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The dataset generation failed
Error code: DatasetGenerationError
Exception: ArrowInvalid
Message: JSON parse error: Missing a closing quotation mark in string. in row 37
Traceback: Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/packaged_modules/json/json.py", line 145, in _generate_tables
dataset = json.load(f)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/json/__init__.py", line 293, in load
return loads(fp.read(),
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/json/__init__.py", line 346, in loads
return _default_decoder.decode(s)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/json/decoder.py", line 340, in decode
raise JSONDecodeError("Extra data", s, end)
json.decoder.JSONDecodeError: Extra data: line 2 column 1 (char 2950)
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1995, in _prepare_split_single
for _, table in generator:
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/packaged_modules/json/json.py", line 148, in _generate_tables
raise e
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/packaged_modules/json/json.py", line 122, in _generate_tables
pa_table = paj.read_json(
File "pyarrow/_json.pyx", line 308, in pyarrow._json.read_json
File "pyarrow/error.pxi", line 154, in pyarrow.lib.pyarrow_internal_check_status
File "pyarrow/error.pxi", line 91, in pyarrow.lib.check_status
pyarrow.lib.ArrowInvalid: JSON parse error: Missing a closing quotation mark in string. in row 37
The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/job_runners/config/parquet_and_info.py", line 1529, in compute_config_parquet_and_info_response
parquet_operations = convert_to_parquet(builder)
File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/job_runners/config/parquet_and_info.py", line 1154, in convert_to_parquet
builder.download_and_prepare(
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1027, in download_and_prepare
self._download_and_prepare(
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1122, in _download_and_prepare
self._prepare_split(split_generator, **prepare_split_kwargs)
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1882, in _prepare_split
for job_id, done, content in self._prepare_split_single(
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 2038, in _prepare_split_single
raise DatasetGenerationError("An error occurred while generating the dataset") from e
datasets.exceptions.DatasetGenerationError: An error occurred while generating the datasetNeed help to make the dataset viewer work? Make sure to review how to configure the dataset viewer, and open a discussion for direct support.
pred_label
string | pred_label_prob
float64 | wiki_prob
float64 | text
string | source
string |
|---|---|---|---|---|
__label__wiki
| 0.841081
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A Dutch court refused Monday to ban a political party whose main goal is to lower the age of sexual consent from 16 to 12. The judge said it was the voters' right to judge the appeal of political parties.
The party has only three known members, one of whom was convicted of molesting an 11-year-old boy in 1987. Widely dubbed the "pedophile" party, it is unlikely ever to win a seat in parliament. The group would need around 60,000 votes, and pollsters estimate it would get fewer than 1,000.
Opponents had asked The Hague District Court to bar the party from registering for national elections in November, arguing that children have the right not to be confronted with the party's platform.
"Freedom of expression, freedom ... of association, including the freedom to set up a political party, can be seen as the basis for a democratic society," Judge H. Hofhuis said in his ruling.
"These freedoms give citizens the opportunity to, for example, use a political party to appeal for change to the constitution, law, or policy."
He noted that the PNVD party, the Dutch abbreviation of Brotherly Love, Freedom and Diversity, had not committed a crime, but was calling for a change in the law.
"It is the right of the voter to judge the appeal of political parties," he said.
The party sparked outrage when it proclaimed its existence in late May, but prosecutors declined to prosecute its members as a threat to public order.
"We expected this result," said party treasurer Ad van den Berg, 62. "We are not doing anything illegal so there is no reason to ban us."
Van den Berg was fined and given a suspended prison sentence for molesting an 11-year-old boy in 1987. After his background became known last month, he was chased from the trailer park where he lived in the city of Oostvoorne.
Anke de Wijn, an attorney representing the party's opponents, said the group was abusing Dutch tolerance.
"Victims feel hurt by the wish of pedophiles to make their desires known in public," De Wijn said. "There are few limitations on free speech, and that's good, but this group is making misuse of the privilege, to provoke."
The PNVD's known members were a president, a secretary and a treasurer, as required under Dutch law. In order to stand in elections scheduled for Nov. 22, it will have to submit a list of candidates and the signatures of at least 30 supporters to get on the ballot in any one of the country's 19 voting districts.
Ireen van Engelen of the Solace Foundation, which researches pedophilia, said the party likely would fail to register for the elections because pedophiles seek anonymity.
"They will never want to connect their name to the party and without the signatures they can't go in the elections," she said.
Posted by Hellpig at 5:49 PM
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Prince hussein engagement. “The Royal Hashemite Court extends its sincere congratulations to Their Majesties on this occasion, and wishes His Royal Highness Crown Prince Al Hussein bin Abdullah II and Ms Rajwa a . Rajwa This week, the engagement of Jordan's Crown Prince Hussein bin Abdullah and Rajwa Al Saif was announced, with a series of celebratory photos released to mark the news. Rajwa’s father, in the Saudi capital . Jordan on Wednesday announced the engagement of the country’s Crown Prince Hussein bin Abdullah to Saudi . The celebration spirit in Jordan continues! Around six weeks after the engagement of Princess Iman bint Abdullah, 25, Queen Rania, 51, and King Abdullah II bin al-Hussein, 60, can now announce the engagement of their eldest son Prince Hussein, 28. December 21, 2018 at 12:43 pm. Prince Charles and Diana are married on July 29, 1981, at St. The statement concluded by saying, "The Royal Hashemite Court, as it congratulates their Majesties on this happy occasion, wishes His Royal Highness Prince Hussein Bin Abdullah, the Crown Prince, and Ms. July 06, 2022 11:33 AM EDT. It will mark the first time that Prince Edward, 58, and Sophie, 57, go to . webdesk. 1 hour ago · Tennant, who is known formally as Lady Glenconner, was a bridesmaid at the Queen's wedding to Prince Philip in 1947 and also served as Princess Margaret's lady-in-waiting, a non-salaried role . 24 janvier 1999 : Son père, le roi RM 2J231HG – London, UK. The celebrations took place at the Al-saif’s father’s home in Riyadh, in the presence of Jordan’s RIYADH: Jordan’s royal court on Wednesday announced the engagement of the country’s Crown Prince Hussein bin Abdullah to Saudi national Rajwa Khaled bin Musaed bin Saif bin Abdulaziz Al-Saif. The Royal Palace announced the engagement of Crown Prince Al Hussein to Saudi Arabian Rajwa Khaled on Elizabeth Hoag, who has adopted the name Fareen upon embracing Islam, holds a Master's degree in Mental Health Counselling, and has worked in private practice, specialising in issues of Obsessive Compulsive Saudi Arabia's Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman has sent his congratulations to Jordan’s Crown Prince Al Hussein bin Abdullah II on his engagement to Saudi national Rajwa Khaled bin Musaed bin . The engagement took place Wednesday at the home of Rajwa's father in the Saudi capital of Riyadh, according to Prince Hussein's website. The 28-year-old, who has already been compared to the Duchess of Cambridge by royal fans, looked striking . Biographie de Abdallah II. Ms Al Saif, 28, is August 17, 2022 at 4:12 pm by Marengo. Diana told of a lonely existence in her married life to Prince Charles in audio tapes aired by the U. 21 hours ago · Six months after their wedding, Prince Charles and Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall attended a banquet for the Norwegian royal family marking 100 years of Norway's independence from Sweden at . " Charles ended his affair with Camilla following his and Diana's engagement, but her presence still loomed large in the newlyweds' relationship. From learning who designed Kate Anwar Hussein/Getty Images Their July 1981 nuptials became known as the "wedding of the century. (Twitter) “I didn’t think it was possible to hold so much joy in my heart! Congratulations . Jordan’s Crown Prince Hussein engagement announces engagement to beautiful America-educated Saudi national, On August. World wide Ismaili murids are all rejoicing on this happy occasion which comes soon after Mawlana Hazar Imam’s Diamond ♦️ Jubilee. Mubarak to Hazar Imam Shah Karim and Noorani family on the happiest occasion of the engagement of Prince Hussain with Miss Elizabeth Hoag. openresty 21 hours ago · Watched by millions, Prince William and Kate Middleton’s wedding day back in April 2011 is an unforgettable moment in British royal history. Crown Prince Hussein of Jordan is grateful for the support and kind wishes he’s received following his engagement to Rajwa Al Saif. Anwar Hussein/Getty . The Jordanian Royal Hashemite Court announced the engagement of Crown Prince Al Hussein to Rajwa Al Saif. PARIS, France - The Jordanian Royal Court on Wednesday announced the engagement of Jordan's Crown Prince Al Hussein Abdullaj II to Saudi national Rajwa Khaled bin Musaed Bin Saif Abdulaziz Al Saif. Des milliers de Jordaniens ont bordé les rues d'Amman pour encourager le prince héritier Hamzah bin al Hussein et sa femme la princesse Noor, qui s'est officiellement mariée jeudi. A Prince Harry and Meghan Markle series officially coming to Netflix—and now we know when. Télécharger cette image : Le prince héritier de Jordanie Hamzeh bin al Hussein marche avec sa mariée la princesse Noor à leur mariage au Palais Zahran à Amman le 27 mai 2004. Prince Hussein sported a dapper navy blue suit and tie, while his . About The Engagement Of Prince Hussein & Rajwa Khaled: King Abdullah II and Queen Rania, who are the parents of Hussein attended the ceremony. The son of Queen Rania and King Abdullah II of Jordan posted an August 19, 2022 by Alex Morgan. - 2D3KADB A Prince Harry and Meghan Markle series officially coming to Netflix—and now we know when. London, UK. 17th on the Crown Prince Hussein of Jordan is grateful for the support and kind wishes he’s received following his engagement to Rajwa Al Saif. Director of professional development, community engagement and outreach center at Al Hussein Technical University . Thursday, 18th August 2022, 5:04 pm. 28 juin 1994 : Naissance de son premier enfant le prince Hussein à Amman. Jordan’s Crown Prince Hussein bin Abdullah is engaged to be married. The photo Crown Prince Hussein’s engagement to Rajwa Al Saif was announced via a Twitter post by the Royal Hashemite Court on Wednesday, August 17, 2022. Paul’s Cathedral. Dominic West and Elizabeth Debicki as Prince Charles and Princess Diana in season 5 of "The Crown. (Photo: @RHCJO/Twitter) Riyadh: The Jordanian Royal Court on Wednesday announced the engagement of the country’s Crown Prince Hussein bin Abdullah to Saudi citizen Rajwa Khaled bin Musaed bin Saif bin Abdulaziz Al-Saif. By Laura Andrew. August 19, 2022. The celebrations took place at the Al-saif’s father’s home in Riyadh, in the presence of Jordan’s Jordanian Royal Court announced the crown prince’s engagement on Wednesday. Anwar Hussein/Getty Images Their July 1981 nuptials became known as the "wedding of the century. Hussein, currently a Captain in the Jordanian Armed Forces, started his education in Jordan . Hussein is the eldest son of Queen Rania. Queen Rania ‘excited to welcome third daughter’ as her son Crown Prince Hussein of Jordan gets engaged to Rajwa Al Saif. - 2D3KADB 21 hours ago · Six months after their wedding, Prince Charles and Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall attended a banquet for the Norwegian royal family marking 100 years of Norway's independence from Sweden at . A day after announcing their engagement to the world, HRH Crown Prince Hussein and Rajwa Al Saif have released their first portrait as an official couple. This is among other things on twitter been announced. 10 juin 1993 : Mariage du prince Abdallah de Jordanie avec Rania Al-Yassin. 29th Mar, 2022. Prince Henry Charles Albert David of Wales marries Ms. Crown Prince Hussein has been the Heir to Prince Hussain was born on 10 April 1974, in Geneva, Switzerland. - 2D3KADB The Royal Hashemite Court of Jordan unveiled that Jordan’s Crown Prince Hussein bin Abdullah II is engaged to Rajwa Khaled Al-Saif, a citizen from Saudi Arabia. Hussein was the eldest among his siblings, three brothers and two sisters – Princess Asma, Prince Muhammad, Prince Queen Rania and King Abdullah, who wed in 1993, are also parents to Crown Prince Hussein, 28, Princess Salma, 21, and Prince Hashem, 17. August 17, 2022 at 4:12 pm by Marengo. 27 septembre 1996 : Naissance de sa première fille la princesse Iman à Amman. Prince Harrry, Duke of Sussex and Meghan, Duchess of Sussex depart Windsor Castle following their wedding on May 19, 2018 in Windsor, England. S. Jordan'sCrown Prince Hussein bin Abdullah II engagement, Riyadh17 August 2022 : 8 images - show all images. Jameel Alexander Thermiotis engaged in Amman, on July 05, 2022, in the presence of King Abdullah II and Queen Rania Al Abdullah, Crown Prince Al Hussein bin . Queen Rania and King Abdullah II of Jordan’s eldest child is getting married! The Royal Hashemite Court announced Crown Prince Hussein 21 hours ago · Watched by millions, Prince William and Kate Middleton’s wedding day back in April 2011 is an unforgettable moment in British royal history. Prince Edward and Sophie, Countess of Wessex have added an exciting highlight to their calendar! On Wednesday, Royal Variety announced that the royal couple will attend the charity's flagship event in December as the evening's guests of honor. " . The announcement was made by the Jordanian Royal Court on Wednesday. Ala’a Abdulla, joined Al Hussein Technical University, the university established by the Crown Prince Foundation, Alaa is working as a Director of the Professional Development, Community Engagement, and Outreach Center. There is reason to celebrate in the royal family of Jordan: 28-year-old Crown Prince Hussein has become engaged to his partner Rajwa Khaled bin Musaed bin Saif bin Abdulaziz Al Saif. رجوه آل سیف (متولد ۲۸ آوریل ۱۹۹۴) طراح لباس عربستانی است. During this time, he had to convince his mother, Queen Elizabeth II, to let him divorce Princess Diana. Her Majesty Queen Rania of Jordan has shared a heartwarming video from the engagement of Crown Prince Hussein to Rajwa Al Saif of August 17, 2022 3:48 PM EDT. Though amongst all these special Anwar Hussein/Getty Images Their July 1981 nuptials became known as the "wedding of the century. Hussein proposed at the home of Rajwa's father, with the Crown Prince's parents also in . According to the statement released by the court, the ceremony took place “at the home of Ms. The post Jordan’s Crown Prince Hussein's engagement to architect Rajwa Al Saif, first revealed on Wednesday, has been confirmed by the Royal Hashemite Court. Eng. The Jordanian royal family is celebrating Princess Iman ’s engagement! The royal’s mother, Queen Rania, and older brother, Crown Prince Hussein, congratulated the . Crown Prince Al Hussein is the eldest child of King Abdullah and Queen Rania. The Royal Hashemite Court announced the news of the pair’s engagement with a series of new photographs. The engagement of Jordan’s Crown Prince Al Hussein bin Abdullah II to Saudi national Rajwa al-Saif. On Wednesday August 17, the Royal Hashemite Court announced the engagement between Crown Prince Hussein and Ms Rajwa Khaled bin Musaed bin Saif bin Abdulaziz Al Saif. در ۱۷ اوت ۲۰۲۲، او برای ازدواج با حسین، ولیعهد اردن، نامزد شد. Jordan’s Crown Prince Hussein gets engaged to Saudi national. - 2D3KADB Prince Hussein puts on engagement ring on Rajwa's finger during engagement ceremony. Hussein bin Abdullah (Arabic: الحسين بن عبدالله, Al-Ḥusayn ibn ʿAbdullāh; born 28 June 1994) is Crown Prince of Jordan as the son of King Abdullah II. READ: Crown Prince Hussein's fiancée's engagement dress is mighty like Kate Middleton's. 301 Moved Permanently. Their engagement was announced by Queen Rania and the bride-to-be’s family in Riyadh. 21 hours ago · Watched by millions, Prince William and Kate Middleton’s wedding day back in April 2011 is an unforgettable moment in British royal history. The engagement ceremony took place in the presence of Jordan's King Abdullah II, Queen Rania al - Abdullah and the bride - to be's family in the Kingdom's capital A day after announcing their engagement to the world, HRH Crown Prince Hussein and Rajwa Al Saif have released their first portrait as an official couple. The Wedding of the Century. Looks like we have another royal wedding to look forward to! Princess Iman bint Abdullah II of Jordan is engaged to Jameel Alexander Thermiotis. مادر وی عضو خانواده السدیری است، خانواده حصه سدیری مادر سلمان بن عبدالعزیز آل سعود و نیز همسر مرحومش. - 2D3KADB . Hussein El-Sayed’s Post. A television audience of around 750 million people watch. According to Prince Hussein's website, the engagement took place Wednesday at Rajwa's family's home in Riyadh, in the presence of members of the royal family, including Hussein's parents, Queen . King Charles III was still Prince Charles in the '90s when The Crown season five takes place. QUEEN ELIZABETH II uses a walking stick as she leaves Westminster Abbey in Westminster following a Service of Thanksgiving for the life of Prince Philip, the Duke of Edinburgh. In 2004, he received a Master of International Affairs degree from Columbia’s School of International and Public . The celebrations took place at the Al-saif’s father’s home in Riyadh, in the presence of Jordan’s Crown Prince Hussein of Jordan is grateful for the support and kind wishes he’s received following his engagement to Rajwa Al Saif. Saudi Arabia's Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman has sent his congratulations to Jordan’s Crown Prince Al Hussein bin Abdullah II on his engagement to Saudi national Rajwa Khaled bin Musaed bin . Princess . On the occasion of the engagement, The Jordanian Royal Hashemite Queen Rania made the comment about her son's wedding date during a meeting with Shabab42 Foundation. The ceremony took place at the bride On the occasion of the engagement of Crown Prince Hussein and Rajwa Khaled, the Jordanian Royal Palace released new photos of the engagement ceremony of Crown Prince Hussein and Rajwa Khaled bin Musaed bin Saif bin Abdulaziz Al Saif. Sandhurst graduate Crown Prince Hussein of Jordan, 28, is set to wed Saudi Arabian-born Rajwa Al-Saif, also 28, after an engagement ceremony at the bride-to-be's family home in Riyadh. Though amongst all these special The Wedding of the Century. Prince Harry February 2021 Issue 1541. Â29/03/2022. 30 janvier 1962 : Naissance de Abdallah ben al-Hussein al-Hashem. Kate Middleton and Prince William at their 2011 wedding. . Please contact 020 7437 4017 in advance for reproduction permission and details of our charges. There’s double wedding joy in Jordan as King Abdullah and Queen Rania’s eldest child, Crown Prince Hussein, has announced his engagement. (Photo by Anwar Hussein/Getty Images) 29th July . Prince of Wales reveals he has two eggs for breakfast and white fish for dinner - and three cups of tea because 'the kids keep him up' . Britain's Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex and Meghan, Duchess of Sussex greet wellwishers on arrival in Chichester, West Sussex, southern England, on October 3, 2018 for an engagement at Edes House. August 17, 2022 3:48 PM EDT. In the caption, she writes, “I didn’t think it was possible to hold . King Abdullah II and Queen Rania of Jordan joined their elder son, 28-year-old Crown Prince Hussein, as he traveled to Riyadh for his engagement to Rajwa Khaled bin The Royal Hashemite Court announced the engagement in a statement on social media. The engagement ceremony took place at the home of Rajwa’s father in Riyadh on August 17. The photo posted on the 28-year-old Jordanian royal’s social media sees them dressed in smart, color-coordinated outfits. Cosmo's first wedding, to Lady Cosima Somerset, was . Queen Rania and King Abdullah II of Jordan’s eldest child is getting married! The Royal Hashemite Court announced Crown Prince Hussein ’s engagement to Rajwa . " Charles ended his affair with Camilla following his and Diana's Prince Hussein puts on engagement ring on Rajwa's finger during engagement ceremony. television network NBC on March 4, 2004. Details surrounding Harry and Meghan's Netflix show have long been shrouded in secrecy, with The Cut . 2 days ago · Prince William and Catherine welcomed South Africa's president at the Corinthia Hotel in London. The engagement took place in Riyadh, at the home of her father. Jordanian Royal Court announced the crown prince’s engagement on Wednesday. The Royal Hashemite Court made the announcement on 17 . (Twitter) “I didn’t think it was possible to hold so much joy in my heart! On the occasion of the engagement of Crown Prince Hussein and Rajwa Khaled, the Jordanian Royal Palace released new photos of the engagement ceremony of Crown Rajwa, 28, and her fiancé, Crown Prince Hussein of Jordan, stepped out for their first official royal duty as an engaged couple at the Royal Hashemite Court on Tuesday. “The Royal Hashemite Court is pleased to announce the engagement of His Royal Crown Prince Hussein, 28, announced his engagement to Rajwa Al-Saif on Wednesday, August 17. The Royal Hashemite Court of Jordan unveiled that Jordan’s Crown Prince Hussein bin Abdullah II is engaged to Rajwa Khaled Al-Saif, a citizen from Saudi Arabia. This Private Eye covers library has been transferred over from the website Ugandan Discussions. Get premium, high resolution news photos at Getty Images A Prince Harry and Meghan Markle series officially coming to Netflix—and now we know when. The Queen published the good news via Twitter. Al Said, who was born in Riyadh, and attended the College of Architecture at Syracuse University in New York, Roya . Hussein congratulated his younger sister on Instagram. The engagement took place at Sandhurst graduate Crown Prince Hussein of Jordan, 28, is set to wed Saudi Arabian-born Rajwa Al-Saif, also 28, after an engagement ceremony at the bride-to-be's Jordan announced on Wednesday the engagement of Crown Prince Hussein to Rajwa Khaled Al-Saif, the daughter of a Saudi businessman. He received his secondary education at Deerfield Academy, Massachusetts, USA, and graduated from Williams College, Massachusetts, with a Bachelor of Arts degree. prince hussein engagement
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FeaturedFISM News
Biden signs gun legislation into law
by Will Tubbs June 25, 2022
U.S. President Joe Biden on Saturday signed into law the first major federal gun reform in three decades, days after a decision he condemned by the Supreme Court expanding firearm owners’ rights.
“God willing, it’s going to save a lot of lives,” Biden said at the White House after signing the bill with his wife Jill by his side.
The bipartisan bill came together just weeks after mass shootings in Uvalde and Buffalo that killed more than 30 people, including 19 children at an elementary school.
The law includes provisions to help states keep guns out of the hands of those deemed to be a danger to themselves or others.
The reform came the same week as the Supreme Court expanded gun owners’ rights, saying on Thursday for the first time that the U.S. Constitution protected an individual’s ability to carry a handgun in public for self-defense.
“The Supreme Court has made some terrible decisions,” Biden told reporters after that ruling, and another on Friday that eliminated the right to abortion nationwide.
Gun control has long been a divisive issue in the nation with several attempts to put new controls on gun sales failing time after time.
Biden, who is looking to improve sagging public approval ratings ahead of Nov. 8 midterm elections for control of Congress, made securing victories on gun control a part of his campaign pitch to voters.
The new law blocks gun sales to those convicted of abusing unmarried intimate partners and cracks down on gun sales to purchasers convicted of domestic violence. It also provides new federal funding to states that administer “red flag” laws intended to remove guns from people deemed dangerous to themselves and others.
It does not ban sales of assault-style rifles or high-capacity magazines. But it does take some steps on background checks by allowing access, for the first time, to information on significant crimes committed by juveniles.
“At this time when it seems impossible to get anything done in Washington, we are doing something consequential: If we can reach compromise on guns, we oughta be able to reach compromise on other critical issues,” Biden said before traveling to Germany for the Group of Seven rich nations summit.
“I know there’s much more work to do, and I’m never gonna give up. But this is a monumental day.”
He said he would host families of gun violence victims and lawmakers at a White House event on July 11 to mark the passage of the gun safety law.
Copyright 2022 Thomson/Reuters
Russia-Ukraine Update: Soldiers ‘almost left’ Sievierodonetsk to Russian control
US-Iran nuclear talks expected to resume soon
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Weird site of the day #2: Stopabductions.com
Friday infographic: Inside the mind of a freelancer
Wednesday, June 20, 2012...10:12 pm
Hyperlocal case study: @WeLoveBath
Bath is a thriving multi-meejah city, full of festivals like Bath Digital Festival and events like the recent D:Bate on the future of print vs. digital media. It’s also got lots of interesting hyperlocal (or hyperlocal-ish) stuff happening.
One is Twitter-based WeLoveBath. Launched a couple of years ago, it’s won its creator, web designer Felix Renicks, a couple of runner-up placings in last year’s Bath Chronicle People of the Year Awards.
Arguably, a service that covers a whole city – though a small one – isn’t exactly hyperlocal. But the feed has very focused content, down to neighbourhood or street level. And the interests it reflects are not typical news agenda issues. This week I interview Felix to see how the service was set up and what he’s learned from the project.
Service: WeLoveBath
Platform: Twitter
Founder: Felix Renicks
Established: 2 years
Followers: 9,500
Following: 4,600
Tweets: 24,000
@WeLoveBath is a curated Twitter feed. Content is based on retweets – Felix creates no original content himself. Retweets come from a range of sources, including retweets from Twitter based on relevant keyword searches and from the accounts that @WeLoveBath follows. Then there are submissions from Twitter users who use the @WeLoveBath reply. Finally, there is a small amount of automated content, such as traffic and weather, fed in via RSS. WeLoveBath has also trialled an email subscription offering a “best of the feed” round-up, running weekly for a while.
Why did you set it up?
“I set up WeLoveBath because I wanted to follow it – I was looking for it and it didn’t exist. I never thought it would be a hugely popular service. I just thought it would be useful. The Bath Chronicle was tweeting a bit, and all sorts of people were talking about Bath, but it was difficult to find – you had to hunt it out.”
Why Twitter?
“It was either going to be Twitter or Facebook, realistically, to generate enough content to work. Twitter is much more public than Facebook. I’ve found Facebook really difficult. I’ve since set up a Facebook page and got about 1,000 fans, which is fine. But Facebook is all about photos and everything’s private. It’s essentially the world’s biggest photo site, with a social network on top. It’s completely different from Twitter. The conversation was already there on Twitter. I just needed to tap into it.”
What’s your marketing strategy?
“I started off with my friends around Bath following me – I had about 100 followers at first. It was very small for a long time. For the first year it was only a couple of tweets a day. But Twitter gets faster and faster – it snowballs. It’s now gaining about 100 followers a week. The feed isn’t marketed, it’s just word of mouth. It’s been in the Bath Chronicle a number of times, but I don’t think that really has any effect. It’s much easier to click if you’re already on Twitter than to go from the newspaper to the computer.
“Many people, including a lot of traditional marketers, don’t understand that Twitter is a two-way thing. You can’t get followers from just broadcasting. You have to follow and reply to people. By default you get an email when someone follows you. I follow about 4,500 people, so when I follow them they hear about WeLoveBath. There’s no real strategy about following people. It doesn’t cost anything and there’s no reason not to follow people. I use the search bar to find people who are talking about Bath: they’re probably going to be interested in the feed.
“Brands should be doing that anyway. Topshop should be following people who are talking about them.”
What’s your editorial strategy?
“Basically my role is editor – I don’t create any content. Mostly the content is retweets, but a small proportion of the content is automated. The weather, travel and local news is automated from RSS feeds. It’s a custom code job – using a PHP script to work with the Twitter API.
“The weather feed took a long time to create because it has to get the weather from Yahoo’s API and send it to Twitter, but people love it. In the early days the weather was one of the most popular things – people liked to get the weather sent to them at 8am. It was definitely worth the effort. It’s probably not the most efficient code, but it works.
“It’s certainly an advantage to know how to code – or just to understand how it works so you know what to ask for from tech people.
“At first I was just looking at what people were saying and retweeting it, but the more popular it became the more people submitted stuff using the @WeLoveBath signature. People come and go, but there are people who tweet a couple of times a week, as opposed to people who just use the feed when they need to ask for things like a local electrician. There are people who actively enjoy the citizen journalism side of it.
“There are maybe 20-30 core contributors, but they don’t make up more than half of the feed; it’s not overwhelming. I tried to create a leaderboard of who contributed most during the week, but the data is too flat – the most frequent was three tweets.”
How do you handle quality control?
“People who submit content tweet using @welovebath; I retweet what I think is relevant and interesting to the WeLoveBath feed. I have to filter the submissions – there’s a garden centre that tweets me about water butts every day and I know people don’t want to see that.
“I have to do it manually. It helps that I work on a computer all day so I can keep an eye on the feed using the Twitter for Mac app. It becomes sort-of semi-automatic. When things get quieter and I get time I’ll run some saved searches such as “in bath” minus a lot of keywords to filter it down. Anything that’s interesting in those search results I’ll also retweet. I’ve tried other search strings such as “of Bath”, but I’ve found “in Bath” is the best search.
“I add to the saved searches over time when I come across useful keywords – people talking about specific things like “BathSpa” university, or “Oldfield Park” (a local area). You can’t just search for “Bath” on its own. People are talking about having baths, and there’s a Bath in the US. That’s why it has to be curated.”
“It’s very easy to set up, but needs a bit of attention to keep going. When you first set it up you have to go without anyone listening for a while to make it worth it. A lot of people start copycat things, especially for Bath, but they don’t last. You have to continue with five followers and it feels like a waste of time. But why would you follow when there’s nothing there? You have to build it up from nothing. Until it actually is something, there’s no point.”
What role does the email newsletter play?
For a while, Felix sent out a more-or-less weekly email newsletter featuring selected excerpts from the feed. The service ran through Campaign Monitor for around £20 an month, which handled the subscription list and sending the email.
“It was really popular and helped to reach a new audience. Not everyone is on Twitter, but everyone’s got an email address, so it really helped spread the word. It’s a static thing – a tweet can go past, but the newsletter will stay in your inbox until you’ve read it or deleted it. It offers a bit more editorial control in terms of sections and features. I also tried to tell a story through tweets, each part of a sentence would be sourced to a tweet.
“I did one to see if it would be popular, and it was. But the first one was a test, and it ran as a test for 20 issues. The format wasn’t very streamlined and it took about 6 hours to create. It will be back, but it will take a lot of attention to redo.”
Plans for monetisation
“The email newsletter could make money in time. I don’t ever want to put ads or sponsorship on the Twitter profile as it’s not really my site. If I put them in the feed, I don’t want to feel that I can’t retweet someone being critical of a business. I’ve no idea what return I could get from it. I’m not desperate to monetise it. But if I did I would be keen to do it in a way that would add value, like a classified service or a jobs board.”
Don’t try to manufacture community
WeLoveBath offers something to an existing community that it may find interesting.
It’s risky
Felix doesn’t really own anything. “The Twitter account isn’t really mine – it’s Twitter’s and it could change its product at any time.”
People can misunderstand it
They think it’s part of the Bath Chronicle or the local council. Also it does not endorse the views (negative or positive) that it streams, which can confuse readers.
It’s outgrowing itself
“I often don’t publish stuff because it’s too much and I don’t want to overwhelm people. Or there’s too much repetition. Basically you can have too much material for a feed. The problem comes when the stream becomes a flood.”
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Trending: Amazon reportedly eyeing Signify Health as it continues push into healthcare
by Thomas Wilde on August 18, 2022 at 9:00 am August 18, 2022 at 9:37 am
(Wizards of the Coast screenshot)
As part of a new publishing initiative, Wizards of the Coast plans to make a number of changes to Dungeons & Dragons, which includes the introduction of an official virtual playing space, physical/digital book bundles, and an eventual 2024 re-release of the core D&D rule books.
This initiative, “One D&D,” marks a significant move by Wizards of the Coast to move Dungeons & Dragons into the modern gaming landscape, in what D&D‘s design architect Jeremy Crawford calls “the start of a new generation.”
Around the start of 2021, there were a lot of resources online for anyone who wanted to play D&D over a Zoom call or via a shared virtual space, but comparatively few of them were official Wizards of the Coast products. One D&D, to some extent, is an attempt to change that.
Under One D&D, Wizards plans to release its own virtual play space; restructure and streamline the game’s rules; and try to organize all of its the digital play tools for D&D together into a single place.
What One D&D definitely isn’t, however, is a totally new edition of Dungeons & Dragons. Speaking at an advanced press briefing via Zoom call on Tuesday morning, Wizards’ designers were careful to note that One D&D is “building on top of 5th edition,” rather than replacing it in any significant way.
Instead, the plan is to restructure and reorganize the game’s core rules, based upon what Crawford calls “the lessons learned from the last decade.” This will be done over the course of the next year with a series of open playtests, which is planned to lead to a re-release of the three main books for D&D–the Player’s Handbook, Dungeon Master’s Guide, and the Monster Manual–in 2024. This also coincides with the 10th anniversary of D&D‘s 5th edition.
Back in April, Wizards’ parent company Hasbro acquired the popular digital toolset D&D Beyond. Now that Beyond is an official D&D affiliate, Wizards plans to make use of it as a direct digital storefront, through offering deals that bundle a physical book together with its digital edition via D&D Beyond.
(Wizards of the Coast Image)
The first product to make use of the deal is the December Dragonlance adventure Shadow of the Dragon Queen. Players who buy its physical/digital bundle will get the ebook two weeks early on Nov. 22 via D&D Beyond, followed by the physical edition when it releases on Dec. 6. The bundle’s deluxe edition (above) also includes the board game Warriors of Krynn and a special Dungeon Master’s screen.
Another pillar of One D&D is Wizards moving into the digital playset arena, alongside competitors like TaleSpire and Tabletop Simulator. D&D Digital is a “future-facing aspect” where players can make, create, and play with all-virtual miniatures sets and dungeon maps.
D&D Digital is currently being made in-house with the Unreal Engine (“to make it look dope,” according to the project’s vice president Chris Cao) and is in early development.
A virtual miniature from the official D&D Digital play space program, currently in early development. (Wizards of the Coast screenshot)
The rules changes that are coming with One D&D are intended to, as Crawford puts it, “integrate lessons learned from the last decade” of their work on the game. The team plans to restructure and expand the core rules of D&D 5th edition, with revisions, new versions of playable races, and many new options like special backgrounds or feats that can only be taken at first level.
These changes will be in open playtest for the next year, with each new set of rules dropping monthly as “Unearthed Arcana” on the official D&D website. The first batch of new rules focuses heavily on the character creation process, with Crawford citing the recent sourcebook Monsters of the Multiverse as an example of Wizards’ intended direction.
After the playtesting process, this will lead up to new, restructured 2024 editions of D&D’s Player’s Handbook and Dungeon Master’s Guide. The new rules are designed to be “backwards compatible” with all currently available 5th edition products.
Other announcements made during the first “Wizards Presents” conference include:
Keys from the Golden Vault, a winter 2023 anthology, is a collection of adventures that are all organized around a heist.
The Book of Many Things (summer 2023) is a sourcebook that revolves around the infamous magical item the deck of many things.
A new book in the summer of 2023 will follow up on the starter adventure The Lost Mines of Phandelver, expanding it to the point where it could make up an entire campaign.
One of the most famous campaign settings in D&D, Planescape, is planned to return in the fall of 2023. Planescape is set in D&D‘s elaborate afterlife, the Outer Planes, and in the free, neutral city of Sigil that exists above them. The setting debuted in 1994 and became particularly well-known due to Planescape: Torment, a 1999 PC game by Black Isle Studios that’s widely regarded as a classic.
As part of the return of the Spelljammer setting, Wizards quietly released a full album of original music, Spelljams, on Tuesday morning. A physical vinyl edition is available for pre-order now.
The next franchises to cross over with Magic: The Gathering, as part of its Universes Beyond imprint, are Warhammer 40K (Oct. 7), The Lord of the Rings (the Tales From Middle-Earth set, Q3 2023), and Doctor Who (Q3 2023). The latter set will be part of the official celebration of the Doctor Who franchise’s 60th anniversary.
Magic‘s 30th anniversary hits in 2023. This will include a special event in October 2023 in Las Vegas and several unspecified promotional tie-ins.
Magic begins a new story arc in September 2022 with Dominaria United, a new card set that involves a war between the planes of Dominaria and Phyrexia. The story is planned to continue into The Brothers’ War (Nov. 2022), Phyrexia: All Will Be One (Q1 2023), and March of the Machine (Q2 2023).
The classic Magic settings of Eldraine and Ixalan will both be revisited with new card sets in late 2023.
2023 also marks the 35th anniversary of D&D signature character Drizzt Do’Urden, who first appeared in the 1988 novel The Crystal Shard. Wizards will mark the occasion with a new print run of R.A. Salvatore’s novels, which will sport new covers; a new Visual Dictionary for the Drizzt series; and a forthcoming webcomic starring Drizzt’s teenage daughter Briennelle (first seen in the 2020 novel Relentless), as she “borrows” Drizzt’s sword and goes on an adventure of her own.
Thomas Wilde has been working as a journalist and editor in the gaming press since 2002, most notoriously as the editor for DoubleJump Books. He has personally won World War II 47 separate times. Follow him on at @stolisomancer and email games@geekwire.com.
Filed Under: Games Tagged With: D&D Beyond • Dungeons & Dragons • magic: the gathering • Wizards of the Coast
Wizards of the Coast reveals upcoming projects for ‘Dungeons & Dragons’
D&D Beyond will officially join Wizards of the Coast in $146.3M acquisition
D&D Live 2021: What to expect from Wizards of the Coast’s annual live-play streaming event
Hasbro reorganizes to support big growth from ‘Dungeons & Dragons’ and ‘Magic: The Gathering’
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The impact of the architecture and construction industry on the loss of the integrity of the biosphere (loss and extinction of biodiversity)
by Alexander Lopez
The concentration of the world’s population in urban centers has led to important processes of urbanization and construction, which on many occasions have exceeded the capacity of the urban land where they are located. This has characterized a set of conditions that are closely linked to various types of environmental impact, having special relevance the reduction and pollution of water sources, the critical conditions of environmental sanitation, the loss of natural habitats and biodiversity, high rates of solid waste generation and general deterioration of environmental conditions in cities.
In order to contextualize the environment in which these urban processes operate. This document presents an approach to the world panorama related to energy, water, materials and land in housing. And, the impact on planetary boundaries, specifically the loss of the integrity of the biosphere (loss and extinction of biodiversity), by the architecture and construction industry.
According to the UN, it is estimated that worldwide 41% of available energy is consumed between the residential and commercial sectors. This high energy consumption directly affects the environment; through the use of non-renewable resources such as oil, gas and coal, which generate high emissions of CO2 and other greenhouse gases (GHG), contributing to pollution of the planet. It is estimated that between 7 and 9% of total global carbon dioxide emissions come directly from housing use. International energy consumption reports state that fossil fuels (oil, coal and gas) continue to form the basis of primary energy consumption in the world. In 2008, fossil fuels accounted for 88.1% of the world’s total consumption of energy sources, a slight decrease compared to 2007.
The fastest growing energy source in 2007 was coal with 3.4%, followed by hydroelectricity with 3.1%, then gas with 2.8%, while oil decreased 0.29% and nuclear showed a decrease of 0.45%. Of the total energy consumption, 22% corresponds to the residential sector and 19% to the commercial sector. Having as a base world population, a figure higher than six billion inhabitants and whose trend is to exceed nine billion in 2050, according to global statistical projections.
According to a report on the forecast of world energy consumption until 2030, prepared by the Energy Information Administration (EIA), in terms of CO2 emissions, this will grow 39% in the period, going from 29 billion metric tons to 40.4 billion by 2030. From the environmental point of view, the increase in CO2 emissions continues; its estimate reaches a total of 8,565 metric tons in 2008, and its percentage distribution by source is 20.7% for gas, 34.8% for oil and 44.5% for coal. CO2 emissions related to fossil fuels are also expected to decrease as the demands of developed and emerging countries are reduced.
The analysis of the current state of water and the anthropogenic effects on this resource must be framed in the natural availability of water on the planet. It is estimated that water covers 71% of the land surface, located mainly in the seas and oceans where 97% of total water is concentrated and the other 3% of fresh water; distributed among glaciers and polar caps containing 2.06%, underground deposits and continental glaciers with 0.93%, and the remaining 0.001% is distributed in decreasing order among lakes, soil moisture, atmosphere, reservoirs and rivers.
The situation of shortage or deficit in the supply of drinking water in the world is critical, according to the UNESCO, 1.1 billion people in the world lack this service and 2.4 billion lack adequate water sanitation. This reality was addressed during the 5th World Water Forum in Istanbul (Turkey) on 16 March 2009. Based on the data presented in the Third World Water Development Report (WWDR-3), “ensuring environmental sustainability” was set as a priority objective and the goal was to halve the proportion of people without access to safe drinking water by 2015; this goal was impossible to achieve.
On the other hand, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), presents data on the distribution of water according to its different uses; finding that 93% of water is destined for agriculture, 4% for the architecture and construction industry, and only 3% for domestic consumption. This same report reveals that 25% of the total population of developing countries does not have access to drinking water and that 90% of polluted water is discharged directly into rivers, lakes, lagoons or the sea. This increases the serious problem of scarcity and generates high impacts on human health, reaching the conclusion that about 80% of the ailments and 33% of the deaths are derived from the crisis of shortage of drinking water; this situation varies a little in urban areas, since its deficit of coverage in aqueduct is 27.5% and 36.9% in sewerage.
In fact, the availability of drinking water has been reduced in an accelerated way both in the reserves of underground aquifers and in surface currents. This is partly due to the contamination of sources by discharges, and to the strong changes that have progressively suffered the natural ecosystems related to the capture, storage and natural regulation of water; which added to the high energy consumption and the high costs of its treatment, affects the coverage and provision of this service, especially in the most vulnerable population.
The extraction and processing of raw materials for the production of building materials and elements generates high deterioration of ecosystems and biodiversity in the areas of exploitation, generally with dynamics of deforestation, erosion and contamination of soil, water and air. Other processes, such as the production of cement, ceramics and metallurgy industries, involve high energy consumption of non-renewable fossil fuels, with a strong environmental impact.
According to the construction industry, this sector is responsible for almost half of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions; added to the contributions in emissions from the cement, wood, metallurgical and ceramics industries. In this way, in their processes they consume 30% of the energy demand of the total industrial sector.
On the other hand, cement production is the sub-sector that generates the greatest amount of greenhouse gas emissions worldwide, given the high energy consumption required per unit of production. Energy consumption in the cement industry represents almost 2% of global primary energy consumption and approximately 5% of the energy consumed by global industry. It takes the equivalent of 60 to 130 kilograms of fuel and 110 kWh of electricity to produce one ton of cement. The cement industry generates, globally, 5% of global anthropogenic CO2, one of the main greenhouse gases contributing to climate change.
In this context, more than 90% of the energy used in cement production uses fossil fuels, mainly coal, coke, oil and natural gas. Thermal coal is the most widely used fuel in the global cement industry, given its higher calorific value and relatively low prices compared to oil. According to the World Coal Institute, globally 450 g of thermal coal are consumed for every 900 g of cement produced.
The metallurgical industry, producer of iron and steel, is responsible for approximately 5% of total GHG emissions, according to the International Energy Association – IAEA. For each ton of steel produced, 1.7 tons of CO2 are emitted into the atmosphere.
The excavation of mines, the removal of minerals and the processing of metals can cause serious damage to the environment and in extreme cases even destroy ecosystems. Environmental impacts, in many cases, are irreversible or very critical, such as the deterioration of land suitable for agriculture and the loss of the natural landscape. These impacts generate erosive processes and water pollution with soluble salts of potentially toxic elements (EPT), such as arsenic, selenium, lead, cadmium and sulfur oxides, among others. In addition, the excavated underground material can generate volumes of waste up to eight times higher than the original.
On the other hand, the wood industry generates significant impacts on the global forest cover, the current rate of deforestation worldwide exceeds fourteen million hectares (about 54000 square miles) per year, most of the losses occur in the tropics. The exploitation of wood is closely linked to deforestation and its collateral consequences of erosion, desertification and loss of biodiversity; and secondly to reforestation with fast-growing, short-cycle trees, which can drain soil nutrients and reduce site fertility and disrupt the soil in less time.
The global forest area in 2015 was estimated at approximately 4 billion hectares, with 36.4% in primary or uninterrupted forests. The forest cover occupies 30% of the total land area, however its distribution is mainly in countries of the tropics, being two thirds of the world area in only ten countries.
The global brick industry has increased its production since 1990. A sales volume of 26 billion euros was calculated for 2015, slightly more than 20% of the total sales volume of the ceramics sector. Since the 1990s a large number of factories have developed in Germany and Eastern Europe, countries that have the advantage of good raw materials. The brick industry in China has experienced an enormous boom and a high level of technology in production. Similarly, the production and technology of the ceramics industry is increasing in the Arab countries of North Africa, where manual processing has dominated until now.
This ceramic industry produces environmental impacts through the exploitation of clays, the intensified use of energy (especially coal), the emission of smoke, particles and gases and the disposal of waste, which contaminate the soil and water. However, this material presents advantages for the construction industry such as mass production, low cost, use of unskilled labor, thermal mass and structural resistance, which allow its role in low-rise construction.
The ceramic masonry combined with structural elements in concrete, allows the constructive development in height. In relation to the exploitation of stone materials (stone, gravel and sand) worldwide there are no precise indicators or statistics. This activity depends on the presence of geological reservoirs in each country and the economic viability, determined by various factors, including the type of mineral and its wealth, the depth of the reservoir and the technical process to be applied for extraction.
There are two types of environmental impact caused by extractive operations: the first is the overexploitation of non-renewable resources, which means their exploitation for future generations. The second is inadequate mining exploitation, which deteriorates the quality of the environment in aspects such as air pollution, soil, water, noise, destruction or disturbance of natural habitat, visual impact on the landscape and various repercussions on groundwater levels. Abandoned water deposits and pending rehabilitation quarries deteriorate the landscape and can pose serious environmental threats, especially as a result of acid drainage from mines.
It is expected that the production, manufacture and use of construction materials will continue to increase. According to the growing housing needs of the world population, this represents serious environmental impacts such as the deterioration of the landscape and biodiversity of the areas of exploitation, pollution of air, water and soil by the emission of gases and the dumping of solid and liquid waste.
The world population concentration in urban centers currently exceeds 50%; that means that more than half of humanity is located in urban areas. The availability of adequate urban land for residential development is limited by high land costs and the lack of suitable land, road infrastructure and services, generating precarious urban sectors with serious housing deficiencies and the generation of environmental impacts. Additionally, it is observed that the high costs for the development of formal housing construction processes for low-income sectors leads to a low quality of housing solutions, which in many cases does not meet the minimum conditions of space, structure, environment and comfort.
According to United Nations data, the world population in 2007 was estimated at 6,670 million people and is increasing at a rate of more than 75 million per year, so that by 2020 are estimated 8000 million and by 2050 a total of 9,200 million inhabitants. In this framework, the urban population was estimated at 3,290 million, 49% of the total population and the rural population at 3,380 million, just over half. For 2008, the world presented an unprecedented fact, more than half of the world population was concentrated in urban areas, so it is estimated that by 2025 the urban population will reach 57% of the total, with more than 4,580 million inhabitants; the projected rural population will be 3,430 million, representing 43%.
The United Nations Population Fund – UNFPA37 in its 2017 report indicates that most urban growth will occur in developing countries. Africa and Asia are expected to double the urban population between 2000 and 2030, while Latin America and the Caribbean will continue to increase the urban population more moderately. In this regard, the urban population of the developed world will increase relatively little, with projections ranging from 870 million to 1.01 billion people. The same document shows that 52% of the world’s urban population continues to live in areas with less than 500,000 people, areas with significant shortages of housing, transport, water and energy supply, waste disposal and other services, and few human, financial and technical resources at their disposal. In recent decades, small cities have always had more than half of the total urban population and are expected to account for more than half of the world’s urban growth between 2005 and 2025. The document goes on to state that the space occupied by urban settlements is growing faster than the urban population itself. The world’s urban population is projected to increase by 72 per cent between 2000 and 2030, while the area of built areas of 100,000 or more could increase by 175 per cent. According to recent estimates, based on satellite imagery, urban settlements cover only 2.8 per cent of the world’s land area, approximately 400,000 square kilometres, half of them in the developing world.
In this way, the demographic increase implies, in itself, a major negative impact on the environment, as a result of human activities in all sectors: industrial, energy, agriculture and waste production. Other critical factors are represented by the increase in the consumption of raw materials, especially those coming from natural resources for construction; energy consumption with an annual growth of 5%; the supply of drinking water, the shortage of which will increase every year, the generation and disposal of garbage and wastewater that are progressively affecting soils and water sources
This global panorama has led to a rethinking of the design and construction processes of buildings and particularly of the residential sector, so that the construction industry has been directing its efforts to the development of projects framed within the concept of sustainability, within an interactive dynamic of environmental, social and economic factors. Currently, there is consensus in world politics to adopt measures to mitigate environmental deterioration and overexploitation of natural resources, where the construction industry is not exempt. Housing projects should aim at the rational use of natural resources (water, energy, materials and soil), integrating non-conventional energy systems with innovative construction alternatives, including criteria for recycling and reuse of materials and, in general, actions to minimize negative environmental effects.
ARENAS, Cabello Francisco (2015). Sistemas de evaluación ambiental en la edificación española, Madrid.
PANAMERICAN CENTRE FOR SANITARY ENGINEERING AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES. Area of Sustainable Development and Environmental Health. Panamerican Health Organization. Technical Specifications for Rainfall Collection for Human Consumption. Lima, 2013.
DI PACE, María (2014). Ecology of the city. Buenos Aires: National University of the General Sarmiento.
GARZON, Beatriz (2017). Bioclimatic Architecture. Buenos Aires: Nobuko.
GUATTARI, Félix (2010). The three ecologies. Barcelona: Editorial Pretextos.
HOUGH, Michael (2015). Nature and city. Urban planning and ecological processes. Barcelona: Editorial Gustavo Gili.
IPCC (2017). Climate change 2017: Synthesis report. Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland.
KING BINELLI, Delia (1994). Bioclimatic conditioning. Mexico: Autonomous Metropolitan University.
LEFF, Enrique (2008). Ecology and Capital, environmental rationality, participatory democracy and sustainable development. Mexico: XXI Century.
OLGIAY, Víctor; FRONTADO, Josefina (2012). Arquitectura y clima: manual of bioclimatic design for architects and urban planners. Barcelona: Gustavo Gili.
RUANO, Miguel (2009). Ecourbanismo, Sustainable Human Environments. Barcelona: Gustavo Gili.
SANTOS, Milton (2010). The Nature of Space. Barcelona: Ariel S.A
WACKERNAGEL, Mathis; REES, William E. (2011). Our ecological footprint: Reducing the human impact on the earth. Santiago de Chile: LOM Ediciones.
YEANG, Ken (2016). Projecting with nature. Ecological bases for the architectural project. Barcelona: Editorial Gustavo Gili.
YORY, Carlo Mario (2014). City and Sustainability I. General framework and description of the problem. Bogotá: Universidad Piloto.
future-link 2018-2022 | Contact & Imprint
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USCIS Suspends Biometrics Collection for Certain Form I-539 Applications For Two Years
On May 17, 2021, the United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) announced [link] that it was temporarily suspending the biometrics submission requirement for certain nonimmigrant applicants filing the Form I-539, Application to Extend/Change Nonimmigrant Status. The announcement states that “USCIS will allow adjudications for those specific categories to proceed based on biographic information and related background checks, without capturing fingerprints and photograph.”
The temporary suspension will apply through May 17, 2023, and will apply only to the following Form I-539 applications:
Extension of stay in or change of Status to H4 nonimmigrant status;
Extension of stay in or change of status to L2 nonimmigrant status;
Extension of stay in or change of status to E1 nonimmigrant status;
Extension of stay in or change of status to E2 nonimmigrant status (including E2C (E2 CNMI Investor)); or
Extension of stay in or change of status to E3 nonimmigrant status (including E3D).
The suspension will apply only to those above categories and only to I-539 applications that are either:
Pending as of May 17, 2021, and have not yet received a biometric services appointment notice; or
New applications postmarked or submitted electronically on or after May 17, 2021.
Notwithstanding this Form I-539 biometrics suspension, the USCIS may, in its discretion, require biometrics for applicants who meet the suspension criteria. Any applicant may be scheduled to provide biometrics at an application support center.
Furthermore, applicants who have already been scheduled for a biometrics appointment should attend their scheduled appointment. The suspension does not cancel existing appointments. Thus, applicants with scheduled appointments should attend their appointments unless the USCIS notifies them on an individual basis.
Because biometrics collection will be suspended for most Form I-539 applicants in the H4, L2, E1, E2, and E3 categories, Form I-539 applicants who meet the criteria will, as of May 17, 2021, not be required to submit the $85 biometrics services fee for the Form I-539. The Service will return the biometrics fee if it is submitted separately from the base I-539 fee. For Form I-539 applications postmarked May 27, 2021, or later, the USCIS will reject Forms I-539 submitted with a single payment covering the base Form I-539 fee and the biometrics services fee. Form I-539 applicants should be very aware of this suspension so long as it remains in effect.
Applicants with case specific questions about their Forms I-539 and related issues should consult with an immigration attorney.
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UCA - University for the Creative Arts
UCARO
The space between mourning and melancholia: the use of cloth in contemporary art practice to materialise the work of mourning
Ayling-Smith, Beverly (2016) The space between mourning and melancholia: the use of cloth in contemporary art practice to materialise the work of mourning. PhD thesis, University for the Creative Arts/University of Brighton.
3387:85688
PhD thesis - Beverly Ayling-Smith (5MB)
Ayling-Smith, Beverly
This research project examines the language of grief in textile art practice. It takes as its starting point the idea that, as individuals with experience of bereavement, we may carry with us an element of unresolved mourning. This is not the pathological condition of melancholia or complicated mourning, nor the fully resolved, completed state where mourning is over, but is a space between; a set of emotions which continue to be felt and may be brought to the surface by an event, situation, set of circumstances or encounter with, for example, artwork which may bring back feelings of grief and loss long after the death of someone close. This project investigates how cloth can be used in textile artwork to make a connection with this unresolved mourning and thereby contribute to the progression of the viewer’s work of mourning. The aims of the research are to explore how textile art can be used as a metaphor for grief and mourning and to consider how the staining and mending of cloth in contemporary art practice has been used in my studio practice as a way of understanding and expressing mourning. This is a practice based research project, the outcomes of which consist of a written thesis and a body of artworks created through studio practice. The dialogic relationship between the practice and the written research is integral to the outcomes of both the written work and in the studio practice. The written thesis builds on existing research into the psychoanalytical interpretation of mourning and melancholia; the development of the understanding of the process of mourning, trauma theory and the material culture of mourning to establish a rationale for the use of cloth in textile art practice to materialise the work of mourning. The thesis and body of studio practice make an original contribution to knowledge by bringing together the sociological and cultural use of cloth with psychoanalytical theory and the consideration of the affectivity of artwork. The overarching approach of the thesis is a two-part focus on the use of cloth and how it can be used in textile artwork. The first chapter sets out the context of the research both in terms of previously published written work and the studio practice of other artists. Chapter 2 examines the methodology of the research and how the work has been shown to viewers and the means by which any responses have been obtained. Both written and verbal responses to the work by viewers have been used to substantiate the proposal that textile artwork can connect with the viewer in such a way as to allow a progression of their work of mourning. Chapter 3 considers the materiality of cloth; its manipulation and transformation using processes such as staining and mending, and the utilisation of metaphor and metonymy in the creation of artworks in cloth. The final chapter ‘Connecting with the Viewer’ explores the affectivity of artwork and how it is able to facilitate an emotional connection with the audience.
Copyright © and Moral Rights for this thesis are retained by the author and/or other copyright owners.
On embargo until 29 November 2021.
School of Fashion & Textiles
https://research.uca.ac.uk/id/eprint/3387
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Email: isellclt@sandragodley.com | Phone: 704.649.3566
Plaza Midwood
Charm & character abound in Commonwealth Park!
If you want to proximity to Center City but the peace and quiet of a neighborhood and a yard of your own then you need to check out Commonwealth Park.
The 500-acre area is located between Central and Commonwealth avenues north of Independence Boulevard (US 74) at Ovens Auditorium. Eastway Drive and Briar Creek Road for its northwest and southeast borders.
Commonwealth Park was established in 1939. Like Chantilly and Plaza Midwood, Commonwealth Park has seen an influx of renovations, new construction and younger families move to the area as it has gained popularity for its proximity to Uptown; it is just 4 miles via US 74.
Commonwealth Park is convenient to various shopping and retail destinations along Independence and Central Avenue as well as Plaza Midwood, Elizabeth, Commonwealth, NoDa and Cotswold.
This beautifully updated 1940 home is currently listed for sale by Savvy & Co. (current as of May 29, 2016).
For a game of golf or social event, the Charlotte Country Club is only 2 miles away. Ovens Auditorium and the Coliseum are just across Independence for various events throughout the year. There is no shortage of activity in the area!
The neighborhood is a diverse mix of homes. Many were built in the 1940s to 1960s, but some have been torn down and rebuilt, while others have undergone extensive renovations. There are still some great deals in the neighborhood and homes in need of TLC and updating.
Home sizes vary, but the majority of homes are between 1,300 square feet and 2,700 square feet. Lots average about one-quarter of an acre.
A total of 16 homes sold in the last 12 months for an average price of $332,283 and nearly $178 per square foot.
Sale prices ranged from $202,800 to $552,000. Total sales averaged 98.3% of list price
There are currently 8 homes for sale in Commonwealth Park. Only 1 is under contract as of May 29.
All of the homes listed for sale were built around 1940. All but one of the homes have been updated or renovated. List prices range from $160,000 to $648,000.
Neighborhood children currently attend Oakhurst Elementary, Eastway Middle School and Myers Park High School.
Foxcroft rezoning battle goes back to City Council
A contentious rezoning dispute between Alan Simonini Homes and Foxcroft residents will be back before Charlotte City Council as early as next month for a…
Country Club Heights: Mid-century charm close to Uptown
Charlotte’s Country Club Heights is an in-town neighborhood full of character and charming homes built primarily in the 1950s and 1960s. The neighborhood is convenient…
Copyright © 2014 SandraGodley.com All rights reserved. 1920 E. 7th Street, Charlotte, NC 28204
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The interior North Creek.
North Creek
NAVFAC 104 Base
Location of Grand Turk
Movies, TV, Music
Celebrities & Famous People
When to Visit
The inlet to North Creek, Grand Turk.
North Creek is a 320 acre (129 hectare) lagoon found in the central northern half of Grand Turk.
The body of water is nearly landlocked, with only a small inlet to the ocean at the far northern end of the island.
Sights, Scenery, and Attractions
Several sports and activities, both on the land and in the water, take place at North Creek.
Kayak eco tours, sold as a shore excursion for cruise guests, are currently offered in the mangroves at the north end of the lagoon. Although not the best setting for the sport in the Turks and Caicos (the larger Caicos Islands have far more impressive wetlands), North Creek is interesting and tranquil.
Both ATV tours and horseback rides visit North Creek, albeit from opposite sides of the lagoon.
The drive to the northwest side of the creek is also quite interesting. On the way out you’ll pass North Wells. Much of the area is low-lying, with salt-resistant wetland vegetation. The hardy and feral Turks and Caicos donkeys are often seen in this region.
At Little Bluff Point, the farthest it’s possible to drive to the northwest, excellent seashell beachcombing can be found. You can also see the Grand Turk Lighthouse from across the inlet.
The Inlet to North Creek
A kayaking tour in North Creek.
The inlet that connects North Creek to the ocean has had a history of opening and closing.
In 1849, President Forth (the Turks and Caicos previously had a presidency) recorded that the entrance originally was 4 fathoms deep (24 feet, or 7 meters), and afforded the inhabitants a safe shelter for small vessels during storms and hurricanes. However, hurricanes that struck in 1815 and 1821 completely refilled the channel, leaving a marsh tidal wetland where the inlet was initially.
The pre-1815 depth of 4 fathoms, as suggested by President Forth, is questionable when considering the natural channels and inlets throughout the Turks and Caicos, as no other similar site has quite that depth.
President Forth, recognizing the potential of the harbor, attempted to arrange the re-dredging, utilizing English prisoners from Bermuda, blasting, and the new technology of diving bells. Unfortunately, the scheme was rejected as being too expensive.
The concept of re-opening the channel was revisited by the subsequent President Inglis in 1859 with no greater success.
The beach at the inlet to North Creek.
In 1983, Raul Construction Company began operations to open the inlet. The payment for the project was 76 acres of land near to the dredge site, and partial profits from reclaimed land in the salinas near Cockburn Town, refilled with the material obtained from dredging.
Since the dredging in 1983, the channel has partially filled back in, and larger vessels can no longer enter North Creek. Plans to dredge once more are currently being examined.
Modern Controversy
North Creek was the proposed site for the Grand Turk Dolphinarium, an attraction intended as a cruise ship shore excursion.
Although rejected by both residents and citizens in the Turks and Caicos (and visitors and interested parties abroad), the Grand Turk dolphin swim proposal was generally well-received by Government, which marketed it's supposed economic benefits. Previously, it was illegal to have captive marine mammals. However, in 2012, the Government, without any real consultation, and in strong opposition by the general population, changed the law to permit the dolphin encounter project.
The project was never built, likely due to the controversies with SeaWorld, and the backlash against captive marine mammals, which arose around the same time.
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Category Archives: Nathan Merritt
Coming to the Table In Honor of Jack Husted
October 16, 2016 11 Byram Dock Rd, Abolitionism in Connecticut, Abolitionists in Greenwich, Abolitionists in New York, African-Americans in 18th-19th Century Greenwich, African-Americans in Peekskill, Anthony Green, Anti-Slavery Society, Benjamin Woolsey Lyon, Bill of Sale, Byram, Byram Bridge, CT, Daniel Lyon, David Ruggles, Deacon Jonas Mead, Drake Husted, Erasmus Darwin Hudson, Fairfield County Anti-Slavery Society, Gilbert Lyon, Green, Harriet Green, Hawley Green, Heady, Husted, Jack Husted, John Brooks, Lavinia Brooks, Lavinia Lyon, Nancy Marvin Lyon, Nathan Merritt, Nathaniel Merritt, New York Committee of Vigilance, NY, Peg Green, Peter John Lee, Port Chester, Rev. Lyman Beecher, Rye, Second Congregational Church, Seth Lyon, Silas H. Mead, Slavery in CT, Slavery in Greenwich, Sloop Caroline, Sloop Jackson, Sloop New York, Sloop William, Thomas Lyon House, Union Cemetery, Westchester County, Whig Party, Whig Party and Anti-SlaveryMsVegatron
This blogpost is dedicated to Chris, Julie, and Charles. They are three of my Lyon cousins who have welcomed our family with open arms into the extended Lyon family. Today, we are unlocking the doors of our hidden shared family history together. This blogpost is an example of how “Coming to the Table” can benefit everyone. I would also like to thank Anne Young, a Greenwich historian, who has aided my research immensely.
Who Is Jack Husted?
Jack Husted is my 4th great-uncle, the 2nd son of my 4th great-grandmother Peg Green. Peg was a Lyon before she became a Merritt and later a Green. Peg was born around 1770 in Greenwich, CT and was raised in the household of Daniel Lyon (son of James, John, John and Thomas). Through our AncestryDNA Lyon cousin matches, we are connected to the Daniel Lyon line as well as other Lyon family lines. Peg was mulatto and it is highly likely that she was Daniel’s daughter by a slave. During slavery, it was quite common for slave owners to keep the children they had fathered with slaves around as house servants. Her actual relationship with her father may not have been publicly spoken about or acknowledged due to the nature of slavery. But, DNA doesn’t lie and there is an undisputed genetic link between our family and the family of Daniel Lyon. Peg was 5-10 years older than his other 4 daughters (Hannah, Lavinia, Elizabeth, and Loretta) and worked as a servant slave in his household. In 1790, Daniel sold Peg to Nathan Merritt, Jr. While she was in Nathan Merritt, Jr.’s household, she gave birth to Charles in 1791 and Jack in 1793. We know via our DNA cousins that Charles was fathered by a Merritt and we can assume the same now for Jack.
Peg’s 1790 Bill of Sale from Daniel Lyon to Nathan Merritt, Jr./Rye Historical Society
Jack’s birth record with name misspelled
On Peg’s Return to the Lyon Family
Peg returned to the Lyon family around 1794 and was living with Benjamin Woolsey Lyon in the James Lyon House near the Lyon Cemetery. Benjamin Woolsey Lyon was Daniel Lyon’s brother. In his household, she gave birth to Anthony Jr. in 1795 and Platt in 1798. These two sons were fathered by my 4th great-grandfather Anthony Green. Peg definitely met Anthony while she was in the Merritt household as Nathan Merritt, Jr.’s first cousin was John Green, Anthony’s slave owner. Peg and Anthony went on to have 3 additional sons together after she was emancipated in 1800 by Benjamin Woolsey Lyon. Their 5th son Allen, who was born in 1804, is my 3rd great-grandfather and he named one of his sons Benjamin Woolsey Green after him.
Birth records of Anthony, Jr. And Platt
Regarding Anthony, Jr., we know that he was mentioned in Benjamin Woolsey Lyon’s 1810 will. He was to stay in the care of Phebe Lyon, Benjamin Woolsey’s wife, until she died. If she died before his term was completed, then Anthony was to be set free. We know that Phebe lived until 1855 so Anthony was freed automatically under the 1784 Gradual Emancipation Act in 1820. We don’t know what happened to Platt as he is not listed in his will. We can only assume that he may have been sold and completed his gradual emancipation term with someone else.
In an 1894 Port Chester Journal article, John Brooks, the grandson of Daniel Lyon and son of Lavinia Lyon Brooks, who married Henry S. Brooks one of the founders of Brooks Brothers, mentioned Peg. He stated that Peg had grown a “little fresh” and so his grandfather gave her her freedom. This is factually incorrect as we know that Daniel’s brother Benjamin Woolsey Lyon is the one who emancipated her.
From the Lyon Memorial Book 3
Port Chester Article, May 17,1894
That being said, John Brooks may have given a reason though as to why she was sold. Was it to teach her a lesson? Had she forgotten her “place” in the family? Did the fact that she had given birth twice, probably as a result of a sexual assault by a Merritt male, make her Lyon family reclaim her? Did they regret selling her? Did they assume that she would have been well-taken care of in the Merritt household as they had taken good care of her? Who knows, but anything is plausible. Both Charles and Jack would have remained with Nathan Merritt, Jr., when she returned to her Lyon family, as they were considered his property until they were 25 years old. Under the 1784 Gradual Emancipation Act, they would be automatically freed after their terms were completed.
What I find interesting is that, in a Port Chester Journal article two years earlier, John remembered that his mother left him with Peg at his grandfather’s house when he was 3 years old. John was born in 1813 so that would mean that Peg was back with Daniel Lyon, in 1816, and was again working as his servant. We do know that in 1812, when the War of 1812 was going on, Peg and Anthony’s son Henry became a ward of the Town of Greenwich as his parents couldn’t take care of him. I often wonder what was going on that had such an impact on Peg and Anthony’s ability to take care of Henry. Did the War of 1812 have anything to do with it? Was it a bad year for farming? So many questions. In both articles, we see that Peg’s relationship with her Lyon relatives was long lasting and endured after she was emancipated. John mentions that when Peg visited NYC, she always stopped to visit his mother Lavinia and his family. The impact that Peg and Anthony clearly had on John is evident, as decades after their deaths, he still had fond memories of them and their family. I am also honored to be able to read about my Green-Merritt ancestors through the eyes of someone who actually knew them.
Port Chester Journal, March 17, 1892
The Sale of Jack at the Age of Three In 1796
Jack’s Bill of Sale/Greenwich Historical Society
I first saw Jack’s 1796 bill of sale last December at the Greenwich Historical Society. I had no words upon seeing his bill of sale. A slave at the age of three? My first thought was how much work could a toddler do? Tears. Who would be taking care of him in the absence of his mother? That he was born on Valentine’s Day only added another layer to my distress. It also made me wonder about Charles. Two brothers now separated from each other and their mother. No words. Right then and there, I was a silent witness to the bitter legacy of slavery that was all too real. My 4th great-uncle was sold for 15 pounds of New York money at the age of three.
After Anthony died in 1836, I came across an 1837 land sale record that listed all of his sons with the exception of Henry. Jack Husted and Charles Merritt were listed as his sons. It confirmed that Anthony had adopted Peg’s two oldest sons as his own. Jack married his wife Helen and was the father of 4 daughters — Jane Anne, Sarah, Nancy, and Lucinda. His wife Helen and daughter Jane Anne passed away in 1851 and are buried in Lot 23 in Union Cemetery in Greenwich. I was able to trace Jack up until the 1860 census when he is listed as being 67 years old and was still working as a gardener. He passed away sometime before 1870.
When Cousins Come to the Table From Both Sides of the Color Line, Historical Truth Reveals Itself
I met my distant cousin Julie Pollack a month ago upon first learning about the desecration of the Byram African-American Cemetery. Thanks to Jo Conboy of the Greenwich Preservation Trust, I was put in contact with several distant Lyon cousins who had been sent my blogpost about my Green-Merritt ancestors. Julie’s grandmother, Julia Lyon Saunders, was the last private owner of The Thomas Lyon House before the house was donated to the town as a museum in 1925. Julie was also one of my cousins who, along with other members of the Greenwich Preservation Trust, stood up for The Byram African-American Cemetery in 2014. This was a year before I even discovered our ancestors’ names. In our family’s 2-year absence regarding the whole cemetery issue, we are grateful to Julie and all our Lyon cousins for taking up the cause on behalf of our family’s ancestors — some who were also their cousins.
Julie, like me, is a family historian and genealogist. We are indeed kindred spirits and true kinfolk. I should add here that my Lyon line (Daniel, James, John, John, Thomas) included slave owners. Julie’s Lyon line were not slave owners, but did include abolitionists whom I will mention later. After Julie read my blogpost mentioning Peg, Anthony, and their seven sons, she made the connection to Jack whose bill of sale she had inherited. Simeon Lyon was the older brother of her 3rd great-grandfather Abraham Lyon. Julie told me that Simeon and his wife Mary Mills Lyon were childless and may have purchased Jack as a “proxy child” to take care of them as they age. Simeon passed away in 1807 and Julie had lost track of what happened to Jack. After she read my blogpost, she was happy to see that Jack went on to be reunited with his family and that he had a lived a productive life.
My Cousin Julie Pollock’s Family Tree
Julie was able to provide additional tidbits about Jack that gave me some sort of indication of the time he spent as a youth. In addition to giving me a copy of his 1796 bill of sale, she sent me a ledger page from Simeon’s book that showed what was spent on Jack in 1807. Jack was 14 years old and had been hired out, probably as a farmhand, which was quite common. I know from looking at my other Green-Merritt ancestors that boys, between the ages of 12-18, were often hired out as farmhands. Girls, at the same ages, worked as domestic servants. From the ledger page, we know that he was well-clothed, received some cash payments, and tobacco.
Simeon Lyon’s 1807 Ledger page on Jack
Jack’s Actual 1796 Bill of Sale
Jack’s Gap Years (1807-1820) and the Surname Husted
Julie and I both wondered what happened to Jack after Simeon’s death in 1807. We couldn’t locate Simeon or Mary’s will. Unlike me, she didn’t know until recently that he had taken the surname Husted as his last name. I recently went back to census records and looked for a Husted who owned a slave in 1810. Jack had to serve his 25 year gradual emancipation term until 1818 so he would have still been a slave in 1810. I was so happy to see that there was only ONE Husted who owned a slave and had one free black living with him. That man was Drake Husted. Looking at the 1820 census, Drake had two free blacks living with him and we can assume that the slave in 1810 was now free. That slave was no doubt our Jack Husted.
Jack Husted as a slave in 1810
Upon further analysis, I found that Drake was married to a Nancy Marvin Lyon who turns out to be the daughter of Daniel and Benjamin Woolsey Lyon’s brother James. After Simeon passed away, Jack was given to Nancy and Drake to complete his term. Did they buy him? I haven’t found a bill of sale yet, but he did end up with them for sure. This meant that Jack ended growing up in the household of a cousin of his. Peg and Anthony would have certainly been able to see him often as well.
Children of James Lyon (son of John, John, Thomas)
Nancy Marvin Lyon and Drake Husted
Julie and I have also been wondering where Simeon lived. In Benjamin Woolsey Lyon’s 1810 will, his homestead, which was the James Lyon House near the Lyon Cemetery, was listed. In addition, there were 8 other properties mentioned. Mary Mills, Simeon’s widow, is listed as living in one of his properties. Where Simeon’s house was probably the house that Benjamin Woosley Lyon’s son James occupied in 1830 near the Byram Bridge which was close to the Thomas Lyon House. It also appears that the wooden house may have burnt down between 1880-1900.
Mary Mills Lyon’s House In 1810
Benjamin Woolsey Lyon’s children were all underage when he died. In his will, he mentioned that they could not inherit the land until they became of age which would have been around the early 1820s. This meant that someone would have acted on their behalf until then. In his will, his wife Phebe was listed as his executrix, however, she declined and James Lyon, Benjamin Woolsey’s brother, and W.H. Husted were appointed as executers. Joshua Lyon, Benjamin’s cousin, was listed as being the person who appraised his estate inventory in his will. As stated before, James’s daughter Nancy took in my 4th great-uncle Jack when he was 14 years old.
Seth Lyon, Simeon’s nephew, bought Simeon’s home from Joshua Lyon, Jr., his first cousin, in 1823. This Joshua would be the son of Joshua Lyon, Sr. who appraised Benjamin Woolsey’s estate in 1810. Seth had a long, close relationship with both Simeon and Mary that lasted until her death. According to Anne Young, a Greenwich historian, Mary isn’t listed on the 1830 census at that location, but James Lyon, Benjamin Woolsey Lyon’s son is. This definitely points to a close relationship between all the Lyon cousins who lived in the Byram area. It must be also noted that there were multiple generations who lived at the Thomas Lyon House at one time.
From History of Rye (1660-1870) book by Charles Baird
Abolitionists in the Lyon Family: Seth and Gilbert Lyon
When Lyon cousins come to the table, so to speak, a wealth of collective family information is transferred. In the early 1800s, Seth and his brothers Fitch and Elias ran a family farm to market business. By the 1820s, they branched out to include owning the sloop William, named after Seth’s oldest son, that enabled them to sell their products (e.g., produce and apple cider) by taking advantage of new markets along the Hudson River as well as NYC. Later in the 1830s, they would transport Byram Blue Point granite stone from the quarries of Port Chester and Greenwich down to NYC. This stone ended up being used in the construction of the Brooklyn Naval Yard. Julie refers to these three Lyon brothers as being “farmer-mariners.” Gilbert Lyon was Seth, Fitch and Elias’s first cousin and the son of was Joshua Lyon, Sr. Like his cousins, Gilbert was also a “farmer-mariner” who owned three sloops — the Caroline, Jackson and New York. He also owned a lime kiln and vinegar business. Gilbert lived in “Lyon’s Point” which was a little over a mile down river from the Thomas Lyon House and the Byram Bridge. All four Lyon cousins would have required extra sets of hands to help them out with their farms and businesses.
Portrait of Seth Lyon
Captain Gilbert Lyon
Ad taken out by Seth Lyon/Stamford Advocate
The sloop “New York” owned by Gilbert Lyon/Stamford Afvocate
Ad placed by Gilbert Lyon/Stamford Advocate
Ad placed by Gilbert Lyon’s sons/Stamford Advocate
One of those hands was Peter John Lee also know as Henry. From 1830-1836, Seth Lyon employed Peter John to help him at home and with his family business. There is also some indication that he may have also been employed by Gilbert Lyon. Peter John Lee was a fugitive slave from Virginia who managed to escape to Connecticut as a young man between the ages of 16-24. In the six years he spent Lyon family, he married and had two sons. On November 26, 1836, he left the Thomas Lyon House, at the behest of a black acquaintance who was enticed by a $1.50 payment, and crossed over the Byram Bridge where he was apprehended by a group of slave catchers. His arrest was covered widely in the press at the time. Seth Lyon, who was also a Justice of the Peace, appealed to the Mayor of New York to no avail. But, it was Gilbert Lyon who first sounded the alarm about what happened to Peter John Lee just 2 days after his kidnapping when he walked into the office of The New York Sun, a conservative New York newspaper, and gave an account of what happened.
The NY Sun Article from November 28, 1836
Anti-Slavery Almanac 1836
Peter John was then taken back to Virginia where he was re-enslaved. Seven years later, he escaped again and made his way back to NYC before he eventually ended up in Canada with the help of the New York Committee of Vigilance under the leadership of David Ruggles, a noted black Abolitionist and Underground Railroad Station master. We don’t know what became of Peter John Lee after he arrived in Canada or if his family were able to reunite with him. Given the fact that he was previously caught, he may have even changed his name when he arrived in there. In 2014, the Thomas Lyon Jr. House was placed on the Connecticut Freedom Trail due to the abolitionist activities of our ancestor Seth Lyon.
Map showing Byram Bridge, the Thomas Lyon House and the James Lyon House where Simeon, Mary, and Jack lived.
Julie was so kind to send me a photo of a table, called “The Slave Table,” that Peter John, his wife and two sons no doubt used during their time with Seth’s family. There is also the possibility that Jack used this table as well since he would have grown up with Seth. Julie and I both wonder if Jack had any influence on Seth’s future abolitionist ideals since they grew up together. Seth would have known Peg and Anthony who were well-regarded in the community as well.
Table used by Peter John Lee and Family
Close-up of “Slave Table”
I also wonder about how my free black Byram ancestors lived in such a precarious state. What did their closeness to the Byram Bridge mean to them? Was the Byram Bridge a place to be feared as a result of the Lee kidnapping? Did they themselves fear being kidnapped and sold into slavery in the South? I am sure they knew Peter John Lee and his family. They were also literate so they would have been able to read the newspaper accounts of his capture. The fear of being kidnapped was REAL for both free and enslaved people and the Peter John Lee case only magnified that fear.
The Lyon Circumstantial Case For A More Active Involvement in Anti-Slavery Activities Than Previously Thought
I visited the Thomas Lyon House a week ago for the first time and had a tour. I was lucky enough to be accompanied by my cousin Pat, Jo Conboy and Eric Brower, both of the Greenwich Preservation Trust. It was great being in a space that I knew my ancestors occupied. Both Jo and Eric were kind enough to explain the details of the house to us. The former location of the old James Lyon House, where Simeon, Mary and Jack lived, was pointed out to me. It was directly across the street from where the Byram Bridge still stands today.
My cousin Pat, me, and Jo Conboy
Byram Bridge in 2016
As I stood outside the Thomas Lyon House, my mind kept going back to Seth and Gilbert Lyon. There had to be a lot more to their story other than harboring a fugitive slave. I have many black abolitionists in my family from Newark, NJ. One of them was an Underground Railroad station master named Jacob D. King, who built his UGRR houses in Newark in 1830, so my gut reaction was that there had to be more info out there about the Lyon cousins. Were they just “farmer-mariners” who were benevolent to employ someone like Peter John Lee or were they more involved in the anti-slavery movement than previously known? Did the Lyon family’s Quaker origins have an influence on them? My inquiring mind wanted to know. I asked both Jo and Julie if they knew anything else about Seth and Gilbert and they said they didn’t know anything else about them. I also began wondering if they were involved in the transportation of fugitive slaves. They did have sloops, didn’t they?
What else could I dig up on the Lyon cousins? In order to understand the Lyon cousins, we need to look at the larger socioeconomic and historic context in which they lived. What follows below is just the beginning of my research on my distant Lyon cousins. I immediately asked my cousins Julie and Chris about where their Lyon ancestors went to church. Julie said she had no idea, but Chris immediately told me that her Lyon and Husted ancestors went to Second Congregational Church. So, that is where I decided to start looking.
In Chains Unbound: Slave Emancipations in the Town of Greenwich, Jeffrey B. Mead mentioned that there were no anti-slavery societies in Greenwich and that the abolitionism was to be found in The Second Congregational Church, the Stanwich Congregational Church, and the North Greenwich Congregational Church. Abolitionists were actively involved in anti-slavery and Underground Railroad activities in and around Greenwich, CT in the early 1800s. One of these abolitionists was Deacon Silas H. Mead who was a deacon at the North Greenwich Congregational Church and who routinely spoke out against slavery. Another abolitionist was Shubral Brush of the Stanwich Congregational Church who likewise took up the abolitionist call. Then there was Deacon Jonas Mead of the Second Congregational Church. Deacon Mead was a well-known Greenwich abolitionist and Underground Railroad station master who routinely hosted prominent abolitionists in his home. He was also the Vice-President of the Fairfield Anti-Slavery Society and lived in Byram. [ I should add here that, in 1829, Rev. Lyman Beecher, father of Harriet Beecher Stowe, an ardent abolitionist in his own right, preached at Second Congregational Church.] Clearly, this church believed in the anti-slavery cause. Regarding Second Congregational Church, this is the church of my Green-Merritt ancestors as well as many members of the Lyon family, including Drake and Nancy Lyon Husted.
Knowing that the Lyons and the Husteds went to this particular church made me wonder if sitting in the very pews of this church had a larger impact on the Lyon family. Did being exposed to abolitionist/anti-slavery sermons and lectures in church make them more likely to take up the cause of a fugitive slave? Did Gilbert march into the NY Sun office two days after the Lee kidnapping because he himself believed in the anti-slavery cause or was he just advocating on behalf of his cousin Seth to get his employee back? And what about our Jack and other black Byram ancestors who also sat in the very same church? Did they take up the abolitionist cause? Did they aid their Lyon cousins in their anti-slavery activities? Maybe. What we do know is that Second Congregational Church was indeed a beacon of light for those who stood against the evils of slavery. It was within the walls of this church that people found support for their anti-slavery positions.
Deacon Jonas Mead/Fold3
One of the things that I was amazed to discover was just how close Gilbert Lyon lived to the abolitionist Deacon Jonas Mead. Gilbert lived directly across the Byram River from Deacon Mead. There is no doubt in my mind now that Gilbert would have been intimately acquainted with Deacon Mead and his beliefs both in and outside of church. Deacon Mead also hosted noted abolitionists like Dr. Erasmus Hudson, who was a member of the Connecticut Anti-Slavery Society and an agent of the American Anti-Slavery Society, at his home. For Jonas Mead to host him in his home meant that he had a ready anti-slavery audience waiting to receive updates on anti-slavery activities at both the state and national level. Gilbert and Seth may have known about and attended Deacon Mead’s anti-slavery meetings.
Map showing Thomas Lyon House, Gilbert Lyon, and Deacon Jonas Mead
Another discovery I made was that Seth, Gilbert, Gilbert’s son Alvah, and Thomas Lyon were members of the Whig Party. This is important because Northeastern Whig Party members were known to be businessmen who opposed slavery unlike their Southern counterparts. That the Lyon cousins were actively involved in Whig politics definitely posits them on the right side of history. Without a doubt, I believe that this is additional evidence that they did hold anti-slavery views and that they sounded the alarm about what happened to Peter John Lee because they were fundamentally opposed to the institution of slavery.
Hartford Times, April 15,1837
Hudson River Chronicle, August 14, 1838
Hudson River Chronicle, October 22, 1839
I should note that the Whig Party also included men like Deacon Silas H. Mead of the Stanwich Congregational Church— a man who was also a Greenwich Board of Selectman serving with Julie’s great-grandfather, Underhill Lyon. We can assume that Deacon Silas H. Mead also knew the Lyon family well because of their ties to the Whig Party. In addition, Greenwich was still a small community and most people knew each other. That both Seth and Gilbert Lyon were prominent members in their community makes this especially likely.
Hartford Daily Courant, September 9, 1840
The Whig Party fell apart in 1852 over the issue of the expansion of slavery in the newly acquired West Coast territories as well as the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 — a law that did not have the support of Northeast Whigs. After the collapse of the Whig Party, Northeastern Whig Party members became Republicans —the Party of Lincoln.
Now What About Our Greens?
Another research trail I am pursuing, which may or may not link to our distant Lyon cousins, is of a second Underground Railroad House in our extended family. This house was owned by Hawley Green, a cousin of my 2nd great-grandfather George E. Green. Hawley and his wife Harriet owned an Underground Railroad House at 1112 Main Street in Peekskill, NY. He bought this house from James Brown, a well-known Quaker anti-slavery proponent.
From Freedom Journeys: Black Civil War Soldiers and The Hills Community, Westchester County, New York by Edythe Ann Quinn, p. 27.
Hawley Green’s Underground Railroad House in Peekskill, NY Photo by John J. Curran in his book Peekskill’s African-American History: A Hudson Valley Community’s Untold Story
Mary Butler presented an affadavit in support of my 2nd great-grandmother in her Civil War Widow’s Pension Application. Mary offered sworn testimony that she had known my 2nd great-grandparents for 39 years and that they met at a church function in Sing Sing (now Ossining, NY). My 2nd great-grandmother, Laura Thompson Green, was accompanied by her family members at the time and that is how she met my 2nd great-grandfather. Mary and George Butler also ended up living in Newark, NJ in the late 1800s near Laura. The Peekskill Green connection is interesting. Hawley Green (1810-1880) was the same age as Anthony’s children. There is a Jack Green who fought in the Revolutionary War who was from “The Hills” which was a border region that linked Rye and Harrison, NY. The Byram section of Greenwich was also knows as Rye and the Lyon-Green-Merritt family has strong ties to that region. It may be that Jack Green is Anthony’s brother and an ancestor to Hawley. We also think that it is also quite possible that one of our Green female ancestors may have married generations later into Hawley’s line because Maria Louisa and my great-grandfather and his sisters have a very strong resemblance to her.
We are also looking into Harriet’s background. She was married prior to Hawley so Petersen is not her maiden name. Her first husband though may be related to our extended Green family. Thomas Green, son of Allen, married Emeline Peterson whose father was William Peterson. William may have been a sibling of Harriet Peterson Green. We believe their father may have been a Jacob Peterson.
Mary Butler’s 1900 Civil War Pension Affidavit
In 1860, George E. Green was living in Yorktown, NY, one town over from Peekskill, NY with a Solomon and Dinah/Diana Heady We have every reason to believe that there is a family relationship to the Headys because they were later buried in Union Cemetety as well. John Green and Charles Merritt also lived with Lazarus Heady, Jr., Solomon’s brother, in the 1850s and 1860s. There is no record of Peg ever having given birth to a daughter. The Headys were the mixed-race descendants of Thomas Hadden (1691-1761), a white slave owner from Scarsdale, NY who had a mulatto family whom he recognized in his will.
The Headys (Solomon, Lazarus,and Jacob) in the 1840 New Castle, NY census
Solomon Heady in 1840 New Castle, NY Census
1860 Yorktown, NY Census with Solomon Heady and George E. Green (son of Allen)
1850 Yorktown, NY Census with Lazarus Jeady and John Green (son of Thomas)
Death records, years unknown, of Solomon and Dinah/Union Cemetery, Greenwich, CT
To reiterate, slave ancestor research is very difficult as documentation is hard to come by before 1800. In the 1790, 1800 and 1810 census records for Greenwich, CT, African-Americans all had the surname “Negro.” Most African-Americans were first listed as people starting with the 1870 US census. My free black ancestors were listed as people way before that and I am grateful for that. And yet, the lack of surnames is a still a brutal reminder of the property status my ancestors had and I am left with a constant craving to find those who came before my oldest ancestors. That longing will never go away.
Below are two maps of Westchester County, NY and one includes Greenwich. The circles around the towns indicate where our Green-Merritt ancestors resided in the 1800s. African-Americans in Greenwich routinely traveled across the NY state border and took up residence in these towns. During slavery, they moved with their slave owners and, when freedom came, they moved on their own and set up residence across Westchester County. In her book, Freedom Journey: Black Civil War Soldiers and The Hills Community, Westchester County, New York, Edythe Ann Quinn discusses The Hills, an area where Harrison, North Castle and White Plains meet. In doing so, she had to also discuss Greenwich, CT as African-Americans in Greenwich shared ties with the USCT soldiers from the Hills. John C. Curran’s book Peekskill’s African-American History: A Hudson Valley Community’s Untold Story likewise discusses the African-American presence, not only in Peekskill, but also in Ossining, Yorktown, Cortlandt, and other Westchester towns.
Map of Westchester County, NY
Map of Westchester County, NY and Greenwich, CT
Returning to Hawley Green, we see that he interacted with both black and white abolitionists at the time, including Rev. Henry Ward Beecher, brother of Harriet Beecher Stowe and a radical abolitionist in his own right, and Harriet Tubman. Fugitive slaves, who found their way to his house, were sent on to Canada in the 1830s. Hawley and Harriet Green sold their home to William Sands, another abolitionist and Quaker, in 1839 who no doubt continued their Underground Railroad activities.
I find my Greenwich Green link to their Peekskill Green cousins fascinating because there may just be more to this story that links back to Greenwich. I also ponder what other anti-slavery activities my distant Lyon cousins were doing at the time to help other fugitive slaves. What other abolitionists did my Lyon cousins know? After the Lee kidnapping, did Greenwich become a place to avoid on The Underground Railroad? Or, did Greenwich’s anti-slavery advocates and Underground Railroad station masters adapt other means of shepherding fugitive slaves northward? Is it at all possible that Lyon sloops were used to transport fugitive slaves up the Hudson River? Were there African-Americans in Greenwich who helped on The Underground Railroad? Were their free blacks in Greenwich who took part in anti-slavery societies? Were their black abolitionists in Greenwich who worked in tandem with their white abolitionist counterparts? These questions and others are definitely valid research questions to pursue. I have a strong feeling that there is so much more documentation out there just waiting to be found.
A Look at Northern Slavery Personified: The Greens and Merritts of Greenwich, CT
July 27, 2016 29th Infantry CT Colored Troops, A.M.E. Zion Church, Anthony Green, Benjamin Woolsey Lyon, Blacks in Greenwich, Byram Cemetery, Daniel Lyon, Family, Genetic Genealogy/DNA Testing, Green, John Green, Little Bethel AME Zion Church, Merritt, Nathan Merritt, Peg Merritt, Slavery in CT, Slavery in Greenwich, Union Cemetery, USCT1790 bill of sale, Adele Matilda Merritt, Anthony Green, Bill of Sale, Byram, Daniel Lyon, Found Kin, John Sherman Merritt, Jr., Leila Bell Robinson, Nathaniel Merritt, Northern Slavery, Pegg Green, Pegg Merritt, Rye, slave ancestor, Slavery in CT, Sr.MsVegatron
God bless my Greenwich ancestors, both enslaved and free, whose life stories I am honored to tell almost 250 years later. We call your names so you will be remembered by all.
My Greens: George E. Green, Richard W. Green, Sr., Richard W. Greene, Jr. and Joyce Green Vega
I dedicate this blogpost to the following people: My cousin Andrea Hughes, who remains my main research partner and whose research skills were instrumental in my writing this blogpost; My grandfather, Richard W. Greene, Jr., who instilled in me a love of family history and pride; and to all my immediate and extended Green and Merritt family members who should feel proud that we descend from a group of people who survived slavery and went on to prosper. We are because they were. We come from strong New England stock indeed.
I would like to acknowledge the following people who have aided me in my research: Jeffrey Bingham Mead, whose all-important book, Chains Unbound: Slave Emancipations in the Town of Greenwich, Connecticut, presented me with the emancipation records of my 4th great-grandparents and who has been a great overall resource; Christopher Shields, Archivist at the Greenwich Historical Society, and Sheri Jordan, Director of the Rye Historical Society, both of whom helped me locate critical documents related to my ancestors; Barbara Lowden, Assistant Registrar of Vital Statistics at Greenwich Town Hall, for helping me search for my ancestors’ vital records, and Jean Thomson, Archivist and Historian at Second Congregational Church in Greenwich, for identifying church records pertaining to my ancestors.
Our Family’s Enslaved Roots
My Green and Merritt family history begins with my 4th great-grandparents, Peg Merritt and Anthony Green (also referred here as Tone). They were members of the pioneering enslaved class that began the walk to freedom so to speak. Their emancipation journey was long, arduous, difficult, and precarious at best. What follows below is an account of my ancestors slow crawl out of slavery and their slow jog to freedom. The fact that my enslaved ancestors persevered and eventually prospered is a very American story that needs to be told. I am honored to be able to tell their story.
Unlike most African-Americans who face a real struggle in locating their ancestors before 1870 —the year that African-Americans were first listed as people by their name—I was blessed to have been able to find a paper trail for my Greenwich ancestors that goes back to the late 1700s. As you will see below, this paper trail includes bills of sale, a letter of indenture, emancipation records, land records, wills, census records, etc. Because my ancestors were enslaved in the North, they were emancipated earlier and this led to an accumulation of records concerning them. However, before Peg and Anthony’s story can be told, a short overview of slavery in Connecticut is needed.
Overview of Slavery in Connecticut
The first African people to arrive in Connecticut came as the first colonial settlements were founded in the mid-1600s. These enslaved people were few in number. It must be mentioned that Connecticut slavery also included enslaved Native Americans who later intermarried with the burgeoning enslaved Black population in a way that alowed them to survive genocide, dispossession, and settler colonalism. However, as the wars with Native Americans continued and Native Americans were being decimated in the process of colonization, the preference for captive Africans increased. By the 1700s , there is a marked increase in the number of Black people being brought into Connecticut via the Caribbean and Africa. In 1680, there were about 30 enslavesd individuals in Connecticut and, by 1774, that number increased to over 5,100 enslaved people.
As the number of enslaved people increased, Connecticut instituted their own Black Codes. These were laws, enacted between 1690 and 1730, that proscribed the relationship between master and slave. These laws also did not distinguish between slaves and Free blacks. This meant that Black people had to carry a pass outside of town, could not be out after 9pm at night, could not sell items without proof of ownership and permission of their master, could not speak out against or strike their master or any white person, could not drink in public or create a disturbance, could not receive training in a militia, etc. Violation of any of these things would result in punishment, including whippings. However, Black people in general had some avenues in court to address issues concerning them by entering petitions and pleas and by making complaints.
There are some who mistakenly argue that slavery in the North was a more “benevolent” form of slavery versus slavery in the South. I categorically reject this assumption. To be enslavd is to be forever locked into the most dehumanizing and subjugating position one can be in without relief — one’s location does not matter. To be enslaved was to be at the absolute bottom of the social hierarchy. Of course, there are critical differences in the way slavery was experienced in Connecticut than that which was experienced in the South—namely, in size and scope. For the most part, when we discuss slavery in Connecticut, we are talking about farmers having 1-2 enslaved people working either as farmhands or as domestic servants. They lived in close quarters with their slave owners. Unlike the Southern system of slavery with its large plantations and anywhere from tens to hundreds of slaves, slavery in Connecticut was very small-scale and “family-centered” in scope.
The shift in how slavery, as an institution, was viewed changed as the Revolutionary War approached in the mid-1770s. The Connecticut anti-slavery movement played an instrumental part in getting a law passed in 1774 that banned the importation of slaves into Connecticut. The hypocrisy of fighting for freedom from England while continuing to enslave Black people became apparent and so the calls to end slavery grew louder. Though emancipation bills were defeated in 1777, 1779, and 1780, anti-slavery activists did not give up. At this point in time, Connecticut had the most slaves in all of New England. Finally, in 1784, the Gradual Emancipation Act was passed.
The Gradual Emancipation Act of 1784 was the beginning of the end of slavery in Connecticut. This act freed children born to enslaved women who were born after March 1, 1784. However, these children had to serve a term until they were age 25 for men and 21 years for women. Prior to these ages, the children with in the care of their parents and/or owners and had to work for their masters. They could also be apprenticed out to others until they gained their freedom. Slave owners were required to register the births of all children born after March 1, 1784 and were penalized if they did not. Of course, there were slave owners who did not comply with the law. Unfortunately, those enslaved children, who were born prior to March 1st, 1784, were considered slaves for life or until their owners emancipated them. In 1797, the Gradual Emancipation Act was amended. The age requirement for all was reduced to a term of 21 years for all and it prevented those under gradual emancipation from being sold out of state. By 1800, 83% of the Black population was free. By 1848, the year that slavery was officially abolished in Connecticut, there were only 6 slaves left in the state.
Slavery in Greenwich, CT
Jeffrey B. Mead’s book Chains Unbound: Slave Emancipations in the Town of Greenwich, CT is the only compilation of transcribed emancipation records that exists for Greenwich’s formerly enslaved people. In this sense, it is a groundbreaking book and excellent resource for descendants, like me, of Greenwich’s early Black population. According to Mead, slave labor was never widespread in Greenwich. He mentions that, in 1762, Greenwich had a population of 2,021 Whites and 52 Blacks and, in 1774, Greenwich had 2,654 Whites and 122 Blacks. By the time of the 1790 census, Greenwich had a total population of 3,175, of which only 49 individuals owned 80 enslaved people. The two largest enslavers owned 7 and 8 enslaved individuals respectively. Most Greenwich enslavers only had 1-2 slaves.
Greenwich enslaved people lived with their owners for the most part. The Bush-Holly House in Greenwich provides an example of the type of living quarters enslaved people occupied in the enslaver’s home during slavery. Joseph McGill, of the Slave Dwelling Project spent the night at the Bush-Holly House, with members of the organization Coming To The Table, and they describe their experiences here.
From Chains Unbound:Slave Emancipations in the Town of Greenwich, CT by Jeffrey B. Mead, p. 4.
The Enslavers of Our Family
Among the enslavers of my family were Daniel Lyon, Jr., Nathan Merritt, Sr., Nathan Merritt, Jr., Simeon Lyon, Benjamin Woolsey Lyon, and Captain John Green. From my research into these families, I learned that they were all part of the same geographically close, extended family. For example, Nathan Merritt, Sr. and the mother of Captain John Green, Mary Merritt Green, were siblings. This would make Nathan Merritt Jr. and John Green first cousins. Benjamin Woolsey Lyon’s wife was Phebe Merritt Lyon. Daniel Lyon, Jr., Simeon Lyon, and Benjamin Woolsey Lyon were all cousins and all 3 were descendants of Thomas Lyon of Greenwich, CT. John Green’s brother James’s children, Thomas Green, Nancy Green Husted, and Sarah Green Wilson, all maintained contact with the children and grandchildren of Peg and Anthony after their deaths. In fact, Sarah Green Wilson’s son, James Wilson, was the executor of 4 of my ancestors’ wills. From 1810-1870, the descendants of both enslavers and eslaved lived with or near each other.
It is my belief, that because the extended enslavers’ families lived in close proximity to each other, my ancestors were able to maintain a level of family cohesion that allowed them to survive slavery as a family unit. When you look at census records from 1790-1820, you see that the Merritts, Husteds, Wilsons, Lyons, and Greens all living near each other. This meant that, in some cases, Peg and Anthony were able to see their children frequently. Since both slave owners and slaves attended the same churches, this also provided a venue for them to reconnect with their children. That being said, both Peg and Anthony had to wait 30 years, from the time of her emancipation, for all their family members to be free.
Nutmeg State Enslaved: The Wait to be Free
On July 7th, 1790, my 4th great-grandmother Peg was sold to Nathan Merritt, Jr. by Daniel Lyon, Jr. She was 20 years old at the time. Because she was born around 1770, she was enslaved for life until she was emancipated. She was sold for “the sum of fifty pounds of New York money” to Nathan Merritt, Jr. As a young enslaved woman, she was subject to the whims of her enslaver which included being forced to have non-consensual relations. While enslaved with Nathan Merritt, Jr., Peg gave birth to her first son, Charles Merritt, on May, 11, 1791 and gave him the Merritt surname. Through DNA testing of a Charles Merritt descended cousin, who has a 4th DNA cousin match that descends from the family of Nathan Merritt, we know that her son Charles was fathered by a Merritt male. Her second son Jack, whose birth record recorded him as Tack, was also born when she was in the Merritt household on February 14, 1793. He was most likely fathered by a Merritt as well. Sometime before 1795, Peg returned to the Lyon family and was living with Benjamin Woolsey Lyon, brother of Daniel. This would make him the 3rd enslaver she had by the time she was 25 years old. It would also meant that she was separated from her sons as they were still owned by her prior enslaver and were considered his property.
Peg’s 1790 Bill of Sale/Rye Historical Society
Birth records of Peg’s first four sons which were required under the 1784/1797 Gradual Emancipation Act
We know that Peg met Anthony sometime in the early 1790s. Because Nathan Merritt, Jr. and John Green, Anthony’s enslaver, were first cousins, there is the high probability that they met at a family gathering of the enslavers prior to her being sold to Benjamin Woolsey Lyon. While she was enslaved by Benjamin Woolsey Lyon, she gave birth to Anthony Green, Jr. on December 3rd, 1795 and to Plato (Platt) Green on November 1st, 1798. From the mid 1790s onward, they were for all purposes a married couple.
While enslaved, Peg and Anthony had no control over their own lives or those of their children. They could be separated at any time from each other. This was very evident on August 18, 1796 when her son Jack was sold at the age of three by Nathan Merritt, Jr. who still owned him. Jack was sold for “the sum of 15 pounds of New York money” to Simeon Lyon of Greenwich.
Peg’s 2nd son Jack’s Bill of Sale/ Greenwich Historical Society
Going through Benjamin Woolsey Lyon’s will in 1809, we see that Anthony, Jr. remained enslaved in Benjamin Woolsey Lyon’s household as he is mentioned as “his negro boy Tone”. His value in 1809 was $75 and it was stated that he had to serve 25 years. Plato isn’t mentioned in his will so he may have been sold to someone else after Peg was emancipated.
Anthony, Jr. mentioned in Benjamin Woolsey Lyon’s 1809 will
Anthony, Jr.’s was worth $75 in 1809
It should be noted that Peg’s older sons Charles, Jack, and Anthony, Jr. would have been gradually emancipated after serving a term of 25 years according to the Gradual Emancipation Act of 1784. Her last 4 sons by Anthony—Plato, Allan (my 3rd great-grandfather), Henry and Solomon would have been required to only serve a 21 year term as the Gradual Emancipation Act of 1797 decreased the time that enslaved children had to serve by 4 years. This meant that Charles would be emancipated in 1816, Jack in 1818, Anthony, Jr. in 1820, Plato in 1819, Allen in 1825, Henry in 1829, and Solomon in 1831.
When Freedom Came: The Emancipation of Peg & Anthony Green
Peg was the first to be emancipated on April 12, 1800 by Benjamin Woolsey Lyon. She was now 30 years old. Among the newly emancipated, she would have had to fend for herself. Given that she was in a solid relationship with Anthony and may have been living with him then, it’s easy to assume that he may have been able to provide for her and their three sons —Allen Henry, and Solomon—born after she was emancipated, but this was not the case. Though Peg and Anthony are first recorded in the 1810 census as living as Free blacks with a household of 5, they were still not able to provide adequately for their children. In 1812, their son Henry became a ward of the town and was bound out to Nathan Merritt, Sr. of New Castle, West Chester County, NY until the 2nd day of May 1829. This letter of indenture specifically states that “with the consent and advice of Jabaz Mead, Justice of the Peace in said county put place and bind out Henry, a Negro boy (son of Margaret) a poor child whose parents do not take care of nor provide for him and who has become chargeable to the town…” In return for Henry’s labor, Nathan Merritt, Sr. was to provide “meat, drink, washing, lodging, clothing, and physic (exercise) during said term.” This letter of indentured was signed on April 15, 1812. Both Peg and Anthony may have appealed to him to take on their son Henry when they couldn’t provide for him. I would like to think that they leveraged personal ties to do so.
Actual 1810 Census Page with Anthony Green
Anthony “Negro” Green’s Family listed as Free Blacks in 1810
From Chains Unbound:Slave Emancipations in the Town of Greenwich, CT by Jeffrey B. Mead, P. 38
1812 Letter of Indenture for Henry Green/Rye Historical Society
The life of the formerly enslaved person was not easy. It was a constant struggle to survive and provide adequately for oneself. We do know that Peg had to wait another 16 years for Anthony to be emancipated after she was. On April 15, 1816, three months after Captain ohn Green died, Anthony was emancipated by his widow Mary Green and her son-in-law/nephew Thomas Green. Its worth noting that at the time John Green died, Anthony was valued at $100—the same sum of John Green’s beds and bedding items.
John Green’s Will mentioning Anthony’s value at the time of his death in 1816
Anthony had the same value as John Green’s 3 beds with bedding in his 1816 will
First Generation Freedom: From Enslaved to Landowners
After Peg and Anthony were emancipated, they slowly began to build a future for themselves and their children. It was through their sheer hardwork and determination that they were able to improve their lives. As Free Blacks, they hired themselves out as domestic servants and/or farmhands and saved money in the process. It was quite common for Greenwich slave owners to have both slaves and Free blacks working for them. On April 17, 1820, Anthony bought into a $5,000 land deal with some prominent men from Greenwich, CT and Rye, NY. These men were Thomas Green, Zopher Mead, Isaac Mead, Jabez Mead, William Robbins, Carr Robbins of Greenwich, CT and Samuel Pine, Samuel Lyon, and Elisha Belcher of Rye, NY.
Record of 4/7/1820 Land Deal/Greenwich Town Hall
There are so many questions that need to be asked about this land deal. It should be mentioned that Thomas Green was the nephew/son-in-law of John Green, Anthony’s former enslaver. Is it possible that Anthony continued to work for the Green family after emancipation? Is it possible that Thomas Green let him in on the land deal? Jabez Mead was also the Justice of the Peace who signed off on Henry’s letter of indenture. Did Jabez Mead know Anthony and Peg before this land deal? Did Samuel Lyon know Anthony and Peg from Benjamin Woolsey Lyon? In his 1840 will, Benjamin Green, a nephew of John Green, states that he is leaving land to his wife. He just happens to mention that some of his land borders the land of Mary Green and Anthony Green. Was Anthony’s property, next to Mary’s, purchased as part of the land deal? Mary and Anthony were around the same age and definitely knew each other their entire lives. Did Thomas and Mary help Anthony out? Anything is quite possible since Greenwich is a small town and there were few Blacks at the time. Anthony and Peg were well-known to the larger White Greenwich community.
1840 will of Benjamin Green’s mentioning Anthony Green’s land
As an aside, Jabez Mead, one of the men listed in the $5K land deal, is Jeffrey B. Mead’s 3rd great-grandfather. How wonderful it is to know that not only has Jeffrey been an asset to my research, but that his ancestor may have been instrumental in helping my 4th-great-grandfather accumulate wealth in the form of property.
By the mid-1820s, Peg and Anthony would see that most of their children were free. With Allen reaching the emancipation age of 21 in 1825, that meant that only Henry and Solomon were left to be freed. At some point before 1830, Peg must have passed away. We do not have an official death date for her. We don’t see her listed on the 1830 census. Peg and Anthony were around the same age in the 1820 census, but there is no woman in her age category with him in the 1830 census. When she died is anyone’s guess.
‘We do believe, however, that the most likely place for her and Anthony to be buried was in Byram Cemetry. This cemetery was built by the Lyon’s family for their descendants and included a Colored Cemetery for their enslaved and Free blacks. It would make perfect sense for Peg and Anthony to have been buried there as they were both affiliated with the Lyon family. There is no way to verify this though as no records were kept of the Black burials and no tombstones exist. Of course, this is just another way that our ancestors have been erased from the historical record.
Though Peg may have died before Anthony, both of them did get to see some of the next generation born free from the shackles of slavery. The Greens and Merritts were definitely fruitful and multiplied. Charles Merritt and his wife Catherine’s family included Abraham, Samuel, Jarvis, Ann, and Isaac. Jack Husted and his wife Helen had Nancy, Jane Ann, Sarah, and Lucinda. Anthony, Jr. and his wife Abigail expanded their family with Sylvia, Mary, Susan, Caroline, Anthony, III, and Henry. My third great-grandparents, Allen and Mary, went all out with Sarah, Thomas, Rebecca, Samuel, James, John, Charles, George, Darius, Anna, and Benjamin. Henry and his wife Tempy had Warren, William, George, Adelaide Louisa, Harriet, Frances, Susan, David, and Randolph. Solomon and his wife Lucinda only has a daughter, Ellen. We have no record for children for Plato.
It was Anthony who lived to see all his children emancipated. Without a doubt, he accepted both Charles and Jack — Peg’s oldest sons — as his own along with the five sons they had together. According to the 1830 census, his sons, Charles, Anthony, Henry, and Jack, all were living independently and working as laborers.
From Black and Free:The Free Negro in America, 1830 by Carter Woodson, p. 2
Anthony passed away sometime in 1836. We found a probate record mentioning that James Wilson was appointed the executor of his estate. His estate was only worth $198. Given that the value of his estate was low, it is safe to assume that he may have distributed his property to his sons before he died.
Anthony’s probate record in 1836/Stamford Government Center
Anthony Green’s 1836 estate value/Stamford Government Center
Second Generation Freedom: From Landowners to Freedom Fighters and More
After Anthony died, Plato, Allen, Jack, Charles, Solomon, and Anthony, Jr. were listed on a land sale record where they were selling $210 of land to a Henry Merritt of Greenwich.
1837 Land Sale Record from Peg and Anthony’s sons to Henry Merritt
This land record describes, “a certain tract of land with buildings in said Greenwich, being estate of our deceased father Anthony Green in quantity of one room, bounded North by land of Esbon Husted, East of land by Charles Merritt, South by land of Esbon Husted, and West by land of Esbon Husted.” The document was signed by Plato Green, Allen Green, Charles Merritt, Jack Husted, Solomon Green, and Anthony Green, Jr. The only son missing was Henry Green.
It should mentioned here that the man they sold land to, Henry Merritt, is NOT a descendant of Peg. Henry descends from a separate African-American Merritt line. This line can be traced back to Robert Merritt, son of Whitman, who was born in Greenwich in 1737. Whitman Merritt must have been born around 1720. This other Merritt line predates my family’s Merritt line. We know that our Charles Merritt was fathered by a White Merritt. We also know that my 4th cousin, William Merritt, is a direct descendant of this Robert Merritt AND via Joshua Green, Allen Green’s grandson. William has been DNA tested and has an African (Malagasy) haplogroup which reflects his Merritt line’s African ancestry. So, what this document tells us is that one Black family was helping another Black family purchase land in the 1830s.
In 1840, Charles, Jack, Anthony, Jr., Allen, Solomon and Henry are living in Greenwich with their families. Plato is the only one who we can’t find in any records for after the land deal above. He may have relocated out of state or passed away.
In 1850, we see three of the Green brothers living next to each other. Solomon and Jack Husted are living independently. It’s interesting to note that Charles Merritt is listed as Charles Green. This is the only census where he is listed as a Green and it may reflect more on the part of the census taker. That person may have asked one Green brother who lived next door and was told it was his brother Charles. Again, they continued to work as laborers and owned their property for the most part.
1850 Census showing Charles, Henry, and Allen Green
1850 Census showing Solomon Green
1850 Census showing Jack Husted
I should mention here that my Greenwich ancestors started attending Second Congregational Church in Greenwich in the 1840s. In 1851, Robert W. Mead deeded three acres of land to Second Congregational Church to be used as a cemetery for poor people and people of color. These three acres, that were to become known as Lot #23, were added to Union Cemetery which was owned by the church. As soon as Lot #23 was open, my ancestors were among the first to take advantage of this burial place and bought plots. I can only imagine how important it was for some of them to have tombstones erected. As you can see, my family has 17 Green, Merritt, and Husted ancestors buried in Union Cemetery in Greenwich.
Lot #23 Plot Purchase by Greens, Merritts, and Husteds/Vertical Files/Greenwich Historical Society
Greens, Merritts, and Husteds ancestors buried in Union Cemetery/Vertical Files/Greenwich Historical Society
Throughout the 1850s and 1860s, the children and grandchildren of Peg and Anthony can be seen living with, or next to, the descendants of their family’s former enslavers. For example, in 1850, Allen’s daughter Sarah is living with Nancy Green Husted and her husband Peter. Allen’s son Thomas is living with Mary Green, the daughter of John Green and wife of Thomas Green. Allen’s son James is living right next door with James Wilson, John Green’s great-nephew. In 1850, Allen’s son Samuel is living with John B. Wilson and Anthony, Jr.’s son Henry Green is living with Benjamin Woolsey Lyon’s son, Daniel Lyon. In 1860, Allen’s son Darius is also living with James Wilson. In 1860, Anthony, Jr., his wife Abigail, and son are living with Nancy Green Husted. The close relationship between the descendants of enslavers and enslaved can’t be denied. There is something that is to be said for the continuance of such a relationship for decades. It’s noteworthy if we consider as well the fact that James Wilson is the executor of Anthony, Sr., Anthony, Jr., Allen, and Charles’s wife Catherine’s wills. I should also add here that Mary Green left $250 each to both Anthony, Jr. and Allen when she died. There was definitely a level of trust and familiarity there for sure.
Mary Green’s will
Speaking of wills, the fact that Peg and Anthony’s children even had wills is a testament to them wanting to leave their children a little better off than they were. Looking at my 3rd great-grandfather Allen’s will, we are able to get an idea of what he had accumulated during his life that was then passed down to his children. Allen left everything to his wife Mary, but, after she died, he wanted everything split between their children, Thomas, Sarah, Samuel, John, George, Charles, Darius, and Benjamin. Only James was left out of his will though he was mentioned as a son. Both Rebecca and Anna were already deceased.
Allen Green’s will
Allen Green’s Personal Property
Allen left behind $1,985.07 worth of property. $1,600 was in real estate and the rest was in personal property. He clearly left valuable items behind that would be of use to his children. Cows, fowl, vegetable gardens, apples, hay, rye etc. could all be used for sustenance. Items like a horse, a wagon, farming tools, lots of furniture, a stove, grinding stones, looking glasses (mirrors), etc. would have been extremely valuable as well. When Anthony, Sr. died in 1836, his estate was valued at $198. 42 years later when Allen died, his estate was worth 10 times as much as his father’s. This should be considered progress by any manner, especially one generation out of slavery. They were making a way seemingly out of no way.
In the mid-1860s, the Greens and Merritts were witnesses to the events that were engulfing this nation as it veered towards the Civil War. The 29th Infantry Regiment, an all volunteer unit, was organized in Fair Haven, CT and mustered our in March 8, 1864 after beginning training at the end of 1863. It should be noted that the 29th Infantry Regiment was the first infantry to enter Richmond, VA at the close of the war. Of the 18 black men who fought in the 29th Infantry Connecticut Colored Troops from Greenwich, 7 are connected to my family. Direct ancestors include James H. Green, Charles E. Green, William Green, George E. Green, and Isaac Merritt. James and Charles are my 3rd great-uncles and William, George, and Isaac are my first cousins 4XR. In addition, Robert Peterson was the brother-in-law of my 3rd great uncle Thomas Green, who was married to Robert’s sister Emeline. Horace Watson’s daughter Annice was married to William Green. That my ancestors volunteered to fight in the war that gave way to the signing of the Emancipation Proclamation, only a generation removed from slavery themselves, is a source of great family pride. Charles, William, George, Isaac, and Robert are buried together in Union Cemetery until this day. May God bless them for their service to this country.
George E. Green, USCT, Union Cemetery
William Green, USCT, Union Cemetery
Robert Peterson, USCT, Union Cemetery
Charles Green or Isaac Merritt, USCT, Union Cemetery
Starting in the early 1860s, we see that our Green and Merritt ancestors started to leave Greenwich for other parts of Connecticut, Massachusetts, Westchester County, NY, New York City, and New Jersey. They left to pursue work elsewhere as farming opportunities dried up in Greenwich. For example, my 2nd great-grandfather George E. Green originally moved to Yorktown Heights, Westchester County before moving to New York City to work in the hotel industry. After serving in the US Navy during the Civil War, he ended up in Newark, NJ. Henry’s daughter Adelaida Louisa moved to New York City’s Harlem and married Charles Glasby, who fought for the 20th Infantry from New York, Company K, United States Colored Troops. Allen’s daughter Sarah moved to New Canaan, CT after marrying Marcus Smith whose paternal line goes back to Ned Smith who was born in 1774 in New Canaan. Charles Merritt’s grandson Norton L. Merritt ended up in Port Chester, NY in the 1880s and finally resided in Waterbury, CT by 1900.
That being said, we did have many ancestors who did stay behind in Greenwich. Some even left a mark there. We clearly see this in 1882 when 28 members of the Greenwich black community banded together and founded Little Bethel AME Church. Of the 28 original members, there were Charles Green, Catherine Merritt, Casella Merritt, Frank Merritt, and Mandeville Merritt — all ancestors of ours. Let the church say amen!
The Untold Story: What Our DNA Tells Us about Peg and Anthony
1) Growing up, we had always heard that the Green-Merritt line was “Mulatto” and that this line also had Native American ancestry. After having over 10 relatives tested on this line, we can say for certain that our oral history is correct. All of us have tri-racial ancestry with anywhere from 0.6% – 4% Native American admixture. This should not come as any surprise since we have colonial roots in Northeast and the first enslaved in the Northeast, including Connecticut, were people of African and Native American descent. This is certainly seen in our ethnic composition. As seen below, our cousin LC has Native American admixture of 4%, African admixture of 52%, European admixture of 39%, 4% West Asia admixture, and 1% South Asia/East Asia admixture. As an FYI, Native Americans were not identified as such in the 1790-1840 census records. This could be seen as one way to erase Native Americans from the historical records—paper gencide.
An example of a Green-Merritt cousin’s ethnic composition
2) Looking at all of our DNA cousins matches, it becomes quite clear that we all have Euro DNA cousins who descend from the founding families of Greenwich, CT and Rye, NY. These families include the Lyon, Merritt, Mead, Green, Purdy, Sherwood, Lockwood, Husted, Knapp, and Peck families among others. Why do we share a connection to Euro DNA cousins with these surnames? Well, because we must have have some ancestors in common. This would also make sense since all my family’s White slave owners were all interrelated themselves. We all know that consensual and nonconsensual relations occured during slavery and after. This is something that some people don’t want to acknowledge. However, history can’t be denied as DNA has the power to uncover hidden truths.
Below shows a Lyon DNA cousin who is sharing 7.8 cMs with my cousin Andrea. He is a direct descendant of John Lyon who was born in Greenwich in 1706. John Lyon’s father was Thomas Lyon, a descendant of Thomas Lyon of Rye.
DNA cousin with a John Lyon ancestor
DNA cousin with descent from the Lyon family
John Lyon was the son of Thomas Lyon
3) There is a high possibility that both Peg and Anthony were “Mulatto.” The case for Peg being mulatto stems from the fact that quite a few of us have Euro DNA cousins who are directly related to a number of Lyons who descend from Thomas Lyon, including her first slave owner Daniel Lyon. I should add here that my 3rd great-grandfather Allen did name his son Benjamin Woolsey Green after Peg’s last slaveowner. The question begs to be asked why? Did he name him after a possible relative?
With Anthony, the evidence seems to be more circumstantial. It is very clear that Anthony had a special relationship with the extended Green family that seems highly preferential. That he was given the freedom to live with Peg before his emancipation, was included in a substantial land deal, owned property directly near a number of members of the Green family, had children and grandchildren living with the descendants of his former slave owners for up to almost 60 years later, and had children who received money when these slaveowners died, makes me wonder as to why? Was this just a simple case of rewarding a man who used to be enslaved by them and who may have worked for them after he was emancipated? Or, was there also a genetic component involved in this special relationship where Anthony, Sr. and his family were being looked after by their former enslavers and their descendants on some level? Was Anthony fathered by a wWite Green? Of course, this would not be the first time that a White enslaverr took care of their “Mulatto” biological children. With DNA becoming more common and being used to break down genealogy brick walls, I hope we one day have more definitive answers to these questions.
And Now You Know….
Teresa and Elisa D. Vega
Last Fall, I went to Greenwich Town Hall and to the Greenwich Historical Society to do some research with my sister Elisa. We stopped at a 7-11 to buy some drinks. The man behind the counter immediately blurted out that “we must be from the City.” In true Gemini quick-witted fashion, I responded, “Actually, we have deep roots here going back to the 1700s.” He didn’t say anything after that, but we got a good chuckle out of it. I recount this story because there are many people today who don’t know the history of Greenwich. Though my ancestors may have left due to economic reasons and some may have been priced out because of the rising property values as Greenwich because wealthier in the 1900s, some of Peg and Anthony’s descendants still live nearby. My cousin Pat lives close to the Thomas Lyon House. My cousin Ana lives in Stratford, CT. My cousin Eddie lives in Yonkers, NY. And, yes, I do live in New York City…a short train ride away.
Many people do not know that, once upon a time, there were enslaved people who lived in Greenwich, CT BEFORE the Revolutionary War. They know even less about the lives of these individuals and how they made the transition from slavery to freedom. Out of the darkness born of slavery in Greenwich, my family took the steps necessary to walk in the light of a freedom certain when emancipation came calling. I hope that in telling the stories of my ancestors that I, in some small way, rendered them visible and made their stories known. We will continue to claim Greenwich as our home because it always was.
Chains Unbound:Slave Emancipations in the Town of Greenwich, Connecticut:
http://chainsunboundgreenwichct.blogspot.com
Slavery in Connecticut:
http://slavenorth.com/connecticut.htm
Green Family Genealogy:
http://www.ctgenweb.org/county/cofairfield/pages/stamford/green_data.htm
29th Infantry Connecticut Colored Troops:
http://connecticuthistory.org/the-29th-regiment-connecticut-volunteers-fought-more-than-one-war/
Black and Free:The Free Negro in America, 1830, A Commentary on Carter Woodson’s “Free Negro Heads of Families in the United States in 1830, Ed. By Alan Abrams, Sylvania, OH: Doubting Thomas Oublishing, LLC, 2001.
Please see the companion blog post How NOT to do Genealogy Research: The Case of John Sherman Merritt
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Destiny and Free Will
Who can see the future?
One common misconception about Santería is that it involves fortune telling, which gives rise to a lot of criticism and scorn from outsiders. For example, people who don't believe in the supernatural, the divine, or anything outside of empirical fact reject fortune telling as superstitious nonsense. They say fortune tellers are charlatans and crooks who prey on gullible people. Many Christians say that fortune telling is a sin because it challenges the notion that anyone or anything other than God knows what the future holds. They teach their children that fortune tellers are instruments of the devil. While everyone has a right to their own opinions, let's start with an important piece of information: Santeros/as and Babalawos aren't fortune tellers. They're priests. And divination, when done properly by people with the proper credentials and training, is a religious service through which God and God's messengers, the Orichas and the Egun (spirits of the dead) speak directly to the client through consecrated spiritual tools -- the dilogún (cowrie shells), the epule (babalawo's divining chain), the obi (pieces of coconut), or kola nuts.
Divination isn't a parlor game, and not just anyone can do it. For example, only Santeros/as who are fully initiated and who have trained to read the dilogún are able to cast the shells and do readings for clients. Many Santeros/as don't do dilogún readings (which are called consultas or registros) because dilogún reading requires extensive study and years of practice to master, similar to the way a rabbi might study the Torah. Some Santeros/as simply don't have the time, patience or interest to learn it, and some don't have that particular kind of aché (the gift, the talent or skill given by God). Babalawos, who are the priests of Orula, are among the most skilled diviners because Orula, among the Orichas, is the master diviner. Babalawos spend many years studying the odu (patterns) that can fall when they throw the epuele chain. They work under the guidance of elders and memorize vast numbers of patakis (sacred stories) and refranes (proverbs) that relate to each odu. The dilogún and the epuele chain have to be consecrated in special ceremonies, otherwise they don't have the aché to communicate with the Orichás. So, it's not just a question of going to the store, buying some shells, throwing them, and consulting a book to see what it all means. In many Lucumí communities, diviners carefully guard their knowledge of the odu because it's powerful and sacred information that shouldn't be shared with outsiders. Today, there are books on how to read the odu, but that's like giving a cookbook to someone who doesn't know how to cook, doesn't have the right tools, and doesn't know how to turn on the stove. It's only going to go so far.
Orula is the master diviner
So, what is divination good for then? First, it's important to understand that in the Lucumí tradition, all humans are born with a destiny that is known only to God and his messenger Orula. We choose our own destiny by choosing the head that will be attached to our bodies when we come to earth. This is one reason the crown of the head is considered a powerful spiritual force in its own right, and the head needs to be protected. Santeros/as often cover their head with a white scarf or white cap; they don't like rain, the midday sun, the light of the moon to touch their heads; and they don't let other people touch their heads, either. Our head contains our destiny, and our head is vulnerable to outside influences. When we're born, we forget what destiny we've chosen for ourselves, and throughout our lives, we have to try to figure out what our destiny is and live in harmony with it. Consultas, or divination sessions, are one way to do that. Through the odu that falls on the mat, the Orichas speak and let the client know if all is going well (he has iré, blessings) or if there are problems (osorbo, obstacles). As a person works through and removes the obstacles, he comes more into harmony with his true destiny, and thus lives the life that God meant for him to have. Destiny exists as a concept in the Lucumí worldview but it is a destiny that allows free will. The individual chooses his own head (picking a good one or a bad one); in life, the individual can follow the advice given by the Orichas during consultas, or he can ignore them. At every turn, the individual chooses how he's going to live. He might make ebo (pay tribute to the Orichas, give them offerings) or he might refuse to make ebo. He can modify his behavior according to the advice given by the Orichas, or he can refuse to change. Questions like how long will a person live, will he be healthy and happy, will he be prosperous depend on the destiny that was chosen by that person before he came into the world, and the choices he makes during his lifetime. This is why it's not accurate to think of Lucumí divination as fortune-telling. It is more accurate to think of it as a mirror held up to show the individual what his life looks like, and what he can do to fix it, if there are problems.
Kids Get Well Gifts link
I see that we can find nice gifts for our children.
Eñi Achó Iyá is a practicing Santera, daughter of Ochún. She's also an academic with a PhD in Spanish and Latin American culture.
Photos used under Creative Commons from burr0ughs, cristee12, cuatrok77, babasteve, FAB O LENS, awnisALAN, Javi Vte Rejas, *clairity*, proudcanadianeh, redwood 1, Vacacion, surrelmar
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Comics To Film News
Marvel Studios begins production of epic feature “Marvel’s The Avengers”
April 27, 2011 - 03:06
Production has commenced today in Albuquerque, New Mexico on Marvel Studios’ highly anticipated movie “Marvel’s The Avengers,” directed by Joss Whedon (“Serenity”) from a screenplay by Whedon. The film will continue principal photography in Cleveland, Ohio and New York City. Robert Downey Jr. (“Iron Man,” “Iron Man 2”) returns as the iconic Tony Stark/Iron Man along with Chris Hemsworth (“Thor”) as Thor, Chris Evans (“Captain America: The First Avenger”) as Captain America, Jeremy Renner (“Thor,” “The Hurt Locker”) as Hawkeye, Mark Ruffalo (“The Kids Are Alright”) as Hulk, Scarlett Johansson (“Iron Man 2”) as Black Widow, Clark Gregg (“Iron Man,” “Thor”) as Agent Phil Coulson, and Samuel L. Jackson (“Iron Man,” “Iron Man 2”) as Nick Fury. Set for release in the US on May 4, 2012, “Marvel’s The Avengers” is the first feature to be fully owned, marketed and distributed by Disney, which acquired Marvel in 2009.
Continuing the epic big-screen adventures started in “Iron Man,” “The Incredible Hulk,” “Iron Man 2,” “Thor,” and “Captain America: The First Avenger,” “Marvel’s The Avengers” is the Super Hero team up of a lifetime. When an unexpected enemy emerges that threatens global safety and security, Nick Fury, Director of the international peacekeeping agency known as SHIELD, finds himself in need of a team to pull the world back from the brink of disaster.
Based on the ever-popular Marvel comic book series, first published in 1963, “Marvel’s The Avengers” brings together the mightiest Super Hero characters as they all assemble together on screen for the first time. The star studded cast of Super Heroes will be joined by Cobie Smulders (“How I Met Your Mother) as Agent Maria Hill of SHIELD, as well as Tom Hiddleston (“Wallander”) and Stellan Skarsgård (“Angels & Demons,” “Mamma Mia!”) who will both reprise their respective roles as Loki and Professor Erik Selvig from the upcoming MarvelStudios’ feature “Thor.”
“Marvel’s The Avengers” is being produced by Marvel Studios' President, Kevin Feige, and executive produced by Alan Fine, Stan Lee, Louis D’Esposito, Patty Whitcher, and Jon Favreau. Marvel Studios’ Jeremy Latcham and Victoria Alonso will co-produce.
The creative production team also includes Oscar® nominated director of photography Seamus McGarvey (“Atonement”), production designer James Chinlund (“25th Hour”), Oscar winning costume designer Alexandra Byrne (“Elizabeth: The Golden Age”), Oscar winning visual effects supervisor Janek Sirrs (“Iron Man 2,” “The Matrix”), visual effects producer Susan Pickett (“Iron Man,” “Iron Man 2”), stunt coordinator R.A. Rondell (“Superman Returns”), and four-time Oscar nominated special effects supervisor Dan Sudick (“Iron Man,” “War of the Worlds”). The editors include Oscar nominated Paul Rubell (“Collateral”) and Jeffrey Ford (“Crazy Heart”).
Marvel Studios most recently produced “Iron Man 2” which was released in theatres on May 7, 2010. The sequel to “Iron Man,” starring Robert Downey Jr. and Gwyneth Paltrow as well as Don Cheadle, Scarlett Johansson and Mickey Rourke, took the number one spot its first weekend with a domestic box office gross of $128.1 million. To date the film has earned over $620 million in worldwide box office receipts.
In the summer of 2008, Marvel produced the summer blockbuster movies, “Iron Man” and “The Incredible Hulk.” “Iron Man,” in which Robert Downey Jr. originally dons the Super Hero’s powerful armor alongside co-stars Terrence Howard, Jeff Bridges and Gwyneth Paltrow, was released May 2, 2008 and was an immediate box office success. Garnering the number one position for two weeks in a row, the film brought in over $100 million its opening weekend and grossed over $571 million worldwide. On June 13, 2008, Marvel released “The Incredible Hulk” marking its second number one opener of that summer. The spectacular revival of the iconic green goliath grossed over $250 million in worldwide box office receipts.
Marvel Legends Series Avengers Action Figure Vision
Marvel Legends (Toybiz) Series 8 Classic Captain America (2004)
Marvel Legends (Toybiz) Grey Hulk Action Figure (2005)
Shazam/Captain Marvel – Public Enemies Action Figure (2005)
Marvel Legends Peggy Carter
Marvel Legends Series Red Skull
Marvel Legends the Hand Ninja
Marvel Comics – With Great Powers Come Great Responsibilities
Marvel Comics On-Sale 06/03/2020
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Church of latter-day Saints
Church of latter-day Saints in Grande Prairie Alberta provides local funeral services. It is located at 11202 102 Street in Grande Prairie, AB with a postal code of T8V 2V9. Call Church of latter-day Saints for more information about funeral and memorial services, preplanning and funeral arrangements. Before visiting the funeral home, be sure to verify its address, hours of operation, and if going to someone's funeral - funeral visitation and service times. The telephone number is 780-532-1120.
View the maps of Church of latter-day Saints and find driving direction to 11202 102 Street in Grande Prairie, AB T8V 2V9. The geocodes coordinates are 55.1816 -118.801.
Church of latter-day Saints is one of the funeral service providers in Grande Prairie, Alberta. Listed below are other nearby funeral homes, Churches, memorial chapels, cemeteries, crematoriums and mortuaries. Select closest funeral homes to Church of latter-day Saints for more information or browse by surrounding cities below.
Funeral Homes in Grande Prairie AB
Christian Fellowship Assembly
Oliver's Funeral Home & Crematorium
Church of latter-day Saints Obituaries/ Death Notices
Road for almost 100 vehicles, from small cars to big rigs, to pull in on their journey from Alberta to Parliament Hill with a message for federal politicians. Alexandre Caron "This is about more than pipelines," Caron says. "This is about government. This is about all the provinces having different issues. It's about getting back the political process."The United We Roll Convoy for Canada, a caravan of transports, work vehicles and personal automobiles, left Red Deer, Alta., last Thursday bound for Ottawa and a protest on Parliament Hill Tuesday."The media and the government have divided the provinces," Caron says. "We want to fight for our freedoms and our rights. We want fair government.""We are watching Justin Trudeau slowly strip away every right we had," Sarah Zaldinger, of Timmins, said as about two dozen supporters waited for the convoy to arrive, sharing updates on when the parade would roll into town."He is stripping the future of my children and their children and their children," Zaldinger said. "They are being set up for failure. Their rights, their future, will all be destroyed if we don't stand up now."Although she was not part of the convoy to North Bay, Zaldinger was going to join it Tuesday morning for the rally in Ottawa as part of her own objective of "direct democracy."And direct democracy is possible, she said.Zaldinger pointed to a recent Amber Alert sent to cellphone users across the province when a little girl was reported missing, saying the same system could be used to make sure everyone gets a voice."We could all be given a choice. It could be done," she said. "But it is not bein...
Clark Davey, 1928-2019: 'The true journalist of journalists' - Ottawa Citizen
Monday in Ottawa. He was 90."He was far-sighted and funny, and cared deeply about journalists and journalism," says Lucinda Chodan, editor-in-chief of the Montreal Gazette, who arrived there as an arts reporter in 1984, a year into Davey's tenure as publisher. "You can see that in the incredible role he played in founding the Michener Awards Foundation and fostering great journalism in Canada."The fact that he was managing editor of the Globe and Mail and publisher in Ottawa, Montreal and Vancouver shows his versatility and his great track record. When he was at a news organization, things got better."Russ Mills, whose two tours of duty as publisher of the Ottawa Citizen sandwiched Davey's, described Davey as "a legendary figure" in journalism, whose breadth of experience made his counsel regularly sought by other publishers and editors.Davey followed the news closely, right up to the end. According to Mills, Davey attended weekly round-table lunches at the Rideau Club, and at last week's, for example, was active and up-to-date discussing the SNC-Lavalin file.Davey was born in 1928 in Chatham, Ont. His career might have taken a completely different arc had his poor vision not kept him from attending Royal Roads Military College in B.C. He was heartbroken after failing his medical, but an English teacher told him that people would pay him to write. So he enrolled in the first journalism degree course taught at University of Western Ontario, graduating in 1948 and joining the newsroom of the Chatham Daily News.There, he worked under Richard "Dic" Doyle, but moved to Kirkland Lake when the Thomson newspaper chain made him editor-in-chief of the Northern Daily News. His time...
https://ottawacitizen.com/news/local-news/clark-davey-1928-2019-the-true-journalist-of-journalists
Dozens of bikers attend funeral for Hells Angels member gunned down in Peel - Yahoo News Canada
Mississauga earlier this month.Motorcycle club members from across Ontario and as far away as Quebec and British Columbia attended a service for Michael Deabaitua-Schulde at the Vescio Funeral Home in Woodbridge.Deabaitua-Schulde, 32, was described by police as a "well-entrenched" member of the notorious motorcycle gang's Niagara chapter. He was gunned down in the parking lot of HUF Boxing Gym on March 11, in what investigators called a targeted hit.Police have arrested four men from Montreal in connection with the daylight slaying.View photosPaul Smith/CBCMoreMany Hells Angels, along with members of allied outlaw motorcycle clubs - commonly called "support clubs" - were seen milling about outside the funeral home before the service began. There was also a heavy police presence, with officers from the OPP and York keeping a close eye on those in attendance.Funerals for club members often offer police a rare opportunity to keep tabs on the who's who of the biker underworld.The Hells Angels have hundreds of members in Canada. The gang first moved into Ontario in 2000, after they emerged victorious in a bloody biker war in Quebec fought against the Rock Machine MC.View photosPaul Smith/CBCspan data-...
https://ca.news.yahoo.com/dozens-bikers-attend-funeral-hells-213937721.html
Convicted sex offender Donnie Snook allowed escorted absence from prison - CBC News
Former Saint John city councillor Donnie Snook has been granted an escorted temporary absence from prison following the death of his father.Police say Snook, who is serving an 18-year prison sentence for abusing boys in two provinces, will be in St. John's, N.L., until Saturday.Correctional Service Canada notified the Royal Newfoundland Constabulary of Snook's arrival in St. John's earlier this week, according to Const. James Cadigan."He's only permitted to attend particular locations in the accompaniment of correctional officers and he'll be returned," Cadigan said.Snook's father died Feb. 24. The funeral will be held in St. John's on Friday, according to an obituary.Snook will be held at Her Majesty's Penitentiary, a provincial jail, overnight during his time in St. John's, Cadigan said.In 2013, Snook admitted to 46 sex crimes against children, including sexual assault, making and distributing child pornography, and extortion.'He hurt a whole community'Snook's crimes sparked outrage and shock in Saint John, w...
https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/new-brunswick/snook-temporary-absence-1.5037098
He loved his siblings, he was with his younger brother every day, he brought him shopping, brought him out to eat all the time, he was always hanging around us – it was all about family," she said Tuesday.Three people were rushed to Stratford hospital after a Chrysler 300 crashed around 3:30 a.m. at the intersection of Embro Road and Erie Street, according to police. Millar was pronounced dead at hospital, police said. The intersection of Erie Street and Embro Road in Stratford was the scene of a fatal, single-car collision early Sunday morning. (Galen Simmons/The Beacon Herald) Favian Lee-Allert, a 19-year-old Burlington resident, has been charged with impaired driving causing death, police said. He was released on recognizance Monday and is scheduled to return to court on Nov. 19, court staff confirmed Tuesday. The allegation has not been proven in court.The driver and a female passenger were initially listed in fair condition by police. The driver was released and arrested and the other passenger has also been released from hospital, Insp. Mark Taylor said.Millar and the driver were friends, Lundrigan confirmed, but she didn't know where they were headed at the time or who the woman in the vehicle was."All I know is Eric was wearing his seatbelt," she said, confirming he was in the backseat at the time.Police said the vehicle was heading west on Embro Road when it hit a boulevard, went across Erie Street and came to rest on a lawn on the northwest side of the street."He hit that boulevard pretty much straight on ...
Send Funeral Flowers to Church of latter-day Saints
Send beautiful funeral flower arrangements to Church of latter-day Saints for funeral viewing, visitation or burial service. Sympathy flowers is a beautiful and heart-felt way to say good-bye to a cherished friend or loved one. Honor their memory and extend your support to their grieving family with gorgeous flowers.
Sympathy Flowers to Church of latter-day Saints
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Continental Divide Trail Coalition Announcement May 14, 2020
May 27, 2020 By A Danielle
LAKE CITY, Colo. (May 14, 2020) – Nestled in the San Juan Mountains at the headwaters of the Gunnison River, Lake City, Colorado, is a small community known for its mining heritage, its pristine beauty, and the plentiful opportunities it offers to enjoy the natural areas surrounding it. Beginning next week, Lake City will also be known for the role it plays as a gateway to an outdoor destination that brings visitors from around the world to southern Colorado each summer – the Continental Divide Trail.
On Thursday, May 21, at 7 PM MT, the Continental Divide Trail Coalition (CDTC) will welcome Lake City as the newest official Gateway Community to the 3,100-mile Continental Divide Trail during a virtual designation ceremony streamed live on Facebook. CDT Gateway Communities are trailside towns recognized by CDTC as welcoming destinations for trail visitors, dedicated to protection and promotion of the trail. Lake City will be the seventh CDT Gateway Community in Colorado.
“Although we’re not able to sign the proclamation in person, we’re incredibly excited to officially designate Lake City as a CDT Gateway Community.” said Teresa Martinez, Executive Director of CDTC. “As a town that is so clearly dedicated to enjoying both the recreational and economic benefits of the public lands that surround it, Lake City will fit naturally into the greater network of CDT Gateway Communities who value the trail and are interested in contributing to its stewardship.
While the dedication was originally scheduled to take place during the annual San Juan Solstice ultramarathon in June, the race was canceled due to ongoing concerns about COVID-19. The virtual format, however, will allow Lake City lovers and CDT enthusiasts from all over to take part in the celebration.
“There’s a tremendous amount of love for Lake City, our trail, and our trail-champions, so we are really very excited about this!” said Hinsdale County Commissioner and Lake City resident, Kristine Borchers. “Hinsdale County is a community and landscape bound by pathways: the Silver Thread Scenic Byway, the Alpine Loop Backcountry Byway, and some of the best-groomed snowmobile routes in Colorado. The Continental Divide Trail traverses our county in 71.7 miles over three segments. The designation of Lake City as a Gateway Community is an inspiring step for us in the stewardship and celebration of our trails.”
Along with celebrating Lake City’s dedication to outdoor recreation and stewardship, the designation will bring a taste of the town’s laid-back mountain culture to living rooms across the country with musical performances from local musicians, Wylie “Crazy Horse” Jones and Kris Bloomer.
“I’m honored to be playing the celebration,” said Wylie “Crazy Horse” Jones. “I’m a long-distance hiker that’s thankful to have spent a lot of time in Lake City and on the Divide. It’s my favorite place to hang out, play music, and stop on trail, in no small part to one of my best friends, Lucky, who built and runs Raven’s Rest Hostel.”
Lake City has long been known for its diverse outdoor opportunities, from fishing and horseback riding to mountain biking and, most famously, motorized and off-highway vehicle recreation, but it’s only recently become a popular destination for Continental Divide and Colorado Trail hikers. Thanks to an organized network of “Trail Angels,” thru-hikers can catch a free ride 17 miles into town, and most opt to stay at the Raven’s Rest Hostel, which was founded in 2012 by former thru-hiker, Cionnaith “Lucky” O’Dubhaigh. Thanks to O’Dubhaigh’s efforts to dispel skepticism toward long-distance hikers, Lake City residents now value the economic power these visitors bring to their town, and local businesses work during the busy summer hiking season to provide needed goods and services to hikers.
The virtual designation ceremony is free to the public and will be streamed Thursday, May 21, at 7 PM MT via Facebook Live at www.facebook.com/continentaldividetrailcoalition. The Facebook Live video can be viewed by anyone, regardless of whether they have a Facebook account, and will be available for replay at the same link.
Press release from https://continentaldividetrail.org/2020/05/14/lake-city-becomes-newest-cdt-gateway-community/
Filed Under: Blog, DIRT, Town of Lake City
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46F ~ 59F Dongguan Weather
With the most expensive ticket at 769 yuan, who gave Shanghai Disneyland the courage to raise the price?
Price adjustment three times in five years, the reason is geometric
Shanghai Disneyland, fulfill my fairy tale dream, childhood fairy tale fantasy, girl heart, princess dream, will be satisfied here. However, in the real world, "dream" is "clearly priced", and the threshold of "dream" is getting higher and higher...
According to the Shanghai Disney resort website announcement released since January 9, 2022, the Shanghai Disney resort will be under the current level 4 fare structure adjustment of Shanghai Disneyland ticket prices, among them, the regular day tickets for 435 yuan, the special regular day tickets for 545 yuan, peak day tickets for 659 yuan, special peak day tickets for 769 yuan. In addition, annual card prices remain unchanged.
In fact, this is the third time Shanghai Disneyland has adjusted its ticket prices since it opened in 2016. When Shanghai Disneyland opened in 2016, it adopted a two-tier pricing system, with 370 yuan for weekday admission and 499 yuan for peak admission. Since June 2018, Shanghai Disneyland has added peak holiday tickets to normal and peak tickets, and implemented a three-tier pricing system until 2020. Starting from June 6, 2020, Shanghai Disneyland has changed its three-tier ticket structure to four tiers, namely regular day tickets, special regular day tickets, peak day tickets and special peak day tickets. Compared with the current fare, the four-tier ticket prices to be introduced in 2022 will rise by 36 yuan, 46 yuan, 60 yuan and 70 yuan, respectively.
Similarly, Shanghai Disneyland has announced ticket price increases. On the other side of the world, the recently reopened Disneyland Paris also announced that it would switch from a free speedpass to a charge, costing between €9 and €15 each, depending on the number of visitors.
Some industry insiders believe that behind this series of operations, Disney is eager to make up for the loss of the closed park. That analysis found support in Disney's latest financial figures, which showed a decline in both its parks and its park-related businesses.
On May 14, the company announced financial results for its fiscal first half and second quarter ending April 3, 2021, with revenue from Disney's parks, experiences and products business dropping 49% from a year earlier to $6.61 billion. Disney's revenue from its U.S. parks was 文章.735 billion, down 58% from a year earlier. Revenue from parks outside the U.S. was $262 million, down 45% from a year earlier; Consumer products revenue was 文章.176 billion, down 13% from a year earlier.
"In 2020, Shanghai Disneyland will receive 5.5 million visitors, down 48 percent year on year, and its annual revenue will also drop 46 percent year on year," Fang Shizhong, director of the Shanghai Culture and Tourism Bureau, said at the 2021 Shanghai Tourism Industry Summit Forum.
To this, the China association of amusement parks (CAAPA) Marketing Department minister Yang Mingze put forward different views, he thinks, regardless of the price and the price is the supply and demand, in terms of the current domestic environment, high-end tourism products have market after the outbreak, which is supporting one of the important factors that increase in the price of Shanghai Disneyland.
Lin Huanjie, president of the China Theme Park Research Institute, said, "It is a normal business behavior for Disney to adjust ticket prices as its marketing tools are in place, its market share is increasing, and the trust of tourists is increasing. Many domestic and foreign cultural tourism projects and even real estate projects will adopt this strategy of "starting low and going high". On the other hand, Shanghai Disneyland has not only expanded its operating area but also added new projects, which is an important basis for its price adjustment."
Will the price increase affect Disney
In the face of this wave of Disney prices, the network of fugitive princes and princesses in addition to ridicule, also do not forget to call competitive products in the industry.
Apart from the one-sided "ridicule" brought by the netizens, what kind of impact will this increase bring?
"There are only two Disneyland parks in this part of China, and actually only one in mainland China," Yang said. "Because of this scarcity, and because children are insensitive to price, parents tend to pay more for their children's consumption. In the short term, the price increase may affect the choice of some price-sensitive tourists, but in the long term, it is not a bad thing. It may reduce the operating pressure of the park and thus improve its service quality."
The price rise of Shanghai Disneyland from January 2022 May have a certain impact on the newly opened, comparable project Beijing Universal Studios Theme Park, but it seems to have little impact on the local scenic spots that netizens are "desperately" supporting.
"The scale and brand influence of Shanghai Disneyland is much bigger than that of local theme parks, and it is difficult to convert the lost customers of Disneyland to local brand theme parks. Shanghai Disneyland's price adjustment is based on full consideration, and if domestic theme parks follow suit, it will have a serious impact on their customer flow." Lin Huanjie emphasized.
Are tickets the most profitable form of income
Disney is not a charity after all, and although it sells dreams to protect the innocence of children, profit must come first. But isn't there a more respectable way for Disney to make money besides tickets?
According to China's tourism research institute issued by the Shanghai Disney resort area of happy travel trends report, according to early to experience the amusement items play different goals, today's visitors after entering the Shanghai Disneyland, in addition to the experience in line project, see the performance, to interact with the Disney friends, taste the delicious food and buy time theme product preferences become more and more obvious. Other data show that Disney tourists spend 2-3 days in Shanghai, and the average per capita spending ranges from 1,000 yuan to 2,000 yuan.
"Secondary consumption is indeed a growth point valued by theme parks such as Disneyland. In the international aspect, Disneyland and Universal Pictures rely on the development of IP industry chain, which greatly enriches their revenue sources, and the proportion of tickets is relatively low. However, it has been a problem for a long time for theme parks in China to rely on entrance fees. Although Chinese theme parks are developing in a good direction, there are a lot of good theme parks. The trend is good, but the development takes time." Yang Ming said.
According to Lin's analysis, although it is simple and crude for Disney to raise ticket prices to increase revenue, its way of raising ticket prices is actually "full of tricks" and "wisdom".
First of all, according to the announcement, the fare will not be adjusted immediately, but will be implemented until January 9, 2022, which means that a number of tourists will travel or buy promissory tickets before the increase. , on the other hand, in addition to the rises, Shanghai Disneyland has carried on the new partition to level 4 fare structure, according to the actual circumstance of the Chinese market to subdivide the tourist season, statutory holidays more pricing, among them, the Chinese legal holidays and paid leave off divisions to peak day tickets and two types of special peak day tickets, and, The fare increases on peak and special peak days are greater than those on regular and special peak days.
"Since there is a big gap between weekday passenger flow and peak passenger flow, the price adjustment is higher in peak period, while the price increase is lower in normal period. This move is aimed at allowing guests to adjust their travel time, so as to narrow the gap between weekday and peak passenger flow. "Lin Huanjie told New Travel. "On the basis of the ticket price increase, Shanghai Disneyland is also actively expanding the park and renewing the project. In the five years since Shanghai Disneyland has been in operation, the first expansion, Disney-Pixar, opened in April 2018, and the second expansion, Zootopia, is on track to open in 2023."
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Address: 2 Changping Avenue, near changhuang road and Tianhong shopping mall
Opened in 2005, Huihua International Hotel Dongguan.
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People’s Independence Day: Milwaukee takes to the streets to protest Supreme Court rulings
By Alan Chavoya |
Read more articles in Abortion Rights
More than 1000 march in Milwaukee for "People's Independence Day." (Fight Back! News/staff)
Milwaukee, WI - In the calm before the storms hitting Milwaukee on July 4, over 1000 protested around the following six demands: True separation of church and state; repeal of Wisconsin State Statute 940.04; law enforcement shall not enforce abortion bans; the state of Wisconsin shall require law enforcement officials to read off Miranda Rights to those being detained; the city of Milwaukee and Milwaukee County shall not prosecute abortion cases - dismiss them all; and community control of the police now.
The protest was led by Freedom Road Socialist Organization (FRSO), the Milwaukee Alliance Against Racist and Political Repression, the Party for Socialism and Liberation, and Reproductive Justice Action Milwaukee.
“Oppressed people have never been free! Workers have never been free! And we can’t expect politicians or Supreme Court justices to hand us freedom,” said Rory Donovan of FRSO.
This sentiment was echoed by Lauryn Cross, co-chair of the Milwaukee Alliance, who told an attentive audience about the importance of recognizing “that when the Democrats, Republicans and people that are supposed to be ‘about us’ fucking fail, we check them with militant, organized, grassroots resistance.”
“Only we, the working people, set ourselves free.” This message resonated with the passionate Milwaukee crowd, and every speaker made sure to emphasize the importance of channeling the people’s energy and emotions towards organizing.
The action was primarily driven by the response to the recent Supreme Court Rulings overturning Roe v. Wade, preventing people from suing the police when they fail to read off Miranda Rights, and limiting the EPA’s ability to regulate greenhouse gas emissions.
The U.S. is removing its mask of “freedom and democracy” and is blatantly showing its ugly face of repression. In countries like Iraq, Afghanistan, Venezuela and Cuba, to name a few, the people know that this is what the U.S. has been and continues to be, the imperialist enemy. More people in the U.S. realize what the rest of the world knows - that the U.S. only cares for the “freedom” of its capitalist class to exploit the world.
Milwaukee showed on this Fourth of July, the time is now to organize.
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Flashdance (soundtrack)
Flashdance: Original Soundtrack from the Motion Picture is the soundtrack to the 1983 film Flashdance, which tells the story of Alex Owens (played by Jennifer Beals), a welder and exotic dancer who dreams of becoming a professional ballerina. The nightclub performances by Alex and her co-workers and other set pieces involving training and auditioning provided opportunities to present the songs that would make up the soundtrack album. The film's music supervisor, Phil Ramone, made selections that he felt were the best fit for their respective scenes, and composer Giorgio Moroder contributed additional tracks in the process of scoring the film. One of his contributions, "Flashdance...What a Feeling" by Irene Cara, was released as a single in March 1983, weeks before the film's April 15 release, and eventually spent six weeks at number one on the Billboard Hot 100.
When the film became a surprise success, the soundtrack sold out within days, and the record company was left scrambling to fill orders that totaled half a million copies. Music videos for some of the songs on the soundtrack were then put together using scenes from the film, and the next single, "Maniac" by Michael Sembello, had one of these promotional video clips shown regularly on MTV and also reached number one on the Hot 100. Because Flashdance distributor Paramount Pictures had success with a film that had no star power and received unfavorable reviews from critics, the use of the cable channel as a means of promoting films through music videos and advertising became the major new marketing strategy for motion picture studios.
Despite lukewarm reviews from critics, the soundtrack spent two weeks at number one on the Billboard 200 and has been certified six-times platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), while selling 20 million copies worldwide, becoming one of the best selling albums of all time. Its music garnered nine Grammy Award nominations, including an Album of the Year nod for all of the artists on the album, and won three, one of which was for Best Album of Original Score Written for a Motion Picture or a Television Special that went to all of the songwriters credited. Cara received high acclaim for "Flashdance...What a Feeling", winning the Grammy Award for Best Pop Vocal Performance, Female, and both the Academy Award and Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song with Moroder and her co-lyricist, Keith Forsey. The vocalists who had singles released from the soundtrack album all continued to work with the same producers for their next or, in most cases, first albums of solo material, only to varying degrees of success.
Unless indicated otherwise, the text in this article is either based on Wikipedia article "Flashdance (soundtrack)" or another language Wikipedia page thereof used under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License; or on research by Jahsonic and friends. See Art and Popular Culture's copyright notice.
Retrieved from "http://www.artandpopularculture.com/Flashdance_%28soundtrack%29"
This page was last modified 21:07, 2 December 2022.
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