifs.� This ability to directly discover regulatory motifs drastically changes our view of gene regulation. Instead of a case-by-case study, we can now observe complete views of all regulatory building blocks.� Our method has re-discovered most previously known regulatory motifs without use of any prior biological function.� It should theoretically be applicable to any genome for which no experimental data is available.� Additionally, in yeast, we can use the biological information to discover the function of the discovered motifs.� We can also use biological function to discover additional motifs.� These two goals will be the topic of the next chapter.�
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Android - News
Motorola XOOM Honeycomb Powered Tablet
January 09, 2011 | By Unknown | No Comment
"Motorola XOOM" is the company's first offering to the Android 3.0 Honeycomb Tablet family, powered by an impressive spec-...
"Motorola XOOM" is the company's first offering to the Android 3.0 Honeycomb Tablet family, powered by an impressive spec-sheet including a Dual-core 1 GHz processor (total of 2 GHz processing power), 1 GB internal RAM, 10.1-inch widescreen HD display, Gorilla Glass, 4G LTE upgradeable, dual-camera with rear-flash, HDMI and DLNA.
Motorola XOOM Press Release
LAS VEGAS and BASKING RIDGE, N.J. – CES –Jan. 5, 2011 – Verizon Wireless and Motorola Mobility, Inc. (NYSE: MMI), today unveiled the innovative new tablet Motorola XOOM™ − the first device on Google’s new Android 3.0 Honeycomb operating system designed from the ground up for tablets. The Honeycomb user experience improves on Android favorites such as widgets, multi-tasking, browsing, notifications and customization and features the latest Google Mobile innovations. Boasting a dual core processor with each core running at 1 GHz, delivering up to two GHz of processing power, and 10.1-inch widescreen HD display, Motorola XOOM gives Verizon Wireless customers a new type of mobile computing experience on a stylishly thin device that is 4G LTE upgradeable.
Motorola XOOM redefines the tablet device category by providing more ways to have fun, connect with friends and stay productive on the go. It allows consumers to experience HD content right on the device, supports 1080p HD video and HDMI output to display content on larger HD screens, and plays video and other rich web content seamlessly with Adobe® Flash® Player. Motorola XOOM features a front-facing 2-megapixel camera for video chats over Wi-Fi or 3G/4G LTE, as well as a rear-facing 5-megapixel camera that captures video in 720p HD. It delivers console-like gaming performance on its 1280×800 display, and features a built-in gyroscope, barometer, e-compass, accelerometer and adaptive lighting for new types of applications. It also features Google Maps 5.0 with 3D interaction and delivers access to over 3 million Google eBooks and thousands of apps from Android Market™.
For working on the go, Motorola XOOM provides constant connectivity − including connecting to Gmail or Exchange email; opening and editing documents, spreadsheets and presentations; and viewing calendars and sending out appointments or meeting notices – with mobile broadband speeds. Its mobile hotspot capability provides an online connection for up to five other Wi-Fi-enabled devices.
“Motorola XOOM is a powerful addition to Verizon’s product lineup and builds on our combined leadership with Motorola to deliver innovative mobile devices and service on the Android platform,” said Marni Walden, vice president and chief marketing officer for Verizon Wireless. “Motorola XOOM gives consumers complete access and control of their favorite personal content and work files whether through our nationwide 3G network, or through our lightning-fast 4G LTE network as it rolls out around the country.”
“Light, powerful and fundamentally different than anything else on the market, Motorola XOOM leverages the very best technology available today to redefine what a tablet experience can be,” said Bill Ogle, chief marketing officer of Motorola Mobility. “The first device to feature software designed specifically for tablets, Motorola XOOM goes everywhere you do and delivers everything you need.”
The Motorola XOOM device will launch as a 3G/Wi-Fi-enabled device in Q1 2011 with an upgrade to 4G LTE in Q2. Starting in Q2 2011 the Motorola XOOM will be a 4G LTE/Wi-Fi- enabled device.
For more information about Verizon Wireless at CES please visit www.verizonwireless.com/ces or follow us on twitter at www.twitter.com/verizonwireless. For more information about the Motorola XOOM please visit www.verizonwireless.com/xoom.
By Unknown At: January 09, 2011
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Wildlife Artist James Hautman. Winner of three Federal Duck Stamp competitions, Minnesota wildlife artist James Hautman has established himself as one of the most dynamic and exciting talents to emerge from today's new generation of wildlife artists. Accuracy, attention to detail and dramatic impact are what set Jim Hautman's art work apart from others. These propelled him along an award-winning career path. Jim Hautman's work has been displayed in the Oval Office of the White House, the Smithsonian Institution, the Leigh Yawkey Woodson Art Museum and in public and private collections throughout the world. In 1990 he became the youngest ever artist to win the Federal Duck stamp contest. He won again in 1995 when his mallard painting received the first ever perfect score of 25. In 1998, Jim tied his own record by winning the 1999-2000 Federal Duck Stamp with another perfect score. In 1991, he was commissioned by the Australian government to paint their Federal Duck Stamp, and was named Ducks Unlimited International Artist of the Year. In 1996, a life-sized stature of the artist at work was put on permanent display in the Smithsonian Institution's National Postal Museum in Washington, D.C. Jim Hautmans artwork, his name and a likeness of his studio were used in the Academy Award winning movie "Fargo." Jim comes from a large, artistic family of nine which includes a sister, mother, and two brothers who are also professional artists. Between the three brothers they have won the Federal Duck Stamp competition 8 times in 1990,1992,1995,1997,1999,2001,2002, and 2008 respectively. JAMES MURRAY HAUTMAN (1964 - ) On November 7, 1989, a piece of federal duck stamp history was rewritten. James Murray Hautman, age 25, became the youngest artist, at the time, to win the coveted award. In a dramatic tie-breaking vote, his entry of a pair of black-bellied whistling ducks edged out Rick Kelley's rendition of a lone red-breasted merganser. Prior to his federal victory, Jim already had a fine start on his career in wildlife art. His paintings had been published in limited edition print form by Wild Wings, Lake City, Minnesota, and his originals were selling regularly through Lowertown Gallery, St. Paul, Minnesota and Meadow Creek Gallery, Wayzata, Minnesota. He had won three state duck stamp contests: the 1988 Delaware, 1988 Nevada, and the 1989 Minnesota. Since his federal coup, he has been selected to design the 1990 Australian duck stamp and the 1991 Minnesota pheasant stamp twice. Jim, the youngest of seven children, was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota, on April 23, 1964, to Elaine and Thomas Hautman. Thomas was an attorney, and Elaine doubled as housewife and commercial artist. Thomas also had an interest in art; therefore, both parents encouraged all of the children to develop their artistic skills. The end result is that Jim and his brother, Bob, are both career artists; his brother, Joe, a physicist, paints part time; another brother, Mark, is a carpenter and carves as a profitable hobby. Jim's sister, Amy, is also a painter and owns her own gallery. Jim attended St. Louis Park High School in St. Louis Park, Minnesota, where he was a member of the ski team. Although Jim is soft-spoken and laid-back to the point of seeming shy, he is a tough competitor. Besides skiing in a league, he plays forward on a hockey team two or three times a week. As a testimony to his skill as a skier and skater, he has had no broken bones and he still has all his teeth. Shortly after his design won the federal contest, he and his brothers, Bob and Joe, traveled to Kodiak Island, Alaska, for a duck hunt. The purpose was to acquire as many of the five species of ducks which were eligible for the 1991 contest. Alaskan guides are accustomed to providing all of the necessary equipment for big game hunters, but hunters who travel to Alaska solely for ducks are a rarity, and the guides tend to be ill-equipped and somewhat ignorant of this type of hunting. On one particularly windy day, Jim, his two brothers, and their guide boarded a nine-foot rubber raft equipped with an outboard motor and ventured onto an ocean of heavy swells. As usual, the shooting was good, but the guide had neglected to supply paddles or oars. Suddenly, the fuel line on the motor froze and with no paddles, the off-shore wind and current began taking their little craft toward the open ocean. Jim thought that their next stop would be Siberia, but after 15 minutes which seemed like an hour, the guide managed to thaw the fuel line and head the raft back to U.S. soil. Jim always had an interest in wildlife, but a brush with falconry really set the hook to the point where his thirst for more knowledge of animals and their environment is never satisfied. In 1980 he captured a kestrel and began training it for falconry. All went well, but after about two months, he decided that both he and the bird would be better off if he released it. The experience of being so close to a wild creature over an extended period of time left him with an intimacy with wild animals that most people never experience. Jim and Bob Hautman used to share a house in a semi-rural area where each had his own studio. Many kinds of wild animals visit their backyard where the brothers supply food for them all year long. Much of their reference for paintings is derived from observing and photographing the myriad of wildlife right there on their property. Jim's plans for the future are somewhat loose, but travelling to faraway places such as Africa and Australia are definitely among them. His future looks very bright. On February 4, 1995, Jim wed the former Dorothy Deas. Jim and Dorothy met immediately after he won the contest the first time. She worked for the Fish and Wildlife Service in Washington, DC, and mutual attraction was immediate. Many air miles were logged between Minnesota and Washington during this long-distance romance. Although she doesn't hunt, Dorothy is right at home around guns and enjoys her turn at trap and skeet. She also shares Jim's love of fishing and, in fact, has a lot more experience at saltwater fishing than Jim has. She grew up in southern Alabama on the Gulf of Mexico and has spent many hours chasing big game fish. Jim has recently taken up saltwater fishing, and he and Dorothy have plans to do quite a bit of it. In turn Jim is teaching his southern born wife a northern sport - skiing. Jim is an accomplished downhill skier, and in time he and Dorothy will share the exhilaration of racing at breakneck speed over a layer of new powder on some of the best mountains that the American west has to offer. Jim Hautman seems to enjoy nearly every aspect of the outdoors: he plays ice hockey the year around in three different leagues, skies in Jackson Hole whenever he gets the opportunity, fishes and plays golf in the summer (his handicap is a very respectable 7.7) and hunts deer and birds in the fall. One of his most memorable trips was a month-long sojourn by himself in his Suburban. Starting in Minnesota in the fall he fished and hunted pheasants in South Dakota, fished and photographed in Wyoming, fished in Colorado, met Dorothy in New Mexico where they fished together, then on to Texas for a quail hunt and finished with a duck hunt in Arkansas. On the return to Minnesota he stopped for a short visit with friend and fellow artist, Al Agnew, where they hunted for Indian artifacts. He has started a collection of artifacts but only those he finds himself. Jim credits Wildlife artist Bruce Miller, designer of the 1993-94 federal duck stamp, for getting him hooked onto saltwater fly-fishing. After Bruce won the federal contest, Jim, Bruce, Jim's brother Bob, and Bruce's brother went to the Cayman Islands for bonefish. It was Jim's first try at saltwater fly-fishing, but he fell in love with it. He has since been to Belize twice (once with Dorothy), and he has managed to land both bonefish and permit on a fly rod. Jim Hautman's talent is not limited to duck stamps, ducks, or even to wildlife. He's been very successful with his paintings of American Indians. Most of his works involve landscapes as well as the individual people. He's executed paintings of the Nez Perce, Cheyenne, and Blackfeet. Interacting with the various tribal members has afforded Jim an alternate outlook on many issues. Several of his Indian paintings have been reproduced as limited edition prints. For the year following the duck stamp contest, the winning artist's life is controlled largely by the mandatory personal appearances and the obligations as set forth in the contest rules. Along with that comes the printing and signing of the prints, remarques, and licensing of the design for commercial uses. For those twelve months, the artist is under pressure from all angles. Jim has several "release valves" for reducing the pressure. One of the major ones is playing poker. He has found that the concentration necessary for good poker playing is relaxing and he can temporarily forget the pressure created by winning the duck stamp contest. Apparently, he has what it takes to be a good player, for he has competed in several tournaments and has played in Las Vegas. His other outlets include hockey, hunting, fishing, and a game called bandy. Bandy is a European game similar to hockey. In indoor bandy the equipment is slightly different, but it enlists the same number of players, and the positions are the same as hockey. Jim plays wing position on Team Rowbike, the team which won the North American Indoor Bandy championship. He was also chosen in 1998 to be on Team USA which competed against Sweden, Finland, and Russia for the Viking Bandy Cup in Finland. The teams traveled throughout Finland all summer, and the team members experienced European hospitality and customs to the fullest. Jim Hautman art prints for sale. James Hautman wildlife art and Duck art prints for sale. Jim Hautman original paintings and wildlife art prints for sale.
New Autumn Beauty - Ruffed Grouse By Jim Hautman
New Cardinals And Cedar By James Hautman
New Rail Birds 2 - Song Birds By Jim Hautman
New Running Bucks - Whitetail Deer Original Painting By Jim Hautman
New Scarlet Tanager - Original Painting By Jim Hautman
Pine Martin - New Original Painting By Jim Hautman
At The Crossing - Whitetail Deer Original Painting By Jim Hautman
Autumn Whitetails By Jim Hautman
Back Forty - Pheasants By Jim Hautman
Back Forty - Pheasants By Jim Hautman Framed
Big Thunder - Buffleheads By Jim Hautman
Black Bay Moose By Jim Hautman
Blackfoot Village By Jim Hautman
Bluebills - Original Painting By Jim Hautman
Bluebird And Morning Glory By Jim Hautman
Bluebird Pair By Jim Hautman
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New Autumn Beauty - Ruffed Grouse By Jim Hautman New Cardinals And Cedar By James Hautman New Rail Birds 2 - Song Birds By Jim Hautman New Running Bucks - Whitetail Deer Original Painting By Jim Hautman New Scarlet Tanager - Original Painting By Jim Hautman Pine Martin - New Original Painting By Jim Hautman At The Crossing - Whitetail Deer Original Painting By Jim Hautman Autumn Whitetails By Jim Hautman Back Forty - Pheasants By Jim Hautman Back Forty - Pheasants By Jim Hautman Framed Big Thunder - Buffleheads By Jim Hautman Black Bay Moose By Jim Hautman Blackfoot Village By Jim Hautman Bluebills - Original Painting By Jim Hautman Bluebird And Morning Glory By Jim Hautman Bluebird Pair By Jim Hautman Bluebird Pair By Jim Hautman Framed Bluebirds And Blossoms By Jim Hautman Breaking Cover - Whitetail Deer By Jim Hautman Busting Out - Pheasants By James Hautman Cactus Quail - Bobwhite Quail And English Pointer By Jim Hautman Call Of The Wild - Original Painting By Jim Hautman Cardinal And Birch By Jim Hautman Cardinal Pair - Color Study - Original Painting By Jim Hautman Cardinals And Birch I I By Jim Hautman Chance Encounter - Red Fox By Jim Hautman Cheyenne Village By Jim Hautman Chickadees - Original Painting By Jim Hautman Chickadees And Holly By Jim Hautman Cypress Swamp Mallards By Jim Hautman Early Birds - Greater Scaup By Jim Hautman Early Birds - Greater Scaup By Jim Hautman Framed Facing The Challenge - Elk By Jim Hautman Original Painting Feathered Friends - Black Capped Chickadees By Jim Hautman Feathered Friends By Jim Hautman Framed Black Goya Feathered Friends By Jim Hautman Framed Print Female Cardinal - Original Painting By Jim Hautman First Light - Canvasbacks By Jim Hautman First Light - Canvasbacks Framed By Jim Hautman Fisherman's Paradise - Slate Falls Outposts By Jim Hautman Fisherman's Paradise - Walleye And Float Plane By Jim Hautman Framed Driftwood Fisherman's Paradise - Walleye By Jim Hautman Framed Forgotten Forty - Pheasants By Jim Hautman Fowl Weather - Canvasbacks By Jim Hautman Gathering Storm - Loons By Jim Hautman Grizzly Country - Grizzly Bear By Jim Hautman Howlin' In The Moonlight - Wolves By Jim Hautman Hummingbird And Nasturtiums By Jim Hautman King Of Spring - Wild Turkey By Jim Hautman Lakota Village By Jim Hautman Let's Go - Yellow Lab Puppy By James Hautman Local Legend - Whitetail Deer By Jim Hautman Lone Wolf By James Hautman Male Cardinal - Original Painting By Jim Hautman Mallards At Sundown By Jim Hautman Memory Lane - Pheasants By Jim Hautman Memory Lane By Jim Hautman Framed Moose Country - Original Painting By Jim Hautman Northern Explorers - Black Bear By Jim Hautman Northern Explorers - Black Bears By Jim Hautman Custom Framed On The Move - Wolves By Jim Hautman On The Ridge - Mule Deer By Jim Hautman Pelican By Jim Hautman Prime Time - Whitetail Deer Original Painting By Jim Hautman Quiet Pool - Woodducks By Jim Hautman Rail Birds - Song Birds By Jim Hautman Red Pine And Chickadees By Jim Hautman Rocky Shallows - Loons By Jim Hautman Ruffed Grouse Morning By Jim Hautman Running Wild - Timberwolves - Original Painting By Jim Hautman Rusty Cover - Bobwhite Quail By Jim Hautman Sanderling & Sea Shells By Jim Hautman Secret Spot - Wood Ducks By Jim Hautman Secret Spot - Wood Ducks By Jim Hautman Framed Secret Spot - Woodducks By Jim Hautman Framed Charcoal Antica Secret Spot - Woodducks By Jim Hautman Framed Chestnut Antica Shelter Belt - Pheasants By James Hautman Spring Meadow - Bluebirds By Jim Hautman Spring Meadow - Goldfinch By James Hautman Spring Thaw - Trumpeter Swan By Jim Hautman Stamp 1988 Nevada Duck Stamp Print - Canvasbacks By Jim Hautman Stamp 1990 Austrailian Duck Stamp Print - Chestnut Teal By Jim Hautman Stamp 1993 Texas Duck Stamp Print - Blue Winged Teal By Jim Hautman Stamp 1994 Texas Quail Stamp And Print - Bobwhite By Jim Hautman Stamp 1995 - 1996 Federal Duck Stamp And Print By Jim Hautman Custom Framed Stamp 1996 Minnesota Duck Stamp Print - Bluebills By Jim Hautman Stamp 1996 Minnesota Duck Stamp Print By Jim Hautman - Custom Framed (Tuscany) Stamp 1997 Minnesota Turkey Stamp By Jim Hautman Stamp 1997 Texas Duck Stamp And Print - Cinnamon Teal By Jim Hautman Stamp 1998 Texas Turkey Stamp And Print By Jim Hautman Stamp 1999 Texas Non Game Stamp - Ibis Pair By Jim Hautman Stamp 2002 New Jersey Duck Stamp - Colors Of Fall By Jim Hautman Stamp 2006 Texas Game Bird Stamp And Print - Bobwhite Quail By Jim Hautman Summertime Loons By Jim Hautman Sundown At Delta Marsh - Mallards By Jim Hautman Framed Sundown At Delta Marsh - Mallards By Jim Hautman The Hautman Brothers Through The Aspens - Elk By Jim Hautman Tom Turkey - Original Painting By James Hautman Vantage Point - Cougar By Jim Hautman Winter Snowfall - Chickadee By Jim Hautman Winter Snowfall - Chickadee By Jim Hautman Framed Winter Waters - Mallards By Jim Hautman Wolf Pack By Jim Hautman Wood Ducks Original By Jim Hautman
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Alexa increased our online listening by 7 times… but she is a trojan horse #RadioAsia
Sunday 15 July, 2018
Austrian CHR station KroneHit gained a seven fold increase in online listening when Alexa was introduced to the Austrian market, according to Programmer Rudiger Landgraf.
He tells Steve Ahern what he has learnt about smart speakers.
By default, Alexa usually pulls your radio stream from TuneIn, which is easy for the radio station, but could be disadvantageous in the long term. If stations really want more control of their own audio feeds on Alexa, they need to build a ‘skill’ of their own, so that Alexa will know how to find the station, he advises. KroneHIT is currently working on its own ‘skill.’
Another issue with Alexa and other smart speaker devices is that they do not provide very transparent statistics and stations cannot use those stats to sell their own advertising. Alexa is owned by Amazon.
“Amazon doesn’t allow you to target on Alexa… you don’t get the data to target advertisers on the platform,” said Landgraf.
An unexpected problem that has recently arisen relates to the new GDPR privacy rules in Europe. If you want to interact with a station through Alexa, you need to gain permission under the GDPR rules. “If Alexa started to read everything out it would take one hour…. not good!” KroneHIT has overcome this problem by sending its listeners a Terms and Conditions text message and confirmation link.
Taking its understanding of audience habits on smartphones and smart speakers one step further, KroneHit did research with a panel of listeners to find out just what they wanted from a radio app.
“The big thing we discovered when comparing pure play music services with radio was that people liked the fact that streaming services such as Spotify and Pandora don’t drop out too frequently, but radio services do… We wanted to come up with a technology that combined the best of both worlds.”
KroneHIT’s new app buffers at least 20 seconds of audio when it loads, so that if reception is lost, the signal will keep running until it returns. This buffering builds up further over time, providing the same pre-load reliability that streaming services have.
The KroneHIT app also has a controversial feature as far as many radio people are concerned - listeners can skip songs (but not advertisements).
From its research, the station conducted that the next most popular feature of music streaming apps was the ability to skip songs you don’t like. Listeners can swipe the song away and it will be replaced with another one. The system will buffer at the end of the original song in the live radio stream and then fade back to the announcer when the listener’s chosen song is finished.
“Usage figures are going up at about 15% each year,” according to Landgraf.
Ridiger Landgraf was in Kazakhstan for the Media2020 and Radio Asia Conferences.
Rudiger Landgraf
STeve Ahern Radio Asia
Country Kazakhstan
Big data can bring big money #RadioAsia
Radioplayer is gathering data from the many radio stations that are...
Legendary Chinese presenter Yu Fang retires after 47 years
Yu Fang, China’s national presenter for forty-seven years, recently...
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The John Wayne Walding 400 at the Brickyard
I didn’t watch much of the pre-race show, I admit. I did watch some of it. But I am wondering if they mentioned WHY the Brickyard 400 was called Crown Royal Presents The John Wayne Walding 400 at the Brickyard? I know I mentioned it when the name was announced but it seemed to me that it wasn’t mentioned at during the parts of pre-race that I watched. Just a quick FYI from my original post, John Wayne Walding is a highly decorated Green Beret from Texas who lost the lower part of his leg during a firefight in overseas in 2008 (for more information about John Wayne Walding see my original post) Any way- I wanted to take a couple minutes before we talk about Tony Stewart’s run and share some photos of John Wayne Walding (for the record- that is a cool name) experience at The Brickyard on Sunday:
Green Beret John Wayne Walding enjoying his experience at Indianapolis Motor Speedway for the race that bares his name in July 2014. (Photo by Marianna Massey/Getty Images for Crown Royal)
Brickyard, Carl Edwards, Dale Jr., Jeff Gordon, John Wayne Walding, SHR, Tony Stewart
And The Name Of The Brickyard 400 is…
I love that Crown Royal, NASCAR and Indianapolis Motor Speedway have joined forces over the last several years to name the Brickyard 400 race after a hero. The Brickyard 400 will be called:
The John Wayne Walding 400 at the Brickyard!
NASHVILLE, TN – JUNE 03: 2014 CMT Music Awards – Crown Royal Lounge at Bridgestone Arena on June 3, 2014 in Nashville, Tennessee. (Photo Credit: Ilya S. Savenok/Getty Images for Crown Royal)
Okay- well technically the full name of the race is Crown Royal Presents the John Wayne Walding 400 at the Brickyard Powered by BigMachineRecords.com but that is too much of a mouthful to me so I say The John Wayne Walding 400 at the Brickyard it is. (more…)
Crown Royal, John Wayne Walding, Justin Moore, NASCAR, The Brickyard 400
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Z6_LO4C1BS0LO4EB0AER7MEEI2GG6
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Trade and Capacity Building
Trade & Capacity Building
Sterile Fly Release Programs
Trade Support Team
International Visitors Center
APHIS International Offices
Last Modified: Dec 11, 2018
APHIS Trade
USTR
Trade/Sanitary and Phytosanitary Issues Management
APHIS plays a vital role in ensuring the free flow of agricultural trade. APHIS' efforts include keeping U.S. agricultural industries free from pests and diseases and certifying that the millions of U.S. agricultural and food products shipped to markets abroad meet the importing countries' entry requirements. APHIS makes sure that all imported agricultural products shipped to the United States from abroad meet the Agency's entry requirements to exclude pests and diseases of agriculture.
APHIS International Services -- with personnel stationed overseas and in our headquarters offices in Riverdale, Maryland and Washington, DC -- also focuses on keeping export markets open for American agricultural products by working with VS, PPQ and BRS to eliminate unjustified sanitary or phytosanitary (SPS) barriers.
Supporting International Trade
Trade and Capacity Building Staff
The International Technical and Regulatory Capacity Building (ITRCB) Center plays a significant role in support of the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service’s mission to protect and promote U.S. agricultural health, regulate genetically engineered organisms, administer the Animal Welfare Act, and carry out wildlife damage management activities. In an increasingly globalized economy, the ITRCB Center specializes in program coordination including technical and regulatory capacity building efforts with U.S. and foreign government counterparts. Programs supporting sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) issues related to safeguarding of U.S. agriculture from foreign plant pests and animal diseases comprise a significant proportion of ITRCB efforts. Capacity building activities supported by the ITRCB Center occur both in the United States and abroad and are a useful tool in fostering safe agricultural trade and maintaining technical and regulatory relationships with other countries and international organizations.
What Does Capacity Building Look Like? View video of APHIS International Services Plant Health Systems Analysis course
Place an ITRCB Request (e-authentication required)
International Visitor Center
APHIS hosts International Visitors from around the world and provides an introduction to APHIS programs, and facilitates contacts with experts and educational activities. Contact the APHIS International Visitor’s Office for further information on scheduling a visit.
The APHIS Trade Support Staff (TST) is located at our USDA South Building, Washington, D.C.
Partner Trade Agencies & Organizations
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)
USDA Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS)
United States Trade Representative (USTR)
United States Agency for International Development (USAID)
Centers for Disease Control - Traveler's Health Advisories
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Social Images
We're proud to be conservatives.
We're proud to support prosperity and opportunity for ALL Albertans, and to encourage them to pursue their dreams.
We believe that government too often gets in the way of everyday Albertans who want to start businesses and raise their families.
The NDP would have you believe that conservatives are only about cuts, closures, and leaving vulnerable folks out in the cold.
Nothing could be further from the truth.
Save $12.00 on Clotheslines!
First, it was government lightbulb task-forces. Next, it was creating an entire Crown Corporation to oversee the energy efficiency program. Now, it's subsidized clotheslines.
That's right, Albertans will receive instant rebates of $12.00 on any clotheslines they purchase. The government claims the average family does 400 loads of laundry every year, and that the cost of drying all these clothes is as much as $120.00 a year. Assuming that 1/3 of the year Alberta is sufficiently warm to actually hang clothes up to dry outside, we are looking at savings of tens of dollars thanks to the NDP's clothesline program (assuming that the carbon tax and coal phase-out have zero impact on utility prices)
The Light-bulb Saga Isn't Over
A few weeks ago, we told you the story of the NDP government hiring Ontario firm Ecofit to install energy efficient light bulbs in households around the province.
As if light bulb task forces weren't loony enough on their own (especially in the midst of record unemployment and insane deficits) we now know that there's even more to the story.
On Calgary radio yesterday, David Gray from AIM Energy Pros revealed that when the government of Alberta initially requested bids on the project, the request for proposal was "tailor-made" for Ecofit. The government didn't want to look at other companies - for whatever reason they had already made up their mind.
They Don't Understand how Budgets Work
In the midst of the global economic recession of 2008, the minority government of Stephen Harper's Conservatives put forward a budget with a significant deficit. The Harper government's worst budget had $56B in deficit spending, partly because of economic stimulus that many conservatives opposed.
It took a few years, but the Harper government returned the budget to surplus all the while reducing the federal tax burden to its lowest levels in decades. There are legitimate critiques to be made of their record, but the overall handling of the economy was by most accounts quite strong.
We're seeing a similar story playing out in Saskatchewan right now. With low oil and gas prices, that province's government is feeling the economic crunch. Their new budget increases consumption taxes, but they're reducing income taxes, reducing corporate taxes, and there's a plan to be back to balance in 2019-2020.
ACW on the Road
We're excited to announce we will be headed out on another tour of the province this spring. The Alberta Can't Wait RV is ready to come out of its winter hibernation and bring our message of a competent, united, principled alternative to the NDP all across the province.
We're looking for service clubs, barbecues, chambers of commerce meetings, and anywhere else we can share our message of uniting conservatives.
Last year, some of our most rewarding moments were when people approached us - not necessarily knowing what we were about – and who upon learning about our goal of conservative unity, signed up on the spot. They shared our goal of bringing conservatives together under a single banner in time for the next election.
Back-Door Tax Grab
Workers' Compensation (WCB) is entirely funded by our province's employers. As you know, WCB provides insurance for those who are injured on the job, providing a safety net for both employers and workers.
The WCB takes in more money every year than it doles out, providing a cushion for unforeseen expenses. Each year, that surplus is returned to employers.
It appears that the NDP now wants to take any future WCB annual surplus and dump it straight into government general revenue, rather than send it back to hardworking employers.
Talk about a back-door tax hike!
Light-bulbs Used to Symbolize Good Ideas
"How many New Democrats does it take to screw in a light-bulb?"
"How dim does the government think Albertans are?"
"No amount of free light-bulbs will brighten up the NDP's approval numbers"
Humour is the only coping mechanism Albertans have when they see the latest abuse of taxpayers' money by the NDP. Rick Bell explains the NDP's latest scheme to spend all of that extra carbon tax revenue:
Alberta Needs Unconditional Love
To love unconditionally is a tall order - setting aside any self-interest or expectations of reciprocity is not something we typically expect of people, and certainly not politicians. But to get our province back on track, we need leaders who will set aside personal ambition and the slights and grievances of the past. We need leaders who won’t demand narrow conditions in order to unite. We need someone who will love Alberta unconditionally.
Albertans have overwhelmingly reached the same conclusion: we need to unite conservatives in order to defeat the NDP. Poll after poll after poll are showing the same results - more than half of Albertans and an overwhelming majority of PC and Wildrose supporters want a competent, principled, united alternative to the NDP.
As Jason Kenney said last weekend when it comes to unity "...everyday Albertans can't even conceive why certain political elites won't just get 'er done."
The NDP's Executive Orders
While executive orders south of the border have been grabbing all the headlines, closer to home the NDP is making bizarre decisions of its own.
Last week they repealed two sections of the act that governs AIMCo, the Crown corporation tasked with managing Alberta's Heritage Fund.
They've decided that having no experience investing shouldn't preclude someone from being in charge of billions of Albertans' dollars.
Rachel Notley's unqualified Finance Minister thinks he should be able to appoint whomever he wants.
Wildrose Consultation Survey
Today, the Wildrose party released a survey for its membership about charting their course forward. In recent weeks, Wildrose has firmly opened up the door to conservative unity and we are grateful to our friend Brian Jean.
Brian has said that Wildrose members will be given the final say on the future of the party.
This seems to be the first step in that process. The survey asks questions about the name a new party should take, members’ preferences for delegated conventions versus membership-wide votes, thresholds for changing party policy, and the structure a new party should take.
We can’t wait until the next election, can you?
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4x4Wire News
...Activities and Events
Yamaha Volunteers Return to Rehabilitate San Bernardino National Forest
Eighth Year of Yamaha Employee Volunteer Project to Improve Outdoor Areas and Access
CYPRESS, Calif. – May 2, 2016 – Yamaha Motor Corp., USA, employees returned to the San Bernardino National Forest this past weekend to volunteer their time in support of projects aiding the popular Summit OHV Staging Area. Working with members of the Southern California Mountains Foundation (SCMF) and the U.S. Forest Service (USFS), the effort represented the eighth year of Yamaha Outdoor Access Initiative volunteer projects in one of the nation’s busiest forests.
Forest Service OHV Volunteer Yamaha Employee Volunteer Project
Yamaha Funds Motorized and Outdoor Recreation Grants
“The OHV community is embracing the expanded platform of the Outdoor Access Initiative and we encourage all recreationists who rely on OHVs to access the outdoors to keep an eye out for projects that promote and protect that access,” said Mike Martinez, Yamaha’s ATV/SxS group Vice President. “We recognize that by broadening the scope of the GRANT program, we increase competition for the funds available but, as a result, we expect to see projects that have a greater benefit to all OHV enthusiasts.”
Funding and equipment were awarded by the Yamaha Outdoor Access Initiative to the following organizations:
Carbon County, Utah
Coos Riders Association, Oregon
National Off-Highway Vehicle Conservation Council (NOHVCC)
Texas Motorized Trails Coalition
Androscoggin Valley ATV Club, New Hampshire
Field of Dreams Trails Park, New Jersey
Norton Branch Fire & Rescue, Kentucky
Ride with Respect, Utah
The Yamaha Outdoor Access Initiative has a new website (www.yamahaoutdooraccess.com) with a new look and increased functionality. Visitors can choose to submit an application with the required attachments directly to the online platform, rather than emailing into the program. As always, the site features the GRANT cycle calendar, and riding clubs, outdoor enthusiast associations, land managers and conservationists can also find the current Outdoor Access Initiative GRANT guidelines for submission. Yamaha continues to seek qualified projects and applications at local, state and federal levels. The next deadline to submit a GRANT application is Tuesday, September 30, 2014.
About the Yamaha Outdoor Access Initiative:
The Yamaha Outdoor Access Initiative is the industry leader in Guaranteeing Responsible Access to our Nation’s Trails (GRANTs). Through this program, Yamaha has directly and indirectly supported thousands of miles of trails, maintained and rehabilitated countless riding areas, improved staging areas, built bridges over fish-bearing streams and partnered with local riding communities across the country to improve the OHV experience. Each quarter, Yamaha accepts applications from non-profit or tax-exempt organizations including OHV riding clubs and associations, national, state and local public land use agencies, outdoor enthusiast associations and land conservation groups with an interest in protecting, improving, expanding and/or maintaining access for safe, responsible and sustainable use by motorized off-road vehicles. A committee then reviews each application and awards GRANTs to deserving projects. Examples of appropriate projects for GRANTs include, but are not limited to:
Trail development, restoration and maintenance
Trail signage and map production
Staging area construction, renovation and maintenance
Land stewardship, safety and education
Updated guidelines, an application form and information on the Outdoor Access Initiative are available here. For specific questions about the Outdoor Access Initiative, call Yamaha’s dedicated hotline at 1-877-OHV-TRAIL (877-648-8724), email [email protected] or write to:
ohv grants
Yamaha Volunteers Complete OHV Project in San Bernardino National Forest
This was the final project in a three-year commitment by Yamaha to help restore Cactus Flats and save the staging area from misuse and erosion. Thanks to the combined efforts and critical work done by the SCMF and SBNF – and including the Yamaha volunteer projects – Cactus Flats is no longer at risk and is back to its old self as one of the premier staging areas in the forest.
More than 60 volunteers, comprised of Yamaha employees and their family and friends, along with members of the SCMF, contributed more than 325 hours of volunteer service on Sunday, September 22. Activities to improve the area included planting and watering 300 native seedlings. Cactus Flats and its surrounding trails are a popular location hosting thousands off-road enthusiasts, hikers and mountain bikers each year.
“The Mountains Foundation and San Bernardino National Forest have been great partners of Yamaha’s OHV Access Initiative, helping shape our grassroots efforts locally and across the country,” said Mike Martinez, Yamaha’s ATV/SxS Vice President. “The Access Initiative continues to improve riding areas and opportunities thanks to volunteers and the hundreds of GRANTs and more than $2 million awarded. Yamaha will continue this work promoting safe, responsible riding and open, sustainable riding areas, and we encourage riding groups to use our program to support their local efforts.”
Over the past six years, Yamaha volunteers have restored more than 12 acres of land in the San Bernardino National Forest. Work has included the Cactus Flats project and planting 3,600 native seedlings through SBNFA’s Forest Aid initiative, a partnership with TreePeople and the U.S. Forest Service in one of the largest volunteer-led restoration projects in Southern California addressing the burn areas from the 2003 and 2007 wildfires.
“Yamaha is a valued partner of the Mountains Foundation helping to support our OHV program and many of the 2.4 million visitors who come to the mountains each year,” said Sarah Miggins, executive director of the Southern California Mountains Foundation. “For more than six years, Yamaha volunteers have made a real impact on the San Bernardino National Forest completing projects from the Big Bear area across the mountains to Lake Arrowhead.”
About the Yamaha OHV Access Initiative
The Yamaha OHV Access Initiative is the industry leader in Guaranteeing Responsible Access to our Nation’s Trails (GRANTs). Through this program, Yamaha has directly and indirectly supported thousands of miles of trails, maintained and rehabilitated countless riding areas, improved staging areas, built bridges over fish-bearing streams and partnered with local riding communities across the country to improve the OHV experience.
Each quarter, Yamaha accepts applications from non-profit or tax-exempt organizations including OHV riding clubs and associations, national, state and local public land use agencies and other members of the OHV community in the United States. A committee then reviews each application and awards GRANTs to deserving projects.
Examples of appropriate projects for GRANTs include, but are not limited to:
· Trail development, restoration and maintenance
· Trail signage and map production
· Staging area construction, renovation and maintenance
· Land stewardship, trail safety and education
Updated guidelines, an application form and information on the OHV Access Initiative are available here. For specific questions about the OHV Access Initiative, call Yamaha’s dedicated OHV Access Initiative Hotline at 1-877-OHV-TRAIL (877-648-8724), email [email protected] or write to: Yamaha OHV Access Initiative Review Committee, 6555 Katella Avenue, Cypress, CA 90630-5101.
About Yamaha Motor Corp., U.S.A.
Yamaha Motor Corporation, U.S.A., (YMUS), a leader in the motorsports market, makes the toughest, most capable and versatile ATV and Side-by-Side vehicles. The company’s ever-expanding product offerings also include motorcycles, outboard motors, personal watercraft, snowmobiles, boats, outdoor power equipment, accessories, apparel and much more. YMUS products are sold through a nationwide network of dealers in the United States.
RALLY TO STOP CLOSURES AT OREGON DUNES NRA - REMINDER
Dear BRC members, supporters and subscribers in Oregon,
Just a quick reminder that our partners from the Save The Riders Dunes (STRD) and A Line In The Sand need your help and attendance at a rally to stop closures at the Oregon Dunes National Recreation Area (NRA). The Rally at Riley is happening this Saturday, November 17, 2012. The rally starts at noon at the Riley Ranch Co Park. You can download a copy of the flyer here.
Please pass this important alert on to your friends and family, and please ask them to take action as well.
Wreck Chaser: Finding Aircraft Crash Sites
While discussing an upcoming trip to the Piute Mountains area of the Mojave desert with a fellow off-roader, an airplane crash site in that general area but unknown location was mentioned. Fernando Ramirez replied, "No problem - I'll find it!"
As Fernando recounts:
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Hyperglycaemia does not affect antigen-specific activation and cytolytic killing by CD8+ T cells in vivo
Asha Recino, Kerry Barkan, F. Susan Wong, Graham Ladds, Anne Cooke, Maja Wallberg
Bioscience Reports Aug 31, 2017, 37 (4) BSR20171079; DOI: 10.1042/BSR20171079
Asha Recino
Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, United Kingdom
Kerry Barkan
Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1PD, United KingdomDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
F. Susan Wong
Diabetes Research Group, Institute of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, Cardiff School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom
Graham Ladds
Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1PD, United Kingdom
Anne Cooke
Maja Wallberg
For correspondence: mw394@cam.ac.uk
Metabolism is of central importance for T cell survival and differentiation. It is well known that T cells cannot function in the absence of glucose, but it is less clear how they respond to excessive levels of glucose. In the present study, we investigated how increasing levels of glucose affect T-cell-mediated immune responses. We examined the effects of increased levels of glucose on CD8+ T-cell behaviour in vitro by assessing activation and cytokine production, as well as oxygen consumption rate (OCR), extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) and intracellular signalling. In addition, we assessed in vivo proliferation, cytokine production and cytolytic activity of cells in chemically induced diabetic C57BL/6 mice. Elevated levels of glucose in in vitro cultures had modest effects on proliferation and cytokine production, while in vivo hyperglycaemia had no effect on CD8+ T-cell proliferation, interferon γ (IFNγ) production or cytolytic killing.
hyperglycaemia
immunometabolism
mouse models
T-cells
Glucose is one of the important nutrients available to T cells, and is mostly taken up via Glut1 in these cells [1]. Glut1 is up-regulated upon activation, which leads to increased glucose uptake and glycolysis to promote growth, proliferation, cell survival and differentiation [2]. As a result of this, Glut1 deficiency in T cells decreases effector cell expansion and the ability to induce inflammatory disease in vivo [1]. Recent studies have clarified how T cells up-regulate their anaerobic glycolysis during a rapid effector response, and how this type of rapid but low efficiency generation of energy must be replaced by engagement of the mitochondria and fatty acid oxidation [3] or the ability to sustain high levels of ATP generation through elevated glycolysis [4] for the cells to differentiate into long-lived memory T cells. In contrast, Foxp3+ Treg favours fatty acid oxidation [5,6], and induction of anergy in effector T cells reduces their metabolism [7]. The metabolism of T cells is a drugable target, and indeed the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is at the centre of the cell response to nutrient availability and dictates cell decisions to grow and differentiate [8–10].
We were interested in how an abundance of glucose, as is the case in diabetes, affects the adaptive immune system. As competition for resources can lead to suppression of immune responses [11], while the elevated presence of glucose has been reported to both boost the immune responses to tumours [11] and enhance the survival of mice after administration of lethal doses of influenza virus [12], it seemed likely that elevated levels of glucose could enhance immune responses. In order to provide sufficient levels of glucose, many cell culture media contain ‘diabetic’ levels of glucose, with concentrations often in the 12–15 mM range or even higher, which is well above the levels seen in healthy people (below 6 mM in the fasting state and below 7.8 mM 2 h postprandial). On the other hand, patients with diabetes have numerous and more serious infections than the healthy control subjects [13,14], and decreased responses to vaccination [15,16] indicating that elevated glucose levels do not boost immune responses in vivo.
Here, we investigated how increasing levels of glucose in vitro, varying from a low but physiologically normoglycaemic concentration of 5.5 mM (1 g/l) up to an emphatically hyperglycaemic environment of 25 mM (4.5 g/l), affected T-cell behaviour. We have also investigated the in vivo effects of hyperglycaemia (ranging between 15 and 25 mM), on OVA-specific CD8+ T-cell proliferation, cytokine production and cytolytic killing in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic C57BL/6 mice.
OT-I were bred at the University of Cambridge and maintained under specific pathogen-free conditions. Male C57BL/6 mice (Charles River) were used between 6 and 10 weeks of age. Mice were housed in IVC with free access to standard chow and water. The present study was carried out in accordance with U.K. Home Office Regulations (project licence number 80/2442 and 70/8442).
STZ-induced diabetes
Male C57BL/6 mice were given STZ (Sigma, 40 µg/g body weight) dissolved in citrate buffer (pH 4.5) intraperitoneally for 5 days. Diabetes normally developed within 10–14 days with no signs of STZ-induced lymphopaenia (Supplementary Figure S1). Glycosuria was detected using Diastix strips (Bayer Diagnostics) and diabetes confirmed by a blood glucose measurement of >13.3 mM, using a Breeze2 blood glucose meter (Bayer).
Antibodies and flow cytometry
Cells were resuspended in FACS buffer (PBS + 0.5% BSA) filtered through 30-µm CellTrics filters (Partec), incubated with Fc block (eBioscience), stained with antibody, washed and resuspended in PBS. 7AAD (BD Bioscience) was used to assess cell death. Data were collected on a Cyan Cytometer (DAKO) and analysed using FlowJo (TreeStar Inc.). For intracellular cytokine staining, the cells were stimulated with PMA (50 ng/ml) and ionomycin (2000 ng/ml) for 5 h. Brefeldin A (5 µg/ml) was added for the last 3 h. After surface marker staining, the cells were washed, fixed, permeabilized (intracellular staining kit, eBioscience), and stained for detection of cytokine.
T-cell activation for functional assays
Cells were isolated from spleen and lymph nodes and cultured in low glucose (5.5 mM) DMEM with 10% FBS, 1% penicillin-streptomycin, and β-mercaptoethanol supplemented with additional glucose as indicated. Lymphocytes (2 × 105) were stimulated as appropriate (see below) for 3 days in the presence of the indicated glucose concentrations at 37°C with 5% CO2. OT-I cells were stimulated either with the OVA peptide SIINFEKL or the lower affinity altered peptide ligand SIIGFEKL (both from Sigma) as indicated. Proliferation was assessed by CFSE staining (5 µM). After gating on CD8+ T cells, the percentage of proliferating cells in each population was determined. Supernatant cytokine analysis was performed with cytometric bead array (eBioscience) as recently described [17], and ATP content in cultures was assessed using the CellTiter-Glo® Luminescent Cell Viability Assay (Promega) in accordance with the manufacturers’ instructions. The cells were cultured in 96-well plates at a concentration of 2.5 × 104 cells per well in 100 µl of the indicated culture medium. For analysis, the supernatants were transferred into a 384-well Optiplate (PerkinElmer) and luminescence read using a Mithras LB 940 (Berthold Technology).
Measurements of T-cell metabolism
Naïve OT-I CD8+ T cells were isolated using MACS beads (Miltenyi) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. For studies of activated cells, OT-I splenocytes were cultured for 5 days in the presence of 10 ng/ml SIINFEKL peptide and 10 U/ml IL-2 (PeproTech). Naïve cells were seeded in a 96-well seahorse plate at 3 × 105 cells per well, and activated cells were seeded at 1.5 × 105 cells per well, and analysed using the Mitostress kit (Agilent Technologies) according to the manufacturers’ instructions. Seahorse assay medium (Agilent Technologies) was supplemented with the indicated glucose concentration, 1 mM glutamine and 1 mM pyruvate. Oligomycin was administered at 1.5 µM, FCCP at 1 µM and rotenone/antimycin A at 1 µM (all from Agilent Technologies). Oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) were measured using a XF96 Seahorse analyser. ATP turnover was derived from the difference in OCRs between basal respiration and inhibition after oligomycin administration according to the manufacturers’ instructions.
Ca2+ flux assay
Single cell suspensions (2 × 106/ml) were incubated with Indo-1 (3 µM) for 30 min at 37°C. The cells were then washed twice in HBSS (Sigma), and resuspended in HBSS + 0.2% FBS at 106/ml and aliquoted into FACS tubes, 1 ml per tube. Baseline activity was measured for 1 min, and then stimulating antibodies (anti-CD3, clone 145-2C11, 2 µg/ml and anti-CD28, clone 37.51, 10 µg/ml) were added for another 7 min of recording. MFI for Indo-1 was plotted for each minute of stimulation.
Zap phosphorylation assay
CD8+ T cells were sorted using MACS (Miltenyi), seeded in V-bottom plates (2 × 105/well) and incubated with stimulating antibodies (anti-CD3, clone 145-2C11, 2 µg/ml and anti-CD28, clone 37.51, 10 µg/ml) for the indicated time with the indicated concentration of glucose at 37°C. After stimulation, the cells were immediately fixed in 4% PFA for 30 min, then washed in PBS and stored in ice-cold methanol at –20°C, stained with anti p-Zap319 and detected with anti-rabbit IgG Fab2 Alexa 647 (Molecular Probes).
In vivo proliferation assays
For C57BL/6 mice, OVA was emulsified in Incomplete Freund’s Adjuvant (IFA) at 25 µg per dose and injected subcutaneously (sc) into the left haunch. Eight days later, 1 × 106 CFSE-labelled OT-I cells were transferred intravenously (iv) into the indicated recipient. Seventy-two hours later the draining inguinal lymph node and the control non-draining lymph node were harvested and proliferation was assessed through analysis of dilution of CFSE signal in CD8+7AAD−B220− cells.
In vivo CTL assay
Male C57BL/6 mice were immunized with SIINFEKL peptide at 25 µg/dose emulsified in IFA (Sigma) sc in the left haunch. Ten days later, targets were injected. Syngeneic splenocytes were either peptide-pulsed (100 nM, 30 min, 37°C) and subsequently labelled with 10 µM CFSE, or non-pulsed and labelled with 1 µM CFSE. The splenocyte populations were then mixed at 50:50, and 107 cells were injected in the tail vein. Twenty-four hours later, the inoculum draining and control side inguinal lymph nodes were collected, and the ratio of CFSEhi compared with CFSEintermediate cells compared with non-immunized controls to calculate % of specific killing of peptide-pulsed targets.
Differences between groups were tested using the Student’s t test, significant P-values are indicated with *(P≤0.05), **(P≤0.01), ***(P≤0.001) or ****(P≤0.0001). Comparison of multiple groups in the Seahorse assays was performed using two-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparison test. All data analyses were performed using GraphPad Prism 7 software.
OT-I cell proliferation to high affinity, but not low-affinity peptide, is increased when glucose levels are raised
We assessed the in vitro proliferation of OT-I cells, which are CD8+ T cells reactive to ovalbumin peptide 257–264 (SIINFEKL) presented on C57BL/6 MHC class I molecule H2Kb. Increasing levels of glucose resulted in increased proliferation of these cells in response to their cognate peptide (Figure 1a, top left panel, with representative CFSE traces in the top right panel). However, this proliferative change with increasing levels of glucose were not seen with the low-affinity peptide ligand SIIGFEKL (Figure 1a, bottom left panel) or medium alone (Figure 1a, bottom right panel), indicating that increased glucose did not alter the threshold for activation. Cells cultured in an excess of culture medium did not grow more in higher concentrations of glucose, as reflected in the ATP content in cultures at different time points (Figure 1b). In contrast with increased proliferation seen in high glucose cultures, we saw a decrease in interferon γ (IFNγ) production in cultures with glucose levels of 25 mM (Figure 1c, left panel), and no IFNγ produced in response to the altered peptide ligand at any glucose concentration (Figure 1c, right panel). Production of GM-CSF, TNF, IL-10, IL-17 and IL-2 appeared unaffected, with a trend towards increased production at moderate levels of glucose (10–15 mM) and a decrease at high levels (20–25 mM) (Figure 1d). To control the changes in osmolarity caused by increased glucose concentrations, we included 20 mM mannitol, a sugar with similar molecular weight to glucose but not metabolized by cells, added to a 5.5-mM glucose base medium.
Figure 1 Effects of increasing levels of glucose in culture medium on OT-I cell proliferation and cytokine production
(a) Proliferation was assessed by CFSE dilution in OT-I cells in response to SIINFEKL (left panel), the low-affinity altered peptide SIIGFEKL (middle panel) and no peptide control (right panel). (b) ATP content at different time points in response to stimulation with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 antibody in different concentrations of glucose or mannitol control. (c) IFNγ production was assessed using intracellular staining in cultures with SIINFEKL peptide (left) and low affinity altered peptide (right). (d) Cytokine production in OT-I cultures in response to SIINFEKL peptide in the presence of increasing concentrations of glucose or 25 mM mannitol (m) as an osmolarity control was assessed using cytokine bead array. The results are representative of at least three experiments. Differences between groups were tested using the Student’s ttest, significant P-values are indicated with *(P≤0.05), **(P≤0.01), ***(P≤0.001) or ****(P≤0.0001). If no P-value is indicated, there was no significant difference between the groups.
Elevated levels of glucose do not alter OCR in naïve or activated OT-I cells
To assess whether increased glucose concentration changed the metabolic activity of the OT-I cells, we assessed their OCRs (Figure 2a,b, left panels) and ECAR (Figure 2a,b, middle panels) in response to drugs that affect the electron transport chain [3]. Oligomycin inhibits the ATP synthase stopping mitochondrial ATP generation, FCCP is a protonophore which uncouples ATP synthesis from the electron transport chain by letting H+ ions into the matrix independent of the ATP synthase while rotenone/antimycin A inhibit the complex I and III respectively, leading to complete shut down of the electron transport chain. We found that increasing the levels of glucose modestly increases the ECAR of naïve cells in a dose-dependent manner (Figure 2a, middle panel) but does not affect the already higher ECAR of activated cells (Figure 2b, middle panel). The ATP turnover, determined by the difference in OCR between basal levels and the levels after oligomycin inhibition of the ATP synthase, were unaffected by glucose concentration in both naïve cells (Figure 2a, right panel) and activated cells (Figure 2b, right panel). Furthermore, the immediate activation of T cells as determined through Ca2+ fluxing (Figure 2c) and Zap-70 phosphorylation (Figure 2d) was also unaffected by glucose concentration.
Figure 2 Effects of increasing levels of glucose on OT-I cell metabolic activity and intracellular signalling
(a) OCR was determined for naïve OT-I cells in response to compounds that target different parts of the mitochondrial electron transport chain ((a), left panel). Oligomycin, FCCP and rotenone/antimycin A were administered at the indicated time points (indicated in the figure with arrows numbered 1, 2 and 3 respectively) followed by four separate measurements for each condition. The ECAR was determined after addition of FCCP for maximum activation ((a), middle panel). Each data point indicate the average of the four measurements in one well. Eleven replicates per condition were assessed. ATP turnover was calculated from the difference in OCR between the basal and oligomycin stimulated conditions ((a), right panel). (b) OCR was determined for activated OT-I cells as described above ((b), left panel), as was ECAR ((b), middle panel) and ATP turnover ((b), right panel). (c) Ca2+ fluxing and (d) Zap-70 phosphorylation were determined in cells after activation in culture media with different concentrations of glucose using flow cytometry. The data are representative of at least two experiments. Differences between groups were determined through two-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparison test with P-values below 0.05 considered significant.
Hyperglycaemia does not affect OVA-specific proliferation, IFNγ production or CTL killing in vivo
To assess whether any of the modest differences recorded in vitro were of importance in vivo, we performed experiments in C57BL/6 mice, which had been rendered diabetic using low-dose STZ injection. Control or hyperglycaemic C57BL/6 mice were immunized with OVA in the left haunch, and the proliferation of injected CFSE-labelled OT-I cells was assessed in the inoculum-draining left inguinal lymph node and the control right inguinal lymph node. There was no difference in how well the transferred OT-I cells proliferated in the diabetic hosts compared with control hosts (Figure 3a). To further assess the properties of the activated OT-I cells, the cells from the lymph nodes were restimulated briefly in vitro with PMA and ionomycin, and IFNγ production was recorded. There was no difference between the groups (Figure 3b). The inoculum-draining and non-draining lymph nodes from immunized mice were also restimulated with SIINFEKL peptide for measurement of production of other cytokines. There was no difference in the production of IL-2, IL-17, IFNγ, GM-CSF, TNF, IL-6 or IL-1α (Figure 3c). We also plotted the levels of cytokine and proliferation against measured blood glucose level at the end of the experiment, but found no correlation in any experiment (results not included). In vivo cytolytic T lymphocyte (CTL) assays demonstrated no difference in the capacity for OVA-specific CTL cytotoxicity in diabetic hosts compared with controls (Figure 3d).
Figure 3 Hyperglycaemia does not affect immune responses in vivo in STZ-induced diabetic C57BL/6 mice
(a) In vivo proliferation of CFSE-labelled OT-I cells was assessed in response to an inoculum containing OVA in control mice compared with mice rendered diabetic through injection of STZ. The left panel shows the result of one experiment with each dot representing one mouse, assessing either the inoculum-draining lymph node (dILN) or the control inguinal lymph node (cILN). The right panels show representative FACS plots. (b) IFNγ production in cells from the experiment described in (a), stimulated ex vivo with PMA for 4 h. The left panel shows the result of one experiment with each dot representing one mouse, the right panels show representative FACS plots. (c) Cytokine production in lymphocytes from mice immunized with OVA as above and restimulated in vitro with SIINFEKL peptide. (d) In vivo killing assay comparing the antigen-specific killing of SIINFEKL-pulsed syngeneic splenocytes during a 24-h period in mice immunized with the same peptide 8 days previously. The left panel shows the result of one experiment with each dot representing one mouse; the right panels show representative FACS plots. The results are representative of at least three experiments, and differences between groups were tested using the Student’s ttest.
We have investigated how levels of glucose in the diabetic range affect T-cell responses both in vitro and in vivo. We find that hyperglycaemia has modest effects on proliferation and cytokine production in vitro, which could simply reflect the fact that an in vitro culture has to adapt to the amount of nutrient available in the well. When the cells are cultured in excess volumes of media, as in the cultures prepared to assess ATP content, no difference in the accumulation of ATP could be detected in cultures with higher levels of glucose. To support this, we find that OCR and ATP turnover of both naïve and activated OT-I cells are unaffected by the hyperglycaemic conditions, and that initial intracellular activation events after T-cell receptor (TCR) ligation are unaltered by hyperglycaemia. Interestingly, we find that naïve OT-I cells demonstrate increased ECAR in hyperglycaemic conditions, and it remains to be determined if this has any biological significance. In vivo CD8+ T-cell proliferation and cytokine production was unaffected in diabetic C57BL/6, as was in vivo cytolytic killing. This finding is in contrast with a previous study, which demonstrated greater survival of tumour cells in STZ-induced diabetic mice [18]. It is however possible that the elevated glucose levels in diabetic mice affect not only CTL but also the tumour cells, and this may contribute to their greater survival. An important point to make here is the difference between STZ protocols. Many groups administer one high dose of 200 µg/g body weight [18–20] and may see a resulting down-regulation of immune responses. STZ is a glucosamine–nitrosourea that causes DNA damage, and is particularly toxic to β-cells as it is taken up via the Glut2 transporter, which is expressed in β-cells and to a lower extent in kidney, liver and small intestine. However, at high doses STZ can be toxic to other cell types as well, which is demonstrated by the lymphopenia seen in high-dose treated mice [19]. The injection protocol used in our study uses repeated low dose injections of 40 µg/g body weight, which avoids off target effects, and no lymphopenia was recorded as shown in the Supplementary Data (S1).
Health complications such as changes in immune reactivity in diabetes are caused by a complex network of interacting mechanisms, and it is difficult to determine which effects are caused by excess glucose itself, and how that effect is exerted. Hyperglycaemia has effects on the innate immune system in that it can inhibit neutrophil migration, phagocytosis, superoxide production and microbial killing [21,22] and decrease the production of antimicrobial peptides [23]. Neutrophils have been reported to take up less antigen in a hyperglycaemic host [24], which could indirectly lead to depressed T-cell responses, as they may not receive optimal antigen presentation. Hyperglycaemia also affects the ability of tolerogenic DC to induce generation of antigen-specific tolerance in T cells [25], and there are reports that hyperglycaemia can induce expression of proinflammatory cytokines like IL-17 in CD4+ T cells [26,27]. All these effects on immune cells may contribute to altered immune status in diabetic patients.
In the present study, we demonstrate that antigen-specific proliferation and killing by OT-I cells are unaffected by hyperglycaemia in vivo, indicating that an abundance of glucose does not in itself either suppress or boost short-term T-cell responses. It remains to be determined whether long-term effects of hyperglycaemia may alter antigen presentation to T cells, or the maintenance of the T cells themselves, thus affecting the formation and maintenance of T-cell memory.
This work was supported by the NC3Rs [grant number NC/M001083/1]; the BBSRC [grant number BB/M00015X/2]; the Leverhulme Trust [grant number EM-2015-030]; the Medical Research Council [grant number G0901155]; the Diabetes U.K. [grant number BDA 09/0003840]; the BBSRC-funded Midlands Integrative Biosciences Training Partnership (MIBTP) (K.B.); and the Lollipop Foundation (M.W. as the main grant applicant and A.R. as a co-applicant).
A.R., K.B. and M.W. performed the experiments. A.R., K.B., G.L., F.S.W., A.C. and M.W. planned the experiments. M.W. wrote the manuscript. A.R., K.B., G.L., F.S.W. and A.C. contributed to discussion and reviewed/edited the manuscript.
We thank Dr Jenny Phillips, Dr Paola Zaccone, Dr Sven Brode, Dr Nick Holmes and Dr Stephen Newland for their advice and helpful discussion; and Mrs Yvonne Sawyer, Mr Nigel Miller, Ms Lisa Wright and Mr Aaron Dinsdale for the excellent technical assistance. We also thank Dr Maike De La Roche, Dr Alison Taylor and Dr Arianne Richards for OT-I mice.
Abbreviations: CTL, cytolytic T lymphocyte; ECAR, extracellular acidification rate; IFA, incomplete Freund’s adjuvant; IFNγ, interferon γ; OCR, oxygen consumption rate; sc, subcutaneously; STZ, streptozotocin; OVA, ovalbumin; IL, interleukin; MFI, mean fluorescence intensity
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You are going to email the following Hyperglycaemia does not affect antigen-specific activation and cytolytic killing by CD8+ T cells in vivo
Bioscience Reports Aug 2017, 37 (4) BSR20171079; DOI: 10.1042/BSR20171079
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"Les Enfants Sauvages "
(Roadrunner)
02. Explosia
03. Flying Whales
04. Backbone
05. The Heaviest Matter of the Universe
06. L'Enfant Sauvage
07. Toxic Garbage Island
08. Wisdom Comes
09. Jam
10. Oroborus
11. Drum Solo
12. The Axe
13. The Gift of Guilt
Following their previous concert packages "Link Alive" from 2007 and 2012's "The Flesh Alive", French groove-grind maestros GOJIRA serve up a beautiful hardbook bundle to showcase their latest live offering, "Les Enfants Sauvages".
Capturing an hour long set in support of their "L'Enfant Sauvage" album at Brixton Academy in London, England, this new DVD/CD live document comes delivered inside a sixty-page hardbook featuring round-the-world shots of GOJIRA over the course of their career.
The fret-scratching mayhem of the set list for "Les Enfants Sauvages" is bolstered with four selections from "L'Enfant Sauvage" (i.e. "Explosia", "The Axe", "The Gift of Guilt" and the title track) with three cuts off "From Mars to Sirius", those being "Backbone", "Flying Whales" and "The Heaviest Matter of the Universe". "Toxic Garbage Island" and "Oroborus" check in from "The Way of All Flesh" as does "Wisdom Comes" from "The Link".
Forget anything from "Terra Incognita", albeit what's presented here is ferocious enough to satiate any GOJIRA fan. Well-filmed with fourteen cameras and graced by crisp audio, GOJIRA once more proves their tenacity and precision onstage. "The Heaviest Matter of the Universe" and "Toxic Garbage Island" should be automatically cranked from any viewing or listening station, while the oppressive breakdown from Mario Duplantier on "L'Enfant Sauvage" is enough to dislodge framed pictures from walls, depending on how loud you can coerce your player. Joe Duplantier, Christian Andreu and Jean-Michael Labadie cement the deal by shoving their plundering shred and groove parts at their audience with little respite.
One of the highlights of "Les Enfants Sauvages" comes after GOJIRA tears up Brixton Academy with the maniacal grindfest of "Wisdom Comes" when the Duplantier brothers trade instruments for a quick jam session. Mario delves some winding guitar strums and is equally gruesome on the mike as Joe. The latter may not have all of the drumming acumen as his kin, but the whole thing is a load of fun as a prelude to the more serious "Oroborus", which creeps in and lures the Brixton crowd with spiraling bars before turning hostile on them.
GOJIRA have quickly built a stout reputation as one of the fiercest and most intelligent metal bands on the planet. Replicating their cover artwork for "L'Enfant Sauvage" onstage, the band weaves cerebral heaviness in front of shifting lighting schemes and film projections upon their highbrow backdrop. Better yet, GOJIRA are masters of their set time, moving along with specialized efficacy, even with Mario Duplantier's shimmying drum solo. There's room for Joe Duplantier to extend "The Axe" (one of GOJIRA's finest-penned songs) extra bars and to open "The Gift of Guilt" with extracurricular intro time to ensure a full hour of power. Brilliant as ever.
Author: Ray Van Horn, Jr.
Posted in: CD Reviews
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Watch KISS Perform In London
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TRIVIUM: Pro-Shot Video Of VAINSTREAM ROCKFEST Performance
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Frogs Vs. Storks – PC Review
Brash Games January 12, 2011
There have been many epic battles in gaming history between bitter adversaries, Superman Vs. Darkseid, Predator Vs. Aliens, Hulk Vs. The Abomination, but never has such a battle been depicted and never have such enemies fought so fiercely as Frogs Vs. Storks. Not quite the same ring to it as the other versus battles admittedly, but this is a very playable and frustratingly addictive puzzler from those folks at Cateia Games who seem to have the almost Father Christmas-like ability to deliver a game literally overnight.
The pond was once a peaceful place, frogs leapt and languished on lily-pads, passing the day in a blissful sort of way. Until one day, the storks arrived. Not ordinary storks mind you, but evil ones (there’s nothing worse than an evil stork, trust me!) The poor frogs now have a daily fight for survival on their hands, or feet, or whatever it is they have at the end of their limbs. Basically, your goal is to guide your frog across the pond, via the lily-pads, without getting caught and eaten by the stork, which in itself sounds relatively easy, but that wouldn’t make much of game, would it! No, of course not, so for every move you make, the stork mirrors it.
You start with a tutorial, which guides you through the controls, which are mouse based. Your little green frog can only move one lily-pad at a time, either up, down, left or right. Get your frog to the yellow coloured lily-pad at the opposite end of the pond and you’ve won the round: a bit like Frogger, but much more difficult. As I said, the storks mirror your movements so this can lead to moments when, if you’re not careful, you can become trapped between a stork and a wet-place (I’m getting good at these).
As you progress through the levels different objects appear on lily-pads, these increase your score and are made up of items such as flies, mosquitoes, dragon flies, pond flowers and lotus flowers. Land on these and you can score anything from five points to fifteen. However, the storks also find these objects very tasty so careful planning of movement is necessary to help your frog avoid the storks, collect the food and make the storks avoid the food as well. Occasionally, a stork will lay an egg, these can also be eaten by your frog and again will add to the score. If your really lucky, and you have progressed far enough into the game, a stork will lay the golden egg, which can be eaten for a whopping twenty points. Finish the round with the maximum score for each level and you can unlock one of five different achievements, unlock them all and complete all forty-odd levels to become the king of the pond.
What I liked about Frogs Vs. Storks is that just when you are getting used to the gameplay and you’re beginning to feel like you can easily outsmart the stupid storks, the game throws a bit of a curve ball at you. If you land on a lily-pad with a hole in it you fall through and have to start back at your spawn point again. Similarly, if you land on a lily-pad that’s covered in water, then you slip over that pad to land on the one beyond. Although they don’t sound that bad, the same thing can happen to the storks, so essentially if you hit a pad with a hole and you spawn back to your start position, which happens to be occupied by a stork, then it’s game over and you have to start the round again. But it doesn’t end there, those clever developers wouldn’t want you to have too much of an easy life, so they have added one or two extras.
In some levels, there are two storks instead of just the one. They both mirror your moves, and if that wasn’t bad enough, they can also move twice the distance. You also get the chance to control up to four frogs at a time (believe me after a few rounds the pond rapidly becomes a crowded place). If you can manage to keep your wits about you and delve deeper into the game a fat brown frog appears. This poor lad can’t hop on his own (presumably too many burgers with flies! Get it?) and he must be pushed by your frog, but you can only push one at a time. Get a few of these, two storks and a handful of frogs and you really need to think about your next move very carefully.
The graphics and animations are simple, big but colourful and do the job adequately. However, don’t be fooled by their simplistic look and feel, they hide a very clever game. A Cajun, duelling-banjos-type sound track plays in the background together with the sound effects of frogs, flies and other swampy-type noises. They are pretty good and add to the fun, puzzler feel to the game. The obvious selling point is the quality of the puzzles, although games like this can become very boring very quickly, Frogs Vs. Storks manages to keep the gamer entertained enough to want to keep going. Although the game can be completed relatively quickly, to unlock the various achievements requires a bit more thought and strategic planning.
If you like puzzle games then this is a good buy for you. It’s fairly cheap (about £6 on Gamersgate), it doesn’t require the latest gaming rig to run it, it’s good fun and will keep you entertained for a good few hours. It’s great for kids and is a good kick off for them into the world of PC games, without having to let them run around and murder all and sundry. Definitely worth a look at, it will drive you hopping mad! (see what I did there!)
Score: 7/10 – Good
REVIEW CODE: A complimentary code was provided to Brash Games for this review. Please send all review code enquiries to editor@brashgames.co.uk.
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Tags:Cateia Games, PC, PC Review, Puzzle, puzzler, Rating 7/10
Mysterium: A Psychic Clue Game Review
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Digger Dan DX Review
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MSc Psychology of Education BPS
Faculty of Social Sciences and Law
Programme length
One year full-time;
two to three years part-time
Location of programme
Clifton campus
Part-time study available
This MSc conversion programme is accredited by the British Psychological Society (BPS) and provides an excellent grounding in the psychology of education. It draws on a wide range of theories and methods from across the core areas of psychology and encourages you to interrogate their application to education and educational contexts.
You will benefit from our longstanding tradition of high-quality research and teaching in this area and will acquire unique skills in both psychology and research methods. You will learn how research can inform theory, policy and practice, and how to conduct your own piece of empirical research to answer appropriate research questions. You will also acquire a range of transferable skills, such as communication skills, numerical reasoning, computer literacy and teamwork.
The knowledge and skills obtained through the programme are highly desired by employers and relevant to a wide range of careers in which an understanding of human behaviour or research methods is relevant. Successful students will be eligible to apply for Graduate Basis for Chartered Membership (GBC) with the BPS and for further professional training accredited by the BPS.
Some of our graduates have gone on to careers in educational psychology, clinical psychology, occupational psychology, counselling psychology, neuropsychology, research, community support (including mental health, school and youth work), or doctoral-level research.
Fees for 2019/20
We charge an annual tuition fee. Fees for 2019/20 are as follows:
UK/EU: full-time
UK/EU: part-time (two years)
Overseas: full-time
Channel Islands/Isle of Man: full-time
Fees are subject to an annual review. For programmes that last longer than one year, please budget for up to a five per cent increase in fees each year. Find out more about tuition fees.
University of Bristol students and graduates can benefit from a ten per cent reduction in tuition fees for postgraduate study. Check your eligibility for an alumni scholarship.
Funding for 2019/20
Further information on funding for prospective UK, EU and international postgraduate students.
Visit our programme catalogue for full details of the structure and unit content for our MSc Psychology of Education (BPS).
Applicants must hold a minimum of a UK upper second-class honours degree (or international equivalent) and be able to demonstrate work experience in an area relevant to psychology (eg work as a teacher, learning support assistant, assistant psychologist or volunteer in schools or settings for vulnerable clients).
Applicants who hold a lower second-class honours degree (or international equivalent) and have at least one year of full-time work experience relevant to psychology may be considered on a case-by-case basis.
See international equivalent qualifications on the International Office website.
If English is not your first language, you need to meet this profile level:
Profile E
Further information about English language requirements and profile levels.
Read the programme admissions statement for important information on entry requirements, the application process and supporting documents required.
We offer academic and personal development opportunities to equip you for the intellectual, social and personal challenges you will encounter during your career.
Our overarching goal is to enable our education graduates to display the following characteristics:
equipped to demonstrate impact, excellence and distinctiveness in your chosen field;
visionary, imaginative, innovative, reflective and creative;
high ideals and values, including a strong sense of social justice;
highly employable throughout the world;
adaptable, with the potential to be a leader in work and in the community.
Graduates of this route have gone on to careers in educational psychology, clinical psychology, occupational psychology, counselling psychology or neuropsychology and doctoral level research. For more information on psychology careers and accredited courses, please see guidance from the BPS.
1 August 2019. Early application recommended; places may fill before the deadline.
Entry to the programme is competitive, so your application should demonstrate a strong interest in psychology and the intention to pursue professional training or research in psychology.
Find out more about becoming a student at Bristol, applying for a visa and the support we offer to international students.
I chose Bristol because of its outstanding academic reputation. It's reassuring to be taught by people who truly love their subject - their passion becomes contagious.
REF 2014 results
Please see full REF 2014 results for the University of Bristol; in particular, the scores for subject areas 4 and 25.
Results are from the most recent UK-wide assessment of research quality, conducted by HEFCE. More about REF 2014 results.
Find out more about opportunities to visit Bristol.
Register your interest for our November 2019 open day.
Related taught programmes
Education (Open Pathway)
Education (Neuroscience and Education)
You may also be interested in related postgraduate research programmes.
Student Services Office Phone: +44 (0) 117 331 4491 Email: ed-masters-admiss@bristol.ac.uk
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Important disclaimer information about our programmes.
Why choose Bristol?
About postgraduate study
Brexit: information for prospective EU students
Request a postgraduate prospectus
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Desaparecidos release “Backsell” from new album, add dates with The So So Glos, including Webster Hall
photo: Desaparecidos at Coachella 2015 (more by Samantha Saturday)
Conor Oberst’s band Desaparecidos recently announced two small NYC release shows for their upcoming album Payola. Those shows (Shea and Rough Trade) sold out instantly, but the band have now added more dates including a larger NYC show.
They’ll return to play Webster Hall on August 6. That show (and others on the tour) is with Payola collaborators The So So Glos, as well as Bandroidz. Bandroidz are on the Rough Trade show too, but still no other bands announced for Shea. Tickets for Webster go on sale Friday (5/15) at noon. All dates are listed below.
Conor will also be in NYC with his solo project for Governors Ball and a GovBall aftershow.
The So So Glos play Asbury Park’s Skate & Surf this weekend (which we’re giving away tickets to), and a pre-Skate & Surf show in Connecticut with Hot Rod Circuit and Small Brown Bike (tickets).
Payola comes out June 23 via Epitaph, and it’s their first album since 2002 debut Read Music/Speak Spanish on Saddle Creek. They just put out the album version of “Backsell” which appeared on a single with “MariKKKopa” in 2012 (that one’s on the album too). Listen, with the video for “City on the Hill” (ft. Cursive’s Tim Kasher), and Desaparecidos’ list of dates, below…
Desaparecidos — 2015 Tour Dates
06/25/15 Brooklyn, NY Shea Stadium
06/26/15 Brooklyn, NY Rough Trade NYC^
07/16/15 Indianapolis, IN Deluxe @ Old National Centre
07/17/15 St Louis, MO The Ready Room w/ Digital Laether
07/18/15 Louisville, KY Forecastle
07/19/15 Pittsburgh, PA Stage AE w/ The Gaslight Anthem, Murder By Death
07/29/15 Cleveland, OH Grog Shop*^
07/30/15 Rochester Hills, MI Meadow Brook Music Festival w/ Brand New, Basement
07/31/15 Rochester, NY Water Street Music Hall
08/01/15 Montreal, QUE Osheaga Arts and Music Festival
08/02/15 Portland, MA Port City Music Hall*^
08/04/15 Boston, MA Paradise Rock Club*^
08/06/15 New York, NY Webster Hall*^
08/07/15 Philadelphia, PA Union Transfer*^
08/08/15 Washington, DC 9:30 Club
08/09/15 Atlanta, GA The Wrecking Ball
09/18/15 Toronto, ON Toronto Urban Roots Fest
10/30/15 Gainesville, FL The Fest
* – w/ The So So Glos
^ – w/ Bandroidz
Filed Under: Bandroidz | Conor Oberst | Desaparecidos | The So So Glos Category: Music News | tour dates
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There's a lot going on in Corrales, New Mexico
For a small, bucolic, originally agrarian community spread out along a 10-mile stretch of the Rio Grande, there is a lot going on in the Village of Corrales. The village sits on the middle Rio Grande Valley floor, it's lush silty soil a boon for the small farmers & corrals of horses that dot the valley. The community of over 8,500 residents is bounded immediately on three sides by the cities of Albuquerque & Rio Rancho, & is flanked by the 22,000+ acre Pueblo of Sandia across the river to the east. Combined with Bernalillo & Placitas, the South Valley, Los Lunas/Belen & the East Mountain area, this population center creates the largest human density in the state--with well over 900,000 residents: the MetroABQ.
What is going on in Corrales? A lot, it seems. Starting six years ago, Corrales began installing solar panels on village municipal buildings--the Senior Center, Firestation & Village Hall. The Village estimates it will have saved in excess of $30,000 at the end of 20 years from those three solar photovoltaic arrays. Since then, there are others, notably the creation of a large carport solar array over the Parks & Recreation parking area, seen above. The benefits of the carport solar array are twofold: the town gets solar power to use, & the shade created by the panels minimize the summer heat for the vehicles under them.
At Silver Leaf Farms, the two brother-owners utilize solar panels to run the extensive evaporative cooling system in their Corrales greenhouses. This enables their produce to be grown year-round; immediately below is their butter lettuce seen in March, found at La Montañita Coop.
Or you can buy their produce within walking distance from where they were picked, at the Corrales Growers' Market, which basically runs year-round--Winter Market ends April 7, when the space transitions from monthly to weekly, starting April 28th. Most of the MetroABQ Growers' Markets also start in April.
Greenspaces & parks abound: adjacent to the Growers' Market are the Corrales Soccer fields, which is connected to the skatepark & more fields behind that at the Corrales Parks & Recreation Center. Plus, there are about two dozen bike trails & cycling courses scattered throughout the village, along with walking paths & horse trails, wending along the arroyos & acequias toward the mesa or the river.
The vast majority of the approx. 250 businesses in the village are located along the main thoroughfare of Corrales Road, & with good reason: The ten-mile stretch of that road--from Alameda on the south & up to the Rio Rancho community of River's Edge to the north--is designated one of America's Scenic Highways by the National Parks Service. A Scenic Byway-designated road is based on one or more of these inherent qualities: architectural, cultural, historic, recreational or scenic importance. The Corrales Road Scenic Byway embodies all of these qualities.
Directly above is an adobe wall along Corrales Road with a hand-made metal cross, sporting a skull lain on top. Made of earth mixed with water & often with organic material such as straw (or dung), adobe blocks are used liberally throughout New Mexico, & often with relish by Corraleños. Adobe blocks are usually set level/flat to form the wall; however, the blocks in the wall above are set in a diagonal formation--even the wall cap blocks lay at an angle--drawing the eye toward the scene from across the street.
Further on up the road, other interesting scenes line the scenic byway, like the undulating steel barn scene, above, or the cut steel sculpture outside Frontier Mart, one of over 40 galleries in town. A town clock, above, was crafted in a Pueblo Revival style, & has the requisite extruding viga beams & (faux) lintels, which are the exposed beams usually only over windows & doors. Spanish Pueblo Revival is a very popular style in Corrales.
Corrales is home to numerous festivals & other public events, like the annual Corrales Wine & Cheese Pairing at three wineries that runs for two days April 6-7th; Corrales Historical Society occupies & continuously restores the historic 1868 Old San Ysidro Church with regular events; the Corrales MainStreet Chili Challenge was last month; there's the monthly Music In Corrales series; the Growers Market Harvest Festival, etc.
Walking/biking or driving along Corrales Road, or along the main acequia on Loma Larga Road, are instant scenic adventures, worth the short drive/pedal from the more trafficked areas of the MetroABQ. The image directly below was taken during one such Corrales adventure...
Bicycle Paths, Greenspaces, Limited-Access Communities, Parks, Architecture, Pueblo Revival, National Register of Historic Places, Adobe, MetroABQ, Green, Library, Growers Markets, Farmers Markets, Corrales, Historic, Rio Grande, Bike, Around the MetroABQ, Acequia, Drone
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Africa/International
Bank Of Ghana To Issue Upgraded Banknotes
More in Latest News:
KMA Begins Allocation Of Stores At New Kejetia Market July 15, 2019
Meet Fathia, 12-Year-Old Nigerian Girl Who Built Robot That Folds Clothes July 15, 2019
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The Bank of Ghana says it will issue upgraded banknotes with enhanced security features into circulation on May 6, 2019.
In a statement, the bank said the upgraded banknotes would have enhanced security features in line with evolving changes in the technological landscape.
The upgraded banknotes will also come with improved durability and machine readability.
The statement said the enhanced security features would include; Optically Variable Magnetic Image, SPARK LIVE, which is a shiny colour-changing image of the cowrie shell on the GH¢10.00, star on the GH¢20.00 and cocoa pod on the GH¢50.00.
When the note is tilted, a shiny line across the cowrie shell, star, and cocoa pod moves up and down. The colour of the feature also changes from gold to green when tilted.
There would also be a new enhanced security thread, RAPID, a shiny broken line with movement that runs through the banknote from top to bottom and continuous when viewed against light.
When the note is tilted, a star expands and contracts, while the denomination value stays still, the statement said.
It said the new notes would come with a more prominent watermark with the image of Tetteh Quarshie with a cocoa pod, which has been made more noticeable in the plain star area of the banknote.
This becomes visible on both sides when viewed against light, while the denomination value can also be seen in the watermark area.
In addition, there would be enhanced Iridescent Band at the Back of the Banknote that is a golden band with gold bars at the back of the banknote that runs from top to bottom.
It can be seen more clearly when the note is tilted against light.
The statement said principal design elements such as the Big Six portrait, Denominational colours, Dimensions of the various denominations, and other principal and background images would remain unchanged in the upgraded banknotes.
“The upgraded and the existing series of banknotes will co-circulate,” the statement said.
Source: GNA
Stunning Photo Shoot Of Nana Adoma In Awe Of African Culture
Why Travel Makes You Smarter And Wiser, And How To Exploit That Fact
‘Year Of Return’ Cloth Launched
Ghana Added To South Africa’s List Of Visa-Free Countries
Classic Ghana
Copyright © 2019 Classic Ghana.
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NW N
S SE
16.3 km (10.1 miles) WSW of Burgsvik, Gotland (Island), Gotland, Sweden
Approx. altitude: 0 m (0 ft)
([?] maps: Google MapQuest OpenStreeMap ConfluenceNavigator)
Antipode: 57°S 162°W
Accuracy: 7 m (22 ft)
Quality: good
Click on any of the images for the full-sized picture.
{ Main | Search | Countries | Information | Member Page | Random }
(visited by Captain Peter, Valentyn Smirnov and Volodymyr Kokorev)
05-May-2002 -- On our way from Saint Petersburg back to the Skagerrak (Skaw) today we were off Gotland again. When we passed it on Apr 30th, we visited 58°N/19°E, but for 57°N/18°E it had been still too dark then.
This time there was chance for this point, which we were approaching from the North. When we were abeam of the small Island Stora Karlsö, we went on a course of 177° towards the confluence.
The coast is full of wind rotors, in front we see the small lighthouse of Näsrevet.
Then we proceeded to the confluence, from where we could see the church of Burgsvik. Burgsvik is the closest settlement to the confluence and is a small harbor, where limestone is loaded. It has a population of about 300.
In the area off the Burgsviken (Gulf of Burgsvik) there are many wind rotors some of them even built into the sea.
Please have a closer look to these wind rotors on the Radar screen. The rotors in the sea are orientated as a triangle according to the directions from where the wind predominantly is blowing in this area, i.e. from North and from 55° (roughly NE), in order to gain a maximum output.
The Southern end of Gotland Islands is called Revet.
This was quite an interesting confluence, and provided with new knowledge about Gotland's electric power generating system we are proceeding further.
#1: Burgsvik
#2: Map
#3: GPS
#4: Stora Karlsö
#5: Wind Rotors on the coast
#6: Näsrevet
#7: Wind Rotors in the Gulf of Burgsvik
#8: Wind Rotors in the sea!
#9: Radar
#10: Revet
ALL: All pictures on one page
In the Baltic Sea, but with a view of land.
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Five Tips for a Terrific Collective Artistic Experience
Twenty years ago, Jytte Fogh Lokvig found herself in a quandary. She was doing a favor for a friend: visiting the friend’s mom weekly while the friend was out of the country for three months. The mom lived in a care facility and the first visit went wonderfully. But the second visit was shocking to Jytte.
“Her mom started screaming and cursing,” Jytte says. “I went to the nurses’ station to figure out what was wrong. The nurse told me she had Alzheimer’s.”
Jytte, who had experience in art and working with at-risk youth, knew nothing about dementia. But she started to learn. Using principles she’d employed with youth, she began offering additional activities at the facility.
“I didn’t view people with dementia as sick,” she says. “Everything I planned was directed at the well part of the person.”
She looked for activities that were collaborative rather than competitive, so everyone could bloom with a feeling of accomplishment.
“I started with a group collage,” she says. “That way, we were all working together.”
Through the process of creating collectively, people relaxed and became comfortable with the materials. This experience was so fulfilling and moving that Jytte began working with families, guiding them in doing projects together.
Jytte suggests collages because they are easy and there is no right or wrong with collage.
“Collect old magazines, buy a few glue sticks, and break down big boxes to use for cardboard,” she suggests. “Engagement and conversation are the important things; if it never gets beyond discussing a picture of daisies that reminds her of her growing up garden, that’s fine.”
Jytte believes the keys to engagement include giving people enough time, letting them work at their own pace, and offering them consistent opportunities for self-expression.
When possible, invite others to join you for the collage experience. Introduce the project by asking the person with dementia for help, saying, “Hey Mom, I really want to do this project. Want to help me?”
If Mom is reluctant, start the project and mention; “I sure could use your help if you don’t have anything else to do.”
Tear pictures out of colorful magazines.
Let Mom direct the artistic action.
Use the pictures to trigger conversation.
Enjoy the process and don’t worry about a finished product.
Jytte Fogh Lokvig, PhD, is the author of The Alzheimer’s Creativity Project and Alzheimer’s A to Z, Secrets to Successful Caregiving. She is also a founder of the Alzheimer’s Café.
Deborah Shouse is the author of Love in the Land of Dementia: Finding Hope in the Caregiver’s Journey.
Posted in Caregiving, Creativity, Inspiration, Relationships, The Arts and tagged aging, alzheimer's, Alzheimer's Caregiving, caregivers, caregiving, collage, communication, creativity, dementia
Mike Good on October 10, 2014 at 1:37 pm
I love this idea. I hear family caregivers talk about doing puzzles together but never a collage. When I think about the different aspects of a collage, I imagine the enrichment achieved is more than a puzzle because each piece of the collage has a story behind it that may trigger a thought. Plus the collage will be around for all to enjoy for years to come.
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Nintendo Switch Official Event Detailed & Complete Rumour Roundup
Everything we know and is rumoured about Nintendo's newest console.
News Switch Nintendo
Nathan Farrugia December 19, 2016 No Comments
Nintendo have announced that major details on their upcoming console the Nintendo Switch will be revealed at an official event in Tokyo on January 13th at 3PM AEDT. For those in the US that’s January 12th at 11PM EST. We have also been lucky enough to be invited to a localised hands-on event in Melbourne on the 14th of January, so expect a full news breakdown of all the new information and our personal hands on impressions soon after.
Until then though rumours have been flying rampant about the Switch including possible specs, features and launch window titles so for my own personal benefit and to all the readers out there I’ve tried to compile all of that information in one place in a simple format. These are all the details we know for sure.
The Nintendo Switch is a hybrid of a traditional home console and handheld device. You can dock the console, which contains both the screen and all the hardware, into a dock connected to your TV. You can then remove the console from that dock to take it on the go.
You can remove the two controllers (called Joycon Controllers) on the side to play with your hands separated, attach them to the screen or attach them on the basic controller. It has been shown that two gamers can hold one Joycon each to play some multiplayer titles like Mario Kart 8 that was shown in the trailer.
Physical games will come on a cartridge due to their small size and quick loading features. The rumoured maximum cartridge size is 32GB.
Nvidia is supplying the graphics processor, with the Switch running a custom version of the Tegra chip-set. Basically you can expect the Switch to provide a level of graphics comparable to the base PS4, if not slightly weaker. It is rumoured the Switch will only have 4GB of ram which unfortunately will limit performance.
The Nintendo Switch has a tentative release date of March 2017.
The Switch will not be psychically backwards compatible. We’ll explain more about digital emulation in the rumours.
The Switch has a finalized list of partners that are working on games in some capacity.
The Nintendo Switch will support amiibo.
Confirmed games include:
Sonic Project 2017
Cube Life: Island Survival HD
Dungeon Of Zaar
Lego City Undercover Upgraded Port
Untitled Nobunaga’s Ambition Game
Untitled 3D Super Mario Game
Untitled NBA Game
Untitled Pokemon Game
RISE: Race the Future
The Sacred Hero
Seasons of Heaven
Tank it!
And now for all the rumours. These have all either been widely reported or reported by reputable sources. These are listed below in order of how likely they are to occur with the top-most rumours being almost guaranteed based on evidence and our knowledge of the industry. That’s not to say all of these things won’t happen just don’t get too excited for the features towards the bottom of the list.
EA are bringing Skyrim Remastered to the Switch. This was seen in the trailer and is all but confirmed.
Enhanced ports of Wii U games including Mario Kart 8, Splatoon and Smash Bros.
The dock will be sold separately so you can dock your Switch console on multiple TV’s easily. Plugging in to the dock will improve system performance slightly, enabling 1080p output for games that support it.
Patents have shown the Switch may implement VR similar to how the Samsung Gear works (where you will place the console in a headset you attach to your head)
The same patents show a touchscreen display, USB C for charging and plugging into the dock, gyroscope functionality and IR sensors in the Joycons. These are all likely to be implemented into the final design
The Switch will have a GameCube Virtual Console with the best games in it’s library set to make an appearance close to launch including Super Mario Sunshine, Luigi’s Mansion and Super Smash Bros. Melee.
Pricing will begin at around $250 and the rumoured release date is March 2017. It is expected the console will launch within the same week worldwide.
A Dark Souls collection/trilogy will be coming to the Switch with all DLC included
Other rumoured games include a Mario and Rabbids property RPG crossover, a port of Xenoblade Chronicles X, Pikmin 4 and Beyond Good & Evil
The Switch may be region free.
An enhanced third version of Pokemon Sun & Moon named Pokemon Stars will come to the Switch
Let us know what you think in the comments below and tell us what you believe is true and what isn’t. Personally I think almost all of these things will happen, with the Pokemon Stars news being the least likely only due to Pokemon’s legacy of being on a handheld. All will be revealed come January 13th.
Nathan Farrugia
Nathan Farrugia - Editor at Capsule Computers. Raised on a Super Nintendo playing Donkey Kong Country, I'm a gamer who loves consoles and handhelds. Also a massive Dragon Ball fan and competitive Pokemon player. Don't be afraid to leave comments on my articles, I love to read them and reply!
Nintendo bringing Zelda’s 25th to Flipnote Studio…
New Zelda Comes to 3DS
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I train because i have to, but CR7 trains because he love to – Ronaldo Nazario
Despite the fact that they share a name, Ronaldo and Cristiano Ronaldo couldn’t be progressively unique regarding their methodology, the Brazilian has asserted.
Indeed, one of the significant things that separates them is their way to deal with traning and keeping it.
“We are diverse as far as our situation on the field and our method for translating the game, regardless of whether Cristiano does now play in an increasingly focal position,” Ronaldo told La Gazzetta dello Sport.
“He has an alternate method for moving toward the goal concerning how I did, regardless of whether our goal was the equivalent.
“I think we are possibly equivalent in our craving to score goals yet it is no incident that Cristiano has come to 33 years old in this sort of frame.
“There are so couple of players who deal with their body as he does and still wants to move forward.
“I’m not saying the manner in which we approach preparing is direct inverse however it is absolutely extraordinary.
“I prepared in light of the fact that I needed to, he does it since he loves it.”
The previous Real Madrid forward likewise demanded that given the distinctive periods the combine contended in, they just can’t be thought about, while additionally recognizing that World Cup exhibitions in a Ballon d’Or year have an enormous influence in deciding the outcome.
“We are nine years separated yet the years in which we played are altogether different,” clarified the previous Brazil international.
“I would prefer not to state that the time I played in was progressively troublesome yet we confronted diverse circumstances with various groups.
“As far as the Ballon d’Or, we the players made it unmistakable and everybody knows it, it is a prize that is dictated by the outcomes.
“In the World Cup, Luka Modric and Croatia had a superior competition than Portugal and Cristiano did.”
← Arsenal confirms Holding may miss 9 months of play to injury
Sad as Chelsea ends Man City’s unbeaten run →
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Nathalie Viruly is an Honours in Curatorship student. As part of the honours programme she takes the core course Critical Thinking in Curatorship in which the students visit a different archive, collection or permanent exhibition within Cape Town every week. During these field-trips critical engagement with display practices is encouraged, often in order to look at how repositories of the past continue to affect the present. Last week the class went on a walking tour of the Cape Town city centre to activate parts of the city they may not have noticed before and explore its public art and monuments. Viruly writes on her experience of this below.
Cities are filled with movement but also moments of pause. Pouring out of buses, taxis and trains, transport becomes bipedal. There is a physicality to cities and their workforce. But not all bodies within the city move with a commuter-like brisk. Some lean against pillars, settle on stairs, have a cigarette standing, some take a break from work while others linger in the hope of kindness.
Walking around Cape Town, I became interested in ideas of movement and rest in relation to monuments and sites of heritage. Cape Town, given apartheid city planning, is made accessible to black bodies in exchange for their labour. After hours, these workers return to their designated homes, and Cape Town becomes a traditional museum - silent and spacious. I’m interested in the physicality of walking as a curatorial practice but also the act of resting. How do commuters engage with these public objects?
I wish to focus on two specific spaces that speak to this notion of rest. The Slave Monument on Church Square is the first. While its function is not rest related, various people use the eleven black granite blocks as seating. The granite slabs are low-lying, at sitting height, and not easily recognisable as a monument given the lack of imformation surrounding them. As we walked by I noticed a woman sitting on a block talking on the phone, and I wondered if it was ignorance, city planning or exhaustion that led to such an act. Was her rest an act of disruption to western monumental standards? Does her body reclaim the space and right to rest?
As we continued walking, we came across two memorial benches at Krotoa Place. The one bench was identical to that at the Castle of Good Hope. The other bench is part of the RockGirl collective - an initiative that has placed over 50 benches in busy areas as safe spaces for women. A third bench was destroyed in 2015 by Khoisan activists who found it disrespectful to sit on a historical figure’s face. These same activists criticised the wooden bench at the Castle to which management responded - "It’s a marker, a memorial of her final resting place and a place for people to sit next to and honour her. It is not meant to be sat on,” ( February, 2016).
This statement is confusing given that memorial benches are premised on the notion of pause and reflection. One could argue that a bench counters the traditional, western form of memorialisation in ostentatious bronze. But I’m left thinking about the appropriateness of these benches as memorials for historical women who are already misunderstood and shadowed in society.
I’m intrigued by the idea of monuments acting as intentional and unintentional seats given the politics of sitting and standardised mourning etiquette. Imposing one's body on a memorial is often thought to be disrespectful, yet these memorials are placed in busy places with little other public seating. City planners and heritage practitioners’ curatorial insensitivity towards contemporary workers alters the function of these spaces.
Perhaps using historical women as a place of rest is empowering for present labouring bodies, but it also buys into binary notions of women as emotional labourers and carers. Monuments that represent women in these static, domestic, methods fail to show the dynamism of women. They limit women to passive, unclear, objects. While they offer rest, why must women, even in memoriam, hold and comfort bodies?
Reference List:
February, S. 2016.Khoisan Chief’s Unhappy Over Bankie Honour. Daily Voice. 24 August.
Grillo, I. & Brauner, M. n.d. Walking as a Form of Critical Curating. Institution As Medium. Curating As Institutional Critique? 8(11): 15-18.
Words and photography by Nathalie Viruly.
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Insurgent commander killed in Meghalaya
Thu, Nov 21 2013 10:49:17 PM
Shillong, Nov 21 (IANS): A top commander of the outlawed Garo National Liberation Army (GNLA) was killed while another was nabbed from a second location Thursday in the insurgency-hit Garo Hills region of Meghalaya, police said.
GNLA area commander Indian Sangma, who is believed to be behind the killing of two civilians two months ago at Garodoba village under the Ampati assembly constituency of Chief Minister Mukul Sangma, died in a gunfight with commandos of the Special Weapons and Tactics (SWAT).
"Indian Sangma was killed in a gunfight after he and three of his associates escaped from their hideout at Sonabil area. The rebels, instead of surrendering, opened fire at the commandos, leading to the gunfight," West Garo Hills district police chief Mukesh Kumar Singh told IANS.
Singh said the presence of the GNLA rebels in Sonabil area came to light following the arrest of another rebel Jackuis A. Sangma from Damalgre area in Tura Thursday morning.
He said the commandos also recovered a pistol and a magazine besides incriminating material from the dead rebel.
"Indian Sangma is one of the most wanted rebels by Meghalaya Police for his involvement in the killing of two civilians at Garodoba and carrying out extortion and kidnappings," the police official said.
Though three rebels managed to escape, Singh said the commandos have cordoned off the area to nab them.
Thursday's incidents were major successes for Meghalaya Police following the arrest of four GNLA rebels from two locations in West Garo Hills Wednesday.
The GNLA, outlawed by the central government, forged an operational alliance with the United Liberation Front of Asom (ULFA) and the National Democratic Front of Bodoland (NDFB), which provided it access to sophisticated arms and ammunition.
Title : Insurgent commander killed in Meghalaya
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Why I Do What I Do
by Daniel Simpson
An essay about my relationship with practice
Embodying Soul: Finding Freedom From Iyengar Yoga Discipline
"[It] is imperative that the sociologist submit himself to the fire of action in situ; that to the greatest extent possible he put his own organism, sensibility, and incarnate intelligence at the epicenter of the array of material and symbolic forces that he intends to dissect..."
Loïc Wacquant1
To uninitiated foreigners used to yoga in gyms, or giant heated parquet studios, the Patanjala Yoga Kendra2 in Rishikesh can resemble an esoteric torture chamber. Its stark white walls and marble floor reflect an icy pre-dawn wind, which whistles down off Himalayan peaks through open windows. At 7:30 a.m., in mid-winter fog, devoted yogis start arriving. None are Indian. The only locals in sight are two women who polish the entrance, a departing night watchman and the pot-bellied manager, who opens the door to the hallowed practice hall. Minutes later, this room is strewn with weird equipment.
Some of it might be familiar to fitness enthusiasts: hard foam blocks and buckled straps are workout staples, and an angular frame by the doorway looks like a female gymnast's beam. But what to make of the sandbags perched on a woman's outstretched thighs, or the barbell plates she keeps adding to pin her hamstrings to the tiles? From the grimace as she folds her guts across the weights, transcendent bliss seems some way off.
And so it should be, according to the "Rules & Regulations" on the yoga centre website,3 which decree: "neither freedom nor beatitude is possible without discipline." A walk-in cupboard is packed with contraptions that enforce it. Among the racks of blankets, mats and bolsters stand less cushioned sorts of objects: thick metal bars, broom-handle poles and wooden slatted boxes with curved-contour tops that might be sauna cures for hunchbacks.
Perhaps the strangest of these items is the "stump": a couple of feet's worth of two-by-four lumber screwed into a base plate. A wiry German hauls it out towards a wall, against which he kneels and grinds his hipbones. Arching back to wedge the stump between his shoulder blades, he rolls his deltoids further down towards his heels to make the posture more intense. His temples bulge until a stopwatch beeps in mercy.
"My God!" screams a middle-aged woman by his side. Her lilting English has a strong Swiss accent, although the last 30 years of her life have been spent in India. "Really," she exclaims, giving each word equal stress, "I don't know what you think you are doing in your practice!"
It takes a while to digest that these comments are aimed at me. I am balanced on my head by a wall, trying not to fall over. I realise that the speaker is a teacher; I first came here the previous evening for her class. She gave blizzards of detailed instructions in simple poses, which we held until I shook. Then she told us to come in the morning for "self-practice". I had hoped to avoid her piercing gaze; instead, she prods me in the ribs.
"Everything puffing here," she says. "See what has happened to his back." To my horror, a group of students gathers round: half a dozen of the keenest run their eyes along my spine.
"Compression," nods a young Israeli with a buzz cut. He thwacks a palm against the small of my back to make his point. The others grunt to show assent.
"Now look at the elbows," the teacher continues.
"They're not in line!" the Israeli scoffs.
"Not at all," she says. "Everything crooked, all the way from the ground." She switches focus back to me. "I don't know why you want to start with headstand when you don't know what is straight. Come down." I obey with a thud.
"You know what Guruji is saying?" she enquires. I glance up blankly. Her eyes are sparkling. "Crooked body, crooked mind."
"Guruji" is B.K.S. Iyengar, whose ramrod form adorns the walls in faded photos. Several of these are culled from Light on Yoga: a handbook of poses first published in 1966. Yoga Journal calls this text "the ultimate reference manual," because "when teachers refer to the correct way to do a posture, they're usually alluding to the alignment Mr Iyengar instructs and expertly models."4 He taught the woman in front of me personally, and his method forms the basis of her own. I struggle to say I was upside down at his suggestion. When I quibbled the night before, she slapped my head.
I had been trying since I woke to obey her injunction that "one should establish the habit of moving one's bowels every day in the early morning."5 The "regulations" alerted me to drawbacks of not doing so: yogic postures "do not come smoothly and subtleties are not grasped."6 Wary of seeking assistance from caffeine (another rule bans tea and coffee: like drink and drugs, they "create confusion, weaken the energy and destroy the sense of discipline"), I had consulted Light on Yoga. Iyengar informed me: "Topsy-turvy poses help bowel movement," so "if the student is constipated [...] start with Sirsasana [headstand]."7
In exchange for protesting, I get my headstand ripped apart. The Israeli takes personal charge of this endeavour. He straps a pole between two wall hooks as a plumb-line, and hems my elbows in with weights. A debate breaks out about wonky-looking shoulders: which joint in my weaker arm must be at fault? The Israeli says all of them. He opts to fix this with a splint, strapping two rods of iron across my left elbow, and tightening a belt around the same bicep to roll the shoulder out. This rules out headstands, so I try doing poses with straight limbs. Within minutes, a student laughs. "His hand is blue!"
The teacher looks up from contortions on a chair. She dismisses this objection with a wave. "Let him work," she says. "For now it is OK."
"How blue would be too blue?" I ask. No answer comes. Eventually, I take off the belts and go for breakfast. The Israeli remains for the full four hours of practice time.
B.K.S. Iyengar's take on yoga is so influential that it appears in Oxford dictionaries. The eponymous technique is defined as "focusing on the correct alignment of the body, making use of straps, wooden blocks, and other objects as aids."8 Yet before Iyengar's death,9 he argued labels missed the point. "People, for convenience's sake, brand my practice as Iyengar Yoga," he said.10 "I just try to get the physical body in line with the mental body, the mental body with the intellectual body, and the intellectual body with the spiritual body, so they are balanced."11 He was a stickler for bodily precision because of its impact on the mind. "Beyond that, I don't think I've done anything," he said. "It's just pure traditional yoga, from our ancestors, from our gurus, from Patanjali."12
Leaving aside the lack of postural guidance from Patanjali (whose Yoga Sutra barely tells us how to sit),13 Iyengar's yoga was in constant reinvention. "To a yogi, the body is a laboratory," he said after 70 years of practice, "a field of experimentation and perpetual research".14 He was constantly dreaming up ways to make postures accessible. Teachers who flocked to his institute in Pune noted every innovation, forgetting that some were impromptu tips to specific students. This bred confusion,15 like Iyengar's own guru, who "said one thing at one time," then "used to contradict the same at another time."16
Although Iyengar turned postures into higher forms of yoga, by making them portals to inward focus and awareness,17 he first performed them as a public entertainment. "It was my guru's duty to provide for the edification and amusement of [his patron's] entourage," he said, "by putting his students - of whom I was one of the youngest - through their paces and showing off their ability to stretch and bend their bodies."18
On the surface, Iyengar yoga seems a paradox: essentially physical, yet with spiritual aspirations. Few of its senior teachers fuse both aspects. Iyengar himself combined them in a sentence. "Alignment leads to enlightenment," he said: "using the power of the body with a skilful brain is nothing but surrender to God."19 In Patanjali's terms, God is merely an object of yogic concentration; another way to perceive oneself as "pure, unchanging, content-less consciousness."20 The body can serve this purpose just as well, if we detach from its achievements.
The teacher in Rishikesh found this tricky to begin with.21 She only started a postural practice in her thirties, having long been immersed in yoga culture. Born in Switzerland, she travelled to India as a young woman and met an ascetic, with whom she later had a child. After wandering the country and living in caves, they moved into an ashram by the Ganges, where she would chant the names of Gods. She was even known by one herself: Usha Devi.
Initially, Usha got hooked on rousing backbends. "I practiced daily with full enthusiasm," she recalls.22 "It was wonderful. My back pain and headaches disappeared. I was more relaxed, not so tense and stressed." Everything changed one day when a bus knocked her off her scooter.23 One knee was crushed, a femur snapped, and a shinbone stuck out. She spent four months in hospital and had 18 operations. Once she could hobble around on a stick, she asked Iyengar for assistance. He got her working with props to do modified poses: she might hold herself up using ropes, or stretch her legs out from a chair.24
Her fears of making injuries worse soon disappeared, but the twinges in her limbs remained intense. "Guruji became quite harsh," Usha Devi remembers.25 He demanded forbearance, saying: "you are living in an ashram and you cannot face this much of pain?" One morning, as she bent over backwards on a stool, "Guruji came and pushed my chin down with his leg." This adjustment left her "really relaxed and smiling," she says, even though Iyengar told her to "remember one thing, I can break your leg also."26 She asked him: "why are you talking to me like this now that I am little confident?" He replied: "if you behave like this and resist all the time then of course I will break your something!" For Usha, this threat marked a turning point. "From then onwards," she says, "my whole attitude changed."27
Within five years, she was back in hospital.28 Another accident broke both her femurs. Further surgery left her bedridden for eight months. She worried less, because "I knew Guruji would help."29 As he taught her to move again, her practice was transformed. Since emulating poses from Light on Yoga was impossible, she studied the actions that enable them. A decade later, she walks with a limp, but has a deeper grasp of yoga. "I only learned to penetrate after my accidents," she says.30 "Before I was just doing, only flexible for showing." Now, she feels "able to maintain what I have regained, and for this I have to practice every day".31 She learned a "hard truth", she says: "it takes mental strength to pursue physical endurance."32
B.K.S. Iyengar in adho mukha svanasana33
Usha's classes aim to forge that in her students. She holds them in poses for up to 10 minutes and barks commands, as here in downward-facing dog (adho mukha svanasana):34
"Make the arms strong and solid, elbows straight, upper arms extend upwards completely, come on! Then open your armpits and extend the side trunk also upwards. No one should drop the side trunk... Then open your bottom of the foot completely, come on spread your toes! Even the skin of the heel has to lengthen... So become tall and lift the sitting bones higher upwards, and roll the front thighs in, back thighs open from in to out completely... And then push the shinbone, push the heels, push the thighs backwards, and then press the metatarsals down into the floor... And then lift the shinbone up, lift the thighs up, so the flesh of the front thighs should touch the skin of the back of the thighs, and make the calf muscles longer and back thighs lift upwards. Come on, kneecap has to go into the knee! And extend the trunk upwards. Shoulder blades have to go upwards towards the ceiling and not towards the head side... Make the inner and outer armpit long. And when I speak about the armpits, again the knees are falling forwards. Knees, thighs back completely, push the middle thigh more and more backwards. See how that is bulging, so push that middle thigh backwards, come on! Push yourself away from the floor. Don't fall into the floor. See, no actions in the legs. Nothing! Where are the solid arms? They are so loose! Open the armpits. Don't fall into your palms. Push yourself back! Push! Yes. That has to come. Come on! Did I say come down? Eh? Nobody should come down..."
Confronted by burning sensations and running commentary, the mind is occupied. Or as one of Iyengar's students put it: "His own term for this is 'meditation in action' - being absorbed in the action while it is being performed."35 Usha Devi has a similar statement on her website: "students are often astonished by the level of personal application and awareness that they are able to achieve during her classes."36 There is only one drawback: they find it hard to maintain the intensity alone.37 Many teachers had this experience with Iyengar.38 "I always knew how attached I was to him," one confessed before he died.39 "I count on going to India every year, being in his presence, and coming back ignited."
Ironically, Iyengar's own teacher dismissed him after two years.40 They kept in touch, but relations were strained despite family ties: his guru, Tirumalai Krishnamacharya, was also his brother-in-law. "Guruji had a frightful personality," Iyengar wrote later.41 "He would hit us hard on our backs as if with iron rods. We were unable to forget the severity of his actions for a long time. My sister also was not spared from such blows."
We know little about the recluse who taught Krishnamacharya, but he is said to have been "a harsh taskmaster,"42 whose "uncompromising attitude" was "mirrored in Krishnamacharya's own tough teaching style."43 Iyengar shared this violence with his students, who used to joke his initials stood for Bang, Kick and Slap;44 all of which they received and mostly rationalised. "It's true he might give somebody a slap," one of them conceded, "but that slap would wake up that part of the body so you didn't forget it."45
In the "field" of Iyengar yoga, to use Pierre Bourdieu's term for "an independent social universe with its own laws of functioning, its specific relations of force, its dominants and its dominated,"46 the "particular form of capital" is control. Authoritarian teachers enforce a dogma of alignment based on Iyengar's demonstrations, even though his example proves perfection is elusive.47 As he remarked of his own experience with his guru: "whatever he wanted me to do, I was doing wrong."48
Around the world, local governing bodies ensure most classes feel the same. "Never fail to admonish your pupil for mistakes," Iyengar cautions in the UK Teachers' Handbook.49 "Never praise a pupil," he continues.50 "The moment you lavish praise, you are praising your own self." Strictness is almost a synonym for Iyengar. Those trained in his method "are not permitted to teach any form of yoga other than that which has been approved by BKS Iyengar."51 He used to award all certificates personally, before the process was bureaucratised. There are now at least a dozen hierarchical grades, from Introductory to Senior Advanced, plus such honorific titles as the "Most Senior Leading Teachers of the UK," reflecting instincts to pull rank.
This uptight edge scares students off. "What's the knock on Iyengar Yoga?" an American teacher once asked peers.52 "We are rigid. We are harsh. We are boring. We are arrogant. We are unfriendly." His suggested solutions rang less true. "If our intention is to share with others the great joy we have experienced," he said, "we will cultivate an attitude of friendliness, delight, and charity towards those with whom we come into contact."53
When Iyengar retired in 1984 (although he carried on teaching for 30 years when in the mood), two of his children took over classes at the institute. His daughter Geeta was his chief amanuensis, systematising postural techniques.54 She inherited Iyengar's fierceness, scolding students not only for errors but their impact on her health, which has got so bad she can barely walk. Her physique has ballooned despite her mastery of yoga, and being an Ayurvedic doctor. "See what you people have done to me!" she yells,55 as if she had no choice about whether to teach or rest in bed. Such public resentment was not directed at her father, though he treated her "not as his daughter but as a pupil."56 She also cooked for him for 40 years after her mother died.57
Now that Geeta is 70 and frail, it may not be long until the mantle is passed to Iyengar's granddaughter. He trained her hard until his death, saying: "I have shown you all these things, now realise them for yourself."58 This was a change from the way he was taught, while preserving some of its enigma. "Guruji did not explain to me any of the principles or subtleties of yoga," Iyengar said,59 not even pranayama breath techniques, with which he struggled.60 Everything had to be figured out alone.
Over the course of six visits to Rishikesh in three years, I fell out of love with Iyengar yoga. I had discovered it 10 years earlier when depressed, and it had slowly changed my life. I began as a cannabis addict, mostly hiding at home from what I felt, which was mostly anxious. Going to classes stopped me smoking joints all day. I felt too scared to turn up stoned. Teachers saw through me, to alien parts of my anatomy: they made me lift my "dorsal spine" and "armpit chest". I got out of my mind in novel ways, and into feelings in my body. At first, I felt too tight to touch my shins, let alone my toes. But repeating postures soon worked magic: I felt less self-conscious around middle-aged women, who appeared more capable than me.
Before long, it seemed progress plateaued. Yoga became a substitute addiction. I went to classes to offset the stress that built up in the meantime. Although my downward spiral stopped, I failed to alter deeper tendencies. Iyengar foresaw this. "Yoga is a powerful tool for liberating ourselves from unwanted, ingrained patterns," he said: "we identify, acknowledge and progressively change them."61 Yet "unconditioned freedom" might be elusive, because "yoga sees even good habits as a form of conditioning or limitation."62
The more I practiced, the more I doubted my priorities. If, as Loïc Wacquant argues,63 learning occurs through "a set of acquired dispositions" known as "habitus", then yoga is a "social competency that is an embodied competency," whose "organized practices of inculcation" operate "beneath the level of consciousness and discourse."64 In classes, I learned to fold blankets with neurotic precision (to promote alignment, and stop my teachers freaking out), to chant verses of Sanskrit in praise of a snake-like graven image (which may have depicted an ancient sage, who may not have compiled the Yoga Sutra),65 and to wear bulbous "bloomer" shorts with elasticated legs (letting teachers see flesh without compromising modesty, while showing allegiance to the tribe: no other form of yoga features toddler-training underwear). In short, I was schooled in obedience in the name of liberation.
Adopting these basic conventions had helped me fit in, yet they detached me from my instincts. Instead, I developed what Wacquant calls "a cultivated instinct,"66 becoming "a socialized animal"67 to the point of securing approval from Usha Devi. After months of intensive training in her practice hall, she sometimes asked me to demonstrate postures to my peers, shouting: "Daniel, you do!" before she pointed out the flaws.
I once enjoyed being told what to do, until I sensed the limitations. Few teachers seemed bubbly and joyful or at ease, which left me doubting their obsessive self-improvement. I felt dependent on going to classes and ashamed of it. Whenever I practiced alone, I soon got bored. There were so many postures to work on and few clear ways to go about it. If I followed a sequence from books, it meant I failed to find my own. I often thought of giving up, but feared I was running from myself. I had recently read that: "A well-known ancient saying in India holds that the attitude of the student determines the quality of the teacher."68 And as a lapsed Iyengar teacher said: "The people most drawn to that practice need it least."69 I was already a guilty control freak as an addict. Did I really need to be more perfectionist, or self-flagellating?
Such questions refused to be ducked in Rishikesh. I went there to learn how to practice, and I made my problems worse. Competing with the eager Israeli, I sat in a wide-angled pose every morning, balancing weights across both of my groins to spread the hips. One leg went numb. Other efforts to work on errors fared no better. Repeating mistakes in a sun salutation gave one of my shoulders repetitive strain injury: no matter how I tried to adapt it, the upper arm kept rolling in. A local doctor prescribed eating meat (although the town is vegetarian by law),70 and said postural yoga was for teenagers.
I only started to practice intensively in my late thirties. Something clearly had to change. I felt strong by the time I left India, but plagued by injuries. I decided to try an alternative approach: Ashtanga Vinyasa. Popularised by K. Pattabhi Jois, who had the same guru as Iyengar, its more vigorous style is what both learned. Iyengar dismissed it as "raw", unlike his own "fine, juicy" version, which "flew over what my Guruji taught."71 To Iyengar, Ashtanga was "jumpings", an inferior "yoga of motion" to the comparatively static "yoga of action" he devised.72 "People are excited by motion," he scoffed, "because the external mind gets the vibration. But I want the inner mind to get the vibration. So that is jump I made from Krishnamacharya teaching."73
It almost seemed counterintuitive: switching to a system that played to my weaknesses. Ashtanga features sun-salutation-style transitions in most poses. Nonetheless, it freed me up to do things differently. I could be a beginner again, while drawing on a decade of experience. No longer concerned about trying to fit in, I wore Iyengar "bloomers" and stepped back and forth between each pose to spare my shoulder. As Loïc Wacquant observed, "it is the trained body that is the spontaneous strategist; it knows, understands, judges and reacts all at once."74 This fusion "erases the scholastic distinction between the intentional and the habitual,"75 and embodies the conscious self in focused action.
When Iyengar instructors teach "jumpings", they resemble his put-down of Ashtanga. He even modelled it himself.76 Bristling, he'd shout out names of random poses, connecting them too quickly for most of his students to keep up. In Ashtanga, the sequence is fixed. Patthabi Jois used to count people slowly through each breath, which allows for graceful execution.77 In my experience, breath-led movement facilitates evenness of mind, and helps avert the risk of injury; Iyengar-style "jumpings" make me jitter and get hurt.
Neither method is inherently superior. Each has its advantages and faults. But combining them helped me learn to teach myself, and others too. I had felt too inadequate to think of sharing what I knew, as if an inner Usha Devi screamed "my God!" at the very idea. When I first led classes I was terrified, until the process of doing it forced me to find my "spontaneous strategist". The bullying I had recoiled from disappeared. I felt no urge to humiliate students to shatter their egos, or to shout so my will was upheld over minor blunders, like putting "the wrong leg" forward first.
I no longer expect any system to offer "the answer". What I teach is a hybrid, combining Iyengar's attention to detail with a playful taste of flow. Ashtanga's sequences serve as a template I can modify, changing postures to suit people's bodies, instead of vice versa, as some Iyengar teachers preach.78 "Practice and all is coming," Jois advised.79 It feels at last like I might be learning where to start.
Loïc Wacquant, Body and Soul: Notebooks of an Apprentice Boxer (New York: Oxford University Press, 2004), viii. ↩
Between December 2011 and March 2014, I made half a dozen trips to India to study intensively at the Patanjala Yoga Kendra and other venues. The episode recounted here occurred on December 6, 2011. I had been attending weekly classes in London for several years, but was a novice in terms of practicing alone. ↩
"Rules & Regulations," Omkarananda Ganga Sadan Patanjala Yoga Kendra, accessed December 19, 2014. ↩
"Light on Iyengar," Yoga Journal, Sep-Oct, 2005, 94. ↩
"Rules & Regulations." ↩
Ibid. ↩
B.K.S. Iyengar, Light on Yoga (London: George Allen & Unwin, 1966), 57. ↩
Concise Oxford English Dictionary, 12th ed., s.v. "Iyengar". ↩
B.K.S. Iyengar died on August 20, 2014, aged 95. ↩
Diane Anderson, "The Namesake," Yoga Journal, Dec 2008, 120. Extended interview accessed online, December 22, 2014. ↩
For an overview of scholarship on Patanjali, see: David Gordon White, The Yoga Sutra of Patanjali: A Biography (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2014). ↩
B.K.S. Iyengar, Light on Life (London: Rodale, 2005), 22. ↩
Personal experience of studying with senior Iyengar teachers round the world; echoed by peers. ↩
B.K.S. Iyengar, Astadala Yogamala, Volume 1 (Mumbai: Allied Publishers, 2000), 23-4. ↩
Karl Baier, "Iyengar and the Yoga Tradition", trans. Muki Daniel and Helmuth Hausberger, B.K.S. Iyengar Yoga Teachers' Association News Magazine, Winter 1995, 12-32; accessed online, September 29, 2014. ↩ ↩
Iyengar, Light on Life, xix. ↩
Daniel Simpson, "China: The New Yoga Superpower," Yoga International, Winter 2011-12, 47. ↩
Philipp Maas, "The So-called Yoga of Suppression in the Patanjala Yogasastra," in Yogic Perception, Meditation, and Altered States of Consciousness, ed. Eli Franco and Dagmar Eigner (Vienna: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 2009), 277. ↩
Biographical information drawn from multiple conversations with Usha Devi, between 2011 and 2014. ↩
Usha Devi, "From Doubt to Conviction", Yoga Rahasya, Vol. 13, No. 2 (2006), accessed December 19, 2014. ↩
T. Surendar, "23 surgeries, then yoga," Times of India, January 6, 2008, accessed December 19, 2014. ↩
Conversation with Usha Devi, March 3, 2014. ↩
Devi, "From Doubt to Conviction." ↩
Surendar, "23 surgeries." ↩
Iyengar, Light on Yoga, 110. ↩
Class with Usha Devi, February 22, 2013. ↩
"Retrospective on Silva Mehta," accessed December 22, 2014. ↩
"Usha Devi," accessed December 21, 2014. ↩
Personal experience, echoed in conversations with numerous fellow practitioners. ↩
Kofi Busia, ed., Iyengar: The Yoga Master (Boston: Shambhala, 2007). ↩
Ibid., 50. ↩
Iyengar, Astadala Yogamala, 27. ↩
Mark Singleton and Tara Fraser, "T. Krishnamacharya, Father of Modern Yoga," in Gurus of Modern Yoga, ed. Mark Singleton and Ellen Goldberg (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014), 91. ↩
"Yoga: Head to Toe", BBC World Service, broadcast January 16, 2001, accessed December 23, 2014. ↩
Silvia Prescott, "My teacher, Mr Iyengar," The Guardian, August 23, 2014, accessed December 27, 2014. ↩
Pierre Bourdieu, The Field of Cultural Production (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1993), 163. ↩
Although Iyengar teachers speak about "Guruji" as if he were infallible, some of the photos in Light on Yoga show basic errors they correct. In the simplest standing posture, Tadasana (Light on Yoga, 61) Iyengar has a kink in one wrist that once earned me a slap from a teacher. ↩
Teachers' Handbook, October 2013 ed., issued to certified teachers by Iyengar Yoga (UK) Ltd, 3. ↩
John Schumacher, "Iyengar Yoga and the Power of Intention", Keynote Address to New England Regional Iyengar Yoga Conference, October 17, 2009; archived online (in PDF, 11-12), accessed December 29, 2014. ↩
The Iyengar institute in Pune sells a range of books and DVDs by Geeta Iyengar called Yoga in Action. ↩
Comment by Geeta Iyengar during a class at the institute in Pune, October 2013. ↩
Geeta Iyengar, Yoga: A Gem for Women (Mumbai: Allied Publishers, 1997), xiv. ↩
Anna Dubrovsky, "The Other Iyengar," Yoga International, Winter 2012-13, 60-1. ↩
"Yogacharya B.K.S. Iyengar," Iyengar Yoga National Association of the United States, accessed December 29, 2014. ↩
Ibid., 62-67. ↩
Iyengar, Light on Life, 134. ↩
Loïc Wacquant, "Habitus as Topic and Tool: Reflections on Becoming a Prizefighter," Qualitative Research in Psychology 8 (2011): 85-86. ↩
As David Gordon White concludes in The Yoga Sutra of Patanjali, 234: the work "may or may not be titled the Yoga Sutra", its author "may or may not have been named Patanjali" and it "may or not have been the subject of an original and separate commentary by a person probably not named Vyasa," as once thought. ↩
Loïc Wacquant, "The social logic of sparring: on the body as practical strategist," in Physical Culture, Power and the Body, ed. Jennifer Hargreaves and Patricia Vertinsky (Abingdon: Routledge, 2007), 155. ↩
A.G. Mohan, Krishnnamacharya: His Life and Teachings (Boston: Shambhala, 2010), 11. ↩
Comment from a conversation with a former Iyengar teacher in Boston, September 25, 2008. ↩
Daniel Simpson, "Yoga Hideout, German Bakery," Roads and Kingdoms, March 2, 2013, accessed December 29, 2014. ↩
"Iyengar on Yoga," [2005] YouTube video clip, accessed December 28, 2014. ↩
Wacquant, "The social logic of sparring," 156. ↩
"Iyengar teaching 'Ashtanga' 1977," YouTube video clip, accessed December 28, 2014. ↩
"Primary Series with Sri K. Pattabhi Jois," [1993] YouTube video clip, accessed December 28, 2014. ↩
Despite the Iyengar method's frequent use of props to teach the body basic actions, the "final pose" remains a goal, however distant. To quote a senior teacher in London (from a class on January 20, 2015): "Yoga is pure. We must adapt ourselves to the poses, not adapt them to ourselves." ↩
"Practice and all is coming", Yoga Journal, October 29, 2009, two-part compilation of interviews accessed December 30, 2014 [part two here]. ↩
Posted in Writing, Yoga, Daniel
tagged with Practice
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Bernardo Bertolucci – Kevin Spacey Should Have Gotten Off Ridley Scot-Free
Sam Robeson - May 2, 2018
Younger generations might know AVN award-winning porn producer Bernardo Bertolucci for bringing Eva Green's off-white dinner plates to the big screen in The Dreamers, but older cinemaphiles know him as the man who watched over Marlon Brando (old ugly fat Brando, not young attractive one. This is important because let's say it together - you can't be molested by a hot person) butt rape unwitting nineteen-year-old Maria Schneider with a stick of butter as lubricant in Last Tango in Paris. Now Bertolucci - the same man who said he surprised Maria because he wanted her "reaction as a girl, not as an actress" on set during the shameless Land O'Lakes ad placement - is coming to Kevin Spacey's defense after he was booted from a movie project simply for following his heart on.
For those who need a refresher, following news that Kevin Spacey was running an XXX daycare for young teen boys throughout his career, he was digitally removed of the flick All the Money in the World and replaced with Christopher Plummer. Last night Bertolucci, who apparently is still alive, was on hand at some event commemorating the newly restored version of Last Tango in Paris. He took the opportunity to call out All the Money in the World director Ridley Scott for his decision to validate the h8ers coming for Spacey:
When I learned that Ridley Scott had agreed to eliminate the scenes of All the Money in the World in which Kevin Spacey was playing, I sent a message to editor Peter Scalia to tell Scott that he should be ashamed. And then I immediately wanted to make a film with Spacey.
He followed this up by voicing his obligatory support for #MeThree!, stating that it brings "...awareness to violence against women around the world." Through gritted teeth. Don't worry Bernardo, I feel ya. If rape is so bad why does it feel so good. Schneider was pretty fucked up in the head following her role in Last Tango in Paris, leading Bertolucci to later state:
I had been, in a way, horrible to Maria because I didn’t tell her what was going on. I didn’t want Maria to act her humiliation, her rage. I wanted Maria to feel, not to act, the rage and humiliation.
How many boys has Spacey said that to. Something that will forever bond all men - gay or straight, rapist or non-rapist - is a love for young taint, and those who want to deny it are full of shit. Models don't look fifteen-years-old to satiate a man's uncontrollable primal urge to be a father figure. A universal commonality possibly endearing Spacey to Bertolucci. Ol' Bert wasn't sitting on the sidelines watching Maria get a sneak ass attack for the sake of cinema. Anyway, I don't know if I'd particularly want either of these guys in my corner of the ring, but I do know that I want them to team up Velma Kelly and Roxie Hart-style for one more go around before they both croak. For the erotic sequel "You Butter Believe It."
Photo Credit: Eva Green from Backgrid / Getty Images / Pacific Coast News
Tagged in: bernardo bertolucci , kevin spacey , ridley scott ,
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Scrooser: Not Quite a Segway, Kinda Like a Vespa
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King-Vaughan
Raney, Ann
Rizzo, Natalie
Schulte, Deb
Toubis, Konstantin
(107/149 polls, 82.96% of voters in new riding)
Hon. Julian Fantino
Oak Ridges-Markham
Momentum is definitely on the Liberal side in the end of the race. Time for some final calls. I thought this one would be tight, but actually it this point I think it will go Liberal with a bigger margin. Final call now for the Liberals.
This is a tough riding to predict and likely will depend on how final week of election turns out. Being open and no incumbent there isn't a clear advantage for either party. this area of Ontario looked very good for conservatives a week or so ago until liberals started to improve in the polls but its still the type of riding that is likely to be close . the ndp aren't much of a factor here so either Toubis or Schulte will take this riding depending on what happens.
At this point I'd say the Liberals are slightly ahead in this riding but it's probably going to be a very tight race with only 1 or 2% difference. TCTC, for now.
Vaughan Mayor Maurizio Bevilacqua officially endorsed Liberal candidate Deb Schulte this week.
It will be interesting to see if this gives her a boost of a few points in what could be a close race. Endorsements aren't usually huge game changers, but can sometimes be a minor boost.
Toubis has gotten in trouble once again, this time about Facebook posts. A person like this should not be serving in our House of Commons, and if the people of King-Vaughan agree, they will be parking their votes elsewhere.
The too close to call change isn't unreasonable for 2 reasons . 1. This is a new riding and has not existed in its exact boundaries before so its difficult to determine how election will play out here . 2 its an open riding and there is no incumbent and both main candidates have not run as a federal candidate before. Konstantin Toubis is a new candidate for the cpc and new to politics in York Region . liberal candidate Deborah Schulte has some municipal experience. But we must also keep in mind had it existed in 2011 it would of went conservative by a comfortable margin. But this is a different election and its likely to be closer so I'll wait to see how campaign plays out here .
15 08 03 Docere
When the Liberals were polling well in Ontario, this was definitely a winnable seat. However with the current polling numbers, the Liberals aren't in a position to win very many seats in York Region. Conservative hold.
Oddly, any 'progressive forceness' to Schulte might carry more traction in the 'bluer' parts of the seat (Kleinburg, King Township), where the politics of anti-development and environmental protection have been stronger--meanwhile, another node of outsized Con strength worth mentioning is the growing Jewish exurbs bordering onto Richmond Hill. But yes, the key to the Liberals' potential success remains Maple; and while it may not be specifically apropos to Schulte-type 'progressivism', it's probably been the most 'NDP-esque' node in Vaughan (well, at least insofar as the Dippers can poll much of the time in high teens rather than low teens or single digits). In sum: another one of those 905 seats which isn't necessarily as 'safe Con' as pundits rawly projecting from 2011's numbers think.
15 08 03 Poli Predictor
I think the Liberals will beat Julian Fantino in this riding. As they too have a strong Italian candidate with name recognition in Francesco Sorbara who is popular here. Yes, it will be close, but Sorbara will just knock off Fantino
Not sure what Prime Predictor is getting at.
The Liberals are seen as the progressive party in the 905. Deb Schulte has been a progressive force in council stopping some development along Pine Valley Drive and Rutherford Road in the basis of environmental protection.
King-Vaughan is not a Conservative stronghold. The largest community here Maple (probably accounts for 70% of the riding) leans Liberal, while the smaller communities such as Klienburg, Schomberg, Nobleton and King City are more Tory friendly.
The 30 point nominal lead in 2011 was due to the popularity of Fantino and unpopularity of Ignatieff. Neither are playing a role in this riding in 2015. The provincial Liberals in 2014 won this area by 27 point margin.
Either way it will be a close one, but I would say the Liberals will take it unless they continue to fall.
15 07 23 Prime Predictor
While the CPC saw its lesser of two nomination candidates nominated, the LPC also don't have a great candidate. Schulte has some name recognition, sure, but she lost her own council seat pretty badly, and a lot of her council seat falls in Vaughan-Woodbridge anyway. Also, if you know this riding, the previous predictor here saying that 'progressives adore her', sounds ridiculous. Even if this were true, there is no relevant progressive force in this riding. I'd even say it doesn't exist. Both parties missed out on taking the advantage by nominating an Italian.
Anyway, nothing significant to reverse a 30 point gap here. It'll go CPC.
15 07 05 NonPartisan
This will be a Liberal win. LPC's Deb Schulte has been a City councillor in the area for many years. The CPC's Toubis has been accused of intimidating and harassing other Conservative nomination candidates during the nomination battle. Toubis will have to mend bridges with his fellow Conservatives before he has a shot at this seat.
While not quite ready to call this, it does include King which despite being part of the GTA is still fairly rural and this should go Tory. Vaughan is a bit more difficult as it has a large Italian community who traditionally went strongly Liberal but being centre-right seems to swing quite heavily behind one or the other party and at this point its hard to say which one they will swing heavily behind.
15 03 22 Mrz
While Lib candidate Deb Schulte may have name recognition, the riding will go Conservative. Numbers show
The Liberals should be able to pick this one up. Polls show the Liberals and Tories are neck to neck in Ontario and the '905'. Most of electorate in this riding resides in Maple which leans more toward the Liberals. The Tories are stronger in Kleinburg, Nobleton and King City.
Former regional councillor Deb Schulte is running for the Liberals, while the Tories have nominated a real estate agent Konstantin Toubis. Neither candidate could be billed as a star candidate, however Schulte has more recognition and is adored by progressives.
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Planning an Event or Festival
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How to Plan Events and Meetings at Carnegie Library at Mt. Vernon Square
Are you planning your next event or meeting at the Carnegie Library at Mt. Vernon Square? Make the most of Carnegie LIbrary's simple elegance and modern amenities to create a space perfect for your event. Here is a guide on how to plan a seamless yet unforgettable event at the historic Library:
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5. Coordinate accommodations. Additionally, as one of the country’s most accessible cities in the heart of our nation’s capital, Carnegie Library has many convenient accommodations right at its doorstep, including the new Marriott Marquis Washington, DC. As one of the country’s most accessible cities, Washington, DC is surrounded by three major airports, Amtrak and a first-rate subway system that makes travel accommodations convenient for residents and visitors alike.
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801 Mt Vernon Place NW, Washington, DC 20001
The Convention Center features; stunning glass walls, magnificent interiors with gleaming granite floors, spectacular views of the DC skyline, industry-leading sustainable programs, and top-notch culinary packages.
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Carnegie Library offers nine ornate rooms, a 150-seat theater, dramatic staircases, an illuminated floor map of Washington, DC. The building is in the Beaux-Arts style and has a grand exterior plaza.
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Can hold up to 15,000 people
The DC Armory, one of the most versatile venues in the Mid-Atlantic region, features expansive interior features, retractable bleachers and substantial column-free exhibit space.
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Nationals Park features panoramic views of the riverfront and District landmarks. The cutting-edge architecture showcases innovative steel designs. The Park is a leader in sustainable practices utilizing state-of-the-art technology.
2700 Martin Luther King Jr Ave SE, Washington, DC 20032
Gateway DC is an innovative and unique state-of-the-art park, open-air amphitheater and pavilion in the Congress Heights neighborhood of Washington, DC. This versatile space has ample green space for the community and contains a multitude of opportunities for diverse cultural, artistic and musical programming and special events.
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Topic: Central Greece
Mount Othrys
Attica, Greece
Larissa, Greece
John Chishull
Kardhitsa
Prefectures of Greece
Central Greece : Introduction | Frommers.com
The name Central Greece (Sterea Ellada) dates from only 1821, when it was used as a shorthand term for the area of mainland Greece that had been liberated from the Turks.
In short, unlike the Peloponnese, which is clearly set off from the rest of Greece by the Corinth Canal, or Macedonia, which has a distinct identity, Central Greece is harder to define as to its character and territory.
Central Greece also has the dusty plain of Thessaly and the extraordinary cliffs and promontories of the monasteries of the Meteora.
www.frommers.com /destinations/centralgreece/1661010001.html (349 words)
fokida central greece, hotels, accommodations, amfissa, delphi, galaxidi central greece
The prefecture of Fokida stands in the center of Sterea Hellas (Central Greece) and at the south part it meets with the Corinthian Gulf.
It is an almost entirely mountainous area with Mt. Giona reaching a height of 2,510 meters and the ending of the mountain chain Parnassos to the east, creating a heavenly place for hikers, mountaineers, skiers and all nature lovers.
A wide range of elements that reflect the years that have passed, creating a proud history without changing the charm of the genuine Greek tradition.
www.united-hellas.com /tourism/fokida (368 words)
Greece Vacation Rentals - VRBO® is Vacation Rentals by Owner Greece - Greece Hotels, Greece Lodging, Greece Travel ...
Athens, Attica, Central Greece Exquisite Seashore Condo on the Aegean [#119325]
Athens, Attica, Central Greece Aeolos Villa Overlooking the Sparkling Waters of the Aegean [#102528]
Lavrio, Attica, Central Greece By the Sea; 45km from the Center of Athens [#4106]
www.vrbo.com /vacation-rentals/europe/greece (1436 words)
Greece - MSN Encarta
The mainland portion of Greece comprises the regions of Thrace and Macedonia in the north; Epirus, Thessaly (Thessalía), and Central Greece in the central section; and, in the south, Pelopónnisos, the Peloponnese Peninsula, which is connected to the rest of the mainland by the Isthmus of Corinth.
The central mountain area, the Pindus Mountains, extends in a north to south direction and is one of the most rugged, isolated, and sparsely populated parts of the country.
The south-eastern extremity of Central Greece, known as Attica, is broken into many isolated valleys and plains by mountain ridges.
uk.encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761572872/Greece.html (859 words)
World Almanac for Kids
The mainland portion of Greece comprises the regions of Thrace and Macedonia in the N; Epirus, Thessaly (Thessalía), and Central Greece in the central section; and, in the S, the Peloponnesus (Pelopónnisos), a peninsula, which is connected to the rest of the mainland by the Isthmus of Corinth.
The central mountain area, the Pindus Mts., which extends in a N to S direction, is one of the most rugged, isolated, and sparsely populated parts of the country.
The 1975 constitution of Greece guarantees the right to “freely establish and participate in political parties.” The largest parties in the mid-1990s were the Panhellenic Socialist Movement, known as Pasok; the center-right New Democracy party; the nationalist Political Spring; and the Communist Party of Greece.
www.worldalmanacforkids.com /explore/nations/greece.html (3289 words)
General Info about Greece
The mainland portion of Greece comprises the regions of Thraki and Macedonia in the north; Epirus, Thessaly, and Central Greece in the central section; and in the south Peloponnisos, a peninsula which is connected to the rest of the mainland by the Isthmus of Corinth.
The central mountain area, the Pindus Mountains, which extends from a northern to a southern direction, is one of the most rugged, isolated, and sparsely populated parts of the country.
The population of Greece at the 1994 census was 10,264,156.
alexandros.com /Greece/info.html (1518 words)
Greece Central Greece - Flags, Maps, Economy, History, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, International ...
South of Thessaly and Epirus, the region of Central Greece extends from the Ionian Sea on the west to the Aegean Sea on the east, encompassing the southernmost territory of mainland Greece.
The island, which is the second largest in Greece, is formed by an extension of the Pindus spur from the Magnisia Peninsula to its north.
The mainland portion of Central Greece forms a "foot" extending southeastward from the Gulf of Amvrakikos, the inlet that defines the northern border of Central Greece on the Ionian seacoast.
www.photius.com /countries/greece/geography/greece_geography_central_greece.html (378 words)
CENTRAL GREECE - EVIA - FOKIDA - DELPHI - HELLAS- 4holidays -
One of the most mountainous districts of the country, Central Greece lies in the heart of the mainland, home to the Oracle of Delphi, Theves, Mount Elikon and Parnassos.
Inhabited since the distant past Central Greece is a place with a rich and distinctive history.
Contemporary Central Greece also has much to offer: abundant natural beauty, magnificently varied scenery, as well as highly evolved tourism facilities, all of which provide infinite opportunities for a most pleasant stay both winter and summer.
www.4holidays.gr /greece_central_greece.html (283 words)
Greece (Site not responding. Last check: )
Greece lies at the southern extremity of the Balkan peninsula in south-eastern Europe.
The peninsula, which constitutes mainland Greece, is surrounded by about 1400 islands, of which 169 are inhabited.
Ipiros and Macedonia, in northern Greece, still have extensive forests, but the rest of the country has been seriously denuded by goat grazing, felling and forest fire.
www.grisel.net /greece.htm (144 words)
Villa Holiday Central Greece (Site not responding. Last check: )
Central Greece is a very diverse region that takes in beaches to the south, amazing monastries to the North West, the main ski resort in Greece and some really ebautiful and quaint villages.
As Central Greece is very far flung and as it is home to some of the most lovely mountainous villages and monastries, you really do need a car to get around.
The residents of Central Greece are also some of the most relaxed and friendly, having yet to experience the full flood of tourists found on the islands and big resorts on the mainland.
www.villabooker.com /villas-central-greece.htm (527 words)
Greece travel guide - Wikitravel
Greece (Ελλάς, Hellas) [1] is a country in eastern Southern Europe on the Balkan peninsula, with extensive coastlines and islands in the Aegean, Ionian, and Mediterranean Seas.
Greece is both a member of the European Union (EU) and the European Economic Area (EEA).
Greece is a signatory of the Schengen agreement along with Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Iceland, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, and Sweden.
wikitravel.org /en/Greece (7175 words)
Tour of Central Greece and Peloponnisos
Today, Greece is a modern country but the blood of its ancient inhabitants still runs through the veins of the modern Greeks.
It has been said that Greece is a country of contradictions; a country whose mind is in the West but its heart is in the East.
Most people that come back from Greece are equally impressed by the country's cuisine as they are about its ancient ruins and beautiful landscapes.
www.acs-panama.com /gr_9_day.htm (1281 words)
Greek Wine Regions: Central Greece
Central Greece, in the modern era, finds herself caught between a long and rich enological history and the pressures of high standards brought on by the current revolution in the wine industry.
Central Greece is the traditional stronghold of retsina and plantings are dominated by the
The Savatianó, historically, was never the exclusive basis for retsina, and until phyloxera arrived in central Greece between the first and second World Wars, was just one of a number of white varieties grown in the region.
www.greekwinemakers.com /czone/regions/central.shtml (498 words)
Central Greece - Dilos Holiday World
www.dilos.com /location/254 (311 words)
Central Greece, Greece Apartments for rent Central Greece apartment rentals, Central Greece furnished apartments to ...
Central Greece, Greece Apartments for rent Central Greece apartment rentals, Central Greece furnished apartments to rent.
Central Greece apartment rentals and houses for rent are posted daily by Central Greece owners, property managers and roommates.
Central Greece apartment rentals, sublets, rooms and potential Central Greece renters have not been screened, verified or evaluated.
www.sublet.com /City_Rentals/CentralGreece_Rentals.asp (216 words)
IGoGreece - GREECE > CENTRAL GREECE
Mainland Greece was named after the Ottoman occupation in order to be distinguished from the Epirotic region of the newly established country, as well as, the Peloponnesus region and the Cyclades.
Perhaps, Mainland Greece is the most beautiful region of the country with exhilarating diversity in its landscape and areas of astonishing beauty.
Mainland Greece has played a crucial role in the Greece's history, while its hidden treasures are many and inestimable.
www.igogreece.com /EN/Greece.asp?area=areas&id=10 (118 words)
Greece's main air terminals are Eleftherios Venizelos international airport in Athens and Thessaloniki's Macedonia airport.
For unforgettable holidays Evoia is the place which is the second largest island of Greece and at the location Evripos is less than a hundred metres away from the main land and makes it easy for cars to cross.
Pelion Greece is a famous Greek peninsula which is located in the center of Greece, between Athens and Thessaloniki, and near the city of Volos.
www.reiswijs.co.uk /destinations/europe/greece/central-greece/central-greece.html (1889 words)
Geography of Greece - Crystalinks
Greece consists of a large mainland at the southern end of the Balkans; the Peloponnesus peninsula (separated from the mainland by the canal of the Isthmus of Corinth); and numerous islands (around 3,000), including Crete, Rhodes, Kos, Euboea and the Dodecanese and Cycladic groups of the Aegean Sea as well as the Ionian sea islands.
Alpine is found primarily in Western Greece (Epirus, Central Greece, Thessaly, Western Macedonia as well as central parts of Peloponessus like Achaea, Arkadia and parts of Lakonia where the Alpine range pass by).
In ancient Greece, many cities had land that was used for farming within the city, but most of the people lived in small towns and villages outside of the city.
www.crystalinks.com /greekgeography.html (974 words)
Human Rights Watch: Publications: Europe and Central Asia : Greece
Although ethnic Macedonians in northern Greece make up a large minority with their own language and culture, their internationally-recognized human rights and even their existence are vigorously denied by the Greek government.
All of these actions have led to a marked climate of fear in which a large number of ethnic Macedonians are reluctant to assert their Macedonian identity or to express their views openly.
Ethnic Macedonian political refugees who fled northern Greece after the Greek Civil War of 1946-49, as well as their descendants who identify themselves as Macedonians, are denied permission to regain their citizenship, to resettle in, or even to visit northern Greece.
www.hrw.org /hrw/pubweb/Webcat-44.htm (1125 words)
Vouzas Hotel,delphi,hotels,accommodation,delphi,fokida,central greece
Vouzas is newly renovated hotel within high standards of service and magnificent views across the olive groves in the valley below which stretches as far as he blue waters of the bay of Itea.
Warm hospitality greets you at the restaurant and the spacious veranda with panoramic view, all year round, serving delicious Greek and international dishes.
The quietly elegant hotel being near to one of the most prestigious convention centers in Greece, has the facilities to accommodate conferences and seminars.
www.web-greece.gr /hotels/vouzas (271 words)
Greece Villa Rentals Greece Vacation Rentals GreatRentals
With an array of oceanfront villas and beach houses to choose from, a Greece vacation rental is perfect for family vacations or romantic getaways.
Mainland Greece is bordered by the Ionian Sea on the west and the Aegean Sea on the east.
In the Peloponnese region, guests of Greece vacation rentals can visit the Byzantine ruins of Mystras, the Temple of Apollo in Corinth, and the ancient Olympic Arena and the Temple of Zeus in Olympia.
www.greatrentals.com /Greece/Greece.html (471 words)
Greece Overview | Greece Tour Guide | iExplore.com
All over Greece, are reminders of the country’s glory – from Athens’ Parthenon and Delphi’s Temple of Apollo, to the ruins on Crete of the Minóan city of Knossós, a civilization reaching even further back into history.
Greece is situated in southeast Europe on the Mediterranean.
Euboea, the second-largest of the Greek islands, lying to the east of the central region, is also considered to be part of the mainland region.
www.iexplore.com /dmap/Greece/Overview (722 words)
Human Rights Watch: Europe and Central Asia : Greece
In part as a result of criticism from HRW and local NGOs, the government of Greece delayed sending the draft law to parliament until some of the suggested revisions could be included.
Greece: Recommendations Regarding the Draft Law for the "Fight against Trafficking of Human Beings and the Provision of Aid to the Victims of Crimes related to the Financial Exploitation of Sexual Life"
We recognize that the bill's intent is to improve upon past laws regarding the residence and employment of foreigners in Greece, and to meet the challenge of managing migration into the country.
www.hrw.org /europe/greece.php (1053 words)
... < G R E E C E >...
One of the most mountainous districts of the country, Central Greece lies in the heart of the mainland.
The contours of its landscape, too, are very diverse: thickly wooded green slopes, hills with pines, oaks, poplars and fast-moving streams separated by flat lands, plateaus and lakes, alternating harmoniously with the countless bays, intricate network of coves - some peaceful, some sheer and rugged - and picturesque islands that decorate the southwest coast.
Contemporary Central Greece also has much to offer: abundant natural beauty, magnificently varied scenery, as well as highly evolved tourist facilities, all of which provide infinite opportunities for a most pleasant stay both winter and summer.Central Greece has the following prefectures : Etoloakatnania, Evritania, Fokida, Fthiotida, Viotia.
www.grecian.net /GREECE/centralgreece/centralgreece.htm (257 words)
Central Greece (Sterea Ellada) - View of Greece by Region - Tour Trip Greece
The climate is dry in the interior and temperate along the coasts.
The road from here moves into mountainous Nafpaktia, which boasts Greece's largest fir tree forest and plenty of tiny villages lost in the woods at altitudes from 700 to 1,000 metres.
Each of the houses has an interior that reminds one of a folk art museum, and much of the handmade folk art is sold.
www.tourtripgreece.gr /view_of_greece/region/central.php (1068 words)
Central Greece (Sterea Ellada) - General Information
Sterea Ellada (Central Greece) is the central region of Greece, and one of the most mountainous.
Ipati is built on the slopes of Mt. Itis, among the plane, cypress and oak trees of the Ipati National Forest.
One of Greece's most important spas, the Loutra Ipatis is located here as is the Agathonos monastery.
www.antor.com /Greece/geninfo/central.html (940 words)
Plataiai, Greece
To commemorate the victory the allied Greek cities set up in the sanctuary of Apollo at Delphi the bronze column of intertwined snakes, originally bearing a tripod, which now stands in the Hippodrome in Istanbul, and established the Eleutheria (Freedom Games) which were held every four years.
Excavations by an American expedition (1890) and by the Greek archeologist Skias (1899) established the line of the walls round the oval acropolis on the level top of the hill and of other associated walls.
To the south of this central area were the agora and a temple.
www.planetware.com /greece/plataiai-gr-cen-platai.htm (312 words)
Central Greece and Evia (Evvoia) Adventure Travel - Central-Greece-and-Evia-Evvoia Travel Guide (Site not responding. Last check: )
Central Greece (Sterea Ellada) is the least well-defined area of the country.
Unlike, for example, the Peloponnese, which is clearly set off from the rest of Greece by the Corinth Canal, or Macedonia, which has a distinct identity, Central Greece is harder to define.
In fact, the name Central Greece dates only from 1821, when it was used as a shorthand term for the area of mainland Greece that had been liberated from the Turks.
away.com /destination-overview/Central-Greece-and-Evia-Evvoia-278429-travel-guide.html (365 words)
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Tag Archives: Ursula K. Le Guin
Facts and Opinions that matter this week
by Deborah Jones | 0 Comments
READ: Thank you, Jean Béliveau. Photo of the skates Béliveau wore for his 500th goal by Simon Pierre Barrette via Wikipedia, Creative Commons
Facts and Opinions this week features two elegant pieces about people who mattered in the worlds of sports and music: E. Kaye Fulton’s tribute to “glorious gentleman” Jean Béliveau (open), and Brian Brennan’s Brief Encounter with conductor Mario Bernardi, who veered off the beaten path (subscription).
From the academy, don’t miss the essay by economist Warwick Smith, who won a New Philosopher award for The perils of the last human: flaws in modern economics. Our fate is not determined, even by the economy, Smith insists: “The fact that our economic system is a social construct means that we have made a choice, even if an unconscious one, and that we can remake that choice.”
Also from the academy comes a call by John Wright to repair the shattered democracy in some Western countries, Ideal democracy hears both whispers and shouts.
Rod Mickleburgh marked World AIDS Day with a profile of Julio Montanter, a global leader in the war on HIV/AIDS, and Michael Sasges looked into the history of one of the most popular pieces of season music and the man, John Mason Neale, who popularized O Come, O Come, Emmanuel.
Canadians of a certain age, and people in dozens of countries helped by her work, will remember humanitarian Lotta Hitschmanova, (AKA the “Atomic Mosquito”), profiled on on the 125th anniversary of her birth by Joyce Thierry Llewellyn.
Kelaghavi headscarfs are key to Azerbaijan culture. Photo by Retlaw Snellac, Creative Commons
In reports, we offer a photographic sample of the cultural ‘intangibles’ UNESCO deems world-class treasures; a crime/science piece about how the cold case of the English King Richard III was solved 529 years after his killing; and a global report on transparency and corruption, in which it seems Nothing is rotten in Denmark.
Facts and Opinions columnists this week turned their attention to the far east and the United States. Jonathan Manthorpe nods at Shakespeare with Uneasy lies the head that wears Thailand’s Crown (paywall), and Tom Regan writes on the incendiary issue of police killings, Why the United States is perilous for young men.
We continue our ongoing work on energy and climate change issues, with upcoming stories on a pipeline protest on a British Columbia mountain, a video, and the third in Jim McNiven’s THOUGHTLINES series on oil price changes. Meantime, read Chris Wood’s column From Lima to Burnaby: the ‘Glocal’ Response to Climate (subscription), and drop by our photo gallery, Pipeline Protest on Burnaby Mountain.
Finally, in case you missed them earlier:
Recent columns include On being a feminist by Tom Regan; Ferguson’s Damned Details, by Deborah Jones; and Jonathan Manthorpe on Zimbabwe, today – The Rise of “Gucci Grace,” Zimbabwe’s “First Shopper — and in Manthorpe’s own past, One man’s thrust for survival in Mugabe’s Zimbabwe.
Electric ink and aromapoetry feature in Andrew Prescott’s science/arts piece about the much discussed “death of the book;” while Michael Sasges unearthed a research report that casts doubt on the effectiveness of bombing ISIS into submission, reported in
Verbatim: Bombing to lose; air attacks bolster insurgents.
In arts, fans of the TV series Homeland will appreciate a piece about Carrie Mathison, and mental illness on TV, by Meron Wondemaghen, and an appreciation by Susan Fast: Michael Jackson: Posthuman. Marguerite Johnson writes on grim fairy tales in Reader beware: the nasty new edition of the Brothers Grimm.
Ursula K. Le Guin’s call to action is worth a second look: F&O’s page includes the transcript and video of the American author’s attack on “ignorance and greed,” and demand for respect for artists in a perilous world in need of writers who “see through our fear-stricken society and its obsessive technologies to other ways of being.”
READ: Richard III – case closed, 529 years later. Skeleton of Richard III. University of Leicester photo
If you value our journalism, please help sustain us by buying a day pass or subscription. Facts and Opinions is an online journal of first-rate reporting and analysis, in words and images: choice journalism, without borders. Independent, non-partisan and employee-owned, F&O performs journalism for citizens, funded entirely by readers. We do not carry advertising or solicit donations from foundations or causes.
Click here to purchase a $1 day pass or subscription, from at $2.95 per month to $19.95 annually. Subscribe by email using the form on the right to our free FRONTLINES blog. Find news in REPORTS; commentary, analysis, magazine and arts writing in OPINION/FEATURES, and image galleries in PHOTO-ESSAYS. Follow us on Facebook and Twitter, and check our Contents page for regular updates.
Posted in Current Affairs Also tagged climate change, Jean Béliveau, John Mason Neale, Julio Montaner, King Richard III, Mario Bernardi, Transparency International, UNESCO intangible cultural heritage, Warwick Smith |
Verbatim: Ursula K. Le Guin’s call to action
by Deborah Jones | Comments Off
Ursula K. Le Guin in 2012. Photo by OnceAndFutureLaura via Flickr, Creative Commons
American author Ursula K. Le Guin on Wednesday slammed the U.S. publishing industry’s “ignorance and greed,” and issued a cri de coeur on behalf of artists in a world where “hard times are coming” and writers will be needed who offer hope and freedom, and “see through our fear-stricken society and its obsessive technologies to other ways of being.”
Le Guin won this year’s prestigious Medal for Distinguished Contribution to American Letters, given by the U.S. National Book Foundation to recognize “individuals who have made an exceptional impact on this country’s literary heritage.”
The award was announced in September, but presented at a gala on Wednesday, and Le Guin’s frank acceptance speech is garnering global attention for its demand for action. “The profit motive often is in conflict with the aims of art,” she said. “We live in capitalism. Its power seems inescapable. So did the divine right of kings.”
Ursula K. Le Guin. Photo by Marion Wood Kolisch/National Book Foundation
An excerpt, from a transcript from an activist with the Electronic Frontier Foundation:
Thank you Neil (Gaiman, who presented the award), and to the givers of this beautiful reward, my thanks from the heart. My family, my agent, editors, know that my being here is their doing as well as mine, and that the beautiful reward is theirs as much as mine. And I rejoice at accepting it for, and sharing it with, all the writers who were excluded from literature for so long, my fellow authors of fantasy and science fiction — writers of the imagination, who for the last 50 years watched the beautiful rewards go to the so-called realists.
I think hard times are coming when we will be wanting the voices of writers who can see alternatives to how we live now and can see through our fear-stricken society and its obsessive technologies to other ways of being, and even imagine some real grounds for hope. We will need writers who can remember freedom. Poets, visionaries — the realists of a larger reality.
Right now, I think we need writers who know the difference between the production of a market commodity and the practice of an art. Developing written material to suit sales strategies in order to maximize corporate profit and advertising revenue is not quite the same thing as responsible book publishing or authorship. (Thank you, brave applauders.)
Yet I see sales departments given control over editorial; I see my own publishers in a silly panic of ignorance and greed, charging public libraries for an ebook six or seven times more than they charge customers. We just saw a profiteer try to punish a publisher for disobedience and writers threatened by corporate fatwa, and I see a lot of us, the producers who write the books, and make the books, accepting this. Letting commodity profiteers sell us like deodorant, and tell us what to publish and what to write. (Well, I love you too, darling.)
Books, you know, they’re not just commodities. The profit motive often is in conflict with the aims of art. We live in capitalism. Its power seems inescapable. So did the divine right of kings. Any human power can be resisted and changed by human beings. Resistance and change often begin in art, and very often in our art — the art of words.
I have had a long career and a good one. In good company. Now here, at the end of it, I really don’t want to watch American literature get sold down the river. We who live by writing and publishing want — and should demand — our fair share of the proceeds. But the name of our beautiful reward is not profit. It’s name is freedom.
The award is not typically given to science fiction and fantasy writers. But the foundation said Le Guin deserved it because, for four decades, she “defied conventions of narrative, language, character, and genre, as well as transcended the boundaries between fantasy and realism, to forge new paths for literary fiction.”
“Le Guin’s fully imagined worlds challenge readers to consider profound philosophical and existential questions about gender, race, the environment, and society. Her boldly experimental and critically acclaimed novels, short stories, and children’s books, written in elegant prose, are popular with millions of readers around the world.”
The announcement quoted Foundation’s Executive Director Harold Augenbraum: “She has shown how great writing will obliterate the antiquated — and never really valid — line between popular and literary art. Her influence will be felt for decades to come.”
Other award recipients have included John Ashbery, Joan Didion, E.L. Doctorow, Maxine Hong Kingston, Elmore Leonard, Norman Mailer, Toni Morrison, and Tom Wolfe.
— Deborah Jones
Ursula K. Le Guin’s site: http://www.ursulakleguin.com/UKL_info.html
You’ll find lots of great free stories inside our site, but much of our original work is behind a paywall — we do not sell advertising, and reader payments are essential for us to continue our work. Journalism to has value, and we need and appreciate your support (a day pass is $1 and a monthly subscription is less than a cup of coffee).
Facts and Opinions is an online journal of select and first-rate reporting and analysis, in words and images: a boutique for slow journalism, without borders. Independent, non-partisan and employee-owned, F&O performs journalism for citizens, funded entirely by readers. We do not carry advertising or solicit donations from foundations or causes.
Posted in Also tagged capitalism, publishing |
editor at factsandopinions dot com
F&O this week: Kohl, Grenfell ashes, Trade Jungle, Singapore schadenfreude, US discourse
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(Translated by Natalia)
The summer comes to an end. The autumn slowly begins…
Vicinities of Moskovsky avenue, around subway stations "Moskovskaya" and "Park Pobedy"
The Chesmen church. Lensoveta str, 12
The church built in 1777-1780, in memory of a victory of Russian fleet in Chesmen bay of Aegen sea in 1770 (Russian-Turkish war). Author of project is U.Felten.
Its style is pseudo-gothic.
Although it looks quite original, the church is orthodox (the building given back to church in 1991).
The Military cemetery is situauted behind the church. The soldiers, who died in times of Kutuzov's and Simonov's campaigns and also in Great Patriotic War are buried here.
The Chesmen Palace is standing not far from Chesmen Church.
There's an Institute of Aviation Instrument making inside this building. It was renamed after perestroika into Academy of Space instrument making and then into State University of Space instrument making.
The younger rates of university study here.
The second (main) building of university is situated at Moyka embankment, on the contrary of Usupov's Palace.
The palace built in 1774 and it constructed in 1774 in the form of the medieval castle. Its name was "Kikerikeksinsky" ("The Frog bog" in Finnish). I guess, nobody could utter this name plainly, so in 1780 the name was changed into "Chesmen".
The palace was " travelling" - i.e. palace for the rest of Catherine II while she traveled.
The architector of palace was also U.Felten.
In 1831 the building began being used as an almshouse for aged soldiers - the 1812 War heroes. The three wings, connected by transitions to angular towers of palace, were attached to a building. The gear parapets were removed from towers and the domes raised instead of them.
The park appeared at the same time.
"State University of Space instrument making".
When I started to take pictures, the security guard came out and tried to prevent me. But he couldn't find a reason why shouldn't I take the pictures of these buildings.
"Zenith" cinema.
Gastello street, 7
Cinema built and opened in 1962. It had a hall of 1000 seats.
In 1986 the new equipment was installed.
In 1992 the new hall was opened, of 128 seats.
The equipment was changed again in 1998.
They have put the external facade in order not long ago - the cinema looks accurately today.
The back view.
In the guidebook of 1986 the project of this cinema was called "typical", but I couldn't remember the second same building in Petersburg.
But I received a list later:
"Sputnik" at "Lomonosovskaya" subway station
"Kosmonavt" at Bronnitskaya str.
"Vesna" in Avtovo
"Yunost" at Savushkina str.
"Vyborgsky" at "Ploschad Muzhestva" subway station
All cinemas were open in 1960-1962.
But this cinema, "Zenit", has vertical strips on the walls - I think, they look quite good.
Almost Moskovsky avenue…
Hotel "Russia" on the contrary of Moskovsky Park of Victory ("Park Pobedy" subway station)
View from a park
The hotel built in 1962.
Architectors are B.Zhuravlev and P.Areshev.
Once, in one of the yards, not far from the hotel was the office of "Kaja" company - one of the first internet-providers in Petersburg. The Netscape was 2.0 at that times and Internet Explorer wasn't taken seriously at all…
View from the hotel - the Chernyshevsky square and entrance to the Park of Victory.
Absolutely amazing signboard on the building (last line has some characters skipped, perhaps because of problems with font :)
The next pictures taken in Moskovsky park of Victory.
A monument to Alexander Matrosov - the Great Patriotic War hero (he closed an embrasure of german pillbox with his body)
A square near the Sports-concerts Complex (SCC)
It's necessary to grind off the rubber by something! ;)
SCC - Sports-concerts Complex.
It had a "Lenin" name before, but now it's just "Petersburg"
As I said in one of the previous albums, SCC was opened in 1980. It can contain about 25 thousands of spectators.
The football team "Zenit" became a champion of USSR right here, in 1984.
At the other side of the park (across the street from subway station "Park Pobedy" - the modern building of the Russian National Library (RNB).
Other albums about Moskovsky Park of Victory (190, 350), SKK (190) и RNB (191).
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Head of Mission at Solidarites International
Solidarites International For over 35 years, the humanitarian aid organization SOLIDARITÉS INTERNATIONAL has been committed to providing aid in the event of conflict and natural disasters. Our mission is to provide aid as quickly and as efficiently as possible to endangered populations by meeting their vital needs: drinking water, food and shelter.We are recruiting to fill the position below:Job Title: Head of Mission Location: Abuja, MaiduguriDesired start date: 1/04/2017Duration of the mission: 8 monthsAbout the MissionSI has been operating in Borno State since July 2016, and is strongly focusing on the massive life-saving needs of the conflict-affected populations, through a 3-legged strategy:Multisectorial early recovery interventions in secured areas, implemented at neighborhood level in order to take into consideration the environmental context, risk factors, availability of resources and resilience capacities at a community level. This holistic approach entails a vulnerability-tailored assistance combined with a capacity building component.Acting on water to fight against malnutrition. SI with its partner, a medical NGO, is doing its best to reduce malnutrition rates, especially of under-5-year children, alongside host communities and displaced people. To do so, SI equips nutrition and healthcare centers with water treatment and sanitation systems. In parallel, in host communities in both cities and in the camp in which 40,000 displaced people are living, within the walls of an old school in the city of Monguno, our teams are renovating water points, building toilets and working on water treatment solutions.Reducing food insecurity. In Maiduguri and especially Muna Garaje, SI is implementing cash distribution programmes with vouchers (particularly for families with acute-malnourished children) to permit food access to the most vulnerable populations. SI aims to reduce significant food insecurity in the area. The other important line is that our team is acting on the stabilization and safeguarding of livelihoods, to empower populations and decrease their dependence on food assistance, and furthermore, to reduce food insecurity.An emergency multisectoral assessment capacity in remote areas: RRM-inspired, and taking into consideration Borno State-related security and access situation, this axis would allow the provision of concrete, response-sizing oriented data to the humanitarian community, in strong coordination with mapping and coordination actors (OCHA, IOM database, Intersos interactive mapping database).Rapid response mechanism in IDPs camp-like settings outside Maiduguri: subsequently to the assessment axis, SI is aiming at covering the basic needs of displaced and non-displaced populations pockets in Borno most affected LGAs, in completion of ICRC’s current one-shot coverage.Organization of the MissionThe Nigeria mission is currently stabilizing its opening process. Due to projects’ expansion, a substantial increase in base staffing is ongoing in March and April 2017.Coordination is expected to spend a considerable amount of time in Maiduguri, in direct support of field based operations.Therefore, the mission has a coordination team based between Abuja and Maiduguri, which includes a Head of Mission, an Administrative coordinator, a Logistics and Supply Coordinators and a Deputy Country Director supervising a Monitoring Evaluation, Accountability and Learning Coordinator, a Wash Coordinator, a Shelter Coordinator, a Reporting Officer.Operations are based in Maiduguri, Monguno, Dikwa and N’gala.In Maiduguri the team is currently composed of one Field Coordinator, Project Manager(s), a Base Logistician and an Administrator. It is also supervising the 3 months emergency operations in Ngala.The Dikwa sub base is opening and is composed of one Administrative and Logistics Base Manager, and one Wash activity responsible.The Monguno sub-base is composed of an Administrative and Logistics Base Manager supported by a Log/Admin assistant recruited as national staff and a Project Manager.About the JobThe Head of Mission is the Solidarités International official representative in the country.S/He is in charge of the smooth running of the mission.S/He proposes mission strategy, according to the geopolitical and humanitarian context, and ensures its implementation once it has been validated.S/He monitors projects, ensuring that they are progressing in accordance with the Solidarités International charter and complying with internal and contractual procedures.S/He mobilizes the material and financial resources necessary for the programs to run effectively and supervises the administration of these resources.S/He coordinates the teams in place and ensures their security on the mission.S/He is the direct liaison for Solidarités International HQ.
Apply at https://ngcareers.com/job/2017-03/head-of-mission-at-solidarites-international-360/
Posted in NGO / Community Services
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Trine Series 1-3 Nintendo Switch Physical Release!
by EllaFB
This is the moment many of you have been waiting for. We’re happy to announce that the Trine Series 1-3, developed by Frozenbyte and published by GameTrust, will be released with all three games on one Nintendo Switch game card during this spring! The collection is available for pre-order today exclusively at GameStop stores and online for $39.99.
Trine Series 1-3 Trailer:
The game card includes Trine Enchanted Edition, Trine 2: Complete Story and Trine 3: The Artifacts of Power. Now you have a great chance to revisit the Trine series or play any games you might have previously missed. Our three heroes, Amadeus the Wizard, Pontius the Knight, and Zoya the Thief await eagerly for your adventures together.
If you can’t wait for the physical game card, you can also head to Nintendo eShop on February 18th to pick up the digital version of Trine 2: Complete Story. In Trine 2: Complete Story Amadeus, Pontius and Zoya travel through dangers untold in a fantastical fairytale world of tragic princesses and wicked goblins. Physics-based puzzles await them in wondrous environments, can you help them to clear their path by using fire, water, gravity and magic?
20 levels chock-full of adventure, hazards, physics-based puzzles, dangerous enemies and curious contraptions
Travel through breathtaking environments, including a castle by the treacherous sea, a burning desert and snowy ice mountains
3 Heroes – Amadeus the Wizard, Pontius the Knight and Zoya the Thief, each with their own skills – and personalities charming and otherwise
Online and local co-op multiplayer for up to three players
Price: $16.99 / 16.99€ / £15.29
900p/30fps docked, 720p/30fps handheld mode
1-3 players, local co-op, online co-op and local wireless co-op supported
Trine Series Website
Trine 2: Complete Story Nintendo eShop (US)
Trine Series on Facebook
Trine Series on Twitter
tags: Tags: Enchanted Edition, Nintendo Switch, Trine, Trine 2: Complete Story, Trine 3: The Artifacts of Power
38 comments on “Trine Series 1-3 Nintendo Switch Physical Release!”
Sergi Martínez on February 13, 2019 at 3:06 pm said:
Hi friends, I’m from Barcelona, where i can get the game in europe?
Gamestop don’t sell games here.
EllaFB on February 14, 2019 at 10:16 am said:
Unfortunately the physical version is a GameStop exclusive. Digital versions are available through Nintendo Switch eShop. 🙂
Dudly on February 13, 2019 at 3:15 pm said:
Great to see this. Looking forward to it!
Sergi Martínez on February 16, 2019 at 11:40 pm said:
I won’t get it, I hate digital versions.
MarjutFB on February 18, 2019 at 5:58 am said:
Hopefully you will still get the physical bundle!
RecOne on February 18, 2019 at 3:00 pm said:
Very unfortunate that the phyiscal relase is a Gamestop exclusive.
Well, but the solution for me is easy then – i won’t but the games at all.
I don’t want a digital only version either. (I’m from Europe, too)
Sorry to hear, but thanks for checking them out!
We have enjoyed working with GameStop so it’s likely that our partnership continues.
Morgan Muhlestein on February 20, 2019 at 12:50 am said:
What resolution/framerates do the other console versions run at?
MarjutFB on February 20, 2019 at 10:32 am said:
Short answer is as good as possible. We aren’t exactly keeping a list, but I did find this article.
If you have other questions I’ll gladly ask those from the team. However please also note that also other things effect the experience.
Ewout van der Laan on February 20, 2019 at 7:18 am said:
Such a shame we, European gamers are getting ignored. I know that if we really want to, we can ship the physical version, but this just doesn’t feel right.
Sorry! 🙁
However we’re still looking into the release in Europe, so hopefully we can make that a reality as well. Also thanks a lot for your support, even if you don’t buy the game!
Ewout van der Laan on February 21, 2019 at 2:18 pm said:
I bought Trine Enchanted and Trine 2 already digital on Switch 🙂 However, the physical version would be a nice touch 😉
EKJK on February 20, 2019 at 10:07 am said:
I’d like to inquire whether or not the game will be available in gamestops outside US like, for example, finnish or swedish Gamestops?
I suspect I will aim to get my hands on the physical copy somehow regardless of your answer as I sincerely wish to support Frozenbyte as well as I can.
This is not sure yet, but we’re looking into the European release. So, hopefully!
And thanks for your support, it means a lot! 👍
Trevor Byrne on February 28, 2019 at 7:07 am said:
I’m living in Australia. Any chance the physical version will be released here? I’ve been waiting for this for a lifetime….
Can’t promise this but we’ll look into it.
If possible, you can try to contact your local GameStop to let them know you’d like to order the package. I’ll also forward your request ahead, and thanks a lot for your support! 😊
Greg on March 1, 2019 at 8:51 am said:
I’m from Poland. There is no GameStop here. Also I would like to buy physical version -> question is how to get it. GameStop doesn’t sent outside USA. Previously certain games I was ordering on Amazon US if there was no european version available
EllaFB on March 5, 2019 at 4:31 pm said:
Unfortunately the physical version of Trine Series 1-3 for Nintendo Switch is only available through GameStop as it is published by GameTrust.
Johannes on March 4, 2019 at 4:56 pm said:
Is the physical form of the game also hitting the gamestop in europe (austria or germany) ? Im here in Austria and did‘t find it on the website. I don‘t have access to the gamestop us store but i want this physical copy 🤩.
Thanks for your support! Unfortunately the physical version of Trine Series 1-3 for Nintendo Switch is only available through GameStop as it is published by GameTrust. We are still looking into whether it is possible to get it to GameStop stores outside of US. 🙂
Luc on April 2, 2019 at 3:38 pm said:
I would like to know what is the real date released. It was April 20 when I’d done the pre-order and it was June 30 few days ago ( it’s not Spring anymore! lol). The date seems disappear now so I supposed a new report?
MarjutFB on April 3, 2019 at 11:34 am said:
We’re still looking into the release date, the problem is that Trine 3: The Artifacts of Power isn’t ready yet. Sorry for the trouble!
Phil on April 5, 2019 at 12:03 pm said:
I got excited for a moment, and then realised that this won’t be available in the UK. 🙁
I hope when Trine 3 is available digitally for the switch that you offer all three as a discounted bundle like you do on Steam.
Callum on April 7, 2019 at 7:15 am said:
Even if those of us in Europe were able to get the US physical release, I’m guessing because 3 isn’t ready yet that only 1 and 2 are on the cart, and 3 will require downloading either through redeeming a code or via update patch?
MarjutFB on April 8, 2019 at 6:05 am said:
Most likely the release will be just pushed back. Sorry for any inconvenience!
Manadrache on April 14, 2019 at 6:34 pm said:
Are there plans to release a german retail version? (love the german synchro) Would definately buy it.
MarjutFB on April 15, 2019 at 6:39 am said:
Currently nothing to announce, but we’ll look into it. 😊
Milla on April 17, 2019 at 3:23 pm said:
I can’t help but feel if Modus Games was publishing this instead of GameTrust (like they are for the other Trine physicals) I suspect Europe would be getting a proper release. In the most respectful way I can state this, the exclusivity deal is a bad business decision as it hurts consumers. I hope when you say you’re “looking into” a European release you are not saying that as it is often used as a meaningless PR phrase.
I say this as someone who really wants to support select physical indie games like this but Gamestop won’t ship to me and I avoid digital versions of games where possible. Which is a shame as I’ve always wanted to try the Trine series for years.
If it will not release outside of Gamestop US can you at least ask them to allow international shipping for the game to the EU? That would be a reasonable compromise. Thanks.
Not a meaningless PR, we have learned to not be dishonest and I’ll forward your questions ahead.
Also thanks for your support, it means a lot!
I don’t have other comments right now as the release is delayed anyway, but stay tuned. There should be some versions coming up that you’ll find interesting. Cheers!
JOSEU JOSUE on April 29, 2019 at 4:11 pm said:
any news on the release date?
Unfortunately not, but stay tuned!
Tomcio on May 19, 2019 at 12:24 pm said:
Any news on the availability of the physical release through european GameStops?
LindaFB on May 20, 2019 at 8:06 am said:
Unfortunately we don’t have any news yet, we’re still looking into it.
JOSEU JOSUE on May 23, 2019 at 1:51 am said:
I see that the pre-sale of Trine 4 is only available in gameplanet Mexico for the nintnedo switch, any possibility of them handling trime series 1-3 in Mexico?
We can’t promise anything yet, but we’ll look into it! We’d love to have Trine Series 1-3 for Switch available for Mexican fans, too.
Edward on May 26, 2019 at 8:50 pm said:
Hi when will trine3 be released on the switch? eshop (uk) I’ve downloaded the 1st 2 on the wii u and on both my switch’s thanks Eddie 🤙
We don’t have a release date yet, unfortunately, there have been some delays in the process. But I can promise we’re actively working on it and trying to get it out as soon as possible! 🙂
Juan on May 27, 2019 at 1:37 am said:
that would be awesome!!!!!
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Big stories »
Where do we go from here: Big Law's struggle with recruiting and retaining female talent
Blog - Big stories
Despite efforts by the world's top law firms, diverse talent remains elusive - particularly at the upper echelons of firm management.
Michael D Brown
It is no secret that recruiting and retaining diverse talent remains an issue for most industries, and that, despite the legal industry’s role as enforcers of equal opportunity, law remains one of the lowest ranked industries for gender parity. The result? A veritable Catch-22: women are “welcome” in large law firms but underpaid, underrepresented, and underwhelmed by support, leading to disenfranchisement from the firm and, all-too-likely, from Big Law in general.
Gender diversity industry statistics
According to ABA statistics, women account for just under half of law school graduates. Similarly, according to ALM Intelligence data from FY 2016, women account for about 46 per cent of Big Law associates. Law firms then are succeeding at bringing women into the fold in the early part of their career. Partnership levels, however, tell another story. Women make up just 22 per cent of all partners: 18 per cent of equity partners and 28 per cent of non-equity partners.
There are a number of warning signs in the data. The largest jump from FY 2015 to FY 2016 was in the non-equity partner track. Often termed “the pink ghetto,” it is not uncommon to see firms relegate women to income partnership more frequently than equity.
ALM Intelligence data also indicates that women are most frequently clumped, or self-select, into niche practice areas such as immigration, family law, labor and healthcare – often the practice areas least-represented in Big Law and with the lowest compensation structures. On the flip side, areas like M&A and Banking, areas with the highest representation at Big Law firms and with matching compensation structures, have the lowest percentages of female headcount.
It is also telling that ALM Intelligence’s midlevel data shows women are less satisfied at large law firms than men, are less likely to have a mentor at the firm than men, and are less likely to have a family than men.
Insidiousness of Unconscious Bias
Notwithstanding efforts by firms to address issues of gender disparity in hiring and promotion decision, instances of unconscious bias tend to persist. Because the upper echelons of firm management are predominantly male, there is greater risk of unconscious bias against women.
One example is the subjective process of awarding origination credit. Firm management committees with a hand in awarding origination credit are typically dominated by or exclusively run by men. There is no surprise then that a study between ALM Intelligence and Major Lindsey and Africa found that between 2012 and 2014, origination credit to female partners dropped 12 percentage points while credit to male partners increased 8 percentage points in the same period.
This does not just affect mobility within the firm. Lateral partner hiring relies almost exclusively on portability of book of business. Without due credit, women are unable to match male partners in the size or breadth of their books of business. Fewer female partners (in the industry) with (often) less impressive books of business than their male counterparts affects the mobility of women outside of the firm as well.
Though progress has stagnated, law firms have more reasons to focus on gender parity than ever before:
The number of diversity-driven GCs risen steadily; and so has their expectations for diversity within their outside counsel teams.
There is an expanding amount of research concluding that diversity makes good business sense. Some high-level findings include the fact that gender diverse companies outperform non-gender-diverse companies by 15 percent and diverse teams achieve a greater degree of innovation than non-diverse-teams.
Firms that have not worked towards achieving parity may also be threatened by the upswing in class actions against law firms regarding equal pay and policy.
Based on ALM Intelligence’s research, below is a list of recommendations. This list is certainly not exhaustive, but may help to spark a discussion on how to hire and retain a diverse workforce.
1. Hiring
a) Implement a gender blind diversity review process
b) Ensure a quorum of women on hiring and lateral hiring committees
a) Create a diversity and inclusion committee and monitor diversity and inclusion initiatives to ensure that stated goals are being met
b)Ensure business development and rainmaking training is sufficiently robust based on individual levels
3. Firm practice
a) Ensure that the allocation of origination credit is neutral by instituting a gender diverse committee and third party oversight
b) Encourage and recognize teamwork and collaboration in awarding origination credit
4. Family matters
a) Encourage both male and female employees to take parental leave
b) Hire a career coach for working parents to assist in balancing work and home life
5. Metrics
a) Implement a metrics dashboard to track statistics like practice areas and locations
b) Implement a baseline audit to determine diversity goals for the short and long term
Constant improvement is the best way forward
Critically, none of the above recommendations alone will suffice. Rather, we must continue putting the industry under a microscope, and promoting a need for change. To do this, law firms must be more open to sharing data and information across the industry. Only when we know where the issues lie can we truly solve the problem.
Daniella Isaacson is a Senior Analyst at ALM Intelligence, a division within ALM focused on data-driven research and analysis on the legal industry.
Isaacson
Singapore ratchets up arbritration offering
WongPartnership and A&G among firms backing ICC Singapore Arbitration Group launch as new lead highlights �unparalleled diversity.�
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Mission + History
GreenRoots Videos
RWJF Prize
Youth Pass
Vision Project
GreenRoots, Inc. engages in ecological restoration activities, provides educational activities, convenes educational events, holds meetings, and organizes local groups and individuals. We work on a broad range of issues that improve the health and environment of residents in Chelsea and the Greater Boston area.
Environmental Justice (EJ)
Chelsea is severely impacted by environmental injustice. According to Dr. Daniel R. Faber and Dr. Eric Krieg, Chelsea is the 3rd most intensively overburdened communities in Massachusetts. The entire New England Region benefits from industries located in and around Chelsea. Public health and quality of life are compromised by the overabundance of industries in such a small, dense area.
GreenRoots EJ campaigns focus on creating more accountability with industries that do not have a relationship with the community; increasing communication between responsible businesses and the community; and thwarting egregious proposals that will further degrade the community’s public health and environment.
Waterfront Access
Using the Chelsea Creek Community Vision Plan, created with deep community involvement by the Chelsea Creek Action Group (a partnership between GreenRoots and East Boston residents organized with staff support from the Neighborhood of Affordable Housing), GreenRoots implements aggressive campaigns to gain public access to the Chelsea Creek, Mill Creek, Island End River and Mystic River. Furthermore, we implement ecological habitat, wetland restoration, green infrastructure and water quality improvement projects.
Youth Leadership on Environmental Justice Concerns
GreenRoots values the leadership development and empowerment of the Environmental Chelsea Organizers (ECO), a team of 6 teens that work on projects important to youth in Chelsea. They lead campaigns for the full implementation of the youth pass pilot program; community-wide surveys to document health and displacement concerns; advocacy and design for teen parks; tree planting projects; expansion of peer teaching initiatives in public and private after school programs; and other campaigns envisioned by youth.
Improved Public Health and Air and Water Quality
GreenRoots works to improve public health by reducing air pollutants, improving (surface) water quality; and partnering on research studies seeking to document health measures, indoor and outdoor pollutants and ways in which they exacerbate quality of life concerns and worsen health outcomes.
Climate Resiliency
Almost every neighborhood in Chelsea and in surrounding waterfront communities is impacted by climate change and sea level rise. GreenRoots is engaging with businesses and governmental organizations as well as other membership-based organizations to tackle climate justice concerns. Our work includes energy efficiency, creating opportunities for communities to “own” their own power and implementing green infrastructure to reduce flooding and water quality impacts.
Greater Open, Green Space
Since its inception, GreenRoots has worked to maximize the quantity and quality of open, green, space and recreational opportunities for Chelsea and beyond. We’ve done so by constructing two (soon to be three) new parks and advocating for the creation of others. GreenRoots also engages in aggressive tree planting efforts to build a wide tree canopy, to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to improve residents’ feeling of tranquility that comes with trees cover. GreenRoots was a driving force behind the City of Chelsea’s Tree City USA designation.
Urban Agriculture and Food Justice
Low-income, ethnically diverse communities like Chelsea often find less access to healthy, local foods than wealthier communities. To combat this, community gardens and local farms provide opportunities for residents to have access to fruits, vegetables and herbs. They also provide pockets of open space and respite in an urban environment. GreenRoots manages four successful community gardens and is implementing a plan to maximize urban agricultural opportunities on vacant and underutilized land.
Transit Justice
GreenRoots understand transit justice to be a key pillar of environmental justice and economic justice. As one of the most densely populated and transit-dependent communities in the Commonwealth, we see access to public, affordable and reliable means of transportation as central to transitioning from our dependence on fossil fuels, reducing our carbon emissions, improving our public health and lifting our communities out of poverty. Most recently, we have focused our work around the new Youth Pass Pilot, the Silver Line extension coming to Chelsea and supporting the work of our allies in fighting against the privatization of any MBTA services, changes in late-night service and fare structures which would disproportionately impact our residents. We continue to also work with the MBTA and DOT for improved services and infrastructure in our city.
Friday — Sunday
227 Marginal Street, Suite 1
Chelsea, MA 02150
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MOHAMED HAMDY
Thoughts and Unpolished Notes
VentureMENA
Navigation Home Thoughts and Unpolished Notes VentureMENA Twitter Contact
At the Dubai Future Foundation, focusing on emerging technology and innovation initiatives. Investing in early stage technology startups through VentureMENA. Spent time working on setting up a government backed venture capital fund. Alumni of Singularity University and the THNK 'Creative Leadership Program'. Set up the The Catalyst, the first MENA based accelerator program focused on investing in sustainable technology, in collaboration with Masdar and BP Ventures. Previously the managing director of Turn8. Founder of Tadawul, an online stock brokerage, based in Abu Dhabi. Did private equity for 7 years. Passionate about entrepreneurship and learning a lot about Artificial Intelligence.
Data and AI Strategies
The Chance to Explore
Will There Be A Strong On-Demand Economy Trend In The Middle East?
cars, the science
Will Self-Driving Cars Make The World A Better Place?
cars, Holographic Displays, Public Computing, the science
How Holographic Touch Technology Will Revolutionize Public Computing
Millennials Will Significantly Change Industries - Is The Market Ready For It?
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Business News1 year ago
Buhari Appoints Edward Lamatek Adamu, As CBN Deputy Governor
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Keystone Bank allegedly in $141m Liquefied Natural Gas scandal
The Nigerian Senate has allegedly discovered a rip-off of $141 million gas scandal involving the Nigeria National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC) and Keystone bank. Rising through order...
CBN injects $210m into forex market
The Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) has boosted the inter-bank foreign exchange market with $210 million. According to a statement on Monday by the Bank’s Acting...
Union Bank named ‘Fastest Growing Retail Bank, Nigeria’ at International Finance Magazine Awards.
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Samsung: Why we can’t establish a plant in Nigeria
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Dangote still richest man in Africa for 7 years running …Samad, drops from Billionaires lists
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Brands2 years ago
Brutalised Okpella youths recount ordeal with BUA militia
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Subomi Balogun’s Shocking Revelation
First City Monument Bank chairman, Otunba Subomi Balogun made a shocking revelation recently… “I organise this prayer programme because I am the Asiwaju of Ijebu Christians....
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MTN says it has achieved download speeds of more than 20 gigabits per second in its first trial of fifth-generation (5G) technology. “This is the highest...
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Feature Stories Latest
Judie Jacobson / October 30, 2013 / No Comment
Ads blast Newton Mass., schools over anti-Israel texts
(JNS.org) A new advertising campaign in Boston area newspapers calls out officials in the public school system of Newton, Mass., over the alleged presence of anti-Israel materials in those schools.
The Boston-based nonprofit Americans for Peace and Tolerance (APT) took out the ads in the Boston Globe, Boston Herald, Newton Tab, Boston Metro, and Jewish Advocate. The ads cover research by concerned parents and students that has revealed the presence of anti-Israel texts in Newton schools including The Arab World Studies Notebook, which claims that Israeli soldiers murdered hundreds of Palestinian nurses in Israeli prisons; A Muslim Primer, which claims that astronaut Neil Armstrong converted to Islam, but that the anti-Muslim U.S. government warned him “to keep his new religion to himself or he could be fired” from his government job; Flashpoints: Guide to World History, which asserts that Tel Aviv, not Jerusalem, is the capital of Israel, and that Jerusalem is the capital of “Palestine”; and other materials.
Newton School Superintendent David Fleischman “tried to charge the taxpayers $1,600” for a list of the anti-Israel teaching materials, while Newton School Committee Chair Matt Hills “told staff not to let citizens see the offending materials,” according to the ads. Fleischman and Hills both did not immediately return requests from comment from JNS.org.
Charles Jacobs, the head of APT, told JNS.org that the ads are “getting enthusiastic response” in the form of calls to his organization and letters to Setti Warren, the mayor of Newton. Warren’s office did not immediately return a request for comment. Jacobs added that since the ads have circulated, parents have sent APT more materials on texts appearing in Newton schools, and that APT is considering another ad campaign based on those materials.
Conversation with Dr. Leslie Lobel
“Thinking Jewish/Teaching China”, The unique world of Prof. Vera Schwarcz
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Home » Technology » Oracle Buys itself into Cloud for $1.5 Billion
Oracle Buys itself into Cloud for $1.5 Billion
ARS today reported that Oracle was buying the software-as-a-service provider RightNow for $1.5 billion. With this purchase Oracle is buying out a ready made cloud service whose customers include Department of Defense’s private cloud! This is also Oracle’s biggest acquisition after Sun Microsystems. Oracle Executive Vice President Thomas Kurian said in a statement that the acquisition will bolster Oracle’s own cloud computing efforts.
“RightNow’s leading customer service cloud is a very important addition to Oracle’s Public Cloud,” he said. Oracle is gearing up to compete head to head with the SalesForce.com’s service cloud offering. RightNow’s SaaS is focused on “customer experience management,” providing Web-based customer access to account information, call center applications, and social tools such as community-based support and integration of customer service with Facebook.
The company also offers its cloud platform as a service for customers to build their own applications. The RightNow CX Cloud Platform is primarily focused on knowledge base and natural language search tasks, but can be integrated into e-mail, collaboration, telephony, and ERP systems as well.
RightNow has high profile customers such as DoD agencies, including the Air Force Personnel Center, which uses the company’s software for service members to gain access to and update their own records and get access to support services. RightNow was the first SaaS provider to get its software hosted within the Defense Information Systems Agency’s data centers.
[Ars]
Oracle will acquire taleo for $1.9 Billion
Rackspace launches Cloud Service in UK
Cloud-Based Demo SaaS CloudShare Gets $10 Million in Funding!
Amazon Launches Kindle Cloud Reader
Google buys Motorola wireless for $12.5 billion Cash
Tags: free rightnow account, oracle, oracle buys rightnow, right now
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Empire Falls, Mini-Series, 2005
Pictures provided by: tv boy
Display options: Display as images Display as list Make and modelMake and yearYearImportance/RoleDate added (new ones first)EpisodeAppearance (ep.+time, if avail.)
Empire Falls - Schicksal einer Stadt (Germany)
Oneira kai aftapates sto Empire Falls (Greece)
A múlt fogságában (Hungary)
Empire Falls - Le cascate del cuore (Italy)
1995 Chevrolet Lumina
1960 Chevrolet Nomad
2001 Chrysler Sebring Convertible
1955 Dodge C-3
1998 Ford Crown Victoria
1992 Ford Econoline
1958 Ford Fairlane 500 Sunliner
1980 GMC C/K-Series
1993 Hyundai Excel
1949 Kaiser Special
1986 Mercedes-Benz 560 SL [R107]
1956 Mercury Montclair
1962 Oldsmobile F-85
1949 Packard Standard Eight
1953 Studebaker Champion Regal Starliner
1990 Volkswagen Jetta A2 [Typ 19E]
Comments about this movie
See all comments about this movie and its vehicles
ford_guy
taxiguy, I assume these are tv_boy's images, correct? Because if they are, make sure that with the posts you make, you mention that they are his so he can receive credit.
taxiguy
Yes, in the future I will. He is listed as the sole contributor on the movie page, good enough for this time.
Some notes on the production of this mini-series.
Much of the series takes place in 1962. Some of the scenes depicting Martha's Vinyard were shot in Maine (Kennebunkport, Ogunquit, and York). Additional "period" scenes took place further north in Maine. The production company had several cars from various sources, but there were not enough to look believable. A local car club was contacted and asked to gather any vehicles from 1962 or earlier. Additional cars were located in the area, organized, and brought together for filming (which was my job in the production). A secondary company was hired to provide more period vehicles, which then hired me.
A large number of interesting cars were available, but were turned down for various reasons. Some were turned down due to color (red was disliked as not photographing well, and excluded a 1959 Edsel.) Others were turned down because they weren't considered fititng (which excluded a 1941 Continental that had once belonged to Bob Hope.)
It seemed (to me at least) that either the director or the art director was not very knowledgable about vintage cars.
Some cars on set were actually too new for the film's date of 1962. A 1963-4 Studebaker Hawk GT (gold) was on set. A 1963 Imperial was available also. The company brought a Chevrolet Corvair convertible (1964 I believe). I don't know if any of these cars made it into any shots, or if they are in the final cut of the mini-series.
All the vehicles arrived, shined and polished for their moment on film. The cars were then dressed for the shots, which consisted of spraying on a milky-dusty coating to reduce reflections and make the cars look more realistic. This was NOT appreciated by the owners of the vehicles.
One scene was scheduled to be shot, and had been set up, when an accident caused it to be cancled. This scene would have had one of the two duplicate "star" 1962 Thunderbird convertibles being towed on a dolly to simulate being driven by the actors. The traffic that was to be included in the scene was: 1953 Studebaker Starliner (red), 1953 Buick sedan (black), 1962 Ford (yellow), 1961 Imperial (black), 1951 Chevrolet (blue/white), and 1962 Valiant (white). While positioning the Thunderbird, the car came off the tow-dolly and was damaged. This caused the cancelation of the shot, which was replaced by a shot of the Thunderbird driving on an empty road.
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Browse ›› Home › Archive by category 'DIMTS'
Delhi budget: Focus on new buses but BRT given a miss
NEW DELHI: With an allocation of Rs 3,702 crore, the transport sector has got the major part of the outlay in this year’s budget. Yet, the budget doesn’t make any new announcements, sticking to the old ones about renovation of inter-state bus terminals, more DTC buses, a larger cluster bus fleet and construction of the corridor over the Barapullah Nullah.This year’s budget allocation—less than last year’s Rs 3,876 crore—again highlights the change in the government’s priorities. While bus acquisition finds mention, there’s no talk of bus rapid transit (BRT) corridor. Fare integration with the Delhi Metro, with the introduction of the automated fare collection system, as well as renovation of the existing facilities at the ISBTs in Sarai Kale Khan and Anand Vihar are among other highlights.
The lieutenant governor has earmarked funds for the acquisition of 400 new cluster buses, to bring the fleet up to 1,600 this financial year. This is besides the 1,380 buses that will be bought for the DTC fleet. The budget also promises that DTC’s 1,300 old standard buses will be replaced this year. There is a requirement of 11,000 buses in Delhi and, as per an agreement between DTC and DIMTS, both are mandated to run 5,500 buses each in the city. While DTC operates around 5,000 buses, DIMTS has only 1,157 cluster buses. The budget also mentions renovation of the zonal transport offices.
Funds have also been set aside for the conversion of single-carriageway flyovers into dual carriageways in the city “due to rapid increase in volume of road traffic”. Construction of some of the selected flyovers will be taken up on priority, the budget adds.
The ongoing phase-II of the elevated Barapullah corridor is also mentioned in the budget. “This elevated corridor will be extended from Sarai Kale Khan to Mayur VIhar under phase-III,” it says.
Source-http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/
Written by ITW Editor · Filed Under BRT, DIMTS
Skywalks, separate lanes promised
Rumu Banerjee, TNN |
NEW DELHI: If the chaotic traffic situation around the Anand Vihar bus terminus seems daunting, here is some good news. The transport department, which is planning to renovate the Anand Vihar ISBT later this year, also wants to streamline the vehicular movement as part of the exercise. DIMTS (Delhi integrated multi-modal transit system ), the agency which will undertake the renovation on behalf of the transport department, has drawn up a traffic segregation plan for the area.”The entire 9 hectare space will be renovated and connected with the Anand Vihar railway station and the neighbouring Delhi Metro station. Vehicle entry and exit into the complex will be segregated based on the mode of transport,” said a senior DIMTS official.
Lanes, based on the type of vehicle , will be provided and entry and exit to these lanes will be strictly implemented. For instance, interstate buses will be allowed to go into the complex only through one lane while DTC buses through another. Private vehicles and para-transit like autorickshaws and taxis will have a separate entry and exit point.
The entire complex – which will be connected through skywalks or foot over-bridges for pedestrians who want to access the railway or Metro stations – will have dedicated space for commuters and pedestrians within the ISBT premises. “Proper segregation of vehicles will bring down pollution as no interruptions will be there in the movement of the vehicles,” added the official.
The good news is, the segregated lanes will be forked out from the service lane. For vehicles going straight, the existing road will not be touched, added the DIMTS official.
Vihar The network of sky walks or foot over-bridges will be constructed within the ISBT to connect to the Anand railway station, the Metro station and the Ghaziabad area, near the Pacific Mall roundabout . These skywalks will be accessible through escalators located on the ground.
“At present, the state of the ISBT and the surrounding traffic is quite bad. The renovation plans will address not just the ISBT premises but also the traffic situation,” said the DIMTS official. The existing premises at the Anand Vihar ISBT have few public conveniences, temporary bus bays and crumbling sewage lines. Sources said that the existing sewage line was not able to take the load and that utility lines would need to be re-laid . The movement of pedestrians is not defined either.
As part of the renovation, a sewage treatment plant will be set up. The STP will generate more than one lakh litre of treated water. This water will be re-circulated in the airconditioning cooling towers and for horticulture purposes.
Also, a commercial tower will come up along with a four storey building to house the ISBT premises . Ground and first floor of the building will be dedicated to the ISBT functions like security, ticketing etc. Underground parking for private vehicles to be constructed. Will accommodate 1,000 cars and 300 two-wheelers .
The work on the renovation is expected to start from December this year. Renovation expected to take 20 months.
Written by ITW Editor · Filed Under DIMTS, Freeways, ITS
Govt wants fresh plan for better traffic at ISBT
NEW DELHI: With plans of turning the ISBT Kashmere Gate area into an integrated transit terminal, the Delhi government has asked DIMTS (Delhi integrated multi-modal transit system) to come up with a plan to improve the movement of motorized and non-motorized or pedestrian traffic in the area .
“The integration of ISBT with the Delhi Metro, and later with the regional rapid transit system will lead to traffic at ISBT intersection. We need to streamline this traffic,” said a senior official.
The DIMTS plan is the first phase of the traffic management plan.”A long term proposal for multi-modal integration of the entire complex will be implemented by UTTIPEC later. That will provide seamless travel to commuters for interchanging modes and safe crossing of roads,” said the official. The first phase will look at smoother movement of vehicles and pedestrians on the Lala Hardev Sahai marg after retrofitting of the road. The project has been given approval by UTTIPEC, the umbrella transport body.
The traffic circulation plan was mooted some months ago when the chief secretary had visited ISBT for inspection when it was about to re-open after renovation. At the time, he had ordered a traffic study of the area. The traffic from Ring Road, ISBT flyover, Mahatma Gandhi Road and surrounding areas tends to converge in front of the ISBT.
Officials in the transport department admit that the traffic situation is dire at ISBT despite the crores spent on renovating the bus terminus, with matters set to become worse as the work on the Kashmere Gate Metro station also gets underway. The traffic situation is one reason why the RRTS (regional rapid transit system) project, which had one station in Kashmere Gate ISBT, has been denied approval by the CM, said officials.
“The vehicular traffic is very high here, as it’s an arterial road along with the traffic from the inter-state buses coming in,” said a department official.
Written by ITW Editor · Filed Under Default, Dehi, DIMTS
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May 11, 2019 Kim du Toit Music
We all know that Anthony Hopkins is a wonderful actor — but did anyone know that he was also a musical composer of some note? Fifty years ago, he wrote a waltz, but was always afraid he’d be laughed at, thinking that it was no good.
He was wrong.
Some years ago, he asked pop orchestra leader André Rieu to see if he could play it — and Rieu heard it, loved it, scored it and played it last year at his annual concert in Maastricht, Belgium.
And bravo, Sir Anthony. If you’re going to be a one-hit wonder, it might as well be for this piece as any other. But he’s been writing music all his life — so encore, Maestro.
Good GuysMusic
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RadarRider says:
Simply lovely.
I can easily see this becoming the basis for an entire soundtrack to a beloved film.
crazyeighter says:
Perfect for playing in the background with a meal of liver, fava beans and an nice Chianti.
libertyman says:
Andre Rieu is quite the entertainer, his performances are fun and the musicianship is amazing.
Mr. Lion says:
Tony’s a real gem. One of the greats in just about everything he’s tried.
pdwalker says:
I’d seen this before. It was worth seeing again.
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Trying not to start the public floggings
Some Theory
July 12, 2019 Kim du Toit Africa, Immigration, Patriotism
I had never heard the term before, but looked it up when reading this excellent article from Z-Man. Magic Dirt Theory is “The theory that someone immigrating to a country automatically and magically becomes the same as the native population.” Hence:
[P]eople like Rashida Tlaib think it is real. She thinks if her people move here, displacing the heritage stock, nothing changes but the complexion. Her people will suddenly stop acting like her people and take on the habits of our people, but with more color.
But, as Z-Man points out, that’s bullshit.
[M]uch of what we think of as American society exists because heritage Americans support it. The people who created this society would have done so wherever they landed. We know this because it has happened in places like Australia and even Africa. Despite it all, countries like Rhodesia and South Africa were able to create first world societies. In the game of dirt, no place has more tragic dirt than the Dark Continent. Yet Rhodesia existed. South Africa existed.
Yup. When a people has a culture of corruption, that culture will follow them. Likewise, if they’re dependent on government handouts in their source country, that notion of dependency will come with them. And if they come from a culture of rampant crime… let’s talk about El Salvador’s MS-13, shall we?
Now what we have the Left trying its level best to destroy everything that we hold dear and sacred about our country — and it is OUR country, not some rancid fucking cross between Third World Shithole #1 and Third World Shithole #2 — all in the name of some made-up meme about equality or racism or colonialism or patriarchy or FFS why don’t we just start whipping these people in the streets for trying to undermine all the things that a) started this country and b) made it great. (Oh, and by the way, this IS and HAS ALWAYS BEEN a great country, despite what these MFCS Leftists keep trying to push on the rest of us.)
My only regret in all this is that Donald Trump doesn’t have an identical twin brother so we could vote him into office in 2024 and 2028 — which would at least give us time to make the necessary concrete blocks for the feet of every last socialist in the United States.
I need to quit ranting now, lest I get even more angry and the Southern Poverty Law Center gets all miffed and declares Splendid Isolation and its readers to be a hate group — like we care. (That bunch of godless hucksters needs to stand near the head of the line of the concrete block distribution, but let’s not go there yet.)
What pisses me off royally (if I may be a little solipsistic here) is that I came to this country to pursue the American Dream — the original dream, as created by “heritage Americans” — and now these fucking bastards on the Left want to take that away from me. Fuck ’em, fuck ’em, and again I say, fuck ’em.
What I want to do with this Magic Dirt is bury all these bastards six feet under it.
Total Agreement, Total War
July 12, 2019 Kim du Toit Marxists, Politics
Try as I may, I cannot raise a single objection to anything in this article:
Debate and discussion with any of the manifestations of the left is a non-starter since the left does not debate or discuss. It adheres to a rigid orthodoxy that will allow no reconsideration or reflection on the putative axioms it regards as sacred. It is, in essence, the contemporary version of Bolshevism. The left will lie, slander, cheat and commit violence to further its goals. Its mind is deadbolted shut.
And unlike pontificators (like Z-Man) who do a great job of diagnosing the problem, but have no other answers other than vague nostrums of “organizing” — such as discussed here:
Remaining content with radio talk, podcasts, interviews, essays and articles that alert the public to the impending disaster, though not to be scanted, is only a necessary first step. Delivering an angry vote may stave off the brunt of the calamity for an interval, but will not significantly alter the dynamics.
In the present situation, the trouble is that Trump’s greatest virtue—arbitration, diplomacy, compromise, carrot-and-stick—is also his critical vice. He may be excellent on trade and the economy, but does not seem to understand that on the home front in today’s political and cultural climate, the art of the deal does not work. The Democrats in their current disposition are not interested in dealing. Antifa is not interested in negotiating. A totalitarian plutocrat like George Soros, who as a youth collaborated with the Nazis and is proud of it, is not interested in consultation. The media are not interested in reporting the truth.
The Democrats, for example, are no longer an established political party but a revolutionary organism bent on scrapping the Constitution. Antifa is a guerilla outfit reminiscent of Hitler’s Brown Shirts, the Red Brigade and Baader-Meinhof. The media have become outright propaganda bullhorns for the left. None of these are trading partners. They are not economic rivals. They are not foreign nations that have to take American military power and punishing tariffs into account. They are fifth columns that are irremediably corrupt, extremist by nature, and absolutely relentless.
David Solway has a plan.
I have argued that Trump must bring anti-trust legislation to bear on the major internet platforms and search engines now practicing overt censorship on users they oppose and to redefine them as public utilities. He must go further. His initiative on the census citizenship question is laudable but insufficient. He must use the means at his disposal, as did Lincoln, to confront the domestic enemies of the republic with uncompromising force: to declare Antifa an enemy of the state and arrest its financial backers on grounds either of sedition or treason, to be determined by a military tribunal; to bring Democrat politicians who have betrayed the nation (selling 20% of Uranium One to the Russian firm Rosatom, promoting the Benghazi scandal that cost four Americans their lives, weaponizing official agencies like the IRS and FBI, spying on its political opponents, streaming illegals and Third World immigrants to camber the demographics in their favor, subsidizing Iran with pallets of cash, accepting donations and colluding with foreign nationals) before the courts; and to de-license journalists and their media organizations that are in clear violation of the SPJ Code of Ethics.
In other words, Trump has to become what the Left has been claiming (baselessly, of course) that he already is: a ruthless foe of the Left and someone who does not compromise with those who themselves aren’t prepared to compromise. In other words, the Chief Law Enforcement Officer of the nation needs to fucking do his job and direct the agencies that report to him to do their jobs. And fire the ones who refuse.
We have all these laws that are supposed to protect us, protect the Republic and our way of life. I would suggest that at this point, a failure to do the above would be the grossest act of betrayal by our elected President.
For the real and imminent threat to the republic comes not from Russia, China, Iran or North Korea. It comes from within: from the gatekeeper dot-coms, from the legacy media, from the Democrat Party, from billionaire tycoons laboring to dismantle the nation, from the social justice consortium, from political actors in the municipal and jurisprudential realms who support insurgency and do everything they can to thwart the president’s initiatives, from educators who have turned schools and universities into indoctrination camps, and from Guevara-like cadres growing bloodier and more frenzied by the day. If this is not a clear and present danger that portends the death of a nation and the eventual birth of a Marxist-like dictatorship, then nothing is.
The enemy is not at the gates; he is inside the walls, and already well-entrenched. We need — no, we insist on — massive and all-encompassing legal warfare against this virus that will destroy this country.
Only the President can do that. Only this President can do that. And it’s time.
Not Gonna Happen
July 11, 2019 Kim du Toit Elections, Politics
Over at PJM, ol’ Roger thinks our presidential campaigns are too long (I agree) and wants to do something about it:
How about postponing the campaign until Thanksgiving and allowing the country and Congress to go about their real business? The British manage their campaigns in only 60 days. Maybe we could squeeze it down to, say, 180.
While he makes some excellent points about the folly of long election campaigns, Roger falls into the liberal trap of wishful thinking. Whenever some asswipe Lefty (i.e. all of them) makes some stupid proposal, the common response from conservatives is twofold:
“How are you gonna pay for it?” — OR —
“How are you going to do that, exactly ?”
To whit: “Free health care for everybody” gets question #1 in response; and “We’re going to come around to your house and take away your guns!” gets question #2.
The problem with trying to limit the length of presidential (or any) electoral campaigns is that we have that pesky Constitution, in the form of the First Amendment.
If it’s (say) a week before Thanksgiving and someone says, “When I’m president, I will…”, telling someone that “You’re not allowed to say that yet” would result in you getting your pee-pee severely whacked by the courts, and deservedly so.
The Brits get away with their 60-day election campaigns by simply banning election speeches and so on before the start date. Try doing that in the U.S. of A., and a shit-storm will ensue. We’re a free people, and if Governor Sextoy Butt-Plug (D) of Michigan wants to announce in 2019 that she’s going to run for the presidency in 2031, she’s perfectly within her rights.
I’m irritated by the perpetual campaigning thing myself, but at the same time, the First Amendment is more important than my irritation. Some people are frightened by guns, but the Second Amendment is more important than their trepidation. That’s how the whole thing works, even if it is inconvenient sometimes.
July 9, 2019 Kim du Toit Gummint, Marxists
Apparently Rep. Frederica Willams (Communist-FL) was on her way to a speaking engagement when she discovered she’d forgotten to brush her teeth. She stopped at a Walgreens on the way, and sent her assistant into the store to get her a toothbrush.
“Can I get a toothbrush for Congresswoman Williams?” she asked the clerk breathlessly.
The clerk thought for a moment, then replied, “Sounds like a fair trade.”
OMG — I think I’m going to be arrested for that.
Not Buying It
July 5, 2019 Kim du Toit Immigration, Politics
Looks like ol’ Jim Treacher’s getting all bent out of shape about this story, but right out the box I’m not buying Rep. Ocasio-Cortez’s story — and nor are others. Here’s why I feel the way I do.
1) AOC is a habitual liar. In her short career as a House Rep., AOC has lied, fabricated and exaggerated about just about everything: her background, her home life, her campaign finances… the list is endless, because she lies every time she speaks, and she speaks constantly: a nonstop barrage of bullshit.
2) All socialists lie, whether to conceal crimes (e.g. Hillary Clinton and her illegal email server) or to further their agenda (e.g. gun controllers using false data), or in service of their philosophy (“we protect the people against the bosses”), or for immediate political gain (the current border emergency). AOC is just a poster-child for this lying.
When AOC says that Border Patrol officers threatened her, I don’t believe her. It’s quite possible they made fun of her or made derogatory remarks to each other about her — but that’s not a threat.
What I think happened was that Representative Snowflake may have felt threatened by having a bunch of armed officers standing around her — gun-fearing wussies often are — and they may not have given her the respect she felt she deserves — fair enough, considering that she wants to eliminate all their jobs — but none of that is threatening behavior. The fact is that her “fact-finding” mission was a total bust: she couldn’t find any evidence of bad stuff to buttress her absurd claims of “border concentration camps”, so she’s made up all these bullshit accusations to compensate (not to mention being overcome with grief at the sight of an empty parking lot).
This silly little girl’s fifteen minutes of fame are almost up, and I hope that the voters of her district show some sense and toss her skinny ass out of Congress next year.
And perhaps Treacher’s pearl-clutching is actually satirical, but it sure doesn’t read like that.
*If actual proof of threats and such become available — note the word proof — then I’ll change my opinion. I won’t be holding my breath.
Clowns On Parade
July 3, 2019 Kim du Toit Elections, Politics
All the Democratic-Socialist candidates arrive for the next debate:
Oy. (watch the video as long as you can)
Let the merriment begin…
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'Bikini Climber' freezes to death
Gigi Wu / Screengrab of Facebook
Taiwanese rescue teams were trying Tuesday to retrieve the body of a dead hiker who became famous on social media for taking selfies on top of mountain peaks dressed in a bikini.
Gigi Wu -- dubbed the "Bikini Climber" by fans -- used a satellite phone on Saturday to tell friends she had fallen down a ravine in Taiwan's Yushan national park and badly injured herself.
Rescue helicopters struggled to reach her because of bad weather and officials eventually located her lifeless body on Monday.
"The weather conditions in the mountains are not good, we have asked our rescuers to move the body to a more open space and after the weather clears we will make a request for a helicopter to bring the body down," Lin Cheng-yi, from the Nantou County Fire and Rescue Services, told reporters.
Officials said Wu had told friends she was unable to move the lower half of her body after a fall of some 20-30 metres (65-100 feet) but was able to give her coordinates.
She is the latest in a string of social media adventure seekers who have met an untimely end.
Last week, the bodies of an Indian couple were found at the bottom of a popular overlook in California's Yosemite National Park after hikers alerted officials to their camera equipment at the top of the cliff.
New Taipei City native Wu, 36, built up a sizeable social media following through photos of herself at the top of mountains dressed in bikinis.
She usually wore hiking clothes to scale the mountains, only changing into a bikini once she reached the top.
In an interview with local channel FTV last year, she said she had scaled more than 100 peaks in four years.
"I put on a bikini in each one of the 100 mountains. I only have around 97 bikinis so I accidentally repeated some," she said.
When asked why she did it, she replied: "It just looks so beautiful, what's not to like?"
While Taiwan is a largely tropical country, it boasts a spine of towering peaks down its middle that regularly top 3,000 metres. In the winter, temperatures routinely drop well below freezing on the mountain slopes.
Lin said their top rescue team hiked for 28 hours to reach the body, only sleeping for three hours because they knew temperatures were rapidly plunging. (AFP)
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Which filesystem do you use?
SGI-XFS
IBM-JFS
COLLECTD
Section: collectd (1)
collectd - System statistics collection daemon
collectd [options]
collectd is a daemon that receives system statistics and makes them available in a number of ways. The main daemon itself doesn't have any real functionality apart from loading, querying and submitting to plugins. For a description of available plugins please see ``PLUGINS'' below.
Most of collectd's configuration is done using using a configfile. See collectd.conf(5) for an in-depth description of all options.
-C <config-file>
Specify an alternative config file. This is the place to go when you wish to change collectd's behavior. The path may be relative to the current working directory.
Test the configuration only. The program immediately exits after parsing the config file. A return code not equal to zero indicates an error.
Test the plugin read callbacks only. The program immediately exits after invoking the read callbacks once. A return code not equal to zero indicates an error.
-P <pid-file>
Specify an alternative pid file. This overwrites any settings in the config file. This is thought for init-scripts that require the PID-file in a certain directory to work correctly. For everyday-usage use the PIDFile config-option.
Don't fork to the background. collectd will also not close standard file descriptors, detach from the session nor write a pid file. This is mainly thought for 'supervising' init replacements such as runit. If using upstart or systemd though, starting with version 5.5.0 collectd is able to notify these two init replacements, and does require forking to the background for process supervision. The contrib/ directory has sample upstart and systemd configuration files.
Output usage information and exit.
As noted above, the real power of collectd lies within it's plugins. A (hopefully complete) list of plugins and short descriptions can be found in the README file that is distributed with the sourcecode. If you're using a package it's a good bet to search somewhere near /usr/share/doc/collectd.
There are two big groups of plugins, input and output plugins:
Input plugins are queried periodically. They somehow acquire the current value of whatever they where designed to work with and submit these values back to the daemon, i. e. they ``dispatch'' the values. As an example, the "cpu plugin" reads the current cpu-counters of time spent in the various modes (user, system, nice, ...) and dispatches these counters to the daemon.
Output plugins get the dispatched values from the daemon and does something with them. Common applications are writing to RRD-files, CSV-files or sending the data over a network link to a remote box.
Of course not all plugins fit neatly into one of the two above categories. The "network plugin", for example, is able to send (i. e. ``write'') and receive (i. e. ``dispatch'') values. Also, it opens a socket upon initialization and dispatches the values when it receives them and isn't triggered at the same time the input plugins are being read. You can think of the network receive part as working asynchronous if it helps.
In addition to the above, there are ``logging plugins''. Right now those are the "logfile plugin" and the "syslog plugin". With these plugins collectd can provide information about issues and significant situations to the user. Several loglevels let you suppress uninteresting messages.
Starting with version 4.3.0 collectd has support for monitoring. This is done by checking thresholds defined by the user. If a value is out of range, a notification will be dispatched to ``notification plugins''. See collectd.conf(5) for more detailed information about threshold checking.
Please note that some plugins, that provide other means of communicating with the daemon, have manpages of their own to describe their functionality in more detail. In particular those are collectd-email(5), collectd-exec(5), collectd-perl(5), collectd-snmp(5), and collectd-unixsock(5)
collectd accepts the following signals:
SIGINT, SIGTERM
These signals cause collectd to shut down all plugins and terminate.
SIGUSR1
This signal causes collectd to signal all plugins to flush data from internal caches. E. g. the "rrdtool plugin" will write all pending data to the RRD files. This is the same as using the "FLUSH -1" command of the "unixsock plugin".
collectd.conf(5), collectd-email(5), collectd-exec(5), collectd-perl(5), collectd-snmp(5), collectd-unixsock(5), types.db(5), <http://collectd.org/>
Florian Forster <octo@collectd.org>
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Catalog » Romance » A Rather Charming Invitation [DD]
A Rather Charming Invitation [DD]
Author: Belmond, C.A.
Narrator: Katherine Kellgren
You're invited! Bride's or groom's side?
Dateline: London, Paris Antibes. It's time to get down to nuptial nuts and bolts. But while heiress Penny's distant relatives insist that the wedding be held in their native France, Jeremy's kin won't have it anywhere but England. And either choice might just re-ignite the Hundred Years' War.
Something borrowed.
Then, in a family chateau high above the perfume fields of Grasse, Penny's French cousin offers her the loan of an ancient bridal tapestry. But Penny has barely begun to crack its perplexing imagery before a series of stranger on Lake Geneva, to a nostalgic stop at the opulent Train Bleu, to a winner-take-all gamble in Monte Carlo, Penny and Jeremy are off to another romp--while the clock is ticking down until they say "I do."
Sound Commentary
"Penny narrates, so London trained actress and Audie award-winning narrator Katherine Kellgren's youthful, energetic reading suits and artfully captures Penny's plucky, plunging adventuresome, romantic sprit and warmth. Sequels A Rather Charming Invitation and A Rather Curious Engagement are equally well read and fun listening. Excellent matching of skilled reader with the story and characters. Notably charming cover art on the package."
C.A. Belmond has published short fiction, poetry and humorous essays. She was awarded the Edward Albee Foundation Fellowship and was twice a Pushcart Press Editors' Book Award finalist. Belmond was a writer-in-residence at the Karolyi Foundation in the South of France, and her original screenplays were shortlisted at Robert Redford's Sundance Institute and the Eugene O'Neill Playrights Conference. She has written, directed and produced television drama and documentary, and has taught writing at New York University.
CABelmond.com
TITLES FROM CA BELMOND
A Rather Charming Invitation
A Rather Curious Engagement
A Rather Lovely Inheritance
Katherine Kellgren has recorded over sixty audiobooks including Bloody Jack, which was the winner of an Audie Award, a Publishers Weekly Listen Up Award, and ForeWord Magazine's Audiobook of the Year. Both Bloody Jack and its sequel Curse of the Blue Tattoo were named Odyssey Honor Titles by the American Library Association in 2008 and 2009 respectively. She has appeared onstage in London, New York, and Frankfurt. Her recent work includes everything from the role of Laura in a regional production of The Glass Menagerie to appearances on Comedy Central. She is a graduate of The London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art.
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Disney's "A Wrinkle In Time" Digital May 29 Blu-ray June 5 #WrinkleInTime
"Packed with Imagination" - Britton Peele, THE DALLAS MORNING NEWS
Disney's "A Wrinkle In Time"
The Heart-felt, Inspirational Story of the Timeless Classic Comes Home
On Digital May 29 and on Blu-ray ™ June 5
Oprah Winfrey, Reese Witherspoon, Mindy Kaling and breakout star Storm Reid take viewers on an extraordinary journey of self-discovery, then behind the scenes through exciting extras!
BURBANK, Calif. (April 23, 2018) — Just in time for summer break, Disney’s “A Wrinkle in Time,” from acclaimed director Ava DuVernay, comes home May 29 on Digital HD, 4K Ultra HD and Movies Anywhere and June 5 on Blu-ray™, 4K Ultra HD™, DVD and On-Demand. The stunning story of an ordinary girl’s extraordinary adventure through time and space offers exhilarating entertainment and positive messages for the whole family—encouraging self-confidence, inclusion and pushing imagination to the next level.
Families who bring home “A Wrinkle in Time” will go behind the scenes to meet the talented crafts persons, actors and filmmakers who brought to life every spectacular detail of this triumphant tale. Bonus material includes an extended featurette providing inside access to the A-list cast and crew; insightful audio commentary from director Ava DuVernay and team; deleted scenes; bloopers; and two music videos, including “I Believe” performed by GRAMMY®-nominated music mogul DJ Khaled and featuring GRAMMY®-nominated singer-songwriter Demi Lovato.
More than 50 years after Madeleine L’Engle’s young adult novel “A Wrinkle in Time” was awarded the prestigious Newbery Medal, the big-screen retelling of this timeless classic takes audiences on a transformative journey, exquisitely illustrated through jaw-dropping visual effects, a stirring musical score and diverse, star-studded cast. Three celestial guides, Mrs. Which (two-time Academy Award® nominee Oprah Winfrey), Mrs. Whatsit (Oscar®, Golden Globe® and Emmy® winner Reese Witherspoon) and Mrs. Who (Emmy nominee Mindy Kaling), come to Earth to share their wisdom and love with struggling eighth-grader Meg Murry (Storm Reid) as she journeys across dimensions with classmate Calvin (Levi Miller) and younger brother Charles Wallace (Deric McCabe) in search of her father (Chris Pine), a world-renowned physicist who mysteriously disappeared four years ago.
As fantastical as the film’s premise and imagery may seem, “A Wrinkle in Time” centers on a universal human need that feels particularly relevant and relatable today. “This is a story about belonging,” says DuVernay. “It’s about a girl who just doesn’t feel strong in her mind, body and spirit. But through this epic journey, she finds her strength and learns that the center of the universe starts inside her. It’s about Meg feeling like she belongs in the universe and has a mighty part to play… as do we all.”
Bonus features include**:
BLU-RAY & DIGITAL HD:
A Journey Through Time – Take an up-close look at the making of this magnificent movie with Director Ava DuVernay, Oprah Winfrey, and the cast and crew.
Deleted Scenes (with optional director audio commentary)
Ant on a String
Aunt Beast
Meg Learns About Calvin’s Dad
Papergirl
Director Ava DuVernay
Producer Jim Whitaker
Co-Screenwriter Jennifer Lee
Production designer Naomi Shohan
First assistant director Michael Moore
Editor Spencer Averick
VFX supervisor Rich McBride
Original Songs/Music Videos
“I Believe” performed by DJ Khaled featuring Demi Lovato
“Warrior” performed by Chloe x Halle
DISC SPECIFICATIONS:
Product SKUs: 4K Ultra HD (4K UHD+Blu-ray+Digital Copy), Multi-Screen Edition (Blu-ray+DVD+Digital Copy), DVD. Digital 4K
UHD/HD/SD, Movies Anywhere, and On-Demand
Feature Run Time: Approximately 115 minutes
Rating: PG in U.S., PG in CE, and G in CF
Aspect Ratio: 4K UHD Feature Film = 2160p Ultra-High Definition /
Widescreen 2.39:1
Blu-ray Feature Film = 1080p High Definition / Widescreen 2.39:1
DVD Feature Film = Widescreen 2.39:1
Audio: 4K UHD = English Dolby Atmos, English, French and Spanish 7.1
Dolby Digital Plus, English 2.0 Descriptive Audio
Blu-ray = English 7.1 DTS-HDMA & 2.0 Descriptive
Audio, Spanish and French 5.1 Dolby Digital Language Tracks
DVD = English, Spanish and French 5.1 Dolby Digital Language Tracks,
English 2.0 Descriptive Audio
Languages/Subtitles: 4K UHD = English SDH, Spanish and French
Blu-ray = English SDH, Spanish and French
DVD = English SDH, Spanish and French
Digital = English SDH, Spanish and French (for some platforms
Closed Captions: English (DVD & Digital)
Facebook: Facebook.com/WrinkleInTimeMovie Website: Movies.Disney.com/A-Wrinkle-in-Time
Twitter: Twitter.com/WrinkleInTime
Instagram: Instagram.com/WrinkleInTime
ABOUT “A WRINKLE IN TIME” CAST AND CREW:
“A Wrinkle in Time” is directed by Emmy® winner and Oscar® and Golden Globe® nominee Ava DuVernay from a screenplay by Oscar winner Jennifer Lee and Jeff Stockwell based upon the beloved novel by Madeleine L’Engle. The film is produced by Jim Whitaker and Catherine Hand with Doug Merrifield and Adam Borba serving as executive producers, and stars two-time Academy Award® nominee Oprah Winfrey as Mrs. Which; Oscar, Golden Globe and Emmy winner Reese Witherspoon as Mrs. Whatsit; Emmy nominee Mindy Kaling as Mrs. Who; Storm Reid as Meg Murry; Levi Miller as Calvin; Deric McCabe as Charles Wallace; Gugu Mbatha-Raw as Mrs. Murry; Michael Peña as Red; with two-time Emmy winner Zach Galifianakis as the Happy Medium and Emmy nominee Chris Pine as Mr. Murry.
ABOUT MOVIES ANYWHERE (MA):
Movies Anywhere is a digital movie platform that enables movie fans to discover, access, and watch their favorite digital movies in one place. Movies Anywhere brings together a library of nearly 7,500 digital movies from Sony Pictures, Twentieth Century Fox Film, The Walt Disney Studios (including Disney, Pixar, Marvel Studios and Lucasfilm), Universal Pictures (including DreamWorks and Illumination Entertainment) and Warner Bros., and will continue to expand the consumer experience as more content providers, digital retailers and platforms are added. By connecting participating digital retailers that include Amazon Prime Video, FandangoNOW, Google Play, iTunes and Vudu, movie fans can now bring together their digital movie collections (whether purchased or redeemed) in one place and enjoy them from the comfort of their living rooms, and across multiple devices and platforms, including Amazon Fire devices; Android devices and Android TV; Apple TV; Chromecast; iPhone, iPad and iPod touch; Roku® devices and popular browsers. Movie fans can also redeem digital codes found in eligible Blu-ray and DVD disc packages from participating studios and enjoy them through Movies Anywhere. Movies Anywhere – your movies, together at last.
ABOUT THE WALT DISNEY STUDIOS:
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Home » Orchestral Works
ARIA: “YOU WILL HAVE THE MOON” (FROM THE ONE-ACT OPERA, THE ALMOND TREE )
INSTRUMENTS/VOICES: The Stepmother (alto/mezzo soloist), 2 flutes, 2 oboes, 2 clarinets, 2 bassoons, 3 French horns, 2 trombones (1 bass trombone), harp, celesta, timpani, and string orchestra (violin I, violin II, viola, cello, double bass)
DESCRIPTION: Aria from the forthcoming one-act opera “The Almond Tree”, based on the Grimm’s fairytale of the same name, by composer Mary Bichner and librettist Maureen Fitzgerald. Married to a man still grieving his first wife, the Stepmother dreads the thought of her daughter, Marjorie, growing up without the security of an inheritance. In “You Will Have the Moon”, the Stepmother promises Marjorie that no matter the sacrifice, she will find a way to provide for her.
PREMIERE: TBA
PERFORMED BY: Xiao’an Li (conductor), Mali Sastri (The Stepmother), and the East Coast Scoring Orchestra
VIOLA CONCERTO IN Gm (FROM MOUNT AUBURN CEMETERY: SPRING AND AUTUMN SUITES )
INSTRUMENTS/VOICES: viola soloist, flute, oboe, clarinet, bassoon, and double-viola string orchestra (violin, viola I, viola II, cello, double bass)
DESCRIPTION: Viola concerto inspired by Mount Auburn Cemetery’s Auburn Lake during a rainy September afternoon. The key of Gm was selected to match the many shades of green found near the lake, as well as the many dried, rust-colored leaves that appeared over summer and early fall of 2016, due to the drought. Commissioned by the Friends of Mount Auburn as part of Mary’s two-year composer residency at Mount Auburn Cemetery.
PREMIERE: June 3rd, 2017 at Mount Auburn Cemetery [Cambridge, MA, USA]
PERFORMED BY: Kristo Kondakçi (conductor), Christopher McClain (viola soloist), Katharina Giegling (concertmaster), Sonia Deng (violin), Abby Swidler (viola I), Minjung Chun (viola I), Carrol Lee (viola II), Foxman James (viola II), Aron Zelkowicz (cello), Nash Tomey (contrabass), Arielle Burke (flute), Elizabeth England (oboe), David Angelo (clarinet), and Susannah Telsey (bassoon)
PIANO CONCERTO IN C (FROM MOUNT AUBURN CEMETERY: SPRING AND AUTUMN SUITES )
INSTRUMENTS/VOICES: piano soloist, flute, oboe, clarinet, bassoon, and double-viola string orchestra (violin, viola I, viola II, cello, double bass)
DESCRIPTION: Inspired by Mount Auburn Cemetery in the first days of spring. The key of C Major was selected to represent the colors of early spring (daffodils, sunny skies, newly-grown grass and plants, etc.). Commissioned by the Friends of Mount Auburn as part of Mary’s two-year composer residency at Mount Auburn Cemetery.
PERFORMED BY: Kristo Kondakçi (conductor), Paul Jacobs (piano soloist), Katharina Giegling (concertmaster), Sonia Deng (violin), Abby Swidler (violin), Christopher McClain (viola I principal), Minjung Chun (viola I), Carrol Lee (viola II principal), Foxman James (viola II), Aron Zelkowicz (cello principal), Nash Tomey (contrabass principal), Arielle Burke (flute), Elizabeth England (oboe), David Angelo (clarinet), and Susannah Telsey (bassoon)
ARIA: GARDEN GOSSIP (FROM MOUNT AUBURN CEMETERY: SPRING AND AUTUMN SUITES )
INSTRUMENTS/VOICES: soprano soloist, alto soloist, mezzo soloist, flute, oboe, clarinet, bassoon, and double-viola string orchestra (violin, viola I, viola II, cello, double bass)
DESCRIPTION: Musical setting of the Frances Sargent Osgood poem, “Garden Gossip”. The key of D major was selected to match the colors found near Mount Auburn Cemetery’s Consecration Dell in the spring. Commissioned by the Friends of Mount Auburn as part of Mary’s two-year composer residency at Mount Auburn Cemetery.
PERFORMED BY: Kristo Kondakçi (conductor), Evangelia Leontis (soprano soloist), Mali Sastri (mezzo soloist), Mary Bichner (alto soloist), Katharina Giegling (concertmaster), Sonia Deng (violin), Abby Swidler (violin), Christopher McClain (viola I principal), Minjung Chun (viola I), Carrol Lee (viola II principal), Foxman James (viola II), Aron Zelkowicz (cello principal), and Nash Tomey (contrabass principal)
ALLEGRO MODERATO IN Ab (FROM MOUNT AUBURN CEMETERY: SPRING AND AUTUMN SUITES )
INSTRUMENTS/VOICES: alto soloist and double-viola string orchestra (violin, viola I, viola II, cello, double bass)
DESCRIPTION: Inspired by a bright autumn day in Mount Auburn Cemetery, in which sudden and frequent gusts of wind carried swirls of colorful leaves across the landscape. Commissioned by the Friends of Mount Auburn as part of Mary’s two-year composer residency at Mount Auburn Cemetery.
PREMIERE: November 4th, 2017 at Mount Auburn Cemetery [Cambridge, MA, USA]
PERFORMED BY: Kristo Kondakçi (conductor), Katharina Giegling (concertmaster), Sonia Deng (violin), Abby Swidler (violin), Christopher McClain (viola I principal), Minjung Chun (viola I), Carrol Lee (viola II principal), Foxman James (viola II), Aron Zelkowicz (cello principal), Nash Tomey (contrabass principal), Arielle Burke (flute), Elizabeth England (oboe), David Angelo (clarinet), and Susannah Telsey (bassoon)
ART SONG: “996” (FROM MOUNT AUBURN CEMETERY: SPRING AND AUTUMN SUITES )
INSTRUMENTS/VOICES: alto soloist, and double-viola string orchestra (violin, viola I, viola II, cello, double bass)
DESCRIPTION: Musical setting of the untitled Emily Dickinson poem referred to as “996” in “The Poems of Emily Dickinson” [Belknap Harvard]. Inspired by watching a beautiful orange sunset over orange-leafed trees while atop Mount Auburn’s Washington Tower. Commissioned by the Friends of Mount Auburn as part of Mary’s two-year composer residency at Mount Auburn Cemetery.
PERFORMED BY: Kristo Kondakçi (conductor), Mary Bichner (alto soloist), Katharina Giegling (concertmaster), Sonia Deng (violin), Abby Swidler (violin), Christopher McClain (viola I principal), Minjung Chun (viola I), Carrol Lee (viola II principal), Foxman James (viola II), Aron Zelkowicz (cello principal), and Nash Tomey (contrabass principal)
HYMN: “FOOTSTEPS OF ANGELS” (FROM MOUNT AUBURN CEMETERY: SPRING AND AUTUMN SUITES )
INSTRUMENTS/VOICES: SATB choir, flute, oboe, clarinet, bassoon, and double-viola string orchestra (violin, viola I, viola II, cello, double bass)
DESCRIPTION: Musical setting of excerpts from the Henry Wadsworth Longfellow poem “Footsteps of Angels”. The key of Eb was selected to invoke a serene evening in autumn, with green grass and orange leaves nestled beneath a clear evening sky. Commissioned by the Friends of Mount Auburn as part of Mary’s two-year composer residency at Mount Auburn Cemetery.
PREMIERE: November 4th, 2017 at Mount Auburn Cemetery
PERFORMED BY: Kristo Kondakçi (conductor), Evanangelia Leontis (soprano), Mary Bichner (alto), Mali Sastri (tenor), Seth Grondin (bass [vocals]), Katharina Giegling (concertmaster), Sonia Deng (violin), Abby Swidler (violin), Christopher McClain (viola I principal, viola soloist), Minjung Chun (viola I), Carrol Lee (viola II principal), Foxman James (viola II), Aron Zelkowicz (cello principal), Nash Tomey (contrabass principal), Arielle Burke (flute), Elizabeth England (oboe), David Angelo (clarinet), and Susannah Telsey (bassoon)
ART SONG: “LOVE-SONG” (FROM MOUNT AUBURN CEMETERY: SPRING AND AUTUMN SUITES )
DESCRIPTION: Musical setting of the James Russell Lowell poem, “Love-Song”. The key of B minor was selected to match the colors of the flowers that bloom near Lowell’s gravesite in the spring. Commissioned by the Friends of Mount Auburn as part of Mary’s two-year composer residency at Mount Auburn Cemetery.
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MC NEWS & EVENTS
Celine Pialago:Woman. Motivated. Empowered. by Pinky S. Icamen | The Philippine Star
Institutional News, Press, Higher Education Unit, CAS, Alumni
MANILA, Philippines — There is undeniable eloquence in Metro Manila Development Authority (MMDA) spokesperson Celine Pialago. Hers is a voice unshaken by society’s many biases, and hers is a strong sense of self that she carries as she continues to traverse the winding thoroughfares of life.
Celine, a former TV reporter, newscaster and beauty queen, is an alpha woman — a go-getter with a take-charge attitude and an established self-worth. “I love challenges because I learn from them. I am the type who always wants to keep moving to get more wisdom from people, places and culture,” she says.
Perhaps these characteristics were fostered in Celine when at 16 years old, while taking up Mass Communication at Miriam College, she chose to live independently from her parents. To provide for her basic needs, Celine, while studying, entered side jobs that got her through those years. Among other side jobs she pursued were as events host and organizer, a model and a DJ.
“I am thankful for my parents because they did not box me in the idea of what they wanted for me. They allowed me to commit mistakes, learn from them and grow as a person. When you learn from those experiences, you’ll be able to understand humanity, you will understand people. I find it helpful with what I am doing now at MMDA,” she shares.
As the MMDA spokesperson, Celine speaks on behalf of chairman Danilo Lim and speaks about the agency and its operations like flood control, solid waste management, transport and traffic management, public safety and greenery projects. For her, going out on the field plays a major role in understanding the situation of the metro so she starts her day at 4 a.m. to join the operations team.
“Our agency is a working agency, we keep on moving so you have to be involved. In this kind of job, you really have to go out and join clearing operations because from there, you will understand and better explain to people what is really happening,” shares Celine, who started working for the Liberal Party in 2015. Her first assignment was as PR head of then Makati City OIC Mayor Kid Peña. She was then pulled out from that assignment to help out with the presidential campaign of Mar Roxas.
“I was one of those who people on social media called ‘dilawan’ but I don’t look at it that way. When I applied to President Duterte in Davao, the first thing they asked me, ‘You came from the Liberal Party, you know the issue about political colors?’ I told them that my loyalty is not with the person, it’s with my country. I want to serve and I want to communicate. When someone wins, I support his or her government. If he or she is wrong, then, I will quit. If I like the administration, of course I will stay. But my loyalty is with the country first.”
Almost two years in her post and Celine admits that though there are challenges that come with the job, she sees beauty in the many lessons she continues to learn from it. “My dad always asks me of my job, ‘Are you happy?’ When you’re happy with what you are doing, you don’t feel tired. You don’t count your working hours that’s why I know I am happy with my job.
“I learned that everything I had gone through, good or bad, has a purpose. Don’t regret things that happen in your life because there’s a reason for it. Look back at your past to learn from it but always choose to move forward,” she concludes.
SOURCE: The Philippine Star
In Full Bloom staged in celebration of Women’s Month, WAGI’s 20th year 3/27/2019
WAACKING | The Manila Times 1/31/2019
HEU-CMO organizes pilgrimage 6/9/2017
MC management, UNAP ink 2018 CBA 2/2/2018
Miriam College, Goldsmiths, University of London launch partnership for niche program in education 2/27/2019
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Life and work of Maulana Mohammad Wali Rahmani
The Milli Gazette
Published Online: Dec 28, 2016
Print Issue: 1-15 December 2016
Book: Hayat-e-Wali
Author: Shah Imran Hasan
Publisher: Rahbar Book Service, New Delhi - 110025
Price: 200
Asif Anwar Alig
Shah Imran Hasan’s biography of Maulana Mohammad Wali Rahmani an enriched addition of literature on the Rahmani movement, a movement for social, economic and educational uplift of Muslims. It has brought many transformations in the community. This book hails the initiatives as harbingers of change.
Beyond an individual’s biography it also profiles scholars who mentored Maulana Mohammad Wali Rahmani for years. His Rahmani movement success leaves a great impact on the Muslim psyche. The biographer provides thorough detail of the movement while profiling personalities associated with it. Such attempts bring to fore their lives and works as much as the resurgence in Muslim lives. This book is therefore a commendable chronicle of a movement for the transformation of the Muslim community.
While highlighting the Maulana’s personality it also focuses on other scholars briefly. Notable highlights are his command over many languages including, English, usually considered alien to India’s Islamic scholars. His initiatives for social uplift since last several decades make him a distinguished figure in Munger in Bihar and the rest of India.
Reproducing some selected sermons of the Maulana the author introduces a thinker, social activist and educationist of our times as an advocate of unity among all sects of the Muslim community. He has been insisting on integrity and unity by appealing to them to become Muslims first instead of being identified as Barelwis, Deobandis, Shias and Sunnis.
Hasan describes the establishment of Khanqah-e Rahmania in 1901. Late Maulana Mohammad Ali Mungaeri and his associates founded it, but Maulana Mohammad Wali Rahmani’s father late Maulana Minnatullah Rahmani nourished the khanqah.
This khanqah has been constantly nourished by visionary scholars, including its current custodian Maulana Mohammad Wali Rahmani. It shapes the destinies of a large chunk of indigent Muslims under the maulana’s guidance. This book informs about the system of preaching, guidance for Islamic learning involving common Muslims to rectify errors in prayers and to learn the basics of Islam. It also highlights the well-organised Madrasa education system.
This book also describes the historical contexts of the lives of many personalities associated with Khanqah-e Rahmania. Many scholars from this institution had to go to jail fighting injustice. They were actively involved in India’s freedom movement as well.
The Maulana considers himself a passionate admirer of freedom fighter and towering leader Maulana Abul Kalam Azad. As an educationist, Maulana Rahmani has been grooming young scholars to serve the Muslim community with zeal. This book profiles a few of them. It also talks about his journalistic attributes and details the publications of the Rahmani movement.
This book reproduces many of his writings and speeches. Subsequent chapters describe the maulana’s exposure to politics and social service. With his election as member of the Bihar Legislative Council on 7 April 1974 he raised many issues in the state Legislative Council to benefit common Muslims legally. Besides speaking for Urdu he struggles to safeguard Indian madrasas from “deliberate defamation”. He wants to ensure their sanctity isn’t tarnished. He inspires young Muslims to stand up and act prudently for their rights without creating any turmoil to compel authorities for timely action.
Khanqah-e Rahmania’s contribution in the movement to safeguard the Sharia Law and to establish Muslim Personal Law Board in 1972 is undeniable. Besides developing spiritual merit this khwanqah proved a stepping stone for several initiatives and inspired Muslims to develop interest in education.
Rahmani Foundation and Rahmani Thirty are major outcomes of his initiatives. They provide the best platform to poor Muslim students to be groomed to crack IIT/JEE, AIIMS and other entrance exams. Rahmani Thirty is a successful pan-India initiative that nourishes meritorious Muslim students to enroll in reputed educational institutions.
The maulana’s other remarkable steps are struggle against Uniform Civil Code; seeking justice to border-area Muslims being unfairly declared “Bangladeshi migrants” and harassment in the name of religion (Islam) by different governments. His steps for acquiring justice to sufferers have been thoroughly described in this book.
Last, but not the least, the the maulana’s untiring efforts and timely steps to save the country’s madrasas are worth mentioning. He met several dignitaries, including the then Prime Minister Atal Behari Vajpayee and presented before him the case of madrasas in the context of their roles in the country’s freedom struggle and nation-building. He argued that madrasas had contributed much to India’s religious and cultural life as universities, if not more.
Arguing that the role of Muslims in India’s freedom struggle preceded the 1857 uprising and it shouldn’t be considered the first war of independence as it was a continuation of preceding struggles and countless resistance movements before 1857. Such facts have been deliberately excluded from history to de-emphasise the irrefutable contributions of Muslims.
The maulana’s notable initiatives include revolutionary steps to bring social reformation, educational reforms in Muslim-majority areas and the assessment of Qur’an recitation. He argues that undoubtedly reading and understanding the Qur’an is crucial in knowing the divine message. Equally, it is important to recite the Holy Book even if not understood.
His steps to support the cause of Urdu, donning the robe of a poet; efforts to establish Muslim Personal Law Board and building modern buildings with necessary amenities for institutions have also been described in this book.
Khanqah-e Rahmania has, over the years, welcomed several dignitaries, including the historic visit of late Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam during his presidency. Besides him, several former prime ministers visited to personally inspect the functioning of its educational institutions.
This book concludes with reproduction of an exclusive interview of Maulana Mohammad Wali Rahmani by the author Shah Imran Hasan. It can be translated into other Indian languages for maximum reach.
The reviewer is assistant professor and media relations specialist at Saudi Ministry of Education. He may be contacted at asifanwaralig@gmail.com
This article appeared in The Milli Gazette print issue of 1-15 December 2016 on page no. 21
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Email Find
About the Doctor
Phase II and Adolescent Treatment
Band Color Chooser
Parts of Braces
For many teens, braces are a rite of passage: They're one more example of the changes adolescents go through at this time — along with growth in stature, edgier tastes in clothes and music, and an increasing degree of self-awareness. But is there any particular reason why orthodontic appliances and teenagers seem to go together? In a word: Yes.
There are several good reasons why adolescence is the optimal time for orthodontic treatment, though occasionally even earlier intervention is called for. One has to do with the development of the teeth: There's no set timetable for every kid, but generally by the age of 11-13 the deciduous (baby) teeth have all been lost, and the permanent ones have largely come in. This is the time when we can go to work correcting the problems that cause a bad bite (malocclusion), improper tooth spacing or poor alignment.
Orthodontic problems don't improve with age — they simply become harder to treat. It's easier to treat many orthodontic problems during adolescence because the body is still growing rapidly at this time. Whether we use standard braces, or appliances like palatal expanders, we can create an improved appearance and function in a short period of time. In later years, when the bones of the face and jaw are fully developed, many conditions become more difficult (and costly) to treat.
There's even a social element to getting orthodontic treatment in adolescence. If you need braces, you're not alone! Chances are you'll see some of your classmates in our office, and you may even make new friends as you go through the process together. When it's done, you'll have a smile that you can really be proud of, and benefits that will last your whole life.
The Orthodontic Treatment Process
What can you expect when you come in to our office for treatment? It all depends on what kind of treatment you need. The first time you come in, we will take pictures and radiographic (X-ray) images of your mouth, and possibly make a model of your bite. Then, we'll develop a treatment plan. It may involve regular braces, with or without elastics (rubber bands). We might also recommend that you use a specialized appliance for a period of time. Here are some of the most commonly used orthodontic appliances:
Metal Braces need no introduction. But you might be surprised to find they're smaller and lighter than ever. They may even offer some customized options, like colored elastic ties on the brackets.
Clear Braces feature brackets made of ceramic or composite materials which blend in with your teeth, making them harder to notice. They're suitable in many situations, but they cost a little more.
Clear Aligners for teens is a series of removable, clear plastic trays that gradually straighten teeth as they're worn (for 22 hours per day). Formerly recommended only for adult patients, they now come with special features — like compliance indicators to tell how often you've been wearing them — that make them appropriate for teens in some situations. The advantage: they're practically invisible!
Lingual Braces offer the most unnoticeable form of orthodontic treatment because they are attached to the back (tongue side) of the teeth, where they cannot be seen at all.
Other orthodontic appliances may be recommended in some cases, where major tooth or jaw movement is needed. They can range from small devices that fit inside the mouth to external headgear. But don't worry: You'll get used to them, and they're temporary — but they provide a long-term benefit in a short time.
How Long Will I Wear Them?
There's no one answer that fits everyone: It all depends on what we need to do in your individual situation. Generally, however, the active stage of orthodontic treatment lasts 6-30 months. Afterwards, you will wear a retainer for another period of months. When your orthodontic treatment is complete, the new smile we've worked together to create will be yours for a lifetime.
The Magic of Orthodontics Proper alignment of the teeth is basic to “Smile Design.” Their position dictates how they work together and affects the way you look and smile. Only orthodontic treatment can move teeth into the right position. Simply put, when things look right, they probably are right. Learn the basics of smile analysis and design and whether the magic of orthodontics will work for you... Read Article
Moving Teeth with Orthodontics Moving teeth orthodontically is a fascinating process by which the bone that surrounds and supports teeth is gently forced to remodel itself. Orthodontics moves teeth with a careful manipulation of force that guide the teeth into a new, improved position and better equilibrium. Light, constant forces applied to the teeth allow them to move in a predictable manner and direction... Read Article
Clear Aligners for Teenagers Teens who regard traditional braces as restrictive, confining, and obstructive to their lifestyles now have another choice for orthodontic treatment: clear aligners. This advanced dental technology, originally geared toward adults, has recently evolved to treat a greater variety of bite problems in younger people. These improved orthodontic appliances can help teens function normally during a difficult phase of life... Read Article
Lara Minahan, DDS, MS
3423 Olney-Laytonsville Rd., Suite 3A / Olney, MD 20832
P: 301.260.2030 / E: MinahanOrtho@yahoo.com
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"Dr. Minahan helped to literally transform the appearance of a young woman's smile! Her attention to every detail and her expert and professional manner were..."
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"I loved having braces with Dr. Minahan. I always loved going to appointments and was sad to be done when I got them off. The staff is so friendly and..."
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"My son was very concerned about having to wear braces in High School. Dr. Minahan and her staff were so understanding and able to make the entire..."
"Dr. Minahan helped to literally transform the appearance of a young woman's smile! Her attention to every detail and her expert and professional manner..."
"We have been very pleased with Dr. Minahan. She is not only very professional, but friendly and kind. She walked us through every step of my daughter's..."
"I can probably go on and on writing! I would recommend Minahan Orthodontics to anyone. I had started my process with the initial orthodontic group..."
"Professional, pleasant, efficient, considerate, and charming. What more could a patient ask for?"
"My family has been very happy with the level of service we have received from Dr. Minahan and her staff. My son is just finishing a multi-year course..."
"Dr. Minahan is a highly skilled and meticulous orthodontist. She corrected my son's severe over-bite and re-aligned his teeth to accommodate his..."
"We found Dr. Minahan and her staff to be extremely professional, yet friendly and accessible. And, we were thrilled with the results after our son wore..."
"Dr. Minahan is Olney's "best kept secret". However, she won't be a secret for long because my daughter's new smile will be giving her away. We will make..."
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The cat's meow
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Father figures
Dads are often overlooked in children’s story books. So this month, we’re focusing on dads — their loving nature, how they can make it all better and...
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Grab-bag books
By Kaitlin Ungs
Kaitlin Ungs is a 20-something Midwest gal who loves kids, the outdoors, travel, art, and books of all kinds. Find her and her social media at kaitlinungs.com.
Just when we think we’ve seen it all in the world of children’s lit, we’re surprised yet again by fresh new story lines — and incredible illustrations — that we just can’t resist! Check out these enchanting tales for some entirely new ways to look at the world.
The Word Collector
Lots of people like to gather things — for Jerome, it’s words, big and small, simple and complex. He loves how they look on paper, how they sound and how they describe things, too. So he sings, writes poems and shares all the words he finds with friends (and then the world).
Ages 4–8 • $17.99
A Chip Off the Old Block
Rocky takes a journey around the world to see his impressive rock-star relatives until he finds his place in the world — in a crack in Lincoln’s nose at Mount Rushmore. This is a true find if you are looking for a silly story about rocks and can appreciate a good pun. In the back, you’ll find Rocky’s family tree with a geologic explanation of each — Mount Etna in Italy, The Wave in Arizona and Devil’s Tower in Wyoming, among others.
When you make your bedtime wishes, they fly up to Rabbit who lives on the moon. Rabbit grinds the wishes into stardust, which fills the sky with stars. One night, Rabbit happens to find his way down to Earth and makes new friends. When he has to go back to the moon, his new friends send him a telescope so they can stay in touch!
Nature’s Lullaby Fills the Night
This is everything we’re looking for in a bedtime story: Dark, dreamy colors? Check. Gentle rhyming? You betcha. Moonlit sleepy animals? Yes! It’s as sweet and soothing as it is sleepy, making it an ideal nighttime book, complete with tenderly illustrated evening scenes.
Ages 3 and up • $16.95
Are you a This or a That? When Neither comes along, the community doesn’t know what to do. Neither sets off for Somewhere Else and ends up finding The Land of All, where everyone fits in, even Whatnot. This charming and colorful hardcover left us smiling.
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Tag Archives: Arts and Humanities Festival
Bridging The Gap Between Scholarship And Play
November 30, 2014 Modern Moves Leave a comment
Photo By Aymar Jean Christian
When people ask me how I became interested in the intersection of nightlife, fashion and popular culture I always tell them that the whole time I was a doctoral student at Yale I split my time between seminars on literary theory and dancing at Mr. Black — when that gay basement den was still a secret black door on Broadway. I read Benjamin on the train to New York City and got coffee for my editors at Condé Nast, the international magazine empire that publishes Vogue and The New Yorker. For me it has always been a challenge to differentiate the nerdy aspect of my personality — the side that is always thinking, analyzing, historicizing, looking for cultural patterns — from the side that loves gossip, fabulous clothes, dancing, and having fun. With the help of my dissertation committee I learned how to bring both sides together.
To me the most interesting academic work bridges the gap between theory and practice, between high theory and what Jack Halberstam has called “low theory,” or theories informed by “low” cultural productions. Great conversations happen when scholars move out of the ivory tower and talk with artists, musicians, dancers and other cultural producers. You have to mix the high with the low — it’s my intellectual philosophy.
That was the idea behind “Music, Fashion and the Power of Queer Nightlife,” a panel I put together for this year’s American Studies Association Annual Meeting on “The Fun and the Fury: New Dialectics of Pleasure and Pain in the Post-American Century” in Los Angeles. At the end of the day I wanted to create a space where scholars could talk about their various expertise in nightlife and club culture and I wanted DJs and party promoters to talk about their interest and expertise in nightlife to see where things emerged. Scholars spend so much time analyzing culture that many of us forget about the cultural producers we’re writing about.
Photo By Madison Moore
The panel was a great success. I lead a conversation — talk show style — about the power and meaning of nightlife with Gregory Alexander and Loren Granic of LA’s A Club Called Rhonda, Amy Cakes Danky Dank, a New York club kid and designer, Victor Corona, who is writing a book on contemporary club kids, Ananya Kabir of Modern Moves, and Modern Moves associate researcher Matthew Morrison, who writes about black sound. The conversation was so powerful that the 90 minute time slot we were given wasn’t nearly enough and hands shot up in the air near the end of the discussion.
A few weeks prior I led a similar conversation right here in London titled In the Mix: DJs, Dance Floors, Diasporas,” a panel with Benjamin Lebrave, Willy Vertueux and John Armstrong, three DJs with specialties in the Afro dance floor. As part of the Arts and Humanities Festival at King’s College London, the panel touched on the history of the dance floor, the DJ as an artist and provided colorful details about what it means to be a DJ on the Afro dance floor.
This was, again, an attempt to create a space that is inside and outside of academia, a space where artists and academics could come together and share their ideas about the dance floor.
As a scholar of performance and performance studies I know that making a piece or producing a piece of theater offers a different kind of knowing. Close reading and analysis of visual, sonic or literary texts can only offer us one kind of theory. But when you get in there and get your hands dirty, when you’re producing your own cultural productions, whatever shape they take, you’re armed with a wholly different type of knowledge and expertise. The way you create a cultural production is it’s own type of theory.
I put my experience producing experimental performances and club events to use when I choreographed IN THE DARK, an underground techno and house music dance party that took place in Hoxton and was part of this year’s Arts and Humanities Festival. With top talent coming from Ø [Phase], The Black Madonna and Edvardas Rut, the dance party was my take on the theory of the event, a subject that has been touched by everyone from Alan Kaprow to Brian Massumi.
I thought if I booked top DJs that everyone and their grandchildren would come to the event. Much to my surprise, and for the first time in my 5 years of producing events, student’s were interested but not really that interested. I was told by one student newspaper representative that they wouldn’t cover the event or promote it beforehand because “it wasn’t newsworthy,” and there was no press release sent out because higher ups at the University felt that it could be bad press and did not “want to end up in the Daily Mail.” This is even as the University fully supported and encouraged every aspect of the event.
Photo By Fareda Khan
The irony of this for me is that I have actually already been in the Daily Mail for my nightlife-meets-academic antics. In the Fall of 2011 I taught an undergraduate seminar on club culture when I was still a graduate student at Yale that made the international airways. I got emails from Yale donors telling me it was shameful that I dragged Yale’s name through the mud with a course like the one I was teaching. So here I was again, three years later, faced with a parallel situation.
Though the party did not go off without problems — it was my first thing in London and dealing with a roster of high profile artists — I thought it was a great success. The DJs where phenomenal. Everybody had fun and I could instantly see what I would do differently the next time. I saw where all my mistakes were.
As I continue with Modern Moves I have several more ideas for experimental performance pieces that will bridge the gap between academia and nightlife, one of which emerged directly out of my experience with IN THE DARK. If you really want to produce a theory of nightlife, and if you really want to understand how nightlife works, to me it is as important to study and spent time on dance floors as it is to produce dance floors. That’s where the theory lies.
MADISON MOORE
Arts and Humanities FestivalDance FloorsDJ CultureDJsLos AngelesNightlife
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Aimags
Old Temples
UB Temples
Active Temples
Ulaanbaatar Reports 2005-2006
UB Active Temples
UB Old Monastries
Interviews with Old Monks 06-07
Toev Aimag Pilot 2004
The Pilot Survey Report
Mongol Messenger Article
National Archive Extracts
Materials Collected by Surveyors (In Mongolian)
Rinchen Maps and Lists (In Mongolian)
Summary of Survey
Mongolian Tulkus and Scholar Lamas (In Mongolian)
D Maidar Temple Lists (In Mongolian)
THE MONGOL MESSENGER- Wednesday, April 28, 2004
Монгол мөссөнжёр сонин 2004 он 4 сарын 28
By Alina Campana
During the 1930s, in less than a decade's time, centuries of Mongolia's history and a large part of its culture were virtually erased. Now, there are still a few remaining Mongolians who would have been alive at the beginning of the 20th century, and a group of researchers has entered in a race against time to record their experiences, knowledge and memories before they are gone forever.
The starting line is this May in Tuv aimag, where the group of foreign and Mongolian researchers will begin the multi-faceted project. They will search for and record the exact locations of temple ruins. A man named Rinchen created an atlas of temple ruins in 1979, but it is sketchy at best. Using this atlas as a general guide, the research team will travel around Tuv aimag to find the actual sites, photograph, and record their GPS locations and the status of the temple—whether its active, destroyed, a museum, etc. They will also record the historical background and personal stories from the locals. According to Guido Verboom, Mongolia Programme Manager for Alliance of Religions and Conservation (ARC), this is one of the most important aspects. "We need to preserve this knowledge, before it is too late. People that know are becoming less everyday."
The project is a collaboration between ARC and the Arts Council of Mongolia. The research in Tuv aimag will be headed by the Dutch researcher Renske Franken and is funded by the Jan Brummelhuis Grant Programme of the Mongolian Consulate in the Netherlands. They hope to continue the project in other aimags. "We hope to find stories," said Verboom. "About the monasteries: what happened, what people did, what the monasteries meant for the people."
Verboom said that restoration of ruins is not a further goal of the project. "What is most important to people is having functional religious centers. It is common to have a new temple built [not on but] near an old site. The ruins themselves have significance in their own right."
ARC allowed Verboom to make time available to devote to initiating this research project, but the project isn't far from ARC'S own activities. ARC is a secular organization which works worldwide with different faiths on environmental issues. The small staff working for ARC initiates and organizes projects, but the religious groups implement them. "Religion has a certain authority," said Verboom. "In general, secular organizations are slightly scared of working with religions. But actually, they are a very good partner."
In Mongolia, ARC focuses on raising general awareness and understanding of environmental issues and the idea that everything is interrelated. Besides local community activities, ARC also does training for monks. "The materials for the trainings are rooted in Buddhist teachings, and from these we offer them tools to work in modern times," explained Verboom.
Ts. Ariunaa, the Executive Director of the Arts Council of Mongolia, said that it is encouraging to see rising interest in Buddhism from different perspectives. "It is a part of our heritage that many of us don't know much about, she said. 'Making connections to the past before they are lost forever, and making those connections speak to people today, is important both for us and our future generations." The Arts Council is currently developing an alternative tour of Buddhism in UB, exploring locations off the beaten path and providing information that isn't commonly known. The tour will run this summer.
The group plans to publish their findings on the internet. To follow their progress, visit www.mongoliantemples.net. For more information on ARC, visit www.arcworld.org. For more information on the Arts Council of Mongolia, please call 319105 or visit www.artscouncil.mn.
© Монголын Сүм Хийдийн Түүхэн Товчоо Төсөл 2019
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For Career news, Resume tools, Interview questions, Career advise, CV tips, etc
Managing and Maintaining Culture Diversity in the Workplace
“If God painted the world without differences in color, his palette would be empty. The painting would be blank.”-Areej K.
What is a world without any differences? Differences and variation is like a painter’s palette with several shades of different colors; some which he squeezed out directly from a tube, and others which he had to mix to make something new and unique. This is diversity!
Cultural diversity is also a form of diversity. It is a result of different people belonging from different countries, religion, race, caste or creed and, therefore, originating from a background of an entirely different culture.
With an increase in globalization came an increase in cultural diversity in the workplace. The most successful businesses are now run by exploiting the advantages of the global marketplace. Working with the Chinese for product material and manufacturing, outsourcing call center tasks to India, and then assembling the final product at your home country is a laid out example of conventional supply chain of some of today’s large organizations.
As a result, diversity is far and wide. Not only is it prevailing in large companies, across nations, it also prevails today within even a small workplace. Approximately thirty percent of the U.S. population is composed of Non-White Americans. This is a considerable large amount and the statistics seem to be increasing by the year.
Evidently, you can see a mix of different languages, colors, and ethnicities when you go to work. Clearly, being the superior or manager of the workplace, you need to know how to deal with the diversity and ensure a tolerant and stable environment, guaranteeing high performing employees without differences or disputes.
Differences in Culture That May Exist (as per Geert Hofstede Analysis)
People vary in the way they dress, communicate, or behave in different situation according to their cultures. Examples of a few of these differences include the following:
Indians consider it impolite to touch or pat someone on the head.
Gifts are not opened in the presence of the giver in India. While American’s consider it rude not to open the gift right away.
Pointing to the feet for Indians is rude because feet are dirty. Pointing at all is rude for Japanese people.
People from Asian cultures are reluctant to give superiors bad news. While some people in other cultures may consider it necessary to be conveyed immediately.
Western cultures are more individualistic and the people prefer to be left alone. Most Asian cultures are collectivist and necessitate social interactions, gift giving, friendliness etc.
Evasive refusals are acceptable for Indians. “No” has harsh implications for Indian and Japanese
Decision making process for Chinese is slow. They ask for some time. Western cultures may interpret this as a “no.”
The gesture of a “V” for victory sign is considered offensive by the British.
For more detailed information on Geert Hofstede’s cultural comparison, view the Hofstede centre site.
How to Deal with the Cultural Diversity
1) Acknowledgment: The first step to handling cultural diversity in the workplace is for you to acknowledge the fact that it exists in the workplace and then allow your employees to acknowledge that fact as well. This can be done through meetings and discussions about the particular subject.
Highlight examples of the variety that exists in the hierarchy and the importance and contributions of all of them as a team. Communicate with them the concept of diversity and differences among cultures that need to be acknowledged.
2) Acceptance: The second step is to ensure that the workers have not only acknowledged the differences, but also accepted them as well. You can do this by taking regular assessments and reviews by the employees. Ask them to fill out surveys about possible encounters with any form of racial or ethnic discrimination in the workplace. Also, observe each individual’s attitude at the workplace and how they well they work with others.
3) Amiability: Lastly, you need to make sure that your employees are working together and label themselves as a “unit” of a “team”. You need to encourage amiability while discouraging animosity. Initiate interaction among by encouraging them to work with others from different background. Organizing events, parties, or casual get-togethers would also be a good idea to promoting amiability and understanding among employees.
In conclusion, you must encourage fairness in the workplace and ensure that it takes place. When in doubt, do investigate the situation, and be willing to treat cultural diversity intolerance with strict discipline.
Author Bio: Madeleine Allan is a developer and a writer. She assists students in choosing the right career path. She also provides essay help to students facing problems with their coding assignment. Find her on Facebook.
Posted by Thripthi Krishna Mohan at 4:04 PM
Labels: Career Advise
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News from Vice President Drew Hubbell
After an experimental year living in Perth, Australia, Vice President Drew Hubbell will return to the States where he will re-assume his position as Associate Professor at Susquehanna University. While abroad, he became co-convener for No Fracking WA, a grassroots organization dedicated to banning unconventional gas development in Western Australia. He also completed his monograph, Byron's Nature: A New Theory of British Romantic Ecology and wrote several other essays. And finally, he was issue co-editor for Landscapes: the Journal for the International Centre for Landscape and Literature (available at http://ro.ecu.edu.au/landscapes/). He is looking forward to joining friends at 2017 NCSA.
Additionally, his essay, "It Cannot Be a Sin to Seek / To Save an Earth-Born Being": Radical Ecotheology in Byron's Heaven and Earth," is just published in Romantic Ecocriticism: Origins and Legacies, ed. Dewey Hall (New York: Lexington) 2016. It is a collection by new and established ecocritics exploring new directions of ecocriticism in Anglo-American Romanticism, ready for anybody's critical review.
Thursday, March 24, 2016/Author: Maura Coughlin/Number of views (1903)/Comments (0)/ Article rating: No rating
Voting in NCSA 2016 Elections
Dear NCSA Member,
As our Constitution details, NCSA is expected to hold elections—and they are now available. As a current member of NCSA, I hope you will take the two minutes it takes to cast a vote in this important effort; you will find pictures and bios for each candidate to Board membership available on our website. You need to “Log In” to the NCSA Website and then click on the “Members’ Area” that will appear in the top menu bar in order to access the voting portion of the site, which will be open for the next three weeks.
Many thanks for participating in this voting process! It is far less tempestuous than the other election process currently going on, but the folks willing to serve NCSA thus would no doubt appreciate you taking the time to cast a vote.
You have to click on “Members Area,” get to that page, and then hover over the bit in the bar to get “2016 elections” to drop down as an option you can click on. Then you can vote!
Director of the University Honors Program
President, Nineteenth Century Studies Association
Book Review Editor, European Romantic Review
KH 208K
University of Nebraska Omaha
Monday, March 21, 2016/Author: Maura Coughlin/Number of views (1843)/Comments (0)/ Article rating: No rating
Call for papers: Music and Politics in Britain, c.1780–c.1850
King’s College London, 2–3 June 2017
Music and Politics CFP.pdf
Tuesday, March 15, 2016/Author: Maura Coughlin/Number of views (2559)/Comments (0)/ Article rating: No rating
Q&A: Katherine Grenier
Katherine Haldane Grenier is a Professor of History and Chair of the History Department at The Citadel in Charleston, SC. She is the author of Tourism and Identity in Scotland: Creating Caledonia (Ashgate, 2005) as well as several articles on tourism in 19th century Scotland. Her most recent article is “’Public Acts of Faith and Devotion’: Pilgrimages in late 19th century England and Scotland” in Perplext in Faith. Essays on Victorian Beliefs and Doubts, Alissa Clapp-Itnrye and Julie Melnyk, eds. (Newcastle-upon-Tyne, 2015). She is a member of the NCSA Board, Past President of the Southern Conference on British Studies and was the Local Arrangements Chair of the 2015 meeting of the North American Conference on British Studies.
What story do you always tell your students about the nineteenth century? Oh, so many to choose from! Since my students tend to be interested in wars, I always enjoy teaching the . . .
Monday, March 14, 2016/Author: Kate Oestreich/Number of views (3251)/Comments (0)/ Article rating: 5.0
2016 Nominations for the NCSA Board of Directors
Slate of Candidates
For the full slate of candidates, click here.
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欢迎光临法律桥---中国最早、最有影响力的原创法律网站之一
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首页 ENGLISH IP Lawyer Judicial Protection of Intellectual Property Rights In 2012
Judicial Protection of Intellectual Property Rights In 2012
Adjudicated according to Law, and Focused on Delivery of Justice
Served the Needs of Socioeconomic Development, and Implemented the National Intellectual Property Strategy
Increased adjudication supervision and guidance, and ensured consistency in application of law
Bolstered the foundation of Basic-Level Courts, and Strengthened the Adjudication Team
In 2012, the people’s courts have advanced judicial operations in the protection of intellectual property rights. Adjudication of intellectual property-related disputes has taken to new heights.
Several major events relating to the judicial protection of intellectual property have taken place as follows:
Wang Shengjun, President of the Supreme People’s Court, presented the Report on Strengthening Intellectual Property Adjudication to Advance the Building of an Innovative Country at the Thirtieth Session of the Standing Committee of the Eleventh National People’s Congress, elaborating the people’s courts activities relating to intellectual property adjudication since 2008;
The Supreme People’s Court (SPC) has issued judicial interpretations Provisions on Issues Relating to the Application of the Law in Adjudicating Civil Disputes Arising from Monopolistic Behaviour, the Provisions on Issues Relating to the Application of the Law in Adjudicating Civil Disputes Involving the Infringement of the Right to Network Dissemination of Information and the judicial policy document Opinions on Leveraging the Adjudicatory Function to Provide Judicial Safeguards for Deepening the Reform of Scientific & Technological Institutions and for Accelerating the Establishment of a National System of Innovation;
The first national workshop for chief judges of intellectual property divisions was held in Guangzhou. This was the first time that Xi Xiaoming, Vice-president of the Supreme People’s Court, provided a comprehensive narrative of the policy to “strengthen protection, classification, appropriate stringency” in the judicial protection of intellectual property;
The China-United States Intellectual Property Adjudication Conference was held in Beijing.
In 2012, the people’s courts discharged their official responsibility in adjudicating intellectual property matters. Delivery of justice was the top priority. Intellectual property-related cases were adjudicated fairly and efficiently. This has improved adjudication quality and efficiency, enhanced judicial credibility, and has enabled the judiciary to further its primary role in intellectual property protection.
In the past year, the people’s courts have adjudicated cases involving all aspects of intellectual property law, encompassing civil, administrative and criminal matters. The number of intellectual property cases has increased substantially this year; the increase in the number of criminal cases most significant, more than double last year’s figures. In terms of the number of first instance intellectual property cases accepted in 2012, there were 87,419 civil cases, 45.99% more than last year; 2,928 administrative cases, 20.35% more than last year; and 13,104 criminal cases, 129.61% more than last year.
Civil Litigation has become an increasingly important means to protect intellectual property.
Adjudicating intellectual property-related civil disputes is essential to the people’s courts. Civil litigation is an important means to protecting intellectual property. In 2012, the people’s court have strengthened protection of various intellectual property branches: patent, to encourage innovation and drive development; trademark, to enable brand-building; copyright, to enhance the overall capacity and competitiveness of the cultural sector; competition, to motivate market players and invigorate the market.
The number of first instance civil intellectual property cases accepted and disposed by local courts grew by 45.99% and 44.07% to 87,419 and 83,850 cases respectively. Within each intellectual property branch, the case numbers and percentage change compared to last year were as follows: 53,848 copyright cases, 53.04% higher; 19,815 trademark cases, 52.53% higher; 9,680 patent cases, 23.80% higher; 746 cases involving technology agreements, 33.93% higher; 1,123 cases involving unfair competition (of which, 55 were first instance civil cases involving monopoly disputes), 1.23% lower; 2,207 cases involved other intellectual property disputes, 0.64% higher. 1,429 first instance cases involving foreign parties were disposed, 8.18% higher; 613 first instance cases involving parties from either Hong Kong, Taiwan or Macao were disposed, 3.46% lower.
For second instance cases involving civil intellectual property disputes, 9,581 were accepted, and 9,929 disposed (including carried over cases), 25.37% and 21.32% higher than last year respectively. New cases and concluded and reopened (zaishen) cases fell by 41.5% and 0.45%, to 172 and 223.
SPC’s intellectual property division accepted 237 cases, concluded 246 cases (including carried over cases); 181 were newly reopened cases, and 186 were disposed (including carried over cases).
Adjudication quality and efficiency has improved. Clearance rate of civil intellectual property cases of first instance at the local courts maintained at 2011’s level of 87.61%; appeal rate fell from 47.02% in 2011 to 39.53% in 2012; reopen (zaishen) rate fell from 0.51% in 2011 to 0.20% in 2012; and overrule or remand for retrial (chongshen) rate increased from 3.66% in 2011 to 5.46% in 2012. The percentage of civil intellectual property cases of first instance concluded within time limit increased from 98.57% in 2011 to 99.24% in 2012.
27 cases preliminary injunction relating to intellectual property disputes were accepted by the various levels of people’s courts; approvals were granted for 83.33% of the cases admitted. To reduce the burden of proof on the part of the applicant, the people’s courts accepted 320 applications for pre-trial preservation of evidence, and 96.73% were granted approval. 74 applications for pre-trial preservation of property were accepted, and 94.67% approved.
High profile cases include Apple Inc. and IP Application Development vs. Shenzhen Proview Technology, involving the “IPAD” trademark dispute; Sany Heavy Industry Co., Ltd vs. Ma’anshan City’s Yonghe Heavy Industry Technology Co., Ltd, involving an unfair competition dispute；Beijing University’s Founder Electronics Co. Ltd vs. Blizzard Entertainment etc., involving the copyright infringement of game fonts; Hu Jinqing and Wu Yunchu vs. Shanghai Animation Film Studio, involving attribution of copyright of the cartoon character “Huluwa” (lit. “Calabash Babies”); Han Han vs. Beijing Netcom Science & Technology Co., Ltd, involving copyright infringement; Zhejiang’s Holley Communications infringement case vs. Shenzhen’s Samsung Kejian Mobile Communication Technology Co., Ltd, involving a patent invention dispute; Zhang Chang, Zhang Hongyue, Nirenzhang Arts Development Co., Ltd vs. Zhang Tiecheng, Beijing Nirenzhang Bogu Clay Factory and Beijing Nirenzhang Arts & Craft Co., Ltd, involving unfair competition dispute; Yaoming vs. Wuhan Yunhedasha Sporting Goods Co., Ltd, involving infringement of moral rights and unfair competition.
Adjudication of intellectual property-related administrative actions further the support and supervision of administrative authorities to ensure lawful operations
In 2012，by granting and validating intellectual property rights and judicial review of administrative enforcements, the people’s courts have streamlined and improved upon the review criteria for granting and validating intellectual property rights, and in regulating administrative operations for matters relating to intellectual property.
The local courts accepted 2,928 intellectual property-related administrative cases of first instance, 20.35% more than last year, and closed 2,899 cases, 17.37% more than last year. Of those accepted, the breakdown by intellectual property branch and percentage change compared to last year is: 760 patent cases, 16.21% higher; 2150 trademark cases, 21.68% higher; 3 copyright cases, 50% higher; 15 cases of other categories, 50% higher.
The number of first instance cases involving foreign parties or Hong Kong, Macao or Taiwan parties continued to account for a large percentage of the cases. Total number of cases was 1,349, representing 46.53% of the concluded intellectual property-related administrative cases of first instance; 1,127 of the above cases involved foreign parties, 109 Hong Kong parties, 0 Macao parties and 113 Taiwan parties.
Total intellectual property-related administrative cases of second instance accepted and concluded by the local courts was 1,424 and 1,388 respectively. Of the concluded cases, 1,225 were affirmed, 118 reversed, 3 remanded for retrial (chongshen), 22 withdrawn, 15 dismissed; in 1 case, the original ruling was revoked and an order issued to docket the case for hearing; 4 other cases were disposed of through other methods.
SPC accepted 98 intellectual property-related administrative cases and concluded 98. Of the concluded cases, 70 cases or 72.16% were dismissed; tishen orders (similar to certiorari) were issued for 20 cases or 20.41%, 2 cases or 2.04%were ordered to reopen (zaishen); 5 cases or 5.10% were withdrawn; 1 case or 1.02% was disposed through other methods.
SPC reviewed 24 tishen cases and concluded 22. Of those concluded, SPC affirmed the original decision for 5 cases, or 22.73%; reversed the decision for 16 cases, or 72.73%. 1 case, or 4.55%, withdrew.
High profile administrative cases include: Wei Tingjian vs. Tiansi Pharmaceutical & Health Co., Ltd, Trademark Review and Adjudication Board of the State Administration of Industry & Commerce, involving an administrative dispute concerning the cancellation of review; Suzhou Dingsheng Food Co., Ltd vs. Suzhou Administration Bureau of Industry & Commerce, Jiangsu Province, involving the administrative sanction of infringement of the “乐活LOHAS” trademark.
Better leverage of criminal adjudication to sanction and prevent infringement of intellectual property
In 2012, the people’s courts have stepped up the criminal enforcement of intellectual property to sanction and prevent infringement of intellectual property.
For intellectual property-related criminal cases of first instance handled by local courts, new filings increased by 129.61% to 13,104 cases, including 7,840 intellectual property infringement cases (4,664 involved infringement of registered trademarks, such as use of counterfeit marks), 150.16% higher than last year; 2,607 were intellectual property infringement cases involving the crime of production and sale of fake or inferior goods, 236.82% higher than last year; 2,587 were intellectual property infringement cases involving the crime of illegal business operations, 48.08% higher than last year; 70 were cases of other nature, 34.62% higher than last year.
The number of intellectual property-related criminal cases of first instance concluded by the local courts has increased by 132.45%, to 12,794 cases. The number of persons against whom judgments were effective totalled 15,518, 54.33% higher than last year, including 15,338 who were given criminal sanctions, year-on-year increase is 94.35%. Of the concluded cases, 7,684 involved infringement of intellectual property; 2,504 involved production and sale of fake and inferior goods (involving intellectual property infringement); 2,535 involved illegal business operations (involving intellectual property infringement); 71 were of other nature (involving intellectual property infringement).
In cases where the offender was found guilty of intellectual property infringement, 2012 cases were convicted of counterfeiting a registered trademark; 1,906 were convicted of selling goods bearing a counterfeit trademark; 615 were convicted of illegally manufacturing or selling illegally manufactured counterfeit marks; 63 were convicted of patent counterfeiting; 3,018 were convicted of copyright infringement; 27 were convicted of selling infringing reproductions; and 43 were convicted of infringing upon trade secrets.
A high profile case involved the copyright infringement of an online game through a private server.
Combined Mediation and Adjudication to resolve disputes in response to the need to build a harmonious society
In 2012, the people’s courts continued to broaden the use of mediation for intellectual property disputes, so as to manage conflicts and maintain social harmony and stability.
First, better aligned the adjudication-mediation processes, where improvement is made in the bridging and balance of adjudication with people’s mediation, administrative mediation and judicial mediation in resolving intellectual property disputes.
The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region’s High People’s Court worked with the region’s various authorities, including the intellectual property bureau, industry and commerce bureau, press & publication bureau and cultural office, to clarify the bridging of the pre-trial mediation and litigation procedure, as well as systems as “mediation by invitation” (yaoqing tiaojie) and “mediation by appointment” (weituo tiaojie) during the trial process.
The Hunan High People’s Court had relied upon the results of its Study on the Judicial Affirmation of Mediation Agreements for Administrative Actions to initiate a pilot study on judicial affirmation of mediation agreements for administrative cases of patent disputes at Changsha Municipality’s Yuelu District People’s Court.
The Fuzhou Intermediate People’s Court had entered into an Agreement on Alignment of Adjudication and Mediation Processes for Intellectual Property Disputes with the Fuzhou customs authority and industry & commerce bureau.
The courts in Tibet, and Hebei, Henan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Guangdong and Hainan provinces also prioritised the development and improvement of a multifarious dispute resolution mechanism, and in the creation and positive development of a “three-in-one” mediation structure that integrates judicial mediation, people’s mediation and administrative mediation.
Second, formulate more innovative mediation methods. To benefit from the professional expertise of industry associations and technical experts, the courts have explored a multi-prong mediation strategy, comprising “mediation by invitation”, “industry mediation” and “expert mediation”. The Beijing courts have established a dispute resolution mechanism comprising mediation strategies “mediation by invitation” and “cooperative practice” by working with entities such as the mediation centre of the Internet Society of China, China Writers’ Association and the Beijing Intellectual Property Bureau. The Zhejiang High People’s Court has also explored the possibility of establishing a mechanism for mediation by appointment, targeting at civil patent disputes. The Xinjiang Autonomous Region High People’s Court has invited technical experts to assist in the mediation for intellectual property cases.
Third, focused on mediation of related cases, and guided the parties to re-channel their resentment from infringement into energy for business cooperation. The Jiangsu Province High People’s Court has assessed the circumstances of related cases in the Karaoke industry and have organised several seminars for copyright owners, copyright collective management organisations, representatives of Karaoke bar owners and the relevant authorities to address at source the many issues in copyright disputes in the Karaoke industry. For high profile intellectual property disputes with related cases, the Guangxi Province High People’s Court organised discussions at the local level with the parties, lawyers and the industry’s regulatory authority.
The people’s courts have made remarkable progress in mediating intellectual property disputes. 70.26% of first instance intellectual property-related civil cases withdrew after mediation. The success in mediating the highly publicised dispute between Apple Inc. and Proview Technology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd involving the “IPAD” mark was highly commended at home and abroad.
Greater judicial openness for improved credibility to address public concerns
In 2012, the people’s courts have employed various methods and approaches when adjudicating intellectual property disputes, and have increased openness and implemented open hearing.
First, the open intellectual property court includes circuit trials, live online telecast of court hearings, invitation of deputies of people’s congresses, members of people’s political consultative conferences and members of the public to observe hearings. In the anti-monopoly case of Qihoo 360 Technology Co., Ltd vs. Tencent Inc., the Guangdong Province High People’s Court invited the media and the general public to observe the case proceedings, and allowed live telecast over the micro-blog. The courts of Inner Mongolia, Henan, Jiangsu, Anhui, Hunan, Sichuan, Fujian, Jiangxi, Ningxia provinces and Xinjiang region have established a permanent system of observation of court hearings by deputies of people’s congresses and members of people’s political consultative conferences, as well as online live telecast.
Second, published written judgements of intellectual property cases to publicise the outcome of the courts’ decisions. The SPC continued to maintain the quality of the Intellectual Property Judgements in China website and the Judicial Protection of Intellectual Property sub-website under the SPC website. The high people’s courts have designated information officer responsible for uploading judgements and decisions on the websites and for maintaining the websites. Information officers must also implement web analytics, and must report and improve the web traffic. As at end 2012, 47,422 intellectual property judgements and decisions have been published on the Intellectual Property Judgements in China website.
Third, published white papers on intellectual property protection and yearbook to present and publicise the people’s court’s adjudication operations for intellectual property cases. In April 2012, SPC released the Intellectual Property Protection by Chinese Courts in 2011 (Chinese & English Editions). In November 2012, Supreme People’s Court, Supreme People’s Procuratorate (SPP) and Ministry of Public Security (MPS) jointly published the first Yearbook on Intellectual Property Protection in China (2011), which compiles important normative documents, work summaries, statistics, research outcomes and typical cases relating to the judicial protection of intellectual property rights. The high people’s courts of Beijing, Chongqing, Shandong, Hebei, Henan, Gansu, Xinjiang, Jiangsu, Hunan, Sichuan, Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan have each issued a white paper or blue paper outlining the judicial protection of intellectual property at the local level.
Based on adjudication practice, the people’s courts found the appropriate points of breakthrough to serve the broader goals of socioeconomic development, and have implemented the national intellectual property strategy to ensure and enable speed and excellence in development. The courts have endeavoured as follows: first, continued extending the boundaries of the intellectual property-related adjudication function to answer the demands of economic and social development; second, persisted in reform and innovation by improving upon the intellectual property-related adjudication system and work mechanisms to address the demands of the national intellectual property strategy; third, further publicised the judicial protection of intellectual property to broaden public impact; fourth, strengthened cooperation with the administrative and law enforcement authorities to broadened the social impact of judicial protection of intellectual property; fifth, buttressed international and inter-regional cooperation to increase global impact.
Continued extending the boundaries of the intellectual property-related adjudication function to answer the demands of economic and social development
In July, to leverage the adjudicatory function as a means to intensify reform of the of scientific & technological institutions and for accelerating the establishment of a national system of innovation, SPC publish the Opinions on Leveraging the Adjudicatory Function to Provide Judicial Safeguards for Deepening the Reform of Scientific & Technological Institutions and for Accelerating the Establishment of a National System of Innovation. The Opinions noted that the people’s courts should improve upon their understanding and their sense of responsibility and of mission in providing judicial protection to serve the said objectives. The Opinions also pointed out that outcomes of intellectual endeavours should be given better protection to spur indigenous innovation and technological transcendence, that new factors should receive allocated rationally and according to law to align science and technology with social and economic development, and that centralised coordination should be strengthened to improve operations and measures, and ultimately augment judicial capacity in rendering protection.
Thus, based on the local cultural characteristics and development of the local cultural industry, the high people’s courts of Tianjin, Inner Mongolia, Hubei, Guangdong, Guangxi and Sichuan have issued specific rules of implementation for providing judicial protection of intellectual property to facilitate development and prosperity of our socialist culture. The rules were formulated to strengthen intellectual property protection in the cultural sector, enable development of the traditional cultural sector, and provide impetus for growth of emerging creative industries. The high people’s courts of Hunan and Shanxi have developed rules of implementation for judicial protection and service for building an innovative economy, which tailored to the local state of socioeconomic development. This would drive innovation and development of science and technology, as well as strategic restructuring of the economy.
The Jiangsu Province High People’s Court surveyed various segments of the cultural industry, such as film production, publication and distribution, Karaoke, games and animation, and intangible cultural heritage, to find out the demands for intellectual property-related judicial protection within the cultural industry. The study culminated in the Report on the Situation Analysis of Intellectual Property Protection of the Cultural Industry in Jiangsu Province, within which included 14 judicial recommendations. The Hunan Province High People’s Court reviewed the irregularities in notarial evidence in intellectual property litigation, and submitted to the local department of justice the Judicial Recommendations for Regulating the Notarisation and Preservation of Electronic Information & Evidence. The Hubei provincial courts have focused on cases involving copyright infringement of KTVs and internet cafes in the course of business operation, and submitted judicial recommendations to the local bureau of industry & commerce, copyright bureau and cultural bureau. The Huangpu District Court in Shanghai also reviewed the irregularities in authorship of movie and television productions and submitted judicial recommendations to the then-State Administration of Radio, Film & Television.
The courts of Beijing, Shanghai, Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia, Shandong, Henan, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Sichuan and Guizhou visited business enterprises and organised intellectual property workshops to establish a long-term contact mechanism with innovators to find out the difficulties and demands of innovators encounter in respect of intellectual property protection. This was as way to provide judicial protection and service that serve the local needs in developing innovative economies. The specific activities were:
Beijing Xicheng District People’s Court visited companies with old trade names, and to protect old trade names and intangible cultural heritage, cooperated with the relevant authorities to initiate the “Intellectual Property Protection Campaign for Old Trade Names”;
Shijingshan District People’s Court proposed the idea of “intelligent protection for CRD (zhi hu CRD) and to build a “Shijingshan Service” brand, so as to provide judicial protection and service for the distribution of goods and the cultural and creative industries under its jurisdiction;
Changzhou Intermediate People’s Court in Jiangsu Province has established a judicial protection contact point for intellectual property matters for key creative industries;
Xuzhou Intermediate People’s Court has set up an intellectual property protection base at the “Creative 68 (‘Chuang Yi 68’)” Cultural Industrial Park;
Shaoxing Intermediate People’s Court in Zhejiang Province has organised a special study on the intellectual property protection of Shaoxing yellow wine;
Hefei Hi-Tech District People’s Court in Anhui Province has completed the Analysis of the Pattern of Typical Cases Involving Copyright Disputes and Study of the Development Strategies of Cultural Industries;
Jingdezhen Intermediate People’s Court in Jiangxi Province initiated a survey of intellectual property protection of porcelain arts and crafts, and provided recommendations for the drafting of the Jingdezhen Porcelain Arts & Crafts Standard;
Hainan High People’s Court commenced studies on the adjudication of intellectual property disputes in the context of Hainan Island being a destination for international tourism;
During the Second China-EuroAsia Exposition and the Eighth China-Kashgar Commodities Trade Fair, the Urumqi Intermediate People’s Court, Shuimogou District People’s Court, Kashgar Region Intermediate People’s Court and the Kashgar City People’s Court deployed intellectual property judges to provide advisory services on intellectual property protection at exhibitions for exhibitors;
Jilin High People’s Court was invited to provide services at the “Intellectual Property Complaint Centre” of the Eighth North-east Asia Investment & Trade Exposition.
Persisted in reform and innovation by improving upon the intellectual property-related adjudication system and work mechanisms to address the demands of the national intellectual property strategy
In 2012, the people’s courts have continued to improve upon intellectual property-related adjudication system and work mechanisms based on the Outline of the National Intellectual Property Strategy, to advance the National Intellectual Property Strategy.
First, promoted the pilot project of centralised adjudication of civil, administrative and criminal cases on intellectual property by the intellectual property division (“three-in-one” adjudication of intellectual property disputes), and improved upon the coordinated adjudication mechanism of civil, administrative and criminal matters relating to intellectual property, such that the overall effectiveness of judicial protection of intellectual property is given play preliminarily. As at end 2012, there were 5 high people’s courts, 59 intermediate people’s courts and 69 basic-level courts that have initiated the pilot project. There are several interesting developments:
In 2012, the Guangdong courts have gone full steam ahead in implementing the reform pilot programme of “three-in-one” adjudication of intellectual property disputes. The provincial court, 19 intermediate courts and 30 basic-level courts have begun implementing the system, where 90% of criminal intellectual property cases were included in the pilot. The Shenzhen Intermediate People’s Court has done so well in the “three-in-one” reform, and the social media has referred to its distinctive model as the “Shenzhen Model”.
The Jiangsu High People’s Court has stepped up its study of the application of the law for criminal intellectual property matters in the “three-in-one adjudication” reform pilot programme, and has led the completion of the Summary of Issues in the Application of law in Intellectual Property Disputes (Draft for Public Opinion).
The courts in Inner Mongolia, Shandong, Hunan, Sichuan, Fujian and Guizhou have also relied on various methods to strengthen cooperation with the administrative and law enforcement authorities to drive the “three-in-one” pilot programme for adjudication of intellectual property disputes.
Second, continued to fine-tune the jurisdiction structure of intellectual property cases. While concentrating the adjudication of cases involving patent, well-known mark and anti-monopoly dispute in certain courts as appropriate, certain basic-level courts are given an appropriate level of authority to accept intellectual property cases. Basic-level courts are encouraged to exercise extra-regional jurisdiction, in order to create a more logical jurisdiction structure. As at end 2012, SPC has appointed 83 intermediate people’s courts to adjudicate cases involving patent disputes, 45 for new plant varieties, 46 for topographies of integrated circuits, and 44 for determination of well-known marks; 141 basic courts are given jurisdiction for general intellectual property cases.
Three, continued improving the fact-finding mechanism for specialised technologies. The courts of all levels have explored effective fact-finding methods for specialised technology in intellectual property adjudication, which encompass forensic examination, expert assistant (zhuanjia fuzhuren) and expert assessor (zhuanjia peishenyuan) as part of the technical fact-finding system. Much effort has been taken by the courts in different regions:
The Heilongjiang Province High People’s Court has developed the Heilongjiang Province Rules of Implementation for Consultation in Scientific & Technological Matters in Intellectual Property Adjudication; Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region High People’s Court has signed a memorandum of cooperation on judicial protection of intellectual property with the region’s science and technology association, and have appointed 25 technical experts as litigation assistants; Jiangsu Province High People’s Court has outlined the method of use of expert witnesses during intellectual property litigation in the Practical Uses of Expert Witnesses in Adjudication of Intellectual Property Cases; the Urumqi Intermediate People’s Court uses expert assessors for all intellectual property cases; Beijing 2nd Intermediate People’s Court has employed the “three-member technical team, and five-member adjudication panel” to try patent cases involving complex technical fact-finding. The courts of Tianjin, Xinjiang, Hubei, Hunan and Sichuan have been actively exploring the expert technical assessor system, and have appointed experts to be lay judges to plug the specialised technical knowledge gaps of intellectual property judges.
Further publicised the judicial protection of intellectual property to broaden public impact
In 2012, the people’s courts have used the World Intellectual Property Day on 26 April as opportunity to organise a Publicity Week for the April 26 World Intellectual Property Day. Wide-ranging, comprehensive and multi-perspective publicity activities on the judicial protection of intellectual property were organised, so as to accelerate the formation of a rule of law culture for intellectual property and to widen the public impact of intellectual property judicial protection.
On 26 April World Intellectual Property Day, SPC organised a press conference and released the Intellectual Property Protection by Chinese Courts in 2011 (Chinese & English Editions), and published the Ten Major Cases and Fifty Typical Cases on Judicial Protection of Intellectual Property for 2011, and the Supreme People’s Court’s Annual Report on Intellectual Property Cases. In November 2012, SPC, SPP and MPS jointly published the first Yearbook on Intellectual Property Protection in China (2011). The local courts have captured fully the benefits of newspapers, books and magazines, publicity brochures, radio stations, television stations, broadcast networks and the internet and other media to promote the significance, judicial policies and achievements of the judiciary in protecting intellectual property, so as to nurture the awareness of intellectual property right and rule of law concept among the public.
The high people’s courts in Beijing, Chongqing, Gansu, Xinjiang, Shandong, Hebei, Henan, Jiangsu, Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Sichuan and Hainan have published their own white paper or blue paper on the judicial protection of intellectual property for 2011. During the publicity week, the Liaoning Province High People’s Court had organised a public incineration of pirated publications, and the Liaoning Television Station broadcasted a special documentary film called the Glorious Path in Intellectual Property Adjudication; the Xining Intermediate People’s Court of Qinghai Province has forged a long-term collaborative relationship with the Qinghai Television Station, which through the economic segment’s “Life and Law (shenghuo yu fa) programme, reported and publicised the court’s work in protecting intellectual property; many media, such as the Legal Daily, Dazhong Daily, Shangdong Satellite Television and Shandong Legal News have reported the intellectual property adjudication work of the courts in Shandong Province, and the People’s Court Daily has also published an article entitled “Clearing the Skies for Rule of Law in Intellectual Property Rights” relating the work of the Shandong courts; the branch courts of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps have also publicised its efforts in protecting intellectual property by giving out questionnaires on intellectual property knowledge and books of the law, and by providing legal advice.
Strengthened cooperation with the administrative and law enforcement authorities to broadened the social impact of judicial protection of intellectual property
In 2012, the people’s courts have aligned as appropriately the relationship between the judicial protection and administrative protection of intellectual property, and furthered their cooperation with the administrative authorities, and have optimised the intellectual property protection regime; in doing so, they have established a synergistic force, and have continued to expand the social impact of the judiciary in intellectual property protection.
The SPC has convened many inter-departmental meetings with the Ministry of Public Security (MPS), SPP, and SAIC to discuss draft legislative proposals for the criminal enforcement of intellectual property, study the standard of proof for criminal cases involving counterfeit and fake or inferior goods, and promoted the establishment of a case guidance mechanism for criminal adjudication intellectual property cases, so as to improve the consistency in judicial enforcement of intellectual property rights.
The people’s courts have assisted the MPS in combating the crime of infringement of rights and counterfeiting, and have since solved 43,000 cases involving the crimes of infringement of intellectual property and of manufacturing and sale of fake and inferior goods. More than 60,000 criminal suspects were arrested, and the amount involved was 11.3 billion yuan.
The high people’s courts of Heilongjiang, Shaanxi etc. have signed a Memorandum of Cooperation on Strengthening Intellectual Property Protection with the administrative and law enforcement agencies, such as the provincial intellectual property bureau, the copyright bureau, industry & commerce bureau, to work together in protecting and managing intellectual property. The Guizhou High People’s Court has stepped up its cooperation and coordination with the relevant authorities, such as the provincial intellectual property bureau, industry & commerce bureau, food and drug administration, the cultural regulatory authorities and the public security department, to find ways to establish a long-term mechanism jointly enforced by the judiciary and the administrative authorities, to protect intellectual property rights involving the cultural heritage of Guizhou’s ethnic minorities, geographical indications, and traditional Chinese medicine. The high people’s courts of Ningxia, Anhui, Hebei, Henan and Guangxi have also taken an active role in adopting various ways to strengthen communication, coordination and cooperation with administrative authorities as the intellectual property bureau, copyright bureau, and industry & commerce bureau, to facilitate positive interaction between the judiciary and administrative law enforcement authorities for a powerful and synergistic force in intellectual property protection.
Buttressed international and inter-regional cooperation to increase global impact
In 2012, the people’s courts have continued to adopt an international perspective, and have broadened the avenues and format to strengthen international and regional exchanges. These are ways to dispel misunderstandings, build trust, and facilitate cooperation, to continue expanding the international impact of China in respect of judicial protection of intellectual property.
In May, the China-United States Intellectual Property Adjudication Conference was held in Beijing. More than 1,200 participants, including representatives of intellectual property judges from China and the United States, government officials, academics, lawyers, representatives of intellectual property owners, attended the seminar. More than 240 intellectual property judges from China were at the conference; the United States sent a delegation of more than 200 people, including seven judges from United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, director of the United States Patent and Trademark Office, and president of the Federal Circuit Bar Association. Twenty-six topics, including “Macro Issues concerning Intellectual Property Adjudication” and “Contribution of Court to the IP System”, were discussed in depth and extensively, with 143 speaking at the conference. The conference reflected the sincerity and goodwill on the part of the Chinese and the Americans to share and cooperate for the future in the increasingly globalised world, and was indeed a milestone in intellectual property relations between the two countries.
SPC has responded positively by sending representatives to participate in activities as the China-US Intellectual Property Work Group Meeting, the China-Europe Intellectual Property Work Group Meeting, the Cross-Straits Intellectual Property Agreement Work Group Meeting, and the intellectual property public relations team that visited the United States etc, and have prepared more than thirty sets of work plans and recommendations that showcased our achievements in intellectual property protection. SPC judges have also received nearly one hundred high level delegates from the United States, the European Union, Japan and Korea, and have responded to the concerns for their foreign visitors, clarified misunderstandings, and shared our practices and achievements in intellectual property protection. They have also corrected misconceptions of a handful of countries in our intellectual property protection regime. SPC has also sent some of its intellectual property judges as participants in international intellectual property meetings in countries as the United States, Ireland and Korea.
The people’s courts have stepped up adjudication supervision and operational guidance for intellectual property cases, unified the judicial standards and improved the quality of adjudication. First, judicial interpretations were strengthened, judicial policies improved, and exercise of discretion during adjudication unified; second, the ways of providing supervision and guidance were broadened to improve the quality of adjudication; third, research and analysis was stepped up to resolve promptly any emerging or difficult problems in application of law.
Strengthened judicial interpretation, improved judicial policies and unified exercise of discretion during adjudication
In May, SPC released the Provisions on Issues Relating to the Application of the Law in Adjudicating Civil Disputes Arising from Monopolistic Behaviour. This was the first judicial interpretation pertaining to anti-monopoly that SPC has issued, providing for initiation of action, accepting a case, jurisdiction, distribution of burden of proof, evidence in litigation, civil liabilities, statutory limitation etc. It was essential for guiding the courts in applying the Anti-Monopoly Law correctly to stop monopolistic behaviour according to law and to ensure fair competition.
In December, SPC issued the Provisions on Issues Relating to the Application of the Law in Adjudicating Civil Disputes Involving the Infringement of the Right to Network Dissemination of Information. This was a judicial interpretation that provided for the principles on which discretion is exercised in cases involving infringement of the right to network dissemination of information, determination of infringement behaviour, determination of joint-direct infringement, induced infringement and contributory infringement, and determination of objective fault on the part of the network service providers. It is an effective tool for dealing with the impact and challenges that the internet presents for the traditional protection of copyright and for ensuring the correct application of the Copyright Law.
In February, Xi Xiaoming, Vice-president of SPC gave a keynote speech at the first workshop for presiding judges of intellectual property divisions on the topic “Grasping Precisely the Current Policies on Judicial Protection of Intellectual Property to Further Strengthen Judicial Protection for Intellectual Property”. For the first time, he gave a comprehensive explanation of how the SPC’s intellectual property tribunal has actively explored the judicial policy of “strengthen protection, classification, appropriate stringency”. These are the basic tenets on which our judicial protection of intellectual property is based. To “strengthen protection” is the necessary path, given our socioeconomic situation as well as the domestic and international environment; “classification” is the necessary requirement, given the nature and characteristics of intellectual property; “appropriate stringency” is the demand, given the implicit connection between protection of intellectual property and economic development.
Broadened ways of providing supervision and guidance to improve quality of adjudication
In 2012, the people’s courts have relied on a variety of methods, such as published guiding opinions and guiding cases, organised meetings on adjudication operations, and announcing information on major and related intellectual property cases to broaden the means of supervision and guidance to improve the quality of adjudication.
In December, SPC has issued a notice on “Issues Regarding the Implementation of the ‘Decision of the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress on Amendment of the Civil Procedural Law of the People’s Republic of China’ in Intellectual Property Adjudication”. The notice highlighted the importance of implementing the Decision on Amendment of the Civil Procedural Law (“Decisions”) for intellectual property adjudication, and set forth matters as a patent agent becoming an agent ad litem in the capacity of a citizen, and correct application of the pre-trial preservation of evidence, to guide the courts in applying the Decisions correctly in the course of their intellectual property adjudication.
The people’s courts have always attached great importance to the demonstrative and guidance function of typical cases in intellectual property adjudication. The selection and publication of typical cases are subject to a unified standard and has become part of the institutional practice over the long term. In April, SPC has selected 34 typical cases from the concluded cases in 2011, and has extracted and summarised 44 problems of application of law which are universally applicable. The problems are compiled in the Supreme People’s Court’s Annual Report on Intellectual Property Cases (2011) and published. SPC has also published the Ten Major Cases and Fifty Typical Cases on Judicial Protection of Intellectual Property for 2011. Those that have also published their local versions of typical intellectual property cases or annual report were the high people’s courts of Beijing, Tianjin, Chongqing, Heilongjiang, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Gansu, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan, Jiangsu, Anhui, Fujian, Guangxi, Yunnan and Xinjiang.
The Zhejiang High People’s Court has organised a province-wide work meeting on intellectual property adjudication and a seminar for presiding judges of intellectual property division for all the intermediate people’s courts within the province. These were aimed at sorting thoughts for adjudicating emerging and difficult cases, to unify the adjudication standards. The courts of Jiangsu Province have created a new approach to adjudicating related cases, and have selected related cases that are either typical or demonstrative, and have taken the initiative to organise circuit tribunals. The Shanghai High People’s Court has developed the Guidebook on Adjudicating Copyright Cases and the Several Issues in Intellectual Property Adjudication during the First Half of 2012. The Hunan High People’s Court has observed and improved upon the reporting system on case trends and information, analysis system of the quality and effectiveness of cases remanded for retrial or cases with amended judgements, and the communication system for cases remanded for retrial or cases with amended judgements, and have promptly studied and notified the courts within the province salient problems in intellectual property cases. The Heilongjiang High People’s Court has leveraged the Heilongjiang adjudication network and relied on the internet for instantaneous communication and the email to set up a guidance network for comprehensive intellectual property research to which all the courts within the province have access. The high people’s courts of Henan, Shanxi and Jiangxi have established a reporting system for related intellectual property cases to ensure consistency of judgement for the same case.
Stepped up research and analysis to promptly resolve any emerging or difficult problems in application of law
In 2012, the people’s courts have focused on intellectual property adjudication, and have continued to strengthen research and analysis to cope with new situations and problems, so as to resolve promptly emerging and difficult problems with application of law.
2012 saw the amendment of six major laws, being the Patent Law, Trademark Law, Copyright Law, Civil Procedural Law, Regulations on Patent Commissioning, and Measures on Service Invention, and SPC has participated in the relevant meetings and discussions, and has closely followed the development of the law, taken note of new situation and emerging issues. It has also reviewed the judicial principles and experiences generated from its adjudicatory practice in recent years, and conducted extensive studies and analysis to propose recommendations for legislative amendments. The intellectual property division SPC has also organised special discussions on particularly salient and difficult issues, including directions for use of drugs, copyright in karaoke, copyright for drama works, and non-squatting trademark issues.
Beijing High People’s Court have completed research outcomes as Answers to Several Issues on Adjudicating Disputes Involving the Infringement of Intellectual Property in E-Commerce, and Bench Book on Adjudicating Copyright Disputes Involving the Sharing of Video Clips etc; Tianjin High People’s Court has published the Study on Intellectual Property Protection for Technology-Based Small & Medium-Sized Enterprises; Shanghai High People’s Court has published the Study on Judicial Protection of Intellectual Property to Facilitate Development of the Cultural and Creative Industries; Hunan Province People’s Court has completed the Research Report Copyright Cases on Karaoke Operators for all Courts within the Province; Jiangsu High People’s Court have commence studies as A Study on Problems Relating to Evidentiary Rules during Adjudication of Intellectual Property Cases and the Study on the Judicial Protection of Intellectual Property for the Cultural Industry; and the Hebei High People’s Court has commenced the Study on Intellectual Property Protection of Fine Ethnic Cultures.
In 2012, the people’s courts have further consolidated the fundamental capacities of intellectual property adjudication and the basic-level courts, strengthened the capacity of the team of intellectual property judges, and drove the scientific development of intellectual property adjudication, so as to respond to the people’s concerns and expectations in intellectual property adjudication. First, the courts have strengthened the adjudication team to improve upon the adjudication regime; second, they have improved political and judicial attitudes and ways, and have strengthened the building of an incorrupt practice to advance judicial impartiality; third, enhanced capacity building of intellectual property judges to elevate judicial credibility.
Strengthened the adjudication team to improve upon the adjudication regime
The people’s courts have always given priority to establishing an intellectual property division within the courts and to building a strong team. Courts that are of intermediate-level and above have intellectual property divisions, and the 141 basic-level courts with civil jurisdiction for general intellectual property matters have also established intellectual property divisions. Intellectual property judges for all levels of courts are selected from candidates who are well-versed in the law, highly-educated, with extensive adjudication experience. This was the way to strengthen the adjudication team and to optimise the adjudication structure. As at end 2012, there were 420 intellectual property divisions across the country, 2,759 intellectual property judges, and of whom, 97.5% with at least a bachelor degree and 41.1% with at least a master degree.
Also important is the leveraging of the fundamental roles of the basic-level and intermediate courts in intellectual property adjudication. In April, SPC issued the Decision on Establishing a Research Base for the Judicial Protection of the Intellectual Property of Pharmaceutical Industry and on Increasing the Number of Demonstration Courts for Intellectual Property Adjudication and Field Study Bases and Theoretical Research Bases for the Judicial Protection of Intellectual Property. Newly added basic-level demonstration courts for intellectual property adjudication were the Beijing Haidian District People’s Court, Shanghai Huangpu District People’s Court, Guangdong Province’s Guangzhou Tianhe District People’s Court, Jiangsu Province’s Nanjing Gulou District People’s Court, and Zhejiang Province’s Hangzhou Xihu District People’s Court, bring the total number to ten. Jiangsu Province’s Nanjing Intermediate People’s Court and Hubei Province’s Wuhan Intermediate People’s Court were the new research bases for intellectual property judicial protection; also, special research bases for intellectual property judicial protection for pharmaceutical industry were established at Jiangsu Province’s Taizhou Intermediate People’s Court and Lianyungang Intermediate People’s Court, bringing the total number of research bases to nine.
Improved political and judicial attitudes and ways, and strengthened the building of an incorrupt practice to advance judicial impartiality
The people’s courts have always focused on developing the political attitudes and ways of intellectual property judges. In 2012, the people’s courts have pursued party-building to lead team-building and finally to achieve adjudication quality. To do that, many thematic activities were organised, such as learning and practising the scientific development concept, education sessions on the socialist rule of law concept, and entitled “People’s Judge for the People” nurture and consolidate the socialist rule of law concept in intellectual property judges, and help the judges reinforce their ideals and beliefs.
The people’s courts have always given priority to strengthening the judicial attitudes and ways of intellectual property judges. The value pursuit is “justice for the people”. To achieve that, the courts have organised major discussions with the public and major checks on judicial attitudes and ways, so as to regulate judicial behaviour and improve on the judicial practice. In December, to implement the eight required qualities to improve the work practice and to regulate judicial actions as set forth by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, SPC published a notice pertaining to the Six Measures to Improve the Judicial Practice to guide the courts to observe the following, based on their practical realities: pursue justice for the people, and maintain close contact with the public; advance judicial openness, and accept the public’s supervision; strengthen communication of the people’s opinions, and expand judicial democracy; streamline meetings and activities, and really improve upon the ways that meetings are conducted; simplify documented reports, and really improve upon the ways that documents are prepared; improve research studies, and improve the effectiveness of research studies. These were the six areas that were worked on to achieve better attitudes and ways on the part of the judiciary.
The people’s courts have always given priority to building a clean and uncorrupted judicial practice among intellectual property judges. In 2012, the people’s courts have launched moral education programmes promoting incorrupt judicial practice, addressing problems with temporary and permanent solutions, but focusing on the root of problems. Moral education aims to help elevate the moral integrity of intellectual property judges and be conscious of resisting moral depravity. The courts of various levels have stepped up the creation of a corruption risk prevention and control mechanism to realise the “five strict prohibitions and the various anti-graft systems. Anti-corruption ombudsman, recusal of judges, anti-interference of case operations by internal officers, anti-conflict of interest etc. are anti-graft measures, which are internal supervisory efforts aimed at improving judicial powers at work.
Enhanced capacity building of intellectual property judges to elevate judicial credibility
The people’s courts have always place great emphasis on strengthening capacity-building among intellectual property judges. In 2012, the people’s courts have adopted a multi-prong approach, and have developed learning-based adjudication divisions, held trainings, organised seminars, initiated the hearing-cum-written judgement “double evaluation system”, to put together a team of high quality and professional intellectual property judges. This was a practical way to improve ability and quality of intellectual property judges in applying the law and in resolving practical problems.
In February, SPC held the first National Workshop for Presiding Judges of Intellectual Property Divisions. All presiding judges from the high people’s courts, intermediate people’s courts and basic-level courts having jurisdiction for intellectual property cases were at the workshop. More than 230 participants were at the meeting. Local experts from the State Council Legislative Affairs Office, the State Intellectual Property Office, and Renmin University of China, and foreign experts from the United States Federal Circuit were invited to give keynote addresses, during which the basic intellectual property regime as well as the most discussed and difficult issues were discussed extensively. In September, SPC held a training course on intellectual property adjudication practice at the National Judges College, where more than 2oo intellectual property judges from across the country were trained. Famous academics and experience SPC judges were invited to impart knowledge on the adjudication practice of patent, trademark, copyright and unfair competition disputes.
SPC has organised more than ten seminars, including “Seminar on the Foremost Intellectual Problems”, “Seminar on the Protection of Copyright on the Internet and Well-Known Marks”, “Forum on Intellectual Property Right of Pharmaceuticals”, “Seminar on the Protection of Intellectual Property Right in the Information Era” and “Seminar on Strengthening Protection of Well-Known Marks and Contain Illegal Trademark Squatting”. Other courts in different regions have also organised similar activities:
The Beijing High People’s Court held the “Fourth Seminar on Prime Intellectual Property Cases for Beijing Courts”; the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region High People’s Court enrolled all the region’s judges in the distant learning programme organised by the China Intellectual Property Training Centre; the Shandong courts were gearing towards the building of a learning-based party branch, where weekly discussions on hot and difficult issues encountered during adjudication of intellectual property cases were held; the Zhejiang High People’s Court has developed a training system for key adjudication personnel of intellectual property-related civil cases; the Sichuan Province courts have stepped up their training of new intellectual property judges by adopting a “one-to-one” mentoring system; the Hunan Province High People’s Court has held trainings on intellectual property adjudication, and have since trained more than 160 key adjudicators of intellectual property cases.
2012 was a gainful year for the judiciary in terms of intellectual property adjudication. For 2013, the people’s courts will assess any changing circumstances and determine the new tasks ahead, and will work towards advancing their cause.
2013 is the first year to implementing the principles as set forth at the National Congress of the Communist Party. It is also a critical year to build on the previous year’s achievements and to continue the good work in the year ahead. It is a year which offers unprecedented opportunities. The people’s courts will practise the principles of the 18th party congress and adhere to the key notions underlying the Deng Xiaoping Theory, the “Three Represents” and the Scientific Development Concept. Their goals are to build a safe country governed by the rule of law, and to “work towards ensuring that the people will experience equity and justice in every judicial case”. They work to enforce the law and adjudicate intellectual property-related disputes, initiate judicial reforms, supervise and guide, build capacity, and strengthen the fundamentals at the basic-level courts. Their ultimate aim is to serve the people, deliver justice, improve judicial credibility, and to power the building of a complete xiaokang society by providing the most effective judicial service.
杨春宝
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London Olympic Games and Paralympic Games Act 2006
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2006 c. 12
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21OffenceU.K.
This section has no associated Explanatory Notes
(1)A person commits an offence if he contravenes regulations under section 19.
(2)It shall be a defence for a person charged with an offence under subsection (1) to prove that the contravention of the regulations occurred—
(a)without his knowledge, or
(b)despite his taking all reasonable steps to prevent it from occurring or (where he became aware of it after its commencement) from continuing.
(3)A person guilty of an offence under subsection (1) shall be liable—
(a)on conviction on indictment, to a fine, or
(b)on summary conviction, to a fine not exceeding £20,000.
(4)[F1A court by or before which a person is convicted of an offence under subsection (1) may require him to pay to [F2a local policing body,] a police authority or to the Olympic Delivery Authority sums in respect of expenses reasonably incurred in taking action under section 22(1) in relation to the matters to which the offence relates.]
Textual Amendments
F1S. 21(4) omitted (E.W.S.) (14.2.2012) by virtue of London Olympic Games and Paralympic Games (Amendment) Act 2011 (c. 22), ss. 1(1), 10(1)
F2Words in s. 21(4) inserted (16.1.2012) by Police Reform and Social Responsibility Act 2011 (c. 13), s. 157(1), Sch. 16 para. 355; S.I. 2011/3019, art. 3, Sch. 1
I1S. 21 in force at 30.5.2006 for E.W.N.I. by S.I. 2006/1118, art. 3(1)
I2S. 21 in force at 31.12.2006 for S. by S.S.I. 2006/611, art. 2
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Shawn Oakman was found not guilty yesterday of sexual assault by a jury in Waco. (I told you there were proof problems. It started off badly with the government's medical witnesses contradicting the alleged victim. The case got muddy in a hurry once it was learned they left a bar together and she was admittedly drunk causing memory issues.) This is the case that led to the floodgates opening down at Baylor.
Side note about the case: Visiting Judge Michael Snipes out of Dallas had one priority based upon trial reports: To make sure he (the judge) wasn't inconvenienced. The trial had a feel of lets-give-him-a-quick-trial-so-we-can-convict-him. (And I can't get a handle on his background. He's a "retired" district judge but just last year he was a prosecutor in the Dallas D.A.'s office.)
I learned this week up at the courthouse about Momo trying to kill our kids . I was sucked in just like the people who told me about it had been sucked in. The Alantic has the story of how this happens and how stories like that routinely catch fire. It's basically the quick creation of modern day urban legends. If you don't want to read it, Saturday Night Live had a skit parodying the phenomenon a few years back.
Edit: Watch that Saturday Night Live skit and then watch this 37 second clip from CPAC this morning! It's a shockingly perfect example.
The "Illegals Are Voting! The Illegals Are Voting!" scam that Texas officials tried to pull off is over. A federal judge even killed the Secretary of State's attempt to have local voter officials contact the people on "The List" and plainly said "there is no widespread voter fraud." And yesterday Gov. Abbott blamed the head of DPS for the whole fiasco.
Uh, Jussie Smollett wrote a check.
Samantha Gannon is joining Mike Doocey on the pretty funny "Free For All" show on at 10:30 on Fox 4. She better be witty, or this won't work.
And Another (Denton Guyer High)
Yep, same person.
I cannot possibly approve of Baylor fans mocking UT with a picture of Rick Barnes during their basketball game this week . The Evil Empire fired him, but he is now having extreme success at the University of Tennessee.
That's a quality bit!
Johnny Football's wife cheated at a half-marathon, and the work Deadspin put into the story is admirable.
Last night the government of Texas executed a 70 year old for a crime that he committed three decades ago. He didn't seem to be all there.
Trump is on a Russian Collusion rant and Michael Cohen rant this morning. He's had enough self-inflicted wounds this week so I'll leave him alone.
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Verses for the Dead
by Douglas Preston and Lincoln Child, read by Rene Auberjonois
After an overhaul of leadership at the FBI's New York field office, A. X. L. Pendergast is abruptly forced to accept an unthinkable condition of continued employment: the famously rogue agent must now work with a partner. Pendergast and his new colleague, junior agent Coldmoon, are assigned to investigate a rash of killings in Miami Beach, where a bloodthirsty psychopath is cutting out the hearts of his victims and leaving them with cryptic handwritten letters at local gravestones. The graves are unconnected save in one bizarre way: all belong to women who committed suicide. But the seeming lack of connection between the old suicides and the new murders is soon the least of Pendergast's worries. Because as he digs deeper, he realizes the brutal new crimes may be just the tip of the iceberg: a conspiracy of death that reaches back decades.
Virgil Wander
by Leif Enger, read by MacLeod Andrews
Midwestern movie house owner Virgil Wander is “cruising along at medium altitude” when his car flies off the road into icy Lake Superior. Virgil survives but his language and memory are altered and he emerges into a world no longer familiar to him. Awakening in this new life, Virgil begins to piece together his personal history and the lore of his broken town, with the help of a cast of affable and curious locals―from Rune, a twinkling, pipe-smoking, kite-flying stranger investigating the mystery of his disappeared son; to Nadine, the reserved, enchanting wife of the vanished man, to Tom, a journalist and Virgil’s oldest friend; and various members of the Pea family who must confront tragedies of their own. Into this community returns a shimmering prodigal son who may hold the key to reviving their town.
Upcoming @ Your Library!
Great Decisions Screening & Discussion
Learn about and discuss the most critical foreign policy issues facing America today. We begin by watching a short documentary at 6:30. At 7:00 the group will discuss the issue. The first topic is "Refugees and Global Migration."
All Day!
Participate in Pi activities at the library, starting in the afternoon. Demonstrations and S.T.E.M. activities.
The Life of Albert Einstein
Learn about the man whose name has become synonymous with "genius."
Literary Conversation Cafe
The topic is "The Middle East: Regional Disorder."
New Resident Reception
Learn a little about the library, town, and other Cranbury organizations. Then enjoy refreshments and conversation with your new neighbors.
Go, Van Gogh!
Explore Van Gogh's works of art, with a focus on pieces at the Metropolitan Museum of Art.
The topic is "Nuclear Negotiations."
Cranbury Public Library
23 North Main Street ~ Cranbury, NJ 08512 ~ Phone: 609-655-0555 ~ Contact Us
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WWE Stars Cena, Rollins, Ambrose, Bellas among Seven at WW Chicago in August
WWE® Superstars John Cena®, Seth Rollins™, Dean Ambrose™, Sasha Banks™, The Bella Twins™, Becky Lynch™ Added to Wizard World Comic Con Chicago Lineup
The Seven WWE® Superstars To Greet Fans, Sign Autographs, Pose For Photo Ops At
Donald E. Stephens Convention Center, August 18-20
LOS ANGELES, CA – July 6, 2016 – In one of the most impressive gatherings of professional wrestling talent in Wizard World history, fans can meet some of wrestling’s biggest names when WWE® Superstars John Cena®, Seth Rollins™, Dean Ambrose™, Sasha Banks™, The Bella Twins™ and Becky Lynch™ attend Wizard World Comic Con Chicago, August 18, 19 and 20 at the Donald E. Stephens Convention Center.
“We’re very excited to have such a large group of incredibly talented WWE® Superstars attending Wizard World Chicago,” said John Maatta, CEO of Wizard World. “The addition of these world-class athletes to Chicago’s already impressive lineup of stars from film, television, comics and more will give fans a unique and exciting experience, and shows Wizard World’s commitment to including all forms of pop culture entertainment at its shows.”
The dates and times for each appearance are as follows:
WWE® Superstar Seth Rollins™ (4-7 p.m.)
WWE® Superstar Sasha Banks™ (5-8 p.m.)
WWE® Superstar John Cena® (3-7 p.m.)
WWE® Superstar Dean Ambrose™ (4-7 p.m.)
WWE® Superstar Becky Lynch™ (2-5 p.m.)
WWE® Superstars The Bella Twins™ (11 a.m.-2 p.m.)
They will greet fans, pose for photo ops, sign autographs and more, at the largest and longest-running Wizard World show.
For complete schedules, check back closer to the show date at www.wizardworld.com.
John Cena® is a 15-time WWE World Heavyweight Champion, five-time U.S. Champion and record-setting Make-A-Wish granter. He has won the Royal Rumble Match twice. He has competed in 12 straight WrestleManias and counting, and — more than a decade into his tenure — he hasn’t slowed down a step.
As one-half of the dazzling The Bella Twins™, Brie debuted on SmackDown in 2008, defeating her first opponent, Victoria, by way of “Twin Magic” — a move in which she and her identical sister, Nikki, secretly switched places during matches. In 2011, the sneaky tactic helped Brie defeat Eve to win the Divas Championship. Every bit as cunning as she is cute, this half-Mexican, half-Italian beauty, along with her doppelgänger, has truly blazed a path for female athletes to follow over the years, both inside and outside the squared circle.
If there is a barrier to be broken or an accolade to be earned, Nikki Bella has done it, and done it with style. A self-admitted "tomboy" with a feminine side, Nikki originally planned to play professional soccer until a leg injury ended her career. From there, she followed her twin sister Brie’s lead into WWE. Unsuccessful in seizing spots in the 2006 WWE Raw Diva Search, The Bellas caught the eyes of execs and soon landed in FCW. Training for the competition they would soon crush (while male WWE fans formed crushes on them), Nikki and her sibling made their way onto the main roster in 2008 and turned heads whenever they set foot inside the ring.
An independent wrestler out of Boston, Sasha Banks™ worked her way through various promotions before finally landing a foot in the door in WWE NXT. Eventually, the quiet but talented young woman found her voice and realized that, well, she kind of ruled. The Boss was born. Since then, Banks has not looked back for a second, though she turned plenty of heads throughout her astounding rise to dominance within NXT’s ultra-competitive women’s division.
Seth Freaking Rollins, is really freaking good. Did you know that he took the WWE World Heavyweight Title from Brock Lesnar? Or that he’s the only man to cash in a Money in the Bank contract in the main event of WrestleMania? Or that he’s the only human being to ever hold the WWE World Heavyweight and United States Championships simultaneously? If you don’t, worry not: He’ll tell you soon enough. And if you somehow manage to tune out his (justified) boasts, it won’t be long until this hybrid athlete’s skills in the ring turn you into a believer.
Dean Ambrose™ is a dangerous man. The Cincinnati scrapper began his path to WWE with a fearless career on the independent scene where he earned a reputation for his ability to absorb and to distribute punishment in equal measure. Through his years toiling away in obscurity, Ambrose competed in some of the most vicious environments imaginable, sacrificing his body and blood in the pursuit of inflicting as much damage on his opponent as humanly possible. Victory was incidental. What mattered to Ambrose was always his message: No one is safe.
A fiery redhead from Dublin, Ireland, Becky Lynch™ is ready to fight anyone in her path. Trained for the squared circle at the age of 15, Lynch travelled the world perfecting her craft before joining NXT in 2014. One thing is certain: Where there are lasses to be kicked and arms to be snapped, you will find Becky Lynch.
The seven join a standout lineup of superstar entertainers scheduled to attend the pop culture extravaganza, including Carrie Fisher (Star Wars); Michael J. Fox, Christopher Lloyd and Lea Thompson (Back to the Future); David Duchovny and Gillian Anderson (“The X-Files”); Norman Reedus (“The Walking Dead”),Charlie Cox, Deborah Ann Woll, Rosario Dawson, Elodie Yung and Elden Henson (“Daredevil”) and many more.
Wizard World comic con and gaming events bring together thousands of fans of all ages to celebrate the best in pop-fi, pop culture, movies, graphic novels, cosplay, comics, television, sci-fi, toys, video gaming, gaming, original art, collectibles, contests and more. Chicago show hours are Thursday, August 18, 3-8 p.m.; Friday, August 19, noon-7 p.m.; Saturday, August 20, 10 a.m.-7 p.m.; Sunday, August 21, 10 a.m.-5 p.m.
For more on the 2016 Wizard World Comic Con Chicago, visit http://wizd.me/ChicagoPR.
Wizard World, Inc. (www.wizardworld.com) produces comic cons and pop culture conventions across North America that celebrate the best in pop-fi, pop culture, movies, television, cosplay, comics, graphic novels, toys, video gaming, sci-fi, gaming, original art, collectibles, contests and more. A first-class lineup of topical programming takes place at each event, with celebrity Q&A's, comics-themed sessions, costume contests, movie screenings, evening parties and more. Wizard World has also launched Wizard World Store (www.shopwizardworld.com), CONtv, a digital media channel in partnership with leading independent content distributor Cinedigm™ (NASDAQ: CIDM), and ComicConBox™ (www.comicconbox.com), a premium subscription-based monthly box service. Fans can interact with Wizard World on Facebook, Twitter, Pinterest, Instagram and other social media services.
The Wizard World 2016 schedule is available at: http://wizardworld.com/searchby/city/.
Labels: Becky Lynch Bella Twins Dean Ambrose John Cena Sasha Banks Seth Rollins Wizard World
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Magda Lewandowska
Music School Warsaw: piano lessons
Prof. Magda Lewandowska completed class of piano directed by Professor Maciej
Paderewsak at the chair of piano headed by Professor Bronisława Kawalla at Frederic Chopin Music University in Warsaw, Poland.
She is a very talented piano instrumental artist and pedagogue. In spite of her young age she is an experienced virtuoso artist and performer. Her musical education and artistic career developed extraordinarily fast and in non-standard way. Her contactswith students is warm but also demanding. During educational process she pays special attention to accuracy and precision in performance, as well as to correctness of the performer’s apparatus of playing instrument (general coordination and movements of hands). Her students are effectively motivated and make fast progress.
In 2004, playing together with her sister, she won the first prize at the Polish Piano Duets Competition in Toruń.
She also gave concerts in Warsaw (at National Philharmony; Warsaw Royal Garden “Łazienki”, Szuster’s Palace, Warsaw Stanisław Moniuszko Music Society) an d in Białystok, Toruń, Piaseczno, Grójec, Tarczyn, Żyrardów and many other places and institutions. Many time she attended at Summer Old Music Workshops in Białystok. On several occasions she played with Frederic Chopin Muisic University Orchestra conducted by Monika Wolińska
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Home NEWS APC Presidential Primary: Buhari gets 2.9m votes in Kano State
APC Presidential Primary: Buhari gets 2.9m votes in Kano State
President Muhammadu Buhari has secured 2,931,235 votes at the just concluded presidential primary election held across the 484 wards in the 44 local government areas of Kano State.
The figure is contained in a statement signed by Mr Abba Anwar, the Chief Press Secretary to Gov. Abdullahi Ganduje, and made available to newsmen in Kano on Saturday. According to him, Ganduje announced the result of the election at the party collation centre.
He explained that the governor retired to the state party secretariat, which served as the collation centre for the exercise after casting his vote at his Ganduje Ward in Dawakin Tofa Local Government Area of the state. Ganduje assured Kano’s total support to the candidature of Buhari as the sole candidate who will carry the party’s flag come 2019.
“Our support is without any doubt looking at the result of this all-encompassing and highly participatory process,’’ Anwar quoted the governor saying after announcing the result. He attributed the massive turnout of registered party members during the primary to stakeholders’ effort at mobilising party members to consolidate the gains of direct primary election process.
“People believe that President Muhammadu Buhari is up and doing. While APC manifesto is a clear and direct manifestation of Buhari’s love for the country. “Ours is just to replicate the good work enunciated by this complete gentleman, our dear leader,” Ganduje said in the statement. (NAN)
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Oman to open an embassy in the West Bank | July 01, 2019
Oman is opening an embassy in Ramallah ‘in support of the Palestinian people‘. .....
.....Read More
Israeli forces raid Ramallah, disregarding Area A under Palestinian Authority | October 01, 2018
While falling in Area A, Israeli forces have raided houses in Ramallah, injuring six Palestinians and arresting three. .....
Palestinians protest against the ‘deal of the century’ | July 03, 2018
A protest mainly of Fatah members was staged in Ramallah against the US Administration ‘deal of the century‘, even though any concrete information of what the deal is remains to be revealed. .....
First TEDx Youth held in Palestine, despite lack of financial support | March 10, 2018
Palestinian high school student brings Ted-X to Al-Masyoon, Ramallah. .....
Israeli forces shut down ten Palestinian media offices on incitement allegations | October 20, 2017
Israeli forces have raided and shut down three media companies and their branches across Ramallah, Nablus, Hebron, and Bethlehem. .....
Construction plans for new settlements fly in the face of a two-state solution | June 18, 2017
In 2017, Israeli authorities approved the highest number of settlement-related projects in 25 years. These include Amichai, the first settlement officially established by the government since 1992, built to "compensate" former residents of the Amona outpost. .....
Reclaiming spaces: in conversation with Bashar And Sami Zarour of Art Siin (س) Gallery | May 27, 2017
Art Siin ("unknown"), an artist-run space in Ramallah, aims to provide an independent platform for upcoming artists. .....
Palestinians mark Nakba Day with rallies across the West Bank and Gaza | May 16, 2017
Rallies took place in various cities to commemorate the 69th anniversary of the Nakba. Clashes took place in Bethlehem and Ramallah between Palestinian protesters and Israeli forces. .....
Eleven Palestinians injured in clashes with Israeli forces after march in support of prisoners | May 11, 2017
Hundreds of Palestinians gathered in Ramallah, in solidarity with political prisoners who entered their 25th day of hunger strike. Some protesters marched towards the Beit El settlement, where clashes erupted with Israeli forces. .....
Ramallah dance festival explores the theme of exile | May 02, 2017
The 2017 Ramallah Contemporary Dance Festival opened on April 20 with a symbolic ‘Welcoming the Stranger’ dance. The festival spanned 10 days and consisted of a repertoire of fascinating and international shows from Indonesia to Norway and Palestine. .....
Israeli Forces invade Ramallah offices of healthwork NGO | November 16, 2016
Two Palestinians were injured in clashes following the invasion of the building, during which the army seized data and smashed equipment. .....
From Beijing to Ramallah: Chinese medicine comes to Palestine | November 02, 2016
Green tea, Taoism, acupuncture. Where do you expect to find these hallmarks of traditional Chinese medicine? Shanghai? Guangdong? Maybe some bohemian corner of Paris or Berlin? The Palestine Monitor spoke with Chinese-trained Ousama Habiballah, the first practitioner of traditional Chinese medicine in Palestine. .....
American-Palestinian child Mahmoud Shaalan was killed in cold blood, investigation finds | July 13, 2016
On February 26, 2016, sixteen-year-old Mahmoud Shaalan was walking to Al-Bireh, when he was shot and killed at the Bet El DCO checkpoint. The Israeli army said Shaalan attempted to stab a soldier at the checkpoint using a knife. But, eyewitness accounts appear to contradict the Israeli narrative......
West Bank, Gaza mark Palestinian Prisoners‘ Day | April 18, 2016
Hundreds of Palestinians took to the streets across the West Bank and Gaza strip Sunday to commemorate Palestinian Prisoners‘ Day......
Israeli forces raid al-Ama‘ari camp, injure 28 Palestinians | February 15, 2016
Twenty-eight Palestinians were reported wounded after Israeli forces stormed al-Ama‘ari refugee camp near Ramallah this Monday morning .....
One Palestinian shot dead after injuring three IDF soldiers | February 01, 2016
A Palestinian shot and injured three IDF soldiers this Sunday at a military checkpoint near the illegal Israeli settlement of Beit El in the occupied West Bank district of Ramallah. .....
Two Palestinians killed after stabbing attack leaves an Israeli woman dead and another injured in West Bank settlement | January 26, 2016
A knife attack carried out in the West Bank settlement of Beit Horon Monday afternoon killed an Israeli woman and left another one moderately wounded. A security guard shot and killed two suspected Palestinian assailants as they attempted to flee. .....
Two Palestinians shot and killed after alleged attacks Friday near Ramallah | December 05, 2015
Two Palestinians were shot and killed Friday following two separate alleged attacks near Ramallah. .....
Two Palestinians killed in the West Bank Wednesday amid continued unrest | October 21, 2015
A Palestinian man, identified as Mutaz Atallah Qassem, 22, was shot and killed Wednesday afternoon after he allegedly attacked an Israeli soldier and one settler near the Israeli Adam settlement in the Ramallah district. .....
UN schools in Gaza close due to budget shortfall, industrial action | August 24, 2015
An estimated 13,000 teachers, health workers, and general staff are participating in the strike .....
Skateboarding aims to mend a fragmented Palestine | August 20, 2015
SkatePAL is a UK-based charity founded in 2012 by an Edinburgh University graduate Charlie Davis. The organisation aims to establish a sustainable skateboarding scene in Palestine. .....
BDS activists flood Ramallah square with Israeli milk | March 03, 2015
Palestinians emptied Israeli dairy produce into the streets of Ramallah on Monday February 2 to highlight the call for a boycott of Israeli goods. .....
Palestinian minister dies after confrontation with Israeli army near Ramallah | December 10, 2014
The Palestinian minister in charge of the struggle against the Israeli separation wall and settlements died Wednesday shortly after a physical confrontation with Israeli soldiers in a village just outside of Ramallah. .....
Israeli army shoots and kills 13-year-old Palestinian child | October 20, 2014
Israeli military forces shot 13-year-old Bahaa Samir Badir in the chest from close range Thursday night in Beit Laqiya. .....
Deadly protest hits West Bank on holiest night in Islamic calendar | July 25, 2014
Palestinians across the West Bank and Jerusalem demonstrate in numbers unseen since second intifida in solidarity with Gaza, violent clashes continue today. .....
Know thy heritage, and share it with the world | June 27, 2014
While the Bethlehem Marching Band’s music echoed in the narrow streets of the town’s Old City, forty young Palestinians made their way to Manger Square. None of them grew up in Palestine, and most of them were seeing the country for the first time. On Sunday the 15 June they where welcomed to their homeland with speeches, music and dance... .....
Israel‘s mass crackdown enters its 11th day | June 23, 2014
The Israeli army detained 37 Palestinians throughout the occupied West Bank overnight Sunday as the mass search operation to find three missing Israeli teens entered its 11th day. .....
2 Palestinians killed during overnight raids in Ramallah and Nablus | June 23, 2014
In a serious escalation of the military crackdown currently gripping the West Bank, Israeli troops invaded central Ramallah last night. As the sound of live ammunition echoed through the city’s streets, youth in Ramallah made the Palestinian Authority the target of furious protest, marking what could be seen as a turning point in events. .....
Palestinian-American "Ramallah Convention" meets for the first time in Ramallah | June 21, 2014
This year, for the first time, the Ramallah Convention is taking place in Ramallah. The event is an annual meet-up for Ramallah-ites in diaspora. More than 1,000 American-Palestinians have descended on the West Bank this week for the occasion, taking place at the Movenpick hotel from June 19th to the 21st. .....
Mass arrests throughout West Bank continue as Israel continues search for missing teens | June 18, 2014
Focus of the search for three missing settler teens has bounced from Hebron, Ramallah, Jenin and now Nalbus, where last night 41 Palestinians were arrested. More than 200 Palestinians have been arrested since raids began early Friday morning, in addition to three serious injuries and one killed in a raid in al-Jalazone refugee camp, near Ramallah. .....
Ramallah‘s Contemporary Dance Festival, fusing the traditional with the contemporary | May 05, 2014
Sareyyet, Ramallah’s scouting organisation, has been a well-known part of the community for decades. In the group’s Al-Tireh Centre, the walls are covered with photographs of drumming parades, sports and ceremonies, snapshots of the city’s history, and trophies recording the group’s success in Dhabke and traditional dance. .....
The Israeli army and settlers vandalize about 3,000 olive trees in two weeks’ time | February 05, 2014
In Sinjil and Turmus Ayya, two villages in Ramallah governorate, approximately 2,000 olive trees and saplings were vandalized or uprooted on 2 February. .....
Getting to know Abdelhadi Yaish, Ramallah‘s local artist | April 12, 2013
Standing in the corner of the main Rukab Street with Al-Anbeya Street, the familiar site of Abdelhadi Yaish and his portraits adorned the wall and pavement. He leaned towards his drawing tripod while holding a cigarette in one hand and a pencil in the other, and asked, “Where are you from?” After a few moments of introductory conversation... .....
Obama says settlements aren’t the issue | March 21, 2013
“Obama has seriously regressed from his previous position on the Palestinian-Israeli conflict of several years ago,” says Mustafa Barghouti, secretary-general of the Palestinian National Initiative. In a joint press conference with Palestinian Authority (PA) President Mahmoud Abbas today, US President Barack Obama called on both sides to... .....
Palestinians tell Obama ‘You‘re not welcome here‘ | March 20, 2013
On Tuesday, the night before President Obama‘s arrival in Israel, around 400 Palestinians gathered in Ramallah to send him a message: they don‘t want him here. Demonstrator Hazem Kawasmi carried a sign that said "Obama, you‘re not welcome here." He said the US‘ close ties with Israel mean they are complicit in the oppression of the Palestinian... .....
IDF raids Palestinian rights organizations in Ramallah | December 12, 2012
On 11 December 2012, the Israeli occupation army raided at dawn three Palestinian NGO offices in Ramallah, ransacking workplaces of the Union of Palestinian Women’s Committee, the Palestinian NGO Network, and Addameer Prisoner Support and Human Rights. .....
Palestine’s UN Bid Success: To what ends? | December 01, 2012
At midnight on Thursday a jubilant Palestine celebrated the overwhelming success of the United Nations General Assembly vote. In the centre of Ramallah, crowds of hopeful Palestinians gathered around a projection screen as the result of the vote was televised live from New York. In the end 138 member states voted in support of Palestine’s bid... .....
In Photos: Ramallah protesting in support of Gaza | November 18, 2012
On the third day of Israel’s latest incursion on Gaza, which Israeli officials call “Operation Pillar of Defense”, the number of martyrs rose as air strikes continued to pound the coastal enclave. Protests were called all over the West Bank cities. In Jenin the protesters headed towards the Jalama checkpoints, where Israeli occupation forces res.. .....
Protests Across the West Bank: Palestinians decry rising costs of living | September 07, 2012
The Palestinian economic situation has reached a fever pitch as daily demonstrations have erupted on the streets of several West Bank cities, including Ramallah, Hebron, Nablus and Jenin in protest of the high cost of living. The protests involve groups of a couple hundred young men blocking off the streets of downtown areas while peacefully.... .....
Hunger striking prisoners still set on freedom or death | July 22, 2012
Ramallah,Wednesday, July 18th- Akram Rikhawi, the 39 year old father of eight from Gaza has entered his 98th day on hunger strike, becoming the longest prisoner to go without food after Mahmoud Sarsak’s 92 day hunger strike. Rikhawi suffers from multiple ailments that have exacerbated his weak state of health, such as diabetes and asthma... .....
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Probing the Arabidopsis Flagellin Receptor: FLS2-FLS2 Association and the Contributions of Specific Domains to Signaling Function
Wenxian Sun, Yangrong Cao, Kristin Jansen Labby, Pascal Bittel, Thomas Boller, Andrew F. Bent
Wenxian Sun
Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
Yangrong Cao
Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
Kristin Jansen Labby
Pascal Bittel
Botanisches Institut der Universität Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
Thomas Boller
Andrew F. Bent
For correspondence: afbent@wisc.edu
Published March 2012. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.112.095919
© 2012 American Society of Plant Biologists. All rights reserved.
FLAGELLIN SENSING2 (FLS2) is a transmembrane receptor kinase that activates antimicrobial defense responses upon binding of bacterial flagellin or the flagellin-derived peptide flg22. We find that some Arabidopsis thaliana FLS2 is present in FLS2-FLS2 complexes before and after plant exposure to flg22. flg22 binding capability is not required for FLS2-FLS2 association. Cys pairs flank the extracellular leucine rich repeat (LRR) domain in FLS2 and many other LRR receptors, and we find that the Cys pair N-terminal to the FLS2 LRR is required for normal processing, stability, and function, possibly due to undescribed endoplasmic reticulum quality control mechanisms. By contrast, disruption of the membrane-proximal Cys pair does not block FLS2 function, instead increasing responsiveness to flg22, as indicated by a stronger oxidative burst. There was no evidence for intermolecular FLS2-FLS2 disulfide bridges. Truncated FLS2 containing only the intracellular domain associates with full-length FLS2 and exerts a dominant-negative effect on wild-type FLS2 function that is dependent on expression level but independent of the protein kinase capacity of the truncated protein. FLS2 is insensitive to disruption of multiple N-glycosylation sites, in contrast with the related receptor EF-Tu RECEPTOR that can be rendered nonfunctional by disruption of single glycosylation sites. These and additional findings more precisely define the molecular mechanisms of FLS2 receptor function.
Arabidopsis thaliana FLAGELLIN SENSING2 (FLS2) is a transmembrane leucine-rich repeat (LRR) receptor kinase (Gomez-Gomez and Boller, 2000; Torii, 2004; Boller and Felix, 2009). FLS2 is the pattern recognition receptor that mediates plant basal defenses triggered by bacterial flagellin, a microbe-associated molecular pattern (MAMP) (Gómez-Gómez and Boller, 2000). The flg22 region within the conserved N terminus of bacterial flagellins carries the elicitation determinant of bacterial flagellin that is recognized by many plants (Felix et al., 1999; Sun et al., 2006; Robatzek et al., 2007; Takai et al., 2008). FLS2 directly binds flg22 (Chinchilla et al., 2007). Site-directed mutagenesis together with structural modeling implicates the conserved cluster of residues across the β-strand/β-turn region of repeats 9 to 14 of the FLS2 LRR as a likely binding region for flg22 peptide (Dunning et al., 2007).
Multiple elements have been identified that participate with FLS2 to accomplish defense signaling in Arabidopsis. For instance, FLS2 associates with the cytoplasmic protein kinase BOTRYTIS-INDUCED KINASE1 (BIK1) in the absence of flagellin or flg peptides, and FLS2 associates with the transmembrane kinases BRI1-ASSOCIATED RECEPTOR KINASE1 (BAK1) and SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE4 (SERK4; also called BKK1) almost immediately after exposure to flagellin or flg22 (Chinchilla et al., 2007; Heese et al., 2007; Lu et al., 2010; Schulze et al., 2010; Zhang et al., 2010; Roux et al., 2011). Upon flg22 treatment, BIK1, BAK1, and FLS2 gain phosphorylation and then BIK1 dissociates from the FLS2 complex (Chinchilla et al., 2007; Heese et al., 2007; Lu et al., 2010; Schulze et al., 2010; Zhang et al., 2010). The LRR-kinase BAK1-INTERACTING RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE1 negatively regulates multiple defense signaling pathways, including FLS2 pathways (Gao et al., 2009), while overexpression of KINASE ASSOCIATED PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE suppresses both flagellin-induced signaling and flg22 binding (Gómez-Gómez et al., 2001). FLS2 undergoes ligand-induced endocytosis following flg22 treatment (Robatzek et al., 2006; Chinchilla et al., 2007). Early downstream signaling events for FLS2 also include a Ca2+-associated membrane depolarization, RESPIRATORY BURST OXIDASE HOMOLOG D–mediated oxidative burst, and activation of calcium-dependent protein kinases and mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades (Felix et al., 1999; Peck et al., 2001; Asai et al., 2002; Zhang et al., 2007; Schwessinger and Zipfel, 2008; Boller and Felix, 2009; Boudsocq et al., 2010; Jeworutzki et al., 2010). Specific effector proteins from bacterial pathogens have been identified that can suppress plant defenses by interaction with FLS2, BAK1, or BIK1 (Shan et al., 2008; Xiang et al., 2008; Zhang et al., 2010; Xiang et al., 2011). Despite this extensive information, it remains unclear how FLS2 itself becomes physically activated so that the extracellular flagellin binding event is transduced to activate the FLS2 kinase domain and/or FLS2 partner proteins to initiate defense signaling. Similar structure/function questions remain for many plant receptor-like kinases (RLKs) (Torii, 2004; Morillo and Tax, 2006; Boller and Felix, 2009).
Activity after ligand-induced dimerization is a common theme for mammalian transmembrane receptor Tyr kinases (Ward et al., 2007; De Meyts, 2008). However, preligand receptor associations are also well known, for example, in the TNF family of receptors (Zhang, 2004). Signaling mediated by plasma membrane–spanning Toll-like receptors (TLRs; which are animal MAMP receptors) can involve receptor homodimers or heterodimers and an adaptor complex. For example, TLR2 can form heteromeric receptors with TLR6 or TLR1 that differ in their ligand specificity (Triantafilou et al., 2006). In many cases, ligand binding promotes dimerization or oligomerization of TLRs, including TLR3, TLR4, TLR5, and TLR9. Receptor dimerization promotes conformational changes in the ectodomains and facilitates stable protein–protein interaction (Weber et al., 2005; Bell et al., 2006; Gay and Gangloff, 2007; Latz et al., 2007).
Knowledge of receptor dimerization or oligomerization in plants is relatively scarce, but an emerging theme is that these associations often exist prior to ligand exposure. Arabidopsis SERK1 can form homooligomers, and S-locus receptor kinases in Brassica form homodimers in the absence of ligand (Shah et al., 2001; Naithani et al., 2007). The best-characterized RLK, the brassinolide hormone receptor BRI1, also is thought to form homodimers independent of ligand binding (Wang et al., 2005; Gendron and Wang, 2007; see also Hothorn et al., 2011). BAK1 and SERK1 were also found to exist in the BRI1 multimeric complex (Karlova et al., 2006). The findings that FLS2 forms heteromeric complexes with BIK1 prior to flagellin exposure and with BAK1 after flg22 exposure are noteworthy not only in showing the roles of these proteins in multiple cellular signaling pathways, but also in demonstrating ligand-dependent association of a plant receptor kinase with a signaling partner (Chinchilla et al., 2007; Heese et al., 2007; Lu et al., 2010). These studies did not explore FLS2-FLS2 associations. Based upon failure to detect signal in bimolecular fluorescence complementation and fluorescence resonance energy transfer assays, Ali et al. (2007) suggested that FLS2 exists in monomeric form before and after exposure to flg22, at least when constitutively overexpressed in protoplasts. However, the homomeric and heteromeric interactions of FLS2 merit further investigation.
Like many other plant and animal LRR-containing RLKs, TLRs, and receptor-like proteins (Diévart and Clark, 2003; Gay and Gangloff, 2007), FLS2 has highly conserved Cys pairs immediately flanking the N- and C-terminal ends of the LRR (in FLS2, C61-C68 and C783-C792). These Cys pair domains are often called LRRNT and LRRCT (van der Hoorn et al., 2005; Gay and Gangloff, 2007). In human TLRs, the conserved Cys pairs form disulfide bonds and are crucial for the formation of capping structures at both ends of the LRR (Kajava, 1998; Kim et al., 2007). In plants, the bri1-5 product, which harbors a Cys69Tyr mutation in the LRRNT domain, is a functional BR receptor, although it is mainly retained in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER; Hong et al., 2008). Other work with tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) Cf-9 transiently expressed in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) did show impacts on protein function despite protein accumulation (van der Hoorn et al., 2005; Kolade et al., 2006). However, the influences of the conserved Cys pairs on FLS2 stability, processing, and function have not been reported.
Another significant feature of LRR receptors and other plant and animal plasma membrane receptors is that the extracellular domains are often glycosylated at multiple sites, or where this has not been explicitly determined, they often carry a large number of putative N-linked glycosylation sites (PGSs; N in NxS/T motifs) (van der Hoorn et al., 2005; Ohtsubo and Marth, 2006). FLS2 contains 20 PGSs in its LRR domain and one more in the LRRCT region. Glycosylation of extracellular domains can facilitate protein folding and transport to the cell surface, as well as appropriate ligand binding, signaling, and receptor stability (Ohtsubo and Marth, 2006). In tomato Cf-9, all PGSs except PGS18 were demonstrated to be N-glycosylated, and functional analyses of PGS mutants showed that all of the glycosylation sites were important for Cf-9 activity (van der Hoorn et al., 2005). Multiple studies on the importance of glycosylation for Arabidopsis EF-Tu RECEPTOR (EFR) function have recently been published, some of which also touch upon FLS2 glycosylation (Li et al., 2009; Nekrasov et al., 2009; Saijo et al., 2009; Häweker et al., 2010).
In this study, we investigate the functional contributions of multiple FLS2 protein domains and modifications. The majority of tests use stable transformation of Arabidopsis to study modified FLS2 proteins in their natural environment and, for any single experimental treatment, report the behavior of many independent T1 transformants. Signaling output assays are coupled with immunoprecipitation assays to discover multiple previously unidentified relationships between FLS2 structure and function.
FLS2-FLS2 Associations Are Present before and after Ligand Binding
To test if FLS2 associates with FLS2 in vivo, we coexpressed, from separate constructs, two differently tagged FLS2 molecules in the same seedlings. Tissue was homogenized in the presence of 0.5% Triton X-100 to solubilize membranes and then proteins carrying one of the tags were immunoprecipitated, followed by a test for the second tag in the immunoprecipitate. The basic result is shown in Figure 1A: When hemagglutinin A (HA)-tagged FLS2 and FLS2-cMyc-green fluorescent protein (GFP) are coexpressed under the control of the native FLS2 promoter in Wassilewskija-0 (Ws-0) plants (naturally fls2− due to a premature stop codon in the FLS2 gene), FLS2-HA copurifies with FLS2-cMyc-GFP in the immune complex precipitated by anti-cMyc antibody. Both epitope-tagged FLS2 alleles have previously been studied and shown to function like wild-type FLS2 (Robatzek et al., 2006; Dunning et al., 2007; this study). These and all other experiments in this study were repeated at least one other time with similar results unless specifically noted. Control experiments were performed to exclude nonspecific association of the two proteins in these assays, as might occur for example by incomplete solubilization of the membranes. EFR, the transmembrane LRR kinase receptor for the bacterial MAMP EF-Tu (Zipfel et al., 2006), did not associate with FLS2 (Figure 1B). In tag-switch experiments, again with FLS2 transgenes expressed under the control of the native FLS2 promoter in stable transgenic plants, FLS2-FLS2 association is observed using FLS2-FLAG in place of FLS2-myc-GFP and is also observed in a Columbia-0 (Col-0) fls2-101 genetic background in addition to Ws-0 (see Supplemental Figure 1A online; Figure 2B). Supplemental Figure 1A online also shows the relative signal when FLS2 coimmunoprecipitation (co-IP) of FLS2 is compared with FLS2 co-IP of BAK1. FLS2-HA was detected in FLS2-cMyc-GFP immune complexes precipitated by either anti-myc antibody or by anti-GFP polyclonal antibody and not by anti-FLAG antibody of the same IgG1 immunoglobulin subtype (see Supplemental Figure 1B online). To document concentration-dependent detection and the relative sensitivity of detection of in vivo FLS2-FLS2 interaction, co-IP experiments were performed with different amounts of total protein extract (see Supplemental Figure 1C online).
Intermolecular FLS2-FLS2 Association in Vivo.
(A) FLS2-HA expressed from FLS2 promoter is present in the FLS2-cMyc-GFP complex immunoprecipitated with an anti-cMyc antibody. Top: Immunoblot of immunoprecipitation products from seedling extracts, pulled down using anti-cMyc antibodies, probed with anti-HA antibody. Middle: Immunoblot of crude plant extract supernatant (no immunoprecipitation) probed with anti-HA antibody. Bottom: Immunoblot of immunoprecipitation products from seedling extracts pulled down using anti-cMyc, probed with anti-cMyc antibody. Vertically aligned lanes from all three panels derived from the same initial extracts of pooled Arabidopsis Ws-0 T1 seedlings transformed, as noted at the top of the figure, with FLS2-myc-GFP and/or FLS2-HA.
(B) The kinase-inactive mutants FLS2G1064R-HA and FLS2T867V-HA partially lose the FLS2-FLS2 interaction and Arabidopsis EFR-HA, another LRR-kinase, fails to coimmunoprecipitate with FLS2-cMyc-GFP. Panels are as in (A) except as noted.
(C) No apparent molecular weight shift for FLS2 from Arabidopsis protein samples treated with or without the reducing regent (DTT) prior to electrophoresis. Immunoblot detection used anti-HA antibody.
(D) FLS2-FLS2 association occurs in the presence or absence of flg22 ligand. Panels are as in (A), except with or without 30-min exposure to 10 μM flg22 as noted.
(E) Time course showing increase in FLS2-FLS2 association after flg22 treatment. Panels are as in (D) except as noted; all lanes in (E) are from same gel and blot.
Within each panel of this and all other figures, all sample lanes were loaded with equal amounts of total plant protein, and all co-IP experiments were repeated at least twice with similar results, unless specifically noted. For this figure, all FLS2 constructs except in (B) were expressed from FLS2 promoters.
The impact of the function-blocking FLS2T867V and FLS2G1064R intracellular domain mutations (Gómez-Gómez et al., 2001; Robatzek et al., 2006) on FLS2-FLS2 association was investigated. Reduced co-IP of these mutant FLS2 proteins was observed (Figure 1B). This suggests that the mutated proteins have a reduced capacity to undergo FLS2-FLS2 associations, although in the case of FLS2T867V-HA and FLS2G1064R-HA, the somewhat reduced abundance of these proteins compared with FLS2WT-HA may also contribute to this effect.
To test the possibility that FLS2 molecules interact with each other through intermolecular disulfide bonds, we performed immunoblot analyses on protein samples in the presence or absence of the reducing reagent DTT. Addition of the reducing agent did not cause molecular weight shift, suggesting that FLS2 apparently does not form intermolecular disulfide bonds with adjacent FLS2 molecules (Figure 1C).
To test if flg22 treatment alters FLS2-FLS2 association, seedlings were incubated with 10 μM flg22. Relative to the untreated control, the intensity of the FLS2-FLS2 association co-IP product remained similar or was slightly increased after 30 min of exposure to flg22 (for example, see Figure 1D). Previous studies demonstrated that early FLS2-mediated responses to flg peptides, such as FLS2 association with and phosphorylation of BAK1, are observable less than a minute after flg22 treatment (Felix et al., 1999; Chinchilla et al., 2006; Heese et al., 2007; Lu et al., 2010; Schulze et al., 2010; Zhang et al., 2010). Therefore, the effect of flg22 on FLS2-FLS2 association was also examined at earlier time points. Slightly elevated amounts of FLS2-HA were present in the anti-cMyc antibody pulldown complex at 2 and 5 min after flg22 addition (Figure 1E). Similar results were obtained in repeat experiments in Col-0 and Ws-0 genetic backgrounds (for example, see Supplemental Figure 1D online). Some variability in the amount of FLS2 protein was observed over the time course of flg22 exposure (lanes were loaded with equal amounts of total plant protein). The data indicate that in vivo, FLS2 is present at least partially in FLS2-FLS2 complexes whose abundance relative to total FLS2 undergoes a small increase in the presence of flg22.
FLS2-FLS2 Association Is Separable from Ability to Bind flg22
co-IP experiments were conducted to directly investigate if the flg22 binding activity of FLS2 is necessary for its ability to form FLS2-FLS2 associations. We previously identified solvent-exposed residues along the proposed concave face of repeats #9-15 of the FLS2 LRR that play an essential role in flg22 perception (Dunning et al., 2007). Several point mutations in this region, including FLS2T366K and FLS2S390K, but not FLS2S390A, cause FLS2 to lose flg22 binding activity (Dunning et al., 2007). FLS2T366K and FLS2S390K still interacted with FLS2WT (Figure 2A) even though they have lost flg22 binding activity. Likewise, the alleles FLS2T342A/H344A (LRR11m) and FLS2T363A/T366A (LRR12m), which have significantly lost flg22 responsiveness (Dunning et al., 2007), retained the ability to interact with FLS2-cMyc-GFP (Figure 2C). FLS2S390A, which retains flg22 binding, also interacts. FLS2-FLS2 association in fls2− lines coexpressing FLS2S390K-HA and FLS2S390K-FLAG demonstrated that a wild-type FLS2 is not required to drive this association (Figure 2B).
In Vivo Association of FLS2 with Mutant FLS2 Proteins.
co-IP experiments were performed and labeled as in Figure 1. All experiments were repeated at least twice with similar results.
(A) Complex formation in vivo between FLS2-myc-GFP and HA-tagged FLS2T366K and FLS2S390K (which lack flg22 binding activity; Dunning et al., 2007) as well as FLS2S390A (which retains flg22 binding [Dunning et al., 2007], as well as two other mutants, FLS2S681L and FLS2L1070P; these mutations also in FLS2NNSL below).
(B) Complex formation in vivo between FLS2S390K-HA and FLS2S390K-FLAG.
(C) FLS2T342A/H344A and FLS2T363A/T366A (double mutants in the 11th and 12th LRR repeats, respectively) form FLS2-FLS2 multimers with FLS2-myc-GFP, while the FLS2NNSL (FLS2N179D, N388D, S681L, L1070P) quadruple mutant does not.
(D) FLS2 can associate with the truncated FLS2 proteins FLS2NoKinase and FLS2NoNT in vivo and associates with or without flg22 treatment. FLS2NoKinase-HA and FLS2NoNT-HA expressed from 35S promoter. All lanes are from same gel and blot and were loaded with equivalent amounts of total plant protein. Schematic of protein constructs is shown in Figure 5A.
We also found FLS2 mutants that failed to form FLS2-FLS2 associations. For example, FLS2NNSL, a flg22-insensitive spontaneous PCR mutant with four point mutations encoding N179D, N388D, S681L, and L1070P, failed to coimmunoprecipitate with FLS2-cMyc-GFP, indicating that FLS2 proteins are not generically pulled down in this assay (Figure 2C; see also Figure 3). To follow up on the FLS2NNSL result, the single mutations S681L and L1070P were constructed. These proteins interact with FLS2-cMyc-GFP (Figure 2A), despite the fact that Col-0 fls2-101 plants expressing the FLS2L1070P allele lack FLS2 activity (lack a response to flg22 in seedling growth inhibition assays; data not shown).
Mutation of the N-Terminal Cys Pair of FLS2 Disrupts FLS2-FLS2 Association and flg22 Binding.
FLS2-HA is wild-type HA-tagged FLS2; C-all4-A carries Cys-to-Ala mutations at Cys-61, Cys-68, Cys-783, and Cys-792; other lanes carry single or double mutants as noted. FLS2-HA constructs were expressed from CaMV 35S promoters. Similar results were obtained in replicate experiments.
(A) co-IP experiment (performed and labeled as in Figure 1) using the HA-tagged alleles noted above each lane, together with FLS2-myc-GFP.
(B) Binding of 125I-flg22 by seedling extracts made from Col-0 fls2-101 plants expressing the designated FLS2-HA constructs driven by the 35S promoter. Data are mean ± se; specific binding is the difference between total binding (125I-flg22 added with no unlabeled flg22 competitor) and unspecific binding (125I-flg22 bound in presence of 1000-fold molar excess of unlabeled flg22). Aliquots of the plant extracts used in binding experiment were separated by SDS-PAGE, blotted, and probed with anti-HA antibody to detect abundance of FLS2 in each extract (total plant protein per lane was equal for all lanes; all images are from the same blot). cpm, counts per minute; WT, wild type.
FLS2-FLS2 Association Occurs through the Intracellular and Extracellular Domains
Truncated FLS2 proteins were used in co-IP experiments to investigate further the portions of FLS2 that mediate FLS2-FLS2 association, again using extracts from stably transformed Arabidopsis plants. Figure 2D shows that full-length FLS2 coimmunoprecipitated a truncated FLS2(NoNT) consisting only of the predicted intracellular portions, including the FLS2 protein kinase but lacking the LRRs. More weakly but also reproducibly, full-length FLS2 coimmunoprecipitated a truncated FLS2(NoKinase) that carries only the predicted extracellular domains, including the FLS2 LRRs but lacking the protein kinase region (Figure 2D). The results suggest that FLS2-FLS2 association is mediated both through intracellular domain interactions and extracellular domain interactions.
The Conserved LRR N-Terminal Cys Pair Impacts FLS2-FLS2 Association and flg22 Binding Activity, but the Membrane-Proximal Cys Pair Does Not
To study the role of the conserved Cys pairs in the LRR-capping domains, we constructed single, double, triple, and quadruple mutations to change the relevant LRRNT and LRRCT Cys codons of FLS2 to Ala codons. Constructs were then expressed by stable transformation of fls2− mutant plants (Col-0 fls2-101) as epitope-tagged FLS2-HA proteins, under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter in the first set of experiments to ensure maximal expression. All constructs caused substantial accumulation of the corresponding protein (Figure 3A). The FLS2 LRRNT and LRRCT Cys pair mutants were then tested for interaction with wild-type FLS2-cMyc-GFP in vivo. As shown in Figure 3A, FLS2C68A, FLS2C61/68A, and FLS2C-all4-A exhibited reduced FLS2-FLS2 association, whereas FLS2C783/792A resembled FLS2WT-HA in its co-IP with wild-type FLS2-cMyc-GFP protein. The flg22 binding capacity of FLS2 Cys pair mutants was also tested. In contrast with wild-type FLS2-HA, plants expressing FLS2 with a disrupted Cys pair in the LRRNT lacked detectable flg22 binding activity (Figure 3B). Plants expressing FLS2 with a disrupted Cys pair in the LRRCT but an intact Cys pair in the LRRNT could still bind flg22. Thus, the conserved Cys pair at the FLS2 LRR N-terminal region is a prerequisite both for successful FLS2-FLS2 association and for flg22 binding, while the membrane-proximal Cys pair is not.
The Conserved LRRNT Cys Pair Is Essential for FLS2 Processing, Stability, and Function; the LRRCT Cys Pair Is Not
To further investigate the impact of the LRR-flanking Cys pairs on FLS2 function, transformed Col-0 fls2-101 T1 plants carrying the various FLS2 alleles with LRRNT and LRRCT mutations were tested for FLS2-mediated responses using the standard assay for seedling growth inhibition in response to flg22 (e.g., Gómez-Gómez et al., 1999; Chinchilla et al., 2006; Dunning et al., 2007; Heese et al., 2007). As previously reported (Dunning et al., 2007), the full-length FLS2WT construct with its HA-tag was functional and caused strongly reduced seedling fresh weight in the presence of flg22, in comparison to the empty-vector (EV) control (Figure 4A). However, all of the FLS2 constructs encoding the C61A and/or the C68A mutation in the LRRNT domain lost flg22 responsiveness. The constructs containing only the C783A and/or the C792A mutations in the LRRCT domain retained strong FLS2 function. Although variable levels of expression between independent transgenic plants carrying the same construct were evident, as is commonly observed, immunoblot analyses (see Supplemental Figure 2A online) showed that HA-tagged FLS2 was readily detectable for all of the 35S-FLS2 mutant alleles used to generate Figure 4A. The data demonstrate that the conserved Cys pair at the LRRNT region is functionally important, whereas the Cys pair at the LRRCT (membrane-proximal) region is not essential for FLS2 function.
The Conserved Cys Pair at the FLS2 LRR N Terminus Impacts FLS2 Production, Processing, and/or Stability, in Addition to Its Function, but the Membrane-Proximal Cys Pair Does Not.
EV, no FLS2; FLS2 (WT), wild-type FLS2; C61A, Cys-61 mutated to Ala (similar nomenclature for other single and double mutants); C-all4-A, FLS2 quadruple mutant encoding C61A, C68A, C783A, and C792A. All FLS2 alleles encoded an HA-tagged protein under control of the 35S promoter.
(A) Functional test of FLS2 Cys-to-Ala alleles driven by 35S promoter in transgenic T1 seedlings of Arabidopsis Col-0 fls2-101, transformed with the specified FLS2 allele and subjected to seedling growth inhibition assay in the presence of 2.5 μM flg22. Mean ± se is shown for multiple independent transformants (usually 10) for each allele. WT, wild type.
(B) Functional test of FLS2 Cys-to-Ala alleles driven by native FLS2 promoter, tested in transgenic T1 seedlings of Arabidopsis Ws-0 accession (Ws-0 naturally lacks a functional FLS2). Seedling growth inhibition assay in the presence of 2.5 μM flg22; mean ± se are shown. All FLS2 alleles were expressed as cMyc-GFP–tagged proteins.
(C) Production of ROS induced by 1 μM flg22 in leaf samples from plants described in (B), detected using luminol reagent. Area under the curve for 30 min. oxidative burst (see Supplemental Figure 2B online) was calculated for each sample and then normalized to mean value for EV transgenics tested within same experiment. Data shown are combined from three independent experiments and depict mean ± se; n ≥ 8 independent T1 lines for each construct.
(D) FLS2 expression driven by the native FLS2 promoter, detected by immunoblot analysis using an anti-cMyc antibody, for randomly chosen individual transgenic T1 seedlings from the experiment in (B). Bottom: Ponceau S staining of same blot to detect total protein.
(E) Glycosylation state of FLS2 and an FLS2 mutant lacking the LRRNT Cys pair, detected by immunoblot after the treatment of Endo H and PNGase F. FLS2 expression driven by 35S promoter in Col-0 fls2-101. -, No treatment; E, Endo H treatment; P, PNGase treatment.
(F) Presence of FLS2 proteins in plasma membrane–enriched fraction. Two-phase partitioning experiment was performed using transgenic plants with HA-tagged FLS2-WT, FLS2-C61/68A, or FLS2-C783/792A expressed from FLS2 promoter. α-Arf1 detects the cytosolic ADP-ribosylation factor 1 protein; α-ATPase detects the plasma membrane H+-ATPase.
We also studied FLS2 LRRNT and LRRCT mutants expressed from a native FLS2 promoter. Seedling growth inhibition assays showed, as for the 35S constructs, that LRRCT Cys mutants conferred a flg22 response similar to wild-type FLS2, while the LRRNT Cys mutants had a clearly diminished flg responsiveness (Figure 4B). Additionally, transgenic T1 plants expressing FLS2 C61A, C68A, or C61/68A (LRRNT) mutants did not produce an oxidative burst after flg22 treatment, whereas transgenic plants with FLS2 C783A, C792A, or C783/792A (LRRCT) mutations reproducibly responded to flg22 treatment with a stronger oxidative burst than the wild type, as long as the FLS2 in question did not also carry an LRRNT mutation (Figure 4C; see Supplemental Figure 2B online). In callose deposition assays with the native promoter constructs in Ws-0, flg22 treatment induced callose deposition in only a small proportion of seedlings carrying an FLS2 transgene encoding C61A or C68A mutations, whereas new callose was prominent in the majority of seedlings expressing FLS2WT, or C783A or C792A mutations (data not shown). Protein abundance experiments were consistent with these functional results. In transgenic Ws-0 ecotype (naturally fls2−) carrying the FLS2-HA transgene under the control of the native FLS2 promoter, immunoblot analyses with randomly chosen T1 seedlings showed that only 25% of seedlings (three out of 12) had detectable FLS2 expression when C61 or C68 were mutated in FLS2. By contrast, most of the seedlings (11 out of 12) expressing the FLS2C783A or FLS2C792A alleles had detectable FLS2 protein level (Figure 4D).
The possibility of incomplete/incorrect processing of newly synthesized FLS2 was then investigated using standard Endoglycosidase H (Endo H) and N-glycosidase F (PNGase F) tests. These enzymes cleave off glycans from ER-localized immature glycosylated proteins that are in the early stages of maturation before processing through the Golgi, while mature membrane proteins that have been successfully delivered after processing through the Golgi are largely insensitive to Endo H or PNGase F (Nekrasov et al., 2009). Treatment of T1 seedling extracts revealed that C68 and C61/68 mutations eliminate the Endo H–insensitive or PNGase-insensitive pool of FLS2 (Figure 4E), suggesting little or no presence of mature protein, whereas the C783/792 mutant retains the Endo H–insensitive fraction expected for mature receptor proteins (see Supplemental Figure 2C online). Two-phase partitioning experiments further confirmed that FLS2 with C61/68A mutations no longer localizes to the plasma membrane fraction, unlike wild-type FLS2 and FLS2 with C783A/C792A mutations (Figure 4F). The results in Figures 4D to 4F indicate that the LRRNT Cys pair is required for correct processing and stability of FLS2. Together with the FLS2-FLS2 association and flg22 binding data, and with the data that FLS2-HA LRRNT mutant proteins confer only partial FLS2 function and do so only in a minority of transgenic lines, these protein abundance and glycosidase experiments indicate that the LRRNT Cys pair is very important but not absolutely required at multiple stages: for FLS2 processing, stability, and function.
Truncated FLS2NoNT Protein Interferes with the Function of Endogenous FLS2
To further dissect the structure and function of FLS2, seven specifically chosen FLS2 mutant alleles were expressed with a C-terminal HA tag under the control of the 35S promoter (Figure 5A). The FLS2G1064R mutation is found in fls2-17 plants, a widely used mutant background for FLS2 studies in which flg22 binding and FLS2 signaling are nonfunctional (Gómez-Gómez et al., 2001). FLS2T867V, mutated in a predicted phosphorylation site of the intracellular juxtamembrane domain, was previously shown to exhibit normal flg22 binding but loss of FLS2 signaling and of FLS2 protein endocytosis after flg22 stimulation (Robatzek et al., 2006). FLS2NNSL, as noted above, is a spontaneous PCR mutant with four point mutations encoding N179D, N388D, S681L, and L1070P. Four other newly constructed alleles encode truncated FLS2 gene constructs FLS2NoKinase (FLS2 amino acids 1 to 869), FLS2NoNT (amino acids 777 to end), FLS2NoLRR (amino acids 1 to 42 and 799 to end; deletion of amino acids 43 to 798), and FLS2NoCT (amino acids 1 to 1153), as is depicted in Figure 5A. These FLS2 mutant alleles failed to restore flg22 responsiveness when they were expressed from a 35S promoter in the fls2-101 background (Figure 5B). Expression of the protein products except FLS2NoCT was readily detectable by immunoblot analyses, although it was weak for the FLS2G1064R allele (see Supplemental Figure 3A online). Previous studies reported that the FLS2G1064R allele, carrying a mutation in the kinase domain, does not confer FLS2 function and produces an unstable FLS2 protein when expressed under its native promoter (Gómez-Gómez et al., 2001; Robatzek et al., 2006). Our results show that the FLS2G1064R and FLS2T867V mutants are nonfunctional even when protein abundance is restored by expression from a strong promoter. Immunoblot analyses (see Supplemental Figure 3 online; additional replicates not shown) also demonstrated that the FLS2NoCT variant consistently had a low abundance compared with wild-type FLS2, suggesting that the C-terminal tail in FLS2 has an important role in FLS2 stability.
FLS2NoNT and FLS2NoLRR Have a Dominant-Negative Effect on FLS2 Function, and the Dominant-Negative Effect Is Dependent on Expression Level but Independent of Kinase Activity.
(A) Schematic of the mutated and truncated FLS2 genes tested. CT, C terminus (C-terminal 20 amino acids); Kinase, protein kinase domain; NNSL, N179D, N388D, S681L, and L1070P quadruple mutant; SP, native N-terminal export signal amino acids; TM, transmembrane domain; WT, wild type. “X” marks indicate approximate location of amino acid changes; all constructs were made in pGWB14 (see Methods).
(B) Functional test of the mutated FLS2 proteins in an fls2− genetic background, determined by seedling growth inhibition assay. All FLS2 variants (see [A]) were placed under control of the CaMV 35S promoter and transformed into Col-0 fls2-101 plants. Data for each allele are for multiple independent T1 transgenic seedlings grown in the presence of 2.5 μM flg22.
(C) Functional test of the mutated FLS2 proteins in a Col-0 (FLS2+) genetic background, determined by seedling growth inhibition assay with 2.5 μM flg22. The constructs in (A) were transformed into wild-type Col-0 plants. Similar results were obtained in three repeat experiments.
(D) Functional test of the mutated FLS2 proteins in a Col-0 (FLS2+) genetic background, determined by oxidative burst measurements. The area under the oxidative burst curve (relative luminescence units × time) was determined for each transgenic seedling; histogram shows mean ± se for eight T1 seedlings. Averaged ROS traces (luminescence over time) are shown in Supplemental Figure 3D online.
(E) Functional test of mutated FLS2 constructs transformed into Col-0 (FLS2+) genetic background, determined by seedling growth inhibition assay of T1 seedlings in 2.5 μM flg22.
(F) Functional test of FLS2NoLRR proteins with expression driven by 35S promoter or FLS2 native promoter, in a Col-0 (FLS2+) genetic background, determined by seedling growth inhibition assay of T1 seedlings in 2.5 μM flg22.
In (B) to (F), mean ± se are shown.
The FLS2 constructs of Figure 5A were also expressed under the control of the 35S promoter in the Col-0 ecotype, which carries a wild-type form of FLS2 and therefore responds to flg22. The mutant FLS2 proteins were all produced in Col-0, although FLS2NoKinase and FLS2NoCT accumulated to lower levels than FLS2WT (see Supplemental Figures 3B and 3C online). Assays with multiple independent T1 seedlings showed that Col-0 plants transformed with EV displayed the typical seedling growth inhibition in response to flg22, resulting in a very low seedling fresh weight as in previous studies (Figure 5C). However, the FLS2 kinase construct FLS2NoNT strongly and reproducibly reduced flg22-induced growth inhibition, indicating a dominant-negative effect on wild-type FLS2 function. Overexpression of some of the other 35S-FLS2 constructs, including FLS2WT, seemed to partially reduce overall FLS2 activity in this set of experiments, possibly due to weak dominant-negative activity or to occasional cosuppression of both the transgene and the endogenous FLS2 gene. However, when the flg22-induced oxidative burst was monitored in experiments with other transgenic plants, a strong dominant-negative action was observed only for FLS2NoNT (Figure 5D). 35S-driven expression of the FLS2NoNT construct in transgenic Col-0 T1 and T2 plants blocked all detectable oxidative burst induced by flg22 treatment, whereas reactive oxygen species (ROS) were still generated after flg22 treatment in transgenic Col-0 plants expressing the FLS2NoCT, FLS2NoKinase, and FLS2WT constructs (T1 plants in Figure 5D and Supplemental Figure 3D online; T2 plants in Supplemental Figure 3E online). Consistently, flg22-induced ethylene production, mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade activation (MPK3 and MPK6 phosphorylation), and restriction of the growth of Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato strain DC3000 also were inhibited in FLS2NoNT transgenic Col-0 plants (see Supplemental Figures 3G to 3I online). Overexpression of the FLS2NoNT construct did not reduce the levels of epitope-tagged wild-type FLS2 in Ws-0 plants (see Supplemental Figure 3F online).
The dominant-negative activity of the FLS2 intracellular kinase domain (FLS2NoNT) was further dissected using a kinase-dead allele in which a D997A mutation disrupts the core Asp that is central to the catalytic activity of this type of protein kinase (Knighton et al., 1991). Full-length FLS2D997A fails to confer flg22 responsiveness (see Supplemental Figure 3J online). The FLS2NoNT/D997A construct with the D997A mutation still retained dominant-negative activity (Figure 5E). The same was true of the similar FLS2NoLRR/D997A construct. FLS2NoNT and FLS2NoLRR constructs with T867V or G1064R mutations also retained dominant-negative activity over wild-type FLS2 when overexpressed under a CaMV 35S promoter (Figure 5E). The quantitative rather than qualitative nature of this dominant-negative activity was further documented by the finding that function of native FLS2 (in wild-type Col-0) was retained if expression of the FLS2NoNT transgene was under the control of a native FLS2 promoter, or if the 35S-FLS2NoNT construct was transformed into a Ws line that strongly expresses a full-length wild-type FLS2-myc-GFP transgene (Figure 5F; data not shown).
To test if the dominant-negative effect of FLS2NoNT is due to nonproductive occupation of shared downstream signaling partners, such as BAK1 or BIK1, which are also used in other signaling pathways, we performed seedling growth inhibition assays to test for disruption of the EFR-mediated response to elf18 treatment. The response was similar with or without FLS2NoNT overexpression, at each of three concentrations of elf18 (see Supplemental Figure 3K online). Furthermore, co-IP assays that detected the previously documented flg22-dependent interaction of BAK1 with FLS2 did not detect an interaction between BAK1 and FLS2NoNT (see Supplemental Figure 3L online).
Unlike EFR, FLS2 Is Relatively Insensitive to Mutation of Putative N-Glycosylation Sites
FLS2 appears to be a glycosylated protein, based on its unexpectedly slow migration in SDS-PAGE and the 21 PGSs in the FLS2 extracellular domain. In vitro removal of carbohydrate from the FLS2 protein backbone using the endoglycosidases PNGase F and Endo H (Figure 4E) corroborated the previous observation that FLS2 is a glycosylated protein (Chinchilla et al., 2006). To determine the functional significance of N-linked glycosylation in FLS2 extracellular domain, we used site-directed mutagenesis to replace the Asn codon with an Asp codon in the PGSs in FLS2 constructs driven by the native FLS2 promoter. For each allele, multiple independent T1 transgenic seedlings were generated and tested for responsiveness to flg22. Repeated seedling growth inhibition assays showed that none of the single-PGS mutations caused a reproducible difference from the wild-type FLS2 in responsiveness to flg22 (Figure 6A). These results were confirmed in assays for flg22-elicited ethylene production, which was not significantly different between fls2-101 plants transformed with FLS2WT or single PGS mutation alleles for all 15 of the PGS alleles that were tested (data not shown). In subsequent experiments, FLS2 alleles with double, quadruple, sextuple, and octuple PGS replacements were made and expressed downstream of native FLS2 promoter in stable transgenic plants. Among these, none showed a major loss of FLS2 function, and only two mutants, both with octuple PGS mutations, partially lost flg22 responsiveness (Figure 6B; data not shown). Immunoblot analyses showed a detectable molecular weight reduction for all of the octuple PGS mutants, suggesting a depletion of glycosylation (Figure 6C). The four octuple PGS mutants were further investigated using Endo H. Although all of these mutants still generate the Endo H–insensitive form expected of protein that has been delivered from endomembrane system to plasma membrane, MDG11.12 and 11.13 produced much less (Figure 6D). Immunoblots also detected, in separate experiments, smaller C-terminal HA-tagged bands in plants expressing the MDG10.12 and 11.12 proteins, apparently due to proteolytic release from what was originally full-length FLS2 protein (for example, see Figure 6C).
FLS2 Is Apparently Less Sensitive to Disruption of PGSs Than EFR.
(A) Replacement of single PGSs in FLS2 does not detectably alter response to flg22. Multiple independent transgenic T1 seedlings of Col-0 fls2-101 transformed with mutant FLS2-HA constructs as noted (all expressed from native FLS2 promoter) were assayed by seedling growth inhibition in 10 μM flg22. Data shown are mean ± se. Each seedling weight was normalized to average weight of Col-0 fls2-101 transformed with wild-type (WT) FLS2-HA, from the same experiment, to allow comparison of data from separate experiments.
(B) The FLS2MDG10.12 and FLS2MDG11.12 mutants that each carry eight PGS mutations partially lose responsiveness to flg22, while the other two octuple PGS mutants respond normally to flg22, as tested by seedling growth inhibition assays in 2.5 μM flg22. Data shown are mean ± se. pHD2.1-EV expresses FLS2 lacking the LRR region (controlled by native FLS2 promoter); same vector with wild-type or mutant LRR-encoding region used in other samples. The octuple PGS mutants are as follows: MDG10.12: N94D, N179D, N217D, N262D, N388D, N406D, N432D, and N525D; MDG11.12: N262D, N347D, N361D, N371D, N388D, N406D, N432D, and N525D; MDG10.13: N94D, N179D, N217D, N262D, N588D, N684D, N733D, and N744D; MDG11.13: N262D, N347D, N361D, N371D, N588D, N684D, N733D, and N744D.
(C) Immunoblot with anti-HA antibody used for detection, showing that mutation of PGS leads to a reduction in the size (apparent molecular weight) of FLS2, presumably due to reduced glycosylation. WT, wild-type FLS2-HA (loaded three times); octuple-PGS FLS2-HA products are described in (B).
(D) Immunoblot analysis with anti-HA antibody used for detection of FLS2 MDG10.12, MDG10.13, MDG11.12, and MDG11.13 after treatment with or without Endo H. Bottom: Same blot after Ponceau staining for total protein.
(E) EFRN342D and EFRN366D mutants with single PGS mutations lose responsiveness to 1 μM elf18, and a partially reduced response was also observed with some other EFR single PGS mutants. Data shown are mean ± se.
(F) Detectable levels of EFR-HA protein in randomly selected transgenic T1 seedlings are highly variable but similar for PGS mutants and wild-type EFR. Immunoblot with anti-HA antibody used for detection. Bottom: Same blot after Ponceau S staining for total protein.
EFR is another plasma membrane receptor for a bacterial MAMP, EF-Tu, and EFR has 16 PGSs in the extracellular LRR domain (Zipfel et al., 2006). We made a set of single PGS mutations in EFR and tested for elf18 responsiveness. Two single PGS mutants (EFRN342D and EFRN366D) completely lost elf18-induced seedling growth inhibition, and at least six other single PGS mutants exhibited partial loss of elf18 responsiveness (Figure 6E). Like FLS2 and many other transgenically expressed proteins, EFR levels were variable between transgenic lines, but in the nonfunctional N342D and N366D mutants, EFR protein was not reproducibly absent (Figure 6F). Impacts of disrupted glycosylation on EFR function were then also reported by others (Li et al., 2009; Nekrasov et al., 2009; Saijo et al., 2009; Häweker et al., 2010). In summary, although N-linked glycosylation is a common feature of plant LRR RLK receptors and FLS2 carries this glycosylation, and although for two of four octuple PGS mutants tested a subpool of FLS2 did exhibit some perturbations, FLS2 function (unlike EFR) was remarkably unperturbed by mutation of multiple PGSs.
Transmembrane LRR-RLKs are a major class of plant proteins, accounting for ~1% of the genes in the genomes of Arabidopsis, rice (Oryza sativa), and poplar (Populus spp; Shiu et al., 2004; Tuskan et al., 2006). The broader goal of this study was to provide insight into structure-function relationships within LRR-RLK proteins, using FLS2 as a particularly well-studied example in which models for receptor mode of action are becoming increasingly refined.
FLS2-FLS2 Association
We observed, in a variety of experiments, that a significant portion of FLS2 is present in FLS2-FLS2 associations prior to ligand exposure. This is consistent with previous observations for many types of transmembrane receptors, including mammalian Tyr kinases such as G-protein–coupled receptors or insulin receptors, and plant receptors, including S-receptor kinase and BRI1 (Zhang, 2004; Bulenger et al., 2005; Wang et al., 2005; Naithani et al., 2007; De Meyts, 2008; Harding and Hancock, 2008; Nakasako et al., 2008). The simplest and most likely model is that FLS2 is present as a dimer. However, we use the term “FLS2-FLS2 associations” because FLS2 may also be present in larger multiprotein complexes, such as receptor matrices or nanoclusters (Agnati et al., 2005; Harding and Hancock, 2008). Models cannot be eliminated in which FLS2-FLS2 association occurs through one or more intermediary bridging molecules (such as BIK1) between the FLS2 proteins. Such models seem less likely in light of our finding that in planta, truncated FLS2 proteins can form FLS2-FLS2 association through the intracellular domain or the extracellular domain. However, the reported failure of Ali et al. (2007) to observe FLS2-FLS2 association by fluorescence resonance energy transfer and bimolecular fluorescence complementation methods may also speak to this latter model. Their data could have arisen if constitutive overexpression of epitope-tagged FLS2 in protoplasts did not mimic the natural FLS2 context (other research groups have also encountered difficulty in obtaining validated results with FLS2 in protoplast systems) or if the paired fluorescent tag proteins did not orient appropriately despite some level of proximity. Alternatively, the negative data of Ali et al. (2007) may suggest that an intermediary bridging molecule does occupy a position between associated FLS2 monomers.
FLS2 is present in FLS2-FLS2 associations both prior to and after exposure to flg22. There are at least two possible explanations for this. First, the FLS2-FLS2 associations may be functionally important in flg22 signaling but recruit BAK1 and release BIK1 without FLS2-FLS2 dissociation. For example, FLS2 may remain dimerized before and after exposure to flg22 or flagellin but change conformation upon ligand binding to allow the dimer to dissociate from BIK1 and gain interacting BAK1 molecules as FLS2-mediated signaling becomes activated. There are examples of animal cell surface receptors that bind ligand and coreceptor proteins as receptor-dimers or multimers (Zhang, 2004; Bulenger et al., 2005; De Meyts, 2008). Signaling may initiate at the cell surface and/or ensue during endocytosis (Geldner and Robatzek, 2008). In an alternative model, the FLS2-FLS2 associations may be silent in signaling and a separate pool of unassociated FLS2 may function in signaling without forming FLS2-FLS2 associations. Although it is not conclusively eliminated, a third model (ligand-induced dissociation of FLS2-FLS2 associations to allow interaction with BAK1) seems less likely in light of our results. We observed, if anything, increased recruitment of FLS2 to FLS2-FLS2 associations at 2 and 5 min after exposure to flg22.
A limited correlation was observed between formation of FLS2-FLS2 associations and capacity for defense signaling. FLS2 proteins lacking one or both of the N-terminal Cys pair (Cys-61 or Cys-68) were defective for FLS2 binding/signaling, and for formation of FLS2-FLS2 associations, even when the mutant proteins were present at levels known to otherwise be adequate for FLS2 signaling (Figure 4; see also Dunning et al. [2007] regarding the very low levels of FLS2 needed for signaling). Subsequent work showed that most Cys-61 or Cys-68 mutant proteins are not at the plasma membrane. However, a partial reduction of FLS2-FLS2 association was also observed with the signaling-inactive FLS2T867V-HA and FLS2G1064R-HA alleles that are mutated in the predicted FLS2 intracellular domain. This result, together with prior data on FLS2T867V and FLS2G1064R (Gómez-Gómez et al., 2001; Robatzek et al., 2006), may suggest that FLS2 needs to be appropriately phosphorylated to remain in FLS2-FLS2 associations. As a third example, the FLS2NNSL mutant protein was present but also did not form FLS2-FLS2 associations and lacked FLS2 function. A reverse correlation (that nonfunctional FLS2 will not form FLS2-FLS2 associations) was not observed. The FLS2S390K and FLS2T366K proteins, which carry single amino acid changes on the predicted LRR surface that prevent binding of flg22 (Dunning et al., 2007), did still form FLS2-FLS2 associations. This latter result indicates that FLS2-FLS2 association alone is not sufficient for signaling function and is the expected result for receptors that exist as a dimer prior to ligand exposure. However, where capacity to form FLS2-FLS2 associations was reduced, defense signaling capacity was also impacted.
Cys Pairs
The Cys pairs that cap the N terminus and C terminus of extracellular LRR domains are very common in both plants and animals (Kajava, 1998; Diévart and Clark, 2003; van der Hoorn et al., 2005; Gay and Gangloff, 2007; Kim et al., 2007). One likely role for these caps is to stabilize overall protein structure by covering the hydrophobic core of the LRR that might otherwise be exposed at the ends of the LRR solenoid, but other contributions are possible. For example, presence/absence of disulfide bonds could serve as a molecular switch for conformation changes. Some LRR-containing receptors, such as the mammalian insulin receptor, undergo covalent intermolecular association via Cys linkages (Ward et al., 2007). A similar arrangement was proposed for the Arabidopsis receptor CLV1 (Trotochaud et al., 1999). When we compared plant extracts with and without exposure to high levels of DTT, we did not find any evidence that disulfide linkages couple FLS2 to other proteins.
The N-terminal Cys pair is particularly well conserved and is present in >100 different Arabidopsis LRR-RLK proteins (Diévart and Clark, 2003). We found that mutation of the FLS2 N-terminal Cys pair disrupted FLS2 signaling. However, FLS2 proteins carrying LRRNT mutations did retain a slight residual capacity to activate defense, manifested as a wide distribution of flg22 response phenotypes among replicates (most plants gave no detectable response, but a few plants with FLS2C61A and/or FLS2C68A expression driven by the native FLS2 promoter gave a partial or, rarely, a full response). Hence, FLS2 mutated at Cys-61 and/or Cys-68 can be a functionally competent receptor under some circumstances, possibly like the bri1-5 product (Hong et al., 2008).
When FLS2 transgenes with the LRRNT C61A and/or C68A mutations were expressed from the native FLS2 promoter, FLS2 protein abundance was substantially reduced, indicating a significant role for this Cys pair in FLS2 stability. When the FLS2 transgenes with C61A and/or C68A mutations were overexpressed from 35S promoter, overall FLS2 abundance was similar to that seen for wild-type FLS2 expressed from the native FLS2 promoter, yet most of these 35S-driven versions carrying LRRNT mutations still exhibited almost no detectable FLS2-FLS2 association or flg22 binding and still exhibited loss of FLS2 activity. Endo H assays indicated substantial retention of most LRRNT-mutated FLS2 in the ER, and two-phase partitioning confirmed absence from the plasma membrane fraction. We hypothesize that the folding of FLS2 lacking this N-terminal Cys pair is sufficiently unstable that the protein does not participate consistently in the protein processing and localization interactions that are characteristic of wild-type FLS2. A likely mechanism for this is that FLS2 with LRRNT Cys mutations is retained in the ER and is degraded via ER quality control (ERQC) mechanisms, such as by a proteasome-independent ER-associated degradation. For the BRI1-5 protein that has a Cys69Tyr mutation, it was demonstrated that the nearby free thiol group at Cys-62 in the LRRNT region is essential for a thiol-mediated ER retention mechanism (Hong et al., 2008). However, in our assays of FLS2 function, stability, and ER processing, double C61/C68A mutants behaved very similarly to C61A or C68A single mutants that would have the free thiol, suggesting that thiol-mediated ER retention during ERQC is not the primary mechanism of depleted abundance of the FLS2 LRRNT mutant proteins. Another notable difference between Cys mutation in FLS2 and BRI1 is that overexpression of BRI1-5 protein significantly suppressed the bri1-5 dwarf phenotype (Hong et al., 2008), whereas FLS2 Cys mutations disrupted FLS2 function even after overexpression.
Recent studies have shown that ERQC in plants, similar to yeast and mammals, relies on at least three different mechanisms, including the thiol-dependent retention process, a calnexin calreticulin cycle that is specific for glycoproteins, and an Hsp40/ERdj3B/Bip chaperone complex (Sitia and Braakman, 2003; Hong et al., 2008; Nekrasov et al., 2009; Saijo et al., 2009). Studies involving FLS2 have revealed that CRT3, UGGT, and STT3A acting in concert in an ER-resident N-glycosylation pathway, and the ER complex SDF2/ERdj3B/BiP, are dispensable for the biogenesis and function of FLS2 function and its proper accumulation (Nekrasov et al., 2009; Saijo et al., 2009). However, our Endo H experiments with MDG (glycosylation-defective) mutant FLS2 proteins showed that N-glycosylation does play a readily detectable role in ER retention, albeit not enough of a role in most cases to negatively impact overall FLS2 function (Figure 6). Our findings, together with those of Nekrasov et al. (2009) and Saijo et al. (2009), suggest that a presently undescribed fourth retention/degradation mechanism may be involved in the ERQC of cargo proteins such as FLS2. As one possibility, a thiol-independent ER retention mediated by ERp44 has been observed in mammals for formylglycine-generating enzyme, monomeric immunoglobulin K and J, and mutant μ chains (Anelli et al., 2002, 2003; Mariappan et al., 2008). Most recently, it was demonstrated that Arabidopsis reticulon-like RTNLB1 and RTNLB2 regulate the transport of newly synthesized FLS2 to plasma membrane (Lee et al., 2011). In the future, it may be of interest to use FLS2 N-glycosylation mutants (further discussed below) and FLS2 LRRNT mutants to help identify new mechanisms for ERQC.
At the other end of the LRR, the occurrence of a membrane-proximal Cys pair is common but is less universal than the N-terminal Cys pair in extracellular LRR proteins (Diévart and Clark, 2003). It is intriguing that mutation of the membrane-proximal LRRCT Cys pair C783/C792 not only failed to eliminate FLS2 function, but instead caused partially elevated FLS2 signaling (as long as LRRNT mutations were not also present). The seedling growth inhibition mediated by LRRCT mutant proteins was similar to the wild type, but elevated ROS production was consistently observed after flg22 stimulation (for example, see Figure 4C and Supplemental Figure 2B online). No basal activity in the absence of flg22 was detected for the FLS2 LRRCT mutants, in seedling growth inhibition, or ROS assays (data not shown). The elevated oxidative burst might arise if there is more LRRCT-mutated FLS2 in signaling-proficient locations prior to ligand exposure, or more rapid association/dissociation with phosphorylation substrates, or if FLS2 with LRRCT mutations remains in a signaling configuration for a longer period after exposure to ligand because of less efficient receptor recycling. We consider it unlikely that the effect has to do with a higher affinity for flg22 since our experiments were conducted with saturating flg22 concentrations.
Dominant-Negative Effects
It is also intriguing that the FLS2 kinase lacking an LRR (NoNT and NoLRR constructs; Figure 5) exhibited a dominant-negative effect on flg22-elicited signaling when overexpressed in plants that are wild-type for the endogenous FLS2. Dominant-negative impacts have been reported for a range of mutation types in other plant RLKs (Diévart and Clark, 2003; Morillo and Tax, 2006), but not for FLS2. Relatively high expression levels were required for dominant-negative activity, but experiments with D997A mutants indicate that kinase activity of FLS2NoLRR is not needed for the protein to exert dominant-negative activity. The dominant-negative action of FLS2NoLRR or FLS2NoNT may arise when they associate with wild-type FLS2 kinase (Figure 2D), if this disrupts normal FLS2-FLS2 association. Alternatively, although overexpressed FLS2NoNT did not detectably interact with BAK1 and did not block EFR-mediated signaling, the NoNT and NoLRR proteins may titrate out other signaling partners. The above findings suggest multiple avenues for future exploration of these and other hypotheses about FLS2 function.
The function of glycosylation varies among cell-surface receptor proteins; it can contribute to protein folding, processing and secretion, to stability, and to interactions with ligands and other proteins (Hawtin et al., 2001; Yan et al., 2008; reviewed in Ohtsubo and Marth, 2006). In the example of the human innate immunity receptor TLR3, there are multiple glycosylations but none on a particular lateral face of the LRR solenoid, consistent with the observed homodimerization of this receptor along the nonglycosylated face (Liu et al., 2008). This glycosylation pattern may also help to guide appropriate positioning of TLR3 with respect to its large nucleic acid ligand prior to the final high-affinity docking that tightly sandwiches nucleic acid polymer between antiparallel TLR3 proteins (Liu et al., 2008).
N-glycosylation sites are widely predicted among plant extracellular receptors with roles in disease resistance, but tomato Cf-9 offers one of the few examples where this glycosylation has been functionally investigated. Cf-9 is highly dependent on proper glycosylation of the extracellular LRRs (van der Hoorn et al., 2005). Hence, it was somewhat surprising to discover that N-linked glycosylation makes only subtle quantitative contributions to the functional capacity of FLS2. Impacts on defense signaling capacity were observed for only some octuple-PGS mutants, and then only a partial loss of activity, despite clear molecular weight reductions (more rapid migration in SDS-PAGE) in all of the octuple PGS mutant forms that were examined. FLS2 protein abundance in plants was not detectably reduced for these octuple PGS mutants. We did not investigate other types of glycosylation, which are much less commonly relevant to the biology of extracellular receptors, but the data suggest that FLS2 stability and functional interactions can occur relatively independently of glycosylation.
When we conducted a similar mutational study of putative glycosylation sites for EFR (another Arabidopsis LRR-RLK MAMP receptor) to pursue these observations further, a simple screen of single-site PGS mutant alleles was sufficient to identify mutations that largely abolish function. This was also the case for tomato Cf-9 (van der Hoorn et al., 2005). For both of the nonfunctional alleles EFRN342D and EFRN366D, the loss of EFR function was not attributable to a consistent reduction of EFR protein abundance. During the preparation of this article, additional studies reported similar phenomena (Li et al., 2009; Nekrasov et al., 2009; Saijo et al., 2009; Häweker et al., 2010). It was also found that EFRN143Q lacking a single conserved N-glycosylation site from the EFR ectodomain accumulated to reduced levels and lost the ability to bind its ligand and to mediate elf18-elicited oxidative burst (Häweker et al., 2010). We found that EFRN143D only partially lost flg22-mediated inhibition of seedling growth, suggesting quantitative differences between EFR N143Q and N143D proteins, but we also identified two novel single PGS mutants EFRN342D and EFRN366D that almost completely lost elf18 responsiveness. The glycans attached to different Asn residues can play different roles in ERQC of plasma membrane–bound RLKs, and the distinct effects of N-glycosylation on FLS2 and EFR function may be due to differences in the engagement of ERQC mechanisms. Alternatively or additionally, the different effects of N-glycosylation on FLS2 and EFR may be a result of differences in the signaling partners used by different subsets of plant PRRs. It will be of interest to elucidate how and why N-glycosylation has different effects on these structurally and functionally related plant immunity receptors.
In conclusion, FLS2-FLS2 complexes are constitutively present in planta. The functional significance of these complexes is suggested by, among other things, the dominant-negative effect of truncated FLS2 proteins that associate with full-length FLS2 proteins. Although glycosylation of the FLS2 extracellular domain occurs, it seems to be largely dispensable for function, in stark contrast with EFR and other extracellular receptors. The Cys pair at the FLS2 LRRNT plays an important role in FLS2 processing, stabilization, and overall function, but it is not absolutely required for FLS2 function. The Cys pair at the FLS2 LRRCT is not required for overall function and has a negative regulatory role in modulating the extent of the FLS2-mediated oxidative burst. Intracellular and extracellular domains of FLS2 can each participate in FLS2-FLS2 association. The C-terminal tail of FLS2 is required for sustained FLS2 abundance. This progress in defining the FLS2 features necessary for function has been paralleled by work in other labs to identify proteins that functionally associate with FLS2. However, discovery of the full roster of FLS2-associated proteins and the physical configuration of FLS2 and these other proteins prior to, during, and after signaling remains as a significant challenge for future research into the molecular mechanisms by which ligand binding is converted to signaling activation.
Arabidopsis thaliana ecotype Col-0 was used as an FLS2-containing wild type. Ecotype Ws-0 was used as a natural fls2 mutant. The pFLS2:FLS2-cMyc-GFP transgenic plant in Ws-0 background was kindly provided by Silke Robatzek (Robatzek et al., 2006). Arabidopsis Col-0 T-DNA insertion line fls2-101 (Pfund et al., 2004) was used for plant transformation unless otherwise specified. The homozygous Arabidopsis efr T-DNA insertion mutant SALK_068675C was also obtained from the ABRC.
Gene Cloning and Construction
The FLS2 gene was amplified by PCR with Pfu Turbo DNA polymerase (Stratagene) using Col-0 genomic DNA; the truncated FLS2 constructs, including NoKinase, NoNT, and NoCT, were amplified from an FLS2 cDNA mimic, which was generated from the genomic FLS2 clone by PCR-splice overlap extension to precisely delete the one FLS2 intron. The oligonucleotide primer sets used in this study are listed in Supplemental Table 1 online. The resultant DNA was gel purified and cloned into pENTR/D TOPO vector (Invitrogen). Alternatively, the FLS2 gene was released from pCAMBIA2300-pFLS2:FLS2-cMyc-GFP construct (kindly provided by Silke Robatzek) using BamHI and XbaI and religated into pSTBlue-1 (Novagen). For point mutations of the conserved Cys pairs and kinase domain of FLS2, mutant FLS2 was generated from pENTR/D TOPO-FLS2 (for 35S promoter) or from pSTBlue-1-FLS2 (for FLS2 native promoter). For point mutations on PGSs and on conserved LRR regions, mutant LRRs were generated from pTOPO:FLS2 LRR template (Dunning et al., 2007) using site-directed mutagenesis. All FLS2 mutated/truncated constructs were verified by DNA sequence determination. The pENTR/D TOPO-FLS2 wild-type and mutant constructs were then recombined into the pGWB14 binary destination vector (courtesy of T. Nakagawa, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan) using LR clonase II mix (Invitrogen). The resulting pGWB14-derived plasmids contain the 35S promoter to drive FLS2 expression and a HA tag at the C terminus. The mutated FLS2 genes in pSTBlue-1 were released using BamHI and XbaI and religated into pCAMBIA2300 to reconstitute PFLS2:FLS2-cMyc-GFP constructs, or the mutated FLS2 LRR DNA fragments in pTOPO:FLS2 LRR were cut out with AscI and PacI (NEB), gel purified, and then cloned into pHD3300, in which C-terminally tagged FLS2-HA is driven by the native FLS2 promoter (Dunning et al., 2007).
The EFR gene constructs (with EFR native promoter, without stop codon) were made by PCR in pENTR/D vector (for primer sequences, see Supplemental Table 1 online), then recombined into pGWB13 (no promoter, HA tag) using LR clonase II mix. Site-directed mutagenesis alleles were made using pENTR/D-EFR as a template.
Site-Directed Mutagenesis
Point mutations were generated by circular PCR as per the instructions of the QuikChange mutagenesis kit (Stratagene). Briefly, two synthetic complementary oligonucleotide primers containing the desired mutation(s) were extended during temperature cycling by PfuTurbo DNA polymerase (Stratagene). After cycling, DpnI was added into PCR products to specifically digest the methylated parental DNA template. The linear PCR products were then transformed into DH5α electroporation competent cells. The resultant mutated plasmid constructs were verified by sequencing.
Arabidopsis Transformation and Selection of Transformed Plants
Plasmid constructs were electroporated into Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain GV3101 (pMP90) for Arabidopsis transformation. For most experiments, FLS2 binary plasmid constructs in Agrobacterium were transformed into Arabidopsis Col-0 fls2-101/fls2-101 (Pfund et al., 2004) or homozygous transgenic Ws-0 expressing FLS2-cMyc-GFP under the control of the FLS2 promoter (Ws PFLS2:FLS2–3×myc-GFP; Robatzek et al., 2006) by floral dip transformation (Clough and Bent, 1998). Other experiments used wild-type Col-0, Ws-0, or the Col efr mutant as noted. To select transformed plants with resistance to Basta (pHD3300-FLS2 and derivatives) or kanamycin (pCAMBIA2300-FLS2-cMyc-GFP and derivatives), T1 seeds were surface sterilized and plated on 0.8% agar plates carrying 0.5× Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium and Gamborg’s vitamins (Sigma-Aldrich), 1% Suc, 200 mg/L cefotaxime, and 10 mg/L Basta (Liberty, AgrEvo) or 50 mg/L kanamycin. Plates were kept at 4°C for 2 d and then grown in 16-h light/day at 23°C for 1 week. Healthy green seedlings were then tested for flg22 responsiveness in the seedling growth inhibition assay or grown out for other studies. To select transformed plants with hygromycin resistance (pGWB13 and pGWB14 derivatives), T1 seeds were plated on 0.5× MS plates with cefotaxime and 20 mg/L hygromycin after sterilization. Plates were kept in the dark at room temperature for 4 d after cold treatment. Healthy etiolated seedlings were then grown under daily light/dark regimen for further experimentation.
Seedling Growth Inhibition Assays
Seedling growth inhibition assays for flg22-dependent FLS2 activity were performed as described by Pfund et al. (2004). Typically, 10 Basta-resistant, kanamycin-resistant, or hygromycin-resistant Arabidopsis T1 seedlings (representing 10 independent transformation events) were transferred to a 24-well plate (one seedling per well), with each well carrying 400 μL of 0.5× MS salts and 2.5 μM flg22 peptide. After 10 to 14 d of further growth, each seedling was briefly blotted dry and weighed.
Protein Extraction, Immunoblotting, and Immunoprecipitation
Total proteins were extracted from Arabidopsis T1 seedlings as described by Karlova et al. (2006). Briefly, plant material was ground in liquid nitrogen and thawed in extraction buffer containing 50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.5, 150 mM NaCl, 0.5% Triton X-100, and 1× plant protease inhibitor cocktail (Sigma-Aldrich). The samples were centrifuged at 400g (Eppendorf Centrifuge 5810R) at 4°C for 3 min after 30 min incubation on ice. Protein concentrations were determined using the BCA protein assay (Pierce). After boiling 40 μg of total protein for 5 min in 1× SDS-PAGE sample buffer, the proteins were separated on a 7.5% SDS-PAGE gel and electrotransferred to Hybond-P (GE Healthcare). Proteins were analyzed by immunoblotting with anti-HA, anti-cMyc antibodies (1000× dilution; Covance) or anti-FLAG antibody (1000× dilution; Sigma-Aldrich). Additional antibodies included anti-ARF1/At2g47170 and anti-plasma membrane H+ATPase (Agrisera).
For immunoprecipitation, we routinely used 12 to 15 2-week-old Arabidopsis T1 seedlings to prepare a protein extract, as described above, with flg22 peptide, where noted, added to the plant growth solution at indicated times as a 100× stock (e.g., 100 μM peptide stock to achieve final concentration 1 μM). One milliliter of total plant protein extract (2.5 mg/mL) was incubated for 1 h at 4°C with 25 μL of 50% (v/v) Protein A beads slurry (Amersham Biosciences) in 50 mM Tris-HCl and 150 mM NaCl, pH 7.5. After centrifugation at 200g for 2 min at 4°C, the supernatant was incubated with 7 μL of anti-cMyc, anti-GFP, or anti-FLAG antibodies. After incubation with gentle mixing for 1 h at 4°C, 25 μL of fresh 50% slurry of protein A beads was added, and incubation was continued for 4 h. Protein A beads were spun down by centrifugation at 200g for 1 min, and the supernatant was removed. The beads were washed five times with 1 mL of wash buffer (50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.5, and 150 mM NaCl). After the last centrifugation, the wash buffer was removed completely, and 100 μL 1× SDS-PAGE sample buffer was added. After boiling, the samples were subjected to SDS-PAGE and immunoblot analysis. The FLS2-HA band shown in many figures consistently migrated at ~175 kD in SDS-PAGE, as previously reported (Chinchilla et al., 2006; Dunning et al., 2007).
For the deglycosylation experiments, the crude protein extract (~40 μg) was treated with PNGase F or Endo H (New England Biolabs) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. For disulfide linkage experiments (Figure 1C), one-fifth volume of 5× sample buffer (0.225 M Tris-HCl, pH 6.8, 50% glycerol, 5% SDS, and 0.05% bromophenol blue with or without 0.25 M DTT) was added to crude protein samples. The samples were boiled for 5 min and separated on a 7.5% Tris-HCl polyacrylamide gel. The protein was transferred to Hybond P membrane (GE Healthcare) and used for protein gel blotting with an anti-HA antibody.
Binding Assay
Binding of 125I-Tyr-flg22 to plant homogenates was done as described previously (Bauer et al., 2001). In brief, plant homogenates were incubated in binding buffer (25 mM MES-KOH, pH 6.0, 3 mM MgCl2, and 10 mM NaCl) in a total volume of 100 μL with 125I-Tyr-flg22 (60 fmol per sample) for 30 min either alone (total binding) or with an excess (10 μM) of unlabeled competing flg22 peptide (unspecific binding). Plant homogenates were collected by vacuum filtration on glass fiber filters (Macherey-Nagel MN-GF2; 2.5-cm diameter, preincubated with 1% BSA, 1% tryptone, and 1% peptone in binding buffer) and washed with 10 mL of ice-cold binding buffer. Radioactivity on filters was quantified by γ-counting.
Oxidative Burst Assay
The production of ROS was measured by a luminol-dependent assay (Kunze et al., 2004). Briefly, leaf punches from fully expanded leaves of 3- to 6-week-old Arabidopsis plants were floated on 50 μL 1% DMSO solution in the 96-well plate overnight. Forty microliters of water supplied with 1 μg luminol and 1 μg of horseradish peroxidase (Sigma-Aldrich) was added into each well and then 10 μL of 10 μM flg22 was added immediately before measurement. Luminescence was measured in a luminometer (Synergy HT plate reader; Bio-Tek) for 30 min after addition of flg22 peptide.
Ethylene Production Assay
Ethylene production in response to flg22 (Felix et al., 1999) was monitored with leaf strips from leaves of 4- to 8-week-old plants using a Shimadzu GC-14A gas chromatograph, C-R4A chromatopac, and aluminum oxide column as described (Dunning et al., 2007). Alternatively, one or two 2-week-old seedlings (grown in 24-well plates) were transferred into 2-mL vials with 0.5 mL 0.5× MS liquid medium, vials were left on the lab bench overnight, and the next morning flg22 was added immediately prior to gas-tight capping of tubes. Vials were rocked gently for 4.0 h and then the ethylene concentration in the airspace was determined.
Callose Deposition
Callose deposition was monitored as described (Gómez-Gómez et al., 1999). Approximately six Arabidopsis seedlings per treatment were selected from Basta or kanamycin selection medium and transferred to 24-well plates (one seedling per well) containing 400 μL of liquid media (no agar) with flg22. Twenty-four hours after treatment, seedlings were fixed overnight in 1% (v/v) glutaraldehyde, 5 mM citric acid, and 90 mM Na2HPO4, pH 7.4, and then cleared and dehydrated with 100% ethanol. After aniline blue staining, callose was visualized using UV epifluorescence microscopy.
MPK Phosphorylation
Leaves from 6-week-old Arabidopsis were treated with 5 μM flg22 or water (for control) by syringe infiltration. Five minutes later, infiltrated leaf tissues were ground in liquid nitrogen and crude proteins were extracted in 2× SDS loading buffer. After separation on 12% SDS-PAGE gels, samples were transferred to Hybond P membranes and phosphorylated MPK3 and MPK6 were detected by P44/P42 polyclonal antibody (Cell Signaling Technology).
Bacterial Growth Assay
Overnight cultures of Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato strain DC3000 or DC3000 ΔhrcC were resuspended in 10 mM MgCl2 solution. Plant rosettes (age 6 weeks, grown in potting mix at 22°C under 9 h of light per day) were dipped in 5 × 108 colony-forming units/mL (OD600 = 0.5) of bacteria with 0.02% Silwet L-77. Three days later, leaves were removed, surface sterilized in 70% ethanol for 10 s, and then rinsed in sterilized water. For each sample, leaf discs were then removed from four different leaves and combined and ground in 10 mM MgCl2, and then samples were serially diluted and plated on NYGA plates with 50 mM rifampicin.
Transient Expression in Arabidopsis Protoplasts
Transient expression Gateway vectors were made by ligating DNA fragments containing 35S promoter and Nos terminator amplified from pGWB14 and pGWB17 into prelinearized pUC19 digested by SmaI, resulting in Gateway plasmids pUC-GW14 and pUC-GW17, respectively. BAK1 and FLS2 were cloned into pUC-GW17 and pUC-GW14 by LR reaction using LR clonase II (Invitrogen), resulting in pUC-GW17-BAK1 and pUC-GW14-FLS2, respectively. Arabidopsis mesophyll protoplasts were isolated from 6-week-old transgenic plants and used according to the method described by Yoo et al. (2007). About 100 μg plasmids pUC-GW17-BAK1 and pUC-GW14-FLS2 were cotransformed into protoplasts from fls2-101 plants, and ~100 μg plasmid pUC-GW17-BAK1 was transformed into protoplasts from a Col-0 transgenic line expressing 35S-FLS2NoNT. Co-IPs were performed using the methods described above.
Two-Phase Partitioning Experiment
Eight to ten grams of fresh Arabidopsis seedlings (fls2-101 stably transformed to express FLS2-WT, FLS2-C61/68A, or FLS2-C783/792A) grown for 2 weeks under low light in liquid MS medium were homogenized in 10 mL homogenization buffer (50 mM Tris, pH 7.6, 100 mM KCl, 1 mM EDTA, 0.1 mM MgCl2, 8% Suc, and 1× Sigma-Aldrich plant protease inhibitor cocktail) on ice and filtered through Miracloth. The filtrate was centrifuged for 15 min at 10,000g at 4°C. Plasma membranes were purified according to the procedures described by Larsson et al. (1987). Finally, the purified plasma membranes were resuspended in 200 μL 1× SDS loading buffer. Crude protein and purified plasma membrane were used for immunoblots.
Sequence data from this article can be found in the Arabidopsis Genome Initiative or GenBank/EMBL databases under the following accession numbers: FLS2 (At5g46330), EFR (At5g20480), BAK1 (At4g33430), MPK3 (At3g45640), MPK6 (At2g43790), MPK4 (At4g01370), Arf1 (At2g47170), and plasma membrane H+-ATPase (At2g18960).
The following materials are available in the online version of this article.
Supplemental Figure 1. Intermolecular FLS2-FLS2 Interaction in Vivo.
Supplemental Figure 2. The Conserved FLS2 LRRNT Cys Pair Is Essential for FLS2 Function but the Membrane-Proximal Cys Pair Is Not.
Supplemental Figure 3. FLS2-NoNT and FLS2-NoLRR Have a Dominant-Negative Effect on FLS2 Function.
Supplemental Table 1. PCR Primer Sets Used for Site-Directed Mutagenesis and Gene Cloning.
A.F.B. thanks T.B. for hosting his sabbatical research. We also thank Silke Robatzek (Sainsbury Laboratory) for the pFLS2:FLS2-cMyc-GFP construct and transgenic Ws-0 plant line, Tsuyoshi Nakagawa (Shimane University, Japan) for pGWB series plasmids, and Sebastian Bednarek, Marisa Otegui, Michael Havey, and Janejira Duangjit of the University of Wisconsin–Madison for use of reagents and equipment. The majority of this work was supported by the Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy (Contract DE-FG02-02ER15342) to A.F.B. W.S. was also supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30971893). Work in the Boller lab was supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation. K.J.L. received support from the University of Wisconsin–Madison Hilldale Fellowship program.
W.S. and Y.C. designed the research, performed the research, analyzed data, and wrote the article. K.J.L. and P.B. performed research, analyzed data, and edited the article. T.B. and A.F.B. designed the research, analyzed data, and wrote the article.
The author responsible for distribution of materials integral to the findings presented in this article in accordance with the policy described in the Instructions for Authors (www.plantcell.org) is: Andrew F. Bent (afbent{at}wisc.edu).
www.plantcell.org/cgi/doi/10.1105/tpc.112.095919
↵1 These authors contributed equally to this work.
↵2 Current address: Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208.
↵[OA] Open Access articles can be viewed online without a subscription.
↵[W] Online version contains Web-only data.
Received January 23, 2012.
Revised February 8, 2012.
Accepted February 14, 2012.
Open Access articles can be viewed online without a subscription.
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You are going to email the following Probing the Arabidopsis Flagellin Receptor: FLS2-FLS2 Association and the Contributions of Specific Domains to Signaling Function
The Plant Cell Mar 2012, 24 (3) 1096-1113; DOI: 10.1105/tpc.112.095919
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"You need to be the alpha!"
"You should be the leader of the pack!"
There is a lot of talk about being the boss when it come to owning a dog, but not a lot of talk about what that does and doesn’t mean. The discussions below are designed to help clear up some points about leadership.
Pack Order
Wolves live in packs. To live harmoniously they form a hierarchy. The alpha is the leader, the beta is second in charge and the omega is bottom of the rung. Since dogs came from wolves, many people expect that dogs will have a pack order identical to wolves. But we have bred away from wolf behaviors, more in some dogs than others. For example, Huskies, are more similar to wolves, but dogs like the Chihuahua no longer resemble a wolf. Likewise Huskies have a lot of similar behaviors to their distance ancestors, such as similar pack behaviors, where as Chihuahuas don’t show much pack behavior at all. Without wolf pack order, the alpha concept doesn’t work very well. However, dogs do understand good leadership just as you do. Dog want good leadership from their owners, and without that leadership, some dogs get into a lot of problematic behaviors.
Are Dogs Part of Our Pack?
Another well used term is "Be the leader of your pack" referring to your dog pack. But it warrants first asking are dogs part of our pack. The answer is yes, but.... Yes, but not in the same way a wolf is part of a wolf pack. As discussed in my book, "Training the Hard to Train Dog," wolves taken from birth and raised by humans never develop the same kind of bond as dogs do with people. The ability for a dog to bond to people took generations of breeding to develop. Just as wolves, even those raised in captivity, never consider people as part of their pack, dogs don’t have a wolf-pack relationship with their owners. Our dogs can understand a hierarchy in our household, which can work to create harmony for individuals living in a group. Dogs who understand that you are in charge are more content and will live more harmoniously with other dogs than dogs living in a home where the owner has little or no leadership. What often surprises a lot of people is that dogs who show a natural submission towards people, may hold a high status among their own kind. Although some dogs want a strong leader from their human family members, we are not part of a dog pack.
Bonding is a Key Word
Although wolves’ survival depends on a pack hierarchy, dog’s survival doesn’t. What has replaced the need for hierarchy in many dogs is bonding with their humans. As mentioned earlier, there is a great diversity in dogs and that creates a great diversity in behaviors. And although all dogs respect and want good leadership from their owners,for some dogs, without bonding, the dog will not comply to commands. The good news is that dogs naturally bond to a good leader.
What is a Good Leader
A good leader controls all of the resources that are important to the dog, such as food, playing (especially with toys), and sleeping areas. Good leaders also expect their commands to be followed. Poor leaders allow insubordination. Weak leaders make insecure dogs feel less secure. A good leader never uses excessive force or brutality to maintain command.
The Magic of Training
Many people ask, "What does teaching a dog to sit have to do with having a dog under control?" The answer is that teaching the sit command is the beginning of communication with your dog. You build from that sit to teaching the "watch" command, which when done right, is a real powerhouse for control. Then you need to add a bit of impulse control training. Some of the more impulsive dog need extra training to learn how to follow your commands when the dog has his or her own agenda.
Where People Get into Problems
Some dogs are quite amiable in the household and will tolerate poor leadership from their owners. However, other dogs may need strong leadership to feel secure in the household and around other people and other dogs. There are some dogs, who when they are allowed to control resources, quickly move to becoming out of control. Theses dogs don’t respect a weak leader and therefor do not respect their owner enough to follow the owner’s commands. This can result in a mild problem where a dog picks and chooses what commands to follow, or a severe problem where the dog does almost nothing the owner asks and shows outright defiance or aggression. Leadership problems can build if you have a dog who is very possessive about resources, such as food, toys, or sleeping areas. If the dog isn’t taught to relinquish those resources to the leader (you the human) then many dogs will move onto other issues and some will begin to snap, growl, and bite people. Along the way the dog loses the respect of their owner as a leader.
But I Want My Dog to Love Me
Being a good leader is not about bullying or punishing your dog. Many people are surprised to find that taking on the role of leader often increases the affection a dog has for you. Perhaps one of the best examples of this was with a dog I owned named Cookie. When I’d go off to teach dog classes, my husband, Ken would try and get Cookie to bond to him by sitting her next to him on the couch and giving her attention. That just didn’t work. What did work is when he began to do some leadership training with Cookie. In the book, Training the Hard to Train Dog, beginning on page 129 you can read how Ken changed his relationship with Cookie through training. You’ll find this under the section: Ken and Cookie: Training a More Dominant Dog. By Ken doing a bit of "power training," Cookie developed a relationship of respect and love that was missing before.
Solve Your Relationship Issues-Become a Leader
To become your dog’s leader, you need to meet the "leadership" expectation dogs have for you. Leaders:
Own and control all the food
Own all the toys
Has first choice of where to sleep
A good leader will insist a dog do as he or she is told, not chose to do thing the dog wants to do, but not use punishment or harsh treatment to achieve that.
How Do I Achieve Leadership?
You become a leader by training the dog in all the leadership areas. All training begins with communication, so you will begin with something easy such as teaching the dog to sit on command. The next thing you want to teach is eye contact. Eye contact is very symbolic for a dog. For them to look at you before taking an action means they respect you as a leader. For that reason, you will find information on the "watch" command beginning on page 76 of my book. That is where you take eye contact from an immediate reward for a simple task, to where the dog has to offer eye contact over doing something they’d rather do. By working through the training that begins on page 76 titled "The Watch Command, a True Powerhouse of Training," you teach the dog to look to you for leadership in situations the dog would not seek your guidance. Training the watch command as described in the book is where teaching leadership and taking control of your dog really begins.
Since leadership means controlling all the resources. The book goes onto give ways to train the dog so you control the food and toys. The book also tells what to do if the dog growls at you because he doesn’t want to move off the couch. Dogs who refuse to move from a sleeping area are taking a step towards being in control. That actions takes control away from the owner. Training can reverse the roles to where they need to be.
But Don’t Leaders Need to Punish or Use Alpha Rolls?
Granted, I’ve seen some alpha dogs roll some adolescent dogs to let that young one know who is the boss around here. But remember, you and your dog don’t have the same kind of relationship to dogs in your household as a dog does to another dog. That makes trying to communicate to a dog using an alpha roll a technique one which often fails. What you really need to do with your dog is to find a way to bridge the communication gap between dog and human, and use that communication to establish yourself as a leader. If you go around alpha rolling your dog or using punishment to try and establish control, the dog will only feel brutalized. You need to remember that even in a wolf pack, the alpha doesn’t brutalize all of his subordinates. The more aggressive actions are reserved for unwanted invaders to the area, not for pack members.
Articles on This Website
Dominant or Assertive Parts one and two (Finalist DWAA contest)
A Matter of Misunderstanding (Winner of DWAA’s Maxwell Award)
Teaching Your Dog Who Is Boss
Previous | Back To Training Help and Articles | Next
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Royal LePage Global Force Realty
(Independently owned and operated)
Email: admins@royallepage.ca
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Royal LePage Real Estate Services Privacy Policy
At Royal LePage Real Estate Services ("Royal LePage"), we respect the privacy of our clients and we are committed to keeping your personal information accurate, confidential, secure and private. We have adopted the following Privacy Policy to ensure that Royal LePage continues to meet its commitment to your privacy.
The following sections, read as a whole, comprise the Royal LePage Privacy Policy:
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i) The Kind of Information We Collect
ii) How We Use Your Information
iii) When We are Permitted to Disclose Your Information
iv) With Whom We May Share Your Information
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vi) Web Site Security
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4. Questions, Concerns and Complaints About the Royal LePage Privacy Policy
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Application of the Ten Privacy Principles - How we treat your personal information:
The Kind of Information We Collect
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At Royal LePage we use Personal Information for three general purposes:
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In order to serve you better, Royal LePage offers clients access to certain information through its Web sites.
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Questions, Concerns and Complaints
If you have any questions, concerns or complaints about your Personal Information, or about the Royal LePage Privacy Policy, please contact our Privacy Officer using the contact information provide below:
Max M. Cohen
General Counsel and Secretary
Royal LePage Real Estate Services
41 Wynford Drive,
Don Mills, Ontario M3C 1K1
E-mail:mcohen@cohenlaw.ca
E-mail:mcohen@brascanfinancial.ca
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Royal LePage Global Force Realty, Brokerage (Independently owned and operated)
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Uptown Funk – Tribute to Bruno Mars • Tribute | Cover Band •
Uptown Funk is comprised of the industries top working musicians, specializing in the complete Bruno Mars concert experience.
Evan, Daniel, Danny, Sam, Corey, and Jay love what they do and work hard at being the best and most dynamic tribute band in the industry. Uptown Funk has been touring since 2016 nationally and internationally performing all the hits, including “24k Magic”, “Treasure”, and “Uptown Funk”.
No other rendition of Bruno Mars’ music comes close to this band with their level of accuracy and unmatched attention to detail. Uptown Funk’s stage production captures it all!
Uptown Funk features, Evan Saucedo, an amazing Bruno Mars impersonator who can really dance and sings every note LIVE! (and quite flawlessly at that) With an incredibly talented group musicians backing him up to bring you the best Bruno Mars concert experience! Together they provide an exciting mix of the Funk and Pop/R&B sound of Bruno Mars. Uptown Funk will guarantee to keep an audience on their feet!
Uptown Funk invites you to experience the essence of Bruno Mars, his band, and the music that defines todays pop culture. If you are looking for entertainment that is exciting, fresh, fun, unique, and full of energy for your next special event, accept no substitutes.
INQUIRE>>BAND
The Starbreakerscover-band
Andrew Bloomsingersongwriter cover-band
Room At The Top – Tom Petty Tributecover-band
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Thomas Bühner’s Venison
Thomas Bühner's technique to craft the sauce for his venison loin is as distinct as the result is unique
food > Germany > Osnabrück
In Germany’s North Western corner lies Osnabrück. A city that had very little to offer on a culinary basis, but now houses what is without doubt one of Germany’s very best restaurants: La Vie. In a way the remote location of this restaurant, a good two-hours from any serious competitor, might have played a role in the extraordinary developments that have taken place here. It might be partially due to this isolation that Thomas Bühner has had the chance to focus on his work, and drive his cooking ever closer to the pure flavour of a product. For that is what he seeks to translate into his dishes: The cleanest imagineable flavour. He doesn’t look for fancy combinations, far from it. In a way dishes like this one seem comforting in terms of flavours, far from revolutionary. But then again, what he does is purifying and intensifying elements that have been taken as given by chefs for decades. The most unconventional step he has taken so far is without doubt his venison jus, served with a dish that is (fittingly) called “pure venison” and an obvious candidate for an Iconic Dish.
The starting point for this sauce was a pretty simple idea: Taking the concept of a classic meat jus, but eliminating the added roasting aromas, the wine and all the other flavours that detract from the meat’s own flavour. When you actually think about it, it makes perfect sense. However as the classical confection of a jus has been taught to every cook in a better kitchen for decades, it takes quite a bit of detachment to get to this point. After experimenting with various methods, the final version of this jus really lives up to the expectations it creates: It is a liquid that tastes only of the meat. It has the complexity of a good wine, and the length of it, whilst bringing you the purest flavour of the actual meat you can get. The comparison to the wine makes sense here too: A good winemaker will look for the purest expression of a varietal, just as Bühner does in this sauce. It is an idea that seems so straightforward, but is so difficult to translate.
The way in which the plate is made up of elements that taste only of themselves makes perfect sense, and tastes superb at the same time. This will be one of the rare instances, when QLI will compliment someone for using sous-vide cooking for lean cuts of meat such as a loin of venison. The reason is simple: When cooking it sous-vide, the texture and flavour remain intact and hardly changed. This gives you the cleanest possible impression of the taste, in line with the concept of the sauce. The same goes for the celery puree. Cooked sous-vide, the celery is then simply blended with its cooking juices. This results in a beautifully pure flavour of rich earthy celery. Needless to say that it compliments the meat’s flavours beautifully.
A dish like this is a rare stroke of brilliance. In a world that seems to change dramatically in line with the newest trends, people like Thomas Buehner are those who really should make an long-term impact. Whilst such sauces might not be as easy to sell as fancily dressed stalks of spinach, the glutton probably will stop half-way on the trip to the Nordic pope in the little city of Osnabrueck.
Thomas Bühner's Venison
Thomas Bühner
Krahnstraße 1, Osnabrück, Germany
https://www.restaurant-lavie.de
info@restaurant-lavie.de
Tim Raue
A rebel in Germany's gastronomic scene, Tim Raue is a chef who has created his very own culinary identity over the past years
Reinstoff
Reinstoff exemplifies the new Berlin: young, enterprising and not afraid of breaking any unwritten rules
Featuring on the World's 50 Best list, and having held on to 3 Michelin stars for many years, Aqua is at the top of its game. And yet, the team around chef Sven Elverfeld does not rest on its laurels
Tantris
A handful of European countries have had their fine-dining culture shaped by a single restaurant. In the UK it was the Roux brothers' Le Gavroche, in Belgium it was Comme chez Soi, and in Germany, the iconic Tantris
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8 Exciting Californian Cabernet Producers
Lesser Known Cali Cab
The "cult" wineries are famous and grab most of the attention when it comes to Californian wine, especially in Europe. But some of the most exciting developments occur in small, family-owned properties most people are unfamiliar with. Here are eight of them
wine > USA
Moone-Tsai moonetsai.com recommended wine: 2008 Cor Leonis Cabernet Sauvignon (Napa Valley); 220 cases, 14.5%, $175 A partnership between Napa legend Mike Moone (Beringer, Luna) and businessman Larry Tsai and his wife, Arry Ann. The “flying winemaker” is Philippe Melka (Dominus, Hundred Acre, Bryant Family). The grapes for this wine are from a block in the Caldwell Vineyard, in the cooler Coombsville area of Napa Valley. It was planted in the 1980s and has supplied grapes to producers including Pahlmeyer, Joseph Phelps and Viader.
Vineyard 7&8 vineyard7and8.com recommended wine: 2008 Estate Cabernet Sauvignon (Spring Mountain); 600 cases, 14.8%, $125 The winery was started by the Steffens family; he was an investment advisor. The winemaker is the celebrated Luc Morlet, who made his reputation at Peter Michael Winery. The name reflects the fact that the estate vineyard, high above St. Helena in the Mayacamas Mountains, is divided into two parts: “7”, which is Cabernet Sauvignon, and “8”, which is Chardonnay. The Chardonnay also is excellent.
Maybach materium.com recommended wine: 2008 Weitz Vineyard “Materium” Cabernet Sauvignon (Oakville); 425 cases, 14.8%, $125 The Maybach family comes from generations of German entrepreneurs. They produce only two wines, a Chardonnay from the Sonoma Coast, and this dramatic Cabernet Sauvignon, which was grown on the warmer, eastern side of Oakville, on the slopes of the Vaca Mountains. The late afternoon sun there ripens grapes dependably; the trick is to generate balance with all that richness. I t’s a challenge that winemaker Thomas Brown, who also crafts the wines at Schrader, rises to.
Hestan hestan.com recommended wine: 2007 Cabernet Sauvignon (Napa Valley); 410 cases, 14.6%, $100 Hestan is the property of Stanley and Helen Cheng, whose other brands are Meyer and Stephanie. Hestan is the brand they reserve for their best Bordeaux-style wines. The grapes are grown in the Vaca Mountains and, like Maybach’s, the wine exhibits exceptionally ripe fruit flavors, but is richly balanced and textured. Interestingly, Thomas Brown, cited above as Maybach’s winemaker, also is one of Hestan’s consulting winemakers.
Parallel parallelwines.com recommended wine: 2008 Estate Cabernet Sauvignon (Napa Valley); 185 cases, 14.9%, $125 Parallel is a partnership of several individuals, of the kind increasingly popular these days, when startup costs, especially in Napa Valley, can be daunting. The estate vineyard is located above Lake Hennessey, in the Pritchard Hill area, one of the up-and-coming locales in Napa Valley, on gentle upland slopes of the Vacas. The winemaker is the well-known consultant, Philippe Melka, who also produces the wines at Moone-Tsai.
Trione trionewinery.com 2007 Block Twenty One Cabernet Sauvignon (Alexander Valley); 733 cases, 14.5%, $64 Trione Winery is the creation of longtime Sonoma County resident Henry Trione. The company is run by him and his family. They own premium vineyards thrughout the county, but especially in the warmest part, Anderson Valley, whence comes this smooth, soft Cabernet, which contains smaller amounts of Merlot, Petit Verdot and Malbec. It is a singuarly good example of the heights to which an Alexander Valley Bordeaux-style wine can rise.
Wallis Family wallisestate.com 2008 Cabernet Sauvignon (Diamond Mountain); 200 cases, 14.9%, $65 Wallis is the third winery on my list for which Thomas Brown is the winemaker. The estate vineyard is on Diamond Mountain, in the Mayacamas range, which forms Napa Valley’s western wall. Other Diamond Mountain wineries, such as Diamond Creek, Constant and Reverie, exhibit similar Cabernet qualities of intense mountain concentration and hefty, ageworthy tannins.
Anomaly Vineyards anomalyvineyards.com 2008 Cabernet Sauvignon (St. Helena); 826 cases, 14.6%, $85 Now in its fourtheenth vintage, Anomaly sources its grapes from vineyards in the benchlands of the Mayacamas Mountains in St. Helena, in the north-central Napa Valley. The founders were a Berkeley couple, who tired of city life and its frustrations and realized their dream of starting a small winery. It’s difficult to isolate a particular St. Helena character to this wine (as opposed to, say, a Rutherford or Calistoga character), but, in its ripeness and plush tannins, it is distinctly Napa Valley.
Written by Steve Heimoff
Corey Lee's cooking that combines French and Asian influences is clearly some of California's most exciting food
A restaurant that reinvents itself constantly, Next is a fascinating concept, delivering delightful dining experiences
One of San Francisco's most elegant dining rooms is the backdrop for Michael Tusk's Quince, where he serves refined Italian cooking
Sames Syhabout's cuisine at Commis is closely linked to the Californian terroir, making it unique
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AL- Pastor arrested for sexually assaulting a minor, SNAP responds
For immediate release: Thursday, April 10, 2014
Statement by David Clohessy of St. Louis, Director of SNAP, the Survivors Network of those Abused by Priests (314 566 9790, SNAPclohessy@aol.com)
A Valley Grande pastor was arrested for multiple charges of sexually assaulting a teenage girl. We are grateful this dangerous predator is in jail.
http://www.selmatimesjournal.com/2014/04/09/240381/
William Best Jr. was the pastor at Living Waters Worship Center on Deepwoods Drive. He was a trusted member of the community and we are glad law enforcement immediately responded when the victim’s mother brought the girl to the station to make a report. When victims report their crimes future crimes can be prevented. We applaud this victim and her family for cooperating with law enforcement so that others will be spared the awful trauma of childhood sexual assault.
We want Living Waters Worship Center officials to publicly explain how this dangerous man was able to work at the center. They should immediately create better child protection policy and reach out to anyone else who may have seen, suspected, or suffered crimes and report to police.
(SNAP, the Survivors Network of those Abused by Priests, is the world’s oldest and largest support group for clergy abuse victims. We’ve been around for 25 years and have more than 15,000 members. Despite the word “priest” in our title, we have members who were molested by religious figures of all denominations, including nuns, rabbis, bishops, and Protestant ministers. Our website is SNAPnetwork.org)
Contact - David Clohessy (314-566-9790 cell, SNAPclohessy@aol.com), Barbara Dorris (314-503-0003, SNAPdorris@gmail.com)
or sign in with email.
Secured Via NationBuilder
@ tweeted this page. 2014-04-10 08:23:29 -0500
Pastor arrested for sexually assaulting a minor, SNAP responds http://www.snapnetwork.org/al_pastor_arrested_for_sexually_assaulting_a_minor_snap_responds?recruiter_id=21019
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Trump condemned ove上海龙凤1314mmentative Alexandri
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According to research上海会所ny International Data
I hope that entrepreneurs 上海419论坛nd China can seize
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Category: 上海后花园
Chinese TV dramas p上海后花园in Mongoliauundari, a 2
2019年7月7日 by sh419aa·Comments Off on Chinese TV dramas p上海后花园in Mongoliauundari, a 2
Namuundari, a 26-year-old Mongolian woman, is working hard to translate the Chinese TV dra
ma “Stay With Me” in the studio of a Khalkha Mongolian language dubbing center here for Chinese films and TV dramas.上海后花园
She quietly read the Chinese lines and translated them into Mongolian.
上海后花园品茶微信”I have participated in the translation of 24 Chinese TV series and I feel proud,” she sai
d, adding that many of her friends had closer contact with China through the plays she dubbed.
Namuundari has been studying Chinese since age six. She returned to her hometown Ulan Bator上海后花园
as a Chinese-Mongolian translator after graduation from China’s Beijing International Studies University.
“In recent years, more and more Chinese movies and TV dramas have been dubbed and their Mongolian audience has become larger and larger,” she said.上海后花园品茶微信
Dubbing Chinese movies and TV plays has become a key area of cultural exchanges and cooperation between China and Mongolia in recent years.
China has decided to provide Mongolia with 25 films and TV dramas for free from 2014 to 2020. Other p
rojects such as “Silk Road Film and TV Project” have also introduced Chinese video products to Mongolia.上海后花园
The Mongolian Language Satellite TV Channel of China’s Inner Mongolia Radio and TV Station set up a tran
上海后花园品茶微信slation studio in Ulan Bator in 2015 and then upgraded it as a Khalkha Mongolian language dubbing center in 2016.
Until now, a total of 36 Chinese TV plays and four films have been translated in the
center, of which 30 TV dramas and two movies have been broadcast, said Uul, dire上海后花园品茶微信
ctor of the Khalkha Mongolian Language Dubbing Center for Chinese Films and TV Dramas.
The center has cooperated with 27 local TV stations to broadcast these plays, he added.
Ulan Bator TV Station’s 2016 ratings data showed that Chinese TV dramas such as “May-December Love,” “Ice and Fire of You
th” and “Romance of Our Parents” have been watched more than 100,000 times on average. “May-December Love” ha
s received 550,000 views, setting a new record for foreign TV dramas in Mongolia.
According to Kanter Media’s statistics, the market share of Chinese movies and TV play
s in Mongolia has increased from less than 7 percent in 2014 to more than 20 percent now.
fywmgz.cn
At the circus central st上海后花园al-goers were treated
2019年7月5日 by sh419aa·Comments Off on At the circus central st上海后花园al-goers were treated
to a colorful spect上海后花园acle of ancient Chinese culture when the Liverp
ool Chinese Martial Arts association performed a lion dance. The group has been coming to Gla上海后花园女神会所
stonbury for the last 21 years, ever since they were first invited by festival co-founder Arabella Churchill.上海后花园
“We are based in Liverpool which has got the oldest Chinatown in Europe, so we hav
e a rich history of the two cultures mixing together,” said James Roach, who heads the group of UK and British-Chinese performers.上海后花园女神会所
“We try and represent Chinese culture as authentically as we can in the co
nditions that we’ve got. Glastonbury tries to represent all cultures, so we are kind of th
e Chinese slice that tries to keep that bit alive. It’s important for us on t上海后花园女神会所wo levels – one, it’s the most important f
estival in the world, and two it’s the best festival in the world. So, if you are going to do it, you have to do it properly.”
Comedian Phil Wang delivered a standup routine at the Cabaret Tent that was both disarmingly charming and brilliantly cutti
ng. The son of a Chinese-Malaysian father and British mother, 29-year-old Wang opened by dissecting his full name (t
he product of a “cultural compromise”), setting the tone for a witty assault on white and Asian stereotypes.上海后花园女神会所
“I find that the conversations about race lack nuance a lot of the ti
me,” said the comic, who hosts a comedy series on BBC Radio 4 called Wangsplaining.上海后花园
“Either people are careless about it and hurt people’s feelings, or they are
上海后花园女神会所overly cautious and patronizing,” he added. “So I think the only way to get into that se
nsible middle ground between the two is to talk about it openly, about my experiences, about my thoughts and also to
give people a break – people who always think they are on the edge of being culturally or racially insensitive – to kind of g上海后花园女神会所
et on their side a little and show them they don’t have to worry so much. So that’s the line I am trying to tread.”
shangzili.cn
markets place hopes 上海后花园rade talks with China
2019年7月3日 by sh419aa·Comments Off on markets place hopes 上海后花园rade talks with China
After stocks plummeted last month, US markets are surging once again, on hopes of restarting trade talks with China.
上海后花园May this year was one of the worst months of May for US stocks in several years, with US markets seeing wild swings amid the US-initiated trade dispute with China.
But in a sudden about-face, stocks skyrocketed this week. The main rise came Tuesday after US President Donald Trump hel上海后花园
d a telephone conversation with Chinese President Xi Jinping saying looking forward to meeting at this month’s G20 summit in Osaka, Japan.
The news caused the US Dow Jones Industrial Average to surge nearly 400 points. Stocks上海后花园品茶微信
continued to rise on Wednesday, on signals from the US Federal Reserve that it could cut interest rates later.
上海后花园James M. Roberts, an economist at the Heritage Foundation, told Xinhua that the news about the two presidents’ meeting next week is “certainly encouraging.”
“It is not surprising that markets have reacted favorably,” Roberts said. “Assumin
g that the meeting stays on track, markets should continue to view the upcoming G20 hopefully.”上海后花园品茶微信
Desmond Lachman, a resident fellow at the American Enterprise Institute, told Xinhua that markets were buoyed Tuesday
by Trump’s announcement that talks with China would restart, as well as by European Central Bank (ECB) Preside
nt Mario Draghi’s indication that he might soon respond to European economic weakening by restarting the ECB’s bond buying program.上海后花园品茶微信
That gave the impetus for global bond yields to decline and stocks to rally, he said.
Experts said that markets would be pleased by an agreement by both sides to continue talking.
“Both President Trump and President Xi would benefit from a favorable outcome to their bilateral meeting and to the G20 overall,” Roberts said.上海后花园品茶微信
Chief trade negotiators of China and the United States will communicate in line with the
instructions made by the two heads of state, China’s Ministry of Commerce (MOC) said Thursday.
Negotiating teams from both sides will earnestly implement the instructions and make preparations fo
r the meeting of the two heads of state during the G20 Summit in Osaka, MOC spokesperson Gao Feng told a news conference.
“We believe both sides can find ways to properly solve their problems through equitable dialogue and accommodating each other’s legitimate concerns,” he said.
Beijing and Washington had been hammering out a trade deal, but the talks stalled last month after the Trump administration hiked tariffs on $200 bi
llion worth of Chinese goods and threatened to impose further tariffs on additional Chinese imports.
Lachman said US markets would be kept moving if Trump took further US import tariffs on China off the table at the G20 meeting.
nj419lt.com
hina adds 46 majors to secondary vocational education
2019年6月30日 by sh419aa·Comments Off on hina adds 46 majors to secondary vocational education
China has added 46 new majors to the catalog of secondary vocational schools to better ser
ve the country’s economic and social development, according to the Ministry of Education (MOE).上海后花园
Among the newly-added majors are rural drinking water supply engineering technology, new ener
上海后花园品茶微信gy vehicle maintenance, unmanned aerial vehicle control and maintenance, online marketing and intelligent old-age service.
The setting of secondary vocational majors should aim to improve quality and efficiency of economic growth, build China into a manufacturer of quality and promote the Belt and Road as well as the Internet Plus initiatives, the MOE said in a statement.上海后花园
henzhen National High-Tech Zone plans to add an additional 2,000 high-tech enterprise
s to its premises this year, according to a government meeting on the city’s high-tech industrial development on Monday.
品茶微信Enterprises engaged in frontier industries such as AI, integrated circuits, new energy, robotics, life health and new materials will be preferred, according to information disclosed at the meeting.
The zone, totaling 159.48 sq km and comprising five industrial parks in Nanshan, Pingshan, Longga
ng, Bao’an and Longhua districts, will house more than 60 percent of Shenzhen’s total high-tech enterprises, meeting attendees were told.上海后花园
品茶微信
Aiming to become a world-class high-tech park, the zone will cultivate a first-class ecosystem chain for facilitating the deve
lopment of innovative businesses by building key infrastructures, labs, test bases, innovation incubators, research institutes and service agencies.
The zone’s Nanshan park is intended to develop into the main comprehensive national-level science center of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area.上海后花园
In the next few years, the Nanshan park will speed up construction of the Tsinghua Shenzhen International Grad
uate School, SUSTech Institute of Microelectronics, Pengcheng Laboratory, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory and Nobel Laureate Laboratory.
The park will also dismantle old factories to add 3.5 million sq meters of floor space for industrial development.
Shenzhen’s first united headquarters building will also be located in the Nan
shan park to house 15 high-tech firms, 12 of which will be listed companies.
Related adjustment should also meet the demands of new occupations created by new technology, new products and new business forms and models, it added.
www.yt178.cn
Chinese women’s socce上海后花园品茶微信Wen reckons Chi
2019年6月22日 by sh419aa·Comments Off on Chinese women’s socce上海后花园品茶微信Wen reckons Chi
45China’s best cha上海后花园品茶微信nce of victory lies in absorbing Spanish pressure and hitting them on the counterattack.
“We need to rely on our defense. The team has done a great job in keeping its defensive shape,” said Wen
, a veteran of the vintage ’96 and ’99 sides. “Improving the counterattack and finishing will be ke
y if China wants to go further in the tournament. Stay focused and keep fighting as a group.”
An exhibition at the Metropolitan Museum of Art has as its seed an old magazine piece that looked at what it meant to be camp
“The hallmark of camp is the spirit of extravagance,” the American writer and political activist Susan Sontag wrote in her fi
rst major essay “Notes on Camp” in 1964. “Camp is a woman walking around in a dress made of three million feathers.”
Fashion aficionados who have queued up for a long time outside the galler
y at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York are guaranteed a close-up view of “three mil
lion feathers” in the form of a pink Cristobal Balenciaga gown from the Spanish fashion designer’s
www.njyw419.com
nt transport systems and intelligent micro-grid sys
2019年6月11日 by sh419aa·Comments Off on nt transport systems and intelligent micro-grid sys
stems. In view o上海后花园女神会所f the complicated domestic and global situations, China should more actively participate in the ma
king of new trade and investment rules and reforming the global governance system to make it fai
rer and equitable, apart from making efforts to ink more free trade agreements across the world.
With the Belt and Road Initiative as the main platform, China should
expedite infrastructure connectivity with countries along the two routes, deepen coop
eration with them in energy and resource development, people-to-people exchanges and production capacity, pro
mote Chinese enterprises’ overseas direct investment and cultivate world-class transnational enterprises. It should als
o improve relations with neighbors, expand the development of alternative markets, and sign more third-party coop
eration agreements with key partners such as European Union countries and Japan.
shlf99.cn
The move marks an accelerated push by China to app
2019年6月10日 by sh419aa·Comments Off on The move marks an accelerated push by China to app
o apply上海后花园品茶微信 5G. Its previous plan was to commercialize the technology in 2020.
“The 5G licensing will help deepen structural reform in the telec
om industry, improve the level of social and economic informatization and foster seve
ral leading companies with global competitiveness,” said China Mobile Chairman Yang Jie.
China Mobile claimed its 5G services will be available in more than 40 cities by the end of September.
China Telecom also said in a statement that the 5G licensing will be a key step to build the country into a cyber power. It is also c
onducive to gaining a competitive edge in the telecom sector, which will help drive technological innovation, e
mbrace industrial upgrading as well as boost high-quality economic growth, the company said.
China Unicom noted it will continue welcoming foreign companies to participate in domestic 5G construction.
ash777.cn
hakes hands with his Russian counterpart Vladimir Putin
2019年6月7日 by sh419aa·Comments Off on hakes hands with his Russian counterpart Vladimir Putin
Xi and Putin also witnessed the signing of a number of cooperation documents covering such a
reas as investment, 5G technologies, e-commerce, natural gas, soybeans, nuclear power and the Belt and Road.
In talks with Putin, Xi said that both countries are facing changes in the world that were not seen in the past century.
The people of both countries and the international community have greater expectations of China and Russia, Xi said.
There is no end to the development of China-Russia relations, Xi said, adding that China
would like to make joint efforts with Russia to bring more benefits to the people of both nations.
Noting that this is his first state visit to Russia since he was reele
cted president last year, Xi said that the two leaders have maintained close contact in recent years.
This year marks the 70th anniversary of the establishment of d
iplomatic relations, and the bilateral relationship is at its best in history, Xi said.
www.etshb.cn
The global market share for Huawei witnessed an incre
2019年6月1日 by sh419aa·Comments Off on The global market share for Huawei witnessed an incre
increase from 10.5 percent to 15.7 percent over the same period last year.
Huawei’s smartphone sales grew in all regions and the company did
particularly well in the European market, with sales up 69 percent.
Apple ranked third on the list with sales declining to 44.56 million and market
share down to 11.9 percent in the first quarter of 2019.
China’s smartphone vendors OPPO and Vivo ranked fourth and fifth, respectively, on th
e list released by Gartner, indicating a
2.7 percent decline in global smartphone sales in the first quarter of this year.
According to another market research firm IDC, shipments by Huawei increased by 50 percent to 59.1 million uni
ts in the first quarter of this year, replacing Apple to grab the second spot again since the second quarter of last year.
aishes021.org
ue to encouraging weather forecasts, many teams decid
2019年5月30日 by sh419aa·Comments Off on ue to encouraging weather forecasts, many teams decid
ed to scale the summit from the Nepali side on May 22 and 23. As a result, crowded conditions form
ed about 100 to 150 meters from the peak, Ma said in Kathmandu, Nepal’s capital. “I was force
d to wait in a line for about 20 minutes on my way down. Such circumstances can be fatal to climbers if the
y panic and consume more oxygen than planned. Also, they can easily get frostbite if they don’t keep moving.”
This year, about 90 percent of the climbers at Qomolangma are
first-timers. Lack of professional training and experience as well as undetected health issue
s should be mainly blamed for the casualties on the mountain rather than the traffic jam, Ma added. “Some expe
dition companies failed to prepare the climbers for crowded conditions which is really irresponsible.”
www.shlfcm.com
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Mass Effect 3 EP24: Logic is for Sissies!
By Josh Posted Wednesday Oct 24, 2012
Mass Effect 3 EP23: Dead Civilians for BreakfastPrevious Post
Next PostMass Effect 3 EP25: Finally, Some Action!
Remember that one time where the one species in the galaxy with any kind of proper defense against the Reapers (in the form of being able to just leave) decided to recolonize their lost home world that’s crawling with Cylons (sorry, Geth) because the Council was too busy getting its ass kicked by the Reapers to smack sanctions on them even though galactic trade has broken down on account of Reapers?
I hate you Bioware. I hate you so much.
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210 thoughts on “Mass Effect 3 EP24: Logic is for Sissies!”
Chargone says:
Wednesday Oct 24, 2012 at 8:51 pm
to be fair, that Particular kind of stupid is actually the sort of thing people (Especially politicians) tend to actually do. depending on the personalities of the admiralty board i can totally see that happening… (not that i’ve played ME3 (everything i’ve heard about it has put me off) or watch the video (due to data caps) but the basic event in question is more ‘believable character stupid’ than ‘incompetent writer stupid’ )
Eathanu says:
Agreed. It’s not eligible for the Golden Riter award because the non-Quarian characters (and to a lesser extent Tali) totally acknowledge how ridiculously stupid this timing is.
Thursday Oct 25, 2012 at 3:24 am
Lampshading stupidity does not make the stupid any less stupid.
I would say that there are a quite a couple of modern conflicts between two people groups/countries that many people around them think are stupid and self-detructive to both, so it doesn’t have to be lampshading. Actually filling in the blanks probably breaks politics rules on Shamus’ threads. There aren’t many historical conflicts where I’m familiar with the common thoughts of people observing those events, but I’ll do some research and get back to you
Okay how about this one: Chaco War
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaco_war
Bolivia and Paraguay fighting over a strip of dessert which turns out to be completely worthless and barren. Both were some of the poorest countries in South America and had trouble even getting the weapons to fight each other. Each side lost between 2 and 4 of every 100 people living in that country through the conflict. At the time and before the war international countries were doing everything they could do to stop it, including forcing truces and limiting arms supplies but both countries went ahead and fought it anyway
Dragomok says:
Thursday Oct 25, 2012 at 12:20 pm
[…] and before the war international countries were […]
Did you mean to say “international organisations” or “other countries”?
Shmun says:
Thursday Oct 25, 2012 at 2:12 pm
“strip of dessert that turns out to be completely worthless and barren”
Man, that’s the worst kind of dessert. Should’ve just gone to Dairy Queen or something.
MadHiro says:
Its a difference in scale. People have been fighting stupid wars over unimportant bits of land for as long as we’ve been capable of recording the fact that they’re doing it.
If Bolivia and Paraguay were to engage in that same war while at the same time the entire world was engaged in a desperate struggle for survival against immediate danger and destruction, then that’d be a comparable situation.
Sumanai (Asimech) says:
Wednesday Oct 24, 2012 at 10:24 pm
I’d say this is a case of realistic vs. believable. Even when I hear news about this sort of stupid stuff happening I reel in disbelief, which is not something you want to invoke in a story.
In this case for it to not feel like “bad writers” but instead “idiot leader”* you need to offer the player a chance to either argue against it or just comment about how bad the time is, so it becomes clear that the writers purposefully made the leader an idiot.
Of course if I missed, and there is dialogue/a dialogue option where Shepard or someone else hangs a lampshade, then fair enough.
*Edit: Generally speaking. For you what was is enough, but for Josh it wasn’t. That’s one success and one failure from a writing standpoint, and a pretty damn bad ratio for that.
Lame Duck says:
I think what it would really need for it to come across as bad leaders instead of bad writing is for the rest of the game not to be 95% bad writing. I might be willing to give the game the benefit of the doubt if Cerberus hadn’t eroded all good will I had towards it.
Saturday Oct 27, 2012 at 1:14 pm
That can help, but something that is irrefutable proof that the writers could tell the person is an idiot means you don’t have to give them the benefit of the doubt.
I’d say that most often this is the kind of thing politicians say they want to do to gain popular support, yet seldom actually do. It’s like a U.S. politician saying we should go invade China over our trade imbalance. They might get a few seats in Congress out of that, but if someone actually did it, they’d be insane (as would any who were letting it happen).
Making that a kind of sub-plot would have been cool. You find out that the commander of this war was just trying to be the Uber-Admiral of the fleet and never expected those who supported him to actually wage a suicidal war on the Geth.
You say this based on life experience in a world with nuclear weapons. Invasions of other countries for various stupid or incoherent reasons was a regular feature of pre-Cold War politics. I mean, World War II started because the German populace was upset about their crushing defeat in World War I, which included the French being upset about losing Alsace-Lorraine in their humiliating defeat in their last war with Germany among the causes. And in Republic era Rome, conquering sovereign nations to further political ambitions was incredibly common.
Thursday Oct 25, 2012 at 12:41 am
It was, true, but it wasn’t seen as colossally stupid except in retrospect. None of those were throwing your whole army at an equal/superior force to obtain something that you knew an even larger and more unstoppable force would eventually come and stomp on.
To put more emphasis on the stupidity of this, a small correction:
It’s not the whole Quarian army that’s being send to their deaths by their leaders for stupid reasons. It’s the entire Quarian civilization.
I’d just like to note, that as people playing a game, we’re naturally looking at any situation in retrospect. We’re not living in that world, we’re judging it from a distance. And in pretty much every war in the course of history there have been a lot of individual people and movements that thought the war was stupid and unnecessary and possibly doomed.
Okay here’s a nice example, look at all the countries that have invaded Russia and there’s another country here which I will exclude because of the politics rule. Whenever it happened in history lots of the third parties point out that no-one ever wins an invasive war in Russia and that the people are just going to involved in a long expensive struggle with lots of death that will lead to the defeat of that nation, the fall of it’s leaders as another (equal or less powerful force) wipes their nation whilst resources are tied into the fight with Russia.
SleepingDragon says:
Frankly personally I didn’t have that much of a problem with the war itself in this arc. I mean in the previous games (2 in particular) we can see that a lot of quarians have all but mythologized the whole homeworld thing into some kind of magical paradise that as soon as they obtain everything is going to be set right. Heck, even with the reapers coming for them I wouldn’t be surprised if a lot of them took the stance that if they’re all going to die they might as well do it on the homeworld or fighting for it. For that matter how much have the Quarians seen and/or heard of reapers, with maybe the exception that “it’s those space squids that are upgrading the Geth?”
In short, even if this isn’t really the most logical thing to do I still think it’s justifiable, especially when compared to solving the entire Q-G conflict with “oh you just have to blast this one reaper and bam, plot magic”.
Mike S. says:
And insofar as they’re aware of the Reapers, it’s like a modern small country finding out an asteroid is going to hit Earth. All they can really do is a) hope it’s overblown or incorrect, b) hope that the big powers with space launch capacity and research budgets will be able to do something about it, or c) die.
None of those really point to changing their own plans. If the Reapers kill everyone, they’re dead either way. If they don’t turn out to be the end of civilization then the quarians have their own concerns.
Their historic enemy is in the process of vastly upgrading its capabilities: harnessing the entire power of a star, as a Dyson sphere does, seems likely to pretty make the geth uncrackable by a ragtag fugitive fleet. That goes some way, along with hitting them before the newly discovered geth vulnerabilities are patched, to explaining why the Admiralty Board thought it was now or never.
(The game expects us to consider this a wrong decision, and I do. I just don’t think it’s a crazy or implausible decision.)
ehlijen says:
The quarians are one of the powers that can do something about the reapers: they have the largest armed fleet in the galaxy filled with experienced spacefarers. They can either throw a lot of weight into the fight with the reapers or just hide between the stars and have a good chance of surviving the war.
But all that goes away if they throw their fleet into a meat grinder to reconquer a planet.
Mormegil says:
I can think of at least one example where it was declared as a bad idea before the campaign began. Crassus took on the Parthians for no reason other than he was sick of being just the richest man in the universe and he wanted a military reputation as well. The rest of Rome said it was dumb. Crassus went ahead with the campaign anyway. Crassus and his son both ended up as Parthian pincushions in the greatest Roman defeat since Hannibal.
I will concede that this is an example from a time when one man’s ego could start a war and it wasn’t his entire race being put on the line.
Yeah. Rannoch. Ugh, the Quarians have such a poor sense of both timing and priorities. It’s like they all want to die.
I was with Shamus in killing the Quarians until two things happened:
1.) You could punch the fucking admiral for what’s he’s about to do!
2.) It’s Tali you evil bastard!
One softened the blow and the other softened my heart.
Sabrdance (MatthewH) says:
I liked Han Gaaral in the previous game -even as I was often inclined to side with Admiral whatever vas QuibQuib. He seemed like a good guy. I suppose some things -like his recklessness -are adequately foreshadowed by his recklessness pre-pilgrimage.
But I wanted to do more than punch him. Throw him out an airlock, take off his mask and let Garrus cough in his face. Something.
Take off mask, spit in face, glue the mask permanently back on so he can’t wipe the spit off.
Assuming there’s no space magic cleaning it from the inside.
Of note is that I don’t feel one way or another about the character, that just felt like the obvious approach.
StashAugustine says:
Unless they’ve got those Republic Commando windshield wipers.
Friday Oct 26, 2012 at 10:37 am
Those only wipe the glass, not the face itself. Where the spit should be going in my plan.
I actually picked the Geth over the Quarians (since I had to choose…) specifically because the Quarians wouldn’t listen to reason. Although I guess it’s really just the admiral being dumb, not, you know, the vast majority of the Quarian fleet…
What they did with Tali was pretty interesting. Also that psych-out paragon interrupt. (Which I believe they did with Mordin as well…)
I was going to side with the Geth, but when it turned out the Geth were just as committed to genocide as the Quarians I figured they weren’t worth raising up
That’s a valid point. The Geth weren’t exactly behave in an intelligent way either. But since the Quarians were instigating the war, they are a bit more justified in their desperation.
On the other hand, they’ve voluntarily allied with the big enemy– after all of Legion’s assurances that they wouldn’t do so, and against all the philosophy he shared in the second game. You know their reasons, and they’re understandable. But the same thing is true of Saren by the end of the first game.
On some level, in an existential war there’s an argument for choosing the allies that, however maddening they may be, you know won’t be tempted to join up with the implacable killbots when the going gets tough.
Ateius says:
Another example of Bioware’s unfortunate “continuity, what’s that?” approach to this series.
Do you think? The quarian/geth conflict actually strikes me as having a pretty decently consistent throughline. There are certainly continuity issues for the overall Mass Effect series, but what are you thinking of here?
Luhrsen says:
If you used the virus in ME2 then they shouldn’t even be capable of making the decision to join the reapers. That’s a hole right there.
My impression is that the virus stopped the Heretics from actively worshiping the Reapers and desiring to use them as a shortcut to destiny. The geth collective in ME3 made a devil’s bargain with the Reapers as an alternative to being exterminated by the quarians. Both involve working with– or rather, for– the Reapers, and taking upgrades from them, but the motivations are different.
Alexander The 1st says:
Yeah, that was my understanding.
Before, it was about letting the Reapers decide the future of the Geth.
Now, it’s more “We either let the Quarians kill us off, or we side with the evil we know to combat the evil that’s currently killing us off.”
Would’ve been far more interesting to have the geth contact Shepard asking for help from her allies.
Saturday Oct 27, 2012 at 11:02 am
I’m referring specifically to Legion’s whole story about how the ‘heretic’ geth don’t represent the majority of geth at all, and they only worked with Sovereign because of a glitch in their programming, and the rest of the geth are totally into peace and love, man, and then whoopsie here the geth are working with the reapers. Again.
I unlocked the Paragon/Renegade option to save everyone. Had I been unable to beat the shit out of Gaaral, I would have abandoned the hippie save everyone option in favor of slaughtering the Quarians wholesale.
I’m not kidding. My only regret would have been not executing the Admiralty myself.
Really? Koris too?
Indispensible man or not, he was kind of a supercilious jerk. :-)
I like Koris and he is easily my favorite and the only rational Quarian in existence (except Tali), but sacrifices must be made in the name of my sanity.
“Koris too?” was specifically in response to “My only regret would have been not executing the Admiralty myself.”
Because I would totally shoot Gerrel, Raan, and Xen in their helmets and let Koris take over and lead the quarians away from insanity.
Oh! If I could execute them myself, then I’d spare Koris. He would understand why I killed them, and then avoid the same mistakes for fear that I would kill him, even if I have no intention of doing so.
I thought they attacked the geth before it was clear the Reaper invasion was underway?
I am guessing that I’m also going to be the only person who thinks the quarians are morally justified in taking back their homeworld from the robots who subjected them to genocide. And that Gerrel was more-or-less right. Punching Gerrel only makes Shepard look like a violent idiot with no sense of perspective…
Actually, that sounds exactly right for Regina Shepard. Carry on, then!
Though admittedly the sanction thing was stupid.
You mean the Geth who merely fought back when the Quarians first attempted to subject THEM to genocide?
The game explains this to the player for the second time in a little while.
The first time I saw this, I thought it was interesting. It has not aged well. I can’t quite place my finger on why, but this whole sequence just makes the quarrians so stupid that I tend to side with our host: let’em burn -except that seems entirely out of character for any of my Shepards. Even Admiral Cartright Shepard (who wants the Geth to burn like Klingons) finds the Quarians stupid, and saves their hides exclusively as a favor to Tali.
So in the end, the sequence ceases to be interesting and a neat twist and simply becomes “wow, the Quarians really are dumb as a post.”
There’s a rather good conversation tree in Mass Effect 1 with Tali about that, which is one of the few times I actually felt like Bioware gave me the possibility of choosing sensible arguments. Instead of, you know, an NPC saying all the smart bits or all of the “sensible” bits being completely nonsense yet the NPCs agree with it anyway.
Back to the point: Even though Tali has, naturally, a biased story about the events there’s a very strong “the Geth reacted in defence” feel rather than “the Geth rebelled in order to usurp their creators” vibe.
Keeshhound says:
Not that she’ll ever admit it. Frankly, the fan reaction to Tali is one of the more disturbing things about Mass Effect and it’s fans. She’s horribly prejudiced and refuses to consider other positions save under truly extraordinary circumstances, and even then only grudgingly. (“Legion wants to tell the Geth that my father performed weapons tests on Geth that he frankensteined together from pieces I collected for that purpose; you can’t let him do that to my people Shepherd, it’s not fair!”)
If Tali wasn’t designed to hit the “cute, nerdy girl” archetype I don’t think people would be any more willing to put up with her anti-geth bullshit any more than they’d be willing to swallow Ashley’s “I’m not a racist, but…”
I can’t possibly understand why anyone would think handing valuable military data to their archnemesis was in any way bad except from prejudice.
(That was sarcasm.)
More seriously, the conversation actually indicates Legion took the weapons testing as a blank morality check to hand over all useful military information on the Migrant Fleet. While I do think he was justified in helping the Geth protect themselves, it’s an entirely reasonable thing for Tali to oppose.
There are very good reasons for not letting Legion give the data to the Geth (the Paragon persuade option highlights them pretty well) the problem is that Tali seems to take it as a given that Shepherd OWES it to her to prevent the data from getting out because it would cause problems for the Quarians; she doesn’t give any real thought to how what happened was morally wrong or even that the Geth might be entitled to being treated with the same dignity as a Quarian (until Paragon Shepherd points it out to her).
A reasoning that, if it was pursued and developed upon in earnest, would actually work out well in reinforcing the driving concept of the ending: the conflict between organics and synthetics. I mean, I don’t remember it being explored very well but Tali actually fully expects Shepard to take her side not only because they’ve been hanging out for a while but because hey, we organics need to stick together, right? I mean, we can do whatever to these guys, we’ve built them after all, right?
Every single time I explore this game in one way or another I can’t help but be puzzled at how it does its most to undermine its own points…
Din Adn says:
I think the difference in opinion might also have something to do with the respective societies those characters belong to [At least, it did for me]. Yes, Tali’s got some seriously biased opinions about the Geth, but that’s something that seems to be far more prevalent in Quarian society than pro-human bias is in human society. Ashley’s had a lot more exposure to moderate sentiments from others that share her culture [And, given that this is Mass Effect, I think it’s reasonable to use ‘species’ and ‘culture’ interchangeably, at least as far as the massively human-like aliens go]
These are characters who are written in part as allegory for real world ideas and issues. It’s easy to condemn a character that expresses sentiments we disagree with, but in this case I think the ‘racist’ characters were included to show off some of the reasons why people in the real world hold similar views [And worse].
Keeping in mind we are also talking about fictional characters here, who have been written by a small team of people. Tali is also given a more hard-done-by background, and is less blunt in conversation, and I think these things also do make her come across as a more sympathetic character.
That said, I think you raise some good points, and I personally didn’t find the diplomatic opinions of one character or the other any more appealing.
The difference is that ashley grew up in a world of (relative) peace with other races,but hates them,while tali grew up in a world of constant war against the geth,and hates them for that.
el_b says:
I was never a fan of tali because of her warmonger attitude towards the geth even though she flat-out admits throughout the whole series and recognizes that her race started the conflict and keeps it going not simply just to get their own world back but to exterminate the geth.she even helps her father perform experiments on geth corpses to kill them more effectively.something tells me that if they could feel pain she would totally be Cool with torturing them as well. it goes a little beyond Bred in Cultural bias at The point where she is, koris and the others who favor peace prove that.
But what would you do in such a situation?If your ancestors screwed up so bad,and you no longer see a way to rectify their mistake,would you try to respect your enemy that didnt start the war,but seems quite willing to continue it now,or would you do whatever it takes to keep your dwindling race as safe as possible?And dont forget that before the near end of me2 tali knew nothing about geth factions,and all the geth she came in contact with were all too willing to kill every organic they see,and never showed even a hint of willingness to surrender if outnumbered.
Tali’s horribly prejudiced, little-bit-war-crimey tendencies are what make her an interesting character though. Without it, she’s just a cute, nerdy girl archetype, which would be unbelievably boring. I disagree with her perspective on the Geth, but I understand how she would come to hold it what with the culture she’s come from and who her father is and the fact that her first time off the Flotilla (the first game) she spends her entire time helping to stop the Geth from destroying the galaxy.
Spammy says:
I have not played Mass Effect 3. I’m a little over halfway through my first playthrough of 2 now.
One little thing I wanted to say was that I boo the change of the Normandy’s lighting back to the Mass Effect 1 model. The Normandy SR1 seemed too dark and too metallic to really be home (not to mention there was nowhere to eat, sleep, or poop). In that regard it felt more like a car than a home. Except the interior of the car is lit like the labs in CSI: Vegas. All the walls and floors are dark and blue and the only things illuminated are in the centers of rooms. I can’t say I felt as attached to the interior as I do to the SR2’s interior in ME2. But then they threw that out the window. Yeah, I know, combat lighting. But why is combat lighting on all the time?
Okay, now for my major reaction to this episode and how the Quarian/Geth conflict plays out…
WHAT KIND OF SENSE DOES THIS MAKE WHY WOULD YOU DO THIS WHAT IS WRONG WITH YOU WHY DID YOU SEND IN THE CIVILIAN SHIPS WHY ARE YOU DOING THIS WHY DID YOU CHOOSE NOW WHY DID YOU SEND IN THE CIVILIAN SHIPS WHAT ARE YOU DOING
Theoretically it is because they found out the Geth were congregating all their programs in one place and thought they could wipe them all out at once. But then the Geth called Harbinger for help.
My favourite part is that if they waited a month, the geth would have just sealed themselves off and the quarians would face no opposition for Rannoch.
Also, all those civilian ships are armed with any weapons the quarians could get their chicken-hands on. They’re all dreadnoughts. Joker later describes them as glass cannons.
Legion and Joker both point out how stupid and pointless this is and how it results in Quarian civilians being killed for no reason.
Does NOT make it any less stupid.
I dunno, it kind of feels like a mandatory conscription metaphor (Despite the fact that the Quarians are technically still under Marshall law.
If you were a French military commander in WWI or WWII, would you not conscript you civilian cars, outfit them with guns, and use them in the fight?
Besides, as I understand, the civillian fleet is *mostly* used for cleanup anyways. The main fleets go in and do damage, the patrol fleets prevent flanking, and the civillian fleets cleanup while the main fleet moves forward. Something similar to that.
It’s also worth noting that if Tali mentioned that Leigion mentioned that the Geth don’t want to kill the Quarians, that using the civilians would cause the Geth to fight less actively, trying to avoid innocent casualties. If your glass cannons aren’t being targeted, then there’s not as much of a problem anymore.
Except the Geth automatically assume that anyone with weapons are combatants, which means the Quarians are signing up their people for wholesale slaughter.
First of all – ignoring the fact that that metaphor makes no sense – no, absolutely not. That’s something La Résistance could have done. But not a military commander.
Secondly, THAT METAPHOR MAKES NO SENSE. We’re talking about arming liveships here. This isn’t putting guns on some cars, this is putting missile launchers on school buses, apartments, and all your farms, and then having them as part of your assault plan. While they’re still filled with millions of civilians.
Saturday Oct 27, 2012 at 2:58 am
It *could* work.
It’s just going one step further than the Second Ammendment in the U.S. consitution and *forcing* everyone to have a gun…and be trained in it.
In fact, doesn’t Switzerland do this?
Not trying to get political, and not arguing gun control, just saying that this kind of strategy has been considered in real life.
The Geth should move their race to the Cloud, like the Pirate Bay.
It’s what they’re trying to do.
Ofermod says:
I believe the reason for the civilian ships is that *every* ship in the Quarian Fleet is armed, even the civilian ships, and they figured they’d need all the firepower they could get.
They actually stapled guns to them in preperation for the attack. Apparently the major liveships are now equipped with dreadnought-level weaponry. This, incidentally, makes them legitimate military targets, even with thousands of civilians aboard, and the use of civilians in an effort to deter attacks on military targets violates many treaties that prevent attacks on civilian targets. Mostly because doing it undermines the willingness of militaries to refrain from attacks on civilians. Likewise, medics are only permitted to carry sidearms.
In one possible ending of the Rannoch situation, the above facts have predictable and tragic consequences.
Medics can carry heavier weapons, but they must forfeit the special protections of the Geneva Conventions if they do.
Which is exactly what guy’s post implied.
Although these points do bring an important topic to mind. What regulations do the Council/Citadel races have to follow (other than the few that we hear about, like Farixen)? Do those apply even in cases where non-Citadel races (e.g. quarians) may come into conflict with the Council? Has regulation been a problem in the Reaper War?
Most important to the universe would be questions like:
Do the geth consider themselves bound by any internal mandates?
(example: their belief in self-determination for all sapients)
swenson says:
Because Admiral Gerrel is an idiot who’s all YEAH WAR and drags the other admirals along with him. He also does such pleasant things as trying to blow up a ship with Shepard and Tali–who, remember, is an ADMIRAL–on board.
To be perfectly honest, nobody even in-universe thinks this is a good idea, except for maybe Admiral Xen, and she’s certifiably nuts.
Well, it wasn’t inherently a bad idea- no three people, even Shepard and an Admiral, are more valuable than destroying a two-kilometer long, state-of-the-art flagship and its signal relay capabilities in terms of pure tactical value. The problem was, this was a golden opportunity to just up and leave, then start trying to arrange a ceasefire and peace talks. I mean, peace talks turned out to actually be non-viable because of an unknown factor, but we don’t find that out until after admiral gung-ho throws the plan out the window and forces Raan to chase after the idiot to save his fleet.
If Shepard said the plan was to take advantage of the confusion to press the attack, it would be a perfectly reasonable if coldhearted move. In fact, it’s exactly what Ruthless Renegade Shepard would do in that situation. After all, the ship could power back on at any time, and it’s the most powerful warship in system. But that wasn’t the plan!
Considering that Shepard and Admiral Tali are the only ones that display even a limited competence in anything, the decision to attack the ship with them on board is foolish.
And high-ranking individuals are highly valuable. Their influence can have profound effects. Just look at what Shepard has done.
Zombie says:
I hated Admiral Xen. “Hey, can I take apart the coolest character and really only sensible one in this whole plot arc? Its not like he really cares.” Apart from the Scout fleet admiral and the civilian admiral, I can’t remember their names, I would just kill all the admirals and then tell the Geth they can stop attacking now, we got rid of the problems, and, hey, want to help us destroy the Reapers?
Then why the hell did Shala-Raan approve of this!? Tali and Koris opposed the war, yet Raan, Xen, and Gaaral spproved it! All it took was for Raan to say “This is fucking stupid!” and war aborted. It would be finished. And we could have already had the Geth and Quarians on OUR side against the Reapers!
I know. I hate how we never get to call Raan out on her bullshit.
Which is extra bullshit, because if she were as spineless as she seems to just go along with Gerrel and Xen, she ought to spineless enough for us (AND TALI) to convince otherwise.
Of course, ideally something like this would have involved Tali as being the flip vote (with results depending a lot on what happened in a mythical not-stupid version of ME2). But that would involve not railroading us into situations, so….
I think the issue with this is that Tali was more or less given the Admiral position on the condition that she support the war effort. She mentions it mildly in the cutscene at 11:00 – she can’t afford to split the public opinion, and Raan probably feels the heat from the admirals *and* her own crew to go to war.
She only links you at the end if you can speak on her behalf, and if Koris will back her up as well on you being backed up. The admirality board can’t revoke your admiral status, since you don’t have one.
“Tali was more or less given the Admiral position on the condition that she support the war effort”
What nonsense is this? If Tali is an Admiral, she and Koris voted in opposition of the war. If she’s not, then Koris was the only one in opposition.
As I understand, IIRC, they had already made the decision to go to war before Tali was made an admiral.
Or at least, to retake the homeland.
Whereupon they decided that Tali would be the best Geth expert – in the same way Garrus is the Turian’s Reaper expert, and Grunt is the Krogan’s Suicidal Mission expert.
Oh, and Mordin the Krogan Health expert.
EDIT: See Mass Effect 3 Ep 26 @ just after 4:30 in.
To be fair, in-game Raan only sends the Patrol Fleet to back up Gerrel’s Heavy Fleet because he charges in without asking anyone first, and without her support the Heavy Fleet would be ripped apart. She probably saw it as the only way to actually preserve the Heavy Fleet.
But she’s kind of a pushover. As anaphysik points out, though, it’d be nice if Shepard could push her over too.
“it'd be nice if Shepard could push her over too.”
Amusingly, also the battlecry of those looking for a Raan Romance DLC.
Why am I so evil? Why do I have to charge words with horrible connotations like that in the name of “humour”? The world may never know.
The Quarians picking a fight with the Geth at this time did not strike me as some contrivance by Bioware.
Instead, I got the feeling the Quarian admiralty had lost all sense of proportion and reason fighting their sad, indignant and pointless war over their home planet. This was a story arc I saw coming way back in ME2.
Also, about Mass Effect losing the hard sci-fi edge somewhere between ME1 and 2–who at Bioware is responsible for this exactly? Do they have a designated lore keeper who gets to sign off on all scenarios, or do the writers just make up whatever suits their plotting? Basically, is there a third-party-sanctioned method to their madness?
Irridium says:
Well, the two people responsible for ME1’s lore/tone/setting were Drew Karpyshyrn (probably spelled that wrong) and… someone else who’s name escapes me at the moment. ME1 also had a small group of writers.
After ME1, Drew was sent to work on The Old Republic, and the other guy just left I think. After that a new head writer came on, and they just hired a lot more writers. By ME3 only one writer from ME2 was still on the team.
I’d assume the head writers have the final say. Though since the ones responsible for this whole thing left after the first game, and all but one were gone by the third, a change in tone and style were inevitable.
I wish they planned ahead. That’s all I wanted from this series.
And this baffles me really.They announced way back that this was going to be a trilogy,and yet looking at it now seems like they made me1,and then sat around and said “Ok,so how do we make me2?”.
I think when we come to conclusion time this is really going to be the big one. It was cool and inventive for them to try a trilogy like this, but you can’t just say that you’re going to make a trilogy with choices that carry. You actually have to know what you’re going to make
Not seems like, that’s exactly how it happened. Drew himself admitted in a Eurogamer interview that that’s exactly what happened. He said something like “Originally Cerberus was just a random opposition group and we had no idea what to do with them. To think, if we had planned it, people would never have experienced ME2’s Cerberus plot.”
He seemed to imply that that was bad.
Really?To me that sounds like “If we did our job right,people wouldnt experience that crap”.But then again,thats my point of view.
And Im not saying that doing a series one step at the time can never work.Original star wars trilogy is proof that it can.But those cases are flukes,and not rules,as the prequel trilogy shows.And you dont need to write down every detail before you start any work,but at least have a solid beginning,middle and the end before you do part 1.And if thats obvious to me,an amateur,how can it be such an alien concept to professional writers?
original source: http://drewkarpyshyn.com/c/?p=381
Of course, some of you are also pinging me to find out what the “original” ending of the series was when we started planning out the trilogy. Sorry, but that's not something I'm even going to attempt to answer. The collaborative creative process is incredibly complicated, and the story and ideas are constantly evolving as you go forward. Yes, we had a plan, but it was very vague. We knew we wanted to focus on some key themes and bring in certain key elements: organics vs synthetics; the Reapers; the Mass Relays. Beyond that, we didn't go into detail because we knew it would change radically as the game continued to evolve.
A good example of this is Cerberus. When we wrote ME1, Cerberus was basically a throw-away group of pro-human radicals: a name we dropped for some side missions to play the role of villain. We didn't even have a concept of who was running them, and we didn't think they were that important. Obviously by the time of my Ascension novel and ME2, that had changed radically. The Illusive Man and Cerberus became central to the story and themes ““ that never would have happened if we had nailed everything down and refused to make changes to the story.
So I don't like to say “here's what we originally were thinking” because it gives a false and very distorted impression of the process. Mass Effect was the creation of a huge team, with contributions coming in from many people at many stages of the project. Some things I liked ended up getting cut, some stuff I wasn't sure of worked its way in. That's the nature of the beast with collaborative works, and I think in the end it makes the final product stronger. But talking about the changes after the fact feels like I'm sitting on my throne and proclaiming, “That's not what I would have done!” It's easy to sit on the sidelines and say “I would do this or that”, but it's very different when you're part of the process, working with multiple ideas, trying to piece it all together and still hit your deadlines. Anyone who wasn't part of the ME3 team is an outsider ““ even me ““ and whatever they say about the creation of the game is just unsubstantiated speculation.
In some ways, he’s absolutely right. A collaborative process done over many years is undoubtedly going to involve emerging ideas and constantly shifting plans. And really, that sort of thing happens even if your the only writer. People change their minds. People come up with new ideas they can’t believe they didn’t think of beforehand. Etc. (As someone who is writing collaboratively right now, I myself am experiencing those truths.)
On the other hand, that’s all irrelevant, because planning or not what really matters is the quality of the story that you tell, and Bioware fucked up on that.
But at the very least, you should have a rough idea of what you are going to do if you announce a new franchise as a trilogy. Feel absolutely free to change it if there are problems with the way things interact and/or any other reason, but going in completely blind is just shameful.
Yeah, I kind of got that sort of vibe too. Throughout the interview he seemed to be singing the praises of spontaneous storytelling. I think it might be that he’s just trying to avoid saying anything REALLY negative about the development, but who knows for sure?
Aside from him, I mean.
Chris L’Etoile was the other guy. He wrote the majority of the Codex and was presumably in charge of the lore. Naturally, he had no part in ME3’s development, having left the team after ME2.
Yeah, people in the main plot are idiotic by accident, the Admiralty Board is idiotic on purpose. From an immersion and story standpoint that makes all the difference in the world. When someone is idiotic by accident, you want to punch the writer. When someone is idiotic on purpose you want to punch the character. And in this case, you totally can.
My reaction to the sequence after the dreadnought: “Screw you Garrel, you ruined everything! Don’t you-Renegade Interrupt!-YES! Exactly what I wanted to do!”
I mean, I still killed the Quarians, but I felt really bad about that beyond just Tali :(. I actually felt like Shepard was trapped in a situation where the actions of others had brought her to a pass where no possible good resolution existed, and the Geth had acted in self-defense so siding with them was a lesser atrocity in a situation with no non-atrocity outcomes.
Well, you can barter a peace between them. I don’t know what chain of decisions I’d taken led me to this point, but I was able to talk (shout) the admirals down make the Quarians play nice with the Geth.
Yeah, it was a bit of a cop-out, but I can’t say I wasn’t relieved.
My only regret here was that I couldn’t shove Han Gerel out an Airlock in the process.
It takes some doing:
1. You absolutely must get Tali exonerated via either paragon/renagade options or Kal’Reegar and that other guy standing up for her.
2. Tali and Legion must survive
3. Admiral Koris must survive
4. Now you must gather “points”. Destroying the Heretic Geth is worth points, the fighter server is worth points, not losing the loyalty of either Tali or Legion in their opposed conversation is worth points (regaining one’s loyalty afterwards does not count) and I believe there are some other possibilities.
5. You must have a high reputation. I think you need to hit the second-highest notch on the bar.
So it isn’t a straightforward matter. I actually lined up everything except the reputation marker on my first playthrough, but I’d been deliberately trying to work towards Geth-Quarian peace in my ME2 run.
As with having everyone survive the suicide mission in ME2, it looks harder then it actually is. If you’re even remotely a completionist you can make peace without trying for it.
This is my biggest criticism of this to be honest. I played on the gimped playthrough first and I had to either kill the Geth or the Quarian, and then watch Tali or Legion die. That’s powerful and good story.
But then if I want them to live, it’s actually pretty easy and not particularly dependent on individual accidents. I don’t have to negotiate hard, I dont have to make tough calls (Except with von Quib Quib). I just have to grind the time, which drains all the impact of this story. It works better if you can’t win it, but they make it way too easy to win and it’s the wrong kind of challenge
This was a pretty wide ranging episode.
Select Thoughts
1.) Why would Vega -a Marine -ever expect to command a ship? Shepard only does it because she’s a SPECTRE.
2.) I was under the impression that the first game set up the alpha-numeric system to represent MOS and rank. So an N7 is a Commander in the Special Services. An N6 would be Lt. Commander, down to an N1 who is probably corporal or something (that would be a very thin enlisted rank, but maybe like Star Trek there are a lot of officers and the scut work is done by computers).
That system was splashed by ME2 which made N7 a special program of some type.
3.) I find it interesting -on multiple playthroughs -how little influence your dialogue has on the other characters. Vega joins N7 regardless of what you say, EDI becomes friendly to humans regardless of what you say. This could be an interesting comment on how much is self-determined about our lives. Or it could be bad writing.
4.) I think it’s possible to have interesting character reactions with a slightly blank character. KOTOR II I think did it pretty well. And Dragon Age: Origins didn’t exactly botch it.
“Shepard only does it because she's a SPECTRE.”
In ME1, Shepard was Anderson’s XO. She was well on her way to getting to command a ship.
I have no idea if James is supposed to be an officer, but he sounds like enlisted to me. Maybe he’s talking about getting to command his own Kodiak? :P
(In ME2, the SR-2 was technically a civilian/terrorist ship, so military rules don’t apply. In ME3, everything’s stupid, so I’m not even going to bother.)
James is a lieutenant. Shepard was a lieutenant commander, one rank up, when she was an XO. The XO’s in charge of the ship any time the ship’s captain isn’t onboard for whatever reason (hence the nice lady saying “XO Pressley has the deck” every time you left the Normandy in ME1). So I don’t think it’s that far out of the realm of possibility.
I know what an XO is. I didn’t know what Vega’s rank was.
Vega is excusable. He was a sergeant until last week. His promotion to Lieutenant is the result of losses against the collectors… at whatever planet he said it was, Lord knows I can’t keep’em straight anymore.
He should still put on a uniform.
I don’t remember Shepard being an LTCDR. I’m pretty sure he’s been a CMDR the whole time (and not promoted due to the whole dead, then working for Cerberus, then under arrest thing).
In any case, BioWare can’t keep ranks straight to save their lives, so I suspect Vega is actually an O1 and no one at BioWare realizes that the appropriate naval rank would be Ensign (at best he’s an O2, Lieutenant Jr. Grade -but I can’t imagine he was field promoted to full Lieutenant -that’s going from commanding a squad of marines to a company of them, which is a heck of a jump).
The rank structure in Mass Effect is a bit messed up by our standards. The Systems Alliance doesn’t have a hard distinction between marines and sailors and they use a combined rank structure with some from each.
That is admittedly a “Get out of naval rank errors free” card, but a reasonable one.
Early in the first game, Shepard is described as being the XO and commander of the ground forces. I don’t think he was in line to be a captain. Commander of a larger marine detachment, sure, but not command of ship. It’s not Shepard’s skill set.
As is annoyingly demonstrated every time Normandy enters a fight and Shepard is hanging out in the Cockpit instead of in the CIC where she belongs.
XO is totally in line for a ship command. It is what someone does before getting their first command.
Well, the real problem is that “XO and Commander of the Ground Forces” is a job description roughly equivalent to “Janitor and CEO.”
So really when that admiral bugged you back in mass effect 1 about the CIC being set in the middle of the ship the correct response was “yeah but I’m just going to stand next to the pilot’s chair anyway.”
drkeiscool says:
I think KotOR II was helped by 1) having excellent writers, and 2) because the Exile’s background is so integral to story.
Now we shall see if you can overcome the weight of Malachor, and silence the echoes that beat from its heart.
The ‘7’ isn’t your rank, it’s more like your skill level in your job, comparable to the skill level in an Air Force Specialty Code, or whatever the other branches use.
The N7 program actually sounds really sensible, in that light; in many AFSC’s, including mine, you have to receive particular classes and training to advance your skill level, to include flying off to a certain base for a training course. So for Special Forces, the ‘N’ designation, it makes sense to me, given this setting at least, that they’d ship you off to the Alliance’s Special Forces Summer Camp to earn the highest skill level within that designation.
Otters34 says:
That rotating tunnel thing reminds me a lot of Psychonauts. Only that was a platformer and that segment had an actual challenge to it.
Vect says:
I guess this is because Han’Gerrel is Space Loghain, and that man was also driven to fight an enemy that he really shouldn’t at the worst time possible.
FalseProphet says:
That’s true, but I think they built up Loghain’s backstory and motivations enough–namely his utter distrust of the Orlesians–that it didn’t seem like an asspull. And at the beginning of DA:O, even the “I idolize the Grey Wardens and want to be a hero of legend so bad” Boy King had doubts that the darkspawn attack was a real Blight. Whereas at this point of ME3, the Reapers have been trashing worlds wholesale.
X2Eliah says:
They did build Loghain’s motivations up enough – In the bloody DA-themed novels. What they completely failed to do was build the story up in he actual game, before the very final act when any reasonable played would just go “yeah, off with his head”.
I’ve got to agree with X2 here. Throughout the whole game I was always waiting for some big revelation to explain Loghain’s actions, but it never came. In the end I just concluded he was a short-sighted jackass who I badly wanted to kill.
Even says:
This again? So is feeling sympathy for him unreasonable? I mean yeah, he absolutely deserves a punishment, but I can’t say I find this notion of killing him being the only “reasonable” option very agreeable. If it’s about giving the ultimate punishment or wanting to see him suffer, then there’s always fates worse than death. I can agree that he could have used more exposition, but you don’t really need a bookful of it to see beyond his facade. The decision suffers a lot more from being binary and always on you than from a lack of exposition. Still, if and when you’re willing to ignore a handful of plotholes concerning the Joining and the Grey Wardens’ contradictory secrecy policy, the other option for Loghain makes a lot more sense given the situation. Is it all fair? No, but it’s pragmatic (within the game’s own twisted logic). If there was anybody who deserved what they got, then that would be Alistair for being such a goddamn baby.
Wedge says:
The hell is up with BioWare doing this lately? I shouldn’t have to read a fucking *book* associated with your game (and sold separately) to understand the motivations of the *primary antagonist*. I’m entirely okay with having ancillary sources to fill out a world or expand on side-stories or characters, but for fuck’s sake, if it’s central to the fucking story of your game, put it in your game.
To be fair, the Quarians were intentionally written with 3/5 admirals being crazy, stupid, or spineless (Xen, Gerrel, and Rann respectively), thus elevating the sequence far above all the ones involving characters who were one or more of those things by accident. Korris appears to actually have a clue and sanity.
The robot has a fork of Edi’s core on it for exactly that reason, Shamus. It’s not even hidden, it’s somewhere in her first conversation tree, IIRC.
It’s hard to call scale in space, but I think most of the ships are tens or hundreds of kilometers apart. Though the fronts of each fleet are indeed in reach out the window and punch them in the face range.
Yeah, the zero-g section is painful. I played Shattered Horizon back on a steam summer sale, and the whole sequence reminded me of how incredibly much fun it was to pull wacky 3d hijinks in my shooter and sneak up behind people by thrusting up from behind an obstacle, powering down to kill my lights and vanish from sensors, then drifting through the void, before opening up with an assault rifle on someone who failed to cover their Z-axis properly. Also, it reminded me that Mass Effect does not let you do any of those things.
I’m actually a bit unclear on the timing of the Quarian campaign. They had already gone into communications blackout and recalled Pilgrimages a couple weeks ago when you got to the Citadel. Did they start the attack on the Geth before they knew the Reapers were coming? I think they did, but it’s never stated in dialogue.
I always took it that the Quarians finally went ahead with their long-awaited invasion of Rannoch right before the Reapers rolled in and started steamrolling everything. It was just the worst possible timing.
They don’t say it outright, but that’s certainly what I got from the context, and the alternative- that the Quarians intentionally used the Reaper invasion as ‘cover,’ as Josh asserts- is abominably stupid. Which doesn’t exclude it from possibility, but I still don’t believe it.
I agree that makes things much much worse. I’d figured that they had been pretty much building up to invasion since ME2 and had already started getting things rolling before the Reapers, but I think Josh might be right that the game bugs out and goes stupid on us with that timeline at some point
Looking at it now, that comment about ‘sanctions’ makes it really seem like the chaos after the Reaper invasion really did kick off their war. I have no idea how I glosses over that. If that really is the way of it, I’m extremely disappointed; the entire Quarian section of ME3 was my favorite part of the game, and that would put a massive scar on it.
Chris is absolutely right: a game where the geth-quarian conflict is the major conflict would be ripe material.
More and more I’m seeing a problem with the core conflict of the Mass Effect series, even going back to ME1 and Sovereign’s “our numbers blahblah.” It jut completely upstages anything else you want to explore in the universe when you’ve got giant space death machines coming that you can’t reason with.
I think Babylon 5 has particularly soured me on this. The SPOILER Vorlon-Shadow conflict is similar to the Reaper threat, except that B5’s conflict gets resolved, oh, halfway through the third season. And then the show acknowledges what happened and moves on with the younger races’ lives (for another 1.5 seasons, because season 5 was boring and probably should have been edited way down and incorporated into 4 or earlier before calling it a wrap). B5 solves this by having the conflict be more about ideology and rejection thereof, as well as the by examining the existential nature of what it means to be an ‘ancient’ race among children.
That’s one way Mass Effect could’ve handled it. It also could’ve had just, like, 5 Reapers or something, who really do use subterfuge and cleverness to wipe out portions of the galaxy, Sovereign being one of them. It would’ve required some drastic overhaul, but it would’ve given it a chance to not have to revolve around the fairly bleh Reaper-death-plot :/
I dunno.
If Season 5 seems really uneven and tacked on, that’s because it was a last-minute addition. PTEN was going to cancel B5 at the end of Season 4, so J. Michael Straczynski had to end the Shadow War earlier than anticipated in the early episodes of Season 4. Then he had to use the rest of Season 4 to wrap up the retake Earth plot. (Older fantasy and sci-fi epics, following Tolkien’s lead, tend to do this: after the Big Bad was defeated, there was still some cleaning up to do.)
Near the end of Season 4, JMS got the word that TNT would pick up Babylon 5 for its fifth season, though with a smaller budget–and this was already a comparatively low-budget series. So there are fewer space battles, more episodes using the same three sets, and more character-based stories instead of major plot arcs. There are a handful of standout episodes: “View From the Gallery” and “Day of the Dead” are notable–but it’s mostly a whole lot of padding so JMS could get the 5-season-arc he always intended.
The B5 conflict you are referring to actually ended halfway through season 4, leaving just half a season by your count to show basically their version of the scourging of the shire, ie the part where the characters prove that they actually have the initiative and drive to deal with problems instead of pretending they don’t affect them/relying on Vorlons+Velen to tell them what to do.
Season 5 was the leftovers after the writer was told ‘remember how we asked you to shorten it to the 4 seasons you now made? well, we want a 5th after all, so jump to’. Initially Season 4 was meant to be stopping the shadows plus maybe fixing Minbar and Season 5 was meant to be fixing earth and the telepath conflicts.
Yes, I was a faiiiiir bit off on that placement. Although the arc actually ends in S4E6, which still left 16 episodes in the season.
The real point was narrative, though, not specific: the big conflict between ancient and young was not the ending. The show then continued on, following attempts to resolve the long-standing conflicts that had been left in the wake.
Yes, and that was a good thing. Not only doesn’t the story magically end when the load bearing boss snuffs it, they finish the more important and time critical main plot before getting to the smaller, almost sidequest like Minbar and Earth.
Computer RPGs have really done a number in training people to work their way up the plots from least to most important.
I realize the humour inherent in me having to *actually write* “SPOILER” before some spoiler text just so people will actually know to take it seriously as real spoiler text.
SPOILER I am not a robot.
The stupidity of the quarian leadership would be so much easier to handle if Sir Awesome’Koris were just able to say fuck it and get the hell out of dodge with his massive *civilian* fleet. If idiot Gerrel and spineless Raan (and Xen, but her fleet is less military) want to get themselves killed, and their military commands are still being followed, then yeah, da stoopid unz dy, and whoever you can convince to abandon this foolishness gets to live because they aren’t retarded.
But that would be acknowledging that groups often form factions with, you know, widely differing opinions and aren’t just one big mass of ‘quarians’ or ‘salarians’ or whatever, and that would be a little too complicated for the goldun riters, I guess?
(There are tactical reasons why simply breaking off and running is not that simple – but don’t forget that it’s the writers that control the situation as well. If they painted themselves into a corner, it was only their own fault – particularly if they do so intentionally.)
I don’t think I’d call contriving the tactical situation the way they did “painting themselves into a corner”. They clearly and intentionally configured the situation so that the binary choice at the end contained the only two ways the war could resolve without Space Jesus telling everyone how it is. They wanted to force a Quarians or Geth choice for people who had not made a solid effort to make peace a possible outcome, so they arranged matters so as to make the forced choice between the only two options that made sense.
It’s more Greek Tragedy than bad writing. Both the players and the developers know the Quarians and Geth could have acted differently and averted the disaster, but they didn’t. And unless you had already really worked for peace, there’s absolutely nothing Shepard or the player could do to change that.
Meanwhile, in the Cerberus plot they force tragic outcomes or binary choices through making characters who are supposed to be intelligent really stupid. But on Rannoch you can punch Garrel in the gut and throw him off your ship because he’s supposed to be arrogant and bloodthirsty and ruining everything.
Did the quarians seriously send the entire Admiralty Board over to the Normandy? That seems rather trusting.
I think it’s more accurately described as desperate.
1) Shoot Gerrel.
2) Shoot Xen.
3) Shoot Raan.
4) ??? High-five (high-three?) Koris
5) Profit
EDIT: 6) Blame it on a rogue cell. OF YOURSELF.
More like: immediatly leave the system and do every side mission ever/scan the galaxy. I’m sure the quarian fleet will be fine without them…
1) Punch Gerrel in the groin and throw Xen out an airlock.
2) Pick up Tali.
3) Go joyriding through the galaxy.
4) ???
5) Profit.
You forgot the key step of picking up Tali, you see.
StrongStyleFiction says:
The perfect Cerberus plot.
@16:43: It’s a setpiece hallway.
Also, screw Kai Leng that sequence on Manaan.
Also, in Dead Space, you CAN jump between walls. A little cheesy, but better than this.
I’ve watched the DeliciousCinnamon playthrough of Dead Space Dubzspace. Actually looked pretty decent. I’m definitely going to utilize its mining-tools-as-weapons philosophy in the weird tabletop game I’m running (human spaceships that crash landed on a pokémon world, and the frontier culture that’s grown out of that in the centuries following…). Well, my players like it! :P
Oh goodness, in the W40k RP I’ve been running for quite a while now the team has confronted cultist and demons, dark eldar, hordes of orks and even some necron but no enemy is remembered, and dreaded, more than a mining servitor they were trying to hack. Their heretek rolled a negative crit and triggered some kind of “death to the enemies of the machine spirit” routine, and that thing had a mining drill. The heretek was the first to take the wrong end of that and after that it gave the rest of the team quite a chase and some bruises before they managed to put it down.
I think Rutskarn’s magnetic bicycle idea has merit. That should be a free DLC.
For $5 more, you get a unicycle.
For $5 more, “Yakkity Sax” plays while you ride it.
For $12, you get the above two items plus Shep will juggle multicolored balls (symbolizing the plot) while the ghost of Mordin sings a special up-tempo version of “Always Look on the Bright Side of Life.”
I really wish you hadn’t suggested this, even as a joke. I shudder at the thought of a world where matryoshka DLC (DLC that requires you purchase a previous DLC, rather than existing parallel to one another) exists.
I’m replaying this bit right now (an insanity playthrough, and the geth are harder than expected seeing as I’m steamrolling through most other missions… but that’s what the infiltrator cloak is for, right?) and I was unaware you can punch Admiral Gerrel in the dick (assuming quarians have them?) after he tries to blow you up. I am now greatly saddened that my goody two shoes mostly Paragon original playthrough did not take advantage of this.
I don’t think it’s really accurate to call the quarians “one species in the galaxy with any kind of proper defense against the Reapers (in the form of being able to just leave)”. The quarians are never portrayed as remotely self-sufficient. They depend on Citadel civilization for trade goods, raw materials, replacement ships, new tech. Interaction is considered so critical that every single quarian is required to go out and mingle with people who consider them thieving space tramps in order to bring something useful back. They can no more head out into the black and survive than a convoy of long-haul truck drivers could use their trucks as the basis for a subsistence hunting and gathering lifestyle.
(That doesn’t make the decision to take Rannoch rational, and the game doesn’t portray it that way. Ditto the geth, who really don’t need a garden world at all, and certainly don’t need to build their Dyson Sphere in the one system the quarians are guaranteed to contest tomorrow if they don’t do it today. But Legion made it clear that the geth aren’t as logical as they like to think back in ME2.)
To be fair, moving every Geth in Rannoch’s star system to another star system would take a lot of work. And evidence suggests they were hoping for a peaceful resolution where the Quarians got Rannoch back.
The effect of a Dyson Sphere around its sun on Rannoch’s climate is never addressed, though. Maybe it would be inside the sphere? Technically, I think it’s a Dyson Swarm, i.e. made up of a bunch of separate structures instead of being contiguous.
I agree that it’s separate structures, though that was Dyson’s original meaning. (Using Dyson Sphere to mean a solid shell was later SF writers.) But I’m sure Rannoch was supposed to be inside the orbital radii of the components, since after all their work preserving it they wouldn’t be likely to block it off from the sun.
(There’d still be lots of waste heat coming off the shell as IR, but it’s still vastly reducing the insolation, which I’d expect would kill the ecosystem. Though… even though though the solar energy absorbers would be as black as possible, I wonder if reflection inside the radius would also cause problems. Maybe if you can harness a star’s worth of power, maybe you can just fix Rannoch using some orbital structures and geoengineering.)
The geth clearly hoped for a peaceful resolution, and really, really wished mom and dad would get over their grudge over the geth winning the mutual attempted genocide thing– especially since they totally started it!– and move back home. (“We’ve kept your room just the way you left it! Except less crowded.”)
That doesn’t make it rational or wise for them unnecessarily put all their eggs in a hotly disputed basket before attending to that minor detail. The running subtext (as I read it, anyway) is that the reason is that they’re made in the quarians’ image, and are just as attached to “Homeworld” as the Creators are.
We attack the geth now,or we die!
Wulfgar says:
any chances for Witcher spoiler warning?
Nordicus says:
If they made it, it’d probably be blind.
Witcher never comes up as a topic in these playthroughs even though its “formula” is very similar to modern Bioware games, so I suspect none of the Spoiler Warning crew has actually played it. Merely a suspicion though
I know Shamus said he never got into the first one, I dunno about 2.
IFS says:
I believe they’ve said that Josh really likes the games and would like to both of them, but they’re very long.
You may have a point on the game length, but Fallout 3 and New Vegas are no short games either. I do however feel that an unedited playthrough of Witcher 1 could get boring (“mountainclimbing!”) because the game was padded with a lot of combat and backtracking.
Now Witcher 2 on the other hand is a very eventful game by comparison. Although, even that game has the problem of having 2 SEVERELY different main story paths, and a player needs to play both to get the whole plot.
Would they just pick one path? Would they pick both? Would they have 2 complete playthroughs or have the second playthrough start at the end of Act 1?
…Why does the Geth dreadnought have airlocks and corridors anyway? Geth don’t breathe, and they don’t need physical bodies to interact with it. Wouldn’t it be a lot smarter to build the whole thing rock solid as one big platform, with all its ‘crew’ being geth programs? For one thing, you’d make it a lot more solid for its size than any comparable dreadnought made by any organic species, and you’d make it impossible to board. If you need external Geth to interact with it, use wireless communication, or give it some external USB plugs.
…Come to think of it, why would any Geth-build object ever have corridors, beyond the ones needed to transport or store the humanoid platforms?
You’d still need access corridors to all parts that might need fixing or replacing over time, plus, if you have that space, why not store some spare ground troop bodies in there in case you need to send a shore party or in case of enemy boarders.
? says:
They already consider windows to be structural weaknesses for sentimental organics. There is no reason not to make all maintenance access corridors as small as possible for a platform to move through. Or make special ship maintenance platforms that are even smaller, possibly with some sort of magnetic rails to move around fast Weasley-style. Or store platforms in areas that might require immediate repairs during combat. Out of combat ship can go to shipyard and be partially disassembled for repairs. This is a dreadnought after all, why add convenient access points for meatbag boarding parties. Congratulations on breaching hangar area, if you wish to reach command server please upload yourself in this network socket. Writers remember that Geth are computer programs only when it is convenient for Normandy to exploit their blind spot (because while windows are weaknesses, there is no point of scanning the bit of electromagnetic spectrum organics tend to use as their primary sense, right?).
This is part of the ME universe synthetic=magic thing. Pretty much at no point ever do synthetics behave like actual synthetics and it’s just part of the universe you’re meant to buy into. It makes no sense that the Geth would continue to look so anthropomorphic, or that their technology would keep pace with ours but not overtake it etc. I mean their ships have safety rails and interactable interfaces, it makes no sense.
Hold on, I could have sworn the Quarians had no idea the Reapers were invading and just happened to pull the trigger in the invasion they were planning in ME2 at the worst possible time?
I mean, Tali knew it was a bad idea, but the rest of the galaxy- geth aside- didn’t have any clue about the Reapers. Going to war with the geth still might not have been the right thing to do, but there’s a world of difference between that and trying to take advantage of Armageddon.
So, with the conversation with James in Shep’s cabin, there’s one thing that James mentions that sort of leapt out at me..
He said: “[…] that civilian turned out to be a Cerberus spy working for the Collectors [..]”.
let me repeat that: Cerberus spy working for the Collectors.
Just… WHAAAAT
Did Bioware completely forgot even Mass Effect TWO?! You know, the whole game where you had to work with cerberus against collectors? Where you, with the help of cerberus, DESTROYED the collectors? The game where at the start, cerberus is trying to find out what these collectors even are?
What the hell. This remark from James makes absolutely no sense in any timeline – it cannot have happened before ME2 (Cerb has no idea what the collectors are, collectors don’t really do anything), it cannot have happened during me2 (its cerb vs. collectors), it cannot have happened after ME2 (no more collectors as such). I know that Bioware had no clue what they did in Mass Effect 1, but, seriously, they don’t have any idea what they did in the second game too? …. What the bloody hell.
Well, since the Collectors were a rogue cell of Cerberus, and every cell of Cerberus is also a rogue cell, it makes perfect sense. There are even rogue cells within rogue cells.
Rogueception.
Spoiler Warning logic makes all the pain go away.
Bioware is a time-travelling rogue cell of cerberus.
I heard that line for the first time when watching this episode. (I never had this conversation, and I talked over it while we were recording. :)) You’re right, it’s just stupid and broken.
Also – since when do the collectors do espionage? I thought they were basically culturally dead, like the keepers. How would they entice and recruit spies?
Probably “indoctrination!!!”. Or “assuming direct control”?
Fair’s fair, the collectors did use some other species’ agents to spread the viral plague on Omega.. Iirc it also says that collectors do maintain shady dealings with some criminal factions for a trade of technlogy and stuff.. (And I kid you not, this is exactly as stupid as it sounds).
But a cerberus-collector cooperation? what the bloody heck.
That’s a good point. I’d totally forgotten about that work the collectors had been doing.
You forgot? It was mentioned in one offhand line by TIM! How could you possibly forget something like that”½
It’s also in the Codex that the prior to this, the Collectors were primarily known for showing up, buying groups of people with interesting genetic anomalies, and paying with neat tech. That they were buying rather than kidnapping indicates the ability to talk and negotiate beyond “This hurts you” and “Assuming Control.” (Though to be fair, human mercs in ME aren’t the most interesting conversationalists in combat either.) If they can put in an order for a bunch of left-handed salarians and pay whoever provides them, it makes sense that they can pay spies.
I’m calling this for “Dumbest thing Cerberus does ever.”
That’s a close call though.
I think “Resurrecting a meteorite-esque Shepard to bring him back exactly as he is in order to fight the Collectors, the very people they are also working for.” tops it though.
Followed closely by “Set Threwser Maws against a colony just to see what would happen.”
Fourth place probably goes to “Attacking the Citadel and taking it by force.”
It’s still a close race.
Don’t forget “place a bunch of scientist on a dead Reaper and then never check up on them.”
Or that everytime that they “did anything.”
Overlord is probably the only time they do something moderately intelligent. Thoroughly and irredeemably evil, yes, but not entirely retarded.
so they had TWO ships!
consider that massive plot hole closed:)
Joneleth says:
It almost feels like there were multiple teams of writers involved, and none of them had any idea what the others were doing. Multiple, rogue cells of writers.
Nah, that would never happen at Bioware.
Thank you Josh for saying that the Quarian-Geth conflict should have been it’s own ME episode game.
However I think that the “Genophage Cure” storyline should have been the focus of ME2.
So that:
ME1 – Prothean Legacy/Reaper Thread Discovery/Killing The Reaper/Crap, the Reapers (multiple) are coming.
ME2 – Preparing for War/Gathering Allies/Genophage Cure/Legion quest/Tali quest/War Reporter/Snuffing out Cerberus for good/Prothean artifacts (the visions).
ME3 – More Prothean artifacts, super weapon and super ship design/builds (prothean based?), Geth vs Quarian conflict resolution, forming Turian/Geth/Quarian/Krogan/Human/Rachni/etc alliances.
ME4 – Reaper attack, some space fights (no, not Shepard in a fighter, but Shepard as a Admiral doing tactical choices (like Josh pointed out, why the heck isn’t Shepard an Admiral), then intel reveals (Liara’s Shadowbroker network maybe?) that the Reapers are planning something desperate (the Repears are slowly loosing and will eventually loose at current rate), Shepard and “the gang” now need to get on the ground and personal again to stop Harbringer that has infiltrated the Citadel and is turning it into a galaxywide weapon. (see what I did there?) Culminating in Shepard turning the weapon back on the reapers causing a feedback that temporarily disorient the Reapers allowing the alliance to mop the floor with them.
Now..Anyone got a timemachine so we can get these ideas to BioWare’s ME2 team during the planning phase?
And yes, I turned it into a quadrilogy, there is certainly enough lore for that.
The ME trilogy isn’t “bad”, in fact it’s a damn good trilogy, one of the best easily rivaling the classic Star Wars trilogy. But the presentation changes from the start of ME2 to the end of ME3.
Everything introduced in ME1 and that is carried over to ME2 and ME3 works fine from the start of ME2 to at least halfway through ME3.
Everything introduced in first half of ME2 and that is carried over to ME3 works fine from the start of ME3 to at least halfway through ME3.
Things introduced halfway through ME2 or introduced in ME3 start having issues near the end of ME2 through all of ME3.
The borderline is not as clear cut as I make it sound, some plot threads go from the start of ME1 to the end of ME3 (and into the extended ending) and are fine for example.
I know one of the guys behind ME1 left midway into ME2, but I doubt that alone was the catalyst (ME3/Shepard pun not intended) for the sidedrift issue, did more folks leave (either BioWare or the project), not unusual for folks to be shifted around projects.
Now if the guy that left held the direction so well, then was it the guy that took over that position that failed to keep the direction or?
As I said the trilogy is pretty damn good, it’s just messy. I mentioned the “Two Mass Effects” before and still hope Shamus will untangle the two in a future post, because I believe the ME trilogy is at almost “two” trilogies mashed together into one.
You have the squad building/team gathering, the personal quests of the squad members, the genophage cure, the geth/quarian conflict, shepard backstory (we barely saw any of those backstory ME1 choices come back in a big way), prothean artifacts/lore quest, shepard abilities (if wielding biotic powers then Shepard is hinted at having a unique chip in his/her head), volus and all the other races (the citadel “mini” quests hints at so much potential there.)
Some squad member personal quests actually stretch through the entire trilogy (Tali for example especially if in a romance, or Wrex/Mordin).
So the trilogy could easily have focused only Shepards journey, gathering friends and allies and “exploring” the galaxy through 3 games,
the reaper invasion stuff could have been put into a single 4th game, mainly focusing on that.
And what of cerberus you say? Well, it’s obvious that Cerberus (and TIM in particular) is indoctrinated (TIM at least) and under the control of Harbringer without realizing it since, oh, around the middle of ME2 maybe? (hmm!).
Hang on, Harbringer is the galaxy’s biggest troll? *looks at Josh* …Josh?! *backs slowly away*
psivamp says:
I agree, this conflict could have come to a head in the last game. It would have fit much better. No one really believes the Reapers are coming yet ( albeit because Cerberus has kept you from talking by implanting a chip in your head ), so the end of this generations long genocidal war is really the most important thing for the Quarians.
After it is manifestly obvious to every race with the ability to process external stimuli that the Reapers are coming and everyone is going to die, this is clearly not about the homeworld any more and is just a holy war — stick it to them before we all get sorted out by someone(thing) else. Which is, as other people mentioned, something you can kinda believe some people or groups doing. But it fits better with the space opera setting for this race to be a little past that I think.
They talk about the fact that the Geth don’t use windows means they’re completely blind to the stealthed Normandy, but do the Geth not have cameras or anything? Is their entire external sensory system supposed to be exclusively heat detection? That’s especially dumb since they know about the Normandy and it’s stealth technology, because one of them fucking served on it!
Good point indeed. Especially about the stealth part, Geth ships would quickly get updated to handle stuff like that.
Also, the Geth probably do not need to “see outside” like humanish species seem to do in Sci-Fi. But they would have sensors.
Examples of sensors:
Heat sensors (heat in space other than from stars or plants would be unusual)
Particles sensors (ions, matter, whatever)
Radio sensors (hey don’t dis them, electronics make noise)
Light sensors (any craft near enough for even long range combat would create a silhouette against any stars/planets/other ships)
In fact another craft would block radiation and possible heat, again creating profiles. Add this together and the Geth (or humans today even) could easily make a 3d virtual model projected into a sector map of sorts. I mean, today Humans can actually see planets orbiting around suns lightyears away by looking at light or radiation. (radiotelescopes pick up lots of galactic chatter, a stealth ship would create a “mask” that could be detected)
So given that Mass Effect is the future and the Geth is very advanced they’d probably out sensors any Human vessel without issues.
The perfect “stealth” is when the object being hidden is indistinguishable from the background/surroundings.
A “blotch” in space blocking light/radio/radiation/heat/particles.
In space the best stealth is to stay far away, if you are close enough to be seen you are also close enough to be detected in other ways. So if you can see the enemy then the enemy probably can see you as well.
I forget who wrote/where I read it, but the “joke” is that space is so big that you are just as likely to crash with another ship as you are to pass by one you can detect. Two ships could easily pass by each other quite “close” and never know it.
Take a bowl of water, put a white dice and a black dice in a glass bowl. Put it on the ground. Walk away until you can barely see the glass bowl. Now turn around and have somebody remove (or not remove) a dice. Turn around and try to see which dice is still in the bowl. Not so easy huh? Walk closer and closer until you do. You will probably find you have to cross quite some distance to see which dice is there (or even if any dice are there at all)
That’s how it is in space. Your sensors pick up some anomaly. You review it for a while. if it vanished quickly you have a decision to make (go and check the area or not). If it’s still there you can choose to do nothing, keep monitoring or go check the area.
If you do check the area whatever was there is probably log gone by now or has moved (“slightly”) enough that they could easily be behind you now.
You may or may not see what I’m leading to here. Point blank capital ship combat is silly and very Star Wars’y like Josh pointed out.
But ships that close is actually pretty smart from a survival point.
Ships in space can not turn too fast (Geth can handle more G forces though) as it’s easy to overshoot and you’d be a siting duck in that case. If you think of pirate movies whee they turn the broadside at each other and hammer away, that’s what these two fleets are doing.
You see a dot (or dot’s) in the distance, and by the time you figure out what it is (fried or fo) you are already busy preparing to turn the broadside against them and prepping the canons to fire because as soon as you can see who they are you either light the fuse or you die.
In space it’s similar only the distance is much greater.
When in stealth mode, the Normandy is basically invisible to every kind of sensor except visual. Which is not very good for space uses in the Mass Effect setting, and as far as they know only the Systems Alliance has stealth at present. In fact both the Quarians and the Salarians have it as well, and the Turians helped invent it.
Really? Because what I recall from ME1 was that the stealth system was basically just a couple of heat sinks so you didn’t radiate a great big heat signal through the coldness of space. I don’t remember them talking about blocking any other kinds of signals.
Either way, I find it hard to believe that the Geth don’t equip their ships with cameras that can detect visible light. It’s not exactly like that’s beyond their technological level.
Huh, I could have sworn the codex specified it stored all radiation as heat. However, it does specify that the sensors include radio detectors, and since no one ever picks up the Normandy on sensors while it’s in silent running, I think we can assume it hides from those too.
Even if Normandy managed to be invisible to passive sensors by blocking emissions of any kind, that still doesn’t explain how it can avoid detection by active sensors at point blank range. Let’s say they pulled that off, too. How do you prevent your enemy from detecting the gravitational fluctuations caused by your mass effect drive?
That’s some serious space magic I’m trying to read into right there. My head hurts.
The same way an F-22 Raptor does, probably. A coating and shape that doesn’t give a solid return on radar.
Ooh I missed that, Gravity sensors, nice one.
Hmm! I just had an idea, wouldn’t it be awesome if ME2 had allowed you to hunt for parts and resources to “build” Normandy 2? And only getting a proper ship at the end. The upgrades you did get however did not feel like upgrades. (was any of those upgrades actually visible in any way? I can’t recall…)
Gravity sensors would be kind of hard to make in comparison to other sorts of sensors. We have aircraft-based radar already, but gravity detectors that could actually be useful are very large and fragile.
The upgrades only influence one cutscene each, though the Thanix cannon was instantly memorable in said cutscene. However, Mass Effect 3 never depicts the weapons of ships confirmed by the codex to be armed with Thanix cannons in that way.
*nod* AFAIK the stealth system the Normandy uses would be nice for sneaking through a system, which I believe is what it was used for originally in ME1?
Also if the Turians invented it and the Quarians and Salarians built it, I kinda suspect that the Geth might have hacked info on it.
Legion might know, but out of loyalty to Shepard kept it to himself (his platform) ?
Wouldn’t that have been awesome? If you do not get Legion loyal, in the next ME game the Geth suddenly was using stealth tech, and if Loyal they would not? Oh, all the missed opportunities. (the ME universe is awesome, I just hope BioWare does it the honor it deserves)
I was just wondering, since we’re making fun of Mass Effect’s action movie romance development, what games do people think handled player-driven romances well?
Dragon Age 2 still had plenty of biowares usual problems with the romances, but you only got the actual romance scenes in the second act after your character had known the other party members for a few years.
No1. Star Wars: Knights Of The Old Republic (aka KoTOR or KoTOR 1 or KoTOR I)
It even had a darkside “romance” that felt proper also (as far as a Sith would consider “romance”, the whole last chapter is split into darkside and lightside paths, I wish BioWare would do that again in a future RPG game).
No2. Dragon Age: Origins if you go after the Morrigan romance (and the DLC/expansions that fully complete that romance/storyline.
If it wasn’t for the fact that KoTOR had two (ightside AND darkside variants) I’d rank DA:O as No1 instead.
Both those have a good and rewarding romance conclusion if you ask me.
No3. Mass Effect Trilogy, The Tali romance through the 3 games flows very nicely. The only thing preventing it from stealing the No1. spot or at least a No2 spot is that at the end of the game Tali should have supported Shepard with her shoulder as they walk out of the Normandy in that end scene. Tali would never leave Shepard behind (if romance), heck even as a friend only she would risk her life to get Shepard/check if Shepard is alive. But the Tali romance thread through the games to the end of the “good ending” of the Geth/Quarian conflict, with Shepard and Tali sharing a moment on her world (oh and the joking about housing etc.) gold moment right there.
Josh the Geth had a dyson sphere (to store all geth programs at once) they were building, but the first thing the quarians did when they attacked was to blow it up, because the quarians are assholes now and instead of letting their enemy just finish the thing and leave the planet they had to blow it up and force the geth to defend Rannoch, thus making the fight worse for themselves.
Also Josh you can’t romance Vega, though femshep will flirt with him regardless of whether or not you want her to, the Traynor romance glitched and didn’t give you the shower option, and I think the Liara romance can only be done if you did it in the first game. As for the reporter lady I never tried that so I don’t know if you screwed that up or not.
If they were going to fight with the geth, stopping construction of the Dyson sphere is a military necessity. A completed Dyson Sphere gives them the entire star’s output to play with.
(Really, that level of energy use is out of scale with anything seen in the Mass Effect universe this side of the Crucible. They’d have to disassemble planets to get the material to build one, and if they could properly weaponize it they should be able to use Reapers for target practice.)
I don’t remember it being stated at any point that the dyson sphere could be weaponized, just that it was meant to house all the geth so they’d never be alone again.
And to power that they need 10^26 watts? I mean, I know we’re just cavemen without mass effect drives or AI, but we run an industrial civilization on a hundred trillionth of that.
Maybe they do– I don’t know what sort of power requirements a geth hub has, or just how exponentially they’ve grown in three centuries. (The original geth population could demonstrably run plugged into the quarian grid, with room to spare for their other infrastructure.) But if some country explained that they needed to build a billion-odd nuclear plants, for entirely peaceful purposes, I suspect they’d at least get some questioning eyes.
(Even if what we’re assured was a rogue faction hadn’t just invaded Japan and tried to take over NATO headquarters two years ago.)
As players, and even as Shepard, we may take the geth’s claims about their ambitions at face value. (And there definitely will never be a heretic group that decides to take their 1% share of the star’s output and use it in a manner that might discomfit humanity.) But is it really plausible that the quarians would?
“The original geth population could demonstrably run plugged into the quarian grid”
I don’t think this is true. Geth platforms originally had only a few geth programs running on them at any given time. It was through increasing interaction between programs that sapience developed.
Yes, all the geth programs were operating using quarian resources, but they weren’t all concurrently interfaced with every other program. *That*’s the point of the geth’s megastructure (whether a megastructure is reasonable or not is a different question).
(EDIT: why did this get flagged for moderation? why do the moderation filters hate me so much? TAT )
And whether it’s something that the other local powers can safely tolerate is another question, even if it makes sense for them. Just having the wherewithal to build it is pretty scary in itself. (“Why yes, we can disassemble planets and build a few square AU worth of solar collectors. Can’t everyone?”)
Or given the current emergency, go the other way and do anything, up to and including sicing the turian fleet on the quarians, in order to secure a geth alliance. Who needs the krogan if there’s a potential ally that can reengineer solar systems?
Didn’t read the comments above, but could this whole “retake our homeworld” be the species level equivalent of catastrophe intimacy? I mean, it’s still a joke, but it’s a bit more understandable that way.
Oh man! That underwater sequence was horrendous! I remember considering quitting the game, just so I wouldn’t have to go shamble around underwater again. And the controls were sloppy, and you had to get right up to those panels to repair them or whatever. It was like pixel hunting with an optical mouse on a mirror. Terrible.
You also had to be really careful, because those fishies could kill you pretty easily if you unpaused by accident.
But there was a glitch where you could duplicate equipment during that part!
The underwater section was tons of fun for the cheaters!
Not that I ever did it, of course… ahem.
… so, anyone feel up to trying to explain away why the Geth dreadnaught has
A) Hundred-meter long docking tubes sticking out at right angles from the hull, that
B) Are fully deployed in battle where they can easily be damaged or destroyed?
Because I sure can’t think up an explanation.
A) is pretty easy; they use the dreadnought to house mobile platforms to load into shuttles. Plus, they do need to be able to load fuel and might have to pull certain components out to be serviced in a drydock of some kind.
B) is rather more difficult. In some settings it doesn’t really matter how a warship is built because they explode when their shields are dropped, but Mass Effect has useful warship armor.
Shuttles don’t need 100m+ of clearance, and I would hope a drydock would have its own airlock facilities – that’s like asking a supertanker to supply its own quays when it comes into harbour.
One of the Geth accidently leaned on the awesome button.
This can be the only canon explanation.
RTBones says:
A) Fighters, or attack shuttles could be a reason. A boat that big could hold its own fleet of fighters or attack craft
B) Same as A, really. Though once the attack/defense force is launched, I would think you’d stow most of them to keep them safe. I could see them keeping a few up and ready for reloading/rearming the fighter force. Of course, that could imply that the docking tubes are areas that are well defended.
Why keep your fighters attached to spindly docking tubes, instead of an internal hangar or just parked on the hull Cylon-style? Especially as (apart from the battle damage) there’s only one opening on that tube, so you’d need a separate tube for every fighter or shuttle.
Put me in the camp of “the Quarian/Geth conflict resolution could have been a game unto itself.” The Quarians hold the trump card here in not having a homeworld of their own. Other than the reasons everyone else has already stated, the Quarians dont have to take out the Geth because the Reapers are going to do it for them. Even if they attacked the Geth before the Reaper invasion is underway, they can disengage, divide the fleet into lots of small chunks, and scatter to the four winds. The Reapers come in and do their bit, and when the dust settles THEN worry about your homeworld. Leave humanity and everyone else to fend for themselves in an effort of self-preservation.
On another note, I had not heard that conversation with Vega before. I had always assumed he was a grunt, not an officer of any sort. The game certainly plays him that way. That conversations seems to hint that he’s an officer of some kind, which is the only way he’s going to get his own command.
The_Zoobler says:
So wait…. not only are the Quarians engaging in all of the stupidity that Josh mentioned above (making an attempt to entrench themselves in a war they can only win by running away), but they’re also locking their escape route and home in place whether they win or not (positioning the typically mobile fleet in one location to make war), and wasting valuable resources when the Reapers are already cleaning house with the rest of the galaxy(they WILL experience losses no matter how hard they win against the Geth, completely discounting the eventuality they lose the war).
Hey guys, we know there’s a Mongol horde coming in a day or two, but in the mean time I think we should get half our village killed fighting that asshole tribe next door.
The moment I saw the Illusive Man I immediately hated him, before he ever said a word, because of how transparently and piteously blatant he was. He was never a character, he was a one-dimensional, boring, generic, overdone, pretentious cliche.
Then came all the stupid bullcrap that went with the Illusive Man, trying to turn Mass Effect 2 into some gritty cop show in space. That obnoxious Asari crimelord on the crime world. Samara the cop. Garrus the cop. Liara the manipulative corporate overlord??? Whatever, the side character stories are still good.
Oh look. The Reapers were making a slushie Terminator. Okay.
But this, this moment with the quarians, is where I think I have officially abandoned all hope for this game lol. The shark has been jumped.
I loved ME1, liked half of ME2, and everything about ME3 just looks so in-your-face stupid I can’t imagine its even worth devoting a single moment to. If my friend were paying me to play his provided copy of the game, I still probably wouldn’t play it. It does look like the gameplay has improved. But the story… the setting… dear god…. I just can’t process it any more.
I think I may need to play Jade Empire, because so far the only truly good BioWare game I’ve played is Mass Effect 1, and its clear how that turned out. DA1 was fun when I played it, but in retrospect just brown and ugly everywhere. Completely and totally visually horrible, which kind of ruined what could have been a much better game if only it had color. I tried to get into KOTOR recently and maybe its just the ME2-3 influencing me but I can hardly stomach the first planet you crash land on: just more stupid space crime and stupid space gangs in ugly environments (albeit environments with better color than DA1 or ME). SWTOR is enjoyable, I mean, it’s stupid pulp adventure, but at least Star Wars is established as stupid pulp adventure.
I mean where did BioWare get its “good writing” rep? So many of their stories are truly mediocre.
And with their tendency towards horrible art direction and tedious gameplay… I just don’t think BioWare is that great at making games lol.
KoTOR is the gold standard I guess.
But one thing is common for BioWare, good quality production (usually), awesome voice actors, games that actually last a while (no 4 hour games there), good NPC characters, deep lore. Overall a BioWare RPG is usually very “solid”. AFAIK no BioWare game has ever not been worth the money. So it’s hard to “go wrong” getting one of their games.
Also, BioWare fans is a lot more critical than other fans. BioWare games already are a “AAAA” studio (I hate the guy that coined that 4A crap) and have been for many many years. Sadly this also means that any flaws stick out way more than in other games.
The Mass Effect trilogy is probably the most favorite game that Shamus and the gang just “love to hate” to use that expression.
lurkey says:
KOTOR of all things is the gold standard? But…but it’s so stupid! Like, “Sunday morning cartoon for preschoolers with brains yet too soft to understand Harry Potter” stupid! :( You may argue that it’s not KOTOR’s fault what with it being a part of not too brain-straining fairy tale universe, but, well, lets settle on not completely KOTOR’s fault.
Unless you’re talking about coherence – as in, no horribly glaring plotholes, fleets of deus ex machinae, grand pianos leaping out of bushes, these sort of things. In that sense, KOTOR is well manufactured indeed. Well manufactured quality product, on the case of which I kept looking for a “For ages 3 to 6” label. :|
Well if you consider political and religious persecution or genocide “ages 3 to 6″³ that is… I seem to recall that at least physical abuse (not sure of rape though) is even touched upon in KoTOR.
That is also one of those other things BioWare is good at, really dark subtexts, like Jack’s back story in Mass Effect, she went though hell and back twice at the least.
BioWare’s target is if you could call it that… are childish adults, which I’m a proud card carrying member of.
Then again BioWare also manages to get Miranda’s ass-shot in the way of my story as well, once is cute, but ass and boob shots/angles grow old really fast. DA:O and DA2 also had text/dialog/subtext of really nasty things going on.
I’d love to see BioWare do a mature game. (i.e. not a “mature” game with teen stuff in it but an actual adult game with adult stuff in it and ignore the “teen” market fully. ME trilogy shows mature themes and text here and there, and then it goes all juvenile again, etc, really weird if you ask me.
Friday Oct 26, 2012 at 2:23 am
Depressing themes present in the setting are not enough to turn it mature, IMO. In KOTOR’s case, the main reason I dismissed supposedly horrible things as planet go boom was lack of believable motivation in villains. And KOTOR’s villains is reason No.1 why I remember it as kiddy stuff (No. 2 is your character’s dialogue choices with no big wurdz but plenty of exclamation marks. You’re either playing Forrest Gump or evil psycho Forrest Gump).
They all act like everything they do is “for teh evulz”. There’s a scene to introduce some evil lieutenant, who force-kills some random engineer at a console for no reason at all, just because he felt like it. That’s Sunday morning cartoon thing. (It also would’ve been cool if some time later the ship was flooded with feces because the shot dude was in the midst of sewer calibration, but alas). Compare Dean from F:NV’s “Dead Money”, who once ruined the man out of petty jealousy – just because he always bounced off bad things with optimism and serenity. That’s evil.
And then there’s an absurd, hammy, ridiculous scene when the Big Bad tortures this lady into…being evil. Just like that. There is some handwaving later, but it’s even more stupid. By itself, torture is very dark, ugly and yes, mature theme, but come on – am I supposed to take it seriously in this context?
I might have cared about slavery thing more if all the Wookies haven’t had personalities and depth of carpets. I might have noticed planet getting razed if I didn’t have to shoot stupid ships in stupidest minigame in Bioware’s history. Perfect chance to make boring good guys more layered and interesting by pondering on morality of brain washing? Wasted. Letting murderer go just because the victim is one of our enemies? Okay, that one was good.
tl;dr version – Bioware seldom bothers with question “Why?” and that hurts their attempts at maturity (like, “Death and taxes” maturity. Not to be confused with “Tits and ass” “maturity”).
I apologize if I seem caustic, it’s just…KOTOR is to me what Neverwinter Nights 2 is to Shamus, only he is lucky enough not to see NWN2 praised as gold standard of anything. :-)
KoTOR villians are like all Sith villains, no freakin’ clue why they are like that. Sith on average seem to be Chaotic Evil to use that classification.
The cool thing though is that there are hinted to things about a major character and in KoTOR 2 Obsidian actually runs with it, just a shame you don’t get to follow that particular plot further (there is a novel that does though), so not all Sith are Chaotic Evil, but instead Lawful Evil or possibly Neutral from a certain point of view (yes very Obi-Wan’ish I know).
Malak though is the typical “power corrupts, absolute power corrupts absolutely” etc.
“That's Sunday morning cartoon thing.” not sure if that is a joke or not, but I can’t recall people being casually killed on sunday morning cartoon shows in Norway at least, nor casually killed in any cartoons intended for kids at least. Anime aimed at mature audiences on the other hand…
“Compare Dean from F:NV's “Dead Money”, who once ruined the man out of petty jealousy ““ just because he always bounced off bad things with optimism and serenity. That's evil” I understand wat you mean, but that basically sounds like your average CSI tv episode.
“Big Bad tortures this lady into…being evil.” yes the lightning etc. But it is assumed this takes place over many days (it’s barely mentioned but hyperspace travels usually take a few days to week on average) movies, books, games rarely depict that as it’s boring as hell though. Also, a jedi (or non-jedi person) getting turned involves a lot of brainwashing. Look at Luke during Star Wars VI and you’ll see that Luke and The Emperor are having a staring contest, but in reality the emperor is trying to break down Luke’s mind (and succeed to the point that Luke loose control and attacks etc.)
Stuff like that should be better told to players though IMO, finding a few jedi holocrons (could act as a codex etc.) would have helped clarify such things.
As to Wookiee personalites, I agree. Maybe it’s the “species” that is the issue or I don’t know…Any wookiee seem to be modeled after Angry/Happy/Neutral Chewie. The myriad books does a better job, but when wookiees are named stuff like Lowbacca etc it makes me groan. If you look at the classic trilogy there is hardly much depth to the character other than Han’s hairy pal. So whomever tried to add depth to the wookiees beyond that infallibility kinda failed. (and that Star Wars Xmas Special did not help either).
The “space combat” minigame? Holy crap yes that was annoying, and Obsidian payed attention to avoiding that in KoTOR 2, ditto with the underwater space walk, though Obsidian went kinda silly with space walks, I’ve never seen nor knew before KoTOR2 that space sprinting was possible *laughs*.
And I agree, instead of the spacefight minigame, having some cutscenes (while hyperspacing) where the crew/squad/team interact, talk, add depth would have been ideal. After all, this does happen in Star Wars IV (Obi Wan talks and Luke trains, C3-PO plays chess etc.) Awesome missed opportunities, which brings us full circle back to Mass Effect, where they actually do that. (see BioWare is trying, just a shame they have selective amnesia other times) ;)
Caustic? Nah, it sounds like KoTOR is the game that “you” love to hate.
And by the gold standard, I mean if all games was at that level, things would be really fun. These days I’ve actually had situations where I stopped playing a game and not completed it for various reason. A lot of AAA games go “gold” these days and they are nowhere close to KoTOR in quality (and I’m sure upcoming AAAA *sigh* will also be just as crappy).
I bet you’ve played through KoTOR several times by now huh? I sure have and lost count even. :)
PS! Did you notice that most of your issues with KoTOR that you pointed out is with Star Wars lore and not with the game itself? ;)
Obsidian did something awesome with KoTOR 2, they tried to break the Star Wars sterotype characters, unfortunately due to deadline rush KoTOR2 has a load of other issues so…
Starting from the P.S. – yep, I suspect it might be a SW problem, although I only saw the movies and the Bads weren’t that random, but I hear things about extended universe. Still, I presume they weren’t contractually obliged to write idiot villains, so why not to put those famed Bioware writing madskillz to good use? It’s not like they don’t know how to do it – Baldur’s Gate series had good villains, so did Jade Empire.
Another reason of my reaction is that I played I KOTOR2 before KOTOR and found Avelone’s take of SW universe v. much to my liking. So going back to ye olde black and white again and discovering that the infamous tactical genius Revan was a dunce who couldn’t string up a sentence longer than 5 words was like getting a cold gas station’s hot dog instead of a bloody steak you expected.
And speaking of Wookies, I loved Obsidian’s one, Hanharr. Batshit crazy, but with a method to his insanity. If you chat him up, it’s possible to emphatize and understand why he is broken like that – and it all stems from canon things like slavery and life debt.
As for cartoon thing – aren’t all those Skeletors, evil X-men mutants and such always plotting to kill off something and the coyote to eat the chickie or whatever that is he’s hunting? And, well, it’s not mass murder that’s cartoony about KOTOR villains – it’s their cheese’n’hamminess and comical ineptitude. Seriously, minutes in meeting Malak I nicknamed him Iznogoud.
…and yes, I played it something like 3 times, I think, it had some totally good parts, likeable NPCs and pretty environments and it was fun. So it’s not a game I love to hate per se. It’s a game I love calling silly. :-)
It’s usually a Saturday-morning-cartoon thing, not a Sunday-morning-cartoon thing. At least ‘back in the day’ it was…
@Iznogoud: wow, what a whiny little worm.
“Hey guys, we know there's a Mongol horde coming in a day or two, but in the mean time I think we should get half our village killed fighting that asshole tribe next door.”
I thought about using the Mongols as an example, since that sort of thing happened. (Or more often, the Mongols’ next target would team up with the Mongols against the current target, which was pretty much the geth response.) Alexander Nevsky (in a bit that somehow didn’t make it into the movie) didn’t just fight a civil war with the Mongols on his doorstep, he led them in, in exchange for their chasing his brother off the throne.
See also: a handful of pale beast-riders from over the eastern Sea have shown up in shiny helmets. Clearly we should put aside our local squabbles and stand together against the aliens… *or*, *or*… we can see if we can use them to finally give the Azteca what for!
Scow2 says:
Monday Dec 3, 2012 at 11:01 pm
No… this conflict DID need to be in Mass Effect 3, not shoehorned into the end of Mass Effect 2. I think the team here keeps backdating Mass Effect 2 events into Mass Effect 1.
In the first Mass Effect, the only Geth you have contact with are Saren’s forces. Yes, there’s a hint that the Quarians started it, but as far as we know, all that did was push the Geth to irrevocable villainy. It wasn’t until Mass Effect 2 that we saw that not ALL Geth were ruthless anti-life killbots, and were actually sympathetic. Not letting the subplot stew until the third game would have left the plot feeling “rushed”.
As for the space combat – I’d say that what we see is actually just a cinematic shorthand – the actual distances involved are MUCH greater, but we want to be able to see both factions and all ships involved in the battle, even if relative distance and size get skewed in the process.
Carlos GarcÃa says:
Saturday Jun 27, 2015 at 5:12 pm
Possibly has been said before and I don’t know how long does this has been, but I have to say this: Saying that space battle is what one would expect from Star Wars is just wrong. Episode III battle made me think the same as it is said before, that a space battle like that is ridiculous. George Lucas generally sucks big time in strategy and tactics. Curiously the only time regarding that he’s got it decently is the only thing I’ve read or heard complaints about. But if you play the X-Wing / TIE Fighter series, this is totally not what you expect in Star Wars (that battle was a disappointment from first second because of that). Dog fights between fighters, sure, but never capital ships at point blank range.
It makes no sense that capital ships will fly next to each other to shoot. I don’t say it can’t ever happen to see two capital ships so close to each other, there may be some circumstance in which one may want to get very close to the other, though then never if it’s about shooting at it to make it blow up: you don’t want the explosion’s debris to make mincemeat of your ship. Capital ships: a good distance away, one may be more keen on getting closer to stay in firing range than the other, but never in blank point, unless very specific scenarios involving not wanting to destroy the other ship.
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Home News & Event News 2014 Announcement Press Conference
Nomination 2016
>Press Release
>Press Invitation
>Press Notification
- Press Invitation
- Press Notification
The Shaw Prize Foundation announced the Shaw Laureates for 2014 at a Press Conference held on 27 May 2014 at Hong Kong time 15:30 (GMT 07:30).
The Shaw Prize in Astronomy is awarded one-half to Professor Daniel Eisenstein and the other half in equal shares to Professor Shaun Cole and John A Peacock.
The Shaw Prize in Life Science and Medicine is awarded in equal shares to Professor Kazutoshi Mori and Professor Peter Walter.
The Shaw Prize in Mathematical Sciences is awarded to Professor George Lusztig.
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YKHII Meaning
YKHII means “You Know How It Is“. Answer to What does YKHII mean is “You Know How It Is”. This Page tells the meaning and definition of Slang word YKHII.
What does YKHII Mean?
YKHII mean “You Know How It Is”. This is the exact meaning of the English Slang word YKHII.
YKHII Meaning/Definition
The Exact meaning of YKHII is “You Know How It Is”. Or, You can say that,
The Definition of YKHII is “You Know How It Is”.
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