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The dataset generation failed
Error code: DatasetGenerationError
Exception: ArrowInvalid
Message: JSON parse error: Missing a closing quotation mark in string. in row 62
Traceback: Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/packaged_modules/json/json.py", line 145, in _generate_tables
dataset = json.load(f)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/json/__init__.py", line 293, in load
return loads(fp.read(),
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/json/__init__.py", line 346, in loads
return _default_decoder.decode(s)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/json/decoder.py", line 340, in decode
raise JSONDecodeError("Extra data", s, end)
json.decoder.JSONDecodeError: Extra data: line 2 column 1 (char 4762)
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1995, in _prepare_split_single
for _, table in generator:
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/packaged_modules/json/json.py", line 148, in _generate_tables
raise e
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/packaged_modules/json/json.py", line 122, in _generate_tables
pa_table = paj.read_json(
File "pyarrow/_json.pyx", line 308, in pyarrow._json.read_json
File "pyarrow/error.pxi", line 154, in pyarrow.lib.pyarrow_internal_check_status
File "pyarrow/error.pxi", line 91, in pyarrow.lib.check_status
pyarrow.lib.ArrowInvalid: JSON parse error: Missing a closing quotation mark in string. in row 62
The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/job_runners/config/parquet_and_info.py", line 1529, in compute_config_parquet_and_info_response
parquet_operations = convert_to_parquet(builder)
File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/job_runners/config/parquet_and_info.py", line 1154, in convert_to_parquet
builder.download_and_prepare(
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1027, in download_and_prepare
self._download_and_prepare(
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1122, in _download_and_prepare
self._prepare_split(split_generator, **prepare_split_kwargs)
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1882, in _prepare_split
for job_id, done, content in self._prepare_split_single(
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 2038, in _prepare_split_single
raise DatasetGenerationError("An error occurred while generating the dataset") from e
datasets.exceptions.DatasetGenerationError: An error occurred while generating the datasetNeed help to make the dataset viewer work? Make sure to review how to configure the dataset viewer, and open a discussion for direct support.
pred_label
string | pred_label_prob
float64 | wiki_prob
float64 | text
string | source
string |
|---|---|---|---|---|
__label__wiki
| 0.620424
| 0.620424
|
winter sun wikipedia
Finally, Agnew finds Geddes' name attached to McCann's previous murder cases that have been listed as suicides. This variation brings about seasons. It is a yellow dwarf star. Mäenpää focused his energies on recording Wintersun despite the lack of formal band members. Wintersun entered Sonic Pump Studios with Thunderstone's Nino Laurenne as sound engineer. ", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Winter&oldid=981685756, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages, Articles needing additional references from December 2019, All articles needing additional references, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Some animals store food for the winter and live on it instead of hibernating completely. [2] Vydáni tohoto alba se opět neustále odkládalo, podle Mäenpäänena především z důvodu absence vlastního studia. Agnew and Geddes testify in a murder trial from a previous case. The miniseries was adapted into an eponymous 10-episode series by AMC, with Strong reprising his role as Detective Agnew. [4][5] Nové album je naplánováno na rok 2019. For an observer on the North Pole, the Sun reaches the highest position in the sky once a year in June.The day this occurs is called the June solstice day. The band stated the album "will continue where 'Time I' left [off]" and include seven guitar solos. During winter in either hemisphere, the lower altitude of the Sun causes the sunlight to hit the Earth at an oblique angle. McCann's reveals that he didn't drown in the river, and the other body belongs to Anton Bobek, a butchered Internal Affairs confidential informant. ), 1883–1888, colder temperatures worldwide, including an unbroken string of abnormally cold and brutal winters in the Upper Midwest, related to the explosion of. [11] A kitűzött összeg mindössze néhány nap alatt összegyűlt, az egy hónapos részvételi időszak végére pedig több, mint 450. [6], A Time című második lemez felvételei 2006. május 3-án kezdődtek. Mice and, 1739–1740, one of the most severe winters in the UK on record. Az első lemez, a debütáló Wintersun anyagát Jari 17-18 évesen kezdte írni, amikor az Immemorial tagja volt.. Felvételekkor minden hangszert ő játszott fel a dob kivételével, amire is Kai Hahtót kérete fel a Rotten Sound-ból. [6] AMC ordered Low Winter Sun to series in December 2012 with a ten-episode order; the series returned to Detroit to film the remaining nine episodes,[7] for which production began in spring 2013. [1] Debutové album skupina vydala v roce 2004 pod eponymním názvem Wintersun, druhá deska ovšem vyšla až o osm let později. To bylo inspirováno Vivaldiho concerty grosso Čtvero ročních dob a pojmenováno The Forest Seasons. Low Winter Sun is a two-part miniseries first aired on Channel 4 in Great Britain, in 2006. A similar but less extreme effect is found in Europe: in spite of their northerly latitude, the British Isles have not a single non-mountain weather station with a below-freezing mean January temperature. (The three-month period of the shortest days and weakest solar radiation occurs during November, December and January in the Northern Hemisphere and May, June and July in the Southern Hemisphere. 6. [1], Recording for the second album, tentatively titled Time,[10] began on 2 May 2006. [4] In August 2012, it was confirmed that Ernest Dickerson would direct the pilot;[5] filming for the pilot began in September 2012 in Detroit. It occurs after autumn and before spring in each year. The band instead fired him, and Mäenpää was free to go ahead with the production of his self-titled album, Wintersun. [1][2][3], "Detroit cop drama had low ratings, weak reviews", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Low_Winter_Sun_(British_TV_series)&oldid=966070847, Television series by Tiger Aspect Productions, Pages using infobox television with editor parameter, Pages using infobox television with nonstandard dates, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 5 July 2020, at 00:34. [17] In Scandinavia, winter in one tradition begins on 14 October and ends on the last day of February. Wintersun announced its new session drummer will be Rolf Pilve of Stratovarius.
Online Kitchen Management Course, Short Poems About Morality, Current Mood In French, Aperture Of Mirror, Hang Onn Tv Mount 32-70 Review, Online Kitchen Management Course, Elon Want Ads, How To Analyze A Motif, Mountain Empire Community College Jobs, Levi's Vintage Fit Trucker Jacket Brown,
winter sun wikipedia 2020
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cc/2022-05/en_middle_0026.json.gz/line6
|
__label__wiki
| 0.581178
| 0.581178
|
AppalachianFolk UK
Adam Hurt & Beth Williams Hartness
Beverly Smith & John Grimm
Rachel Eddy
Rayna Gellert
The Stuart Brothers
Adam Hurt & Beth Williams Hartness:
Deemed a "banjo virtuoso" by the Washington Post, Adam Hurt has fused several traditional old-time idioms to create his own elegantly innovative clawhammer banjo style, having been introduced to the banjo at age eleven in his native Minnesota. A respected performer and teacher of traditional music, Adam has played at the Kennedy Center and conducted banjo and fiddle workshops at many venues around the country and abroad. Adam has placed in or won most of the major old-time banjo competitions including Clifftop, Mount Airy, and Galax, and won the state banjo championships of Virginia, West Virginia, and Ohio, as well as the state fiddle championships of Virginia and Maryland.
Raised on a tobacco farm in Caswell County, North Carolina, Beth Williams Hartness taught herself to play the guitar at the age of twelve, and later discovered that her unique, self-designed style of fingerpicking resembled that of Round Peak guitar players Paul Sutphin and Chester McMillian. Beth has participated in old-time music since the 1980s, was a founding member of the Charlotte Folk Music Society, and has been a member of numerous award-winning stringbands.
You may purchase Adam and Beth's music via the cover images below, Adam's official website, or through outlets including CD Baby or County Sales. Their current discography includes:
Fine Times at Our House
*photography credits - Martin Tucker
|
cc/2022-05/en_middle_0026.json.gz/line7
|
__label__cc
| 0.74306
| 0.25694
|
Feminism (102) Apply Feminism filter
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Homosexual orientation: just in time, Gospel Coalition and Al Mohler arrive at wrong...
by Tim Bayly on July 7, 2017 - 11:15am
If you love those who identify as gays and lesbians and you want to learn to see through their eyes and lies, other than Scripture, there's no better source.
I'm referring to the survey of the literature titled, "Sexuality and Gender: Findings from the Biological, Psychological, and Social Sciences." I've been intending to post on it for quite a while now.
The survey was authored by Lawrence S. Mayer and Paul R. McHugh, and with or without an education, you can understand the things in this report that are important for our work with those suffering LGBTQ temptations.
The authors are eminently qualified. Mayer is a scholar in residence and McHugh is a prof of psychiatry and behavioral sciences at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. For twenty-five years, McHugh also served as psychiatrist-in-chief at Johns Hopkins Hospital.
A couple years ago, Al Mohler came out on the national stage saying he now no longer believed in reparative/gender identity counseling. He also "repented" of his former denial of homosexual orientation, stating that he now believes homosexual orientation is a real deal. Mohler goes on to...
In Vatican City, Pope keeps sodomy legal...
by Tim Bayly on July 5, 2017 - 10:02pm
Italian newspaper il Fatto Quotidiano just disclosed another sodomite scandal in Vatican City.
A priest serving as personal secretary to one of the highest ranking cardinals in Rome's Curia was busted for drugs after Vatican Gendarmerie responded to complaints about a party. Entering the Monsignor's apartment, gendarmerie found it filled with drug-addled sodomites getting it on with one another. Vatican Gendarmerie had to take the monsignor to a hospital for detox before they could...
While Jews are persecuted, Evangelicals are captivated...
What goes down while UK Evangelicals are up in Keswick being "captivated" by OM's Peter Maiden, Alistair Begg, and "Research Professor" Don Carson?
London's private Vishnitz Orthodox girls' school fails its third inspection for conformity to the UK's Equalities Act and is on the verge of being shut down. Their crime?
The young Jewish women were not indoctrinated in “sexual orientation." Government inspectors declared "this restricts pupils’ spiritual, moral, social and cultural development and does not promote equality of opportunity in ways that take account of differing lifestyles."
What happens when UK pastors farm out their Biblical witness against the homosexualist juggernaut to the SSA chatterboxes of...
The book is finished: check it out on CrossPolitic...
Just now (and by "now," I mean now) I finished writing The Grace of Shame. Tentatively subtitled, 7 Errors that Keep the Church from Loving Homosexuals (And What To Do About Them), the book is co-authored by son Joseph and Jurgen von Hagen. All three of us are pastors, but here's a hint: one of the three is not like the others.
Get a feel for it by going over to CrossPolitic and listening to today's podcast.
The three guys behind CrossPolitic, David Shannon, Gabriel Rench, and Toby Sumpter, were great to work with and you'll want to sign up to support their work. Tell them I sent you.
Then look for Grace of Shame's release in a few months after it's turned down by all the publishers and we rob the piggy bank to get it printed and released.
If you want to help with that, please give me a shout.
Lighthouse Christian Academy: a press release...
by Tim Bayly on May 25, 2017 - 1:14pm
Here's the press release Lighthouse Christian Academy issued this morning in response to the Huffington Post's faith-shaming of Christians. 1
Vice President Pence and the Billy Graham rule...
by Tim Bayly on April 6, 2017 - 3:29pm
A FB friend just asked my thoughts on the thrashing Vice President Michael Pence has been receiving for observing "the Billy Graham rule" in his relations with women other than his wife. What is the rule? I mention it in this Baylyblog post from January 20, 2005. First the post, then some comments on the present controversy...
Every disability conceals a vocation...
by Tim Bayly on March 29, 2017 - 12:52pm
Don't say I never quote Lewis. It's true I prefer Chesterton, but here's a great Lewis line forwarded by a dear friend just now:
Every disability conceals a vocation.
Actually, it's a phrase from the middle of a letter he wrote to Sheldon Vanauken quoted in Vanauken's A Severe Mercy, so the capital "E" and period should both be an ellipsis, technically speaking.
In this particular case, Lewis is speaking of the handicap of being homosexually tempted. Christians don't speak of homosexual or same-sex "attraction" or "desire," but rather homosexual and same-sex "temptation."
Yet his statement works just as well with blindness, cerebral palsy, and pedophilia.
God is no man's debtor. He always does a perfect job stewarding our suffering and the suffering of our loved ones.
Neil Gorsuch worships someone at a pagan church in Boulder...
Boulder has better churches than St. John's Episcopal Church attended by President Trump's Supreme Court nominee, Neil Gorsuch. Their rector is a priestess and the congregation is committed to embracing sodomites and lesbians as full members with sacramental privileges.
On abortion, CNN reports:
"Despite Trump's pledge to pick a 'pro-life' justice, Leonard Leo, who advised the president on Supreme Court nominees, said the issue was never explicitly raised during their discussions. 'Judge Gorsuch wasn't asked about it, and he's not going to make a commitment on it,' said Leo, who has taken a leave from his job heading the Federalist Society while he shepherds Gorsuch's nomination through the Senate."
This is the man who made it worthwhile to vote for Donald Trump? Seriously?
Were Vice-President Mike Pence and the Federalist Society unable to find and recommend any nominee whose work is inspired by his orthodox Christian faith?
PS: Please click through for some criticisms of this post and my responses...
Pining for Christendom...
NYT's David Brooks is so very precious about buggery. My friend Mark Albrecht forwarded a link to Brooks's latest piece dissing Rod Dreher's exquisitely titled "The Benedict Option" while flattering Dreher for writing the most important book on religion in ten years. He points out twice in his three-minute read that he disagrees with Dreher's opposition to buggery.
Noted.
Noted again.
Dreher thinks the inspiration for his book's title is the sixth century founder of the Benedictine monastic order who wrote...
The church's witness on sexuality: too cute by half...
Remember, the goal of my writing on sexuality is not to demean women and promote male privilege. Every brash woman and effeminate man who hates Baylyblog never stops repeating these accusations, but they couldn't be further from the truth. Manhood is not privilege, but its opposite: responsibility. As Christ died for His Bride the Church, so man takes up his own cross and dies for the mother of his children, his lover, his bride.
The story of marriage is man dying so woman may give life and nurture it. Where that story is not told, marriage doesn't exist. It's not a private story for Christians. It's the timeless, transcultural story of sex written by God in the very DNA of His universe. To preach and live this story is to preach and live the Gospel.
Among the perishing, this Gospel witness is the stench of death. This is why worldlings outside and inside the church never stop scorning, mocking, hissing, and shaming those who try to be faithful witnesses to God's holy heterosexuality.
There can be no middle ground on sexuality, although many of us are frantic...
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cc/2022-05/en_middle_0026.json.gz/line9
|
__label__cc
| 0.65656
| 0.34344
|
How will post-Covid Britain look? For many, like it did in the brutal 19th century | John Harris
in Opinion
While Boris Johnson talks of ‘building back better’, the reality is growing poverty and hunger – and a government that is fuelling them
In December 2019, Boris Johnson was electioneering in Salisbury, where he visited a butcher’s shop and local military veterans’ centre. The same city is also the home of the Trussell Trust, which runs the UK’s largest network of food banks – and Johnson was asked whether anything in the Conservative party’s manifesto might reduce the need for the kind of help it provides. He answered in the affirmative, claiming that helping people with living costs was a personal “crusade”, paying tribute to “everybody who gets involved with running food banks”, but also insisting that “it is wrong that people should be dependent on them”. He then mentioned “cutting national insurance for everyone”, before his punchline: “It is imperative in my view that the next government, if I’m lucky enough to be leading it, tackles the cost of living for everybody in this country. That’s what we’re going to do.”
Now that science has defanged Covid, it’s time to get on with our lives | Devi Sridhar
If Johnson is ousted, expect a showdown between Tory MPs and the party faithful | Martin Kettle
Then as now, words just tumbled out of his mouth. We all know what happened to the national insurance promise, and if Johnson and his ministers had any credible intention of reducing living costs, any such hope has now been quashed. Instead we’ve had soaring energy bills, higher inflation and the cruel end of the £20-a-week universal credit “uplift” – partially mitigated via changes in the budget aimed at people in employment, but still a grim reality for the 3.4 million people on that benefit who are not in work.
John Harris is a Guardian columnist
With Covid studies, the quality of the evidence matters | David Spiegelhalter and Anthony Masters
How bad will the Omicron Covid variant be in Britain? Three things will tell us | Devi Sridhar
YNAP names Natalie Lee as new APAC general manager
Puma and Nickelodeon celebrate Rugrats 30th anniversary
Bravo Taylor Swift, but this is more about defiance than creativity | Kenan Malik
Scott Morrison must embrace carbon tariffs to protect economy: Report
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cc/2022-05/en_middle_0026.json.gz/line10
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__label__cc
| 0.672199
| 0.327801
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Rent or Buy- Which is Best? We've Done the Math!
Ivana Truong
Starting an instrument is an incredibly overwhelming process and we've already written about lessons and finding teachers. Deciding whether to rent or buy an instrument can be another big part of that process. In this blog post, we'll break down the cost of renting, buying new, and buying used and work through what each situation means for a student.
Violins from size 1/10, 1/4, 1/2, 3/4, 4/4
Posted by The Violin Shop at 12:56 PM 0 comments
Labels: renting a cello, renting a viola, renting a violin, renting vs. purchasing an instrument
Strings and Celebrities- It Took Some Guts
By Andy Fein, Luthier, Fein Violins
Gut Strings and String Choice: "Influencers" Before World War II
Catgut strings? Were they really from cats' guts? Or from the guts of anything else? Who made them? Who used them?
Before World War II and the invention of nylon, Perlon, and similar materials, natural gut core strings were the strings of choice of most violinists, violists, and some cellists.
Were they really made from cats' guts? NO! But were they made from some other animals' guts? Yes!
A violin with gut strings, 3 are bare gut and one is wound with silver
© Anoixe / Wikimedia Commons / CC-BY-SA-3.0 / GFDL
In the years between World War I and II, The Hakkert family established a factory in Rotterdam to produce the finest gut strings available. They also established one of the finest marketing programs.
The family's string factory was run by the talented Jacques Hakkert, who learned violin making in Mirecourt, France and helped run his family's large music store in Rotterdam, where they perfected the process of gut string making. The Nazis murdered this talented man.
Professor Uri M. Kupferschmidt, the author of Strings and Celebrities: Hakkert's "First Dutch Stringmakers" and Jacques' grandson, is primarily known for his work on social history in the Middle East. His previous book, published in 2007, was actually on Middle Eastern department stores and their consumers. But since 2013, when he first found the Hakkert's publicity brochure that is featured prominently in "Strings and Celebrities: Hakkert's 'First Dutch Stringmakers'", Professor Kupferschmidt has been looking into his grandfather's life, the catgut strings his grandfather manufactured, and the musicians who promoted them.
Jacques Hakkert was born in 1891 in Rotterdam, a city in the Netherlands. His family owned a prominent music store that sold a wide variety of instruments, gramophones, and accessories, including strings. He was named Jacob (changed to Jacques after he went to France) Wolfgang Hakkert after Mozart and his brother, Max Richard Hakkert, was named after Richard Wagner.
Jacques Hakkert was sent to Mirecourt, France for his luthier training at age 15. He was abroad from 1906-1909, and during that time he worked at the French violin factory of Jérôme Thibouville-Lamy. Then, he apprenticed under luthiers in Mattaincourt, France and luthiers in the German cities of Düsseldorf, and Cologne. The first violin that he made is now part of the Violins of Hope collection, which has recently obtained a Hakkert bow as well. When he returned to Rotterdam in 1909, he began work on violins in his family's shop. In his lifetime, it is estimated that he made close to 100 violin and cellos as well as a number bows, though it is unknown how many.
Two years after Jacques returned to Rotterdam, his family's music store started advertising their own catgut strings and they announced the opening of their formal string factory in 1917. They started producing strings for violin, viola, cello, double bass, guitar, harp, and later mandolin, banjo, and ukelele. The strings could be spun with aluminum, steel, silver, silk, or gold depending on its use. They also produced string for tennis rackets and medical sutures.
Gut strings are made from the small intestines of SHEEP (not cats!), which have been cleaned and soaked in cold water to preserve color and strength. The intestines are then softened in an alkaline bath and then split into 2 strands. The strands are then bleached, bundled in various numbers, depending on the string, and then twisted together. They are then dried, polished and cut to length. Depending on the string, a metal winding may be added. In the second half of the 1920s, Hakkert marketed a gold-wound G string which he advertised as more durable and intense in tone. While Hakkert's general process for producing gut strings would have been similar, he stated that he modified his manufacturing to fit the Dutch climate and water, which was high in calcium salts.
Video on how gut strings are made
Sidenote: The origin of the word catgut itself is pretty interesting. The strings, contrary to the name, are not made from the guts of cats. Actually, they are made from the small intestines of sheep. One possibility is that the "cat" in catgut is an abbreviation of cattle, which are sometimes used to make gut strings. Another possibility is that catgut was originally kitgut, "kit" being an obsolete word for a fiddle. Later, the "kit" may have been mistaken for "kit" as in a small cat, like a kitten, and from there, the word evolved to catgut.
Jacques also brilliantly marketed his strings with a method surprisingly similar to today's "influencer" marketing, where companies send products to internet celebrities with the hope of an endorsement or promotion. While this method certainly wasn't invented by Jacques, it was very effectively utilized by him. He would often send string samples to celebrity musicians and ask for written endorsements. He would compile these endorsements, along with signed photographs, and use them in newspaper advertisements and marketing brochures. His father would even keep a leaflet of these testimonials in his shop for customers to browse through. By the 1920s, Hakkert catgut strings had expanded worldwide. Hakkert strings were sold in Mirecourt, London, Berlin, Barcelona, Johannesburg, and even in Minneapolis!
Jacques Hakkert in his workshop, 1915
Cornelis Johan Hofker / Wikimedia Commons / Public Domain
Scroll of Hakkert's first violin
Photos used with permission of Avshalom Weinstein
Some of these endorsements were found by Professor Uri Kupferschmidt and inspired him to research and write this book. In 2013, he saw a reference to an item of Hakkert's on the internet and after investigating the listing, the item turned out to be over 140 written recommendations for Hakkert Strings by musicians and ensembles. When Professor Kpuferschmidt was in Paris, he purchased the recommendations and decided to write Strings and Celebrities, which contains a full Hakkert brochure from spring 1931. Each written endorsement is accompanied by a very thoroughly researched account of their careers, made by referencing a wide variety of sources. By researching each musician and even uncovering new information on many of their activities in the Netherlands, Professor Kupferschmidt hopes to understand how Jacques selected the musicians he reached out to. (Jacques was fairly successful in his selection, as information and/or clips of over 70% of the musicians featured in the brochure can still be found online today!) The brochure in Strings and Celebrities includes endorsements from Jascha Heifetz, Nathan Milstein, Pablo Casals, and Yehudi Menuhin.
Just before the war, a new Hakkert Strings factory was opened and the production shifted to mainly medical suture. In 1940, the Nazis invaded the Netherlands and shortly later bombed Rotterdam, eventually ending in the Netherlands' surrender. After the invasion, discriminatory policies against Jews, Romani and Dom (Gypsies), and other minorities were slowly introduced and by 1942 persecution and deportations began. On July 18, 1942, Jacques received a letter telling him to report to a labor camp. He went into hiding and fled to Belgium, where he had many business relations. From Belgium, he hoped to reach Switzerland, but he was caught in Brussels and eventually killed in Auschwitz.
An advertisement for "The First Dutch String Factory"
stating that their string can be used for instruments, machines, and tennis rackets
Image from Royal Library of the Netherlands
An image from 1917 of the temporary Hakkert string-making factory.
Strings are drying in the background
Image from Hakkert Rotterdam Facebook
Jacques' brother Max sadly met a similar fate. After his father's death in 1925, he took over the family music store and during his time as manager, he organized shows in the Netherlands for Louis Armstrong, Coleman Hawkins, and many other jazz musicians. Upon the German occupation, Max was forced to give up working at the shop. Max eventually tried to escape after being forced to sell his shop for close to nothing. Sadly, he was caught on the way to Switzerland and was eventually killed in the Sobibor extermination camp. His wife and daughter were able to escape and later returned to Rotterdam and rebuilt the family music shop.
Hakkert Music Store in 1993, the store closed in 2007
Shortly after Jacques fled, the string factory was taken over by Pirazzi in a deal with unknown conditions. Pirastro continued producing medical suture at the factory throughout the war, though the factory was returned to Dutch owners in a process beginning in 1945 and ending 1948. As medical suture made of gut was replaced by synthetic alternatives, the Hakkert string factory was forced to close down. But through their music shop, violins, and, of course, gut strings, the Hakkerts certainly made an impact on the music world.
If you found this blog post interesting, consider buying "Strings and Celebrities" from Pardes Publishing for $54 or a digital copy on Amazon Kindle for $27. It's possible that soon Amazon will be offering a paperback version in the North Ameerican market. I found the book to be thorough, well-researched, and enjoyable. Professor Uri Kupferschmidt combines his family's fascinating and unique history in catgut manufacturing with his knowledge of globalization, war-time economics, and marketing. It was a great book and I would recommend reading it! And if you love the history of violin, viola, and cello playing, you'll find almost 300 pages of copies of the endorsements and background information from the performers that endorsed Hakkert's gut strings. That's an amazing amount of research from Professor Kupferschmidt!
Of course, the Hakkerts' fates show the cruelty, idiocy, and eventual futility of Nazism and the Nazi's goal to eliminate Jews. Jacques Hakkert made profound contributions to the musical life of Europe and the world. His productive genius was taken away by the Nazis, but his instruments and legacy live on. We, the Jewish people, are still here and our instruments still sing. Hakkert's descendants are still here, and the Jewish communities of Israel and the Diaspora are thriving.
You can also find references to Jacques Hakkert in Jacques Didier's book "Manufactures & Maitres-Luthiers, Mirecourt 1919-1969".
We would like to thank Uri M. Kupferschmidt, the author of "Strings and Celebrities, Hakkert's "First Dutch Stringmakers" (published by Pardes Publishing ) for generously taking his time to give us feedback on this blog post and sharing some of his photographs. We have formed a new and treasured friendship.
Also, many thanks to our longtime friends Amnon and Avshalom Weinstein for providing pictures of Jacques Hakkert's first violin. They tell me they are hoping to acquire a cello made by Hakkert for their collection of Holocaust-era instruments Violins of Hope.
Labels: Dutch Jewish violin maker, gut strings, Hakkert, Holocaust violins, Kupferschmidt
All About Fingerboards!
By Andy Fein, Luthier at www.FineViolins.com
A cello fingerboard with a precisely machined metal straightedge on top. Fingerboards need a "hollow or "scoop".
The fingerboard isn't a very prominent part of the violin, but it's incredibly important and surprisingly complex. Fingerboards are constructed in a very specific way to best accommodate the modern violin and have changed a surprising amount since baroque times. Without a well-constructed, well-maintained fingerboard, your instrument can run into a lot of issues.
Labels: cello fingerboards, fingerboards, How is a violin fingerboard made?, viola fingerboards, violin fingerboards, what are cello fingerboards?, what is a fingerboard made of?, why violins don't have frets?
Online Lessons for Stringed Instruments
We know as well as anyone that learning an instrument is a massive undertaking. Even the first step, finding a teacher, can be overwhelming and difficult. They have to be in your area, someone who works well with you, and their rates have to be in your price range. That's why more and more students are trying to learn online, whether that's through Youtube videos, websites, or Skype lessons.
Nicola Benedetti's take on vibrato. You can use videos like this
to compare with what you are learning or have learned to develop your playing
And teachers! If you can develop the skills to teach online or do instructional videos (and charge for them!) you can expand your studio far beyond your geographic area and far beyond the time that you can devote to giving one-on-one lessons.
Tina Guo has some great tips & lessons on her Youtube channel
Labels: cello lessons online, Online lessons, viola lessons online, volin lessons online
E Strings & E Tuners- What's Best?
The E string. In the world of violins, violas, and cellos, only the violin has the privilege and burden to play on the highest string. What sounds best? How do you keep it in tune? How do you keep it from hissing?
Is the E the most problematic string on your violin? Yes? Don't worry, you're not alone.
An 'Evah Pirazzi loop-end E string (right) & a Thomastik 'Special Program' Gold E (left)
Labels: E string tuners, E strings, Kaplan E strings, Pirastro E strings, Pirazzi E strings, Westminster E strings, What E-string should I use?
Classical Music During the Chinese Cultural Revolution
By Andy Fein, Luthier at Fein Violins, Ltd.
In our last blog, we traced the movements of Jewish refugees into Shanghai and other Chinese cities and how these became the seeds for violin playing and Western Classical music in China. For a few decades after World War II, Western Classical music slowly took root in China. But there were many obstacles, not the least of which was the Chinese Communist Revolution and the distrust of anything non-Chinese by those that were suddenly in power. This tension came to a tragic head with the ill-conceived "Cultural Revolution". A time when many musicians had to hide their skills and when many, many violins, violas, cellos, and pianos were destroyed.
During the Cultural Revolution of China, all foreign mannerisms and culture were banned, including Western Classical music. Musicians and professors of classical music were actively persecuted and instruments were destroyed. Despite this, many people studied music secretively and a few even became professional musicians after the Cultural Revolution ended.
Image from The Red Detachment of Women, one of the operas promoting Mao and his values
Labels: Chinese Cultural Revolution, Violins in China, Western Music in China
Jewish Violinists Brought Western Classical Music to ...... China
By Andy Fein, Luthier, Fein Violins, Ltd.
At the recent Violins of Hope event, which Andy attended, the violinist Xiang Gao was invited to perform “Shalom Shanghai”, a concert and musical telling the history of the violin within China and emphasizing the importance of the Jewish people within that history. The story of Jewish refugees in China is both incredibly important and surprising. Since the story isn't told much, we thought we would share it!
Labels: Jewish refugee musicians in China, Shalom Shanghai, Western Classical Music in China
Violins of Hope- Violins From The Holocaust Refuse To Be Silenced
By Andy Fein, Luthier at Fein Violins and Ivana Truong
Several years ago I wrote a blog post about a circle of friends that extended from my hometown of Cherry Hill, NJ to St. Paul, MN to Tel Aviv, Israel. One of those in the circle was Amnon Weinstein, a wonderful violin maker and restorer, from Tel Aviv.
Violins of Hope decorated with Magen David inlays
image from Violins of Hope Pheonix website
That previous blog post was written in 2011 and mentioned a project of Amnon's restoring violins (and violas and cellos) that had been played by Holocaust victims and survivors. The instruments' survivals are a testament to the actuality of the Holocaust and to the fact that even though the Nazis tried to silence the Jewish people and our culture. THEY DID NOT SUCCEED.
Posted by The Violin Shop at 10:13 AM 0 comments
Labels: Amnon Weinstein, Shoah, violins in the Holocaust, Violins of Hope
Who Killed The Composer? Leclair's Mysterious Murder
By Andy Fein, Luthier at Fein Violins,
Who killed composer, violinist, and dance master Jean-Marie Leclair? His ex-wife? The gardener? The Duke of Gramont? His son-in-law? His younger brother? The hard part about figuring out who killed Leclair is that he was disliked by so many people that the list of possible suspects with some kind of motivation was pretty long. When he died in 1764, it seems not too many people were sorry to see him go.
Jean-Marie Leclair, the elder
A beautiful duet with Perlman and Zukerman, Leclair's "Sonata No. 5"
Labels: composer murdered, French composer & violinist, Jean-Marie Leclair
The 'Adelaide' Guadagnini - A Violin Beloved in Australia
In early February, a 1753-1757 Guadagnini violin was given on a 3-year loan to Australian violinist Natsuko Yoshimoto. Guadagnini, who we have written about previously, is considered one of the greatest Italian makers, only exceeded by Stradivarius and Del Gesu.
Natsuko Yoshimoto with 1752-57 Guadagnini "The Adelaide"
Photo by Claudio Raschella
Labels: Adelaide Gudagnini, Australian String Quartet, Guadagnini, Natsuko Yoshimoto, UKARIA
Keeping Your Musician's Body and Mind Healthy
By Andy Fein, Luthier at Fein Violins & FineViolins.com
Playing music isn't typically thought of as a physically taxing activity, but musical injuries are surprisingly common. And the mental stress of getting to the upper echelons of musicianship (and staying there) can take a tremendous toll on your mental well being. Overuse or improper use of muscles often cause injuries like Tendonitis or Carpal Tunnel and keeping yourself in the right mindset to perform at your best can be surprisingly hard. To keep playing as long as possible, it's important for all musicians to take care of their body and mind, as well as their instrument!
A bronze cast of a woman "playing" the violin which is part of the Metropolitan Museum of Art collection. In addition to not making any sound, playing the violin this way seems very uncomfortable.
Labels: Alexander Technique, Feldenkrais, Intermission Sessions, Playing Less Hurt, Yoga
Keeping Your Musician's Hands Healthy in Winter
By Andy Fein, Luthier at Fein Violins,Ltd.
If you're a musician and you live in a climate that experiences a cold and dry winter, then you know the constant fight to keep your hands and fingers from drying out, cracking, and becoming painfully stiff.
Musician's Hand Salve from Joshua Tree Skincare
I (Andy) feel eminently qualified to discuss this very subject. Because:
1) I play the violin, viola, and several other instruments.
2) My work as a violin maker/restorer causes constant roughening of my hands from tools, wood, files, and sandpaper.
3) I like to do indoor rock wall climbing as well as mountain biking all of the year.
4) I live in Saint Paul, Minnesota. As I'm writing this, the outside air temperature (without any windchill included) is about -5F (-20.5C)
5) I live in a classic Craftsman style modified bungalow house built in 1939. That means a tiny kitchen with NO DISHWASHER. Actually, if you could see me writing this, I'd say "You're looking at the dishwasher!"
Labels: Musician's hands, winter hand care
The Oldest Line of Violin Makers in America
The mid-1500s is very early in violin making history. The earliest violins, violas, and cellos still in existence were made by members of the Amati family circa 1540. So, usually, when we think of very early makers of violins, violas, and cellos, we think of Italy, Germany, and France. To that category of early makers should probably be added The Tarahumara or Raramuri, as they call themselves.
Tarahumara violin, made in the late 1800s, in the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art
Labels: Raramuri violins, Tarahumara violins
Classical Music During the Chinese Cultural Revolu...
Jewish Violinists Brought Western Classical Music ...
Violins of Hope- Violins From The Holocaust Refuse...
The 'Adelaide' Guadagnini - A Violin Beloved in Au...
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Home Car And Motors Century Painters English School Vol PDF 4eb13ade7
Century Painters English School Vol PDF 4eb13ade7
August 5, 2021 , admin01 , Comments Off on Century Painters English School Vol PDF 4eb13ade7
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A Century of Painters of the English School, Vol. 2 of 2: With Critical Notices of Their Works, and an Account of the Progress of Art in England (Classic Reprint) by by Richard Redgrave
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Malaysia is crushing thousands of illegal Bitcoin mining PCs
Crypto life Crypto Insider
Police in the Malaysian city of Miri destroyed more than $1.2 million worth of Bitcoin mining rigs after they were confiscated for operating illegally. A video clip, which depicts a steamroller running over 1,069 mining rigs, went viral on Twitter on Friday.
As Malaysian paper “The Star” reported, eight people in Miri were charged for allegedly stealing electricity to power a massive Bitcoin mining operation involving 1,069 PCs. Malaysia has recently started cracking down on countrywide electricity theft used for illegal Bitcoin mining operations.
According to the report, the Miri police and the Sarawak Energy Berhad carried out a joint operation between February and April, arresting eight individuals for allegedly stealing electricity to mine Bitcoin. The mining equipment worth about $1.25 million was confiscated afterwards.
“All seizures made in the cases that had been settled in court were disposed of at the Miri district police headquarters today,” the officials report said.
Another local media posted a video clip that showed the operation by the local police crushing the Bitcoin miners, which swiftly went viral on Twitter.
Illegal Bitcoin mining isn’t anything new in Malaysia. Back in March, a man was accused of stealing over $2.2 million worth of electricity from the Tenaga Nasional Berhad energy company. He is still on the run and wanted by the police. Mining cryptocurrency on this large of a scale requires a huge amount of power, which is an expensive investment, so electricity theft is on the rise around the world.
“The electricity theft for mining Bitcoin activities has caused frequent power outages and in 2021, three houses were razed (because of electrical fires) due to illegal electricity supply connections,” said Miri police chief ACP Hakemal Hawari to The Star.
Currently, the Miri police are working on ways to increase the detection of illegal wire connections for Bitcoin mining activities.
“A total of six people have been successfully charged under Section 379 of the Penal Code for electricity theft and have been fined up to RM8,000 and jailed for up to eight months,” Miri police chief added.
The Cambridge Center for Alternative Finance estimates that Malaysia contributed 3.44% to Bitcoin’s total monthly hashrate as of April. The country has an annual energy consumption of more than 147 terawatt-hours.
Recently, authorities in Iran have prohibited crypto mining because of fears of its impact on national infrastructure. It follows after massive blackouts in major cities over the country caused by a surge of mining.
Bitcoin CryptoPolicy EnergyConsumption HakemalHawari Malaysia mining Regulations TenagaNasionalBerhad
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Faculty of Creative Arts, Technologies & Science
The Faculty comprises the School of Media, Art & Design, the Department of Performing Arts and English, the Department of Computing & Information Systems and the Division of Science.
CATS Departments
Faculty of Education & Sport
The Faculty is based at Bedford campus with roots that go back to the founding of Bedford Training College for Teachers in 1882 and Bedford Physical Training College in 1903.
ES Departments
Faculty of Health & Social Sciences
The Faculty provides a range of health-related courses with a focus on nursing and midwifery. The Department of Applied Social Studies has rapidly come to be recognised as a centre of excellence in the study of social care and social policy.
HSS Departments
University of Bedfordshire Business School
The Business School is the largest university business school in the region with some 4000 students and over 100 teaching and research staff.
UBBS Departments
A - Z all academic departments, faculties, divisions and research institutes
Accounting & Finance, Division of
Applied Social Research, Institute of
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Business & Management Research Institute
Business Systems, Division of
Business School Projects Co-ordination Team
Computing & Information Systems, Department of
Creative Arts, Technologies & Science, Faculty of
Education, School of
Education & Sport, Faculty of
Education Studies, Division of
Excellence in Teaching & Learning, Centre for
Health & Social Sciences, Faculty of
Health Research, Institute for
Language & Communication, Division of
Law, School of
Luton Institute of Research in the Applied Natural Sciences (LIRANS)
Marketing & Entrepreneurship, Department of
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Science, Division of
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Vauxhall Centre for the Study of Crime
Work Based Learning Unit
Breo (Blackboard)
Centre for Personal & Career Development
Learning Resources Centre
UB Volunteering
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The Maid (2020): Surprising & Bloody
Posted on July 29, 2021 by eli
Should you watch the Thai horror movie, The Maid (2020) on Netflix?
I’m going to give a detailed review without spoiling too much of the plot, which is damn good, by the way.
You Can Listen to This Article
FYI, if you’re feeling too lazy to read this yourself, I recorded myself reading it and embedded the soundcloud file at the bottom of this page.
Feel free to scroll down and press play.
The Maid is a horror film that delivers in soundtrack, set and costume design, plot, character, pacing, mystery, and plenty of jump scares.
The Maid 2020 horror
Thailand’s The Maid Opening Scene
Opening scenes are important because they hook you.
Within the first 5 minutes of this Thai horror film, you already have a good grasp of the premise. By the time they put the title up on the screen – “The Maid” – you already understand the story.
Unfortunately, there are some tacky effects in The Maid’s intro. The whole monkey thing is a little goofy (photo below). Fortunately, however, we never see the little guy again.
Anyway, my point about the monkey is that Thailand is a developing country, and I guess they don’t have a Hollywood budget. So I made a decision early on to grade the special effects on a curve.
And honestly, if you’re able to overlook the low budget effects, I think you’ll find yourself pleasantly surprised with The Maid.
A not-so-scary “horror” monkey
So I definitely recommend at least watching past the start of the film.
After the unfortunate monkey business, the story starts off with a maid talking to a therapist about some hallucinations she’s had.
The therapist thinks these hallucinations are just a “manifestation of your fears.”
But we know better.
We came to watch a goddamn Thai horror movie.
We know something supernatural happened to her.
And we know that as the story unfolds, we’re going to find out what.
Cute Thai kid
The Maid (2020) Soundtrack
Audio is so clutch in the horror genre, and Bruno Brugnano‘s soundtrack is everything you’d hope for in a horror movie. It’s low and bassy during the creepy parts. At other times, piano and orchestral sounds move the story and characters forward.
At one point, Joy sings Lady Nid to sleep. The soundtrack mixes in with her lullaby beautifully.
The soundtrack ranges from classical piano to lullaby to straight horror to, yes, upbeat freestyle jazz. And it works.
The Maid (2020) Set Design
The set design was one of my favorite things about The Maid.
The colors and palate in The Maid are thoughtfully chosen. They work with the soundtrack to effectively but subtly evoke mood.
Check it out below. These photos are all from the same scene at the beginning of the movie where the new maid is traveling to the house. It all takes place in under a minute, but there’s so much design mastery to see here.
Piece of gum? Or evocative use of pale earth tones?
Just gum? Maybe, but the colors in this scene give you a distinctive feeling, especially combined with the powerful soundtrack.
Mmm…gum
There’s a sense of delicate beauty here. The gum, the color of Joy’s lipstick and skin juxtaposed with the interior of the car.
She’s got a beautiful, innocent look.
So that’s who she is, right? ‘
Just a beautiful, innocent maid?
Mr. Chai, the Door Opening Guy
The exterior of the car is black. And Chai’s entire outfit is black as he lets her out of the car. Foreshadowing?
One More for the Road
Okay, so all of those pictures above took place in under one minute. But there’s one more picture I want to show you. Look at this. The yellow and blue wallpaper and curtain juxtaposing husband and wife here are stark and evocative. The set designer manages to match the clothes that Uma and Nirach are wearing.
Set design by Nippaporn Wannamok, who is an apparent no-name, by the way, at least as far as Google is concerned. Hope he/she gets more work in the future. Brilliant. Well done.
The Maid: Costume Design
The costume design in Netflix’s The Maid is phenomenal. First of all, Uma’s outfits are always lavish and crazy. I mean, look at this shit:
Thai Actress Savika Chaiyadej
And the crazy thing is, it’s all in character. These are rich, materialistic people.
And the blue maid’s uniform also quickly becomes iconic. You can quickly identify the maids in the house.
Joy’s blue maid uniform
In fact, the costume design is so effective at making colors iconic that you can easily tell who the people are in the pictures that Nid drew.
Cute drawing, kid
The Maid: Characters
Well, as scary as the supernatural can be, it couldn’t possibly be as bad as working for this weird English speaking Russian drunk guy who Joy used to work for before, who wanted to touch her butt. And I think he wanted to do other bad stuff to her other body parts too.
Freaky Foreigners in Thailand
Good to know white people have a bad reputation everywhere…
I bring this up because Joy’s character has depth, but also her backstory isn’t overdone. At first, it’s implied with tasteful subtlety. But as the movie goes on, you start to see more and more of her life.
Joy’s a likeable protagonist, despite several personality quirks. For one thing (minor spoiler alert), it’s implied at one point in the movie that she’s kind of taking maid jobs in order to steal. That might be true, and it also might be a lie. But it adds complexity to Joy’s character.
I think it could have been very easy to screw up Joy’s character. But I think it works.
On the one hand, Joy could have been written as a total goody-two-shoes victim type, just an innocent kind of person like we are made to remember when we first see her pulling up in the black car (remember the color palate and the gum?) But that’s so boring, and so overdone.
On the other hand, if Joy had just been there to steal (or for some other nefarious/mysterious purpose), she would have been kind of one-dimensional, too. As a result, we might not have cared very much about her.
However, we have the best of both worlds. The result is a complex character who is both likeable and flawed. Joy is someone who is easy to empathize with.
Thai Horror VS Hollywood
So, are Thai horror movies better than Hollywood?
In fact, all the characters seem to have a level of depth that is often overlooked in Hollywood and other international horror movies. Everyone is morally ambiguous in one way or another, and nothing is cut and dry.
And, just like with Joy’s backstory, all of the character exposition is done tastefully. There’s no info dumps. For example, we don’t even find out anything significant about Uma (the beautiful wife/mom) until about a third of the way into the movie. And when we do, she’s instantly likeable.
The plot thickens and twists more than once, so I’m going to be really careful with what I say next. Okay, so without spoiling anything, I’ll just say Uma’s backstory is, um, really, really interesting.
Is “The Maid” Scary?
Yes…and no.
It’s not the most terrifying movie you’re ever gonna see. But if you like jump scares, you’re gonna like The Maid. There are a lot of consistently frightening jump scares. They got me every single time.
And, as I mentioned before, the incredible soundtrack really enhanced the fear factor in this film.
Thai Horror Makeup. Scary!
The Canary in the Cage
As a final easter egg, there’s a symbolic device used in The Maid about a canary in a cage.
What’s the meaning of the canary in the cage?
Without spoiling, I can only hint that it comes up more than once.
Canary in a Cage
The Maid: Spoilers Ahead
From here on, the tone of this article is going to change somewhat.
Spoilers ahead.
I toiled not to spoil the story of The Maid. So I’m not going to ruin the whole thing, even now.
However, I couldn’t end this review without writing two spoilers about the characters. They aren’t huge spoilers, but if you don’t want to ruin it, read this part afterwords.
These points are about character development.
Basically, I think it’s great that Nirach and Uma both have a chance to reconcile in the end.
Uma fails – she tells Joy the same lie.
Nirach succeeds – he’s ready to give up all his money and divorce his wife – but he’s in too deep.
The writers could have just been lazy and killed them both off without any kind of attempt at reconciliation. But the attempt at reconciliation actually makes their deaths more powerful in the end, because they introduce an element of tragedy, where otherwise we might not even care that they died.
The Bloody Horror of it all!
Raincoat in The Maid: American Psycho Reference?
While I’m spoiling, one final little easter egg: extra points for the raincoat. If it’s a nod to American Psycho, I love it. That’s one of my favorite horror movies of all time, and these two films have some features in common, especially suspension of disbelief, blood, and killing while giving a speech about music on the radio.
Also, I submit to you for your consideration that 2020’s The Maid has a lot in common with Bon Joon Ho’s 2019 award winning movie, Parasite.
Hey Paul! Aaaaah!
Conclusion: Should I Watch The Maid on Netflix?
It was really hard to write all that without totally spoiling the film. Even in the last section I managed to keep a lot of secrets.
So, what’s my conclusion?
In conclusion, yes, definitely, 2020’s The Maid is definitely worth watching. I loved it. You should definitely check it out. I do hope you’ll give it a try.
And I’ll keep my fingers crossed that you make it past the crappy monkey scene at the beginning.
Too lazy to read it yourself? Just press play. I’ll do all the heavy lifting.
Thailand’s Inhuman Kiss (2019): Romantic, Evil
Day of the Dead: Bloodline – Better Than You Think
The Rezort (2016): So Bad It’s Good
Don’t Breathe 2 (2021): Good Gore, Slipshod Sequel
Horror Thai
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Blue Skies Delta MEC Comments
Aug 16, 2019 | Air France / KLM, Alitalia, Atlantic Flying, Code Shares, Delta Air Lines, Joint Ventures, Ownership Stakes, Virgin Atlantic
Joint Application of
VIRGIN ATLANTIC AIRWAYS, LTD.
DELTA AIR LINES, INC.
SOCIÉTÉ AIR FRANCE
KONINKLIJKE LUCHTVAART MAATSCHAPPIJ N.V.
ALITALIA COMPAGNIA AEREA ITALIANA S.P.A.
for Approval of and Antitrust Immunity for Alliance Agreements under 49 U.S.C. §§ 41308 and 41309
Docket DOT-OST-2013-0068
COMMENT OF THE DELTA MASTER EXECUTIVE COUNCIL
OF THE AIR LINE PILOTS ASSOCIATON, INTERNATIONAL
Communications with respect to this document should be addressed to:
Ryan S. Schnitzler
Air Line Pilots Association, International
100 Hartsfield Center Parkway, Suite 800
Ryan.Schnitzler@alpa.org
Kathy.Hunt@alpa.org
On behalf of the more than 14,000 pilots who fly for Delta Air Lines, Inc., the Air Line Pilots Association, International’s Delta Master Executive Council (MEC) respectfully submits this comment in response to the United States (US) Department of Transportation’s (Department) Order to Show Cause,[1] tentatively approving, and tentatively granting global antitrust immunity (ATI) to, the Amended and Restated Transatlantic Joint Venture Agreement (Amended JVA) submitted by Delta, Air France, KLM, and Virgin Atlantic (collectively, the Joint Applicants). Due to serious concerns raised by the inequitable allocation of service growth within the existing immunized alliance between Delta and Virgin Atlantic (Delta-Virgin joint venture), the MEC urges the Department to condition final approval of the Amended JVA on mandatory time-limited review of the alliance’s impact on the balance of Delta-operated flying opportunities and US aviation jobs in joint venture markets.
In 2013, the Delta MEC expressed strong support for the Delta-Virgin joint venture on the basis that it would “produce new flying opportunities for Delta and its employees”—and thereby grow and enhance US job and career opportunities—through expanded service offerings between the US and the United Kingdom (UK). MEC Answer[2] at 2-3. Nearly six years later, the promised growth in US-UK services has accrued almost exclusively to Virgin, and the promised US job and career opportunities predicated on Delta operational expansion in that market have failed to materialize. In fact, Delta-operated flying in the critical New York-London market has actually decreased since the Delta-Virgin joint went into effect. This use of the JV mechanism to effectively outsource Delta flying to a foreign carrier whose flight crews work under substantially less favorable wages and work rules is fundamentally inconsistent with the Department’s public interest objectives of strengthening the competitive position of US air carriers relative to foreign air carriers, and encouraging fair wages and working conditions. 49 U.S.C. §§ 40101(a)(5), (a)(15) and (e)(1).
Because of the manner in which the Delta-Virgin joint venture has been used, the MEC has serious concerns that, if approved, the Amended JVA might be deployed to similar effect. Specifically, the agreement significantly reduces Delta’s financial incentive to expand its own operations in the Amended JVA markets and gives the Joint Applicants latitude to grow non-US carrier transatlantic[3] operations exclusively for years before requiring any corresponding growth in US-staffed Delta-operated transatlantic services. Therefore, absent a meaningful commitment from Delta to grow its joint venture service offerings equitably with those of its alliance partners, the Delta MEC believes that additional conditions are necessary to ensure the promised benefits of the alliance are realized by US aviation employees. Specifically, should the Department grant final approval of, and ATI to, the Amended JV, the Delta MEC respectfully requests that the Department expand the scope of its proposed 5-year review, see Order at 12-13, in the manner described below to assess the balance of flying opportunities generated under the alliance and the related impact on US aviation jobs. In addition, the MEC respectfully urges the Department to require an interim review on December 31, 2019 to evaluate whether satisfactory progress is being made towards those objectives.
A. Legal Standard
The Department’s two-step analysis to review an application for antitrust immunity involves both a (i) “competitive effects analysis” and (ii) “public benefits analysis” under 49 U.S.C. §§ 41308 and 401309, respectively. SeeOrder at 4. In conducting its public interest analysis, the Department’s policy is to strengthen the competitive position of US air carriers relative to foreign air carriers, and to encourage fair wages and working conditions. 49 U.S.C. §§ 40101 (a)(5), (a)(15), and (e)(1).
Unlike codesharing, where each partner maintains its own profit motives, and the incentive to operate its own flights, a metal neutral joint venture significantly reduces those incentives. Approval of and antitrust immunity for the joint venture would allow the partner carriers to act commercially as one. As explained by the Joint Applicants:
The Amended JVA … establishes[es] detailed governance and settlement mechanisms among the Parties for sharing profits/losses, coordinating their commercial activities, and implementing coordinated sales and strategies pursuant to which the joint venture partners are fully incentivized to (i) flow traffic to one another without regard to which joint venture is operating the flight and (ii) to take advantage of new market opportunities.
Joint Motion at 14.
When alliance partners share equally in the growth enabled by an immunized alliance, they can protect, enhance, and grow US jobs and careers. However, those objectives are not served by a joint venture that fails to ensure an equitable production balance and equitable growth among partner carriers and effectively enables the outsourcing of US aviation jobs to a foreign partner.[4]
B. Delta-Operated US-UK Services and US Aviation Workers Have Been Excluded from the Benefits of the Delta-Virgin Joint Venture.
In September 2013, the Department approved, and granted ATI to, the Delta-Virgin joint venture, which covers air transportation between the US and UK. Order at 2. During the pendency of the Delta-Virgin application, the Delta MEC filed in support of the joint venture with the understanding that the alliance would produce “new flying opportunities for Delta pilots and flight crews” through expanded capacity in the US-UK market and that the resulting “[n]ew flights [would be] equitably apportioned” between Delta and Virgin. MEC Answer at 3.[5]
However, nearly six years later, the promised equitable growth has failed to materialize and Virgin’s JV service offerings have increased in lieu of, and sometimes even at the expense of Delta’s US-UK operations. As shown in Figure 1, below, Virgin’s total block hours in 2018 between the US and the UK increased 33% over those flown in 2013, the year before the Delta-Virgin joint venture went into effect. Over the same period of time, Delta’s US-UK block hours have increased by just 2%. Moreover, as shown in Figure 2, below, Delta’s total scheduled frequencies between the US and London Heathrow (LHR) have increased only marginally under the joint venture, from 6,341 in 2013 to 6,492 in 2018. In contrast, Virgin’s total scheduled LHR-US operations grew from 8,174 frequencies in 2013 to 11,453 frequencies in 2018.
Source: Official Airline Guide (OAG) (data load date 02 Jun 2019)
Source: OAG (data load date 02 Jun 2019)
Furthermore, under the Delta-Virgin joint venture, the number of Delta-operated daily flights in the all-important New York (JFK)-LHR market has actually decreased. As shown in Figure 3—a figure from the Joint Motion depicting a “before-and-after snapshot of London Heathrow to New York JFK,” Joint Motion at 21—prior to the joint venture, Delta and Virgin each operated three daily flights from LHR to JFK. At that time, MEC was told that, with the joint venture in place, “[t]ogether Delta and Virgin w[ould] provide 9 well-timed flights, with Delta and Virgin each maintaining all of their current frequencies and optimizing schedules to achieve better time of day coverage.” MEC Answer at 3. As the right-hand column of Figure 3 shows, however, Delta’s pilots did not in fact “maintain[ ] all of their [pre-joint venture] frequencies.” Rather, even as the total number of joint venture LHR-JFK flights increased from six to eight, the number of LHR-JFK operated by Delta was reduced from three to two.
Thus, the Delta-Virgin joint venture enabled Delta to participate in the financial benefits of expanded US-UK services without producing any corresponding growth in US aviation job and career opportunities.
By using the joint venture to outsource Delta flying to a foreign carrier with less favorable wages and working conditions, the Joint Applicants have effectively used the immunized alliance mechanism to engage in labor arbitrage. Among other disparities, Virgin pilots who fly between the US and UK are compensated at a significantly lower rates than are Delta pilots. In addition, all of Delta’s US-UK operations are currently staffed by a three-pilot crew, while the majority of Virgin’s flights between the US and UK are crewed by just two pilots.[6] Thus, in allocating joint venture capacity growth almost exclusively to Virgin, Delta has utilized the alliance mechanism to functionally reduce labor costs and circumvent the higher negotiated labor standards to which it agreed in its pilot collective bargaining agreement. Such conduct is fundamentally inconsistent with the Department’s public interest objectives of encouraging fair wages and working conditions.
The developments described above call into question whether or not the Delta-Virgin arrangement ultimately satisfied the Department’s public interest objectives at 49 U.S.C. §§ 40101(a)(5), (a)(15) and (e)(1).
C. Absent Conditions, US Aviation Workers Risk Being Excluded from Flying Opportunities and Growth Under the Amended JVA.
The Joint Applicants seeking to amend Order 2013-9-14 (approving and immunizing the Delta-Virgin alliance) to include their new Amended JVA among the list of agreements approved and immunized by that order. Order at 3. The Amended JVA consolidates Delta’s current joint ventures with Virgin, KLM, and Air France into a single agreement. Id. at 12. As the Joint Applicants have explained, under the Amended JVA,
The Partners split the incremental JV contribution, defined as the difference between settlement and baseline period contributions, with DL and AFKL each receiving 40 percent and VS receiving 20 percent. The profit sharing mechanism … creates economic incentives for each Partner to seek to maximize the profits of the JV as opposed to its own individual profits.
Joint Motion, Appendix 3, at 13 n.35.
The Joint Applicants have argued that their request “raises no labor issues” and assert that “the long-term impact of the transaction will be positive for all existing employees and for the creation of new jobs, and no significant impact on unionized employees is anticipated.” Joint Motion, Appendix 4 at 7. Unfortunately, the carriers’ track record with respect to the Delta-Virgin joint venture, the continuing disparity in wage rates labor standards between Delta and Virgin flight crews, and the structure of the Amended JVA itself, call those claims into question.[7]
Of particular concern is the fact that Delta’s existing share of the Joint Applicants’ transatlantic capacity far exceeds the 40% of incremental profits to which it would be entitled under the Amended JVA’s profit-sharing mechanism. According to scheduled OAG data, Delta flying will represent 50.0% of the Joint Applicants’ total block hours and 42.5% of the Joint Applicants total available seat miles (ASMs) in the transatlantic market in 2019.[8] This disparity between Delta’s existing capacity and its share of incremental profits under the Amended JVA settlement mechanism significantly reduces any incentive Delta would have to continue to grow its own operations or maintain its existing share of flying relative to the other Joint Applicants. The MEC is therefore concerned that the Amended JVA could expose Delta’s pilots to a scenario where—as happened under the Delta-Virgin joint venture—Delta’s own flying in the Amended JVA markets remains static for multiple years while its partner carrier operations in those markets continue to expand. Thus, Delta would be able to reap the financial benefits of the Amended JVA without any corresponding job and career growth and opportunities for Delta employees.
As such, in the absence of any meaningful commitments from Delta to grow its joint venture service offerings equitably with its alliance partners, there remain serious questions about whether the Amended JVA will satisfy the Department’s public interest objectives at 49 U.S.C. §§ 40101(a)(5), (a)(15) and (e)(1) of strengthening the competitive position of US carriers and encouraging fair wages and working conditions. The Delta MEC therefore believes that, should the Department finalize its approval of and grant of ATI to the Amended JV, additional conditions are necessary to ensure the promised benefits of the alliance related to expanded US carrier operations and corresponding growth in job and career opportunities for US aviation workers are in fact realized.
In particular, like the risks to competition identified by the Department, see Order at 12, the risks the Amended JVA poses to the balance of Delta-operated capacity in the transatlantic market and associated job and career opportunities for US aviation workers “warrant a time-limited review.” Order at 12. Accordingly, the Delta MEC respectfully urges that the Department’s proposed 5-year review requirement be adopted and expanded to specifically inquire into (1) how the alliance has affected the balance of flying between US and foreign carriers in joint venture markets, including how the Joint Applicants have allocated growth in those markets, and (2) the impact of the alliance on US airline jobs and career opportunities related to transatlantic flying. The review should quantitatively document the Amended JVA’s impact on US labor and US carrier operations in the US-UK and US-European Union markets, including through calculation of frequencies, block hours, and ASMs generated by Delta under the joint venture, Delta’s joint venture operations and capacity relative to the other Joint Applicants, and Delta’s absolute and relative share of incremental flying opportunities realized under the joint venture.
In addition, the MEC respectfully urges the Department to require an interim review of the Amended JVA on December 31, 2019 to assess the steps taken by the alliance toward an equitable allocation of joint venture flying growth to US-staffed Delta operations, particularly with respect to scheduled operations for the 2020 Summer season. This should include, at minimum, confirmation that Delta’s third JFK-LHR frequency has been restored, that the total number of transatlantic frequencies scheduled to be operated by Delta in 2020 meets or exceeds those operated by Delta in 2019, and that Delta will generate an equitable share of any new flying scheduled to be initiated under the joint venture. As planning is now underway for the Summer 2020 schedules, imposing this requirement now will give Delta ample notice and opportunity to make any necessary adjustments to its network to achieve the interim goals identified above.[9]
For the reasons set forth above, the Delta MEC believes that additional conditions are necessary to ensure that Delta-operated services and US aviation workers do in fact realize the promised benefits of the Amended JVA. The MEC therefore respectfully urges the Department to expand the scope of its proposed 5-year review of the Amended JVA to assess its impact on US aviation jobs and the balance of flying and growth opportunities generated in joint venture markets, and to impose an interim review of the Amended JVA on December 31, 2019 to ensure that satisfactory progress is being made on those metrics.
[1] Order 2019-8-2, DOT-OST-2013-0068-0074 (Aug. 2, 2019) (Order).
[2] Answer of the Delta Master Executive Council of the Air Line Pilots Association, International in Support of Delta and Virgin Atlantic, DOT 2013-0068-0022 (June 4, 2013) (MEC Answer).
[3] As used in this Comment, the term “transatlantic” refers to the Amended JVA’s “Bundle 1” routings, i.e., (i) travel between North America and Europe, and (ii) travel between North America and French Polynesia. See Joint Motion to Amend Order 2013-9-14 to Approve and Extend Antitrust Immunity to Amended and Restated TransAtlantic Joint Venture Agreement, DOT-OST-2013-0068-0033 (July 20, 2018) (Joint Motion), Appendix 2 at 2.
[4] Elsewhere, Delta has calculated that “every daily international roundtrip flying lost” by a US carrier due to route displacement by a foreign carrier equates to “a net loss of more than 1,500 US jobs.” Partnership for Open & Fair Skies, Subsidized Expansion by Qatar, Etihad and Emirates Threatens US Airline Jobs, http://www.openandfairskies.com (last visited Aug. 12, 2019).
[5] See also Joint Application for Approval of Antitrust Immunity for Alliance Agreements, DOT-OST-2013-0068-0001 (Apr. 8, 2013), at 33 & n. 57 (asserting “significant public benefits” from the Delta-Virgin joint venture on the basis that “Each new route added by the Joint Venture will create in excess of $150 million in value to the U.S. economy and U.S. aviation interests”); id., Appendix A, at 1 (describing the Delta-Virgin joint venture agreement as providing for “Equitable allocation of future Joint Venture capacity growth taking int account aircraft availability and the optimal economic outcome for the Joint Venture”).
[6] Virgin rosters a third pilot only when a flight would require a pilot to be in an operating position in excess of 9 hours and 30 minutes. Virgin Atlantic Pilot Scheduling Agreement (Nov. 2017), § 4.2.1–.2. Even where Virgin flights are staffed by augmented crews, Virgin’s A332 and A333 aircraft have no crew rest facility on board, nor is the third pilot guaranteed a cabin seat that would allow for meaningful respite from the flight deck. Contrast Delta Pilot Working Agreement § 16 (providing for crew rest through dedicated rest facilities and/or partitioned first class seating on all Delta aircraft that perform transatlantic operations).
[7] The Joint Applicants’ claims that the Amended JVA will have “no significant impact on unionized employees” are also belied by Delta’s numerous recent violations of its pilot contract in connection with other Delta joint ventures. In particular, since 2016, Delta has committed eight (8) contract violations related to its code share, equity stake and joint venture with Aeromexico and fourteen (14) contract violations related to its joint venture with Korean Air.
[8] OAG (data load date 14 July 2019).
[9] Delta has already announced plans to resume its third JFK-LHR frequency effective March 28, 2020, and should therefore have no objection to providing the Department with confirmation on December 31, 2019 that those plans will in fact come to fruition. See Delta News Hub, Delta, Virgin Atlantic boost summer flying between U.S. and U.K. in 2020(Aug. 15, 2019), available at
https://news.delta.com/delta-virgin-atlantic-boost-summer-flying-between-us-and-uk-2020.
Ryan Schnitzler,
I hereby certify that on December 11, 2019, the foregoing document was served on the following persons via the email addresses listed below in accordance with the Department’s Rules of Practice:
Air France-KLM
charles.donley@pillsburylaw.com
edward.sauer@ pillsburylaw.com
dheffernan@cozen.com
robert.wirick@aa.com
james.kaleigh@aa.com
bruce.wark@aa.com
Atlas Air
rpopper@atlasair .com
alex.krulic@delta.com
chris.walker@delta.com
steven.seiden@delta.com
robert.cohn@hoganlovells.com
patrick.rizzi@hoganlovells.com
perkmann@cooley.com
kevin.montgomery@polaraircarrier.com
bob.kneisley@wnco.com
leslie.abbott@wnco.com
dkirstein@yklaw.com
dan.weiss@united.com
steve.morrissey@united.com
abried@jenner.com
aarshad@ienner.com
anita.mosner@hklaw.com
julian.homerstone@fly.virgin.com
michael.lukes@fly.virgin.com
State/FAA/DOT/DOJ
forsbergap@state.gov
john.s.duncan@faa.gov
joel.szabat@dot.gov
david.short@dot.gov
cindy.baraban@dot.gov
todd.homar@dot.gov
peter.irvine@dot.gov
albert.muldoon@dot.gov
jason.horner@dot.gov
don.horn@dot.gov
brian.hedberg@dot.gov
benjamin.taylor@dot.gov
joseph.landart@dot.gov
brett.kruger@dot.gov
kathleen.oneill@usdoj.gov
caroline.laise@usdoj.gov
Airlinelnfo
info@airlineinfo.com
Ryan Schnitzler
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définition - Solar_Energy_Generating_Systems
Solar Energy Generating Systems
"SEGS" redirects here. For the airport with that ICAO code, see Seymour Airport.
Aerial view showing portions of four of the five SEGS III–VII plants located at Kramer Junction
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Solar Energy Generating Systems (SEGS), at 354 MW, is the largest solar energy generating facility in the world. It consists of nine solar power plants in California's Mojave Desert, where insolation is among the best available in the United States. SEGS I–II (44 MW) are located at Daggett (34°51′45″N 116°49′45″W / 34.8625°N 116.82917°W / 34.8625; -116.82917), SEGS III–VII (150 MW) are installed at Kramer Junction, and SEGS VIII–IX (160 MW) are placed at Harper Lake.(35°02′N 117°21′W / 35.033°N 117.35°W / 35.033; -117.35)[1] NextEra Energy Resources operates and partially owns the plants located at Kramer Junction and Harper Lake.
1 Plants' scale and operations
2 Principle of operation
2.1 Mirrors
2.2 Heat transfer
3 Individual locations
3.1 Harper Lake
3.2 Kramer Junction
3.3 Daggett
4 Accidents and incidents
Plants' scale and operations
Close-up aerial view. Note that several of the mirrors have been broken
The plants have a 354 MW installed capacity, making it the largest installation of solar plants of any kind in the world.[1] The average gross solar output for all nine plants at SEGS is around 75 MWe — a capacity factor of 21%. In addition, the turbines can be utilized at night by burning natural gas.
NextEra claims that the solar plants power 232,500 homes (during the day, at peak power) and displace 3,800 tons of pollution per year that would have been produced if the electricity had been provided by fossil fuels, such as oil.[2]
The facilities have a total of 936,384 mirrors and cover more than 1,600 acres (6.5 km2). Lined up, the parabolic mirrors would extend over 229 miles (370 km).
As an example of cost, in 2002, one of the 30 MW Kramer Junction sites required $90 million to construct, and its operation and maintenance cost is about $3 million per year (4.6 cents per kilowatt hour).[3]
Principle of operation
Sketch of a Parabolic Trough Collector
The installation uses parabolic trough solar thermal technology along with natural gas to generate electricity. 90% of the electricity is produced by the sunlight. Natural gas is only used when the solar power is insufficient to meet the demand from Southern California Edison, the distributor of power in southern California.
The parabolic mirrors are shaped like a half-pipe. The sun shines onto the panels made of glass, which are 94% reflective, unlike a typical mirror, which is only 70% reflective. The mirrors automatically track the sun throughout the day. The greatest source of mirror breakage is wind, with 3000 typically replaced each year. Operators can turn the mirrors to protect them during intense wind storms. An automated washing mechanism is used to periodically clean the parabolic reflective panels.
The sunlight bounces off the mirrors and is directed to a central tube filled with synthetic oil, which heats to over 400 °C (750 °F). The reflected light focused at the central tube is 71 to 80 times more intense than the ordinary sunlight. The synthetic oil transfers its heat to water, which boils and drives the Rankine cycle steam turbine,[4] thereby generating electricity. Synthetic oil is used to carry the heat (instead of water) to keep the pressure within manageable parameters.
Individual locations
The SEGS power plants were built by Luz Industries,[4][5] and commissioned between 1984 and 1991. After Luz Industries bankruptcy in 1991 plants were sold to various investor groups as individual projects and expansion including three more plants was halted.
Kramer Junction employs about 95 people and 45 people work at Harper Lake.
SEGS plant history and operational data
Net turbine
Gross solar production
of electricity (MWh)
(m²)
SEGS I 1984 Daggett 14 82,960 307 19,261 22,510 25,055 16,927 23,527 21,491
SEGS II 1985 Daggett 30 165,376 316 25,085 23,431 38,914 43,862 39,156
SEGS III 1986 Kramer Jct. 30 230,300 349 49,444 61,475 63,096 69,410
SEGS IV 1986 Kramer Jct. 30 230,300 349 52,181 64,762 70,552 74,661
SEGS V 1987 Kramer Jct. 30 250,500 349 62,858 65,280 72,449
SEGS VI 1988 Kramer Jct. 30 188,000 390 48,045 62,690
SEGS VII 1988 Kramer Jct. 30 194,280 390 38,868 57,661
SEGS VIII 1989 Harper Lake 80 464,340 390 114,996
SEGS IX 1990 Harper Lake 80 483,960 390 5,974
Total production (MWh) 19,261 47,595 150,111 244,937 353,230 518,487
Sources: Solargenix Energy,[6] KJC Operating Company,[7] IEEE,[8] NREL[9][10]
average 1998–2002
SEGS I 20,252 17,938 20,368 20,194 19,800 19,879 19,228 18,686 11,250 17,235 17,947 17,402 16,500 331,550
SEGS II 35,168 32,481 36,882 36,566 35,853 35,995 34,817 33,836 33,408 31,207 32,497 31,511 32,500 549,159
SEGS III 60,134 48,702 58,248 56,892 56,663 64,170 64,677 70,598 70,689 65,994 69,369 66,125 68,555 995,686
SEGS IV 64,600 51,007 58,935 57,795 54,929 61,970 64,503 71,635 71,142 63,457 64,842 70,313 68,278 1,017,283
SEGS V 59,009 55,383 67,685 66,255 63,757 71,439 75,936 75,229 70,293 73,810 71,826 73,235 72,879 1,014,444
SEGS VI 64,155 47,087 55,724 56,908 63,650 71,409 70,019 67,358 71,066 68,543 67,339 64,483 67,758 878,476
SEGS VII 58,373 46,940 54,110 53,251 61,220 70,138 69,186 67,651 66,258 64,195 64,210 62,196 65,048 834,986
SEGS VIII 102,464 109,361 130,999 134,578 133,843 139,174 136,410 137,905 135,233 140,079 137,754 138,977 137,990 1,691,773
SEGS IX 144,805 129,558 130,847 137,915 138,959 141,916 139,697 119,732 107,513 128,315 132,051 137,570 125,036 1,594,852
Total 608,960 538,458 613,798 620,358 628,674 676,091 674,473 662,631 636,851 652,835 657,834 662,542 8,967,123
Sources: Solargenix Energy,[11] KJC Operating Company,[7] IEEE,[12] NREL[13][14]
Harper Lake
SEGS VIII and SEGS IX, located at 35°01′54″N 117°20′53″W / 35.0316°N 117.348°W / 35.0316; -117.348 (SEGS VIII and IX), are the largest solar power plants individually and collectively in the world.[15] They were the last, the largest, and the most advanced of the nine plants at SEGS, designed to take advantage of the economies of scale. Construction of the tenth plant in the same locality was halted because of the bankruptcy of Luz Industries. Construction of the approved eleventh and twelfth plants never started. Each of the three planned plants had 80 MW of installed capacity.[16]
Kramer Junction
This location (35°00′51″N 117°33′32″W / 35.0142°N 117.559°W / 35.0142; -117.559 (SEGS III–VII)) receives an average of 340 days of sunshine per year, which makes it an ideal place for solar power generation. The average direct normal radiation (DNR) is 7.44 kWh/m²/day (310 W/m²),[7] one of the best in the nation.
SEGS I and II are located at 34°51′47″N 116°49′37″W / 34.8631°N 116.827°W / 34.8631; -116.827 (SEGS I and II).
Accidents and incidents
In February 1999, a 900,000-US-gallon (3,400 m3) therminol storage tank exploded at the SEGS II (Daggett) solar power plant, sending flames and smoke into the sky. Authorities were trying to keep flames away from two adjacent containers that held sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide. The immediate area of 0.5 square miles (1.3 km2) was evacuated.[17]
Renewable energy portal
List of concentrating solar thermal power companies
List of photovoltaic power stations
List of solar thermal power stations
Parabolic trough
Renewable energy in the United States
Renewable portfolio standard
Solar power in the United States
Solar power plants in the Mojave Desert
Solar thermal energy
^ a b The Energy Blog: About Parabolic Trough Solar
^ "Solar Electric Generating System" (PDF). http://www.nexteraenergyresources.com/content/where/portfolio/pdf/segs.pdf. Retrieved 2009-12-13.
^ Reducing the Cost of Energy from Parabolic Trough Solar Power Plants, NREL, 2003
^ a b "Solar thermal power generation". Solel Solar Systems Ltd. Archived from the original on 2008-06-01. http://web.archive.org/web/20080601185224/http://www.solel.com/products/pgeneration/ls2/. Retrieved 2010-09-30.
^ Alexis Madrigal (November 16, 2009). "Crimes Against the Future: The Demise of Luz". Inventing Green. http://www.greentechhistory.com/2009/11/the-bankruptcy-of-luz/. Retrieved 30 September 2010.
^ Cohen, Gilbert (2006). "Nevada First Solar Electric Generating System" (PDF). IEEE May Technical Meeting. Las Vegas, Nevada: Solargenix Energy. p. 10. http://ewh.ieee.org/r6/las_vegas/IEEELASVEGASMAY2006.pdf
^ a b c Frier, Scott (1999). "An overview of the Kramer Junction SEGS recent performance" (PDF). Parabolic Trough Workshop. Ontario, California: KJC Operating Company. http://www.nrel.gov/csp/troughnet/pdfs/1999_kjc.pdf
^ Kearney, D. (August 1989). "Solar Electric Generating Stations (SEGS)". IEEE Power Engineering Review (IEEE) 9 (8): 4–8. DOI:10.1109/MPER.1989.4310850.
^ Price, Hank (2002). "Parabolic trough technology overview" (PDF). Trough Technology - Algeria. NREL. p. 9. http://www.ornl.gov/sci/engineering_science_technology/world/renewable/Trough%20Technology%20-%20Algeria2.pdf
^ Solar Electric Generating Station IX
^ Jones, J. (2000), "Solar Trough Power Plants", National Renewable Energy Laboratory. Retrieved 2010-01-04.
^ California Energy Commission - Large Solar Energy Projects
^ Storage Tank at Solar Power Plant in Desert Explodes; Immediate Area Is Evacuated
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Coordinates: 35°01′N 117°34′W / 35.017°N 117.567°W / 35.017; -117.567
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japanese ice cream that doesn't melt
part may be reproduced without the written permission. Polyphenol liquid stops the oil and water from separating so quickly which means they can stay frozen - even if you blow a hair dryer at them, reports suggest. The product can last three hours at room temperature with hardly any melting, The Times reported. Camel-inspired material that mimics the way the animals control their body temperature could keep buildings,... What will your area look like in 2100? Your opinions are important to us. The chef tried to use the strawberries in other ways, and at one point, complained that they caused the cream to solidify. Some customers would hold their ice cream for many minutes in direct sunlight to see if it will melt. Every item on this page was chosen by an ELLE editor. You may be able to find the same content in another format, or you may be able to find more information, at their web site. But if 2017 has taught us anything it's that nothing is impossible. At that moment, the scientists knew they had something.
If you told me a year ago that I'd witness a White House press conference in which a Presidential representative actuallied the Statue of Liberty, I would have laughed in your face. As of today, though, that may no longer be an issue. Hearing of the complaint, a team at Kanazawa University took a closer look and discovered that a compound called polyphenol in the strawberries was responsible for solidifying the cream. 'Lucky I was there!' Apparently the ice cream, sold at Kanazawa Ice, retained its shape even after five minutes of being blasted by a hair dryer. This news comes on the heals of a story out of Australia involving ice cream sandwiches that also don't melt in the sun. Japanese strawberry farmers needed to sell their produce, but the fruit was not attractively shaped. They’ve invented one that doesn’t melt. Something went wrong. A group of scientists created this ice-cream. Researchers tested the ice cream by blowing hot air on it for five minutes using a hairdryer. This content is created and maintained by a third party, and imported onto this page to help users provide their email addresses. "Polyphenol liquid has properties to make it difficult for water and oil to separate so that a popsicle containing it will be able to retain the original shape of the cream for a longer time than usual and be hard to melt," developer Tomihisa Ota of Kanazawa University told Asahi. Japan's Biotherapy Development Research Centre has reportedly created ice cream that doesn't melt by adding polyphenol, a liquid extracted from strawberries, to cream.
So I welcome Japan's non-melting ice cream with open arms. Popsicles were discovered by a guy who left his soda-making equipment out in the cold. We all love Ice cream and it loves us (except for those that are lactose intolerant, you have our sympathies).Scientists in Japan have come up with a ‘cool’ solution to stop ice cream from melting before you have had time to finish it. Get weekly and/or daily updates delivered to your inbox. What do you want the president to prioritize in the next four years? We are no longer accepting comments on this article. Click here to sign in with To disperse the crop, a […] Food and Wine presents a new network of food pros delivering the most cookable recipes and delicious ideas online. Local media picked up the story, and soon, the news spread around the world. Moment woman is 'robbed' in the street, Man drenches road with flammable liquids after 'police station rammed', Bob Stewart tells harrowing story of Ballykelly bombing, Body of rapper Mo3 lies on Dallas highway after he was shot dead, Guilty corgi stares at owner with shaky leg after wrongdoing, Chinese engineer builds colossal 2,618ft long bridge on steep cliff, London: Pub installs phone on bar so customers can order drinks, Police swoop on village and fire rubber bullets to take down man, Dramatic moment police swoop and remove XR protest on the Cenotaph, Extinction Rebellion activists hijack Cenotaph on Remembrance Day, Officers appear to hold man after car 'rammed into police station', Onlooker screams as man waves 'gun' outside window in Leicestershire.
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Even better, it was all an accident.
Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. The comments below have not been moderated. To test the new ice cream's structure, a Japanese reporter held out one of the ice cream pops in 82 degree heat for five minutes and the frozen treat both “retained its original shape” and even still tasted cool. Because the extract is completely natural, it did not require testing by health inspectors—instead, it was made available to local shop owners who gladly began selling the ice cream in prepressed shapes on sticks or forms to customers who were more than happy to try it. Reseachers at Japan’s Biotherapy Development Research Centre were asked by a pastry chef to create a brand new dessert using polyphenol, a liquid extracted from strawberries. Despite the new technology, these popsicles are reasonably priced, selling for approximately $4.50 a pop. Currently, it is only for sale in Japan. What a stupid question! A pastry chef was handed a seemingly insignificant task. Adding the substance to ice cream, they realized, allowed the desert to keep its shape for much longer than usual. Credit: Sign up for the Fatherly newsletter to get original articles and expert advice about parenting, fitness, gear, and more in your inbox every day. Looking to amp up your beef stew but unsure where to start? Longer ice cream season for everyone! or, August 7, 2017 AI seems to permeate every part of its software, from the ability to answer calls for you to being able to almost perfectly predict your morning commute. A strawberry extract stops the oil and water from separating so quickly which means the sweet treat stays frozen - even if you blow a hair dryer at them, reports suggest. Oops! Many of history’s greatest culinary inventions happened by accident. IVF Will Be Publicly Funded in Quebec — Proving Canada Is The Best, 3 Ways Biden Can Strengthen Laws Protecting Assault Victims In Schools, Key West Voters Approve Historic Ban on Large Cruise Ships. The ice cream reportedly came about by mistake after a chef in Japan was asked to find a way to use strawberries grown in areas impacted by the earthquake and tsunami back in 2011—they wouldn't grow in a normal shape, so customers wouldn't buy them. By using our site, you acknowledge that you have read and understand our Privacy Policy Your feedback will go directly to Science X editors. Food & Wine is part of the Meredith Corporation Allrecipes Food Group. The ice cream retains its original shape in 28°C (82.4 F) weather and still tastes 'cool', according to the report. Life literally cannot get any weirder (she says, tempting fate). Give us a little more information and we'll give you a lot more relevant content, Oops! On one hand, the XR lacks the high-resolution screen and dual-lens camera on the XS. but it is $250 cheaper and still get most of the other cutting-edge features found on the more expensive model. Get the best of Fatherly in your inbox, Watch Alex Trebek Dropping the F-Bomb In TV Promo Bloopers, For First Time In 150 Years, There Will Be No Macy's Santa In NYC, Study Shows Kids Watching Too Much TV Is Bad For Their Parent's Health. Polyphenol liquid has properties to make it difficult for water and oil to separate,” Tomihisa Ota, a professor at Kanazawa University, was quoted as saying.
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japanese ice cream that doesn't melt 2020
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MEET OUR FINALISTS
KHAYE CELINE MAGGAY
HAPPIEST PINOY – YOUTH
At a very young age, Khaye Celine has fought her way through life. She has been constantly bullied by other kids due to her disfigured hands and feet caused by a hereditary disease. Living on a day to day basis, Khaye would scavenge used nails and scrap metals on the streets to help her parents provide food for the family. Determined to rise above life’s challenges, she believes that life has something good to offer. Today, she is a scholar taking up Bachelor of Science degree in Management Accounting at University of Makati while serving as the youngest pastor in their ministry.
FRANCISCA TUMAMPIL
HAPPIEST PINOY – SENIOR CITIZEN
Francisca is married with 3 children (2 sons and 1 daughter), of which, the eldest is born with special needs. Francisca didn’t give up on raising her son, this required a lot of patience and hard work -- she would often multi-task: she would take care of the needs of her son while aspiring to become a great teacher. As a seasoned teacher in Koronadal, South Cotabato, Francisca has organized literacy programs for our Muslim brothers and sisters in the region and continues to serve the community as head of the Office of Senior Citizens Affairs handling 27 barangay chapters. Through her efforts, Francisca was able to provide opportunities to senior citizens through various livelihood programs.
JAYSON DELA FUENTE
HAPPIEST PINOY – PERSONS WITH DISABILITY (PWD)
Born to an impoverished family in Negros Occidental with no access to public healthcare and free vaccinations, Jayson Dela Fuente was afflicted with polio during infancy. Determined to rise above poverty, Jayson pursued his education taking on odd jobs, while supporting his family and nine other siblings. After years of hard work, Jayson is now a teacher with a master’s degree in Education major in General Science and will pursue his doctoral degree in Education.
HERCULES SORINGA
HAPPIEST PINOY – MANGGAGAWANG PINOY
Hercules story has been featured in an MMK episode entitled “Alkansya” that made him known as Tatay Hercules. He has three children wherein the second child named Huggy, undergone three heart surgeries due to Congenital Heart disease while the youngest one died because of pulmonary stenosis. Despite these challenges, he focuses on the positive side of the situation by appreciating those people who helped him in fulfilling his role as a father. Because of this, he becomes someone who doesn’t forget to give back to the community. He became a volunteer in Tacloban for Typhoon Yolanda victims, a volunteer in relief operations in Bohol, and a volunteer Reservist to the Philippine Airforce participating in disaster relief and recovery efforts.
ZALDY BUENO
HAPPIEST PINOY – PROFESSIONAL
Some people dream of success while others wake up and work hard at it, this adage perfectly describe the story of Zaldy Bueno of Gumaca, Quezon Province. He even stopped his schooling to work as his school’s waiter, became a working student, and served as his mother’s teacher in DepEd’s Alternative Learning System Class. His undying dream to provide a better life for his family propelled him to greater heights. Zaldy got the most sought after award in the teaching field and is the founder of PADYAK, providing bicycle units to less fortunate students who struggle to stay in school.
RODRIGO ROBLE JR.
HAPPIEST PINOY – LINGKOD BAYAN
Rodrigo struggled most of his life, coming from a poor family with barely enough to eat. In spite of this, he chose to become a Social Worker as his way to help those that are less fortunate. His exceptional projects are, (1) the development of “Donation Drive ng Tubig” during the war in Marawi where he collected almost 8,000 liters of water equivalent to Php 140,000.00 with the help of Philippine Army, (2) organized “Pamaskong Handog para sa Kabataan”, where they share some toys, food, and a surprise magic show for indigent children, and (3) the development of ‘SW Spotted’ page where he shares social workers’ success stories, encouragement, and positivity.
FORTUNATO JANUTO
HAPPIEST PINOY – OVERSEAS FILIPINO WORKERS
Similar to millions of Filipinos who believe that life abroad is for the better, Fortunato left home and braved the deserts of Iraq in 2003 to provide for his family’s financial need. Because of the ongoing war, he—along with other workers from the Philippines — entered Iraq and traveled 24 hours via land from Kuwait, risking their lives in the process. Despite the fear and uncertainty brought by the war, he worked diligently as an administrative staff for a construction company for three (3) years before finally coming home to the Philippines in 2006.
MARK DAVID CEREZO
HAPPIEST PINOY – ENTREPRENEUR
Mark David is known as the Philippines ‘Rubberman’ who founded "Pinoy Malikhain" - an organization that gathers volunteers who are willing to serve street and abandoned children by transforming scrap rubber into toys, sculptures, puppets, and other forms of art. Undeniably, this organization has become an advocacy more than a business that will continue to bring smiles and inspiration to children through the art that they do.
ALFRED SANTOS
HAPPIEST PINOY – EMPLOYEE
Alfred has come a long way from being the son of poor farmers in San Miguel, Bulacan to now the provincial and regional TESDA Idol. Currently, he is a marketing officer at OLM Institute, a liaison officer in an assessment center and an OJT coordinator of the senior high school division of TESDA courses. Indeed, his persistency has become his greatest strength towards achieving a good and successful life.
LEOVY JOHN TERRADO
HAPPIEST PINOY – LGBTQ
Leovy John knew about his sexual orientation at an early age, but he ignored this fact as he was the only son and the eldest in the family. At 15, he finished a vocational course on food and beverage and worked at a bar where he stayed for three years before finally resigning, as he desires to continue his studies. Currently, he serves as the family’s breadwinner by helping his sister on getting her college degree and also exploring work opportunities in order to lift his family from poverty.
CALABARZON SCHOOLTEACHER is CEBUANA LHUILLIER’s HAPPIEST PINOY for 2019
Public School Teacher from Quezon Wins Cebuana Lhuillier Happiest Pinoy 2019
Cebuana Lhuillier Named a Teacher as 2019’s Happiest Pinoy Winner
Public School Teacher Zaldy Bueno is hailed as Cebuana Lhuillier’s Happiest Pinoy 2019
Bueno’s heading the “Happiest Pinoy 2019”
Public school teacher, hinirang na Happiest Pinoy ngayong 2019
Public School Teacher Hailed As Cebuana Lhuillier’s Happiest Pinoy 2019
Giving Back In Spite Of Having Less; That’s Zaldy Bueno: Cebuana Lhuillier’s Happiest Pinoy 2019
Public School Teacher named Cebuana Lhuillier’s Happiest Pinoy 2019
Company promotes culture of Happiness
Philanthropic CALABARZON school teacher is Cebuana Lhuillier’s Happiest Pinoy 2019
Search For The Happiest Pinoy 2019 Finalists Inspire Filipinos To Be Happy In Giving
Meet the 10 Finalists of the Search for the Happiest Pinoy 2019
How To Be Happy : Three Things to Remember
What is happiness for Pinoy’s? The winner for the Happiest Pinoy soon to be reveal
The Happiest Pinoy Search is Almost Over! Who gets the 1M Tax Free Grand Prize?
Search for the Happiest Pinoy: 20 Finalists Shortlisted, P1M Tax-Free Awaits Grand Winner
Search for the Happiest Pinoy Shortlisted 20 Finalists, Grand Winner to Take Home 1M Pesos Tax-Free
P1M tax-free awaits for the winner of Happiest Pinoy
Cebuana Lhuillier Search for the Happiest Pinoy
Cebuana Lhuillier Happiest Pinoy 20 finalists shortlisted with a chance to win P1M tax-free
Search for the Happiest Pinoy: P1M Tax-Free Awaits Grand Winner!
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Reviews • London Theatre • West End & Central Published 27 January 2016
Review: Yen at Royal Court Theatre
Royal Court, Jerwood Downstairs ⋄ 22nd January - 13th February 2016
Lauren Mooney reviews a play about ‘directionless, desperate love with no outlet; a yearning without a name; a yen.’
Lauren Mooney
Annes Elwy and Jake Davies in Yen at Royal Court Theatre. Photo: Richard Davenport.
To say that Yen is absorbing would be an understatement: better to say that you get to the end and realise you’ve been holding your breath for minutes at a time. Better to say that it’s a play you come out of to find yourself surprised by the details of your real life because you’ve forgotten it exists, stopped believing in a world outside the one you’ve just been watching.
Yen is a tense, punishing play about two teenage boys – Hench and Bobbie – half-abandoned by their mother. She looks in on them from time to time, but she’s moved away to live with her boyfriend and left them behind in the flat they all shared, living together in one room, stealing food and cigarettes from local shops. It’s the child’s dream of independence, freedom, sweets for breakfast, come horribly to pass – Hench and Bobbie are sixteen and thirteen years old respectively, and we find them crouched in the ruins of their childhood between the high, rusted-climbing-wall bars of Georgia Lowe’s striking set.
They sit about. They play video games. They watch porn. They talk about women a lot and when they do they break them down into body parts: women they don’t know or don’t like aren’t people, they’re a tit as big as your head or a fanny with hair on it or an arsehole stretched, stretched out, unnatural, inhuman, bits. Internet porn is literally the background noise to their existence and all the women they know are just Bits except their mother Maggie (a perfectly pitched Sian Breckin). When she drops by, Alex Austin’s prickly, disquiet Hench has a loving way of hating her, while Bobby (Jake Davies, sliding perfectly between bursts of energy and desolation) is painfully tender in the face of her not-quite-but-nearly indifference.
It’s a devotion that borders on sexual, not that he’d recognise it: he spoons her while she sleeps and crouches over her shirtless when she is passed out drunk, they touch each other’s faces, necks – it’s a physical intimacy that looks unnatural between a mother and son, but not to Bobbie. It resembles nothing sexual the boys have ever seen. No cumshots.
And then Jennifer arrives.
Jennifer, played by Annes Elwy, who somehow manages to seem young and preternaturally wise all at once, is sixteen like Hench, and like both boys she has a dead father and a grief-stricken, emotionally withdrawn mother. When the three of them meet – she loves animals, she lives opposite, they clearly aren’t looking after their dog properly – it quickly becomes clear that Jennifer is self-assured and better educated and knows how to make the semi-parentless hinterland they are all in somewhere good to be, somewhere fun. Hench looks at her with so much love in his eyes that it makes him desperate, furious, and the boys scrap and snap at each other for her attention like two caged hounds.
Because Jennifer’s life has been different to theirs, full of love, and other family members who will take you in when things go wrong, and people to keep an eye on you – her experiences are wildly far from the multiple systemic failures that have left Hench and Bobbie fending for themselves. Most crucially, Jennifer’s life has taught her how to like herself and to be kind. She understands that she is worthy of love, and so sex for her comes naturally, its intimacy an extension of affection and not just a bodily function, dismal but exciting.
Yen‘s an unforgettable, almost unwatchable play filled with strange beauty and depth, and which manages to talk about the dangers of too much, too young (porn as well as everything else) without being moralising or prudish. What’s most remarkable about Anna Jordan’s writing is the taut mixture of incipient violence and utter, heart-wrenching tenderness: Yen is an angry play, but Jordan cares about her characters and treats them with respect, and they are tortured not by hatred or even really by anger, but by love. Directionless, desperate love with no outlet; a yearning without a name; a yen.
Yen is at Jerwood Theatre Downstairs until 13th February. Click here for tickets.
Lauren Mooney is a writer, producer and arts administrator based in London. As well as writing for Exeunt and The Stage, Lauren works at Clean Break and is the writer-producer for Kandinsky.
Read more articles by Lauren Mooney
Review: Yen at Royal Court Theatre Show Info
Directed by Ned Bennett
Written by Anna Jordan
Cast includes Alex Austin, Jake Davies, Annes Elwy, Sian Breckin
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70 cytatów na 70-te urodziny Briana Eno
Brian Eno – patron introwertyków, twórca ambientu, jeden z najważniejszych – jeśli nie najważniejszy producent XX wieku, w tym tygodniu obchodził urodziny (dokładnie 15 maja). Mimo kluczowej roli w stworzeniu brzmienia współczesnej muzyki nadal jest wiele osób, które nie znają dokonań człowieka, który ze studia uczynił swój główny instrument. Aby przybliżyć muzyczne dokonania Brytyjczyka zapraszam na dedykowane serwisy. Na Spotify znajdziecie najważniejszy dorobek Eno – od psych-glam-rockowych początków w latach 70-tych, gdy grał w Roxy Music, przez wymyślenie ambientu, stworzenie z Bowiem legendarnej trylogii berlińskiej i brzmienia trzech największych albumów Talking Heads, aż współczesne eksperymenty z muzyką generatywną, tworzoną pod aplikacje, które za każdym odsłuchem nieco zmieniają utwór). Tu natomiast zapraszam do bliższego poznania artysty, który jest również świetny w wywiady i odpowiednio podprowadzony (nie cierpi rozmawiać o przeszłości – zwłaszcza o Bowiem – on chce rozmawiać o ideach!) ujawnia imponującą wiedzę, dziecięcą ciekawość i zupełnie unikalne poglądy na każdy temat. Najlepszego, mistrzu!
Andy Mackay, Paul Thompson, Bryan Ferry, Brian Eno (lat 24), Phil Manzanera, Rik Kenton, czyli Roxy Music w Royal College Of Art in London, 1972
1. O snach (1974)
‚On Some Faraway Beach’. – it wasn’t only inspired – all the words to that occurred in the dream.
I find the dreams are always much more brilliant in their construction than anything I consciously think of. On that particular one, I just woke up with all these words in my head and I wrote them straight down in the dark. When writing from dreams, you don’t feel any responsibility for what you do, which is important to me.
2. O tekstach piosenek (1974)
Another way I write lyrics is to get the backing track down and then play it with a cassette near by and, as it’s playing, I start singing anything to it – like ‚ba-do-de-be-de-n-do-day’. And I do that a lot until I finally end up with a version in scat singing. Then I listen to that again and again until eventually I don’t hear it as nonsense anymore and I start hearing words. Then I write them out and they become the words to the song. I find it absolutely impossible to sit down without music and write lyrics because basically I haven’t got anything to say in a direct way like that. The actual musical context of a song is always so much more expressive than the words are. Lyrics in songs, in nearly 80% of cases, actually make the song less interesting
3. O pornografii (1974)
It’s a burning shame that most people want to keep pornography under cover when it’s such a highly developed art form – which is one of the reasons that I started collecting pornographic playing cards. I’ve got about 50 packs which feature on all my record covers for the astute observer.
There’s something about pornography which has a similarity to rock music. A pornographic photographer aims his camera absolutely directly, at the centre of sexual attention. He’s not interested in the environment of the room.
Eno w latach 70.
4. O tworzeniu (1974)
A lot of people are just interested in doing it and if it’s going to sell – you know, once they get it to the point where they know it’s alright, then it’s alright. I think it’s much more important to take it as far as you can possibly go. It doesn’t matter if you’re out at the studio for two months and you’re a wreck and you’re a vegetable and you can’t talk to anybody, if you’ve achieved something. I think it’s really necessary to push yourself that far.
5. O jednej z popularnych kart Oblique Stategies (1976)
(tu więcej o kartach, jest też darmowa apka na androida)
Look closely at the most embarrassing details, and amplify them, – What I meant is that the most embarrassing aspects of the things you do are normally the ones that are most interesting in the long run. The places where you are exposed, where you feel uncertainty are the places where you are normally doing something that’s quite innovative for you – or where you’ve uncovered an aspect of yourself that you previously managed to hide, perhaps.
6. O sztuce wysokiej i niskiej (1977)
I know a lot of people think that I’m trying to elevate rock into the Fine Arts, sort of taking it away from what it is, something that people enjoy as a widespread social-tribal activity, into being haute culture. Well, in fact I’m actually more interested in doing the opposite. I’m more interested in relegating the Fine Arts from their sanctified position into something that people enjoy doing and seeing, something which forms a part of their social behaviour and social discourse – in the way that, say, painting doesn’t at the moment. Painting isn’t an art for people now in the way that rock music is.
Brian Eno i Dawid Bowie, 1977
7. O byciu muzykiem (1979)
I’m not a musician.
It was a case of taking a position deliberately in opposition to another one. I don’t say it much anymore, but I said it when I said it because there was such an implicit and tacit belief that virtuosity was the sine qua non of music and there was no other way of approaching it. And that seemed to be so transparently false in terms of rock music in particular. I thought that it was well worth saying, ‚Whatever I’m doing, it’s not that,’ and I thought the best way to say that was to say, Look, I’m a nonmusician. If you like what I do, it stands in defiance to that.
8. O wiedzy muzycznej (1979)
One of the interesting things about having little musical knowledge is that you generate surprising results sometimes; you move to places which you wouldn’t do if you knew better, and sometimes that’s just what you need. Most of those melodies are me trying to find out what notes fit, and then hitting ones that don’t fit in a very interesting way.
David Byrne said to me the other day: ‚Sometimes I write something that I really can’t understand, and that’s what excites me.’ I felt such a sympathy with that position.
Eno, późne lata 70.
10. O tworzeniu (1979)
Nearly all the things I do that are of any merit at all start off all just being good fun, and, I think, um, I’m sort of building up to doing something else quite soon.
11. O „On Land” (1982) (jeden z jego najlepszych ambientowych albumów)
My reputation is far bigger than my sales. I was talking to Lou Reed the other day and he said that the first Velvet Underground record sold 30,000 copies in the first five years. The sales have picked up in the past few years, but I mean, that record was such an important record for so many people. I think everyone who bought one of those 30,000 copies started a band! So I console myself thinking that some things generate their rewards in a second-hand way.
12. O wyborze drogi (1982)
I struggled for a long time at art college about whether I become a pop musician or whether I become a painter, a fine artist. I really loved things in both of those fields. And then, one of the things the Velvet Underground made me realize, was that actually, they could be the same thing.
13. O innowacjach w sztuce (1982)
It’s like calling someone up and saying, „Look, next Friday we’re going to get together and have a really interesting conversation. Really brilliant now, we’re going to think some really new things!” Then you call a few days later and say, „Don’t forget Friday, this conversation is going to be really interesting.” You build this up and by the time Friday comes of course you’re tongue tied because you daren’t say anything that’s clumsy or familiar. You daren’t do any of the things that are likely to open you up into a new area. New ideas are nearly always slight shifts of things that are already very familiar to you.
Brian Eno i David Byrne, 1981
14. O przestrzeni (1982)
When I bought my loft in New York, it was large enough to build a large studio and my first feeling was, „Oh, good, now I can have a big room to work in.” Then I thought about it and realized that I actually like small spaces. I can keep a small space tidy and well organized, whereas in a bigger space I end up with heaps of unfinished things sitting in corners and the room loses its quality of being purposeful. So I thought, „There’s three things I need in this city; silence and darkness, and this room I can make totally dark and nearly silent.” The other thing I wanted was to be able to make noise that nobody else could hear. That’s quite important as I hate thinking that people are listening to me make a fool of myself.
Brian Eno, 1981
15. O tym, co najtrudniejsze w tworzeniu muzyki (1982)
I would say the first step–having a solid idea and commitment to begin with. So much of the music I hear has all the right ingredients but none of the soul. The solid idea, the beginning, is soul of some kind. It’s believing that working in this medium will benefit you spiritually and will somehow free a part of your spirit that is otherwise locked up because it can’t find a convenient place to exit in the normal, day-to-day world. I guess it’s what people call conviction. If you have that, you can work with any set of ingredients no matter how rubbishy they are. […] What I hear with so many of the new English synthesizer bands is all the ingredients for contemporary pop respectability. You can check them off: use of the studio in a „creative” way, electronics, modern rhythms, clean productions, slightly meaningful lyrics, correct haircuts, the right ideological stance–the whole bag of bananas. They have all that stuff but they miss because they don’t convey any sense that doing music is really critical to their lives.
16. O pracy w studiu (1982)
This is one of the major problems with contemporary rock records. Studio technology allows people to work with a kind of semi-commitment because they know they can erase their mistakes and try again. That’s all very well but what makes live recordings and old records, where they didn’t have that option, so exciting is the feeling that that person was actually on the line when they did it. That’s a kind of spiritual quality you can’t quantify but I’m convinced you hear it in music and see it in films when it’s there. In listening to the music that I love I’ve come to realize that the common thread that runs through it is the fact that at the moment these people made these noises, that was their reality. They weren’t thinking I can do it again later or fiddle with it in the mix. This was it, this was the moment for them, and that sense that the thing was real when it was being made is what communicates in a piece of work.
17. O inspiracjach (1982)
My idea right now is rather than trying to absorb everything, which is an impossible, tiring and rewardless task, to concentrate on fewer and fewer things. For the past few months I’ve been playing the same three records: gospel music and a record of an Arabic man singing the Koran.
18. O chodzeniu (1982)
I like walking and I walk a lot in New York because when I’m walking I can sort of take over and think in a nice slow way. But I also have to look at everything that passes. I wish I weren’t so fascinated by every little phenomenon that comes my way.
Brian Eno, Bolonia 1982
19. O ambiencie (1983)
People are frightened of the idea of background music. They think it’s not serious if you call it that.
20. O instrumentach (1984)
Since my work is so dependent on studios and since it couldn’t exist without them, you know it’s not the kind of thing that could be done in some other way – it’s work which is really born of a studio like a piano concerto is born of a piano. And my work is born from whichever studio I happen to be working in… normally I turn up at a studio without any instruments at all (laughs) and I just start using what’s lying around.
21. O studiu (1984)
I’m interested in digital recording for the most boring technical reason, which is that a lot of my music is very quiet and the lack of background hiss you get in a digital studio set-up really makes quite a big difference.
22. O szukaniu mieszkania (1985)
I can’t do simple things like finding a flat. I just don’t seem to be able to focus on those kinds of things so a lot of my time is spent in less than ideal conditions.
Brian Eno i kot 1982
23. O wywiadach (1985)
The class one things are really interesting, the class two things are fairly interesting, and the class three things are boring as Hell. People always publish none of the class one things, a few of the class two things, but all of the class three things.
24. O small talkach (1985)
If people ask me, if I’m on a bus or something, I say I’m an artist. That way they don’t ask any further questions. If you say you’re a musician, they say, „Oooh, do you play with a group?”, and I can’t stand those conversations. I often invent occupations. If I don’t feel like talking, I’ll just say something like „import and export”, and that stops people dead. They don’t question you further about what you do, because it sounds so unbelievably boring. „Artist” is like that. It’s the truth, but it sounds boring.
25. O celu jego sztuki (1985)
I want to make things that put me in the position of innocence, that recreate the feeling of innocence in you.
Brian Eno, video sculptures for “The Luminous Image,” Stedelijk Museum, 1984.
26. O tworzeniu i ogrodnictwie (1985)
It always seems unlikely that what I end up with has come from the process it has. I use a lot of very cold processes. They seem rather passionless if you describe them, but I think of them as… It’s the same as when you’re growing a garden. There’s a routine part of that. You’ve just got to water it every day, or whatever you have to do, and it’s not particularly glamorous or amazing or cosmic, you just do it. Gardening is an accretion of several processes like that.
And then suddenly, these flowers come out, and they are surprisingly beautiful and complex. What you’ve done is partake in a process, you haven’t really controlled the process… you didn’t make the flower. To see that happen always fascinates me.
27. O przegrywaniu (1985)
I don’t know if you’ve ever heard something that Samuel Becket wrote. In that book, Westward Ho!, he says, „Try again, fail again, fail better.” That’s about the state of it I think. It’s not a case of expecting to make a perfect piece of work, it’s expecting to make a better failure than you did last time.
28. O bałaganie (1985)
I really begin by allowing myself to make a mess, and then seeing if I can get out of it. There’s nothing worse than a „blank canvas”. Picasso said there’s nothing worse than a brilliant beginning, and that’s true. If your first move is brilliant, you’re in trouble. You don’t really know how to follow it; you’re frightened of ruining it. So to make a mess is a good beginning – and I’m quite good at doing that.
Brian Eno i John Cage circa 1982
29. O The Smiths (1985)
I rather like them, The Smiths. I think they’re a good band. I think Morrissey is an extraordinarily arrogant person, especially considering that he’s probably the most successful tone-deaf singer the world has ever knows. But that being said, I like his singing quite a lot, and I like their records. I could live without some of his studied miserableness, I suppose.
30. O słuchaniu muzyki (1985)
I don’t have a record player, funnily enough. I think life’s too short to listen to records, at the moment. Well, I do listen to some things, but I usually like to listen to the same thing over and over for months.
I’m quite happy to accept that I don’t know most of what’s going on in the world of music. I never have done. You have a choice when you get interested in culture., You have a choice of trying to absorb it all, the American style of „doing the sights” in two days, or else you can just decide: „I’ll stay in this one place, because I like it here anyway, and I’ll really understand this. I’ll really find out about it.” That’s what I do.
Eno odpoczywający w 1984
31. O turystyce (1985)
Just to sit in one place and to soak up the atmosphere of that place… I mean, all spots have the same atmosphere at a given location, and somehow I think tourist sights have been robbed of their atmosphere by being tourist sights. It’s as if taking too many photographs of something eventually makes it become unreal, become an image of itself. So I like, with music and with everything else, to stay in the same place for a long time… until I feel like moving somewhere else, then I stay there for a long time.
Well, actually I don’t particularly like talking about myself. I’m not that interesting to me, because I live with me all the time. So there’s no glamour in me for me. But I like talking about ideas. I find them terribly interesting.
33. O rzemiośle (1985)
Craft is what enables you to be successful when you’re not inspired.
34. O narzędziach (1985)
I like simple instruments, I always have. I’ve always used very simple synthesizers actually, and I prefer them because I don’t particularly care to be faced with limitless possibilities. I prefer a slightly more constrained situation
35. O technologii (1985)
I think that one of the most interesting ways to approach any technology is not to read the handbook, and to maintain that mental attitude of not reading the handbook. Now, I use that as a kind of metaphor for an approach; of course you can read the handbook.
Brian Eno 1985
36. O duchowości (1985)
I think the Western male is a very unspiritual creature. He’s been told to be unspiritual. The nadir of the unspiritual human being is where, first of all, two things are important in the world view; that’s the ‚me generation’ type of feeling; and the other is that you have the capacity to completely control [things]. Now, any kind of spiritual life that I’m interested in leads me further and further away from either of those notions. I can’t see myself being at the centre of anything, really. I’m part of a network of things: they affect me and I affect them, and they are so closely interconnected that the second notion, the notion of being in control of them, is completely absurd as well.
37. O praktyce duchowej (1985)
I’ve more and more developed my feeling for music. The reason I can’t stop it is because it’s the place that I can use to work things out in, that’s all. It’s my practice. Like other people have practices of various kinds, and for some it’s a formal, religious practice if you like. For me it happens to be music
38. O muzyce jako przestrzeni (1985)
One of the consistent directions I’ve had for the last few years is toward a kind of music that was more and more to do with a sense of place and with a sense of some kind of psychic environment that one might choose to find oneself in. And it was also to do with the quality of feeling alone in a place. It’s a quality that I like very, very much and it’s a feeling I enjoy when I find it in music.
U2 record „The Unforgettable Fire ” with Brian Eno at Slane Castle Ireland, 1985
39. O samotności (1985)
I’m fairly solitary, I suppose. I really don’t stay in touch with anyone very much. I sit at home most of the time so I never get in touch with anyone, except for a couple of close friends, unless I have something particular to propose to them.
40. O tekstach w piosenkach (1985)
One of the difficulties with singing, or with having lyrics, is that, as soon as you do that, there’s another person in the piece. So the listener is not alone in that piece of music, he’s watching the performance of a personality. I felt more and more that I wanted to make music where the listener became that person in the piece, where they weren’t told where to go.
41. O występach na żywo (1985)
First of all, I really don’t have many talents that are particularly geared to performing live. And the other thing is that most of the work I’ve been doing is really recorded work. It’s to do with the studio and to do with somebody listening to it in their own place.
The studio is a place where music is made. Forget about high fidelity, forget about anything, think about sound. It’s a place for developing texture, and texture is the thing that pop music has given to music more than any other innovation. This is something you really couldn’t play with very much before the recording studio. It was like having a paint box where you could never mix the colours very much. Now you’re in a position where you can design your own colours, musically. Which is an amazing breakthrough, it makes it a new art form, actually.
Brian Eno, video sculptures for “The Luminous Image,” Stedelijk Museum, 1984. Photograph: Tom Haartsen
43. O muzyce i malarstwie (1985)
You’re working directly with sound, and there’s no transmission loss between you and the sound – you handle it. It puts the composer in the identical position of the painter – working directly with a material, working directly onto a substance, and he always retains the options to chop and change, to paint a bit out, add a piece, etc.
44. O Mozarcie (1985)
I agree with Salieri in the film Amadeus, who said, „Too many notes”
45. O drodze artystycznej (1985)
I’d gone from making very loud, intricate, witty sorts of things, with anagrams and funny references to other pop records and little pop versions of Duchampian tricks and so on, into this music that had people in general saying, „Oh well, he’s gone soft.” I was really moving into a kind of landscape sensibility of music, the idea being that one is listening to a body of sound presented as being in a particular type of space, a location of some sort.
46. O pejzażach (1985)
An aspect of this landscape concern is to do with the removal of personality from the picture. You know how different a landscape painting is when there is a figure in it. Even if the figure is small, it automatically becomes the focus — all questions of scale and depth are related to it. When I stopped writing songs I took the figure out of the landscape.
Eno z kawusią 1985
In the early 20th century painters were saying that they wanted their work to be like music, to have the freedom to be as abstract as music. Now what’s interesting to me is that music can actually be like painting — figurative, landscape
48. O playlistach (w pewnym sensie) (1985)
One thing it can do is give us an instant sense of location. When I was traveling a lot, I used to carry four or five cassettes that I knew could reliably produce a certain condition for me. If I wanted to write letters, I’d put one particular cassette on, and that piece of music would make the letter-writing space for me. That would be for serious letters – you know, letters to friends and others in which I wanted to really think about things. if I wanted to do a business letter there’d be another tape for that – Aretha Franklin, or something „up” that would keep me busy writing. I realized while I was living this nomadic life, the one thing that was really keeping me in place, or giving me a sense of place, was music.
49. O oczekiwaniach wobec muzyki (1985)
I’d like people to have the expectations of music that they presently have of painting. If a painting is hanging on a wall where we live, we don’t feel that we’re missing something by not paying attention to it. It’s just there — probably we’ll look at it a little today, and probably tomorrow again. It’s a sort of continuous part of the environment. These are the kind of expectations we have of paintings.
Eno by Denis Waugh, March 1987
50. O minimalizmie (1985)
Minimalism is an approach to working that became a rigid esthetic; it came to mean something geometrical, hard, and colorless. There’s no reason that “minimalism” should mean that. It’s a way of doing things, a decision to see what can be achieved by reducing rather than by adding. Both the music and the video in my pieces are made by allowing a small number of elements to recombine in a large number of ways. I’m happy to admit that Steve Reich’s music showed me something.
51. O popie (1985)
In pop nobody has any embarrassment about copying. In fact, that’s how it works: „That’s a good sound. How do we do that?” They don’t chuck one sound out to take another. They let it in. When I’m producing someone’s record, sometimes they’ll come into a studio with a record and say, „Hear that bass drum sound, that’s what I want” … that kind of thing. I think that’s a perfectly reasonable thing to do.
52. O Reichu (1985)
Reich’s idea was to use a technology designed for faithful and consistent reproduction as a means of constantly generating variety.
53. O słuchu (1985)
One of the interesting things about ears is that they work in the same way as a frog’s eye works. There’s an essay called “What the Frog’s Eye Tells the Frog’s Brain” by Warren McCulloch, who discovered that a frog’s eyes don’t work like ours. Ours are always moving: we blink. We scan. We move our heads. But a frog fixes its eyes on a scene and leaves them there. It stops seeing all the static parts of the environment, which become invisible, but as soon as one element moves, which could be what it wants to eat — the fly — it is seen in very high contrast to the rest of the environment. It’s the only thing the frog sees and the tongue comes out and takes it.
Decorative Panel (Stockholm, 1985) Postcard #3 from a series of Brian Eno Installation Postcards.
54. O sztuce (1985)
I remember first seeing a Mondrian painting when I was nine. It was the very first picture that really affected me. […]I don’t just want to see a good idea or a clever use of materials. One of the motives for being an artist is to recreate a condition where you’re actually out of your depth, where you’re uncertain, no longer controlling yourself, yet you’re generating something, like surfing as opposed to digging a tunnel. Tunnel-digging activity is necessary activity, but what artists like, if they still like what they’re doing, is the surfing.
Musicologists who say that everything pop musicians are doing was really known by about 1820 may be correct in terms of compositions written down on paper, but they ignore where the true innovation is taking place. The interest today isn’t in developing serial music or polyphony or anything like that. It is in constantly dealing with new textures. One of the interesting things about pop music is that you can quite often identify a record from a fifth of a second of it. You hear the briefest snatch of sound and know, „Oh, that’s ‚Good Vibrations,’ ” or whatever. A fact of almost any successful pop record is that its sound is more of a characteristic than its melody or its chord structure or anything else. The sound is the thing that you recognize.
Brian Eno, Peacock, 1987.
56. O tym, jak wymyślił ambient (1986)
My thinking about ambient music is traceable to one incident. I had an accident — I was hit by a taxi and I couldn’t move. I was in bed for a while recovering, and at the end of a visitor’s stay I said, „As you’re leaving can you put a record on for me.” My friend put on a record she’d just brought me of virtuoso harp music from the 18th century. My stereo was a bit rough at the time. Only one speaker was working, and the volume was down so low I could hardly hear the sound. It was raining outside and I thought, „How annoying, I can’t hear it” But I couldn’t switch it off. I just had to wait till it played through. As I was lying there listening to the rain I could just hear the loudest moments, just single notes every so often, or little flurries of notes. I started to think that it sounded all right — it was really nice to listen to — and I wondered why no music like this existed. Why couldn’t we buy records that made this beautiful random mixture of things like the raindrops, with little flurries of things within it like icebergs? Listening, I had the sense of hearing the tip of something, and the knowledge that there was more beneath it. And I wanted my music to do this. It was immediately after this, in 1975, that I recorded Discreet Music, the first of my records conceived as Ambient music.
57. O teksturze dźwięku (1986)
I begin to hear sound as the texture of an environment, to want a sense of a distant horizon that couldn’t be heard, and elements that were out of earshot. Quite often people tell me, „You’ve made a big move from being a pop musician. You don’t do anything like that any more.” In a sense that’s true, but in another way what I’ve done focuses on what I believe to be the key issue in pop music. I’ve left out the tunes, the chord patterns, the beats, and so on, in order to deal with texture — the one innovation that really characterizes this period of music.
58. O Hendriksie (1988)
Hendrix was a musician who understood the system that he was dealing with. And the system wasn’t just six strings. It was six strings, some electronics, an amplifier, some big speakers, an auditorium, a public, and the accumulated resonance of pop music up til that time.
Brian Eno w MOMA wykłada o fontannie Duchampa, 1990
59. O nasikaniu do „Fontanny” Duchampa (1993)
I thought, how ridiculous that this particular … pisspot gets carried around the world at—it costs about thirty or forty thousand dollars to insure it every time it travels. I thought, How absolutely stupid, the whole message of this work is, “You can take any object and put it in a gallery.” It doesn’t have to be that one, that’s losing the point completely. And this seemed to me an example of the art world once again covering itself by drawing a fence around that thing, saying, “This isn’t just any ordinary piss pot, this is THE one, the special one, the one that is worth all this money.
So I thought, somebody should piss in that thing, to sort of bring it back to where it belonged. So I decided it had to be me.
60. O kulturze (1993)
culture is the way that we constantly rehearse this process of being able to understand other world pictures, being able to be other identities for a while.
Eno w Bonn, 1998
61. O wierze (1995)
Well, I’m an atheist, and the concept of god for me is all part of what I call the last illusion. The last illusion is someone knows what is going on. That’s the last illusion. Nearly everyone has that illusion somewhere, and it manifests not only in the terms of the idea that there is a god but that knows what’s going on but that the planets know what’s going on. Astrology is part of the last illusion. The obsession with health is part of the last illusion, the idea that there’s that if only we could spend time on it and sit down and stop being unreasonable with each other we’d all find that there was a structure and a solution underlying plan to it all, for most people the short answer to that is God.
62. O karierze (2016)
Nie myślę też za wiele o mojej ‚karierze’, o moim publicznym wizerunku. I wcale nie chodzi tu o skromność. Chodzi o znudzenie samym sobą. Znudzenie myśleniem o sobie, czytaniem o sobie, słuchaniem o sobie. Nie mam do tego cierpliwości.
I don’t listen to that much music that isn’t mine; the only problem with being a composer is you don’t get to listen to very much music.
It’s interesting what part of ambient they took as being the center of it. For me, the central idea was about music as a place you go to. Not a narrative, not a sequence that has some sort of teleological direction to it—verse, chorus, this, that, and the other. It’s really based on abstract expressionism: Instead of the picture being a structured perspective, where your eye is expected to go in certain directions, it’s a field, and you wander sonically over the field. And it’s a field that is deliberately devoid of personalities, because if there’s a personality there, that’s who you’ll follow. So there’s not somebody in that field leading you around; you find your own way.
Eno 2016
65. O społeczeństwie (2017)
It is possible to have a society that doesn’t have pre-existing rules and structures. And you can use the social structures of bands, theatre groups, dance groups, all the things we now call culture. You can say: ‘Well, it works here. Why shouldn’t it work elsewhere?
66. O koncertach
I think generally playing live is a crap idea. So much of stage work is the presentation of personality, and I’ve never been interested in that
67. O śpiewaniu
I believe that singing is the key to long life, a good figure, a stable temperament, increased intelligence, new friends, super self-confidence, heightened sexual attractiveness, and a better sense of humor.
68. O muzyce klasycznej
It’s pathetic. Classical music in Europe is pathetic. It’s like yards of wall-to-wall carpeting.
69. O ego
A big ego means that you have some confidence in your abilities, really, and that you’re prepared to take the risk of trying them out.
70. O przyszłości muzyki
I’ve got a feeling that music might not be the most interesting place to be in the world of things.
Na gorąco: Pendant „Make Me Know You Sweet”
LISTA LIST – Podsumowanie 2015
10 najlepszych albumów 2016
70 ambient brian eno david bowie David Byrne eno cytaty muzyka najlepsi producenci xx wieku pop producent roxy music
Poprzednie Poprzedni wpis: Nirvana top 5 (live)
Dalej Następny wpis: Mr Ye, you did it again
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Home Articles History My Phuoc Tay
My Phuoc Tay
53 years ago, December 1967, I was a staff sergeant assigned to an A-Team in the 7th Special Forces Group (Airborne) as its Intelligence Sergeant, having recently returned from 19 months in Vietnam.
When our team (A-422) turned Vinh Gia over to the Vietnamese, and the team was split up and sent to various camps, my teammate, SFC Art Kownslar, was sent to Camp My Phuoc Tay (Detachment A-411), as the detachment intelligence sergeant until 4 September, when he returned to the States. Three months after his departure, on 11 December, a company-sized operation ventured west, out of My Phuoc Tay. A large ammunition cache was discovered.
The following day, the same operation uncovered another cache, as well as encountering an estimated battalion of VC. A fierce firefight lasted into the following day, 13 December, finally ending twelve hours later. The team CO, CPT George O’Toole, Jr., was killed on the 12th, while SFC John Fitzgerald, Jr., SFC Luis Marquez-Lopez, and SSG Clifford Carter were killed on the 13th. Nine CIDG were also KIA. Although enemy casualties were unknown, it was estimated that they were heavy.
Hearing about his four teammates’ loss devastated Art. He blamed himself for their death, feeling certain that their death was caused by his lack of identifying, as intelligence and operations sergeant of the team, the presence of such a large unit of enemy troops in the camp vicinity.
As soon as Art learned of the death of the four men at My Phuoc Tay, he volunteered to return to Vietnam. He blamed himself up to the day he died, even though their deaths were three months after he had departed. Art was diagnosed in later years as having PTSD, probably due to that incident.
My Phuoc Tay was not the place to be during that time, if you were in Special Forces. Just a little more than a month later, on 16 January, four more men (CPT John Young, SFC Earl Biggs, SP4 Herbert Anderson, and SFC Frank Parrish) were killed at My Phuoc Tay.
I spent a lot of time visiting Art at his home in Bastrop TX, after he was diagnosed as suffering from cancer. We spent a lot of time reminiscing about the “good old days” in Vinh Gia, and I tried my best to bolster Art’s attitude.
On 8 June 2012, I suffered a stroke (blood clot) to my left eye, resulting in me becoming totally blind in that eye. That day, after learning of my misfortune, the first person I called was Art. His wife answered the phone, sobbing. I immediately knew what had happened. Sure enough, Art had passed away from his cancer, the same morning that I had gone blind in my left eye. I will never forget that morning.
PHOTO: Art (left) and I (right), prepared to depart Vinh Gia (A-422) on an overnight ambush in early 1967. (my photo)
SLURP SENDS!
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The 18th Division (South Vietnam)
Load Carriage: WWI to the GWOT (Part 2)
M14E2 Used by SOG
Peter December 14, 2020 At 5:03 pm
Cool, so you participated in a war that killed millions of civilians, led to countless birth defects due to chemical agent experiments, pollution, environmental and resource devastation, etc. all over a known and proven false pretense.
Buuuuuuuuuuuuuuuut, just following orders is a legitimate excuse – but NOT for anyone who opposed global Jewish rule.
Shawn December 14, 2020 At 5:28 pm
Pete. You aren’t going to start this shit with the Vietnam vets who I invite to the website. this is the one foolproof way to get me to ban you.
rmcssboomer December 16, 2020 At 8:30 pm
Peter December 17, 2020 At 7:43 am
No factual/logical rebuttal ———> durrrrrrr, just ban him, brain no like worldview being challenged, consume more product and porn, drink more beer, USA #1!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Forgot to add:
Durrrr, consume more heart, cholesterol and/or diabetes medication, ‘Muricah fuck yeah!!!!!
DSM December 14, 2020 At 7:02 pm
I rebuilt a half dozen M240s that had been palletized and left out on a rainy flightline. Rusty and nasty when we finally got them back. I wanted to condemn them and request new but the boss wanted me to try and get them back up and running. Rebuilt them all down to smallest detent and spring. Test fired, zeroed and re-gaged. A couple months later I got sent a note about that unit getting into a scrape in Baghdad. First call I made was to my old boss. They ran like sewing machines thankfully. Now that unit’s guns had been used to re-qual their gunners and had been gaged again for pre-embark but I still considered them mine since I had rebuilt them. I ain’t saying that is anywhere to the same level as Art in the article but I sure do get it. Lord grant him peace.
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Eminem carves up Bush
Saturday October 30th 2004, 8:46 am
Filed under: null
So everyone’s heard about the video Eminem made for the upcoming election, right? Mosh. It’s a bit about portable mosh pits for expressing anger,
a bit about getting out the vote, and a bit about sticking it to the president really, really hard. In one five minute video, Slim Shady manages to:
reprise the scene from Fahrenheit 9/11 where Bush sits reading to elementary school kids while the second plane flies toward the Twin Towers;
suggest that Bush knew about the attacks
suggest that Cheney et al are behind the Bin Laden videos
encourage a recalled soldier to rebel against the administration (yelling ‘Fuck Bush!’ and putting a combat knife through Bush’s head in effigy) and against his fellow soldiers (fooling them long enough to let protestors turn a firehose on them)
encourage massive civil disobedience, including storming government buildings — though in the end, ha ha, it turns out to be in order to vote in an orderly line.
On Wikinews : Africa vs. Endor
Filed under: %a la mod
Just yesterday, Rebecca made a few good suggestions about how a prospective Wikinews project could proceed without annoying any traditional journalists or alienating their audiences. The idea of tackling new topics for investigative journalism is a particularly interesting one. I think, however, that most original journalism will start out addressing local news that traditional media haven’t deigned to pick up (and this may have a broader audience than traditionally expected… but then when’s the last time that any journalist, traditional or not, asked you what you wanted to read?).
But when she talks in terms of choosing angles on stories, she misses one of the strengths of this particular wiki tradition. What wikinews should be able to do better than any other news source, is mention and contextualize all of the major angles on a story (including, perhaps, a novel angle not covered by other media); expose the aspects of a news report that are hotly contested among its various authors; and expose the revision process involved in newsmaking.
She gets in a dig about Middle-earth having better coverage in the encyclopedia than most of Africa, referring to Ethan Z‘s comment last month that the article on the Congo Civil War was shorter than that on Tolkien’s Middle-earth. I feel bad that the source of these claims is right here in my backyard, so let me try to set matters right. The initial distribution of content on Wikipedia was spotty, influenced by the interests of the initial contributors. When you have a blank canvas, you have to pick somewhere to start. Since then, the shared goal of a neutral, comprehensive encyclopedia has guided how coverage has broadened.
Many contributors to Wikipedia are not contributing in their area of expertise, but instead researching new things as they contribute articles where the encyclopedia needs them most (see for instance the recent new-article contest focusing on filling article requests).
Yes, Wikipedia has fantastic, perhaps unequalled coverage of Middle-earth — currently there are almost 900 related articles, half of which are short descriptions of the hundreds of characters and places that compose that most detailed of fantasy worlds. And yes, Wikipedia’s coverage of Africa pales in comparison to its coverage of other continents.
Nevertheless, there are 3000 articles directly related to Africa, including, for instance, Economy of Africa and Congo Free State. There are no articles of such depth or quality about hobbits and elves — despite Tolkien’s talent, he could hardly compete with the exotic detail of real life.
[If you’re curious about the numbers, I just spent half an hour reviewing these topics via the beta categorization system.]
First successful use of Google Ads!
For the first time, an ad that popped up while I was looking at something else was deeply interesting to me! Here‘s a site with a 70’s-era web feel — if there ever were a 70’s of the web. You know what I mean; ’93-era HTML, colors, and tables; so proud of having the *ability* to use colored text and links and cells that color shows up everywhere.
It’s like watching ”The Umbrellas of Cherbourg”, but it’s just a website for chrissakes. It also happens to be the site of someone who seems to make his living selling old-skool e-texts online. I just love it!
First successful use of Google Ads! …
Team America v. The Pit of Jalalla!
Filed under: Glory, glory, glory
Or is it Jararra? I saw “Team America: World Police” the other day, and the Pit of Jalalla is only the last part of the film; not nearly the best. Like the directorial duo’s last great film, “Cannibal, the Musical”, this one works as a crudely popular farce, but is littered with brilliant wit… read more
Diebold makes “Robust” Votin^B^B^B^B ATM machines
Thursday October 28th 2004, 10:44 am
Filed under: indescribable
Back in the Spring, everyone’s favorite voting-machine manufacturer delivered a new ATM to Carnegie-Mellon U. — and it promptly rebooted. When it came back up, its WinXP OS loaded without launching the ATM software, and with its touchscreen interface waiting to be used. The next day, the students got some nice shots of the ATM machine running Windows Media Player…
Thank goodness we still use paper ballots in this country!
Diebold makes “Robust” Votin^B^B^B^B ATM machines …
President Bush to audience : “[Fuck you]”
Thursday October 28th 2004, 5:56 am
Filed under: poetic justice
Our sitting President gets frisky with his media support before an interview, and clearly the person behind the camera can’t stand to see such glorious footage brushed away on the cutting room floor. So, instead of being incinerated, the clipped vulgarity ends up afloat in everyone’s favorite cesspool, Al Gore’s InterNet.
Bush shoots the birdie like a no-nonsense expert, but giggles afterwards like an amateur… this short has been posted all over the place, but I like the simple humanity of the clip. Fwiw, I like the Bush in this clip a lot better than the Edwards foppery making the rounds.
President Bush to audience : “[Fuck you]” …
EB’s 2-Track Mind? A Blast from the Past
Filed under: fly-by-wire
A few years ago, Freerepublic posted a note about the Encyclopedia Britannica, with Dale Hoiberg speaking about its most promising content channels, and how it intends to refresh its online content quickly with two-track workflow. I’m dying to know whether they’ve stuck with it for the past three years, and how their workflow has changed.
The material online, moreover, is constantly updated. Britannica’s editor, a Sinologist named Dale Hoiberg, says it has instituted a two-track workflow: one fast, for work that needs to be turned around quickly (for an impeachment, for instance); and another slower, for the traditional work of researching, writing and editing the encyclopedia’s entries.
Ms. Schroeder predicts that reference publishers will pursue “such a variety of different business models, it will make your head swim.”
(from the March 2, 2001 edition of freerepublic.com, a mere six weeks after Wikipedia’s founding)
Including, I suppose, the “100% volunteer” business model.
EB’s 2-Track Mind? A Blast from the Past …
Guardian : “you’d be insane to bet against Wikimania”
All the stars from headliners past comes out of the woodwork for this one : Dan Gillmor, web guru; Dale Hoiberg, Britannica editor-in-chief; a mention of the c’t content review; the IBM research paper on how quickly vandalism gets removed; a token naysaying librarian (“practically, I wouldn’t use it; and I’m not aware of a single librarian who would.“); a charming anachronism (in this case, the spectre of retro-cased BarnStars being used as universal rewards for good deeds done); a hopeful glance toward the horizon and Wikipedia 1.0 — Stable Edition. It’s like down-home week on the “In the Press” page.
And it’s a great article. It touches on a hundred facets of the project with only the smallest of misperceptions. It seems to have had prominent placement on Tuesday’s front page…
Guardian : “you’d be insane to bet against Wikimania” …
Despite flaws, users hope for dominance of Wiktionary, Mediawiki
Filed under: metrics
The O’Reilly Network’s Scott Hacker wrote a piece on
wiki support yesterday, Where’s the Movable Type of the Wiki World?,
published with some eloquent commentary by visitors at the end.
Hacker suggests the Wiki world needs its own elegant, soup-to-nuts
wikiproject, comparing the chaos of wiki communities and documentation
to that of the blogging world pre-Movable Type. He shopped around
for a wiki to use for an educational project (which was itself inspired
by WikiPedia, retro camel caps and all), and finally settled on
MediaWiki. Unfortunately, its “scattered and obtuse”
documentation, “stupidly difficult” customizations, and lack of
compact, neatly packaged documentation for end-users, left him
U.Penn student Swarat Chaudhury, writing for India’s venerable
paper The
Statesman, is a bit more optimistic:
“Wikipedia has spawned a sister project called Wiktionary
http://www.wiktionary. org), a collaborative multilingual dictionary
with pronunciations, etymology and quotations. The grand ambition of
these projects is nothing short of letting the demos beat the experts
at their own game… Personally, I still rely on the OED most of the
time, but I also look forward to a day when Wiktionary beats it hands
Despite flaws, users hope for dominance of Wiktionary, Mediawiki …
Le Monde taps French Wikipedia for background content
Monday October 25th 2004, 10:13 pm
Filed under: popular demand
The French paper /Le Monde/ is now using Wikipedia as a “see also”
reference for various articles in its online version (see the
right-hand column, under “sur le net”).
For instance, the following articles link to [[Ophiuchus
(constellation)]], [[Surr
Collaborative news, half-neutered
Monday October 25th 2004, 10:10 am
A current events and a related “In the News” section have existed on Wikipedia for a long time. They are among the more popular sections of the site, but there is some controversy about what kind of news notes are appropriate for the encyclopedia. Is a news update every day okay for a major story? Clearly newsflashes should also update the relevant article. How about local news? Is an event which attracts attention today but won’t be encyclopedic tomorrow (predictions about where a hurricane will hit ground, rumours of a big scandal which may be substanceless) worth its own paragraph? Its own article?
Right now, the only place for newsblurbs is in a long list on the current events page, which is later archived by month. A new Wikimedia project proposes to change all of that : Wikinews, a year or more in the conception (and still uncertain of the breadth of its mission), is attracting active discussion again, and may get its own domain this month. It aims to be a place to develop both news summaries and the occasional original report. This last bit sticks in the old craw; questions of neutralization of extreme points of view and hysteria, categorization, archiving, verification, and finalization of verified reports remain to be addressed later… but clearly much of the excitement over the project stems from the lure of this small proportion of its content.
Collaborative news, half-neutered …
Spyware, privacy, and the commons of popularity
Alexa.com produces spyware many love to hate. It is friendly, as spyware goes, but both prevalent and public with how it uses its aggregated information, unlike private spyware like Google’s own toolbar. In general, groups that collect data on web-surfing traffic are aggregating cast-off bits and pieces into something useful, interesting, and slightly invasive. By the time Technorati can tell you how many computers from suburban homes have been used during the day by Movable Type bloggers from Houston to visit your site from a bookmark for more then ten minutes at a time… even it will be approaching spyware.
So, is there an ideal way to aggregate information? To collect it? When I visit your site, is it okay for you to note this? When I write you, how much metadata about my mail to you can you pass on to others before I am allowed to take offense? “I got 50 messages today” “Joe wrote me twice today” “Mary Cc:ed a silly email to 80 of us during lunch” “Ranga wrote: ‘My sister just came back from bailing Larry P. out of jail for pimping; she said his expensive new phone (410-555-2310) is already disconnected… crazy.'” “I hate mailreaders, so from now on I’m just automatically uploading my email to a public rss feed.” …
Talk to me, people. I want to know what you think about all of this.
Best use of Floating Head Ever
Blog-Wiki morphology probed by MSNBC.
Reading World Books as a kid can give you great ideas, or so goes the investigative thread of the Newsweek staff who wrote a quick column on Wikipedia, topping it with the greatest image of Jimmy Wales‘s floating head yet snapped. Of course they refer to the site occasionally as “wikipedia.com”, and can’t quite figure out how it all fits together, but they are enthusiastic. And that counts for a lot.
Best use of Floating Head Ever …
UN Promises better support for creativity of the Commons
Saturday October 23rd 2004, 11:38 am
But how much clout does the WIPO have? They are interested in open source development, and have been sponsoring many related conferences, issuing statements &c for a few years now. Is this really a change of heart for them? What motivates the people who set down these regulations?
More importantly, how can one translate the great societal benefits of a creative Commons into short-term gain for corporations, governments, or individual politicians? The benefits of open development of ideas and innovation are so great that it is no loss to give up much of it to friction.
UN Promises better support for creativity of the Commons …
Non-fiction prizes, glory — How do I apply?
Friday October 22nd 2004, 2:58 pm
A new content contest is available for those of you eager to hone your non-fiction writing skills. Check out the list of suggested topics and join in the fun!
Non-fiction prizes, glory — How do I apply? …
Link distance between two articles
Now you can find out how far removed two Wikipedia articles are from one another… more or less. Give this script two article titles and let it rip.
Of course it needs some tweaking, removing the easy links b/t articles, such as years and days (which get linked often, in a quirk of WP style), but it’s ”’wicked fun”’ to use. Sample results:
Barry Bonds →American football →Basketball →January 20 →1970s →Barry Manilow
Cheers →Alcoholism →Clich
free blogging software: wordpress, blosxom, et al
Saturday October 09th 2004, 2:29 pm
WordPress, by mediawiki user Matt, seems like a nice new free option for blogging software. I haven’t looked at it much, or at blosxom recently; but should do. What a britishism!
There’s already a WP-linking patch for wordpress…
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2011 Global Concepts Fall Chess Festival
Come on out and join us for the 2011 Global Concepts Fall Chess Festival! We are excited to announce the addition of a new U1600 adult section for adults looking to play and scholastic players looking to challenge their game! More details on this newly added section are included below.
Date: Saturday, November 19th
Location: Global Concepts Charter School, 1001 Ridge Rd., Lackawanna 14218
Time: Check in by 9:45, first round for all sections begins at 10:00am
There are three scholastic sections to choose from. Unrated, U700 and U1400. 4ss rounds, G/30. The U700 and U1400 sections are USCF rated. Entry fee for scholastic sections is $5.00.
Our new U1600 adult section has no entrance fee. This section will NOT BE RATED by the USCF and will be open to all rated USCF and non-rated players who wish to play friendly games with other adults. Future events in this section (U1600) will be rated depending on the level of interest and participation. Game time for all sections will be G/30, but the new U1600 section will have a delay of 5 sec. added. If you're intending to play in the new U1600 section, please confirm your intended attendance by posting in the comments section below.
Medals will be rewarded to top five in the Urated, U700, U1400 scholastic sections. The U1600 will have certificates for the Top Three.
If you have any questions, or would like to register, please contact Mr. Cirillo at cirilloav@yahoo.com.
We're looking forward to seeing you there and thank you in advance for your support and participation!
Posted by Jenn at 11/07/2011 03:31:00 PM
Jenn November 7, 2011 at 3:53 PM
Sam Santora will play in the U1600 section :).
Bob Simpson November 7, 2011 at 4:47 PM
I will play in the U1600 section. Since this is unrated, you can prepare in advance ... I will play e4 as white!
Vic November 8, 2011 at 10:12 AM
Barring any unforeseen circumstances, I
intend on playing in the U1600 section
--Vic.
Mike Jocko November 9, 2011 at 12:15 PM
I intend to play in the under 1600 section
27th USA JR. CHESS OLYMPICS
Copeland wins in Sardinia
Lockport Knights Make Front Page News!
Global Concepts "Halloween Tournament" Results!
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Pandemic of the vaccinated: CDC says 80% of omicron cases found in fully vaccinated individuals
12/21/2021 / By Olivia Cook
The Centers for Disease Control and Protection (CDC) revealed that an overwhelming 80 percent of the cases attributed to the omicron variant of the Wuhan coronavirus (COVID-19) in the U.S. were in fully vaccinated people. Some of them have also received booster shots.
Meanwhile, Botswana President Mokgweetsi Masisi said that on Nov. 26, the four omicron cases reported and recorded in the country were fully vaccinated diplomats from another location. The new variant was first discovered in Botswana.
A spokesman for the Dutch National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) has also confirmed that around 90 percent of 62 passengers from South Africa who tested positive for the COVID-19 were fully vaccinated – including all of the 14 passengers infected with the omicron variant. (Related: New “omicron” variant so far detected ONLY in the “fully vaccinated.”)
Mutation profile of omicron puts scientists on alert
Officially named the B.1.1.529 variant of COVID-19 and classified as variant of concern by the World Health Organization (WHO), omicron is causing global concern. Many scientists have regarded omicron as the most heavily mutated variant of the coronavirus. Thus far, this COVID-19 variant has been found to have 32 mutations on the spike protein.
Highly transmissible, causing rapid community spread
Recent data from South Africa and other countries, in combination with mutation data, suggest that the omicron variant is highly transmissible.
Omicron has posed a new challenge before the world as it has now been detected in more than 77 countries. The variant has also been detected in at least 30 states in the United States.
“Omicron is spreading at a rate we have not seen with any previous variant,” said WHO Director-General Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus.
Dr. Michelle Groome of the National Institute for Infectious Diseases (NICD) said several provinces in South Africa have reported 19,018 new cases.
Immune evasive
As omicron spreads around the globe, Johannesburg’s University of the Witwatersrand professor, Penny Moore, said: “Omicron does indeed exhibit immune escape from antibodies.”
British scientists have found that two-dose COVID-19 vaccine regimens do not induce enough neutralizing antibodies against omicron.
COVID-19 vaccines offer no meaningful protection
Virologists from South Africa reported that COVID-19 vaccines offer no meaningful protection as measurable antibody levels plummet in the vaccinated over time. They came to this conclusion after measuring antibody levels in blood plasma samples taken from people who had received two doses of Pfizer mRNA and those who received one dose of the Johnson & Johnson vaccine.
Meanwhile, researchers at the University of Hong Kong tested blood samples from 25 people who were fully vaccinated with Sinovac’s COVID-19 vaccine. The study, which used two omicron variants (one from South Africa and one from Nigeria), showed that two doses of China’s Sinovac COVID-19 vaccine failed to generate appreciable numbers of antibodies to neutralize the omicron variants.
Despite the call of leading health experts to halt mass vaccinations given the alarming reports about vaccine safety and efficacy, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Director Dr. Anthony Fauci continues to urge all eligible Americans to get vaccinated.
Fauci even talked about giving up “what you consider your individual right of making your own decision for the greater good of society.” (Related. Dr. Fauci insists Americans have to “give up” individual rights against the new omicron variant.)
On the other hand, United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights Michelle Bachelet said that countries introducing mandates in the fight against COVID-19 must ensure that human rights are respected, stressing that forced vaccination is never acceptable.
She also said that vaccine mandates must comply with the principles of legality, necessity, proportionality and non-discrimination, and in no circumstances should people be forcibly administered a vaccine.
Watch the video below to learn more about the COVID-19 omicron variant.
Follow Vaccines.news for more news and information about COVID-19 vaccines.
NationalFile.com
HennesysView.com
The EpochTimes.com
Tagged Under: Big Pharma, CDC, COVID-19 vaccine, infections, omicron variant, outbreak, pandemic, pharmaceutical fraud, real investigations, research, spike protein, truth, WHO, Wuhan coronavirus
Commercial pilot says his colleagues are “dropping like flies with crushing chest pains” following covid vaccinations
Life insurance policies can refuse payouts for the jabbed because covid vaccines are “medical experiments”
Oregon hospital reports outbreak of rare fungal superbug
Life insurance companies sound DEATH ALERT warnings over nearly 100,000 excess deaths per month happening right now in the USA
New Zealand REWARDING doctors who agree to euthanize covid patients
Austria now a giant PRISON CAMP for the unvaccinated as “lockdown” extended another 10 days
China already planning the next “civilization-killer” virus but Biden regime is playing nice under belief ChiComs want to “co-exist”
Technological parasitism: Covid vaccines appear to contain self-assembling “nano-octopus” microparticles
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Monday, March 2, 2015 - 15:00
Reykjavik University
GPMLS and BMC Seminar Monday, 2nd March in Reykjavik University at 15:00 room V-101
Speaker: Thomas Dickmeis, professor at the Institute of Toxicology and Genetics við Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany
Title: Regulation of cholesterol biogenesis by the glucose-sensing transcription factor MondoA is required for zebrafish epiboly
Abstract: Mondo transcription factors mediate glucose-induced gene transcription and regulate energy metabolism in mammalian tissues. We demonstrate that the zebrafish Mondo pathway equally transduces glucose signaling, showing its conserved function within the vertebrates. Importantly, loss of zebrafish mondoa function severely impairs epiboly, revealing an important role for Mondo signaling in development. Computational analysis of digital scanned laser light sheet microscopy data reveals that the disruption is specific to epiboly, while internalization of cells at the margin occurs with normal migration speed. Furthermore, total cell numbers are highly similar to control embryos, excluding cell proliferation defects as a cause for impaired epiboly. Transcriptome analysis identified Nsdhl, a key enzyme in the cholesterol synthesis pathway, as a main downstream target of MondoA. Consistently, loss of nsdhl function equally impairs epiboly. Cholesterol serves as substrate for the first step of steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone formation. Remarkably, pregnenolone treatment of mondoa morphants rescues microtubule cytoskeleton defects and partially restores epiboly, indicating a crucial function for this hormone downstream of MondoA. Our results link MondoA function to cholesterol and steroid hormone synthesis and reveal a novel role in vertebrate embryonic development for MondoA regulated transcription.
Biography: Thomas Dickmeis was born in Aachen, Germany, in 1971. After studying biology in Aachen, Freiburg (Germany) and Madrid (Spain), he graduated at the University of Freiburg in 1999. He then pursued doctoral studies in the laboratory of Uwe Strähle at the Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC) in Strasbourg, France. In 2002 he received his PhD from the Université Louis Pasteur for his work on target genes of the Nodal signalling pathway in the early zebrafish embryo. After a postdoctoral stay in the laboratory of Nicholas Foulkes at the Max-Planck-Institut für Entwicklungsbiologie, Tübingen, Germany, where he examined connections between the circadian clock, cell proliferation and glucocorticoid signalling in zebrafish larvae, he was appointed research group leader at the Institute of Toxicology and Genetics (ITG) within the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) in Karlsruhe, Germany, in 2008. His current research interests are centered on zebrafish endocrinology and metabolism.
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Gilbert of Gilbert & Sullivan : his life and character, Andrew Crowther
The Resource Gilbert of Gilbert & Sullivan : his life and character, Andrew Crowther
The item Gilbert of Gilbert & Sullivan : his life and character, Andrew Crowther represents a specific, individual, material embodiment of a distinct intellectual or artistic creation found in University of Missouri Libraries.
Crowther, Andrew
The author of The Pirates of Penzance , The Mikado , H.M.S. Pinafore and the other great Savoy libretti, W.S. Gilbert was witty, caustic and disrespectful, one of the celebrities of the late Victorian era. He wrote the most brilliantly inventive plays of his time, and with Arthur Sullivan he wrote comic operas that defined the age. He became richer and more famous than he could have imagined, but at the price of his artistic freedom. In his time Gilbert had been many things: journalist, theatre critic, cartoonist, comic poet, stage director, writer of short stories, dramatist. Andrew Crowther examines W.S. Gilbert from all these angles, using a wealth of sources to tell the story of an angry and quarrelsome man, discontented with himself and the age he lived in, raging at life's absurdities and laughing at them. In this book Gilbert's glorious, contradictory character is explored and brought vividly to life
Gloucestershire, History Press, 2011
272 pages, 8 unnumbered pages of plates
Gilbert of Gilbert & Sullivan : his life and character
Gilbert of Gilbert & Sullivan
his life and character
Andrew Crowther
English drama (Comedy) -- History and criticism
Geschichte 1850-1920
Gilbert, W. S., (William Schwenck), 1836-1911
Gilbert, William S
Librettists -- England -- Biography
Opera -- England -- 19th century
Unterhaltungskunst
Musical theater -- England -- History
ML423.G55
Gilbert, W. S.
Librettists
English drama (Comedy)
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Data Citation of the Item Gilbert of Gilbert & Sullivan : his life and character, Andrew Crowther
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