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The dataset generation failed
Error code: DatasetGenerationError
Exception: ArrowInvalid
Message: JSON parse error: Missing a closing quotation mark in string. in row 153
Traceback: Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/packaged_modules/json/json.py", line 153, in _generate_tables
df = pd.read_json(f, dtype_backend="pyarrow")
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pandas/io/json/_json.py", line 815, in read_json
return json_reader.read()
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pandas/io/json/_json.py", line 1025, in read
obj = self._get_object_parser(self.data)
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pandas/io/json/_json.py", line 1051, in _get_object_parser
obj = FrameParser(json, **kwargs).parse()
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pandas/io/json/_json.py", line 1187, in parse
self._parse()
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pandas/io/json/_json.py", line 1403, in _parse
ujson_loads(json, precise_float=self.precise_float), dtype=None
ValueError: Trailing data
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1997, in _prepare_split_single
for _, table in generator:
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/packaged_modules/json/json.py", line 156, in _generate_tables
raise e
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/packaged_modules/json/json.py", line 130, in _generate_tables
pa_table = paj.read_json(
File "pyarrow/_json.pyx", line 308, in pyarrow._json.read_json
File "pyarrow/error.pxi", line 154, in pyarrow.lib.pyarrow_internal_check_status
File "pyarrow/error.pxi", line 91, in pyarrow.lib.check_status
pyarrow.lib.ArrowInvalid: JSON parse error: Missing a closing quotation mark in string. in row 153
The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/job_runners/config/parquet_and_info.py", line 1529, in compute_config_parquet_and_info_response
parquet_operations = convert_to_parquet(builder)
File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/job_runners/config/parquet_and_info.py", line 1154, in convert_to_parquet
builder.download_and_prepare(
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1029, in download_and_prepare
self._download_and_prepare(
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1124, in _download_and_prepare
self._prepare_split(split_generator, **prepare_split_kwargs)
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1884, in _prepare_split
for job_id, done, content in self._prepare_split_single(
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 2040, in _prepare_split_single
raise DatasetGenerationError("An error occurred while generating the dataset") from e
datasets.exceptions.DatasetGenerationError: An error occurred while generating the datasetNeed help to make the dataset viewer work? Make sure to review how to configure the dataset viewer, and open a discussion for direct support.
pred_label
string | pred_label_prob
float64 | wiki_prob
float64 | text
string | source
string |
|---|---|---|---|---|
__label__wiki
| 0.574029
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Number 46 of 1947.
MERCHANT SHIPPING ACT, 1947.
ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS
Obligation to hoist the national flag.
Prohibition on hoisting flag distinctive of nationality other than the national flag.
Temporary registration of ship on time or voyage charter.
Discharge of member of crew at port in the State.
Fine on conviction of offence of absence without leave.
Recognition of certificates of competency.
Direction restricting registration of ship.
Regulations restricting closing or transfer of registry.
Restriction on transfer or mortgage.
Regulations with respect to safety.
Regulations with respect to welfare and conditions of employment.
Rules relating to bills of lading.
Repeals.
Short title, commencement, construction and collective citation.
FIRST SCHEDULE.
AN ACT TO RE-ENACT CERTAIN PROVISIONS RELATING TO SHIPS MADE BY ORDERS UNDER THE EMERGENCY POWERS ACTS, 1939 TO 1945, TO PROVIDE FOR GIVING EFFECT TO CERTAIN INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS OR CONVENTIONS RELATING TO SHIPS AND TO AMEND AND EXTEND THE MERCHANT SHIPPING ACTS, 1894 TO 1939. [23rd December, 1947.]
BE IT ENACTED BY THE OIREACHTAS AS FOLLOWS:—
1. —In this Act—
the word “contravention” includes, in relation to any provision, failure to comply with that provision;
the expression “Irish ship” means
(a) a ship which is registered in the State under the Principal Act, or
(b) a ship of which the owner is one or more than one Irish citizen and which is neither registered in the State under the Principal Act nor registered under the law, of any other State;
the expression “the Minister” means the Minister for Industry and Commerce;
the expression “the Principal Act” means the Merchant Shipping Act, 1894.
2. —(1) The national flag shall be hoisted on an Irish ship on entering or leaving a port outside the State and, if the ship is of fifty tons gross tonnage or upwards, on entering or leaving a port in the State.
(2) Subsection (1) of this section shall not apply to a fishing boat duly entered in the fishing boat register and lettered and numbered as required by Part IV of the Principal Act.
(3) The Minister may, notwithstanding subsection (1) of this section, issue to any body of persons a warrant authorising members of the body to hoist on specified Irish ships a specified flag in lieu of the national flag, and the Minister may by any such warrant impose conditions and restrictions on the exercise of the authority thereby conferred and may revoke any such warrant.
(4) Where a ship to which a warrant issued under subsection (3) of this section relates enters or leaves a port outside the State or, if the ship is of fifty tons gross tonnage or upwards, enters or leaves a port in the State, the hoisting on the ship in accordance with the warrant of the flag specified in the warrant shall have effect as a compliance with subsection (1) of this section.
(5) Where there is a contravention of this section, the master of the ship concerned shall be guilty of an offence under this section and shall be liable on summary conviction thereof to a fine not exceeding one hundred pounds.
3. —(1) There shall not be hoisted on an Irish ship any flag distinctive of nationality other than the national flag or that flag with a white border or that flag when comprised in a flag hoisted under the authority of a warrant issued under subsection (3) of section 2 of this Act.
4. —A ship which is not an Irish ship and which is taken on time or voyage charter by a charterer in the State may, if the Minister so approves, be registered in the State under the Principal Act and shall remain so registered during the period or voyage for which the ship is so taken on charter and no longer.
5. —(1) A stipulation to which this section applies shall be a lawful and effectual stipulation, and a form therefor may accordingly be approved by the Minister pursuant to subsection (1) of section 114 of the Principal Act.
(2) This section applies to a stipulation, in an agreement entered into by the master of a ship with the crew, that the master may discharge a member of the crew at a port in the State subject to his having given notice of discharge to such member twenty-four hours or more before the discharge.
6. —A seaman who is guilty of the offence of absence without leave specified in paragraph (b) of section 221 of the Principal Act shall, without prejudice to the provisions of that paragraph, be liable on summary conviction of the offence to a fine not exceeding ten pounds.
7. —(1) Where the Government of another State provide for the holding of examinations for the grant of certificates of competency as masters, mates or engineers on board ship or as skippers or second hands on board fishing boats and the Minister is satisfied that the certificates so granted are granted on such principles as to show qualifications of competency which are adequate qualifications for service in Irish ships, the Government may by order provide that certificates so granted shall be of the same force within the State as if they had been granted by the Minister under Part II or section 414 (as the case may be) of the Principal Act, and such certificates shall have effect within the State and shall be liable, as respects their effect within the State, to suspension or cancellation accordingly.
(2) Where a certificate is suspended or cancelled by virtue of this section, it shall, if it is not in the possession of the Minister, be delivered by the holder to the Minister, and the Minister shall return any certificate so suspended or cancelled to the authority by whom it was issued together with a report on the circumstances of the suspension or cancellation.
(3) The Government may by order amend or revoke any order previously made under this section.
8. —(1) The Minister may direct that a specified ship or any ship of a specified class shall not be registered at a port in the State under the Principal Act save with the approval of the Minister.
(2) A ship to which a direction under this section relates shall not be registered at a port in the State under the Principal Act save with the approval of the Minister.
9. —(1) The Minister may provide by regulations that the registry in the State under the Principal Act of a specified ship or of any ship of a specified class shall not be closed or transferred to a port outside the State save with the approval of the Minister.
(2) The registry in the State under the Principal Act of a ship to which regulations under this section relate shall not be closed or transferred to a port outside the State save with the approval of the Minister.
Restriction οn transfer or mortgage.
10. —(1) A person shall not transfer or mortgage, or transfer any mortgage of, any Irish ship or any share in an Irish ship unless—
(a) the transaction is approved of by the Minister, or
(b) the transaction is a transaction declared by regulations under subsection (3) of this section to be an excepted transaction for the purposes of this section.
(2) If an instrument is executed which purports to be a transfer, mortgage or transfer of a mortgage of an Irish ship or a share therein and the transaction to which the instrument relates is neither approved of by the Minister nor a transaction declared by regulations under subsection (3) of this section to be an excepted transaction for the purposes of this section, the instrument shall be void.
(3) The Minister may by regulations declare that a transaction which—
(a) is a transfer, mortgage or transfer of a mortgage in which both the transferor or mortgagor and the transferee or mortgagee is one or more than one of the following:
(i) a person ordinarily resident in the State,
(ii) a company incorporated in the State, or
(b) is a transfer, mortgage or transfer of a mortgage of a ship of a specified class or any share therein,
shall be an excepted transaction for the purposes of this section.
11. —(1) The Minister may make regulations for securing the safety of vessels to which this section applies, and may include in such regulations any supplemental or ancillary provisions which he considers proper.
(2) Regulations under this section may apply to the whole of the State or to part thereof and different regulations may be made for different parts of the State.
(3) Regulations under this section may, in particular, provide for any of the following matters:
(a) licensing of vessels,
(b) prohibition of carriage of passengers in vessels not licensed,
(c) attachment of conditions to licences, including, in particular, conditions with respect to.
(i) standards of seaworthiness to be maintained,
(ii) life saving and fire fighting appliances to be carried,
(iii) maximum number of passengers to be carried,
(iv) limits within or routes on which vessels may be used for the carriage of passengers,
(v) times within which vessels may operate,
(d) licensing of persons in charge of vessels,
(e) prohibition of carriage of passengers in vessels in charge of persons not licensed,
(f) surveys of vessels,
(g) cancellation and suspension of licences.
(4) Where there is a contravention of any regulation under this section, the master and the owner of the vessel concerned shall each be guilty of an offence under this section and liable on summary conviction thereof to a fine not exceeding fifty pounds.
(5) Where there is a contravention of any condition attached to a licence issued under regulations under this section, the holder of the licence shall be guilty of an offence under this section and liable on summary conviction thereof to a fine not exceeding twenty-five pounds.
(6) Regulations under this section may, with the consent of the Minister for Finance, fix fees to be paid in respect of surveys of vessels carried out pursuant to the regulations and in respect of licences granted under the regulations.
(7) The Public Offices Fees Act, 1879, shall not apply in respect of fees under regulations made under this section and all such fees shall be collected and taken in such manner as the Minister for Finance directs from time to time and shall be paid into or disposed of for the benefit of the Exchequer in accordance with the directions of that Minister.
(8) This section applies to vessels used for carrying passengers for reward, exclusive of any such vessel which is in any of the classes specified in the rules in force at the commencement of this Act under section 427 of the Principal Act.
12. —(1) The Minister may by regulations make such provisions as he thinks proper for promoting the welfare of seamen in Irish ships or at ports within the State or for maintaining in Irish ships suitable conditions of employment for seamen, and may include in any such regulations any supplemental or ancillary provisions which he considers proper.
(2) Regulations under this section may, in particular, relate to any matters recommended by any of the conventions specified in the First Schedule to this Act, being the conventions which were adopted at the twenty-eighth session of the International Labour Conference held at Seattle, Washington, United States of America, in the month of June, 1946.
(3) Where regulations under this section relate to any matters recommended by any international agreement or convention which stipulates that provisions giving effect to it as respects that matter shall be made after consultations, the Minister shall, before making the regulations, have those consultations.
(4) Where there is a contravention of any regulation under this section, the master and the owner of the ship concerned and the person contravening the regulation shall each be guilty of an offence under this section and liable on summary conviction thereof to a fine not exceeding twenty-five pounds.
13. —(1) Subject to the provisions of this section, the rules relating to bills of lading set out in the Second Schedule to this Act (in this section referred to as “the Rules”) shall have effect in relation to the carriage of goods by sea in ships carrying goods from any port in the State to any other port whether in or outside the State.
(2) There shall not be implied in any contract for the carriage of goods by sea to which the Rules apply any absolute undertaking by the carrier of the goods to provide a seaworthy ship.
(3) Every bill of lading, or similar document of title, issued in the State which contains or is evidence of any contract to which the Rules apply shall contain an express statement that it is to have effect subject to the provisions of the Rules as applied by this Act.
(4) Article VI of the Rules shall, in relation to the carriage of goods by sea in ships carrying goods from any port in the State to any other port in the State or to a port in Great Britain or Northern Ireland, have effect as though the Article referred to goods of any class instead of to particular goods and as though the proviso to the second paragraph of the Article were omitted.
(5) Nothing in this section or the Rules shall affect the operation of sections 446, 447, 448, 449, 450, 502 and 503 of the Principal Act, as amended by any subsequent enactment, or the operation of any other enactment for the time being in force limiting the liability of the owners of seagoing vessels.
(6) The Rules shall not by virtue of this section apply to any contract for the carriage of goods by sea made before such day, not being earlier than the first day of January, 1948, as the Minister by order appoints for the purposes of this subsection, nor to any bill of lading or similar document of title issued, whether before or after the day so appointed, in pursuance of any such contract as aforesaid.
14. —Sections 73 and 74 of the Principal Act are hereby repealed.
15. —(1) This Act may be cited as the Merchant Shipping Act, 1947.
(2) This Act shall come into operation on such day as the Minister appoints by order.
(3) This Act shall be construed as one with the Merchant Shipping Acts, 1894 to 1939, but shall have effect notwithstanding anything contained in those Acts.
(4) The Merchant Shipping Acts, 1894 to 1939, and this Act may be cited together as the Merchant Shipping Acts, 1894 to 1947.
Conventions adopted at the twenty-eighth session of the International Labour Conference held at Seattle, Washington, United States of America, in the month of June, 1946.
Food and Catering (Ships' Crews) Convention, 1946.
Certification of Ships' Cooks Convention, 1946.
Social Security (Seafarers) Convention, 1946.
Seafarers' Pensions Convention, 1946.
Paid Vacations (Seafarers) Convention, 1946.
Medical Examinations (Seafarers) Convention, 1946.
Certification of Able Seamen Convention, 1946.
Accommodation of Crews Convention, 1946.
Wages, Hours of Work and Manning (Sea) Convention, 1946.
Article I. — Definitions:
In these Rules the following expressions have the meanings hereby assigned to them respectively, that is to say—
(a) “Carrier” includes the owner or the charterer who enters into a contract of carriage with a shipper;
(b) “Contract of carriage” applies only to contracts of carriage covered by a bill of lading or any similar document of title, in so far as such document relates to the carriage of goods by sea, including any bill of lading or any similar document as aforesaid issued under or pursuant to a charterparty from the moment at which such bill of lading or similar document of title regulates the relations between a carrier and a holder of the same;
(c) “Goods” includes goods, wares, merchandises, and articles of every kind whatsoever, except live animals and cargo which by the contract of carriage is stated as being carried on deck and is so carried;
(d) “Ship” means any vessel used for the carriage of goods by sea;
(e) “Carriage of goods” covers the period from the time when the goods are loaded on to the time when they are discharged from the ship.
Article II.—Risks:
Subject to the provisions of Article VI, under every contract of carriage of goods by sea the carrier, in relation to the loading, handling, stowage, carriage, custody, care, and discharge of such goods, shall be subject to the responsibilities and liabilities, and entitled to the rights and immunities hereinafter set forth.
Article III.—Responsibilities and Liabilities:
1. The carrier shall be bound, before and at the beginning of the voyage, to exercise due diligence to—
(a) Make the ship seaworthy;
(b) Properly man, equip, and supply the ship;
(c) Make the holds, refrigerating and cool chambers, and all other parts of the ship in which goods are carried, fit and safe for their reception, carriage and preservation.
2. Subject to the provisions of Article IV, the carrier shall properly and carefully load, handle, stow, carry, keep, care for and discharge the goods carried.
3. After receiving the goods into his charge, the carrier, or the master or agent of the carrier, shall, on demand of the shipper, issue to the shipper a bill of lading showing among other things—
(a) The leading marks necessary for identification of the goods as the same are furnished in writing by the shipper before the loading of such goods starts, provided such marks are stamped or otherwise shown clearly upon the goods if uncovered, or on the cases or coverings in which such goods are contained, in such a manner as should ordinarily remain legible until the end of the voyage;
(b) Either the number of packages or pieces, or the quantity, or weight, as the case may be, as furnished in writing by the shipper;
(c) The apparent order and condition of the goods;
Provided that no carrier, master or agent of the carrier shall be bound to state or show in the bill of lading any marks, number, quantity, or weight which he has reasonable ground for suspecting not accurately to represent the goods actually received, or which he has had no reasonable means of checking.
4. Such a bill of lading shall be prima facie evidence of the receipt by the carrier of the goods as therein described in accordance with paragraph 3 (a), (b) and (c).
5. The shipper shall be deemed to have guaranteed to the carrier the accuracy at the time of shipment of the marks, number, quantity, and weight, as furnished by him, and the shipper shall indemnify the carrier against all loss, damages, and expenses arising or resulting from inaccuracies in such particulars. The right of the carrier to such indemnity shall in no way limit his responsibility and liability under the contract of carriage to any person other than the shipper.
6. Unless notice of loss or damage and the general nature of such loss or damage be given in writing to the carrier or his agent at the port of discharge before or at the time of the removal of the goods into the custody of the person entitled to delivery thereof under the contract of carriage, or, if the loss or damage be not apparent, within three days, such removal shall be prima facie evidence of the delivery by the carrier of the goods as described in the bill of lading.
The notice in writing need not be given if the state of the goods has at the time of their receipt been the subject of joint survey or inspection.
In any event the carrier and the ship shall be discharged from all liability in respect of loss or damage unless suit is brought within one year after delivery of the goods or the date when the goods should have been delivered.
In the case of any actual or apprehended loss or damage the carrier and the receiver shall give all reasonable facilities to each other for inspecting and tallying the goods.
7. After the goods are loaded the bill of lading to be issued by the carrier, master or agent of the carrier, to the shipper shall, if the shipper so demands, be a “shipped” bill of lading, provided that if the shipper shall have previously taken up any document of title to such goods, he shall surrender the same as against the issue of the “shipped” bill of lading, but at the option of the carrier such document of title may be noted at the port of shipment by the carrier, master, or agent with the name or names of the ship or ships upon which the goods have been shipped and the date or dates of shipment, and when so noted the same shall for the purpose of this Article be deemed to constitute a “shipped” bill of lading.
8. Any clause, covenant or agreement in a contract of carriage relieving the carrier or the ship from liability for loss or damage to or in connection with goods arising from negligence, fault or failure in the duties and obligations provided in this Article or lessening such liability otherwise than as provided in these Rules, shall be null and void and of no effect.
A benefit of insurance or similar clause shall be deemed to be a clause relieving the carrier from liability.
Article IV.—Rights and Immunities:
1. Neither the carrier nor the ship shall be liable for loss or damage arising or resulting from unseaworthiness unless caused by want of due diligence on the part of the carrier to make the ship seaworthy, and to secure that the ship is properly manned, equipped and supplied, and to make the holds, refrigerating and cool chambers and all other parts of the ship in which goods are carried fit and safe for their reception, carriage and preservation in accordance with the provisions of paragraph 1 of Article III.
Whenever loss or damage has resulted from unseaworthiness, the burden of proving the exercise of due diligence shall be on the carrier or other person claiming exemption under this section.
2. Neither the carrier nor the ship shall be responsible for loss or damage arising or resulting from—
(a) Act, neglect, or default of the master, mariner, pilot, or the servants of the carrier in the navigation or in the management of the ship;
(b) Fire, unless caused by the actual fault or privity of the carrier;
(c) Perils, dangers, and accidents of the sea or other navigable waters;
(d) Act of God;
(e) Act of war;
(f) Act of public enemies;
(g) Arrest or restraint of princes, rulers or people, or seizure under legal process;
(h) Quarantine restrictions;
(i) Act or omission of the shipper or owner of the goods, his agent or representative;
(j) Strikes or lock-outs or stoppages or restraint of labour from whatever cause, whether partial or general;
(k) Riots and civil commotions;
(l) Saving or attempting to save life or property at sea;
(m) Wastage in bulk or weight or any other loss or damage arising from inherent defect, quality, or vice of the goods;
(n) Insufficiency of packing;
(o) Insufficiency or inadequacy of marks;
(p) Latent defects not discoverable by due diligence;
(q) Any other cause arising without the actual fault or privity of the carrier, or without the fault or neglect of the agents or servants of the carrier, but the burden of proof shall be on the person claiming the benefit of this exception to show that neither the actual fault or privity of the carrier nor the fault or neglect of the agents or servants of the carrier contributed to the loss or damage.
3. The shipper shall not be responsible for loss or damage sustained by the carrier or the ship arising or resulting from any cause without the act, fault or neglect of the shipper, his agents or his servants.
4. Any deviation in saving or attempting to save life or property at sea, or any reasonable deviation shall not be deemed to be an infringement or breach of these Rules or of the contract of carriage, and the carrier shall not be liable for any loss or damage resulting therefrom.
5. Neither the carrier nor the ship shall in any event be or become liable for any loss or damage to or in connection with goods in an amount exceeding £100 per package or unit, or the equivalent of that sum in other currency, unless the nature and value of such goods have been declared by the shipper before shipment and inserted in the bill of lading.
This declaration if embodied in the bill of lading shall be prima facie evidence, but shall not be binding or conclusive on the carrier.
By agreement between the carrier, master or agent of the carrier and the shipper another maximum amount than that mentioned in this paragraph may be fixed, provided that such maximum shall not be less than the figure above named.
Neither the carrier nor the ship shall be responsible in any event for loss or damage to or in connection with goods if the nature or value thereof has been knowingly misstated by the shipper in the bill of lading.
6. Goods of an inflammable, explosive or dangerous nature to the shipment whereof the carrier, master or agent of the carrier, has not consented with knowledge of their nature and character may at any time before discharge be landed at any place or destroyed or rendered innocuous by the carrier without compensation, and the shipper of such goods shall be liable for all damages and expenses directly or indirectly arising out of or resulting from such shipment.
If any such goods shipped with such knowledge and consent shall become a danger to the ship or cargo, they may in like manner be landed at any place or destroyed or rendered innocuous by the carrier without liability on the part of the carrier except to general average, if any.
Article V.—Surrender of Rights and Immunities, and Increase of Responsibilities and Liabilities:
A carrier shall be at liberty to surrender in whole or in part all or any of his rights and immunities or to increase any of his responsibilities and liabilities under the Rules contained in any of these Articles, provided such surrender or increase shall be embodied in the bill of lading issued to the shipper.
The provisions of these Rules shall not be applicable to charterparties, but if bills of lading are issued in the case of a ship under a charterparty they shall comply with the terms of these Rules. Nothing in these Rules shall be held to prevent the insertion in a bill of lading of any lawful provision regarding general average.
Article VI.—Special Conditions.
Notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding Articles, a carrier, master or agent of the carrier, and a shipper shall in regard to any particular goods be at liberty to enter into any agreement in any terms as to the responsibility and liability of the carrier for such goods, and as to the rights and immunities of the carrier in respect of such goods, or his obligation as to seaworthiness, so far as this stipulation is not contrary to public policy, or the care or diligence of his servants or agents in regard to the loading, handling, stowage, carriage, custody, care, and discharge of the goods carried by sea, provided that in this case no bill of lading has been or shall be issued and that the terms agreed shall be embodied in a receipt which shall be a non-negotiable document and shall be marked as such.
Any agreement so entered into shall have full legal effect:
Provided that this Article shall not apply to ordinary commercial shipments made in the ordinary course of trade, but only to other shipments where the character or condition of the property to be carried or the circumstances, terms and conditions under which the carriage is to be performed, are such as reasonably to justify a special agreement.
Article VII.—Limitations on the Application of the Rules.
Nothing herein contained shall prevent a carrier or a shipper from entering into any agreement, stipulation, condition, reservation or exemption as to the responsibility and liability of the carrier or the ship for the loss or damage to or in connection with the custody and care and handling of goods prior to the loading on and subsequent to the discharge from the ship on which the goods are carried by sea.
Article VIII.—Limitation of Liability.
The provisions of these Rules shall not affect the rights and obligations of the carrier under any statute for the time being in force relating to the limitation of the liability of owners of seagoing vessels.
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New initiative seeks to transform energy markets in over 20 African countries
Rwanda-Economy-Energy
November 23, 2022 to 18:49
The Africa Mini Grids Program, a multi-partner initiative launched earlier this month on the sidelines of the United Nations Climate Conference COP27 in Sharm El-Sheikh aims to support countries to rapidly and cost-effectively provide electricity and new development opportunities to some of Africa’s poorest communities, APA reliably learnt Wednesday from an authoritative source.
The initiative founded the Global Environment Facility (GEF), and implemented by UNDP in partnership with national governments, RMI (founded as Rocky Mountain Institute), and the African Development Bank (AfDB), aims to help countries crowd in private investment to scale up and accelerate the deployment of renewable energy Mini grids.
Mini grids are stand-alone electricity networks that are typically not connected to the national electricity grid.
It said that solar-battery Mini grids hold great potential to boost electricity access in the AMP’s 21 countries – powering households, key social services such as health centers and schools, and businesses, driving economic growth.
UNDP modelling estimates that Mini grids will be the lowest-cost approach to bring electricity to 265 million people in these countries by the year 2030.
Projections indicate that $65 billion in new investments, primarily from the private sector, would be needed to realize the Mini grid opportunity in such countries. This is estimated to equate to the construction of 110,000 minigrids, bringing electricity to more than 200,000 schools and clinics, and more than 900,000 businesses.
Commenting on the new initiative, Achim Steiner, UNDP Administrator said: "We know that innovative policies, technologies, and business models to scale up existing solutions are needed to achieve SDG 7 on universal access to affordable and reliable energy – business-as-usual won’t do"
"Current market transformation approach aims to deliver impact at the pace and scale needed to effectively help countries achieve the Sustainable Development Goals, leaving no-one behind," he said.
Speaking in the same vein, Carlos Manuel Rodriguez, CEO and Chairperson of the GEF said: "Improving access to clean energy in remote areas has so many benefits — it directly improves quality of life, creates job opportunities particularly for women, and also reduces carbon emissions"
"I am thrilled to see the Africa Mini grids Program advance and look forward to sharing the lessons from its rollout across our partnership and in all the countries and communities we are supporting in the clean energy transition,"" he said.
Estimates show that yet half of the people living sub-Saharan Africa – 568 million people – don’t have access to electricity, effectively locking some of the world’s most vulnerable communities in poverty.
CU/abj/APA
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Blessed Sacrament Catholic Church
829 SW Second Avenue, Ontario, OR97914
Telephone 541-889-8469 Fax 541-889-8483
Know Your Pastor
Priests Who Served
O ther activities were noted at Blessed Sacrament in 1912. The Knights of Columbus proposed to institute a council in Ontario on 18 August 1912, but subsequently the date was changed to September 1. On that day, Snake River Council #1656 was inaugurated with thirty-five members. In mid September, a new Baptismal font was installed in the Baptistery of the church. On October 6, Bishop O’Reilly conferred the Sacrament of Confirmation on a class of 35 children and adults. This was the first time Confirmation was administered in Ontario. On this visit, Bishop O’Reilly separated the missions of Malheur County from Ontario. He appointed Father Bishop to be in charge of these missions, with his residence moved to Vale. As a result, Fr. Campo was assigned the duties as hospital chaplain as well as pastor in Ontario.
Bishop O’Reilly was transferred to the See of Lincoln, Nebraska in August of 1919. Father Campo accompanied him and was incardinated in that diocese. The Rev. Joseph Francis McGrath, pastor of St. Patrick’s Church, Tacoma, Washington, succeeded Bishop O’Reilly. At the time of the consecration of Bishop McGrath, there were 16 parishes, 15 diocesan priests, 10 priests of religious orders, and a Catholic population of 6,809 in the Baker Diocese.
Because of the departure of Father Campo, Father J.H. Maloney was temporary administrator to the parish of Ontario from June of 1919 to November of that year when Father P.J. Stack was appointed pastor. On the nomination of Father E. J. Kelly to the Bishopric of Boise in 1928, Father Stack was transferred to Baker as Chancellor of the Diocese of Baker City, and replaced Father Kelly as the chaplain of St. Elizabeth Hospital. Bishop Kelly High School in Boise bears the name of the former priest from the Baker Diocese.
Father M. J. Dalton succeeded Father Stack as Pastor of Ontario on February 22, 1928. Father Dalton remodeled the interior of the rectory in the summer and fall of that year. Bishop McGrath administered the Sacrament of Confirmation on Rosary Sunday 1928 to a class of 23 children and 12 adults. Five of the adults were recent converts to Catholicism. Later that year, Father Dalton organized a committee of the men of the parish to take charge of the local St. John’s Catholic Cemetery (currently known as Sunset Cemetery). The actual date of the opening of the cemetery is not known. The earliest grave is that of a nun, Sister Mary Luke O.P., who died in 1913. The cemetery remained as property of the parish until the 1960’s, when a combination of expensive upkeep as well as a lack of volunteers to run the cemetery led to the decision to turn the cemetery over to the City of Ontario. Recently, repairs have been made to a statue of Jesus and some of the older grave sites which had been obscured by overgrown shrubs. Several groups, including St. Alphonsus Medical Center, the Ontario and Fruitland Knights of Columbus and Blessed Sacrament Altar Society and Hispanic Ministry combined resources to build a memorial vault for the remains of premature babies. It provides a fitting place for families to come to mourn the loss of their unborn children.
Other Activities; the Knights of Columbus ....
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Click here for Mass Schedule and Parish Events
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Fantasizing About the Jays Signing Free Agents
November 11, 2014 January 29, 2023 Ian Hunter Free Agents, Pablo Sandoval, Russel Martin, Victor Martinez
For the longest time, signing free agents simply wasn’t a feasible option for the Toronto Blue Jays. There have been many players on the open market that fit their needs, but budgetary constraints prevented the club from landing big name free agents.
Could this be the year where the Blue Jays finally change that?
Last week, I theorized that Alex Anthopoulos may have been given the go-ahead by the front office to spend this offseason. Suddenly, several meetings have materialized between the Toronto Blue Jays and some of the biggest names on the market.
Word came down over the weekend that the Blue Jays had scheduled meetings with free agent catcher Russell Martin, as well as third baseman Pablo Sandoval. Jon Heyman reported the Blue Jays were also interested in the services of Victor Martinez.
These are three of the biggest names on the free agent market, and here are the Toronto Blue Jays scheduling meetings with their representatives. Seems somewhat surprising, don’t you think?
In recent years, the Blue Jays have been linked with countless free agents: Albert Pujols, Prince Fielder, Yu Darvish (although not technically a “free agent”). Whether there’s any credence to those rumours is remains to be seen, but there is at least confirmation the Blue Jays are meeting with Martin and Sandoval’s agents.
It’s difficult to say how legitimate the Blue Jays’ chances are of
landing a big name free agent, but it’s encouraging to hear they’re at
least trying.
The tone this offseason is definitely much different this time around. Last year, Alex Anthopoulos made it sound like he had to scrimp and save to afford Dioner Navarro’s two year/$8 million dollar contract. The Ervin Santana “pass the hat around” debacle also corroborates that.
During the Alex Anthopoulos era, the biggest free agent contract was given to Melky Cabrera for two years and $16 million dollars. The longest tenured contract was signed to Maicer Izturis for a measly three years and nine million dollars.
That’s just peanuts compared to other free agent contracts signed around the league in recent years.
The primary mode of player acquisition during the Alex Anthopoulos era has been trades; those have been AA’s M.O. ever since he took over the General Manager’s helm in late 2009. Free agent signings have been few and far between for the Blue Jays over the past five years.
This year, it seems like the Blue Jays front office wants to be much more aggressive and take fate into their own hands. As Jeff Blair noted in his latest piece, Anthopoulos stated “I’m not going to allow myself to be held up in making some decisions.”
Alex Anthopoulos certainly has an uphill battle in negotiating with any free agents. Issues like the turf, playing in a different country and budgetary constraints are all potential roadblocks. Also, if a free agent is looking to punch their ticket to the postseason, Toronto is a tough sell.
Which invariably means the Blue Jays would have to overpay for free agents, much like they have in the past; either in dollars or term.
Taking the cynical standpoint for a moment, there’s a possibility this is all a ruse from the Blue Jays front office; just keeping up an appearance for the fan base to make it seem like they’re trying to be competitive.
Then again, it may also just be due diligence on Alex Anthopoulos’ part. Things may not go beyond the initial consultation, and this may just be AA’s way of kicking the tires to see what the going rate is at certain positions.
The Blue Jays may not come forth with the best offer, but
kudos to them for at least making it appear as though they want to be
competitive.
Truthfully, I don’t think the Blue Jays would’ve even bothered to schedule a meeting with guys like Russell Martin or Pablo Sandoval if they didn’t think they had a decent shot at signing them.
The five year policy will undoubtedly come into play in negotiations with some of these players, as they’re all reported to be seeking five or six-year deals. Whether they get those deals is questionable, but the Blue Jays self-imposed policy may still be roadblock in negotiations.
If ever there was a year where the Blue Jays were to loosen the purse strings and sign a premium free agent (or even two mid-tier free agents), this would certainly be it. The team still has a few holes to fill on the roster, and virtually any free agent would be an improvement over some of the internal candidates.
And even though they don’t necessarily need a catcher like Russell Martin or a full-time DH like Victor Martinez, the Blue Jays have the roster flexibility to move things around and still make it work.
If the trade deadline was any indication, the front office doesn’t want to part with their top prospects or young starters like Marcus Stroman, Aaron Sanchez, Drew Hutchison and Daniel Norris.
So if the Blue Jays still want to improve their roster and refuse to move players with substantial value off the Major League roster, then the only other option is to ink a free agent … or two.
← Was Alex Anthopoulos Given the Green Light to Spend This Offseason?
Anthony Gose is Gone →
The People vs. Jose Bautista
GIFS: Marcus Stroman is Pumped to Be Back in Toronto
September 19, 2015 January 29, 2023 Ian Hunter
In Appreciation of Casey Janssen
May 13, 2013 January 29, 2023 Ian Hunter
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Highlight : Kiss of Fire by Rebecca Ethington
Joclyn Despain has been marred by a brand on her skin. She doesn't know why the mark appeared on her neck, but she doesn't want anyone to see it, including her best friend Ryland, who knows everything else about her. The scar is the reason she hides herself behind baggy clothes, and won't let the idea of kissing Ryland enter her mind, no matter how much she wants to.
The scar is the reason she is being hunted.
If only she knew that she was.
If only she had known that the cursed stone her estranged father sent for her 16th birthday would trigger a change in her. Now, she is being stalked by a tall blonde man, and is miraculously throwing her high school bully ten feet in the air.
Joclyn attempts to find some answers and the courage to follow her heart. When Ryland finds her scar; only he knows what it means, and who will kill her because of it.
“Loved the world, the concept, all of the characters (good and bad), and just everything about this story! On to the next one!” -Jena, Shortie Says
“I loved this book from the very first lines… I think it will be hard to move on to another story for a while." -Steele Reviews
“It’s amazing and left me at the edge of my seat through the night as I read.” - Zach’s YA Reviews
On sale now for $.99!
Can also be found on Barnes & Noble
Rebecca Ethington is a story teller and author from Salt Lake City, Utah. She has been telling stories since she was small. First, with writing crude scripts, and then in stage with years of theatrical performances. Rebecca’s first stint into the world of literary writing, The Imdalind Series, was released in October 2012 and since its release each book has been found in several top 100 lists on Amazon. Rebecca is a mother to two, and wife to her best friend of 14 years. Her days are spent writing, running, and enjoying life with her crazy family.
Website † Facebook † Twitter † GoodReads
Etiketler: Spotlight
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1984-07-06 Riverfront Coliseum, Cincinnati, OH
Second night in Cincinnati opens with "Thunder Road", with "Born In The U.S.A." moved to the end of the first set before "Badlands". "Detroit Medley" includes "I Hear A Train".
BADLANDS (instrumental)
OUT IN THE STREET (instrumental)
PROVE IT ALL NIGHT (instrumental)
JOHNNY 99
DARLINGTON COUNTY
HIGHWAY PATROLMAN
HUNGRY HEART
SHERRY DARLING
PINK CADILLAC
ROSALITA (COME OUT TONIGHT)
STREET FIGHTING MAN
DETROIT MEDLEY
2014-04-08 U.S. Bank Arena, Cincinnati, OH
2000-04-30 Firstar Center, Cincinnati, OH
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Sorry no Media available.
Audience tape. Three recording sources circulate, the first is incomplete and available on the two-LP 'Born In Cincinnati' as well as the LP 'Street Fighting Man' (BTS Records). The second source is complete and available on CDR 'Cincinnati 84'. A third complete source entered circulation in May 2016 via a tape transfer (hobbes4444 / eddy_webhe). Soundcheck is available as 'Cincinnati Soundcheck'.
06.07.84 Cincinnati, OH, intro to ´Glory Days´
´´When I was 15….I used to….well, before I was 15….the only thing I wanted to do besides play the guitar was I wanted to be a baseball player…so….so like I was in like Little League and Colonial League and uh….then when I hit 15 years old, I was in this league called Babe Ruth League….and….but right about that time, when you´re 15, I kind of got interested in the guitar and the girls (chuckles)….girls, then the guitar, right (chuckles)….and, so I started to lose interest in kind of playing baseball but it wasn´t too bad because the games, the games were usually like during the weekdays around 6 o´clock and so on the weekends I used to play…play with my band but….we had this rained-out game one time and they scheduled it for like Saturday morning at 8 o´clock so I played Friday night real late, came home and I gotta confess that I was losing my commitment to the sport pretty quickly (chuckles)…. anyway….so the guys came by to pick me up and I said ´Mom, tell ´em I´m sick and I can´t go´…so like I was laying there in bed….my bed looks just like this (chuckles)….I was laying there and I heard ´em knocking on the door and you know I´m kind of embarrassed and got my head covered up, you know, but I hear ´em, she talks to ´em and they go away….and then about 20 minutes later, they come back and they say ´Mrs.Springsteen, we´ve, we´ve only got 8 guys and if Bruce doesn´t come, we´re gonna forfit the game´….oh, man….so like I hear ´em coming up the stairs and like now I gotta really make like I´m sick (coughs) ´Oh, I feel so bad´ and they´re begging me and stuff so finally I get out of bed, put on my uniform and I go down to the field….and it´s like 8.30 and they put me out in rightfield….that was ok with me (chuckles)….so I´m standing out there, I´m praying that nothing´s gonna come my way…. I don´t wanna be catching no baseball….as soon as I´m standing there, I´m…..I´m sweatting, I´m living and dying with every pitch and so pssshhh….and like here it comes and it kind of disappears into the clouds first and I´m standing there…..and it bounces off my glove and hits me in the head and I fall down….and I´m semi-conscious….I´m embarrassed too and all I hear is ´Throw it in, throw it in !´….no matter what happens to you on the baseball field, somebody´s always telling you to throw it in….anyway…I only brought this up….´cause I met this guy in a bar in Asbury Park….he was pitching that day….”
06.07.84 Cincinnati, OH, intro to ´My Hometown´
´´Oh, this next song….seems like, it seems like the older I got, the more…I used to get drawn to go back to the town I grew up in….and where you come from, I guess it never leaves you no matter how old you get or where you go….and uh….this is a song I guess about just, uh, taking on the responsobility of, uh, the place you live in….”
06.07.84 Cincinnati, OH, intro to ´Used Cars´
´´Oh, thanks, thanks….yeah, this is….everybody always remembers the first car they, they ever had….the first car I bought was in 1974….it was a 1957 Chevrolet….it had orange flames on (?)(chuckles)…I bought it for, uh, I think, 800 dollars, it´s now being sold for 10,000 dollars (chuckles)….oh man….I can remember I used to love going down to the car lot with my, with my mother, it was a family affair, my sister and me, my dad, my mom, we´d all go down and look for the car we were gonna buy….my father´d say we could get anything we wanted as long it didn´t, as long as it didn´t cost more than 300 dollars, that´s right (chuckles)….anyway….so this is to my first car, I hope it´s still running somewhere….”
06.07.84 Cincinnati, OH, intro to ´Pink Cadillac´
´´This is a song….about the redemptive powers of….sex…..now, supposedly way back when ….there was Adam and Eve….they were there in the Garden of Eden….she had the apple, she gave the apple to Adam, Adam took the bite and here we are….and since then….I often go to bed pondering this question….´Where would I rather be, in the Garden of Eden or on earth ?´ ….I don´t wanna offend anybody out there but I always choose earth (chuckles)….I´m an earth man, goddammit ! (chuckles)….I mean on earth….they got air-conditioning…. convertibles….cheeseburgers….Saturday night…..that´s pretty good (chuckles) but they got a lot of bad stuff too (chuckles) but there´s a lot of good stuff too (chuckles) so I just try to rethink that (?)….if we were in the Garden of Eden, Big Man couldn´t wear that suit he wears all the time (chuckles)…I figure that it had to be something like this….”
06.07.84 Cincinnati, OH, intro to ´Born to Run´
´´I´d like to thank you all for coming down to the shows we´ve done here in Cincinnati…. I wanna thank you for being such a great audience, you guys were really (?)….when I was a kid in….back in my hometown….late at night, I´d my have my radio under my pillow…and it just, it just opened my eyes to so many things….but I guess, I guess these days I feel it was saying just one, one thing to me and that was, uh….´Let freedom ring for everybody everywhere´…but remember, we gotta fight for it….”
06.07.84 Cincinnati, OH, middle of ´Detroit Medley´
´´Wait a minute….hold on….just when…..now, fun´s fun….but this is a little too much….I´m getting tired now….when I get tired, I get loose….and when I get loose, I do things like….this ….I got it, hold that chord a moment….now, there´s something strange going on here in Cincinnati….every time we come here, and I´m not kidding, this is one of the loudest crowds we play to the whole tour…real loud….it must be something that´s in the water, right, that´s what it is, it´s in the water….goddammit, gotta get some of that back in New Jersey ! (chuckles)….well….we had a good time….and I ain´t got but one last thing to say to you people…(?) and that´s, hey boys….that´s…..I see a train coming down the track…..”
Compiled by : Johanna Pirttijärvi
Sorry no News-article available.
061984atlanticcitybadlandsbitusabobbyjeanbootlegbrucespringsteenbtrcadillacranchcincinnatidarlingtoncountydetroitmedleyditdfirefridaygigglorydayshighwaypatrolmanhungryheartihatjohnny99julyjunglelandmyhometownohio(oh)oitspianpinkcadillacritsriverfrontcoliseumrosalitasfmsherrydarlingsoundcheckstorytellertheriverthunderroadtickettour_bitusatplusausedcars
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Previous research
Extensive Survey
Intensive Survey
Survey structure
Archaeological survey
Geoarchaeological survey
Study of rescue excavations
Anthropological survey
Archaeological survey UP
Archaeological survey SP
Archaeological survey NP
Geophysical research
Geoarchaeological study
Anthropological study
Architectural survey
Study of the material
Geochemical survey
Small Temple W of Agora
Hellenistic Building
West Stoa
Northwest Complex
South Stoa
Room #4
Southeast Stoa
Ceramic Workshops
Architectural Documentation
Excavation Material Analysis
Conservation and Protection Studies
Ceramic Reference Collection
Thematic Exhibition
Switch to Greek
The 2007 season
Pat Gibbs and Geary Milward surveying beekeeper style.
Geophysical survey was carried out in July and September by teams of the University of York headed by Ben Gourley, and the Institute of Mediterranean Studies under Dr. Apostolos Sarris. The aim of the geophysical prospection is to supplement and control the data of the surface survey, with the identification of buried man-made features.
The team of the University of York worked in the field from July 1 to 28, and has covered with a gradiometer an area of 123,753 m².
Research covered all three parts of the plateau (UP, NP, SP) and has yielded important results for the architecture and planning of the ancient city. At the North Plateau eight new parallel streets, oriented east-west and measuring 6-6.5 m in width, were detected this year.
One of them we can follow to a total length of 600 m. At the north plateau, an equal number of perpendicular streets (oriented north-south) were recognized, of similar width except for one, which is almost 10 m wide. This true avenue crosses the plateau from north to south since it was also recognized to the south of the ancient agora. Research in the south plateau has produced one more perpendicular street and at least three horizontal ones.
Geophysical research of the University of York during the 2006 and 2007 seasons in the North Plateau.
Geophysical research of the University of York during the 2006 and 2007 seasons in the South Plateau.
In addition, survey in both the Northern and Southern plateau produced many data as to the content of the insulae with spaces developed around open courtyards. Contrary to the picture that we gained from these two areas, survey of the Upper Plateau produced no sign for the presence of a grid here and the planning of streets and building plots. Linear "anomalies" detected close to the northern and southern edge of the upper plateau probably correspond to geological fractures, and betray the process of the on-going natural erosion of the soft, marly bedrock.
Geophysical prospection with the use of a Ground Penetrating Radar.
The team of the Institute of Mediterranean Studies worked in the field from August 31 to September 10 and covered with various geophysical methods areas to the north, east, and south of the agora, of a total surface of 56,373 m².
Instruments for the measurement of electrical resistivity and the magnetic susceptibility of the soil were used, as well as a ground penetrating radar.
At least 13 streets of east-west and north-south orientation were identified, along with three cross-roads and parts of buildings and complexes which belonged to the residential quarters of the ancient city. Of particular importance are the results of the geophysical prospections in tracts directly to the east and the north of the ancient agora, where the identification of streets helps us to determine the extent and size of the agora, which was hitherto unknown. In addition, GPR prospection showed that the layers of the Hellenistic and Roman periods lie at an average depth of 0.7 to 1.3 m, which is verified by excavations conducted on the plateau.
Mosaic of all electrical measurements during 2004 to 2007.
Mosaic of all magnetic measurements during 2004 to 2007.
Mosaic of all GPR measurements during 2004 to 2007.
GPR readings at different depths in a field to the east of the ancient agora.
Ancient survey geometry based on known streets and avenues.
Thanks to the combined efforts of the University of York and the Institute of Mediterranean Studies with their geophysical prospections, as well as to the location and mapping of in situ architectural remains visible on the surface, we are now in a position to reconstruct the ancient city grid, which was made out of squares some 69 m of a side.
© 2004-2023: ΠΘ - IAKA
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My Brother Chen Aili Brutally Abused and Force-fed with an Unknown Drug at Tangshan City's Jidong Prison
January 24, 2002 | By Dafa Practitioner
(Clearwisdom.net) All six of us in my family are firm Dafa practitioners, including my parents, two younger brothers and one younger sister. Since July 20, 1999, my family has gone to Beijing 3 times to appeal for Dafa, verifying Dafa with our lives. We have suffered severe persecution by the evil authorities. After our trip to Beijing appealing for Dafa in 2001, my father Chen Yunchuan was illegally sentenced to a 2-year prison term and detained at Shijiazhuang Prison. My mother is still missing. My younger brother Chen Aizhong was detained at Tangshan City Labor Camp, Hebei Province and was tortured to death on September 21, 2001. My younger sister was illegally detained at Gaoyang Labor Camp. Below is a report about my other brother, Chen Aili.
On August 28, 2001, both my father Chen Yunchuan and my younger brother Chen Aili were sentenced to 2 years in prison for their firm faith in Dafa, and sent to Shijiazhuang City Prison and Tangshan City Jidong Prison Unit No. 5 Subunit No. 7, respectively.
In the afternoon of December 26, 2001, officer Yu from Changping police station brought section chief Wang and team chief Huang from Tangshan's Jidong Prison to my home. Chief Wang told me that my younger brother was in bad health and needed to go to the hospital for treatment, they asked me to sign for the bond. I felt that it was a trick, so I asked, "When will you release him?" He said, "We are still in the process of applying." I asked, "Can I visit my younger brother?" He said, "Probably by next spring." I felt more suspicious and refused to sign.
On January 8, 2002, in order to find out what was going on, I went to Jidong Prison in Hebei Province to visit my younger brother. Another chief also named Wang told me "Your younger brother has withdrawn into himself since October 1, 2001. He will not talk to anyone, and only nod or shake his head when others talked to him, acting abnormal. His weight reduced from 120 Jin to 80 Jin [about 88 lbs] since the beginning of October. The hospital gave him an examination for free, and diagnosed him as having low immunity functionality from depression. This is the same symptom as your other brother, Chen Aizhong."
I told him, "Chen Aizhong was not sick, he died from torture. My younger brother Chen Aili is not sick either."
My brother was brought out. I noticed he looked like a dementia case, his face looked dark and his eyes had no expression. He simply nodded to me. I sat next to him, we did not talk for about 10 minutes. The guards were impatient. Chief Wang asked him to talk to me about our family. The first thing my younger brother said was, "I will practice Falun Gong to the end of my life." He asked about our family members, and said, "Take it easy. We have to keep practicing no matter what happens. I am not sick, they forced me to take medicine. I refused, so they force-fed me. Now there are 6 to 7 people watching me everyday."
The guards were shocked and afraid, so chief Huang took my younger brother away immediately.
I don't know what kind of medicine they were force-feeding Aili. I want to disclose the evil persecution here and tell people the gruesome truth about the situation in China.
“Canadian Mother Arrested on Tiananmen Square; Hearing Scheduled for Tomorrow in Beijing”
“The Second Detention Center of Qiqihar-An Evil Place where Falun Dafa Practitioners are Persecuted”
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List of instructions following a State Council Presidium meeting
The President approved a list of instructions issued following a State Council Presidium meeting held on September 6, 2022.
The instructions issued to the Russian Government concern the creation by 2035 of federal year-round seaside resorts in Russia, with an overall capacity of at least 10 million people a year; keeping a register of destinations with strong tourism potential and taking measures to create tourist infrastructure facilities in such areas; restoring historical mansions and converting them into hotels or making them suitable to provide other services to tourists; creating at least 1,000 tourist itineraries complete with the necessary service facilities.
The instructions also pertain to allocating subsidies from the federal budget to stimulate affordable domestic tourist trips; partial reimbursement for tourism services bought with an individual’s own money under the programme to support tourist trips to affordable domestic tourist destinations, including recreation and rehabilitation of children; issuing registered certificates to pay for domestic tourist travel by children or other family members of the service personnel taking part in the special military operation.
In addition, instructions were given regarding the introduction of resort fees in some constituent entities of the Russian Federation; the maintenance of beaches; the use of cross-country motor vehicles to develop tourism; and the promotion of the Silver Necklace of Russia tourist project, which is being carried out in the Northwestern Federal District.
A number of instructions were given to the Russian Government to support projects to build or renovate hotels with a capacity of up to 120 rooms; to provide the necessary equipment for the tourist industry; to ensure that organisations operating in the tourism sector have sufficient personnel; and to reduce the tax burden on the tourism sector.
The Russian Government was also given instructions regarding the improvement of land and property relations to promote tourism, the creation of a tourist transport backbone network, the development of cruise tourism, and the creation of a national tourist route, the Great Volga Route.
The Russian Government together with the Russian Academy of Sciences were given instructions regarding the use of vessels, which are normally used for sea research (provided conditions are created to conduct this research), and also vessels owned by Rosgeologiya and used for sea research (also, provided conditions are created to conduct this research), for tourist purposes in the [Russian] Far East.
The Russian Government, the Foreign Ministry, the Interior Ministry and the Federal Security Service were given instructions on efforts to increase air traffic to and from foreign countries which are not on the list of foreign countries committing unfriendly actions against the Russian Federation, Russian legal entities or individuals; introduce (without making allowance for the principle of reciprocity) visa-free regimes for foreign nationals travelling to the Russian Federation for tourism, business or education purposes or to take part in sports or cultural events; reintroduce a single electronic visa for nationals of foreign countries which are not on the list of foreign countries committing unfriendly actions against the Russian Federation, Russian legal entities or individuals; and extend multiple tourist visas.
The Russian Government, the Interior Ministry and the Federal Security Service were instructed to jointly consider the possibility of building a road between the resort Arkhyz in the Karachayevo-Circassian Republic and the resort Krasnaya Polyana in the Krasnodar Territory.
Several instructions were given to the Russian Government together with executive authorities of the Republic of Daghestan and the Karachayevo-Circassian Republic, as well as together with Russian Railways.
Instructions issued to Rosmolodezh [the Federal Agency for Youth Affairs], Ministry of Education, Ministry of Science and Higher Education, and other interested federal executive authorities, concern issues of developing a programme to promote civic, patriotic and socially important youth tourism by consolidating successful youth projects and programmes.
Individual recommendations were given to relevant executive bodies of Russia’s constituent entities.
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Joe Manganiello Calls Out the Media on The Batman Negative Reports
March 11, 2017 Arelis Movies, News, The Batman
Joe Manganiello who’s playing Deathstroke in the DC Extended Universe, was recently interviewed by Robert Irvine Magazine, in which Manganiello spoke on The Batman, such as his training for the film, the negative reviews for the DC Extended Universe film thus far, playing the first live action Deathstroke on film and the negative spin the media have taken on the film whenever a change to the film is reported.
On playing the first live action Deathstroke on film:
RI: And you get to make him your own because he’s never been portrayed in a live-action film before.
JM: Yeah, I guess there was a TV show but I haven’t seen it. I won’t watch it. This is my character, an exciting one, and has the capacity I think, to be a great villain. And what all the great ones can do is polarize an audience. When I was a kid I always rooted for the villain. As a kid I think I would have rooted for him and I think fans will.
On when the film will begin filming and the media twisting any changes to the film as a negative:
RI: You said in an interview last year that you might start filming in the spring. Other recent reports show the script might not be there.
JM: Last year, I said May and that was my understanding. It depends. They have big plans for this movie. Whether or not we start exactly on that date or in June, whatever it is, it doesn’t matter. Here’s the thing: The creative process needs to be respected and no one involved in this film wants to make anything less than an unbelievable film, a legendary film. The movie will start shooting whenever those pieces are in place and we know this is gonna be something that we’re proud of. What we’re not gonna do is be backed into a start date, scrambling to get something off the ground just to get it off the ground. Everyone involved wants to make this the best film possible, so that’s really what it’s about. It’s funny how the media likes to run with, “Oh there’s trouble!” “Oh, the script needs to be revised!” They’re drama queens. There’s a creative process, and everyone on the cast and crew wants to make this the best movie possible. So that’s what we’re gonna do. When we start shooting it, we’ll start shooting it. It will be soon, I can say that. Here’s the thing: No one wants to create that superhero movie that’s polarizing to fans and critics. Rest assured, we’re gonna do this thing right.
To read the full interview head over to Chefirvine.com.
Gal Gadot and Chris Pine to Appear at the Kids' Choice Awards
Wonder Woman Official Trailer #3 Sneak Peaks
BatmanBen AffleckDeathstrokeJoe ManganiellonewsThe Batman
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Writers of the Future Workshop 2017 – Day 3
March 30, 2017 /0 Comments/in Annual Workshop & Awards /by Joni Labaqui
A subdued tension hangs in the air this morning.
Yesterday’s conversations about craft have been absorbed, and the collection of this year’s winners have spent the night with the knowledge of their story objects working their way into their psyches. They’ve shared moments. They’ve gotten comfortable with each other. This morning they know the learning session is going to be about agents and editors, and how to deal with that end of the business. They know they are going to go to the library, and they know they are going to ignore their mother’s advice and go out to talk with strangers.
They also know they are going to be writing a story today—the “24-hour story” as it were.
The specter of it looms. The feeling as the morning session gathers is like being on a roller coaster car that’s been slowly climbing to its peak. Now it’s cresting. Story time is coming.
No going back.
I got a chance to chat with Anton Rose before the morning session started. Anton is from the UK and is the Q1 third place winner. He’s the guy with the phone cord as his story object. He’s looking forward to the challenge. I ask him how he’s enjoying the event so far, and he tells me that he’s enjoying the camaraderie. He has online support for his writing, he says. “But I don’t have a lot of people in my area doing speculative fiction. It’s nice to have real people to talk with.”
No surprise there, I suppose. This group of winners seems to have really bonded already.
Anton also says he’s been anticipating the 24-hour story. As the rest of the group files into the classroom, it becomes more and more obvious that all the winners have been thinking about this, too.
That said, if there is any topic that can divert the attention of new writers from the roller coaster ride, it’s a discussion about agents. The conversation is lively. Questions are asked. “You don’t want an agent,” Dave Farland said. “You want the agent.” Tim Powers agreed. “It’s like finding a spouse,” he added. “You don’t want to get married just because you found someone who will take you on, right?” There was more, of course. A whole lot more. And it was clear the winners were in full learning mode, which made this session a lot of fun to watch.
Then came the walk to the library for research, and the assignment to find a stranger to strike up a conversation with.
I brought up the rear during the walk to the library. Watching the entire column of writers trekking through Los Angeles made me think about the future. How many of the stories that are going to be written today will we see in magazines? I’m guessing a few. How will the things they research in a moment influence those stories? Some, I’m guessing, but I’ll put my money on the idea that the biggest influence on these stories will be the “conversations.” I tell a few of them that I can viscerally remember the people I talked to down to the point of what they were wearing and how their voices sounded as they spoke. Knowing you’re going to let someone’s persona influence your art has a way of changing how you store those memories I guess. Or, maybe it’s just me. The proof will be in the pudding.
Molly Atkins (published finalist) and Dustin Steinacker (Q1 first prize winner) kill two birds with one stone and conduct their conversations right there at the library. It’s fun to watch both take on animated tones, and even more fun when Dustin’s interview candidate pulls out a notebook and starts to show him maps and charts. “He was into celebrities,” Dustin told me afterward. There was more, too, Dustin went on in some depth that I won’t report on here because I have no idea how it will show up in his story. But let’s just say I’m intrigued. There’s every chance I may use the base concept in something I write soon, myself. That’s how ideas move through the world, right? They pass from person to person, morphing at each step.
Sean Hazlett (Q1 second place winner) takes a unique approach, calling an uber to take him to the Hollywood sign. “It’s only a couple minute drive, but I figure this way I get to sight-see and I get a captive audience.”
I had great fun pretending to be a hard-shelled street detective as I did my best to keep the Author Services photographers informed of where the winners were as they scattered around the area.
By 4:00 PM, however, the waiting is over. The winners gathered back in the classroom for a few additional moments of advice, then Tim Powers stood at the door and said “All right, it’s time. Go!”
Off the winners went.
Sitting here—jotting down these thoughts—I’m recalling the energy of this moment when I was here, and I’m imagining the work these winners are doing. I’m thinking about the people who were in my classes, and the stories I know they wrote that eventually got published. I can see their faces in my mind. Then I’m thinking about these thirteen winners working away. I can see them sitting in the hotel lobby and at the side of the pool. I can imagine them in their hotel rooms like I was back in the day. Typing away. Then sitting back and thinking. Staring out into space, and typing again. I’m thinking about words being put down on manuscripts as I’m sitting here. Thirteen stories. Let’s say 5,000 words each. Believe me, a lot of these winners will hit that number. Assuming they do, that’s 65,000 words that are being created today.
65,000 words. Twenty-four hours.
How awesome is that?
A ton of cool pics from today’s highlights can be seen HERE.
Ron Collins
Guest blogger, Ron Collins.
Ron Collins was a Writers of the Future published finalist in 1998 and a prize winner in 1999. He has gone on to publish about 100 short stories in prominent magazines and anthologies. Each volume in his fantasy serial Saga of the God-Touched Mage, hit the top 10 on Amazon’s bestselling Dark Fantasy list in the US, UK, and Australia. His short story, “The White Game” was nominated for the Short Mystery Fiction Society’s 2016 Derringer Award. The first four books of his current SF series, Stealing the Sun, are available now.
Tags: Annual Workshops and Awards Celebration 2017, David Farland, L. Ron Hubbard, Ron Collins, Tim Powers, Writer winners, Writers of the Future, writing contest
http://dev.writersofthefuture.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/00_writers-workshop-day3_07C1289.jpg 800 1200 Joni Labaqui https://www.writersofthefuture.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Writers-of-the-Future-logo.jpg Joni Labaqui2017-03-30 08:42:512022-04-21 22:09:47Writers of the Future Workshop 2017 – Day 3
Illustrators of the Future Workshop 2017 – Day 1 Illustrators of the Future Workshop 2017 – Day 2
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JISC
JISC inspires UK colleges and universities in the innovative use of digital technologies, helping to maintain the UK's position as a global leader in education. JISC develops partnerships to enable the UK education and research communities to engage in national and global collaborations to overcome the challenges of delivering world-class ICT solutions and services.
Mimas is an organisation of experts. Its role is to support the advancement of knowledge, powering world-class research and teaching. As a nationally designated data centre, Mimas hosts a significant number of the UK's research information assets – and builds services and tools to help people make the most of this rich resource.
mimas.ac.uk
Sero Consulting
Sero consultants specialise in education, skills and economic growth in the information and communications technology (ICT) and digital media sectors. The Sero team offers an essential combination of communications professionals (experienced in specialist stakeholder campaigns in the education and public realm) and domain experts (covering libraries, archives, museums, repositories and the developer community). The team also includes established Sero partners, chosen for their expertise as well as their communications skills.
sero.co.uk
Research Libraries UK (RLUK)
RLUK's vision is that the UK should have the best research library support in the world. RLUK works with its members and partners, nationally and internationally, to shape and realise the vision of the modern research library.
rluk.ac.uk
Collections Trust
The Collections Trust is the new UK organisation for collections. It aims to improve the quality of life by ensuring that cultural collections are available for use and enjoyment by everyone – now and for the future.
collectionstrust.org.uk
EDINA is a UK national academic data centre, designated by JISC on behalf of UK funding bodies to support the activity of universities, colleges and research institutes in the UK, by delivering access to a range of online data services through a UK academic infrastructure, as well as supporting knowledge exchange and ICT capacity building, nationally and internationally.
edina.ac.uk
Eduserv
Eduserv is dedicated to developing and delivering technology solutions that save money for education, health, the public sector and commercial organisations.
eduserv.org.uk
UKOLN
UKOLN is a research organisation that aims to inform practice and influence policy in the areas of: digital libraries, information systems, bibliographic management and web technologies. It provides network information services, including the Ariadne magazine, and runs workshops and conferences.
ukoln.ac.uk
UK Archives Discovery Network (UKAD)
UKAD is a network of like-minded archivists and other information professionals working towards opening up archival data in order to promote the use of archives. Its vision is to facilitate discovery of archives for all researchers. UKAD wants to provide a sustainable online network to facilitate cross searching of archival resources across the UK.
ukad.org
The Metadata Ecology
Opening Data
RLUK
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The Cambridge History of the American Civil War
Title The Cambridge History of the American Civil War
Series Editor Sheehan-Dean, Aaron
Number of Volumes 3
Number of Pages 624, 562, 518
Publisher Cambridge University Press
City Cambridge
The Civil War was America's great national trauma. Like the Napoleonic Wars in nineteenth-century Europe and World War II in the twentieth, the Civil War birthed a new civic order. Politics, economic and social life, and cultural expression all assumed a new cast for the war's participants and their children. Even a century and a half later, after industrialization, urbanization, the dramatic expansion of America's military and political power in the world, and generations of cultural change, the war's impact is plain to see.
Volume 1: Military Affairs – narrates the major battles and campaigns of the conflict, conveying the full military experience during the Civil War. The military encounters between Union and Confederate soldiers and between both armies and irregular combatants and true non-combatants structured the four years of war. These encounters were not solely defined by violence, but military encounters gave the war its central architecture.
Volume 2: Affairs of the State – explores the political and social dimensions of the Civil War in both the North and South. Millions of Americans lived outside the major campaign zones so they experienced secondary exposure to military events through newspaper reporting and letters home from soldiers. Governors and Congressmen assumed a major role in steering the personnel decisions, strategic planning, and methods of fighting, but regular people also played roles in direct military action, as guerrilla fighters, as nurses and doctors, and as military contractors.
Volume 3: Affairs of the People – analyzes the cultural and intellectual impact of the war, considering how it reshaped Americans' spiritual, cultural, and intellectual habits. The Civil War engendered an existential crisis more profound even than the changes of the previous decades. Its duration, scale, and intensity drove Americans to question how they understood themselves as people.
URL https://www.cambridge.org/core/series/cambridge-history-of-the-american-civil-war/B8F224DBAAD19A9C4CC31B9A3E7DAB8B
Anthology/Edited Volume
Textbook/Survey
Military & Society
War & Nation/Nation-building
War, Politics/Citizenship & Men/Masculinity
War & Warfare
-American Civil War (1861-65)
-North America
11. Gender and the Wars of Nation-building and Nation-keeping in the Americas, 1830s–1870s
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Christian missions history by periods
Roman Catholic missions from 1200 to1600 AD
Monastic missionary strategy
The popular stereotype of Christian religious orders brings to mind hermits, cloisters and a vague memory of such aberrations as Simon Stylites. Such orders originated in northern Egypt in the fourth century and in the first few hundred years it was characterized almost exclusively by the above things. The words monasticism and monk are rooted in the Greek word monos, which can be translated as "alone."
However, that "aloneness" emphasis began fading by the thirteenth century as monastic and other religious orders turned outward. The movement that had sought to rediscover Christianity by withdrawing from the world and attain holiness by total separation turned into an evangelistic movement. During the four centuries of European exploration and colonization (1200 to 1600 a.d.), the religious orders were the Church's center of missionary training and propagation. One of the most positive things about the religious orders, asserts one author, "was the missionary organization through which Christendom worked up to Wycliffe, Huss and Luther."1 A look at the list of important Western Church (or Roman Catholic) missionaries in this period would be sufficient to demonstrate the importance of monastic and other religious orders in the task of world evangelism. Almost without exception, the names on any such list would have been members of such orders. Few "secular" clergy were involved in cross-cultural evangelism. Stephen Neill calls the founding of the Jesuit order in this period "the most important event in the missionary history of the Roman Catholic church." 2
The missionary outreach by monastic and other religious orders had, of course, been given a big push at the beginning of the thirteenth century when the Franciscans were formed. Francis of Assisi infused his followers with missionary spirit. [ more on Francis ]
As soon as his monastic group of followers reached the New Testament number of seventy, Francis paired them off and sent them out two by two. His commission to each pair was: "Go, proclaim peace to men; preach repentance. You shall increase to a great multitude and shall go on increasing to the end of the world." 3
Francis himself went on one of the Crusades -- not to fight, but to preach. He did get a chance to witness for Christ to the Sultan in Egypt.
Historian Williston Walker wrote that, from Francis of Assisi on, missionary outreach "was primarily the endeavor of the monastic orders. . . . To the work of these orders the Christianity of Southern, Central, and large parts of North America is due. . . . They covered the Philippines." 4 Roman Catholic religious orders also carried the Gospel message to major countries of Asia such as Japan, China and India. They were to be found as well in Africa. Of the major continents of the world. Only Australia was untouched by missionaries who were members of monastic or religious orders.
A brief window of opportunity for Gospel outreach opened in the Mongolian empire. Christianity had been introduced to the Mongols as early as the 8th century by Nestorian Christian missionaries from Persia. However, it was in the 13th century reign of Genghis Kahn that Christianity experienced significant growth in Mongolia.
Genghis Kahn was married to a Christian woman. One of the Khan's daughters-in-law, Sorkaktani, was a Nestorian Christian who became the mother of three great emperors, including Kublai Khan. A dozen Dominican and Franciscan missionaries were working in Mongolia at that time.
When the opportunity came to join a diplomatic mission to the court of Mongol Emperor Kublai Kahn (who ruled China from present day Beijing), Nicolo Polo, an Italian merchant seized it. The Kahn was courteous and friendly toward the visitors and was very curious about the western world from which they came. He was particularly interested in Christianity and asked the Polos to go back to Europe as his personal ambassadors.
Along with messages of peace, the Kahn asked them to request that the pope to send one hundred scholars to teach his people about Christianity and western science. After a three-year return trip back to Europe, the men arrived in Rome only to find that Pope Clement IV had died. While the church's cardinals had been convened to select a successor, they were deeply divided and took three years to make a decision on who the new pope would be. To encourage them to come to a decision, the townspeople eventually threatened to cut off their food supply and actually did tear the roof off the building in which they were meeting!
When Pope Gregory X was finally elected, he did send two priests to Mongolia (rather than the one hundred requested). The party set out on the five thousand mile journey, which took another three and a half years. That meant that almost 10 years had passed since the Kahn had asked for missionaries to come.
The history of Christianity among the Mongols is a history of "what ifs." We don't know what would have happened if some things had gone differently. However, there does seem to have been a window of opportunity for Christianity in the Mongol empire. Sadly, Christians failed to properly exploit that window.
Today, the Roman Catholic orders are proud of their missionary past. During a visit I made to the little town of Assisi in central Italy, a Franciscan monk there reminded me that it was his religious order which had evangelized much of the Southwest of my country, the United States.
That these religious orders could be so effectively used in missionary outreach was due in part to their organizational makeup. They were quite free-wheeling, being answerable only and directly to the Pope. Each order designed its own internal organization and, with only occasional "interference" from papal authority, implemented its own missionary methodology. To be sure, such independence at times produced a spirit of competition between the various orders. Even so, one must acknowledge that such competition was not always negative.
So, to sum up, what was the Western Church (or Roman Catholic) missionary strategy from 1200 to 1600 A.D? It was built almost exclusively on using personnel from the monastic and other religious orders. Latourette sums it up by simply saying that in this period, Roman Catholic missionaries were "monks, and such orders as the Franciscans, Dominicans, and Jesuits had missions as a major objective." 5
1 George Smith, Short History of Christian Missions (Edinburgh: T. and T. Clark, 1880), p. 146.
2 Stephen Neill, A History of Christian Mission (New York: Penguin Books, 1964), p. 23.
3 Mendell Taylor, Exploring Evangelism (Kansas City: Nazarene Publishing House, 1964), p. 118
4 Williston Walker, A History of the Christian Church, rev. ed. (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1959), p. 379.
5 Kenneth Scott Latourette, A History of Christianity , rev. ed. (New York: Harper and Row, 1975), p. 927.
The modern missionary era
By the 1600's missionary outreach was beginning to touch all continents. [ read more ]
How well do you know world missions history?
World missions history crossword puzzle
Key figures in world missions history -- crossword puzzles
Missions history material in chapter 3 of Discovering Missions
Missions history resources: Evangelizing the Barbarians Evangelizing the Vikings World evangelism from 1600 to the present PowerPoint: Epochs of Christian missionary advance Black Americans involvement in world missions Doing missions well: Missionary biographies Missions history course exam study guides Historic world evangelism slogans Overview of world missions outreach Nazarene Missions International history Missions history course syllabus Year-by-year timeline of world evangelism events It happened today: World missions events that happened in the month of January William Borden's story Hudson Taylor Creative Access countries
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International Polar Year 2007-2008
The International Polar Year 2007-2008 (IPY) has been an international coordinated research initiative. Its celebration coincided with the 125th anniversary of the First International Polar Year (1887-1888), the 75th anniversary of the Second International Polar Year (1932-1933) and the 50th anniversary of the International Geophysical Year (1957-1958), which led to the establishment of SCAR and the Antarctic Treaty.
It has been one of the most ambitious internationally coordinated scientific projects, and its observational period was from the 1st March 2007 to 1st March 2009. It has been one of the most ambitious internationally coordinated scientific projects which observational period was from the 1st March 2007 to 1st March 2009. The first results of the IPY have been presented in June 2010 in the largest polar research and education venture undertaken before, the IPY Oslo Science Conference. More than 2400 people with around 2100 presentations were held during this conference.
IPY came to an end at an official closing ceremony in Oslo the final day of the IPY Oslo Science Conference, on 12th June 2010.
It has subsequently been published an overview of the organization and the preliminary results of the IPY: "Understanding Earth´s Polar Challenges: International Polar Year 2007-2008".
Link to the publication on-line (Flash Player)
Download leaflet about the International Polar Year 2007-2008
In the International Polar Year about 50,000 persons participated from over 60 countries. They collected information to yield new knowledge in key areas, including: Earth, Land, Ocean, Ice, Atmosphere, Space and People. Activities on Education and Outreach and data systems integration were also included in the program.
See chart of official projects of the International Polar Year
The IPY 2007-2008 is supported by the International Council for Science (ICSU) and the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). On a first stage the document A Framework for the International Polar Year 2007-2009 was elaborated.
The ICSU-WMO Joint Committee for the IPY, organizer of the API, has published the following documents that can be downloaded on the links that are indicated:
- The scope of Science for the International Polar Year 2007-2008 (2007)
- The State of Polar Research (2009)
- "Understanding Earth´s Polar Challenges: International Polar Year 2007-2008" (2011) (27 Mb)
During the IPY, activities in the Arctic and in the Antarctic have been carried out. SCAR, by means of the Scientific Research Projects and other subsidiary bodies, participated in different Antarctic and bipolar IPY projects. SCAR´s participation in the International Polar Year can be see here.
The IPY projects relevant to SCAR can be consulted in: www.scar.org/events/internationalpolaryear.
Information about the Spanish research groups and projects included in the International Polar Year can be seen in:
- Spanish participation in the International Polar Year 2007-2008 in Antarctica
- Spanish participation in the International Polar Year 2007-2008 in the Arctic
- Chart of official projects of the International Polar Year indicating projects with Spanish participation
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The Locke Consort
John Wilson Meyer - baroque violin
Mimi Mitchell - baroque violin
Susanne Braumann - viola da gamba
Fred Jacobs - theorbo
The Locke Consort is one of today's most exciting baroque ensembles. Celebrating their twenty-five year jubileum this season, The Locke Consort is internationally acknowledged for the depth and maturity of their interpretations of seventeenth century music. The ensemble has been the recipient of numerous important awards, including two prizes in the Internationa1 Competition for Early Music Ensembles (the Netherlands), first prize in the Early Music Network Competition (London) and first prize in the Erwin Bodky Competition (USA).
Praised for their performances and recordings, the ensemble has won critical acclaim both at home and abroad. The Locke Consort has performed in important series and festivals throughout Europe and the United States and has been recorded by major television and radio networks including the BBC, Radio France, Dutch NOS and the National Public Radio (USA).
The four members of The Locke Consort come from England, the Netherlands, Germany and the United States and are based in Amsterdam. The group takes its name from the composer Matthew Locke (1661/2-1677) and is modelled on the ensemble that Locke directed at the court of Charles II.
Especially renowned for their interpretations of seventeenth century English music, The Locke Consort was chosen to take part in the William and Mary tricentennial celebration, performing in the Netherlands, England and the United States. For the Purcell celebrations in 1995 and 2009, The Locke Consort was again recognised as one of the leading specialists in English baroque music and performed as part of the Purcell festivities around the world.
Their compact disc, ‘Seven Suites by Matthew Locke’, created an international critical sensation and was nominated for the prestigious Baroque Chamber Music Award by Gramophone Magazine. The Locke Consort has also recorded works by Henry Purcell and his contemporaries. With their recording of unpublished works by John Jenkins, they worked in collaboration with the Jenkins' scholar Andrew Ashbee and the publishers of the Musica Britannica series.
In addition to their reputation in the field of early music, The Locke Consort is also actively involved with contemporary music. They have premiered works by the American composer Ron Ford and the Dutch composer Bart Visman. The Locke Consort’s collaboration with the Dutch modern dance group Leine & Roebana in 2008 resulted in an exciting production that was performed throughout Europe. The Locke Consort has also worked together with Peter Greenaway on music for his filmThe Baby of Macon.
Latest CD
Matthew Locke
The Broken Consort
Suites from Tripla concordia
order on: amazon.co.uk, bol.com, amazon.de
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Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland
Publish in PSAS
Editorial Advisory
Vol 88 (1956) /
Pictish Chain, Roman Silver and Bauxite Beads
Robert Stevenson (Author)
Period(s):
Stevenson, R. (1954). Pictish Chain, Roman Silver and Bauxite Beads. Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, 88, 228-230. Retrieved from http://journals.socantscot.org/index.php/psas/article/view/8477
Vol 88 (1956)
Robert Stevenson, Two Bronze Age Burials , Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland: Vol 73 (1939)
Robert Stevenson, Notes: (9) Cists near Tweedsmuir , Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland: Vol 74 (1940)
Robert Stevenson, Alexander Low, Notes: (8) Short Cists in the Parish of Innerwick, East Lothian: (a) Thurston Mains, (b) Skateraw. With a Report on the Skeletal Remains from the Cist at Thurston Mains , Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland: Vol 74 (1940)
Robert Stevenson, Notes: (10) Notice of a Long Cist, Middleton, Froickheim , Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland: Vol 74 (1940)
Robert Stevenson, Medieval Dwelling sites and a Primitive Village in the Parish of Manor, Peeblesshire. Excavations in July 1939 , Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland: Vol 75 (1941)
Robert Stevenson, Notes: (4) Two Cinerary Urns fround at Balrownie, Brechin, Angus , Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland: Vol 75 (1941)
Robert Stevenson, M I PLATT, Some relics from Kildalton, Islay , Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland: Vol 78 (1944)
Robert Stevenson, Jacobite Rings , Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland: Vol 80 (1948)
Robert Stevenson, A Shell-Heap at Polmonthill, Falkirk , Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland: Vol 80 (1948)
Robert Stevenson, Notes: (3) Jottings on Early Pottery , Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland: Vol 80 (1948)
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The Fellows of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland are a diverse group of people with one common passion – Scotland’s past. Find out how to become a Fellow.
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Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland ISSN 0081-1564 (print) | 2056-743X (online)
Published by the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland – registered charity no. SC 010440 – National Museums Scotland, Chambers Street, Edinburgh EH1 1JF, United Kingdom. Archived for long-term digital preservation by Archaeology Data Service.
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Shire History
Tweed Shire
The Bray Family
Lisnagar Homestead
Local Records
The History of Tweed Shire
The Municipality of Murwillumbah was proclaimed by Government Gazette No. 346 of 25/5/1902 with alterations by proclamation in Gazette No. 3 of 6/2/1922. The minutes of the first Municipal Council meeting reveal that it took place in the School of Arts (now replaced by a Plaza) on Friday, 22nd August, 1902. The main business was the election of Mayor, with Returning Officer Mr R. C. Ewing, brother of Thomas Ewing and a Real Estate businessman. Members present were Patrick Smith (Stock and Real Estate Agent), Peter Street (Solicitor), Isaac McIlrath (Manager, Tweed Co-operative Butter Factory), John Withford (Storekeeper), Ralph Thornton (Estate Agent) and Edward Osborne.
Mr Withford proposed that Mr Smith be elected Mayor. Mr Ralph Thornton proposed that Mr Street be elected Mayor. Mr Osborne proposed that the election be conducted by a show of hands, seconded by Mr Withford. Carried. The show of hands asked for three for Mr Smith and three for Mr Street. Mr Street was elected Mayor on the casting vote of the Returning Officer and held office for 1902 and 1903. The minutes were confirmed by Mr Street 28/8/1902 as Mayor.
The Shire of Tweed was proclaimed in Government Gazette No. 121 of 7th March, 1906 with the alterations proclaimed in Government Gazette No. 144 of 23/12/1908, No. 3 of 6/1/1922, No. 69 of 15/6/1923.
The foundation stone of Shire Hall in Queensland Road Murwillumbah was laid on 8 July 1915 by Shire President W. L. Brasnett, J.P. This building became the working centre of the Tweed Shire Council until amalgamation of the Shire of Tweed and the Municipality of Murwillumbah, proclaimed by Government Gazette 20/12/1946.
It was constructed in brick and for those times it was commodious with council chambers, president's room, shire clerk's office, strong room, engineer's room, inspector's room and toilet. At the rear was a large brick storeroom for tools and stables for horses. The cost was One thousand, one hundred & forty one pounds.
All rights reserved. Updated 7 December 2020
Content copyright © 2020 Murwillumbah Historical Society Inc.
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Moby Group develops first series in Afghanistan
The media group, Moby Group, one of the largest in Afghanistan, launched through its channel Tolo TV, the first series full HD, Defenders, produced by Kaboora Productions, which is part of the group, and has great presence in Iran, Pakistan and Yemen.
Under the production of Daniel Mesa, who previously worked for Fox Telecolombia, the 13-episode series maintains respect for the customs of Western culture, where many restrictions against women inclusively there is no acting profession as actress.
“It was very a difficult job for the small budget and the kind of social barriers due to the restrictions they have for women. This is to be applauded because it is a great step to be able to produce the first TV series in Afghanistan, where it is shown for the first time, the equality of conditions for women and men. Tolo TV is a channel that has brought and adapted formats such as The Voice and Minute to Win, among others. Defenders is its big bet on fiction with which they are doing their part to grow local production,” said Daniel Mesa, series producer.
Significantly lDefenders was the most watched program in this country for several weeks, in addition to a huge acceptance across Tolo TV channel on YouTube.
Receive a prompt response to your concerns, by writing to: redaccionusa@tvmasmagazine.com
Categories: Featured, Latest news
…KNOW THAT?
The Universal Studio movie channel owned by NBC Universal, starts broadcasting its HD signal in the first quarter of 2014.
Takes for the first time in Colombia the FremantelMedia format, Idol Colombia, co-production between RCN and 2&2 shooting starting in January 2014.
The German company Gfk – signed a five-year agreement with Band, Record, Rede TV! and SBT to measure audiences in Brazil from 2015.
Netflix won the rights to broadcast Better Call Saul, the next show derived from Breaking Bad, which will be broadcast only to subscribers of the platform worldwide.
Azteca America - launches free application for Android and iOS, which allows access to the main videos of the library of the Hispanic TV network.
Telecinco and Globomedia already working on a new comedy series set on a cruise. The fiction is borne by the creative team of the successful Spanish series Aida, hoping to get the same success.
Edith Gonzalez and Mauricio Islas star in Las Bravo. The new production of Azteca Novelas announced the cast who will form the stellar production of the Mexican television station, which begins broadcasting the first quarter of 2014.
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Search Results (25 titles)
Wells, H. G. (X) English (X) Audio Books Collection (X) LibriVox Audio Books (X)
* Audio Books Collection
Records: 1 - 20 of 25 - Pages:
Wheels of Chance, The
Mp3 (Audio Book)
Subjects: Fiction, Humor
Collections: Literature, Wheels of Chance, The, Audio Books Collection
Invisible Man, The (Version 2)
Subjects: Fiction, Adventure, Science fiction
Collections: Literature, Invisible Man, The (Version 2), Audio Books Collection, Science Fiction Collection
...Terrifically popular science fiction novel by renowned writer HG Wells, about a scientist discovering how to achieve invisibility. But, in his case, being out of sight evidently does NOT mean out of mind. (Summary by Cathy Barratt)...
Subjects: Fiction, Science fiction
Collections: Literature, Time Machine, The, Audio Books Collection, Science Fiction Collection
...The Time Machine is a novel by H. G. Wells, first published in 1895, later made into two films of the same title. This novel is generally credited with the popularization of the concept of time travel using a vehicle that allows an operator to travel purposef...
Sleeper Awakes, The
Subjects: Fiction, Science fiction, Adventure
Collections: Literature, Sleeper Awakes, The, Audio Books Collection, Science Fiction Collection
World Set Free, The, Version 2
Subjects: Fiction, Fantasy
Collections: Literature, World Set Free, The, Version 2, Audio Books Collection, Science Fiction Collection
...Radioactive decay is a major theme in the novel The World Set Free, published in 1914. Wells explores what might happen if the rate of decay could be sped up. The book may have encouraged scientists to explore theories of nuclear chain reaction. It also served as a vehicle for Wells to develop his ideas on surv...
Invisible Man, The
Collections: Literature, Invisible Man, The, Audio Books Collection, Science Fiction Collection
...The Invisible Man (1897) is one of the most famous science fiction novels of all time. Written by H.G. Wells (1866-1946), it tells the story of a scientist who discovers the secret of invisibility and uses it on himself. The story begins as the Invisible Man, with a bandaged face and a heavy coat and gloves, takes a train t...
Time Machine, The (Version 4)
Collections: Literature, Time Machine, The (Version 4), Audio Books Collection, Science Fiction Collection, Law
...The Time Machine is a science fiction novella by H. G. Wells, published in 1895 for the first time and later adapted into at least two feature films of the same name, as well as two television versions, and a large number of comic book adaptations. It indirectly inspired many ...
World Set Free, The
Collections: Literature, Social Sciences, History, World Set Free, The, Audio Books Collection, Science Fiction Collection
...The World Set Free is a novel published in 1914 by H. G. Wells. The book is considered a prophetical novel foretelling the advent of nuclear weapons. A constant theme in Wells's work, such as his 1901 nonfiction book Anticipations, was the role of energy and technological advanc...
Story of the Stone Age, A
Subjects: Fiction
Collections: Literature, Social Sciences, History, Story of the Stone Age, A, Audio Books Collection, Most Popular Books in China
First Men in the Moon, The
Collections: Technology, Literature, First Men in the Moon, The, Audio Books Collection, Science Fiction Collection
Ann Veronica
Subjects: Fiction, Romance, Politics
Collections: Political Sociology, Literature, Political Science, Ann Veronica, Audio Books Collection
Island of Dr. Moreau, The
Collections: Literature, Sociology, Religion, Island of Dr. Moreau, The, Audio Books Collection, Science Fiction Collection
...The Island of Doctor Moreau is an 1896 science fiction novel written by H. G. Wells, addressing ideas of society and community, human nature and identity, religion, Darwinism, and eugenics. When the novel was written in the late 19th century, England's scientific community was engulfed by debates on...
Tono-Bungay
Subjects: Fiction, Literature
Collections: Literature, Sociology, Education, History, Tono-Bungay, Audio Books Collection
War in the Air, The
Subjects: Fiction, Adventure, Fantasy
Collections: Political Sociology, Military Science, Literature, Naval Science, Political Science, History, War in the Air, The, Audio Books Collection, Science Fiction Collection
...War in the Air was written during a prolific time in H. G. Wells's writing career. Having withdrawn from British politics to spend more time on his own ideas, he published twelve books between 1901 and 1911, including this one. while many British citizens were surprised by the adv...
In the Days of the Comet
Collections: Military Science, Literature, Naval Science, Education, Astronomy, History, In the Days of the Comet, Audio Books Collection, Science Fiction Collection
Kipps
Collections: Literature, Sociology, Education, Finance, Economy, Kipps, Audio Books Collection
...he consequences of being wealthy are not easy to live with. A poignant tale about ambition and social class in England in the early 20th century by H.G. Wells, a master of this genre, who drew on features of his own life to provide some of the material (Summary by Anthony)...
History of Mr. Polly, The
Collections: Political Sociology, Literature, Social Sciences, Political Science, History, History of Mr. Polly, The, Audio Books Collection
... funny and touching account of the imaginative Mr. Polly who, bored and trapped in his conventional life, makes a U-turn –- and changes everything. H.G. Wells’ early life as the son of a semi-insolvent shopkeeper and as a draper’s apprentice fueled his novels of the lower middle class: The Wheels of Chance (1896), Kipps (1905), and The History of Mr. Polly (1910). These wo...
Little Wars (A Game for Boys from twelve years of age to one hundred and fifty and for that more intelligent sort of girl who likes boys' games and books) With an Appendix on Kriegspiel
Subjects: Non-fiction, Essay/Short nonfiction, War stories
Collections: Military Science, Literature, Recreation, Naval Science, Astronomy, History, Little Wars (A Game for Boys from twelve years of age to one hundred and fifty and for that more intelligent sort of girl who likes boys' games and books) With an Appendix on Kriegspiel, Audio Books Collection
...Miniature wargaming got its start with the publication in 1913 of this thoroughly entertaining little account of how H.G. Wells, with certain of his friends, took their childhood toys and turned play into acceptable middle-aged sport by subjecting the exercise to the civilizing influence of actual rules. While wargaming progressed far past th...
Food of the Gods and How it Came to Earth, The
Collections: Agriculture, Literature, Language, Recreation, Biology, Chemistry, Food of the Gods and How it Came to Earth, The, Audio Books Collection, Science Fiction Collection
War of the Worlds, The (version 2)
Collections: Military Science, Literature, Naval Science, History, War of the Worlds, The (version 2), Audio Books Collection, Science Fiction Collection
...War of the Worlds by Herbert George Wells (H.G. Wells) was published in 1898 at a time when he wrote a series of novels related to a number of historical events of the time. The most important of these was the unification and militarization of Germany. The stor...
Subjects: Non-fiction, Children, Instruction
Collections: Military Science, Literature, Recreation, Sociology, Naval Science, Floor Games, Audio Books Collection
...H.G. Wells had so much fun playing with his children on the floor of their playroom, he decided to write a jovial little book to inspire other parents in their pursuit of quality time with the kids. While the raw materials avai...
War of the Worlds, The
Collections: Military Science, Technology, Literature, Language, Sociology, Naval Science, Music, History, Chemistry, War of the Worlds, The, Audio Books Collection, Science Fiction Collection
...H. G. Wells wrote The War of the Worlds in 1898, when there was much speculation about life on the planet Mars. The book is considered to be one of the first science fiction novels. In the story, an English gentleman narrates th...
Modern Utopia, A
Subjects: Fiction, Politics, Economics/Political Economy
Collections: Political Sociology, Economics, Literature, Law, Sociology, Social Sciences, Political Science, Finance, Cultural Studies, Commerce, Economy, Law and Economics, Philosophy, Modern Utopia, A, Audio Books Collection
...H. G. Wells's proposal for social reform was the formation of a world state, a concept that would increasingly preoccupy him throughout the remainder of his life. One of his most ambitious early attempts at portraying a world st...
Secret Places of the Heart, The
Collections: Military Science, Literature, Law, Sociology, Naval Science, History, Gynecology and Obstetrics, Secret Places of the Heart, The, Audio Books Collection, Science Fiction Collection
...f the British gentry, tries to resolve problems in his marriage as he travels with a psychiatrist. The book is to a great extent autobiographical. H. G. had read some brillliantly composed articles by a writer who wrote under the name Rebecca West. In one piece she called H. G. pseudo-scientific. He contacted her and asked what she meant. When they met for lunch, it was th...
Subjects: Non-fiction, Advice, Economics/Political Economy
Collections: Marketing, Political Sociology, Economics, Literature, Law, Sociology, Management, Social Sciences, Education, Political Science, Finance, Cultural Studies, Commerce, History, Economy, Law and Economics, Philosophy, Psychology, Anticipations, Audio Books Collection
...Wells considered this book one of his most important, a natural follow-up to such works as his Man of the Year Million and The Time Machine. His goal was to get people to think and act in new ways. The book starts with a look...
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Travel In Review: The Best Places We Visited In 2019
by Jeanne December 31, 2019
by Jeanne December 31, 2019 0 comment
I’m completely exhausted from the holidays (in the best way possible!), but still wanted to put together a quick 2019 travel in review post. When a year comes to an end, I can get really sentimental — even more so at the end of a decade! It’s been an interesting journey, so it’s with a smile that I look back on the best places we visited this year.
Our travels for 2019 began with a four-day trip to Vancouver, British Columbia. It was hard to keep the tears from falling when we touched down in Canada. It’s always so beautiful to be home. Josh really loves it there, so it’s a mystery as to why we haven’t relocated, but that’s a discussion for another day.
We had such a spectacular stay at the Fairmont Pacific Rim. We even borrowed e-bikes to zip around Stanley Park, Gastown, and Chinatown. The food we ate while there was amazing, and we left with zero regrets!
The highlight of the trip, of course, was taking a helicopter up into the Tantalus Range and climbing an actual mountain, in the snow! We’d never experienced anything like that before and it was amazing. A truly once-in-a-lifetime moment for us!
For decades, Osaka has felt like my home away from home. In some ways, it even feels like where I truly belong. My younger daughter, Hayley, has been obsessed with Japan for a long time, so it was amazing to take her there for her 16th birthday.
We ate our way through Osaka, also known as the “Kitchen of Japan.” From convenience stores to McDonald’s to steamed buns at Universal Studios, we had a blast. Riding the ferris wheel in Dotonbori eluded us this time, but we’ll (hopefully) get another chance in 2020.
Once the capital of Japan, Kyoto is an easy day trip from Osaka. If you pick the right trains, you could get there in half an hour. We made the Fushimi-Inari shrine our first stop and I’m so glad we did. Arriving there early, we often found ourselves walking through the groves alone for long, peaceful stretches.
Somehow, we accidentally crashed a wedding, got lost, and sought refuge inside a glorious Coco Ichibanya where we greedily ate curry till the rain subsided. Our favorite moment, though, was stepping inside the Sanjusangendo Hall. Built in 1164, the Buddhist temple was so magnificent that it left us in awe. Can’t wait to go back!
Neither of us was sure of what to expect from Hiroshima. We’d been itching to ride the Hello Kitty Shinkansen bullet train, which goes to the popular tourist spot. After nearly three hours, we arrived and were immediately stunned by the beautiful, bustling city. This was where the first atomic bomb had been dropped?!
You’ll find remnants and memorials that serve as reminders of the past, but it’s very clear that the people of Hiroshima are focused on the future. A better, more peaceful future for all of us. I’ve rarely been so moved, and we really had to fight to maintain our composure a few times. That being said, Hayley and I agreed that we could see ourselves living there someday.
Here, at The Anxious Travelers, we are theme park fanatics and we do have our favorites. Going to Osaka, we knew we had to visit Universal Studios Japan. Boy did our first theme park outside of North America surpass our expectations! WOW! We love all of the Universal Studios locations, but this one is outstanding.
Ride operations were smooth, the food was fantastic, and the proximity to the hotels was ridiculous. We walked from our room at the Universal Port Hotel through the park’s front gate in six minutes!!!
A word of caution — if you’re plus size and looking forward to getting on the Hollywood Dream roller coaster, prepare for the fact that you might not get on. I wear a women’s size L and barely made the seat requirement!
We rode the Shinkansen from Osaka to Tokyo (watching the finale of Game of Thrones along the way!). We were immediately stunned by how much bigger everything was. After all these years, I’d never made it to Tokyo, so it was fun to experience it with my baby girl on her actual birthday. Unfortunately, we got separated for the scariest 47 minutes of my life — but let’s not talk about that today…
We made it across The Scramble, the world’s busiest intersection in Shibuya. Then, we had incredible Indian food with naan bread as big as our heads. We checked out Harajuku and the famous Takeshita street before resting our heads at The Knot in Shinjuku. Honestly, we could have slept for days!
Fuji-Q Highland
There was no time to slumber in Tokyo, though, because we had to get up early to visit Fuji-Q Highland! Located at the base of Mt. Fuji, the amusement park is the home of Do-dodonpa, the fast-accelerating launch coaster, and Takabisha, featuring the steepest drop in the world (121 degrees).
Having conquered Cannibal at Lagoon, the tallest, steepest roller coaster, we worked hard to mentally prepare for Fuji-Q Highland. Considering how terrified we were of staying in hotels or getting on rides just 18 months ago, it was a huge accomplishment. Overcoming our fears and working through our OCD symptoms made this moment a major milestone for both of us. Here’s to slaying dragons!
The Mohicans Treehouses and Cabins
For a complete change of pace, Josh and I traveled to Ohio where we stayed in a treehouse! The Mohicans is located in Loudonville, about 90 minutes northeast of Columbus. Neither of us had ever stayed anywhere like it, and it was an amazing experience.
Our treehouse was two stories and even had a two-person swing hanging beneath it. There was no cell service or WiFi, so we really enjoyed unplugging and spending time together. By the time we drove away, we felt rested and ready for more adventure!
For more than 30 years, I’d been trying to get to Cedar Point. For a few years, my grandmother lived in Detroit and I’d spend my whole summer there. We’d see the ads for Cedar Point and made plans with friends to get there, but something always stopped us.
Having lost my grandmother last year, I’ve been trying to live my life more fully. When I finally walked through the turnstile at Cedar Point, it felt incredible! Then I remembered I had to get on some scary rides like Top Thrill Dragster (haha!). We stayed at the nearby Cedar Point Express, which was so close and convenient. The day was absolutely perfect and we conquered more fears!
We only stayed the night in Niagara Falls, but were both very surprised by what we found. It’s almost like a much smaller Las Vegas! Staying on the Canadian side meant we could enjoy all the Tim Hortons, but were surprised by the American chain restaurants that you won’t find in Montreal or Vancouver.
We’ve agreed that we’ll have to make our way back there sometime, especially to ride the ferris wheel (what is it with me and ferris wheels this year?). Of course, the falls themselves are breathtaking!
It had been years since I’d been to Toronto. Growing up in Canada, it was always my least favorite city. Now, after eight years in the States, I went back as an adult and loved it! We stayed at The Ritz-Carlton Toronto which was right in the heart of downtown.
As luck would have it, we happened to be there on the night that the Toronto Raptors became the first Canadian team to win an NBA Championship. We ran down from our hotel room and joined the crowds of celebrating fans. What an experience!
Canada’s Wonderland
Once we heard that Canada’s Wonderland was opening the world’s largest, fastest, tallest dive coaster (these feature a 90-degree drop), we knew we had to see it for ourselves. From the ground, it was easy to see that the Yukon Striker was an absolute beast.
There are only four dive coasters in North America and we’d already ridden Griffon at Busch Gardens Williamsburg and Valravn at Cedar Point. We both had to agree that the mighty Yukon Striker was the best of them all. What a ride!
As HUGE fans of Universal Orlando Resort, it was very exciting to take Caleb on his first adventure to the parks. It was definitely on of our favorite 2019 travel highlights! We stayed at the new Surfside Inn & Suites, a fantastic property for families. Of course, we spent our first night eating everything at Universal CityWalk!
Caleb really enjoyed the rides, he loved the Wizarding World of Harry Potter, and he rocked Volcano Bay. All in all, it was everything you’d hope a family vacation could be. We got pretty lucky!
While we were at Universal Orlando Resort, we did an R.I.P. Tour at Halloween Horror Nights. Yes, we had Caleb with us and we would never have tried that with any other kid. Of our six children, only he (and Hayley) would be fascinated by haunted houses and zombies.
Initially, we got a few stares with him in a stroller, but after some scareactors tried to spook him, it was clear that he is no ordinary four year old. He’d laugh in their faces or try to scare them back. Mostly, he wanted treats and a Jurassic Park jeep from the gift shop, so it worked out well. We all had an amazing time!
We were in Orlando, so of course we had to take Caleb to Disney World for the first time. We even brought some of Granny’s ashes with us so she could be with him on Pirates of the Caribbean just like she was with me when I was little.
Overall, he enjoyed Disney, but he kept wanting to go back to Universal. We think the combination of the heat (we struggled to find shaded areas) and the long lines (we had Express Passes at Universal – Disney doesn’t offer them) frustrated him. The ride on Test Track at Epcot made it worth it, though!
As a household of Star Wars fans, we felt pretty lucky to get to Star Wars: Galaxy’s Edge for the Grand Opening. We were completely amazed by how much effort Disney put into creating a realistic and captivating world for fans.
The Smuggler’s Run attraction inside the Millennium Falcon was incredible. We all had a really good time. The food, though, is what blew our minds. I could eat a Ronto Wrap every single day for the rest of my life!
I’d never planned on visiting Jackson Hole. Despite hearing great things, it just wasn’t on my radar. When the opportunity presented itself, I agreed reluctantly. My grandmother had lived in Wyoming, so it was a chance for me to scatter some of her ashes, if nothing else.
I’ve seen some beautiful places in my life, but the Grand Tetons took my breath away. The natural landscapes, the laid back atmosphere, the surprisingly diverse restaurants… let’s just say we’re planning to go back as a family in 2020!
Silvies Valley Ranch
In eastern Oregon, you’ll find the sprawling Silvies Valley Ranch. We’ll have to write a post about our experiences soon, but what we can say is that it’s absolutely gorgeous. We stayed in a lovely cabin on the waterfront, complete with a private outdoor jacuzzi tub! The accommodations are luxurious, the on-site spa is fabulous, and there’s no shortage of things to do.
We even played a round of golf with a goat caddy! We’ll be honest and say that we didn’t love the food, and several other groups we met felt the same way. The service, however, is incredible and the drinks are fantastic. If you stay in a cabin (which includes a full kitchen), just bring some groceries and snacks in case you need them.
The annual SATW convention was held in El Paso this year. Aside from some short layovers, I’d never been to Texas. It was exciting, but I also didn’t know what to expect! Registration for the event opened up soon after the tragic mass shooting at an El Paso Walmart, which made many in the travel industry even more eager to visit.
One of the safest cities in the United States, it’s horrible that an outsider drove hours to target the border town. It created a reputation that the locals did not deserve. It was amazing to spend time with these resilient people, and it reminded me very much of Hiroshima in that way. Fear and violence can happen at any moment, but we get to choose whether it defines us.
Along with the beautiful surroundings, the food in El Paso was out of this world. I had four Frito Pies from Anson 11 in five days. On my last day, I stopped at a place called Delight and was moaning so loudly over the hummus, potato soup, and fries that the server had to make sure I was okay. I’ll definitely be going back!
Chihuahua, Mexico
There are a lot of unfortunate things going on down in Mexico right now. Some of the SATW members chose to skip the excursion into Chihuahua, citing the recent homicides and gang crimes. After mulling it over, I decided to go and see for myself. We had police escorts, and for the most part, I felt pretty safe.
We went to the Samalayuca Sand Dunes, but due to delays at the border, we didn’t arrive until just before sunset. I’m sure it would have been incredible to see it during the day, too. Our excursion included a banquet-style dinner in a tent in the Mexican desert, and despite my germaphobia, it was a great time!
Our last trip of the year was to New York City. It was very short, but we managed to pack in some major sightseeing (or sightdoing, as one of my friends says!). We stayed at the Hyatt House in Chelsea (review coming soon!), which was close to the Empire State Building. Neither of us had any idea how scared of heights we were until we were out on the observation deck. Nope!
We ate so much good food, ran around Times Square, checked out the new Vessel, and paid our respects at the 9-11 Memorial. We really need to get a post up about our trip to NYC, but the holiday season ended up being really crazy. We’ll get there.
Looking back on our 2019 travel experiences, this was a busy but amazing year for us. We’re really looking forward to what’s to come in 2020. Happy New Year!
Jeanne Croteau B.A., M.Sc. is a social sciences professor who lives with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and general travel anxiety. She created this blog with her partner to help inspire others to see the world and live their best lives. She's been a long-time contributor on sites such as WeAreTeachers.com, Forbes, SocialMoms.com, and more.
Day Trip to Hiroshima: One-Day Itinerary from Osaka
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Best Gifts for K-Pop and K-Drama Fans in 2021 on What to Pack for a BTS Concert During COVID
A Guide to Universal Studios Japan Rides, Tickets and More! - The Anxious Travelers on Wizarding World of Harry Potter Universal Studios Hollywood Rides
Appetizers for a Crowd: Game Day, Holiday, Japanese and Korean Snacks on 9 Easy Chuseok Recipes for Beginners
What to Pack for an All Inclusive Resort in Mexico on Ultimate Guide to Avoid Getting Sick While Traveling
Halloween Activities for Adults and Couples on 11 Scariest Japanese Horror Movies Online in 2021
Keto for Anxiety
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The Vault Toronto Rave Forum > Calendar > February 2023
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Category Archive: Featured, March 2017
Mar 09, 2017 Larry Lepore - Editor Featured, March 2017 0
LIFE, liberty and the pursuit of happiness By Fred Comella Mark 10:13-16 – “Let the little children come to me, and do not hinder them, for the kingdom of heaven belongs to such as...
Go Conference 2017
By Kimberley Edgar WORCESTER, Mass. – It wasn’t the first time her well-meaning dad, an avid sports enthusiast, had been on the lookout for the next big story for his...
THE LEFT-RIGHT PARADIGM IS BACK
By Chuck Baldwin Before the campaign and election of Donald Trump, the left-right paradigm was on life support. People were as sick of Republicans such as Jeb Bush as they were of Democrats...
DO IMMIGRATION RESTRICTIONS LINE UP WITH GOD’S LAW
By Reverend David Whitney We live in a day when God’s Law is Considered a Strange Thing—Hosea 8:12 “I have written for him the great things of My Law, But they are considered a strange...
The ‘Arch Of Baal’ Was Displayed For The Third Time In Honor Of ‘The World Government Summit’
By Michael Snyder Did you know that 4,000 world leaders from 130 different countries gathered in Dubai recently for the World Government Summit? It was held from February 12th to February 14th,...
Barrack Obama Scheming to Overthrow Trump
By Michael Snyder Throughout American history, most ex-presidents have chosen to move away from Washington D.C. once their terms have ended, and the vast majority of them have tried very hard not to...
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- Intro
- Read the
- See the
- The Map
- Exploring
- Treaty
The People,
Their Places
- Northwind
- Mair's
- The Treaty
- Implications
- Treaty 8
Treaty Making: A New Relationship
Treaty Making
Treaty 8
Signing Treaty 8
In the 1870s, after the Dominion of Canada had purchased territorial right s to the Northwest from the Hudson's Bay Company, the Canadian government made treaties with the First Nations people of their new territory. With an eye towards settling the Northwest, the government needed to not only secure the land it wanted to develop, but to ensure that there was no danger of repeating the Indian wars that the Americans experienced. Indeed, there was already unrest among the Métis at Red River, who were not consulted in the transfer of power from the tribe to the Dominion of Canada. The Red River Rebellion and later, the Northwest Rebellion, were perfect examples of the sort of uprising the government was trying to prevent.
The new government decided to extend its colonial approach to the First Nations people, a way of approaching the First Nations people with an alliance that would soothe them while the government got the land it so desired. For Canada to establish control over its western territories, and for the establishment of railways and the like to accommodate the growing influx of settlers from the American west, the First Nations people knew their buffalo-hunting way of life was coming to an end. Canadian expansion seemed to symbolize future dominance by the Euro-Canadian settlers, yet the First Nations people knew they needed federal assistance to help them shift to a new way of life.
To a people who had little experience with the European concept of land ownership, there is no way the First Nations people could understand exactly what they were getting and what they were giving up in the treaties. The language used in the treaties was official in nature and Euro-Canadian in origin, obviously a language that basically these people would find difficult to understand. Even if the terms of the treaties had been clearly translated (which they often were not), the First Nations people were not economically or culturally prepared to understand the politics behind the treaties. They believed the treaties guaranteed them freedom to continue their traditional lifestyle while protecting their future. The two parties negotiating the early treaties rarely completely understood each other. For example, in some areas, First Nations people were under the impression that the land rights they were giving up meant they would share resources with the Euro-Canadians and allow the land to be farmed. When non-natives began digging below the surface to the rich mineral beds below, it was seen by the First Nations people as an unfulfilled promise of the treaties. [continue]
Audio Feature:
To listen to the CKUA Heritage Trails, you need the Windows Media Player, available free from Microsoft, or a free mp3 player like Winamp or RealPlayer, available free from RealNetworks. Windows Media Player, RealPlayer and RealJukebox all can play mp3s also.
Alberta Treaties Overview, Part One
Summary: Find out what historians think treaties meant to the government and the First Nations who negotiated them. Begin your study of treaty making here!
mp3 or Windows Media or RealAudio | Read
Treaty 8 Part Seven: Treaty Commission of 1899 and 1900
Summary: Commissioners were sent out to meet with the natives who couldn't make it to the negotiations. What happened next?
Reprinted from Vision Quest: "Oti nekan," Treaty 8 Centennial Commemorative Magazine, with permission from Tanner Young Marketing Ltd.
©copyright Heritage Community Foundation 2002. All Rights Reserved.
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A Brief History of Emergency Medical Services
EMS in America can be traced back to the Civil War era. All military personnel had to be examined by medical officers to qualify for duty. Also, ambulances were assigned based on the size of the regiment. Each ambulance team was trained in patient care to better take care of the soldiers. In 1865 Cincinnati incorporated the first civilian ambulance. Then, in 1869, New York City advertised a 30 second response time and provided an Ambulance Surgeon and a quart of brandy for their patients!
During World War I, signal boxes were used by injured soldiers to assist medical teams in locating them in the field of battle. Medical teams also used electric, steam, and gasoline powered carriages for transporting the injured. It was also the first war to utilize traction splints and other medical equipment. After the war, civilian ambulances carrying surgeons were equipped with radio dispatchers to better serve the community.
The transition to what we know as the modern day EMS started during the 1950's as an off shoot of 5 different types of businesses; towing operators, medical equipment companies, funeral homes, hospitals, and police/ fire departments. After many years of being unregulated, funeral homes began patient care and provided nearly half of the country's ambulances.
In 1960 John F. Kennedy declared that "Traffic accidents constitute one of the greatest, perhaps the greatest, of the nation's public health problems". Then in 1966 Lyndon B. Johnson and President's Commission on Highway Safety/National Academy of Sciences declares the carnage "the neglected disease of modern society." Soon after, the National Highway Traffic Safety Act was adopted which standardized EMS training, promoted state involvement, encouraged community oversight, recommended radio communication, and stressed a single emergency number.
Other federal initiatives were put into action that further helped define the EMS program. In 1972 the Heath Services and Mental Heath Administration under the Dept of Health, Education, and Welfare became the lead agency for EMS. Also the Physician Responder Program was implemented, which later morphed into paramedic programs and lead to close physician supervision.
1973 brought about the EMS Systems Act. The DHEW established 300 EMS systems throughout the country. The Department of Transportation adapted training curricula for EMT, EMT P, and first responder. Public Law 93-154 established new rules for EMS radio communications. General Services Administration also introduced ambulance specifications. The next step came in 1981 with the Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act which consolidated funding into state preventive health block grants, eliminated funding under EMSS Act, reduced compliance with federal guidelines, and lastly, abolished the federal lead agency.
In 1996 the EMS Agenda for the Future was drafted, which further connected the EMS with the other medical professions. That same year the EMS Education Agenda for the Future was drafted, which provided recommendations for Core content, Scope of practice and Certification of EMS professionals.
EMS Today
It has been nearly four decades since President Lyndon Johnson's Committee on Highway Traffic Safety recommended the creation of a national certification agency to establish uniform standards for training and examination of personnel active in the delivery of emergency ambulance service. The result of this recommendation was the inception of the National Registry of Emergency Medical Technicians (NREMT) in 1970.
Since that time, pre-hospital emergency medical care has continually evolved and improved. The EMT has been acknowledged as a bonafide member of the health care team. Excellent training programs have been developed and a vital focus has been placed on continuing education. National standards have been established. Ambulance equipment essentials have been set. National accreditation of paramedic programs has been achieved, and professional associations for the EMT have been organized.
The NREMT, among others, has helped to establish, implement and maintain uniform requirements for the certification and recertification of emergency medical technicians. The NREMT has also been involved in numerous national projects and its staff participates on major national committees, playing an active part in the ever-continuing process of improving standards of emergency medical services.
EMS/Health Careers
An EMT-Intermediate is the level of training between Basic (EMT-B) and Paramedic. There are actually two intermediate levels, the EMT-I/85 and the EMT-I/99 curriculum, with the 1999 level being the higher of the two. The standard curriculum for EMT-I from 1998 is defined by the U.S. Department of Transportation, but each state may not have implemented or approved this program. (Note: This level of EMT is not currently recognized in WV .)
EMT-I/85
EMT-I/85 is a level of training that will typically allow several more invasive procedures than are allowed at the basic level, including IV therapy, the use of multi-lumen airway devices (even endotracheal intubation in some states), and provides for enhanced assessment skills. The EMT-I/85 is typically allowed only the same medications an EMT-B is allowed to use (these being oxygen administration, oral glucose, activated charcoal, epinephrine auto-injectors (Epi-Pens), nitroglycerine, and Metered-Dose Inhalers (MDIs). Protocols for medications vary by state. For example, in New Hampshire, an EMT-I is allowed to administer Narcan, Atropine, Thiamine, and nebulized Albuterol in addition to the above listed medications. (Note: This level of EMT is not currently recognized in WV.)
The EMT-I/99 level is the closest level of certification to Paramedic, and allows many techniques not available to the EMT-I/85. Some of these techniques include needle-decompression of tension pneumothorax, endotracheal intubation, nasogastric tubes, use of cardiac event monitors/ECGs, and medication administration to control certain cardiac arrhythmias. (Note: This level of EMT is not currently recognized in WV)
Paramedics are employed by various public and private emergency service providers. These include private ambulance services, fire departments, the 9-1-1 system, hospitals, law enforcement agencies, the military, various EMS-specific, public safety agencies. Paramedics may respond to medical incidents in an ambulance, rescue vehicle, helicopter, fixed-wing aircraft, motorcycle, or fire suppression apparatus.
Paramedics may also be employed in medical fields that do not involve transportation of patients. Such positions include offshore drilling platforms, phlebotomy, blood banks, research labs, educational fields, law enforcement and hospitals.
Critical care transporters move patients by ground ambulance or aircraft to a medical treatment facility. A nurse credentialed in critical care medicine may accompany the patient. Other critical care units use paramedics who have received critical care medical training, or continuing education courses in the Critical Care Emergency Medical Transport Program (CCEMTP).
Tactical paramedics work on law enforcement teams. These medics, usually from the EMS agency in the area, are commissioned and trained to be tactical operators in law enforcement, in addition to paramedic duties. Advanced medical personnel perform dual roles as operator and medic on the teams. Such an officer is immediately available to deliver advanced emergency care to other injured officers, suspects, victims and bystanders.
In-Hospital paramedics are increasingly employed in the emergency departments and intensive care units due to the nursing shortage. Often, paramedics operate with greater latitude and autonomy than many nurses.
Paramedic salaries can range from zero for unpaid volunteer positions, to as much as $90,000 a year depending on location, experience, and supervisory responsibilities. (In WV, paramedics are trained by hospitals, usually in conjunction with higher education.)
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Biography – WELCH, THOMAS – Volume V (1801-1820) – Dictionary of Canadian Biography
First Paragraph
DCB/DBC News
New Biographies
Minor Corrections
Biography of the Day
d. 1 Feb. 1857 in Côte-Saint-Paul (Montreal)
Confederation
Responsible Government
Sir John A. Macdonald
From the Red River Settlement to Manitoba (1812–70)
The Fenians
Women in the DCB/DBC
Winning the Right to Vote
The Charlottetown and Quebec Conferences of 1864
Introductory Essays of the DCB/DBC
The Acadians
Exploring the Explorers
Canada’s Wartime Prime Ministers
WELCH (Walsh, Welsh), THOMAS, surveyor, office holder, militia officer, and judge; b. 5 Nov. 1742 in Maryland, son of Francis Welch and Elizabeth Pierce; m. first in 1769 a Miss Johnson; m. secondly 11 May 1788 Mary (Polly) Mitchell in Harford County, Md, and they had two children; d. 2 July 1816 in Charlotteville Township, Upper Canada.
Francis Welch emigrated from Dungannon (Northern Ireland) about 1740 and settled in Philadelphia, Pa, where he engaged in maritime activities. Later, after his father had been captured and imprisoned by the French, young Thomas Welch was taken to live with one of his mother’s wealthy Quaker uncles near Philadelphia. Welch was sent to school and received a sound education. He served with the British provincial forces during the Seven Years’ War. At the conclusion of the war, he completed mathematical studies and was later appointed surveyor and under-sheriff in Berks County, Pa. In 1769 he removed to Frederick County, Md, where he was employed as a deputy surveyor, conveyancer, and coroner.
In February 1775 Welch refused reappointment as deputy surveyor and coroner and later declined a commission in the revolutionary forces. Fearing for his safety on the outbreak of hostilities, he conveyed his farm to a friend and made his way to the British lines. In October 1778 he was commissioned quartermaster of the Maryland Loyalists. The unit was stationed at Pensacola (Fla) for three years, during which time he also served as assistant engineer. The Spanish captured Pensacola in May 1781; the British prisoners were exchanged in July and then sent to New York City, where Welch learned of his wife’s death.
At New York Welch was appointed captain of a company of loyalist refugees which he accompanied to what is now New Brunswick. He was soon named a deputy surveyor and may also have been engaged as a conveyancer. He received a grant of 550 acres of land, only 25 of which he considered cultivable. After residing in New Brunswick and Quebec for nearly five years, he decided to return to Maryland to look after his affairs there. En route he was shipwrecked and lost all his possessions, including the deed to 1,000 acres in Florida which he had purchased while stationed there. With the aid of friends he eventually made his way back to Frederick County where he resumed his former professions; soon after, he moved to Havre de Grace, remarried, and became manager of the Legh Furnace, an ironworks owned by an old business associate, Legh Master. Unable to recover his pre-revolution properties or debts, Welch appealed to the British consulate at Philadelphia for aid, but to no avail. He was, however, advised that generous grants of land were being made to loyalists who settled in Upper Canada.
In mid September 1793 Welch left Maryland with his family and several members of his wife’s family, arriving at Queenston, Upper Canada, in November. He was appointed a deputy surveyor in Lincoln County and became a captain in the local militia. In June 1794 he was granted 2,500 acres in Lincoln; he moved to the vicinity of the Sugar Loaf in Humberstone Township and subsequently to Thorold Township. Welch surveyed several townships in Lincoln and Norfolk counties. As early as January 1794 he had expressed a desire to settle at Long Point in Norfolk. When on 3 Dec. 1796 he was designated Norfolk’s first land registrar, he took the opportunity to move there. He had already achieved a measure of local prominence when Robert Hamilton recommended him as justice of the peace in June 1796; he was commissioned the following month.
Welch brought his family to Charlotteville Township in January 1797 and settled on a farm which in time became moderately prosperous. In 1808 he owned two houses (both made of round logs) and 500 acres, of which 88 had been cultivated; three years later he still had two homes but now one was two storeys and made of square timber. His total acreage had increased to 560 acres but the amount of land under cultivation was down to 26 acres. Besides farming, he operated a mill for a time and, in addition to his official duties, he became a captain in the 1st Norfolk Militia. Provision had been made in 1798 for the establishment of the London District; Welch requested that he be appointed its deputy surveyor. He was readily recognized by government officials as a man of proven ability, with all the proper credentials for higher office. He had informed Thomas Ridout* of the Surveyor General’s Office of his wish for a position in the new local government. The information was passed to Chief Justice John Elmsley who offered Welch either the shrievalty or the clerkship of the peace. As a result of a misunderstanding, he requested the latter. On 1 Jan. 1800 he was appointed clerk of the peace, clerk of the district court, and registrar of the surrogate court. Other responsibilities soon followed which he executed to the satisfaction of his superiors and colleagues. In February, for instance, he was appointed one of the district commissioners of the Court of King’s Bench, and he was named deputy secretary of the district on 7 May 1802. Nevertheless Welch was having financial difficulties and, in the spring of 1803, asked to be relieved of his offices to enable him to return to Lincoln County and manage his affairs there. By the autumn, however, he decided to retain his posts because his eldest son, Francis Legh (Leigh) Walsh, was too young to be appointed in his stead. In June 1806 he resigned the offices of clerk of the peace and clerk of the district court because his “Age . . . as well as infirmities commonly attending that age” and the increase in public business made it impossible for him to perform his duties “in the manner I could wish.”
Welch was, with Samuel Ryerse, one of the most prominent members of a local élite that was based on office holding. In the election of 1800 this élite acquired a powerful patron in Surveyor General David William Smith*, who became the local assemblyman. Welch had been appointed returning officer for the riding and, at the urging of Smith’s supporters such as Robert Hamilton, John Warren, and James Crooks*, he handled the local campaign. Smith’s unsuccessful opponent, Richard Cockrell*, later contested the election on the grounds that Welch had acted improperly.
Welch’s plurality of offices made him a perfect symbol of the élite. Moreover, the performance of his duties, particularly those of a legal nature, often brought him into direct contact with disgruntled individuals such as Ebenezer Allan or political opponents such as Benajah Mallory*. The election of 1804 was contested by Ryerse and Mallory after Smith decided not to stand again. Political rivalry was acute; it was intensified by Mallory’s victory which led to a direct challenge of the office holders themselves. In 1805 Welch characterized the group calling for the removal of Ryerse and his brother, Sheriff Joseph Ryerson, as a Methodist faction combined with “the most Seditious and abandoned Characters.” Welch was deeply suspicious of what he considered its self-interested motives, its Methodism, and its non-loyalist American background.
In spite of the agitated nature of public affairs within the district, he continued to accept the offices which were thrust upon him. In 1807 he was appointed a trustee of the district school, in October of the same year he was empowered to carry out the provisions of the Sedition Act, and in January 1808 he became deputy lieutenant of the county. He also served for a time as one of the district’s road commissioners. On 2 April 1810 he was commissioned judge of the district and surrogate courts and recommissioned justice of the peace. Two days later he was succeeded as land registrar by his son Francis Legh, who the following month succeeded him as surrogate court registrar as well. On 14 April Francis appointed his father deputy land registrar and in February 1813 he also appointed him deputy registrar of the surrogate court.
Beginning in 1810 Welch began to withdraw from some of the offices he had amassed. That April he relinquished his militia commission because of his “advanced Age.” In November he handed over his judgeships because of his “extreme indisposition.” He was also, like Ryerse, concerned about the imminent loss of his half pay if he did not rid himself of his offices. In February 1812 he was named a commissioner under the Sedition Act but resigned immediately, pleading that his illness over the past year and a half had left him physically and mentally incapable of performing the duties.
Thomas Welch was a member of the Church of England and a freemason. He died in 1816 and was survived by his widow and their two sons. Both the hamlet and railway point of Walsh were named after the family he had founded in Norfolk County during the early years of its settlement.
Daniel J. Brock
AO, ms 75, Thomas Welch to Peter Russell, 31 Jan. 1805; RG 1, A-I-1, 42: 5, 52, 71–74, 114, 123, 126. Donly Museum, Norfolk Hist. Soc. coll., Family Bible transcripts, vol.B; Supplementary papers, II: 3–4; F. L. Walsh papers, 2084–87, 2965; Thomas Welch papers, 87, 89, 96–99, 864–65, 886–89, 893–94, 901–6, 963–64, 1030–33, 1053–55, 1072–73, 1139–42, 1208–9, 1235, 1310–11, 1342–43,1356,1358,1398,1409–26,1462–63,1666–69, 1684–85, 1722–27, 1755, 1757. MTL, Thomas Walsh papers. PAC, RG 1, 13, 522: Wl/21; 523A: W4/69; RG 5, A1: 926–27, 1872–73, 2111, 2514–27, 4761, 4918, 5243, 5936, 5970–71, 6056; RG 9, 1, B1, 1: 227, 401. Private arch., F. H. Armstrong (London, Ont.), Magisterial files. UWO, London District, U.C., Surrogate Court, estate files, X361; Thomas Walsh papers, corn, William Caldwell Jr to Thomas Welch, 6 Nov. 1789; Thomas Dickson to Welch, 19 July 1800; John Elmsley to Welch, 12 Nov. 1799; Andrew Havner to Welch, 23 July 1790; William Jarvis to Welch, 12 Feb. 1800; Patrick Kennedy to Welch, 7 June 1783; William and Thomas Pagan to Welch, 15 May 1787; Thomas Ridout to Welch, 20 Sept., 14, 20, 30 Nov. 1799; David Secord Jr to Welch, 17 May 1799; Jon Sellman to Welch, 16 June 1790; D. W. Smith to Welch, 11 Nov. 1800; letter of leave to Welch, 4 July 1783; unsigned letter to Welch, 14 Aug. 1784; magisterial and military notations, 4 Aug. 1796–24 Jan. 1799. Charlotteville Township assessments for the years 1808–1811, ed. W. [R.] Yeager (Simcoe, Ont., 1976), 11–12, 21–22. Corr. of hon. Peter Russell (Cruikshank and Hunter), 1: 187; 2: 296. Corr. of Lieut. Governor Simcoe (Cruikshank), 4: 299. “Petitions for grants of land” (Cruikshank), OH, 26: 366–67. Pioneers of Charlotteville Township, Norfolk County, 1798–1816, ed. W. [R.] Yeager (Simcoe, 1977), 6–7. “U.C. land book B,” AO Report, 1930: 67. Armstrong, Handbook of Upper Canadian chronology, 172–73. Illustrated historical atlas of the counties of Haldimand and Norfolk (n. p., [ 1972]), 61. Wills of the London District, 1800–1839 . . . , ed. W. R. Yeager (Simcoe, 1979), 12. J. A. Bannister, Early educational history of Norfolk County (Toronto, 1926), 52–54. Brian Dawe, “Old Oxford is wide awake!”: pioneer settlers and politicians in Oxford County, 1793–1853 (n.p., 1980). E. A. Owen, Pioneer sketches of Long Point settlement . . . (Toronto, 1898; repr. Belleville, Ont., 1972), 37–41, 311–12, 316–17. G. H. Patterson, “Studies in elections and public opinion in Upper Canada” (phd thesis, Univ. of Toronto, 1969), 6–20. E. A. Cruikshank, “The early history of the London District,” OH, 24 (1927): 166, 170, 226. “Thomas Welch,” Assoc. of Ont. Land Surveyors, Annual report (Toronto), 1919: 77–78.
© 1983–2023 University of Toronto/Université Laval
Occupations and Other Identifiers
Legal Professions – Judges
Legal Professions – Magistrates and justices of the peace
Armed Forces – British – Militia: officers
Region of Birth
North America – United States of America
Region of Activities
North America – Canada – New Brunswick
North America – Canada – Ontario – Niagara
North America – Canada – Ontario – Southwest
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Daniel J. Brock, “WELCH, THOMAS,” in Dictionary of Canadian Biography, vol. 5, University of Toronto/Université Laval, 2003–, accessed February 1, 2023, http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/welch_thomas_5E.html.
The citation above shows the format for footnotes and endnotes according to the Chicago manual of style (16th edition). Information to be used in other citation formats:
Permalink: http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/welch_thomas_5E.html
Author of Article: Daniel J. Brock
Title of Article: WELCH, THOMAS
Publication Name: Dictionary of Canadian Biography, vol. 5
Publisher: University of Toronto/Université Laval
Year of revision: 1983
Access Date: February 1, 2023
© 2003-2023 University of Toronto/Université Laval
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Review: Wartime Women - A Mass Observation Anthology
I first learned about the book Wartime Women and the Mass Observation Project on Hannah Stoneham's blog. I was immediately fascinated. The Mass Observation Project is just such a good idea. According to the website, it "was founded in 1937 by three young men, who aimed to create an 'anthropology of ourselves'. They recruited a team of observers and a panel of volunteer writers to study the everyday lives of ordinary people in Britain." Thus, many Britons throughout World War II would answer open-ended questionnaires or keep diaries and send them in to the organization, detailing everyday thoughts and feelings and reactions to issues great and small.
This particular book focuses on women's responses to specific issues before and during the war, with specific emphasis on employment, family life and morale.
My interest was completely engaged. I was already sold on the premise- I love the idea of people in an extended crisis taking the time to answer targeted questions or write in a diary about their activities and emotions. I thought maybe that the respondents would hold back or not be completely honest- but when you are writing to a faceless organization, I guess it's easy to hold nothing back, and the depth and breadth of information provided was amazing. Please indulge me as I think this review will be full of quotes.
I enjoyed learning more about life in Britain (mostly England) during the war, but what truly captivated me about this book were the personalities that jumped off the page. I didn't love every woman I "met," but for those that I was with for more than a page or two, I felt instantly that I knew their personalities and might even recognize their speaking style if I were to meet them on the street. It was so eye-opening to see so many different types of women responding to the call for information and doing so with such a refreshing (and sometimes appalling) lack of political correctness. For example, one woman heard that a young unmarried co-worker was pregnant. Her reaction? "I can't understand it at all. She's such a slovenly messy looking girl. If it had been one that used lipstick and dyed her hair it would be different, but this girl, she's most unattractive."
And she is not the only one to speak as such. Many of the respondents are so casual in their prejudices that I am shocked at how far the world has come in just a few generations. There were comments about the Irish, about the Germans, about the Americans and about the Jews. Even more than the racism, though, was an inherent and all-permeating sense of classism. "I think it should be made easier for a woman to have a job and a family at the same time. Otherwise the offspring of some of the best women, who when faced with the choice, choose their careers, are lost to the country and we are not in a position to be able to dispense with the breeding of the better types." Another observer said,
This feeling of uncertainty, the tendency of working women to leave all the difficult things such as politics, ARP, opinions about world affairs, to their husbands, has come up many times in our surveys...Middle-class women are better educated, better informed, more able to visualise the future and make decisions independently.
I am being unfair by pointing out these disturbing quotes first. There were many women who delighted me with their dry wit and ability to see the humor in a bad or terrifying situation. "The special treat was five minutes in the gas chamber, followed by tea and biscuits." My favorite observer was Mrs. Trowbridge, whose entire section had me laughing with her fabulous descriptions of people. She had a simile that compared a working girl taking orders from an officer as "a kitchenmaid being interviewed by an ill-bred duchess." So many of the women had a keen sense of the ridiculousness of situations that I admired. And their fortitude came out so strongly and fiercely and wonderfully that when I did come across examples of women demeaning women, I was bowled over. How could a woman who managed to make lemonade from lemons say something like, "Wish I knew a clever man who would tell me his views. Clever women would be no use. Women's views limited to welfare of loved men- whether grown up or tiny."
In a way, that was the most interesting aspect of the book for me- seeing how conflicted women were about their roles, and the way those expectations changed from the beginning of the war to the end. But when I say "most interesting," it is a very relative term because all of this book was interesting to me. I loved, loved, loved having so many first-hand accounts of life in Britain during the period. I wish I could have read so many more. Because while I enjoyed learning more about these particular women's thoughts on those issues, I did not learn anything about other topics that would have interested me. For example, how did they feel about the Nazis? Did they know about concentration camps? What was their reaction to the atomic bomb? Had they lost anyone in the war? Really, the only downfall of this book is that it isn't much longer and I didn't get to know my friends in it on the much deeper level I craved.
And that must be how it felt for those organizing and archiving Mass Observation- some people corresponded for years and years and must have built up a real kinship with the organizers. Others come through fleetingly, and you are left wondering what happened to them. And so many will give minute details about one aspect of their lives, but be so brief on the others that you are left wondering, "Did she have any children? How did she manage to work and volunteer and manage her house?" In a way, that's frustrating, but in a way it is also so wonderful that even with such detailed accounts, we can be missing such basic information about someone as whether or not she had children.
I could go on and on, but I will contain myself. I truly enjoyed reading this book (and it marks the completion of the Women Unbound challenge for me!), and I look forward to learning more about Mass Observation and the effects of World War II on the home front. The next book on the topic I hope to get my hands on? Demobbed: Coming Home After World War II. It sounds just as fascinating. I will leave you with one last, long quote from this book that made me smile and be grateful that such a collection of first-person accounts exists. It's by a woman who was asked why she became a midwife if she doesn't think the world needs any more people:
I mean, I think babies that are born should have the best chance you can possibly give them, and that's our job. Like a little while ago, we had a little Prem[ature] born- it didn't weigh above two and a half pounds, and nobody thought it would live. But we worked at it. We did everything we knew...And you can't imagine the thrill when it first began to suck! I was on duty at the nursery that morning and I was putting the tube down its throat and all of a sudden it got hold of the tube between its little gums and started to suck like mad! I was so thrilled I could have just danced about the nursery...Well, it's that kind of thing that makes me love the work. You feel it's really worthwhile, if you can save a little life like that that doctors have given up.
Labels: 20th century, biography, england, history, non-fiction, war, women unbound
Maybe a book for me when I am in the mood for something more real, it does happen once in a while
Amy 7/20/2010
This sounds great, the real views would be so interesting and I love how it sounds like people were so honest about everything. Great review - loved all the quotes :)
Sudhana 7/20/2010
This sounds amazing. Well reviewed, I am certainly going to keep an eye out for books on this period of history.
Trapunto 7/20/2010
This sounds wonderful! I stumbled one other book of ordinary people's written responses (A British newspaper ad asking people to describe the "imaginary worlds" they invented for themselves as children), that made me so excited! It is something special when people are asked to tell the important stories they might otherwise bottle up, and they do it.
Blodeuedd- It's very interesting, even if it sounds like a serious subject.
Amy- Glad to know the quotes didn't get annoying!
Sudha- YES, do it. Then we can discuss them. Though I feel we should also do a read of an inter-war period book. So much to read...
Trapunto- The imaginary world book sounds great! What is it called? I am always so impressed by people's imaginations as children. And then saddened by the way they tend to disappear :-(
What a beautiful and insightful review! I loved reading about this book and think that this is also something that I would really enjoy. I think it's so interesting to get such a multitude of opinions and voices about life during this time, and the quotes you provided really caught my attention. I agree with you when you say that reading them is like hearing each woman talk in her own unique voice in your head, that's the impression that I got while reading them as well. This one bypasses the wish list and goes straight into the cart!
Helen 7/20/2010
This sounds fascinating. I recently read two Persephone books, Good Evening, Mrs Craven and Miss Ranskill Comes Home which have reawakened my interest in World War II Britain, so I think I'd probably enjoy this one.
Congratulations on completing the Women Unbound challenge, by the way!
I love the Mass Observation project--the book on Britain at wartime drew heavily from the contributions made to it. I wish there was such a thing now. Except I guess there is and it's called the Internet, and the "Mass" part of it has gotten out of control.
I'm really fascinated by the Mass Observation project - I read a book recently, Our Longest Days, which seems similar with the excerpts, although it included men. I think this book sounds awesome, too - I'll have to seek it out.
Meghan 7/20/2010
Oops - that last comment was me!
Gavin 7/20/2010
I have heard about the Mass Observation Project before but hadn't realized books were published containing the questionnaires and diaries. This book sounds fascinating.
Ana S. 7/21/2010
This sounds so interesting in so many ways - just as I hoped. Roll on September so I can get it from my new library!
The casual bigotry of this time period always gets to me too. But it IS interesting to notice how it was all kind of beginning to fall apart, especially the classicism (though clearly we still have some way to go in all of those areas). Or maybe that's just me being hopeful :P
Zibilee- I think you'd really like it! I loved all the personalities that came through.
Helen- I have seen many reviews of Good Evening, Mrs Craven lately, and it's on my wish list. I think WWII Britain is fascinating, too- though I prefer the inter-war period.
Jenny- Yes, you're right. I guess the organization of Mass Observation is just much easier to deal with :-)
Meghan- I'll have to look into Our Longest Days!
Gavin- It is!
Nymeth- Yes, I'm sure it's MUCH easier to find in England than it is in Portugal. And you're right- the bigotry was slowing beginning to disappear...but I think there was another generation to go before people started really thinking about things in the ways we might now.
sounds good there was great tv drama housewife 49 shown here from a mass ob work ,all the best stu
This book sounds SO amazing! I love the Mass Observation stuff and I will definitely be seeking this book out. Great review, Aarti! Oh and that bigoted attitude is still alive and well in my grandparents' generation...when I get offended or embarrassed I just have to remind myself that they are products of their time.
Awesome review.
I first heard of the Mass Observation project when I read Our Longest Days edited by Sandra Koa Wing. I wonder if some of the same quotes were used in this book?
I hope it's okay to link to your review on War Through the Generations.
Hopewell 11/24/2010
Sounds like a must read for me. I loved Nella Last's War [she was a mass op diarist]
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Latest Events, Information & Tickets. Independent Guide not sponsored by Live Nation!
Pantera & Lamb of God at Budweiser Stage
Pantera & Lamb of God Tickets
Budweiser Stage | previously Molson Canadian Amphitheatre
This 2023 marks the official return of legendary metal band Pantera as they hit the road and embark on a massive tour with the new wave of American heavy metal icons Lamb of God! The band made their announcement after a series of festival appearances in 2022! This year, Pantera will hit over 20 cities on this long-awaited return, making their trek the most anticipated run of 2023! The tour, which kicks off in spring and extends until summer, will make a stop in Toronto, Canada! On Saturday, 12th August 2023, Pantera and Lamb of God will take over the Budweiser Stage with their massive hits and fan favorites! This show will surely ensue some epic chaos and a monumental wall of deaths! So don’t miss it, and grab your tickets now!
Last year, Pantera made their long-awaited return with appearances in Knotfest in Brazil and Heaven & Hell in Mexico. The “Cowboys from Hell” was testing the waters with their line-up comprising Pantera’s surviving members, Philip Anselmo and Rex Brown, legendary guitarist Zakk Wylde and Anthrax drummer Charlie Benante. Apart from the band’s much-awaited headline tour with Lamb of God, they will also join thrash legends Metallica as a support act for 2023 and 2024. Moreover, Pantera will also headline a number of festivals this year.
Pantera is a prolific heavy metal band made famous by the original line-up Anselmo, Rex Brown, Dimebag Darrell, and Vinnie Paul. Through their active years, the band earned four Grammy nominations and sold over 20 million albums worldwide. The band has been regarded as one of history's most influential heavy metal acts. Their groove metal brand has significantly defined the second wave of American heavy metal, along with other sensational acts like Sepultura, Machinehead, and Testament.
Pantera released their debut album, Metal Magic, in 1983. But it wasn’t until their fifth album, Cowboy From Hell, that they made a breakthrough into the mainstream market. The platinum-selling album has been regarded as their most influential work. In 1994, Pantera released their first number one album, Far Beyond Driven. The effort, which became the band’s fastest-selling record, topped the Billboard 200. The album spawned several anthems, such as “I’m Broken,” “5 Minutes Alone,” and “Becoming.”
This 2023, fans can anticipate songs from Pantera’s critically-acclaimed efforts, including their best-selling album, Vulgar Display of Power. Enjoy heavy metal at its finest at the Budweiser Stage on Saturday, 12th August 2023!
Fans of Budweiser Stage
Janet Jackson & Ludacris 23/05/2023
Crowded House 27/05/2023
Dermot Kennedy 10/06/2023
Shania Twain 23/06/2023
Eric Church, Koe Wetzel & Shane Smith and The Saints 06/07/2023
Zac Brown Band & King Calaway 14/07/2023
Foreigner: Farewell Tour with Loverboy 25/07/2023
previously Molson Canadian Amphitheatre
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The U.S. war machine unleashed in Iraq
Fifteen years ago this week, George W. Bush launched the invasion of Iraq. Bush and Co. intended the second Iraq War as a stepping-stone to wider domination of the Middle East, and they claimed victory when Saddam Hussein's dictatorial regime fell quickly. But within months, the U.S. faced mass resistance to the occupation, and 15 years later, the war represents both a setback for U.S. imperialism and a catastrophic human tragedy.
In the second article in a four-part series written in 2013 on the anniversary, Ashley Smith describes the impact of the full might of the U.S. arsenal used against the Iraqi people.
HAVING RUN roughshod over the UN, world public opinion and a massive wave of protest, the Bush administration launched its invasion of Iraq on March 19, 2003.
Behind all the propaganda about weapons of mass destruction (WMDs) and liberating the Iraqi people, Washington's real intention was to assert American hegemony over the Middle East's oil and thereby secure dominance over potential rivals like China.
In fact, the U.S. had already prepared the country for regime change through two decades of economic sanctions and escalating military conflicts that had already incapacitated Hussein's regime, destroyed the country's infrastructure and decimated its people.
The U.S.-UN Genocide in Iraq
Now buried deep down the proverbial memory hole, the U.S. was actually allied with Saddam Hussein during his decade-long war with Iran in the 1980s. Bush's arrogant Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld actually visited Hussein as an ally in 1983, representing the Reagan administration. The Guardian reported that he encouraged the U.S. to "allow the export of biological agents, including anthrax; vital ingredients for chemical weapons; and cluster bombs sold by a CIA front organization in Chile."
Bombs fall on government buildings in Baghdad during the "shock and awe" bombardment at the beginning of the war
The U.S. thus helped Hussein develop the chemical weapons he used against Iraqi Kurds, who had allied themselves with Iran, in the notorious Halabja massacre in 1988.
After Iran-Iraq War ended in a stalemate, Iraq invaded the small neighboring country of Kuwait in August 1990. The aim was to seize Kuwait's oil fields, drive up the cost of crude and reap extra profits to pay back $80 billion in loans he borrowed to finance the war with Iran.
A misleading communiqué from U.S. Ambassador to Iraq April Gillespie gave Hussein the impression that the U.S. would remain neutral if Iraq invaded. Instead, the U.S., under George H.W. Bush, mobilized its biggest war effort since Vietnam to crush Hussein's regime by decimating his economic and military power. The U.S. literally bombed the country back to the Stone Age, hammering not only military targets, but civilian infrastructure like the sewage facilities and power systems.
But the U.S. stopped short of overthrowing Hussein and his regime because it feared leaving a vacuum of power that might be filled by Iran. Instead Bush called "for the Iraqi military and the Iraqi people to take matters into their own hands and force Saddam Hussein, the dictator, to step aside and then comply with the United Nations' resolutions and rejoin the family of peace-loving nations."
15 Years After the Iraq War
In this four-part series, Ashley Smith tells the story of the U.S. war and occupation of Iraq 15 years after the invasion--and how it was met by protest and resistance.
The drive to a war crime
The occupation and the resistance
The end of the occupation
Yet when the Iraq's oppressed Kurds and Shia rose up in simultaneous rebellions that threatened the regime, Bush and the U.S. betrayed them, standing aside while the Iraqi military carried out mass slaughters. The U.S. preferred its former ally-turned-demonized enemy to a popular revolution it couldn't control.
In order to contain the Iraqi regime, Bush Sr. and his successor Bill Clinton secured UN support for the most brutal regime of sanctions known to history. Hussein was forced to admit weapons inspectors to eradicate his chemical, biological and nuclear programs, which the U.S. had helped to start. The U.S. also imposed a no-fly zone over the Kurdish North and Shia South and staged regular missile strikes against regime targets.
The combination of sanctions and air strikes prevented reconstruction of the country's infrastructure, impoverished its people, undermined basic medical care--and, consequently, led to an enormous increase in the mortality rate, especially among children. The former UN Humanitarian Coordinator in Iraq Denis Halliday denounced the sanctions for leading to "thousands of deaths per month, a possible total of 1 million to 1.5 million over the last nine years...Genocide is taking place right now, every day, in Iraq's cities."
As the humanitarian disaster escalated, Leslie Stahl interviewed Clinton's Secretary of State Madeleine Albright on 60 Minutes. Stahl stated, "We have heard that a half a million children have died. I mean that's more children than died in Hiroshima. And--you know, is the price worth it?" Albright infamously and coldly replied, "I think this is a very hard choice, but the price--we think the price is worth it."
Shock and Awe
By the time Bush Jr. launched the Iraq War, the U.S. had caused a humanitarian catastrophe that it would now only compound.
The U.S. began with a campaign of air terror called "shock and awe," which had the stated goal of further undermining the regime, the infrastructure and the will of its people to fight the planned invasion and neoliberal transformation of Iraq.
The architect of "shock and awe" was National War College professor Harlan Ullman. "We want them to quit. We want them not to fight," he told CBS News. To succeed, Ullman said, the attack needed to have a:
simultaneous effect, rather like the nuclear weapons at Hiroshima, not taking days or weeks but in minutes...You're sitting in Baghdad, and all of a sudden, you're the general and 30 of your division headquarters have been wiped out. You also take the city down. By that, I mean you get rid of their power, water. In two, three, four, five days, they are physically, emotionally, and psychologically exhausted.
In the end, the U.S. opted for a slightly more moderate version of "shock and awe," targeting mainly the Iraqi military--or so the Pentagon spokespeople claimed.
Bush first attempted to assassinate Saddam Hussein with a cruise missile attack on March 19, and then escalated the air war into a full-scale bombing campaign on March 21. The U.S. launched 1,700 sorties and fired over 504 cruise missiles in the coming days, principally targeting Baghdad, a city of 7 million people. While the military pornographers in the corporate media portrayed "shock and awe" as something like Fourth of July fireworks, the people in the bombarded city cowered in fear as bombs thudded all around them. Journalist Robert Fisk captured the horror of the aerial assault:
A pulsating, minute-long roar of sound brought President George W. Bush's crusade against "terrorism" to Baghdad. There was a thrashing of tracer on the horizon from the Baghdad air defenses and then a series of tremendous vibrations that had the ground shaking under us, the walls moving, the sound waves clapping against our ears. Tubes of fire tore into the sky around the Iraqi capital, dark red at the base, golden at the top. Looking out across the Tigris from the river bank, I could see pinpricks of fire reaching high into the sky as America's bombs and missiles exploded on to Iraq's military and communication centers and, no doubt, upon the innocent as well.
While the U.S. claimed its smart bombs didn't kill civilians, the Iraq Body Count website documented that "the highest intensity of civilian killings over a sustained period occurred during the first three 'shock and awe' weeks of the 2003 invasion, when civilian deaths averaged 317 per day and totaled over 6,640 by April 9th, nearly all attributable to US-led coalition-forces, reaching 7,286" by May 1. No one has yet studied the number Iraqi cases of post-traumatic stress disorder caused by the American blitzkrieg.
Invasion and Regime Change
The U.S. began the ground invasion on March 20, with 145,000 soldiers racing to seize power in Baghdad. The U.S. threw its entire panoply of weapons against the Iraqi military, including its own favored chemical weapon--shells tipped with depleted uranium, which had poisoned Iraq's people during and after the first Gulf War. Faced with this air and ground barrage, the Iraqi forces, including the much-hyped Republican Guard, collapsed and fled the battlefield.
Saddam Hussein's regime buckled because it had no popular backing. In fact, the country's soldiers and people despised Hussein for exploiting and oppressing them--just as they had two decades before when he was a U.S. ally. So Hussein's call to fight the invaders went unanswered in the opening weeks. As a result, the U.S. seized Baghdad and declared victory on April 14, just three-and-a-half weeks after the start of the war. The U.S. now effectively ruled Iraq as a conquered semi-colony.
The Pentagon fabricated some photo ops to confirm the Bush administration prediction that U.S. forces would be welcomed as liberators. In the most famous one, the corporate media reported that Iraqi civilians welcomed U.S. soldiers to help them topple the giant statue of Saddam Hussein in Firdos Square. The scene was broadcast around the world as a sign of triumphant unity between U.S. forces and the Iraqi people.
In fact, as the Los Angeles Times reported a year later, the Army itself determined that "it was a Marine colonel--not joyous Iraqi civilians, as was widely assumed from the TV images--who decided to topple the statue...And it was a quick-thinking Army psychological operations team that made it appear to be a spontaneous Iraqi undertaking."
The Iraqi people were not going to be tricked into support for the American invaders and their Iraqi accomplices. As left-wing journalist Patrick Cockburn reported:
Most Iraqis wanted to see the back of Saddam Hussein, but they already viewed their liberators--the Americans and the Iraqi exile parties--with suspicion. A civil servant in Baghdad said of the latter: "the exiled Iraqis are the exact replica of those who currently govern us...with the sole difference that the latter are already satiated since they have been robbing us for the past 30 years. Those who accompany the American troops will be ravenous."
The Bush administration, however, seemed to believe its own propaganda. Thus, in an act of arrogance befitting a Roman emperor, Bush celebrated "victory" on May 1 by landing a fighter jet on a U.S. aircraft carrier and then delivering a speech in front of a giant banner emblazoned with the slogan "Mission Accomplished."
But the nature of that mission was just becoming clear in all its horror. The American forces were determined to impose what Naomi Klein calls "disaster capitalism"--they wanted to destroy every vestige of Iraq's state capitalist regime and replace it with a neoliberal system allied to the U.S. that opened up its oil industry to multinationals.
Therefore, U.S. forces permitted the looting of government ministries throughout the country to destroy most of the remnants of the Iraqi state. As Robert Fisk wrote:
U.S. troops have sat back and allowed mobs to wreck and then burn the Ministry of Planning, the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Irrigation, the Ministry of Trade, the Ministry of Industry, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of Culture and the Ministry of Information. They did nothing to prevent looters from destroying priceless treasures of Iraq's history in the Baghdad Archaeological Museum and in the museum in the northern city of Mosul, or from looting three hospitals.
The Americans have, though, put hundreds of troops inside two Iraqi ministries that remain untouched--and untouchable--because tanks and armored personnel carriers and Humvees have been placed inside and outside both institutions.
And which ministries proved to be so important for the Americans? Why, the Ministry of Interior, of course--with its vast wealth of intelligence information on Iraq--and the Ministry of Oil. The archives and files of Iraq's most valuable asset--its oil fields and, even more important, its massive reserves--are safe and sound, sealed off from the mobs and looters, and safe to be shared, as Washington almost certainly intends, with American oil companies.
The Resistance Begins
In opposition to U.S. plans for Iraq to be a colony in all but name, each of Iraq's three major population groups--the Sunnis, the Shia and the Kurds--began to assert their aspirations for a new Iraq.
The Sunnis ruling class, which had been disproportionately represented in the upper echelons of Saddam Hussein's Baath Party and in state institutions, reacted with hostility to the occupation. They feared that leaders of Shia would now benefit at their expense in the new state and economy. So they began to organize the Sunni population in the first efforts at armed resistance.
The Shia, which had long been oppressed and repressed under Hussein, took the opportunity to organize gigantic marches on their religious holidays. One leader Moktada al-Sadr, who combined Shia religious ideas with Arab nationalism, began to organize the Mahdi Army and agitate against the occupation.
Only the Kurdish elites were wholly jubilant at the American seizure of Iraq. But they, too, had plans that would bring them into conflict with Iraq's Arab rulers and with the U.S. occupiers. They aimed to seize the northern city of Kirkuk, push out the Iraqi Arabs installed by Hussein's regime, claim the surrounding oil fields as their own and operate with autonomy from any future central government.
They also toyed with declaring an independent Kurdistan that would include the Kurdish population in the surrounding region, a project that would put them at odds with U.S. ally Turkey, which had long denied its own Kurdish minority's the right to self-determination.
Finally, as an important present-day expression of the Iraq's working class historic efforts at self-organization, oil workers began to organize a new independent union and oppose U.S. plans to privatize the oil industry. They saw the industry as a national treasure that needed to be protected--and they would use their class power to do so.
Thus, within just months of the invasion, the U.S. already faced a potential resistance that, in its hubris, it had not anticipated. In the meantime, the Bush administration faced a possible public relations disaster when it failed to find any WMDs. As the former weapons inspector Scott Ritter had announced to the world before the war, Iraq had no chemical, biological and nuclear weapons, and nor any program to develop them.
Even the CIA's Iraq Study Group, which sent 1,750 experts to 1,200 suspected WMD sites all over Iraq, could find nothing. "Iraq's WMD program was essentially destroyed in 1991," reported the Christian Science Monitor, "and Saddam ended Iraq's nuclear program after the 1991 Gulf War."
Bush dismissed his failure to find WMDs with a wink and a smirk. At the annual Radio and Television Correspondents' Association dinner in early 2004, Bush narrated an inane and insulting slide show of photos from inside the White House. One depicted the president looking under furniture in the Oval Office, while he joked, "Those weapons of mass destruction have got to be somewhere. Nope, no weapons over there...maybe under here?"
For a brief period, Bush could yuck it up, but soon, the Iraqi resistance would destroy his imperial plan to remake the Middle East under American hegemony. Bush would, in turn, make the Iraqi people pay an enormous price for their opposition to U.S. imperialism--proving that the only weapon of mass destruction in the country was the U.S. military.
When its troops failed to quell the Iraqi resistance, the U.S. fomented a civil war, but the occupation still ended in failure.
In spite of the largest coordinated protests in history, George Bush and the neo-cons were determined to have their war on Iraq.
Eric Ruder
The U.S. destroys Mosul in order to not save it
The U.S.-led drive to eradicate ISIS forces in Mosul has succeeded--but at a terrible price to the people who live in what was once Iraq's second-largest city.
The end of Iraq?
An eyewitness to Iraq's suffering describes the conditions as the country is torn apart by a sectarian conflict for which the U.S. is to blame.
Why did Ramadi fall to ISIS?
Just as the U.S. government was claiming a supposed string of successes, ISIS fighters have conquered an important city in western Iraq.
Todd St Hill and Tyler Zimmer
How struggle sent a killer cop to jail
For the first time in more than 50 years, a Chicago cop has been found guilty of murder while on duty — thanks to a movement.
Roberto Barreto
Survival on the island of the portable generator
A socialist in Puerto Rico describes daily life after Maria--on an island that has become completely reliant on portable generators for electricity.
Alan Maass
Marxism and democracy
Socialists have always fought for the widest possible expansion of democracy and political rights as an essential part of the class struggle.
Annie Levin
The American tradition of refusing refugees
Donald Trump's ban on Muslim refugees is part of a shameful history that includes U.S. government policies to block European Jews fleeing the Nazis.
Dorian Bon
Islamophobia and the rise of the new right
Anti-Muslim bigotry is a key ingredient in the toxic brew that is fueling a wave of right-wing nationalism in countries around the world.
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