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Sea trout fishing guide
The silvery sea trout is simply the migratory variant of the brownie you catch in your local lake. But, in keeping with its vast marine environment, it grows into a far larger fish Until recent times it was thought that the sea trout, Salmo trutta as it was originally classified, was an in-dependent species, while brown trout were known as Salmo fario. Scientific opinion now is that they are both of the species Salmo trutta. Even as long ago as 1887 it was asserted that there existed only this latter species of trout in Britain. This uncomplicated classification may satisfy those with a scientific turn of mind, but it does nothing for the angler who finds vast behavioural and environmental differences between the sea trout and the non-migratory ‘brownie’. What, then, is a sea trout? Sadly, a satisfactory answer is not forth-coming and we must accept that the sea trout, for want of factual infor-mation, is nothing more than a migratory brown trout. Just what induced the initial migration is little more than pure speculation; but there is on record the scientific opi-nion that all the family Salmo were of marine origin and that it was the last Ice Age which caused some to be landlocked and others to develop the migratory instinct, perhaps as long ago as 100,000 years.
As with the salmon, therefore, the sea trout’s origins are not fully understood. It follows a very similar life pattern to that of the salmon, and there was a time when our sea trout were simply called salmon-trout. Obviously, all the Salmo species had similar beginnings and for this reason many angling novices have difficulty distinguishing one from the other. There are differences, however, some subtle, others appreciable.
Sea trout’s spawning time
Sea trout usually begin their spawning in October. On average, they are two or three weeks earlier than salmon, but there is no hard and fast rule. November is probably the month of greatest activity but some fish, according to one authority, may spawn throughout the winter. He adds that, although ripe (ready to spawn) sea trout, which have not begun to shed ova or milt, may be seen in January, and very occa-sionally in February, their spawning season is generally shorter than that of the salmon, and much shorter than that of the non-migratory brown trout.
Sea trout prefer smaller gravel than salmon for the construction of the redd in which the eggs are laid and fertilized, and, like salmon, find sand and mud unsuitable. Some will spawn in water barely deep enough to cover their backs, and they may be found in many small Scottish Highland burns with access to the larger river systems.
Smolts in the tideway
As with the salmon, it is the female sea trout which, with broad sweeps of its tail, makes the redd. Females are said to be able to produce 700-800 eggs for each pound of weight, but this is only a very rough guide. Like salmon, and depending on water temperature, a period of 90-120 days elapses before the eggs hatch. Much the same behavioural and growth pattern as in young salmon then occurs , but once the young sea trout smolts hit the tideway they tend to tarry, moving backwards and forwards on every ebb and flow for a much longer period than their salmon counterparts.
After feeding and growing for 2-5 months, some of the smolts which descended in spring to the sea return in summer or autumn to the river. Here they are known by different names—finnock (and variants), whitling, herling, sewin, sprod, peal, among others—according to locality.
Why these small fish spend autumn and winter in their rivers of birth is not known. It is known that only few perform the reproductive act and that most come and go as the whim seizes them, either in-dividually or in shoals; but that the longer they stay in freshwater the more their appearance and condition deteriorate. Many anglers seek them for sport and the table during early spring in the River Spey, for instance, which can be simply heaving with finnock up to the end of April. This seems to be the time when they make for the sea once more.
The anatomical differences bet-ween salmon and sea trout, although subtle, soon become evident. There is, of course, the undisputed scale count from the lateral line to the shoulder, but the tail is the main guide, and usually produces instant recognition. In salmon the tail is slightly forked and even when stret-ched still shows a concave shape. In sea trout the wrist of the tail is different and the tail itself is almost square or convex. All salmon may be picked up by the tail, but if an unidentified fish slides out of the hand it is a fair bet that it is a sea trout. To the trained eye there are several other identifying factors, but for the novice the tail is probably the best guide.
The run upriver
Following a return of the young fish to the sea, many classic rivers will experience the first runs of mature sea trout. On the Spey, for instance, it is quite normal to find fresh sea trout as early as April. But the main runs may still not come until May and June and it frequently happens that the bigger sea trout run the river earlier in the season. Not all these fish will be destined to spawn the following winter.
There is little doubt that most sea trout endeavour to spend some part of their year in freshwater. They are much more nomadic in their migra- tions than salmon. Indeed, only a very small percentage of salmon will ever make more than one freshwater migration. Many die as kelts and of those that do reach the sea again quickly, some fall to marine predators. Sea trout, however, have been known to migrate into freshwater as many as ten times, although there are few facts available on the number of times successful spawning may take place.
Mature sea trout weigh from 1lb to over 20lb but today it is quite an event to catch one over the 10lb mark. Scandinavia has produced some of the largest sea trout cap-tured, while the Dyfi in Wales has yielded at least two specimens of over 20lb. Until March 1969, the British rod-caught record was a fish of 22Jib caught by S R Dwight in 1946, coming from the River Frome in Dorset. Now, the record is open and can be claimed by anyone making an authenticated catch of a 15lb fish or larger.
Like salmon, the returning sea trout does not need to take food in freshwater, but, unlike salmon, does occasionally take food and seems to have a digestive mechanism adquate for this. But since sea trout do not seem to increase in length in freshwater, despite some feeding, they might be expected to suffer less from their stay there than salmon. The species, however, even maiden sea trout, do deteriorate after leaving the sea; and in many districts ripe fish at spawning lose as much weight for length as salmon.
Stored tissue and fat There is little doubt, therefore, that the entire process of staying in freshwater calls upon the sea trout to use up much of its stored tissue and fat. Whatever food it might occasionally take, it certainly does not get sufficient to sustain it. Sea trout which have run the river in April or May can be quite sorry-looking creatures by the end of September, and all sporting anglers will return such fish to the water with as little injury as possible.
On some rivers, of course, the sea trout do not begin to run until July or August. This can be a time when low water might frustrate easy passage up the river. In this respect sea trout are much more tenacious than salmon, and may frequently be seen moving through water barely sufficient to cover their backs.
Like salmon, the sea trout must have water of high purity. Sadly, suitable environments are continually being eroded and there are only a handful of worthwhile rivers in England today. Wales is better, but we look to Scotland for the majority of good rivers. Although more esteemed for its salmon fishing, the Spey is possibly the most prolific sea trout river in the United Kingdom. The Tweed gets good runs of big sea trout which few people ever seem to catch. The small rivers of the west coast and the Isles abound with sea trout, but they are fickle and shy fish.
Superior to the salmon?
As a sporting fish, they are highly prized by anglers, many of whom are of the opinion that good sea trout are not only more sporting than salmon, but superior on the table. Unless the water is high and slightly coloured, the fish can be very difficult to catch in daylight. Night fishing with a fly is the epitome of sport, and on the classic streams it is the most practised method.
The sea trout, therefore, does not yet have to face the pressures now being made on salmon resources. With modest amounts of good husbandry, it seems to be a fish which can take reasonable care of itself, but it must never be seen casually as an indestructible resource. Unless something is done quickly about the erosion of the suitable environment, the sea trout may well pass into history as one of the greatest, but extinct, fishes.
Ray fishing
Wels Catfish Fishing
Barbel fishing guide
Crucian carp fishing guide
Fishing for Thornback ray
Mullet fishing
← Seedbaits
How to fish Chalkstreams →
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Five Facts That No One Will Tell You About Astrology
How Astrology and Celestial Bodies Influence Daily Life
Groups and Associations
Astrology Groups and Associations Across Canada
Six Major Groups and Associations in the Astrology Field
The Mystical Astrology
Understanding Astrology; the Four Elements
Understanding Astrology: An Ultimate and Basic Guide
Astrology is regarded as the science of how planets and stars influence human affairs. They also affect major terrestrial events through their aspects and positions. So, according to astrologers, there are many things that people don’t understand about astrology, such as the following.
Hitler’s Future Was Predicted Through Astrology
Well, no one predicted that the reign of Hitler would be shocking until one astrologer did it. Around 1924, a female approached an astrologer and gave out the birth chart of Hitler to predict his future. According to history resources, Hitler was also an astrology believer. He used to consult astrologers during wars.
There are Fire, Air, Earth, and Water Signs
According to astrologers, there are basically twelve different zodiac signs when it comes to the wheel of astrology. However, they are further categorized into four groups, such as the following:
Water Signs: Embodies Pisces, Scorpio, and Cancer
Fire Signs: Signifies Sagittarius, Leo, and Aries
Earth Signs: Represents Capricorn, Virgo, and Taurus
Air Signs: They represent Aquarius, Libra, and Gemini
Astrologers Predicted the Presidential Victory of Obama
In 2008, professional astrologers universally predicted the victory of Obama. Four years later, they met again and prophesied that Barrack Obama would be victorious again. All these came to pass in 2008 and 2012.
A Sign May Influence the Appearance of a Person
Astrologers believe zodiac signs reflect the appearance of people. This may seem a far-fetched thing, but astrologers strongly believe that these signs come with uncovered physical traits. For instance, a Sagittarius male is considered to have muscular and long legs.
Certain Combinations of Signs Make Relationships Better
A combination of different zodiac signs come with excellent odds of making relationships successful when compared to others. These signs basically offer exciting insights. So, this does not mean that you should only depend on these signs to make your relationship perfect. Other aspects should count too!
According to this article, astrologers play a vital role in political arenas, and they help people to understand their physical appearance. So, if you are an astrology enthusiast, then these facts are meant for you.
astrologytoronto Copyright © 2022.
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Faithful and Fractured
Responding to the Clergy Health Crisis
by: Rae Jean Proeschold-Bell, Jason Byassee
Clergy suffer from certain health issues at a rate higher than the general population. Why are pastors in such poor health? And what can be done to help them step into the abundant life God desires for them?
Although anecdotal observations about poor clergy health abound, concrete data from multiple sources supporting this claim haven't been made accessible--until now. Duke's Clergy Health Initiative (CHI), a major, decade-long research project, provides a true picture of the clergy health crisis over time and shows that improving the health of pastors is possible. Combining the expertise of a health psychology researcher and a leading pastoral theologian, this book brings together the best in social science and medical research, quantifying the poor health of clergy with theological engagement about what can be done about it. Although the study focused on United Methodist ministers, the authors interpret CHI's groundbreaking data for a broad ecumenical readership, explaining that the findings are applicable to all North American clergy. In addition to physical health, the book treads deep into the territory of mental health and spiritual well being, and suggests that increasing the presence of positive mental health may prevent future physical and mental health problems for clergy. The authors weave concrete suggestions tailored to clergy throughout the book.
Preface: The Birth of the Duke Clergy Health Initiative
1. Creatures Doing the Creator's Work
2. When Work Is Holy: Highs and Lows of Ministry Work
3. Slowed Down and Overwhelmed: Clergy and Depressive Symptoms
4. A Practical Guide to Combating Stress Symptoms
5. The Pastor's Paradox: Clergy Health and Disease
6. Feeling Alive: The Role of Positive Emotions
7. Clergy Flourishing: In Their Own Words
8. The Lord Bless You and Keep You
Appendix: Recommendations for Clergy Health Programs
"I've enjoyed being called to pastoral leadership and have felt privileged to help a new generation of pastors into the vocation. But let's face it: church can be demanding, difficult, and even toxic for those who try to lead. The research reported and skillfully interpreted in Faithful and Fractured can be of great help to those of us who oversee pastors and to pastors themselves. The greatest challenge that pastors face is perseverance in our vocation. This book offers tested, proven guidance for us to remain faithful even when we are fractured by the vocation to which God has called us."
Will Willimon, professor of the practice of Christian ministry, Duke Divinity School; United Methodist bishop, retired; author of Pastor: The Theology and Practice of Ordained Leadership
"There are plenty of books outlining how difficult the work of ministry is and the toll it takes on the men and women who do it. There are far fewer resources that point to what can be done to reverse the damage. Faithful and Fractured honestly assesses the problem and then goes on to break new ground, describing practical ways that clergy can build positive mental health to not only survive ministry but also flourish while doing it. Finally, a book that not only prevents clergy from burning out but also teaches them how to thrive."
Matt Miofsky, lead pastor of The Gathering; author of Happy? What It Is and How to Find It
"An invaluable resource for clergy and for all who care for them, especially their therapists, spiritual directors, and judicatory leaders. This book should be required reading for every seminary student. May the wisdom that is reflected in these pages become a way of life for pastors in the years ahead."
Elaine Heath, dean, Duke Divinity School
"Pastoring is a dangerous, glorious journey. Drawing on extensive research on the lives of working pastors, Rae Jean Proeschold-Bell and Jason Byassee offer a life-giving path for pastors to become fully alive. Follow the deep and practical wisdom of this book and watch your life and ministry flourish."
Ken Shigematsu, pastor of Tenth Church, Vancouver, British Columbia; author of God in My Everything
"Bravo! Proeschold-Bell and Byassee's Faithful and Fractured is as important as it is urgent. Christian ministry is a high calling and a gift, yet it is beset by profound challenges and difficulties. The rigorous work of the Clergy Health Initiative, supported generously by The Duke Endowment, provides significant quantitative and qualitative data on which to base new strategies and actions. The future of ministry will be much brighter and more life giving if we pay attention to this beautifully crafted, substantive book."
L. Gregory Jones, Williams Professor of Theology and Christian Ministry and former dean, Duke Divinity School
"Faithful and Fractured makes clear a great many things about pastoral ministry that I had only vaguely understood before. I found myself nodding, smiling--or, as often, grimacing--with recognition at every page. In particular, the book provides an illuminating account of the paradoxical nature of ministry, which may simultaneously deplete and strengthen, discourage and reward. Faithful and Fractured is based on thorough research but provides much more than mere analysis. It commends a way for us to be fully alive and thus to live fully to the glory of God."
Craig C. Hill, dean, Perkins School of Theology, Southern Methodist University
"The health of a clergy person shapes and is shaped by the health of a congregation. Clergy are motivated by a divine calling, and yet we have the 'treasure of the gospel in earthen vessels' (2 Cor. 4). The strength of this major research initiative lies in its combination of data and narrative, social scientific rigor and theological wisdom, description and practical guidance. We now know a great deal more about the health and well-being of clergy--which encompasses survival, resilience, and flourishing--and we are greatly indebted to Rae Jean Proeschold-Bell and Jason Byassee."
Bishop Ken Carter, resident bishop, Florida area, the United Methodist Church
"In this insightful, interesting, and informative new book by Proeschold-Bell and Byassee, one comes to understand the wear and tear clergy experience in serving others and in answering their vocation. Stress occurs in all jobs, but when one's job is also a ministry, it is not as easy to walk away from such a vocation. This readable, well-researched book provides current science to the profession of clergy work. It is a book that scholars and others need if they plan to understand that service is stressful--even the shepherd can get lost and will need time to be refreshed."
Joseph R. Ferrari, professor of psychology and Vincent de Paul Professor, DePaul University
"This is likely the most important study to date on clergy health and sustainability. Proeschold-Bell and Byassee offer expansive research and practical wisdom for weary ministers. I'm hopeful their work is helpful to current pastors and is also translated into better pathways of preparation and training for future pastors."
Chuck DeGroat, professor of pastoral care and counseling, senior fellow, Newbigin House of Studies; licensed professional counselor, Michigan
Satsuki "Sunshine" Scoville
Rae Jean Proeschold-Bell
Rae Jean Proeschold-Bell (PhD, Arizona State University) is associate research professor of global health at the Duke Global Health Institute and the Duke Center for Health Inequalities and Research in Durham, North Carolina. Her research focuses on the joint...
Continue reading about Rae Jean Proeschold-Bell
Jason Byassee
Jason Byassee (PhD, Duke University) is the inaugural Butler Chair in Homiletics and Biblical Hermeneutics at Vancouver School of Theology in Vancouver, British Columbia. He previously served as senior pastor of Boone United Methodist Church in the Western...
Continue reading about Jason Byassee
"Byassee's proclamatory gems in this book are food for the soul (and possibly for sermons). The book might be best read chapter-by-chapter, with discussion. Its dialogue format invites real-life dialogue by clergy or other groups interested in clergy health. One dares hope a personnel committee and their pastor might be interested!"
Barbara Hedges-Goettl, APC,
Sharing the Practice
"This book is one of my must-reads for this year. . . . It offers a rich interplay between the voice of a researcher (Proeschold-Bell) and the voice of a theologian and former pastor (Byassee). . . . Ideas abound for clergy and others in ministry, for parishioners, personnel committees, lay leaders, for those in supervisory capacities. . . . If you're concerned about clergy health, if you're interested in working on your health as a person in ministry, I highly recommend this book."
April Yamasaki,
When You Work for the Church blog
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Big Brother: Timebomb
Day -9: Top five moments from Big Brother: Power Trip
Big Brother: TimebombNewsPre-Series
By Jarrod Last updated May 4, 2015
While we wait for the new series of Big Brother, let’s take a look back at the top five moments from Big Brother 2014
5. The Power’s First Twist
While the series theme wasn’t loved by everybody, the first twist of the series still remains a highlight. On Day 1, Pauline was crowned the first power Housemate of the series by the public and was given the choice to punish and reward two Housemates. She decided to reward Mark – who was given £5,000 – and punish Matthew – who was excluded from the first night in the House, and suspended above the garden in a clear box. The following day, Pauline was given the chance to reward a Housemate with the pass to the final, which she gave to Helen.
4. Armageddon Week
Big Brother decided to pull a massive twist on the Housemates during the sixth week, as Armageddon hit the House. On Day 40, three new Housemates entered the House – Biannca, Pav and Zoe. The original Housemates were told by Big Brother that they would be facing eviction, however this was a lie and in reality the three newbies would face the public vote. All on the same day, Marlon was evicted in a surprise eviction. On Day 44, Kimberly temporarily left the Big Brother House due to illness but never returned, and Biannca was evicted alongside Danielle in a surprising double eviction.
3. Housemates break into the camera runs
On Day 64, the Housemates were getting bored and decided that they would break into the camera runs of the Big Brother House! Helen, Ash and Winston all escaped the bedroom but were soon returned to the House by security.
2. The Assassins Task
Ashleigh.
On Day 27, Big Brother set Housemates their next shopping task – The Assassins task. The Housemates were required to take on different roles. Some became assassins while one took on the role as the detective. The assassins were required to “kill” other Housemates who would then move into the morgue that was located in the task room. This task provided some of the more entertaining moments of the series, with Mark being covered in gunge in bed!
1. The time where Ashleigh was given immunity from eviction, then got it taken off her and still survived eviction from the House
On Day 47, the power returned to the House in the form of the power alliance. The alliance was between Chris, Ashleigh and Mark. As part of their role, they were given immunity from the public vote. However, on Day 48, Big Brother announced that after the final nominations line up had been revealed, that one of them would be given the chance to save themselves.
The alliance was forced to reveal themselves, save a Housemate from eviction and then nominate one of themselves for eviction. They saved Ash and then nominated Ashleigh for eviction. Even after this, she survived eviction and went on to finish in second place.
There we are, our countdown of the top 5 moments from Big Brother: Power Trip! What about your moments from last year? Let us know in the comments below.
Day -11: Who should re-enter the House for Big Brother: Timebomb?
Day -8: Top five houses Big Brother House designs
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You are here: Home » 1881 » POCAHONTAS » POCAHONTAS: STORY AND SPECIFICATIONS
POCAHONTAS: STORY AND SPECIFICATIONS
Yves GARY Published: 22 April 2016 Hits: 3103
Category: POCAHONTAS
In canvassing the list of American boats fast enough to put against the Canadian challenger of 1881, the New York Yacht Club decided that the sloop Arrow was the most desirable. She was of David Kirby's build, but being owned by a non-member of the New York Yacht Club, Mr. Ross Winans, of Baltimore, she was not considered available.
While the question of buying the Arrow was being debated by members of ...
... the New York Yacht Club, Mr. Kirby, hearing of the needs of the club, agreed to build a boat faster than the Arrow. He was given a contract to do so, by the flag officers of the club, John R. Waller, Commodore, James D. Smith, Vice-Commodore, and Herman Oelrichs, Rear-Commodore.
She was a centre-board sloop, 72 feet 6 inches over all, 65 feet water line, 21 feet 6 inches beam, 7 feet 10 inches depth, and 6 feet and 7 inches draft, a typical old-fashioned single-sticker, built from a model whittled out, and scaled by the eye. She presented an inconsistency often noted in rule-of-thumb models, one part of her, the bows, being fine and fair, while another part, the counters and stern, was heavy and crude.
The new yacht, Pocahontas, was late in completion, she started in the trial races with no tuning-up and in very poor condition. She was also oversparred, and developed no speed, her racing career being confined to three trial races. The first took place October 13th, 1881, the competing yachts being the sloops Gracie, Hildegard, Mischief, and Pocahontas. Hildegard and Pocahontas lost their topmasts, and Mischief beat Gracie. The second trial took place on October 19th, and, Hildegard withdrawing, Gracie beat Mischief 3 m. 49 s., Pocahontas being distanced. Next day Mischief beat Gracie by 14 s., Pocahontas again being far behind.
Her failure was a very severe blow to her builder and he put out a strong protest against the manner in which the tuning-up and trials were conducted. By the time of the next challenge, four years later, the American sloop was a thing of the past.
The showing made by this first yacht built for cup defence was a great disappointment to her owners, but they took their ill fortune with commendable philosophy, and Pocahontas was promptly retired, to enter on an unsung career as a cruiser.
The Pocahontas was sold at auction in the salesrooms of Brown & Seccomb, Broad-street, on May 6, 1885. The famous schooner yacht Montauk was knocked down for $24,000, Pocahontas was next put up by Mr. Brown, and, after a brief period of bidding, was bought by Frederick Tams for only $2,950. The Pocahontas cost $14,000.
In 1901 she was enrolled in the New York Yacht Club fleet, after an absence from the club list of some years.
POCAHONTAS : DATA TABLE
Designer David Kirby
Builder David Kirby yard
Owner John R. Waller, Commodore, James D. Smith, Vice-Commodore, and Herman Oelrichs, Rear-Commodore
Club N.Y.Y.C.
Cup 1881
Afterguard
Launching August 9, 1881
Type centre-board sloop
Hull material Wood
Mast material Wood
L.O.A. 71'
L.W.L. 65'
Beam 21'
Draft 5' 9½"
Mainmast 21,98 m
Mainboom 19,95 m
Bowsprit 9,11 m
Maintopmast 12,87 m
Maingaff 10,70 m
Displacement 84 tons
Sail area 6178 sq. ft.
Download DELFTSHIP LINES : Delftship file to finish and background images
PICTURES OF POCAHONTAS
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The music of Farhan Akhtar’s much awaited film, ‘Karthik Calling Karthik’, was released recently at a suburban multiplex of Mumbai amidst the cast and crew of the film. The trio of Shankar Ehsaan Loy has introduced a new singer in the film, Elisa Mendonsa, who happens to be Loy’s daughter.
Talking most the music of the film, Farhan said, “Shankar Ehsaan Loy could never manage to disappoint anyone with their music. Honestly, Karthik Calling Karthik has some of the prizewinning songs heard. I hope everyone will like it as me.”
Explaining the reason for not having sung himself for any song in the film, Farhan said, “There was no need for me to sound in this flick since my character didn’t required to. Karthik doesn’t even talk much in the flick so if I move singing, it would look out of character. Even in Luck By Chance I didn’t sing. In Rock On, singing was an integral part of the performance. So it depends on the film.”
Talking most the flick and its making, Director Vijay Lalwani said, “This is my prototypal flick and I desperately wanted to get the flick made. So honestly, I never thought whom to cast as Karthik. For me, Karthik was the main character in my story. When we started our consort Magic Beans, Amit and I thought why not try Excel out. I narrated the script to Farhan and he was on. Even Deepika said yes to it, which was surprising. So everything fell into place.”
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PA Game Commission Pheasant Chick And Egg Program Comes To An End
HARRISBURG, PA - Two long-running programs that enabled groups and individuals to
raise pheasants for release in their local areas have come to an end due to financially driven changes to the Game Commission’s pheasant propagation program.
The Pheasant Chick Program, started in 1933, provided day-old pheasant chicks free of charge to sportsmen’s organizations with approved propagation facilities. And the Day-Old Pheasant Hen Chick and Surplus Egg Programs enabled properly permitted organizations and individuals to buy chicks and eggs to raise and release.
Each of the programs served to augment the pheasant releases the Game Commission conducts each year before and during the pheasant hunting season. The birds that went to sportsmen's organizations were released on lands open to public hunting.
In an effort to cut costs, however, the Game Commission is implementing changes to its pheasant propagation program. The agency recently announced the closure of two pheasant farms, and will rely on the remaining two farms for all production. In closing the farms, the agency has also released birds that would have been kept as breeding stock.
Rather than raising chicks from the eggs laid by these birds, the agency will purchase day-old chicks from a privately owned breeder, and raise those birds for release.
Purchasing chicks is more cost-effective. And in making the switch and eliminating 14 positions that had been held by game-farm workers, the agency expects to save $1.5 million in the coming year.
The Board of Game Commissioners also is discussing creation of a $25 permit that would be required for all adult pheasant hunters, and would further help pay for Pennsylvania’s propagation program.
The application period for pheasant egg and chick programs traditionally opened in January.
Organizations and individuals that had planned on taking part in the program in 2017 might still be able to obtain pheasant eggs from private propagators.
Unlike most state agencies, the Pennsylvania Game Commission in not funded by tax dollars. It relies primarily on revenue generated through the purchase of hunting and furtaker licenses – the fees for which are set by the General Assembly and have not been adjusted for inflation in nearly two decades.
“Cost-cutting measures, like the changes we’re implementing to the pheasant propagation program are necessary to balance the agency’s budget until a license-fee increase finally is approved,” said R. Matthew Hough, the Game Commission’s executive director. “We’ve had to make a lot of difficult decisions in recent years, and a lot of them probably went unnoticed because initially we cut in areas we knew would have the least impact on those who rely on the services we offer. But as we’re forced to make bigger and more significant cuts at the program level, there’s no avoiding the impact to services. Unfortunately, more cuts will be needed to balance the budget for the coming fiscal year, and Pennsylvania’s citizens and wildlife resources have begun feeling the impact.”
Labels: Game Commission, Youth Pheasant Hunt
Hunter shatters Pennsylvania record with non-typic...
PA Game Commission Pheasant Chick And Egg Program ...
Fisher Resurgence: Once extinct in Pennsylvania fo...
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Tag Archives: Hiroyuki Sakurada
Monday Memos: Interview with voice actor Ben Diskin
Home | Interviews | Monday Memos: Interview with voice actor Ben Diskin
Hello people of the internet!!! On today’s ‘Monday Memos’ I have an awesome new interview with actor Ben Diskin for y’all to check out. If you’re a fan of shows such as: Naruto, Bleach, Codename: Kids Next Door, Hey Arnold, Zoey 101, and Digimon Fusion then you probably already know who Ben is (he’s done A LOT of other films/anime/other projects., it just would take too long to list them all). I had the amazing opportunity to ask Ben a few questions about his background, the acting industry, and his roles as Shoutmon and Cutemon on Digimon Fusion. So if y’all are ready, let’s jump into the interview!
Celinda: Hi Ben! So first of all, how did you first get into the entertainment industry?
Ben: I got into the entertainment industry while I was still a fetus. People think I’m joking when I say that, but it’s honestly true. Both of my parents are actors and while I was developing in my Mom’s womb, their agent told them he’d like to represent me when I was born. They signed the paperwork and I had representation before I’d taken my first breath.
Celinda: Wow that is such a cool story. So what do you wish you would have known about being an actor before getting into the business?
Ben: I really wish I’d known to keep my mouth shut. When you’re a kid and you don’t know any better, you want to tell all your friends about jobs you’re working on because you’re so excited about what you’ve just done. The trouble with that is it makes you look like a braggart and people make some pretty unfair judgements about your personality. As a kid, I told anyone who’d listen that I was in Kindergarten Cop with Arnold Schwarzenegger. This got out to the whole school and suddenly I’d made a bunch of new “friends.” These kids thought I was a movie star, rich, and really cool. Once it dawned on them that I was none of those things, they called me a liar, a brat, and a fake. I went from being popular to being teased mercilessly and it made me want to quit acting. To this day, I tend to keep my mouth shut about projects I’m working on because a part of me fears the same thing will happen.
Celinda: So how did you transition into voice acting?
Ben: I was with the CED (now CESD) Talent Agency since I was a baby and they’ve been one of the top dogs for VO work for several decades. One day I was approached by one of the voice over agents to do a radio spot audition. I didn’t know how to read very well at the time, so he had to dictate my dialogue to me and have me repeat it. My first major moment in voice over was doing an animated series called Problem Child (based on the movies with John Ritter.) When I realized that no one, not even my closest friends, recognized my voice coming from the cartoon character, I knew what I wanted to do for the rest of my life. Being able to act without dealing with any of the “fame” was exactly what I was looking for.
Celinda: Very cool. So in your opinion, what’s the biggest difference between on-camera acting & voice acting?
Ben: Focus. When you’re acting on camera, there are several tools at your disposal. You have your expressions, your gestures, your body language, your blocking, and your voice to properly convey the emotions of your character. In voice over, you’re forced to focus on just one aspect of acting: the voice. With an on-camera character, I can subtly raise an eyebrow to convey suspicion. In voice over, you have to vocally convey that same subtle eyebrow raise. When everything is filtered through the voice, it can be like a blind man trying to understand the world using only touch and smell.
Celinda: So moving on to Digimon (which is currently airing its’ second season on Nicktoons), were you a fan before working on the franchise?
Ben: I was ABSOLUTELY a big fan of Digimon! I loved those shows!
Celinda: Since you were already a fan of Digimon, what was it like to work on a show that you had previously enjoyed as a viewer?
Ben: It was a major honor to get to work on this show. I’d been hoping Xros Wars would get a dub ever since it came out in Japan, but after a couple of years went by, I’d lost hope of that ever happening. When I got the audition, I freaked out. XD The show is a lot of fun to work on for me, since my major anime influence is Dragonball Z. I play a character who yells like crazy and it reminds me of why I wanted to do this in the first place.
Celinda: I just want to say that you do a terrific job voicing Shoutmon & Cutemon. Do you record their scenes in different sessions? (y’all can check out a clip of Shoutmon & Cutemon in Digimon Fusion below)
Ben: Thank you! We typically record all of one character’s lines and then go back to the beginning of the episode for a second pass to record the other.
Celinda: So Shoutmon & Cutemon’s voices sound so distinct, what process do you go through to prepare your voice so you can give each character a unique personality?
Ben: It depends on when we record the episode. The Cutemon voice is extremely finicky. I can’t do it too early in the morning or too late in the day. If it’s an early morning session, Shoutmon has to go first. Because he’s such a loud, scratchy-voiced character, his voice warms up my vocal cords so I can do Cutemon. If the session is in the afternoon, my voice is already warmed up from being awake all day and I’ll have to do Cutemon first before it gets too late. Doing Shoutmon at this point will actually stress my vocal cords too much and Cutemon will sound really scratchy and weird. As for giving them unique personalities, I feel like they’re written differently enough that it comes out naturally.
Celinda: Wow, that’s so interesting! So I know that you’ve voiced a lot of great characters throughout your career, is there a specific character that you haven’t already voiced that you would like to someday?
Ben: Ummm….……. You know, I never know how to answer this question. I look at each role I get as a small victory in and of itself. I don’t really lust after particular roles; I just see what life brings my way.
Celinda: Ok, so what advice do you have for anyone who wants to get into voice acting?
Ben: The voice acting industry is full of opportunities but it’s also very tricky to get started in. My best advice would be to make sure you understand what you’re getting involved in. If you want this to be your career, you’ll have to move to where the work is, take lessons, make connections, and struggle for years to get people to give you a chance even if you’re already very good. Making a career out of voice acting alone isn’t very common, so make sure you don’t overestimate your abilities. Just because your friends or family tell you you’re good at doing cartoon voices isn’t an indication that this is your future. Remember, if you’re going to be a voice actor, you have to be an actor. This isn’t “doing voices” or “doing impressions;” it’s acting. Can’t act? Don’t waste your time. It’s as simple as that.
Celinda: Lastly, is there anything you would like to tell your fans who are reading this interview?
Ben: Thanks a lot for watching Digimon Fusion!! Season 2 is airing right now on NickToons; go watch it!!!
Keep up with everything Ben is doing:
Twitter: Ben Diskin (@BenjaminDiskin) | Twitter
Facebook Fan Page: Ben Diskin’s Official Fanpage | Facebook
All credit goes to Ben Diskin, CESD talent agency, Nicktoons, Digimon, Digimon Xros Wars, Digimon Fusion, Twitter, Facebook, Tomoharu Matsuhisa, Hiroyuki Sakurada, TV Asahi, Toei Animation, Yuki Nakashima, Tetsuya Endo, Riku Sanjo, Kousuke Yamashita, Noam Kaniel, Saban Brands, ABC, NBN, QAB, Kidz TV, GO!, YTV, Disney XD, Kix, CITV, Nickelodeon, The CW (Vortexx), Namco Bandai, Colleen O’Shaughnessy, all companies, individuals, corporations, and/or businesses that should recieve credit for anything mentioned in this blog post, and all original owners. I do not own anything in this blog. If any people, corporations, businesses, companies, etc, were not previously given credit for their work, they are given credit now and their previous absence was unintentional. All opinions expressed in this blog are my own. I wrote this blog for entertainment purposes and no copyright infringement is intended.
celindareyesblog March 23, 2015 No Comments on Monday Memos: Interview with voice actor Ben Diskin. Category: Interviews, Monday Memos. Tagged: abc, amazing, animated, anime, Ben Diskin, cartoon, CESD talent agency, children, CITV, Colleen O'Shaughnessy, cutemon, digidestined, Digimon, digimon adventure, Digimon Fusion, Digimon Xros Wars, digivice, Disney XD, facebook, fighter, fusion, fusion loader, GO!, Hiroyuki Sakurada, kids, Kidz TV, Kix, Kousuke Yamashita, Namco Bandai, NBN, new, nickelodeon, Nicktoons, Noam Kaniel, QAB, Riku Sanjo, Saban Brands, shoutmon, show, teens, Tetsuya Endo, The CW (Vortexx), Toei Animation, Tomoharu Matsuhisa, tri, tv, TV Asahi, twitter, YTV, Yuki Nakashima.
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Padres 6, Dodgers 5: Bleh
Chad Moriyama 09/28/2016 Recaps 28 Comments
After winning five games in a row, a run that ended with the clinch of the NL West, the Dodgers have now lost two games on the road to the Padres. Of course they did.
6-5 was the score of today’s game, as neither team scored after the fourth.
If Jose De Leon was auditioning for his playoff roster spot, then he failed to get the part. JDL labored through 69 pitches in just 2.1 innings, giving up five runs, though only three were earned. While the four hits were important, more concerning were the three walks and only one strikeout.
During the first inning, De Leon was throwing 90-91 mph and was victimized by a Corey Seager error that cost two runs in a three-run first. However, from then on he was in his more normal range of 92-94 mph. Unfortunately, that didn’t necessarily make him a ton more effective, and he ended up making history when Hunter Renfroe (who is the new Paul Goldschmidt) hit the first homer ever on top of the building in left.
Good gracious, what a shot.
Josh Ravin was then brought on to get out of the third, and he did so on six pitches, striking out one batter.
The offense actually got things started early today, with both Chase Utley and Adrian Gonzalez hitting solo homers in the first inning.
A-Gon, of course, was removed last night with a sinus infection and is still feeling under the weather. So what better time for Joc Pederson to mock the hell out of him for it.
But hey, it was working, and A-Gon again came through for the Dodgers in the third, driving in Seager with a double to the right-center field gap. And whatever Joc got from touching A-Gon after making fun of him was contagious, because he proceeded to launch a homer in the fourth with Andrew Toles on base.
I guess Joc’s thing is that bat sling now.
On the mound, Ross Stripling came out of the bullpen to do the hard work again, giving the Dodgers 43 pitches and three innings, striking out four batters and surrendering just two hits. Technically he did give up an earned run, but really it was a ball Seager should’ve handled at short and thrown the runner out at home, and it was a day to forget for Corey since that ended up being the winning run.
Jesse Chavez was the next reliever to get the ball, as he took over for Stripling in the seventh. Chavez pitched a scoreless frame, allowing a hit but striking out a batter. Luis Avilan did the same in the eighth, with his strikeout coming against the mighty Renfroe.
But the offense didn’t score after the fourth inning, which certainly wasn’t helped by an 0-for-3 performance with RISP. But more than that, it was just a lack of chances today.
The loss drops the Dodgers to 90-68 on the year and 37-40 on the road. The Nationals lost in a rain-shortened game today, so their lead in home-field advantage in the NLDS remains at 2 games.
The Dodgers and Padres complete the series tomorrow at 3:10 PM HST/6:10 PM PST/9:10 PM EST on SportsNet LA. The matchup will be Julio Urias (3.53 ERA/3.26 FIP/4.18 DRA), auditioning for the fourth starter role in the playoffs, against fellow lefty Christian Friedrich (4.66 ERA/4.26 FIP/5.25 DRA).
Previous Dodgers @ Padres September 28, 2016: De León vs. Perdomo
Next Bellinger, Verdugo, Calhoun among 8 Dodgers headed to Arizona Fall League
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Demand Media slates GAC’s new gTLDs demands
Kevin Murphy, May 9, 2013, Domain Policy
Demand Media has become the first new gTLD applicant to put its head above the parapet and tell ICANN that its latest batch of Governmental Advisory Committee advice is unworkable.
While its comment on the GAC’s Beijing communique is very diplomatically worded, it’s obvious that Demand reckons most of the “safeguard” advice it contains would be difficult, if not impossible, to implement.
The company has urged ICANN to refuse to adopt the advice, saying:
the spirit and actual letter of the GAC Advice related to these additional safeguards comes in a manner and form that is completely antithetical and contrary to ICANN’s bottom-up, multi-stakeholder, consensus-driven policy development process. Because the proposed safeguards, if implemented, would effectively change how new gTLDs are managed, sold, distributed, registered, operated, and used in the marketplace, the GAC Advice is tantamount to making “top-down,” dictatorial, non-consensus, policy which undermines the entire ICANN model. If ICANN chose to adopt any one of these three safeguards, ICANN itself would lose all legitimacy.
Demand seems to agree with many of the points raised in this DI post from a few weeks ago related to the GAC’s demand that hundreds of new gTLD registries should compel their registrants to stick to data security standards when they handle sensitive financial or healthcare data.
The GAC’s advice is extremely broad here and pays scant attention to the innumerable implementation questions raised. As such, Demand says in its comment (filed by applying subsidiary United TLD Holdco):
United TLD believes applicable laws and recognized industry standards should be developed and implemented by appropriate legislative, law enforcement and industry expert bodies and should not be developed by the registry operator.
It also takes issue with the GAC’s demand for registry operators to “establish a working relationship with the relevant regulatory body including developing a strategy to mitigate abuse.”
The company points out that many TLDs listed in the Beijing communique will have multiple uses, and even if there is a regulatory body for a subsection of registrants, it may not cover all.
For example, should a software engineer (an unregulated profession) have to agree to abide by rules developed for civil engineers when they register a .engineer domain name?
it would be inappropriate, and impossible, to find a “relevant regulatory body” with whom to establish a relationship related to the use of .ENGINEER. Additionally, what if the relevant regulatory body simply declined to work with a registry operator or does not respond to requests for collaboration?
The Demand comment is full of examples of problems such as this.
In broader terms, however, the registrar and applicant is utterly opposed to the GAC’s insistence that “certain” unspecified gTLDs representing regulated sectors should be forced, in effect, to transform into tightly restricted sponsored gTLDs.
The GAC wants these applicants to forge tight links with regulatory and self-regulatory bodies and vet each registrant’s credentials before allowing domains to be registered.
Demand said:
applicants, including United TLD, submitted their new gTLD applications believing that that they would be operating, managing and distributing generic TLDs. These three Safeguards completely change the nature of the new TLDs from being generic and widely available, to being “sponsored” TLDs restricted only to those individuals who must prove their status or credentials entitling them to register domain names with certain extensions. These three Safeguards are patently adverse to the core purpose of the new gTLD program and ICANN’s mission generally which is to promote consumer choice and competition.
While Demand is the first application to slam the GAC advice as a whole (a few others have submitted preliminary comments on specific subsets of advice), I’m certain it won’t be the last.
That said, .secure applicant Artemis Internet submitted what is possibly the most amusing example of “sucking up” I’ve ever seen in an ICANN public comment period.
The company actually requests to be added to the list of strings covered by the GAC advice on the grounds that its application was so gosh-darn wonderful it already planned to do all that stuff anyway.
I expect, by the time the comment period closes next Tuesday the prevailing mood from applicants will be more Demand and less Artemis.
Could this be ICANN’s most important public comment period ever?
How much power should governments have over the domain name industry? Should the industry be held responsible for the actions of its customers? Are domain names the way to stop crime?
These are some of the questions likely to be addressed during ICANN’s latest public comment period, which could prove to be one of the most important consultations it’s ever launched.
ICANN wants comments on governmental advice issued during the Beijing meeting two weeks ago, which sought to impose a broad regulatory environment on new gTLD registries.
According to this morning’s announcement:
[ICANN’s Board New gTLD Committee] has directed staff to solicit comment on how it should address one element of the advice: safeguards applicable to broad categories of New gTLD strings. Accordingly, ICANN seeks public input on how the Board New gTLD Committee should address section IV.1.b and Annex I of the GAC Beijing Communiqué.
Annex 1 of the Beijing communique is the bit in which the GAC told ICANN to impose sweeping new rules on new gTLD registries. It’s only a few pages long, but that’s because it contains a shocking lack of detail.
For all new gTLDs, the GAC wants ICANN to:
Apply a set of abuse “safeguards” to all new gTLDs, including mandatory annual Whois accuracy audits. Domain names found to use false Whois would be suspended by the registry.
Force all registrants in new gTLDs to provide an abuse point of contact to the registry.
Make registries responsible for adjudicating complaints about copyright infringement and counterfeiting, suspending domains if they decide (how, it’s not clear) that laws are being broken.
For the 385 gTLD applications deemed to represent “regulated or professional sectors”, the GAC wants ICANN to:
Reject the application unless the applicant partners with an appropriate industry trade association. New gTLDs such as .game, .broadway and .town could only be approved if they had backing from “relevant regulatory, or industry self-regulatory, bodies” for gaming, theater and towns, for example.
Make the registries responsible for policing registrants’ compliance with financial and healthcare data security laws.
Force registries to include references to organic farming legislation in their terms of service.
For gTLD strings related to “financial, gambling, professional services, environmental, health and fitness, corporate identifiers, and charity” the GAC wants even more restrictions.
Essentially, it’s told ICANN that a subset of the strings in those categories (it didn’t say which ones) should only be operated as restricted gTLDs, a little like .museum or .post are today.
It probably wouldn’t be possible for a poker hobbyist to register a .poker domain in order to blog about his victories and defeats, for example, unless they had a license from an appropriate gambling regulator.
Attempting to impose last-minute rules on applicants appears to reverse one of the GAC’s longstanding GAC Principles Regarding New gTLDs, dating back to 2007, which states:
All applicants for a new gTLD registry should therefore be evaluated against transparent and predictable criteria, fully available to the applicants prior to the initiation of the process. Normally, therefore, no subsequent addition selection criteria should be used in the selection process.
The Beijing communique also asks ICANN to reconsider allowing singular and plural versions of the same string to coexist, and says “closed generic” or “exclusive access” single-registrant gTLDs must serve a public interest purpose or be rejected.
There’s a lot of stuff to think about in the communique.
But ICANN’s post-Beijing problem isn’t whether it should accept the GAC’s advice, it’s to first figure out what the hell the GAC is actually asking for.
Take this bit, for example:
Registry operators will require that registrants who collect and maintain sensitive health and financial data implement reasonable and appropriate security measures commensurate with the offering of those services, as defined by applicable law and recognized industry standards.
This one paragraph alone raises a whole bunch of extremely difficult questions.
How would registry operators identify which registrants are handling sensitive data? If .book has a million domains, how would the registry know which are used to sell books and which are just reviewing them?
How would the registries “require” adherence to data security laws? Is it just a case of paying lip service in the terms of service, or do they have to be more proactive?
What’s a “reasonable and appropriate security measure”? Should a .doctor site that provides access to healthcare information have the same security as one that merely allows appointments to be booked? What about a .diet site that knows how fat all of its users are? How would a registry differentiate between these use cases?
Which industry standards are applicable here? Which data security laws? From which country? What happens if the laws of different nations conflict with each other?
If a registry receives a complaint about non-compliance, how on earth does the registry figure out if the complaint is valid? Do they have to audit the registrant’s security practices?
What should happen if a registrant does not comply with these laws or industry standards? Does its domain get taken away? One would assume so, but the GAC, for some reason, doesn’t say.
The ICANN community could spend five years discussing these questions, trying to build a framework for registries to police security compliance, and not come to any consensus.
The easier answer is of course: it’s none of ICANN’s business.
Is it ICANN’s job to govern how web sites securely store and transmit healthcare data? I sure hope not.
And those are just the questions raised by one paragraph.
The Beijing communique as a whole is a perplexing, frustrating mess of ideas that seems to have been hastily cobbled together from a governmental wish-list of fixes for perceived problems with the internet.
It lacks detail, which suggests it lacks thought, and it’s going to take a long time for the community to discuss, even as many affected new gTLD applicants thought they were entering the home stretch.
Underlying everything, however, is the question of how much weight the GAC’s advice — which is almost always less informed than advice from any other stakeholder group — should carry.
ICANN CEO Fadi Chehade and chair Steve Crocker have made many references recently to the “multi-stakeholder model” actually being the “multi-equal-stakeholder model”.
This new comment period is the first opportunity the other stakeholders get to put this to the test.
ICANN starts the clock on new gTLD GAC advice
The over 500 new gTLD applicants affected by Governmental Advisory Committee advice on their bids have 21 days from today to file their responses officially with ICANN.
But there’s still some confusion about who exactly is expected to file responses, given the extraordinary breadth of the advice contained within the GAC’s Beijing communique.
ICANN today put applicants on formal notice of the publication of the Beijing communique, which actually came out a week ago, and said applicants have until May 10 to respond to the ICANN board.
What it didn’t do is say which applicants are affected. Technically, it could be all of them.
The Beijing communique contains six “safeguards” related to things such as abuse and security, which it said “should apply to all new gTLDs”.
On a more granular level, the GAC has called out, we believe, 517 individual applications that should not be approved or that should not be approved unless they do what the GAC says.
The Beijing communique, it could be argued, throws the whole new gTLD program into disarray, and this is the first chance applicants will get to put their views directly in writing to the ICANN board.
GAC threat looms over ICANN Beijing
Kevin Murphy, April 8, 2013, Domain Policy
How the Governmental Advisory Committee handles its advice on new gTLD applications seems to be a big worry at the ICANN public meeting in Beijing this week.
During a session yesterday, new gTLD program vice president Christine Willett was peppered with questions about the approval process going forward, many of which related to the GAC.
There’s also a lot of gossiping about which applications the GAC is thinking about delivering the kiss of death to, and what its advice will mean to the overall program timetable.
DI is not attending the Beijing meeting in person, but here’s what I’ve learned from remote participation and talking to attendees:
Confusion over the GAC Advice standard
Judging by interactions during Willett’s session, there may be a little bit of confusion about whether GAC Advice needs to be “consensus” GAC Advice in order to halt a new gTLD application.
I think the confusion is mainly due to the way some people (Willett and myself included) use phrases such as “non-consensus GAC Advice” as shorthand for a particular paragraph of the Applicant Guidebook.
Here’s the way I understand it:
All GAC Advice — including Advice sent on issues completely unrelated to the new gTLD program — is consensus GAC Advice.
If the GAC sends written Advice to the ICANN board, it means the GAC has reached consensus to send that Advice, even if the Advice itself reflects a lack of consensus on the specifics.
Confusion in the community is arising now because the Applicant Guidebook also talks about three types of “GAC Advice on New gTLDs”, the first of which is:
The GAC advises ICANN that it is the consensus of the GAC that a particular application should not proceed. This will create a strong presumption for the ICANN Board that the application should not be approved.
That’s describing a situation where the GAC has reached a consensus that an application should be rejected. It’s going to sound the death knell for several applications, without doubt.
The second type of GAC Advice on New gTLDs in the Guidebook is:
The GAC advises ICANN that there are concerns about a particular application “dot-example.” The ICANN Board is expected to enter into dialogue with the GAC to understand the scope of concerns. The ICANN Board is also expected to provide a rationale for its decision.
The language was written by the GAC, using its consensus model, which is why it’s so badly worded.
What it means is that the GAC could not find consensus to kill off an application — some governments want it killed off, some don’t — but that the GAC as a whole reached consensus to tell ICANN that some governments do want it killed off.
So when people talk about “non-consensus” Advice, we’re referring to this second form of GAC Advice on New gTLDs, where the GAC could reached consensus to alert ICANN about “concerns” but could not reach consensus that the application should be taken outside and shot.
Which applications are going to get Advice?
The GAC stated last week that 20 applications had been put forward for specific review at the Beijing meeting.
From what I’ve been able to piece together from the GAC’s public hints, its Early Warnings, and sources in Beijing, I think I’ve identified many of these applications.
I’m pretty certain that DotConnectAfrica’s application for .africa is going to get killer Advice.
I’m not picking on DCA (disclosure: DCA accused me of being part of a racist conspiracy) but it is the only remaining applicant to comprehensively ignore ICANN’s rules on geographic names.
It’s also well-known that Amazon’s application for .amazon (and translations), and Patagonia Inc’s application for .patagonia, both of which were not captured by ICANN’s rules on geography, are unloved by Latin American governments.
The Montevideo Declaration, signed by government ministers from the continent last week, specifically condemns any new gTLDs related to Amazonia and Patagonia.
It’s difficult to see how the GAC could ignore the strength of this position, but it’s always possible that some members may have been lobbied into submission by applicants, therefore spoiling consensus.
Other geographic strings that ICANN’s rules did not identify as geographic may also face Advice.
It’s known that .persiangulf, for example, is racially/culturally divisive because the same body of water is also known as the Arabian Gulf by Arab states in the region.
The Japanese government’s Early Warning against .date (issued because there are two cities in Japan that, when translated into Latin characters, are called Date) is also believed to have been put forward for formal GAC Advice.
Outside of geographic names, I hear that .basketball and .rugby are also on the GAC’s shortlist.
These are interesting cases because the governments with the beef (Greece and the UK) are not concerned about the strings themselves. Rather, they want to make sure their preferred applicant wins.
Both gTLDs are contested, and each contention set has one applicant backed by the official world authority for the sport concerned.
If the GAC issues Advice on either, it’s putting itself in the position of picking winners and losers, which could make for some frenetic lobbying in future application rounds.
The application for .uno is believed to be under discussion in the GAC because it clashes with the acronym of an intergovernmental organization.
It also seems pretty certain that Demand Media’s applications for .navy, .army and .airforce are going to get Advice in one form or another. The US, I gather, is adamant that these bids should be rejected at all costs.
How GAC Advice affects the timetable
Willett said yesterday that ICANN expects to receive the GAC’s Advice this week, which should come as some relief to applicants given that the timing has always been a bit vague.
But it’s still not clear what form the Advice will take.
Sure, there’s bound to be some bits of Advice that call out specific applications for death-by-board, but there may also be Advice that addresses certain “categories” of application.
If that happens, and the GAC does not explicitly state which applications fall into which category, there’s the potential for mass confusion following the Beijing meeting.
I raised this specter last week, and it cropped up again during Willett’s session in Beijing yesterday.
What I forgot about last week, and what Willett was quizzed about yesterday, is that the Guidebook gives applicants with GAC Advice 21 days to respond to it before the ICANN board acts.
“I’m concerned that whereby the GAC Advice is such that it is all-encompassing and non-exhaustive that therefore all applicants must respond and all applicants are waiting another 21 days,” ARI Registry Services CEO Adrian Kinderis asked. “No applicant can proceed, because they’re all impacted.”
“If that hypothetical situation occurs, I think that’s possible,” Willett responded.
I other words, if the GAC delivers broad advice this week that does not name specific applications, it’s possible that every applicant would have 21 days to tell ICANN’s board why they’re not affected.
That would completely balls up ICANN’s plan to sign its first registry agreements on April 23.
NTIA fights Big Content’s corner, tells ALL new gTLD applicants to submit PICs
The National Telecommunications and Information Administration said today that all new gTLD applicants, even those that have not already been hit by government warnings, should submit Public Interest Commitments to ICANN.
In a rare comment sent to an ICANN public forum today, the NTIA suggested that applicants should use the process to help combat counterfeiting and piracy.
The agency, the part of the US Department of Commerce that oversees ICANN and participates in its Governmental Advisory Committee, said (emphasis in original):
NTIA encourages all applicants for new gTLDs to take advantage of this opportunity to address the concerns expressed by the GAC in its Toronto Communique, the individual early warnings issued by GAC members, and the ICANN public comment process on new gTLDs, as appropriate.
PICs were introduced by ICANN earlier this month as a way for applicants to voluntarily add binding commitments — for example, a promise to restrict their gTLD to a certain user base — to their registry contracts.
The idea is to let applicants craft and agree to stick to special terms they think will help them avoid receiving objections from the GAC, GAC members and others.
NTIA said that applicants should pay special attention in their PICs to helping out the “creative sector”.
Specifically, this would entail “ensuring that WHOIS data is verified, authentic and publicly accessible”.
They should also “consider providing an enforceable guaranty that the domain name will only be used for licensed and legitimate activities”, NTIA said, adding:
NTIA believes that these new tools may help in the fight against online counterfeiting and piracy and is particularly interested in seeing applicants commit to these or similar safeguards.
The PICs idea isn’t going down too well in the applicant community, judging by other submissions this week.
The Registries Stakeholder Group of ICANN, for example, says its members are feeling almost “blackmailed” into submitting PICs, saying the timing is “completely unreasonable”.
As DI noted when PICs was first announced, applicants have been given until just March 5 to submit their commitments, raising serious questions about the timetable for objections and GAC advice.
The RySG has even convened a conference call for March 4 to discuss the proposal, which it says “contains so many serious and fundamental flaws that it should be withdrawn in
its entirety”.
GAC Early Warnings just got a whole lot more important
Kevin Murphy, January 18, 2013, Domain Policy
ICANN will let new gTLD applicants change their applications in order to respond to the concerns of governments, it has emerged.
Changes to applications made as a result of Early Warnings made by the Governmental Advisory Committee “would in all likelihood be permitted”, ICANN chair Steve Crocker informed the GAC this week.
ICANN is also looking at ways to make these changes enforceable in the respective applicants’ registry contracts.
Combined, the two bits of news confirm that the GAC will have greater power over new gTLD business models than previously anticipated.
The revelations came in the ICANN board of directors’ official response to GAC advice emerging from last October’s Toronto meeting.
After Toronto, the GAC had asked ICANN whether applicants would be able to change their applications in response to Early Warnings, and whether the changes made would be binding.
In response, Crocker told his GAC counterpart, Heather Dryden, that ICANN already has a procedure for approving or denying application change requests.
The process “balances” a number of criteria, including whether the changes would impact competing applicants or change the applicant’s evaluation score, but it’s not at all clear how ICANN internally decides whether to approve a request or not. So far, none have been denied.
Crocker told Dryden:
It is not possible to generalize as to whether change requests resulting from early warnings would be permitted in all instances. But if such requests are intended solely to address the “range of specific issues” listed on page 3 of the Toronto Communique, and do not otherwise conflict with the change request criteria noted above, then such request would in all likelihood be permitted.
The “range of specific issues” raised in the Toronto advice (pdf) are broad enough to cover pretty much every Early Warning:
Strings that are linked to regulated market sectors, such as the financial, health and charity sectors
Competition issues
Strings that have broad or multiple uses or meanings, and where one entity is seeking exclusive use
Religious terms where the applicant has no, or limited, support from the relevant religious organisations or the religious community
Minimising the need for defensive registrations
Protection of geographic names
Intellectual property rights particularly in relation to strings aimed at the distribution of music, video and other digital material
The relationship between new gTLD applications and all applicable legislation
Some Early Warnings, such as many filed against gTLD bids that would represent regulated industries such as finance and law, ask applicants to improve their abuse mitigation measures.
To avoid receiving potential lethal GAC Advice this April, such applicants were asked to improve their rights protection mechanisms and anti-abuse procedures.
In some cases, changes to these parts of the applications could — feasibly — impact the evaluation score.
The GAC also made it clear in Toronto that it expects that commitments made in applications — including commitments in changes made as a result of Early Warnings — should be enforceable by ICANN.
This is a bit of a big deal. It refers to Question 18 in the new gTLD application, which was introduced late at the request of the GAC and covers the “mission/purpose” of the applied-for gTLD.
Answers to Question 18 are not scored as part of the new gTLD evaluation, and many applicants took it as an invitation to waffle about how awesome they plan to be.
Now it seems possible they they could be held to that waffle.
Crocker told Dryden (with my emphasis):
The New gTLD Program does not currently provide a mechanism to adopt binding contractual terms incorporating applicant statements and commitment and plans set forth within new gTLD applications or arising from early warning discussions between applicants and governments. To address concerns raised by the GAC as well as other stakeholders, staff are developing possible mechanisms for consideration by the Board New gTLD Committee. That Committee will discuss the staff proposals during the upcoming Board Workshop, 31 Janaury – 2 February.
In other words, early next month we could see some new mechanisms for converting Question 18 blah into enforceable contractual commitments that new gTLD registries will have to abide be.
Fight over new sports gTLDs gets real ugly
The battle for contested new gTLDs .rugby and .basketball is turning nasty.
Roar Domains, a New Zealand marketing firm whose gTLD applications are backed by the official international bodies for both sports, is promising to pull out all the stops to kill off its competition.
The company, which is partnered with Minds + Machines on both bids, has told rival portfolio applicant Donuts that it will attack its applications for the two TLDs on at least three fronts.
Notably, Roar wants Donuts disqualified from the entire new gTLD program, and plans to lobby to have Donuts fail its background check.
The company told Donuts last month:
while we have no desire to join the chorus of voices speaking out against Donuts, it is incumbent on us to pursue the automatic disqualification of Applicant Guidebook Section 1.2.1, and every opposition and objection process available to us.
Applicant Guidebook section 1.2.1 deals with background checks.
Donuts came under more scrutiny than most on these grounds during the new gTLDs public comment period last year due to its co-founders being involved at the sharp end of domain investment over the last decade.
Demand Media and eNom, where founder Paul Stahura was a senior executive, have lost many UDRP cases over the years.
A mystery lawyer who refuses to disclose his clients started pursuing Donuts last August, saying the company is “unsuited and ineligible to participate in the new gTLD program.”
Separate (pseudonymous?) public comments fingered a former Donuts director for allegedly cybersquatting the Olympics and Disney.
While Roar has not claimed responsibility for these specific previous attacks, it certainly seems to be planning something similar in future.
In addition, Roar and International Rugby Board, which supports Roar’s application for .rugby, say they plan to official objections with ICANN about rival .rugby bids.
The IRB told Donuts, in a letter shortly before Christmas:
As the global representative of the sport and the only applicant vested with the trust and representation of the rugby community, we are unquestionably the rightful steward of .RUGBY.
Without the support of the global rugby community your commercialization efforts for .RUGBY will be thwarted. We are also preparing an objection to file against your application in accordance with ICANN rules to which you will be required to dedicate resources to formulate a response.
Roar and the IRB are also both lobbying members of ICANN’s Governmental Advisory Committee, which has the power to file potentially decisive GAC Advice against any application.
Roar told Donuts recently:
Roar serves as the voice and arm for FIBA [the International Basketball Federation] and IRB in the New gTLD area. We are pleased to have obtained four Early Warnings on behalf of our applications, and fully expect the GAC process to be completed to GAC Advice.
The Early Warnings against the two other .rugby applicants were filed by the UK government — the only warnings it filed — while Greece warned the two non-Roar .basketball applicants.
Roar is also involved with the International Basketball Federation (FIBA) on its .basketball bid.
While commercial interests obviously play a huge role, there’s a philosophical disagreement at the heart of these fights that could be encapsulated in the following question:
Should new gTLDs only be delegated to companies and organizations most closely affiliated with those strings?
In response to the UK’s Early Warning, Donut has written to UK GAC representative Mark Carvell asking for face-to-face talks and making the case for a “neutral” registry provider for .rugby.
Donuts told Carvell:
We believe gTLDs should be run safely and securely, and in a manner that is fair to all law-abiding registrants, not only those predetermined as eligible. A neutral third party, such as Donuts, can be best capable of achieving this outcome.
Donuts believes a neutral operator is better able to ensure that the gTLD reflects the full diversity of opinion and content of all Internet users who are interested in the term “rugby.”
As the IRB is a powerful voice in rugby, an IRB‐managed registry might not be neutral in its operations, raising questions about its ability to impartially oversee the gTLD. For example, will IRB/Roar chill free speech by censoring content adversarial to their interests? How would they treat third parties who are interested in rugby but aren’t part of the IRB? What about IRB critics or potential rival leagues?
Despite these questions, no .rugby applicant has said it plans to operate a restricted registry. There are no applications for .basketball or .rugby designated as “Community” bids.
The IRB/Roar application specifically states “anyone can register a .rugby domain name.”
Both .basketball and .rugby are contested by Roar (FIBA/IRB/M+M), Donuts (via subsidiaries) and portfolio applicant Domain Venture Partners (aka Famous Four Media, also via subsidiaries).
Roar is a sports marketing agency that is also involved in bids for .baseball, .soccer, .football and .futbol. The New Zealand national team football captain, Ryan Nelsen, is on its board.
Here are the letters (pdf).
GAC Early Warnings confirmed for today. Here’s what I expect to see
Kevin Murphy, November 20, 2012, Domain Policy
ICANN’s Governmental Advisory Committee is ready to send out its Early Warnings on new gTLD applications today as scheduled, ICANN has confirmed.
The Early Warnings, which highlight applications that individual GAC members have problems with, are expected to be sent by the GAC to applicants and published by ICANN later.
Because the warnings are expected to be issued by individual governments, rather than the GAC as a whole, we could wind up seeing hundreds, due to multiple governments objecting to the same applications.
However, some governments may have decided to be conservative for precisely the same reason.
Governments won’t be able to hide behind the cloak of “GAC Advice”, as they did when .xxx was up for approval last year; the names of the governments will be on the warnings.
That’s not to say there won’t necessarily be safety in numbers. It’s possible that some warnings will be explicitly supported by multiple governments, potentially complicating applicant responses.
But which countries will provide warnings?
I’d be surprised if the US, as arguably the most vocal GAC player, does not issue some. Likewise, the regulation-happy European Commission could be a key objector.
It’s also my understanding that Australia has a raft of concerns about various applications, and has been leading much of the back-room discussion among GAC members.
Going out on a limb slightly, I’m expecting to see the warnings from Western nations concentrating largely on regulated industries, IP protection and defensive registrations.
We’re likely to see warnings about .bank and .sucks, for examples, from these governments. To a certain extent, any non-Community applications that could be seen as representing an industry could be at risk.
On the “morality” front, indications from ICANN’s public comment period are that Saudi Arabia has a great many problems with strings that represent religious concepts, and with strings that appear to endorse behavior inconsistent with Islamic law, such as alcohol and gambling.
But last time I checked Saudi Arabia was not a member of the GAC. It remains to be seen whether similar concerns will be raised by other governments that are members.
The one Early Warning we can guarantee to emerge is against .patagonia, the application from a US clothing retailer that shares its name with a region of South America.
The Argentinian government has explicitly said it will issue a warning against this bid, and I expect it to garner significant support from other GAC members.
The GAC Early Warnings stand to cause significant headaches for applicants, many of which are gearing up for a four-day US Thanksgiving weekend.
After receiving a warning, applicants have just 21 days to decide whether to withdraw their bid — receiving an 80% refund of their $185,000 application fee — or risk a formal GAC Advice objection next year.
But that’s not even half of the problem.
The GAC has indicated that it wants to be able to, effectively, negotiate with new gTLD applicants over the details of their applications after issuing its warnings.
At the Toronto meeting last month, the GAC asked ICANN to explain:
the extent to which applicants will be able to modify their applications as a result of early warnings.
[and]
how ICANN will ensure that any commitments made by applicants, in their applications or as a result of any subsequent changes, will be overseen and enforced by ICANN.
ICANN has not yet responded to these inquiries and it does not expect to do so until Thursday.
The fact is that ICANN has for a long time said that it does not intend to allow any applicant to make any material changes to their applications after submission. This was to avoid gaming.
It has since relaxed that view somewhat, by introducing a change request mechanism that has so far processed about 30 changes, some of which (such as .dotafrica and .banque) were highly material.
Whether ICANN will extend this process to allow applicants to significantly alter their applications in order to calm the fears of governments remains to be seen.
Whatever happens this even, many new gTLD applicants are entering unknown territory.
GAC gets more power to block controversial gTLDs
While the new version of ICANN’s new generic top-level domains Applicant Guidebook contains mostly tweaks, there’s a pretty big change for those filing “controversial” applications.
The Guidebook now grants the Governmental Advisory Committee greater powers to block gTLD applications based on minority government views.
ICANN has adopted poorly-written, ambiguous text approved by the GAC at its meeting in Dakar last October, which lowers the threshold required to force the ICANN board to consider GAC advice.
The changes essentially mean that it’s now much easier for the GAC to force the ICANN board to the negotiating table if a small number of governments object to a gTLD application.
In the September Guidebook, a GAC consensus objection was needed to force the ICANN board to manually approve controversial applications. Now, it appears that only a single country needs to object.
This is the relevant text:
Applications for .gay, of which there are expected to be at least two, will almost certainly fall into this category.
If you’re applying for a potentially controversial gTLD, you can thank the GAC for the fact that your road to approval is now considerably less predictable.
It’s also worth bearing in mind that the GAC is allowed to file an objection based on any aspect of the application – not just the chosen string.
So, for example, if you’re applying for .bank or .pharma and your application falls short of one government’s expected consumer safeguards, you may also see a GAC “concerns” objection.
In cases where the GAC objects to an application, the ICANN board of directors does have the ability to overrule that objection, if it provides its rationale, much as it did with .xxx.
However, .xxx was a special case, and ICANN today is under a regime much friendlier to the GAC and much more nervous about the international political environment than it was 12 months ago.
Make no mistake: GAC Advice on New gTLDs will carry weight.
This table compares the types of GAC Advice described in the Applicant Guidebook published in September with the one published last night.
It should also be noted that since Dakar the GAC has defined consensus as “the practice of adopting decisions by general agreement in the absence of any formal objection”.
In other words, if some GAC members push for a GAC consensus objection against a given gTLD, other GAC members would have to formally object to that proposed objection in order to prevent the minority view becoming consensus.
It’s a pretty low threshold. The .gay applicants, among others, are going to have a nerve-wracking time.
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A funny and warm family
A lizard's track over a stone. Translations and translators of Estonian literature into French
by Antoine Chalvin
Excerpt from Lipamäe
by Wimberg
Finnish kalevala and Estonian Kalevipoeg
by Jaan Puhvel
Kalevipoeg, a great European epic
by Jüri Talvet
Poetry by Andres Ehin
by Richard Adang
Poetry by Kristiina Ehin
Poetry by Ly Seppel
Wimberg<<<
by Sven Vabar
This spring saw the publication of poetry collections by mother and daughter, almost at the same time – Ly Seppel’s Sparkle of Time (Ajasära) and Kristiina Ehin’s St. Simon's Day (Simunapäev). Each is remarkable in its own way – for Ly Seppel this was the first collection of poetry in 29 years, with the book marking her 60th birthday. Kristiina Ehin has proven herself a young poet of quality who should be taken seriously. This simultaneous publication can even be taken as a sort of “passing on the crown”; in any case this was a reminder of the Ehin family of poets in Estonia.
Family dynasties are not rare in Estonian literature. Notable families include the Viidings (Paul, Juhan ja Elo), Rummos (Paul ja Paul-Eerik, and the latter’s wife Viiu Härm), Rauds (Mart, Eno with wife Aino Perviku and their son Rein), and Jaan Kaplinski and Tiia Toomet, whose children (Lauris, Lemmit, Elo-Mall) also published fiction in the 1990s. There is a surprising concentration of quality in the small nation of Estonia.
Andres Ehin (1940) and Ly Seppel (1943) both belong to the 'cassette generation’ of the 1960s. Ly Seppel debuted in 1965 with her collection Every Morning I Open My Palm (Igal hommikul avan peo) and Andres Ehin in 1968 with the collection Wolves' Oak (Hunditamm). Both studied at Tartu University in the 1960s; Andres earned his degree in Finno-Ugric Studies, and Ly in Estonian Language and Literature. After graduation, Andres Ehin worked as a teacher in the Jamali-Neenets national region in Siberia, then in Estonia as a cultural journalist and editor of an encyclopaedia. Ly Seppel furthered her studies at the Universities of Azerbaijan and Moscow, reading Turkish-Tartar languages, and then became a prominent translator. Since 1974 they have been a family and have lived in Rapla as freelance writers and translators. Their second oldest daughter, Kristiina Ehin, born in 1977, has been involved since 1996 in the literary group ‘Erakkond’. She has published two collections of poetry (her debut Spring in Astrakhan (Kevad Astrahanis) in 2000), worked as a dance teacher, studied both at Tartu University and Tartu Art School, done some translating, and is currently doing her MA in folk poetry at Tartu University.
Besides poetry, translating is the second significant common denominator in the Ehin household. Andres Ehin and Ly Seppel’s joint effort has introduced Estonians to the work of A. Navoii, Turkish (including Y. Emre) and Finnish poetry, and their greatest achievement, Thousand and One Nights. They have translated poetry separately as well, and they are at the forefront of Estonian translators.
Andres Ehin (see ELM no 5 and 11) is quite an autonomous creator in Estonian poetry, the only intentionally surrealist poet in Estonia for quite a long period of time. The tradition of Estonian surrealism began with the exile poet Ilmar Laaban, whose collections were published in Sweden in 1946 and 1957. Ehin, who can be regarded as his "heir", wrote his first poems in 1958. It can only be imagined what would have been different had Ehin’s debut collection appeared a bit earlier. Estonian poetry of the 1960s changed very quickly, the end of the decade was remarkably different from the beginning, and each new idea was quite influential. Ehin and Alliksaar, the great poetry innovator of the "period of thaw", were only later revealed as the ones to introduce the biggest paradigm changes into Estonian poetry. The books of both writers (posthumously in the case of Alliksaar, who died at age 40) were only published when the main storms had already passed, and another, new and sceptical generation, headed by Juhan Viiding, was emerging. Nevertheless, Ehin established himself and is still going strong, belonging to the small group of the 'cassette generation' who have managed to retain their creative energy in the new century and to keep abreast of changes. In Ehin’s case it could even be said that the changes have kept abreast of him, since the other practitioners of surrealist poetry emerged as late as the early 1990s (e.g. Jaan Malin). At that time, surrealism elsewhere in the world had already become passé, but in Estonian poetry it is a fresh and interesting possibility. "Official" recognition reached Andres Ehin quite late – in 1996 he received the Cultural Endowment’s annual award for the best poetry collection for his Consciousness is Snakeskin (Teadvus on ussinahk). In 2001 he received the National Award for his collected poetry The Subconscious is Always Drunk (Alateadvus on alatasa purjus).
Andres Ehin's work is perhaps distinguished from ‘typical’ surrealist writing by a greater emphasis on comic effect; he is without a doubt a humorous poet. Going beyond traditional surrealism, he also uses more allusions to specific everyday reality, into which he then introduces unreal details. Occasionally Ehin has anticipated the postmodernist ‘grammatical poetry’ by several decades. In such poetry the meaning has been totally demolished, with only syntactic structure surviving to suggest a meaningful sentence. Andres Ehin’s poetry in the 1980s experienced a low tide and a slight change of direction. He retreated from his previous carnival of words and images, and the odd text he produced revealed the desolate mood of the oppressive times, mostly still expressed in a surrealist key. Ehin in the 1990s seemed to fully rediscover his former treasure-trove.
At first sight, Ly Seppel seems to be a poet with an entirely different manner from Andres Ehin. She has published three collections of poetry so far, the most significant of which is Circle of Shadows around the Fire (Varjuring ümber tule) in 1974, which was proclaimed the best poetry collection of the year (called the Smuul Award at the time). In 1996 Ly and Adres received a joint award from the Finnish Ponkala Foundation for the best introduction of Finnish culture abroad.
Ly Seppel's poetry is characterised by a quiet tone and a focus on general human topics, the progression of time, the ability to capture fleeting but significant experiences, and on momentary pictures of everyday life. What really matters in her poetry is being a woman, mother and daughter, as well as a bearer of nature’s continuity. This continuity is not especially forcefully stressed but shines through in Seppel’s poetry, stubbornly and consistently. Linguistic motifs and images of foreign countries, where her activities as a translator have taken her, prevail in Circle of Shadows (Varjuring). Seppel’s poetry could be placed in the tradition of Estonian oriental poetry, but this tradition has been largely influenced by Chinese and Japanese poetry. In her poetry a feature that definitely unites the entire Ehin family is revealed – a fascination with the exotic, including Seppel’s interest in Turkish-Tartar culture, and Andres Ehin’s interest in cultures with little connection to Estonia (he has for example written about Korean contemporary literature). It is perhaps suitable here to add Kristiina Ehin’s fascination with archaic folk songs and legends, where she has found a pleasing intellectual environment for herself. It is perhaps odd to call folk songs exotic, so let me re-phrase: all three seek a home in a mentally, spatially or temporally distant consciousness, and they feel comfortable at the border areas of cultures or of the conscious and the subconscious.
The interest in Ly Seppel’s and Kristiina Ehin’s poems in everything strange actually seems very cosy, although they cannot be associated with surrealism as in Andres's poems. Good examples here are the opening poems of their first collections. Ly Seppel’s poem Every Morning I Open My Palm, is written in a typically early-1960s colloquial, gently rhetorical, free verse. In the poem, the main character sets into flight little hawks every morning, ‘to bring knowledge on wings and to appreciate beauty’. After flying around briskly all day, they return in the evening, breathless, tell about their activities and listen to admonitions. This is a poem quite typical of 1960s imagist language, focusing on a relatively open metaphor that has been developed like prose. There is, however, one exception – the young hawks. They are not wholly positive characters: they are simultaneously small and friendly, but nevertheless hawks, birds of prey. In the poetry of the time her hawks were certainly unexpected and ‘unjustified’. The poems of Kristiina Ehin’s first collection are lyrical love poems. They are generally set on the beach, but the characters are, for example, a creaking kitchen door and a military coat -- clearly resembling Andres Ehin’s images. Kristiina’s earlier poems are full of unexpected cracks, through which a strange surrealist motif or two emerge in the midst of a young girl’s love poetry. However, if we compare Kristiina Ehin’s and Ly Seppel’s poems, it seems that those somewhat weird shifts come rather from her mother – at times sudden, perhaps even naïve, an originality that always gets stuck past the border where extravagance starts. The poems of both Kristiina and her mother occasionally exhibit an unexpected child-like, but lucid, tone.
Compared with her first collection, Kristiina’s latest is remarkably more mature and serious, while retaining the first book's freshness and simple force. The debut presented a girl’s poetry, whereas St. Simon’s Day carries the voice of a woman, with powerful images, such as ‘I am a big sleepy queen bee / of a honeycomb-like universe', but also conveys a tragic and vital existential understanding. St. Simon’s Day thus approaches the recognition of life’s deep simplicity present in Ly Seppel’s book Circle of Shadows around the Fire.
The most typical manifestations of the Ehin family spirit are the two books for children by Ly Seppel, Book of Kaarin and Eeva (Kaarini ja Eeva raamat, 1981) and Book of Dreams (Unenäoraamat, 1984). The first contains the conversations of two girls with their mother and father about the ways of the world; in the second, the illustrations come from Kristiina’s older sister Piret’s childhood drawings. In the second, the whole family tells one another their dreams. These books arose directly from the everyday life of the family: the children’s surprising and funny questions characterise the world of the parents as well (compare with Ly Seppel’s verses, ‘I stare at the milk can / I look into the milk can / snapdragon now I see you’). An existence that coincides with dreams and balances at the edge of a strange world is familiar to all of them.
In conclusion, two vivid memories. Last winter Andres and Kristiina Ehin performed together at a poetry evening. Kristiina’s fragile and airy style of reading alternated with Andres’s suggestive, deep, resonant shaman’s voice. Oddly, this contrast seemed most suitable: both supporting each other, both considerate of each other’s poetry despite their clear differences, maybe even shyly proud of each other. In the spring, Kristiina presented a rap-song, written with her sisters, at Ly Seppel’s jubilee party, which described their mother’s life and the family’s love for her. The initially contrasting contents and form suddenly seemed highly appropriate, containing a peculiar harmony that is typical of the entire family. This song was indeed like the entire Ehin family – always eager for the new and strange, warm, affectionate and very funny.
© ELM no 17, autumn 2003
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« See all of Philadelphia Slick's Songs
PlayGonna Get Over
by Philadelphia Slick
Lead single off of "OIL" - our latest LP
Uploaded: May 5, 2009
Comments for Gonna Get Over
love this song it has a fresh new beat to it great job
by gigglesgirl321 on July 27, 2009 at 3:11 PM EDT
I just got a flier for the Panda Bar show and I recognized your name from this contest. awesome stuff, I really dig it.
by anaranjaded on July 24, 2009 at 12:00 PM EDT
by Tha PTL on July 20, 2009 at 7:33 PM EDT
Cool song groving trying to figure out how to vote for ya
by tokisa on July 18, 2009 at 12:04 PM EDT
like yr song can shake my ass to it
Another banger from you guys - love the new stuff.
by hiphopinGer on July 1, 2009 at 3:58 PM EDT
real hot!!!
by Pangea Music on June 12, 2009 at 1:16 PM EDT
Philadelphia Slick
Follow Philadelphia Slick on
www.philadelphiaslic...
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Environment and communities
A leading owner
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Rwandan prize winners test potato taste solutions
For many people coffee is an important ritual in their daily routines—for others, coffee provides most of their income. As the world’s second most traded commodity, after oil, coffee plays an integral role in many economies. For countries in the so-called “bean belt” in Africa—Rwanda, Burundi, and the Democratic Republic of Congo—coffee accounts for a considerable portion of all agricultural exports; however, as the industry has matured over the past decades, an insect called the “antestia bug” has been linked to a potato taste defect that degrades the quality of the coffee, resulting in huge revenue losses in these countries. Antestia bugs also destroy coffee cherries outright, causing some farms to lose up to 30% of coffee harvests. In this context, Joseph Bigirimana and his team of researchers at the Rwanda Agriculture Board have taken a leading role in an international network taking on this critical challenge.
RAB analysts study antestia bugs in the lab. Photo: RAB
Since 2011, the Global Knowledge Initiative has worked in Rwandan coffee through its LINK (Learning and Innovation Network for Knowledge and Solutions) program, convening, training, and activating a global network based at University of Rwanda. This network includes researchers, development practitioners, and businesses working together to combat the potato taste defect. To propel this network’s activities, GKI partnered with the Alliance for Coffee Excellence (ACE) to organize a Potato Taste Challenge Prize, which they announced at the March 2014 Coffee Research Symposium in Kigali.
As the winner of the 2014 Potato Taste Challenge Prize, Bigirimana and research partners Dr. Dick Walyaro and Dr. Theodore Asiimwe set off with the nearly $20,000 USD prize to investigate whether pesticides such as pyrethroids could effectively mitigate and control antestia bug infestations, and potato taste more generally. They are especially interested in the efficacy of locally produced organic pesticides made from pyrethrum plants grown in Rwanda.
In the months since winning the Prize, Bigirimana and his team have collected data from 600 farms in Rwanda on antestia bug infestation, current pest management practices in use by farmers, and other data aimed at understanding what works in controlling antestia and clarifying the relationship between the insects and the potato taste defect. Following the field sampling, the team tested the efficacy of five different pyrethroid pesticides in the laboratory and has begun conducting field trials in light of the successful lab results. They hope that these field trials will clearly show how effective pesticide use and farmer support can limit the negative impacts of antestia bugs. Bigirimana and his team endeavor to leverage the network of researchers and businesses, and technical support provided by ACE and GKI to eliminate the threat of the potato taste defect to coffee in the Great Lakes region of Africa.
Contributed by: Srujana Penumetcha and Andrew Gerard
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GT TOURS INC. > Chile > TOUR PROGRAMS > GTCT-545 – CHILE
GTCT-545 – CHILE
SANTIAGO & PUERTO NATALES
Seven days / Six Nights
Valid for travel thru November 30, 2018
DAY 1: Arrival Santiago
Meeting, assistance and transfer from airport to hotel. Rest of day at leisure.
Overnight accommodations at selected hotel.
DAY 2: Santiago (B)
Half day Panoramic City Tour
Departure from your hotel. The tour begins with a visit to the historic city center, with the central plaza as a highlight (Plaza de Armas), kilometer zero and crucial center of the capital, where the construction of Santiago began during the colonial era, with old buildings, such as the Metropolitan Cathedral, a beautiful building that combines Bavarian and neoclassical styles of that time. In this context, a tour through the civic district, with the ministerial building surrounding the government’s house, the Palacio de la Moneda, a silent witness of the most relevant event in our republican history. To conclude the historical area, a tour by the old and stately neighborhoods of the old “high society”, a place full of an exquisite architectonic variety brought by immigrants, mainly European, in a time of great mining exploitation and high-born families. Later, a magnificent panoramic view from one of our hills in the city (Cerro Santa Lucía or Parque Metropolitano), where it is possible to appreciate a part of the mountain-chain slopes that surround the city to, afterwards, go to the western area to see the great architectonic contrast. A thriving and contemporary city that proves its best with impressive buildings of daring architectonic styles that represent a seal of modernity to this big city
Full day Viña del Mar & Valparaíso Tour
Valparaíso, main port in Chile, considered World Heritage Site by its rare architecture and narrow-street display, passages, and stairs that go up to the top of the hills. Viña del Mar, the most visited tourist seaside resort in our country, also known as the Ciudad Jardín (Garden City), because of all the green areas that surround it, wide sidewalks, beautiful plazas, and bloomed gardens. They are the gates to the Pacific Ocean. Discover the contrast of both cities next to the sea, located only at 120 km from Santiago.
DAY 4: Santiago / Punta Arenas and Puerto Natales (B)
Transfer from hotel to airport for flight to Punta Arenas. Upon arrival in Punta Arenas Airport assistance and transfer from there to the bus station in Puerto Natales and from there transfer to your hotel
Overnight accommodations at selected hotel
DAY 5: Full Day Torres del Paine National Park (B/Box Lunch)
Departure from lodging in Puerto Natales to Torres del Paine National Park around 7:30 am. Ride along the coastal road to take route Nº9 to head over the first stop: the millennial Cueva del Milodón, a huge natural feature where the primitive men and the mylodon allegedly inhabited. Here, a small walk to see its beauty and history. Afterwards, the village Cerro Castillo, a great livestock farm that in the past belonged to the reminded Sociedad Explotadora Tierra del Fuego, to make a 30minute stop. Along the road among Patagonian farms, entry to Torres del Paine National Park, a true sight where guanacos, condors and rheas often accompany the beautiful views of the park.
Visit to all the high spots of the park, including Lake Nordenskjold and Pehoé and the beautiful waterfall Salto Grande, where the guests will do a short hike of about 30 minutes to get closer and contemplate and sightseeing of lakes, rivers and the great variety of flora and fauna.
Then, a stop for lunch at the park and, during the afternoon, the journey continues to the last stop: Grey Lake, which is a part of the Southern Patagonian Ice Field. Here, a beautiful walk through lenga beech woods to the shore of this amazing lake, to observe the beauty of the icebergs, their shapes and colors before every visitor. The tour concludes with the evening arrival to Puerto Natales and your hotel.
DAY 6: Puerto Natales (B)
Day at leisure
Continue exploring and discovering these beautiful area.
DAY 7: Depart Puerto Natales (B)
Transfer from hotel to bus station in Puerto Natales for your return ride to the Punta Arenas Airport to check in for your flight to your next destination.
RATES PER PERSON BASED ON DOUBLE OCCUPANCY
DELUXE/FIRST CATEGORY HOTELS
SANTIAGO PUERTO VARAS
GRAND HYATT (Gran Deluxe Room) COSTAUSTRALIS (City View)
DOUBLE SINGLE TRIPLE
$ 1,708 $ 2,574 N/A
FIRST CLASS CATEGORY HOTELS
ATTON EL BOSQUE (Standard Room) COSTAUSTRALIS (City View)
TOURIST SUPERIOR HOTELS
DIEGO DE VELAZQUEZ -Standard MARTIN GUSINDE (Standard)
A SAVINGS OF $150.00 PER PERSON
PLEASE CHECK WITH US FOR INTERNATIONAL AIR FARES
FROM USA TO CHILE ON OUR AIR PARTNERS:
AMERICAN AIRLINES, LATAM AND AVIANCA
TOUR RATE INCLUDES:
Three night accommodations in Santiago at selected hotels with daily breakfast.
Three night accommodations in Puerto Natales at selected hotels with daily breakfast.
Tours in Santiago: Santiago panoramic & full day tour of Viña del Mar & Valparaiso
Tours in Puerto Natales: Full day tour to Torres del Paine National Park
Round trip transfers between airports & selected hotels in Santiago and Punta Arenas.
Round trip transfers between airport in Punta Arenas and hotel in and hotel in Puerto Natales
Bus ticket Puerto Natales / Punta Arenas
International air between USA and Santiago. Local round trip air between Santiago and Punta Natales. Land services, tours and meals not indicated in itinerary. Tips and gratuities to tour guides and drivers. Travel insurance (highly recommended).
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France, FRAND, SEP
XIAOMI Case: Paris, the “New World” of FRAND
Matthieu Dhenne (Ipsilon)/ December 27, 2021 December 27, 2021
I have already mentioned on many occasions on this blog the difficulties that FRANDs were causing regarding the choice of jurisdiction and the increasingly favorable position of French Courts to SEPs holders. The two decisions rendered by the Paris High Court in the XIAOMI vs. PHILIPS case confirm this trend by holding that the Paris…
Damages, European Union, France, IP Management, Litigation, Patents, Procedure
The Hit Parade of Patent Infringement Damages in Europe: France is Great (Again)
Matthieu Dhenne (Ipsilon)/ September 13, 2021 September 13, 2021 /7 Comments
My eminent colleague Pierre Véron, who needs no introduction here, is the author of a recent survey on the ranking of European jurisdictions in terms of damages awarded over the period 2000-2019 [1]The full version was published in English in Festschrift for President Meier-Beck in the journal GRUR (GRUR 2/2021)., which particularly caught my attention…
France, SPC
Osimertinib SPC’s: the Law of Numbers
Matthieu Dhenne (Ipsilon)/ May 13, 2021 May 13, 2021
In mathematics, the law of numbers makes it possible to interpret the probability as a frequency of occurrence, thus justifying the principle of surveys, and presents the expectation as an average. This theory alone could very well summarize the decision of the Paris Court of Appeal regarding the Osimertinib SPC’s rendered on February 9, 2021….
(Compulsory) license, France
French bill proposal authorizing the granting of an ex officio license in the interest of public health in the event of an extreme health emergency
Matthieu Dhenne (Ipsilon)/ April 28, 2021 April 29, 2021 /1 Comment
In my last post I deciphered several fake news, which spoil the public debate about compulsory licensing, I then mentioned a French bill proposal, introduced by Mr. Ronan Le Gleut in the Senate on April 8, 2021, whose I thought important to translate, so that it can feed the international debate on compulsory licensing following…
(Compulsory) license, France, Patents
Compulsory licensing and Covid-19 vaccines: when fake news spoil the public debate
At a time when a bill aiming at granting a compulsory license in the interest of public health in case of extreme sanitary emergency has just been filed in the French Senate on April 8, 2021[1], the fake news that spoil the public debate about the compulsory licensing keep on proliferating. These fake news, which…
Case Law, EPO, Exceptions to patentability, France, FRAND, Injunction, Inventive step, IP Management, Litigation, Novelty, Patents, SEP
Cross-Examination of French Judges (Interview Part II: Global Issues)
Matthieu Dhenne (Ipsilon)/ March 22, 2021 March 22, 2021
In the first part of this interview (see here), I already mentioned some of the preconceived ideas about French Courts, which makes France almost systematically considered as one of the last territory to litigate: jurisdictions would be anti-patentee, slow, unable to order preliminary injunctions, even not “specialized”. The Cross-Examination Part I of Mrs. Nathalie Sabotier…
(Compulsory) license, France, Patents, Pharmaceutical patent
A French Collective Tribune of Experts for Covid-19 Compulsory License
Matthieu Dhenne (Ipsilon)/ March 11, 2021 March 11, 2021 /6 Comments
Regular readers of the Blog may be aware of my particular interest in pharma patents and, more especially since the Covid-19 pandemic, for compulsory licensing (see for instance here). I was therefore very happy (and pride) to participate in a Collective Tribune bringing together renowned specialists in property and patent laws (academics and practitioners), who…
Case Law, evidence, France, IP Management, Litigation, Patents, Procedure
Cross-Examination of French Judges (Interview Part I: National Introspection)
Matthieu Dhenne (Ipsilon)/ March 8, 2021 March 8, 2021
It’s an understatement to say that it’s not always very easy to be a French patent litigator in a transnational litigation, in any case a good dose of humor is needed: how many jokes have I heard about our jurisdictional system? Then you have to accept that France is almost systematically considered as the territory…
Case Law, evidence, France, Infringement, Injunction, IP Management, Litigation, Patents, Procedure
Matthieu Dhenne (Ipsilon)/ March 8, 2021 April 7, 2021
It’s an understatement to say that it’s not easy to be a French patent litigator in transnational litigation, in any case a good dose of humor is needed: how many jokes have I heard about our jurisdictional system? Then you have to accept that France is almost systematically considered as the territory at the bottom…
France, Infringement, Litigation, Patents, Pharma, Pharmaceutical patent
Pemetrexed in France Act 2: 1 PI + 4 millions
Matthieu Dhenne (Ipsilon)/ February 8, 2021 February 16, 2021
Readers of the Blog should remember the French landmark French judgment rendered in September 2020 in the European Pemetrexed saga, which condemned Fresenius to pay € 28 million in damages (see here). This time the action brought by Eli Lilly on French territory concerns the same drug but is directed against another generic commercialized by Zentiva….
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ncert exemplar problems class 11 physics chapter 12 kinetic theory
NCERT Exemplar Solutions PhysicsClass 11 PhysicsPhysics Sample Papers
Q1. A cubic vessel (with face horizontal + vertical) contains an ideal gas at NTP. The vessel is being carried by a rocket which is moving at a speed of500 ms’1 in vertical direction. The pressure of the gas inside the vessel as observed by us on the ground
(a) remains the same because 500 ms’1 is very much smaller than vrms of the gas.
(b) remains the same because motion of the vessel as a whole does not affect the relative motion of the gas molecules and the walls.
(c) will increase by a factor equal to (v2rms + (500)2)/v2rms where vrms was the original mean square velocity of the gas.
(d) will be different on the top wall and bottom wall of the vessel.
Sol: (b) According to the ideal gas law,
P=nRT/V, here temperature of the vessel remain unchanged hence, the
pressure remains same from that point of view.
Now, let us discuss the phenomenon inside the vessel. The gas molecules keep on colliding among themselves as well as with the walls of containing vessel. These collisions are perfectly elastic.
The number of collisions per unit volume in a gas remains constant. So, the pressure of the gas inside the vessel remains the same because motion of the vessel as a whole does not affect the relative motion of the gas molecules with respect to the walls.
Q2. 1 mole of an ideal gas is contained in a cubical volume V, ABCDEFGH at 300 K (figure). One face of the cube (EFGH) is made up of a material which totally absorbs any gas molecule incident on it. At any given time,
(a) the pressure on EFGH would be zero
(b) the pressure on all the faces will be equal
(c) the pressure of EFGH would be double the pressure on ABCD
(d) the pressure on EFGH would be half that on ABCD
Sol: (d) In an ideal gas, the gas molecules keep on colliding among themselves as well as with the walls of containing vessel. These collisions are perfectly elastic. So, their kinetic energy and momentum remains conserved.
So, the momentum transferred to the face ABCD = 2mv And the gas molecule is absorbed by the face EFGH. Hence it does not rebound. So, momentum transferred to the face EFGH = mv.
And the pressure on the faces is due to the total momentum to the faces. So, pressure on EFGH would be half that on ABCD.
Q3. Boyle’s law is applicable for an
(a) adiabatic process
(b) isothermal process
(c) isobaric process
(d) isochoric process
Sol: (b)
Key concept: Boyle’s law: For a given mass of an ideal gas at constant temperature, the volume of a gas is inversely proportional to its pressure.
So we can say that when temperature is constant, Boyle’s law is applicable.
i.e., PV= nRT= constant
=>PV = constant (at constant temperature)
i.e.. p � 1/V— [where, P = pressure. V= volume]
So, this law is applicable for an isothermal process, in which temperature remain constant.
Q4. A cylinder containing an ideal gas is in vertical position and has a piston of mass M that is able to move up or down without friction ( figure). If the temperature is increased
(a) both P and V of the gas will change
(b) only P will increase according to Charles’ law
(c) V will change but not P
(d) P will change but not V
Sol: (c) The situation is shown in the diagram where an ideal gas is contained in a cylinder, having a piston of mass M.
According to the problem, piston can move up and down without friction. So, the only force present is weight of the piston.
As the pressure remains constant, so if the temperature is increased, only the volume increases as the piston moves up without friction.
Q5. Volume versus temperature graphs for a given mass of an ideal gas are shown in figure. At two different values of constant pressure. What can be inferred about relation between Pl and P2 ?
(a)P1 > P2
(b) P1 = P2
(c) P1 < P2
(d) Data is insufficient
Q6. 1 mole of H2 gas is contained in a box of volume V = 1.00 m3 at T = 300 K. The gas is heated to a temperature of T= 3000 K and the gas gets converted to a gas of hydrogen atoms. The final pressure would be (considering all gases to be ideal)
(a) same as the pressure initially
(b) 2 times the pressure initially
(c) 10 times the pressure initially
(d) 20 times the pressure initially
Sol: (d) The situation is shown in the diagram, H2 gas is contained in a box is heated and gets converted to a gas of hydrogen atoms. Then the number of moles would become twice.
According to gas equation,
PV= nRT
P = Pressure of gas, n = Number of moles
R = Gas constant, T = Temperature PV=nRT
As volume (V) of the container is constant. Hence, when temperature (T) becomes 10 times, (from 300 K to 3000 K) pressure (P) also becomes 10 times, asP� T.
Pressure is due to the bombardment of particles and as gases break, the number of moles becomes twice of initial, so n2 = 2n1
Q7. A vessel of volume V contains a mixture of 1 mole of hydrogen and 1 mole of oxygen (both considered as ideal). Let f1(v)dv denotes the fraction of molecules with speed between v and (v + dv) with f2(v)dv, similarly for oxygen. Then,
(a) f1(v) + f2(v) = f (v) obeys the Maxwell’s distribution law
(b) f1(v), f2(v) will obey the Maxwell’s distribution law separately
(c) neither f1(v)nor f2(v)will obey the Maxwell’s distribution law
(d) f2(v) and f1(v)will be the same
Sol: (b) ‘
Key concept: Maxwell’s Law (or the Distribution of Molecular Speeds):
(1) The vrms gives us a general idea of molecular speeds in a gas at a given temperature. This doesn’t mean that the speed of each molecule is vrms. Many of the molecules have speed less than vrms and many have speeds greater than vrms.
(2) Maxwell derived equation gives the distribution of molecules in different speeds as follows:
The masses of hydrogen and oxygen molecules are different.
For a function f(v), the number of molecules dn = f[v), which are having speeds between v and v + dv. The Maxwell-Boltzmann speed distributionfunction ( Nv = dn/dv depends on the mass of the gas molecules.
For each function f1(v) and f2(v), n will be different, hence each function f1(v) and f2(v) will obey the Maxwell’s distribution law separately.
Q8. An inflated rubber balloon contains one mole of an ideal gas, has a pressure P. volume V and temperature T. If the temperature rises to 1.1 T, and the volume is increased to 1.05 V, the final pressure will be
(a) 1.1 P
(b) P
(c) less than P
(d) between P and 1.1
Sol:(d) According to the equation of ideal gas, PV= nRT
P = pressure
V = volume
n = number of moles of gases
R = gas constant
T = temperature
Thus we have to rewrite this equation in such a way that no. of moles is given by,
More Than One Correct Answer Type
Q9. ABCDEFGH is a hollow cube made of an insulator (figure) face A BCD has positive charge on it. Inside the cube, we have ionised hydrogen.
The usual kinetic theory expression for pressure
(a) will be valid
(b) will not be valid, since the ions would experience forces other than due to collisions with the walls
(c) will not be valid, since collisions with walls would not be elastic
(d) will not be valid because isotropy is lost
Sol: (b, d) According to the problem, ionized hydrogen is present inside the cube, they are having charge. Now, due to the presence of positive charge on the surface A BCD hydrogen ions would experience forces other than the forces due to collision with the walls of container. So, these forces must be of electrostatic nature. Hence, Isotropy of system is lost at only one face ABCD because of the presence of external positive charge. The usual expression for pressure on the basis of kinetic theory will be valid.
Q10. Diatomic molecules like hydrogen have energies due to both translational as well as rotational motion. From the equation in kinetic theory PV = 2/3 E,E is
(a) the total energy per unit volume
(b) only the translational part of energy because rotational energy is very small compared to the translational energy
(c) only the translational part of the energy because during collisions with the wall pressure relates to change in linear momentum
(d) the translational part of the energy because rotational energies of molecules can be of either sign and its average over all the molecules is zero
Sol: (c) According to kinetic theory equation, PV = 2/3 E [where P= Pressure V = volume]
E is representing only translational part of energy. Internal energy contains all types of energies like translational, rotational, vibrational etc. But the molecules of an ideal gas is treated as point masses in kinetic theory, so its kinetic energy is only due to translational motion. Point mass does not have rotational or vibrational motion. Here, we assumed that the walls only exert perpendicular forces on molecules. They do not exert any parallel force, hence there will not be any type of rotation present. The wall produces only change in translational motion.
Q11. In a diatomic molecule, the rotational energy at a given temperature
(a) obeys Maxwell’s distribution
(b) have the same value for all molecules
(c) equals the translational kinetic energy for each molecule
(d) is (2/3)rd the translational kinetic energy for each molecule
Sol: (a, d)
Key concept: Kinetic Energy of Ideal Gas:
Molecules of ideal gases possess only translational motion. So they possess only translational kinetic energy.
According to the problem we have to find the rotational energy of a diatomic molecule in the terms of translation kinetic energy.
First let us check the options by picking them one by one.
(a) Translational kinetic energy and rotational kinetic energy both obey Maxwell’s distribution independent of each other.
(b) Rotational kinetic energy is different for different molecule.
(c) Molecules of ideal gases possess only translational motion. So they possess only translational kinetic energy. But in case of non-ideal gas there is a smaller rotational energy.
(d) Here, 2 rotational and 3 translational energies are associated with each molecule. Translation kinetic energy of each molecule,
Important points: Kinetic energy per molecule of a gas does not depend upon the mass of the molecule but only depends upon the temperature of the gas.
Kinetic energy per mole of gas depends only upon the temperature of gas.
Kinetic energy per gram of gas depend upon the temperature as well molecular weight (or mass of one molecule) of the gas.
From the above expressions it is clear that higher the temperature of the gas, more will be the average kinetic energy possessed by the gas molecules at T= 0, E = 0, i.e. at absolute zero the molecular motion stops.
Q12. Which of the following diagrams (figure) depicts ideal gas behaviour ?
So, graph of PV versus T will be a straight line parallel to the temperature axis (x-axis).
i.e., slope of this graph will be zero.
So, (d) is not correct.
Q13. When an ideal gas is compressed adiabatically, its temperature rises the molecules on the average have more kinetic energy than before. The kinetic energy increases,
(a) because of collisions with moving parts of the wall only
(b) because of collisions with the entire wall
(c) because the molecules gets accelerated in their motion inside the volume
(d) because of redistribution of energy amongst the molecules
Sol:(a) Since the gas is ideal and the collisions of the molecules are elastic. When the molecules collides with the moving parts of the wall, its kinetic energy increases. But the total kinetic energy of the system will remain conserved. When the gas is compressed adiabatically, the total work done on the gas increases, its internal energy which in turn increases the KE of gas molecules and hence, the collisions between molecules also increases.
Very Short Answer Type Questions
Q14. Calculate the number of atoms in 39.4 g gold. Molar mass of gold is 197 g mole-1
Q15. The volume of a given mass of a gas at 27 °C, 1 atm is 100 cc. What will be its volume at 327 °C?
Key concept: Here the temperatures are given in Celsius. To apply ideal gas equation, we must convert the given temperature in kelvin. So, to convert them in kelvin we use the relation
Q16. The molecules of a given mass a gas have root mean square speeds of 100 ms-1 at 27 °C and 1.00 atmospheric pressure. What will be the root mean square speeds of the molecules of the gas at 127 °C and 2.0 atmospheric pressure?
Sol: Key concept:Root Mean Square Speed: It is defined as the square root of mean of squares of the speed of different molecules
Q17. Two molecules of a gas have speeds of 9 x 1016 ms-1 and 1 x I06 ms-1 respectively. What is the root mean square speed of these molecules?
Sol: rms speed for w-molecules is defined as:
Q18. A gas mixture consists of 2.0 moIes of oxygen and 4.0 moles of neon at temperature T. Neglecting all vibrational modes, calculate the total internal energy of the system. (Oxygen has two rotational modes.)
Sol: Key concept: Degree of Freedom:
The term degree of freedom of a system refers to the possible independent motions, systems can have or
The total number of independent modes (ways) in which a system can possess energy is called the degree of freedom (f).
The independent motions can be translational, rotational or vibrational or any combination of these.
So the degree of freedom are of three types:
(i) Translational degree of freedom
(ii) Rotational degree of freedom
(iii) Vibrational degree of freedom
General expression for degree of freedom
f=3A- B; where A = Number of independent particles.
B = Number of independent restriction
Diatomic gas: Molecules of diatomic gas are made up of two atoms joined rigidly to one another through a bond. This cannot only move bodily, but also rotate about one of the three co-ordinate axes. However its moment of inertia about the axis joining the two atoms is negligible compared to that about the other two axes.
Hence it can have only two rotational motion. Thus a diatomic molecule has 5 degree of freedom: 3 translational and 2 rotational.
Monoatomic gas: Molecules of
monoatomic gas can move in any direction in space so it can have three independent motions and hence 3 degrees of freedom (all translational).
Neon (Ne) is a monoatomic gas having 3 degrees of freedom.
Energy per mole = 3/2RT
Hence, Energy = 4 x3/2 RT = 6RT ….(ii)
[Using Eqs. (i) and (ii)]
Total energy = 5RT = 6RT= 11RT
Q19. Calculate the ratio of the mean free paths of the molecules of two gases having molecular diameters 1 A and 2 A. The gases may be considered under identical conditions of temperature, pressure and volume.
Sol: Mean Free Path:
(1) The distance travelled by a gas molecule between two successive collisions is known as free path.
λ = Total distance travelled by a gas molecule between successive collisions / Total number of collisions
During two successive collisions, a molecule of a gas moves in a straight line with constant velocity.
Let λ1, λ2 , λ3 be the distance travelled by a gas molecule during n collisions respectively, then the mean free path of a gas molecule is given by
Short Answer Type Questions
When the partition is removed, the gases get mixed without any loss of energy. The mixture now attains a common equilibrium pressure and the total volume of the system is sum of the volume of individual chambers V1 and V2. Let P be the pressure after the partition is removed.
Q21. A gas mixture consists of molecules of A, B and C with masses mA > mB > mc. Rank the three types of molecules in decreasing order of (a) average KE, (b) rms speeds.
Q22. We have 0.5 g of hydrogen gas in a cubic chamber of size 3 cm kept at NTP. The gas in the chamber is compressed keeping the temperature constant till a final pressure of 100 atm. Is one justified in assuming the ideal gas law, in the final state? (Hydrogen molecules can be consider as spheres of radius 1 A).
Q23. When air is pumped into a cycle tyre the volume and pressure of the air in the tyre both are increased. What about Boyle’s law in this case?
Sol: Here, according to the question, when air is pumped, more molecules are pumped and Boyle’s law is stated for situation where, mass of molecules remains constant.
In this case, when air is pumped into a cycle tyre, mass of air in it increases as the number of air molecules keep increasing. Hence, this is a case of variable mass, Boyle’s law (and even Charle’s law) is only applicable in situations, where mass of gas molecules remains fixed. Hence, Boyle’s law is not applicable in this case.
Q24. A balloon has 5.0 mole of helium at 7 °C. Calculate
(a) the number of atoms of helium in the balloon.
(b) the total internal energy of the system.
Important point: The above degrees of freedom are shown at room temperature. Further at high temperature, in case of diatomic or polyatomic molecules, the atoms with in the molecule may also vibrate with respect to each other. In such cases, the molecule will have an additional degrees of freedom, due to vibrational motion.
An object which vibrates in one dimension has two additional degrees of freedom. One for the potential energy and one for the kinetic energy of vibration. Helium is a mono atomic gas and It has only 3 degrees of freedom. But after addition its degree of freedom will be 5.
Q25. Calculate the number of degrees of freedom of molecules of hydrogen in 1 cc of hydrogen gas at NTP.
Key concept: Total number of degrees of freedom in a thermodynamical system = Number of degrees of freedom associated per molecule x number of molecules.
Q26. An insulated container containing monoatomic gas of molar mass m is moving with a velocity v0. If the container is suddenly stopped, find the change in temperature.
Sol: Since, the container is suddenly stopped which is initially moving with velocity v0, there is no time for exchange of heat in the process. Then total KE of the container is transferred to gas molecules in the form of translational KE, thereby increasing the absolute temperature.
Let n be the no. of moles of the monoatomic gas in the container. Since molar mass of the gas is m.
Total mass of the container, M = mn
KE of molecules due to velocity v0,
KE = 1/2(mn) v02
NCERT Exemplar ProblemsMathsPhysicsChemistryBiology
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HUGE REVEAL!! LEGO Marvel Super Heroes Daily Bugle 76178
LEGO Fan May 18, 2021 May 18, 2021
Hey guys! After many rumours and a teaser put out by LEGO yesterday, we can now take a detailed look at the largest (and tallest) Marvel set: LEGO Marvel Super Heroes Daily Bugle 76178. VIP members can pick up this new set as of May 26th, 2021 and June 1, 2021 for everyone else. Check out all the details below!
YouTuber, Ashnflash, puts this set in his top 5 favourite sets:
Check out this video, by YouTuber, just2good for all the details:
YouTuber, PotterMinifigPals, shares her opinions in this video:
Hear what YouTuber, Bricksie, is saying about the new set:
YouTuber, Emmasaurus, thinks this could be the best set of 2021:
Check out YouTuber, Ashnflash, unbox the set:
LEGO Set Description
LEGO Marvel Spider-Man – Daily Bugle (76178) combines 25 classic characters from the Spider-Man universe in a breathtaking model to build and display – for adults.
A four-story tribute to the Marvel Universe.
This 82 cm high, 3,772-piece replica of the Daily Bugle office building serves as the backdrop for the most famous heroes and villains from the Marvel Universe! Some of these characters are shown as LEGO minifigures for the first time in this set. The detailed building is bursting with great functions. A typical New York taxi stands in front of the editor-in-chief’s penthouse office. Marvel fans will be delighted with the challenging construction project. The individual floors, the roof and the outer walls can be removed from the finished model in order to better admire this homage to the Marvel universe.
LEGO® Marvel Spider-Man – Daily Bugle (76178) is the ultimate build and display model for adult Marvel fans. The set also includes some of the most famous heroes and villains from the Marvel Universe.
25 minifigures bring the set to life, including Doctor Octopus, Spider-Man, Venom, Miles Morales, Spider-Ham, Green Goblin, Peter Parker, Spider-Gwen, Mysterio, Sandman and Robbie Robertson!
5 characters are minifigured for the first time in this set – Blade, the Vampire Slayer, J. Jonah Jameson, owner of the Daily Bugle, Black Cat, Daredevil and Punisher. Spider-Man’s buggy is also included.
This 3,772-piece replica of the Daily Bugle takes all of your creative superpowers. The model of the office building is bursting with authentic details and fascinating functions for spectacular superhero action.
This four-story homage to the Marvel Universe is a demanding construction project for adult builders and comic fans and will attract admiring glances everywhere.
This imposing model is 82 cm high, 27 cm wide and 27 cm deep. The set also includes lots of classic characters, realistic functions, and funny accessories.
LEGO Press Release
Today, the LEGO Group reveals the new LEGO® Daily Bugle set, an intricate version of the iconic newspaper building, complete with the demanding editor, J. Jonah Jameson’s, and Peter Parker’s offices. Designed for grown-ups, it is the tallest LEGO Marvel set to date standing at 82cm tall and featuring 3,772 pieces.
The Daily Bugle offices first featured in The Amazing Spider-Man comic series over 50 years ago in 1963 and remains a much-loved setting throughout the web-slinger’s various adventures. Workplace of Peter Parker, Ben Urich, Robbie Robertson, J. Jonah Jameson and Betty Brant, it is here that the iconic phrase of “Get me pictures of Spider-Man!” was first uttered.
The LEGO Daily Bugle is incredibly detailed both inside and out, with four floors, the front street and the back alley. The whole set is also modular meaning you can remove walls and floors to get to the action within.
Within the building there are several famous settings from the various universes, including the ground floor entrance that can be destroyed to look like an explosion has taken place and the newsroom on the first floor complete with the usual office furniture of desks and computers, but also much needed donuts and other treats!
Moving up to the second floor, the villainous Green Goblin can be seen smashing a window to get to Peter Parker’s office where his camera lies waiting for the next story. The top floor also features both Betty Brant and J. Jonah Jameson’s offices.
The detail doesn’t stop with the building, as the set includes a huge cast of 25 minifigures, featuring Spidey himself alongside his most famous friends and foes, such as Gwen Stacy, Venom, Mysterio, and Doctor Octopus. The set also features new exclusive minifigures including Daredevil and Blade.
Mark John Stafford, LEGO Set Designer commented “I was seven years old when I was given my first Spider-man comic and I have always had an image of creating a LEGO model of the Daily Bugle and having Spidey and his Amazing Friends in conflict with his various enemies.
“One of my favourite elements is the Green Goblin flying inside the building through the window. Being able to design a moment of frozen action like this in a LEGO set has always been a dream and I finally got to make it happen! ”
The impressive building is a true challenge for LEGO builders and Spider-Man fans alike thanks to its large scale and intricacies. Whether it’s part of a wider collection or a standalone piece it’s a set worthy of display.
LEGO Daily Bugle set is available for €299,99 / £274,99 / $299,99 from LEGO Stores and LEGO.comfrom 26th May for LEGO VIP members and 1stJune, 2021 for all.
• Full character list: Fire Star, Blade, Doctor Octopus, Spider-Man, J. Jonah Jameson, Betty Brant, Venom, Miles Morales, Spider-Ham, Green Goblin, Gwen Stacy, Carnage, Punisher, Peter Parker, Spider-Gwen, Black Cat, Robbie Robertson, Ben Urich, Mysterio, Daredevil, Sandman, Aunt May, newspaper worker, New York taxi driver, receptionist
LEGO Marvel Super Heroes Daily Bugle 76178
Set Name: Daily Bugle
Number of Parts: 3,772
Age Recommendation: 18+
Minifigures: 25
Dimensions: 25w x 25d x 82h cm
Price (RRP): 299.99 euros
VIP Pre-Sale Date: May 26, 2021
What do you think of the LEGO Marvel Super Heroes Daily Bugle 76178? Does it fulfill your expectations? Comment below!
76178Legolego daily buglelego marvellego marvel super heroes daily bugle 76178lego marvel superheroslego spider-man
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URDU NEEDS ATTENTION,
PROPER PROMOTION
TORONTO: Center of excellence is the most appropriate title for the city of Toronto. It deserves this recognition because of the tremendous contribution being made in all fields by people of all walks of life. The progress is evident and not assumed and has made Canada proud.
Urdu language too is getting full attention, promotion and official recognition in Canada, thanks to Toronto and immigrants. It is fast growing, gaining popularity and carving its deserving place in the society. Now and then various local and international intellectual, social, cultural and religious activities are held and largely attended by the people. A large number of people come from abroad, who not only help in richness of the society but also help promote Urdu, culture and values worldwide. They possess tremendous knowledge and are helping end the era of darkness.
The main focus worldwide is and should be on how to protect and promote Urdu in the society, all our generations and people. Urdu being both charismatic and majestic because of its excellent qualities keeps absorbing other languages in the most beautiful way. Urdu in reality is an ocean and other languages keep falling into it like rivers. The fragrance of Urdu keeps spreading everywhere and fast.
Urdu is like the sky studded with billions of shining stars. It is like the river from where millions benefit and quench their thirst. All attempts to suppress and destroy Urdu have miserably failed and instead it is benefiting all societies and cultures of the world in its own natural way. Its root in the people is very deep. By neglecting Urdu one cannot endanger it. Instead it is vice versa. Those who leave it become rolling stones and live on the mercy of others. In short, one cannot harm Urdu but only benefit from it. Urdu is a living legend and its charm is inescapable.
To promote Urdu, the Weekly Urdu Times of America and Canada organized the Aalmi (International) Urdu Conference Toronto 2005 in Toronto at Days Hotel from June 17-19, 2005. This was the second international Urdu conference organized here. World’s leading and distinguished scholars, researchers and poets attended in large numbers including from India Gopi Chand Narang (Sathiya Academy), Dr Qamar Raees, Shahid Maholi (Director of Ghalib Academy), Zahid Ali Khan, editor of Daily Siasat, and Prof. A. A. Fatmi of Allahabad University’s Urdu Department and editor of quarterly Urdu literary magazine Naya Safar). From Pakistan Dr Jameel Jalibi (ex-Vice-Chancellor of University of Karachi), Ata-ul Haq Qasmi (Columnist of Daily Jang), Nayyar Jehan and Rehana Roohi. From England Dr David Matthews, Syed Ashoor Kazmi and Reza Ali Abidi. There were many participants from the United States including Vakil Ansari and Dr Abdul Rehman.
The list of prominent and distinguished guests is very long. Almost all the participants were renowned and leading personalities including Dr Shanul Haq Haqqee and Jim Karygiannis, MP, who is very popular in the South Asian community because of his interest and contribution.
This Urdu conference is claimed to be the first of its kind held in Toronto. It proved very successful. The interest shown in the conference was remarkable and made the occasion memorable. The attendance was full in all of the highly informative sessions.
DECISION: It was decided in the conference that efforts would be made to protect Urdu script by all means. Awareness and interest would be created in the kids. They must be taught Urdu at home and at Sunday schools. Ways must be explored to attract them towards Urdu and make them understand its importance. An international committee would be formed to protect and promote Urdu literature by all means. The problems must be sincerely and seriously attended, studied and solved.
The distinguished speakers and participants presented their views and exchanged ideas about how to protect and promote Urdu. Some of the messages are as follows:
Jim Karygiannis, MP, said: "Urdu language is respected and recognized in Canada. The Canadian Charter of Rights has been officially translated into Urdu. The pace of progress of immigrants is very good. The future is very bright and the day is not far when their children too could become prime minister. They have made a place for themselves and now they must prepare themselves for the challenges ahead." Jim presented as a token of gift the Canadian Charter of Rights to Jameel Jalibi and the organizers.
Gopi Chand Narang said: "There is no need for worry or disappointment because Urdu is a living language. Problems do exist but we have to have faith in the language to solve them. When there is crisis we must have more faith. The problems faced by Urdu in India and Pakistan could only be solved by the people there. Languages cannot be killed or created and as regards Urdu its face is very beautiful."
He said: "There is no need to be sad. Urdu has progressed and has produced world-class poets. The communication and artistry of Urdu is very natural, impressive and makes it beautiful. Although I know seven languages but Urdu has attracted and impressed me the most. Urdu should not be monopolized. All lovers of Urdu must work together. Urdu media and channels must be promoted. Urdu speaking in homes is very important. Find ways to attract the new generation towards Urdu. This is very important for promotion of Urdu."
Dr Shanul Haq Haqqee said: "Urdu is as old as any modern language. It has survived and progressed despite fear of extinction due to the conspiracies. Urdu is vanishing as our young and coming generations cannot protect Urdu. Policies are being made to destroy it."
Dr Jameel Jalibi threw light on the state of Urdu and stressed on its proper protection. He said it is a victim of neglect.
Dr Qamar Raees said: "In Toronto a lot is being done for Urdu. In a very short period Urdu has achieved remarkable progress. It is all due to the efforts of the people. Urdu needs serious and full attention. In India it is in danger and in a very bad shape. The roots are rotting. Urgent positive and practical steps are needed to save and protect Urdu."
Prof A. A. Fatmi said: "Urdu has spread from Lucknow, Delhi and Karachi to London, New York and Toronto. It has the unique quality of reaching everywhere and ruling minds. Urdu is facing a very difficult time and needs proper attention. Great scholars including Gopi Chand Narang are contributing tremendously in giving Urdu its status."
Zahid Ali Khan said: "Urdu is suffering in both India and Pakistan. Efforts must be made to create awareness about the need, scope and importance of Urdu. Thousands of children in Hyderabad Deccan quit education and opt for jobs. This situation is extremely alarming. For the last over 50 years the Urdu lovers were only shown dreams of serving Urdu. Now is the time to expose them to reality. With only $5 we can help educate a child in India."
Zahid Ali Khan invited the audience to the International Urdu Conference being held from November 18-20,2005, in Hyderabad Deccan, India. Daily Siasat will organize this conference in collaboration with Urdu Times of America and Canada.
Dr Abdur Rehman said: "Holding of this conference shows that we are serious and ready to serve and promote Urdu. We have to find out what we have been doing, what we are doing and what could be done for Urdu. Follow up of the work on Urdu is extremely essential for its protection."
Syed Ashoor Kazmi said: "The fault lies with us for keeping our children away from Urdu. Now we must make a commitment to teach Urdu to one person at least. In order to keep contact with roots we must create awareness and interest about Urdu."
Dr Syed Taghi Abedi, who shares the credit of success with Shahid Hashmi, said: "The focus must be fully on promotion of Urdu and not authorities. We need to create proper understanding about sensing the importance of our principles, values and issues. This will teach us to help and respect each other. Promotion of Urdu is the best source in this connection. It can help revolutionize thinking of the people." He thanked the organizing team members for the great support extended in giving the moot the shape of success.
Reza Ali Abidi said: "Urdu now needs full attention. It is time to protect it because it is being neglected. The recommendations must be realistic and implemented. It is time for becoming practical doing something positive."
Dr David Matthews, who speaks Urdu fluently and spoke only in Urdu during his stay here, said: "Urdu is an international language and is spoken and can be spoken and understood anywhere in the world. Urdu lovers are spread everywhere. The future of Urdu is bright and there is no need for worry and disappointment."
MAN OF THE MOOT: Khalilur Rehman, Publisher of Urdu Times, paid rich tributes to Shahid Hashmi and said: "Without Shahid Hashmi holding of this conference would not have been possible. He worked tirelessly and contributed tremendously in ensuring its great success."
Shahid Hashmi keeps conveying his popular message: "Promote Urdu in the real sense instead of selling and commercializing it. Time has exposed the exploiters, who kept fooling the people. Now the saner elements are taking charge of the affairs and serving and promoting the cause sincerely. Now is the time to join them on a common platform in the interest of all."
Khalilur Rehman also paid tributes to Dr Syed Taghi Abedi and all the team members for the very successful sessions held. All the presentations were of high quality and enjoyed by the audience. Both Urdu and people gained tremendously from the proceedings.
GHAZAL/MUSHAIRA: People enjoyed the Ghazal and Mushaira events as well. In the Ghazal program. Yasmin Rashid from USA and Tahir Jamal from Canada entertained the audience with their beautiful presentations. They won hearts of the people.
The Mushaira was very good but most of the people, who eagerly wanted to hear the guest poets, were badly disappointed and frustrated because the turn of the foreign guests came very late. The local poets were in very large numbers and despite each given very little time consumed most of the time. The bad expression was clearly evident on the faces of the people. Reza Ali Abidi prepared a poem exclusively for children but by the time his turn came it was too late and the children had left and there were few people present in the hall. This made him very sad.
Dr Syed Taghi Abedi defended the sequence and told the audience that it was the decision of the committee. He said that in all good Mushairas the turn of the renowned and leading poets always comes in the end. At that time those few present are the real lovers of poetry.
People hoped that next time this aspect must be taken into consideration and both the guests and audience respected and entertained accordingly. People were of the view that they keep hearing the local poets and this was the best occasion and opportunity to hear in full the foreign guests. Both the audience and the poets should have been given the chance to please each other. Had the sentiments been respected, the Mushaira could have become really lively, entertaining and memorable. There is always room for improvement and the organizers must understand this. They did well but must do better next time. Mistakes must be noted and avoided.
BOOKS EXHIBITION: A books and poster exhibition was also held. It attracted a large crowd. Over 1000 books were put on display.
The entry to the conference was free but not the food. Shahnawaz Restaurant arranged stalls and provided very delicious food to the people at nominal rates.
BAZM-E-ANJUM: The Bazm-e-Anjum Missisauga, Ontario, Canada, too organized an evening in honour of Gopi Chand Narang on June 21, 2005. A large number of selected people were invited. The question and answer session was very informative. Mashkoor Hassan Burney hosted the event. Dr Shanul Haq Haqqee presided. International poets and scholars from India Dr Qamar Raees, Shahid Maholi and Prof A.A. Fatmi, Rehana Roohi from Pakistan, David Matthews from England were among the distinguished guests.
I THANK THE ALMIGHTY FOR HIS BLESSINGS AND MY SUCCESS
DEDICATED TO SERVE, CREATE AWARENESS
NOTE: WITH PERMISSION TO ETHICALLY PRINT, USE AND FORWARD.
Javed Zaheer (Masters in International Relations), Canadian of Pakistani Origin (CPO), Professional Freelance Journalist, Veteran Active Member (VAM) of Toronto Press Club, Council Member of Karachi Press Club, former Senior Sub-Editor of Pakistan’s leading English Daily DAWN. Address: 1709-35 Thorncliffe Park Drive, Toronto, Ontario, M4H 1J3, Canada. Tel # (416) 696-0981.
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Help us Help our Heroes
REBSEA actively supports many Veterans Service Organizations. Many of our members regularly donate to these organizations. We recognize that many of our veterans are homeless, many are suffering from PTSD, and that 22 Veterans commit suicide each and every day. We all need to help address these challenges for the sake of our Veterans, to whom we owe so much.
Many Veteran Service Organizations have joined REBSEA as NPO Members. You can help direct donations to a Veterans Service Organization by choosing to do business with a REBSEA Realtor or Business Member near you.
Find a REBSEA member near you
If you know of a Veterans Service Organization that is doing a great job in assisting our veterans anywhere in America, we want to know about them! Please tell us about them by contacting REBSEA at info@rebsea.org or invite them to join REBSEA as a NPO Member by visiting REBSEA
REBSEA NPO Member ABS Community Research and their partner, Veterans1, are working to form a coalition of Veterans groups to help our Vets with jobs, housing, and many other needs. REBSEA is proud to be associated with such a dynamic group.
Veterans1: Veterans Service Organizations and Community Partnerships
Advocacy for Veterans and Speaking to Congressional Quests for Solutions
There are now 22.3 million U.S. Veterans, and this number is growing every day, with the greatest concentration of veterans in California, Texas, Florida, Pennsylvania, and New York. U.S. Congress continues ongoing review of the best ways and means to serve those who have served our country. This includes addressing issues such as transition into civilian employment, job training and job opportunities, traumatic brain injury (TBI), the 22 veteran suicides per day and suicide prevention, and post-traumatic stress (PTSD).
However, decades of challenges at the U.S. Veterans Administration persist, disconnects between the VA and Defense Department are ongoing, and thousands of military are transitioning into the civilian lifestyle every day with the drawdown of troops in overseas deployments.
While the national unemployment rate may appear to be improving, the challenge for our military to transition into new civilian careers remains great. For post-9/11 veterans across America, the national unemployment average is 7.2%, with 10.3% unemployment for veterans returning from Iraq and Afghanistan. In many states that rate is even higher for younger veterans, such as Arkansas (14.2%), Oklahoma (13.4%), Connecticut (12.9%), and Kansas (12.2%). In addition, 1 million veterans are in process of the 2012-2017 transition out of the military, presenting a growing need for job training and employment.
Washington DC based Veterans1 campaign, founded by Kenneth Feltman, has been involved in philanthropic and voluntary support to wounded military and veteran advocacy for over 11 years, including with Wounded Warriors, GI Film Festival, and military hospitals. For example, through volunteerism Veterans1 personally assisted wounded military in being transitioned to hospitals which were located closer to their families.Today, Veterans1 supports community partnerships in advancing the state of affairs for our veterans.
Veterans1 understands the challenges our veterans face in the transition from the military to civilian workforce. It is crucial for veterans to have access to job training and related education that prepares our brave men and women for new careers, and to have access to vocational counselors, job fairs, and entrepreneurial programs in exposing veterans to the hundreds of corporate and government employers with committed interest to hire those that served in our Armed Forces.
In February of this year, ABS Community Research entered into charitable partnershipwith Veterans1 to raise awareness on veterans-related issues, cultivate volunteer and philanthropic support for veterans service organizations (VSOs) which exhibit measurable positive impacts for veterans in their community. While we applaud extensive volunteerism that drives many VSOs, we also see the overwhelming need that veterans have, and find that more sponsorship to VSOs would allow them to hire case managers or host events to expand immediate access to assistance in their local communities.
As part of this campaign, ABS and Veterans1 also work together to educate congress on model nonprofit organizations which are providing solutions, plus bring feedback and recommendations to Washington, D.C. from the veterans themselves.
At the peak of the VA backlog debacle in Washington, issues between federal agencies, selfless commitments of nonprofit community partnerships, and ongoing challenges facing veterans were raised throughout congressional testimonies and hearings at Veterans Affairs Committees on capitol hill. In observing multiple congressional hearings, it was clear that each member of congress adopted different concerns that are all part of a complex system to support veterans.
Senator Bernie Sanders cited cost-effectiveness of health services through the VA, however called for research to advance healthcare for veterans, reflecting on the diversity of health issues between the generations. Senator Sanders also raised concerns for over-medication of veterans, calling for more alternative and non-medicinal therapies to be made available in mental healthcare.
Senator Jon Tester promoted the role of VSOs and mental health providers as crucial local partners in Montana, encouraging more local and state based partnerships across the country.
Retired Senator John D. Rockefeller charged the VA and VSOs on the issue of veteran suicides, citing the statistic that 22 veterans commit suicide on a daily basis, calling on observation of PTSD cases, monitoring and advancing the suicide watch list, and questioning methods to work with veterans in suicide prevention.
Senator Jerry Moran of Kansas prioritized the role of marriage and family therapy, calling for the hiring of additional case level therapists to expand access for veterans.
Senator Richard Blumenthal of Connecticut championed the cause of unemployment, calling for more job fairs and research on unemployment by veteran demographic, and comparisons to national unemployment rates. These are just a few examples.
Recently Veterans1 launched a newsletter campaign to raise awareness of the issues and cultivate public participation in the cause. In the initial launch, it was very moving for us to receive and share job opportunities for veterans from committed employers, refer people to local VSOs that seek volunteers, to find nonprofit organizations that may be of assistance to specific veterans issues such as in obtaining employment, and to hear feedback from veterans on how Washington is doing and what they can do better.
The feedback from veterans, including higher ranking retired military was very powerful and resourceful. In the coming weeks, Veterans1 is furnishing Open Letters to Congress with their messages, specifically on VA Hospital reform and advancement, plus recommendations for aiding veterans in a more swift process from the military to obtain benefits and transitional support.
If you would like to participate in this effort, share your comments, receive newsletters, volunteer at a VSO near you, refer job opportunities that we can share with VSOs for veterans, review and potentially co-sign the Open Letters to Congress, or donate, please contact us at Veterans1.
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Final thoughts on choose draft i also give
utworzone przez | Sie 4, 2021 | Bez kategorii |
19 as long as Texas A&M isn’t playing in the league title game.
In a coaching profession that had become buttoned-up and corporate, Swinney was engaging, folksy and laid-back.
Our time watching Jabari Parker was sadly cut short last season.
To search for players who were born on a certain date, for example all players born on December 25, choose the month, day and year with the drop down boxes and then choose the ‚Full Date Search’ option.
The Tigers slipped to 6 season, which continued a trend of year-to-year ups and downs under Malzhan.
Like the Knicks bring out the worst in us.
According to Scott Roussel of Football Scoop, Chip Kelly’s job is not guaranteed for 2021.
Some of that could be attributed to wanting to maintain distance because of COVID-19, but there’s likely more to it than that.
However, the move does speak on where Vaughn is at in his development as his rookie season has been a year full of growing pains.
It was within our group of players and managers and a few, very few other people got involved.
The news was first reported on Twitter by author John U.
Remember, before Dwayne Johnson became The Rock — he was a college football player at the University of Miami.
If you would like to search for all players born on a certain day, for example all players born on December 25th in any year, choose the month and day with the drop down boxes and then choose the ‚Month and Day Search’ option.
Other notable aspects of the schedule include two five-game home stands late in the season, 20 total back-to-backs, three four-game road trips and a potentially favorable close to the season with games against Boston, Philadelphia, Orlando and Indiana.
There’s no doubt that much of the Bucks 2014 success was due to their bench; but how will the 2015 Bucks bench unit look?
The longer it takes the longer we stay in the MW.
But, at 3, the Cardinals have become one of the biggest disappointments in the country.
To find all players born within a certain month and year, for example all players born in December of 1985, choose the month and year with the drop down boxes and then choose create your own baseball jersey Stitched Baseball Snapback Caps and Year Search’ option.
NFL teams scouting Alabama quarterback Mac Jones may not get Design Custom Baseball Split Jerseys Personalized Baseball Snapback Caps the Senior Bowl as a data point.
I’m just focused on this game, Leftwich said, via Rick Stroud of the Tampa Bay Times.
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Father of Ahmaud Arbery Speaks Out After Three Georgia Men Convicted of Murdering His Son; Grieving Dad Declares that ‘All Lives Matter’ in Emotional Statement
By Kendall Tietz
Ahmaud Arbery’s father reacted to the guilty verdict of the three men involved in his son’s murder Wednesday, proclaiming “all lives matter.”
“For real, all lives matter,” Marcus Arbery told the media following the guilty verdicts. “Not just black children, we don’t want to see nobody go through this. I don’t want to see no daddy watch their kid get left and shot down like that. So it’s all our problem.”
Arbery, a 25-year old black man, was shot and killed in Brunswick, Georgia on Feb. 23, 2020, when three men attempted to carry out a citizen’s arrest by chasing and cornering Arbery in two pickup trucks.
“Let’s keep fighting, let’s keep doing it and making this place a better place for all human beings,” Arbery said. “All human beings, everybody. Love everybody. All human beings need to be treated equally … today is a good day.”
The media seeks to divide us all up via identity politics when the reality is almost all parents feel exactly what Arbery’s dad said today: pic.twitter.com/nL3wxQnkGz
— Clay Travis (@ClayTravis) November 24, 2021
Gregory McMichael and his son Travis, along with their neighbor William Bryan could face life sentences without parole for the murder. Travis’ lawyers attempted to argue he was acting in self defense when he shot Arbery, but the prosecution said Arbery was not a threat to him.
The three men claimed Arbery was the offender of recent break-ins in their neighborhood, but prosecutors said he was merely jogging.
Travis testified that Arbery never spoke to him, threatened him or wielded a weapon and when the prosecutor asked him if Arbery “just ran,” when confronted, he said yes.
The men were also convicted of false imprisonment and face federal hate crime charges.
Fake News Media Freaks Out Over Grassroots Republican Uprising Against Election Fraud
Former Trump Defense Secretary Miller on Milley: ‘A Disgraceful And Unprecedented Act Of Insubordination’
Joe’s Inflation Nation! Biden’s Policies Will Cost Families $3,500 This Year, Lower Income Hit The Hardest!
LOL: Twitter ERUPTS With Hilarious Comments After Only A Few Dozen People Show Up To WNBA Championship Parade
TRUTH Is Coming! Trump Social Media App to Make Long-Awaited Debut In February
WATCH: Trump Honors The 13 American Soldiers Who Were Killed Because Of Biden
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New Study Reveals Where And Why 80% Of Fatal E-Scooter Crashes Involve Cars Most Collisions Occur
About 30 people in the United States have been killed riding electric scooters since 2018. Most – 80% – were hit by drivers of cars.
Publicly available e-scooters arrived to U.S. cities in 2017 as an energy-efficient and fun new way to get around town. By 2019, e-scooter rides had soared from zero to 88 million trips annually.
But putting e-scooter riders on the same roads as cars without good infrastructure or clear rules has been dangerous. Making streets safer will require urban policymakers, not to mention drivers, to understand where and why cars collide with these new vehicles.
The few empirical studies on e-scooter safety come from emergency departments in cities where e-scooters launched early, like Los Angeles and Austin. They meticulously describe which injuries occurred and which bones were broken in crashes – primarily wrists and minor head injuries – and document the location on the body of other injuries, like scrapes and sprains.
E-scooters have small electric motors and handlebar throttles.
Christopher Cherry, CC BY
But they do not provide insight about how and why these injuries happened. My “micromobility” research team, which studies lightweight and low-speed vehicles like e-bikes and e-scooters, has now conducted an in-depth study on e-scooter traffic safety, in Nashville, Tennessee.
Our findings, published in April 2021 in the Journal of Safety Research, found that e-scooter crashes with cars follow different patterns than bicycle crashes – but both result from unsafe infrastructure for nonmotorized vehicles.
Where e-scooters and cars collide
Safety has been a persistent barrier for cities in encouraging residents to adopt greener, alternative modes of transportation. Nationally, two-thirds of the more than 1,000 bicycle fatalities in 2018 occurred when riders were struck by a vehicle driver.
To better understand how e-scooter collisions with cars compare, we scoured Nashville police reports of crashes between 2018 and 2020. E-scooters launched in Nashville in 2018.
In total, we identified 52 documented e-scooter crashes and 79 bicycle crashes, with one scooter rider fatality and no bicyclist fatalities.
About 80% of both bike and e-scooter crashes happened at intersections, and about 70% occurred in daylight. That was somewhat surprising. An influential 2019 study on e-scooter safety in Austin, Texas identified nighttime riding as riskiest.
Instead, our study points to riding on the sidewalk as the main risk on e-scooters.
Despite local rules prohibiting scooter-riding on sidewalks, more than 60% of crashes between cars and scooters happened when a sidewalk scooter rider and driver collided at either a driveway or crosswalk. The scooter was almost always coming from the car’s right, where drivers likely aren’t expecting moving vehicles to come off the sidewalk and into traffic.
Nashville cyclists mostly ride on the road, so they crash at driveways and crosswalks about as half as often. They are much more likely to be hit from behind, or when either the driver or bike rider turns across the other’s path on the roadway. This finding aligns with other studies on bicycle-car crash patterns.
Policy implications
E-scooter and bicyclist crashes with cars aren’t as different as they may seem. They both reflect a lack of infrastructure designed for people who choose alternate modes of transportation.
In many cities, bicycle lanes end or zigzag suddenly across the road. Intersections leave riders stranded in a dangerous swarm of moving vehicles.
Connected bike lines combined with protected intersections that give riders – particularly novices – intuitive ways to cross and turn would make streets safer. Simply limiting right-turn-on-red also reduces collisions between drivers, pedestrians and cyclists, studies show.
E-scooter parking is a problem, too.
Currently, scooter-share companies like Lime require scooters to be parked on sidewalks, placing riders onto the sidewalk at the beginning and end of each trip. Providing on-street parking can induce adult riders of powered e-scooters onto the street, where they belong.
Lime electric scooters parked in Portland, Ore.
Steve Morgan/Wikimedia commons, CC BY
But only better infrastructure will keep them there.
So far, in Nashville as in other cities, the main tactics made to keep scooter riders off sidewalks are educational campaigns, in-app messages and sidewalk decals. Clearly, that’s not working – and it is leading to crashes.
Hit-and-runs
Alcohol is not a major factor in e-scooter crashes in Nashville. Only two of Nashville’s 52 scooter riders involved in crashes were reported as intoxicated. Drunk cyclists were similarly rare.
This finding contradicts early data from San Diego and Austin pointing to alcohol as a factor in e-scooter crashes.
Drunk drivers did not seem to be a major cause of car-scooter and car-bike collisions in Nashville, either. That said, we know the intoxication level of only the drivers who stuck around to speak with police.
Of 104 Nashville drivers involved in e-scooter or bike crashes, 27 of them fled the scene.
Christopher R. Cherry, University of Tennessee
Christopher R. Cherry, Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Tennessee
Published in SOCIETY
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Ælla d. 867, though not of royal blood, was chosen king by the Northumbrians, when they deposed Osberht. While Northumbria was divided between the parties of the two kings, the Danish host, which had wintered in East Anglia, crossed the mouth of the Humber and took York. By the intervention of the chief men of the land peace was made between the rival kings. They joined their forces, and drove the Danes into York. Part of their army succeeded in entering the city. But the Danes rallied, and after a fierce battle the Northumbrians were defeated with great slaughter. Both Ælla and Osberht were slain. This victory established the Danish power in Northumbria. This is all that is really known of Ælla. Different stories are told of him and of the cause of the Danish invasion. It is said that he caused the sea-king, Ragnar Lodbrog, to be bitten to death by serpents; that the sons of the hero came to avenge their father's death; that they took Ælla alive, and slew him in the barbarous manner described as carving an eagle on him. Another story makes Ælla violate the wife of a rich merchant of York, who avenged the wrong by calling in the invaders. This story may be compared with many others which attribute successful invasions to vengeance taken for personal wrong, and especially with the famous story of Count Julian..
Sources: Anglo-Saxon Chron.
Asser, de rebus gestis Ælfredi
Simeon of Durham
Henry of Huntingdon, lib. v.
Saxo Gramm. ix. 176, 177
Peter Olafsson, in Langebek, Scriptores Rer. Dan. i. 111
Gaimar, 2598-2830
Mon. Hist. Brit. pp. 795-798.
Contributor: W. H. [William Hunt]
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Main News Research Members Courses Notes
Publications Opportunities Resources Q-Chem PSI Group Area
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Derek Metcalf
Group Position: Graduate Student
B.S. Chemical Engineering, Michigan State University, 2018
SETCA Poster Award, 2019
Machine Learning in Chemistry
``Electron-Passing Neural Networks for Atomic Charge Prediction in Systems with Arbitrary Molecular Charge,'' D. P. Metcalf, A. Jiang, S. A. Spronk, D. L. Cheney, and C. D. Sherrill, J. Chem Inf. Model. 61, 115 (2021) (doi: 10.1021/acs.jcim.0c01071)
``AP-Net: An Atomic-Pairwise Neural Network for Smooth and Transferable Interaction Potentials,'' Z. L. Glick, D. P. Metcalf, A. Koutsoukas, S. A. Spronk, D. L. Cheney, and C. D. Sherrill, J. Chem. Phys. 153, 044112 (2020) (doi: 10.1063/5.0011521)
``Approaches for Machine Learning Intermolecular Interaction Energies and Application to Energy Components From Symmetry Adapted Perturbation Theory,'' D. P. Metcalf, A. Koutsoukas, S. A. Spronk, B. L. Claus, D. A. Loughney, S. R. Johnson, D. L. Cheney, and C. D. Sherrill, J. Chem. Phys. 152, 074103 (2020) (doi: 10.1063/1.5142636)
© The Sherrill Group
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Turrell
Aten Reign
Roden Crater
SELECT PAGE Introduction Aten Reign Early Works Roden Crater Biography Video Tickets Catalogue
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Since the 1960s, James Turrell has created an expansive body of work that offers profound revelations about perception and the materiality of light. With their refined formal language and quiet, almost reverential atmospheres, his installations celebrate the optical and emotional effects of luminosity.
Turrell emerged as one of the foremost artists associated with what is known as the Light and Space movement, which began in Southern California in the mid-1960s. Building on his early research into sensory deprivation (particularly the Ganzfeld effect, in which viewers
experience disorienting, unmodulated fields of color), his art encourages a state of reflexive vision that he calls “seeing yourself seeing,” wherein we become aware of the function of our own senses and of light as a tangible substance. These perceptual concerns are coupled with a deep commitment to the natural world and an interest in orienting his work around celestial events. The latter is manifested most fully in Turrell’s Roden Crater Project (1979– ), his magnum opus currently under construction at an extinct volcano near Flagstaff, Arizona.
This exhibition, Turrell’s first solo
presentation in a New York museum since 1980, considers the dominant themes explored by the artist for nearly fifty years, focusing on his explorations of perception, light, color, and space and the critical role of site specificity in his practice. It features a selection of early works, drawn from the museum’s Panza Collection as well as loans, that introduces visitors to the artist’s first statements in light. However, the show’s centerpiece is Aten Reign (2013), a major new project created specifically for the Guggenheim that reimagines the rotunda of Frank Lloyd Wright’s iconic building as one of Turrell’s luminous and immersive
Skyspaces. Opened on the summer solstice, the installation fills the museum’s central void with shifting natural and artificial light and intense, modulating color, creating a dynamic perceptual experience that exposes the materiality of light.
James Turrell, Aten Reign, 2013. Daylight and LED light. Temporary site-specific installation, Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York © James Turrell. Photo: David Heald © SRGF
For his exhibition at the Guggenheim, Turrell has created a major new installation entitled Aten Reign (2013), radically transforming the museum in the tradition of his most sweeping, large-scale projects. For the first time, the Frank Lloyd Wright–designed rotunda can be experienced only from below, as a volume of space floating overhead rather than a transparency to be looked across. No objects occupy the rotunda, aside from the structures the artist requires to reveal and amplify the luminous nature of the space. Turrell proposes an entirely new encounter with the building, drawing attention away from the boundaries of the
built environment toward the interior and fashioning what he has described as “an architecture of space created with light.”
In Aten Reign, daylight from the museum’s oculus streams down to light the deepest layer of a massive assembly suspended from the ceiling. Using a series of interlocking cones lined with LED fixtures, the installation surrounds this core of daylight with five elliptical rings of shifting, colored light that echo the banded pattern of the museum’s ramps. As is typical of Turrell’s work, the apparatus that creates the effect is mostly hidden from view, encouraging viewers
to interpret what they see by means of their own perception. The work promotes a state of meditative contemplation in a communal viewing space, rekindling the museum’s founding identity as a “temple of spirit,” as articulated by Hilla Rebay, the Guggenheim’s first director and a pioneer in the promotion of nonobjective art.
Additional Views of Aten Reign
James Turrell, Aten Reign, 2013. Daylight and LED light. Temporary site-specific installation, Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York © James Turrell. Photo: © Florian Holzherr
James Turrell, Afrum I (White), 1967. Projected light, dimensions variable. Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York, Panza Collection, Gift 92.4175 © James Turrell. Photo: David Heald © SRGF
In 1966 Turrell moved into a building formerly known as the Mendota Hotel in Ocean Park, California, where he embarked on a groundbreaking series of works exploring the ways light can manipulate the perception of space, grouping them into broad categories based on similarities in structure and perceptual effects. In Afrum I (White) (1967), one of the earliest of what Turrell calls Cross Corner Projections, visitors encounter a glowing cube floating in the corner of a room; what first appears to be a solid object resolves upon closer inspection into simple planes of light. The Single Wall Projection Prado (White)
(1967), on the other hand, seems to dematerialize space, dissolving the wall and creating a passage to an unknown space beyond. The Shallow Space Construction Ronin (1968) reverses this effect, emanating light so that a vertical architectural fissure appears as a solid plane and dematerializes the darkened wall.
Turrell left Ocean Park in 1974 and moved to Flagstaff, Arizona, where he began to develop a series of light spaces and natural observatories at Roden Crater. At the same time, he continued to conceive installations for gallery spaces, including
the Space Division Constructions. These pieces, including Iltar (1976), create an effect that may be read alternately as a flat panel of color hanging on a wall, a foggy void, or an opening into a separate chamber. Turrell also began to create works on paper, including several portfolios of etchings in which he explored the qualities of light that could be transmitted through the aquatint technique. First Light (1989–90) depicts the formal permutations around which he conceived his first projections, invoking the radiant power of the actual installations through white geometric shapes framed with rich black ink.
Additional Views of Early Works
James Turrell, Prado (White), 1967. Projected light, dimensions variable. Collection of Kyung-Lim Lee Turrell © James Turrell. Photo: David Heald © SRGF
James Turrell, Ronin, 1968. LED light, dimensions variable. Collection of the artist © James Turrell. Photo: David Heald © SRGF
James Turrell, Iltar, 1976. Tungsten light, dimensions variable. Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York, Panza Collection, Gift 91.4077 © James Turrell. Photo: David Heald © SRGF
James Turrell, Meeting (from the portfolio First Light), 1989–90. Aquatint, plate: 99.4 x 69.1 cm; sheet: 108 x 75.6 cm. Peter Blum Edition, New York © James Turrell. Photo: Courtesy Peter Blum Edition, New York
James Turrell, Carn (from the portfolio First Light), 1989–90. Aquatint, plate: 99.4 x 69.1 cm; sheet: 108 x 75.6 cm. Peter Blum Edition, New York © James Turrell. Photo: Courtesy Peter Blum Edition, New York
James Turrell, Acro (from the portfolio First Light), 1989–90. Aquatint, plate: 99.4 x 69.1 cm; sheet: 108 x 75.6 cm. Peter Blum Edition, New York © James Turrell. Photo: Courtesy Peter Blum Edition, New York
James Turrell, Phantom (from the portfolio First Light), 1989–90. Aquatint, plate: 99.4 x 69.1 cm; sheet: 108 x 75.6 cm. Peter Blum Edition, New York © James Turrell. Photo: Courtesy Peter Blum Edition, New York
James Turrell, Ondoe (from the portfolio First Light), 1989–90. Aquatint, plate: 99.4 x 69.1 cm; sheet: 108 x 75.6 cm. Peter Blum Edition, New York © James Turrell. Photo: Courtesy Peter Blum Edition, New York
Roden Crater, Flagstaff, Arizona. View toward the northeast, 2009 © James Turrell. Photo: Courtesy James Turrell studio
Roden Crater, an extinct volcanic cinder cone, lies just northeast of Flagstaff, Arizona, in the San Francisco volcanic field. Turrell discovered the site in 1974 after spending seven months crisscrossing the American West in a small airplane in search of a location for a massive new project in the landscape. Standing some 600 feet above the surrounding desert with a nearly circular bowl, Roden Crater met the artist’s specifications precisely. By 1979 he had begun devising a series of mostly subterranean chambers and passageways meticulously oriented around celestial events, enabling a direct
and profound experience of the sun, moon, and stars, and with it a new understanding of the place of human consciousness amid the cosmos. When complete, the project will comprise examples of each of Turrell’s major installation types and form a massive naked-eye observatory. Uniquely positioned to accept and amplify nature’s luminosity, Roden Crater is the grand manifestation of Turrell’s work, a contemporary site where one can go, like a pilgrim, to experience the radiant power of light surrounded by an ancient natural landscape.
Additional Views of Roden Crater
James Turrell, Roden Crater: Complete Site Plan, 2009. Carbon print, 61 x 61 cm, edition of 50 © James Turrell. Photo: Courtesy James Turrell studio
Roden Crater. Aerial view, ca. 1983. Photo: Courtesy James Turrell studio
James Turrell, Crater Bowl Plaza from Roden Crater Project, 1979– . Site-specific installation, Flagstaff, Arizona © James Turrell. Photo: © Florian Holzherr
Roden Crater. Aerial view of crater bowl, July 6, 2004. Photo: Courtesy James Turrell studio
James Turrell, Crater’s Eye from Roden Crater Project, 1979– . Site-specific installation, Flagstaff, Arizona. Day view © James Turrell. Photo: © Florian Holzherr
James Turrell, Sun and Moon Space from Roden Crater Project, 1979– . Site-specific installation, Flagstaff, Arizona. View of “image stone” © James Turrell. Photo: © Florian Holzherr
James Turrell, Alpha Tunnel from Roden Crater Project, 1979– . Site-specific installation, Flagstaff, Arizona. View toward Sun and Moon Space © James Turrell. Photo: © Florian Holzherr
James Turrell, East Portal from Roden Crater Project, 1979– . Site-specific installation, Flagstaff, Arizona. Night view from the Alpha Tunnel © James Turrell. Photo: © Florian Holzherr
James Turrell, East Portal from Roden Crater Project, 1979– . Site-specific installation, Flagstaff, Arizona. Night view © James Turrell. Photo: © Florian Holzherr
James Turrell, East Portal from Roden Crater Project, 1979– . Site-specific installation, Flagstaff, Arizona. Evening view © James Turrell. Photo: © Florian Holzherr
James Turrell, East Portal from Roden Crater Project, 1979– . Site-specific installation, Flagstaff, Arizona. Day view © James Turrell. Photo: © Florian Holzherr
James Turrell, 1983 Site Plan Blueprint, 1983 (printed 2013). Inkjet print, 58.4 x 88.3 cm, edition of 100 © James Turrell. Courtesy Art & Soul, Seattle
James Turrell, 2013 Site Plan Blueprint, 2013. Inkjet print, 134.6 x 152.4 cm, edition of 100 © James Turrell. Courtesy Art & Soul, Seattle
Roden Crater, Flagstaff, Arizona. View toward the northeast, 2003. Photo: © Florian Holzherr
James Turrell in front of Roden Crater at sunset, October 2001. Photo © Florian Holzherr
Born in Los Angeles in 1943 to a Quaker mother and a father who was a school administrator, James Turrell attended Pomona College, where his studies concentrated on psychology and mathematics. He later received a master’s degree in Art from Claremont Graduate School. Turrell’s work has been widely acclaimed and exhibited since his first showing at the Pasadena Art Museum in 1967, which established him a leader in the nascent Light and Space movement. His work has since been presented at major venues including the Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam (1976); the Whitney Museum of American Art,
New York (1980); the Israel Museum, Jerusalem (1982); the Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles (1984); MAK, Vienna (1998–99); the Mattress Factory, Pittsburgh (2002–03); and the Kunstmuseum Wolfsburg, Germany (2009–10); and was included in the 54th Venice Biennale (2011). In addition to the exhibitions at the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York; the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston; and the Los Angeles County Museum of Art in summer 2013, Turrell’s art is on view in a solo exhibition at the Academy Art Museum, Easton, Maryland. The artist’s work is represented in numerous public
collections including the Tate Modern, London; the Los Angeles County Museum of Art; the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston; the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum; and the Israel Museum. Turrell has created more than 70 Skyspaces in the Americas, Europe, and Asia, with the first made in 1974 for Count Giuseppe Panza di Biumo at his home in Varese, Italy.
Chromeless video player without related videos
In this video, James Turrell and curators Carmen Giménez and Nat Trotman discuss the role of light, perception, and site in Turrell’s artworks.
James Turrell is organized by the Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation, New York, in conjunction with the Los Angeles County Museum of Art and the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston.
The Leadership Committee for James Turrell is gratefully acknowledged for its generous support, including Lisa and Richard Baker, Pace Gallery, Almine Rech Gallery, Fundación Almine y Bernard Ruiz-Picasso para el Arte, 425 Park Avenue/Simone and David W. Levinson, and those who wish to remain anonymous.
Additional support is provided by the Affirmation Arts Fund.
© 2013 The Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation (SRGF). All rights reserved.
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Obama's United Nations Backdoor to Gun Control
Luckily, the Constitution gives the Senate exclusive power to ratify, or block, the Arms Trade Treaty.
By John Bolton and John Yoo
Even before his most ambitious gun-control proposals were falling by the wayside, President Obama was turning for help to the United Nations. On April 2, the United States led 154 nations to approve the Arms Trade Treaty in the U.N. General Assembly. While much of the treaty governs the international sale of conventional weapons, its regulation of small arms would provide American gun-control advocates with a new tool for restricting rights. Yet because the Constitution requires that two-thirds of the Senate give its advice and consent to any treaty, Second Amendment supporters still have a political route to stop the administration.
Like many international schemes, this treaty has seemingly benign motives. It seeks to "eradicate the illicit trade in conventional arms and to prevent their diversion to the illicit market," where they are used in civil wars and human-rights disasters. The treaty calls for rigorous export controls on heavy conventional weapons, such as tanks, missiles, artillery, helicopters and warships.
Yet, as with many utopian devices, the treaty fails the test of enforcement. Some of the world's largest arms traffickers either voted against the agreement or abstained. The U.S., quite rightly, already has the world's most serious export controls in place, while nations such as North Korea, Syria, Iran, Russia and China will continue to traffic in arms with abandon.
But the new treaty also demands domestic regulation of "small arms and light weapons." The treaty's Article 5 requires nations to "establish and maintain a national control system," including a "national control list." Article 10 requires signatories "to regulate brokering" of conventional arms. The treaty offers no guarantee for individual rights, but instead only declares it is "mindful" of the "legitimate trade and lawful ownership" of arms for"recreational, cultural, historical, and sporting activities." Not a word about the right to possess guns for a broader individual right of self-defense.
Gun-control advocates will use these provisions to argue that the U.S. must enact measures such as a national gun registry, licenses for guns and ammunition sales, universal background checks, and even a ban of certain weapons. The treaty thus provides the Obama administration with an end-run around Congress to reach these gun-control holy grails. As the Supreme Court's Heller and McDonald cases recently declared, the Second Amendment guarantees an individual right "to keep and bear Arms" such as handguns and rifles. Congress's power to regulate interstate commerce remains broad, but the court's decisions in other caseseven last year's challenge to the Affordable Care Actremind us that those powers are limited.
International treaties don't suffer these limits. The Constitution establishes treaties in Article II (which sets out the president's executive powers), rather than in Article I (which defines the legislature's authority)so treaties therefore aren't textually subject to the limits on Congress's power. Treaties still receive the force of law under the Supremacy Clause, which declares that "This Constitution, and the Laws of the United States which shall be made in Pursuance thereof; and all Treaties made, or which shall be made, under the Authority of the United States, shall be the supreme Law of the Land."
Some have argued over the years that this difference in language between laws and treaties allows the latter to sweep more broadly than the former. In Missouri v. Holland (1920), Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes followed this logic to declare that no "invisible radiation from the general terms of the Tenth Amendment" applies to the Treaty Power. Congress could win greater favor from the courts for gun-control measures, or President Obama could issue executive orders for a gun registry and background checks, on the claim that he is implementing the treaty.
Missouri read the treaty power broadly under the Supremacy Clause at a time when the courts gave Congress's powers short shrift, but the decision was fundamentally mistaken. The Supremacy Clause referred to treaties "made under the Authority of the United States" not to expand their scopebut to grandfather in existing agreements such as the Peace Treaty with Great Britain. In Reid v. Covert (1957), a plurality of justices agreed that the treaty power could not undermine the Bill of Rights, rightly trying to close the huge loophole that Missouri had erroneously opened.
The attempt to advance gun control through the Arms Trade Treaty might surprise average Americans, but not liberals, who have been long frustrated by the Constitution's limits on government. Gun-control statutes, like any others, have to survive both the House and the Senate, then win presidential approval. It is far easier to advance an agenda through treaties, unwritten international law and even "norms" delivered by an amorphous "international community."
Opponents of capital punishment have used treaties to press the Supreme Court to stop the death penalty in Texas. Women's rights groups advocate an international convention that would achieve the goals of the failed Equal Rights Amendment. And supporters of bans on "hate speech" invoke international norms to defeat First Amendment objections. There also is an international legal doctrine that during the period when a country has signed but not yet ratified a treaty, it must take no measures that defeat the treaty's object and purposes. Under some liberal theories, this would allow the president to put some measures of the new arms treaty into effect by executive order.
Fortunately the Framers required that the president submit all significant international agreements to the Senate, which must consent to the treaty with the same supermajority needed to send a constitutional amendment to the states or to override an executive veto.
The Senate should block this latest effort to evade the Constitution's controls on federal power. There could be no greater justification for senators to exercise their veto over treaties than the cause of protecting the individual liberties of Americansincluding the right to bear arms.
Mr. Bolton, a senior fellow at the American Enterprise Institute, is a former U.S. ambassador to the U.N. Mr. Yoo is a law professor at the University of California at Berkeley and a scholar at AEI.
Posted by JWRoss at 10:07 PM
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