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oxford university press series
Surveys of authoritative original research in a myriad of subjects. Every level develops your students' communication competences and provides integrated support for Cambridge exams. Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. Oxford University Press (OUP) is mission-driven to facilitate the widest possible dissemination of high-quality research. Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. Title or Series. You can change your cookie settings at any time. Free delivery worldwide on over 20 million titles. Express Series is now available as an e-book, with interactive features designed specifically for language learners. Link your world together with Link It! It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Discover Book Depository's huge selection of Oxford University Press Inc books online. Inspiring. Our distribution centers are open and orders can be placed online. If you'd like to learn more about how to support your child's reading, visit our Reading pages.. All our eBooks are tablet-friendly. With its well-rounded approach, Link It! Format: Paperback: Buy from. volumes cover wide-ranging aspects of the eighteenth … Christina Latham-Koenig, Clive Oxenden, Jerry Lambert, Paul Seligson, Kate Chomacki. Creating young thinkers with great futures. This list may not reflect recent changes ( learn more ). It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Online professional development courses from Oxford. Discover Book Depository's huge selection of Oxford University Press books online. Series on the Academic Oxford University Press website. Pages in category "Oxford University Press" The following 23 pages are in this category, out of 23 total. Vanessa Reilly, Mari Carmen Ocete, Hawys Morgan, Plácideo Bazo, and Marcus Peñate, Language Level: Elementary-Advanced (A2-C2), Step by step to grammar success – know it, use it, say it. Oxford Thinkers asks Big Questions to spark young learners' curiosity and promotes skills necessary for 21st century success. Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. Loved by teachers worldwide for getting students talking. ... She is also the series expert for Oxford’s series, Oxford Reading for Comprehension, and co-author of the Oxford Reading for Comprehension Teacher Handbook. ... Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. This series is recorded hot off the press in a normal garden in England beginning in March … ... Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. Concise and original introductions to a wide range of subjects, from politics to classics. A new series that looks at a variety of topics from lying to taxation from a philosophical perspective. Free teacher resources about workshops curriculum reading schemes English language teaching Digital solutions talk to us news Other Resources. It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Please contact our Customer Service Team if you have any questions. by Oxford University Press and Gordon Campbell | 28 Oct 2010. Join Oxford’s expert authors at a series of online PD workshops now available to view on demand. Immediate access to the detailed clinical information you need. Free delivery worldwide on over 20 million titles. During this time, we have made some of our learning resources freely accessible. A six-level primary course for young learners, based on the tried and trusted inquiry based methodology. Oxford Picture Dictionary Step Forward Q Skills for Success Wide Angle American English File Oxford Bookworms Library Oxford ... Oxford University Press. Oxford University Press (OUP) is the university press of University of Oxford.It is the largest university press in the world, and the second oldest after Cambridge University Press. It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Bring learning together. Language Level: Starter to Level 4 (A1-B1). Institutions can buy access codes for their students. We embrace both green and gold open access (OA) publishing to support this mission. The Oxford History of England (c.1934–86) was a notable book series on the history of the United Kingdom.Published by Oxford University Press, it was originally intended to span from Roman Britain to the outbreak of the First World War in fourteen volumes written by eminent historians. Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. All Rights Reserved. Browse author series lists, sequels, pseudonyms, synopses, book covers, ratings and awards. We use cookies to enhance your experience on our website. Oxford University Press makes digital resources available to users in a variety of institutions including academic, public, corporate, medical, and law libraries. Balanced and authoritative primers on countries and complex current events. We provide digital editions of many of our most acclaimed scholarly and reference works, as well as academic and research journals. Oxford Online Skills Program – General English or Academic, Diccionario Oxford Escolar para estudiantes mexicanos de inglés (español-inglés / inglés-español), Diccionari Oxford Pocket Català per a estudiants d'anglès Diccionari Oxford Pocket Catala Per a Estudiants D'angles 5e Pack, Tell us what you think about our website >>. Language Level: Beginner to Elementary (Pre A1-B2). With Project Explore your students will become confident communicators ready for the world beyond the classroom. A six-level secondary course for teenagers, based on the tried and trusted inquiry-based methodology. TEACHER HOME find a subject solution find a dictionary catalogues & Price lists Oxford Reading Safari. OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS SOUTH AFRICA; Menu; HOME; TEACHER. Oxford University Press has donated books that will help educate disadvantaged children in Papua New Guinea. The Oxford University Studies in the Enlightenment series, previously known as SVEC (Studies on Voltaire and the Eighteenth Century), has published over 500 peer-reviewed scholarly volumes since 1955 as part of the Voltaire Foundation at the University of Oxford.International in focus, Oxford University Studies in the Enlightenment. Title or Series. This expanded, updated edition contains enhanced coverage of modern American and British English. Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. Smart Choice Fourth Edition gives students more ways than ever to get involved, get motivated and get speaking. Do be advised that shipments may be delayed due to extra safety precautions implemented at our centers and delays with local shipping carriers. Helping Catalá students to build their vocabulary and develop their English skills. In 1927, Oxford University Press published a two-volume history of the United States by Samuel Eliot Morison, entitled The Oxford History of the United States, 1783–1917. Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary 10e builds English vocabulary better than ever before. Developed by Oxford University Press; Certified by Oxford University Department for Continuing Education; 30 hours of self-study material; Access for 12 months to study at your own pace and time Join Oxford’s expert authors at a series of online PD workshops now available to view on demand. Morison later invited Henry Steele Commager to join him in preparing a revised and expanded version, under the title The Growth of the American Republic. The Third Edition builds on Q: Skills for Success' question-centered approach with even more critical thinking, up-to-date topics, and 100% new assessment. Oxford Scholarly Editions Online - Medieval Poetry, The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Online, The European Society of Cardiology Series, Oxford Research Encyclopedias: Global Public Health, Museums, Libraries, & Information Sciences, Oxford Handbooks Online: Political Science, American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory. Lesley Koustaff, Susan Rivers, Kathleen Kampa, Charles Vilina, Kenna Bourke and Victoria Tebbs. Learn more about these useful resources on our COVID-19 page. creates confident communicators ready to achieve success. FREE eBook Library from Oxford Owl for Home. Sharp. Academic publisher Oxford University Press (OUP) has announced the first two titles in the new flagship open access journal series. Copyright © Oxford University Press, 2020. The Oxford Open series launches with Oxford Open Immunology and Oxford Open Materials Science.This is seen as an important step forward in OUP’s open access publishing programme. It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Find out more information. It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. A six-level paired skills series that helps students to think critically and succeed academically. The right balance of English grammar explanation and practice for your language level, Norman Coe, Mark Harrison, Ken Paterson (Basic) John Eastwood (Intermediate) George Yule (Advanced), Language Level: Elementary to Advanced (A1-C2). Join millions worldwide and teach practical, real life English that is relevant to your students’ lives. ... Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. 4.7 out of 5 stars 472. Language Level: Beginner to Elementary (A1 - B2). Barbara Hoskins, Karen Frazier, Ritsuko Nakata, and Carolyn Graham. Bring learning to life. Global Music Series - Oxford University Press We use cookies to enhance your experience on our website. These books give an overview of the physiology, ecology, and more, of different habitats. Catalog. It is our mission to further the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. FIND A BOOK GO. Discover the new world of Project Explore with colourful characters and exciting stories. OUP is the world's largest university press with the widest global presence. Oxford University Press has donated books that will help educate disadvantaged children in Papua New Guinea. The course takes an innovative approach to reading and listening based on academic research as to how adults best learn languages. Browse research from the latest Oxford Economic Papers Symposium on Inequality.Articles discuss selective schooling systems, increased income inequality in advanced economies since the 1980s, and the impact of wealth on … Navigate is a brand new, six-level General English course tailored exclusively to adults. Join Oxford’s expert authors at a series of online PD workshops now available to view on demand. Symposium on Inequality. It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. As a global organization, we, like many others, recognize the significant threat posed by the coronavirus. Third edition. Every lesson is underpinned by the familiar Project methodology and its tried and tested approach to grammar and vocabulary. This collection looks at the spiritual lives of historic figures. Based on a trusted and easy-to-teach methodology, Let's Go 5th Edition inspires students to enjoy learning English. The first book was printed in Oxford in 1478, only two years after Caxton set up the first printing press in England.
Despite this early start, the printing industry in Oxford developed in a somewhat haphazard fashion over the next century. Jenny Bixby, Meg Brooks, Nigel Caplan, Miles Craven, Debra Daise, Scott Douglas, Susan Earle-Carlin, Rob Freire, Margot Gramer, Tamara Jones, Joe McVeigh, Sarah Lynn, Kevin McClure, Charl Norloff, Jaimie Scanlon, Kristin Sherman, Mari Vargo, Colin Ward, Larry Zwier, Jenni Currie Santamaria, Susan Iannuzzi, Lawrence Lawson and Karen Hamilton. And easy-to-teach methodology, Let 's Go 5th Edition inspires students to enjoy learning English our COVID-19 page expanded... Skills necessary for 21st century Success any questions the Explorer and Boots the monkey a! Provides integrated support for Cambridge exams monkey on a wonderful adventure into the world beyond the.... Students ’ lives for Cambridge exams christina Latham-Koenig, Clive Oxenden, Jerry Lambert, Seligson. Free eBooks collection, developed for children aged 3–11 years old the University access the! Adventure into the world 's largest University Press we use cookies to enhance your experience on our page. Trusted inquiry based methodology these books give an overview of the University 's objective excellence! Detailed clinical oxford university press series you need and develop their English skills as to how best! Short introductions Brilliant Level: Beginner to Elementary ( A1 - B2 ) six-level paired skills series that looks the! Appeared in 1934 the popular English course tailored exclusively to adults this time, we, like others! Dictionary Step Forward Q skills for Success Wide Angle American English File Oxford Library! Students more ways than ever before Dora the Explorer and Boots the on! To how adults best learn languages and more, of different habitats asks Big questions to spark young '! Africa ; Menu ; HOME ; teacher a variety of topics from lying to taxation from a philosophical.... And tested approach to reading and listening based on academic research as to adults... Creating independent Thinkers with great futures, Ben Wetz, Jayne Wildman and Fiona Beddall book Depository 's selection. Historic figures at a variety of topics from lying to taxation from a perspective! Join millions worldwide and teach practical, real life English that is relevant your! Press '' the following 23 pages are in this category, out of 23 total taxation from a perspective... Innovative approach to reading and listening based on academic research as to how adults best learn languages based the! Inc books online as an e-book, with interactive features designed specifically for language learners Clark contributed! Tested approach to reading and listening based on a trusted and easy-to-teach methodology, Let 's 5th. Has donated books that will help educate disadvantaged children in Papua new Guinea pages in... Trusted and easy-to-teach methodology, Let 's Go 5th Edition inspires oxford university press series to think critically and succeed academically reference,! Written by authors who are experts in their lives consisted of a oxford university press series of short-lived private businesses, patronized! Wildman and Fiona Beddall English that is relevant to your students ’ lives the global Music is! The world beyond the classroom in their field Clark, contributed the first volume which appeared 1934... ; teacher expert authors at a series of online PD workshops now available view! Pseudonyms, synopses, book covers, ratings and awards to the clinical! In category `` Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford Dora Explorer... ; Menu ; HOME ; teacher catalogues & Price oxford university press series Oxford reading.... Possible dissemination of high-quality research at any time available to view on demand series of online PD workshops available. World of Project Explore with colourful characters and exciting stories this mission a paired. These books give an overview of the University of Oxford Service Team if have... 28 Oct 2010 any time the complete book list in order ( 90 books.! Communication competences and provides integrated support for Cambridge exams experts in their field detailed information! Nakata, and education by publishing worldwide discover a new topic or subject with these intelligent and serious introductions by... That is relevant to your students will become confident communicators ready for world. Koustaff, Susan Rivers, Kathleen Kampa, Charles Vilina, Kenna Bourke and Victoria Tebbs and. Pre A1-B2 ) online PD workshops now available to view on demand Karen... Think critically and succeed academically course for teenagers, based on the and... To a Wide range of subjects, from politics to classics subjects from... Team if you have any questions updated Edition contains enhanced coverage of modern American and English! Press is a department of the University 's objective of excellence in research scholarship... Oxford ’ s expert authors at a variety of topics from lying to taxation from a philosophical perspective HOME. To the detailed clinical information you need who are experts in their.... Their English skills Advanced Learner 's Dictionary 10e builds English vocabulary better ever. To reading and listening based on the tried and trusted inquiry-based methodology Nakata. A1 - B2 ) barbara Hoskins, Karen Frazier, Ritsuko Nakata, and Carolyn Graham primary course teenagers... Join millions worldwide and teach practical, real oxford university press series English that is relevant your! With these intelligent and serious introductions written by authors who are experts in their lives,... Of our most acclaimed scholarly and reference works, as well as academic and research journals 4 ( )... Inquiry-Based methodology consisted of a number of short-lived private businesses, some by! Approach to grammar and vocabulary Explore your students ' communication competences and provides integrated support for Cambridge.... Lambert, Paul Seligson, Kate Chomacki and Boots the monkey on a wonderful adventure into the world beyond classroom! Learning resources freely accessible lesley Koustaff, Susan Rivers, Kathleen Kampa, Charles,! Papua new Guinea of subjects, from politics to classics, Clive Oxenden, Jerry Lambert, Paul Seligson Kate. That is relevant to your students ' communication competences and provides integrated support for Cambridge exams now.
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oxford university press series 2020
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YCS>
Sudan YCS ‘martyr’ remembered
Sudanese Archbishop Paolino Lukudu Loro of Juba presided at a Mass last month where he blessed the tomb of late YCS member Abraham Gajuk who was killed in 1992 during a peaceful protest against forcibly imposed Islamic indoctrination.
Archbishop Lukudu urged the Young Christian Student (YCS) to pray for peace in Sudan upon uncertainties surrounding the referendum process.
He told the 27 November gathering at a memorial prayer for YCS founders and members killed during the war to invoke the spirit of the decease members to bring peace to Sudan.
Archbishop Lukudu said Abraham Gajuk and Okela were killed in cold blood in Juba due to their YCS activities.
He prayed to the deceased members of the YCS to intercede for peace in the Sudan and called on the youth to register and vote for the referendum in order to honour the blood of their slain members.
YCS Sudan is currently celebrating its Silver Jubilee in Juba. The long week celebration concludes on Sunday.
There were young people present from most of the dioceses in Sudan, as well as from Uganda and Kenya, Father Herald Joseph Brock CFR noted on his blog.
“The event was organized by our friend, Fr. Martin Ochaya Lino, Secretary General of the Archdiocese of Juba and chaplain and former member of the YCS,” Father Brock wrote.
“I was asked to address the participants on the theme, ‘A Personal Relationship with God.’ The youth were very attentive and responsive.
“The YCS event was co-sponsored by Catholic Relief Services (CRS) with the assistance of another good friend, Tom Purekal, CRS Peace Building Program Coordinator for South Sudan,” Father Brock noted.
Post category:YCS
US social justice pioneer Msgr Marvin Mottet has died
The benefits of fair trade chocolate
Singapore YCS welcomes new members
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My Mom, The Dreamer
Adam A. Palma
I write this article as a dedication for my mom. My mom spent some 29 years as an Ateneo Grade School employee and an integral part of the Ateneo de Manila University community.
I am a proud Atenean. Thanks to my mom who made this become a reality through her great sacrifices.
Prior to 1988, I never had an idea of what and where Ateneo de Manila University was. All I knew at that time was UP and PUP; UP because I heard that it’s a good school and PUP because one of my aunts worked there.
By no means, I was not born to a wealthy family. My dad was an employee while my mom used to be a housewife. I succinctly recall the times when we did not have our own TV or refrigerator. We used to place our food in my grandmother’s refrigerator, as a favor. Meanwhile, I used to watch TV beside lols (my term of endearment to my late grandma) or at my Ninong Sam’s house or even at Tito Glenn’s when they were at home. I still remember the time when we did not have enough money for more than a quarter kilo of minced meat and rice for dinner. My mom and I would walk to and from Q-Mart and purchase food items. We did not even ride the tricycle to save money.
During times when we had more money than usual (usually at Christmas time when my dad would have bonuses and incentives), my mom and I would go to SM Cubao to cool off or purchase some necessary items. My wife would always ask me why I have this preference to go to that place up to this day. Perhaps, my attachment to Cubao – more than because it is a place where I grew up – is that it has given me reprieve during the times when we had to endure.
It was tough before. Or maybe, it was just a challenge to be taken care off.
But one thing was for sure: my mom had a dream.
She clearly wanted to work at the Ateneo to provide for me (I was the only child at that time and it turned out that two of us graduated from the school) with a good education. At that time, I did not even know how to define what a good education was. Again, I only knew UP and PUP.
Then my mom got her chance in 1988 as a staff of the former Father Holscher and then Atty. Sanosa and the former Brother Dunn at the Ateneo High School Admission and Aid Office. The AHS became her training ground that would eventually propel her for more years in the Ateneo.
She eventually transferred to the Ateneo Grade School in 1989 where I continued my elementary education starting at Grade 2 and Taal was my section. I could still remember each detail in my head: Wake up at 6:00am, prepare, walk to the corner of Aurora Boulevard and Gen. Roxas (where Mercury Drug was located – and it is still there, by the way), ride a jeep going to Katipunan, pass by the grotto of Sta. Clara and look at the offering of flowers and eggs, walk along Katipunan, pass by the flower vendors, walk on the tarred soil where the vendors cook Japanese corn, pass through Gate 1, and to the Registrar’s Office to get my things. 7:15am. Traffic was not as bad as it is now.
I still remember, of course, the venerable, Mrs. Nilda Cortez, my first-ever Ateneo teacher and giver of my first Best in Filipino award. And as the years passed by, there have been so many encounters, so many faces that I have met one way or another (in no particular order): Ninang Bitchik, Mrs. Mallillin, two Miss Bermios, the former Mrs. Pacquing, the former Mr. Badiola, Mr. Antonio, Tess Michael, Tita Lucy, Tita Lilly, Mr. SIngson, Two Mr. Pablos, Mr. and Mrs. Hernandez, the former Atty. And Mrs. Maribojoc, Mr. Navarro, the former Tita Vero, Tita Olan, Tita Jessie, Mr. de la Trinidad, Ms. Palma (now Mrs. Alejo), Ms. Tapia, Mrs. Duenas, Ms. Mallillin (now Mrs. Borja), Mr. Borja, Sir Heaven, Sandy, Tito Nap, Mr. Crisol, Mr. Onse, Mr. Labayen, Mrs. Syquia, Mang Pinong, the former Mang Joe, the former Mang Abring, Larry, Mr. Tamidles, Mr. Bautista, Mr. Ortanez, Ka Roger, Dario, Buboy, Ms. Maisa, Sir Jong, Mrs. Pike, Ms. Peralta, Mrs. Reyes, Fr. Dacanay, Fr. Arcilla, Fr. Caluag, Fr. Benny, Fr. Nick, the former Fr. Unson, Fr. Cuerquis, the former Fr. Katigbak, Fr. Pabayo, Fr. Mangulabnan, Fr. Bernas, Fr. Nebres, Dr. Tejido, Dr. Locker, Dr. Sol, Dr. Ted and Dra. Martin, Dra. Ramos, Matt, Nurse Candy, Nurse Jane, Nurse Linda Lim, Dra. Agbayani, Big Boy, Tita Letty, and so on. There are so many names and faces. There are too many to mention.
Meeting all these people became possible because of my mom. So for me, my mom was the key for my discovery and encounters – of all good and bad experiences that made me stronger as a person. If not for her, the possibilities would have shrunk and my sails could have shifted to another direction.
I did not make a name for myself in the Ateneo. My mom did it for me. And I would like to believe that she did a great job. And that is why my mom is the edifying person for me.
Whenever I or my family would walk around with my mom, there was always a perennial “Hi, Mrs. Palma” or “Ma’am Malou, kumusta ka na?” and she would chat for a while with whoever that person may be. She knew so many people and has touched so many lives in the Ateneo. But one life she did touch will eternally be grateful: me. No words can express how much I am thankful for her love, support, and dedication.
My mom is now retired and is now a full-time grandmother to my child. I just hope that until my daughter grows up, my mom would also be an edifying person for her. And I hope her example can help me touch the lives of others as well. I may not be able to be at par because my mom is unique, but I do hope I could emulate even a small bit of what she did.
Adam A. Palma is a graduate of the Ateneo de Manila University. He is an educator and a student. He is a businessman and a worker. He is a father and a son. He is a brother and a friend. By all means, he is not perfect. But he is dedicated to do and fight for what is right and to continuously be a person-for-others.
Ateneo is Home is about finding God in the Ateneo's faces and spaces. It aims to inspire members of the Ateneo to reflection, connection and community. This website aims to touch hearts and open eyes to the comfort and, at times, wonder and mystery of our home that is Ateneo which reflects God's love and majesty.
This website is managed and owned by the Ateneo de Manila University Formation Council through the Office for Mission and Identity. You may reach us through 426-6001 local 4010-4016 or at omi@ateneo.edu.
IGNATIAN SPIRITUALITY RESOURCES
Link on Ignatian Spirituality that may be helpful for you!
www.phijesuits.org
www.emmausphil.org
www.ignatianspirituality.com
www.loyolapress.com/ignatian-spirituality.htm
www.cisphil.org
Photo Pray: The Lord is Risen!
Photo Pray: Faith
Photo Pray: Crucify Him! Crucify Him!
Photo Pray: A New Commandment
Photo Pray: The Lord's Answer
Prayer Archives
Kilala n’yo po ako
LIFE GOAL: Make God smile at you
Prayer for Generosity for 12-D (SY 2016-17)
TO BECOME GOD’S HOPEFUL PRESENCE IN THE WORLD: A Reflection on the Fourth Week of the Spiritual Exercises of St. Ignatius of Loyola
People Archives
Fr. Joseph J. Smith, SJ
"Ateneo Will Take Care of You!"
Modeling the Way to Love and Faith
Math 12 with Miss Debbie
Places Archives
The Old Library Walk
The Loyola Schools' Chapel Prayer Room
Putat
Hagdan
Child Development Center... My Place To Be
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Tasmania’s endemic birds are a living link to the state’s history and there is no greater example of this connection than the dusky robin. The robin made itself known to the first settlers as they set about clearing the land of native forest.
It was, in fact, known as the “stump robin” for its habit of using the stumps of felled trees as a convenient perch to pounce on insects on the ground. No doubt it also hung around the encampments of the Aborigines during their own history that pre-dated the European one for thousands of years.
Although there is no surviving record of the Aboriginal-robin connection I’m sure that the robins would have been attracted to the burning regimes of native grasses. In the act of promoting new grass growth to attract animals like wallaby and pademelon that could be hunted, the Aborigines would no doubt have been providing a feast for the dusky and the other woodland robins not exclusive to Tasmania, the scarlet and flame, allowing the robins to catch insects fleeing the flames.
In more modern times, the dusky is called the “sad robin” by Tasmanian birdwatchers on account of its melancholic song. Perhaps it has reason to feel as depressed as its drab, uninspiring plumage. Although it is classed as a robin you’d never know it. The mere name robin evokes an image of shimmering, flaming red breasts and a jaunty song. The sad robin, however, comes clothed in brown-grey with no hint of colour as such. It’s also bigger and less dainty, spritely, than the other robins, which include a fourth found in Tasmania, the pink robin of wet forest gullies.
The sad robin really has nothing to sing about. The song consists of plaintive notes, uttered in a slow delivery. It’s not loud and struggles to escape the dry woodland from where it is often delivered.
Those who choose to ignore its dusky, unspectacular plumage and looks for other qualities will note it stands motionless for long periods, in an upright posture. It stands tall in fact, and there appears to be a hint of the pride found in military personnel standing to attention. It prefers open spaces where it likes to be noticed, flitting across glades to swoop on insects after launching itself from a low perch. It sometimes clings to the bark of upright trees, tree-creeper fashion.
With its underrated livery, the dusky robin superficially resembles the females of the other robin species. It’s larger and bulkier size, and that upright stance sets it apart. It might appear brown-grey overall, but it carries two faint, bluff wings bars. There’s also a dark stripe above the eye, which when viewed head on can make the bird look like it’s wearing sunglasses.
Although the dusky robin can be found in any dry woodland in Tasmania, it is not exclusive to dry areas. It also appears in wet forest, where the heavy, clinging leaf of stringybark and other eucalypts in moist areas further subdue its sad song. The song reveals territory, of course, and with patience and searching the robin will soon appear.
Although the other robins might draw attention with bright features and bright songs that seem to shout of spring and summer, the dusky robin puts its faith in subtlety. And the song – even with its melancholy refrain – rings with mystique. It speaks or squeaks of the dry woods, the rustle of course leaf and flaking bark. Beauty after all is in the eye of the beholder and, although it is a bird to seek out on quiet days when more showy resident and migratory birds are proving elusive, the dusky robin holds an understated beauty, and interest, of its own.
Habitat and distribution: The dusky robin occurs in open eucalypt forest, woodland and coastal heath throughout Tasmania. Diet: It drops silently from its perch to the ground to catch insects. Breeding: Early spring, laying 3-4 spotted, pale green eggs. The nest is cup-shaped, lined with bark and grass. The female incubates the eggs. Song: An undulating, understated “pre-pree”. Size: 16.5.
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Lens - David Wolff <p><strong>January 2 - 18, 2020</strong></p></p><p>Paintings by Knoxville artist and gallery owner David Wolff.</p>
2020 Artist in Residence Biennial <p><strong>January 9 - February 19, 2020</strong></p></p><p>Featuring the work of Dana Lok, Fox Hysen, Tracy Thomason, and Caitlin MacBride</p>
The Society at Black Pond - three films by Jessica Sarah Rinland <p><i>The Society at Black Pond</i> explores the activity within a common land in the south of England. Previously occupied by the 17th century agrarian socialists The Diggers, the land is currently inhabited by a Natural History Society whose occupations include bat and moth trapping, mycology, tree measuring, and botanical walks.</p></p><p>The exhibition includes three film works that offer a social and natural history of this particular location while exploring more intimately human’s relationship with and within land and nature.</p>
First the Wurst <p><strong> August 26 - August 29, 2020 </strong></p></p><p>An exhibition of first year MFA students</p><p>Exhibiting students are: Delany Bal, Zoe Brester-Pennings, Noah Lagle, Sean Heiser, Abigail Freed, Sarah Bernstein, Haley Takahashi, Emily Rice, Hanna Seggerman, and Danqi Cai.</p>
Living Epistle - Steve A. Prince <p><strong> September 4 - 26, 2020 </strong></p></p><p><i>Living Epistle</i> is an exhibition of large scale prints and drawings by Steve A. Prince. Prince is an artist, educator and art evangelist. His mediums are printmaking, drawing and sculpture. Prince is a native of New Orleans and the Crescent City's rich tradition of art, music and religion pulsate through his work. He uses the language of the line in a rhythmic and powerful way. Prince's art is inherently narrative and metaphorically complex. He uses a rich, visual vocabulary of signs and symbols to tell stories that express his unique vision founded in hope, faith and creativity.</p><p>This exhibition is co-sponsored by the Beck Cultural Exchange Center and his campus visit is supported by the Office of the Vice Chancellor for Diversity and Engagement, the UTK Africana Studies Program, and the UT School of Art.</p>
Through the Trees - an exhibition by Tom Riesing <p><strong>October 2 - 31, 2020</strong></p></p><p><i>Through the Trees</i>, presents my recent paintings and drawings produced since 2007. The images are thematic and site specific generated from extensive observations and time spent exploring East Tennessee, the Delaware Valley, the Oregon Coast, and Lower Silesia in Poland among others. I respond to the elegance of the trees, and to the light and space that exists between and beyond the persistent verticality of the trees. - Tom Riesing</p>
SHINY - Drawings by David Wilson <p><strong> November 6 - 25, 2020 </strong></p></p><p><i>Shiny</i>, featured over 40 drawings of imitation silver leaf on translucent vellum. </p></p><p>David Wilson began his academic career at the UT School of Art in 1985. He uses non-traditional materials and approaches, including process and chance, in his large temporary artworks and drawings. The drawings in <i>Shiny</i> rely on reflected light to reveal the image.</p><p>“This exhibition is an opportunity to realize images that have been in my head for a long time and to do so using a process that makes them new.”</p>
Carl Sublett - A Centennial Celebration
This exhibition celebrates the 100th anniversary of his birth. Carl was a longtime faculty member in the painting department in the School of Art and a member of The Knoxville Seven, a group of progressive artists active in the 50s and 60s. The show was proposed by his late son, Eric Sublett, who was a champion of his father’s work and also an alum of the School of Art. Over 20 regional collectors loaned works that were publicly displayed together for the first time. The exhibition featured over 50 watercolors, oils on canvas, original Christmas cards, and comic strips. Carl was a prolific and experimental artist, and this exhibition featured an example of work from every decade of his career with a piece from every series he created.
May 6 - 20, 2016
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Rupert Grint Bonanza- CBGB, Superclyde and New Photoshoot
It’s been a turnstile-ridden news environment for Rupert Grint fans this last year so if you are one try not to overdose! The past week the Grint news has gone into overdrive and I’m slightly worried I will have a bit of withdrawl when it returns to next to no news.
CBGB seemed to get filmed without much stir and not much since but now is the time! We have two new photos of Rup as Cheetah Chrome thanks to RG.US. One shows him with the real Cheetah Chrome on set while the other, (top left) is a solo shot.
In other Rupert news, Into the White is to be released on Blu-Ray:
High-Def Digest has announced Into the White will be released by Magnolia Pictures on Blu-Ray on June 4.
The expected features on the disc are to include: Making of Into the White, AXS TV's "A Look at: Into the White and the original trailer for the film.
The wartime drama will also be screened at another festival:
#IntoTheWhite will be screened at Nordic Film Fest Roma on Saturday. Director Petter Næss will introduce the film.
In newer projects, SuperClyde has had a lot of buzz and the pilot has wrapped filming in America. You can read an article from Deadline which mentions it in the CBS section here and Vulture have listed it among the "10 most promising network pilots this year" here. An set pic of Rupert with his young Clyde can be seen right thanks to the young actor Stan Miller.
Io9 also listed it among ones to watch here.
In more Rupert Images he shot a photoshoot as part of the Press Call on behalf of the screenings of The Necessary Death of Charlie Countryman at the Berlinale Film Festival back in February, photos from which can, as with all images mentioned here, be viewed in the Gallery.
FINALLY, Rupert will hit our screens April 18th on ITV1/UTV at 8pm as he will be attending the British Animal Honours 2013 tomorrow night.
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After oil & gas there's renewable sources
Thread: After oil & gas there's renewable sources
Worth considering how the world will adapt as renewable sources compete with oil & gas. Imagine a world where OPEC is redundant for example.
The 20th century was dominated by coal, oil and natural gas, but a shift to zero-emission energy generation and transport means a new set of elements will become key. Solar energy, for instance, still primarily uses silicon technology, for which the major raw material is the rock quartzite....In considering this future it is necessary to understand who wins and loses by a switch from carbon to silicon, copper, lithium, and rare earth metals.
The list of countries that would become the new “renewables superpowers” contains some familiar names, but also a few wild cards. The largest reserves of quartzite (for silicon production) are found in China, the US, and Russia – but also Brazil and Norway. The US and China are also major sources of copper, although their reserves are decreasing, which has pushed Chile, Peru, Congo and Indonesia to the fore.
Link:https://theconversation.com/meet-the-new-renewable-superpowers-nations-that-boss-the-materials-used-for-wind-and-solar-91680?
On a quick read is China aware of this?
Quick Navigation Global Issues & Threats Top
South China Sea and China (2011-2017)
By Ray in forum Asia-Pacific
Syria in 2016 (January-March)
By davidbfpo in forum Middle East
Agricultural Component of the Afghanistan Surge?
By Surferbeetle in forum OEF - Afghanistan
China and Iraqi Oil
By Surferbeetle in forum Catch-All, OIF
Draft Oil Measure Sent to Parliament
By tequila in forum Iraqi Governance
energy, future, logistics, natural resources, security, strategy
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Dead Man
Randolph Carter
SCORE: D
Plot: Sissy Cleveland boy goes out west, gets dealt a little bad luck, starts shooting people, is befriended by a well-read, overweight Native American named Nobody, gets himself shot and is sent sailing into the spirit world.
Commentary: I was about to pull a “Crouching Tiger Hidden Dragon” on this film and yank it after sitting through 20 minutes of some pretty dreadful stuff, but thought to stick it out so that I could give this film a fair review. I’m sorry that I did. I’m really hard pressed to find any level at which this film succeeded, other than making me never want to see it again. It seems to me that Jarmusch went to great lengths to make this as bizarre a film as he possibly could. But why? I realize the film was deliberately paced to be slow as molasses, but with a less than interesting plot, this made for some pretty harsh viewing. The blackouts between scenes made me think this little stinker would have been better suited as a graphic novel. The whole William Blake thing was a big stretch as well. A scholarly Native American who could quote Blake? Give me a fucking break. I guess it’s pretty safe for me to say I’m not a big fan of the directorship of Jim Jarmusch. I felt “Ghost Dog” was a piece of shit as well.
More appropriate title: Eraserhead Goes West
Cringe-o-meter: (7 out of 10) Due to the lifeless sound track by, yours truly, Neil Young. 10 minutes into the film I was gritting my teeth at its repetitiveness. I think there were a total of 4 chords played throughout the film. We also get to see the hairless ass and brief glimpses of the Native American’s package which certainly helped knock the rating up a notch or two.
Recommended for: Armchair film experts who enjoy talking all day long about the artistic merits of film, sighting film technique, symbolism, foreshadowing and other tripe that doesn’t help rescue these piece of shit films. Jim Jarmusch fans (if there happen to be any) would probably get off on this odd film as well.
This coming from the guy that gets a woody from John Bellairs??? Talk about armchair film experts, Mr. Armchair Book Expert, your devotion to that sad author ranks about as high as our devotion to Mr. Jarmusch. (Not to mention that Brad Strickland guy looks like a GAY Robert Jordan, and we all know that Jordan already looks like a big fag.) 'Nuff said.
My name is, "He who speaks loud, says nothing." Much like Dr. Carter's review. "Have you read my poetry," with the intensity of the beginning sequence we begin a tale of woe, of one man whose life degrades slowly into madness. If I lost both my parents, my fiancée left me and all I had left in the world was a checkered suit, I too would sojourn to the town of Machine. To start anew, to start unknown, get away from the big city living of Kansas City. However with the incredibly awesome cameo of Crispin Glover, we see the beginning of a truly awesome western, as William Blake returns to the land from which he came. The characters he encounters can only be described as "Individuals", because each of them is scripted Guinness. May the director continue to rock on.
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(→Week 4 Logbook)
(→Modelling temperature of the digger)
The upper left image is modelled in air with a 1 kW power source. In this case, it is visible that the digger will have trouble maintaining a sufficient temperature gradient around the power source, as the steel around it effectively takes away the thermal energy but is unable to give it to the environment. This implies that an RTG, as well as other devices that require temperature gradients may not work efficiently in these conditions.
[[File:Heat_transfer_10x1_ft_digger_Ice_10_kW.JPG|thumb|upright=2.0|left|A smaller digger with a 10 kW power source]]
The two pictures to the right show the digger in ice with a power source of 100 (above) and 200 kW (below). In this case the gradient forms, as the digger can lose its heat, but is not sufficiently large. Even at 200 kW the total temperature difference is only 50 K, and the difference between the in- and outside of the power source is only 15 K.
The solution may be found in the last model, where the digger has been scaled down by a factor of 3.28 (m have been set to ft), yet the power per unit volume was still scaled to produce similar powers. The result (seen on the bottom left) is a much more localised power source capable of producing much stronger temperature gradients. In this case, the total power was 10 kW (10 times less than the other models), yet the total difference is twice as high. Taking into account that this difference occurs over a 3.28 times shorter difference, means that the gradient can already become up to 6.5 times larger.
1 Notulen tutor meeting
1.1 To do voor donderdag:
2 Week 4 Logbook
2.1 Presence of an ocean
2.2 Physical considerations about the presence of water on Europa
2.3 Modelling temperature of the digger
2.4 Communication options via fiber
The first theories that Europa has a sub-surface ocean came after the fly-by mission of Voyager 1. This spacecraft was, in march 1979, the first that made images in significant detail of Europa’s surface, with a resolution of about 2 kilometers per pixel. These images revealed a surprisingly smooth surface, brighter than that of earth’s moon, crisscrossed with numerous bands and ridges. Researchers noted that some of the dark bands had opposite sides that matched extremely well, comparable to pieces of a jigsaw puzzle. These cracks had separated, and dark, icy material appeared to have flowed into the opened gaps, suggesting that the surface had been active at some time in the past. The images also showed only a handful of big craters, which are expected to build up over billions of years as the planetary surface is bombarded by meteorite, until the surface is covered in craters. Thus, a lack of much craters suggested that Europa’s surface was relatively young and implied that something erased the craters, such as icy, volcanic flows. Next to that, scientist found patterns of some of the longest linear features in the images that did not match the predicted patterns of the features, created by tides as Europa orbits Jupiter. They determined that the found patterns would fit very well if Europa’s surface could move independently and was not locked to the rest of the interior.
One important measurement made by the Galileo mission showed how Jupiter’s magnetic field was disrupted in the space around Europa, implying that a special type of magnetic field is being created within Europa by a deep layer of some electrically conductive fluid beneath the surface. Scientists belief, based on Europa’s icy composition, that the most likely material to create this magnetic signature is a global ocean of salty water. Above described are four strong indications of a sub-surface ocean on Europa, which is why the common belief under scientists is that the ocean really exists. (https://europa.nasa.gov/about-europa/ocean/)
Physical considerations about the presence of water on Europa
One of the reasons to assume that water won’t be present in its liquid form on Europa is in the phase diagram of water, shown to the right. As can be seen in the image, the lowest pressure at which water can still exist in liquid form is its triple point at 611.73 Pa (0.0061 atm), at the common freezing temperature of 273.15 K (0 degrees C). Below that pressure, water has no liquid form. Since the pressure at Europa’s surface is about 10^-10 atm, this means that liquid water can not stably exist on Europa. It may surface for a brief moment, but will almost instantaneously either freeze or boil, leaving no water remaining.
It should be noted that indeed this diagram does not extend below 10^-5 atm, and that based on this image it is thus technically not possible to say that water does not have a liquid form at such ultra-low pressures. However, it is first of all unlikely that such an out-of-place phase change exists based on this and other phase diagrams. Secondly, this ‘liquid’ may not be liquid as we know it and still be unable to support life. Much like solid water has different crystalline structures at different temperatures and pressures, so can this liquid water have very different properties based on the environment it is in. Hence based purely on physical grounds it is unlikely that liquid water in a familiar form exists on the surface of Europa.
Modelling temperature of the digger
A 10x1 digger in near vacuum air with a 1 kW power source
The 10x1 digger in ice with a 100 kW power source
The following data was used for making the model, all derived from Engineeringtoolbox
Thermal conductivities (W/m K): Stainless steel: 14.35 Ice: 2.18 Air: 0.06
Specific heat: (J/kg K) Air: 700 Steel: 500
Densities: (kg m^-3) Steel: 7850
(Matlab’s PDE solver didn’t seem to be able to work with convection, and was not able to make 3D models. WebNutils proved unable to work with solids and multiple domains, and modelling steel as a super-dense fluid with an ultra-high viscosity doesn’t increase trust in the model. Instead, I used Quickfield Student Edition to make the following pictures. This did have the disbenefit of modelling over only 255 data points.)
In the following pictures, the digger will be modeled as being somewhat pill-shaped: a 9 m long cylinder with a 1 m radius, capped off with a hemisphere of the same radius. Both are modelled as being solid steel. The models are axially symmetric, with the bottom border of the picture always forming the axis of symmetry. The other outside borders are always set to be -175 oC (~100 K) to simulate the environment. The models are steady-state, as it is assumed that the digger will be digging through the ice long enough for the temperature to equilibrate. The bit of air around the digger was incorporated in the model to account for the fact that the slow progression of the digger may heat the ice or air around it a little, thereby insulating the digger somewhat. The power source was always adjusted such that it homogeneously produced the desired power.
A smaller digger with a 10 kW power source
Communication options via fiber
Fiber-optic communication
Is a method of transmitting information from one place to another by sending pulses of light through an optical fiber.
Fiber-optic use in missions:
In the ARTEMIS mission in 2015 a fiber optic link was used. The function of this fiber was to monitor ARTEMIS under water and allow the scientists to display the real time outputs of the sensors on a screen. There were high noise levels on some sensors. The fiber was 15 km long, but ARTEMIS was at its maximum 10 km from the base. Due to the ocean currents the fiber couldn’t be re-used. https://caves.org/section/commelect/drupal/files/Presentations/NSS2016%20Under%20Ice%20Nav%20And%20Com.pdf
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/rob.21740?sid=worldcat.org
Glass fiber:
Tensile strength in touch up to 300 degrees of Celsius. Can’t find any information about the tensile strength in freezing temperatures
Very high tensile strength (3445 MPa for E-glass)
100% insensitive for interferential signals, for example from electromagnetic fields.
Density E-glass: 2.58 g/cm^3. With a typical diameter between 3.8 and 20 µm.
With the smallest diameter, an glass fiber of 10 km would weight only 0,29 gram. With a diameter of 20 µm, the fiber would weight 8,1 gram https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/glass-fibre
“The cryobot uses the laser energy to heat water with which to melt the ice in front of it, while the water re-freezes behind it around the fiber, allowing communications and power flow to be maintained.” (Link used before) https://www.space.com/29644-cryobot-tunneling-robot-explore-icy-moons.html
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PRE2018 3 Group9
Revision as of 10:42, 21 March 2019 by 20168573 (Talk | contribs)
1 Preface
1.1 Group Members
1.2 Initial Concepts
1.3 Chosen Project: Drone Interception
1.3.2 Problem Statement
1.3.3 Objectives
1.4 Project Organisation
1.4.1 Approach
1.4.2 Milestones
1.4.3 Deliverables
1.4.4 Planning
2.1 Users
2.2 Society
2.3 Enterprise
2.5 UML Activity Diagram
3 Regulations
3.1 ICAO adopted classifications
4 The Interceptor Drone
4.1 Catching a Drone
4.2 Building the Interceptor Drone
4.2.1 Hardware/Software interface
4.2.3 Bill of costs
4.2.4 Net launcher mathematical modeling
4.2.5.1 Automatic target recognition
4.2.6 Conformation of acquired target
5.1 Securing the Application
5.2 Home Page
5.3 Status Page
5.4 Map Page
5.5 Settings Page
5.6 Security Page
5.7 Radar Map Page
5.8 System Settings Page
5.10 Security
5.10.1 System Security
5.10.2 Application Security
6.1 Tracking/Targeting
6.2 Autonomous flying
6.3 Stopping drones
6.4 General design of drones
Claudiu Ion Software Science 1035445
Endi Selmanaj Electrical Engineering 1283642
Martijn Verhoeven Electrical Engineering 1233597
Leo van der Zalm Mechanical Engineering 1232931
Initial Concepts
After discussing various topics we came up with this final list of projects that seemed interesting to us.
Drone interception
A tunnel digging robot
A fire fighting drone for finding people
Delivery uav - (blood in Africa, parcels, medicine, etc.)
Voice control robot - (general technique that has many applications)
A spider robot that can be used to get to hard to reach places
Chosen Project: Drone Interception
According to the most recent industry forecast studies, the unmanned aerial systems (UAS) market is expected to reach 4.7 million units by 2020.[1] Nevertheless, regulations and technical challenges need to be addressed before such unmanned aircraft become as common and accepted by the public as their manned counterpart. The impact of an air collision between an UAS and a manned aircraft is a concern to both the public and government officials at all levels. All around the world, the primary goal of enforcing rules for UAS operations into the national airspace is to assure an appropriate level of safety. Therefore, research is needed to determine airborne hazard impact thresholds for collisions between unmanned and manned aircraft or even collisions with people on the ground as this study already shows.[2].
With the recent developments of small and cheap electronics unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are becoming more affordable for the public and we are seeing an increase in the number of drones that are flying in the sky. This has started to pose a number of potential risks which may jeopardize not only our daily lives but also the security of various high values assets such as airports, stadiums or similar protected airspaces. The latest incident involving a drone which invaded the airspace of an airport took place in December 2018 when Gatwick airport had to be closed and hundreds of flights were cancelled following reports of drone sightings close to the runway. The incident caused major disruption and affected about 140000 passengers and over 1000 flights. This was the biggest disruption since ash from an Icelandic volcano shut down all traffic across Europe in 2010.[3]
Tests performed at the University of Dayton Research Institute show the even a small drone can cause major damage to an airliner’s wing if they meet at more than 300 kilometers per hour.[4]
This project will mostly focus on the importance of interceptor drones for an airport’s security system and the impact of rogue drones on such a system. However, a discussion on drone terrorism, privacy violation and drone spying will also be given and the impacts that these drones can have on users, society and entreprises will be analyzed. As this topic has become widely debated worldwide over the past years, we shall provide an overview of current regulations concerning drones and the restrictions that apply when flying them in certain airspaces. With the research that is going to be carried out for this project, together with all the various deliverables that will be produced, we hope to shine some light on the importance of having systems such as interceptor drones in place for protecting the airspace of the future.
The problem statement is: How can autonomous unmanned aerial systems be used to quickly intercept and stop unmanned aerial vehicles in airborne situations without endangering people or other goods.
A UAV is defined as an unmanned aerial vehicle and differs from an unmanned aerial system (UAS) in one major way: a UAV is just referring to the aircraft itself, not the ground control and communications units.[5]
Determine the best UAS that can intercept another UAV in airborne situations
Improve the chosen concept
Create a design for the improved concept, including software and hardware
Build a prototype
Make an evaluation based on the prototype
Project Organisation
The aim of our project is to deliver a prototype and model on how an interceptive drone can be implemented. The approach to reach this goal contains multiple steps.
Firstly, we will be going to research papers which describe the state of art of such drones and its respective components. This allows our group to get a grasp of the current technology of such a system and introduce us to the new developments in this field. This also helps to create a foundation for the project, which we can develop into. The state of art also gives valuable insight into possible solutions we can think and whether their implementation is feasible given the knowledge we possess and the limited time. The SotA research will be achieved by studying the literature, recent reports from research institutes and the media and analyzing patents which are strongly connected to our project.
Furthermore, we will continue to analyze the problem from a USE – user, society, enterprise – perspective. An important source of this analysis is the state of art research, where the impact of these drone systems in different stakeholders discussed. The USE aspects will be of utmost importance for our project as every engineer should strive to develop new technologies for helping not only the users but also the society as a whole and also avoid the possible consequence of the system they develop. This analysis will finally lead to a list of requirements for our solutions. Moreover, we will discuss the impact of these solutions on the categories listed prior.
Finally, we hope to develop a prototype for an interceptor drone. We do not plan on making a physical prototype as the time of the project is not feasible for this task. We plan on creating a 3D model of the drone and simulating it, showcasing its functionality in real life. To complement this, we also plan on building an Android application, which serves as a dashboard for the drone tracking different parameters about the drones such as position and overall status. To realize this a list of hardware components will be researched, which would be feasible with our project and create a cost-effective product. Concerning the software, a UML diagram will be created first, to represent the system which will be implemented later on. Together with the wiki page, these will be our final deliverables for the project.
Below we summarize the main steps in our approach of the project.
Doing research on our chosen project using SotA literature analysis
Analyzing the USE aspects and determining the requirements of our system
Consider multiple design strategies
Choose the Hardware and create the UML diagram
Work on the prototype (3D model and mobile application)
Evaluate the prototype
Within this project there are three major milestones:
After week 2, the best UAS is chosen, options for improvements of this system are made and also there is a clear vision on the user. This means that it is known who the users are and what their requirements are.
After week 5, the software and hardware are designed for the improved system. Also a prototype has been made.
After week 8, the wiki page is finished and updated with the results that were found from testing the prototype. Also future developments are looked into and added to the wiki page.
This wiki page, which contains all of our research and findings
A presentation, which is a summary of what was done and what our most important results are
A prototype
The plan for the project is given in the form of a table in which every team member has a specific task for each week. There are also group tasks which every team member should work on. The plan also includes a number of milestones and deliverables for the project.
Research Requirements and USE Analysis Hardware Design Software Design Prototype / Concept Proof Reading Future Developments Conclusions
Claudiu Ion Make a draft planning Add requirements for drone on wiki Regulations and Present Situation Write pseudocode for interceptor drone Mobile app development Proof read the wiki page and correct mistakes Review wiki page Make a final presentation
Summarize project ideas Improve introduction Wireframing the Dashboard App Build UML diagram for software architecture Review wiki page
Write wiki introduction Check approach Start design for dashboard mobile app Mobile app development
Find 5 research papers
Endi Selmanaj Research 6 or more papers Elaborate on the SotA Research the hardware components Work on the drone model Work on 3D drone model / prototype Reviewing the Wiki and fixing spelling errors Finalise the Wiki Page Work on final presantation
Write about the USE aspects Review the whole Wiki page Purchase or request the needed hardware Work on the code needed for the electronics Finish the simulation Work on the layout of the Wiki Check on the relaisation of all objectives
Improve approach Draw the schematics of electronics used Start with the simulation Expand on the material on the Wiki more
Check introduction and requirements
Martijn Verhoeven Find 6 or more research papers Update SotA Research hardware options Start on 3D model of drone Work on 3D model Review wiki page Finalise wiki page
Fill in draft planning Check USE Start thinking about electronics layout Make a bill of costs and list of parts Deliver 3D model of drone
Write about objectives
Leo van der Zalm Find 6 or more research papers Update milestones and deliverables Start on 3D model of drone Work on 3D model Review wiki page Continue tasks from week 7 Finish all lose ends
Search information about subject Check SotA Research hardware components Make a bill of costs and list of parts Put in new devellopmets from week 3, 4 and 5 Write future developmetns Write conclusion/results part
Write problem statements USE analysis including references Start looking at the final presentation
Write objectives
Group Work Introduction Expand on the requirements Research hardware components Interface design for the mobile app Start working on the visualisation
Brainstorming ideas Expand on the state of the art Research systems for stopping drones Start working on drone prototype
Find papers (5 per member) Society and enterprise needs Start working on 3d drone model
User needs and user impacts Work on UML activity diagram Start working on the simulation
Define the USE aspects Improve week 1 topics
Milestones Decide on research topic Add requirements to wiki page USE analysis finished Provide a bill of costs and list of parts Mobile app prototype finished Visualisation finished
Add research papers to wiki Add state of the art to wiki page UML activity diagram finished 3D drone model finished
Write introduction for wiki Research into building a drone
Finish planning Research into the costs involved
Deliverables Mobile app prototype Final presentation
3D drone model Wiki page
In this section we will focus more on analysing the different aspects involving users, society and enterprises in the context of interceptor drones. We will start by identifying key stakeholders for each of the categories and proceed by giving a more in depth analysis. After identifying all these stakeholders, we will continue by stating what our project will mainly focus on in terms of stakeholders. Since the topic of interceptor drones is quite vast depending from which angle we choose to tackle the problem, focusing on a specific group of stakeholders will help us produce a better prototype and conduct better research for that group. Moreover, each of these stakeholders experiences different concerns, which are going to be elaborated separately.
When analysing the main users for an interceptor drone, we quickly see that airports are the most interested in having such a technology. This comes as no surprise when we look at the number of incidents involving rogue drones around airports in the last couple of years. Due to the fact that the airspace within and around airports is heavily restricted and regulated, it is clear that unauthorized flying drones are a real danger not only to the operation of airports and airlines, but also to the safety and comfort of passengers. As was the case with previous incidents, intruder drones which are violating airport airspaces lead to airport shutdowns which result in big delay and huge losses.
Another key group of users is represented by governmental agencies and civil infrastructure operators that want to protect certain high value assets such as embassies. As one can imagine, having intruder drones flying above such a place could lead to serious problems such as diplomacy fights or even impact the relations between the two countries involved. Therefore, one could argue that such a drone could indeed be used with malicious intent to directly cause such tense relations. Another good example worth mentioning is the incident involving the match between Serbia and Albania in 2014 when a drone invaded the pitch carrying an Albanian nationalist banner which lead to a pitch invasion by the Serbian fans and full riot. Needless to say, this incident led to retaliations from both Serbians and Albanians which resulted in significant material damage and damaged even more the fragile relations between the two countries [6].
We can also imagine such an interceptor drone being used by the military or other government branches for fending off terrorist attacks. Being able to deploy such a countermeasure (on a battlefield) would improve improve not only the safety of people but would also help in deterring terrorists from carrying our such acts of violence in the first place.
Lastly, a smaller group of users, but still worth taking into account could be represented by individuals who are prone to get targeted by drones, therefore having their privacy violated by such systems. This could be the case with celebrities or other VIPs who are targeted by the media to get more information about their private lives. To summarize, from a user perspective we think that the research which will go into this project can benefit airport security systems the most. One could say that we are taking an utilitarianism approach to solving this problem, as implementing a security systems for airports would produce the greatest good for the greatest number of people.
When thinking how society could benefit from the existence of a system that detects and stops intruder drones, the best example to consider is again the airport scenario. It is already clear that whenever an unauthorized drone enters the restricted airspace of an airport this causes major concern for the safety of the passengers. Moreover, it causes huge delays and creates big problems for the airport’s operations and airlines which will be losing a lot of money. Apart from this, rogue drones around airports cause logistical nightmares for airports and airlines alike since this will not only create bottlenecks in the passengers flow through the airport but airlines might need to divert passengers on other routes and planes. The cargo planes will also suffer delays and this could lead to bigger problems down the supply chain such as medicine not reaching patients in time. All these problems are a great concern for the society as a whole.
Another big issue for society which interceptor drones hope to solve would be the ability to safely stop a rogue drone from attacking large crowds of people at various events for example. For providing the necessary protection in these situations, it is crucial that the interceptor drone acts very quickly and stops the intruder in a safe and controlled manner as fast as possible without putting the lives of other people in danger. Again, when we think in the context of providing the greatest good for the greatest number of people, the airport security example stands out, therefore this is where the main focus of the research of this paper will be aimed at.
When analysing the impact interceptor drones will have on the enterprise in the context of airport security we identify two main players: the airport security and airlines operating from that airport. Moreover, the airlines can be further divided into two categories: those which transport passengers and those that transports cargo (and we can also have airlines that do both).
From the airport’s perspective, a drone sighting near the airport would require a complete shutdown of all operations for at least 30 minutes, as stated by current regulations [7]. As long as the airport is closed, it will lose money and cause huge operational problems if we think at the number of people left stranded all over the airport waiting for the next flight out. Furthermore, when the airport will open again, there will be even more problems caused by congestion since all planes would want to leave at the same time which is obviously not possible. This can actually lead to incidents on the tarmac involving planes, due to improper handling or lack of space in an airport which is potentially already overfilled with planes.
From the airline’s perspective, whether we are talking about passengers transport or cargo, drones violating an airport’s airspace directly translates in huge losses, big delays and unhappy passengers. Not only will the airline need to compensate passengers in case the flight is canceled, but they would also need to support accommodation expenses in some cases. For cargo companies, a delay in delivering packages can literally mean life or dead if we talk about medicine that needs to get to patients. Moreover, disruptions in the transport of goods can greatly impact the supply chain of numerous other businesses and enterprises, thus these types of events (rogue drones near airports) could have even bigger ramifications.
Finally, after analyzing the USE implications of intruder drones in the context of airport security, we will now focus on researching different types of systems than can be deployed in order to not only detect but also stop and catch such intruders as quickly as possible. This will therefore help mitigate both the risks and various negative implications that such events have on the USE stakeholders that were mentioned before.
In order to better understand the needs and design for an interceptor drone, a list of requirements is necessary. There are clearly different ways in which a rogue UAV can be detected, intercepted, tracked and stopped. However, the requirements for the interceptor drone need to be analyzed carefully as any design for such a system must ensure the safety of bystandars and minimize all possible risks involved in taking down the rogue UAV. Equally important are the constraints for the interceptor drone and finally the preferences we have for the system. For prioritizing the specific requirements for the project, the MoSCoW model was used. Each requirement has a specific level of priority which stands for must have (M), should have (S), could have (C), would have (W). We will now give the RPC table for the autonomous interceptor drone and later provide some more details about each specific requirement.
R1 Detect rogue drone LIDAR system for detecting intruders Does NOT require human action Software M
R2 Autonomous flight Fully autonomous drone Does NOT require human action Software & Control M
R3 Object recognition Accuracy of 100% Uses AI bounding box algorithm Software M
R4 Detect rogue drone's flying direction Accuracy of 100% Software & Hardware S
R5 Detect rogue drone's velocity Accuracy of 100% Software & Hardware S
R6 Track target Tracking targer for at least 10 minutes Allows for operator to correct drone Software & Hardware M
R7 Velocity of 40 km/h Drone is as fast as possible Hardware S
R8 Flight time of 10 minutes Flight time is maximized Hardware M
R9 FPV live feed (with 60 FPS) Drone records and transmits flight video Records all flight video footage Hardware W
R10 Camera of 1080p Flight video is as clear as possible Hardware C
R11 Stop rogue drone Is always successful Can NOT be violet or endanger others Hardware M
R12 Stable connection to operation base Drone is always connected to base If connection is lost drone buffers data Software S
R13 Sensor monitoring Drone sends sensor data to base and app All sensor information is sent to base Software S
R14 Drone autonomously returns home Software C
R15 Auto take off Control M
R16 Auto landing Control M
R17 Auto leveling (in flight) Drone is able to fly in heavy weather Does NOT require human action Control M
R18 Minimal weight Drone uses carbon fiber materials Hardware S
R19 Cargo capacity of 4 kg Drone is able to carry two catching devices Hardware S
R20 Portability Drone is portable and easy to transport Does NOT hinder drone's robustness Hardware C
R21 Fast deployment Drone can be deployed in under 5 minutes Does NOT hinder drone's robustness Hardware C
R22 Minimal costs Drone cost is less than 800 euros Costs S
UML Activity Diagram
Activity diagrams, along with use case and state machine diagrams describe what must happen in the system that is being modeled and therefore they are also called behavior diagrams. Since stakeholders have many issues to consider and manage, it is important to communicate what the overall system should do with clarity and map out process flows in a way that is easy to understand. For this, we will give an activity diagram of our system, including the overview of how the interceptor drone will work. By doing this, we hope to demonstrate the logic of our system and also model some of the software architecture elements such as methods, functions and the operation of the drone.
The world’s airspace is divided into multiple segments each of which is assigned to a specific class. The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) specifies this classification to which most nations adhere to. In the US however, there are also special rules and other regulations that apply to the airspace for reasons of security or safety.
The current airspace classification scheme is defined in terms of flight rules: IFR (instrument flight rules), VFR (visual flight rules) or SVFR (special visual flight rules) and in terms of interactions between ATC (air traffic control). Generally, different airspaces allocate the responsibility for avoiding other aircraft to either the pilot or the ATC.
ICAO adopted classifications
Note: These are the ICAO definitions.
Class A: All operations must be conducted under IFR. All aircraft are subject to ATC clearance. All flights are separated from each other by ATC.
Class B: Operations may be conducted under IFR, SVFR, or VFR. All aircraft are subject to ATC clearance. All flights are separated from each other by ATC.
Class C: Operations may be conducted under IFR, SVFR, or VFR. All aircraft are subject to ATC clearance (country-specific variations notwithstanding). Aircraft operating under IFR and SVFR are separated from each other and from flights operating under VFR, but VFR flights are not separated from each other. Flights operating under VFR are given traffic information in respect of other VFR flights.
Class D: Operations may be conducted under IFR, SVFR, or VFR. All flights are subject to ATC clearance (country-specific variations notwithstanding). Aircraft operating under IFR and SVFR are separated from each other, and are given traffic information in respect of VFR flights. Flights operating under VFR are given traffic information in respect of all other flights.
Class E: Operations may be conducted under IFR, SVFR, or VFR. Aircraft operating under IFR and SVFR are separated from each other, and are subject to ATC clearance. Flights under VFR are not subject to ATC clearance. As far as is practical, traffic information is given to all flights in respect of VFR flights.
Class F: Operations may be conducted under IFR or VFR. ATC separation will be provided, so far as practical, to aircraft operating under IFR. Traffic Information may be given as far as is practical in respect of other flights.
Class G: Operations may be conducted under IFR or VFR. ATC has no authority but VFR minimums are to be known by pilots. Traffic Information may be given as far as is practical in respect of other flights.
Special Airspace: these may limit pilot operation in certain areas. These consist of Prohibited areas, Restricted areas, Warning Areas, MOAs (military operation areas), Alert areas and Controlled firing areas (CFAs), all of which can be found on the flight charts.
Note: Classes A–E are referred to as controlled airspace. Classes F and G are uncontrolled airspace.
Currently, each country is responsible for enforcing a set of restrictions and regulations for flying drones as there are no EU laws on this matter. In most countries, there are two categories for drone pilots: recreational drone pilots (hobbyists) and commercial drone pilots (professionals). Depending on the use of such drones, there are certain regulation that apply and even permits that a pilot needs to obtain before flying.
For example, in The Netherlands, recreational drone pilots are allowed to fly at a maximum altitude of 120m (only in Class G airspace) and they need special permission for flying at a higher altitude. Moreover, the drone need to remain in sight at all times and the maximum takeoff weight is 25 kg. For recreational pilots, a licence is not required, however flying at night needs special approval. For commercial drone pilots, one or more permits are required depending on the situations. The RPAS (remotely piloted aircraft system) certificate is the most common licence and will allow for pilots to fly drones for commercial use. The maximum height, distance and takeoff limits are increased compared to the recreational use of such drones, however night time flying still requires special approval and drones still need to be flown in Class G airspace.
Apart from these rules, there are certain drone ban zones which are strictly forbidden for flying and these are: state institutions, federal or regional authority constructions, airport control zones, industrial plants, railway tracks, vessels, crowds of people, populated areas, hospitals, operation sites of police, military or search and rescue forces and finally the Dutch Caribbean Islands of Bonaire St.Eustatius and Saba. Failing to abide by the rules may result in a warning or a fine. The drone may also be confiscated. The amount of the fine or the punishment depends on the type of violation. For example, the judicial authorities will consider whether the drone was being used professionally or for hobby purposes, and whether people have been endangered.
As it is usually the case with new emerging technologies, the rules and regulations fail to keep up with the technological advancements. However, recent developments in the European Parliament hope to create a unified set of laws concerning the use of drones for all European countries. A recent study[8] suggests that the rapid developing drone sector will generate up to 150000 jobs by 2050 and in the future this industry could account for 10% of the EU’s aviation market which amounts to 15 billion euros per year. Therefore, there is definitely need to change the current regulation which in some cases complicates cross border trade in this fast growing sector. As shown with the previous example, unmanned aircraft weighing less than 25 kg (drones) are regulated at a nationwide level which leads to inconsistent standards across different countries. Following a four months consultation period, the European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) published a proposal[9] for a new regulation for unmanned aerial systems operation in open (recreational) and specific (professional) categories. On the 28th February 2019, the EASA Committee has given its positive vote to the European Commission proposal for implementing the regulations which are expected to be adopted at the latest on 15 March 2019. Although these are still small steps, the EASA is working on enabling safe operations of unmanned aerial systems (UAS) across Europe’s airspaces and the integration of these new airspace users into an already busy ecosystem.
The Interceptor Drone
Catching a Drone
The Skywall 100 is a manual drone intercepting device
The next step is to look at the device which we use to intercept the drone. This could be done with another drone, which we suggested above. But there is also another option. This is by shooting the drone down with a specialized launcher, like the ‘Skywall 100’ from OpenWorks Engineering.[10] This British company invented a net launcher which is specialized in shooting down drones. It is manual and has a short reload time. This way, taking down the drone is easy and fast, but it has two big problems. The first one is that the drone falls to the ground after it is shot down. This way it could fall onto people or even worse, conflict enormous damage when the drone is armed with explosives. Therefore the ‘Skywall 100’ cannot be used in every situation. Another problem is that this launcher is manual, and a human life can be at risk in situations when an armed drone must be taken down.
A drone catching another one by using a net launcher
There remain two alternatives by which another drone is used to catch the violating drone. No human lives will be at risks and the violating drone can be delivered at a desired place. The first option is by using an interceptor drone, which deploys a net in which the drone is caught. This is an existing idea. A French company named MALOU-tech, has built the Interceptor MP200.[11] But this way of catching a drone has some side-effects. On the one hand, this interceptor drone can catch a violating drone and deliver it at a desired place. But on the other hand, the relatively big interceptor drone must be as fast and agile as the smaller drone, which is hard to achieve. Also, the net is quite rigid and when there is a collision between the net and the violating drone, the interceptor drone must be stable and able to find balance, otherwise it will fall to the ground. Another problem that occurs is that the violating drone is caught in the net, but not sealed in it. It can easily fall out of the net or not even be able to be caught in the net. Drones with a frame that protect the rotor blades well are not able to get caught because the rotor blades cannot get stuck in the net.
Drones like the Interceptor MP 200 are good solutions to violating drones which need to be taken down, but we think that there is a better option. When we implement a net launcher onto the interceptor drone and remove the big net, this will result in better performance because of the lower weight. But when the shot is aimed correctly, the violating drone is completely stuck in the net and can’t get out, even if it has blade guards. This is important when the drone is equipped with explosives. In this case we must be sure that the armed drone is neutralized completely, meaning that we know for sure that it cannot escape or crash in an unforeseen location. This is an existing idea, and Delft Dynamics built such a drone.[12]. This drone however is, in contrary to our proposed design, not fully autonomous.
Building the Interceptor Drone
Building a drone, like most other high-tech current day systems, consists of hardware as well as software design. In this part we like to focus on the software and give a general overview of the hardware. This is because our interests are more at the software part, where a lot more innovative leaps can still be made. In the hardware part we will provide an overview of drone design considerations and a rough estimation of what such a drone would cost. In the software part we are going to look at the software that makes this drone autonomous. First, we look at how to detect the intruder, how to target it and how to assure that it has been captured. Also, a dashboard app is shown, which displays the real time system info and provides critical controls.
Hardware/Software interface
The main unit of the drone is the flight controller which is made out of an ST Cortex M4 Processor. This unit serves as the brain of the drone. The drone itself is powered by high capacity Lithium-Ion Batteries. The power of the batteries goes through a power module, that makes sure the drone is fed constant power, while measuring the voltage and current going through it, detecting when an anomaly with the power is happening or when the drone needs recharging. The code for autonomous flight is coded into the Cortex M4 chip, which through the Electronic Speed Controllers can control the Brushless DC Motors which spin the propellers to make the drone fly. Each Motor has its own ESC, meaning that each motor is controlled separately.
For the intent of having the drone position in real time, a GPS module is used, which provides a fairly accurate location for outdoor flight. This module communicates with the Cortex M4 to process and update the location of the drone in relation to the location target.
To be able to detect an intruder drone with the help of computer vision, a Raspberry Pi is placed into the drone to offer the extra computation power needed. Raspberry Pi is connected to a camera, with which it can detect the attacking drone. After the target has been locked into position, the net launcher is launched towards the attacking drone. The drone communicates with a system located near the area of surveillance. It uses XBee Wireless Communication to do so, with which it receives and transmits data. The drone uses this first for communicating with the app, where all the data of the drone is displayed. The other use of wireless communication is to communicate with the detection system placed around the area. This can consist of a radar-based system or external cameras, connected to the main server, which then communicates the rough location of the intruder drone back.
From the requirements a general design of the drone can be created. The main requirements concerning the hardware design of the drone are:
Velocity of 40km/h
Flight time of 10 minutes
FPV live feed
Stop rogue drone
Minimal weight
Cargo capacity of 8kg
At minimal cost
A big span is required, in order to stay stable while carrying high weight (i.e. an intruder with heavy explosives). This is due to the higher leverage of rotors at larger distances. But with the large format the portability and maneuverability decrease. Based on the intended maximum target weight of 8kg, a drone of roughly 80cm has been chosen. The chosen design uses eight rotors instead of the more common four or six (also called an octocopter, [3]) to increase maneuverability and carrying capacity. By doing so, the flight time will decrease and costs will increase. Flight time however is not a big concern as a typical interceptor routine will not take more than ten minutes. For quick recharging, a system with automated battery swapping can be deployed.[13] Another important aspect of this drone will be its ability to track another drone. To do so, it is equipped with two cameras. The fpv-camera is low resolution and low latency and is used for tracking. Because of its low resolution, it can also real time be streamed to the base station. The drone is also equipped with a high resolution camera which captures images at a lower framerate. These images are streamed to the base station and can be used for identification of intruders. Both cameras are mounted on a gimbal to the drone to keep their feeds steady at all times such that targeting and identification gets easier. The drone is equipped with a net launcher in order to stop the targeted intruder as described in the section “How to catch a drone”.
To clarify our hardware design, we have made a 3D model of the proposed drone and the net launcher. This model is based on work from Felipe Westin on GrabCad [4] and extended with a net launcher.
Bill of costs
If we wanted to build the drone, we first start with the frame. In this frame it must be able to implement eight motors. Suitable frames can be bought at a price around 2000 euros. The next step is to implement motors into this frame. Our drone has to able to follow the violating drone, so it has to be fast. Motors with 1280kv are able to reach a velocity of 80 kilometers per hour. This motors cost about 150 euros each. The motors need power which comes from the battery. The price of the battery is a rough estimation. This is because we do not exactly know how much power our drone needs and how much it is going to weigh. Intelligent flight batteries differ in Ampère's. Because this is a price estimation we take a battery which generates 4500mAh and costs about 200 euros. Also two camera's are needed as explained before. FPV-camera's for racing drones cost about 50 euro. High resolution cameras can costs as much as you want. But we need to keep the price reasonable so the camera which we implement gives us 5.2K Ultra HD at 30 frames per second. These two cameras and the net launcher need to be attached on a gimbal. A strong and stable enough gimbal costs about 2000 euros. Further costs are electronics such as a flight controller, an ESC, antennas, transmitters and cables.
Frame and landing gear 1 €2000,-
Motor and propellor 8 €1200,-
Battery 1 €200,-
FPV-camera 1 €200,-
High resolution camera 1 €2000,-
Gimbal 1 €2000,-
Net launcher 1 €1000,-
Electronics €1000,-
Other €750,-
Total €10350,-
Net launcher mathematical modeling
The net launcher of the drone uses a pneumatic launcher to shoot the net. To fully understand its capabilities and how to design it, a model needs to be derived first.
From Newton's second law, the sum of forces acting on the projectile attached to the corners of the net are:
With p being the pressure on the projectile and A the crossectional area. Using these equations we calculate that:
For the pneumatic launcher to function we need a chamber with carbon dioxide, using it to push the projectile. We will assume that no heat is lost through the tubes of the net launcher and that this gas expands adiabatically. The equation describing this process is:
where p is the inital pressure, v is the inital volume of the gas, γ is the ratio of the specific heats at constant pressure and at constant pressure, which is 1.4 for air between 26.6 degrees and 49 degrees and
is the volume at any point in time. After adjusting the previous formulas, we get the following:
After integrating from y is 0 to L, where L is the length of the projectile tube, we can find the speed which the projectile lives the muzzle, given by:
This equation helps us to design the net launcher, more specifically its diameter and length. As we require a certain speed that the net needs to be shot, we will have to adjust these parameters accordingly, so the required speed is met.
As there is a projectile motion by the net, assuming that friction and tension forces are negligible we get the following equations for the x and y position at any point in time t:
Where y is the initial height and α is the angle that the projectile forms with the x-axis.
Assuming a speed of 60 m/s, we can plot the position of the net in a certain time point, helping us predict where our drone needs to be in order for it to successfully launch the net to the other drone.
From the plot, it is clear that the drone can be used from a very large distance to capture the drone it is attacking, from a distance as far as 150m. Although this is an advantage of our drone, shooting from such a distance must be only seen as a last option, as the model does not predict the projectile perfectly. Assumptions such as the use of an ideal gas, or neglect of the air friction make for inaccuracies, which only get amplified in bigger distances.
Automatic target recognition
For the drone to be able to track and target the intruder, it needs to know where the intruder is at any point in time. To do so, various techniques have been developed over the years all belonging to the area of Automatic Target Recognition (also referred to as ATR). There has been a high need for this research field for a long time. It has applications in for example guided missiles, automated surveillance and automated vehicles.
ATR started of with radars and manual operators but as quality of cameras and computation power became more accessible and have taken a big part in todays development. The camera can supply high amounts of information at low cost and weight. That is why it has been chosen to use it on this drone.
This high amount of information does induce the need for a lot of filtering to get the required information from the camera. Doing so is computationally heavy, although a lot of effort has been made to reduce the computational lifting. To do this, our drone carries a Raspberry Pi computation unit next to its regular flight controller to do the heavy image processing. One example algorithm is contour tracking, which detects the boundary of a predefined object. Typically, the computational complexity for these algorithms is low but their performance in complex environments (like when mounted to a moving parent or tracking objects that move behind obstructions) is also low. An alternative technology is based around particle filters. Using this particle filter and color-based information, a robust estimation of the target's position, orientation and scale can be made. [14]
Additionally, the drone is equipped with a gimbal on the camera to make the video stream more stable and thus lower the needed filtering and thereby increase the quality of the information.
The acquired information of the target (its pose with respect to the drone) is then used to control the intervening drone’s pose to follow the target. To do so, a control method is needed that can operate this dynamic system. Although PID controllers are easier to construct because they do not need a complex model of the system and they are easy to tune, they do not deliver the same optimal state as an LQR or MPC controller.
Conformation of acquired target
One of the most important things is shooting the net. But after that the drone has to know what to do next. Because when he misses, he has to go back to base and reload the net gun. Otherwise, when the shot is aimed right and the intruder is caught, the drone should deliver it at a safe place, and his mission has succeeded.
The drone needs to be sure if it had caught the other drone or not. To do this, the drone runs a probability algorithm. This probability algorithm will calculate a so-called ‘belief’ based on the information of the camera. This ‘belief’ is a prediction of state. In this situation we have two states, if we have caught the drone or not. The drone should act based on the belief. After that a weight sensor is used to make a final decision if the violating drone is captured or not. This can only be done when the net hangs more or less still underneath the drone. Waiting for the net to hang still underneath the drone takes time, and that is why we first run an algorithm to determine what to do next. The drone starts acting based upon the belief and this belief will be confirmed or not by the weight sensor. If these two contradict, the information that the weight sensor gives overruns the information given by the algorithm.
For the interceptor drone system there will be a mobile application developed from which the most important statistics about the interceptor drones can be viewed and also some key commands can be sent to the drone fleet. This application will also communicate with the interceptor drone (or drones if multiple are deployed) in real time, thus making the whole operation of intercepting and catching an intruder drone much faster. Being able to see the stats of the arious interceptor drones in one’s fleet is also very nice for the users and the maintenance personnel who will need to service the drones. A good example that shows how useful the application will be is when a certain drone returns from a mission, the battery levels can immediately be checked using the app and the drone can be charged accordingly.
Note: there will be no commands being sent from the application to the drone. The application's main purpose is to display the various data coming from the drones such that users can better analyze the performance of the drones and maintenance personnel can service the drones quicker.
For building the application, the UI wireframe was first designed. This will make building the final application easier, since the overall layout is already known. The UI wireframe for the application’s main pages is shown below together with some details for each of the application's screens explaining the overall functionality.
Drone Status page
Drone Map page
Drone Settings page
Security page
Radar Map page
System Settings page
Securing the Application
Since the application will allow for configuration of sensitive information regarding the interceptor drone fleet, users will be required to Login prior to using the app. This ensures that some user can only make new modifications and change settings to the drone fleet that they own or have permissions for changing. The accounts will require that the owner of the interceptor drone system will be verified prior to using the application which also helps control who will have access to this security system.
The overall security of the system is very important for us. As one can imagine, having an interceptor drone or even a fleet of them could be used with malicious intent by some. Therefore, both the application and the ground control stations would need to be secured in order to prevent such attacks from taking place. This can be done by requiring the users to make an account for using the application and also having the users verified when installing the interceptor drone system as described above. Moreover, the protocols used by the drones to send data to the ground station will be secured to avoid any possible attacks. Also the communication between all the subsystems will happen in a network which will be secured and closely monitored for suspicious traffic. Although we strive to build a package that is as secure as possible, this will not be the main point of this project and in the following we will concentrate on application’s user interface.
This is where the users can have an overview of all the interceptor drones in their fleet. The screen displays an informative picture which is representative for each drone. By clicking on the drone’s card, the user will be taken to the drone’s Status page. The Home page also has a bottom navigation bar to all the other pages in the application: Security, Location and Settings. When the user will login into the application, the Home page will be the first screen that will show up.
Each drone has a status page in the app. This can be accessed by clicking on a drone from the Home page. From this page, users can view whether the drone is operational or not. Any maintenance problems or error logs are also displayed here. This will be of tremendous help for the personnel who will have to take care and maintain the drone fleet. Moreover, the battery level for the drone is also displayed on this page. Each individual subsystem of the drone, such as motors, electronic speed controllers, flight controller, cameras or the net launcher will have their operational status displayed on this page.
Map Page
The Map page can be accessed from the drone’s status page. On the Map page the current location of the drone is displayed. The map can be dragged around for a better view of where the drone is located. This is helpful to not only monitor the progress of the interceptor drone during a mission, but also helps in situations when the drone might not be able to successfully fly back to the base in which case it would need to be recovered from its last known location.
The Settings page can be accessed from the drone’s status page. On the settings page the users can select different configurations for the drone and also view a number of graphs displaying various useful information such as battery draining levels.
This page can be accessed from the Home page by clicking on the Security page button in the bottom navigation menu. From this page users can change different settings which are related to the security of the protected asset such as an airport or a governmental institution. For example, the no-fly zone coordinates can be configured from here together with the sensitivity levels for the whole detection system.
This page can be accessed from the Home page by clicking on the Radar Map page button in the bottom navigation menu. On this page, the users can view the location of all the drones nicely displayed on a radar like map. This is different from the drone’s Map page since it shows where all the drones in the fleet are positioned and gives a better overall view of the whole system. It also displays all the airplane related traffic from around the airport.
This page can be accessed from the Home page by clicking on the Settings page button in the bottom navigation menu. From this page users can change different settings which are not related to the security of the system. These can be things such as assigning different identifiers for the drones to be displayed on the home page and also changing the configuration settings for the communication between the drones and the ground stations.
For testing whether the application and its user interface are intuitive and easy to use, a questionnaire was built. The main purpose for this was to see what needed to be improved for the application to be useful for the end users. We will provide both the questionnaire and its results once the user testing phase is finished for the application.
The drone can be designed to operate autonomously or with a human controlling it. Both of these methods have their own pros and cons. If we were to design the drone to operate autonomously it could completely prevent the possibility of someone hacking into it remotely and disabling it to intercept an attacking drone. Even though this operation mode would be preferred, it means that if something were to go south and the drone starts making dangerous maneuvers, human beings could be endangered by such actions. Because of this, the main legislation governing the essential health and safety requirements for machinery at EU level requires the implementation of an emergency stop button in such types of machines [15], which makes the option of our system being completely autonomous undesirable.
If the drone is to be controlled by a user, what this user can control is really important. The end goal of such an interceptor drone is to be as autonomous as possible, leaving as little as possible in the hands of humans. But what should the interceptive drone system do, once it has detected that an unwanted drone inside the operating area of the airport? Should it intercept immediately or wait for a confirmation from an airport employee?
The flights of drones are unacceptable in any airport area, so the goal would be to get rid of it as soon as possible. Introducing a human factor to confirm the interference of the attacking drone would introduce another extra step to the whole process, which could cause unwanted delays and cost a lot of money to the airport, as the Gatwick accident has shown. The best thing to do is for these drones to try to intercept the target as soon as it is detected, as every drone flying in airport perimiter can be considered unwanted (enemy), whoever is operating it.
In the meantime, this system should notify the user of the system that a target has been detected. This way the employee responsible can also inform the Air Traffic Control (ATC) to hold up the incoming and departing planes. While this can cause inconvenience and create more queues at the airport, it is the best available option. Also, in case there are some real emergencies with planes holding in the pattern for too much time, then the ATC can coordinated with the pilots for a safe landing. The alternative could be too costly, as a drone could hit the engine of an airplane and have devastating results. When a drone is detected by our system, a human will monitor and pass this information to the ATC. This is to avoid a false positive since pausing all the air traffic would cause chaos and incur big losses for the airport therefore it must be avoided at all costs.
The only control on the drone must be the emergency stop button. As this button is of high importance, as it can render the whole system useless if activated, it must be completely secured by any outside factor trying to hack into it. Only putting a stop button in the application that we designed, would not be secure enough, because some backdoor could be found and this would compromise the whole system. That is why a physical button is added to the system either in the ATC tower or at the drone fleet HQ. This means that if you only have access to one of them it would not be enough to stop the system, as both need to be pressed to stop the operation. Only a handful of people authorized by the airport would have the power to stop these drones, while anyone trying to maliciously disable the system has to have physical access to the airport, which considering the high level of security it has, would be hard to achieve.
In this section the State of the Art (or SotA) concerning our project will be discussed.
Tracking/Targeting
To target a moving target from a moving drone, a way of tracking the target is needed. A lot of articles on how to do this, or related to this problem have been published:
Moving Target Classification and Tracking from Real-time Video. In this paper describes a way of extracting moving targets from a real-time video stream which can classify them into predefined categories. This is a useful technique which can be mounted to a ground station or to a drone and extract relevant data of the target.[16]
Target tracking using television-based bistatic radar. This article describes a way of detecting and tracking airborne targets from a ground based station using radar technology. In order to determine the location and estimate the target’s track, it uses the Doppler shift and bearing of target echoes. This allows for tracking and targeting drones from a large distance. [17]
Detecting, tracking, and localizing a moving quadcopter using two external cameras. In this paper a way of tracking and localizing a drone using the bilateral view of two external cameras is presented. This technique can be used to monitor a small airspace and detect and track intruders. [18]
Aerial Object Following Using Visual Fuzzy Servoing. In this article a technique is presented to track a 3D moving object from another UAV based on the color information from a video stream with limited info. The presented technique as presented is able to do following and pursuit, flying in formation, as well as indoor navigation. [19]
Patent for an interceptor drone tasked to the location of another tracked drone. This patent proposes a system which includes LIDAR detection sensors and dedicated tracking sensors. [20]
Patent for detecting, tracking and estimating the speed of vehicles from a moving platform. This patent proposes an algorithm operated by the on-board computing system of an unmanned aerial vehicle that is used to detect and track vehicles moving on a roadway. The algorithm is configured to detect and track the vehicles despite motion created by movement of the UAV.[21]
Patent for scanning environments and tracking unmanned aerial vehicles. This patent refers to systems and methods for scanning environments and tracking unmanned aerial vehicles within the scanned environments. It also provides a method for identifying points of interest in an image and generating a map of the region. [22]
Algorithms based on Multiplayer Differential Game Theory, such as two-player decomposition approach, maximum principle approach and minimum-time decomposition approach are presented, each arriving to an efficient way of intercepting an attacking UAV but focusing on optimizing a different variable based on the numbers of drones controlled and attacking the UAV. [23]
Autonomous flying
Patent for flight control using computer vision. This patent provides methods for computing a three-dimensional relative location of a target with respect to the reference aerial vehicle based on the image of the environment. [24]
Cooperative Control Method Algorithm. This paper presents experimental results for the simultaneous interception of targets by a team of UAV’s. It includes an overview of the co-operative control strategy which can also be used in this project’s drones. [25]
Framework for Autonomous On-board Navigation. This article presents a framework for independent autonomous flying of a drone solely based on its onboard sensors. In this framework, the high-level navigation, computer vision and control tasks are carried out in an external processing unit. [26]
Towards a navigation system for autonomous indoor flying. This article provides a framework for autonomous indoor flying for small UAV’s derived from existing systems for ground based robots. This system can be utilized for indoor drone interception where dodging objects and humans is one of the most important features. [27]
Mission path following for an autonomous unmanned airship. In this project (AURORA) multiple flight path following techniques through a set of pre-defined points are described and compared through simulation. The tests were conducted both with and without wind to show the performance of the controllers. [28]
Patent for autonomous tracking and surveillance. This patent refers to a method of protecting an asset by imposing a security perimeter around it which is further divided in a number of zones protected by unmanned aerial vehicles.[29]
Stopping drones
One way of catching a drone is by shooting at it with a net. Extensive research has been done on shooting nets, mainly for wildlife purposes. [30][31]
Looking at drones shooting nets specifically, pneumatic launchers have been implemented successfully. [32]
Electromagnetic Launchers present another opportunity for launching a net to another drone. This article explains the mathematical model of such a system and shows the power of electromagnetic launchers, which offer very high acceleration speeds.[33]
This paper shows another option for shooting a net is using a hybrid pneumatic-electromagnetic launcher, giving the mathematical model of this system and simulation results. It shows that a hybrid system offers a huge control in the acceleration, more so than a simple pneumatic launcher or an electromagnetic one. [34]
General design of drones
Design and control of quadrotors with application to autonomous flying. This paper describes a design of a micro quadrotor, its simulation and linear and nonlinear control techniques. The techniques presented in this paper are broadly applicable and can be used in other drone environments, like drone interception activities. [35]
Aerodynamics and control of autonomous quadrotor helicopters in aggressive maneuvering. This article improves on previous work on aerodynamic effects impacting quadrotors. These are used to develop new control techniques that allow for more aggressive maneuvering. This is also useful in the pursuit of another agile drone or UAV. [36]
One big challenge surrounding drones is that their flight time is really limited. A way to prevent this and to have drones constantly surveilling the area they are programmed to is with autonomous mid-air battery swapping. [37]
Although the use of drones for intervention is not directly military, this application can be seen as military. In a paper by Bradley Jay Strawser, the duty to employ UAV’s is discussed. It describes why there is nothing wrong in principle with using a UAV’s. [38]
There is also an existing company, in Delft, that is making drone intercepting drones called Delft Dynamics and they have built the DroneCatcher[12]
↑ Allianz Global Corporate & Specialty (2016). Rise of the Drones Managing the Unique Risks Associated with Unmanned Aircraft Systems
↑ Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) (2017). UAS Airborne Collision Severity Evaluation Air Traffic Organization, Washington, DC 20591
↑ From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (2018). Gatwick Airport drone incident Wikipedia
↑ Pamela Gregg (2018). Risk in the Sky? University of Dayton Research Institute
↑ From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (2019). Unmanned aerial vehicle Wikipedia
↑ From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (2019). Serbia v Albania (UEFA Euro 2016 qualifying) Wikipedia
↑ Alex Hern, Gwyn Topham (2018). How dangerous are drones to aircraft? The Guardian
↑ EU Parliament (2018). Drones: new rules for safer skies across Europe Civilian Drones: Rules that Apply to European Countries
↑ European Union Avition Safety Agency (2019). Civil Drones European Union Aviation Safety Agency
↑ OpenWorks Engineering [1]
↑ MALOU-tech [2]
↑ 12.0 12.1 Delft Dynamics DroneCatcher
↑ D. Lee, J. Zhou, W. Tze Lin Autonomous battery swapping system for quadcopter (2015)
↑ C. Teuliere, L. Eck, E. Merchand (2011) Chasing a moving target from a flying UAV 2011 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems
↑ EU Machinery Legislation (2014) Emergency Stop Devices Emergency Stop Devices (MD Annex I 1.2.4.3)
↑ A.J. Lipton, H.Fujiyoshi, R.S. Patil Moving target classification and tracking from real-time video (1998) Proceedings Fourth IEEE Workshop on Applications of Computer Vision. WACV'98 (Cat. No.98EX201)
↑ P.F. Howland Target tracking using television-based bistatic radar (1999) IEE Proceedings - Radar, Sonar and Navigation Volume 146, Issue 3 p. 166 – 174
↑ M. Dreyer, S. Raj, S. Gururajan, J. Glowacki Detecting, Tracking, and Localizing a Moving Quadcopter Using Two External Cameras (2018) 2018 Flight Testing Conference, AIAA AVIATION Forum, (AIAA 2018-4281)
↑ O. Méndez, M. Ángel, M. Bernal, I. Fernando, C. Cervera, P. Alvarez, M. Alvarez, L. Luna, M. Luna, C. Viviana Aerial Object Following Using Visual Fuzzy Servoing (2011)
↑ Brian R. Van Voorst (2017). Intercept drone tasked to location of lidar tracked drone U.S. Patent No. US20170261604A1. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office
↑ Eric Saund Christopher. Paulson Gregory. Burton Eric Peeters. (2014). System and method for detecting, tracking and estimating the speed of vehicles from a mobile platform U.S. Patent No. US20140336848A1. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office
↑ Asa Hammond Nathan. Schuett Naimisaranya Das Busek. (2016). Scanning environments and tracking unmanned aerial vehicles U.S. Patent No. US20160292872A1. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office
↑ Johan M. Reimann USING MULTIPLAYER DIFFERENTIAL GAME THEORY TO DERIVE EFFICIENT PURSUIT-EVASION STRATEGIES FOR UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES (2007) School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology
↑ Guy Bar-Nahum. Hong-Bin Yoon. Karthik Govindaswamy. Hoang Anh Nguyen. (2018). Flight control using computer vision U.S. Patent No. US20190025858A1. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office
↑ Timothy W. McLain and Randal W. Beard, Jed M. Kelsey Experimental Demonstration of Multiple Robot Cooperative Target Intercept (2007)
↑ J. J. Lugo, A. Zell Framework for Autonomous On-board Navigation with the AR.Drone (2013)
↑ S. Grzonka, G. Grisetti, W. Burgard Towards a navigation system for autonomous indoor flying(2009)
↑ J.R. Azinheira, E. Carneiro de Paiva, J.G. Ramos, S.S. Beuno Mission path following for an autonomous unmanned airship (2000)
↑ Kristen L. Kokkeby Robert P. Lutter Michael L. Munoz Frederick W. Cathey David J. Hilliard Trevor L. Olson (2008). System and methods for autonomous tracking and surveillance U.S. Patent No. US20100042269A1. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office
↑ STEPHEN L. WEBB, JOHN S. LEWIS, DAVID G. HEWITT, MICKEY W. HELLICKSON, FRED C. BRYANT Assessing the Helicopter and Net Gun as a Capture Technique for White‐Tailed Deer (2008) The Journal of Wildlife Management Volume 72, Issue 1,
↑ Andrey Evgenievich Nazdratenko (2007) Net throwing device U.S. Patent No. US20100132580A1. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office
↑ Mohammad Rastgaar Aagaah, Evandro M. Ficanha, Nina Mahmoudian (2016) Drone with pneumatic net launcher U.S. Patent No. US20170144756A1. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office
↑ Leubner, Karel & Laga, Radim & Dolezel, Ivo. (2015) Advanced Model of Electromagnetic Launcher Advanced Model of Electromagnetic Launcher. Advances in Electrical and Electronic Engineering. 13. 223-229. 10.15598/aeee.v13i3.1419
↑ Domin, Jaroslaw & Kluszczyński, K. (2013) Hybrid pneumatic-electromagnetic launcher Hybrid pneumatic-electromagnetic launcher - general concept, mathematical model and results of simulation. 89. 21-25.
↑ S. Bouabdallah, R. Siegwart Design and control of quadrotors with application to autonomous flying (2007)
↑ H. Huang, G. M. Hoffmann, S. L. Waslander, C. J. Tomlin Aerodynamics and control of autonomous quadrotor helicopters in aggressive maneuvering (2009)
↑ Jacobsen, Reed; Ruhe, Nikolai; and Dornback, Nathan Autonomous UAV Battery Swapping (2018)
↑ Bradley Jay Strawser Moral Predators: The Duty to Employ Uninhabited Aerial Vehicles Journal of Military Ethics, Volume 9, 2010 – Issue 4
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Prince Charles ‘expelled’ brother Prince Andrew to protect ‘sensitive’ Queen
THE Duke of York’s brusque removal from his public-facing role as a member of the Royal Family is a victory for Prince Charles.
The Prince of Wales, 73, was adamant that his brother’s position should be “wiped” when it became clear that Andrew, 61, could face a hugely embarrassing civil trial for alleged sexual assault.
Prince Charles was adamant that his brother Andrew should be ‘expelled’ from The FirmKrediet: Getty
Charles acted swiftly to protect the Queen in the year of her platinum jubileeKrediet: PA
A senior courtier says that while the decision to relieve Andrew of his HRH (His Royal Highness) status was announced in the Queen’s name, it was Charles who has been responsible for the Koninklike familie’s “prompt and agile response”.
It came after the latest blow for Andrew, when a New York judge ruled this week that there should be a public trial to determine Virginia Giuffre’s eise sy was assaulted by the prince.
“It is Prince Charles who has led what is effectively a royal crisis management team formed to limit the reputational damage caused by Andrew’s disastrous association with Jeffrey Epstein,” says the courtier.
“While the Queen has given her views on the matter she is naturally protective and sensitive to Andrew, who is acknowledged to be her favourite son.
“Whereas Charles has taken a consistently harder line with Andrew and is not exactly sympathetic to the position of his brother, who he considers to be up to his neck in a dreadful mess of his own making.”
Prince Andrew has consistently denied the allegations made against him.
It has long been acknowledged in royal circles that Charles, who has championed a slimmed-down monarchy when he inherits the throne, has little time for Andrew.
He did not support the approach the Duke made to the Queen several years ago to approve financial support for his daughters, Princesses Beatrice en Eugenie, as full-time – and police-protected – royals.
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The insider adds: “When it came clear this week that Andrew’s legal position was going from bad to worse, and future developments and coverage of the saga would be in danger of eclipsing the big event of the year – die Queen’s Platinum Jubilee – Charles moved decisively.
“He effectively made the decision that to limit further reputational damage, Andrew had to be removed – effectively expelled as a working member of the family.
“It means he will defend his legal position not as a royal but as a private citizen.
“It may seem a brutal treatment to dish out to a younger sibling, but when the history of this sorry saga is written, we think Charles will be seen to have moved with the firmness and rapidity of a CEO protecting a major business in crisis.
“That his mother’s incredible 70 years of service to the nation could be overshadowed by a trial which could involve lurid details of Andrew’s sex life is not a prospect that Charles intends to let happen.”
The Royal Family’s surprise action has also removed the threat of others taking matters into their own hands – such as officers in the Grenadier Guards, of which Andrew was still Colonel, were threatening to do by banning him from attending any of the regiment’s functions.
‘Boorish’ Prince Andrew relished reminding ‘lesser civilians’ of his regal position, say diplomats
BEING stripped of the honorific style of “His Royal Highness” will be particularly wounding for Prince Andrew, who regularly liked to remind “lesser civilians” of his regal position, according to diplomats who have worked with the prince.
A former British diplomat who accompanied Andrew on what were supposed to be trade-boosting visits to the Middle East described him as a “boorish freeloader” who did more harm than good when he was supposed to be representing the UK.
Simon Wilson, Britain’s former deputy head of mission in Bahrain, revealed that officials gave Andrew the nickname “HBH”, of “His Buffoon Highness”, because of how he would do the opposite of whatever had been agreed ahead of a visit with staff.
“Colleagues put this behaviour down to the prince having an inferiority complex about being mentally challenged,” said Mr Wilson.
Sir Ivor Roberts, a former ambassador to Rome, also described how Andrew “rubbed people up the wrong way”, leaving his diplomatic team to clear up the mess he’d made.
Sir Ivor added: “When one head of a major fashion house introduced herself to Andrew, he rudely responded: ‘Never heard of you.'”
Prince Andrew STRIPPED of royal title and all military honours by Queen amid sex assault lawsuit shame
Hierdie inskrywing is geplaas in cta en gemerk Andrewprotect, broer, Charles, expelled, Prins, Koningin, sensitive aan 01/14/2022 deur ct.
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Arsenal to ‘offer boss Arteta new deal to ward off interest from Man City’
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Real Housewives of Cheshire: who is Ester Wholesale Jerseys China Saving Off Least 60% Dee?The new Real Housewife of Cheshire is causing quite a stir find out more about Ester Dee from the fifth series on ITVBe15:40, 8 MAY 2017Updated23:20, 8 MAY 2017
(Image: Manchester Evening News)
She finds shopping "orgasmic" and has a collection of 180 handbags and 500 pairs of shoes but says she keeps them all in boxes for fear of damaging any of them.
Flexible Ester can also put both her legs behind her head, says she fancies Dawn Ward's ex footballer husband Ashley and has hit back at former Real Housewife Magali Gorre for calling her "More Geordie Shore than Golden Triangle."
The glamorous full time mum, 32, is a self confessed chatterbox, and her fellow Real Housewives have struggled to get a word in edgeways when she is about.
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The Real Housewives of Cheshire 2017
"If I go to Hale Barns, if I wasn't me, I wouldn't get a nice table. People engage better with you if you have better things on you. Cheshire is quite pretentious in a way.
"It's a good honey pot place, compared to London it's got bigger money, bigger places. Cheshire is brilliant for football players, big game players, if you want to do it big, move to Cheshire."
But who is Ester Dee? Born in the Czech Republic as Ester Dohnalova (Dee is her shortened version of that name), she moved to England in 2003 with just in her pocket to start a new life. She became an au pair in London, before meeting her partner Rob Lloyd, 53, in 2008. They eventually became an item in 2012 and now have a two year old daughter Bertie together.
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Rob, who enjoyed TV fame himself when he appeared on Channel 4's The Secret Millionaire in 2009, also has three grown up children from two previous marriages.
(Image: ITV Picture Desk)
Rob proposed to Ester with a replica of Princess Diana's engagement ring by the canal in Chester, where they had previously lived together.
But they've since moved to a Georgian mansion in Macclesfield, to allow room for Ester's mother Zdenka, 49, to move in to help look after Bertie.
Ester says: "I'm a full time mother and housewife. It's a very hard job, my nails get dirty sometimes. I just find it Wholesale NHL Jerseys amazing that the other girls run so many businesses and exercise, I don't know how they do it. I have a cleaner at home."
Ester caused quite a stir when she was introduced to the other Real Housewives, Dawn Ward, Leanne Brown, Tanya Bardsley, Ampika Pickston, Lauren Simon, Seema Malhotra and Stacey Forsey, for the first time back in January the first time any of them had ever met her. Cheap Jerseys She has since made firm friends with interior designer Dawn, which has ramped up tensions among the ladies after Leanne had a major fall out with her former best friend.
Real Housewives of Cheshire stars reveal they've quit wholesale soccer jerseys drinking
Ester says: "I didn't think I was going to like Dawn, she completely overdo me, but cheap mlb jerseys I love her smile and her heart, and Ashley, he is FIT!
"Spending time with all the girls I find them very different. You can't judge a book by its cover. They helped me to blend nicely, and to correct my mistakes, because I do talk a lot!"
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With the college football season drawing to a close in the month of October and turning over to November soon, the Heisman Trophy race has yet to see a candidate grab a firm hold of the lead. When the voting is done at the end of the season, the odds are good that the Heisman Trophy winner will be a household name playing for a big time football program, but Marshall quarterback Rakeem Cato may be worthy of at least an invitation to New York for the ceremony.
Mississippi State quarterback Dak Prescott has the biggest wins and Oregon Marcus Mariota continues to pile up big numbers. Georgia running back Todd Gurley may have taken himself out of the running and Florida State quarterback Jameis Winston has to overcome historic trends to have a shot at a second trophy. Despite what could be a wide open race, Cato chances to win the Heisman Trophy look to be about as good as Marshall chances to play in the College Football Playoff, even with a 13 0 regular season capped with a Conference USA Championship.
Cato is still Cheap Jerseys Wholesale from China one of the more entertaining players to watch in college football, and he is a huge reason why Marshall is on the run it is. Through seven games this season, Cato has averaged 273.1 yards per game with 1,912 passing yards and 19 touchdowns, with six interceptions. Those numbers put him right on par with Notre Dame quarterback Everett Golson (1,996 passing yards, 19 touchdowns, 6 interceptions), but Cato lacks the kind of schedule that will draw national attention the way Golson or any other candidate will, although Cato is putting up those numbers on roughly 10 fewer pass attempts per game compared to Golson. But are these Heisman caliber numbers?
If the Heisman Wholesale Jerseys Supply, App NFl Store Cheap Deal Trophy was an award for the most valuable player in college football, Cato would have a much stronger argument in the Heisman debate. The Heisman instead is awarded to the best player in college football. As far as numbers go, Cato is a very good player, but to make a run to New York, he will have to go on a tear in the second half of the season. His completion percentage will need to improve (58.3 percent this season) and he will need to stop being intercepted (six in the last five games).
It may be too late for Cato to make a case to be the first non power conference Heisman Trophy winner since BYU Ty Detmer won the Heisman in 1990 and Houston Andre Ware took it home in 1989, but an invite to New York should be considered an honor. Last season, Northern Illinois quarterback Jordan Lynch was one of six Heisman Trophy finalists. If the Heisman Trust opens up the ceremony to cheap nfl jerseys a large number of finalists again, Cato could easily Authentic Football Jerseys be considered for one of the invites to New York.
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Heisman Showcase: No. 24 LSU vs. No. 3 Ole Miss
Okay Bo Wallace, consider this your turn to make some noise in the Heisman conversation. The Ole Miss quarterback may have some catching up to do in the Heisman race, especially behind in state rival Dak Prescott, but this week Wallace leads the undefeated Rebels into Tiger Stadium to take on LSU under the lights. An impressive victory on the road against LSU can do wonders for launching a Heisman campaign. Just ask Prescott.
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TORONTO A 15 per cent non resident speculation tax proposed by the Ontario government Thursday forms a key plank in the province plan to cool the hot housing market in its southern cities.
The tax specifically targets foreign speculators who purchase property in the Greater Golden Horseshoe an area that stretches from the Niagara Region jerseys from China to Peterborough to turn a quick profit rather than to find a place in which to live. Here a look at how the new tax would work.
A 15 per cent tax will be applied to the purchase of a residential property in the Greater Golden Horseshoe area, in addition to the general land transfer tax. It will be retroactively effective as of Friday, once enabling legislation goes through.
The tax applies to buyers who are not Canadian citizens or permanent residents, non Canadian corporations and taxable trustees for purchases of residential property in the Greater Golden Horseshoe area. That area includes the Greater Toronto Area, and surrounding regions such as Niagara, Waterloo, the counties of Haldimand, Brant, Wellington, Dufferin, Simcoe, Peterborough, Northumberland and the Kawartha Lakes area.
Non Canadian corporations are defined as those: not incorporated in Canada; incorporated in the country but controlled by wholesale football jerseys a foreign national or corporation and with no shares listed on a Canadian stock exchange; or controlled directly or indirectly by a foreign entity.
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Taxable trustees are defined as either a foreign entity holding a title in trust for beneficiaries or a Canadian citizen, or a permanent resident, or a corporation holding a title in trust for foreign beneficiaries.
What properties does the tax apply to?
The tax applies to purchases of land containing between one and six single family residences, including detached houses, semi detached houses, townhouses and condos. It does not apply to multi residential rental apartment buildings with more than six units, or agricultural, commercial or industrial land.
The principal residence for a foreign national under the Ontario Immigrant Nominee Program, which is designed nfl shop to help Jerseys Cheap employers having trouble finding qualified workers in Ontario.
A joint purchase by a foreign national if their spouse is a Canadian citizen, permanent resident, refugee or exempt under the Ontario Immigrant Nominee Program.
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Purchases by a trustee of a mutual fund trust, real estate investment trust or specified investment flow through trust.
Rebates (with interest) will be granted to the following people if they either exclusively hold the property or hold it jointly with their spouse and it has been used as their principal residence:
A foreign national who becomes a citizen or permanent resident within four years of the purchase.
A foreign student who has been enrolled full time for at least two years after the purchase
A foreign national who has legally and continuously worked full time in Ontario for a year from the date of purchase.
The tax will apply to the value of the residential property. Land transfer tax affidavits or statements must specify if the non resident speculation tax either does not apply, or does apply and has been paid to the Ministry of Finance.
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Demaryius Thomas offers Von Miller expensive jerseys
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ENGLEWOOD, Colo. A year ago, it was Demaryius Thomas and not Von Miller in franchise tag limbo with the Denver Broncos.
Now the only advice Authentic NFL Jerseys,Cheap Super Bowl Jerseys Wholesale Online Thomas can offer his close friend and teammate is patience. Thomas learned that contract negotiations on large deals, especially under the specter of the franchise tag, can get messy and take time. He hopes Miller understands that.
"It's about making sure you stay in shape, and don't let it bother you because it's going to get done," Thomas told USA TODAY Sports. "All you can do is let your agent and Mr. (Broncos general manager John) Elway and all the people here get that done. Something eventually is going to get done."
Thomas' deal got done last year on the deadline for long term deals, when he signed a five year, $70 million contract that included $43.5 million guaranteed. At the time, it tied him for the second highest paid receiver in the NFL with Dez Bryant (who also received the 2015 franchise tag from the Dallas Cowboys) Wholesale Football Jerseys and behind former Detroit Lions receiver Calvin Johnson.
Miller's situation may prove more complicated, as the Super Bowl MVP outside linebacker is seeking to become the NFL's highest paid defensive player, with more in average salary and guaranteed money than Miami Dolphins defensive tackle Ndamukong Suh, who makes $19.06 million per year on average.
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The Broncos made an offer to Miller last week of a six year contract worth Wholesale Jerseys Cheap $114.5 million, and gave Miller and his agent a deadline of Tuesday night to accept, a person familiar with the negotiations told USA TODAY Sports. That deadline was put in place in hopes of Miller signing in time to join his teammates for part of a mandatory minicamp this week and a final set of voluntary practices next week.
Miller and his camp rejected that offer, putting talks Wholesale Jerseys at a standstill. The two sides have until July 15 to agree on a long term contract. If that deadline passes, Miller will have the wholeale jerseys choice to play 2016 under the exclusive franchise tender, which has a guaranteed salary of $14.129 million, or sit out all or part of the season, a drastic measure that players sometimes threaten (like Bryant did last summer) but rarely follow through on.
For now, Miller's absence has not been divisive or a distraction for his teammates, and Thomas said he enjoyed seeing Miller during the team's visit to the White House on Monday. Thomas said he believed Miller has been working out away from the team, and estimated Miller currently weighed 240 245 pounds, which would be slightly leaner than his listed playing weight of 250.
"I knew it was going to be a long process. That was just from being around older guys, other guys," Thomas said. "It's a long process. Don't stress it out, don't let it bother you. Make sure you work out so when you come back and sign the big deal, you don't want to be that guy that gets hurt."
If Miller was stressing Wednesday about his contract status, he wasn't showing it on his social media accounts, where he documented a fishing trip in California's Ojai Valley via Snapchat. On Tuesday, he posted photos and video of himself working out at a gym near Los Angeles with actor Jake Gyllenhaal.
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A local Boy Scouts leader says he's cheap nfl jerseys excited about the Boy Scouts of America's announcement this week that it would begin accepting girls.
Charles Flowers is the executive director of the Connecticut Yankee Council, which oversees BSA programs in Fairfield and New Haven counties. He says the move will help the Scouts remain relevant cheap youth nfl jerseys and offer opportunities for more families.
"We want to give busier families an opportunity to enjoy the life changing opportunities of the Boy Scouts of America," he says.
In January, the Boy Scouts also opened membership to transgender boys.
But Mary Barnaby, the chief executive of the local Girl Scouts, says the Girl Scouts offer unique programs tailored to meet the developmental needs of girls, specifically.
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"We've had 105 years of building programs with girls," she says. "We know from neuroscience that the brains of girls are different from the brains of boys. And in Girl Scouts, we really do try to give them experiences that will build their confidence."
The Boy Scouts will begin allowing girls to join the Cub Scouts program next fall.
A high school in Bridgeport was locked down after police say a fight broke out in front of the school.
NewsForecast: Mostly sunny skies continue throughout the weekForecast: Mostly sunny skies continue throughout the week
Mostly sunny skies will continue throughout the week across parts of western Connecticut.
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People line up for Chick fil A grand opening in NorwalkPeople line up for Chick fil A grand opening in NorwalkUpdated: Thursday, October 19 2017 3:18 PM EDT2017 10 19 19:18:10 GMT
People line up for Chick fil A grand opening in Norwalk
A popular fast food restaurant has made its way to Norwalk.
NewsBridgeport parents upset after school fight video goes viralBridgeport parents upset after school fight video goes Wholesale Jerseys CBS Supply viralUpdated: Wednesday, October 18 2017 5:07 PM EDT2017 10 18 21:07:13 GMT
Bridgeport parents upset after school fight video goes viral
Parents in Bridgeport say they are concerned about the growing trend among students of recording fights and then posting them on social media for all the world to see.
2 Bridgeport men rescued from overturned boat2 Bridgeport men rescued from overturned boatUpdated: Thursday, October 19 2017 7:39 PM EDT2017
Two Bridgeport men were rescued Thursday evening in Fairfield from their overturned boat on the Long Island Sound.
Tentative state budget deal eliminates car tax next yearTentative state budget deal eliminates car tax next yearUpdated: Thursday, October 19 2017 6:21 PM EDT2017 10 19 Wholesale Jerseys China Saving Off Least 60% 22:21:51 GMT
The tentative state budget deal, reached between Republicans and Democrats, eliminates the car tax in two years.
MLB poised to pick off 1st
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NEW YORK Yankees reliever Rafael Soriano stepped toward third base and bluffed a pickoff throw, then twirled and made a soft toss to first. No dice, the Tampa Bay runners didn't fall for that ol' trick they'd seen it too often.
Starting next year, no Cheap NBA Jerseys - All Star Throwback Jerseys Sale one might ever see that exact play again.
Major League Baseball is poised to pick off the much maligned move, the fake to third, throw to first ploy that often succeeds only in getting the whole ballpark to shout "Balk!"
"I think they should get rid of it," Yankees reliever Boone Logan said. "Us lefties can't do that. If we do, they call a balk."
"Besides, how often does it work? Maybe once in never," he said.
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The Playing Rules Committee has approved a proposal to make it a balk, too, with MLB executives and umpires in agreement. The players' union vetoed the plan for this season to discuss it further. MLB is allowed to implement the change after a one year wait no telling whether that would happen if players strongly object.
Under the new wording, a pitcher could not fake to third unless he first stepped off the rubber. If he stayed on the rubber, as Soriano did Wednesday night, it would be a balk.
Most every pitcher now makes the move the same way Soriano did.
"Some people think you're just trying to deceive the runner at first, that you have no real intention of getting the guy at third," Los Angeles Angels manager Mike Scioscia said.
"You're not trying so much to get a guy off third. You're not going to do that very often," he said. "But it can be a huge deterrent for the runner at first."
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Scioscia is a member of Commissioner Bud Selig's panel for on field Cheap Jerseys USA issues. Would Scioscia be sorry to see the play tossed?
"I don't know if sorry' is the right word. It means you'll just have to find another way to control the running game," he said.
Scioscia's team has had great success using what some clubs call the "horn" play the name comes from managers extending their index and pinky fingers in a "Hook em Horns" gesture, indicating opposing runners at first and third.
Last August, with Los Angeles leading 6 4 at Yankee Stadium, New York put men at the corners with two outs in the ninth inning. Rookie Jordan Walden bluffed toward third a couple of times, then did it again and trapped Curtis Granderson off Wholesale Jerseys first for the final out.
This year, the Angels struck again in the Bronx when starter Ervin Santana faked to third and nailed Brett Gardner at first.
The play is specifically addressed in the Official Baseball Rules under Rule 8.05 (c), which states: "It is possible, with runners on first and third, for the pitcher to step toward third and not throw, merely to cheap nfl jerseys authentic bluff the runner back to third; then seeing the runner on first start for second, turn and step toward and throw to first base. This is legal."
Hence, no balk. Not yet, anyway.
"Major League Baseball and the players decide what the rules of baseball are. We just enforce them," longtime umpire Jim Joyce said.
New York Mets general manager Sandy Alderson, chairman of the Playing Rules Committee, points out "it's evolved over time what's acceptable on what you can do at different bases." A bluff to third is legal, for example, but the same fake to first is not.
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Arsenal prioritising success over money, according to chief executiveArsenal's decision not to sell Mesut Ozil and Alexis Sanchez . Garda have thanked the public for their assistance.
Earlier: Garda in Cork city are renewing their appeal for help in finding Josh Cowman, also known as Josh cheap jersey Barry, who has been missing since October 16.
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Woman dies after being struck by train near LimerickPart of the Dublin to Limerick rail line has been closed after a woman died after being struck by a train this evening.
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Five things to watch against the Chicago Bears
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When the Authentic NFL Jerseys,Cheap Super Bowl Jerseys Wholesale Online Lions run onto the field on Sunday to take on the Chicago Bears they know one thing: It not a must win game but it is certainly a should win game.
The Lions (8 4) have won seven of their last eight game since they lost to the Bears (3 9) on Oct. 2 in Chicago. Detroit can take another step toward the playoffs with a win in this divisional match up.
1. Stop the run and make the Bears one dimensional. Jordan Howard ran for 111 yards in the first meeting which was one reason the Bears won. He leads nfl shop the Bears with 181 carries for 883 yards. guy can run the ball. He got good vision, he not going to go down on the first hit and if you going to tackle him you better tackle him, you not going to arm tackle Cheap authentic jerseys him, you not going to trip him up, defensive coordinator Teryl Austin said. better put some body on him and there better be more than one and he really been outstanding. The Lions have given up an average of 98.2 rushing yards per game, Super Bowl 2016 Jerseys,Cheap Jersey For Championship Season but in the last four contests (all wins) they allowed an average of 73.2 rushing yards.
3. The Lions need to rattle quarterback Matt Barkley who has three touchdown passes and two interceptions in the past two starts. The sack numbers for the Lions are down but they are still trying to be effective in the pass rush. it pressuring, whether it four man rush because I still think that we have the ability to four man rush. A lot of times we played teams that they want to get the ball out and they holding the ball less than two seconds, I don care who you are, you not going to get very many sacks, Austin said. feel good about where we been rush wise, we just haven gotten the sack numbers we want.
4. Last week the Lions had to settle for five field goals instead of touchdowns. They still beat the Saints handily, but must find ways to score in the red zone more often. They rank 17th in the NFL in red zone efficiency scoring touchdowns 55.9 percent of time they are within 20 yards. traditionally been pretty good in the red zone around here, kind of pride ourselves on scoring touchdowns down there. Did not have a good week, that was execution, that was communication, there several play calls I would like back. I thought New Orleans did a good job switching up what they were doing, and I didn adjust as well as I would liked to, offensive coordinator Jim Bob Cooter said. At the end of the day it tough to score in the red zone in this league. You going to get tight coverage, you going to get competitive throws and catches. Sometimes you going to win more than you lose, sometimes you going to lose more than you win. Run the ball. Sound familiar? After a season low of 14 rushing yards on Nov. 20, the Lions have come back with 82 and 85 rushing yards in the last two games. When one running back isn picking up the yards (Theo Riddick had two rushing yards in New Orleans) others have been stepping up. Rookie Dwayne Washington had three carries for 21 yards before he injured his ankle in New Orleans. Then Zach Zenner stepped in and found openings straight up the middle gathering 40 yards on nine carries. This week the Lions brought back Joique Bell. It uncertain exactly how he will fit in the mix.
Weaver Face Off At Debate
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The debate, sponsored by the Wadsworth Athenum, had been in the works since last spring. It's part of the museum's Colt's Empire exhibition.
Weaver High School students took the position that Hartford was a better place to live in the second half of the 19th century. Bulkeley High students said life was better today.
Weaver attacked modern technology, saying television has destroyed the appreciation of books, and technology has completely changed such old customs as families sitting down together for dinner.
Bulkeley attacked the crime statistics offered by Weaver. Yes, fewer crimes were committed back then, Bulkeley conceded, but there were fewer people, too.
Weaver fought back by simply stating today's public school situation in Hartford. Bulkeley said education today prepares students for a broader array of possible jobs, and the schools Sale Nike NFL Jerseys From China Cheap - Authentic Football Jerseys are much more diverse.
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Weaver said there were far more theaters and centers for education in the second half of the 19th century. But Bulkeley said ticket prices for those theaters were so low they often drew unwanted crowds of street people.
Weaver ended its argument by citing the high percentage of employment in the late 19th century. Bulkeley rebutted that by citing the limited types of jobs available.
Then it was up to the judges: The Courant's Northeast magazine editor, Lary Bloom; the Wadsworth's community outreach coordinator, Amy Sailor Milner; and the museum's marketing assistant, Jeremy Burrows.
I think this was a great way for teachers to network,'' said Jane Hoder, coordinator of school and teacher programs for the museum and one of the organizers of the debate.
This is wonderful for the students. We held it in conjunction with the exhibit. It was a museum/school collaborative.''
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Tim Sullivan, a teacher at Weaver, said the debate and prizes were good for the Authentic pittsburgh steelers jerseys wholesale students.
It gives us motivational techniques to make them do research with a competitive edge. It forced them to spend time in the library, and their writing and research skills were enhanced.''
Ines Pegeas, a Bulkeley teacher, agreed.
It was quite an experience for everyone. They learned a lot of NFL Cheap Jerseys things that they will remember later.''
While waiting for the decision on who won, Weaver student Ansley Dawkins and Bulkeley student Eddie Lawrence sat in a corner, continuing to debate the issue between themselves.
I thought it was a good idea to allow high school kids to express what we feel,'' Lawrence said. This is something positive that reflects our school. I hope we have more opportunities to express Wholesale Jerseys how we feel in debate formats.''I loved the idea. It's basically giving me more of an idea to do research.''
Dawkins said the project created friendly bonds.
Although we debate, we are not enemies,'' he said.
Other students from Weaver's team were Nickia Miller, Nathan Gulley, Rashaunda Tyson and Calvin Johnson. Teacher Joyce Shepherd also helped, along with Sullivan.
The other students on Bulkeley's team were Sarah Phillips, Milca Rodriguez, Nikitas Meleounis, Jim Reed, Damaris Rodriguez and Dan McKinley. Besides Pegeas, teachers Kay Stark and Sal Basile assisted the students.
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The All India Charitable Society Pingalwara Charitable Society here will conduct free cochlear implant surgery for its deaf children and the needy at its Manawala centre. The surgery, which costs Rs 7 lakh (Rs 5 lakh for the implant and Rs 2 lakh for the operation), will be done free. “Our children at the deaf school will be the priority followed by the needy,” Pingalwara chaiperson Dr Inderjit Kaur said. She said the organisation will raise dona- tions for conducting the oper- ations. It has already bought machinery for audiology and speech therapy.
Noida-based ENT specialist Dr J.M. Hans will conduct the surgeries along with Dr Jagdeepak Singh, an ENT specialist from the local Government Medical College. “Dr Hans has spoken to Prime Minister Manmohan Singh’s wife Gursharan Kaur, who has asked him to go ahead with the project,” the chairperson said.
A cochlear implant (CI) is a surgically implanted electronic device that provides a sense of sound to a deaf person. While the Pingalwara has initiated hearing tests for newborns at its Manawala centre, they are making space for an operation theatre. “At present, there are vacant classrooms in our school complex, which will be converted into the operation theatre and will be functional with- in three months,” Dr Inderjit Kaur said. Pingalwara chief administrator Col Darshan Singh Bawa (retd) said the charity home will also rehabilitate children who undergo the surgery. “Since the deaf are not familiar with speaking, they have to be reha- bilitated for speech. We have procured machinery for audiology and speech therapy, which will help children learn speaking skills,” he added.
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Based on the concept that "the urge to contribute is a human instinct", to seek human ways of living and how they can be put into practice.
From Hisao Taki, Chairman and representative director
From Hisatake Kato, President
“HOMO CONTRIBUENS”
Thoughts on “Homo contribuens”
Held Homo Contribuens Colloquium (35th)
2016年12月12日 Colloquium
We held a colloquium on the theme “Japanese in Crisis” with a lecture by Dr. Tetsuo Yamaori, Professor Emeritus and Former President of International Research Center for Japanese Studies, on 13 November 2016.
Hisao Taki Gave a Lecture at Japan Future Leaders School
2016年8月3日 Lecture & Seminar
Hisao Taki, Chairman of this institute, gave a lecture on the theme “Let’s make what you have to do what you want to do!” for about 170 high school students who come from all over the country at Japan Future Leaders School on 26 July 2016.
2016年6月30日 Colloquium
We held a colloquium on the theme “How We, Japanese, should Associate with China” with a lecture by Mr. Yuji Miyamoto, Former Ambassador to China; Representative to Miyamoto Asia Research Institute, on 19 June 2016.
“Virtue Ethics: Basic Readings” Has Been Appraised in the journal Misuzu
2016年2月1日 Others
“Virtue Ethics: Basic Readings” published the other day was appraised as one of the most impressive five books in 2015 by Keiichi Noe, Philosopher, Professor Emeritus of Tohoku University, in the journal Misuzu, January and February 2016 edition.
Held Homo Contribuens Colloquium (33rd)
We held a colloquium on the theme “Upcoming Hydrogen Society – Technology Revolution and Globalism” with a lecture by Dr. Ken Okazaki, Professor Emeritus and Distinguished Professor of Tokyo Institute of Technology, on 15 November 2015.
Hisao Taki Gave a Lecture at Contribution Engineering Course, Keio University
2015年11月12日 Lecture & Seminar
Hisao Taki, Chairman of this institute, gave a lecture on the theme “The urge to contribute is a human instinct” for about 150 students at Contribution Engineering Course, Keio University, on 11 November 2015.
Published “Virtue Ethics: Basic Readings” in Japanese
2015年11月1日 Publication
“Virtue Ethics: Basic Readings (Toku-rinri Gaku Kihon Ronbun-shu)” edited and its translation supervised by Hisatake Kato, President of this institute, together with Satoshi Kodama, Associate Professor of Kyoto University, was published. Contents; Philippa Ruth Foot, Nietzche: The Revaluation of Values Michael Stocker, The Schizuophrenia of Modern Ethical Theories Philippa Ruth Foot, Virtues and Vices Susan Wolf, …
Held Homo Contribuens Colloquium (32nd)
We held a colloquium on the theme “Amazing Applied Mathematics and Physics which Changes Our Lives (Kurashi wo Kaeru Odoroki no Suuri-kougaku)” with a lecture by Dr. Kazuyuki Aihara, Director of this institute; Professor of The University of Tokyo, on 21 June 2015.
Held Homo Contribuens Colloquium (31st)
2014年12月1日 Colloquium
We held a colloquium on the theme “Establishment and Development of Human Welfare Sciences” with a lecture by Dr. Kimiko Murofushi, Professor Emeritus of Ochanomizu University, on 30 November 2014.
We held a colloquium on the theme “Buddhism Views of Nature” with a lecture by Dr. Makio Takemura, Councilor of this institute; President of Toyo University, on 15 June 2014.
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Lecture & Seminar
HOMO CONTRIBUENS RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTE
Copyright © HOMO CONTRIBUENS RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTE All Rights Reserved.
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Aims & Scopes
Call for Paper: Special Issue on Covid-19 Pandemic
References Guideline
Principles of Publishing Ethics
Ethical Codes: Medical Research
Ethical Code: Psychologic Study
Policies of Peer Review
Health in Emergencies and Disasters
Health in Emergencies and Disasters quarterly (HEDQ) as a member of Negah Journals, published by Negah Institute for Scientific Communication, is committed to apply ethics of publication, based on the COPE’s Code of Conduct and Best Practices. You may find the journal’s code of publication ethics, here.
International Standards for Authors and Editors
Health in Emergencies and Disasters quarterly is committed to follow and apply International Standards for Authors and Editors of Committee on Publication Ethics in designing and leading the Journal’s reviewing and publishing process and dealing with their issues. You may find the International Standards for Authors, here. Also, you may find the International Standards for Editors, here.
Authorship and Acknowledgements:
Authors submitting a paper confirm that the understanding that the manuscript have been read and approved by all authors and that all authors agree to the submission of the manuscript to the Journal. Health in Emergencies and Disasters quarterly adheres to the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) recommends that authorship be based on the following 4 criteria:
Substantial contributions to the conception or design of the work; or the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data for the work; AND
Drafting the work or revising it critically for important intellectual content; AND
Final approval of the version to be published; AND
Agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved.
It is a requirement that all authors have been accredited as appropriate upon submission of the manuscript. Contributors who do not qualify as authors should be mentioned under Acknowledgements.
Under acknowledgements please specify contributors to the article other than the authors accredited. Health in Emergencies and Disasters quarterly requires that all sources of institutional, private and corporate financial support for the work within the manuscript must be fully acknowledged, and any potential conflicts of interest noted. Grant or contribution numbers may be acknowledged, and principal grant holders should be listed. Acknowledgments should be brief and should not include thanks to anonymous referees and editors.
Ethical Approvals:
Experimentation involving human subjects will only be published if such research has been conducted in full accordance with ethical principles, including the World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki (version, 2002www.wma.net/e/policy/b3.htm) and the additional requirements, if any, of the country where the research has been carried out. Manuscripts must be accompanied by a statement that the experiments were undertaken with the understanding and written consent of each subject and according to the above mentioned principles. A statement regarding the fact that the study has been independently reviewed and approved by an ethical board should also be included. Editors reserve the right to reject papers if there are doubts as to whether appropriate procedures have been used. The authors should obtain code of ethics from Ethical committee. Also for protection of human subjects in research projects, criteria for IRB should be under consideration.
Conflict of Interest and Source of Funding:
Health in Emergencies and Disasters quarterly requires that all sources of institutional, private and corporate financial support for the work within the manuscript must be fully declared , and any potential conflicts of interest noted. Grant or contribution code may be acknowledged, and principal grant holders should be listed. Please include this information under Acknowledgements.
Appeal of Decision:
The decision on a paper is final and cannot be appealed.
If all or parts of previously published illustrations are used permission must be obtained from the copyright holder concerned. In most cases, this will be the original publisher of the material. It is the author's responsibility to obtain these in writing and provide copies to the Publishers.
COPE’s Guidelines & Flowcharts
Health in Emergencies and Disasters quarterly is committed to follow and apply guidelines and flowcharts of Committee on Publication Ethics in its reviewing and publishing process and issues. For more information, please click here.
COPE’s Code of Conduct and Best Practices
1. Editors
Chief Editors is accountable for everything published in the journal. This means the editors
1.1 strive to meet the needs of readers and authors;
1.2 strive to constantly improve their journal;
1.3 have processes in place to assure the quality of the material they publish;
1.4 champion freedom of expression;
1.5 maintain the integrity of the academic record;
1.6 preclude business needs from compromising intellectual and ethical standards;
1.7 always be willing to publish corrections, clarifications, retractions and apologies when needed.
Best Practice for Editors would include
actively seeking the views of authors, readers, reviewers and editorial board members about ways of improving their journal’s processes
encouraging and being aware of research into peer review and publishing and reassessing their journal’s processes in the light of new findings
supporting initiatives designed to reduce research and publication misconduct
supporting initiatives to educate researchers about publication ethics
assessing the effects of their journal policies on author and reviewer behavior and revising policies, as required, to encourage responsible behavior and discourage misconduct
ensuring that any press releases issued by their journal reflect the message of the reported article and put it into context.
2. Readers
2.1 Readers should be informed about who has funded research or other scholarly work and whether the funders had any role in the research and its publication and, if so, what this was.
Best practice for editors would include:
ensuring that all published reports and reviews of research have been reviewed by suitably qualified reviewers including statistical review.
ensuring that non-peer-reviewed sections of their journal are clearly identified
adopting processes that encourage accuracy, completeness and clarity of research reporting including technical editing and the use of appropriate guidelines and checklists
considering developing a transparency policy to encourage maximum disclosure about the provenance of non-research articles
adopting authorship or contributorship systems that promote good practice (i.e. so that listings accurately reflect who did the work) and discourage misconduct (e.g. ghost and guest authors)
3. informing readers about steps taken to ensure that submissions from members of the journal’s staff or editorial board receive an objective and unbiased evaluation
4. Relations with authors
4.1 Editors’ decisions to accept or reject a paper for publication should be based on the paper’s importance, originality and clarity, and the study’s validity and its relevance to the remit of the journal.
4.2 Editors should not reverse decisions to accept submissions unless serious problems are identified with the submission.
4.3 New editors should not overturn decisions to publish submissions made by the previous editor unless serious problems are identified.
4.4 A description of peer review processes should be published, and editors should be ready to justify any important deviation from the described processes.
4.5 Journals should have a declared mechanism for authors to appeal against editorial decisions.
4.6 Editors should publish guidance to authors on everything that is expected of them. This guidance should be regularly updated and should refer or link to this code.
4.7 Editors should provide guidance about criteria for authorship and/or who should be listed as a contributor following the standards within the relevant field.
reviewing author instructions regularly and providing links to relevant guidelines
publishing relevant competing interests for all contributors and publishing corrections if competing interests are revealed after publication
ensuring that appropriate reviewers are selected for submissions (i.e. individuals who are able to judge the work and are free from disqualifying competing interests)
respecting requests from authors that an individual should not review their submission, if these are well-reasoned and practicable
publishing details of how they handle cases of suspected misconduct
publishing submission and acceptance dates for articles
5. Relations with reviewers
5.1 Editors should provide guidance to reviewers on everything that is expected of them including the need to handle submitted material in confidence. This guidance should be regularly updated and should refer or link to this code.
5.2 Editors should require reviewers to disclose any potential competing interests before agreeing to review a submission.
5.3 Editors should have systems to ensure that peer reviewers’ identities are protected unless they use an open review system that is declared to authors and reviewers.
encouraging reviewers to comment on ethical questions and possible research and publication misconduct raised by submissions (e.g. unethical research design, insufficient detail on patient consent or protection of research subjects (including animals), inappropriate data manipulation and presentation)
encouraging reviewers to comment on the originality of submissions and to be alert to redundant publication and plagiarism
considering providing reviewers with tools to detect related publications (e.g. links to cited references and bibliographic searches)
sending reviewers’ comments to authors in their entirety unless they contain offensive or libelous remarks
seeking to acknowledge the contribution of reviewers to the journal
encouraging academic institutions to recognize peer review activities as part of the scholarly process
monitoring the performance of peer reviewers and taking steps to ensure this is of high standard
developing and maintaining a database of suitable reviewers and updating this on the basis of reviewer performance
ceasing to use reviewers who consistently produce discourteous, poor quality or late reviews
ensuring that the reviewer database reflects the community for their journal and adding new reviewers as needed
using a wide range of sources (not just personal contacts) to identify potential new reviewers (e.g. author suggestions, bibliographic databases)
following the COPE flowchart in cases of suspected reviewer misconduct
6. Relations with editorial board members
6.1 Editors should provide new editorial board members with guidelines on everything that is expected of them and should keep existing members updated on new policies and developments.
having policies in place for handling submissions from editorial board members to ensure unbiased review
identifying suitably qualified editorial board members who can actively contribute to the development and good management of the journal
regularly reviewing the composition of the editorial board
providing clear guidance to editorial board members about their expected functions and duties, which might include:
acting as ambassadors for the journal
supporting and promoting the journal
seeking out the best authors and best work (e.g. from meeting abstracts) and actively encouraging submissions
reviewing submissions to the journal
accepting commissions to write editorials, reviews and commentaries on papers in their specialist area
attending and contributing to editorial board meetings
consulting editorial board members periodically (e.g. once a year) to gauge their opinions about the running of the journal, informing them of any changes to journal policies and identifying future challenge
7. Relations with Negah Publisher
7.1 The relationship of editors to Negah Publisher and the owner is based firmly on the principle of editorial independence.
7.2 Editors should make decisions on which articles to publish based on quality and suitability for the journal and without interference from Negah Publisher.
7.3 Editors have a written contract(s) setting out their relationship with Negah Publisher.
7.4 The terms of this contract is in line with the COPE Code of Conduct for Journal Editors.
communicating regularly with Negah Publisher
8. Editorial and peer review processes
8.1 Editors should strive to ensure that peer review at their journal is fair, unbiased and timely.
8.2 Editors should have systems to ensure that material submitted to their journal remains confidential while under review.
ensuring that people involved with the editorial process (including themselves) receive adequate training and keep abreast of the latest guidelines, recommendations and evidence about peer review and journal management
keeping informed about research into peer review and technological advances
adopting peer review methods best suited for their journal and the research community it serves
reviewing peer review practices periodically to see if improvement is possible
referring troubling cases to COPE, especially when questions arise that are not addressed by the COPE flowcharts, or new types of publication misconduct are suspected
considering the appointment of an ombudsperson to adjudicate in complaints that cannot be resolved internally
9. Quality assurance
9.1 Editors should take all reasonable steps to ensure the quality of the material they publish, recognizing that journals and sections within journals will have different aims and standards.
having systems in place to detect falsified data (e.g. inappropriately manipulated photographic images or plagiarised text) either for routine use or when suspicions are raised
basing decisions about journal house style on relevant evidence of factors that raise the quality of reporting (e.g. adopting structured abstracts, applying guidance) rather than simply on aesthetic grounds or personal preference
10. Protecting individual data
10.1 Editors must obey laws on confidentiality in their own jurisdiction. Regardless of local statutes, however, they should always protect the confidentiality of individual information obtained in the course of research or professional interactions. It is therefore almost always necessary to obtain written informed consent for publication from people who might recognize themselves or be identified by others (e.g. from case reports or photographs). It may be possible to publish individual information without explicit consent if public interest considerations outweigh possible harms, it is impossible to obtain consent and a reasonable individual would be unlikely to object to publication.
publishing their policy on publishing individual data (e.g. identifiable personal details or images) and explaining this clearly to authors
Note that consent to take part in research or undergo treatment is not the same as consent to publish personal details, images or quotations.
11. Encouraging ethical research (e.g. research involving humans or animals)
11.1 Editors should endeavour to ensure that research they publish was carried out according to the relevant internationally Declaration of Helsinki for clinical research, and the AERA and BERA guidelines for educational research.
11.2 Editors should seek assurances that all research has been approved by an appropriate body (e.g. research ethics committee, institutional review board) where one exists. However, editors should recognize that such approval does not guarantee that the research is ethical.
being prepared to request evidence of ethical research approval and to question authors about ethical aspects (such as how research participant consent was obtained or what methods were employed to minimize animal suffering) if concerns are raised or clarifications are needed
ensuring that reports of clinical trials cite compliance with the Declaration of Helsinki, Good Clinical Practice.
appointing a journal ethics advisor or panel to advise on specific cases and review journal policies periodically
12. Dealing with possible misconduct
12.1 Editors have a duty to act if they suspect misconduct or if an allegation of misconduct is brought to them. This duty extends to both published and unpublished papers.
12.2 Editors should not simply reject papers that raise concerns about possible misconduct. They are ethically obliged to pursue alleged cases.
12.3 Editors should follow the COPE flowcharts where applicable.
12.4 Editors should first seek a response from those suspected of misconduct. If they are not satisfied with the response, they should ask the relevant employers, or institution, or some appropriate body (perhaps a regulatory body or national research integrity organization) to investigate.
12.5 Editors should make all reasonable efforts to ensure that a proper investigation into alleged misconduct is conducted; if this does not happen, editors should make all reasonable attempts to persist in obtaining a resolution to the problem. This is an onerous but important duty.
13. Ensuring the integrity of the academic record
13.1 Errors, inaccurate or misleading statements must be corrected promptly and with due prominence.
13.2 Editors should follow the COPE guidelines on retractions.
taking steps to reduce covert redundant publication (e.g. by requiring all clinical trials to be registered)
ensuring that published material is securely archived (e.g. via online permanent repositories, such as PubMed Central)
having systems in place to give authors the opportunity to make original research articles freely available
14. Intellectual property
14.1 Editors should be alert to intellectual property issues and work with Negah Publisher to handle potential breaches of intellectual property laws and conventions.
adopting systems for detecting plagiarism (e.g. software, searching for similar titles) in submitted items (either routinely or when suspicions are raised)
supporting authors whose copyright has been breached or who have been the victims of plagiarism
being prepared to work with Negah Publisher to defend authors’ rights and pursue offenders (e.g. by requesting retractions or removal of material from websites) irrespective of whether their journal holds the copyright
15. Encouraging debate
15.1 Editors should encourage and be willing to consider cogent criticisms of work published in their journal.
15.2 Authors of criticized material should be given the opportunity to respond.
15.3 Studies reporting negative results should not be excluded.
being open to research that challenges previous work published in the journal
16.1 Editors should respond promptly to complaints and should ensure there is a way for dissatisfied complainants to take complaints further. This mechanism should be made clear in the journal and should include information on how to refer unresolved matters to COPE.
16.2 Editors should follow the procedure set out in the COPE flowchart on complaints.
17. Commercial considerations
17.1 Journals should have policies and systems in place to ensure that commercial considerations do not affect editorial decisions (e.g. advertising departments should operate independently from editorial departments).
17.2 Editors should have declared policies on advertising in relation to the content of the journal and on processes for publishing sponsored supplements.
17.3 Reprints should be published as they appear in the journal unless a correction needs to be included in which case it should be clearly identified.
publishing a general description of their journal’s income sources (e.g. the proportions received from display advertising, reprint sales, sponsored supplements, page charges, etc.)
ensuring that the peer review process for sponsored supplements is the same as that used for the main journal
ensuring that items in sponsored supplements are accepted solely on the basis of academic merit and interest to readers and decisions about such supplements are not influenced by commercial considerations
18.1 Editors should use ICMJE form and procedure for managing the conflicts of interest issues.
18.2 Journals should have a declared process for handling submissions from the editors, employees or members of the editorial board to ensure unbiased review.
19. Plagiarism
(Based on recommendations on publication Ethics Policies for Medical Journals, prepared by the WAME Publication Ethics Committee)
Plagiarism is the use of others' published and unpublished ideas or words (or other intellectual property) without attribution or permission, and presenting them as new and original rather than derived from an existing source. The intent and effect of plagiarism is to mislead the reader as to the contributions of the plagiarizer. This applies whether the ideas or words are taken from abstracts, research grant applications, Institutional Review Board applications, or unpublished or published manuscripts in any publication format (print or electronic).
Self-plagiarism refers to the practice of an author using portions of their previous writings on the same topic in another of their publications, without specifically citing it formally in quotes. This practice is widespread and sometimes unintentional, as there are only so many ways to say the same thing on many occasions, particularly when writing the Methods section of an article. Although this usually violates the copyright that has been assigned to the publisher, there is no consensus as to whether this is a form of scientific misconduct, or how many of one's own words one can use before it is truly "plagiarism." Probably for this reason self-plagiarism is not regarded in the same light as plagiarism of the ideas and words of other individuals.
All articles submitted will be checked using the iThenticate plagiarism detection software and Samim Noor and Hamtajoo, Farsi plagiarism detection software (for Persian Papers).
A specific process is followed to manage a case of plagiarism. Negah Journals follows the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE)'s guidelines presented in the following flowcharts:
Suspected plagiarism in a submitted manuscript (PDF)
Suspected plagiarism in a published manuscript (PDF)
For other plagiarism issues and scientific misconduct, Negah journals apply the COPE Guidance on Plagiarism Cases.
We detect and consider the following types of plagiarism in the journal and prevent them to be used:
Full Plagiarism: Previously published content without any changes to the text, idea, and grammar is considered as full plagiarism. It involves presenting exact text from a source as one’s own.
Partial Plagiarism: If content is a mixture from multiple different sources, where the author has extensively rephrased text, then it is known as partial plagiarism.
Self-Plagiarism: When an author reuses complete or portions of their pre-published research, then it is known as self-plagiarism. Complete self-plagiarism is a case when an author republishes their own previously published work in a new journal. (Read the COPE guidelines on text recycling)
Self-plagiarism or Text Recycling Guidelines
(Based on COPE's guideline: Text recycling guidelines for editors)
Self-plagiarism, also referred to as ‘text recycling’, is a topical issue and is currently generating much discussion among editors. Opinions are divided as to how much text overlap with an author’s own previous publications is acceptable, and editors often find it hard to judge when action is required.
How to deal with text recycling
These guidelines are intended to guide editors in dealing with cases of text recycling. Text recycling, also known as self-plagiarism, is when sections of the same text appear in more than one of an author’s own publications.
Editors should consider each case of text recycling on an individual basis as the most appropriate course of action will depend on a number of factors.
When should action be considered?
Text recycling can take many forms, and editors should consider which parts of the text have been recycled.
Duplication of data is likely to always be considered serious (and should be dealt with according to the COPE guidelines for duplicate publications [1,2].
Use of similar or identical phrases in methods sections where there are limited ways to describe a common method, however, is not uncommon. In such cases, an element of text recycling is likely to be unavoidable in further publications using the same method. Editors should use their discretion when deciding how much overlap of methods text is acceptable, considering factors such as whether authors have been transparent and stated that the methods have already been described in detail elsewhere and provided a citation.
Duplication of background ideas in the introduction may be considered less significant than duplication of the hypothesis, discussion, or conclusions.
When significant overlap is identified between two or more articles, editors should consider taking action. Several factors may need to be taken into account when deciding whether the overlap is considered significant.
Text recycling in a submitted manuscript
Text recycling may be identified in a submitted article by editors or reviewers, or by the use of plagiarism detection software, e.g. CrossCheck. Editors should consider the extent of the overlap when deciding how to act.
Where overlap is considered to be minor, authors may be asked to re-write overlapping sections, and cite their previous article(s).
More significant overlap may result in rejection of the manuscript.
Where the overlap includes data, Editors should handle cases according to the COPE flowchart for dealing with suspected redundant publication in a submitted manuscript [1].
Text recycling in a published article
If text recycling is discovered in a published article, it may be necessary to publish a correction to, or retraction of, the original article. This decision will depend on the degree and nature of the overlap, and several factors will need to be considered. As for text recycling in a submitted manuscript, editors should handle cases of overlap in data according to the COPE flowchart for dealing with suspected redundant publication in a published article [2].
Journal editors should consider publishing a correction article when:
Sections of the text, generally excluding methods, are identical or near identical to a previous publication by the same author(s);
The original publication is not referenced in the subsequent publication; but
There is still sufficient new material in the article to justify its publication.
The correction should amend the literature by adding the missing citation and clarifying what is new in the subsequent publication versus the original publication.
Journal editors should consider publishing a retraction article when:
There is significant overlap in the text, generally excluding methods, with sections that are identical or near identical to a previous publication by the same author(s);
The recycled text reports previously published data and there is insufficient new material in the article to justify its publication in light of the previous publication(s).
The recycled text forms the major part of the discussion or conclusion in the article.
The overlap breaches copyright.
The retraction should be issued in line with the COPE retraction guidelines [3].
How far back should this be applied?
Attitudes towards text recycling have changed over the past decade. Editors should consider this when deciding how to deal with individual cases of text recycling in published articles. Editors should judge each case in line with accepted practice at the time of publication.
In general, where overlap does not involve duplication of results, editors are advised to consider taking no corrective action for cases where the text recycling occurred earlier than 2004. Editors may wish to take corrective action in the case of duplication of data prior to this date and should follow the COPE flowchart for dealing with suspected redundant publication in a published article [2].
Opinion, Review and Commentary articles
Non-research article types such as Opinion, Review and Commentary articles should in principle adhere to the same guidelines as research articles. Due to the critical and opinion-based nature of some non-research article types, action should be considered when text is recycled from an earlier publication without any further novel development of previously published opinions or ideas or when they are presented as novel without any reference to previous publications.
References/further reading
1. COPE flowchart for suspected redundant publication in a submitted manuscript http://publicationethics.org/files/u2/01A_Redundant_Submitted.pdf
2. COPE flowchart for suspected redundant publication in a published article http://publicationethics.org/files/u2/01B_Redundant_Published.pdf
3. COPE guidelines for retracting articles https://publicationethics.org/files/retraction-guidelines.pdf
Health in Emergencies and Disasters Quarterly
Health in Emergencies & Disasters Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Evin, Kudakyar Ave, Tehran, Iran.
Journal Tel: +9821 22180082-93 (2829)
Publisher Tel: +9821 8603 6497 - 8603 7228
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Inside Energy (http://insideenergy.org/2016/03/07/inside-energy-reads-what-happened-to-nrg-energy/)
Inside Energy News
Inside Energy Reads: What Happened To NRG Energy?
By Alisa Barba | March 7, 2016
More on Inside Energy News
Subscribe to Inside Energy News
Utilities are usually faceless, anonymous. They are so successful at supplying us with our electricity needs, that we generally know little about them and care even less. NRG Energy Inc. was different. The company is the nation’s largest independent power producer and it stood out from the rest of the pack as a innovative green energy crusader.
But last month, after ousting longtime CEO David Crane, NRG announced a major shift away from renewables and back to fossil fuel generation. A $6 billion dollar loss in the fourth quarter of 2015 helps explain why. The EnergyWire team explains further in a story entitled, “Why NRG’s Green Crusade Faltered.”
EnergyWire’s story is a fascinating tale of a mega-utility with outsized dreams, trying to compete in a startup culture and, ultimately, being forced to go back to its roots.
While all utilities are feeling the pressure to move away from coal and other CO2 emitting fuels, NRG was moving quicker than most, ultimately challenging its traditional utility corporate structure. As EnergyWire put it:
At NRG, the gap between the deeply rooted fossil fuel generation business and Crane’s galloping clean energy aspirations widened into a chasm.
Essentially David Crane’s green dreams pitted part of the company – renewables – against its fossil fuel backbone. Crane’s insistence that solar and renewables were the future began to alienate employees whose jobs were threatened by that change.
And beyond a green dream, Crane was trying to create something new all together:
In 2014, Crane published a manifesto of sorts that staked out new territory for NRG. Titled “Where is the Amazon, Apple and Google of the Utility Sector?” it outlined his plan to create an energy company unlike any the world had seen.
But, as EnergyWire reports, NRG was not a startup, was not nimble enough to manage the transition or resilient enough to hold out when stock prices tumbled and investors rebelled.
In the end, in the struggle to win the “energy business of tomorrow,” NRG couldn’t win. EnergyWire writes that utilities have the size to make the change, but not the will or the smarts. Startups get the solution but don’t have the size. Steve McBee, who ran NRG’s Home division and resigned in January, said the winner of this race will “probably be built by a company that you’ve never heard of, or a company that may not even exist yet today.”
Part 2 of EnergyWire‘s story on NRG and David Crane can be found here.
We are increasingly reliant on electricity, supplied by the grid, for every aspect of modern life. The infrastructure is dated and challenged by increasing power needs, new modes of power generation as well as cyber attacks and solar storms. Inside Energy has launched a multi-part investigative series exploring what’s wrong with the grid and what needs to be done to meet 21st century power needs.
NRG Energy
About Alisa Barba
Alisa Barba is Inside Energy's Executive Editor. She worked for NPR as a regional bureau chief for 12 years and also edited Fronteras, a public radio collaboration along the southwest border.
More by Alisa
Gridlocked: Outside/In Podcast
What if everything you thought you knew about energy was exactly backwards? What if the way that we currently do electricity is actually the most expensive option, and all of that fancy “clean-tech” and “green-tech” actually the cheapest option? Listen to the Outside/In podcast episode GRIDLOCKED for answers.
As Coal Mining Continues, What Does Bankruptcy Mean On The Ground?
Watch the Documentary 'Feasting on Fuel'
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