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Special Session – September 2017
Special Session The Utah State Legislature convened its first special session of the year, in conjunction with September interim day, on Wednesday, September 20th. The purpose of the special session was to deal with the following issues: H.B. 1001 Operation Rio Grande...
Press Release: Assessing Utah’s Occupational Licensing Policies and Practices
Press Release For Immediate Release September 28, 2017 Contact: Aundrea Peterson Majority Director of Communications Utah House of Representatives 801-791-3365 | aundreapeterson@le.utah.gov Assessing Utah’s Occupational Licensing Policies and Practices SALT LAKE CITY...
Safe Homeless Services Courtyard
A Safe Homeless Services Courtyard will allow providers to better understand those seeking services, enabling them to direct those individuals to the most suitable organizations and care. Existing facilities will be utilized, services will be coordinated and those...
Excitement filled the Capitol Rotunda as 123 applicants from more than 20 countries in unison pledged their loyalty to the United States of America during the Oath of Allegiance to become U.S. citizens during the naturalization ceremony on September 25, 2017....
Press Release: Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice Interim Committee pass motion requesting courts hold off implementing new policy
Press Release For Immediate Release September 22, 2017 Contact: Aundrea Peterson Majority Director of Communications Utah House of Representatives 801-791-3365 | aundreapeterson@le.utah.gov Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice Interim Committee pass motion requesting...
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W. D. Howells Society
Life and Works of W. D. Howells (1837-1920)
Howells’s Contemporaries
W. D. Howells Biography
Howells’s Works
Editor’s Study
Howells-L
Howellsian
WDHS Reviews and Commentary
New Books and Articles
Annotated Bibliography 1999-2007
Howells in the News: W. D. Howells, Steampunk Spymaster at Wired
At Wired, Bruce Sterling reads Howells’s “American Literature in Exile.” A sample:
*It’s good to read Howell because he’s so secure in his own world. He’s properly dressed in his own Manhattan tie-and-tails; he’s not bitterly agitated, or preyed upon by bipolarity, like Clemens was. Howells is energetic without ever being antic. He gives the impression of a natural ruling-class figure who would likely do very well in the State Department.
*There’s a steampunk version of the Howells-Twain relationship where Howells is “M,” the master spy, the firm-hand-on-the-tiller, while Mark Twain is his brilliant yet reckless field agent, with a license to wander the world and kill off steampunk super-villains. I shouldn’t have said that, because now somebody’s gonna do it and get it all wrong; but, well, I’m in literary mode now, writing an Italian dieselpunk story, and the flights of fancy are proliferating out of control.
This entry was posted in Uncategorized on December 20, 2013 by Donna Campbell.
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Join Howells-L, the Howells Society Listserv
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W. D Howells in the News Archive of Howells in the News. New items will be posted to this site.
Howells in the News
Howells Society
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5 minutes with Mandy Hill
24th February 2017 26th February 2017
Mandy Hill Managing Director of Academic Publishing, Cambridge University Press
Mandy joined Cambridge University Press in 2014 as Managing Director of Academic Publishing. She is also currently a member of the Publishing Board of the Royal Society.
Before joining Mandy worked for OUP for over 15 years, initially in journals editorial and culminating in the role of Publishing Director for Global Academic from 2010.
Mandy’s publishing career started at Elsevier (6 years) and also included a period at a medical communications agency.
Qualifications: BSc (Hons) Biochemistry (2i), Bath University; Diploma Organisational Leadership (Oxford).
All Out War by Tim Shipman.
Kindle: practically the only way I read anything outside work.
What’s next on your reading list?
Probably a thriller next: I need something a bit lighter after the stark realities of the lead-up to Brexit that All Out War described.
Which writer would you have loved to have met – and why?
Charles Darwin – not someone everyone would call a ‘writer’ but clearly the author of one of the most significant books ever.
West Wing – about 15 years after everyone else!
What is the one thing about your company that we need to know?
We are a department of the University of Cambridge and a global publisher of books and journals. This combination gives us the drive to innovate our approaches whilst also retaining our commitment to quality and the information needs of researchers and students worldwide. As an example, we have just developed and launched our digital platform, Cambridge Core, which combines our research book and journal content.
What is the single biggest challenge facing the academic publishing industry right now?
Keeping pace with the changing needs and ways of working of our authors and customers: this impacts everything from copyright to the need to demonstrate impact and users’ craving for easy, instant access.
What is the one piece of advice you’d give to someone starting out in academic publishing today?
Have no preconceptions and don’t get blocked by the ‘status quo’ – this industry is changing and we need people with fresh ideas and perspectives
What was your first job?
Working in a gift shop and café. I loved it and learnt a lot about people, the importance of knowing your customers, and great chocolate cake.
And your first in the book industry?
Production Editor at Pergamon Press, working on science review journals.
Various low-calorie lunch options, which would be fine, if occasionally I didn’t blow it all on a panini instead.
Tell us about a passionate interest you have outside the business.
Gardening is how I relax. We bought a new house when I moved to Cambridge and our garden is a bit of a blank canvass. I love to cook as well, but several hours outside digging helps me to forget work issues just for a while so that when I come back I am refreshed and reenergised for the week ahead.
What piece of advice would you give first-timers at the Fair?
Talk to as many people as possible, wear comfortable shoes, and have fun.
Tagged 2017, academic publishing, authors, Bath University, Cambridge University, Cambridge University Press, Diploma Organisational Leadership, Global Academic, London, Managing Director, Mandy, Mandy Hill, publishing industry, the University of Cambridge, UK.
Previous: 5 minutes with Samantha Nicholls
Next:5 minutes with Ed Marino
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Category:Royal Field Artillery
Individuals who served in the Royal Field Artillery, often colloquially referred to as "The Gunners".
The Royal Field Artillery was formed in July 1899 as a separate arm of the Royal Regiment of Artillery and provided close artillery support for the British infantry, with weaponry such as medium calibre guns and howitzers.
During the First World War, the Royal Field Artillery was comprised of more than 300 Batteries and over 500 Brigades.
Wikipedia: Royal Field Artillery
Forces War Records: Royal Field Artillery
Wartime Memories Project: Royal Field Artillery
Royal Garrison Artillery
Pages in category ‘Royal Field Artillery’
Hefford William Ernest Ainley (1883-1917)
Joseph Ainley (c.1889-1917)
Wilfred Ainley (1882-1918)
Edward Stoney Armitage (1898-1918)
Herbert Armitage (c.1895-1918)
James Armitage (1880-1917)
Willie Armitage (1894-1917)
John Brownhill Ashton (c.1890-1918)
Albert Bailey (c.1895-1919)
James Bailey (c.1888-1917)
Harold Bamforth (c.1897-1918)
Alexander Edward Barras (c.1878-1917)
Harry Bastow (c.1895-1918)
Willie Battye (c.1885-1916)
George Beasley (?-1918)
Charles Beaumont (1895-1917)
Fred Bell (c.1891-1917)
Arthur Berry (1897-1917)
Benjamin Thomas Berry (1894-1917)
John Wareing Biltcliffe (c.1895-1916)
Mark Rowland Binns (c.1890-1915)
Frank Blackstone (c.1898-1918)
Edwin Sykes Booth (1882-1917)
Emmanuel Booth (1877-1917)
Harold Booth (c.1896-1918)
Frank Bottomley (c.1889-1920)
Michael Stanley Bottomley (1893-1918)
John Chaplin Bower (c.1855?-1917)
Edgar Bradley (1894-1917)
George Bray (1881-1919)
Harry Bray (c.1887-1918)
Hartley Tolson Broadbent (1897-1917)
Reuben Broadbent (1880-1918)
Frank Brooke (c.1898-1918)
James Willie Brooke (1880-1917)
John Brooke (c.1889-1918)
Norman Victor Bruce (c.1892-1918)
Samuel Burke (c.1890-1916)
Cyril Frank Butler (1894-1918)
George Butler (1895-1917)
James Edward Cain (c.1886-1917)
Charles Henry Callaghan (1887-1917)
James Francis Carter (c.1890-1918)
John Cleary (c.1874-1918)
Friend Cocker (c.1895-1918)
Frederick Charles Cooke (1880-1917)
William J. Costello (c.1894-1920)
Stanley Crossley (1897-1916)
Hewson Dagg (c.1898-1918)
Peter Daly (c.1880-1916)
Thomas Deakin (c.1885-1917)
George Dearnley (c.1893-1917)
William John Digman (c.1885-1918)
Norman Dyson (1892-1918)
Albert Earnshaw (c.1896-1917)
Samuel Earnshaw (c.1896-1917)
Charles Ellis (c.1883-1918)
Fred England (c.1890-1918)
Wilfred Everett (c.1892-1916)
Percy Exley (c.1890-1918)
Harland Field (1894-1918)
Arnold Firth (c.1882-1917)
Norman France (c.1884-1917)
Addin Garside (c.1891-1916)
Herbert Harold Griffiths (1897-1920)
Albert Haigh (c.1894-1920)
Fred Haigh (c.1892-1917)
Herbert Haigh (c.1895-1917)
Herbert Leslie Haigh (1899-1918)
Harold Hamer (1895-1914)
Walter Hartley (c.1886-1916)
Henry Harvatt (1894-1917)
Bernard Henry (c.1887-1917)
Herbert Hickman (c.1889-1922)
Jack Hinchliffe (1895-1917)
James Alfred Hinchliffe (1891-1917)
Willie Hinchliffe (c.1888-1917)
Edward Hodgson (c.1895-1916)
James Holmes (c.1895-1917)
Sidney Holmes (c.1889-1917)
Albert Holroyd (1889-1919)
Richard Howarth (c.1879-1916)
Herbert Hunsley (c.1893-1916)
Bertrand Iredale (1897-1917)
Lawrence Jebson (c.1894-1918)
Herbert Kaye (c.1894-1917)
James Henry Kelly (c.1885-1918)
William Kennedy (1889-1917)
Fred Leatham (c.1882-1922)
Robert Lloyd (c.1883-1918)
Harry Alexander Lodge (1883-1917)
Albert Edward Macey (1891-1917)
Ernest Mallinson (c.1896-1918)
Herbert Marsden (1886-1918)
Ernest John Mead (c.1884-1916)
A. Herbert Meakin (c.1882-1915)
Spencer Walton Milan (1898-1916)
Thomas Milnes (c.1884-1918)
Ernest Moorhouse (c.1895-1919)
Herbert Moorhouse (c.1884-1918)
Ernest Moreland (c.1890-1915)
Richard Murphy (1893-1916)
George Henry Nicholson (1891-1918)
Frank Nuttall (c.1892-1918)
Harold Oates (1894-1917)
Albert Parkin (c.1889-1918)
Arthur Peace (1897-1918)
Alfred Peacock (1899-1917)
Norman Pilling (c.1880-1917)
Ernest Price (?-1917)
Robert Cecil Procter (1897-1917)
Albert Ramsden (1887-1918)
Archie Roberts (c.1891?-1918)
Arthur Roberts (c.1897-1917)
David Robertson (1894-1918)
Peter Battye Royston (1889-1916)
Alfred Rushworth (c.1898-1919)
Arthur Rushworth (c.1894-1917)
John Sandland (c.1895-1916)
Henry Schofield (c.1889-1917)
Douglas Shaw (1894-1916)
Thomas Edward Sheffield (c.1876-1918)
Abraham Smith (c.1897-1917)
Charles Smith (c.1881-1918)
Frank Smith (1888-1916)
Fred Tinker Smith (1897-1917)
John Edward Smith (1895-1917)
Sidney Reginald Victor Smith (c.1895-1918)
Percy Spivey (1898-1918)
Bernard Starkey (c.1901-1920)
J. Stephenson (?-1921)
Joseph Storer (1891-1917)
Ben Swift (c.1890-1918)
George Sykes (c.1894-1918)
Joe Sykes (1887-1917)
Walter Sykes (c.1897-1917)
Norman Stringer Taylor (1892-1918)
Dan Thewlis (c.1894-1916)
Walter Thewlis (c.1889-1918)
Charles Thompson (1893-1918)
John William Thompson (c.1890-1918)
Joseph Edwin Harold Thornton (c.1893-1918)
James Martin Tolson (1898-1918)
Harold Albert Edward Tucker (1891-1916)
Thomas Tyson (c.1896-1917)
Alfred Valerio (c.1882-1917)
Leslie Varley (c.1893-1917)
Charles E. Varo (c.1891-1918)
Walter Robinson Vaughan (c.1894-1916)
Ebby Wadsworth (1898-1916)
Thomas Richardson Walmsley (c.1893-1917)
John Whitaker (c.1891-1918)
R. Herbert Whitaker (c.1896-1917)
Frederick Whittles (1895-1918)
Frederick Wild (1917-1917)
Thomas Wilkinson (c.1887-1917)
Bertie Wilson (1890-1916)
Harry Wilson (1890-1918)
Thomas James Wilson (1893-1918)
Ernest Woffindin (c.1885-1918)
Bernal Wood (1895-1917)
Edgar Wood (1889-1918)
Gilbert Henry Wood (1897-1917)
John Henry Wood (c.1896-1918)
Walker Wood (c.1888-1917)
James William Woodhead (1894-1919)
Royal Field Artillery
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Novel high strength, low wear leucite glass-ceramics
Allied Health Professions, Dentistry, Nursing and Pharmacy
Engineering: Biomedical Engineering, Materials Engineering
Medical and Health Sciences: Dentistry
Novel low-wear, high-strength glass-ceramics were developed at Queen Mary in 2000-2011 by Dr Cattell's team to prevent facture and wear of dental ceramic restorations. Over three million restorations have been provided for patients and sold in 46 countries. The product has won industry awards for clinical and cosmetic excellence from the Clinical Research Associates and Dental Advisor, who externally assess products for consumers. The product uses a 100% pain-free minimally invasive approach, saving as much as 20% enamel reduction per patient, as tooth preparation and anaesthesia are not required. We also estimate a substantial reduction in tooth enamel wear of 43-46% for this nano-scale product compared to commercial porcelain. It has high patient acceptance and satisfaction, and has received media coverage worldwide.
Dr Cattell, Senior Lecturer in Dental Technology, undertook this research (2000-2011) with his team at Queen Mary to address problems encountered in clinical dentistry, particularly in general practice, with brittle fracture of porcelain restorations and their poor survival rates over ten years (crowns = 52% and veneers = 47%) and substantial costs (£117.5M and £6.5M respectively). The team also considered problems of tooth wear against current abrasive porcelains, as 14% of people in the UK suffer from bruxism (teeth grinding). The objectives were to produce low-wear and high-strength aesthetic glass-ceramics to resolve these problems and reduce patient pain.
Fundamental work
Dr Cattell conducted the fundamental work on leucite glass-ceramics (2000-2004) that led to the Cerinate heat extruded commercial product. Processing of these leucite glass-ceramics using heat extrusion to produce dental restorations led to an even distribution of fine crystallites and increases in tested reliability (m = 9.4, m = Weibull Modulus) and flexural strength (159.1 MPa) compared with current materials (120.1 MPa, m = 6.1) [1]. During this work he discovered a process of controlling the leucite crystal size in a thermally compatible glass [2]. His team discovered that control of the chemistry and physical properties of the glass, together with crystallite size, were key to enhancing the properties of the glass-ceramic. They also demonstrated efficient adhesive bonding of these materials and further surface strengthening (200.2 MPa) [3].
Discovery of high-strength / low-wear leucite glass-ceramics
Dr Cattell's team (2005-2011) worked with Professor Hill on the original glass formulation together with a range of new glasses. These glasses were designed using Appen factors so properties like refractive index, thermal expansion and fusion temperature could be predicted before the glasses were made. Tailoring these properties to that of the leucite crystal phase allowed the production of transparent and highly aesthetic materials, with residual strains between the crystal and glass matrix matched to encourage increases in mechanical properties. Controlled fusion temperature also allowed the fabrication of dental restorations at temperatures suitable for manufacturing.
The team also focussed on the fundamental aspects of nucleation and crystal growth of leucite glass-ceramics and powder processing to control surface crystallisation and produce fine [4] and, later, nano-scale leucite glass-ceramics. These studies were critical to reducing the size of the abrasive leucite crystals that had enormous benefits in terms of reduced enamel wear, improved aesthetics and increased strength. Leucite glass-ceramics were produced with significantly higher flexural strength (>250 MPa, Figure 1) and reliability (m=11.9) when compared to a European market leader [5]. Research ethics approval was gained to test the wear of these new materials against human enamel (REC: 06/Q0603/98). The outcome was significantly lower enamel wear compared with a commercial market leader [6] (Figure 2).
The group also demonstrated these materials could be processed using heat extrusion and newer CAD-CAM and 3D-printing technologies to produce dental restorations. This material was adopted as an aesthetic restorative material for clinical use (Lumineers® 2, Den-Mat Holdings, USA), and used in the fabrication of over three million dental restorations. These stronger materials are used in thin section encouraging minimally invasive adhesive dentistry. The outcomes are less drilling and pain for patients and prevention of crown fracture and destructive enamel wear.
Fig. 1: Flexural strength of the Experimental/ Commercial glass-ceramics
Fig. 2: Wear of the Experimental/ Commercial glass-ceramics
1. Cattell MJ, Chadwick TC, Knowles JC, Clarke RL, Lynch E. Flexural strength optimization of a fleucite reinforced glass ceramic. Dental Materials, 2001; 17: 21-33.
2. Cattell MJ, Chadwick TC, Knowles JC, Clarke RL, Samarawickrama DYD. The nucleation and crystallization of fine grained leucite glass-ceramics for dental applications. Dental Materials, 2006; 22, 925-933.
3. Cattell MJ, Chadwick TC, Knowles JC, Clarke RL. Development and testing of glaze materials for application to the fit surface of dental ceramic restorations. Dental Materials, 2009; 25, 431-441.
4. Chen XI, Chadwick TC, Wilson RM, Hill R and Cattell MJ. Crystallization of High Strength-Fine-Sized Leucite Glass-Ceramics. Journal of Dental Research, 2010; 89, 1510-1516.
5. Chen XI, Chadwick TC, Wilson RM, Hill R and Cattell MJ. Crystallization and flexural strength optimization of fine-grained leucite glass-ceramics for dentistry. Dental Materials, 2011; 2 7 1153-1161.
6. Theocharopoulos A, Chen X, Hill R and Cattell M.J. Reduced wear of enamel with novel fine and nano-scale leucite glass-ceramics. Journal of Dentistry, 2013; 41, 561-568.
Research was supported by grants from: Support for Oral Science PhD studentship (Barts and the London, 2005-09); Barts and The London Charity (2007-11); Industry (Den-Mat Corp., USA) (2006-09).
4a: World distribution and sales
Over three million dental restorations have been manufactured and placed for patients using these highly successful glass-ceramics, generating significant industry and general dental practice profits [7]. It is now a global product sold in 46 countries including: The Americas (USA, Canada, Brazil, Mexico, Venezuela); Europe (UK, France, Germany, Italy, Belgium, Spain, Russia, Poland, Greece, Hungary, Estonia, Bulgaria, Cyprus); Asia Pacific (Australia, Japan, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Indonesia, Vietnam, Philippines, Korea); and Middle East and Africa: (Dubai, Kuwait, Kazakhstan, Morocco, Israel, Africa GCC, Turkey). There has been an improved public understanding of minimally invasive dentistry as these new materials and techniques have been covered extensively in newspapers and magazines, including Readers Digest (circulation >10m) [8], and on the internet and TV, making these the most patient-requested thin veneers in dentistry.
4b: Industry and academic recognition and clinical trials
During clinical trials this leucite glass-ceramic was clinically rated `excellent' by the Dental Advisor and by the Clinical Research Associates (CRA), both of whom are major external assessors who evaluate products for the dental profession and consumers. The Leucite glass-ceramic (Lumineers 2 ®) was also awarded top cosmetic product by the Dental Advisor (2009) [9]. The research work behind this material also won the Voco prize for Dental Biomaterials research at the International Association of Dental Research meeting in 2010 [10]. Improved methodology for the measurement of tooth wear using white light profilometry was developed during this work [11], which has been cited in the literature and is of use in the scientific community.
4c: Change in clinical practice worldwide
The major impact of this research is that these unique high-strength glass-ceramics are used in thinner section (as thin as a contact lens) allowing minimal or "no tooth" drilling and eliminating the associated pain, discomfort, and local anaesthesia injections (by up to 100%) required to prepare teeth (www.lumineers.com/h2_lumineers_why) [12]. This also means 100% reduction in postoperative patient pain, less tooth destruction (20% less) and fewer or no provisional restorations. This equates to 25% more profit for dental practices when placing this system (versus traditional materials). High aesthetics combined with a pain-free minimally invasive tooth preparation approach [9] has led to high patient acceptance and satisfaction with this product (Figure 3).
This information has been fed back from numerous dental practices (>13,000 dentists in the USA use Lumineers) via patient and practitioner testimonials [13]. These materials can be easily acid etched and adhesively bonded to tooth structure and this has made them particularly useful in the treatment of children with microdontia, tetracycline staining and amelogenesis imperfecta.
4d: Patient and dentist testimonials
A patient said: "The process was amazing — it was almost too easy! No shots, drilling or pain was associated with getting Lumineers. I love how natural they look and feel. Who knew getting a new beautiful smile could be so easy." [13b]. A dentist said: "Tremendous benefits for all our patients because of the no shots or temporaries. It produces a tremendous smile with very little or no discomfort to the patient." [13b].
Fig. 3: Before and after the use of Lumineers
4e: New low-wear materials
Another major impact of this study was to produce fine and nano-scale leucite glass-ceramics with dramatically reduced enamel wear properties. Many conventional porcelains/ceramics are destructive to tooth structure (four times more abrasive than enamel) and this is increased in patients with bruxism. In the UK 8-10% of the population are affected by tooth wear. The current materials have the opposite effect and will be kinder to tooth structure. We estimate the nano-scale materials give a staggering reduction in tooth enamel wear of 43-46% compared to the commercial porcelain in our study (6). This is of great benefit to patients to reduce tooth destruction, pain and the prevention of more complex dental treatment, such as costly bridges and implants when worn teeth are difficult to restore. These materials do not have biocompability issues and are less cytotoxic than current lithium disilicate ceramics, many metals and composites. There is less or no drilling and its associated pain for patients, and up to 100% less post-operative pain. The materials can also prevent future repeat or more complex dental treatment, hence high satisfaction in both adults and children.
4f: Industry feedback and publications
The Leucite glass-ceramics developed at Queen Mary were translated into two products by a US-based company (Den-Mat Holdings), with two patents filed [14, 15], and seven published papers [eg 1-6]. Dr Cattell was responsible for translating this lab-based research to industry and setting up the processing technology. This led to a heat extruded leucite glass-ceramic (Cerinate Pressable) and the Lumineers® 2 glass-ceramic used in conjunction with new CAD-CAM and 3D-printing technologies [16]. The versatility of these products and the ease of manufacture made them desirable to industry and generated significant industry and general dental practice income (veneers cost $800-2,000 per tooth in US practice). www.lumineers.com/h2_lumineers_cost
This resulted in hiring of new staff (increased employment in California) at the US-based dental company and investment in new technology [17]. A recent company consumer assessment of online conversation related to branded dental veneers indicated the dominance of Lumineers over two of their primary competitors (Figure 4).
Fig. 4: Competitive analysis: Share of voice
Senior Director Research and Development, Den-Mat Holdings, LLC
Summary of Lumineers media coverage in US http://lumismilecentral.net/in-the-news/
Dental Advisor report, 2009. Available from: www.dentaladvisor.com/clinical-evaluations/product-awards/2009-product-awards.shtml#anterior
Theocharopoulos, A., Chen, X., Hill, R. and Cattell, M.J (2010) Wear characteristics of an experimental high-strength fine-sized leucite glass-ceramic, IADR General Session, Barcelona http://iadr.confex.com/iadr/2010barce/preliminaryprogram/abstract_132248.htm
Theocharopoulos A, Zou L, Hill R, Cattell MJ. Wear quantification of human enamel and dental glass-ceramics using white light profilometry. Wear, 2010; 269, 930-93.
Lumineers® Smile Design Studio Catalogue: www.denmed.com/lumineersdds/pliki/smile-design-catalog.pdf
Patient website testimonials available from: (a) www.yourlifesmiles.com/before-and-after and (b) http://atlantagentledental.com/news/lumineers-testimonials/
Ibsen R, Chen XH, Cattell MJ, Riddell JV, Chadwick TC. Control of Ceramic Microstructure US Patent 2009/0081104 A1 March 26th 2009. www.google.com/patents/US20090081104
Ibsen R, Chen XH, Cattell MJ, Riddell JV. Strong Glass-Ceramic US Patent 2010 /0119431A May 13th 2010. www.google.com/patents/US20100119431
Forward trends: veneers. Dental Products Report [Internet], April 2009, 20-21. www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/advanstar/dlp_200904/index.php?startid=20#/21
Research Scientist, Research and Development, Den-Mat Holdings, LLC.
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How to Pitch a TV Show: The Key Steps Writing is, obviously, a vital part of creating a TV Show. However, it is sadly not the only vital part of the process. Knowing how to pitch a TV show is crucial to getting it made. So what steps are
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Writing Characters That FASCINATE – The Ultimate PDF Guide
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How to Create Intrigue in Screenplays – PDF Guide
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Script Coverage Templates & Samples for Download
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CNN: Trump and first lady touch down in Tokyo
2019-05-25 (54 Days Old)Total Views: 81 | Last 7 Days: 17
Trump and first lady touch down in Tokyo
Japan United States
Donald Trump Tokyo
'It's like being held captive,' one official says of traveling with the US President on world's most famous plane. President Donald Trump's departure for Tokyo on Friday kicks off a summer of global jet-setting that takes him to five separate countries -- and confines him to the presidential aircraft for more than 80 hours flying overseas. >>
A Changing Sumo Will Welcome a Slipper-Clad Trump Into the Ring. President Trump plans to attend the final match of an annual tournament in Tokyo, where he will present a custom-made trophy to the winner, drawing international attention to the ancient sport. >>
Earthquake shakes Tokyo just before Trump arrives >>
Earthquake shakes Tokyo shortly before Trump arrives. An earthquake shook parts of the region around Tokyo on Saturday, just ahead of US President Donald Trump's arrival to Japan. >>
Inside Trump's Air Force One: 'It's like being held captive'. When President Donald Trump departs for Tokyo on Friday, he'll kick off a summer of global jet-setting that takes him to five separate countries -- and confines him to the presidential aircraft for more than 80 hours flying overseas. >>
Japan sees sumo championship as way to flatter Trump. President Trump, long a fan of pro wrestling, will get a seat of honor in Tokyo as he attends a national sumo championship. As CBS News' Lucy Craft reports, it may be a way for the Japanese to flatter the U.S. leader. >>
Media: Trump may visit Japan twice in 2019. Tokyo hopes to welcome US President Donald Trump twice in just two months next year, as a way to create a friendly atmosphere ahead of "tough, going-concrete" bilateral trade talks, analysts say. >>
President Trump to visit Japanese warship. President Trump is set to visit a Japanese warship during his upcoming visit to the country. CBS News foreign correspondent Lucy Craft reports from Tokyo. >>
The Latest: Earthquake rattles Tokyo before Trump visit. The Latest on President Donald Trump's state visit to Japan. >>
Trump addresses business leaders in Tokyo. President Donald Trump addresses Japanese business leaders in Tokyo ahead of a largely ceremonial visit to recognize the country's new emperor. >>
Trump arrives in Tokyo for state visit, golf and sumo. Under the threat of potentially devastating U.S. tariffs on autos, Japan was ready to roll out the newest phase of its charm offensive targeting U.S. President Donald Trump as it welcomed him on a state visit. >>
Trump set for pageant-laden visit to Japan to honor new emperor. Japan has a new emperor, but it is President Donald Trump who will be treated to pageantry befitting a monarch when he travels Friday to Tokyo. >>
Trump touches down in Tokyo >>
Trump, in Japan, says Tokyo has ‘substantial’ trade advantage over US. President Trump, in his first day of a four-day visit to Japan, said in Tokyo on Saturday that the country has a “substantial” trade over the U.S. -- and that he hopes a future trade agreement will rebalance the situation. >>
US President set for pageant-laden visit to honor new Emperor. Japan has a new Emperor, but it is President Donald Trump who will be treated to pageantry befitting a monarch when he travels Friday to Tokyo. >>
Wrestling with diplomacy: U.S. president to award sumo championship Trump Cup during Japan state visit. A closer look at some of the day's notable stories with The National's Jonathon Gatehouse: Trump and Abe plan to take in some sumo in Tokyo this weekend; whistleblower Christopher Wylie is passionate about curbing abuse of personal data, and he has some advice for the public. >>
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King Power founder killed in helicopter crash
Robert Stockdill
The founder and chairman of Thailand’s King Power duty free retail company has died in a helicopter crash in the UK.
Vichai Srivaddhanaprabha, 60, had been attending an English Premier league football match involving the Leicester City team he owned at its home ground, King Power Stadium. About 40 minutes after the match ended, his personal helicopter took off from the stadium grounds. According to eyewitnesses, after clearing the roof of a grandstand the helicopter’s engine went silent and the machine crashed inside the stadium complex near the car park, exploding in a fireball. Two members of his staff – Nursara Suknamai and Kaveporn Punpare – and two pilots also lost their lives in the crash.
The King Power founder created the business 29 years ago, securing a licence to operate Thailand’s first downtown duty free shop at Mahatun Plaza. Six years later the company won the sole concession at what was then Bangkok’s primary international airport, Don Mueang.
Since then the company has grown, often drawing controversy, by monopolising duty-free retailing at most of the nation’s major airports and launching online.
In June 2016, King Power bought a 39 per cent stake in Thai Air Asia, becoming the airline’s second largest shareholder.
King Power has an estimated 7000 employees across Thailand and operates in several international markets. Srivaddhanaprabha personally had an estimated net worth of US$4.9 billion according to a Forbes calculation last year, ranking him Thailand’s fifth richest person.
King Power is largely controlled by Srivaddhanaprabha’s family, with his wife Aimon and all four children Aiyawatt, Voramas, Aroonroong and Apichet, holding executive roles in the business.
Outside corporate life, Srivaddhanaprabha was passionate about football, buying Leicester City in 2010 and Belgian club Oud-Heverlee Leuven last year. Leicester City caused an upset in 2016 winning its first English Premier League title ahead of favoured rivals. In his home country, Srivaddhanaprabha is credited with developing the sport at youth level.
He was also an active polo player, who owned the VR Polo Club in Bangkok and served as president of the Ham Polo Club in London. He played in the same team as Princes Charles, William and Harry.
According to UK media reports, Srivaddhanaprabha regularly commuted to home games using his helicopter, to and from his Berkshire estate.
In a statement confirming his death, Leicester City Football Club said “the world has lost a great man”.
“Leicester City was a family under his leadership. It is as a family that we will grieve his passing and maintain the pursuit of a vision for the club that is now his legacy.”
King Power opens downtown Phuket store King Power Group relaunches Bangkok complex Lancome Bangkok pop up a fantasy wonderland Thai airport duty-free monopoly to be preserved
News, Slider, Stores, Thailand, Travel Retail
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More Than 300k Servers Still Threatened by Heartbleed
by Nick Kolakowski June 23, 2014 2 min read
Open SourceSecuritySoftware
When security researchers unveiled the “Heartbleed” security bug in April, it kicked off a worldwide freak-out.
For years, the online world had operated on the assumption that OpenSSL was a secure protocol, trustworthy enough for people to use it for everything from email to financial transactions; thanks to Heartbleed, however, an attacker with a moderate level of programming knowledge could exploit a loophole to grab anything from passwords to encryption keys.
Click here for security jobs.
Following the announcement, developers around the world rushed to patch their systems. But according to a new blog posting from Errata Security’s Robert David Graham, who’s monitored that patching effort since Heartbleed was first announced, the rate of website fixes has steadily declined over the past few months. Earlier this year, it took four weeks for the number of known Heartbleed vulnerabilities to drop from 600,000 to 300,000 systems—but that number’s remained largely unchanged for the past two months, with at least 309,197 systems still open to attack.
Graham believes that people have simply stopped patching the vulnerability. “We should see a slow decrease over the next decade as older systems are slowly replaced,” he wrote. “Even a decade from now, though, I still expect to find thousands of systems, including critical ones, still vulnerable.” He’ll continue to check periodically over the next several months and years.
While many prominent companies rushed to patch the Heartbleed vulnerability soon after its announcement, it seems likely that thousands of smaller systems remain open to attack. Unfortunately, this might contribute to the rash of security breaches that have bedeviled commercial websites of late. For Web users, the only possible remedy is one that seems tiresomely familiar at this point: Keep changing your passwords on a regular basis, and monitor your online life for any signs of possible hacking.
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CloudPassage Pushes Authentication for Cloud Servers
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New Cisco Certifications Demonstrate Continued Increase in Security Opportunities
Riot Games Will Pay You $25,000 to Quit
Avoid This Fatal Error on Your Resume
One Response to “More Than 300k Servers Still Threatened by Heartbleed”
Guy Rich June 24, 2014
Well it’s NOT affecting System Z servers
Nick Kolakowski
Nick Kolakowski has written for The Washington Post, Slashdot, eWeek, McSweeney's, Thrillist, WebMD, Trader Monthly, and other venues. He's also the author of "A Brutal Bunch of Heartbroken Saps" and "Slaughterhouse Blues," a pair of noir thrillers.
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WIZARD OF ZERO POINT
Tom Bearden: Wizard of Zero Point - Scalar Energetics & the Paranormal in Paranoia Magazine
"Concerning matter, we have been all wrong. What we have called matter is energy, whose vibration has been so lowered as to be perceptible to the senses. There is no matter."
by Iona Miller, 5/2007
"There is an Unborn, Unoriginated, Uncreated, Unformed. If there were not this Unborn, this Unoriginated, this Uncreated, this Unformed, escape from the world of the born, the originated, the created, the formed would not be possible." ~Buddha
Void Out
Microphysics wizard, Col. Thomas E. Bearden knows the secret of creation. This remarkable engineer has worked in the space program and science intelligence. But his claim to fame comes from free energy research. He is the master of Nothing. He resonates with Nothing. Like any good magician, he can theoretically produce anything out of thin air—in fact, the thinnest air, a pure vacuum.The dynamic vacuum and its emanations are the unintegrated center of 21st Century physics. Focus is on the threshold where nothing becomes something, the elusive interface of psyche and matter. This light speed target is Zero Point Energy (ZPE), which hints that maybe we can get something for nothing by turning the Void inside out.
Unlike top-down mathematically based quantum theories, Bearden’s bottom-up physics matches our experience of this 4-D universe. Bearden’s vacuum theory also accounts for psychoenergetic phenomena, intentionality, and subtle energies. It is a way universal spirit might enter dense matter, crossing the Mystic Veil, the boundary of the metaphysical and physical.Tom Bearden is among the main proponents of Tesla tech in the world today. Nikola Tesla claimed, “Electric power is everywhere present in unlimited quantities and can drive the world's machinery without the need of coal, oil, gas, or any other of the common fuels.”In1891, Tesla described how the aether “behaves as a fluid to solid bodies, and as a solid to light and heat,” and that under “sufficiently high voltage and frequency,” it could be accessed, implying free-energy and anti-gravity technologies. Channels of least resistance exist to translate from one dimension to the other.
This power resides in an omnipresent infinite sea of negative energy potential. The secret life of subspace reveals an unseen radiant potential living in the resonating gaps of existence.Probability is highest at resonance. The buffeting of the vacuum fluctuation knocks out an observable photon, shifting the quantum gearbox from virtual energy up to quantal level energy.The mystic threshold has been crossed.Nothing Becomes SomethingThe microcosm of the living vacuum is a coherent organization of spacetime structure.
Time itself is compressed energy. “Free energy” emerges from a strong gradient, a negentropic scalar pump, an eternal fountain of cosmic creative energy. Vacuum fluctuation means observable emissions of light rapidly decay back into their zeropoint and then infinitely repeat the photon emission process. This relentless process is almost hypnotic in its appeal.But, let’s not just stare transfixed into The Abyss. Let’s jump into it, because our very survival depends on it. Perhaps the single most important frontier is energy science, the development of cheap, clean energy sources as an alternative to greenhouse gas producing forms of transportation and production.
“Let’s do NOTHING.” has been the credo of suppression of these technologies since Tesla’s time. It is now imperative this type of research is allowed to proceed, even against corporate greed.Bearden reiterates that, “At any point and at any time, one can freely and inexpensively extract enormous EM energy flows directly from the active vacuum itself.” But like understanding this new physics, it is easier said than done. Tom has tried to correct fuzzy thinking by pointing out that zero point energy is not energy from the vacuum.
Massless observable radiant energy is often confused with nonobservable virtual vacuum fluctuation. So, don’t expect to comprehend just how it works right away. Let these notions sink in gradually and take root as the realization of your own essential nature. Perhaps you’ll find the effects or applications easier to understand than the concepts behind it.
When is a wave not a wave? When it’s a scalar or energy precursor, point intensity. A scalar potential, like ripples in a pond, either increases or decreases at each and every focal point throughout spacetime, including inside our bodies. Zero-Point Energy (ZPE) is observable; virtual vacuum fluctuation is nonobservable.Matter boils into and out of existence. In this reiterative process the virtual becomes the observable. Subquantal disordered virtual state fluctuations of the vacuum is the groundstate of existence.
Vacuum fluctuation of virtual photons is the universal hum, the OM of the cosmological constant.“Let there be Light.” Potentials in the vacuum are primordial causal agents creating force fields as effects of their interference during virtual photon flux. Charge emits measurable photon energy.ZPE charge becomes observable emission. Real EM photons (quanta of light) are emitted from that charge and spread into 3-space at light speed.Coherent integration implies continuous creation from virtual state energy input.
Harmonic sets or series of wave/antiwave pairs form the scalar potential. Internally dynamic scalars essentially pump negentropy or increased order and information into existence as energy and/or mass.In Synergetics,
Buckminster Fuller called this cosmic pumping energy Cosmic Zero, described as the nexus of quantum jitterbugging of the Vector Equilibrium Matrix. Forces are enfolded in the vacuum that can be unzipped into manifestation. Artificially produced scalars can affect everything from our minds to the weather. This physics has even been used as a model of paranormal phenomena, healing and clandestine warfare.Open Sesame of Subspace“Passage of an electromagnetic wave through the vacuum leaves an invisible trace.
The vacuum "imprints" everything that happens in it. This imprint is electrogravitational; i.e., the imprinting process structures the substructure of vacuum spacetime [the artificial potential of vacuum].” ~Tom BeardenBearden has been promoting this largely suppressed science for decades, going public with reports for the Psychotronic Assn. (USPA) in the 1970’s. Scalars are described as dynamic quantities, which have magnitude but not direction, like vector waves.
The vacuum ground state is not devoid - not completely empty, but seethes with impermanent virtual particles and fields.The flow of mass, and our own mass, through time is generated by the ubiquitous interaction of photons with the mass. This is so for both virtual and observable photons. Mass moves through time by integrating virtual photons, and absorption/emission of observable photons/biophotons. The internal dynamic flow of time has infolded sublevels and engines that pump up the quantum field effects to breech the mystic threshold of observability.
Scalars exist only in the vacuum of empty space, including that between our own atoms. Tesla called this form of negative energy, radiant energy. This new physics has been called ether physics, scalar physics, virtual physics, plenum physics, scalar electromagnetics, energetics and psychotronics.By whatever name,
Bearden’s main points remain. 1). Nothing contains Everything; 2). we can get something for nothing, and, 3). we are locked into a war of paradigms, against which we must protect ourselves, mentally and physically.Bearden 0.0Like any seasoned magician or wizard, Tom Bearden’s crowded hyperspace closet contains more than ordinary skeletons. The future isn’t what it used to be in this negative-time reversed paradigm: It is the Bizarro World of materially unstable ghosts, sasquatch, UFOs, ETs, ultraterrestrials, angels, demons, imps, and overunity, which can all bleed into and out of normal reality.
The virtual blueprints of everything that ever was or will be, as well as the powers of mind linkage, mass mind control and healing are locked in this universal zip drive.But the bornless domain of this uberspace isn’t in a parallel dimension, so “where” is it? The potential is “everywhere all the time” at right angles to normal reality, in the orthorotated fabric of subspace. There is quantum crosstalk between being and nonbeing. Ordinary and sometimes nonordinary “things” wiggle through ripples and ruptures in the spacetime manifold.When massergy enters 3-space, it becomes entropic, while the negentropic potential remains unmanifest as its sustaining force.
When negentropy manifests, it’s entropy crosses the mystic veil into nonobservability. The generative signal wave is always negentropic, instantaneously reordering previously scattered energy without requiring input energy.So, the void isn’t empty. It just doesn’t contain physical matter. To illuminate ourselves, let’s look behind the Mystic Veil between the observable and nonobservable – the truly metaphysical which is literally “beyond physics.
”Metaphysical Ground Zero
"Nonexistence is eagerly bubbling in the expectation of being given existence....For the mine and treasure-house of God's making is naught but nonexistence coming into manifestation." ~Rumi
The essence of Being is Nonbeing. What IS-IS, but it is undergird by what isn’t. The Heart Sutra insists that all form is inherent in the void, and the void is the root of all form. Ether physics is the science of radiant energy, of virtual particle flux. “Aether” means “shine” in Greek. Light literally matters.Radiance is the fundamental reality of such an unseen, fluidlike source of universal energy. Thus, it is the hallmark of the world’s secret mystery schools. Greek philosophers such as Pythagoras and Plato discussed it at length.
Sanskrit Vedic scriptures call it “prana” and “Akasha,” or “rigpa.”The Qigong model calls it “chi” or “ki,” or “mana,” with special emphasis placed on its interactions with the human body in martial arts and acupuncture. Adepts of this tradition learn to manipulate energy, allegedly creating miraculous events, such as levitation, teleportation, bilocation, manifestation, instant healing, telepathy and other spiritual powers.
Initiates have stressed the need to “raise your vibrations” for thousands of years. Currently, energy medicine emphasizes holistic self-care of the energy body – the body electric -- for longevity, health and healing. New treatments for the EM fields of the body with low intensity lasers and other forms of coherent light and sound are multiplying. The energetics approach of scalar therapies is touted as the basis of radionics affecting us at the field, quantum and biochemical levels.
The mindbody is electronic, but it is rooted in the scalar luminosity of its invisible ground. Living systems are very sensitive to changes in tiny energy fields and resonance phenomena, both locally and remotely. Imbalances can lead to degenerative disease that can be corrected through Energy Medicine.
In this nonlocal model, bioenergetic distance healing is possible through pumping additional energy into the system, creating resonance and modulating electrically charged molecules. Any kind of field can be turned into any other kind of field by precise time synchronization. Healers use the Quantum Vacuum (QV) to facilitate order and coherence as a preventive measure.
Healing is a self-organizing emergent process. Our experiences become embodied in our structure, emotions and behaviors. Correcting imbalances and distortions in the energy field facilitates harmonization of subsystems, allowing the cells to work together, instantaneously and symphonically.
Fierce Luminosity
All biological processes are a function of electromagnetic field interactions. EM fields are the connecting link between the world of form and resonant patterns. EM fields embody or store gestalts, patterns of information. Biochemical action and bioelectronic action meet at the quantum-junction.
The body is both formed by and generates bioscalars and biophotons that both condition and signal its health.Our two brain hemispheres constitute natural scalar interferometers (or “engines”) actuating scalar fields. These fields possibly couple to the subtle anatomy of the body like chakras, acupuncture meridians or fields of the heart.
Our bodies are essentially “frozen light” as is everything else. This light is transduced from the vacuum by the holographic blueprint of our DNA, which acts as a cymatic projector employing biophotonic light and creative sound (phonons) to read and manifest our genetic code. (Gariaev; Miller).
The distinction between a living and nonliving system is simply the fact that the living system deterministically uses the inner EM energy channels inside scalar potentials. And those EM potentials are centered on the atomic nuclei of atoms comprising the living system's molecules, cells, tissues, and mass.The mind/brain/body problem can only be solved by looking at this interior energetics, or we will never understand life, memory, personality or thought. The vacuum potential, a hidden internal EM energy channel, is the primary channel of biological control as well as human intent.
“Now you see it; now you don’t,” in the transitory world of the cosmic House of Mirrors. Disordered virtual energy can be turned into ordered observable EM energy. Matter is a small ripple on the seething ocean of virtual energy potential. Everything that ever existed or can exist is already potentially there in the nothingness of space, which contains all of being.
The Tao is an empty vessel;
it is used, but never filled.
Oh, unfathomable source
of ten thousand things!
Oh, hidden deep but ever present!
I do not know from whence it comes.
It is the forefather of the gods.~ Lao Tzu ~Tao te Ching
"Every charge in the universe already freely and continuously pours out EM energy in 3-space in all directions, without any observable EM energy input. That is the well-concealed source charge problem, known but ignored by the leaders of the scientific community for a century.” ~Tom BeardenThe universe feeds on time. It exists by continuously extracting EM energy from the vacuum. Wave-like scalar potential stresses and curves or warps spacetime. Superposition of bidirectional waves gives rise to a standing wave or stationary wave, which still fluctuates up-and-down in potential. A system on which a standing wave precisely fits is called a resonant system.
What appears as empty space actually is a dynamic domain of immensely coherent and radiant “zero-point energy.” Scalars are ripples in the fabric of spacetime itself. Matter is a small wave or ripple on the top of this cosmic ocean and life is an even rarer form.As electromagnetic beings, we naturally tap the negentropic potential of our source field. We share that essence. Our bodies are complex modulations of frequencies embedded in greater fields of modulation. We are standing waves in spacetime.
ZERO POINT is never directly observed as physical experience. This is reflected, perhaps, in mystical thought by the occult axiom, "I am Isis; no man hath lifted my veil." We can see no deeper into nature than fluctuating fields of energy, which constitute the constant background motion. All that is, is in motion. But it is sustained by the ground state or “cosmic zero.” Random scalar energy is always present in the environment.
The Root of Negative Existence
Qabalah describes the emanation of all and everything from the Three Veils of Negative Existence: Ain, Ain Soph, and Ain Soph Aur. It describes the archetypal, mental, emotional and physical bodies of mankind from this energetic foundation. Qabalist, Paul Foster Case described it, metaphysically:
“Zero is a symbol of the absence of quality, quantity, or mass. Thus it denotes absolute freedom from every limitation whatever. It is a sign of the infinite and eternal Conscious Energy, itself No-Thing, though manifest in everything. It is That which was, is, and shall be forever; but it is nothing we can name. Boundless infinitely potential, living light, it is the rootless root of all things, of all activities, of all modes of consciousness. In it are included all imaginable and unimaginable possibilities, but it transcends them all. The Qabalists call it: (a) No-Thing; (b) The Boundless; (c) Limitless Light. Pure Conscious Energy, above and beyond thought, to us it is Superconsciousness.
”Psychologically, the vacuum symbolizes the distinction between primordial awareness and the phenomena of mind. Empty awareness facilitates resonance with refreshing cosmic patterning. It allows us to go offline to the phenomenal and “reboot” our systems by drawing on the eternally nourishing source of our being.In more current terms, organized systems exhibit resonances. Resonances lead to synchronized oscillations, harmonized systems.
Oscillations represent time cycles during which changes may be introduced. Such changes may dampen or amplify the existing oscillations. Alternatively, they may create new resonances and excite new sets of oscillations. The more complex the system, the greater the likelihood of introducing change into the system during any given cycle. Hence the exponential growth of order or information.
Dimensionless virtual/actual particles vibrate across time, forming two-dimensional waves.Interaction of these waves creates holograms, which oscillate across time in various geometric shapes. In turn, they move about in all four dimensions like invisible ductwork energy tunnels. As shaped energy becomes increasingly ordered into evolving patterns of evolving patterns, it begins to manifest electromagnetically as matter.
Remembering the Future
Trying to garner the attention of future generations of scientists, Bearden has generated a great deal of interest in the potential for extracting zero-point energy from the energetic vacuum potential. He calls it Overunity.In the past couple of decades, virtual particle flux has gained scientific acceptance, becoming less mysterious. Potentials can have observable effects on charges even when no fields are present. The potentials are the cause and the fields are the effects.
Bearden says, “A longitudinal wave is a time density oscillation,” vibrating in the time domain with zero frequencies. Subtle energies check and balance one another in null summation.Oscillations of the local curvature of spacetime were originally described by Nikola Tesla and Paul Dirac. British physicist Dirac called the vacuum a seething ocean of infinite energy potential, but Tesla engineered applications of non-Hertzian electric waves for wireless transmission.
Real world EM vector fields can be assembled by interfering scalar potentials, and likewise, scalar fields are created by destructively interfering vector fields in a nonlinear medium.Technological applications engineer the primordial vacuum, which is called subspace or hyperspace, whether you take a bottom-up engineering view or top-down mathematical view. Like the matter/antimatter polarity, time also has a negative flow, time reversal.When we dive deeper than the microphysical level of the frequency domain, only the time domain remains, and dynamics become enfolded.
Negative frequency equals time reversal. Zero-time is the reference point of our 4-D existence. The universe is a rogue wave pumped up from zero to macroscopic proportions.Nothing Doing“When it appears in the seething vacuum, and while it fleetingly exists, a particle (such as a photon) is totally ordered. Although the entire vacuum or a large region of it statistically is disordered, each individual temporary virtual particle is totally ordered while it fleetingly exists.” ~Tom Bearden
The modern vacuum is a fiercely bubbling inferno of fleeting particles. The vacuum has no fixed lengths or rate of time flow, per se. The stress of the vacuum is a sort of conglomerate potential “pressure,” where the individual stresses of various types of particles, if integrated by external means, sum into the overall stress (pressure). Variation of the stress of vacuum between two points in a frame represents a “curved spacetime” or “accelerated frame.” The stress energy of the vacuum means “fragments” of energy, more subtle than electromagnetic energy, turn against themselves and lock into a “vector zero summation.” Two out-of-phase waves travel together as a zero-vector pair; the component waves are “in-phase spatially, out-of-phase in the time dimension”.
One of the two waves in each pair is a time-reversed or phase-conjugate wave, a coupled longitudinal EM wave/antiwave pair forming a scalar (time-polarized) wave for that interacting fraction. Time is energy compressed by a factor of c-squared. So it has the same energy density as mass. This zero-point energy of the vacuum is an incredibly dense structure of virtual electromagnetic energy, even at zero degrees absolute.
Summary: In a continuous creation, the center of the universe is everywhere and it is a seething cauldron of potential. Everything, every thing, manifests from the temporal interaction with the local nonlinear vacuum of spacetime. The interaction of time and negative time extracts massergy from the limitless ocean of roiling subspace. It manifests the temporal potential of force and form in each and every instant at each and every point of being and our being and becoming.
War of WorldviewsYou may be perplexed by now just how scalar physics can affect you in the “real world.” Potentially, we can build devices that help us alter gravity, time, inertia, and the apparent mass of an object, patterning spacetime with electrogravitic energy.Bearden describes “killer apps” that make scalars relevant to us all. Unobservable potential can be transduced and tapped for energy or creating mass.
There are methods of direct engineering of virtual particles at a distance, including the formation of virtual and observable charges at a distance. Bearden claims scalar tech has been used for nefarious purposes by nation states and criminal factions at the global level. Psychotronic (scalar) weapons, weather war, mass mind control, nonlocal communications, healing and psi are among the phenomena investigated by multiple intelligence agencies, worldwide.
Outrageous lists of scalar disasters can be found on Bearden’s site and in his books, most notably Fer-de-Lance (1986-2003), Excalibur Briefing (1980-1988), and Oblivion, America at the Brink.Weather engineering using high tech scalar interferometers (Tesla Howitzers) includes manipulation of the jet stream, droughts and floods, intentional amplification of earthquakes, tsunamis, hurricanes and volcanoes. North American weather has been engineered for over a decade by means of scalar interferometers, and that HAARP is likely (among other things) an attempt to combat that ongoing weather war rather than to initiate a new one.
Machiavellian applications include freezing time, precursor robot wars, dudding missiles, manipulating the nature of mind, artificial life, mind conversion, mass hypnosis, synthetic telepathy, AIDS biological warfare and EM disease propagation. Heat, cold, explosions, implosions, light phenomena (glowing orbs), destruction of electronics, human sickness or instant death, and even psychological phenomena can be created in the minds of those in the target zone.
Physical symptoms of scalar attack include headaches, nausea, dizziness, stomach and intestinal difficulties, weakness, loss or upset of equilibrium, arthritic symptoms, excess fatigue syndrome, various chronic pains and aches, rashes, etc.Chernobyl, downing of shuttle Challenger and submarine Thresher, USS Scorpion, Bright Skies, Yellowstone caldera, HAARP, Woodpecker, antigrav and antimatter drives, etc.
Medical Engineer, Eldon Byrd affirmed that “images can be projected directly into a human brain from a distance using the 'scalar' component of a weak magnetic field.”If Tom had his way, he would cure us of disease and the energy crisis and protect us from the horrors of mass mind control and unbelievably powerful weapons.
Finding Your Zero-Point
Hopefully, in the future, the new paradigm of scalar physics will be employed for the benefit of humanity. All that is universal is contained in our human essence for we are not separate from that, or one another, or our environment. We are all embedded in the unified cosmic field. All lifeforms are multidimensional virtual vacuum engines.
Mathematician, Charles Muses describes the nature of our embodiment: “Actually our bodies are like fountainsThe fountain has a shape only because it's being renewed every minute, and our bodies are being renewed. So we are standing waves; we are no exception.” [virtual dipoles].
Visualizations, such as the qabbalistic Middle Pillar Exercise are designed to pump negentropy, as a fountain of light, into the practitioner. It is a means of bringing free energy into our systems for quantum wellness. Such meditations help us recalibrate ourselves from our own personal zero point or renewable energy.
Muses describes time as the master controller that cuts through the entire physical universe and holds all of space together, though not necessarily in each point of space. Time is, therefore, bigger than space. Wisdom traditions contend there is a fundamental unity between the universal mind and the cosmos itself -- including the unfolding of time.
Certain ancient and modern spiritual technologies are said to confer extraordinarily longer lifespans on their practitioners. Often yogis, lamas and masters appear far younger than their chronological age. They attribute these youthful qualities to their meditation practice. To meditate is a regenerative therapy in which we “die daily” into the unconditioned state and are instantaneously reborn anew.
Trauma locks up energies in the body, and the self image can become "frozen" and inhibit growth of the personality. This image can be de-structured or liquefied, eliminating the old holographic pattern, and returning all elements to a chaotic state. From this chaos, the new image automatically emerges in regenerated form.
This death/rebirth is healing, and may be the mechanism of the placebo effect.Self-image is locked up in identification with a multi-sensory image of self. It conditions the body and its state of health. The process of detachment from one's body, emotions, thoughts, and even the notion of self is a way of dis-identifying with the old outworn model, and creating a nonlocalized impression of oneself as identical with universal consciousness.
Healing is the psychophysical equivalent of creativity. Creativity is embodied inspiration and imagination. To the extent we intentionally commune with the source of infinite peace, love, health, bounty, and oneness we encourage their manifestation in outer reality.
The stability of matter itself is mediated by zero-point fluctuations (ZPF) of the electromagnetic field. In each and every nano-instant, we a reborn at the birthplace of matter, much like a refreshing screen and therefore have the potential to reform utterly, instantaneously. There is infinite healing potential in the undifferentiated creative energy, radiant wholeness.
Bearden, Tom
Website http://cheniere.org
Excalibur Briefing (1980-1988)
Energy From the Vacuum: Concepts and Principles (2002)
Free Energy Generation (2006)
USPA Articles:
Col. Thomas E. Bearden
Soviet Psychotronic Weaponry (1978) B8
Soviet Psychotronic Weapons, Parts 1 & 2 (1979) C14, 15
Mind and Matter Interaction (1980) D9
Single Human Problem and Its Psychotronic Solution (1981) E15
The Fourth Law of Logic and Suppression of Nikola Tesla (1981) E2
Toward a New Electromagnetics (Tesla Waves) (1982) F16a
New Electromagnetics: Where the "Old Math" Took the Wrong Turn (1983) G33
Update on Soviet Psychotronic Weapons (1984) H12
Soviet Weather Warfare Over North America (1984) H15a
Soviet Weather Engineering Over North America (1985) J14ab
Foundations of Scalar Electromagnetics (1985) J4ab
Introduction to Tutorial Day of Tesla Physics (w/ Elizabeth Rauscher) (1985) J1a
Update on Soviet Psychotronic Weather Engineering and Weapons (1986) K40a-d
AIDS, Urgent Comments on Mankind's Threat (read by Henry Monteith) (1987) L25a
Maxwell's EM Quaternion Was a Unified Theory of EM/Gravity (1988) M25ab
Update on Scalar Electromagnetics: New Breakthroughs (1989) N17ab
Action at a Distance: The Fundamental Mechanism of Radionics (1990) P14ab
Phase Conjugation in Psychotronics (w/ Henry Monteith) (1992) R13ab
The Theory of Over Unity Devices (1999) Z17ab
Fuller, Buckminster, Synergetics,
Miller, Iona (2003), “Quantum Bioholography,” JNLRMI, Vol. I, No. 3. http://www.emergentmind.org/MillerWebbI3a.htm
Miller, Iona (2007), “Virtual Physics” http://virtualphysics.50megs.com
Miller, Iona (2006), “My Zero Point” http://myzeropoint.50megs.com
Miller, Iona (2006), “Photonic Human” http://photonichuman.50megs.com
Miller, Iona (2006), “DIY Mind Control” http://mindcontrol.chaosmagic.com
Iona Miller is a nonfiction writer for the academic and popular press, hypnotherapist (ACHE) and multimedia artist. Her work is an omnisensory fusion of intelligence, science-art, chaos theory, plenum physics, and emergent paradigm shift melding experiential psychotherapy, new physics, biophysics, paramedia, philosophy, cosmology, healing, creativity, qabalah, magick, metaphysics, and society. Rather than having an interest in specific doctrines, she is interested in the EFFECTS of doctrines from religion, science, psychology, and the arts.
SCALAR WAVES
By Tom Bearden
NEW ENERGY NEWS, July 1998
What I call “scalar waves” are pure longitudinal EM waves (LW). Per a nice paper by R. Ziolkowski, whenever an EM wave starts to form, both the transverse and longitudinal waves start to form. However, the transverse wave has a function, which cancels the longitudinal wave. So if that function persists, we get the familiar EM wave. Now when we cancel the normal wave, we cancel the component that had cancelled the LW. So we get out a LW.
A normal old EM wave is comprised of photons (or so we can consider it, if we wish). Now a photon is a piece of angular momentum. So it’s a piece of energy welded to a piece of time, with no seam in the middle, so to speak.
What the “pieces of energy” represents, in the dynamic oscillating wave, is a dynamic oscillation of the energy density of 3-space. Now here physics does an odd thing. It just ignores the dynamics of all those “time pieces”. In other words, not only is the spatial energy structured and dynamic, but so is the flow of time (I discovered the mechanism that generates the flow of time when I was at grad school at Georgia Tech). Physicists just visualize the “observer time” flowing smoothly, and ignore the fact that the EM wave carries time dynamics as well as energy dynamics.
When you make what is CALLED a transverse wave you ignore (or have a component that cancels) that time-density variation. That is a normal transverse wave; considered as an oscillation of the energy density of three-dimensional space, with a structureless, free-flowing time stream.
When you make a longitudinal wave, by definition it cannot vary the energy density in 3-space. That is fixed. So it can only vary the time-density dynamics. In other words, a longitudinal EM wave is a time-density oscillation. That is, it oscillates the rate of flow of time itself, about some steady median value.
We cannot measure time; we see that as a spatial change. So we observe it as a velocity-modulated wave. It seems to be increasing and decreasing its speed about some median speed. That’s what I have been calling a scalar EM wave. It is now recognized in the literature.
A pure longitudinal EM wave has infinite energy and infinite velocity. We don’t make those. Instead, we make a pseudo-longitudinal wave; i.e., a “pretty good” longitudinal wave that still has some low-level transverse component.
A pseudo-longitudinal EM wave has finite energy and finite velocity, but its velocity may be less than or greater than the velocity of light in free space. When it’s subliminal, it’s called an “EM particle”. Nimtz and his colleagues have also transmitted Mozart’s 40th symphony down a waveguide at speed 4.7c, and clearly listened to it on the other end. This blows the tar out of the old saw that “information cannot be transmitted superluminally”. In fact, quantum tunneling has been known to permit superluminal communication, for some decades.
When Maxwell wrote his theory, everyone (all 35 or so of the good electrodynamicists; that’s all there were!) assumed the material aether (a material fluid filling all space). In other words, they thought that there was no place in all the universe that was devoid of mass. Period. So all the EM entities are DEFINED as mass entities: Electrodynamicists today do not actually have anything to say – anything at all! – about the form of EM entities in mass-free space. Even the scalar potential’s magnitude at a point is defined as the energy in joules collected upon an intercepting point Coulomb at that point. In other words, they have confused the magnitude of the water-collected in/on a standard bucket from a raging river, as the magnitude of the water in the river at the dipping point! The scalar potential itself isn’t even a scalar entity! It’s a multiwave, multivector entity. It’s a bunch of bi-directional rivers of EM energy, flowing in both directions at once. Of course, how much of that flow is diverged by (collected upon) an intercepting Coulomb, is a scalar value! But that has nothing to do with the magnitude of the potential itself, just the magnitude of how much is dipped from it by a standard bucket.
So EM theory is thoroughly and seriously flawed, from the ground up.
Now let’s see what happens when you transmit and receive a signal (simplest case).
First, in the transmitter you perturb the Drude electron gas, which being embedded in a violent interaction with the active vacuum, perturbs the active vacuum. In other words, the mass perturbations in turn perturb the spacetime. Then that SPACETIME perturbation propagates to the receiver, where it interacts with the waiting Drude electrons, perturbing the Drude gas (the mass).
Rigorously, we have a MASS-TO-SPACETIME TRANSFORM, followed by a SPACETIME-TO-MASS TRANSFORM. Neither of those appears in electrodynamics.
Instead, by assuming the material there in the space, Maxwell and others assumed a MASS-TO-MASS TRANSFORM (INTERACTION). As we saw, what he wrote actually consists of two hidden transforms, the mass-to-ST transform and the ST-to-mass transform, in serial order.
The vacuum/spacetime is just a big old scalar potential (an active virtual particle flux, and a very intense one). It is comprised of longitudinal EM wave pairs, by Whittaker 1903. By Whittaker 1904, those vacuum perturbations (spacetime perturbations) are just two potential functions – each of which is just LW functions. So the entire thing in the vacuum is just a bundle of LW functions.
Now here’s the giant leap in physics, a real revolution! We always told you that scalar waves were electrogravitational. And so they are.
Look at the two “hidden transforms” that are really involved. Well, they are nothing but just Wheeler’s general relativity principle! In short, “mass interacts upon spacetime to curve it, and curved spacetime interacts back upon mass to move it or form forces.
So INFOLDED INSIDE MAXWELLIAN ELECTRODYNAMICS HAS ALWAYS BEEN FULL GENERAL RELATIVITY! But a really marvelous GR.
Between two electrons, the E-force is on the order of 1042 times as strong as the weak G-force. So since the EM force is used in this case as the agent of ST curvature, this is a far, far more powerful GR force and ST curvature than is made by the weak little G-force that the astrophysicists mostly track, and have to go to the stars, lots of cumulated mass, etc. in order to get enough ST curvature to measure. For that reason, gravitation has remained a non-laboratory science.
By making the proper assembly of LWs, we can alter spacetime directly, and powerfully, because we are using a far, far larger ST curvature force than the physicists now ordinarily use. And we can engineer it on the bench, or in devices.
Think of any effect on matter that you desire. Anything at all. In GR terms, that effect requires the formation of “vacuum engines” or “spacetime engines”, -- i.e., inter-nested clusters of ST curvature. Those vacuum engines/spacetime engines are precisely what can be built by assembling and using longitudinal EM waves.
I’m in process of filing a long tech paper to the U.S. patent office, followed by several patent applications. Want to transmute elements? Just flip one quark in one nucleon, and bingo! You have an isomer (either one element up the chain, or down it). You can make multiple jumps, etc.
In cold fusion, e.g., what is REALLY going on is the inadvertent formation of such ST engines. Now time waves are not shieldable by Faraday cages. So they go right through the electron shells, into the atomic nuclei. Get the picture? Now you can put specialized EM-GR fingers right down into the nucleons, etc. Since there are lots of H ions, H3O ions, etc. in a liquid, the possibilities for “nuclear engineering” with determinism rather than staid old random statistics, is breathtaking. Those fellows are getting lots of new nuclides, without yet controlling the basic action, which is electro-nuclear, but in the new sense I just described.
So, if you’ll just substitute the more modern term “longitudinal EM wave” for the term “scalar wave”, and realize that you are in an engineerable electro-gravitational theory, you will have it in a nutshell.
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Keeping Spirits High
On the frontlines, it’s the little things that make a big difference. With your support, ISF has been providing much needed headlamps to IDF units working in the Gaza tunnel infrastructure. These headlamps have provided them the ability to move and see hands-free – a priceless ability when working in small spaces riddled with unknown environmental factors.
In addition to the headlamps, ISF has been investing in the collective morale of these same IDF units. The soldiers were beyond enthused when they received this specially made IDF logo challah bread. The bread serves both as an encouragement and testament to the work these soldiers are doing and reminder of what the IDF stands for: a sword wrapped in an olive leaf. The heart of the Israeli people is first to choose peace and diplomacy. Only after those avenues fail is the sword revealed.
Operation Protective Edge has given opportunity for many Israelis, secular and religious, to practice their faith on the battleground. Already, there have been numerous miracles observed and spoken of – from mists appearing out of nowhere to cover the soldiers’ movements to rockets seeming to have been “swatted” out of the air when headed towards an highly populated area. Chabad volunteers have been visiting soldiers on the frontline with tefillin and prayer books. ISF sponsored the purchase of this traveling Torah “ark”, a case that allows the soldiers to bring the Torah – the Word of God – with them into battle.
We wish to extend a HUGE thank you to our donors. Your dedication is bringing a sense of support and connectedness to the soldiers defending Israel. By extension, YOU are helping to defend Israel. We will continue to keep you updated as the operation progresses.
As always, if you have friends or family with a heart for Israel, you can direct them to make donations by visiting our website and clicking on the donate button: http://www.israelsupportfund.org/. We also accept donations by money order and check. See the Contact Us page for our mailing address: http://www.israelsupportfund.org/ContactUs.html.
Tagged IDF, ISF, Israel, Israel Defense Forces, Operation Protective Edge, צוק איתן
Donation Dollars at Work
As ground operations continue in Gaza, ISF is providing supplies to volunteers to package and distribute to soldiers on the front lines. It’s simple things: fresh underwear, socks, food, water, and toiletries, but they mean a lot to those who wouldn’t otherwise have them. Thank you! Thank you to our donors who are giving and thank you to the volunteers who are giving of their time and energy to support our troops in a small, but immensely influential way. We pray that the conflict will be over soon, but more than anything we pray that Yah will lead Israel forward in whatever He wills.
If you have friends or family who want to help but aren’t sure how, visit our website for more information on donating: http://www.israelsupportfund.org.
Am Yisrael Chai
Tagged Am Yisrael Chai, Donations, IDF, Israel, Israel Defense Forces, nonprofit
Do you remember the drills we used to do in school? It’s funny to think that a desk could protect us from a bomb or radiation, but it’s the best schools could do to advise protection at short notice. Thankfully, we never had a real emergency drive us under our desks. The children in Israel will never be able to say that. This picture was snapped by a friend of ISF when a rocket was shot from Lebanon (yes, they are coming from all sides) into Israel. Here, the children are diving under a bench to “duck and cover” like we were taught to do.
When looking at pictures like this, it’s hard to know what to do. How can you help from so many thousands of miles away? Please pray. Donate. Spread the word. Don’t believe all the news you read. Currently, there are a number of petitions being assembled to challenge the U.S. tax dollars that are funneled to the Palestinian Authority – and are now paying for the rockets that are being rained down on the children of Israel. Sign the petition. Talk to your friends. As Edmund Burke once said, “All that is necessary for the triumph of evil is that good men do nothing.” Let it not be said that we sat by and did nothing.
Tagged Children, IDF, Israel, Israel Defense Forces, Israel Support Fund, Rocket Attacks
Hello ISF Family,
We are proud to announce that, just in time, you helped us finish raising the money for the Tanach project. Yah be praised! Very soon the Tanachs will be packaged and distributed to the IDF. We have pictures and a more formal thank you email coming. In the meantime, receive our gratitude and applause for your timely and greatly appreciated response.
-ISF
Tagged IDF, Israel, Israel Defense Forces, Tanach, Tanakh
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New Territory
Vol. 4, No. 1 Dean Terry Whiteside
Development Director Kristin Wells
University Editor Drew Ruble
Art Director Kara Hooper
University Photographers Kimi Conro, Andy Heidt, J. Intintoli, Eric Sutton
Contributing Editor Carol Stuart
Contributing Writers Allison Gorman, Gina K. Logue, Vicky Travis
University President Sidney A. McPhee
University Provost Mark Byrnes
Vice President for Marketing and Communications Andrew Oppmann
Even as our college dives into new territory by starting the construction of a new classroom building that will unite a good portion of our disciplines, we remain true to the common theme that binds our six departments together. Criminal Justice Administration, Human Sciences, Health and Human Performance, Nursing, Psychology, and Social Work all work toward and strive for happier, healthier people and healthier communities. In this issue of the CBHS magazine, Outcomes, you will learn about the new building (scheduled Dean Terry Whiteside to open its doors in 2020) and how it will be a game-changer for the three departments (Criminal Justice, Psychology, Social Work) that will have classroom and lab space within its walls. The lab space that will be available for all of our disciplines will allow an even greater number of our students to participate in groundbreaking research—part of what makes MTSU tops in many fields. One of those top programs is our Industrial/ Organizational Psychology program, which just received a No. 1 ranking from the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology. You also will learn about some of our talented alumni and faculty who are making a difference in neighborhoods both big and small. You will see how CBHS can take us from the fashion runways of New York City to studying and teaching Nutrition and Food Science in the farthest reaches of the globe. The common theme of our college ties our practitioners and professionals together, working toward the greater goal of developing human potential. Our focus areas, each in a uniquely different way, strive for excellence in teaching, service, and research, while making the world a better place. Now, more than ever, the college needs your help to continue these efforts. Join us in supporting our students, faculty, and departments as we strive for even better outcomes for the students of the future. Please feel free to contact the college with questions or observations at 615-898-2000 or via email at kristin.wells@mtsu.edu for our new development director.
0218-2417 Middle Tennessee State University is an AA/EEO employer and does not discriminate on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, disability, or age in its program and activities. The following person has been designated to handle inquiries regarding the non-discrimination policies: Executive Director of Institutional Equity and Compliance, 1301 E. Main Street, CAB 220, Murfreesboro, TN 37132; 615-898-2185; Barbara.Patton@mtsu.edu. 1,620 copies printed at Falcon Press, Nashville, Tenn. Designed by Middle Tennessee State University Creative and Visual Services.
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Outcomes 2018
Expanding the College: MTSU and the state combine funds for a much-needed new academic building for the College of Behavioral and Health Sci...
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In a Survivor first, 10 ultra-fans of the series will take on 10 former castaways to compete as Fans vs. Favorites. The two tribes will be marooned amidst the Rock Islands of Palau, Micronesia. The skills of the former castaways will be put to the test while the tribe of first-time competitors will see if their enthusiasm and passion for the game is enough to distinguish them as worthy competitors. Who will prevail to become Sole Survivor?
Survivor, Season 16: Micronesia - Fans vs. Favorites
© 2008 CBS Corp
Survivor, Season 20: Heroes vs. Villains
Survivor, Season 17: Gabon - Earth's Last Eden
Survivor, Season 31: Cambodia - Second Chance
Survivor, Season 32: Brains vs. Brawn vs. Beauty
Survivor, Season 34: Game Changers
Survivor, Season 13: Cook Islands
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How Hackers Steal Your Business Data
Massive Virtual Reality Theme Park Opens In China
Drive.ai will launch an autonomous ride-hailing service in Texas
World Password Day is May 3rd, so this is a perfect time to examine your cybersecurity strategy. What makes your business vulnerable? Hackers have many tactics they can use to infiltrate your network, and small to medium-sized companies are often the easiest to hack. Here are four ways hackers steal data:
1) The Guessing Game: Passwords and PINs
Passwords and PINs are meant to protect you, but could they actually be putting you at risk? We all know that we need to change our passwords frequently, and avoid using common or obvious phrases and keywords. Today, features like Touch ID and facial recognition are useful because the user does not have to remember a complex password, and the hacker has greater difficulty stealing that complex data. Many of our passwords are simply too easy to guess. Some of the contents of our most common passwords, like a maiden name or birthday, are easily exposed during data breaches. Other hints can be found on our public social media profiles. For example, does your employee’s Instagram account have a picture of his or her dog with the name mentioned in the caption? Now the hacker knows to try different variations of the pet’s name. Complex passwords and two-factor authentication are good defenses against these guessing games but are no guarantee.
2) The Digital Disguise: Phishing Attacks
In phishing and spear phishing attacks, users in your network receive communications like emails or page redirects, which are designed to look like trusted organizations. These methods are known for tricking users into giving up sensitive information like credit card details or social security numbers. Hackers even create falsified login pages that look like banking institutions or other trusted organizations. Once a user has inputted a password into one of these false login pages, other accounts may become vulnerable because of the tendency to reuse passwords. These attacks typically rely on creating a sense of urgency, oftentimes by tricking victims into thinking an account has been compromised and immediate action must be taken, in order to recover the account.
3) Imposter Syndrome: Social Engineering
Hackers are using social engineering tactics to further exploit the tried and true human error. Have you ever heard of the Tech Support Scam? This is a common attack in which a caller poses as someone from Microsoft Tech Support and convinces the recipient to grant remote access to their device. Posing as someone from a trusted organization, the caller acts concerned and sympathetic about the user’s cybersecurity issues, building on the false trust they gained through name recognition to infiltrate their device or network. Social engineering tactics are not limited to remote attacks; they can even include a physical infiltration of an organization’s IT infrastructure. In this scenario, someone may come to the office and pose as an external IT partner there to perform maintenance.
4) Personal Problems: Human Error
The overarching theme of each hacking tactic outlined here is a strong reliance on human error. Even with well-trained and well-meaning staff, mistakes are inevitable. These days, as your employees get smarter, unfortunately so do the hackers. The hacking arsenal continues to grow more sophisticated, and it can be challenging to keep up with the latest tricks. That’s where Managed Services Providers, or MSPs, come in.
Outsourcing your cybersecurity operation to an MSP makes great business sense. While most small organizations do not have the resources to build sophisticated IT security systems, Integritek has the scale and expertise to protect your operations and sensitive data. We also offer best-in-class cybersecurity protection because your IT infrastructure is too important to settle for less. By partnering with us, you will have trusted experts in your corner if disaster strikes. Contact Integritek today and be ready for whatever hacking tactics come your way.
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Home Technology What Facebook Privacy? Candidates’ Tough Talk Is Just That
What Facebook Privacy? Candidates’ Tough Talk Is Just That
Politicians in Washington are fond of ripping into Facebook for its privacy practices. The latest round of excoriation came last week after the company revealed its ambitious plan to create a worldwide cryptocurrency called Libra. “Facebook is already too big and too powerful,” tweeted US senator Sherrod Brown (D-Ohio), “and it has used that power to exploit users’ data without protecting their privacy.”
Senator Josh Hawley (R-Missouri) told Yahoo Finance that he wouldn’t trust Facebook with his money. “I don’t trust Facebook with anything,” he said.
Just one problem: Despite their professed concerns with Facebook, both senators’ campaign websites—sherrodbrown.com and joshhawley.com—have an invisible piece of Facebook technology, called a pixel, that tracks when anyone visits their homepages and shares this information with Facebook. Hawley’s website even shares when visitors donate and the exact donation amount. Facebook can then associate that information with an individual’s Facebook account.
Brown’s office did not respond to a request for comment, and Hawley’s office, when reached by WIRED, did not respond to questions.
Brown and Hawley are hardly alone in sharing their website visitors’ data with Facebook in this manner. Over the past two months, I surveyed the official campaign websites of 535 US politicians. As of June 14, 81 sitting US senators, including Brown and Hawley, have Facebook tracking pixels embedded somewhere on their campaign websites; 31 of them send exact donation amounts. As of last Friday, at least 176 members of the House of Representatives also have the Facebook pixel on their campaign homepages. And almost every 2020 presidential candidate uses this kind of tracker, too, including President Donald Trump.
Hamdan Azhar is a data scientist and journalist based in New York.
And this should be underlined: Facebook’s pixel technology, which is meant to help target Facebook ads to visitors, must be approved by websites on which it operates. These politicians—or at least their campaigns—have actively signed up to allow Facebook to track their visitors.
Why does this matter? Politicians of both parties today claim to care about our privacy, and many of them have positioned themselves as ardent critics of the intrusive role of big tech companies in our lives. Yet, when it comes to their own campaigns, a significant number of them are sharing our web browsing data with Facebook, using computer code buried on their websites. With Facebook having become a core part of the modern political campaign apparatus, can we really trust politicians when they claim that they will be the ones to defend our privacy and protect us from Facebook?
How Facebook Tracks You Across the Web
In recent years, public concern around privacy and Facebook has focused on the data we willingly share with Facebook on its social media platforms—status updates, photos, comments, likes—and how Facebook in turn shares that data with third parties. But Facebook’s tracking of our online behavior is far more widespread, extending to millions of other websites.
One way Facebook does this is with the Facebook pixel, a piece of computer code that a website owner embeds into their site. Whenever you load a website containing a pixel, the pixel immediately sends information back to Facebook, including date, time, URL, and browser type. Facebook can match that data with your Facebook profile.
But a pixel can capture much more information, depending on how it is configured by the website owner, like logging when a visitor adds items to a shopping cart or searches for something. Website owners don’t have access to the raw data generated by the pixel, which is sent directly to Facebook’s servers for temporary storage and processing, but they can use it to run more targeted Facebook ads and measure their effectiveness. For example, an ecommerce company might want to show ads to people who visited its site and left without completing a purchase (this is called retargeting). Or a nonprofit might want to solicit donations from non-donors who have behavioral and demographic characteristics similar to those who have previously donated (using Facebook Lookalike Audiences). Or an elected official might want to measure whether people who see their Facebook ads are more likely to make a campaign donation on their site.
What We Found
81 US senators use Facebook pixels somewhere on their campaign site.
31 senators share exact donation amounts with Facebook.
176 US representatives have Facebook pixels on their campaign homepage.
Nearly all 2020 presidential candidates uses Facebook pixels on their campaign sites.
Facebook rolled out its pixel feature to all advertisers in 2013. I first became familiar with pixels—and with digital advertising in general—while working at GraphScience, an advertising technology startup. In 2014, I joined Facebook as a data scientist working on advertising research, a position I held until 2016, when I left to work at a blockchain technology startup. But you don’t need to work at Facebook to study pixels. My analysis here is based solely on publicly available data, and in reporting this piece, I used the publicly available Facebook Pixel Helper Chrome extension to inspect websites for Facebook pixels.
When you sign up for a Facebook account, you agree to having your data collected this way under Facebook’s Terms of Service. But when other websites and apps install tracking technology like the pixel, the company says, “Facebook uses cookies and receives information when you visit those sites and apps … whether or not you have a Facebook account or are logged in.” While Facebook users can control whether the company shows them ads based on this data, and users can also opt out of receiving these ads through the Digital Advertising Alliance’s YourAdChoices program, there is no Facebook privacy setting that turns off tracking altogether. For concerned users, the best option might be a more privacy-focused web browser or VPN.
Of course, Facebook isn’t the only company that is tracking users across the internet. Plenty of web services use similar technology, and for a variety of reasons, like measuring traffic. (WIRED uses a number of trackers on its site, too, including the Facebook pixel.)
Disclosures about such tracking are often buried in websites’ privacy policies, with users having limited ability to genuinely opt out and not be tracked. While internet users can turn on their browser’s “Do not track” settings—which sends a signal to websites saying, well, do not track me—websites don’t have to listen to this request. For example, the privacy policy on President Trump’s campaign website states: “With respect to ‘do not track signals,’ we currently do not take action in response to these signals, but if a standard is established and accepted, we may reassess how to respond to these signals.” The Trump campaign did not respond to WIRED’s request for comment. In May, Hawley introduced to Congress the “Do Not Track Act,” which is precisely an attempt to establish a standard “Do not track” signal and to put the enforcement power of the Federal Trade Commission behind it.
Back to the Politicians
This is why I was so surprised to find the Facebook tracking pixel embedded in Hawley’s website, the same Hawley whose office, in a press release just last month, called him a “top critic of big tech’s data collection practices.” And as I mentioned, Hawley is in good company given that some 80 percent of his Senate colleagues have embedded Facebook tracking pixels somewhere on their campaign websites. (All of the data presented in this analysis is available in this spreadsheet and also on GitHub.)
There was also something of a partisan gap, with 90 percent of Republican senators (47 of 52) having Facebook pixels installed on their websites, compared with 73 percent of Democratic senators (33 of 45). Among the two independent US senators, Bernie Sanders—who did not respond to a request for comment—has a pixel on his website, while Angus King does not.
I also attempted to make the minimum possible donation on each of the senators’ campaign websites (usually $1). Among the 96 US senators to whom I was able to donate, 61 had embedded Facebook pixels on their donation confirmation pages.
This means that when Facebook user Becky makes a donation on Hawley’s campaign website, the Facebook pixel there immediately and automatically shares with Facebook’s servers that a user matching Becky’s profile has made a donation. Digging deeper, 31 US senators, including Hawley, had configured the pixels on their donation confirmation pages to include the exact donation amount in the data they sent back to Facebook.
Senators are not alone in their embrace of Facebook pixels. Among the 425 sitting US representatives whose campaign websites I was able to locate, I discovered Facebook pixels on 176 of those sites’ homepages, or 41.4 percent. (Two seats are currently vacant, and I could not find campaign websites for eight other members.)
I also examined the official campaign websites of 2020 presidential candidates, including President Trump as well as the 20 Democratic candidates just approved by the Democratic National Committee to participate in the first debate scheduled for later this week.
President Trump’s campaign website has Facebook pixels on its homepage and also shares exact donation amounts with Facebook. Among the 20 Democratic candidates, 19 have a Facebook pixel either on their homepage or on their donation confirmation page. The sole exception is former HUD secretary Julian Castro: Although he doesn’t have Facebook pixels on his home page or his donation confirmation page, he does have them elsewhere, including on his email list sign-up form and on his store. Thirteen of the 20 Democratic candidates share exact donation amounts with Facebook.
Many of these politicians often speak critically of Facebook in public, but, buried in invisible lines of computer code, they are engaging in widespread sharing of their constituents’ data.
While she was still a member of the House last year, for example, Senator Marsha Blackburn (R-Tennessee) compared Facebook to the Truman Show, “where people’s identities and relationships are made available to people that they don’t know, and then that data is crunched and it is used, and they are fully unaware of this.” Her campaign website has a Facebook pixel on both the homepage and the donation confirmation page. Democratic senator Ron Wyden of Oregon is another outspoken Facebook critic and has called for the FTC to hold CEO Mark Zuckerberg personally responsible for privacy violations. Wyden, too, has a Facebook pixel on his campaign homepage. Neither senator responded to WIRED’s request for comment.
Federal political committees do need to collect certain information from donors in order to comply with campaign finance laws, including the names, addresses, and occupations for individuals who contribute more than $200 in an election cycle. That information gets publicly disclosed in reports submitted to the Federal Election Commission. But the use of that information is also regulated by the government, which says that it “shall not be sold or used by any person for the purpose of soliciting contributions or for any commercial purpose.”
Those regulations don’t apply to data collected by Facebook. The use of that data is instead governed by the company’s own policies. Pixels fall under its so-called Business Tools terms, which says Facebook won’t share that data with third parties without permission, unless the company is required to do so by law. Facebook also says it does not use pixel data to place Facebook users into interest segments that other advertisers can choose to target. The company requires anyone using a pixel to provide “clear and prominent notice” of its data collection and sharing on the site.
There is also something concerning about a private company having detailed browsing records for hundreds of thousands or even millions of people—a concern that lawmakers have expressed repeatedly. In testimony before Congress last year, Mark Zuckerberg tried to reassure them. “On Facebook, you have control over your information. The content that you share, you put there. You can take it down at any time,” he said. “The information that we collect you can choose to have us not collect. You can delete any of it.”
The CEO clarified later in the hearing that web browsing history is treated a bit differently. “Web logs are not in Download Your Information,’” Zuckerberg said. “We only store them temporarily. And we convert the web logs into a set of ad interests that you might be interested in those ads, and we put that in the Download Your Information instead.” Facebook also says it de-identifies pixel data after an initial period of time.
Shortly after those hearings, Facebook announced a still–forthcoming Clear History tool that will enable users to delete Facebook’s record of their browsing history. But as of now, there seems to be limited independent oversight of Facebook’s ability to store pixel data and use it however it pleases.
Facebook has become a core part of the modern campaign apparatus for politicians who use the social networking site to broadcast their messaging, solicit donations, announce events, recruit volunteers, and more. Politicians also spend heavily on Facebook advertising. The advertising analysis and consulting firm Borrell Associates estimated that $1.4 billion was spent on political digital advertising in 2016, and it projected that number to hit $3.3 billion in 2020.
Moreover, politicians’ sharing of this data with Facebook is purely elective and is not “necessary for the operation of the website, service, or application,” which is the primary exception included in Hawley’s proposed Do Not Track Act. Rather, this sharing is for the sake of optimizing targeted advertising so that these politicians can increase their reach, raise more money, and ideally win more votes—with seemingly little regard to implications for their constituents’ privacy.
If we cannot trust our elected officials to protect data their constituents provide to them on their own websites, how can we trust them to protect the data of hundreds of millions of Americans on the most widely used platforms in the world?
HAMDAN AZHAR is a data scientist and journalist based in New York. From 2014 to 2016, he was a data scientist working on advertising research at Facebook. The contents of this article are based solely on publicly available information.
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How accurate is approximating the Earth as a sphere?
What level of error do I encounter when approximating the earth as a sphere? Specifically, when dealing with the location of points and, for example, the great circle distances between them.
Are there any studies on the average and worst case error compared to an ellipsoid? I'm wondering how much accuracy I'd be sacrificing if I go with a sphere for the sake of easier calculations.
My particular scenario involves directly mapping WGS84 coordinates as if they were coordinates on a perfect sphere (with the mean radius defined by the IUGG) without any transformation.
coordinate-system distance spherical-geometry datum accuracy
Jeff BridgmanJeff Bridgman
Are you specifically interested in a spherical model or are you interested in ellipsoid models? I imagine that the amount of error would vary greatly between a sphere and an ellipse. – Jay Laura May 15 '12 at 18:30
A related analysis appears in this reply. To obtain an answer to your question, though, you need to specify how the earth is approximated as a sphere. Many approximations are in use. They all are tantamount to giving functions f' = u(f,l) and l' = v(f,l) where (f,l) are geographical coordinates of the sphere and (f',l') are geographical coordinates of the ellipsoid. See Section 1.7 ("Transformation...of the ellipsoid of revolution onto the surface of a sphere") in Bugayevskiy & Snyder, Map Projections, A Reference Manual. Taylor & Francis [1995]. – whuber♦ May 15 '12 at 18:44
This is akin to the early debate over the Google/Bing EPSG 900913 projection (which uses WGS84 coordinates but projects tham as if they were on a sphere) and the errors probably account for EPSG initially rejecting the projection until giving in to pressure from developers. Without want to overly distract you, following up on some of this debate can add some additional breadth to the information in excellent link provided by whuber. – MappaGnosis May 15 '12 at 19:40
@Jzl5325: Yup, I meant a strict sphere and not ellipsoid, edited the question to provide a bit more context too. – Jeff Bridgman May 15 '12 at 19:49
I think you should read this: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haversine_formula – longtsing Apr 17 at 2:51
In short, the distance can be in error up to roughly 22km or 0.3%, depending on the points in question. That is:
The error can be expressed in several natural, useful ways, such as (i) (residual) error, equal to the difference between the two calculated distances (in kilometers), and (ii) relative error, equal to the difference divided by the "correct" (ellipsoidal) value. To produce numbers convenient to work with, I multiply these ratios by 1000 to express the relative error in parts per thousand.
The errors depend on the endpoints. Due to the rotational symmetry of the ellipsoid and sphere and their bilateral (north-south and east-west) symmetries, we may place one of the endpoints somewhere along the prime meridian (longitude 0) in the northern hemisphere (latitude between 0 and 90) and the other endpoint in the eastern hemisphere (longitude between 0 and 180).
To explore these dependencies, I have plotted the errors between endpoints at (lat,lon) = (mu,0) and (x,lambda) as a function of latitude x between -90 and 90 degrees. (All points are nominally at an ellipsoid height of zero.) In the figures, rows correspond to values of mu at {0, 22.5, 45, 67.5} degrees and columns to values of lambda at {0, 45, 90, 180} degrees. This gives us a good view of the spectrum of possibilities. As expected, their maximum sizes are approximately the flattening (around 1/300) times the major axis (around 6700 km), or about 22 km.
Relative errors
Contour plot
Another way to visualize the errors is to fix one endpoint and let the other vary, contouring the errors that arise. Here, for example, is a contour plot where the first endpoint is at 45 degrees north latitude, 0 degrees longitude. As before, error values are in kilometers and positive errors mean the spherical calculation is too large:
It might be easier to read when wrapped around the globe:
The red dot in the south of France shows the location of the first endpoint.
For the record, here is the Mathematica 8 code used for the calculations:
WGS84[x_, y_] := GeoDistance @@ (GeoPosition[Append[#, 0], "WGS84"] & /@ {x, y});
sphere[x_, y_] := GeoDistance @@
(GeoPosition[{GeodesyData["WGS84", {"ReducedLatitude", #[[1]]}], #[[2]], 0}, "WGS84"] & /@ {x, y});
And one of the plotting commands:
With[{mu = 45}, ContourPlot[(sphere[{mu, 0}, {x, y}] - WGS84[{mu, 0}, {x, y}]) / 1000,
{y, 0, 180}, {x, -90, 90}, ContourLabels -> True]]
whuber♦whuber
What a badass answer @whuber – Ragi Yaser Burhum Dec 10 '12 at 19:44
I've explored this question recently. I think people want to know
what spherical radius should I use?
what is the resulting error?
A reasonable metric for the quality of the approximation is the maximum absolute relative error in the great-circle distance
err = |s_sphere - s_ellipsoid| / s_ellipsoid
with the maximum evaluated over all possible pairs of points.
If the flattening f is small, the spherical radius which minimizes err is very close to (a + b)/2 and the resulting error is about
err = 3*f/2 = 0.5% (for WGS84)
(evaluated with 10^6 randomly chosen pairs of points). It is sometimes suggested to use (2*a + b)/3 as the spherical radius. This results in a slightly larger error, err = 5*f/3 = 0.56% (for WGS84).
Geodesics whose length is most underestimated by the spherical approximation lie near a pole, e.g., (89.1,0) to (89.1,180). Geodesics whose length is most overestimated by the spherical approximation are meridional near the equator, e.g., (-0.1,0) to (0.1,0).
ADDENDUM: Here's another way of approaching this problem.
Select pairs of uniformly distributed points on the ellipsoid. Measure the ellipsoidal distance s and the distance on a unit sphere t. For any pair of points, s / t gives an equivalent spherical radius. Average this quantity over all the pairs of points and this gives a mean equivalent spherical radius. There's a question of exactly how the average should be done. However all the choices I tried
1. <s>/<t>
2. <s/t>
3. sqrt(<s^2>/<t^2>)
4. <s^2>/<s*t>
5. <s^2/t>/<s>
all came out within a few meters of the IUGG recommended mean radius, R1 = (2 a + b) / 3. Thus, this value minimizes the RMS error in spherical distance calculations. (However it results in a slightly larger maximum relative error compared to (a + b) / 2; see above.) Given that R1 is likely to be used for other purposes (area calculations and the like), there a good reason to stick with this choice for distance calculations.
For any kind of systematic work, where you can tolerate a 1% error in distance calculations, use a sphere of radius R1. The maximum relative error is 0.56%. Use this value consistently when you approximate the earth with a sphere.
It you need additional accuracy, solve the ellipsoidal geodesic problem.
For back of the envelope calculations, use R1 or 6400 km or 20000/pi km or a. These result in a maximum relative error of about 1%.
ANOTHER ADDENDUM: You can squeeze a little more accuracy out of the great circle distance by using μ = tan−1((1 − f)3/2 tanφ) (a poor man's rectifying latitude) as the latitude in the great circle calculation. This reduces the maximum relative error from 0.56% to 0.11% (using R1 as the radius of the sphere). (It's not clear whether it's really worth taking this approach as opposed to computing the ellipsoidal geodesic distance directly.)
cffkcffk
Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged coordinate-system distance spherical-geometry datum accuracy or ask your own question.
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Dividing a geographic region
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find latlngs that are some x distance away from a point to south to north to east to west
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Fast(est) way to detect if point is in range of another point? (Geographic Coordinates)
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Home › Praise Report
Tasha Cobbs’ Advice For New Brides: ‘You Don’t Have To Prove Anything’
Written By Ed Powell
Source: Terry Wyatt / Getty
Gospel singer Tasha Cobbs married musical director and producer Kenneth Leonard in March and is now offering advice to single women and new brides.
In a recent social media post the 35 year old spoke about her wedding and offered advice for women entering into marriage.
“True Story: I NEVER wanted a ‘wedding.’ I always knew that I would be married, but I was just always turned off by the fanfare surrounding weddings,” Cobbs said on Facebook Friday. “I grew up in a home with both of my parents. Daily, I witnessed the epitome of a Godly marriage.”
The songstress said the while her parents had their ups and downs, they exemplified Christ to her and her brother and were a great example to follow.
source: JEANNIE LAW , CHRISTIAN POST REPORTER
Tasha Cobbs’ Advice For New Brides: ‘You Don’t Have To Prove Anything’ was originally published on praisecleveland.com
Also On Joy 107.1:
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I Get Why People Hate Cars
David Tracy
Filed to: WrenchingFiled to: Wrenching
Photo: AP/Carlos Osorio
“I hate cars.” I never thought I’d understand why someone would string those three words together. Now, after trying to comfort a frustrated friend who got slammed with a huge repair bill, I totally get it. But it doesn’t have to be that way.
As someone who’s devoted his professional and recreational life to cars, I always try to figure out what could possibly drive people to detest automobiles. After talking to lots of car-haters, it seems one of the main factors causing people to deride these wonderful machines is that feeling of vulnerability as they wait for the mechanic to “tell them the damage.”
Photo: LM Otero/AP
See, every now and then, I get a call from someone I haven’t spoken to in years. “I’m sure he’s calling just to catch up and definitely not because he needs something from me,” I lie to myself before picking up.
After some brief pleasantries, the person usually gets to the crux of the matter: “So Dave, there’s this noise coming from my car, and the shop wants [insert insane number here] to fix it. What do I do?”
The conversation usually ends with me telling the friend what I think is wrong, and the person groveling in self pity because he’s at the mercy of a shop. I always feel bad, not just because the person only calls me when he needs answers (just like the college days), but mostly because this person sees cars as just a gigantic pain in ass—and that’s not how anyone should feel about cars (though I occasionally feel that way myself).
The Tale Of The Crappy Jeep Compass
What got me thinking about this topic was a call this morning from an actual friend who was feeling down and wanted to tell me what was on her mind. My friend had just taken her Jeep Compass in for inspection, and it failed miserably. What should have been a $20 check up resulted in a $1,200 bill.
The mechanic told her the car had an exhaust leak, a power steering pump that was “on its way out,” and a bunch of other issues that would wreak havoc on her pocketbook.
My friend told me how she felt backed into a corner with no way out. There’s so much money involved here, and, because she doesn’t know anything about cars, she’s just trusting some random guy with a wrench.
She has to believe the shop’s diagnosis and that the price is fair, knowing full well that the mechanic has strong financial incentive to up-sell and give improper diagnoses. “This makes me want to not have a car; just move to New York City. I hate cars.”
That last line broke my heart.
But I get it. When everything seems to be going fine, you go into a shop and get slapped with an unexpected bill that seems arbitrarily high. And you’ve got no way to know if the shop is being honest. You feel defenseless.
Next thing you know, you’re checking out your bank account, and a heavy bead of sweat drips down your forehead as you wonder how you’re going to keep your car on the road and pay all your other bills.
People hate cars because they fear them.
Making Rash Decisions
Photo: Alexander Zemlianichenko/AP
This feeling that they’re being taken advantage of often drives people to make rash decisions.
In the case of my friend, whose Jeep Compass—a total crap-can of a car, if we’re honest— now has a hefty $1,200 bill looming over its shoddily-built hood, that rash decision involves buying a different car.
The problem is, she realizes that even if she bought a newer used car, there are no guarantees that the car will be any more reliable than the DaimlerChrysler-era piece of shit she’s driving now, and she really doesn’t want to deal with the stress of car repairs anymore. Dropping $15,000 on a 2014 or 2015 vehicle, while not knowing if she’s going to be slapped with a nasty mechanic bill next month makes her feel very uneasy. And I can see why.
Which brought her to the idea of buying a new car, which she sees as her only real way out of the black hole that is the mechanic’s bay thanks to the new car’s warranty. But, of course, she doesn’t want to drop 30 grand, and she’d rather not go to some dealership and haggle with a guy who says bullshit like “let me talk to my manager” while he goes to walk around in circles in the broom closet.
Stop Buying Cars To Save Money
When some people start to encounter expensive issues with their current car, something odd often…
Plus, if we’re honest, all she’d be doing by buying a new car is biding time. In a couple years, she’d be back in the vulnerable situation, sitting in the mechanic’s waiting room, preparing to be hit with a bill that contains far more digits than she thinks is fair.
But it looks like that’s what she’ll end up doing. She’ll buy a new car, even if it’s not the best financial move. She, like many of my other friends (and anyone who leases a new car every few years), is willing to pay a premium to no longer have to deal with the stress of car repair shops.
Yeah, I totally get why people hate cars.
Cars break. They contain components like ball joints, tie-rod ends, tires, brake pads, wheel bearings—things that wear out over time. That’s just the way it is. And unless you know how to fix cars, you’re going to have to go into a shop, and you’re going to have to pay money. That’s life.
But that’s not the problem, here. The problem is that so many car owners (I’d venture to say the vast majority) feel helpless and vulnerable when they go to these shops, and that scares them away from car culture as a whole.
But the thing is, owners don’t have to feel like they’re being taken to the cleaner every time they get their cars checked out. There are things you can do to feel more confident.
Find A Decent Shop
The first thing you need to do is find a decent shop—one that is highly rated on internet sites like Yelp and Google reviews. If others like the shop, chances are, you will too.
And there are some decent shops out there—ones that make conscious efforts to prevent their customers from feeling like they’re being ripped off. These shops do this through transparency, which is always the name of the game when you want happy customers.
Many of these shops will gladly show you the old, worn part that came off your car, helping you feel at ease that the mechanic isn’t BS’ing you, and that the repair is warranted.
I talked with Automotive Authority, a shop near my house, and they acknowledged that the automotive repair business has quite a tainted reputation. But they told me about some of the things they do to make customers feel more at ease, including actually sending pictures and videos of worn out parts to customers.
The shop also says they try to be up front by giving customers a “worst case scenario” of what the repair might take, because no customer likes to see surprises on a repair bill.
Some shops will also walk you through their pricing structure (the hourly rate is usually market-driven) and how many hours it takes to complete each repair job (these are often standardized in “labor guide” software like Alldata and Reynolds.) So find a good shop that’s highly rated, and known for its transparency—that’s step one.
Get Educated About Cars
So finding a good shop is the obvious solution to the “vulnerable at the shop” issue, but owners themselves need make a conscious effort to learn about how their cars work.
Stop complaining about how ripped off you feel every time you go to the mechanic, when you haven’t even spent a moment trying to get smart on auto repair. I’m not saying you need to take a graduate level course in mechanical engineering, either—I’m saying you just need to learn the basics.
Even if the most honest mechanic hits you with a $1,200 bill, you’re naturally going to question the shop and feel like you’re being duped if you don’t know anything about how your car works. With some practice, you’ll be able to confidently go into that shop, look at the ball joint the mechanic has in front of your face, and say “You know what, that is a bad ball joint. Go ahead and fix it.”
So get on YouTube, talk to your mechanically-inclined friends (heck, bring them to the shop with you), post on internet forums, maybe even pick up a book from the library, and check out our wrenching posts on The Garage.
A little knowledge goes a long way towards learning not to hate cars.
Writer, Jalopnik. 1979 Jeep Cherokee Golden Eagle, 1985 Jeep J10, 1948 Willys CJ-2A, 1995 Jeep Cherokee, 1992 Jeep Cherokee auto, 1991 Jeep Cherokee 5spd, 1976 Jeep DJ-5D, totaled 2003 Kia Rio
Here Come the Boomers Who Are Mad About the Mid-Engine Corvette
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Reviews, February 2017
Where The Road is Dark and the Seed is Sowed
Parable of the Sower — Octavia E. Butler
Parable of the Sower, book 1
1993’s Parable of the Sower is the first volume in Octavia E. Butler’s Parable of the Sower duology. Here Butler explores a very American theme. From Huck Finn to the Joads ,from the Mormon pioneers to the Donners, from On the Road to The Road, nothing expresses the boundless possibilities of America like the road trip.
Lauren Olamina’s 2020s America is one that makes road trips challenging and eventful.
28 Feb 2017 / 0 Comments
You’re My Obsession
Nova — Samuel R. Delany
Samuel R. Delany’s 1968 Nova is a standalone science fiction novel.
Draco, an Earth-led alliance, and its youthful rival, the Pleiades Federation, dominate the human portion of the galaxy. Both powers dabble in the affairs of the recently settled Outer Colonies. Those hostile young planets harbor traces of the ultra-heavy element illyrion, an element essential to tech as diverse as faster-than-light drives and terraforming.
Until the Outer Colonies were settled, no natural sources of illyrion were known. Illyrion could only be produced by an expensive transmutation process. Cheaper illyrion has shifted the balance of power.
Lorq Von Ray has a bold scheme to alter the galactic political landscape yet again. He will double the aggregate stores of Illyrion in one daring voyage! All he and his crew need do is race into the heart of a star. An exploding star.
Left Of West And Coming In A Hurry
The Chaos — Nalo Hopkinson
2012’s The Chaos is a standalone young adult urban fantasy novel by Nalo Hopkinson.
Sixteen-year-old Sojourner Smith leads a far–from- perfect life; she knows it and she knows why. She’s too white to be black, too black to be white, and subject to her parents’ draconian discipline (the same inflexible standards that consigned her older brother to prison). School is something of a refuge: there, she is nicknamed Scotch and admired because she is pretty, flirtatious, and a star performer of the Raw Gyals dance troupe.
Of course, nothing is perfect, and there are a few problems even there. She’s fallen out with Raw Gyals troupe leader and former best friend Gloria. Scotch is convinced that Gloria has her eye on Scotch’s ex-boyfriend Tafari. Not what a real BFF would do.
Oh, and there’s Scotch’s new skin condition and the fact that she’s been seeing floating heads lately….
A night out with her older brother Rich sounds like a welcome respite from parents and school. Pity the Smith siblings picked the night all hell broke loose in Toronto 1 Welcome to the Chaos!
I’d Just Want Your Heart
Ward Against Death — Melanie Card
Chronicles of a Reluctant Necromancer, book 1
2011’s Ward Against Death is the first volume in Melanie Card’s Chronicles of a Reluctant Necromancer.
The meet-cute between Ward De’Ath and Celia Carlyle is an unpromising one. He is a branded criminal (thanks to his interest in the unsavoury surgical arts1); she is the daughter of a lord. Not only that, but when they first meet, Celia is quite dead.
Still, love will find a way. And if love doesn’t, necromancy definitely can.
The Things I Do in Rage
Devil’s Wake — Steven Barnes & Tananarive Due
Devil's Wake, book 1
2012’s Devil’s Wake is the first volume in Steven Barnes and Tananarive Due’s Devil’s Wake series.
It didn’t take long for the plague of angry ghouls to sweep across America, because to be bitten by one of the infected is to become one of the infected. There is no cure and there is no vaccine. The only reliable prophylaxis is preparedness or simple dumb luck.
Given enough time, even the prepared run into something unexpected. Given time, the best luck in the world runs out.
See All The Colours In Disguise
The Broken Kingdoms — N. K. Jemisin
The Inheritance Trilogy, book 2
2010’s The Broken Kingdoms is the second volume in N. K. Jemisin’s The Inheritance Trilogy.
Ten years after the world changed, blind artist Oree makes a living in the city of Shadow, once called Sky. Although enforcement of the god Intempas’ laws is far laxer for reasons those in charge decline to explain in detail, it would be very bad for Oree Shoth if she were to come to the attention of the Order-Keepers.
Bad enough she found a murdered godling. Much worse that the Order-Keepers know she found Role’s corpse.
Darkness! No Parents!
Batman: Blink — Dwayne McDuffie
Dwayne McDuffie’s 2015 volume, Batman: Blink, collects Legends of the Dark Knight issues #156-158 and #164-167, which were first published in 2002–2003. To put it another way, he has put together two related story lines: Blink and its sequel, Don’t Blink.
Women are being killed in horrific ways. But aside from the ugly nature of their deaths, there seems to be nothing that explains why these women were targeted or who has been targeting them. At least nothing that the police or Batman can see. Lee Hyland is the only surviving witness and the cops don’t expect he will be a useful one. Not because Lee is a career criminal—he has been careful to keep that a secret—but because Lee is blind.
Every Diamond Dream
Leo and Diane Dillon’s art — Leo Dillon & Diane Dillon
I would love to review “the complete collection of book covers illustrated by Leo and Diane Dillon” but as far as I can tell, such a volume does not exist. What do exist: The Art of Leo & Diane Dillon (1981) and To Every Thing There Is a Season: Verses from Ecclesiastes (1998). Collections I cannot review because 1) I don’t own either and 2) I’ve never seen either. I do not mind all that much, because the first collection does not seem to have been well-received and the second looks too, um, religious for my taste.
But the Dillons do have a special place in my heart and I would love to direct some attention their way. So I am going to talk about my favourite Dillon covers.
My enjoyment of their work began with this specific set of covers.
Inch By Inch, Row By Row
In the Company of Others — Julie E. Czerneda
To quote Julie E. Czerneda’s online bio:
Julie Czerneda is a Canadian author and editor whose first novel, A Thousand Words for Stranger, was published in 1997 by DAW Books. Since then, Julie has produced over a dozen more novels, edited fifteen anthologies, and written numerous short stories. Her work has won awards, consistently made bestseller lists, and garnered praise from readers and reviewers around the world.
As noted that same bio, Czerneda was a student at the University of Waterloo and thus she is fodder for A Year of Waterloo Region Speculative Fiction.
Czerneda’s 2001 Aurora Award-winner In the Company of Others is a stand-alone science fiction novel.
Interstellar exploration turned up dozens of worlds suitable for human occupation, given some well-thought-out terraforming. All that stands between humanity and endless frontiers is a bit of time, some ingenuity, will, and applied technology.
And the Quill. But the Quill on their own are enough to bring the space colonization effort to a sudden halt.
Listen, To The Sound From Deep Within
Dark Matter — Sheree R. Thomas
Dark Matter, book 1
Sheree R. Thomas’ 2000 anthology Dark Matter: A Century of Speculative Fiction from the African Diaspora delivers what it promises. One clarification, however: it is not a Resnickian collection of works about members of the African Diaspora but works by members of the African Diaspora.
Life Unfurls
Binti: Home — Nnedi Okorafor
Binti, book 2
2017’s Binti: Home is the sequel to Nnedi Okorafor’s Nebula and Hugo-winning Binti.
Binti has been a student at Oomza University for a year. It’s a year that has transformed her, both physically and mentally. Some of those changes were beneficial. Others, like her post-traumatic stress disorder, are not. Seeking an end to the nightmares, Binti returns to her home on Earth, in Africa, to participate in a healing pilgrimage.
Burnt the Fire of Thine Eyes
Blacula — William Crain
Blacula, book 1
Director William Crain’s 1972’s Blaxploitation horror film Blacula was the first (and most successful) of the two Blacula films. To quote Wikipedia, Blaxploitation
or blacksploitation is an ethnic subgenre of the exploitation film, emerging in the United States during the early 1970s. Blaxploitation films were originally made specifically for an urban black audience, but the genre’s audience appeal soon broadened across racial and ethnic lines.
Of course, films aimed at black audiences appeared almost immediately after the invention of film. What made Blaxploitation different is it was also marketed to white people. That meant Canadian television stations desperate for content bought the rights. Which in turn means I got to see an edited for TV in grainy black-and-white broadcast version of Blacula.
Determined to end the scourge of slavery, Prince Mamuwalde (William Marshall) appeals to a European aristocrat in the hopes the aristocrat will use his influence in the cause of anti-slavery. The African Prince is apparently quite poorly informed about European politics in the year 1780 because he has pinned his hopes on the benevolence of Count Dracula.
Dracula amuses himself by turning Mamuwalde into a vampire before sealing him in a coffin to starve undying for centuries. Mamuwalde’s unfortunate wife Luva is sealed in the same locked room with Mamuwalde’s locked coffin, starving to death as her helpless husband listens.
By 1972, Dracula is only a legend and nobody has any idea what’s in that sealed coffin.
A Spaceman Came Travelling
Salvage and Destroy — Edward Llewellyn
Douglas Convolution, book 4
Edward Llewellyn-Thomas (1917- 1984) had a long and interesting career. Two elements of that career warrant inclusion here. The first is that towards the end of his life, he began writing and publishing science fiction under the pen-name Edward Llewellyn. The second is that he was a Professor in the University of Waterloo’s Psychology Department, something I only discovered while reading his obituary in 19841.
1984’s Salvage and Destroy is the fourth book in his Douglas Convolution sequence.
The Ult have ruled the Cluster for millennia, ever since the Drin, former masters of the Cluster, made the terrible mistake of contacting the then-barbaric Ult. Extermination denied the Drin the chance to learn from their error; the Ult, now the most civilized of civilized races, remember how they came to power. They will never make the mistake of handing a youthful barbarian race the keys to the stars.
Their compulsively altruistic Ara cousins, on the other hand, could not leave well enough alone. Which gets us to the matter of the humans.
A Pretty Face Can Hide an Evil Mind
Buffalo Soldier — Maurice Broaddus
Maurice Broaddus’ 2017 Buffalo Soldier is a steam-punk western. It will be published in April.
Desmond Coke and Lij Tafari appear to be father and son, just a pair of migrant workers making their way across the Tejas Free Republic in search of employment. Jamaica and Albion’s agents know the truth: Lij is a treasure their master are determined to possess and Desmond is an impediment to be removed.
8 Feb 2017 / 0 Comments
Time and Mercy Is Out Of Your Reach
Racing the Dark — Alaya Dawn Johnson
Spirit Binders, book 1
Alaya Dawn Johnson’s 2007 debut novel Racing the Dark is the first of the Spirit Binders secondary world fantasy series.
The great elemental spirits leave chaos in their wake. Centuries before, the islanders dealt with them by binding the great spirits, death, fire, water and air, into forms abhorrent to the spirits but tolerable to the humans.
Born on a backwater island, Lana would have been content to be just another diver among many, talented but not remarkable. Instead, her rite of passage into adulthood marked her as extraordinary. She will be no mere diver. She will be a harbinger of doom.
The Three Musketeers — Alexandre Dumas
D'Artagnan Romances, book 1
Alexandre Dumas’ 1844 The Three Musketeers, originally published in French as Les Trois Mousquetaires, is the first of three D’Artagnan Romances.
The young Gascon aristocrat D’Artagnan sets out to find his fortune, armed with an elderly horse, his sword, a small sum of money, a letter of introduction to the Musketeers and some comprehensively bad advice from his father.
Just One Touch From Your Hands
A Taste of Honey — Kai Ashante Wilson
Kai Ashante Wilson’s 2016 A Taste of Honey is a stand-alone story set in the same universe as Wilson’s The Sorcerer of the Wildeeps.
Aqib’s life has been charted out for him. For his family to regain the status they lost when Aqib’s father was tempted by love to marry far beneath him, Aqib must marry well. This is a sacrifice his family is more than willing for Aqib to make.
Man plans, gods laugh.
Because You’re Mine
Plain Kate — Erin Bow
American-born Canadian by choice Erin Bow is a physicist turned novelist, whose work has won the TD Canadian Children’s Literature Award, the CBC Canadian Literary Award, for the poems that became Ghost Maps, the Monica Hughes Award twice, once for The Scorpion Rules and once for Sorrow’s Knot, the CLA Book of The Year for Young Adults for The Scorpion Rules. Shortlists include the Pat Lowther (for Ghost Maps), the Amy Mathers Award (for The Scorpion Rules) and currently the White Pine (for The Scorpion Rules) and the Sunburst (once for Plain Kate and once for Sorrow’s Knot). More details on Bow can be found at her website.
2012’s secondary world fantasy Plain Kate is a stand-alone young adult novel. Young adult fiction is a lot like juvenile science fiction, except that teens actually buy and read young adult fiction.
Plain Kate to her neighbours in the village of Samilae, Katerina Carver is beautiful to her doting father. She demonstrates a talent for wood-working as a toddler; in a better world she would have become her father’s apprentice as soon as she came of age. In the rather dismal world in which she lives, disease takes Kate’s father from her before he has a chance to give her the legal status of apprentice. The carver’s guild then steps in to take from Plain Kate virtually everything else her father owned.
Bereft of everything save her father’s tiny market stall, the clothes on her back, some tools and her skills, Plain Kate is forced into a hand-to-mouth existence.
The mysterious stranger will cost Plain Kate even that.
Where the Desolate Places Meet the Oasis
Dustland — Virginia Hamilton
Justice Cycle, book 2
1980’s Dustland is the second book in Virginia Hamilton’s Justice Trilogy.
Tom, Levi and Dorian’s psionic abilities are impressive but it took Justice to weld them together into the Unit, able to span time and space at will. There are limits.Although they can project their minds out of their home space-time, the Unit aways manifests in the same distant location. And what an odd location it is.
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Jason MacKenzie
Strategist, speaker, communications consultant, campaigner
Alternative facts, fake news, and filter bubbles – navigating the new(s) norm
Posted on February 6, 2019 March 9, 2019 by jasonmackenzie
‘Post-Truth’ was the Oxford Dictionaries Word of the Year in 2016. It’s a contemporary adjective for an ancient concept. It defines an era where facts carry less force than emotional appeals, and opinions can be shaped more profoundly by stories than by hard data.
Post-truth nestles well in our postmodern age, which denies the existence of universal truths. Objectivity is ditched in favour of an individualistic, egocentric focus on ‘my truth’ at the expense of a shared understanding of reality. Subjectivity prevails, virtue-signalling abounds, and digital and social media sucks us into echo chambers. The result? Our worldviews are reinforced and we become increasingly tribal, even myopic.
‘Fake news’ is a singularly unhelpful catch-all.
If post-truth is the canvas, ‘fake news’ paints the landscape. It’s all-pervasive, and it manifests in different forms and phrases, like ‘alternative facts’, which Kellyanne Conway used when debating the size of the crowd on the National Mall for President Trump’s inauguration. She later clarified that she was referring to an alternative perspective, not an alternative reality.
Are we inhabiting an Orwellian nightmare? Is this the new ‘Newspeak’? Will we ever be safe from manipulation and obfuscation? Possibly not. But there are ways to cut through this nefarious malaise and maintain clear thinking.
Firstly, we must realise that ‘fake news’ isn’t news at all. It’s the antithesis of news. Whilst there has never been absolute editorial integrity and impartiality, mainstream media still functions as a check and balance to the deluge of digital dross that swamps the internet. Cross-reference everything with credible sources. Step two – recognise that there’s nothing new here. In 1928, Edward Bernays was clear about the power of propaganda:
“The conscious and intelligent manipulation of the organized habits and opinions of the masses is an important element in democratic society… We are governed, our minds are moulded, our tastes formed, our ideas suggested, largely by men we have never heard of.”
Attempts to manipulate perception are as old as civilisation itself, but the rise of social media has dramatically increased opportunities for disinformation.
The third step is to be aware that social media algorithms serve us with more of what we ‘like’. There’s a danger that our Facebook timeline and Twitter feed become clogged with opinions that reinforce our worldview, creating filter bubbles of like-minded content, fuelling groupthink.
That’s the shallow end. The digital ghettos that cocoon our beliefs are concerning – but the growing potential for the weaponisation of information is altogether alarming.
Russian ‘click farms’ are propaganda factories packed with digitally-savvy operatives whose express intent is the destabilisation of Western democracy. They strive to achieve this by creating ‘sock puppet’ social media profiles to foment unrest and drive discontent in the public sphere. This is the thin end of the cyber warfare wedge, with full-blown hacking and distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks being both more blatant and less frequent.
So how do we navigate this information minefield with discernment? It’s important to understand why content is being created, by whom, and how it’s spread. It’s also vital to dive deeper into the nature of ‘fake news’.
First Draft News categorises fake news, ranging from (almost) innocent to downright devilish:
Satire or parody. Private Eye (for example) presents false, yet humorous stories as if true. Lots of internet memes also fall into this category.
False connection. A headline, photo, illustration, diagram or caption doesn’t match the content. This manifests itself across print and digital media, as clickbait, or sometimes through sloppy sub-editing.
Misleading content. Misleading use of information, for example presenting editorial comment as fact, framing an issue or individual in a inaccurate manner.
False context. Genuine content, shared alongside false contextual information.
Imposter content. The impersonation of genuine sources, like established news agencies.
Manipulated content. The distortion of genuine information or imagery, ranging from sensationalist headlines to doctored photos.
Fabricated content. Completely false stories and information.
Whether meddling in elections or simply messing with our minds, the media landscape is increasingly cluttered, chaotic and confusing. We’re faced with the challenge of sifting fact from fiction, making it ever more challenging for brands to cut through the noise with compelling corporate communication.
Good luck: it’s a (cyber) jungle out there.
Originally published at Nudge Factory.
Compelling corporate communications: proposition, positioning, perception, persuasion.
The business of branding: From vision and values to hearts and minds
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Tag Archives: Earl Bostic
THE SPECIAL FOR TODAY (AND FOREVERMORE)
or, in another guise:
Notice the composer credits: drummer Jack Parker and trumpeter Joe Guy, who has gained deep posthumous fame for being married to Billie Holiday for a brief period.
But we’re here to have some music. Music about food. What could be better?
The YouTube algorithm has linked this performance to Ben Webster and Sonny Rollins, but such things are mere trifles. Some listeners may move to dismiss this as a mere novelty, looking forward to rhythm and blues performances of thin material. But if we can resist the urge to categorize and condescend, it’s audible that this little band swings more — vocally at the start — than many more famous ensembles do in their highest gear.
The song was first recorded in 1941 by Al Cooper’s Savoy Sultans — a recording I’ve not heard. This performance (one take only) is led by Hot Lips Page, whose delighted spirit is audible throughout: Lips, trumpet and vocal; Earl Bostic, Butch Hammond, alto saxophone; Don Byas, tenor saxophone; Clyde Hart, piano; Al Lucas, string bass; Jack Parker, drums: September 29, 1944.
Now for eight bars of name-dropping. Circa 1974, several friends and I were invited to visit Ruby Braff at his Riverdale apartment. When I’m invited to a new place, I often look at the bookshelves and record collection. Ruby had several dozen of the then new Chiaroscuro recording — live at the New School — of the quartet he and George Barnes led. Leaning at an angle to the lowest bookshelf was an unsleeved copy of FISH FOR SUPPER on the 78 pictured above.
I am sure that Ruby admired the sound of that little band, the frolicsome energy of Lips Page. Or perhaps he warmed to the poetry: “We ain’t got no menu / But our fish will send you,” worthy of Robert Frost at his best.
Posted in "Thanks A Million", Bliss!, Generosities, Irreplaceable, It's All True, Jazz Titans, Mmmmmmmmmmmmm!, Pay Attention!, Swing You Cats!, That Was Fun!, The Heroes Among Us, The Real Thing, The Things We Love, Wow!
Tagged Al Cooper, Al Lucas, Billie Holiday, Billie Holiday's husband, Braff-Barnes Quartet.Michael Steinman, Butch Hammond, Clyde Hart, Don Byas, Earl Bostic, FISH FOR SUPPER, Jack Parker, Jazz Lives, Joe Guy, Milt Gabler, Robert Frost, Ruby Braff, tilapia
GEORGE BARNES COULD DO IT ALL, AND HE DID
“Georgie,” youthful. Photograph reproduced with permission from the owner. Copyright 2013 The George Barnes Legacy Collection.
Alec Wilder told George Barnes that the latter’s music offered “Reassurance, reaffirmation, wit, warmth, conviction and, best of all, hope!” I agree.
I first heard the magnificent guitarist (composer, arranger) George Barnes without knowing it. His sound cut through the Louis Armstrong Musical Autobiography sessions for Decca — in the late Sixties. Even listening to Louis — as any reasonable person does — I was aware of this wonderful speaking sound of George and his guitar: a man who had something important to tell us in a short space (say, four bars) and made the most of it. Not loud, but not timid.
As I amassed more jazz records, George was immediately evident through his distinctive attack. I believe that I took in more Barnes subliminally in those years, in the way I would hear Bobby Hackett floating above my head in Macy’s. (George recorded with Roy Smeck, Connie Francis, Richard M. Jones, Bill Harris, Anita O’Day, Artie Shaw, Pearl Bailey, Jeri Southern, Connee Boswell, the Lawson-Haggart Jazz Band, Dinah Washington, Coleman Hawkins, George Wettling, LaVern Baker, Earl Bostic, Joe Venuti, Sammy Davis Jr., Don Redman, Little Willie John, Della Reese, Dick Hyman, Milt Hinton, Jo Jones, Hans Conried, Solomon Burke, Sy Oliver, Buddy Rich, Bud Freeman, Tony Bennett, Bucky Pizzarelli, Carl Kress — just to give you an idea of his range. And those are only the sessions documented in jazz discographies.)
In the early Seventies I actually saw George and heard him play live — he was sometimes five or six feet from me — in the short-lived quartet he and Ruby Braff led. And then he was gone, in September 1977.
But his music remains.
And here’s a new treasure — a double one, in fact.
Now, some of you will immediately visit here, bewitched and delighted, to buy copies. You need read no more, and simply wait for the transaction to complete itself in the way you’ve chosen. (Incidentally, on eBay I just saw a vinyl copy of this selling for $150.)
For the others. . . . I don’t know what your feelings are when seeing the words COUNTRY JAZZ. Initially, I had qualms, because I’ grew up hearing homogenized “country and western” music that to me seems limited. But when I turned the cardboard sleeve over and saw that Barnes and friends were improvising on classic Americana (OLD BLACK JOE, THE ARKANSAS TRAVELER, CHICKEN REEL, IN THE GLOAMING, MY OLD KENTUCKY HOME) I relaxed immediately. No cliche-stew of wife / girlfriend / woman / dog / truck / rifle / beer / betrayal / pals here. Call it roots music or Americana, but it’s not fake.
And the band is exciting: George on electric guitar, bass guitar, and banjo [his banjo feature is extraordinary]; Allan Hanlon, rhythm guitar; Jack Lesberg, string bass; Cliff Leeman, drums, percussion; Phil Kraus, vibes on one track; Danny Bank, mouth harp on one track. The sixteen tracks (and one bonus) come from this 1957 session recorded for Enoch Light — in beautiful sound. The improvisations rock; they are hilarious, gliding, funky, and usually dazzling. There’s not a corny note here. And gorgeously expansive documentation, too.
That would be more than enough fun for anyone who enjoys music. But there’s much more. George began leading a band when he was 14 (which would be 1935) but made a name for himself nationwide on an NBC radio program, PLANTATION PARTY, where he was a featured from 1938 to 1942. The fourteen additional airshots on this generous package come from the PARTY, and they are stunning. Each performance is a brief electrifying (and I am not punning) vignette, and sometimes we get the added pleasure of hearing announcer Whitley Ford introduce the song or describe George’s electric Gibson as a “right modern contraption,” which it was.
I can’t say that it’s “about time” for people to acknowledge George as a brilliant guitarist and musician, a stunning pioneer of the instrument — because the jazz and popular music histories should have been shaken and rewritten decades ago. But I’d bet anything that Charlie Christian and a thousand other players heard PLANTATION PARTY, and that a many musicians heard George, were stunned, and wanted to play like that.
I’m writing this post a few days before July 4, celebrated in the United States with fireworks. George Barnes sounds just like those fireworks: rockets, stars, cascades, and explosions. I don’t know that fireworks can be said to swing, but with George that is never in doubt.
To buy the CD, visit here — and at the George Barnes Legacy site, you can learn much more about George, his music, his family, his career. Worth a long visit.
Posted in "Thanks A Million", Bliss!, Generosities, Hotter Than That, Irreplaceable, Jazz Titans, Pay Attention!, Swing You Cats!, That Was Fun!, The Heroes Among Us, The Real Thing, The Things We Love, Wow!
Tagged Alec Wilder, Anita O'Day, Artie Shaw, Bill Harris, Bucky Pizzarelli, Bud Freeman, Buddy Rich, Carl Kress, Coleman Hawkins, Connee Boswell, Connie Francis, COUNTRY JAZZMAN, Della Reese, Dick Hyman, Dinah Washington, Don Redman, Earl Bostic, George Barnes, George Wettling, Hans Conried, Jazz Lives, Jeri Southern, Jo Jones, Joe Venuti, LaVern Baker, Little Willie John, Michael Steinman, Milt Hinton, Pearl Bailey, PLANTATION PARTY, Richard M. Jones, Roy Smeck, Ruby Braff, Sammy Davis Jr., Solomon Burke, Sy Oliver, the Lawson-Haggart Jazz Band, Tony Bennett
THANK YOU, SIR CHARLES (1918-2016)
The news from Yoshio Toyama (from Mike Fitzgerald’s online jazz research group):
“Sir Charles Thompson left us on June 16th in Japan.
He was a very unique pianist with style in between swing and bebop, also very close to great Count Basie’s piano style. He was married to Japanese wife Makiko Thompson in 1990s, lived in Japan in 1990s and 2002 to this day. Funeral will be held in Tokyo, Japan, Higashi Kurume, by his wife Makiko Thompson and family and friends on June 21st.
He was born March 21, 1918, and he just turned 98 last March. He started as professional when he was very young, played with and admired people like Lester Young, Buck Clayton, Coleman Hawkins . . . .
He was very active in Bebop era also, and his style has lots of Bebop flavor mixed with mellow swing. He was very good golf player too.
He left so many great jazz records including “Vic Dickenson Showcase”. In Japan, he made recording with Yoshio and Keiko Toyama in late 1990s. Had appeared in many concerts held by Toyama’s Wonderful World Jazz Foundation. Sir Charles and Toyama stayed very close friends.
We all miss him. Yoshio and Keiko”
Readers will know that I have worked very hard to keep this blog focused on the living thread of the music I and others love. Were it to become a necrology (and the temptation is powerful) it would slide into being JAZZ DIES. But I make exceptions for musicians whose emotional connection with me is powerful. I never met Sir Charles, but he was an integral part of recordings I loved and knew by heart forty-five years ago. Here he is in 1955 with Walter Page, Freddie Green, and Jo Jones. You could make a case that anyone would swing with those three people, but Sir Charles was consistently his own subtle swing engine: he could light up the sonic universe all by himself.
Hearing that, you can understand why Lester Young knighted him.
And — from that same period — another glorious Vanguard session featuring Vic Dickenson (the second volume, since I presume the first was a success, both musically and for its wonderful clarity of sound) on EVERYBODY LOVES MY BABY, where Vic and Sir Charles are joined by Shad Collins, trumpet; Ruby Braff, cornet; Ed Hall, clarinet; Steve Jordan, guitar; Walter Page, string bass; Jo Jones, drums:
That’s been one of my favorite recordings since my teens, and it continues to cheer and uplift. But listen to Sir Charles — not only in solo, but as a wonderfully subtle ensemble player. With a less splendid pianist (I won’t name names) these soloists would have been less able to float so gracefully.
If you measure a musician’s worth by the company (s)he keeps, Sir Charles was indeed remarkable: the pianist of choice for the Buck Clayton Jam Sessions; work with Coleman Hawkins early and late, with Charlie Parker both in the studio and on the air in Boston, with Lionel Hampton, Lester Young, Illinois Jacquet, Dexter Gordon, Buck Clayton, Danny Barker, Lucky Millinder, Shadow Wilson, Ella Fitzgerald, Sonny Stitt, Leo Parker, Pete Brown, J.J. Johnson, Milt Jackson, Jimmy Rushing, Earl Bostic, Ike Quebec, Buddy Tate, Paul Gonsalves, Paul Quinichette, Joe Williams, Harry Edison, Ben Webster, Eddie Condon, Jimmy Witherspoon, Bobby Hackett, Don Byas, Humphrey Lyttelton, Herbie Steward . . . and on and on.
If you want to hear more of Sir Charles, YouTube is full of musical evidence, from the 1945 sides with Bird and with Hawkins, all the way up to 2012 with Yoshio’s band (playing, among other things, RUSSIAN LULLABY) and as a speaking member of a panel — with Allan Eager and Hank Jones — talking about Charlie Parker.
But I will remember Sir Charles as the man who — in his own way and with his own sound — played a good deal like Basie, but understanding that impulse from within rather than copying him, adding in Fats, Wilson, and more advanced harmonies. His sound, his touch, and his swing are unmistakable, and although he lived a very long life and had a long performance career, his death leaves a void in the swing universe.
I’ll let the poetic pianist Ray Skjelbred have the last word: “He was a perfect player who knew the force of silence around his notes. An inspiration to me.”
There is a silence where Sir Charles Thompson used to be.
Posted in "Thanks A Million", Awful Sad, Irreplaceable, Jazz Titans, Swing You Cats!, The Real Thing
Tagged Allan Eager, Ben Webster, Bobby Hackett, Buck Clayton, Buck Clayton Jam Sessions, Buddy Tate, Charlie Parker, Coleman Hawkins, Count Basie, Danny Barker, Dexter Gordon, Don Byas, Earl Bostic, Ed Hall, Eddie Condon, Ella Fitzgerald, Freddie Green, golf, Hank Jones, Harry Edison, Herbie Steward, Humphrey Lyttelton, Ike Quebec, Illinois Jacquet, J.J. Johnson, Japan, Jazz Lives, Jimmy Rushing, Jimmy Witherspoon, Jo Jones, Joe Williams, Keiko Toyama, Leo Parker, Lester Young, Lionel Hampton, Lucky Millinder, Makiko Thompson, Michael Steinman, Milt Jackson, Oscar Pettiford, Paul Gonsalves, Paul Quinichette, Pete Brown, Ray Skjelbred, Ruby Braff, Shad Collins, Shadow Wilson, Sir Charles Thompson, Sonny Stitt, Steve Jordan, Vanguard Records, Vic Dickenson, Walter Page, Yoshio Toyama
BRIGHT SHADOWS: SPIKE AND MIKE at SMALLS (April 19, 2012)
Posted on May 1, 2012 | 2 comments
“Spike and Mike” isn’t a new buddy film, a cable sitcom about two pets on the run, or a box of candy. It’s the colloquial title that pianist Spike Wilner and saxophonist Michael Hashim accept as their own . . . also the title of a song Mike wrote to play in duet with Spike. I learned all of this from the front row of Smalls, that congenial jazz club at 183 West Tenth Street, on April 19, 2012.
I’ve heard and admired both players for seven or eight years now: Spike in solo, duo, and with his own PLANET JAZZ; Mike in bands as superficially different as Kevin Dorn’s The Big 72 (once known as the Traditional Jazz Collective) and the Microscopic Septet. To my ears, they are splendidly united in their playful idiosyncracies; each is a master of his instrument who closes his eyes and steps off into the unknown, trusting himself and listening to his colleague. And they are friends, which comes through. When I was at Smalls the week before this duet and asked Spike if I could come and record his duets with Mike, his instant response was, “Oh, I love that guy!” And if you watch the videos closely, you’ll see Hashim grinning back at Wilner every time the saxophone is out of his mouth. As a duo, they listen intently — making for the most gratifying play, where Earl Bostic and Nat Cole go off to interstellar space.
The program (mostly chosen by Mike) steered away from twice-baked chestnuts, leaning seriously — and beautifully — on Billy Strayhorn. You’ll hear and see his explanatory introductions, so eloquent as to make my explanations superfluous. But I have to point out that this program began with not one, but two romance-influenced questions.
WHAT IS THIS THING CALLED LOVE?
DON’T YOU KNOW I CARE (OR DON’T YOU CARE TO KNOW?):
SPIKE AND MIKE (an improvisation on the changes of TOPSY):
FLAMINGO:
Kurt Weill’s THIS IS NEW (which I had known only from the Lee Wiley recording on RCA Victor):
A Strayhorn duo — first, the very rare LAMENT FOR AN ORCHID (Absinthe) :
and the slightly more familiar JOHNNY COME LATELY:
BROTHER, CAN YOU SPARE A DIME? (sadly, almost as relevant in 2012 as 1932):
LONG AGO AND FAR AWAY:
MOON MIST:
THE LATE, LATE SHOW (courtesy of Dakota Staton):
Jobim’s very soulful DINDI:
As Mike says, “It’s a waltz. It’s our biggest hit!” What else but LOTUS BLOSSOM:
Romping on RHYTHM changes: STEEPLECHASE:
Posted in "Thanks A Million", Ideal Places, Jazz Titans, Mmmmmmmmmmmmm!, Pay Attention!, Swing You Cats!, The Heroes Among Us, The Real Thing, The Things We Love
Tagged Alex Hoffman, bebop, Billy Strayhorn, Cole Porter, Dakota Staton, duets, Duke Ellington, Earl Bostic, Greenwich Village, I GOT RHYTHM, jazz improvisation, Jazz Lives, Jobim, Kevin Dorn, Kurt Weill, Lee Wiley, Michael Hashim, Michael Steinman, Mike Hashim, Nat Cole, Ned Goold, New York City, Planet Jazz, Smalls, Spike WIlner, Stride piano, swing, The Big 72, The Traditional Jazz Collective, Tim McCall
ON AND OFF eBay: THE PORTRAIT GALLERY (November 2010)
More from eBay!
On the left, Al Hirt (possibly during his fame in the Sixties). More interesting is a very thin Bobby Hackett on the right, working hard, with someone I can’t identify standing behind him, looking quizzically at the invisible photographer.
At top, the King of Swing, possibly at the Madhattan Room — on the air for CBS. Below, circa 1948: is that Wardell Gray to the extreme left in the saxophone section?
Early Thirties, on the West Coast — CREOLE REVUE . . .
Ellington in the Forties (the first band shot has Ben Webster, Sonny Greer, probably Junior Raglin — 1943?); the second is twenty years or so later, with Lawrence Brown, stalwart, on the far left.
Probably Chicago? Earl Hines, Billy Eckstine on trumpet, Budd Johnson on tenor saxophone. Are the two other musicians Scoops Carey and Shorty McConnell?
I have to say very quietly that I am less interested in Glenn Miller and his many orchestras than many people: what interests me here is not the ghost band below, but the top portrait that has a portly Irving Fazola sitting in the reed section on a gig in Texas, early in Miller’s bandleading career.
Who’s the pretty lady with the astounding hat sitting with Glen Gray on the right? Looks like Miss Mildred to me, grinning happily. Whatever Glen said to her must have been delightful!
Two unrelated Johnsons, J.J. and Gus (they both swung)!
Circa 1937 or 38 — Teddy, Hamp (concentrating hard), and Benny (paying attention): Gene got cut off, but we know he was having fun, too.
The top portrait is just amazing to those of us who are deeply immersed in this art — an autographed picture of Kaiser Marshall in 1938, in Europe (wow!); the second is listed as guitarist Jimmy McLin and saxophonist Earl Bostic, when and where I can’t tell. The beautiful double-breasted suits say “late Thirties,” but that’s only a sartorial guess.
This portrait of the John Kirby Sextet lets us see the diminutive O’Neill Spencer in action — something more unusual than seeing Charlie Shavers, Russell Procope, Buster Bailey, and a pianist who’s not Billy Kyle.
Clockwise: Benny Carter in a familiar publicity pose; a small band featuring Fats Waller’s reliably swinging drummer Slick Jones, and a famous shot from the Columbia studios, 1940, of John Hammond’s noble experiment melding the Basie and Goodman stars in what might have been the world’s finest small jazz band.
A famous Chicago studio portrait from 1936 but still gratifying: the rhythm section of Fletcher Henderson’s Grand Terrace Orchestra: Israel Crosby, bass; Bob Lessey, guitar; Horace Henderson, piano; Sidney Catlett, drums.
Late Twenties, early Fifties, perhaps for Ben Pollack? Jack Teagarden and Benny in the first photo, perhaps Charlie Teagarden (and the Pick-A-Rib Boys) in the second.
Lee Young and J. C Higginbotham, both middle Forties if the suits are evidence.
There’s that Louis fellow again! Ecstatically with Trummy Young (and an invisible Barrett Deems) at top, with Danny Kaye in THE FIVE PENNIES (1959) below.
GOING PLACES indeed! Louis, Maxine Sullivan, Johnny Mercer . . . no doubt rehearsing JEEPERS CREEPERS.
And a delightful piece of memorabilia from Phil Schaap’s new website — which not only features artifacts autographed by Wynton Marsalis and jazz broadcasts from WKCR, but also tangible morsels of jazz history. Can you hear Lips Page and Johnny Windhurst swapping lead and improvised countermelody? I certainly can imagine it! Visit http://www.philschaapjazz.com for more.
Posted in "Thanks A Million", Irreplaceable, Jazz Titans, Pay Attention!, Swing You Cats!, The Heroes Among Us, The Real Thing, The Things We Love
Tagged Al Hirt, BArrett Deems, Ben Pollack, Ben Webster, Benny Carter, Benny Goodman, Billy Eckstine, Bob Lessey, Bobby Hackett, Buck Clayton, Budd Johnson, Charlie Christian, Charlie Shavers, Charlie Teagarden, Charlie Traeger, Cliff Jackson, Columbia Records, Count Basie, CREOLE REVUE, Danny Kaye, Duke Ellington, Earl Bostic, Earl Hines, Ebay, Eddie Phyfe, Fats Waller, Freddie Green, Gene Krupa, Georg Brunis, George Brunies, ghost band, Glen Gray, Glenn Miller, Gus Johnson, Horace Henderson, Hot Lips Page, Irving Fazola, Israel Crosby, J.C. Higginbotham, J.J. Johnson, Jack Teagarden, Jazz Lives, jazz memorabilia, Jimmy McLin, Jo Jones, John Hammond, John Kirby, Johnny Windhurst, Junior Raglin, Kaiser Marshall, Lawrence Brown, Lee Young, Les Hite, Lester Young, Lionel Hampton, Louis Armstrong, Maxine Sullivan, Michael Steinman, Mildred Bailey, Mills Brothers, O'Neill Spencer, Peanuts Hucko, Phil Schaap, rare photographs, Shorty McConnell, Sidney Catlett, Slick Jones, Sonny Greer, Stuyvesant Casino, Teddy Wilson, Trummy Young, Walter Page, Wardell Gray
“HOT” on SPRING STREET (Nov. 22, 2009)
Last Sunday at The Ear Inn, November 22, 2009, the compact, eloquent quartet — The Ear Regulars or the Earregulars, depending on what region you come from — performed two lovely Ralph Rainger ballads, PLEASE and WITH EVERY BREATH I TAKE. (In case you are new to this scene, The Ear Inn is at 326 Spring Street in Manhattan and the Sunday music goes from 8-11 PM.)
That quartet? Jon-Erik Kellso, Scott Robinson, Matt Munisteri, and Pat O’Leary.
But there was a good deal of exciting Hot being played that night as well. “Hot,” as I don’t have to tell this audience, was the name of a certain kind of exciting improvisation when jazz was young. It didn’t have to be fast or loud, but it did have to be focused, intense, rhythmic. The Earregulars know how to GET HOT without raising their voices.
After a brief discussion, Jon-Erik called “a good old New Orleans tune,” I’M SORRY I MADE YOU CRY — which I always remember in the version by the Capitol Jazzmen (1943) with Jack Teagarden, Jimmy Noone, Joe Sullivan, and even Billy May capably playing the jazz.
This version was neither lachrymose nor apologetic: it was the musical equivalent of, “I’m really sorry. I won’t do it again. Have a Boddington?”
Then, a wonderful pop / jazz tune (from Harry Warren and Johnny Mercer), TOO MARVELOUS FOR WORDS, which doesn’t get played enough, although both Lips Page and the elder Teagarden recorded it splendidly:
And, finally, a lengthy, driving SUNDAY — long enough to require two parts for YouTube, but attentive viewers will hear that Jon-Erik begins the second segment with a quotation from another song from the same era, MY MONDAY DATE. Fun with calendars!
And the conclusion:
I’ve heard versions of this quartet before at The Ear, and have always come away deeply impressed. The horns beautifully complement each other: Scott takes surprising, winding solos that balance Earl Bostic, Lester, and outer space, while Jon-Erik digs deep and always finds quietly impassioned things to say. Matt shines in the darkness, whether he’s finding ringing single-note lines or rocking the band chordally, and Pat O’Leary keeps time so beautifully (no small feat) and plays eloquent, stirring lines. At once, they sound like the entire history of swinging jazz AND like themselves — two simultaneous noble accomplishments.
Posted in "Thanks A Million", Ideal Places, Irreplaceable, Jazz Titans, Pay Attention!, Swing You Cats!, The Heroes Among Us, The Real Thing, The Things We Love
Tagged Billy May, Bix Beiderbecke, Capitol Jazzmen, Earl Bostic, Harry Warren, hot, Hot Lips Page, Jack Teagarden, jazz blog, Jazz Lives, Jimmy Noone, Joe Sullivan, Johnny Mercer, Jon-Erik Kellso, Lester Young, Matt Munisteri, Michael Steinman, Pat O'Leary, Ralph Rainger, Scott Robinson, The Ear Inn, the Ear Regulars, The EarRegulars, YouTube
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Summary | Proposal | Detail (Summary & Proposal)
JSRs: Java Specification Requests
JSR 52: A Standard Tag Library for JavaServer PagesTM
Updates to the Original JSR
The following updates have been made to the original request.
This JSR was developed under JCP 2.1, but moved to JCP 2.6 in the Maintenance stages after the initial Final Release.
Original Java Specification Request (JSR)
Identification | Request | Contributions
Section 1: Identification
Submitting Participant:
Eduardo Pelegri-Llopart and Anil Vijendran
Java Software, Sun Microsystems, Inc.
901 San Antonio Rd, MS UCUP02-201, Palo Alto, CA 94303
Phone: +1 408 343 1456 and +1 408 863 3248
pelegri@eng.sun.com
akv@eng.sun.com
Other Participants Endorsing this JSR
Most partners that participated in the definition of JSP 1.1 have already expressed interest in participating in this expert group. Partners that are endorsing this JSR include:
Frank Biederich
Adobe Simeon Simeonov
Allaire Joe Chung
BEA Bob Bickel
Bluestone Software Scott Ferguson
Assaf Arkin
Exoffice Craig R. McClanahan
ASF & Jakarta Dan Chang
Hans Bergsten
Gefion Software Ethan Henry
KL Group Jason Hunter
Author of "Java Servlet Programming"
Amit Kishnani
Macromedia Stefano Mazzocchi
ASF & Cocoon Todd Giles
Net Objects
Chip Shapely
Netscape Vince Bonfanti
New Atlanta Julie Basu &
Hal Hildebrand
Oracle Corp.
Tim Lopez
Visual Cafe Group (WB Information Systems) Magnus Stenman
Orion App Server Jon Stevens
ASF, Turbine &
Clear Ink Corp.
Arny Epstein
SilverStream Larry Cable
Section 2: Request
This JSR requests the creation a standard tag library for JavaServer Pages. This standard tag library would be available in all compliant JSP containers, and could be used by JSP authors and JSP authoring tools in the creation of JSP pages.
Details of the standard tag library, like the specific version of the JSP specification to be targeted, what it means "to be available", and others will be determined by the expert group. The scope of the standard tag library will be determined by the expert group, but most initial feedback suggests including at least tags for
specifying data sources, including JDBC and LDAP
conditional and iterative presentation of data from these data sources.
We expect this specification to be part of the Java 2 Enterprise Edition.
2.1 Target Java platform
The specification is a member of the next release of the J2EE Platform. The specification can also be used in any compliant JSP container.
2.2 Need of the Java Community that this work addresses
The original expert group that designed the JavaServer Pages 1.0 and JavaServer Pages 1.1 specifications wanted to include a list of standard tags as part of those specifications. Unfortunately, time pressures and the dangers of standardizing on not fully-understood functionality forced the removal of any but a few very basic standard tags from these specifications.
JSP 1.1 included a standard mechanism for the creation of tag libraries but no standard tag library itself. Although the mechanism has enabled the creation of libraries to be shared across user communities, there are some benefits that are enabled by a standard tag library:
Widespread availability of a library that can be used by JSP authors and JSP authoring tools to easily generate powerful pages on all compliant JSP Containers
A high quality product, since the expertise of many communities can be pooled into this library.
Increated mindshare, with reduced training costs and simplified portability and maintainability of JSP pages and applications.
The creation of high-quality educational material targeted to the standard library.
Higher-quality authoring tools, as they can provide specialized support for the tags in the standard tag library.
Specialized implementations of the library so both portability and higher performance may be achieved.
2.3 Explanation of why the need isn't met by existing specifications
There is no standard tag library in JSP 1.1.
Although the creation of a standard tag library could be folded into the proposed JSP 1.2 specification (JSR 053), a separate expert group:
Ensures that the basic mechanisms in JSP 1.2 are applicable to any tag library
Enables the possibility of supporting JSP 1.1 containers as well as JSP 1.2 containers
Allows for different memberships of the expert groups, which best matches different interests
Decouples the release schedules of the two specification efforts
2.4 Specification to be developed and how it addresses the need
We propose to define a standard tag library for JavaServer Pages.
2.5 Detailed description of the underlying technology or technologies
A detailed description of Servlet 2.2 and JSP 1.1 functionality can be found in the respective specification documents, which can be downloaded from the sites at http://java.sun.com/product/servlet/download.html and http://java.sun.com/product/jsp/download.html. See below for a reference to the JSR for JSP 1.2.
2.6 Proposed package name for API Specification
To be determined.
2.7 Security implications
Security requirements are handled by the underlying JSP infrastructure.
2.8 Internationalization implications
Internationalization requirements for tag libraries will be evaluated based on partner feedback.
2.9 Localization implications
Localization requirements depend on the internationalization decisions cited in 2.8.
2.10 Risk assessment (impact of work on target platform, impact if work not carried out, difficulties in carrying out RI and/or CTS)
Most JSP 1.0 and JSP 1.1 containers are already providing a tag library that is being used by their customers. Delays in creating a standard tag library will lead to a more fragmented situation as JSP 1.1 gains acceptance in the marketplace; it is important to create this standard now.
The scope of the standard library needs to balance the goals of standarization and innovation. Fortunately, the existance of a portable standard mechanism for defining new tag libraries means that users, common component developer tools, as well as platform vendors, will always be able to innovate by creating new tag libraries; still the scope of the standard library has to be chosen carefully.
The standard tag library may be one of the most visibles pieces of the J2EE infrastructure to a significant portion of the developers for J2EE applications, namely those creating JSP pages.
2.11 Existing specifications that might be rendered obsolete or deprecated by this work
2.12 Existing specifications that might need revisions as a result of this work
Section 3: Contributions
3.1 List of relevant existing documents:
JavaServer Pages Specification, Version 1.1
http://java.sun.com/products/jsp
Java Servlet Specification, Version 2.2
http://java.sun.com/products/servlet
JSR-053, "Java Servlet 2.3 and JavaServer Pages 1.2 Specifications" (in preparation)
http://www.jcp.org/jsr/detail/53.jsp
Java 2 Platform, Enterprise Edition Specification Version 1.2
http://java.sun.com/ j2ee/docs.html
The Java 2 Platform, Enterprise Edition Application Programming Model
http://java.sun.com/j2ee/apm
3.2 Explanation of how these items might be used as a starting point for the work
The Servlet 2.3 and JSP 1.2 specifications (JSR-053) will be based on the current Servlet 2.2 and JSP 1.1 specifications; that specification effort will have a symbiotic relationship with this one.
The Application Programming Model work will be used to validate and will take advantage of the standard library. The J2EE documents provide context for the use of Servlets and JSP within the J2EE platform. Also, we expect to start getting some feedback from and input into JSR-039, "Java Servlet and JavaServer Pages Performance".
We expect to take advantage of the experience gained from a number of projects, including several that are represented in the endorsement list.
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KMA2724 The Cult – Rebirth Of The Phoenix: Wild Fire ’92 Live In The USA
Yet another bootleg I found, this is the best-sounding of the lot. Hooray!
Recorded at Finsbury Park, London UK on 1992-06-06, this 10-track live boot captures the Cult on fire and taking no prisoners.
There’s a cool write-up on the back cover so, since I am too lazy to re-type it all, here is that back cover, complete with write-up and track list of the set:
As you can see, this was a smokin’ set. Hot DAMN! It’s also cool that they left in all the between-song banter, so you get the whole set as it was. Lovely.
Hit It Or Quit It? Unquestionable Hit!
Tags: cult
KMA2405 Cult – Born Into This
During a recent workout, I threw on this album and I learned something that should have been apparent to me all along – the hypnotically driving beats and big riff mayhem of this excellent rock band make for perfect exercise accompaniment.
Knowing none of the songs (from 2007) before hearing this, I felt like I was breaking new ground as my rickety frame attempted to support the minimal weights I was manouvering and dubiously calling it exercise.
You’ll know this album already for yourselves, but on this play-through I thought this was a strong batch of songs. It rocks like hell, really, and sounds like the Cult I knew way back when. Tracks like Dirty Little Rockstar and I Assassin (among several others) pleased me greatly. One track, Holy Mountain, is a departure – a slower, simpler, more melodic showcase for Astbury’s vocals. Wild.
This one I have here is the 2CD Savage Edition, the second disc of which has a few bonus tracks that I also liked… though I’ll admit that by then I was resting my weary carcass after punishing it enough during the workout, so I heard the bonus disc as I yelled for a medic. I liked Stand Alone here, and the demo versions of the album tracks were a nice addition.
This album did the job well, I liked it!
KMA2198 The Cult – Hidden City
Alright, Constant Readers, we’re back to my IOU Series. Both Deke and Mike requested I cover this one (at least, that’s what my note about it says). It was also, apparently, requested that this be a 200 word post, so that’s what I did…
For real reviews with actual perspective on this one, check out the excellent reviews by:
DEKE and MIKE!
This doesn’t sound like a band formed in 1983… there’s a youthful energy, here. Then again, it definitely sounds like a band around for 30+ years, as it’s savvy, well-oiled, and rocks with an ease and polish that younger bands can only dream of for their future selves… Huge songs, well-written and gripping, the work here is heavy on the guitars and on the groove. Two things we all love about Cult songs, surely. Damn, these guys are masters.
Bob Rock’s production breathes easily, and really makes the speakers push the air. This lets the songs stand strong, and they sure as hell do. My fave track, at the moment, is G O A T, which is a bluesy bar room brawl that keeps demanding I play it again and again. Goddamn, that’s a monster. Singles on the album, all excellent tracks, include Dark Energy, Hinterland, and No Love Lost.
Now, I’m no expert on the Cult. I live mostly by Pure Cult (and my shock that Soldier Blue wasn’t included on it), but this album kicks all sorts of ass. It rocks, pure (Cult) and simple.
Bloody brilliant and great.
KMA869 Cult – Love
Mike sent me this treasure. This totally takes me back in time.
Man, the Cult have a sound. If I were to play you a song of theirs you’d never heard, you’d still be able to say that’s who it is. It isn’t just Ian Astbury’s voice. The songs, too, there’s an instantly recognizeable thing they do. And it’s not just the hits, either, it’s pretty well every song. Eventually you go ‘oh hey, it’s them!’
And you know what? It’s a good thing, a good sound. It’s lithe and muscular and well-produced and it definitely rocks. Knowing this, going into revisiting this album, I am free to listen for the little things in each song.
Nirvana’s guitar line stands out most, to me, and I liked the solo bit. Great tune. Big Neon Glitter swings while it rocks. I like the tom work on the drums. This would be cool live, the whole crowd jumping in time…
Love is slinky and full of menace in the bottom end*. I like the way it fees like it could explode at any moment, just full of tension, yet it doesn’t explode. It doesn’t have to. Brother Wolf Sister Moon feels like a cowboy song, if that makes sense. It’s not country, but as it builds, it feels like the perfect soundtrack music for some south-western USA landscape movie. Love it.
Rain is a hit we all know, of course. Fantastic. Phoenix feels like their ode to the Stooges, that riff. Yummy! Hollow Man is a straight-up pop-rocker as only these guys can do it.
If you don’t know (the beautiful) Revolution and (the firecracker) She Sells Sanctuary (as well as Rain, for that matter), you’ve been living under a rock since 1983. Funny thing, 1537 said he thought She Sells Sanctuary was the inspiration for the naming of this website, as those very words are uttered in that song several times. That was a fantastic guess, though incorrect (we all know it was Black Flack’s fault). Still, nice one!
And the last track, Black Angel, goes perfectly with Brother Wolf Sister Moon, they feel like companion pieces to me. A great slow burner to end one helluva record.
In sum: Fan-fucking-tastic. 1985? This stuff is timeless.
Thanks heaps, Mike!
* I meant the song called Love, here, but if love isn’t slinky and full of menace in the bottom end, you’re totally doing it wrong.
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Luxury Experience
Medication Addiction
Therapy (CBT)
Therapy (ACT)
Therapy (DBT)
12 Step Recovery
Treatment Schedule
Why Choose Lanna
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University Archives Launches Digital Repository of Senior Theses
Posted: Wednesday, 3 September 2014 - 11:58am
Through a joint project of the University Archives, the Office of the Dean of the College, and the Office of Information Technology, senior theses for the Classes of 2013, 2014, and all future classes will be collected and made accessible to the campus community via Princeton University’s digital repository, DataSpace.
The University Archives made the transition from collecting paper theses to theses in digital format (PDFs) to broaden accessibility of senior theses within the Princeton community. The Senior Thesis Collection is the most frequently used collection at the University Archives and, as such, are consulted by Princeton students at a rate of about 1,000 per year to explore topics, gather ideas for possible faculty advisers, find sources, gain familiarity with disciplinary writing styles, develop research methodologies for their own theses, and to generally understand what makes a good thesis. The DataSpace repository also has the capability to capture and deliver multiple file formats including text, video, audio, and image files.
“The senior thesis has a long history at Princeton,” said University Archivist Dan Linke. “This is just the next chapter for this important aspect of a Princeton education.”
While most theses will be available in full-text on all Princeton-networked computers, a small number will only be available at computer terminals in the Mudd Manuscript Library, and none will be directly accessible to the general public. Senior theses submitted in 2012 and before will continue to be available in paper format at the Mudd Manuscript Library.
A direct link to the Senior Thesis Collection in DataSpace is available here: http://dataspace.princeton.edu/jspui/handle/88435/dsp019c67wm88m.
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Follow the latest developments on the Firestone Library Renovation project.
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Here is The Christine O’ Donnell Ad Delaware TV Doesn’t Want you To See
by Jeff Dunetz | Nov 1, 2010 | Other
Christine O’Donnell is taking a page from the playbook of Barack Obama. The Republican Senate candidate has produced a 30-minute television advertisement in the form of a documentary chronicling her connection with the people of Delaware.
But unlike Obama’s ad at the end of the 2008 race, the tea party insurgent’s campaign has run into obstacles getting it in front of voters before Election Day. The campaign did not purchase advance time on networks in the Philadelphia or Delaware markets, said a source close to the O’Donnell campaign, and the networks did not have time available to air the ad on such short notice.
So O’Donnell turned to a public access television station, Delaware Channel 28. She told supporters at a Tea Party Express rally on Sunday in Wilmington to watch that night at 11:30. “Tell everyone to tune in,” she said at the rally.
“1 minute until the premiere of our 30 minute feature. Tune in to meet all the heart warming people I’ve met on the campaign trail. Ch. 28,” O’Donnell tweeted Sunday night.
But the ad never aired.
A few minutes later, O’Donnell tweeted: “Okay… this is NOT our show! Must be a programming mix up. We will get back to you…”
The source, who spoke only on the condition of anonymity to discuss sensitive campaign operations, said the station “forgot to air it.”
TWICE they forgot to air it. For those of you who want to see the compelling ad that Delaware TV doesn’t want you to see, the 1/2 hour O’ Donnell ad is embedded below (if you cannot see video click here)
We the People of the First State from Friends of Christine O’Donnell on Vimeo.
Women for Trump 2020 Kicks Off As MSM Works to Destroy the President
Ilhan Omar (D-MN) Introduces Resolution Supporting Anti-Jewish Bigotry
Kennedy (R-La.) Blasts AOC and Her Squad as Being the ‘Reason There are Directions’ on Shampoo Bottles IOTW Report MJA
OPEN THREAD: Because you like open threads, and I like you. Instapundit Glenn Reynolds
A Real Expert Obliterates the Global Warming Scam Doug Ross @ Journal Unknown
Berkeley Passes First In The Nation Ban On Natural Gas in new buildings – Mandates ‘all electric by 2020’ Marc Morano
The Chris Pratt/Gadsden shirt nontroversy Hot Air Taylor Millard
How Joe Biden would address agriculture and rural issues (Helena Bottemiller Evich/Politico) memeorandum
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About HIV
One of the main goals of Life4me+ — is to prevent new cases of HIV and other STIs, hepatitis C and tuberculosis.
The app helps to establish anonym communication between physicians and HIV-positive people. It allows you to conveniently organize your medication intake timetable and set concealed and personalized reminders.
Subjectivity of healthcare providers is a possible barrier to get PrEP for people at risk
The personal values and moral judgements of healthcare providers are likely to interfere with the appropriate provision of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), Sarah Calabrese of Yale University told the HIV Research for Prevention conference (HIVR4P) in Chicago last week. When medical students were given hypothetical scenarios of gay men seeking PrEP, they were less willing to provide it to men who were not monogamous and to men who acknowledged not using condoms. Men at a lower risk of acquiring HIV had a greater chance of getting PrEP.
“It is critical that PrEP access be governed by science and not by personal values,” Calabrese said.
Today’s medical students are tomorrow’s healthcare providers, she argued. Nonetheless, a limitation of the study is that it enrolled students before their training is complete and before they gain clinical experience.
Recruited online, 111 students at two medical schools in the north east of the US completed a brief survey. They were given background information on the evidence for PrEP, its approval by the US Food and Drug Administration and some arguments for and against it. The key question was, “Please rate how likely you are to prescribe to the patient described based on the information given.”
The hypothetical patients all represented gay men at raised risk of HIV. Six scenarios were presented, varying two key elements.
For a gay man in a monogamous relationship with an HIV-positive man who was not on treatment, 93% were willing to prescribe PrEP if the couple planned to continue to use condoms. But if the monogamous couple were already not using condoms, only 53% would be willing to prescribe. And if the couple planned to stop using condoms if PrEP was provided, just 27% of medical students were willing to prescribe PrEP.
“This pattern is paradoxical to patient risk,” Calabrese commented. “The patient who is at lowest risk is the one who is going to sustain his condom use, but he is the person who has the best access to PrEP.” This is likely to penalise patients who are honest.
The prospects for a gay man who has multiple partners of unknown HIV and treatment statuses were poorer. If he planned to continue using condoms, 86% would prescribe PrEP; if he was already not using condoms, 45% would provide PrEP; and if he planned to stop using them, 28% would be willing to prescribe PrEP.
The differences, both between different approaches to condom use and between monogamous and non-monogamous men, were statistically significant.
The survey also asked about which reasons for discontinuing condom use were considered acceptable by the medical students. Just 13% thought it acceptable to stop using condoms to improve sexual functioning, 14% to increase pleasure and 23% to enhance intimacy or emotional connection.
However, 69% felt that discontinuing condom use for the purposes of conception would be acceptable. This suggests heterosexism, Calabrese argued. She also noted that in objectively considering the risk of acquiring HIV, the reason why a person does not use condoms is irrelevant.
Uneven access to PrEP
This was one of several presentations which highlighted inequalities in access to PrEP in the United States. In a plenary, Noël Gordon of the Human Rights Campaign reminded delegates that white people make up 27% of new HIV diagnoses but 74% of PrEP users. There are also inequalities in terms of age and gender.
Dawn Smith of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) said that she had asked health departments across the United States what they were doing to support the implementation of PrEP. While the south of the country has the highest rate of HIV diagnoses, there was much less PrEP activity there than in the west, where the needs are not as great.
Across the country, just 38% of health departments were supporting PrEP. Often, this just involved referring high-risk individuals to PrEP – fewer health departments were actively working with healthcare providers to support PrEP delivery and even fewer were providing it themselves.
And studies from San Francisco – the city at the forefront of PrEP roll-out – show that women and black gay men remain less likely to be aware of PrEP and to receive it. (See separate report). Some services are better at engaging minority populations than others, but not all are doing enough to engage their clients on this issue.
Dominika Seidman of the University of California said that family planning clinics have been identified as logical and acceptable locations to reach women. Her survey at five family planning clinics for underserved populations in San Francisco showed that at least 7% of patients would be eligible for PrEP under CDC guidelines, but that less than one in five of these women knew what PrEP was. Their lack of knowledge probably reflects a low awareness of PrEP among family planning providers.
Noël Gordon said that when biomedical prevention has reached people who need it, it has given them a sense of ownership over their sexual health. “However some communities are still not benefitting from these tools because their concerns continue to go unaddressed.”
He gave as examples black communities’ mistrust in the medical system and trans communities’ concerns about healthcare provider bias, drug interactions with hormones and PrEP adherence in a context of violence and harassment. Meaningful engagement around these issues is needed, he said.
Unplanned discontinuations
Douglas Krakower of Fenway Health in Boston presented an analysis of people who have stopped taking PrEP. Fenway is a gay-friendly provider working with an underserved population and is the largest provider of PrEP in New England. Between 2011 and 2014, 663 patients began PrEP. Krakower reviewed medical records up to the end of 2015 to see who had stopped PrEP and why.
Sixteen per cent of patients had stopped PrEP because they felt they were at lower risk of HIV or for another reason relating to personal choice.
However, 25% had an ‘unplanned discontinuation’ – most often this was related to insurance or financial barriers. In other cases, the patient had stopped adhering to the medication, had missed clinic visits or had dropped out of care. Younger people, individuals with mental health disorders, and people with public (rather than private) insurance were more likely to stop taking PrEP in this way.
Krakower said that four patients were diagnosed with HIV after an unplanned discontinuation – two had had gaps in their insurance, one had mental health challenges, and one had stopped due to stigma associated with taking PrEP.
The study suggests that support is needed to help people avoid dropping out of PrEP – including mental health support; adherence support; flexible models of care delivery; health systems navigators and patient assistance programmes to help with insurance and financial challenges.
Calabrese SK et al. The Potential for Condom Ideology to Cloud Clinical Judgment around Prescribing HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP). HIV Research for Prevention Conference (HIVR4P 2016), Chicago, abstract OA03.05, 2016.
Gordon N. A View from the Ground. HIV Research for Prevention Conference (HIVR4P 2016), Chicago, presentation PL03.02, 2016.
Smith D et al. PrEP Implementation by Local Health Departments in US Cities and Counties: Findings from a 2015 Assessment of Local Health Departments. HIV Research for Prevention Conference (HIVR4P 2016), Chicago, abstract OA16.03, 2016.
Seidman D et al. Women‘s Knowledge of, Interest in, and Eligibility for HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis at Family Planning Clinics in Northern California. HIV Research for Prevention Conference (HIVR4P 2016), Chicago, abstract OA16.04, 2016.
Krakower D et al. Unplanned Discontinuations of HIV Preexposure Prophylaxis During Clinical Care. HIV Research for Prevention Conference (HIVR4P 2016), Chicago, abstract OA16.06, 2016.
Author: Lilia Ten
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De Tweeling
Sina Richardt
Role: Anne Bamberg young
Julia Koopmans
Role: Lotte Bamberg young
Twin Sisters (Europe: English title)
Directed: Ben Sombogaart
Language: Dutch, German, English, French
Genre: Drama, War
In 1926 in Germany, the twin sisters Anna and Lotte Bamberg are separated after the death of their parents. Anna stays in Germany with her ignorant catholic uncle and aunt in their small property, and Lotte, with tuberculosis, moves to Holland. Anna is not sent to school, to work in the farm, while Lotte is raised by an upper class family having good education. They do not have any contact with each other, but near the World War II they meet each other. Later Anna marries a young SS officer, while Lotte is engaged of a Jewish musician. Their lives follow different and opposite paths with the war. Anna never gives-up getting their reconciliation.
Cologne, 1925, a pair of twins is separated following their father’s death. The healthier of the two stays with an aunt and uncle on their farm to do manual labor, while the girl with consumption is taken to Holland where she can live a life refinement.
Despite their individual attempts to write each other, their bull-headed guardians prevent it for fear of losing their half to the other family. A brief segment is seen in contemporary time; a haggard-looking old woman holds back from waking another elderly lady at a spa. Assuming these must be the twins, why doesn’t she wake her, we wonder? The past is again shuffled to, 1939, separated by a desaturated color scheme; Hitler is rising to power, and one teen is caught up in his propaganda, whereas the other in Holland has only begun to fear what he might do. Both have love interests: Anna, the poor girl, goes against her step-parents’ wishes by getting involved with a Hitler proponent, and Lotte, by now resolved from consumption, is smitten with a well-off Jewish boy.
Time passes before Lotte finally discovers all the letters she wrote to her sister were never sent (“They thought I was a quiet child, but I was talking to my sister all day long”); a concerted effort is made, and contact has finally been initiated. Before another break to the present can be made, through the excitement of their impending reunion, the question looms as to why the old lady hesitated to speak.
Director Ben Sombogaart has set up a balance, a triplicate of points in reference to the twins’ turning points shared by both. It becomes increasingly clear, particularly through the middle segment in their teens and twenties, how the separation remained permanent. When the old ladies are returned to, Anna reveals who she is only for Lotte to walk away, and when Anna pursues her into a park, Lotte makes it clear that she wants to be left alone. To make the reason why understandable, Sombogaart returns to the time of the war for the longest, yet most revelatory, stretch. For as each girl has led a totally autonomous life from the other, in experiences, education, societal influences, the togetherness of any ideals they shared as children have been pried apart. And because of the society, at least on Lotte’s behalf, the ideas she has of her own sister being a part of that other society colors her perception.
We learn, in fact, that after contact has been made, they do meet in Germany. (Touching moment: as a present, Lotte gives her sister the bundle of letters never sent.) An offhand comment by Anna about a Jew colors her sister’s impression and retracts her desire for the reunion to be a permanent one. It still isn’t till later in the park that the psychology and rationalizations are really laid out between the sisters and both are given the chance to talk and explain (though it is Anna who does most of the talking), bringing clarity to the enraptured but inquisitive viewer.
It is not without a certain level of patience that the answers are attained, primarily because Sombogaart uses the function of the present to increasingly hold back information. As the storyline during World War II gets deeper into the rift of the sisters, the stretches are longer and longer without returning to the present to advance that storyline. The good that comes from the deprivation of answers-on-demand is it allows a much stronger wallop once full disclosure has been made, before any further explication of the past can detract in the total amount of knowledge gained.
For at all times, Sombogaart is thorough in his storytelling, reservedly economic especially within the three sets of actresses used for Anna and Lotte. The most amount of dramatic weight is placed on the shoulders of Nadja Uhl (The Legend of Rita) and Thekla Reuten (Everybody’s Famous), both of whom vividly embrace the separational distinctions that cause irreparable damage to the direction their relationship could have taken. Rarely does it feel sentimental, but Sombogaart is sympathetic to the characters and stresses the emotion in their plight at the same time as making the dual growths apart from each other palpable in their sad situations.
It’s clenching and gripping cinema, exhibiting how far the monstrosities of war can trickle down to have such a personal effect, yet without downplaying the reach of its effects, either. Strong performances also from Gudrun Okras, Ellen Vogel, Sina Richardt, and Julia Koopmans.
[Absolutely to be seen.]
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Have you visited Alibris US?
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Che (2008)
directed by Steven Soderbergh
featuring Benicio Del Toro, Demián Bichir, Santiago Cabrera, Jorge Perugorría, Edgar Ramirez
Nearly 40 years after Che Guevara's execution in Bolivia, director Steven Soderbergh retraces the life of the iconic Cuban revolutionary in this nearly four-and-a-half-hour saga. Part 1 begins on November 26, 1956, as Fidel Castro (Demián Bichir) sails into Cuban waters with 80 rebels in tow. Among those rebels is Argentine doctor Ernesto "Che" Guevara (Benicio Del Toro), a man who shares Castro's dream of overthrowing corrupt dictator Fulgencio Batista. As the struggle gets under way, Guevara proves an indispensable part of the revolution due to his firm grasp on the concepts of guerilla warfare. Guevara is heartily embraced by both his comrades and the Cuban people, and quickly rises through the ranks to become first a commander, and ultimately a revolutionary hero. Part 2 of the saga begins with Guevara at the absolute peak of his fame and power. Disappearing suddenly, Guevara subsequently resurfaces in Bolivia to organize a modest group of Cuban comrades and Bolivian recruits in preparation for the Latin American Revolution. But while the Bolivian campaign would ultimately fail, the tenacity, sacrifice, and idealism displayed by Guevara during this period would make him a symbol of heroism to followers around the world. Part 1 and Part 2 were screened together as Che at the 2008 Cannes Film Festival, and also received a limited theatrical release under that same title in U.S. theaters later that same year. Jason Buchanan, Rovi Read Less
Nearly 40 years after Che Guevara's execution in Bolivia, director Steven Soderbergh retraces the life of the iconic Cuban revolutionary in this nearly four-and-a-half-hour saga. Part 1 begins on November 26, 1956, as Fidel Castro (Demián Bichir) sails into Cuban waters with 80 rebels in tow. Among those rebels is Argentine doctor Ernesto "Che" Guevara (Benicio Del Toro), a man who shares Castro's dream of overthrowing corrupt dictator Fulgencio Batista. As the struggle gets under way, Guevara proves an indispensable part ... Read More
Show All Awards
2008 Toronto International Film Festival > Film Presented
2008 Cannes Film Festival > Best Actor > Won > Benicio Del Toro
2008 Cannes Film Festival > In Competition
2008 London Film Festival > Film Presented
2008 Chicago Film Critics Association > Best Foreign Language Film > Nominated
2008 AFI Fest > Film Presented
2008 New York Film Festival > Film Presented
2008 New York Film Critics Online > Best Picture > Nominated
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Sosa Media
Anderson, IN, USA
Fair. Ex-Library rental. Disc(s) are professionally cleaned and may contain only light scratches that do not effect functionality. Includes disc(s), case, and back artwork. Front booklet may be missing. Disc(s), case, and back artwork may contain library/security stickers and ink writing. Case and artwork may show some wear. ARTWORK MAY BE UNORIGINAL AND PRINTED BY LIBRARY. Case may not be an original jewel case. All disc(s) are authentic.
2008, IFC Films / Warner Bros. Int'l
Studio: IFC Films / Warner Bros. Int'l
Ships Same or Next business day from NJ, USA with Tracking. Artwork, case & disc(s) included and in Very Good condition. Used discs may not include digital content (if applicable). 30-Day Satisfaction Guarantee.
Wonder Book - Member ABAA/ILAB
Frederick, MD, USA
Format: Full Screen
New. Brand New! DVD. Shrink wrapped! Quality guaranteed! In original artwork/packaging unless otherwise noted.
Blu-Ray, Good
Goodwill Books
Hillsboro, OR, USA
DVD Region: A
MPAA Rating: NR
Good. May have very light or no surface scratches. Case and artwork are included but may show minimal signs of wear. If applicable: Digital copy or ultraviolet codes may be expired or not included.
Beau'sBooks
Plattsburgh, NY, USA
Benicio Del Toro, Demián Bichir, Santiago Cabrera, Jorge Perugorría, Edgar Ramirez. Very good in very good packaging. 3 discs. Languages: English, Spanish. Run time: 262 mins. Aspect ratio: 1.78: 1. Originally released: 2008. This used Criterion Collection three (3) DVD Disc release is as follows: DVD Disc 1 is very good with very light scratches to a small area. Discs 2 and three are in fine, clean condition. The enclosed booklet & poster are in fine condition. The Digi-Pak enclosure is very good with spine creasing. The paperboard slipcase is very good with light wear at edges and minor corner/edge bumps. In Spanish Language with English subtitles. This is The Criterion Collection 2009 First Printing release. The Criterion Collection catalog # 496.
Rodrigo Santoro, Benicio Del Toro, Oscar Isaac, Pablo Guevara, Franklin Díaz, Armando Suárez Cobián, María Isabel Díaz,... Good. 2008 Run time: 261. Connecting viewers with great movies since 1972. All used discs are inspected and guaranteed. Used discs may not include digital copies. Customer service is our top priority!
Griffin Books
Stamford, CT, USA
Very Good. Very clean privately owned set missing the booklet Please email for photos.
Blu-Ray, Fine/Like New
Benicio Del Toro, Demián Bichir, Santiago Cabrera, Jorge Perugorría, Edgar Ramirez. Fine in fine packaging. 2 discs. Languages: English, Spanish. Run time: 262 mins. Aspect ratio: 2.35: 1/1.78: 1. Originally released: 2008. This used Criterion Collection two (2) Blu-Ray Disc release is as follows. Both Blu-Ray Discs are in fine, clean condition. The 2 jewel cases are in fine, clean condition. The paperboard slipcase enclosure is fine minus with extra light rubbing/bumps at corners. A very nice set. In Spanish Language with English Subtitles. This is The Criterion Collection 2009 First Printing release. The Criterion Collection catalog # 496.
DVD, Fine/Like New
Benicio Del Toro, Demián Bichir, Santiago Cabrera, Jorge Perugorría, Edgar Ramirez. Run time: 262 mins. Aspect ratio: 1.78: 1. Originally released: 2008. 3 discs. Languages: English, Spanish. This used Criterion Collection three (3) DVD Disc release is as follows: DVD Discs are in fine, clean, mint condition. Digi-Pak disc enclosure is in fine, clean condition. External paperboard slipcase is fine minus with some light shelf wear at edges. In Spanish with English subtitles. This is The Criterion Collection 2009 First Printing release. The Criterion Collection catalog # 496.
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Top-Selling Price: Low to High Price: High to Low New Price Release Date Release Date: Rev
Jonathan Ahdout
Drama > Psychological Drama
Alibris UK stock
House of Sand and Fog (2003)
directed by Vadim Perelman
featuring Jennifer Connelly, Ben Kingsley, Ron Eldard, Shohreh Aghdashloo, Jonathan Ahdout, Frances Fisher
The Life Before Her Eyes (2008)
featuring Uma Thurman, Evan Rachel Wood, Eva Amurri, Brett Cullen, Oscar Isaac
Additional copies
These are individual copies that aren't grouped into known titles
1. House of Sand and Fog
Vadim Perelman
Seller Description: Jennifer Connelly; Ben Kingsley; Ron Eldard; Shohreh Aghdashloo; Jonathan Ahdout; Frances Fisher. Very Good. In very good packaging. Run time: 126 mins. Languages: English, Farsi. House of Sand & Fog [DVD] [2004] [Region 1] [US Import] [NTSC] See More Details
2004, DreamWorks
Frances Fisher
Brett Cullen
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Bollywood - The History and Key Elements of Bombay Cinema; With an Excursus on Gurinder Chadha's Cross Cultural Film "Bend It Like Beckham"
by Adeline Pissang (Author)
Term Paper (Advanced seminar) 2004 21 Pages
English Language and Literature Studies - Culture and Applied Geography
eBook for only US$ 4.99
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1. Introductory words and various general facts about Bollywood
2. Always the same film-formula – the recipe for success “’Star Wars’ couldn’t have been made here: No one gets married.” “’Mission Impossible’? Not without a dance number.”
2.1 Commerce
3. History of Bombay cinema
4. Non-resident Indians
4.1 The satellite and video invasion – Non-resident Indians and their favourite leisure time activity
5. Indian women’s traditional roles in real life and on screen
5.1 Gurinder Chadha – An excursus on women’s roles and Western and Bollywood elements in “Bend it Like Beckham”
Cover picture taken from Academy award winner “Lagaan” (www.Lagaan.com)
“East is East, and West is West and never the twain shall meet!” (Rudyard Kipling)
It cannot be denied that the division between these opposite cultural poles exists – but, when reflecting on the Bollywood subject, one has to disagree with this famous quotation by Rudyard Kipling as the Indian cinematic world proves that the East and the West can be in unison. The films of this branch are not only influenced by their homeland’s folk tradition, they are equally affected by MTV’s video styles, young fashion and – of course – Hollywood movies. Likewise, it is true that the Indian spirit has recently become perceptible in Western civilization. Nowadays’ music, clothing and film industry – to name just a few – seem to be more and more inspired by South Asian culture; Indian is said to be “the funkiest trend around”[1] (Sardar, page 14-17).
As we shall see, both poles approach one another. Is it any surprise then that especially non-resident Indians, living in the Western hemisphere, are the centre where both cultures meet? Indian-English director and producer Gurinder Chadha portrayed this mixture of Western elements and Bollywood flair successfully in her latest movie Bend it like Beckham (2002). Among other questions, for example those about the history of Bombay cinema, the film industry’s costs and contents of typical Bollywood epics, this paper will also deal – in an excursus – with this particular movie.
Some general pieces of information about this special film industry might, first of all, provide readers with basic facts necessary for this subject. Every day, 11 million cinemagoers visit 13,000 cinemas across India and, what is more, thousands of Indian films are watched day by day by millions of non-resident Indians living abroad – generally, in the UK or the US. Film business is India’s 6th largest industry (inter alia after textile industry, food industry and chemical industry), over 300,000 workers are employed in it. As in every country of the world teens between 12 and 24 are particularly attracted by the film glitz – India makes no exception in this case (Ninian, page 235). An astonishing amount of 800 films is produced in Bombay[2] every year – compared to Hollywood’s 400. Therefore, Bombay’s film production calls itself Bollywood – simply as an ironical sideswipe at the West. Bollywood basically stands for the Hindi film industry located around this 11.5 million people metropolis. Bombay is the second largest city in India and considered by many as the actual capital – this is certainly due to the fact that Bombay’s film branch is by far the most commercial and influencing one, although other regional film companies, most of them in the south, exist (The Economist, Issue 8183, page 57f).
The reason for the success of Bollywood movies remains still obscure. In his essay, named Bollywood, Alex Ninian tries to find reasons for its triumph, namely by suggesting that this rich mix of Indian myth, tradition, religion and history creates an exceptional uniqueness which is incomparable to other countries’ cultures. Furthermore, Ninian illustrates that arts like poetry, music, painting and drama are joined together and that all these provide the Indian film branch with an exclusive and individual character (Ninian, page 236). The controversial author Salman Rushdie found a very precise and creative term that sums up the subject of Indian films perfectly, describing it as: “Epico-Mythico-Tragico-Comico-Super-Sexy-High-Masala-Art” (Salman Rushdi, 1995 in “The Moor’s Last Sigh” quoted in Mishra, page 2).
Another argument we should take into consideration when regarding Bollywood’s triumph is the fact that in a nation, in which 5 per cent or even less of its population are able to read, the only access for the masses to prose and poetry is to watch Bollywood films and to listen to the ornate style dialogues and lyrical songs. Thus, it is no coincidence that some film stars gain more attention from the public than politicians do. Logically, some of them secured this initial advantage by putting their foot in politics and are now running several organizations in India (Dasgupta, page 173-190).
In the following section I will rethink the subject of success more detailed while the key elements of Indian epics will be presented. Furthermore, I will look at the commercial situation.
In his article “Inside Bollywood”, Lewis M. Simons sums up the typical plot of Indian films, which is nearly always the same, with the following satirical words:[3]
“[…] boy meets, wins, loses and regains girl, during which time they run through vast wardrobes, turn up at locations all over the world, kiss (rarely) but in no other way indulge their passion, serenade each other with no fewer than six songs, and join chorus lines in half a dozen dance numbers. While all this is going on, family crises erupt and are settled, murders are committed and solved, cars are chased and destroyed. Oh, and the good guys win.” (Simons, page 46-55)
Surprisingly, Indians never get tired of watching the same scheme of love triangles and family tragedies again and again. Love, hate, sorrow, disgust, joy, compassion, pity, pride and courage, coupled with a lot of song and dance, coincidences and a rather “black and white” characterization are the fundamental principles of Indian cinema (Simons, page 46-55; Mishra, page 35ff).
Not only can regular film-goers predict the happy endings of most Bollywood films, but they also wholeheartedly cry each time the love between the hero and his girl in a “light-coloured sari” (Aftab, page 88) overcomes family intrigues at the end of the story (Kaur, page 201). It must be stressed that, especially in rural communities, Indian girls and boys are still tightly controlled by their parents; even holding hands is often forbidden to them. This might explain why audiences love to see people expressing their feelings on screen (Marquand, page 1).
Taking all these facts into account, the question should be raised again, why these typical contents of Bollywood epics are still a guarantee for the success of the Bollywood machinery although the story is always “recycled” or rather repeated. One answer may be that this is mainly because Bollywood films provide an escape from the severe Indian everyday-life, the harsh reality, into a created film world in which all problems are solved in the end and the characters on screen get rich by a lucky chance. It is little wonder that India’s poor population wants to have a temporary relief from reality and worries and does not want to see an imitation of their life in form of pictures. Since especially the rural populations are desperately poor and often live in strict patriarchal families of old-fashioned, medieval style, they long for positive illusion (Marquand, page 1). According to this, the editor of the film magazine “G”, Bhawana Somaaya, states that,
“When they’ve tried to make realistic pictures about the poor and the middle classes, they get miserable attendance. […] Rural India definitely is not interested in movies about rural India. And the affluent, educated in urban India, are looking […] to New York and London.” (Bhawana Somaaya, quoted in Simons, page 46-55)
To sum up the last paragraph, it can be said that impoverishment causes a certain hunger for cinematic illusions and helps to forget the feeling of resentment if only for a limited time[4].
Whereas many critics underline the aforesaid, namely that Bollywood film plots are not reflecting reality, Ravinder Kaur’s article Viewing the West through Bollywood: a celluloid Occident in the making involves judgements illustrating the contrary. He says that although only a part of India’s reality is presented in Bollywood blockbusters and problems such as droughts and famine in India are mainly left out, the films nonetheless do reflect the life of a representative urban middle class household[5] (Kaur, page 208). Bollywood movies have always centred around the affluent milieu of the upper-caste and middle-class Hindus. Long-established family rituals, such as engagement and marriage ceremonies, Mehndi rituals[6] or the welcome of a newborn child, take place in innumerable scenes. But these scenes are at the same time different from the films of the previous decades – the capitalist influence is becoming more and more obvious. The way the luxury food and drinks are captured by the camera – i.e. slowly gliding over western chocolate bars and soft drinks – is an absolutely new kind of shooting. This kind of camera take clearly reflects India’s “policy of economic liberalization” (Alessandrini, page 324); which causes the effect that people get the impression that the country has still much wealth, although in reality the unemployment rate has been increasing since 1991.
[1] Examples for Bollywood slowly entering the western world can be easily displayed: Andrew Lloyd Webber successfully produced his new musical Bombay Dreams, Monsoon Wedding was a hit in Western cinemas, the album The very Best of Bollywood Songs recently reached the UK charts, the BBC’s advertising campaign includes colourful trailers with female Indian dancers and Pot Noodle even created a new flavour named Bombay Bad Boy (Sardar, page 14-17; Shamsie, page 26-29)!
[2] At this point it is necessary to point out that Bombay is actually the old fashioned British Empire form of Mumbai. Nowadays, the latter form is the one which is politically correct. In this paper context the name Bombay is used to indicate the connection between Bombay and Bollywood.
[3] Quotation taken from Robert Marquand: “Hooray for Bollywood’s tales of love“ in Christian Science Monitor; 10/20/99, Vol. 91, Issue 227.
[4] Tanuja Chandra, famous director of Bollywood epics, defends its simple and romantic formula - boy meets girl - the following way: “Indians all know they have another hard day tomorrow, so if you want a commercial blockbuster, you have to do a love story, […], people want complete fantasy, a world minus problems. We don’t see anything wrong with that” (Tanuja Chandra, quoted in Marquand, page 1).
[5] In addition, Ravinder Kaur even affirms that “the belief that popular Indian cinema is removed from reality is misplaced” (Kaur, page 208).
[6] Rituals in which women’s legs, arms and fingers are highly decorated with henna-ornaments.
Institution / College
Dresden Technical University – Institute for Anglistics
2,0 (B)
Bollywood History Elements Bombay Cinema With Excursus Gurinder Chadha Cross Cultural Film Bend Like Beckham Hauptseminar Asian British Culture
Adeline Pissang (Author)
5 titles published
How identity is reflected in British working class films
Die Arbeit mit Narinder Dhamis Roman 'Bend It Like Beckham' in einem Grundkurs der Jahrgangsstufe 11 als Beitrag zu interkulturellem Lernen
Bollywood - Einblicke in den populären indischen Film
Asian-British inter-ethnic relationships as reviewed in the movie “Bend it like Beckham”
Essay zum Film "Bend it like Beckham"
"A History of Violence" meets a History of Classical Cinema
Cross Cultural Communication
British Culture since 1945: Part I
Sehnsucht nach Unmöglichem? Zum Thema Vergangenheitsbewältigung am Beispiel von Bernhard Schlinks ´Der Vorleser´
British Culture since 1945: Part II
British Culture since 1945 Part III
British culture since 1945 Part IV
The Purpose of Intercultural Learning. Teaching about British Culture in the English Foreign Language Classroom
British Cultural Studies: An Overview
Die Repräsentation der indischen Frau im Bollywoodfilm
Intercultural learning on the example of Asian British Literature
Das Prinzip der Traumatisierung in den Romanen 'Der Vorleser' von Bernhard Schlink und 'weiter leben' von Ruth Klüger unter fachdidaktischem Aspekt
What it feels like to move from one culture to another - an analysis of migration problems in "Frozen Waterfall" by Gaye Hiçyilmaz
The potential of the novel "Bend it like Beckham" for intercultural learning in the EFL classroom
Success Factors of Virtual Teams in the Conflict of Cross-Cultural Team Structures
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← Impact of the crisis on civil society organisations in the EU – Risks and opportunities
Citizen University and the difference between Citizenship and Activism →
Eurobarometer: Citizens Engaged in Participatory Democracy
Some additional questions to be asked and answered:
How can we measure the success of citizen engagement initiatives?
How essential are processes of organizational and institutional change?
Can political will towards increased participation be stimulated?
What role does organized civil society play in citizen engagement processes?
How can we foster inclusiveness and what are the impacts of different methods of participant selection (e.g. open, randomized)?
Can we learn anything from the private sector about listening to external audiences?
What is the actual role of technology (if any) in participatory processes?
HKS Panel Discusses Urban Democracy (thecrimson.com)
New York City Council Member Brad Lander and Somerville Mayor Joseph A. Curtatone discussed the role citizens can play in crafting a local budget in a talk about urban democracy and civic engagement at the Harvard Kennedy School on Wednesday.
“Recently, there’s been a rebirth of urban democracy. You see this in community policy, school involvement, etc,” said Kennedy School professor Archon Fung, who introduced the panel. “The deepest, most notable form of participatory democracy in the urban setting, however, is participatory budgeting.”
The process of citizens drafting their own communities’ budgets, known as participatory budgeting, has been adopted in locales around the world.
How can participatory development be improved? (devex.com)
Community development projects, and interventions that attempt to improve the “demand side” of governance, are premised on the belief that public participation will necessarily solve failures in governments and markets. The problem in the design of these interventions, however, is that civic capacity is either assumed to be high rather than something to be nurtured or is developed in a manner that does not realistically deal with the challenge of encouraging participation.
failures in government that plague most poor countries — wastage and leakage, unequal access, corruption, and poor coordination — can be potentially solved by effective public participation and civic action.
The problem lies in the incorrect assumption that failures in government can be necessarily solved by public participation. Communities are not just faced with failures in governments and markets but also by civil society’s shortcomings — the same challenges of poor coordination, and inequalities in power, information and access that affect markets and governments. The challenge of development lies in solving the unhealthy nexus of failures in markets, government and civil society. This does not allow for easy solutions.
Eurobarometer: Does economic crisis erode CSR? (energment.wordpress.com)
The results of the Eurobarometer survey should act as a “bell” for European businesses which cause more distrust of public opinion as to the socially responsible orientation.Europeans see job creation as the positive impact of businesses (57%) of their contribution to economic development to follow (37%). On the negative side of entrepreneurship, research revealed corruption (41%), layoffs (39%) and environmental pollution (39%). Corruption refers more to developing economies particularly in India (71%) and China (65%).
Brazilians (65%), Canadians (60%) and Indians (57%) are more concerned about the environmental impact of business, while one quarter of Europeans say that encourage overconsumption.
Op-Ed: Fight Member Item Corruption Using Participatory Budgeting (gothamgazette.com)
We believe in allowing voters the freedom to shape policy and contribute to the collective conversation by not simply being on the receiving end of a politician’s agenda, but actively helping to shape their own communities and futures. People can vote for the solutions they like, or contribute their own innovations — leading to a participatory conversation about the best way forward.
A new report by Eurobarometer on citizen engagement in participatory democracy has been recently published. Here are some of the findings:
A third (34%) of respondents say that they have signed a petition in the last two years. However, the proportion of people who have done this ranges considerably, from 53% in the UK to 7% in Cyprus. Other relatively popular forms of engagement are expressing one’s views online (28%), expressing one’s views with an elected local representative (24%), and taking part in a public debate at local or regional level (18%).
Men are more likely than women to have attempted to express their view using most of the means under discussion; they are also more likely to be members of an NGO or similar association.
A fifth of respondents (20%) are members of an organisation with a specific economic, social, environmental, cultural or sporting interest, while 17% are in another organisation with a special interest, and…
About Marcus Ampe
Retired dancer, choreographer, choreologist Founder of the Dance impresario office and archive: Danscontact-Dansarchief plus the Association for Bible scholars, the Lifestyle magazines "Stepping Toes" and "From Guestwriters" and creator of the site "Messiah for all". - Gepensioneerd danser, choreograaf, choreoloog. Stichter van Danscontact-Dansarchief plus van de Vereniging voor Bijbelvorsers, de Lifestyle magazines "Stepping Toes" en "From Guestwriters" en maker van de site "Messiah for all".
View all posts by Marcus Ampe →
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Posted on August 26, 2014 August 26, 2014 Categories Uncategorized
Ruble. Doodle by me.
Some etymologies drive the point home perfectly–and others have a way of bringing it all together.
Such is the case with the word loot, which has surfaced–and I think in an insidiously racialized manner–amid the unrest in Ferguson, Missouri. Its origin, however, is far, far away from the American Midwest.
Loot derives from the Hindi lut, meaning “spoil,” “booty,” or “plunder,” and was taken into English as a result of British colonialism in the Indian subcontinent.
The word is first attested in 1788 in a glossary of Indian words–The Indian vocabulary: to which is prefixed the Forms of impeachment. It was designed to aid Englishmen in understanding native words used in the impeachment of a British governor, William Hastings, accused of corruption in his post in India.
It’s attested again in 1839 in the erstwhile British publication Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine:
The annals of the Pindarry war show how easily a marauding force, held together solely by the hope of spoil, is collected in India. The famous freebooting leader, Ameer Khan (lately dead), on being asked how he contrived to keep together the various tribes and religions found in the ranks of his motley followers, said that he always found the talismanic gathering-word ‘Loot’ (plunder), a sufficient bond of union in any part of India; and in those devastating hordes of cavalry, the Cossacks and Bashkirs would find a similarity not only in habits and pursues, but even in name, the term Cosak being in common use throughout the north of India to indicate a predatory horseman.
Putting aside the rather invidious characterization of indigenous populations, the passage describes one, Amir Khan, a Pathan freebooter in northern India who wielded control over an army of tribal mercenaries. Often commissioned by allies, he would sic his soldiers on enemies, securing their services through the promise of loot–the spoils of war. Khan eventually surrendered to British forces. And, as the author points out, Cossack should indeed evoke the horseback militiamen in southern Russia/Ukraine: They take their name from the Turkish kazak, “free man” or “wanderer.” Kazakhstan is cognate. But we’ll get back to Russia in a moment.
*Reup-
Another Anglo-Indian glossary–this one the famed, 1886 Hobson-Jobson: A Glossary of Colloquial Anglo-Indian Words and Phrases, and of Kindred Terms, Etymological, Historical, Geographical and Discursive–gives us a little more information on this lut.
According to it, the Hindi lut is taken from its parent language, the Sanskrit lotra, meaning “to rob.” A variant, loptra, is suggested, as well as the word lunt. Lotra, in turn, is from the Sanskrit root lup or rup, “to break.” Other colloquial terms included looty and lootiewallah for “plunderer.”
From here, historical linguistics point us back to the Proto-Indo-European *reup-, “to snatch.” And this root has been much in the news, so to speak.
A volcanic eruption appears imminent in Iceland and clashes are erupting in Africa over Ebola quarantines. Erupt is ultimately from the Latin rumpere (like lup/rup, “break,” “burst,” “split”), traced back to *reup-. Interrupt, corrupt, and bankrupt, among others, are also so derived.
Russian convoys in Ukraine have been disruptive (another example), to say the least. More sanctions were threatened to hurt their rubles. Indeed, ruble is also believed to be from *reup-, from a Slavic root for “hew” or “chop,” referring to the way specific amounts of currency were historically cut off from silver bars.
And many are still feeling bereaved over the death of Robin Williams. Bereave–and its base, reave–are from a Germanic iteration of *reup- for “rob.” Via a French borrowing, rob itself is derived from this as well.
Maybe all this makes you just want to surrender to your bathrobe. But you might want to rip that off, too. Like rob, robe is French via the same Germanic root for rob, here referring to “clothes taken as booty.” And rip? Yep, that’s ultimately from *reup-, too.
Ah! What are we to do? Perhaps play with your dog Rover or sate your curiosity and marvel at the astonishing feat of the Mars Rover? Nope. It’s inescapable. Via a Dutch term for “sea-robber” or “pirate,” rover, cognate to reave, is also looted from that same Proto-Indo-European *reup-.
We got a lot of loot out of *reup-.
Tagged English, etymology, French, Germanic, Hindi, language, Latin, loot, Proto-Indo-European, Russian, Sanskrit, word origins
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Vanessa Chauhan
Hometown: Edmonton, AB
Occupation: TV Show Host & Project Manager
Keep your eyes on this beauty! Vanessa Chauhan is a TV show host, commercial and print model, award winning humanitarian, fitness enthusiast, and an ambassador for the United Na-tions Association of Canada. Graduating with a Bachelor of Commerce degree, her resume has far exceeded her expectations!
For her humanitarian work and global volunteerism, her mayor and city council awarded her the prestigious Citizen Recognition Award. Noting her passion for numerous causes and charities, work in the community and for helping Fort McMurray evacuees like herself during the 2016 wildfire. Recently she has been nominated for the Volunteer Medal Award from the Canadian Government and keeps charity work and volunteering at the top of her priorities.
Her TV show is all about charity and giving back! Galas and Giving has been Vanessa’s crea-tive outlet to show her love for charity and public speaking! Each episode touches on a different charity and how people can give back and show support in their own way!
When she is not in front of the camera, you will find her at the gym, volunteering, planning chari-ty events and United Nations youth programs. Working for the UN has been a highlight and ac-complished goal that Vanessa is extremely proud of. Through focusing on eradicating racial dis-crimination and promoting inclusion in schools with sport programs, she has been able to speak with youth about anti-bullying, anti racism and confidence. Which she feels is a very timely cause in our society.
Vanessa’s humanitarian heart, public speaking skills, experience as an ambassador and deter-mination show that there is nothing that she can’t do! Vanessa hopes to utilize the Miss Universe Canada 2018 title as a larger platform to share her humanitarian work with the world and make Canada proud on the Miss Universe stage!
Recently I am spending a lot of time in front of the camera. Not just for my TV Show but also for print and commercial modelling. I really enjoy the free lance work and meeting new people. I love hosting my show the most though! Nothing makes me happier than seeing an episode come together and showcase how people can give back and help a charity. I think that I do best in an ambassador role, and the show really allows me the creative outlet to highlight charity and community.
I have been blessed with so many opportunities, one being able to work with the UN and landing my own show. Being in the public eye on a regular basis has really developed my improvisation and public speaking skills as well as camera etiquette. Hosting events, volunteering and being professionally trained for commercial and print modelling really helps me stay at ease in almost any situation. Recently I have been working with a vocal coach, as singing has always been my hidden passion.
My love for fitness was fostered purely from my love of sport. I played competitively in numerous sports. I primarily enjoyed volleyball, badminton, track and field placing both locally and provincially. I now love running and just getting myself to the gym for a good strength training session and I know that my involvement in sports brought me to the balanced lifestyle I lead now.
The female business owners in my close friend circle have had the most impact on my life in the past year. I love women in business. Coming from a commerce educational background, I know that they are truly fearless and can always use support but I also admire how determined they are. And it gives me faith that I can do that too. I know from competing for the title of Miss Universe Canada that I am determined, creative, giving and ambitious like they are. It really has helped me envision my path towards being a business owner and starting my first charity organization! I see big things in my future that I know the title of Miss Universe Canada would amplify!
Landing my own show was definitely a huge moment for me in my career. And something I never thought I would do, but it makes sense for me and my personality. Charity work and public speaking are two things I truly enjoy. So I’m glad the network chose me for the job! But also for my humanitarian and volunteer work, I was awarded the Mayor and Council’s Citizen Recognition Award. My MLA wrote me a personal letter thanking me for my work over the years and congratulating me on winning this award. I am really proud of this accomplishment because humanitarianism is a huge focus in my life and to be honoured by my city Council and Mayor is something I never dreamed of happening. Now being a nominee for the Volunteer Medal Award is huge and also something I never saw coming. I guess we will see what else I get up too in 2018!
My career ambition is to eventually have my own charitable organization that would work along side of the United Nations and aid children in third world countries who do not have a stable home life or the proper amenities to be able to develop fully. It is one of my life goals to achieve this and I am already on the path to achieving this through working with the UN. My show and considerable volunteering have really shown me the ropes of what it takes to start and run a charitable organization. My education lines up perfectly and my charity event planning during my years competing will definitely come into play once I have my charitable organization off the ground!
Of course one of my dream jobs is the position of Miss Universe Canada. The crown is the ultimate microphone for making a change. Becoming Miss Universe Canada is an unparalleled opportunity to draw attention to those who are do not have a voice for themselves. Through my ambassadorship, volunteerism, and charity involvement I know I embody all the attributes a great titleholder needs to have an impactful reign. They also will come in handy when I start my first business and charity organization. Which are my two other dream jobs.
I was raised in a small town called Stony Plain, Alberta. It’s one of my favourite places in the world. Everyone is very friendly, and it is one of those places that everyone knows everyone. The school system and town placed a lot of emphasis on developing good citizens. Volunteerism, sportsmanship, mental toughness and manners were an integral part of our school curriculum. My parents both worked very hard and although I never struggled to have anything, they made sure I grew up understanding the value of a dollar, which lead me to understand how much I could give to my community and people suffering globally through volunteerism and charity work.
The most unusual job I have had now is easily editing and producing my show. Even though I could just host and be fine with that portion of production, I get a great deal of happiness and entertainment from editing my own product. I have learned so much about television production, editing software and the tricks of the trade! I never had an interest in watching TV as an adult but a huge sense of accomplishment comes across me when I see my final product on a Television or a fan tells me that they enjoyed the episode!
Over the past years I have been actively planning charitable fundraisers for Operation Smile Canada Foundation, SPCA, United Nations Children’s Fund, and the Canadian Red Cross. And although I was a evacuee of the 2016 wildfire, I also raised funds and provided relief services for evacuees like myself when they settled down in my hometown of Edmonton.
Some other organizations I have volunteered with as well are:
Community Clean up 2014-2018
Canadian Breast Cancer Society
The Food Bank
SOS Children’s Villages
Edmonton Hope Mission
Goodwill Industries of Alberta
2013 Calgary Flood Relief
RMWB- Culture Days
I recently found out that I have a talent for remembering a song title and artist just from hearing one lyric of the song. It’s been most useful when the title of the song is on the tip of someone else tongue!
Normally I would answer this question with one of the many countries I enjoy visiting. But I must say that the most interesting place would be any SPCA I have been too. Its wonderful to go into your local animal shelter and give those animals love and care, even if you can for only a few hours. They appreciate it and maybe you will come out with a new friend to take home. But adoption is definitely the way to go when it comes to choosing a pet. There are so many deserving animals who need homes! And I always find it interesting and beautiful that animals who have been surrendered by their previous owners, can still have so much trust in humans and want to be adopted again! Animals are truly pure at heart!
In ten years I would like to be coming back to congratulate the Miss Universe Canada 2028 as Miss Universe Canada 2018. (One can dream right?) I also hope to be running my own business and charitable organization. I hope that I can be an example to other women in business, that they can achieve their goals with confidence and determination!
I would say that it is through competing for the title of Miss Universe Canada that I have achieved so many of my goals and have been blessed with the opportunities that I have been given. The competition has built me up and allowed me to build other women up as well in so many ways. It has allowed me to become a role model, ambassador and public figure, and nothing would make me happier than to make Canada proud on the 2018 Miss Universe stage.
Ruwix is the most popular website dedicated to online puzzle programs and tutorials.
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Kelley Cresap – Authors “A Love-Hate Guide to Breaking Bad”
Dec 11, 2017 | Celebration Stories, Community News
#New Warrior Kelly Cresap, a certified co-leader of 15 NWTA’s who has has staffed over 40 NWTA’s, along with holding many leadership roles in the ManKind Project Mid Atlantic Area has published a new book A Love-Hate Guide To “Breaking Bad” which has been very well received.
One reviewer commented “Most of the books I’ve seen about “Breaking Bad” have been by fans or are boringly academic, either patting the show on the back or trying to impress us with how much Heidegger someone has read. “A Love-Hate Guide” makes it feel as if they haven’t had much real skin in the game. We do have a national drug crisis, after all, but Cresap at least has a sense of humor about the show’s contradictions. He is willing to look at the good and the bad, which is what we all should be doing.”
Another reviewer writes “If Walter White’s center does not hold, Kelly Cresap’s does. His book *A Love-Hate Guide to Breaking Bad* dares to go big and be both funny and thoughtful.”
Cresap commented that “It sometimes felt as if it took the entire 16 years of my active engagement with MKP to give me the intestinal fortitude and emotional literacy to withstand the turns and undertows this project took me through. If you’ve seen ‘Breaking Bad,’ you may sympathize.” Further, he credited a number of men in MKP with giving him crucial support and advice as he wrote the book.
How does Cresap’s book overlap with the ManKind Project ? Near the end of the book Cresap makes a link between “Breaking Bad” and three out of four of the elements of male initiation:
“In tribal lore the rite of male initiation involves an adolescent going into the wild to test limits, measure endurance, and discover strength, to learn whether he has what it takes to become a man. This process is not only about the young initiate but the community to which he returns. The initiation consists of four phases: separation, descent, ordeal, and return.”
In Cresap’s view the TV series covers the first three of these, but not the fourth. He writes, “In the return phase, village elders ask these pivotal questions to determine the initiation’s value: What did you learn, and how will we all benefit?” Since that doesn’t happen in “Breaking Bad,” Cresap was inspired to ask these questions of viewers, and in effect to supply the missing return phase.
Cresap’s previous book Pop Trickster Fool: WARHOL PERFORMS NAIVETE was also well received.
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Molecular Neurodegeneration
Research article | Open | Published: 01 August 2015
Brca1 is expressed in human microglia and is dysregulated in human and animal model of ALS
Harun Najib Noristani1,
Jean Charles Sabourin2,
Yannick Nicolas Gerber1,2,
Marisa Teigell1,
Andreas Sommacal3,
Maria dM Vivanco4,
Markus Weber3 &
Florence Evelyne Perrin1,2,5
Molecular Neurodegenerationvolume 10, Article number: 34 (2015) | Download Citation
There is growing evidence that microglia are key players in the pathological process of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). It is suggested that microglia have a dual role in motoneurone degeneration through the release of both neuroprotective and neurotoxic factors.
To identify candidate genes that may be involved in ALS pathology we have analysed at early symptomatic age (P90), the molecular signature of microglia from the lumbar region of the spinal cord of hSOD1G93A mice, the most widely used animal model of ALS. We first identified unique hSOD1G93A microglia transcriptomic profile that, in addition to more classical processes such as chemotaxis and immune response, pointed toward the potential involvement of the tumour suppressor gene breast cancer susceptibility gene 1 (Brca1). Secondly, comparison with our previous data on hSOD1G93A motoneurone gene profile substantiated the putative contribution of Brca1 in ALS. Finally, we established that Brca1 protein is specifically expressed in human spinal microglia and is up-regulated in ALS patients.
Overall, our data provide new insights into the pathogenic concept of a non-cell-autonomous disease and the involvement of microglia in ALS. Importantly, the identification of Brca1 as a novel microglial marker and as possible contributor in both human and animal model of ALS may represent a valid therapeutic target. Moreover, our data points toward novel research strategies such as investigating the role of oncogenic proteins in neurodegenerative diseases.
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is characterised by selective motoneurones degeneration in the spinal cord, brainstem and motor cortex leading to progressive muscle weakness, atrophy and paralysis. Approximately 90 % of ALS patients are sporadic whilst 10 % are familial cases with genetic mutations in SOD1 (Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase 1), FUS (fused in sarcoma), TARDBP (also known as TDP-43) and C9ORF72, among others [1]. Transgenic mice over-expressing the human mutated gene for SOD1 develop an adult-onset paralysis that closely recapitulates human ALS [2]. Recent studies have established that ALS is a complex multi-factorial disease that involves several cellular partners including glial cells [3].
Microglia, the resident immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS), when activated, release pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines that are generally associated with M1 and M2 phenotypes [4, 5]. Microglia have a dual role in ALS with an early protective effect on motoneurones but also a detrimental effect due to the secretion of neurotoxic factors [6]. It is hypothesised that progressive motoneurone death results from the combination of intrinsic motoneurones vulnerability and toxicity from neighbouring cells such as microglia [6]. In ALS patients and animal models, there is a clear microglia activation [3], in particular we have shown an early involvement of microglia in hSOD1G93A mice [7]. Understanding the contribution of microglia to motoneurone degeneration is of high priority. One means of analysing the role of a cell population in a process network is to study gene expression alterations in this given population. In addition, an integrative comparison of the specific molecular signatures of several cellular partners is necessary to decipher the crosstalk between these cells. We have previously identified gene dysregulation in pure motoneurones from the lumbar spinal cord of hSOD1G93A mice [8] and two other mouse models of motoneurone disease [9]. We revealed a unique motoneurone gene expression profile characterised by an absence of dysregulation of genes associated with cell death and a massive up-regulation of genes involved in cell growth [8].
Growing evidence points toward mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative DNA damage in ALS [10]. Defence mechanisms, including SOD, counteract excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species, however in ALS, cellular antioxidant defences are insufficient leading to damage of nucleic acids, proteins and lipids [11]. Inherited mutations in breast cancer susceptibility gene 1 (Brca1), a well-known tumour suppressor implicated in familial breast and ovarian cancers, is one of the best defined risk factor for development of breast and ovarian cancer. Brca1 plays important roles in a broad spectrum of functions including transcription regulation, cell cycle checkpoint activation, apoptosis, chromosomal remodelling, ubiquitination and DNA repair [12]. The role of Brca1 in each of these processes remains to be fully understood but it is hypothesized that it act as a scaffold for the formation of complexes with a wide range of proteins [13]. This ability of Brca1 to interact with different proteins may underlie its involvement in a variety of cellular processes [13]. Brca1 also exerts a protective role against oxidative stress via up-regulation of antioxidant genes and maintenance of the redox balance through up-regulating the expression of heat shock protein HSP27 [14, 15].
In breast cancer, Brca1 cellular localisation as well as the significance of its altered localisation, is still a matter of debate. It had been recently shown that in normal breast, Brca1 nuclear expression is strong and uniform in parenchymal cells whereas in malignant cells its expression is reduced if not absent from the nucleus and is, in some cases, observed in the cytoplasm [16]. Interestingly, altered expression of Brca1 was associated with poor prognosis and shortened survival. In the adult rodent CNS, the presence of Brca1 is detected only in neurons [17] whereas a high Brca1 expression is observed in embryonic [17, 18] and adult neural stem cells and is involved in cell proliferation [18].
Here we identify putative Brca1 involvement in ALS via hSOD1G93A microglia gene profiling and comparisons to our previous transcriptomic findings in hSOD1G93A motoneurones. We then demonstrated that Brca1 is a novel marker of human microglia and is up-regulated in ALS patients.
Transcriptomic analysis of FACS isolated microglia from control and hSOD1G93A lumber spinal cord
We have previously described early microglial disturbances in hSOD1G93A male mice reflected at P90 by a heterogeneous Iba1+ microglial distribution with higher density within the grey matter in hSOD1G93A mice as compared to control [7, 19]. Since activated microglia/macrophages exhibit increased CD11b expression, we carried out CD11b immunostaining (Fig. 1a & b). CD11b-positive microglia displayed enlarged somata with short and thick processes that are typical of a reactive phenotype and were predominantly found in hSOD1G93A mice (Fig. 1b). To further analyse transcriptomic modification specifically in microglia, we isolated microglia of hSOD1G93A and control littermate males at early symptomatic age (P90) from the lumbar spinal cord (L1-L5) that corresponds to the onset of degeneration. Microglia were isolated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) using CD11b (Fig. 1c–e). We observed a 1.65-fold increase in the total number of CD11b+ microglia in hSOD1G93A versus controls (26 350; n = 15 in hSOD1G93A and 15 900; n = 26 in control; Fig. 1c & d). RNA extracted from FACS purified microglia was of high quality (Fig. 1f) and microarrays analysis revealed 630 dysregulated genes (260 down-regulated and 370 up-regulated, Additional file 1: Table S1).
FACS analysis of CD11b+ microglia in control and hSOD1G93A mice from the lumbar segment of the spinal cords at 90 days of age. Microglia were sorted by flow cytometry using the microglia marker CD11b. a Confocal images of CD11b expression in spinal cord microglia from control at 90 day of age and (b) from transgenic hSOD1G93A mice at early symptomatic age. Scale bars (a & b): 50 μm. c–d Representative flow cytometry analysis dot plot displaying microglia profiles. c Control and (d) hSOD1G93A spinal microglia at P90. In both (c) control and (d) hSOD1G93A surrounded areas, designed as “P4”, correspond to the labelled cells. e Negative control (without CD11b labelling). The X-axis represents the intensity of fluorescence and the Y axis the size of the cells. f RNA quality isolated from FACSed microglia
Cross-talk between microglia and motoneurones
We had previously identified dysregulated genes in hSOD1G93A motoneuronse during disease progression [8, 9]. To unravel potential molecular cross-talk between microglia and motoneurones, we performed a comparative analysis of gene dysregulation in both cell populations. Comparison of dysregulated genes at P90 between motoneurones (102 genes) and microglia (668 genes) revealed 19 common genes (Additional file 2: Figure S1A). Process network rankings were clearly different in the commonly dysregulated genes (in motoneurones and microglia) and uniquely dysregulated genes. Antigen presentation was classified first in the common group, whilst cytoskeleton and cytoplasmic microtubules genes were top ranked in motoneurones only set (Additional file 3: Table S2A). Similarly, cellular processes analysis ranked first immune response and antigen presentation in the common group whereas response to stress, regulation of immune response, system development and wounding response were the top 4 ranked processes in motoneurones only group (Additional file 3: Table S2B). Signalling and metabolic pathway analysis revealed immune response and cytoskeleton remodelling as first ranked in the commonly and motoneurone only dysregulated genes, respectively (Additional file 3: Table S2C).
We have previously shown that microglial reactivity precedes neuronal death in hSOD1G93A mice [7]; to seek for potential modifications in microglia that could trigger motoneurone death, we compared dysregulated genes at P90 in microglia and P120 in motoneurones. Our previous microarrays analysis of microdissected motoneurones at the end stage of the disease (P120) showed no dysregulation of genes associated with cell death [8], this most likely reflects that dissected motoneurones were at an early demise stage. Indeed, we selected motoneurones that had an identifiable nucleus and a diameter of at least 25 μm, picking a sub-population of neurones that may resist degeneration. Three hundred twenty genes were uniquely dysregulated in hSOD1G93A motoneurones; 603 uniquely dysregulated in hSOD1G93A microglia; 65 genes were common (Additional file 2: Figure S1B). Clear differences were highlighted not only between the genes that were commonly and uniquely dysregulated but also in the ranking as compared to the previous analysis (microglia and motoneurones at P90, Additional file 4: Table S3). Particularly, inflammation and immune response were ranked top in motoneurones (Additional file 4: Table S3A). Interestingly, signalling and metabolic pathway analysis revealed the involvement of heme metabolism and DNA damage in both motoneurones and microglia (Additional file 4: Table S3C).
Unique transcriptomic profiles of hSOD1G93A microglia
To identify processes and pathways modified in hSOD1G93A microglia, we carried out gene ontology enrichment and network analysis (Additional file 5: Table S4A–C; Fig. 2). Process network analysis ranked as first chemotaxis (Additional file 5: Table S4A, Fig. 2a) with 23 dysregulated transcripts out of 137 annotated genes in this process (17 %, p = 2.1E-08) (Additional file 5: Table S4A). Out of the 18 most significantly dysregulated genes, 4 were down-regulated with a maximum of 2-fold whereas 14 were up-regulated (Fig. 2a). The gene coding for osteopontin (SPP1) presents a 16.8-fold increase (Additional file 1: Table S1). Regulation of angiogenesis (ranked 8th, Additional file 5: Table S4A, Fig. 2e) displayed 22 dysregulated genes (223 genes in this process, 9.8 %, p = 7.3E-04), with 16 being up-regulated. Inflammation network was also dysregulated in hSOD1G93A microglia (ranked 9th, 9 % of the annotated genes in this process, p = 1.4E-04, Additional file 5: Table S4A, Fig. 2d) with 14 up-regulated genes (including a 12.6 fold increase for IGF-1, Fig. 2d). GO cellular processes analysis ranked immune response as first (61/1505 genes, 4 %, p = 1.3E-18, Additional file 5: Table S4B, Fig. 2b). Out of the 38 most significantly dysregulated genes 5 were down-regulated with a maximum of 2.97-fold decrease for the gene coding for alpha-synuclein, whereas 33 were up-regulated. Genes coding for CCL5 (5.1-fold change (FC)) and CXCL13 (5.7-FC) were the most up-regulated (Additional file 1: Table S1). Regulation of blood coagulation was ranked 3rd (50/665 genes, 7.5 %, p = 1.8E-09, Additional file 5: Table S4B, Fig. 2f). Amongst the 29 most significantly dysregulated genes 8 were down-regulated and 21 were up-regulated. Hypoxia was the 4th dysregulated cellular processes (31/416 genes, 7.45 %, p = 8.3E-09, Additional file 5: Table S4B). Out of the 20 most significantly dysregulated genes 4 were down-regulated and 16 were up-regulated (Fig. 2c).
Enrichment and network analysis of dysregulated gene in pure hSOD1G93A microglia at 90 days of age. Categories networks and gene ontology processes that are most significantly modified in hSOD1G93A microglia at 90 days as compared to control microglia. In each category, the most dysregulated genes are presented
Breast cancer 1 (Brca1) pathway is dysregulated in hSOD1G93A mice
Pathways map analysis ranked as the third position DNA damage and specifically the involvement of Brca1 as a transcription regulator (Additional file 5: Table S4C, Figs. 2g and 3). Indeed, in hSOD1G93A microglia (7/30 genes, 23 %; p = 1.6E-05, Additional file 5: Table S4C) were dysregulated in the canonical Brca1 pathway. GADD45α and SP3 transcription factor were down-regulated with FC of 2.6 and 1.9, respectively. Genes coding for p21 (2.18-FC), PCNA (1.85-FC), STAT1 (1.9-FC), c-Myc (1.8-FC) and Brca1 (1.76-FC) were up-regulated (Additional file 1: Table S1 and Fig. 2g). Concomitant dysregulation of these genes clearly pointed toward a potential involvement of Brca1 as a transcription regulator (Fig. 2g and red and blue thermometers labelled in Fig. 3). Interestingly, even if Brca1 transcript itself was not dysregulated in motoneurones, 4 genes that are involved in Brca1 pathway were also up-regulated in hSOD1G93A motoneurones namely p21: 7.88-FC; GADD45α: 5.19-FC; Rb protein: 2.44-FC and ATF-1: 2.38-FC, (Fig. 2h and red thermometers labelled 2 in Fig. 3). To confirm microarray findings, we carried out quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) in pure populations of hSOD1G93A and wild type microglia and assessed the expression profiles of all candidate genes involved in Brca1 pathway (Additional file 6: Figure S2). In addition, we have also included microglial samples at 60 days of age to assess the potential involvement of microglial Brca1 at the initial stages of the disease progression in hSOD1G93A mice (Additional file 6: Figure S2A). Our qPCR results showed no significant dysregulation of the genes involved in Brca1 pathway at 60 days of age (Additional file 6: Figure S2A). However, at 90 days of age, and similarly to our microarrays results, we found up-regulation of Brca1, Cdkn1a, Myc, Pcna and Stat1 as well as down-regulation of Gadd45a and Sp3 in hSOD1G93A microglia (Additional file 6: Figure S2B). It is important to note that dysregulation in Cdkn1a, Myc, Pcna, Stat1, Gadd45a and Sp3 transcripts may also be involved in other signalling pathways. These findings confirm Brca1 involvement in hSOD1G93A microglia is specifically triggered at 90 days of age when the pronounced microgliosis becomes evident.
Brca1 pathway is involved in microglia from hSOD1G93A mice. Gene ontology pathway map analyses of dysregulated genes either in hSOD1G93A microglia at symptomatic age (P90) or in hSOD1G93A motoneurones at the end stage of the disease (P120) demonstrate the involvement of Brca1 pathway. Thermometers indicate gene dysregulation (red: up-regulated; blue: down-regulated, thermometer levels correspond to the level of dysregulation). Thermometers with number 1 represent gene dysregulation in hSOD1G93A microglia and number 2 in hSOD1G93A motoneurones. Interactions between objects: green (positive or activation); red (negative or inhibition); grey (unspecified). B Binding (physical interaction between molecules), TR Transcription regulation (physical binding of a transcription factor to target gene’s promoter), +p Phosphorylation (protein activity is altered via addition of a phosphate group). Binding protein Transcription factor Kinase Generic enzyme
Brca1 protein is expressed in human microglia and is up-regulated in ALS patients
To investigate Brca1 protein expression in human microglia, we performed dual immunofluorescence labelling using Brca1 and CD11b antibodies (Fig. 4). Brca1 staining in human control samples revealed ramified microglial population throughout the spinal cord displaying small cell bodies with long and thin processes (Fig. 4a & d) that co-localised with CD11b-positive microglia (Fig. 4b & e, c & f). Similarly, single immunoperoxidase detection of Brca1 revealed microglial profile that were identical to Iba1 (the most commonly used microglia marker) using adjacent human spinal cord sections (Fig. 5). Ramified microglia were evident in control cases following both Brca1 and Iba1 immunoperoxidase labelling (Fig. 5a–d). On the other hand, Brca1-positive microglia displayed enlarged cell bodies with short/thick processes in ALS cases similar to Iba1 immunostaining (Fig. 5e–h).
Microglial expression of Brca1 in human spinal cords. Confocal micrographs displaying Brca1 (a, d), CD11b (b, e) and dual Brca1/CD11b expression (c, f) expression by microglia within the human spinal cord. Brca1 labelled microglia displayed typical ramified morphology with small cell bodies and large and thin processes that completely colocalised with CD11b-positive microglia (c & f). Scale bars (a–c): 50 μm; (d–f): 10 μm
Microglial Iba1 and Brca1 expression within adjacent human control and ALS spinal cord. Brightfield micrographs indicating Iba1 and Brca1 expression within adjacent sections of control (a–d) and ALS (e–h) spinal cords. Both Ibal and Brca1-labelled microglia displayed typical ramified morphology in the control spinal cords with small cell bodies and large and thin processes (c & d). Microglial morphology displayed similar features following Iba1 (a & c) and Brca1 (b & d) immuno staining. In ALS spinal cords, Ibal and Brca1-labelled microglia displayed both ramified and activated microglia with enlarged cell bodies and short and thick processes (g & h). Microglial morphology were similar using Iba1 (e & g) or Brca1 (f & h) immuno staining. Scale bars (a–h): 50 μm
Finally, to determine Brca1 dysregulation in ALS, we quantified Brca1 immunoreactivity between the control and ALS spinal cords (Fig. 6). Brca1 expression was more evident in ALS compared to control cases (Fig. 6a & b, c & d). Quantitative analysis revealed a significant 78.2 % increase in Brca1 intensity within the white matter in ALS samples compared to controls (26.4 vs 47.1, p = 0.015; Fig. 6e). Within the grey matter, we observed a 32.8 % increase in Brca1 intensity in ALS samples compared to controls, however data variations in control samples kept them from attaining statistical significance (49.7 vs 66, p = 0.0545; Fig. 6f).
Up-regulation of microglial Brca1 expression in human ALS spinal cords. Brightfield micrographs displaying Brca1 expression within the spinal cords of control (a & c) and ALS cases (b & d). Bar graphs showing the increase in Brca1 intensity within the white (e) and grey (f) matters of the spinal cord in ALS compared to control cases. Bars represent mean ± SEM (n = 5 for ALS and 14 for controls). *p < 0.05. Scale bar (a–d): 100 μm
Non-cell autonomous toxicity plays a major role in ALS [20] but microglia participation is dual and complex. Microglia reactivity over the course of the disease may be characterised by a continuum of activation states from a M2 neuroprotective state to a deleterious M1 state. In culture, microglia have, at disease onset, a M2 phenotype whereas they are typified by a M1 phenotype at disease end-stage [21]. Comparison of our data to previous studies [21, 22] reveals an up-regulation of five M2 priming genes (Clec7a, Igf1, Mmp12, Spp1 and Lgals3) and a down-regulation of Retnla and F13a1. Interestingly, four M1 priming genes are up-regulated CD86, Tnfα, Bcl2a1a and Cxcl10, whilst growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible alpha gene (Gadd45gip1) is down-regulated. A previous study has reported the gene-expression profile of isolated microglia in hSOD1G93A mice and shown that potentially neuroprotective and neurotoxic factors are induced concurrently during disease progression [23]. The authors have analysed microglia from the entire spinal cord whereas we have restricted our investigations to the lumbar segment where onset of degeneration occurs. We report that hSOD1G93A microglia from the lumbar region of the spinal cord over-express progranulin, Igf1 and osteopontin, all potential neurotrophic factors, and thus confirmed findings from a previous study [23]. Interestingly, we had previously identified in pure motoneurones of two mouse models of motoneurone disease (hSOD1G93A and pmn) an increase in IGFBP. Also, an IGFBP that binds to IGF-1 and IGF-2 (nephroblastoma over-expressed gene) was up-regulated at all disease stages in hSOD1G93A mice [8] and IGFBP4 mRNA was induced at pre-symptomatic age in pmn mice [9]. We also confirmed the up-regulation of potential neurotoxic factors (including Mmp12, tnf-α and interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats) [23]. However, we did not confirm the dysregulation of the genes coding for IL-1β, IL-α, IL-10, Ifnar 1 and Ifnar 2 as well as Nox2 at P90. It had been shown that delayed forelimb motor impairment in ALS mice may be partially explained by augmented protective responses in the cervical spinal cords [24], thus gene expression profile of lumbar hSOD1G93A microglia is potentially more homogenous and is more likely to reflect a pathological gene profile than microglia taken from the entire spinal cord. Together, these data confirm that microglia activation states are best characterised as a continuum of M2 and M1 states [21] with a M2 phenotype at early stage of the disease that evolves into a M1 phenotype at disease end-stage.
An unexpected finding was the up-regulation in hSOD1G93A microglia of Brca1 with a 1.76 fold. Using in silico comparison with data from Chiu et al. [23], we found that Brca1 was also deregulated in their study and presented a steady increased with 2.78 and 3.08 fold changes at P100 and P130, respectively. In our study, Brca1 involvement was substantiated by the concomitant dysregulation of a number of other genes. As previously stated, Igf1 was robustly up-regulated in hSOD1G93A microglia; a complex interplay between Brca1 and IGF signalling pathways had been reported in familial cancer, in particular through the convergence of Brca1-mediated tumour protective pathways and IGF1 receptors-mediated cell survival [25, 26]. This simultaneous up-regulation may represent a potential neuroprotective phenotype of microglia in ALS at early stage. Converging elements toward the involvement of Brca1 was also pointed through the dysregulation of genes linked to Brca1 and belonging to the DNA damage pathway (Fig. 3). Indeed, GADD45 was down-regulated in hSOD1G93A microglia (P90) and up-regulated in motoneurones (P120) and it had been demonstrated that Brca1 can modulate GADD45 that in turn mediates DNA repair mechanisms and regulates growth arrest [15]. Importantly, we found that the gene coding for cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (p21) was up-regulated both in hSOD1G93A microglia (P90) and motoneurones (P120). Indeed, p21 is a downstream target of p53 and regulates several processes such as DNA repair, cell cycle arrest, cell differentiation and apoptosis. Through its antioxidant effects, p21 also protects cells from oxidative damage in vitro and in vivo [15]. Activation of microglial cells and acquisition of deleterious M1 state is associated with an increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) [27] that is likely to participate in motoneurone demise. Polarisation of microglia/macrophages to pro- and anti-inflammatory states is driven by cytokines and other factors such as ROS within the tissue microenvironment [28]. While the functional role of deregulated Brca1 pathway in microglia remains to be determined, one hypothesis is that it may represent an attempt to counteract the detrimental effects of ROS and reflect an antioxidative defence mechanism through modulation of microglia polarisation.
Brca1 is implicated in a broad spectrum of functions; it regulates transcription and cell cycle progression, it is also involved in function that preserve genomic stability such as DNA repair pathways [29] and protection against oxidative damage to DNA. Many of these functions have been associated with CNS development but also with neurodegenerative diseases and in particular with ALS. Brca1 is required for normal cerebral cortex size development [30] by preventing apoptosis [31]. Using a neural progenitor-specific driver to delete Brca1, Pao et al. demonstrated an important role of Brca1 in apoptotic and centrosomal functions in neuronal progenitors that may underlie DNA damage and brain size during development [31]. Brca1 is also associated with lack of spinal cord neural tube closure in spina bifida meningomyelocele [32, 33]. Moreover, Brca1-deficient embryos presented disorganised neuroepithelium associated with rapid proliferation and enhanced cell death [32].
De-regulation in Brca1 expression had been reported in Alzheimer’s [34, 35] and Huntington’s diseases [36]. Even though motor neuron diseases are not typical paraneoplastic syndromes, association with breast cancer had been regularly reported [37–41]. Moreover, there are occasional reports on improvement of motor neuron syndrome after cancer treatment [42–44].
Here we identify putative Brca1 involvement in ALS via hSOD1G93A microglia gene profiling and comparisons to our previous transcriptomic findings in hSOD1G93A motoneurones. Nevertheless, mRNA up-regulation of Brca1 in hSOD1G93A microglia could be simply anecdotal if it were restricted to a mouse model of ALS. This is not the case since we demonstrated that Brca1 protein is specifically expressed by human microglia and is significantly up-regulated in ALS patients.
These results substantiate that microglia are key non-cell autonomous players in the disease. Thus, the identification of the putative Brca1 involvement in a mouse model and human ALS provides new insights into the pathogenesis of ALS and points towards novel therapeutic targets.
Transgenic mice carrying the G93A human SOD1 mutation, B6SJL-Tg (SOD1-G93A)1Gur/J (ALS mice, high copy number) were purchased from The Jackson Laboratory (Bar Harbor, ME, USA) and bred on a B6SJL background. Transgenic mice were housed in controlled conditions (hygrometry, temperature and 12 h light/dark cycle). Ninety days old (P90, symptomatic) males were used for transcriptomic analysis and immunohistochemistry. Litter-matching between groups were done. We carried out all animal experiments in accordance with the guidelines approved by the French Ministry of Agriculture and following the European Council directive (2010/63/UE). We minimised the number and suffering of animals.
Flow cytometry sorting of spinal cord microglia from SODG93A and control littermate mice
Mice were deeply anesthetised with tribromoethanol (500 mg/kg) and intracardially perfused with cold RNAse-free 0.1 M phosphate base saline (PBS, Invitrogen, Carlsbad, USA); spinal cords were dissected. Only the lumbar (L1 - L5) segment was used and dissociated in 750 μl PBS, 100 μl trypsin 13 mg/ml, 100 μl hyaluronidase 7 mg/ml, 50 μl kinurenic acid 4 mg/ml (Sigma Aldrich, Saint Louis, USA) and 20 μl DNAseI 10 mg/ml (Roche, Rotkreuz, Switzerland) for 30 min at 37 °C. Finally, gentle mechanic dissociation was carried out by pipetting. Cell suspension was sieved on a 40 μm cell strainer (BD Biosciences, Franklin Lakes, USA). To eliminate myelin, cells were re-suspended in PBS-25 % sucrose and centrifuged for 20 min at 750 g. Cells were incubated for 20 min on ice in the primary antibody CD11b-APC 1/100 in PBS (BD biosciences, Franklin Lakes, USA) that specifically labels microglia. Cells were washed with cold PBS and re-suspended in PBS 7-AAD 2 μg/ml (Sigma Aldrich). Cells were sorted with a FACS ARIA (BD Biosciences, Franklin Lakes, USA), equipped with a 488 nm Laser Sapphire 488–20. Size threshold, morphology and 7-AAD were used to eliminate cellular debris and dead cells.
Microarray analysis of gene transcripts
Our data comply with the “Minimal Information About Microarray Experiment (MIAME)” guidelines. Total RNA was isolated using RNeasy Mini Kit, (Qiagen, Maryland, USA) including DNAse treatment to remove potential genomic DNA contamination. We tested the quality of the starting RNA and of the amplified cRNA (Agilent 2100 bioanalyzer, RNA 6000 Pico LabChip, Palo Alto, USA) and proceeded only if the RNA quality was satisfactory. A criterion was a cut point for RNA integrity number (RIN) at 7 [45]. Fifty nanograms of RNA per chip were hybridized (three chips per condition) following a T7-based double amplification procedure.
Hybridization targets were obtained following a double amplification procedure according to the protocol developed by Affymetrix (GeneChip® Eukaryotic Small Sample Target Labeling Assay Version II, Affymetrix, Santa Clara, USA) and previously used [8, 9]. A hybridization mixture containing 5.5 μg of biotinylated cRNA was generated. The biotinylated cRNA was hybridized to Affymetrix GeneChip® MOE 430 2.0. Three chips per group (wild type and hSOD1G93A) were hybridized, each corresponding to microglia from at least six pooled mice. Chips were visualised on a 3000 gene scanner (Affymetrix, Santa Clara, USA). We selected the differentially expressed transcripts using the Affymetrix software MAS 5.0 and carried out pair-wise comparison analyses where each of the mutant samples was compared to each of their respective control samples. This analysis is based on the Mann–Whitney pair-wise comparison test and allows the ranking of the results by concordance as well as the calculation of significance (p value) of each identified gene expression [46, 47]. A gene must exhibit 50 % or more of the “present” calls in all samples to be considered “expressed” and has two or more “present” calls among the three sets of samples. Fold differences were calculated as the ratio between the average values within each condition. Signal values and detection calls (present or absent) for all samples were determined using Affymetrix MAS5.0. Based on power analysis, we had selected a cut off threshold of 1.75 (p (α) 0.05, β 0.80) to identify transcripts that are differentially expressed between the controls and hSOD1G93A mutant mice. Statistics: t-test with un-equal variance. Pathway analysis was done with MetaCore (Thomson Reuters).
Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction
Candidate genes involved in Brca1 pathway were validated using qPCR. Similar to microarray, total RNA was extracted as described above from CD11-positive microglia isolated using FACS and used as a template in real time PCR. At least two animals were used for each analysis. To assess the involvement of microglia Brca1 at initial stages of the disease progression, we carried out qPCR at 60 and 90 days of age in hSOD1G93A and wild type mice. One round of amplification was done following the first cycle (first cDNA and cRNA synthesis) of the Affymetrix double amplification procedure before undertaking reverse transcription with random hexamers (Superscript II, Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA). Real time PCR using Syber Green PCR Master Mix and Abi Prism SDS 7900 HT (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA) was done according to the manufacturer’s protocol. All amplicons were designed within the 3′ end of the cDNA using Primer Express Software 2.0 (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA) and when possible, overlapped exon-exon junctions. For the sequences of the primers, see Additional file 7: Table S5. All samples were analysed in triplicate and the values were normalised to four reference genes mitochondrial ribosomal protein S9 (RPS9), TATA box binding protein (TBP), actin β and eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 (EEF1).
Human spinal cord samples
Human low thoracic and lumbar (T11-L5) spinal cords were obtained from 14 controls (males and females; 23 to 74 years of age; mean age: 52.4 years) and five ALS patients (males and females; 66 to 79 years of age; mean age: 71 years) from the Kantonsspital St. Gallen Fachbereichsleiter Muskelzentrum/ALS clinic under the approval of the Swiss legislation and from the New York Brain Bank–Taub Institute, Columbia University (NYBB), New York, USA. All donors had given their written consent for the autopsy and we followed the Declaration of Helsinki.
Mice were anesthetised with tribromoethanol (500 mg/kg) and perfused intracardially with cold PBS followed by cold 4 % paraformaldehyde (PFA, Sigma Aldrich). Spinal cords were removed and post fixed for 2 h in 4 % PFA. Samples were cryoprotected in sucrose 30 %, included in Tissue Teck (Sakura, Alphen aan den Rijn, The Netherlands), frozen and kept at −80 °C until processing.
For mice, free floating spinal cord transverse sections (20 μm) were washed twice in PBS (5 min), treated for 30 min in PBS containing lysine (20 mM, pH 7.2) and for 15 min in 1 % H2O2. Sections were blocked for 1 h with PBS containing bovine serum albumin (BSA, 1 %, Sigma Aldrich) and Triton X-100 (0.1 %, Fisher Scientific, Illkirch, France) and then incubated 48 h at 4 °C with CD11b (1/200, Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank, Iowa, USA) primary antibody. Alexa-conjugated 594 secondary antibody was used (1/1000; Molecular Probes, Eugene, OR, USA).
For human spinal cord 22 μm-thick cryosections of lumbar and lower thoracic segments were collected on super frost plus slides and were processed as described above. For dual fluorescence labelling, sections were placed in a cocktail of rat anti CD11b (1/100, Hybridoma Bank, University of Iowa, USA) and rabbit anti-Brca1 (1/100, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, USA) primary antibodies for 48 h at 4 °C. Sections were washed in 0.1 M PBS followed by incubation in corresponding secondary antibodies conjugated to Alexa 488 and 594 (1/1000; Molecular Probes, Eugene, OR, USA). For peroxidase labelling, sections were placed for 48 h at 4 °C in either rabbit anti Iba1 (macrophage/microglia-specific calcium-binding protein) (1/1000, Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Osaka, Japan) or rabbit anti-Brca1 (1/100, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, USA) primary antibodies. Spinal cord sections were then incubated in donkey anti-rabbit (1/500, Jackson Immunoresearch, Carlsbad, USA) antibody for 2 h at 4 °C. Sections were then washed in TRIS buffer and enzymatic revelation was done with nickel enhanced DAB and H2O2 0.1 % as a substrate. Sections were then dehydrated in ascending concentration of ethanol and finally xylene. Coverslips were applied using Entellan (Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany).
Morphometric bright field photographs had been obtained and analysed using NanoZoomer RS slide scanner (NanoZoomer Digital Pathology System and NDP view software, Hamamatsu, Japan). For immunofluorescence images, we used laser scanning inverted confocal microscopy (Leica SP5, Mannheim, Germany). Laser intensity and detector sensitivity settings were kept constant for all image acquisitions within a given experiment. Brca1 staining intensity measurement was done by measuring their optical density (OD) using ImageJ (National Institutes of Health, USA), as described previously [48]. For each given sample we analysed at least three 22-μm-thick section with 330 μm distance from each other. Statistics: un-paired t-test done with GraphPad Prism version 5.03 (GraphPad software, CA, USA). Significance was accepted at p ≤ 0.05. Results are expressed as mean ± S.E.M.
CNS:
DAB:
Diaminobenzidine
FACS:
Fluorescence-activated cell sorting
FALS:
Familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
FC:
Optical density
Phosphate base saline
PFA:
Paraformaldehyde
pmn:
Progressive motor neuronopathy
RNA integrity number
SOD:
Super oxide dismutase
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Evans TA, Raina AK, Delacourte A, Aprelikova O, Lee HG, Zhu X, et al. BRCA1 may modulate neuronal cell cycle re-entry in Alzheimer disease. Int J Med Sci. 2007;4:140–5.
Nakanishi A, Minami A, Kitagishi Y, Ogura Y, Matsuda S. BRCA1 and p53 tumor suppressor molecules in Alzheimer’s disease. Int J Mol Sci. 2015;16:2879–92.
Jeon GS, Kim KY, Hwang YJ, Jung MK, An S, Ouchi M, et al. Deregulation of BRCA1 leads to impaired spatiotemporal dynamics of gamma-H2AX and DNA damage responses in Huntington’s disease. Mol Neurobiol. 2012;45:550–63.
Brain L, Croft PB, Wilkinson M. Motor neurone disease as a manifestation of neoplasm (with a note on the course of classical motor neurone disease). Brain. 1965;88:479–500.
Chio A, Brignolio F, Meineri P, Rosso MG, Tribolo A, Schiffer D. Motor neuron disease and malignancies: results of a population-based study. J Neurol. 1988;235:374–5.
Forsyth PA, Dalmau J, Graus F, Cwik V, Rosenblum MK, Posner JB. Motor neuron syndromes in cancer patients. Ann Neurol. 1997;41:722–30.
Rojas-Marcos I, Rousseau A, Keime-Guibert F, Rene R, Cartalat-Carel S, Delattre JY, et al. Spectrum of paraneoplastic neurologic disorders in women with breast and gynecologic cancer. Medicine. 2003;82:216–23.
Sadot E, Carluer L, Corcia P, Delozier Y, Levy C, Viader F. Breast cancer and motor neuron disease: clinical study of seven cases. Amyotroph Lateral Scler. 2007;8:288–91.
Berghs S, Ferracci F, Maksimova E, Gleason S, Leszczynski N, Butler M, et al. Autoimmunity to beta IV spectrin in paraneoplastic lower motor neuron syndrome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001;98:6945–50.
Evans BK, Fagan C, Arnold T, Dropcho EJ, Oh SJ. Paraneoplastic motor neuron disease and renal cell carcinoma: improvement after nephrectomy. Neurology. 1990;40:960–2.
Forman D, Rae-Grant AD, Matchett SC, Cowen JS. A reversible cause of hypercapnic respiratory failure: lower motor neuronopathy associated with renal cell carcinoma. Chest. 1999;115:899–901.
Kiewe P, Gueller S, Komor M, Stroux A, Thiel E, Hofmann WK. Prediction of qualitative outcome of oligonucleotide microarray hybridization by measurement of RNA integrity using the 2100 Bioanalyzer capillary electrophoresis system. Ann Hematol. 2009;88:1177–83.
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Liu WM, Mei R, Di X, Ryder TB, Hubbell E, Dee S, et al. Analysis of high density expression microarrays with signed-rank call algorithms. Bioinformatics. 2002;18:1593–9.
Noristani HN, Olabarria M, Verkhratsky A, Rodriguez JJ. Serotonin fibre sprouting and increase in serotonin transporter immunoreactivity in the CA1 area of hippocampus in a triple transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease. Eur J Neurosci. 2010;32:71–9.
We are grateful to ALS patients and their relatives that donate their tissues. We acknowledge the New York Brain Bank–The Taub Institute, Columbia University (NYBB). The hybridoma CD11b antibody developed by Timothy A. Springer was obtained from the Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank developed under the auspices of the NICHD and maintained by the University of Iowa, Department of Biology, Iowa city, IA 52242. We thank the iGE3Genomics Platform, University of Geneva Switzerland for their assistance in transcriptomic and qPCR analysis.
This work was supported by the Spanish Government, Plan Nacional de I+D+I 2008–2011 and ISCIII-Subdirección General de Evaluación y Fomento de la investigación (PI10/00709) [to FEP], the Government of the Basque Country grant (Proyectos de Investigacion Sanitaria and Fondo Comun de Cooperacion Aquitania-Euskadi) [to FEP], the “Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale” [to FEP] and the French Government, ANR-FNS grant, GliALS (N° ANR-14-CE36-0009-01) [to FEP], the patient organisations “Demain Debout Aquitaine” [to YNG and HNN] and “Verticale” [to FEP and HNN].
Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier (INM), INSERM U1051, 80, rue Augustin Fliche, 34091, Montpellier, Cedex 5, France
Harun Najib Noristani
, Yannick Nicolas Gerber
, Marisa Teigell
& Florence Evelyne Perrin
“Integrative Biology of Neurodegeneration”, IKERBASQUE Basque Foundation for Science and Neuroscience Department, University of the Basque Country, Bilbao, Spain
Jean Charles Sabourin
Kantonspital St. Gallen. FachMuskelzentrum/ALS clinic, St. Gallen, Switzerland
Andreas Sommacal
& Markus Weber
CIC bioGUNE, Cell Biology & Stem Cells Unit, Technological Park of Bizkaia, Derio, Spain
Maria dM Vivanco
Department “Biologie-Mécanismes du Vivant” Faculty of Science, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
Florence Evelyne Perrin
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Correspondence to Florence Evelyne Perrin.
HNN: participated in the design of the study, performed immunohistology, participated to the analysis and interpretation of data and helped to draft the manuscript. JCS: participated in the design of the study, carried out FACS and participated to immunohistology. YNG: participated to acquisition of FACS data. MT: participated to immunohistology. AS: performed autopsy. MdmV: participated to acquisition of FACS data. MW: performed patient selection and obtained patients consent. FEP: conception, design of the work; analysis and interpretation of data, drafting the work and final approval. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Harun Najib Noristani and Jean Charles Sabourin contributed equally to this work.
Database of differential expression comparison of hSOD1G93A microglia microarray data relative to control microglia at 90 days of age. We list information for each dysregulated genes in hSOD1G93A microglia as compared to control microglia. With both the p-value and the step-up p-value that is the false discovery rate (FDR) analogue of the p-value. Three chips were used per condition (wild type and SOD1G93A) with microglia from lumbar spinal cord of at least six pooled mice.
Additional file 2: Figure S1.
Comparison of gene dysregulation in microglia and motoneurones. (A) Venn diagrams showing that 19 genes are commonly dysregulated in microglia and motoneurones at symptomatic age (P90). (B) Comparison of dysregulated genes in microglia at P90 and motoneurones at disease end stage shows that 65 genes are commonly dysregulated, 603 genes are uniquely dysregulated in hSOD1G93A microglia and 320 uniquely in hSOD1G93A motoneurones. Three chips were used per condition (wild type and SOD1G93A) with microglia from lumbar spinal cord of at least six pooled mice.
Comparison of gene dysregulation in both microglia and motoneurones at symptomatic age (P90) and in motoneurone only (P90) using gene ontology enrichment and network analysis. In all tables the top scored categories have the lowest p-value. Table S2A: Process networks ranking. Table S2B: Gene ontology processes ranking and Table S2C: Pathway maps ranking.
Comparison of gene dysregulation in microglia at symptomatic age (P90) and in motoneurone at the end stage of the disease (P120) using gene ontology enrichment and network analysis. In all tables the top scored categories have the lowest p-value. Table S3A: Process networks ranking. Table S3B: Gene ontology processes ranking and Table S3C: Pathway maps ranking.
Gene ontology enrichment and network analysis of gene dysregulation in microglia at symptomatic age (P90). In all tables the top scored categories have the lowest p-value. Table S4A: Process networks. Table S4B: Gene ontology processes and Table S4C: Pathway maps. Percentage of dysregulated genes corresponds to the ratio of dysregulated genes in our data out of annotated genes in the given category (Gene Ontology).
Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) validation of microarray findings related to candidate genes involved in Brca1 pathway. To confirm the microarray results, the seven identified genes involved in Brca1 pathway were analysed by real time qPCR. Bar graphs showing up-regulation of Brca1, Cdkn1a, Myc, Pcna and Stat1 as well as down-regulation of Gadd45a and Sp3 in hSOD1G93A microglia at 90 (B) but not 60 days (A) as compared to control microglia. For each sample, real time PCR was done in triplicate.
Candidate genes involved in Brca1 pathway selected for qPCR to validate the microarray data.
Transcriptomics
hSOD1G93A mice
ALS patients
Brca1
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Kennell gets enthusiastic homecoming at St. Paul's
Singer and songwriter Brittany Kennell, former student at St. Paul Elementary School in Beaconsfield greets students at the school during a visit, Thursday March 24, 2016. She is currently competing on the NBC singing contest, The Voice. (Phil Carpenter / MONTREAL GAZETTE) Phil Carpenter / Montreal Gazette
Singer and songwriter Brittany Kennell performed for students at St. Paul Elementary School in Beaconsfield on March 24. Kennell attended the school while growing up in Beaconsfield. She is currently competing on the NBC show, The Voice. Country singer and Voice coach Blake Shelton is her mentor.
Singer and songwriter Brittany Kennell, a former student at St. Paul Elementary School reacts to cheers from students at the school during a visit, Thursday March 24, 2016. (Phil Carpenter/MONTREAL GAZETTE)
Brittany Kennell performs at St. Paul Elementary School on Thursday, March 24, 2016. (Phil Carpenter / MONTREAL GAZETTE)
Singer and songwriter Brittany Kennell (Phil Carpenter / MONTREAL GAZETTE)
Dorval's new aquatic complex slated for $1.5-million expansion PETA honours Beaconsfield for animal welfare legislation
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Making all kinds of
Videos & Films
Moonshine Agency
Videos and Films that Matter
We make all kinds of
First of all your story is important. So you know you need to tell it. But where do you start?
Most importantly, we can help you tell your story in an authentic way and ensure it makes an impact.
Moonshine Agency is a film and video production company.
As well as making brilliant videos and films that matter, we also take beautiful photos and manage end-to-end communications campaigns.
Our mission is to work with amazing people and create exceptional experiences to make a lasting positive impact.
Values Matter To Us
Testimonial – Hayball Architecture
“Sensational! Working with Moonshine Agency has been a terrific experience. Their skill in understanding our needs and the professionalism and skill with which they executed an excellent outcome is what we value most.”
KT Trengove
Practice Communications, Hayball Architects
Moonshine Agency is made up of a team of passionate, highly-experienced award-winning filmmakers. And we’re also home to communications specialists, working across Australia and the world. Finally, our showreel below highlights our mission to make an impact.
Exceptional Customer Experiences
Above all, generating exceptional experiences for our collaborators is the wholehearted commitment we make to everyone we work with. So customer service and delivering with excellence is one of our nine core values. Certainly, the reason for this is that creating outstanding films, content, and campaigns is a team activity.
"Brilliant Content"
"Great Experience"
"Incredible Impact"
Award-Winning Videos and Films
First of all, Moonshine Agency has produced over 40 award-winning films and videos that have received recognition worldwide. So the Moonshine Agency team is a highly-decorated and experienced collective of creative filmmakers who thrive on making an impact through the stories they craft. Also, we have received awards for its corporate videos, social cause communications, TV programs, and feature films alike.
Watch Award-Winning Films
Marketing Video of The Month – Queen Victoria Market
Part One of the Hidden Stories of Queen Victoria Market – 40,000 Views on Facebook & Counting!
We’re thrilled to be working with Queen Victoria Market to create a series of 10 Hidden Stories behind this Melbourne icon.
Learn More About Video Marketing
Featured Impact Film – Cancer Council Australia
Gold Award Winner – Non-Profit/ Advocacy Film – Horizon Interactive Awards 2019
Similarly, it is our honour to be working with the Cancer Council of Australia and the Union for International Cancer Control on this series about conquering cervical cancer.
Discover More About Impact Films
Moonshine Agency Film and TV Projects
Furthermore, as a film and video production company, we produce high-impact film and TV projects that are distributed worldwide through cinema, TV, video-on-demand and online subscription services.
Discover Film & TV Projects
Working worldwide, Moonshine Agency is a film and video production company located in Melbourne, Australia.
Above all, we’d love to hear from you so please call us on +61394104345 or email hello@moonshine.agency today!
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To be honest we don't do much outbound marketing so if you opt-in and supply your name and email, we're unlikely to spam you, mostly because we don't have time. But we will from time to time send you updates on projects we're launching or useful information.
Like how to make your story change the world or lessons from the field.
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You did it! Congratulations on joining a global tribe of like-minded agents for change. As a thank you for being so amazing, please access our library of free stock images for our subscribers by using this link https://moonshine.agency/stock-images/
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Best Of The Lion King
12 songs (39 minutes) Released on September 6, 2011
Circle Of Life (From ''The Lion King'')
Carmen Twillie & Lebo M.
I Just Can't Wait To Be King (From ''The Lion King'')
Jason Weaver, Rowan Atkinson & Laura Williams
Can You Feel The Love Tonight (From ''The Lion King'')
Joseph Williams, Sally Dworsky, Nathan Lane, Ernie Sabella & Kristle Edwards
Warthog Rhapsody (From ''Rhythm Of The Pride Lands'')
Nathan Lane & Ernie Sabella
Lea Halalela (From ''Rhythm Of The Pride Lands'')
Khululiwe Sithole
Hakuna Matata (From ''The Lion King 1½'')
Nathan Lane, Ernie Sabella, Jason Weaver & Joseph Williams
Digga Tunnah Dance (From "The Lion King 1½") (From "The Lion King 1 1/2")
Lebo M & Vinx
Upendi (From "The Lion King 2 Simba’s Pride") (From "The Lion King II: Simba's Pride"/Soundtrack Version)
Liz Callaway, Gene Miller, Robert Guillaume & Ladysmith Black Mambazo
One Of Us (From ''The Lion King 2 Simba’s Pride'')
Chorus - The Lion King 2: Simba's Pride
The Lion Sleeps Tonight (From "The Lion King Original Broadway Cast Recording") (From "The Lion King"/Original Broadway Cast Recording)
Lebo M.
Be Prepared (From "The Lion King Original Broadway Cast Recording") (From "The Lion King"/Original Broadway Cast Recording)
Ensemble - The Lion King, Tracy Nicole Chapman, Stanley Wayne Mathis, Kevin Cahoon & John Vickery
They Live In You (From ''The Lion King Original Broadway Cast Recording'')
Samuel E. Wright & Ensemble - The Lion King
℗ This Compilation 2011 Walt Disney Records © 2011 Disney
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County Sued Over Lahaina Injection Wells
March 27, 2015 May 15, 2012 by Rob Weltman
The green alga Ulva fasciata covers the ocean floor offshore of Kahekili Beach, Maui, 2004. (Photo by Jennifer Smith courtesy Earthjustice)
From ENS Newswire
Four Hawaii community groups recently filed suit under the national Clean Water Act, asking the federal district court to direct Maui County to secure a National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System permit that would set limits on the pollutants that can be discharged from injection wells at the Lahaina Wastewater Reclamation Facility.
Earthjustice filed the complaint last month on behalf of Hawaii Wildlife Fund, Surfrider Foundation, West Maui Preservation Association and Sierra Club-Maui Group.
The action follows years of unsuccessful efforts to resolve the issue out of court, the groups reported.
County Communications Director Rod Antone said the administration cannot comment on pending legal issues.
Each day, millions of gallons of treated wastewater are sent into the ground through injection wells at the Honokowai facility.
The groups contend that the wastewater contains pollutants like nitrogen and phosphorous, bacteria and other pathogens in violation of the federal Safe Drinking Water Act.
They believe the treated wastewater surfaces in the ocean makai of the plant, killing the coral reef and triggering outbreaks of invasive algae.
“We notified Maui County last June that its Lahaina facility was damaging the reef and operating illegally in hope that the county would voluntarily seek the required permit for wastewater discharges from the injection wells,” said Earthjustice attorney Caroline Ishida.
“Unfortunately, it apparently takes an enforcement action to get the county to do anything, which is why we’re now seeking relief from the court.”
Maui County has been discharging partially treated sewage into injection wells at the West Side plant for 30 years. Currently, three to five million gallons are sent down the wells each day.
In August 2011, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency announced that it determined that the wastewater discharged into the underground injection wells at the Lahaina Wastewater Reclamation Facility contains levels of coliform bacteria that could exceed federal standards protecting the drinking water aquifer.
EPA issued a compliance order requiring Maui County to monitor its injected effluent, improve disinfection of the treated wastewater within 30 days and install and operate an approved non-chlorine disinfection system by Dec. 31, 2013.
After December 2013, the injected wastewater may not exceed the R-1 level for fecal coliform. (R1 is the highest quality of reclaimed water specified in Hawaii State Regulations.)
Dean Higuchi, EPA’s Hawaii-Pacific press officer, said a tracer study at the plant is underway, and “the county is meeting the requirements of complying with our consent order for disinfection at the Lahaina facility.”
“While disinfection is a step in the right direction, it won’t remove nitrogen and phosphorous from the wastewater, so it won’t get rid of the harmful algae growth at Kahekili (Beach),” said Hannah Bernard of the Hawaii Wildlife Fund.
“Algae smother the coral and upset the ecosystem, because fish and other marine animals depend on the reef for food and need the crevices within the reef for shelter.”
According to the community groups, researchers from the University of Hawaii (U.H.) analyzed the specific type of nitrogen found in the algae growing in the waters offshore of Kahekili Beach and were able to positively identify it as the same type of nitrogen being pumped into the injection wells.
The ongoing tracer dye study conducted by EPA and U.H. scientists has further confirmed the connection between the wells and the ocean, the groups contend, and that pollutants injected into the wells make their way into the nearshore waters of Kahekili Beach Park via freshwater seeps.
“Algae growth and infectious diseases aren’t the only problems the injection wells cause,” explained Tim Lara, chair of Surfrider Foundation-Maui Chapter.
“Studies have shown that chemicals like pharmaceuticals and fire retardants also travel from the injection wells into nearshore waters, posing additional threats to the delicate ecosystem and to local residents and tourists swimming and surfing at Kahekili Beach.”
Lance D. Collins of the West Maui Preservation Association commented, “The Lahaina wastewater facility must cease using the public nearshore waters to dispose of its waste. In the face of the scientific evidence, continuing to pretend the injected effluent magically disappears is no longer acceptable.”
Chris Taylor of Sierra Club-Maui Group added, “The county should be treating and reusing the millions of gallons of wastewater for irrigation at resorts, golf courses and other areas of West Maui, not dumping it onto the reef. Reusing the water would not only save the reef but also address West Maui’s increasingly severe water shortages.”
Categories Environmental Laws Post navigation
Group Pleads Monk Seal Case
South Maui Plans – Let Your Voice Be Heard
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About Don
Today's Intel
Intel Memo
President Donald Trump on Tuesday defended his trade war with China as tensions escalated and markets extended their losses, promising a deal with Chinese President Xi Jinping soon, even as fears escalated about a protracted battle.
China on Monday raised tariffs on $60 billion of U.S. goods in retaliation for President Donald Trump's decision to increase tariffs on $200 billion worth of Chinese imports last week, escalating the trade war between the world's two largest economies.
Neither the United States nor Iran want war and Iraq is in contact with both, Iraq's state news agency INA quoted Prime Minister Adel Abdul Mahdi as saying on Tuesday.
India delayed on Tuesday the implementation of higher tariffs on some goods imported from the United States to June 16, according to a government statement.
North Carolina voters on Tuesday will start the process of picking a new Republican candidate for Congress after state officials ordered a rerun of a November 2018 race marred by an absentee-ballot fraud scheme.
Alabama's state Senate was due to vote on a bill on Tuesday that would outlaw nearly all abortions, but will first consider whether to allow the procedure for women and girls impregnated by rape and incest.
Spain's Supreme Court has ruled that five Catalan separatist leaders can leave prison to be sworn-in as lawmakers next Tuesday but said it would not halt the trial over their role in Catalonia's independence bid in 2017.
Huawei is willing to sign no-spy agreements with governments, including Britain, the Chinese telecommunications company's chairman said on Tuesday as the United States pressures European countries to shun the firm over spying concerns.
North Korea said on Tuesday the seizure of one of its cargo ships by the United States was an illegal act that violated the spirit of a summit between the two countries' leaders, and demanded the return of the vessel without delay.
AP Top Stories
On the deepest dive ever made by a human inside a submarine, a Texas investor and explorer found something he could have found in the gutter of nearly any street in the world: trash. Victor Vescovo, a retired naval officer, said he made the unsettling discovery as he descended nearly 6.8 miles (35,853 feet) to a point in the Pacific Ocean's Mariana Trench that is the deepest place on Earth. His dive went 52 feet lower than the previous deepest descent in the trench in 1960.
U.S. authorities have seized one of North Korea's largest cargo ships in connection with a scheme to illicitly export tons of coal in violation of international sanctions, Justice Department said.
The German captain of a migrant rescue ship was fined $11,240 by a Maltese court on Tuesday, after being found guilty of entering national waters 11 months ago without proper registration.
Indians voted Sunday in the next-to-last round of a six-week-long national election marked by a highly acrimonious campaign that has seen Prime Minister Narendra Modi blame opposition party chief Rahul Gandhi's family for the country's ills.
Spain has withdrawn a frigate from a U.S.-led naval group in the Gulf because it was now focusing on alleged threats from Iran rather than an agreed objective to mark an historic seafaring anniversary, the Spanish government said on Tuesday.
Syrian troops on Monday captured five small villages and a hill on the edge of the northwestern province of Idlib, the last major rebel stronghold in the country, pro-government media said.
Amazon said Monday it was offering employees $10,000 to quit their jobs and become independent package delivery entrepreneurs for the online retail colossus.
Paris authorities have warned operators of the thousands of electric scooters that have inundated the city to keep them off pavements or face a temporary ban amid rising complaints from pedestrians.
Mike Pence has warned Christian graduates of an evangelical university that they should prepare to face "ridicule" for their beliefs. The deeply religious vice president told Liberty University students that "some of the loudest voices for tolerance today have little tolerance for traditional Christian beliefs".
Hackers were able to remotely install surveillance software on phones and other devices using a major vulnerability in messaging app WhatsApp, it has been confirmed.
Two seaplanes carrying tourists from the same cruise ship have collided in south-eastern Alaska, with at least four people dead and two missing. One plane was carrying 11 people when it hit the other, which had five people aboard, near Ketchikan.
A jury in California has awarded more than $2bn to a couple who said the weed killer Roundup was responsible for their cancer.
The constitutional court of Guatemala has barred Zury Ríos, the daughter of ex-military ruler Efraín Ríos Montt, from running for the presidency. Ms Ríos was one of the frontrunners ahead of elections on 16 June.
An Iranian woman has been sentenced to 10 years in prison in Iran for spying for the UK.
A new study found that American states and cities with sanctuary policies are blocking the deportation of illegal immigrants from countries designated by the State Department as sponsors of terror.
Ninety-eight percent of the rules issued recently by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration were unconstitutional because the bureaucrats who created them lacked authority, a new study finds.
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Blockchain & Digital Advertising
Roadshows & Events
Edit: Updated Token Sale information can be found here
Revamping The Varanida ICO Structure
Anji Ismaïl
I am very proud of how Varanida has developed thus far, and excited to see what the future has in store for us. Our Varanida Extension Prototype has received a warm welcome from the community, with over 120,000 downloads to date, and hundreds of positive comments from happy users. We are making great progress on the business and product development ends, with several clients, partners, and Proof of Concept agreements lined up. We also acquired the assets and technology of Secret Media, with which we will accelerate our development, and reach our goals even faster.
As we look towards the future, I wanted to share a few important updates with the Varanida Community.
The Current ICO Market
Our ICO is approaching the Soft Cap, but we realize that some of the interest has been coming from funds and “crypto-investors” who are just looking for a quick return on their investment. While we understand the importance of rewarding our early contributors, we also believe that an ICO shouldn’t be characterised entirely by its ROI.
This made us think about the true purpose of our Token Sale: on-boarding a community of like-minded individuals, who are genuinely interested in disrupting the Internet and making it better for everyone. Unfortunately, some of those individuals might not have the funds to participate in our ICO, and some of them might not even be involved in the fantastic crypto-world just yet!
Additionally, recent developments have resulted in less confidence in ICOs, which we feel is actually a benefit to the market at large. Raising too much money too easily can be toxic, attracting the wrong type of attention from illegitimate parties with bad intentions. Even with recent changes, we are happy to adapt to the current trends and market sentiment, because we have already proven our capability to quickly execute and deliver on our promises.
After many discussions with our advisors and highly engaged community members, we have decided to completely revamp our ICO process. In an effort to show our community just how committed we are to our long-term vision, as well as our desire to continue to onboard quality members into our ecosystem, we are adopting a performance-based model for our token sale.
Impact On The Varanida Token Sale
The considerations and decisions we made have impacted the structure of our token sale, so we are freezing our current Token Sale to give us time to adjust our Terms and Conditions accordingly, and for the ICO platforms to reflect these changes. However, we would like to emphasize that the Varanida project you have all come to know and love is not changing — we are simply restructuring the Token Sale to accommodate the current ICO landscape. We believe these terms are even more favorable to contributors, and reinforce our strong commitment to make Varanida the future of digital advertising. That said, if you have already contributed and would like to get reimbursed, you are free to request a refund that will reflect the ETH or BTC amount contributed.
Updated Token Allocation
The Tokens on sale during the crowdsale will represent 53% of the total supply (compared to 67% initially): 530,000,000 VAD
Network Incentivization
We are adding the 14% difference from the updated crowdsale amount to the existing 3% “Community” token pool, to create a 17% Network Incentivization Pool! This pool will be used as follows:
(4.5%) Community & Early Users: This includes the 3% already allocated to “Community” tokens (i.e. Airdrop & Bounty) with an additional 1.5% of tokens for early user incentivization.
(3%) Advertiser On-Boarding Program: The first Advertisers on the Varanida Network will get a 50% bonus for any purchase they make through the network. For every 1 VAD bought, Advertisers will get 1.5 VAD to spend on the Varanida Network.
(3%) Publisher On-Boarding Program: The first Publishers to install Varanida will receive an additional bonus. They can either accept VAD on their platforms (websites, channels, applications, etc.) or they can support and maintain the Varanida Network (i.e. running Varanida nodes).
(4%) User On-Boarding Program: Users of the Varanida Network that use their tokens to do things like pay for premium content or subscribe to service memberships like streaming, music, or video will automatically get a “usage bonus” in the form of a “token-back”. For each token spent within the Network, users will earn a 10% bonus.
(2.5%) Token Holders Bonus: Contributors who hold their VAD tokens in their wallet throughout the different fundraising rounds will automatically earn “holding bonuses”.
Founders’ Tokens
We are adding an additional 12 months of lockup for the Founders, making it 3 years of vesting, with a 1 year cliff. We believe this shows our dedication and commitment to Varanida, and to our long term goal of changing the Internet for the better.
A Milestone-Based Token Sale
While our Soft Cap remains unchanged at 8M€, our Hard Cap is being reduced significantly. In fact, our Round 3 will be divided into 3 sub-rounds: 3A / 3B / 3C; each one associated with a specific milestone achievement. If these respective milestones are not reached, then our Soft Cap will become our Hard Cap, which still provides us with the minimum amount of funding we have estimated it will cost to build and scale Varanida.
Today, we are freezing Round 2. It will re-open on September 28th at 15:00 CEST, and will close on October 13th 00:01 CEST (or earlier if the 8 M€ Soft Cap is reached) using a first come, first serve approach.
Participants in Round 2 will be able to vote to decide what the milestones for each sub-round of Round 3 will be. Also, Round 2 participants will get additional discounts if they decide to buy more tokens in future rounds, as well as a bonus if they decide to hold their VAD Tokens during this period.
Each sub-round will open as the project progresses, which will be measured by concrete achievements we’re setting as our milestones. These milestones will be publicly announced, and we will provide proof of our achievements when we reach them. We expect Rounds 3A, 3B, and 3C to open within the next 18 months as the project unfolds.
Each sub-round in Round 3 will be implemented as an auditable and public smart-contract on the Ethereum blockchain; including options for refunds and round cancellations if milestones are not reached. Therefore, in order to provide full transparency, we will only be able to accept contributions made in ETH during Round 3.
If one or more milestones are not reached by the end of the 18 month period (March 31st, 2020) the respective sub-rounds will be cancelled, and allocated tokens burnt — automatically reducing the token supply.
Tokens allocated to each round are blocked in a contract, and can’t be moved until the previous milestones have been reached and the rounds have been completed.
Proposition of Round Structure
Discount*: Applies to the quantity of tokens bought in the previous round. For example, if you buy 1,000 VAD during Round 2, you’ll get a 30% discount on 1,000 tokens that you can buy in Round 3-A. If you buy 1,000 VAD during Round 3-A, you’ll get a 20% discount on 1,000 tokens that you can buy in Round 3-B.
Bonus**: Anyone holding tokens in their wallet between rounds will get an additional bonus. For example, if you hold 1,000 VAD in your wallet between Round 2 and Round 3-A, you’ll automatically receive 120 additional VAD.
Proposed Milestones Metrics
M.A.U (Monthly Active Users): The number of active users registered on Varanida Dapps or Varanida Network. The first Application is the Varanida Ad Controller.
M.U.V (Monthly Unique Visitors): The number of unique visitors to the Varanida Network, including all websites and applications using Varanida Dapps and the Verified Ad Protocol.
Contributions Will Be Refundable
The buying price of tokens in each sub-round of the 3rd Round will rise with each token, following a sub-linear curve that will start at the price of the previous iteration, and end at the final iteration price.
The growing fund in each iteration will serve as both a possible refund (70% of the total raised) and to give us runway (30% of the total raised) to help us get to the next objective. At any point, the refund price of the token will be the same for each token, corresponding to the total fund divided by the number of tokens, minus the amount allocated to the runway. This means that when a token is bought, it is not totally refundable, since part of the investment is allocated to the runway fund. Since the tokens should appreciate in value as the iteration goes on, early contributors will have less and less risk as the fund grows, up to a point where their contribution could be fully refundable.
To be more clear, the price curve and associated fund/refund curves would look like this:
The blue curve represents the price at which each token has to be bought, rising as more tokens are purchased. The red curve shows the total fund collected in the contract as the round goes on, divided by the number of tokens outstanding. The green curve shows the price at which the tokens would be refunded in case the objectives are not met, according to how many were sold. As the round progresses, and as the fund per token rises, the refund price rises with it. Since early contributors are willing to take more risk, it makes sense that the portion of the tokens they bought that could be refunded would be bigger relative to the price they paid to get them.
At the end of the iteration, and if the pre-established objectives are met, the whole fund is allocated to Varanida, and anyone who contributed will be added to the list of bonus beneficiaries for the next iteration.
In the tighter conditions we are now experiencing in the ICO market, we feel that an original and incentivized contribution mechanism like this one is a good thing for everyone.
First, a rising price curve leads to a smoother transition of the token price, in correlation with the objectives required to start the iteration. The presence of real world objectives that need to be reached for each iteration to take place will give the token price substance and backing, ensuring that contributors are not just buying into a white paper, but a real project providing real results.
The partially refundable model also reduces the risk to participants, with priority given to early contributors of each iteration, while allowing Varanida to utilize part of the fund to continue operating and reaching new objectives.
Note: Risk is only reduced during the funding round, but the possibility of a refund still exists in case objectives are not met. Once the pre-established objectives are met and the funds fully transferred to Varanida, the token price is fully dictated by the market, along with the associated risks.
About Varanida
Varanida is a project working on a decentralized advertising and content solution that establishes an ecosystem where all parties are fairly compensated for the value that they bring to the network.
If you would like to find out more about Varanida mission and vision, please make sure to download our White Paper and follow our journey:
Contribute to the VAD Token Sale
Download our prototype
Join Our Community On Discord
Join Our Telegram Announcement Channel
Subscribe To Our SubReddit
Add Us On Facebook
Check Us Out On Github
Varanida
News & Updates on Varanida
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Utopian. Dreamer. Optimist.
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The Co Passenger
07 Jan 2018 9 Comments
by Meera in Friendship
It had been raining incessantly when she had boarded the train. Priya squeezed the water off her dupatta as she made her way into the coach. For an unreserved coach it was almost empty. But then who would board a 11.00 PM train at a way side station past Yellahanka? Anyway by now, she was beyond caring!
It had been a sudden decision. She had decided to take the train from the station nearest to her house rather than ride to the Bangalore city station. She wanted to escape, to run away… from her life… from him!
She found an empty seat by the window. Thankfully, the rain had not splashed into the coach. She drew up the shutter and let some fresh air in. The rain had stopped and the moon was peeping out of the clouds. She watched the dark shadows rise and fall as the train sped through the darkness.
Like her life… Full of eerie shadows that she ensured people outside in the sun never saw. She maintained that facade of living in cool comfort. A bright smile that stopped short of her eyes Hollows behind those eyes she concealed using expensive make up. She adjusted herself to lean against the backrest of the seat but winced as the pain hit her! Bruises, scars and more. her body was now full of them! It had become a part of her life these days.
It was only tonight that she had decided she had had enough! But, even now she was not so sure. And that was the reason she had boarded the train to Mumbai and not the one to Chennai.
Her cousin Smita, had encouraged her to come and spend some time with her at Mumbai to think things over. She had always been nervous about going to Chennai – to her parents. She feared they might not see things from her perspective.
The train jerked to a sudden halt throwing her forward. She held on to the window rails to steady herself.
The lady on the upper berth looked down and asked her “What happened?”
“I don’t know” said Priya as she peered out of the window.
There was hardly anyone else on the coach. There were a couple of women in the next bay who looked like they were some kind of vendors. They were fast asleep with their basket of wares under the seat.
There seemed to be a flurry of activity near the engine. The guard and the driver were talking among themselves. She tried to catch what they were saying.
“Woman.” “under the train” were some words that caught her ears.
She shuddered thinking “How awful”!
There seemed to a discussion going on near the tracks. Apparently they were near some station called Adoni. Priya did not want to hear any more of this conversation. She pulled the shutter down and lay down on the berth. She had packed in a hurry, there was nothing she could use as a pillow. So she tucked her handbag under her head and turned around so that the bruised part of her back was not rubbing against the wall of the coach.
She must have dozed for about an hour when she woke up. The train was in motion now.
She wanted to use the bathroom. She wondered if she should go with her suitcase left unattended. But the train was in motion and everyone else on the train seemed to be asleep.
When she came back to her seat, she noticed her. A young woman, about as old as herself, she was sitting on the opposite seat. Her face was not clearly visible in the dark. She had on a sari which seemed to be glowing in the dark. Her hair was flying in the breeze blowing in through the window.
“When did you get into the train?” asked Priya
“Oh some time ago” she replied in Kannada, looking at Priya through her wide eyes. There seemed to be an odd quality about them. They were looking at her but yet it seemed like they weren’t. Her face had a luminous quality about it.
“What a beautiful woman” thought Priya taking in her features. A big bindi adorned her forehead and prominently around her neck was the black bead chain symbolising her married status.
“Where are you going?” asked the woman
“To Mumbai” replied Priya. “What about you”? she asked
“Home” said the woman.
Priya sat down on the seat and groaned involuntarily as the jerking of the train made her bruised back hit the window.
“Painful isn’t it?” she asked. “That wound will heal but not the one in your mind. At least not unless you decided to do something about it” she continued.
Priya looked at the woman startled. How did she know?
“What do you mean?” she asked her
“You know what I mean” she said with a sad smile.
Priya could not stop herself. Her eyes began welling up with tears and she suddenly found herself holding on to the window rails and sobbing.
“Hey stop that. Crying never helps.” she said softly pulling Priya into her arms. It was probably a few minutes before Priya regained control over herself.
“I am sorry. I shouldn’t do this” she said wiping her face with her dupatta.
“There is no need to apologise” the woman said.
“You know; I had tried everything to make him happy. I stopped wearing western clothes, I learnt cooking, I never ever stepped out without his consent” she said bitterly.
“Yes, I know. You must have also thought a lot before saying anything in case it angered him. You would have stayed out of his way until he called for you. Right?” asked the woman.
“How do you know?” asked Priya looking at the woman in surprise.
“Because I have also lived through it all” said the woman with a cryptic smile.
“Oh!” said Priya gasping
“You know I was barely out of school when my parents arranged my marriage. He was a very rich man. Owned a lot of businesses and was considered to be quite a catch. I was anyway not very good at studies. So marriage seemed like a good way out of it. I was the only daughter. My parents and my brothers spent an awful lot at my wedding. It was one of the grandest weddings in the whole of Anantpur district” she said dreamily.
“Well in my case, I had completed my education and was working in an IT company in Bangalore. He was introduced to me through a common friend” said Priya
“Oh love marriage” asked the woman looking at her with raised eyebrows.
“Marriage yes! But love. well that disappeared a few months into the marriage. I never realized that he was so domineering and authoritative. It used to be very romantic during the days when we were courting. I used to think he was very protective and possessive about me. But soon things became bad. He did not like me talking to anyone he did not approve of, he did not like me wearing jeans, trousers or skirts. He was suspicious of any man I spoke to and soon he did not like my going for work” Priya said bitterly.
“And you decided to quit your job?” she asked
“Yes” replied Priya.
“You know, how many times in those years when he started yelling and hitting me, I used to think, that had I been better qualified and with a job I would have walked out of the marriage” said the woman looking at Priya
“Yes, but it is not so easy to walk out even if you are qualified for a job. I did consider it many times. But there was always a feeling of guilt. Of not having tried hard enough to make the marriage work. You know I have only been married for two years. I thought things would get better over time. “said Priya shaking her head sadly.
“Well I was married for ten years. Among the many things he had against me was that I had not brought enough dowry, I was not able to have children, I did not respect his mother enough, I did not put enough salt or put too much salt into his food, that I was not sexually desirable and sometimes even that I was probably interested in other men and therefore not responding to him in bed” she said laughing hysterically.
Priya shuddered thinking of the strange similarity in their circumstances. Two women from two different places and social contexts and yet with such a similar marriage.
“You know I secretly started taking birth control pills after the first year into the marriage. I did not want any child to be conceived out of rape. And then he found out…He was so violent after that I couldn’t take it. I ran to my brother’s house” said the woman.
“And?” asked Priya
“They closed their doors on me. I am sure had my parents been alive I would have at least had a roof over my head” said the woman bitterly
Priya thought about her own circumstances. She had not told her parents about what she was going through. There was this feeling of wanting to handle her situation on her own because it was she who had decided to marry Srikant. She also had a younger sister and she was not sure if her troubled marriage would interfere with sister’s prospect of getting married.
But something in her had snapped when she found out he was having an affair.
“You know my husband has been seeing another woman for nearly six months now” said Priya to the woman.
“Oh mine was constantly having relationships with women- those who worked for him, relatives, sex workers and others” said the woman. “After some time I was actually glad he was doing that because it kept him out of the house and our bed for at least a few hours every day”
This seemed like some bizarre situation now. Each one of them sharing things about their respective marriages almost like they were comparing symptoms about some terrible illness.
Did you have fever? Vomiting? Stomach cramps…?
No, I had fever but the stomach cramps were terrible.
Oh, but the vomiting dehydrated me…!
“Patients of the sick marriage syndrome” said Priya laughing loudly.
“Listen tell me what are you going to do now?” asked the woman taking Priya’s hands in hers.
“I don’t know. I will spend some time with Smita, my cousin in Mumbai and then I hope he will repent and come there to take me back” said Priya.
‘Then?” asked the woman
“By then, hopefully he would have repented, broken off with the other woman and changed his behaviour towards me.” Said Priya
“Let me tell you my dear. That is something that never happens. I have been through this many times. When my parents were alive, I would go there every few months when things became unbearable and they would either take me back to him or he would sometimes come to take me back saying he was sorry. But it is easier said than done. Things got back to our state of violent normalcy soon” said the woman.
“You had never called the police?” asked Priya
“Did you?” asked the woman
Priya shook her head. There was a sense of shame in taking the matter to a public space. Why, she had not even, told her closest of friends about this. When he had twisted her arm the last time she had asked him for more housekeeping money, she had lied to the doctor saying she had fallen down and injured herself.
“Have you considered divorce?” asked the woman.
“No.” said Priya shaking her head slowly
“When will you do that? When you are ten years into this mess like me? When you are completely scarred physically and psychologically? When your qualifications will not be relevant in the job market and you will have to take a job that will pay you half of what you might get now? Or when you are too old to consider further education?” asked the woman in a sarcastic voice
“Listen to me. It has to be now or never. Nothing is lost yet. You are well qualified. You can get a better job. You said you have a supportive cousin in Mumbai. You can stay with her until you get a job” she said taking Priya’s hands in her own. “Don’t let your life become like mine. I had few choices. I was not well educated. I came from a small town where there were limited opportunities. My parents died along the way and my brothers refused to support me. I could have changed things even with these setbacks had anyone encouraged me to take that first bold step forward.”
Priya could see sense in what that woman was telling her. But she needed to think more about it.
“Thank you for this….” She said. “By the way I am Priya”
“Nandini” said the woman. The clouds had cleared and the moon was shining in through the window making Nandini’s face shine luminously.
“You are such a beautiful woman! You look out of this world!” said Priya. Nandini smiled in a cryptic way.
“Go to sleep Priya. Things will work out for you. I am sure you will take a sensible decision and all will be well.” she said taking her hand and squeezing it.
Priya nodded noticing for the first time that Nandini’s hands were icy cold.
She lay down on her berth and closed her eyes. Her last image of Nandini was a sharp profile turned towards the widow with hair flying in the breeze.
( To be concluded in the next part – work in progress )
( Images from the internet)
Previous Endings and Beginnings Next The Co Passenger ( Concluding part)
jotiverma
Jan 07, 2018 @ 23:32:54
Meera, why did you leave it incomplete?
Writing the conclusion my dear.. I thought it might be good to build the suspense 🙂
Excellent narration. I am waiting eagerly to know how the lives of Priya and Nandini would turn for the better.Is Nandini a good woman and is Priya foolish and gullible to discuss her life with an utter stranger?
Thank you KP. Very touched that you remembered about this blog and came here to read the story
Why do you think I would forget forget my favourite story blog?it is always a pleasure to read your stories and hone my skills.
sslmay11
Meera, I’m so glad to receive an invite post thia soon. I love your writing. No two ways. Also you should never stop writing.
I can guess what’s going to come. But will wait for you to conclude. Look forward to read the next part.
Thank you ssimay11 🙂 Really touched to have you here.
anin2804
Loving reading this.I think I can guess who Nandini is 🙂 🙂
Shhhh!!! Dont tell anyone 🙂
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Mark Allen Johnson
Thursday, July 19th, 1962 - Friday, March 29th, 2019
To share your memory on the wall of Mark Johnson, sign in using one of the following options:
Provide comfort for the family of Mark Johnson with a meaningful gesture of sympathy.
Mark Allen Johnson passed from this life on to his next adventure on March 29, 2019. He was surrounded and loved by his family during this transition.
Mark was a courageous warrior with battle scars to prove it. Since 2000, he struggled ... Read More
Mark was a courageous warrior with battle scars to prove it. Since 2000, he struggled against numerous and varied heart issues, initiated by complications during surgery to replace a deformed and injured heart valve. Mark confronted his opponent by living life to the fullest.
Family was Mark’s life—but according to Mark—everyone was family. With all his heart, Mark loved both his family of origin and the family he and Roxy created. Additionally, as explained, Mark loved people. He had friends everywhere. He cared about remembering names and faces, as well as shared experiences in a way that communicated how special each person was to him.
It was impossible for Mark to love his family without laughter. Mark was known for his April 1st pranks, his (stupid) grandpa jokes, his knowledge of funny songs, and his vast library of funny (and sometimes stupid) videos that he would share with strangers when his family wouldn’t watch them anymore. Mark was also known for saying things that were completely false—with a straight face—to acquaintances and friends, so he could laugh at their confusion.
Mark also loved to hunt and fish. He loved the mountains and hiked like a Billy goat even into his 40’s. Mark was always more excited to head to the mountains when others came hunting and fishing with him. The larger the camp, the happier Mark was. Just days before he was listed on the heart transplant list, Mark took a grandson on a successful deer hunt and then made the grandson jerky. Through the kindness of a land owner, sons-in-law, and his son, Mark was able to successfully hunt elk with almost his entire family just last November. Just weeks ago, Mark put his name into the mix of hunters hopping to get the chance to hunt in the Poncegant mountains next year.
Cooking delicious food was another thing that brought Mark joy. Meat was his specialty. He would search for days for just the right recipe. He baked, fried, barbecued, deep fried, dried, and smoked, everything from apples to prime rib to shrimp. Roxy always provided the assigned side dishes, but Mark’s children and grandchildren could be bribed to come to another family dinner if Mark was cooking the meat.
Mark also loved music. He felt music: spiritually, emotionally, and physically. Mark could pick out an instrument and its notes. He could identify most songs in the first measure. He loved most genres, including bluegrass and country music from the 50’s, 60’s, 70’s and 80’s to religious tunes and symphonies. But Mark craved classic rock and roll—especially southern rock—loud. There is a logical reason he could no longer hear well.
And finally, Mark loved His Lord Jesus Christ. During the last 2 1/2 years, Mark came to accept that the Lord needed him to come home. Throughout the multiple complications that came after receiving a Left Ventricle Assist Device, Mark courageously moved ahead a day at a time. He often acknowledged that God was aware of his pain. Sometimes Mark questioned why he needed to suffer so much, but always, mark would admit that the situation was in God’s hands.
As Mark did have a family to provide for, he took his love and humor with him each day and worked for Questar Corporation for 37 years. Starting as a meter reader, Mark worked and made friends in most areas within the company, including meter sets, marketing, and finance. He ended his career as a right-of-way agent, working with a team he especially respected and loved.
Last Friday Mark said farewell for a time to his parents; Richard Lavelle Johnson and Connie Lou Paul, wife; Roxanna (Roxy) Craythorn, eight children; Trisha Marie and James R. Evans, Trina Constance and Tony McPhearson, Treece Elizabeth and Kelly Thomas Long, and Trenton Allen and Marie (Bardsley) Johnson. Mark will also miss his 9 1/2 grandchildren: Addison May, Ira Allen, Joey Arlene, Olivia Constance, Kayden Glenn, Ryder James, Roxie Jay, Jamie Sue, and Jacie Marie. We are sure Mark has already met his next little granddaughter.
Mark also leaves behind his siblings: Scott and Karen Johnson and Russ and Cindy Tate. Mark will also be missed by his in-law family; Lynn and Pat Craythorn as well as Roxy’s siblings; Valerie and Randy Carr, Rod and Holly Craythorn, and Lance and Marcy Craythorn. Additionally, Mark has a multitude of nieces and nephews and grand nieces and nephews as well as hundreds of friends who will miss his quit wit and big hugs.
As per Mark’s wishes there will be NO viewing. However, Mark will be honored during his funeral to be held from 1-2 pm, Friday April 5, 2019, at the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints chapel at 160 South 460 West, Salem, Utah. Please meet in the chapel. This meeting will be immediately followed by a grave dedication at the Salem City Cemetery, located at 965 South 140 East. As he requested, Mark’s life will also be celebrated with a gathering that includes music, food, and fun memories from 3:30 to 5:30 of the same day. This celebration will be held at Emerald Eve, located at 192 North, Utah Highway 198, Salem, Utah. Family and Friends are invited to all events.
Additionally, the family is gathering stories. If you have a story to share, please send it to roxyj16@gmail.com.
To send flowers in memory of Mark Allen Johnson, please visit our Heartfelt Sympathies Store.
Friday, April 5th, 2019 | 3:30pm - 5:30pm
Friday, April 5th, 2019 3:30pm - 5:30pm
Celebration of Life held at Emerald Eve Reception Area
192 N Utah Highway 198
Salem, Utah
Friday, April 5th, 2019 | 1:00pm
Friday, April 5th, 2019 1:00pm
Salem Heights Ward
160 S. 460 W.
Salem City Cemetery
130 East 965 South
Salem, Utah 84653
We encourage you to share your most beloved memories of Mark here, so that the family and other loved ones can always see it. You can upload cherished photographs, or share your favorite stories, and can even comment on those shared by others.
Kevin Jones, Rod & Holly Family, Randy & Valerie Family, and others have sent flowers to the family of Mark Allen Johnson.
Heartfelt Sympathies Store
We will all miss Mark and his loving spirit. Our thoughts and prayers and with you and your family. From your friends at Support Group
Heartfelt Sympathies Store purchased flowers for the family of Mark Johnson.
Roxy, we love you and Mark so much. You are both such brave and amazing people. All our love, Kevin and Jess Jones
Kevin Jones purchased flowers for the family of Mark Johnson.
Rod & Holly Family, Randy & Valerie Family
Words seem inadequate to express our sorrow. Johnson family, we love you & wish you peace, comfort and the courage to face the days ahead. You are in our thoughts and prayers.
Rod & Holly Family, Randy & Valerie Family purchased the Peaceful White Lilies Basket for the family of Mark Johnson.
Scott Winger
Our great friend Mark!! Thanks for the laughs and good memories you always made life fun!! Scott Winger, Russ Trutzel, Tracy Trutzel
Scott Winger purchased flowers for the family of Mark Johnson.
Glenn Hunt
Mark, the memories we shared during our watch for Salem ambulance will always be cherrished. Thank you for your friendship and your service. Love Glenn and Mary Hunt
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The Legacy of Lazarus
Real World article
(written from a Production point of view)
Alberto Giolitti
Gold Key Comics
Gold Key TOS #9
Stardate:
10:26.3 (2260s)
George Washington is alive and well – watch out Mr. Spock!
Summary Edit
"Captain's log, stardate 10:26.3 – We've established orbit around Gamma Alpha V to verify findings of the robot probe that discovered this planet ten years ago..."
Spock reports to Captain Kirk that the probe reported the planet as a Class M, but that it was uninhabited. This does not jibe with the current sensor readings that there is a civilization on the planet, including an enormous city. Kirk orders Spock, Sulu, Lt. Uhura, and Dr. McCoy to the transporter room to beam down to the planet.
Montgomery Scott transports the landing party down, and they find themselves in the midst of a city. They begin to explore, and Kirk spots someone across the road, and discovers that it is George Washington, but is shocked because Washington has been dead for over 400 years and Spock's tricorder states that Washington is real. Washington invites them over for dinner and introduces his wife, Helen of Troy. He explains that they've lived on the planet as long as they can remember, and they can do anything they want, except visit the silver spire at the center of town. Kirk tells Spock and Sulu to investigate the tower.
When the two leave, Washington introduces the crew to Nero (Emperor of Rome), Anton York (45th president of the United States of America), Abraham Lincoln, and mentions some of the others, including Alexander the Great, Napoleon, Cleopatra, Louis XIV, Florence Nightengale, and others. McCoy states that it must be heaven, but Kirk points out Hitler, and another member of the Nazi party. Kirk tries to contact Spock, but there is no answer. The crew head across town, and find Sulu with a large lump on his head, but there is no sign of Spock.
Underground, Mr. Spock awakes to find himself tied to a chair. A man introduces himself as Alexander Lazarus, an Earth historian of, as Spock puts it, "some minor repute." Lazarus tells Spock how he came to arrive on the planet after he was alienated from the scientific community on Earth and that he and his androids fled into space, eventually landing here. The silver spire is an antenna, and his computer was capable of recording the brain thoughts of all of the important and famous people in Earth's history. One day, the PSI-Clone short-circuited and one of the androids was caught in the energy burst. When Lazarus reached him, he discovered that the android had been transformed into Benjamin Franklin. Within a few months, the androids built a city around the spire, and Lazarus began imbuing them with the mind and memories of Earth's history. Unfortunately, now Lazarus is bored and wants something new. When he saw Spock, he decided to study Vulcan history, and all he needs is Spock's brain.
"Captain's log, stardate 10:26.8 – Upon beaming down to the planet Gamma Alpha V, we've discovered something incredible – a city peopled by every famous person who ever walked the Earth! While examining a strange silver tower in the city's center, Mr. Spock disappeared! Even now, my first officer – my friend – is somewhere on this planet, perhaps in terrible danger!"
Spock cannot understand how his brain would help Lazarus, and Lazarus explains that the PSI-Clone cannot understand Vulcan thoughts, and that to teach the computer to do this would destroy the brain. Just as Spock calls him mad, the alarm goes off. It appears that Sulu has discovered a hatch on the surface. Lazarus presses a button, and on the surface, the historical figures begin to attack the landing party.
Down in the chamber below, Spock has freed himself from the manacles by using a simple mathematical progression and disarms Lazarus. Lazarus flees, and accidentally stumbles into the brain-drain device. Spock tries to free him but the door has been sealed. The device drains Lazarus, killing him. Spock notices that the computer is damaged and that it is going wild. He contacts Scotty aboard the Enterprise and tells him to beam the others out but that he has important records that must be saved.
Scotty beams up the others, saving them from the fray. Kirk tells Spock that they are going to beam him up immediately. Scotty notes that Spock is too far beneath the surface, so turns the transporter up to full, double the normal output. The transporter will be hard pressed to handle the load for long. Just as he tries to transport Spock though, the sensors read that the cavern has been completely destroyed. Fortunately, they managed to save Spock, just as the planet explodes. The Enterprise races away at warp speed, managing to survive the explosion and shock waves. Spock was unable to save any of the records, and Kirk rues it, telling McCoy that "our heritage is our inspiration."
Memorable quotes Edit
"They're closing in for the Kill, Captain! Have you any suggestions?"
"Everyone, stand your ground! If this is going to be the end, we're going down fighting!"
- Spock and Kirk, as the crew face figures from the past
"My apologies, Mr. Spock! You were most definitely right!"
"Naturally, Captain! Did you expect otherwise?"
"You know, Spock– sometimes you can be irritatingly human!"
"Really, Doctor– this is no time for insults!"
- Kirk, Spock, and McCoy, on Spock being proven right
"You won't live long enough to gloat over your ingenuity, Spock!"
"The term "gloat" is not applicable, Lazarus! Use your head! You don't realize what you are doing!"
- Lazarus and Spock, as Spock tries to escape
"Jim, they're wiping up the place.. ugh.. with us!"
"I know, Bones – but I just can't bring myself to shoot Abraham Lincoln!"
- McCoy and Kirk, while fighting the androids
"All that information – lost forever! After all, what is man without his heroes – his fables and legends? Our heritage is our inspiration, Bones – to reach for things beyond what we can already touch – to dream a greater dream and mold it into a reality! Without the thinkers, the planners, the leaders, the doers – without our history to catch us when we fall and set us on our feet again... what has man got left?"
- Kirk
Background information Edit
This story was reprinted in Enterprise Log 2 and a later reprint of that volume from the Star Trek: The Key Collection series.
The photograph of Spock on the cover is taken from TOS: "Amok Time".
This was the last original photo cover in the series. The reprint issue #45: "The Voodoo Planet" was printed with a photo cover, but it was identical to the original cover on issue #7.
Creators Edit
Based on Star Trek created by Gene Roddenberry
Writer: Len Wein
Artist: Alberto Giolitti, Giovanni Ticci (inks)
Characters Edit
Canon characters listed below are linked to the main article about them. Non-canon characters are not linked, but those that recurred, appearing or being mentioned in more than one story, are defined further in Gold Key TOS characters.
Regular and recurring Edit
Enterprise captain.
Vulcan Enterprise exec and science officer.
Enterprise chief medical officer.
Enterprise chief engineer.
Enterprise helmsman.
Enterprise communications officer.
Others Edit
First president of the United States, a citizen of Gamma Alpha V.
Wife of George Washington on Gamma Alpha V.
Alexander Lazarus
An Earth historian.
Emperor of Rome, a citizen of Gamma Alpha V.
Anton York
45th president of the United States, a citizen of Gamma Alpha V.
Mentioned/Seen Edit
Gamma Alpha V
An uninhabited Class M planet.
PSI-Clone
A computer invented by Lazarus to collect memories and thoughts from famous people.
Previous issue: Series Next issue:
#8: "The Youth Trap" Gold Key TOS #10: "Sceptre of the Sun"
Retrieved from "https://memory-alpha.fandom.com/wiki/The_Legacy_of_Lazarus?oldid=2238043"
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Delete informative code-only answers? Not!
Since we emptied the giant LQ backlog, I've been given the TSA screener treatment a few times. Which is to say, I've been presented with an answer, asked to react to it, and then told that:
it was a test
I got the test wrong
In two cases, the answer in question was a perfectly correct, perfectly responsive answer that just so happened to be 100% python code. I said, 'looks good.'
Now, I can imagine that some people don't like code-only answers. By no stretch of the imagination, however, can I see how they deserve to be deleted. People who don't like them might downvote them. But delete?
It seems to me these test questions need to be human-selected. And if these examples were, in fact, human-selected, I'd like to have a few words with the human in question.
I'm not sure, based on the answers, that everyone followed my 'TSA screener' joke.
Airport X-ray machines periodically pop up fake images to test if the screener is paying attention. The 'we already know the answer' review interaction is just the same thing.
I'm not arguing that code-only answers are wonderful. I have no quarrel with people who want to downvote them. I object to being hectored and browbeaten to click 'I understand' when I declined to recommend deletion for one of them.
discussion review review-audits disputed-review-audits
RosinanteRosinante
It's easier if you just assimilate. Hurts for a bit, but then you don't have to think about it too much anymore. – Uphill Luge Sep 13 '12 at 0:44
+1. this is a q/a site, which means it is a place for people to ask QUESTIONS and get ANSWERS. In many many cases, answers that only have code in them accomplish the goal of an answer, which is to answer (or help answer) the question. The SOLE exception to this rule is the questionable homework tag; these should NEVER be answered in pure-code because policy/general rule is to help people do their homework but NEVER to their homework for them. – tehdoommarine Sep 13 '12 at 0:48
@tehdoommarine: we have a policy about what type of answers you can provide for questions people "think" are homework questions? You can give them all the code you want (or don't want). – user7116 Sep 13 '12 at 1:02
@tehdoommarine - homework tagged questions should not be treated any differently from other questions - OP should abide by the same rules as the rest of us e.g. what did they try, legibility etc. If someone wants to give a well documented fully working solution to a "homework" question then they should be free to do so without fear of scorn and negativity. Half/incomplete answers to "homework" questions aren't answers and just frustrate both the OP and others (non-students) who may actually find the need for the same solution in their professional working capacity. – Kev Sep 13 '12 at 2:16
@Kev - this is why the homework tag is indeed questionable. here's a sample of what i mean by the homework questions (comments): stackoverflow.com/questions/12389670/… – tehdoommarine Sep 13 '12 at 3:40
@tehdoommarine: I fixed the question by removing the homework tag. See, now you can answer it! (...or vote to delete) – user7116 Sep 13 '12 at 14:39
See also: meta.stackexchange.com/q/146790/186397 – Drise Sep 13 '12 at 17:19
So there is a "TSA screener test" equivalent built in? Do you have a reference for that? – slhck Sep 13 '12 at 18:26
This suit is black not – bobobobo Sep 13 '12 at 19:00
@slhck is has been discussed here. I don't have a link at hand. – Rosinante Sep 13 '12 at 20:50
@slhck Here and this duplicate I answered before it was marked as a duplicate. – Mark Hurd Sep 14 '12 at 3:48
@tehdoommarine: Pure code answers are only valid answers to the question "what is the code to do X?" which is not a good question for this site. A good question warrants explanatory prose answers, often enhanced by examples in code. – Lightness Races in Orbit Sep 18 '12 at 17:33
Early on, we had an unfortunate bug in the quality-check algorithm that resulted in a lot of code-only answers ending up in the queue (and in some cases, deleted). This has since been tweaked, so you should see fewer of these... But very short answers will still tend to end up in the queue, particularly if they're all-code or link-heavy; evaluate these on their merits.
When you come across bogus tests, post examples. We can - and should -tweak our selection algorithms.
Also, if you come across an answer that shouldn't have been deleted (in the review queue or anywhere else), flag for moderator attention and note this.
In the queue doesn't exercise me. In the 'test queue' bothers me. The next time I'll capture it for you. – Rosinante Sep 13 '12 at 20:51
I have never seen a code-only answer that couldn't be made better with the addition of appropriate text. They are of lower-quality than the same answer with some text.
I agree that out-right deleting them is not the answer. It seems to me that what we need is a mechanism to say that we think a low-quality question can be improved, but isn't something that should be deleted.
Nicol BolasNicol Bolas
+1 to marking it as "needing improvement". I was going to add that, but then I'd be way too long winded. – jmort253 Sep 13 '12 at 2:05
It's true that code may answer the askers question. If code is posted that does answer the askers question, that's great, and that's awesome.... for the asker.
However, the goal of Stack Overflow is to be a resource of knowledge not just for the asker, but for future visitors for years to come.
Perhaps someone from Google may stumble upon the question and the corresponding answers. All things being equal, this person may have a slightly different problem or the scope of his or her problem may be different. Thus, all things being equal, even if this person has equal or greater skill as the original asker, this person will likely benefit from having an explanation posted under the code as well.
Considering that most of the activity on a post happens within minutes or hours of it being posted, someone coming from Google doesn't have the same advantages as the original asker. The asker, if confused by the code-only answer, can ask for clarification in the comments, and most of the time the person posting the answer -- or a passerby -- will clarify.
For those coming from Google, the original person who answered may not be around, and there may be few active people lurking around the page. Therefore, it's in everyone's best interests to post a summary under the code. This helps guarantee the answer is useful to future visitors, who just happen to outnumber the asker by a ratio of N to 1.
As an aside, since many people from Google may not have a Stack Overflow account, this could help reduce the number of comments posted as answers, which create more maintenance work for the community. What better way to eliminate "not an answer" flags than to prevent them from happening in the first place by posting thorough, detailed answers!
Fortunately, it's not hard to put in an explanation as an answerer, and the extra effort is more likely to result in more upvotes! If that didn't happen, if no summary was submitted, then the next best thing is for us to try to edit and add an explanation, if possible. If not, then the post has served its purpose by helping only the asker, and it should be deleted.
jmort253jmort253
That's all true, but it doesn't mean code-only answers should be deleted. They can be more useful than no answer if left alone, and can also be edited to include explanation for the code. Not all of them, but many. – bfavaretto Sep 13 '12 at 3:02
Absolutely, @bfavaretto. If they can be edited, then by all means that should be the first step. But if the answer isn't helpful to future visitors and we can't figure out what it all means, then it's served its purpose and should be removed. :) Editing should always be the first consideration prior to deletion. – jmort253 Sep 13 '12 at 3:16
I disagree. In many cases, questions of the form 'how do I do X in language Y' are best answered with exemplary code. When done well, it needs no text to make it a perfectly informative reference for future generations. – Rosinante Sep 13 '12 at 14:49
@Rosinante - Since it's not always easy to tell the difference, why not just be on the safe side and provide an explanation. It's much easier if everyone just plays by the rules. – jmort253 Sep 14 '12 at 2:13
I haven't yet seen code-only answer that could not be improved by adding some explanatory text (have you?). As such, code-only answers are almost perfect candidates for downvoting:
Downvotes are the community's way of telling peers that their content can be improved...
But (and this is a very very big BUT), in support of your point, note that code-only answers are officially perfectly legal. Neither FAQ nor How To Answer give any indication that these are somehow prohibited.
For comparison, look at the strong discouragement given there to link-only answers - "provide context", "may be removed" - there's nothing like that for code-only answers.
The most negative evaluation I could squeeze from above references so far was clicking the adapted from link in "How To Answer", getting to Answering technical questions helpfully (note - this is not a part of SE network) and finding this statement somewhere in the middle, in a plain text, without any special emphasize:
Code without an explanation is rarely useful, however. At least provide a sentence or two to explain what's going on.
Summing up, all the authoritative references I've seen
have no trace that would even remotely hint
that deletion of code-only answers is encouraged - none, zilch, nada.
Because of above, I believe that suggesting deletion as a valid review option for code-only answers would be unfair. Decline to recommend deletion or choosing "Looks Good" for a code-only answer should be considered valid outcome in a test for stuff like this. If this is not the case, either test has to be redesigned / removed, or an authoritative reference should be provided to back up such an expectation in test.
For the sake of completeness, I personally agree that code-only is not a reason for deletion but that's not quite relevant here.
Side note. To me, the issue you describe also indicates a problem in review system design. I made a simple test to simulate actioning downvoting-candidate answer and I believe I figured what's wrong there.
Review suggested me an answer that I decided to be worth downvoting, not deletion - just an action I mentioned as most likely appropriate for code-only answers.
After some fussing with UI, I discovered a tiny link to an answer, clicked it (to open in a new browser tab) and downvoted - so far so good.
After that, I returned to review window. It was showing me the same set of options - looks-good, edit, deletion, not-sure. Hm.
I refreshed the window, my shiny new downvote was there, great. Now what about my options?
Oops there are the same looks-good, edit, deletion, not-sure.
Hey! Hel-lo-o-o-o!! didn't I just actioned the item suggested for review?
Didn't I just put my own precious reputation where my mouth is? downvoting answers is not free, you 'know
Given that I downvoted, what of these freaking options suit me? None "looks good" now, every one sucks in its own way.
gnatgnat
Think of the options in the perspective of the flag action - "looks good" would be "This looks good enough to not be flagged and handled", not "This looks good enough that it's perfect." Editing and deletion are results of flagging - downvoting isn't. – Grace Note♦ Sep 13 '12 at 16:27
@GraceNote agree. With this in mind, "Looks Good" option sounds quite valid to me. Though I'd rather remove such a test at all since it sends an ambiguous message. As you pointed, it could be interpreted differently, as if code-only is perfect - I am not quite comfortable with this – gnat Sep 13 '12 at 16:52
The last part of your answer makes me think of the many requests for having the ability to vote back to the LQ queue, without requiring us to follow the "link" link. I agree that voting is a valid action in review too. – bfavaretto Sep 13 '12 at 17:23
I agree though in the sense that it is truly an informative code-only answer.
If the code is readable such that no further explanation is given/needed/required, I don't think it should be deleted.
But if I am presented with code that looks like spaghetti, unreadable yet answers the question, that is, the code works, I think it deserves a down-vote at the very least (as the tooltip says: This answer is not useful, where usefulness I am subjectively saying depends on readability as well)
don't delete informative code only answers - Up-vote them
don't delete non-informative code only answers - Down-vote them
Deleting should only be used for comments left as answers or spam.
Or when the original poster wants to remove their answer
phwdphwd
If the code is readable to where you think no further explanation is needed, then that puts you in the perfect position to edit it with a brief explanation, and it's the easiest way to win the battle against the people who would love to delete it. :) If you can't beat 'em, join 'em. – jmort253 Sep 13 '12 at 1:32
print("Hello world!") // prints "Hello world!". There's nothing more than I hate than unbelievably stupid practice I have seen in some schools, where teacher forced student to comment every trivial line with stuff like int speed; // declare variable to hold speed or speed += 20 // increase speed by 20. Many, I believe more than 50% of questions require very simple snippets of code in answer and if they're not transparent to someone without additional explanation, providing it is unlikely to help that person either. – Oleg V. Volkov Sep 13 '12 at 12:54
Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged discussion review review-audits disputed-review-audits .
Is there any benefit to allowing code-only answers while blocking code-only questions?
New review system showing deleted answer
Please add a “Code Only Answer” Reason in the Low Quality Review Queue
Is there a way to disagree with the review systems “recommendation”
Answers referring to a manual page
Answer deleted 5 days ago appearing in new beta review queue
Which computer science / programming Stack Exchange sites do I post on?
Bring a “human factor” into review audit composition/selection
Help us make “Not Constructive” and “Not a Real Question” closures more effective
How do we encourage edits to obsolete/out of date answers?
Can we raise the bar for reputation for late answers to bypass the review queue?
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Seven separatists killed in Cameroon’s troubled Anglophone region
Seven armed separatists were killed in fresh clashes with government forces early Thursday in Cameroon’s locality of Esu located in troubled English-speaking region of Northwest, according to military sources.
“There were 11 of them generally but we only handled those that were actively involved in the fighting and the others were released,’’ a military officer who asked not to be named told Xinhua.
Armed separatists seeking to secede from largely French-speaking Cameroon have been clashing with government forces in the two English-speaking regions of Northwest and Southwest since 2017.
At least 430,000 people have been displaced internally by the conflict, according to the United Nations.
The crisis also cost the lives of more than 300 soldiers, according to the Cameroon army.
However, there are no official figures of the number of separatists killed so far. (Xinhua/NAN)
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READ ALSO: Insecurity: NYSC redeploys 350 corps members from Borno to Kano
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OPEIU members are voting on whether to cut their own pension – to halt insolvency
Aug 22, 2018 Retirement
About 7,400 current and former members of nine western union locals of Office and Professional Employees International Union (OPEIU) face a vote on whether to cut their own promised pension benefits by 30 percent — in order to prevent the pension from running out of money altogether in 2036.
Assets owned by the Western States OPEIU Pension Fund lost value in the 2008 financial crash, but because its participating unions have shrunk greatly in recent decades, there are now too few participating employees to be able to ramp up contributions and recover from that shortfall.
About one in ten union multi-employer pension plans nationally are in the same predicament, headed for insolvency. To respond to that crisis, Congress passed a law called Multiemployer Pension Reform Act (MPRA) in 2014 that allows the union and employer trustees of failing pension plans to propose benefit cuts to a certain extent — just enough to save the pension plans themselves from going under.
In the case of the Western States OPEIU Pension Fund, the participants are mostly clerical staff at labor unions and defunct or no-longer-unionized trucking companies. Retirees and vested former workers in the plan today outnumber current workers by 11 to 1.
Participants in the Western States OPEIU pension, including members of Vancouver-headquartered OPEIU Local 11, received ballots and instructions in the mail Aug. 20. They’ll have until Sept. 7 to cast a ballot by mail, telephone or online. But under MPRA, a majority of pension plan participants must vote no in order to overturn a cut proposed by trustees, not just a majority of those voting. In effect, participants who don’t vote are counted as “yes” votes.
If the cuts aren’t overturned, retirees and their surviving spouses will see their pension payments reduced as of Oct. 1, though no cuts will be made to those 80 years old or older, and the cuts are less than 30 percent for those 75 to 80. The cuts also apply to those who retire after that date; their benefit will be 30 percent less than was formerly promised.
In all cases, the reduced benefit levels will still be more than the amount retirees would get from the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation (PBGC) if the plan were to become insolvent in 18 years, as is projected.
The Western States pension cut proposal is explained in detail at a special web site, wspensionrecovery.com.
OPEIU
OPEIU Local 11
Western States OPEIU Pension
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This Is the Smartest Thing Facebook Ever Did
As Facebook announces it has nearly tripled profits, we look back at its prescient move to decouple Messenger from the core app.
By Jessi Hempel • 08/05/16 8:52am
Mark Zuckerberg introduces a new messenger platform at the F8 summit in San Francisco, California. (Photo: Josh Edelson/AFP/Getty Images)
More than a billion people currently use Messenger. Yup, that’s billion with a “b.” As Mark Zuckerberg said on this week’s Facebook earnings call, “Between Messenger and WhatsApp, I think we’re around 60 billion messages a day, which I think is something like three times more than the peak of global SMS traffic.”
This is big. A mere two years ago, Facebook lagged far behind when it came to its mobile and messaging strategies. The pivotal moment came when the company made a risky call that pissed off many, many users and kicked off a storm of negative press. In retrospect it turned out to be not only the right decision, but a mission-critical one.
7/28/2014 (Photo: Backchannel.com)
Two years ago Facebook stopped allowing messaging in its iPhone and Android apps, and forced people to download its standalone Messenger app to exchange private Facebook messages.
To many of Facebook’s most loyal users, this seemed like a very dumb idea. As my sister-in-law posted on my page at the time: “I absolutely hate it. One centralized app where you can do everything you need to do is so much more efficient from a user perspective and a phone/memory one too.”
It’s no secret that Facebook was slow to figure out a mobile strategy. Thus, as messaging became popular, Facebook’s messaging feature was eclipsed by faster, less buggy apps like Snapchat, Kik, and WhatsApp. Apple and Google had both remade the texting tools inside their mobile operating systems. But Facebook didn’t have a mobile operating system, so it had to depend on users to download the Facebook app. Even then, messaging was hard to find within the slow and cluttered app.
Of course the Messenger app already existed. It got its start back in 2011, when Facebook paid a reported $40 million for the group messaging app Beluga and recruited its founders. By the end of 2011, they had launched the standalone app, but it was a mess — not as useful as email or as widely adopted as, say, BBM. Hardly anyone downloaded it.
To better compete with messaging apps, Facebook sunk resources into improving the tech behind Messenger. But Facebook’s diehard users didn’t download the app. Why bother? If they really needed to check a Facebook message, they could still access it through Facebook proper.
After experimenting with the strategy in several European countries, Facebook cut off messaging in its main app for everyone. Users freaked out. Privacy activists complained that the new app required users to set their settings all over again and that it defaulted to settings that identified too much personal information. Users began citing and spreading misinformation such as rumors that Facebook had permission to keep your camera turned on all the time, and could be spying on you.
Then, people began to use Messenger more. The tech had become speedier and the app began to introduce new, alluring features. In less than six months, Facebook more than doubled the number of active users on Messenger, and the number kept growing.
Two years later (Photo: Backchannel.com)
Today, Facebook’s Messenger has turned into ground zero for bot innovation. As developers and businesses experiment with building in-app software snippets to automate interactions — a phenomenon I call “BOTMANIA!” — they want to reach as many people as possible with their software. And in North America, there’s no bigger messaging audience.
All this promises to be very profitable to Facebook. While the company hasn’t lured advertisers to spend significant ad dollars on Messenger yet, that’s the future plan. In this week’s earnings call, chief financial officer David Wehner said the company develops its apps in three phases. In phase one, Facebook grows the user base. “We’re really at the beginning of phase two,” he said, in which the company focuses on growing organic interactions between people and businesses. Once businesses see this is working, the company launches stage three, in which it asks companies to pay up. This strategy has worked well for the company’s other products: Facebook reported $6.44 billion in sales this year, up 59 percent from a year ago. The company’s profits almost tripled to $2.06 billion.
Meanwhile, Messenger still hasn’t won my sister-in-law over. Not even the prospect of silly GIFs and cat stickers can convince her that it’s worth adding one more app to her phone. Yet.
Will Facebook Messenger Kill Email?
Facebook’s High-Flying Drone Finally Takes Off
How Facebook Will Build the Connected World
How India Pierced Facebook’s Free Internet Program
Backchannel (Photo: Backchannel.com)
Jessi Hempel is the head of editorial for Backchannel, where she writes about the business and culture of technology. Follow Jessi on Twitter @jessiwrites. This story originally appeared on Backchannel.com.
Filed Under: Technology, Business, Facebook, Tech, Mark Zuckerberg, apps, business, Messenger
SEE ALSO: Instagram’s Co-Founders Left Facebook Last Year—Now, We Finally Know the Reason Why
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Naim Factory Tour
Call me a geek but I do enjoy a good factory tour, and with Naim building some of the finest equipment in the world, I had been particularly keen for this trip for a while. Especially as due to varying circumstances over the past year it had been rearranged several times, which had only built my anticipation further. So to avoid any further potential issues, Andy and I headed down to Salisbury the night before so we could get an early start and cover all grounds, plus leave time for a listening session at the end. So it was set to be a busy day.
If you are ever down in Salisbury I would highly recommend the Chapter House where we stayed, great location in the city centre, superb food (950g steak was delicious and filling!!!) and Andy indulged in their selection of beers, all of which got the thumbs up… Plus a comfy bed was the perfect way to sleep off my food coma.
Morning arrived and we headed over to Naims HQ, a vast building which has been expanded over the years to reflect their growth, both in production and R&D. At the entrance hall, we were greeted by a small selection from a vast array of awards which Naim has accumulated over the years… Some of which were won before I was born!
The tour was led by Jason and Dan, both of whom have been with the company for many years, with Dan joining way back in 1983! I was surprised to learn he was not even the longest-serving employee there! It is a true reflection of the company’s ethics and values that it has retained staff members for so long and their knowledge and passion for the brand was staggering.
We started off on a high, a Statement was in production and we were lucky enough to be shown the production line. This mighty beast was Naim’s venture into the ultimate, no expense spared, uncompromised sound reproduction. With an R&D venture costing over one million pounds, Naim wanted to push the limits of music reproduction, creating the best system that current technology would allow. Fortunately, we have been lucky enough to see aspects of this development trickle down into the classic range.
The Statement is split into two halves separated by an acrylic block, that not only looks the part but was specifically chosen for its properties to block mechanical interactions between the noisy power supply and sensitive electronics above. The heart of the power supply is a whooping 4KvA transformer, housed in a brass mount which is then bolted to the chassis… You would be forgiven if you thought it was bolted to the floor when trying to pick one up! It is a true work of art and currently, only three skilled technicians are qualified to work on any Statement piece, which takes nearly a month to produce and assemble to the highest standard.
If there is any nicks or scuffs to internal cables or components, then the part is discarded, including that stunning transformer. Every attention to detail has been paid to grounding, materials used, even the casings internal design helps reduce noise so that the end amplified signal is as clean as possible.
We then moved onto the production floor for the classic and Uniti range (yes there are NOVA’s in production!).
The staff here are just as meticulous as their Statement counterparts, every cable that should be kept apart is neatly separated, even the bends put into the earth cable to reduce mechanical noise are reviewed.
Naim as a company are fussy to the nth degree but when you hear their products it's obvious they are on the right track!
The ultimate expression of their pernickety ways is the fact that every DIN cable supplied is shaken 172 times before being boxed up!
Mr Vereker had noticed when doing testing early on, that one cable had sounded differently to another, despite being the same cable. Upon investigating he found that stressed cables were a factor contributing to this difference.
Most cables are wrapped on reels that subject them to a fair degree of stress before being cut and terminated. So now every cable is hooked up and shaken before being loosely coiled up and packed in the box.
As for the exact number 172, well that seemed to be an arbitrary number to poke a little fun at the lengths we go to for pursuit of the perfect system.
So after passing through production and seeing everything from classic NAPs to NACs (a few pieces being built for our customers as well which was nice to see ??) as well as a sneak peek at the production of the Gen 2 streamers.
We went over to see the guys in service and here is where Naim excel. They pride themselves on customer service! Products, even dating back to the 80s, are being serviced and fixed. They keep huge stocks of spares to make sure they can look after you and your purchase for many years to come and this forward thinking continues to this date. The CD5XS was discontinued recently as one part had ceased production, Naim purchased every remaining piece, not to be able to make one last batch for a quick sale, but rather to be able to service and support CD5XS owners for the foreseeable future.
The final part of the tour was the best part, we were joined by one of our customers who has been a Naim owner since the late 80s and as times have progressed so has his system, cumulating in NAC552, NAP500DR, NAP300DR, NDS, 555PS and now considering the ultimate upgrade to Statement, being fed by ND555 and dual 555PS. Luckily this is what we were treated to.
The Focal Scalas were driven to their upper limit. Everything we threw at the system it handled fantastically, displaying effortless dynamics, authority and a soundstage scale which is hard to match. A particular track which stood out was Benny Greb – Grebchestra, an interesting track consisting of his own vocals layered, and a powerful beat which comes in sharply and aggressively with some crazy mind blowing syncopated rhythm. I am pleased to say the system did not miss a beat! What was presented in front of us was a giant drum kit with perfectly panned snare rolls and crisp hi-hats all round superb.
After a couple of hours more of listening we sadly had to hit the road. What I took from the tour was that Naim is a company that is about attention to detail, both in R&D and manufacturing!! Above all else, it was a company of great people who care about their product and the music.
If you wish to demonstrate any Naim products we carry the complete range up to the 552, NAP500DR and will have the latest range of streamers as soon as they are out… Just give us a call.
As for the Statement! Well, my heart is set on having one on permanent demonstration now, my wallet just needs to catch up…
Adam.
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Account of the assassination of president abraham lincoln
Atzerodt was to go to Johnson's room at To sell or enslave any captured person on account of his color, is a relapse into barbarism, and a crime against the civilization of the age.
Booth planned to shoot Lincoln with his single-shot Deringerand then stab Grant, at Ford's Theatre. Lincoln warned that " The Slave Power. In Michael W. As he reached the scaffold and stood on it, the boards gave way, and he fell to the ground.
Bust pose facing to the right, taken between March 1st, and June 30th, The crisis which threatened to divide the friends of the Union is past. Like Seward, he paused before he responded: I have ordered recruiting officers to accompany these expeditions.
I know that many of them are vastly the superiors of those…who would condemn them to a life of brutal degradation.
Mary did return in Novemberand Lincoln courted her for a time; however, they both had second thoughts about their relationship. The service was closed with prayers by Reverend Dr.
That is the last speech he will ever make. Lincoln—Douglas debates and Cooper Union speech Douglas was up for re-election inand Lincoln hoped to defeat the powerful Illinois Democrat.
A lenient peace was abhorrent to the Radicals, and the cotton speculators feared an end to their big profits. The Lincolns arrived late for the comedy, but the president was reportedly in a fine mood and laughed heartily during the production. So, on January 12,less than two weeks after the appearance of the final Emancipation Proclamation, he introduced a bill consisting of two sections.
Seward is on the right side of the photo, Brady stands at the center, wearing a white suit, P. Powell was hanged on July 7,along with David Herold, George Atzerodt, and Mary Surratt, who were also involved in the conspiracy.
On April 14,Frederick Seward was injured in an assassination attempt upon his father the same night Lincoln was murdered. Of this fact there are at least four proofs, as we shall see: Lincoln had indeed been assassinated, but not until late in the evening of that day. Forbes an eminent business man of Boston or some other good organizer had committed to him in the War office this great work and had full power to act he could in the border states and in the conquered portions of the rebel states raise men with great rapidity — fill our armies and distroy [sic] slavery.
An excellent example of this much sought after photograph. If negroes are to fight, they too will not be content with sliding back into the status of slave, or Free Negro either. The century which has passed, makes any new and definitive solution to the crime doubtful.
The soldiers had orders not to shoot and decided to burn him out of the barn. Leale, Taft, and another doctor, Albert Kingdecided that while Lincoln must be moved, a carriage ride to the White House was too dangerous.
An extremely rare view, some soiling to card but photos clear and distinct Paper is crisp, some wear at fold, a good issue published only days after the assassination We have a very limited amount of displays available.
He later joined the American Presbyterian Church [] and soon fell in disfavor with that religious group. Nor is there any inkling as to how he managed to get the appointment, and get it so rapidly.
With hesitation, the War Department assented to the commissioner of some black chaplains and surgeons, but in the early stages of black units the federal government made it clear that only white men would serve as combat officers.
A soldier poured water into his mouth, which he spat out, unable to swallow. The photograph had been taken by photographer Jeremiah Gurney, Jr.
Henry, an old and trusted family friend.
Barret, who had refused to pay the balance on his pledge to buy shares in the railroad on the grounds that the company had changed its original train route. After the war, Lincoln planned a mild Reconstruction policy which would have enabled a resumption of agriculture production.
Delany promised a black army within three months, not just black recruits.John Wilkes Booth leaps from the President's box at Ford's Theater after shooting Lincoln and stabbing Major Rathbone.
On April 11,two days after Lee's surrender at Appomattox, Lincoln delivered a speech outlining his plans for peace and reconstruction. In the audience was John Wilkes Booth.
The Civil War President Abraham Lincoln: THE ELECTION - While paper election ballots are readily available on the market for the election, ballots for the election are much agronumericus.com offer two huge ballots for the election, one for Lincoln and another for Douglas.
Assassination of President Abraham Lincoln On the evening of April 14,while attending a special performance of the comedy, "Our American Cousin," President Abraham Lincoln was shot.
Accompanying him at Ford's Theatre that night were his wife, Mary Todd Lincoln, a twenty-eight year-old officer named Major Henry R.
Rathbone, and Rathbone's fiancée, Clara Harris. Oct 27, · Watch video · On the evening of April 14,John Wilkes Booth, a famous actor and Confederate sympathizer, assassinated President Abraham Lincoln.
Abraham Lincoln, the 16th President of the United States, was assassinated by well-known stage actor John Wilkes Booth on April 14,while attending the play Our American Cousin at Ford's Theatre in Washington, D.C. Shot in the head as he watched the play, Lincoln died the following day at a.m., in the Petersen House opposite the agronumericus.com: Abraham Lincoln (succeeded), Andrew Johnson (failed), William H.
Seward (failed). The President Is Shot!: The Assassination of Abraham Lincoln [Harold Holzer] on agronumericus.com *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers.
On Friday evening, April 14,less than a week after the surrender of Confederate forces, John Wilkes Booth crept into Ford's Theatre and murdered Abraham Lincoln. Though it happened nearly .
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Coming out in the cold: @burgewords reviews #Carol
Michael Burge
Journalist at No Fibs
Michael is an author and journalist who lives on Ngarabal country in the NSW Northern Tablelands. He was was born at Inverell into a farming family with New England roots deeper than most, and lived within weatherboard walls under an iron roof for long enough to know what he's talking about when it comes to the country.
@burgewords
Latest posts by Michael Burge (see all)
Climate heresy in the high country: @burgewords comments on #NewEnglandVotes - February 22, 2019
From this day backwards: @burgewords on the long journey to Australia’s first lesbian marriage - March 22, 2018
Barnaby Joyce out of place: @burgewords comments on #NewEnglandVotes - February 16, 2018
Michael's articles about writers, performers, artists, creative rebels and the writing process are available at his website.
The wait for enlightenment will be long, and the darkest, pre-dawn hour lies ahead.
WITH nothing more complex than a series of firmly-closed doors, the film Carol takes a powerful dramatic turn that subtly gives two women the space to explore their attraction.
When Therese (Rooney Mara) slips into the passenger seat beside Carol (Cate Blanchett) and shuts out her fiancé, they leave him blinking on the kerbside. Soon after, Carol’s old flame Abby (Sarah Paulson) firmly shuts her front door on Carol’s estranged husband (Kyle Chandler), leaving him awkwardly-framed through a small window.
But it is the shutting of the door between the two protagonists – closed by Carol against Therese at the height of an argument – which makes forbidden fruit all the more potent for both women.
Phyllis Nagy’s screenplay (based on Patricia Highsmith’s 1952 novel The Price of Salt) uses these pivotal separations to mark out the territory of a love story that breaks several taboos.
The shutting-out of men has been a powerful literary force ever since Anne Brontë’s The Tenant of Wildfell Hall (1848) in which Helen Graham dramatically slams her bedroom door in her husband’s face and created what many credit as the first feminist novel.
Published a century later, and phenomenally successful in its day, The Price of Salt disappeared from mainstream lists until Highsmith came out as its author in the 1980s and changed the book’s title. Plans were made in the 1990s to adapt it for the screen, and almost twenty years on – surely one of the film industry’s greatest examples of persistence – the story has been thrust into mainstream consciousness.
And its arrival pulls few punches. The unstable yearnings of unfolding passion will be familiar and understandable to anyone who has ever fallen in love, but emotional and sexual lust between two women is rarely seen on the big screen across suburban cinemas.
Carol contains several quite inadvertent similarities to other stories. When Carol and Therese take to the road, the story has strong echoes of Thelma and Louise. The escapist quality of that journey also speaks to the kind of concealed passion explored in Brokeback Mountain.
Highsmith’s novel traverses similar tragic precipices, yet its originality lies in the choices Carol and Therese make when their love is swiftly and coldly thwarted. Far from home, in a frozen place ironically called Waterloo, they have the door to their world cruelly wrenched open for the very worst of reasons – a blow that lands right in Carol’s weak spot.
It is from this point in the story, the final act of Carol, that Phyllis Nagy has done greatest service to Highsmith, but don’t be fooled by the alleged ‘happy ending’ tag this story has garnered. While it doesn’t have the shock ending of Thelma and Louise or the tragedy of Brokeback Mountain, the denoument of Carol comes with a level of compromise and risk that could never be defined as a positive outcome.
Cate Blanchett portrays Carol as glamorous and anaesthetised, at times a sheer minx and at others world-weary, as though every stroke of make-up and hair product in the high-fashion front is only just managing to hold her upright. She inhabit’s Highsmith’s title role with a languid style that is never more poignant than when Carol is required to behave.
A mesmerising, disturbing film about unearthing passion and controlling rage.
The slow burn of Therese’s story is given a sparse amount of dialogue, since her passion must remain internal until it is safe to express. Rooney Mara gives Therese the perfect hyper self-awareness in the role that is closest to Highsmith herself, who revealed in the book’s 1989 re-release that she’d encountered a woman like Carol while working in a department store as a youth. Despite finding out where she lived, Highsmith never made contact.
Knowing the fully-fledged rage with which Highsmith went on to live and write by, it’s impossible to watch Rooney Mara’s performance without the sense that Therese would eventually give Carol a run for her money as a self-determined woman.
Haynes has been praised for the visual style of Carol, yet it has nothing like the luminous, throbbing-with-colour quality of his other 1950s-era film Far From Heaven (2002).
Carol and Therese inhabit a darkened, soft-focus, wintry world. Glimpses of sun show themselves at the edges, but remain out of reach, as though the wait for enlightenment will be long, and the darkest, pre-dawn hour lies ahead.
Nagy’s screenplay achieves far more with the story’s dramatic turns than Highsmith’s novel, which was her second and suffers a little from not knowing what to do with these characters before she sets them on the road.
Nagy knew Highsmith and drew on her friend’s experience of what it was like to be a lesbian in the 1940s and 1950s by adding detail on the legal and psychological challenges faced by same sex-attracted women in the United States.
But Highsmith’s novel sends Carol and Therese on a journey through America’s road culture, beyond the restrictions of their lives and dangerously oblivious to the ramifications of their journey, that is not fully realised on the screen.
The scale of the route rivals that of Thelma and Louise, yet the cinematic potential of vast landscapes is not captured in the film. When the city-dwelling protagonists emerge in an expansive, elemental space they are unlocked from the world that confined them, and their enemies are required to do far more work to rein them in. In this, Carol is a precursor to Highsmith’s best-known works, the Tom Ripley series of thrillers, and leaves the novel worth reading for its own sake.
A mesmerising, disturbing film about unearthing passion and controlling rage for the sake of relationships, Carol explores the limits of what people will accept and the territory they will not negotiate.
The right to evade capture, to avoid being shut out emotionally, are portrayed as loudly as the sexual criminality of the era, and make a universal story out of what might otherwise have remained a period piece.
© Michael Burge, all rights reserved. This article also appears on his blog.
Filed Under: #auspol, Front Page, Literature, Marriage Equality, Michael Burge, Misogyny Tagged With: Carol, Cate Blanchett, homophobia, LGBT, Patricia Highsmith, Phyllis Nagy, Rooney Mara, The Price of Salt, Todd Haynes
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Brazil’s Special Place in UFC
Brent Brookhouse | @brentbrookhouse | 10 May 2019 in Uncategorized
November 12, 1993 was the first time the world was exposed to the UFC. That night changed the way the world thought about fighting when a skinny Brazilian ran through the field, winning three fights by quick submission.
Royce Gracie put jiu jitsu on the map, in what was an event created largely to prove the effectiveness of the Gracie style of fighting. He was, in fact, selected for his unimposing physique.
Asked in 2013 why he chose his brother to represent the family in that initial tournament, Rorion Gracie said: “By putting someone like Royce in the cage, with a skinny body and totally physically unimpressive, we showed everybody that little guys can be tough too if they know Gracie jiu-jitsu. People say, ‘If he can do it, I can do it.’ That was the message we wanted to put across, and it worked out great.”
Royce would win the tournaments at UFC 1, 2 and 4 — failing to win the third event when he had to withdraw after winning his opening round bout.
His performances, and the ease with which he dispatched men who “looked the part” of vicious fighters, had done the trick. Not only for his family’s legacy, but in establishing the UFC as the new home of fighting. It also showed Brazil to be home to some of the toughest and most technical men in the world.
Other Brazilians would rise up in the post-Gracie UFC. Marco Ruas won the UFC 7 tournament but Vitor Belfort was the next Brazilian to truly cause a stir.
Belfort blasted through the four-man UFC 12 heavyweight tournament. He used boxing skills and hand speed previously unseen in the Octagon. He returned at UFC 13 and stopped fan favorite beer-bellied brawler Tank Abbott in 52 seconds. Belfort would compile a 5-1 record between 1997 to 1999. He would return for two additional stints in the UFC before retiring in May 2018.
As the fighting world adapted to (and adopted) jiu jitsu, Brazilians stayed at or near the top of the rankings.
The greats
In addition to the first wave of Brazilian fighters, other men would establish themselves as among the best fighters the world has ever seen.
Anderson Silva burst onto the UFC scene as the living embodiment of a video game character. He won the UFC middleweight championship in his second bout in the Octagon. Then won 16 straight UFC bouts, usually doing anything and everything he wanted to his opponents.
Wanderlei Silva’s best days came in the PRIDE ring in Japan, but he was one of the most feared fighters on the planet for most of his career.
Until the arrival of Conor McGregor, Jose Aldo was the best featherweight to ever compete in mixed martial arts. He was also arguably the best pound-for-pound fighter on the planet.
Cris Cyborg, Lyoto Machida, Antonio Rodrigo Nogueira (and twin brother Antonio Rogerio Nogueira), “Shogun” Rua, Jacare Souza… the list of true fighting greats from Brazil is long, and their accomplishments too numerous to count.
Brazil (15) is second only to the United States (68) in division champions in UFC history.
Uh Vai Morrer
But Brazil is not special in the world of MMA for its fighters alone.
The fans are ravenous and create an entirely unique atmosphere unmatched in the world.
One of the defining traits of Brazilian crowds is chanting “Uh Vai Morrer” at foreign fighters competing against Brazilians. The chant translates to “You are going to die.” Only in the world of the UFC is this somehow a charming quality, but it’s expected to the point of being a demand of crowds when the Octagon rolls into town.
MMA website BloodyElbow.com put together a great feature on the history of the chant:
This weekend, the UFC returns to Brazil for UFC 237. The event will be held at Jeunesse Arena in Rio de Janeiro, and will feature some iconic Brazilian fighters.
In the main event, Jessica Andrade faces off with strawweight champion Rose Namajunas.
Living legend Anderson Silva faces off with Jared Cannonier in the middleweight co-main event.
Jose Aldo, the previously mentioned former pound-for-pound king, will look to run his winning streak to three when he faces Alexander Volkanovski.
Antonio Rogerio Nogueira fights for only the second time since November 2016 when he takes on Ryan Spann.
And plenty more men and women will enter the Octagon Saturday as they look to continue a UFC tradition that dates back to UFC 1 – the skinny kid fighting to sell his family’s art to the masses.
The “Uh Vai Morrer” chants will be flowing in Rio.
Anderson SilvaRoyce GracieUFCUFC 237
Copyright © 2001-2019, Rational Intellectual Holdings Limited. All rights reserved. Rational Entertainment Enterprises Limited, Douglas Bay Complex, King Edward Road, Onchan, IM3 1DZ, Isle of Man. License renewed March 10, 2014. Online gambling is regulated in the Isle of Man.
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SBU News > Arts & Entertainment > Staller Center Presents Moscow Festival Ballet March 21
Staller Center Presents Moscow Festival Ballet March 21
One of the happiest ballets in the classical repertory, Coppelia, comes to Staller Center on Sunday, March 21, at 7:00 pm, performed by the Moscow Festival Ballet.
This sunny 19th-century comic classic is about a toymaker who creates wonderfully lifelike dolls. Encompassed in three lively acts are lighthearted renderings of love, loss, and mistaken identity as a beautiful life-like toy doll is mistaken for a girl a toymaker passes off as his daughter.
Revenge and reconciliation follow, and to wrap it all up, the story ends with a wedding and the promise of happily ever after. Coppelia, with choreography by Arthur Saint-Leon and music by Leo Delibes, had its premiere on May 25, 1870, in Paris and was an instant hit. If Giselle is the 19th century’s great tragic ballet, dance historians often cite Coppelia as the century’s standout comedy.
The Moscow Festival Ballet was founded in 1989 when legendary principal dancer of the Bolshoi Ballet Sergei Radchenko realized his vision of a company that would bring together the highest classical elements of the great Bolshoi and Kirov Ballet companies in an independent new company within the framework of Russian classical ballet. The Moscow Festival Ballet has toured extensively throughout the United States since 1997 and returns for a 17-week tour.
Tickets are $42. Call 632-ARTS or go to www.stallercenter.com to order.
Coming up at Staller
The Metropolitan Opera (Met Opera Live in HD) comes to Staller Center on screen in the Main Stage Theatre, broadcast live from the Met during the opera season. The opera Hamlet will be seen on Sunday, March 28, with Armida scheduled for Saturday, May 1.
The Stony Brook Film Festival, featuring 10 days of outstanding independent films in competition, will take place July 22 through July 31.
Cirque Show Coming to Staller Center on October 14
Annual Messiah Sing-along at Staller Center, December 10
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The University Orchestra will present a concert at Staller Center on Tuesday, May 7, at 7:30 pm, featuring Dvorak’s Carnival Overture and Rimsky-Korsakov’s Scheherazade. The soloist — First Place Winner of the 2019...
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Concert Under the Stars and Laser Light Show
Southampton Writers Conference Celebrates Another Summer
Quirky Yarn/Wire Concerts are a Summer Tradition at Stony Brook
Celebrating the 50th Anniversary of the Apollo 11 Moon Landing
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Howardena Pindell Makes Art that Matters
Kelly Quad Entertains While Giving Back with Year-End Music Fest
MFA Student Shorts Featured in 2 Film Festivals
Middle School Playwrights Featured at 11th Annual Festival Hosted by Young Artists and Writers Project (YAWP)
Zuccaire Gallery Features Two Student Art Exhibits
MFA in Film Graduate’s New Feature, Atlantic City, Screening at South Korean Film Festival
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SBU News > On Campus > SB Remembers John H. Marburger September 16
SB Remembers John H. Marburger September 16
The Stony Brook community is invited to pay tribute to John Harmen Marburger, III, on Friday, September 16, 2011, at 3:30 pm in the Staller Center, with a reception following in the Charles B. Wang Center.
Dr. Marburger, former president of Stony Brook University, director of Brookhaven National Laboratory, science advisor to President George W. Bush, and up until a few weeks before his death Vice President for Research at Stony Brook, died on Thursday, July 28, 2011, after four years of treatment for non-Hodgkins lymphoma.
Memorial gifts can be made to the John H. Marburger, III Memorial Fund, which will support fellowships for women undertaking graduate study in the physical sciences, engineering, or mathematics; fellowships for graduate students in music performance; and the Pollock-Krasner House.
Please visit www.stonybrook.edu/marburgerfund or contact the Office of Advancement at (631) 632-6300 for information.
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Victor Regnier to use Fulbright grant for a housing study in Portugal
The professor will lecture on design and policy while exploring creative housing solutions for Portuguese seniors
BY Allison Engel
Victor Regnier, a professor with a unique joint appointment at the USC School of Architecture and the USC Davis School of Gerontology, is heading to Portugal for his second Fulbright Research Award studying housing and community settings for an aging population.
Regnier, an Association of Collegiate Schools of Architecture Distinguished Professor, received his first Fulbright grant in 1992 and analyzed supportive housing models in Sweden, Denmark, Norway, Finland and the Netherlands. His work resulted in three books and through his consulting, the development of innovative assisted-living projects throughout the United States. He is one of three USC professors so far in 2014 to receive Fulbright awards.
Exploring ways for housing and services to assist the aging frail to become more independent is of paramount concern to families.
Victor Regnier
“Portugal has one of the world’s highest percentage of residents over the age of 65. It’s 50 percent higher than the United States,” Regnier said. “In addition, the country has one of the lowest percentages of population under the age of 17. The country is not well positioned to support a burgeoning aging population.”
Professor Victor Regnier (Photo/courtesy of Victor Regnier)
The professor was asked by the graduate program at the architecture school at The Catholic University of Portugal at Viseu to apply for the Fulbright. This fall, he will be lecturing there on housing design and policy, as well as the need for non-institutional purpose-built housing for frail seniors. In the spring, he will work with design studio students on housing projects that take mental and physical impairments of the elderly into consideration. He will also visit and assess several projects for the elderly in Lisbon and the country’s south coast.
“Like many Southern European and Asian countries, Portugal has relied heavily on family support for the elderly, but this is less likely to occur in the future due to young people leaving their rural hometowns for urban jobs,” Regnier said. “So exploring ways for housing and services to assist the aging frail to become more independent is of paramount concern to families.”
A burden on public sector spending
Governments and policymakers often see only one alternative, he said, which is to build more nursing homes and hospitals.
“This is both impractical and an extraordinary burden on public sector spending,” Regnier said. “The world is on a collision course where aging demographics and current institutional building practices will eventually bankrupt many societies.”
In addition to producing books and scholarly articles, Regnier as a practicing architect has consulted on more than 400 building projects in 38 states, Canada, Germany and England. More than 50 of these projects have won design awards.
At USC Architecture and USC Davis, he teaches a seminar on purpose-built housing and community settings for the elderly. For the past 20 years, he also has taught graduate design studios and a unique and popular class (“Great Houses of Los Angeles”) that involves curatorial tours of 10 historically significant early to mid-20th century houses.
More stories about: Aging, Architecture, Awards, Faculty, Housing
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Understanding the brain structure of transgender people could help tailor care and support, says recent USC grad and neuroscientist Jonathan Vanhoecke.
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Latest sanctions on Iran will block 'billions' in assets: US
US President Donald Trump speaks before signing an executive order for sanctions on Iran's supreme leader; behind him is Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin (AFP Photo/MANDEL NGAN)
Washington (AFP) - The US sanctions slapped Monday on Iran's supreme leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei and other officials will block "literally billions" in Iranian assets, US Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin said.
The sanctions, which US President Donald Trump signed in an Oval Office appearance with Mnuchin, target eight top military commanders as well as Khamenei.
Iran's Foreign Minister Javad Zarif also will be blacklisted "later this week," Mnuchin said.
Some of the sanctions had been planned in advance, while others were added in retaliation for the downing last week of a US Global Hawk surveillance drone, according to Mnuchin.
Trump had considered a military strike after the drone was downed Thursday, then reversed himself minutes before it was to be carried out. He has said he changed his mind after learning that as many as 150 people could be killed.
Among those sanctioned Monday was Iranian Revolutionary Guard naval commander Ali Reza Tangsiri, who the US said had threatened in February to close the Strait of Hormuz, crucial to global oil trade.
Also blacklisted was Aerospace Force commander Amirali Hajizadeh, whom Washington blames for the downing of the drone. Iran says it was shot down after entering its air space, but the US insists it was in international airspace over the Strait of Hormuz.
The sanctions largely freeze their targets out of much of the global financial system, blocking them from US-dollar-denominated transactions and barring international banks from moving money on their behalf while also freezing any assets under US jurisdiction.
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Banks should licence members after royal commission
Julian Lorkin
Customers will still not be sure they are receiving independent financial advice unless the industry goes further than the royal commission's recommendations, says UNSW Business School Professor Jerry Parwada.
"We need to resolve the culture of impunity": Professor Jerry Parwada of UNSW Business School.
“The banks and other financial institutions should immediately adopt a ‘Royal College’ method of affiliation, with membership governed by a peer-based qualifications assessment and disciplinary mechanism,” suggests Professor Jerry Parwada from the UNSW Business School.
“Licensees and other key industry participants should get on the front foot with signing up to such a model after the banking royal commission, leaving Parliament with the job of formalising it through legislation.”
Professor Parwada makes the suggestion after the inquiry into Australia's scandal-plagued financial sector proposed sweeping changes in an attempt to end rampant industry misconduct.
He says the industry culture needs to change. “I get the impression the sense we have seen the elephant in the room – it is a sense of impunity, by the banks. They think they are untouchable.”
He notes the toxic culture of the industry, particularly a sales orientation the royal commission tries to redress.
“We need to resolve the culture of impunity. It is not a secret that the financial planning industry has a formidable sense of self-confidence about misconduct being part of ‘business as usual’ because of the tacit approval or inertia of policymakers to pass effective legislation about excesses.”
He adds that both the major political parties must remain entirely neutral when it comes to lobby interests in the financial services industry.
“This is critical to allowing for true professionalisation to take root in the financial advice industry without interference from politically powerful interest parties. Without such an undertaking, chances are that once the dust settles, the culture of impunity will set in again. We’ll then be back to square one, and we’ll have another royal commission a decade down the track.”
'Many highly intelligent investors and borrowers have no idea how to make sense of the vast amount of "information disclosure" they get about financial product and service providers.'
The banking royal commission spent 12 months investigating wrongdoing by some of the nation's biggest financial institutions. Much focus centred on customers who had been exploited – and some left financially ruined – by banks and industry advisers.
Because of this, he says, we need to educate the ‘end user’ about information they get – in other words the customer.
“Many highly intelligent investors and borrowers have no idea how to make sense of the vast amount of ‘information disclosure’ they get about financial product and service providers, but that’s critical to the effectiveness of any disclosure regime.”
Professor Parwada feels the royal commission doesn’t address tools to support financial advice customers about licensees, the state of advice providers, and how to even get really independent advice, as opposed to advice that is effectively a sales tactic.
“The effectiveness of the royal commission's recommendations depends on the ability of customers to understand and act upon information from the disclosure requirements, the receptiveness of the industry to a centralised disciplinary body, and ultimately the overall culture of the industry,” he says.
“How the industry and government deal with these three issues will determine whether the intentions of the report are realised in the long run.”
For further comment contact Professor Jerry Parwada on 0422 983 244 or j.parwada@unsw.edu.au.
UNSW Business School media
j.lorkin@unsw.edu.au
Banks given a decade of work to change their culture and governance
Industry and government can no longer dodge issues highlighted by banking royal commission
The question we are all asking: how will the royal commission report bring fairness to financial services?
New rating system would give consumers clear choice on financial advice
financial services royal commission
Jerry Parwada
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Xiaodong Zhang1, *, Yumei Yan1, #, Frank Tong2, #, Chun-Xia Li1, #, Benjamin Jones1, Silun Wang1, Yuguang Meng1, E. Chris Muly3, Doty Kempf1, Leonard Howell1, 3
1 Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30329
2 Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
3 Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
Publisher Id: TONIJ-12-30
Received Date: 14/9/2017
Revision Received Date: 10/02/2018
Collection year: 30/03/2018
Abstract HTML Views: 1273
ePub Downloads: 411
© 2018 Zhang et al.
open-access license: This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0), a copy of which is available at: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode. This license permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
# equal contribution.* Address correspondence to this authors at the Yerkes Imaging Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, 954 Gatewood Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30329, Fax: (404) 712-9807; Tel: (404) 712-9874, Email: xzhang8@emory.edu
Previous Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) studies have demonstrated the temporal evolution of stroke injury in grey matter and white matter can be characterized by DTI indices. However, it still remains not fully understood how the DTI indices of white matter are altered progressively during the hyperacute (first 6 hours) and acute stage of stroke (≤ 1 week). In the present study, DTI was employed to characterize the temporal evolution of infarction and white matter injury after stroke insult using a macaque model with permanent ischemic occlusion.
Methods and materials:
Permanent middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion was induced in rhesus monkeys (n=4, 10-21 years old). The brain lesion was examined longitudinally with DTI during the hyperacute phase (2-6 hours, n=4), 48 hours (n=4) and 96 hours (n=3) post-occlusion.
Cortical infarction was seen in all animals. The Mean Diffusivity (MD) in lesion regions decreased substantially at the first time point (2 hours post stroke) (35%, p <0.05, compared to the contralateral side) and became pseudo-normalized at 96 hours. In contrast, evident FA reduction was seen at 48 hours (39%, p <0.10) post-stroke. MD reduction in white matter bundles of the lesion area was much less than that in the grey matter during the hyper-acute phase but significant change was observed 4 hours (4.2%, p < 0.05) post stroke . Also, MD pseudonormalisation was seen at 96 hours post stroke. There was a significant correlation between the temporal changes of MD in white matter bundles and those in whole lesion areas during the entire study period. Meanwhile, no obvious fractional anisotropy (FA) changes were seen during the hyper-acute phase in either the entire infarct region or white matter bundles. Significant FA alteration was observed in entire lesion areas and injured white matter bundles 48 and 96 hours post stroke. The stroke lesion in grey matter and white matter was validated by pathological findings.
The temporal evolution of ischemic injury to the grey matter and white matter from 2 to 96 hours after stroke onset was characterized using a macaque model and DTI. Progressive MD changes in white matter bundles are seen from hyperacute phase to acute phase after permanent MCA occlusion and temporally correlated with the MD changes in entire infarction regions. MD reduction in white matter bundles is mild in comparison with that in the grey matter but significant and progressive, indicating it may be useful to detect early white matter degeneration after stroke.
Keywords: Stroke, Nonhuman primate, DTI, MCA occlusion, Infarct evolution, Ischemic injury.
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Rideauwood addictions workers ratify their first contract
Friday, March 9, 2018 - 7:15pm
Ottawa – Roughly 40 OPSEU members who provide addictions counselling and services at Rideauwood Addiction and Family Services have their first contract after voting to ratify the tentative agreement reached last week.
“We joined together in a union to make sure we have the working conditions we need to offer the best possible services, and that’s just what we’ve done,” said Wendy Brown, an addictions counsellor and the chair of OPSEU Local 454’s Rideauwood bargaining committee, which also includes Vanessa Robinson and Joseph Zacconi.
“I’m proud to be part of this incredible group of health professionals, and I’m proud of what we’re accomplishing together.”
The two-year agreement is retroactive to January 1, 2018, and expires March 31, 2020. In addition to wage increases, the OPSEU Local 454 members will receive a signing bonus of up to $1,000, and a collective agreement that gives them increased transparency, job security, and a formal grievance process.
The addictions workers, who voted to join OPSEU, provide services to nearly 2,500 children, teens, adults, and families across the Ottawa region.
“On behalf of the 150,000 members of this great union, I want to offer our congratulations to the members at Rideauwood,” says OPSEU President Warren (Smokey) Thomas. “It took a lot of courage, determination, and solidarity to get this contract – they deserve to feel very proud of what they’ve accomplished.
“By standing together for better working conditions, they haven’t just helped themselves. They’ve helped their families, their communities, and all of the people who depend on the quality of the services they provide.”
Wendy Brown: wendee123@hotmail.com
OPSEU President Warren (Smokey) Thomas: 613-329-1931
To front-line educational workers, have a safe and relaxing summer!
Children's aid workers in Ottawa demand province reverse cuts
Frontline workers at Community Living Cambridge to march for fair wages, accountability
ERFP and OPSEU: Together to Win
Legislated wage cuts a double whammy for contract college faculty
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getting along with unusual folk…two short chapter books
orangemarmaladebooks March 18, 2016 0 Comments
I do not like didactic literature, so when I say that today’s two chapter books hold a relevant message of tolerance, an urging of restraint from hating others out of fear, you can rest assured that it’s not a screamy message nor a manipulative message; not a spelled-out, tiresome message. It’s simply the flavor that a wise reader can extract from a well-told story, and surely it’s a sweetness that we need a lot more of today.
First up…
Snake and Lizard, by Joy Cowley, illustrated by Gavin Bishop
first published in New Zealand, 2007; first American edition 2008 by Kane Miller
Snake and Lizard are unlikely to be friends. Their very first encounter is an argument. A silly, boneheaded kind of argument over who is blocking whom on a sunny path in their desert home. An argument that descends quickly into uncouth remarks about personal appearances and big mouths.
When Snake finally chooses to give way to Lizard, though, and the anger drains out of Lizard like the air from a full-to-the-breaking-point balloon, and they agree to share the sun-pool, and they admit where each other were in the right…well, as Rick and Captain Renault would say, it looks like the beginning of a beautiful friendship.
Not a smooth-as-silk friendship. No, this is still a friendship between two prickly characters who get into tiffs regularly and have to work things out. Still, the point is that they do work things out, and we come to see the endearing sides of both of them. They do too, apparently, for they stick together through quite a variety of catastrophes and ticklish situations.
I thoroughly enjoyed the collection of short, amusing episodes in this book. At 85 pages long, it’s a great early chapter book for a stout reader or a snappy read-aloud in an unusual setting for ages 5 or 6 and up.
The whole book is really beautiful. Gavin Bishop’s watercolor illustrations are handsome and set a wonderful desert tone. Nothing sweetsy and cutesy about them. And just look at the end papers:
So gorgeous. Creamy paper. Great cover art. It’s a splendid little book from Kane Miller who import many, many titles from around the world for us — something I greatly appreciate!
Kenny & the Dragon, written and illustrated by Tony DiTerlizzi
published in 2008 by Simon & Schuster Books for Young Readers
In a clever riff on Kenneth Grahame’s classic dragon story, The Reluctant Dragon, master storyteller DiTerlizzi brings us this engaging, upbeat story of Kenny the Rabbit and his buddy Grahame, a most misunderstood dragon who hangs out on Shepard’s Hill. So just for starters, the allusions to that great piece of literature are a delight and may propel you to go back and read the original.
The town of Roundbrook is in an uproar over the recent sightings of a dragon — a dragon! — “one of them flying things that eats pretty maidens and burns castles to the ground.” Kenny’s dad and the rest of the townspeople are determined to get rid of that scourge before he “burns everything right to the ground.” The plan: hire the old, retired, dragon-slayer: George.
But Kenny is a curious fellow and hankers to see this creature before it’s destroyed. And of course, when he does, he discovers that Grahame is a genuine bibliophile, an gourmand, a harmless and gentle friend. Kenny’s task is to subdue the agitated mob of townspeople before they skewer the dragon out of fearful ignorance.
If this plot sounds faintly like something we should be reading just now in the U.S. …well.
Di Terlizzi’s sketchy pencil drawings give an air of warmth, and friendly good humor that match the tone of his narrative. It’s 150 pages, and perfect for reading aloud. Ages 5 and up.
Tagsbook reviews, chapter books, children's literature, dragons, friendship, kenneth grahame, tolerance
Women’s History Month…marching to our own heart-beats
love again, song again, nest again, young again…five because it’s spring again!
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Technology for your family
Wood stove sets
Extractor hoods
Cooktop extractors
Built-in oven combinations
Microwaves and steamers
Vacuuming and warming drawers
Fridges and fridge-freezers
ORANIER Heiztechnik GmbH
Oranier Straße 1 (ehm. Sechsheldener Straße 122)
35708 Haiger
Tel.: 0 27 71 / 2630-160
Fax: 0 27 71 / 2630-349
E-mail: info-heiztechnik(at)oranier.com
HRB 6919 District Court Wetzlar
VAT Identification -No.: DE 811686780
Monday to Thursday : 08:00 - 17:00
Lunchhour: 12:00 - 13:00
Dipl. Kfm. Nikolaus Fleischhacker
ORANIER Küchentechnik GmbH
E-mail: info-kuechentechnik(at)oranier.com
All images, illustrations, dimensional drawings and texts used in this medium (print or web) are copyright of the company ORANIER Heiztechnik, 35708 Haiger.
The use by third parties requires the written consent of the company ORANIER.
Colors, product surfaces and product textures cannot be displayed properly on the internet. Please note that the details of colors and surfaces can only be shown on the basis of original samples. Original samples can be viewed at our distribution partners.
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Only in exceptional cases the full IP address will be sent to a Google server in the US and shortened there. On behalf of the operator of this website, Google will use this information to evaluate your use of the website, to compile reports on website activity and to provide other services related to website activity and internet usage to the website operator. The IP address provided by Google Analytics as part of Google Analytics will not be merged with other Google information.
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To the extent that no other written agreement is made, sale, delivery, and payment shall be governed exclusively by these General Terms and Conditions. These General Terms and Conditions shall govern the entire business relationship entered into with Buyer, even if no specific reference is made to these Terms and Conditions in subsequent business dealings. They shall apply even if Buyer in its order or in a letter of confirmation makes reference to other terms and conditions, unless we have expressly agreed to such terms and conditions in writing. Deviating terms and conditions of purchase of Buyer are hereby expressly rejected. Conflicting terms and conditions of purchase of Buyer shall not be binding upon us even if we do not expressly reject them once more upon signing the contract. Our General Terms and Conditions are deemed accepted upon acceptance of our goods at the latest. Goods purchased for use within the domestic market (domestic customs territory) may not be exported, and goods purchased for the foreign market may not be used in the domestic market.
2. Offer and order
a) Any weights and dimensions given in offers, sample books, or in other printed matter shall be non-binding. Any offers shall always be subject to change without notice. Any orders will only be deemed accepted after they have been confirmed by us, irrespective of whether they have been placed with us directly by Buyer or by a representative. Order confirmations shall be binding even if submitted unsigned.
b) Calculations shall always be on the basis of our prices, discounts, and conditions as applicable on the date of delivery.
c) We reserve ownership of as well as intellectual property rights in any cost estimates, preliminary designs, drawings, and the like. Such documents may not be made accessible to third parties without our written permission.
3. Obligation to deliver and obligation to accept delivery
a) Delivery times agreed shall always be conditional on the correct and timely availability of supplies and raw materials. Our delivery times are approximate and non-binding. Delivery periods shall commence once all details regarding execution have been clarified. The delivery date shall be the shipment date. If shipment is delayed through no fault of our own, then the date of notification that the goods are ready for shipment is deemed the delivery date.
Even if a fixed delivery date has been agreed, we shall only be in default if a written reminder is submitted to us. Partial deliveries shall be permissible. If the delivery time is exceeded, Buyer shall be entitled to claim damages only after a reasonable grace period granted to us has expired without success. Such claims for damages shall be limited to 0.5 per cent for each full week of the delay, in total, however, to no more than 5 per cent of the value of that part of the overall delivery which cannot be used in a timely manner or in accordance with the contract on account of the delay. Unlimited damages may only be claimed in case of wilful misconduct or gross negligence on our part.
b) If disruptions in operations at our or our sub-suppliers’ premises, or events of force majeure, strikes, or other circumstances for which we are not responsible prevent a timely delivery, the delivery period shall be reasonably extended. If on account of such events or circumstances delivery becomes impossible, our obligation to deliver shall no longer apply, and claims for damages shall be excluded. If Buyer proves that due to the delay a subsequent performance is of no interest to it, Buyer may rescind the contract to the exclusion of further claims. If we are in default of delivery, Buyer may grant a reasonable grace period and rescind the contract once such grace period has expired without success.
For call orders with no specific delivery date we may demand a binding delivery date at the latest within 3 months of receipt of the order confirmation. If Buyer fails to comply with such demand within 3 weeks, we shall have the right to grant a grace period of 2 weeks, and to rescind the contract or deny delivery and claim damages upon expiry of such grace period.
c) If technical acceptance testing under special conditions has been agreed upon, Buyer shall, upon receipt of our notification that the goods are ready for acceptance, perform such acceptance testing at our premises without delay and at its own expense. If acceptance testing is not performed despite a reasonable grace period having been granted, we shall have the right to ship the goods or to store them at Buyer’s cost and risk. The goods will then be deemed accepted.
4. Shipment and passing of risk
In the absence of instructions to the contrary, we shall name the forwarding agent or the carrier. Shipping costs shall be borne by Buyer. Risk, including risk of attachment, passes to Buyer at the time the goods are handed over to the forwarding agent or the carrier, or, at the latest, when the goods leave our premises, even if free delivery has been agreed. If shipment is delayed for reasons for which Buyer is responsible, costs arising from the storage of the goods, at least, however, 0.7 per cent of the invoice amount per month shall be charged, beginning one month from the date of our notification that the goods are ready for shipment. This shall not affect the right to assert further claims arising from delayed acceptance. If for reasons for which Buyer is responsible shipment is delayed, risk shall pass to Buyer on the date on which the goods are placed at the disposal of Buyer. If for reasons for which we are not responsible shipment by the designated route/the designated means or to the designated place within the designated time period is not possible, we shall be entitled to make shipment by a different route/different means or to a different place; any additional costs resulting therefrom shall be borne by Buyer, who will be given the opportunity to comment beforehand. Minimum order value for free delivery: EUR 100.00 net. Transport insurance in the amount of EUR 5.90 per equipment delivery/per delivered item shall be charged.
5. Material defects
With regard to material defects, we shall be liable as follows:
a) All components or services where a material defect becomes apparent within the statutory period of limitation shall be repaired, replaced, or provided again free of charge, as we see fit, irrespective of the duration of operation, provided that the reason for the defect was already present at the time of the passing of risk.
b) Claims for material defects shall become time-barred after a period of two years. This provision shall not apply to the extent that the law pursuant to Sections 438 para. 1 No. 2 (“Bauwerke und Sachen für Bauwerke” (Buildings And Items For Buildings)), 479 para 1 (“Rückgriffsanspruch” (Right to Recourse)) and 634a para. 1 No. 2 (“Baumängel” (construction defects)) of the (German) “BGB” (Civil Code) stipulates longer time periods, as well as in cases of death, injury to body or health, or in case of intentional or grossly negligent breach of duty, and whenever a defect is fraudulently concealed. The statutory provisions governing the suspension of the expiration, tolling, and recommencement of the statute of limitations shall remain unaffected.
c) Buyer shall notify us of any defects in writing without delay.
d) If a notification of defect is submitted, payments may be withheld in an amount reasonably proportionate to the material defect found. Buyer may only withhold payments if the notification of defect is submitted to us in writing in good time and is justified beyond doubt. In the event of an unjustified notification of defect, we shall be entitled to demand reimbursement from Buyer of any expenses incurred by us.
e) We shall first be granted the opportunity of subsequent performance within an adequate period of time with staff from our own customer service organisation.
f) If subsequent performance fails, Buyer may, without prejudice to any claims for damages as stipulated under Item 7, rescind the contract or reduce the consideration.
g) No defect claims shall exist where only an immaterial deviation from the agreed quality is present, where the impairment of use is immaterial, where there is normal wear and tear, or for defects which have occurred after the passing of risk as a consequence of faulty or negligent handling, excessive use, unsuitable operating materials, or defective construction work, or for defects which are the result of special external factors not accounted for in the contract, as well as in the event of non-reproducible software faults. If Buyer or a third party makes inexpert changes or repairs, no defect claims shall exist for such changes or repairs or for the consequences thereof.
h) Claims for compensation on the part of Buyer for expenses incurred for the purpose of subsequent performance, including without limitation costs for transportation, travel, work, or materials, shall be excluded to the extent that such expenses increase because the delivered equipment has subsequently been moved to a place other than Buyer’s premises, unless moving the equipment was in keeping with its intended use.
i) Buyer’s right of recourse against us pursuant to Sec. 478 of the (German) Civil Code (Recourse of the Company) shall only exist to the extent that Buyer has not entered into an agreement with its customer which goes beyond the statutory defect claims. With regard to the scope of Buyer’s right to recourse against us under Sec. 478 para. 2 of the (German) Civil Code, Item 7 hereinbelow shall also apply accordingly.
j) In other respects, Item 7 (Other claims for damages) shall apply to claims for compensation. Further claims or claims other than those dealt with in this Item, made against us or our “Erfüllungsgehilfen” (i.e., persons employed by us to perform our obligations) by Buyer on the basis of a material defect, shall be excluded.
6. Industrial property rights, copyrights; Defects in title
a) Unless agreed otherwise, our obligation to effect delivery free from third-party industrial property rights and copyrights (hereinafter Intellectual Property Rights, IPRs) shall be limited to the country of the designated place of delivery. Should a third party raise justified claims against Buyer for infringement of IPRs through deliveries made by us and used in accordance with the contract, we shall be liable vis-à-vis Buyer within the period defined in Item 5 as follows: aa) We shall, at our option and at our cost, either obtain a right of use for the deliveries in question, amend such deliveries so as not to infringe the IPR, or replace them. Where this is not reasonably possible, Buyer may avail itself of its statutory right to rescind the contract or reduce the consideration.
ab) Our obligation to pay damages shall be governed by the provisions of Item 7.
ac) Our aforementioned obligations apply subject to Buyer informing us of any claims raised by third parties in writing without delay; an act of infringement shall not have been conceded, and any measures of defence and settlement negotiations shall be left to us. If Buyer ceases to use our delivery for reasons of mitigation of damages or for other important reasons, Buyer shall be obligated to point out to the third party that this does not constitute a concession of an IPR infringement.
b) Claims on the part of Buyer shall be excluded to the extent that it is itself responsible for the IPR infringement.
c) Claims on the part of Buyer are also excluded to the extent that the IPR infringement is caused by Buyer’s own specific requirements, or by a use not foreseeable to us, or by Buyer making changes to the delivery or using it in combination with products not supplied by us.
d) In other respects, Buyer’s claims provided for in Sub-item aa) shall be governed accordingly by the provisions of Item 5 in the event of an IPR infringement.
e) Where other defects in title are present, the provisions of Item 5 shall apply accordingly.
f) Further claims or claims other than those dealt with in this Item, made against us or our “Erfüllungsgehilfen” by Buyer on the basis of a defect in title, shall be excluded.
7. Impossibility and other claims for damages
a) To the extent that delivery is impossible, Buyer shall be entitled to claim damages, except where we are not responsible for the impossibility. However, damages shall be limited to 10 per cent of the value of that part of the delivery which cannot be put to its intended use on account of the impossibility. Such limitation of liability shall not apply where it is prohibited by law in cases of wilful intent or gross negligence or in cases of death or injury to body or health; this shall not entail a change in the burden of proof to the detriment of Buyer. Buyer’s right to rescind the contract remains unaffected.
b) Damage claims and claims for compensation of expenses (hereinafter Claims for Compensation) on the part of Buyer, including but not limited to claims on account of breach of obligations under the contract or tort, shall be excluded, regardless of the legal basis on which they are raised.
c) This shall not apply where a statutory liability exists, e.g., under product liability law, in cases of wilful intent or gross negligence or in cases of death, injury to body or health, or in cases of breach of material obligations under the contract. Claims for Compensation for breach of material obligations under the contract shall, however, be limited to foreseeable damage typical of the type of contract, except in cases of wilful intent or gross negligence, or in cases of death or injury to body or health, where a limitation of liability is prohibited by law. The above provisions shall not entail a change in the burden of proof to the detriment of Buyer.
d) Any Claims for Compensation Buyer may have under this provision shall become time-barred upon expiry of the period of limitation applicable to claims for material defects as per Item 5. With regard to Claims for Compensation under product liability law, the statutory periods of limitation shall apply.
a) Our invoices shall be payable in cash, without any deductions, within 30 days of the date on which they were issued.
b) The discount rate for early payment in cash can be seen from the offer and/or from the invoice.
c) The acceptance of accepted bills of exchange (drafts) shall be subject to our specific agreement. If payment is made by means of drafts, or if partial payments have been agreed, no discount will be granted. Bills of exchange, cheques, and agreements for partial payment will be accepted, but Buyer’s debt will not be cleared until actual receipt of the funds. Drafts must be domiciled at a Landeszentralbank. In all of the above cases, discount charges, bill charges, and costs shall be borne by Buyer.
d) If Buyer is in default of payment, we shall charge default interest in an amount of 8 per cent above the base rate of the European Central Bank. We reserve the right to assert further claims for damages.
e) If we receive information to the effect that Buyer’s financial situation is unsatisfactory, or if Buyer is in default of payment, we shall have the right to amend our conditions of payment for orders yet to be executed, or to rescind the purchase contract.
f) The contractor reserves the right to send invoices by mail or electronically by e-mail.
The supplied goods shall remain our property until payment is received in full.
a) All supplied goods remain our property (Goods Subject to Retention of Title) until all claims have been satisfied, including without limitation any balance claims we may still have under the business relationship. This applies also to claims which may arise in the future as well as to conditional claims, e.g., under accepted bills of exchange, and also when payment is made for specifically designated claims.
b) Our claims shall be incorporated into current accounts. Payments will always be offset against the oldest liabilities, even the debtor issues instructions to the contrary.
c) Goods Subject to Retention of Title may not be pledged or assigned by way of security. Buyer shall inform us without delay if the goods supplied by us become the subject of a compulsory enforcement procedure.
d) Buyer shall, at its own cost, obtain sufficient insurance cover for the supplied goods, in our favour, and in a way that will entitle us to collect the amount owed directly from the insurance carrier any time, or Buyer shall, at our request, assign the insurance claim to us.
e) Any treatment and processing of the Goods Subject to Retention of Title is deemed made for us as the manufacturer within the meaning of Sec. 950 of the (German) Civil Code and shall not entail liability on our part. The goods thus treated and processed are deemed Goods Subject to Retention of Title within the meaning of Item 10 a). Where Goods Subject to Retention of Title are processed or connected to or merged with other goods by Buyer, we shall obtain co-ownership in the new item proportionately to the invoice value of the Goods Subject to Retention of Title in relation to the invoice value of the other goods used. If our ownership ceases on account of the Goods Subject to Retention of Title being connected or merged, Buyer herewith assigns to us, with immediate effect, its ownership rights in the new product or item in an amount equivalent to the invoice value of the Goods Subject to Retention of Title and agrees to hold them for us free of charge. Our co-ownership rights are deemed Goods Subject to Retention of Title within the meaning of Item 10 f). Buyer shall have the right to re-sell the goods supplied within the scope of its normal business dealings; however, where a credit has been granted, Buyer shall retain title to the goods for our benefit and enter into a written agreement to that effect.
f) If Buyer re-sells the goods supplied by us – irrespective of their condition – then Buyer shall, upon entering into the contract, assign to us all claims to payment and return of the goods sold subject to retention of title to which it is entitled under the re-sale along with any ancillary rights, until our own claims arising from the supply of the goods have been satisfied in full. Buyer shall, at our request, submit to us at the end of each month a detailed inventory of the assigned claims, and hold for us in trust, separate from its other revenues, any monies received including bills of exchange and cheques from assigned claims, and make payment thereof to a special account for our free disposal. Expenses in connection with the collection of assigned claims shall be charged to Buyer.
g) If Buyer uses our goods to perform a work contract or a work performance contract, Buyer herewith assigns to us, with immediate effect, any claims under such contract in a scope equal to the scope of the claims arising from a re-sale.
h) If Buyer is in default of payment, we shall have the right to recover the goods. This shall not affect the right to claim performance of the purchase contract.
i) If the value of the collateral provided to us exceeds the value of the claims to be secured by more than 10 per cent, we shall be obligated to release the aforementioned collateral to that extent upon Buyer’s request, as we see fit.
10. Moulds and tools
a) To the extent that Buyer provides such items, they shall be submitted free of charge. They are deemed stored at Buyer’s risk, and we are under no obligation to obtain insurance cover for them. We are entitled to adapt moulds and tools which have been submitted to us to the extent that this seems necessary for technical reasons or in order to minimize risks, without prejudice to Buyer’s liability to submit only tools which are properly designed and manufactured for their intended use. Buyer shall bear any costs for maintenance, amendments, and replacements. We shall have the right to return to Buyer any time any moulds and tools which are not required. If we are unable to return such items and if Buyer fails to comply with our request to collect them, or if more than 3 years have elapsed since such items were last used, we shall have the right to destroy such moulds and tools. Any and all costs arising in connection with such items shall be borne by Buyer.
b) Moulds and tools made or acquired by us for the purpose of executing Buyer’s orders shall remain our property even if proportionate costs are charged to Buyer. Buyer may assert its copyright claims or industrial property right in such items vis-à-vis us only to the extent that it has pointed out to us that such claims exist and insofar as such rights have been expressly reserved. To the extent that Buyer provides drawings or other information for the moulds and tools to be manufactured or acquired by us, it shall be responsible for providing only documentation which is adequate for its intended use.
If any provision of these Terms and Conditions is found invalid or unenforceable this will not affect the validity of these Terms and Conditions as a whole. In that event, the parties hereto undertake to make every effort to replace the invalid provision by a valid, enforceable provision that will accomplish the purpose for which the parties intended it.
12. Place of performance, place of jurisdiction
The place of performance for deliveries shall be our factory, the place of performance for payments shall be Haiger. Any and all legal relations between ourselves and Buyer shall be governed by German law along with the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG) to the extent that it applies to our business relationship with Buyer. Any and all disputes, including but not limited to summary proceedings on bills of exchange or cheques, shall be settled by the competent court in Haiger having subject- matter jurisdiction, provided that Buyer is a “Vollkaufmann”,
i.e. a merchant subject to registration as defined in the German Commercial Code, a legal entity under public law, or a public special funds entity. We shall, however, also have the right to bring legal action at the competent court at Buyer’s principal place of business.
Status as of 01/2018
Tips, tricks, information and everything for your home's in the web.
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What is the motivation for introducing “ontological state” in 't Hooft's deterministic quantum mechanics
I tried to read Prof. 't Hooft's new paper The Cellular Automaton Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics A View on the Quantum Nature of our Universe, Compulsory or Impossible? and encountered difficulty about the motivation for introducing ontological states and cogwheel models.
Suppose quantum mechanics is deterministic, the probabilistic nature in the Born's rule must be an artifact. Namely the Born's rule somehow likes throwing a classical dice. The probability comes from our incomplete knowledge and limited computational power.
In another paper, How a wave function can collapse without violating Schroedinger's equation, and how to understand Born's rule, it is stated that
According to our ontological theory of quantum mechanics, the probabilities generated by Born’s rule, are to be interpreted exactly in the same terms. If we do not know the initial state with infinite accuracy then we won’t be able to predict the final state any better than that.
I am fine with all that. However, in the "The Cellular Automaton Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics", if I understood correctly, Prof. 't Hooft constructed a series cogwheel models to show these deterministic models exhibit Schrodinger equation.
My question is, what is the motivation for introducing ontological states and cogwheel model? Would the Schrodinger equation itself to be sufficient, since it is already deterministic anyway? If one wants to get rid of Bell's inequality, Schrodinger equation seems to be sufficient (Related post, Why was quantum mechanics regarded as a non-deterministic theory? ). And even tried to derive Born's rule?
If one feels the Schrodinger equation is insufficient, i.e. there is something behind it, why the object behind Schrodinger equation is so essential? I think I missed some important aspect in his paper... (Presumably I did not read it carefully enough)
quantum-mechanics determinism cellular-automaton
$\begingroup$ I gave an answer to a similar question a while ago (since migrated to Philosophy.SE) which you might find helpful. philosophy.stackexchange.com/q/6670 $\endgroup$ – Nathaniel Jun 12 '14 at 7:28
$\begingroup$ Thank you very much, though I am not sure whether it is helpful for understanding 't Hooft's approach... $\endgroup$ – user26143 Jun 12 '14 at 7:30
$\begingroup$ From reading a few of 't Hooft's papers a while ago, I got the impression his motivation was very similar to what I wrote. I guess the part I didn't answer was "would the Schrodinger equation itself to be sufficient, since it is already deterministic anyway?". If I get time I will try to formulate a good answer to that and post it. $\endgroup$ – Nathaniel Jun 12 '14 at 7:39
Thanks for the links, I will read through,
Ontological states are somehow "real" states of the underlying deterministic system, to be distinguished by quantum states which are a superset. Still a bit of unclarity for me here an ontological state can be a quantum state but the way round is not always true. I would start from the perspective that the underlying theory may have states in a totally different domain than the quantum theory, but you can argue that experimental results should match, and is easier if some states match. Therefore the most simple case is this one.
The standard approach was to do this starting from some microscopic hyphotesis (e.g. Bohm) and build it up from there. This was rejected as politically incorrect because it introduce hidden variables and ad hoc hyphothesis. Ideally this approach should be able to derive schrodinger, Bell and all the rest.
In this approach presented he is saying more or less, whatever theory/system is there below this system and theory will have states and transitions between states, that is why the cogweel models.
If the theory below is deterministic, fine, then there will be less states available for choice.
Therefore approaching it top down from the quantum perspective going down, the quantum world is somehow a continuos set of states plus a discrete set of them. Therefore is politically correct to state that may be we need to throw away some of them, such as two atoms at the opposite end of the solar system cannot really do strange swapping or tunnel effects between the two.
Therefore a reasonably generic theory of the below is in any case a shape of cogwheel theory, and as far as we can reasonably derive something for all these theories we can investigate further what is the mapping between the above and the below, and we can somehow derive what is a correct hyphotesis about the below.
There is a legitimate separate discussion for the entanglement part/Bell, that needs to be justified and expanded.
One example of the below is the hyphothesis of the discretization of time, we don't really experimentally know if time is discrete or not beyond a certain scale, and that he glance across.
As far as you have a brand new fundamental hyphothesis of the below (the time one is just one of many and has a couple of big names on it, but there is one per each armchair physicist on this planet), then you can try to achieve the next goal which is a non-lagrangian/non-perturbative theory of the below, from which ideally you want to derive the rest.
What is the rest for thoff is substantially what has not been achieved with strings and is a kind of back to basics for everybody.
There are a few people that can take these directions of research because of the "heretics" issue, susskind on last but one number of nature is another example.
flyredeagleflyredeagle
$\begingroup$ user @george.di commented : " very good answer flyredeagle!! " as an answer that was deleted because answers are not for comments. $\endgroup$ – anna v May 16 at 6:00
Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged quantum-mechanics determinism cellular-automaton or ask your own question.
Why was quantum mechanics regarded as a non-deterministic theory?
Deterministic quantum mechanics
Why do people categorically dismiss some simple quantum models?
In what sense is the path integral an independent formulation of Quantum Mechanics/Field Theory?
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What is the Philosophy Behind Relational Quantum Mechanics?
What are “interferences of higher order” in the context of Born rule and triple-slit diffraction?
What are the differences between a $\psi$-epistemic ontological model and a $\psi$-ontic model of quantum mechanics, exactly?
What exactly is the relationship between the algebraic formulation of Quantum Mechanics and the geometric formulation of Classical Mechanics?
Is Bohmian mechanics really incompatible with relativity?
Does Bohmian mechanics really solve the measurement problem?
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Yankees 12, Blue Jays 2: Hicks & Gary Power the Yanks
Posted on June 1, 2017 June 1, 2017 by JP HadleyIn Postgame1 Minute Read
After only taking one of three from a slumping Baltimore club, the Yankees roared into Toronto and dominated their way to a 12 to 2 victory over the Blue Jays.
Including tonight’s loss, the Jays are 8-2 in their last 10. The Yankees got to Blue Jays starter Marco Estrada early, with an Aaron Judge single and the first of three RBI doubles from Aaron Hicks. It was 4-0 before the Blue Jays really could blink an eye.
The main storyline then shifts to Gary Sánchez. As soon as people questioned his power abilities, the player known as El Kraken drilled two home runs to basically the same spot in the second deck in left field. Per Statcast, they traveled 440 and 434 feet, respectively. Sánchez became the sixth player in MLB history with 4 multi-homer games in first 82 career games.
Despite a solo home run hit by Kendrys Morales, CC Sabathia turned in another fantastic start. Through 6⅓ innings, the lefty scattered seven hits, walked none and struck out seven batters. This was his first start of the year with no walks. Chad Green pitched the remaining 2⅔ innings, allowing a solo homer to Ezequiel Carrera but nothing more.
Aaron Hicks turned in a career high six RBI on three doubles and a single. Chase Headley also put together a promising night, driving in two runners on separate RBI singles. Every starter in the lineup besides Starlin Castro and Chris Carter recorded a hit.
Greg Bird reached base all three times in his six inning rehab stint for the Class-A Advanced Tampa Yankees. He recorded two walks and a single. He also made an error in the field at first base. Tampa lost to the Charlotte Stone Crabs (Tampa Bay Rays) by a 6-4 score.
Tyler Austin continued his hot-hitting rehab stint, now at Triple-A Scranton/Wilkes-Barre. Though the RailRiders lost to the Columbus Knights (Chicago White Sox) by a 6-3 score, Austin collected three hits, including the first home run of his rehab. The 25-year-old now sports an impressive .389/.450/.639 slash line.
Tags: Aaron Hicks, CC Sabathia, Chad Green, Chase Headley, Chris Carter, Gary Sánchez, Greg Bird, Starlin Castro, Tyler Austin
← Game 51: North of the Border
Yankees 5, Blue Jays 7: Comeback Falls Just Short →
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AMERICAN RED CROSS: Robin Ireland honored for rescuing woman from attacker in Morton Park
Rich Harbert rharbert@wickedlocal.com @richharbertOCM
Apr 16, 2017 at 11:00 AM Dec 19, 2017 at 4:15 PM
The American Red Cross recognized Robin Ireland as a lifesaving hero last week for rescuing a woman from an attacker in Morton Park last summer.
PLYMOUTH – Last summer, he picked up a stick and put himself between a jogger and man trying to kill her with a pair of pruning shears.
Last week, the American Red Cross put a medal around his neck, formalizing what those who remember already know – that Robin Ireland is a life saving hero.
Ireland, a life guard supervisor for the town, was jogging through Morton Park while on a work break last July, when he heard a woman screaming for help.
A man armed with pruning shears had dragged the female jogger into a secluded section of woods and had stabbed and sexually assaulted her.
Armed with only a stick, Ireland fended off the attacker long enough for them both to escape. He was later able to direct police to the area, where the assailant was last seen. The man apprehended by police and is currently being held awaiting trial.
Ireland was one of 21 individuals and groups recognized during the Cape and Islands chapter of the American Red Cross’ 15th annual heroes breakfast last Friday in Hyannis.
Police Chief Michael Botieri nominated Ireland for the award.
Hilary Greene, executive director of the Red Cross chapter, said gasps could be heard as a presenter detailed Ireland’s heroics.
“It was just amazing. He beat the guy off with a stick and saved her life,” Greene said. “He wasn’t someone trained for this. He was not a first responder, but there he was, putting his life at risk for a stranger.”
Greene said Ireland shares a trait common among most heroes. Like most people recognized for saving lives, Ireland humbly insisted he only did what anyone else would have done. “They’re so wrong, and we let them know it. These people are amazing,’ Greene said.
She noted that Ireland not only saved the woman’s life, but helped police to track down her attacker.
“People were awed by what he did. His story really stuck with people. There were gasps when his story was read,” Greene said.
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Jussie Smollett Arrested by Chicago Police Over Allegedly Lying About Attack
By Libby Birk - February 22, 2019 03:03 pm EST
Jussie Smollett was arrested and taken into police custody, a Chicago Police Department spokesman said early Thursday morning.
Press Briefing: Jussie Smollet is under arrest and in custody of detectives. At 9am at #ChicagoPolice Headquarters, Supt Eddie Johnson, Commander of Area Central Detectives Edward Wodnicki will brief reporters on the investigation prior to the defendants appearance in court. pic.twitter.com/9PSv8Ojec2
— Anthony Guglielmi (@AJGuglielmi) February 21, 2019
"Jussie Smollet is under arrest and in custody of detectives," spokesman Anthony Guglielmi tweeted just before 6:30 a.m. ET. He added that more information will be released before Smollett's scheduled hearing in court Thursday afternoon.
Wednesday evening, federal charges were filed against the Empire star for disorderly conduct/filing a false police report after evidence surfaced that he may have played a role in the possibly orchestrated alleged attack against him in January.
Attorneys for Smollett said they will "mount an aggressive defense" for the actor, who allegedly filed the initial police report claiming he was the victim of a hate crime in Chicago on Jan. 29. He claimed he was assaulted by two men, including one who was masked. The men allegedly yelled racist and homophobic slurs at him, tied a rope around his neck and poured an unknown chemical substance on him.
Initially, police said they were treating the alleged attack against the black and openly gay actor as a hate crime. But in the weeks that followed, they said the scope of the investigation "shifted," transforming Smollett from a victim to a suspect.
Under Illinois law, filing a false police report is disorderly conduct and punishable by one to three years in jail. His bail hearing is scheduled for 1:30 p.m. local time Thursday.
Smollett has denied playing a role in the attack.
"Like any other citizen, Mr. Smollett enjoys the presumption of innocence, particularly when there has been an investigation like this one where information, both true and false, has been repeatedly leaked," his attorneys said in a statement after the Cook County District Attorney's Office approved a felony criminal charge against him Thursday.
"Given these circumstances, we intend to conduct a thorough investigation and to mount an aggressive defense."
Authorities arrested and questioned brothers Abel and Ola Osundairo last week, but quickly released them without filing charges upon discovery of "new evidence." The brothers reportedly claimed that Smollett paid them $3,5000 to stage the attack. One of the brothers worked with Smollett as an extra on the set of Empire. Security footage appeared to show them with Smollett in the elevator of his apartment building shortly before the alleged attack.
The charges against Smollett came after the Osundairo brothers testified before a grand jury in Chicago.
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Beth Chapman Memorial: Duane 'Dog' Chapman Battles Back Tears in Energetic Speech
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April 25, 2019 April 25, 2019 Mr. Wapojif
Great TV Shows That Never Were: Game of Scones
Play the game well, scones.
The last series of Game of Thrones is upon us, but never fear! There’s a prequel we’ve thought up that’s well and truly on the way: Game of Scones.
It’s imperative you say scone correctly to be a true fan of this show. “Scon” is not acceptable. “Sco-wwwn” is the correct approach to take. Anyone plumping for the former is noobie scum and must be told so across vitriolic online forums.
Game of Scones
Set in the fictional world of Scone, the land is ruled over by the wealthy Self-Raising Flour family. It owns 80% of the scones available to sconekind and rules with an iron scone.
The capricious Baking Powder family is at constant loggerheads with the Self-Raising Flours. The former wants more scones! The latter wants them to have fewer.
Over the centuries, wars are waged and fought. But now, King Self-Raising Flour (Arnold Schwarzenegger) wants ownership of 90% of the scones so he can build a nice big mansion next to his other nice big mansion.
In heroic defiance, the Baking Powders unite with the Caster Sugar and Pinch Of Salt families to form an army of 5,000 to take on the Self-Raising Flour battalion of one million.
Undeterred by such a colossal disadvantage, they are deterred by the arrival of devious Machiavellian sort Unsalted Butter (Steven Seagal). He attempts to sway them away from their preference for jam on scones, suggesting houmous or guacamole instead.
As conflict erupts and the world of Scone descends into mayhem, who will survive in this brutal world of cake-like delicious baked goods?
Best Episcones
The show’s fans will dub the episodes “episcones” and will eat nothing but scones during its one and only series.
It’s subsequently cancelled due to appalling viewing figures. Also, there are criticisms for the use of former ’80s action stars in the cast (Dolph Lundgren, Sylvester Stallone, Chuck Norris, Bob Geldof etc.) instead of “proper” actors.
Regardless, here are some of the highlights from this commercial disaster of a series:
The Keystone of Scone: Brave young Baking Powder son Powdy (Mark Wahlberg) heads into the wilderness of Mould to find the ancient keystone that’ll unlock the passage to the Oven District where the very best baking takes place. Upon arrival, Powdy is treated as a God by the flour covered natives (The Flourers). They stab him in the eye with a ladle, chop him up into little bits, and add his bits into the scone mix.
Mowing the Lawn: King Self-Raising Flour decides to have a relaxing mow of his mansion’s lawn, enjoying the sunshine and sense of solitude. Unfortunately, he loses control of the vehicle and smashes through the peasant district, slaying many innocents in the process. Oops!
Scone Moan: Being a Game of Thrones knock off demands some sort of titillation. And this episode is an hour-long orgy. It’s voted the worst television episode in history.
Bake Off To The Death: In an emotional and heated series finale, all of the world’s families bake scones furiously in a mass competition. Unsalted Butter than taste tests them one by one, with the victor coming out alive – everyone else is beheaded by a giant spatula.
Previous Dances With Wolves: Epic With a Prominent Costner Moustache
Next Touch Typing: How to Type Like a Bolt of Lightning
House of Heart says:
Lol! Sooo funny! love it
Scones are no laughing matter, my good Lady. Donut you flourget that.
Scones, yum….they’re all behind me now.
I had no idea what “scones” were until I read this post, and now I want some!
I love that. Welcome to the world of scone! Introduce it to your friends and family. Go full scone. Go forth and scone.
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All-----TitleAuthor(s)AbstractSubjectKeywordAll FieldsFull Text-----About
The Annals of Probability
Ann. Probab.
Volume 40, Number 1 (2012), 162-212.
Quasilimiting behavior for one-dimensional diffusions with killing
Martin Kolb and David Steinsaltz
More by Martin Kolb
More by David Steinsaltz
Full-text: Open access
Enhanced PDF (458 KB)
Article info and citation
This paper extends and clarifies results of Steinsaltz and Evans [Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 359 (2007) 1285–1234], which found conditions for convergence of a killed one-dimensional diffusion conditioned on survival, to a quasistationary distribution whose density is given by the principal eigenfunction of the generator. Under the assumption that the limit of the killing at infinity differs from the principal eigenvalue we prove that convergence to quasistationarity occurs if and only if the principal eigenfunction is integrable. When the killing at ∞ is larger than the principal eigenvalue, then the eigenfunction is always integrable. When the killing at ∞ is smaller, the eigenfunction is integrable only when the unkilled process is recurrent; otherwise, the process conditioned on survival converges to 0 density on any bounded interval.
Ann. Probab., Volume 40, Number 1 (2012), 162-212.
First available in Project Euclid: 3 January 2012
Permanent link to this document
https://projecteuclid.org/euclid.aop/1325605001
Digital Object Identifier
doi:10.1214/10-AOP623
Mathematical Reviews number (MathSciNet)
MR2917771
Zentralblatt MATH identifier
Primary: 60J60: Diffusion processes [See also 58J65] 60J70: Applications of Brownian motions and diffusion theory (population genetics, absorption problems, etc.) [See also 92Dxx]
Secondary: 60J35: Transition functions, generators and resolvents [See also 47D03, 47D07] 47E05: Ordinary differential operators [See also 34Bxx, 34Lxx] (should also be assigned at least one other classification number in section 47) 47F05: Partial differential operators [See also 35Pxx, 58Jxx] (should also be assigned at least one other classification number in section 47)
Killed one-dimensional diffusions quasi-limiting distributions
Kolb, Martin; Steinsaltz, David. Quasilimiting behavior for one-dimensional diffusions with killing. Ann. Probab. 40 (2012), no. 1, 162--212. doi:10.1214/10-AOP623. https://projecteuclid.org/euclid.aop/1325605001
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Classification of killed one-dimensional diffusions
Martínez, Servet and San Martín, Jaime, The Annals of Probability, 2004
Spectral theory for symmetric one-dimensional Lévy processes killed upon hitting the origin
Kwaśnicki, Mateusz, Electronic Journal of Probability, 2012
Conditional survival distributions of Brownian trajectories in a one dimensional Poissonian environment in the critical case
Kolb, Martin and Savov, Mladen, Electronic Journal of Probability, 2017
Existence and uniqueness of a quasistationary distribution for Markov processes with fast return from infinity
Martínez, Servet, San Martín, Jaime, and Villemonais, Denis, Journal of Applied Probability, 2014
Boundary Harnack principle for the absolute value of a one-dimensional subordinate Brownian motion killed at 0
Wagner, Vanja, Electronic Communications in Probability, 2016
Transience, recurrence and speed of diffusions with a non-Markovian two-phase “use it or lose it” drift
Pinsky, Ross G., Annales de l'Institut Henri Poincaré, Probabilités et Statistiques, 2014
Theoretical properties of quasi-stationary Monte Carlo methods
Wang, Andi Q., Kolb, Martin, Roberts, Gareth O., and Steinsaltz, David, The Annals of Applied Probability, 2019
The Second Lowest Extremal Invariant Measure of the Contact Process II
Salzano, Marcia and Schonmann, Roberto H., The Annals of Probability, 1999
Mesoscopic eigenvalue statistics of Wigner matrices
He, Yukun and Knowles, Antti, The Annals of Applied Probability, 2017
Some positive eigenfunctions for elliptic operators with oblique derivative boundary conditions and consequences for the stationary densities of reflected Brownian motions
Williams, Ruth J., , 1986
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MCA Case Study and Conclusions of Course
Financing Infrastructure in African Cities
United Cities and Local Governments of Africa
The world is urbanizing fast. In less than a century more than 1 billion people have been urbanized. That translates into the fact that more than half of the world’s population is already living in cities. Experts forecast that very soon Africa will become one of the most urbanized continents. However, almost 70% of world’s urban population is living in the cities where governments are struggling to provide basic services like sanitation, schools, hospitals, and adequate clean water. The reason is that, their governments do not have enough money. This may also be true also for the city where you live or work. Poor infrastructure affects your daily life. Local governments struggle with mobilizing finances so that they can improve your quality of life but many times they are not aware of the right mechanisms. Imagine that your government wants to know how can they finance cities and they want you to advise – where will you begin with? Our finance experts are bringing their experience right at your Desk through this MOOC. This MOOC has five modules and in five weeks you will learn: • Financial decision making environment in urban systems • Mechanisms for mobilizing local revenues • Innovative mechanisms for financing infrastructure projects through partnerships, and • Financial decision making under uncertainties and risks We will provide you a carefully selected set of literature, quizzes and interactive discussion forums. So join our MOOC and find out the ways to make your city a better place to live in for yourself and for your next generations. (This MOOC was developed in collaboration with the United Cities and Local Governments of Africa (UCLG-Africa), African Local Governments Academy (ALGA), and Erasmus University Rotterdam)
Financial Decision Making for Municipal Governments
MCA Case Study and Conclusions of Course11:34
Somesh Sharma
Expert, Environment and Sustainable Development Planning
Jaap Spronk
Professor of Financial Management Science
Meine Pieter van Dijk
Professor of Urban Management in Emerging Economies
Bernadette Ssanyu
Visiting Lecturer
Welcome to the last session of this week, the last session of this course actually.
In this module, we have learned about decision making.
We now know how to follow sequential steps in the process,
identify alternatives based on impact analysis,
assess risks involved, apply available decision making methods.
In this session as promised, we're going to discuss the application of
a multicriteria analysis, the MCA, in the decision making process on
a case study project, the Bus Rapid Transit, BRT, for Kampala.
It's not a project that I personally worked on, but
it's a simple enough case study that we can work through together.
For this, we need to set a bit of context, though.
Kampala, like many African cities, is urbanizing quite rapidly.
This comes with a number of challenges, including increase in slums and
the number of people that live there, pollution, and most of all, congestion.
The BRT was proposed to solve the Greater Kampala Metropolitan Area,
which is comprised of municipalities that neighbor the capital.
These include Entebbe, Wakiso, Kira, Mukono, Nansana, and part of Wakiso and
Mukono districts, that are located between these municipalities.
Consultants were hired to conduct baseline surveys,
prepare a concept for the BRT, draft a service plan,
preliminary designs, report on choices,
report on legal and institutional aspects,
prepare a consultation and a communication plan,
and propose a pilot corridor for the BRT.
Remember Professor discussion on options in the video on risk analysis?
Yeah, note that the terms of reference already contain the option for
a pilot corridor.
Is this in anticipation of the variables that might impede the implementation of
the project as a whole?
The leading principles in the consultants' approach to this project were one,
to develop an attractive public transport system that satisfies
the transport needs of the Greater Kampala.
And two, to ensure financial sustainability for
the operation with affordable fares and minimum subsidies.
It is important to note the number of variables that must be considered
in this decision making process.
As a project becomes better articulated, the number of individual stakeholders and
stakeholder groups increases, each with their own power, and sometimes,
influence levels.
Inevitably, the number of variables also increases.
Now we shall look at the multicriteria approach that was used to
determine the choice of an extension to complete the pilot scheme.
At that point, the consultants team had already taken a number of decisions,
and they probably had used a big number of methods.
But it is against this background that
the extension to the pilot scheme was being met.
The decisions that were already in place include one,
that to decongest the city, a BRT will be introduced.
Two, there were design issues.
It will be high-speed, it will high-capacity.
The flows will be low.
The platforms will be low.
They will be on the side.
Ticketing, control, integration with the existing modes, and
other things had already been decided upon.
Then there's a BRT network.
Nine traffic corridors had been proposed in their pre-feasibility study.
Eight were found viable, and one new was proposed.
A conversion of those corridors to lines was also done
because there is no bus that was going to terminate in the city.
All of them had to go through transit.
Then the pilot corridor had been selected and confirmed.
This pilot corridor, there were three lines that had been proposed, and
these had involved a stakeholder consultation.
So to start off the decision making process about the extensions this time,
a set of five options had been developed.
The options included option 1, Bombo Road and Jinja Road extensions.
Option 2, Entebbe Road extension.
Option 3, Road extension.
Option 4, extension at all the radial connections.
Option 5 was Masaka Road extension.
For choosing out of these five options,
the multicriteria analysis approach was applied.
As you can see on the screen, a set of 13 criteria was developed.
These criteria helped in evaluating suitability of the pilot option from
the point of view of the geographical, technical, and financial advantages.
But it also was designed to compare social and environmental impacts,
political and public acceptability of each option.
Each criteria was properly defined and
described to ensure that the assessors fully understood what it means.
The options were entered in one column for
options in an Excel sheet, and then the evaluation criteria in a row,
something similar to what you have on your screen right now.
Each evaluation criteria was applied to each extension proposal,
so criteria against option.
And simple values, negative, 0, plus, plus plus,
were assigned to denote the criteria's performance, or
rather the option's performance against that criteria.
This is what was used in this particular case.
However, you could opt to use numerical values, 1, 2, 3.
Maybe 1 is low and 3 is high, and that would make it easier for you to aggregate.
The values were aggregated, and in this case,
the choice of implementation of a core corridor
with an extension to Entebbe Road emerged as a preferred option.
That was our option 2.
This choice was justified with a number of reasons.
All of them were derived from the multicriteria analysis.
We have now elaborated how we can use the MCA, and
I hope you can try it out on your projects to make better informed decisions.
But a warning.
You have to remember not to use these reports to support
decisions that have already been made.
This was a warning sounded by Professor in one of her earlier sessions.
And there we have come to the end of these lecture sessions for this course.
As an overview, we'll look at the four modules.
In module one, we discussed
the institutional set.
We discussed the institutional setup
that explains the enabling conditions within the local governments.
You're free to take a look at your own and figure out,
are they free to take their own decisions?
Can they own their own decisions?
Number two, we looked at how to finance your daily routine expenditures.
How to generate income from your own resources
within the city, and where to get money when you do not have enough
resources within the city to finance your current expenditures.
And then in week three, we also looked at the possibilities
of financing capital infrastructure in the city.
We focused on public-private partnerships,
which is a very popular and successful mechanism.
But we also saw that it is not simple to implement.
You need to know how to form these PPPs, look at the provisions,
look at the implications, and the possible arrangements.
In session four, we have just discussed how to make decisions.
The circumstances and the tools that help you form your decision.
We have elaborated on how to use a multicriteria analysis in a real
life urban infrastructure project, because no one knows the future.
In this method, we select an option that we think is best.
We still do not know the future.
But at least we can try to visualize how the future should look like and
pick out an option that we think will make the future better.
And having gone through these four elements,
I am sure that you are in a position now to test yourself in the capstone course.
And that is what is up for next week.
In this capstone project, which is a peer-reviewed individual
assignment, 60% of your grade comes out of that.
But more than that, it will encourage you to apply this to your career,
apply this to your daily decision making situations at your place of work.
In delivering this course, we intend for this information to get into the hands
of the people who are involved in making decisions in the city.
I think it is of tremendous benefit to my country,
to our Africa, and to other nations in transition.
It has been an absolute pleasure sharing this learning experience with you,
and I wish you good luck with your capstone course.
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Parker, John R. Jr.
Parker, John R. Jr. - Sacramento, CA
401 Watt AvenueSuite 100Sacramento, CA 95864
Cutter Law P.C.
Sacramento Class action lawsuits Lawyer
John R. Parker Jr., who generally goes by his initials, "J.R.," aggressively and successfully prosecutes complex civil litigation from investigation through settlement or trial, in state and federal courts and on appeal.
J.R. has been recognized as a Northern California Super Lawyer "Rising Star" several times, an acknowledgement received by only 2.5 percent of California's qualifying attorneys.
J.R.'s practice includes class action lawsuits, False...
J.R.'s practice includes class action lawsuits, False Claims Act cases, Medi-Cal and Medicare fraud, consumer fraud, defective products and drugs, insurance bad faith, personal injury, medical malpractice, employment claims, civil rights, toxic tort and environmental cases.
J.R. has pursued cutting-edge consumer class actions against well-known companies in the tech industry, including Facebook, Apple, and Zynga. State and federal courts have appointed J.R. Parker as lead counsel in multiple class action cases in California and across the country.
J.R. understands the human impact of personal or economic injuries caused by the carelessness, negligence or willful intent of others. An injury to one is an injury to all, and J.R. is committed to representing ordinary people who lack the resources of the multinational corporations and insurance companies that he holds accountable in his cases.
False Claims Act cases
Medi-Cal and Medicare fraud
Defective products and drugs
Employment claims
Environmental cases
Public Justice
American Association for Justice
Consumer Attorneys of California
Sacramento Trial Lawyers
Harvard Law School, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 2002
Law Journal: Harvard Journal of Law & Public Policy, Deputy Editor-in-Chief
University of Georgia, 1999
A.B.
Honors: summa cum laude
Honors: Phi Beta Kappa, Classics Prize
Major: Greek
Major: Latin
Pro Bono Activities
Volunteer mediator for Eastern District of California Alternative Dispute Resolution Program
Appointed counsel for the Eastern District of California’s pro bono program
Other Sources of Feedback About John R. Parker Jr.
Included on the 2016Northern California list
Past Lists
2014Northern California Super Lawyers list
View the profile for John R. Parker Jr. on Super Lawyers
Northern California Super Lawyers “Rising Star”, 2013 - 2014
Northern California Super Lawyers “Rising Star”, 2016 - Present
http://www.metalhipimplantlawyer.com/about-us/
www.metalhipimplantlawyer.com/about-us/
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positive celebrity May 10, 2019
Ed Sheeran & Justin Bieber, “I Don’t Care!”
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Belsomra: A First Look
Sleep medicine's newest addition has a novel mechanism and an undecided future.
Zac Haughn, Senior Associate Editor
In the early 2000s, investment analysts anticipated a boom in the insomnia drug market.1 Indiplon and ramelteon (Rozerem) were on the verge of release, and Sepracor was testing eszopiclone, a nonbenzodiazepine hypnotic agent that a glowing “luna moth” would introduce to the public as Lunesta in one of the most memorable pharmaceutical ad campaigns in recent history.
Despite Lunesta’s success and Rozerem’s approval, the anticipated boom was barely audible. Indiplon fizzled out and the FDA made more sleep medicine headlines for rolling back dosing than rolling out approvals. All of which makes their recent approval of suvorexant (Belsomra) more intriguing: the oral drug is a substantially different product.
New to pharmacy shelves in early 2015, Belsomra is indicated for the treatment of insomnia characterized by difficulties with sleep onset and/or sleep maintenance in four different strengths: 5, 10, 15, and 20 milligrams; it is contraindicated in patients with narcolepsy. Its novel mechanism is clear, but where it fits in is less so.
Belsomra is an orexin receptor antagonist, making it the first approved drug of its type. Pharmacological approaches to the treatment of insomnia have previously included GABA-A receptor agonists (for example, the benzodiazepine temazepam and the non-benzodiazepine zolpidem), melatonin receptor agonists (ramelteon), and histamine H1 receptor antagonists (doxepin).2 The discovery that orexin was involved with sleep was prompted by studies of narcolepsy; it is estimated 90 percent of people with narcolepsy are orexin-deficient.3
The orexin peptides A and B bind selectively to the orexin 1 receptor (OX1R) and orexin 2 receptor (OX2R), and drugs that bind to both OX1R and OX2R are referred to as dual orexin receptor antagonists (DORAs).2
“It works like nothing before it, by antagonizing the hypocretin neurotransmitter system, which has the function of promoting altertness,” said Erik K. St. Louis, MD, Head of Sleep Neurology at the Mayo Clinic and Foundation and Associate Professor of Neurology at the Mayo Clinic College of Medicine. “Belsomra therefore works against alertness so it promotes sleep by that novel mechanism. No previously marketed drug has done this.”
The FDA considered Belsomra effective after it was studied in three clinical trials involving more than 500 participants. In the studies, patients taking the drug fell asleep faster and spent less time awake during the remainder of the night compared to people taking placebo.4 The Agency noted Belsomra was not compared to other drugs approved to treat insomnia, so it is unknown if there are differences in safety or effectiveness between Belsomra and other insomnia medications.
The trials included two similarly designed, three-month, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group studies. Researchers examined Belsomra 20 and 40mg in patients in non-elderly adults (age < 65 years) and 15 and 30mg in elderly patients (age ≥ 65 years).2 Belsomra was superior to placebo for sleep latency as assessed both objectively by polysomnography and subjectively by patient-estimated sleep latency; it was also superior to placebo for sleep maintenance, as assessed both objectively by polysomnography and subjectively by patient-estimated total sleep time.5
In the third study, a one-month crossover, Belsomra 10mg and 20mg were superior to placebo for sleep latency and sleep maintenance in non-elderly adults, as assessed objectively by polysomnography.
In clinical trials of patients with insomnia treated with Belsomra 15mg or 20mg, the most common adverse reaction (reported in 5 percent or more of patients treated with Belsomra and at least twice the placebo rate) was somnolence (Belsomra 7 percent; placebo 3 percent).5
At doses of 15 or 20mg, the incidence of somnolence was higher in females (8 percent) than in males (3 percent). Data from two studies showed several adverse reactions occurred in women at an incidence of at least twice that in men: headache, abnormal dreams, dry mouth, cough, and upper respiratory tract infection. Further, there is evidence of a dose relationship for many of the adverse reactions, particularly for certain CNS reactions.
A Cautious FDA
Many in the sleep community expected Belsomra to receive FDA approval in the summer of 2013, and perhaps, at a different dose.
Merck’s initial proposal to market up to 40mg was scuttled over concerns of next-day somnolence, including how those effects impacted driving ability. Studies showed impaired ability on next-morning driving performance 9 hours after dosing, and patients using the 20mg strength should be cautioned against next-day driving or activities requiring full mental alertness.5
The issues also came during a time the Agency heightened their focus on the next morning impairment of the so-called “z drugs” (Ambien, Sonata, etc.) and lowered dosing recommendations. Data from clinical trials and driving simulation studies prompted the FDA “to better characterize the risk of driving impairment caused by specific blood levels of zolpidem and to recognize the increased risk of driving-impairing blood levels of zolpidem in women.”6 In May of 2014, the Agency also decreased the recommended starting dose of Lunesta to 1mg at bedtime. A study of Lunesta found that the previously recommended dose of 3mg can cause impairment to driving skills, memory, and coordination that can last more than 11 hours after receiving an evening dose.7
“The FDA is, I think, rather nervous about a new sleep drug, given the recent reports of residual drowsiness in women on zolpidem, and possibly some other areas such as mood disorders and memory problems linked to some sleep drugs,” said Carl Bazil, MD, PhD, Director of Division of Epilepsy and Sleep and Caitlin Tynan Doyle Professor of Neurology at Columbia. “I have questions about the latter, but I think that’s why the FDA is being more cautious about warnings, not necessarily that this is a more powerful, or dangerous, drug.”
The final rule, of course, is with the FDA: officials at an advisory committee meeting in May 2013 said there was little evidence to show Belsomra was more effective at higher doses and considerable evidence to show it was less safe.8
Where It Fits
At a presentation at the Barclays Global Healthcare Conference, CFO Rob Davis said Belsomra has surpassed 1,000 weekly prescriptions since its Feb. 5 launch in the US. The product is currently rolling out in Japan, which puts Belsomra’s potential market at some 2 billion doses per year, combined. “Obviously,” noted Tracy Staton from Fierce PharmaMarketing, “Belsomra has a long way to go.”9
“Its mechanism is probably the most intriguing point,” Dr. St. Louis said. “I will be interested to determine if it may be a drug of choice for patients who have previously experienced amnestic NREM parasomnias, i.e., sleep walking or sleep eating,” he said. “On the other hand, in some patients who also have hypersomnia symptoms, there may be a concern of possible adverse effect/reaction of precipitating cataplexy if the patient has previously undiagnosed narcolepsy, so there is a note of caution to perhaps be cautious with its use in that subset of patients—i.e., insomnia with concurrent hypersomnia.”
Although the studies do show it promotes sleep, Dr. Bazil said he is taking a wait-and-see approach because of the lack of head-to-head studies against existing drugs like Ambien. “I suspect it will initially be used where existing treatments don’t work or have problems; as we get more real world experience it may become more popular.”
Merck noted in a presentation that 30 percent of patients thus far are “continuous treaters” who were seeking new alternatives.10 Indeed, Dr. St. Louis believes it could possibly be a replacement for patients who have built up a tolerance to the “z drug” class. “I’ve anecdotally already had a couple of patient successes, at least short term, with very brittle insomnia or intolerance to other traditional agents,” he said. “That said, our paradigm now in chronic insomnia is mostly to emphasize behavioral therapies, such as cognitive behavioral therapy and sleep hygiene education.” n
1. Crean, D. A history of insomnia medication and sleeping pills. http://www.sleepdex.org/medhistory.htm
2. Citrome, L. Suvorexant for Insomnia: A Systematic Review of the Efficacy and Safety Profile for This Newly Approved Hypnotic. Int J Clin Pract. 2014;68(12):1429-1441.
3. Zeitzer JM, Nishino S, Mignot E. The neurobiology of hypocretins (orexins), narcolepsy and related therapeutic interventions. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2006 Jul;27(7):368-74.
4. FDA News Release. FDA approves new type of sleep drug, Belsomra; August 13, 2014.
5. Belsomra® [package insert] Whitehouse Station, NJ. Merck; 2014.
6. FDA release. Questions and Answers: Risk of next-morning impairment after use of insomnia drugs; FDA requires lower recommended doses for certain drugs containing zolpidem; Jan. 10, 2013.
7. FDA Drug Safety Communication. FDA warns of next-day impairment with sleep aid Lunesta (eszopiclone) and lowers recommended dose. May 15, 2014.
8. Clarke, T. U.S. FDA approves Merck insomnia drug. Reuters. Aug. 13, 2014.
9. Staton, T. Merck execs tout early yield from sleep drug Belsomra’s launch. Fierce PharmaMarketing; March 11, 2015.
10. Davis, R. Merck & Co., Inc. Paper presented at: Barclays Global Healthcare Conference; March 11, 2015; Miami, FL.
Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Part 2
Alicia M. Zha, MD and Brendan J. Kelley, MD
Your Attention, Please: ADHD Linked With Epilepsy
With Alan Ettinger, MD
Alzheimer’s Disease Drug Development & Emerging Therapies
Jeffrey L. Cummings, MD, ScD; and Kate Zhong, MD
Sleep Disorders & Dementia
Winnie Pao, MD
Update on Treating Sleep Disorders
Charlene E. Gamaldo, MD, FAAN, FAASM; Tyler M. Pugeda, BA; and Rachel Marie E. Salas, MD, MEdHP, FAAN
Logan Schneider, MD
The Complex Role of Sleep and Sleep Medications in Alzheimer’s Disease
Everyone With Epilepsy at Risk of SUDEP—Few Are Aware of Risk
Schedule IV Designation For Solriamfetol, a New Treatment for Excessive Daytime Sleepiness in Narcolepsy or OSA
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Home › News One
Rev. Al Sharpton Claps Back At Donald Trump Jr. For Reminding Him That He Took Pictures With His Racist Daddy
The civil rights leader responded in a video.
Parker Riley
Yesterday, Donald Trump Jr. proved he was as delusional as father is by whining about anyone with a functional brain calling President Trump a racist. Little Donnie’s logic? It can’t be true because of all the Black people with whom he has taken pictures!
He told The Daily Caller, “It’s been terrible to watch, because I know him, I’ve seen him my whole life, I’ve seen the things he’s done. It’s amazing, all the rappers, all the this, all his African-American friends, from Jesse Jackson to Al Sharpton, I have pictures with them . . . it was only till he got into politics that all of a sudden, Oh, he’s the most terrible human being ever.” See below:
Now, Reverend Al Sharpton is speaking out about the photo op with 45. On MSNBC’s The Beat with Ari Melber, Rev. Sharpton recalled meeting Trump while marching against him about the Central Park Five (Trump called for the execution of five Black teenagers with a full page ad in the New York Times in 1989). He said Trump then became a Democrat and “when he was talking right, we took pictures with him and welcomed him to our events.” After the birther movement, he no longer stood with him — Sharpton says, “We haven’t changed. He changed.” See below:
.@TheRevAl response to Trump Jr. on African-American leaders who criticize Trump previously taking photos with Donald Trump:
"We haven't changed, he changed" pic.twitter.com/1j9JMFCNGT
— TheBeat w/Ari Melber (@TheBeatWithAri) February 7, 2018
But has Trump really changed? He was accused of housing discrimination in the 1970s. In a 1991 book by John O’Donnell, Trump was quoted as saying, “Black guys counting my money! I hate it. The only kind of people I want counting my money are short guys wearing yarmulkes.” Not to mention, his father Fred Trump was arrested at a KKK rally in 1927. Maybe Sharpton didn’t know these facts when they posed for pictures back in the day.
A post shared by @nowbytch on Feb 7, 2018 at 8:08am PST
We’ll let you decide…
Will Alabama’s Black Voters Turnout For Crucial Senate Race?
President Donald Trump’s Voter Fraud Claims Could Lead To More Voter Suppression
Rev. Al Sharpton Claps Back At Donald Trump Jr. For Reminding Him That He Took Pictures With His Racist Daddy was originally published on newsone.com
Also On Praise 104.7:
Isaac Carre, Earnest Pugh, Charles Jenkins, Chris Searcy, VaShawn Mitchell Performing Live At Praise Richmond’s Holiday Celebration! [PHOTOS]
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Tag: alumni
The HC Student Investment Club (HCSIF), is set to begin it’s third year this fall through the Ciocca Center for Business, Ethics, and Society. The goal of HCSIF is for students of all majors and class years to gain experience in the fields of asset valuation, equity research and portfolio management with the Bloomberg Terminal on campus. And as of last week, the students also have access to Capital IQ, an investment analysis tool used to inform investment strategies.
Students are taking the initiative to immerse themselves to gain technical skills and access to the alumni network and all of the hard work seems to be paying off as students are landing internships and full-time jobs. Co-founders, Andrew Smith ’19 and Sean Manning ’19, have secured employment at Goldman Sachs and Raytheon respectively, and the three new student leaders are interning at the following firms this summer.
2019-2020 Holy Cross Student Investment Fund Leaders
John McConville ’20: Equity Research Analyst, CTMA
Margaret Burd ’20: Securities Division Summer Analyst, Goldman Sachs
John Boyd ’21: Summer Analyst, inspire11
HCSIF March 2019 Isenberg Pitch Competition Winners
The students work closely with alumni throughout the year and had the opportunity to visit them on site during the 2019 spring semester.
BOSTON: On March 19, Dan Atchinson ’05, Tim Redmond ’08, and Kevin O’Connor ’12 of J.P. Morgan hosted HCSIF students at the Boston office. They each provided great insight to the industry and career advice over lunch.
NEW YORK CITY : On April 24, hosted by Emmett Daly ’82 at Sandler O’Neill, three groups of HCSIF students traveled to NYC. The students pitched stocks (including CVS, URI and Square) to an alumni panel followed by the opportunity to network. Thanks to the following alumni for participating in this annual event:
Julianna Biolsi ’12: BAM Funds
Emmet Daly ’82: Sandler O’Neill
Taylor Esper ’14: Sandler O’Neill
Sue Feitelberg ’84: Morgan Stanley
John Mullman ’82 P07: Jennison
Marshall McIntosh ’95: PIMCO
Beau Lescott ’95: Inherent Group
Arnold Principal ’91: SYP Capital
Joe Stangl ’93: Sandler O’Neill
Ivan Watanabe ’08: Opus
Thanks for reading! Cassie
Cassie Gevry, Associate Director of Student Engagement
Ciocca Center for Business, Ethics, and Society
Dan Ricciardi ’06 working with student interns.
The Ciocca Center is looking for a Marketing Communications intern for the fall 2019 semester to highlight successful business alumni and bring awareness to the Center’s focus on “major in anything and succeed in business.” Working with the Associate Director of Student Engagement, the intern will connect directly with alumni throughout the semester.
“This semester, I learned about first-hand experiences that the readings examined through my discussions with Holy Cross alums and their c-suite positions. For my internship, I worked in the Ciocca Center where I researched, interviewed, and wrote blog posts about HC alums and their involvement as CEOs and board members. ” starts Sarah Anderson ’20. “I particularly enjoyed being able to apply the knowledge of our class discussions to the questions and conversations that I had while learning from our strong Holy Cross network about their journeys in the workplace.”
Sarah Anderson ’20 worked as the Ciocca Center’s first intern through the Academic Internship Program here on campus for the spring 2019 semester. Read about her experience working with alumni on a previous blog post.
“I am grateful for the opportunity to have made connections and interview a wide variety of alums. I learned from their stories and connected how their experiences as CEOs and board members relate back to our class readings. My internship experience in the Ciocca Center was well integrated and complementary to our seminar discussions.” adds Anderson.
Interested in the opportunity? Read the complete job description here and reach out to business@holycross.edu to apply. Thanks for reading!
Ciocca Center Offers Alumni-led Tutorial
This spring semester the Ciocca Center offered a new course through the Academic Internship Program. Professor David Chu, Director of the Certificate Programs and Prebusiness Advisor at Holy Cross, partnered with Katharine Quigley ’13, Digital Marketing Manager at Centage, to teach an Introduction to Online Marketing tutorial.
Complementing the Ciocca Center’s mission to connect the liberal arts to the job market, this new tutorial covered introductory marketing content through various readings and in-depth discussions with a focus on the Google Ads Platform. The five students then applied this to the design, implementation and assessment of an actual online marketing campaign for a non-profit, West Seattle Junction.
“A strong liberal arts education prepared me for an ever-changing digital marketing landscape.” starts Katharine. “It was rewarding to help current Holy Cross students learn new digital marketing concepts and vocabulary, and then see them pair those tools with their existing critical thinking and leadership skills to make a real impact on a nonprofit client.”
Thank you to Katharine for reaching out and offering to work with students on this technical topic. She worked with Professor Chu to identify readings, design a syllabus and spent every Wednesday night on campus working with students interested in a career in marketing communications.
Who were the lucky students involved? 18 students applied for this opportunity and only five were selected: Joe Egan ’19, Tim Haemmerle ’19, Olivia Lozy ’20, Lilly Puccia ’19 and Madeline Thero ’19.
Holy Cross Hosts Fourth Annual Mock Superday
The fourth annual Mock Superday, coordinated by the Finance Club through the Ciocca Center for Business, Ethics, and Society with the Center for Career Development, was held on Monday, April 29, 2019 on campus. This event helps students prepare for the intensive interview process for internships and full-time jobs at Wall Street firms. The evening started with dinner, followed by an alumni panel. From there the group moved into speed interviews simulating a Wall Street Superday.
“Myself, Andrew Smith ’19 and the rest of the Finance Club Executive Board are thrilled with the success of the Mock Superday event this year. This is the fourth year the event has taken place, and we achieved the highest alumni participation to date.” said Jay Mackie ’19, Co-Chair of the Finance Club. “With this new level of engagement, we were able to expand the event beyond just the student/alumni interviews to include an alumni panel open to the broader student body, and an intimate meeting with senior bankers to discuss initiatives the school is taking to increase placements in finance. We think this year was an important step forward in creating alumni awareness around the club’s efforts to prepare students for a career in financial services. ”
This was such a successful year for the Finance Club, in fact all members of the E-board, who were interns last summer, have now secured full time analyst positions at top firms on Wall Street for after graduation.
Stephen D’Agostino ’19: Incoming Analyst, JP Morgan Investor Services
Chip (George) Doherty ’19: Incoming Analyst, Morgan Stanley Investment Management
Hana Ferrari ’19: Incoming Analyst, BNP Paribas Global Markets
Jack McCabe ’19:Incoming Analyst, Blackstone Valuations
Jay Mackie ’19 : Incoming Analyst, Barclays Investment Banking
Andrew Smith ’19: Incoming Analyst, Goldman Sachs Investment Management
Brianna Spencer ’19: Incoming Analyst, Barclays Investment Banking
Continue reading “Holy Cross Hosts Fourth Annual Mock Superday”
Brittany Polanco ’12 on Culture Fit
“I think it’s important to build a culture where people feel valued as individuals, supported in their values and able to control whatever balance looks like to them.” — Brittany Polanco ‘12
Brittany Polanco ’12, current Marketing Manager at PepsiCo, was interviewed by Women in Business committee member Margaret Anderson ‘21. She shared her path from Mount St. James to the world of business, holding prominent roles in Frontier Communications, Hilton Worldwide, and PepsiCo.
The Holy Cross PepsiCo community, from left to right: Jessica Vona ’08, Kristen Buonassisi ’12, Robert Santariello ’16, Anne Fink ’85 P17, Alexandra Schiffmann ’15 and Brittany Polanco ’12.
Why did you choose Holy Cross? Going to an all girls, Catholic high school (Mercy High School in Middletown, CT) had a huge impact on my perspective and growth as a female leader. At my high school, you were popular if you were smart, funny and kind rather than based on looks or social status. We were still teenagers so we had our fair share of drama, but the unique environment allowed me to grow and thrive. It was a supportive community that cultivated ambition, collaboration and academic achievement. When I visited HC, it was clear that there was something special about the school and that it was a similarly tight-knit, high achieving community. I immediately felt at home at Holy Cross and knew it would be a place I could build strong relationships while continuing to learn and grow at a new level. Continue reading “Brittany Polanco ’12 on Culture Fit”
Ciocca Center Intern to Interview Anne Fink ’85, P17
Anne Fink ’85, P17
President of Global Foodservice, PepsiCo
“One of my mentors has been a real model for servant leadership. This notion of putting others first stands out to me: just because you’re at the top of the organization, doesn’t mean that people are serving you.”
On April 1, 2019, Ciocca Center Student Intern Sarah Anderson ’20 interviewed Anne to learn about her journey in the food and beverage industry. Anne is the President of Global Foodservice at PepsiCo and is a member of the Holy Cross Board of Trustees.
What did you want to be when you grew up? Did you always know you wanted to work in the food and beverage industry? I grew up in a business family. My father and mother started a business when I was in grade school and it ended up being a family affair. It was a company called Mats Incorporated, a commercial floor matting business. My father started it from the trunk of his car selling doormats to businesses. Little by little, he grew the business into a pretty large and successful entity. Actually, my three brothers own the business and run it today and they have hundreds of employees. My mother would type the invoices at night and I used to help her. So, it was very much a family business. I grew up interested in business, curious and involved. I knew I liked business and was interested in pursuing a career in it. I had a good feeling for that pretty early on in life. Continue reading “Ciocca Center Intern to Interview Anne Fink ’85, P17”
Posted on April 9, 2019 May 1, 2019
Ciocca Center Intern Interviews Bill Abbott ’84
Bill Abbott ’84
President & CEO of Crown Media Family Networks
“This is where being a major in English really comes in handy. I feel like I learned story, characters, and emotion and all the things that comprise great storytelling at Holy Cross.”
On March 29, 2019, Ciocca Center Student Intern Sarah Anderson ’20 interviewed Bill to learn about how he turned his English Major into a career in the entertainment industry. Bill is the President and CEO of Crown Media Family Networks.
What did you want to be when you grew up? Did you always know you wanted to work in the entertainment industry? No, not at all. I was an English major, with a lot of political science classes mixed in there. I was really focused more either on law school or teaching when I was at school. But, after college I felt like more school wasn’t really where I wanted to be my first year out. So, I was fortunate enough to get a job in the media world, loved it from the beginning, and decided that’s what I would focus on. Entertainment is not something I intended on, but the liberal arts education provided me with a great backdrop for really anything I wanted to do because it teaches you and gives you a good sense of how to communicate and critically think and write. All of those are crucial aspects to any job. Continue reading “Ciocca Center Intern Interviews Bill Abbott ’84”
Ciocca Center Intern Interviews Bob Guillocheau ’82
Bob Guillocheau ’82
Chairman & CEO of Ascensus
“We are very much a mission based company, values driven, and a lot of that came from my learnings at Holy Cross. The ‘men and women for others’ very much resonated with me and it’s something I bring with me everyday when I go to work.”
On March 22, 2019, Ciocca Center Student Intern Sarah Anderson ’20 interviewed Bob Guillocheau ’82 to learn about his journey from HC into the financial services industry. Bob was an economics and accounting major and currently serves as the Chairman & CEO of Ascensus.
Who/What inspired you to enter the business world? I graduated Holy Cross with an economics accounting degree and, typically if you have a accounting degree, you get recruited by what was back then the big eight accounting firms. There have been mergers and today it is the big four accounting firms. The world has changed a lot from 1982 when I graduated, but getting recruited is what got me into financial services and the business world. I took an accounting class in high school, taught by a woman by the name of Mrs. Ellis. She made it really fun and interesting and she was a businesswoman who explained to us how the world works and how accounting and finance plays into any aspect of company. Continue reading “Ciocca Center Intern Interviews Bob Guillocheau ’82”
The Holy Cross Student Investment Fund Wins First Prize
On March 28, 2019 the Holy Cross Student Investment Fund competed in the UMASS Minuteman Equity Fund. With twelve teams competing, including MIT, Harvard, Columbia, Georgetown, Penn State, UConn, Northeastern and Babson, Holy Cross won $3,000 for first prize! Four students (pictured below) pitched CVS. Congratulations!
Left to right: Hayden Ivatts ‘21, Jack Boyd ‘21, Jack McConville ‘20, Hannah Callaghan ‘20
The HC Student Investment Club, now in its second year through the Ciocca Center for Business, Ethics, and Society, is a group of 37 students from all class years and majors. After a competitive application process, students work in teams to gain experience in the fields of asset valuation, equity research and portfolio management with the Bloomberg Terminal on campus. The students work closely with alumni and have scheduled site visits in NYC and Boston, MA.
“On our recent trip to New York, we showcased this feat and the work of our club to key alumni in the financial services industry.” comments Jack Boyd ’21. “There, the Industrials and Technology Group showcased their pitch-decks on United Rentals (URI) and Square, (SQ) respectively. The rigor and quality of these presentations were amplified with the use of our Bloomberg Terminal and strengthened after weeks of hard work within their coverage groups.”
Ciocca Center Intern Interviews John Andreoli ’82
John Andreoli ’82
President & CEO of Sullivan Group Insurance
“With an economics background, I knew I wanted to be in business for myself at some point, so this opportunity gave me the chance to build a business from the ground up and join a firm that had already been in existence, and then have built that for the past 35 years.”
On February 25, 2019, Ciocca Center Student Intern Sarah Anderson ’20 visited John’s Worcester office for an interview and to learn about his journey from HC into the insurance industry. John was an economics major and currently serves as the President & CEO of Sullivan Insurance.
Who/What inspired you to enter the business world? My path was a little unconventional. My dad was in the business on the life insurance side for 56 years. And I wasn’t exactly sure what I wanted to do. I wanted to play football when I got out of HC, which I did. For 2 ½ years I played professionally with the USFL (a league that’s not around anymore). I spent a little bit of time with the Patriots on injured reserve. So, I knew I wanted to get involved in the business world at some point, but I wasn’t sure exactly where. And I had my insurance licenses, and I decided that while I was playing, I would get into this business on a part-time basis in the off-season, which I did in 1983. It’s been continuous since then. With an economics background, I knew I wanted to be in business for myself at some point, so this opportunity gave me the chance to build a business from the ground up and join a firm that had already been in existence, and then have built that for the past 35 years. Continue reading “Ciocca Center Intern Interviews John Andreoli ’82”
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Category Archives: Lesbian
by Timmy Timmy | October 27, 2018 · 12:43 am
100th Discussion: Eight Plays by Ovidia Yu
Attendees: Asy, Joyce, Rachel, Yi Sheng, Pamela, Timmy
Moderator: Vicky
All of us completed the required reading and were raring to go! Continue reading →
Filed under Family, Lesbian, Love, Ovidia Yu, Play, Politics, Race, Religion, Singapore
by Rubbish Eat Rubbish Grow | February 24, 2018 · 1:59 am
Movie Discussion: The Chinese Botanist’s Daughters (2006)
Attendees: Raj, Timmy, Asy, Fiona, Mya, Vicky, Reynard, Shawn, Aaron, Henry, Olivia.
We discussed The Chinese Botantist’s Daughters, directed and written by Dai Sijie, a French-Chinese, who writes in French, although he is a Chinese national. The themes that we talked about: nature/location, religion, music/soundtrack, rebellion, politics, race, and family.
In particular, we looked closely at the drug scene in the steamroom where hallucinogens are used to induce buried memories (of the Western mother), prompting Liming to cut her hair short and don a man’s uniform; why are drugs associated with homosexuality? And why does Liming fall into a heteronormative narrative of being a “man”?
We also talked about the phallic symbols in the movie and how male sexual desire needed to be extirpated in order for lesbian love to rise.
We also reached a conclusion that the rebellious actions are sometimes pointless and, coupled with the paradisal locale, the Western corruption into a carefully cultivated isle can be read allergically as serpent destroying Eden (Liming as the serpent, An as Eve, her brother as Adam, and the father who created the isle as God) or politically as Pro-China. The political aspects, we concluded, are so patent in the movie that we didn’t believe Dai Sijie when he claimed that his movies aren’t political.
Furthermore, in the last scene, which moved many of us, an educator and religious leaders support the lesbian couple; we read this as a form of resistance against the state laws. We thought the “Bury the Gays” theme deserves 10000 eye-roll, but, like all tragedies, their deaths make the movie more poignant.
Filed under China, Dai Sijie, Ecology, Family, Lesbian, Politics, Race, Religion
by Rubbish Eat Rubbish Grow | July 21, 2017 · 12:06 pm
Book Discussion: Ann Bannon – Odd Girl Out
Zoe, Raj, and Aaron discussed Ann Bannon’s Odd Girl Out, which is the second bestselling paperback in 1957. We discussed about the significance of the title, and how the three women, Emily, Beth, and Laura, are “odd” in their own ways.
Emily is a strong, loyal, independent friend who doesn’t deserve her ending. (Actually what is her ending? we pondered.)
Beth is sexually ambiguous. She is portrayed as a butch, attractive to both men and women, but she refuses to make any decisions about her life until the end. Although she is a “leader,” she is not a good friend to Emily, not advising her to stay away from Budd.
Regarding Laura: We questioned about the stereotypes of a possessive, jealous lesbian. We also talked about the circumstances of portraying a lesbian in the 50s: it was prohibited to have a happy ending for LGBTQ. But Bannon circumvented the censorship law by creating a strong and independent character in Laura, although how Laura grows out of her moroseness and morbidity is not clearly shown.
The character development of Laura is one of the many plot holes we found in the novel. Who sabotages Emily’s double stitching of bra? What happens to Emily in the end? How come the perspectives in the novel shift suddenly? These are some of the narrative weaknesses in the novel.
However, it’s refreshing to see a positive male character (Charlie) in a lesbian novel, a rare sighting among the lesbian novels we have read so far.
Filed under Ann Bannon, Classics, Lesbian, USA
by Rubbish Eat Rubbish Grow | September 16, 2016 · 6:25 am
Discussion: Alison Bechdel’s The Essential Dykes to Watch Out For
Veronika wrote:
I really like the comics I dipped into. The way she captures every day politicising in the slice of life format is compelling for busy adults… I like the sustained way she did comic too! It’s not easy to create an appealing comic strip that panders exclusively to adult tastes. I mean, I usually associate comic strips to anthropomorphic animals or hyperbolic characters so at first flip it took a while for me to get used to reading unusually dense language for comic strips. I kinda see why XKCD strips the artwork to stick figures now, cause the dialogue is the focal point. For this, there were times when I felt a little too overwhelmed at the cramped drawings and dense text in the comics. Aaron did point me to a rather poignantly done comic strip in 2004 following the 9/11 event, and it was nice to see the art carry the weight of the message for once. I agreed with Aaron’s point that he finds the depiction of the fat or non-standard beautiful characters interesting. It adds to the raw, Real feel of the comics. Aaron thinks it is problematic that the text itself while promoting diversity, fails the inverse Bechdel test. However, I personally don’t think it’s problematic.
Aaron wrote:
These are some of the discussion questions that I have prepared:
1. In our discussion on Fun Home, we didn’t like the narcissistic nature of the graphic novel. In the introduction of DTWOF, Bechdel confided that she submitted a manuscript of a novel to Adrienne Rich. Rich rejected to publish the novel because she, like us, found the storytelling narcissistic. But DTWOF comes in episodes, not a whole coherent narrative. Do you think DTWOF is narcissistic too? Or does the episodic form make the comics more inclusive and universal?
2. The Bechdel Test originated from DTWOF. Think of your favorite movie and apply it to the test. Do you think the test is accurate or reliable?
Now apply the inverse to DTWOF. Are there more than 2 male characters interacting with each other, talking about nonsexual topics? How are men generally portrayed in DTWOF?
3. In this interview, why did Bechdel feel uncomfortable about her characters being role models?
4. In the same interview, she stated that she stopped DTWOF after more than a decade because it was no longer profitable. Does this affect the artistic integrity or the advocacy element of the comics for you?
Also you may want to relate it to the characters in the comics who stick to their principles and those who don’t.
5. In the interview, what is the “homosexual agenda” according to Bechdel? How is it reflected in her comics?
6. Bechdel is constantly worrying about the homogenization of the world because big corporations are taking over the world. How does she negotiate that in her comics?
7. What are some of the things that shock you in the comics? If you’re a gay man, what is the difference between the lesbian scene and the gay?
8. Bechdel prides herself for being a feminist, which to her also means being antiestablishment. Is there a contradiction publishing things to make money?
9. Fat studies / disabled lesbians. Discuss.
Filed under Alison Bechdel, Class, Disability, Family, Graphic Novel, HIV/AIDS, Lesbian, Love
by Rubbish Eat Rubbish Grow | May 20, 2016 · 2:20 am
Lesbian Book Discussion: Emma Donoghue’s ROOM
We were a lively, loquacious bunch: Pierre, Mona, Liz, Sharad, Raj, Brian, Alex, Javin, Veronica, and Aaron.
We started the discussion with whether it’s better to watch the film first, or read the book first. S and B had different opinions. B found the space in the film important, especially the personal space the Grandma needs away from Jack.
P was insistent that Ma should have committed suicide before the birth of the child. Why wait till the hospital? B argued that Ma doesn’t commit suicide because of Jack; she has no existence before Jack. “Is this sexist to depict that a woman’s existence lies in her motherhood?” Almost everyone in the group replied negative, but Aa and P weren’t so sure it isn’t sexist.
When asked what we didn’t like about the novel: R, V, Aa, P, M all thought it was densely packed, full of many noun-things. Aa called the novel unimaginative and predictable, which V disagreed. B said that the brother is superfluous. V thought the breastfeeding should have been developed later in the novel. L commented the story is isolated in its world, divorced from other current events. Al thought it is the bestest book ever.
We talked a lot on fatherhood. B noted that fatherhood in Room is more complex than motherhood, because there are different types of fathers whereas mothers seem giving. V said that the Father’s rejection of Jack adds to Ma’s guilt. We also questioned why Ma doesn’t allow Jack to interact with his father, but S and B bored us and we didn’t pay attention. Something about attachment/abuse theory, Jack as a form of pure extension of Ma which she must keep sacred, but it seems going into the sexist rhetoric that a woman is unpure after rape.
Another theme we talked about was media. Hey, wanna netflix and chill? Donoghue claims Room is part “a satire of modern mores and media.” We should have discussed more on it.
We also discussed a scene where a gay couple appear. S, P, and Aa thought it is a manipulative scene, bludgeoning our heads with the message that children know no sexuality and can love a boy or a girl. The other members protested, and called the trio cynical.
On favorite characters, everyone seemed to love the Grandma and the step granddad, except for Al. Al thought the grandma represents the normalizing, heteronormative force of society; she teaches Jack how to be normal. Gross, right? L and J liked the kid and mother. Aa liked the reporter but he was booed by everyone—we are a pretty “democratic” book club. Al liked Raja the dog and the Room as a character.
R claimed Ma uses Jack as a pawn to get Sunday treats. The rapist giving Sunday treats and not depicted as a complete villain: L said, “The worst kind of evil has some good in it.” She was on a roll and had several good epigrams that night.
V pointed that the rape is not dealt with directly and B said that circumventing the topic is a sophisticated way of dealing with the topic: it’s a traumatic experience, one of the worst things that can happen to a woman, but yet it’s not the be-all, and end-all of a person’s life.
On narrative structure, Aa asked if it is strange to have the climax of the story in the middle of the book, and V said it is more thrilling after the climax. V also liked the child narrator, arguing that it’s a convincing voice.
How about the ending? Is it a good ending? Ma and Jack treat the room differently; Ma hates it but it is Jack’s world. L wondered if it is an allegory for wanting to return to the mother’s womb.
S views the moral of the story differently. He sees J as a carte blanche using concepts to understand the world: he uses different concepts to deal with situations in the room and in the world. The message of the story is not to have a message.
V ended the discussion by aptly summing up: it’s a feel bad, feel good book, a book that makes you see how awful the world is so that you feel that you’re lucky.
These are some of the topics that Aa had on hand, but there was no chance to bring them up:
-Queerness of Jack
-Sexuality of mother
-why is Old Nick deliberately kept out of the picture?
-psychiatrist and nurse
-Universality of the experience?
-Donoghue says that Room is “a battle between Mary and Devil for young Jesus.” How so?
-Room is inspired by Austrian case of Josef Fritzl, who locked up his own daughter whose son escaped at age of 5. James Wood, New Yorker critic, said this adaptation is “exploitative and a little cheap.” “The real victim’s imaginings and anxieties,” Wood argues, “must have been abysmal, in the original sense (unimaginable, bottomless), and the novel’s sure-footed appropriation of this unknowability seems offensive precisely in its sure-footness.” Jack’s cheerfulness and charm “lend the book an inappropriate lightness.” Do you agree with him?
Filed under Canada, Emma Donoghue, Family, Lesbian
by Foreign Influence | June 13, 2015 · 10:13 am
71st Discussion: Dorothy Allison—Bastard Out of Carolina
This discussion note is written by Brian (who blogs at Foreign Influence).
Attending: Raj, Alexius, Paul (a first-timer), Sharad, Brian, and Dominic
Bastard out of Carolina is a difficult book to finish. The Boatwright family in 1950s/1960s Greenville County, South Carolina—kinship, poverty, violence, abuse, humiliation, self medication, criminality, illegitimacy, and constant questions of beauty and ugliness. For some of us, the book was too traumatic to read without multiple breaks. For some, it was overly complicated or unnecessarily melodramatic in places. For others, the pace of the book was distracting: too many leaps or slow lags without a steady narrative. Even after some of us did manage to finish reading, we kept returning to questions of realism, silence, characterization, and the place of this book in American gay culture. The book did lead to some arguments—even about the weather in that part of the Southern United States.
Brian and Raj very much liked Bastard and the responses it evoked, even though Raj thought characters aged too quickly within the novel’s pace and Brian thought the novel could have developed some racial themes more fully.
Sharad and Dominic were generally positive, although more ambivalent toward the believability of the story and skeptical about the moral of the tale. Dominic summed the book’s message up as “Don’t be poor.” He didn’t like the presentation of that message.
Alexius and Paul didn’t like the book. Alexius thought Bone—the main character—never said or did anything; she never developed as a character. Paul thought the book tried to develop too many themes; it had little emotional depth. He asserted that his standard for gay and lesbian literature is Michael Cunningham’s The Hours, and that Bastard did not match up.
After a long discussion of the poverty and violence in the novel in general, we talked about its portrayal of crime and incarceration. Going to jail makes these men adults, and you can beat someone in a fair fight or out of justified revenge as long as you don’t kill them. We noted that girls become women by having babies and boys become men by committing crimes.
(Bone is close to her Uncle Earle—the only (?) likeable male character in the book—and commits a crime with her cousin Grey. Does this put her between the men and women in the novel, like her Aunt Raylene, who late in the book describes her love for another woman?)
Then, we discussed the theme of fire. Many things and people burn in this book, and fire is always mentioned around Bone’s encounters with other girls she seems drawn toward—such as the Black girl in the apartment and the Albino friend Shannon.
We also discussed race, skin tone, and hair in relation to questions of being pretty or ugly. Being pretty is a constant obsession in the novel. Everyone worries about it, and it is always related to being fairskinned and blond haired. Brian pointed out that the characters tease any children with curly hair, saying they are “from the wrong side of the family,” and Raj raised this question of the “curse” some children hinted at. Alexius linked this curse to themes of “destiny” in the book—to the idea that there is no way out of the cycles portrayed.
Raj brought up questions of the power of “unconditional love,” of course.
We discussed Anney in detail. Her jobs and economic situations. We discussed her relations with Bone’s unnamed father, her husband Lyle—who dies soon after their marriage—and her second husband Glen, the man-child prone to violent outbursts—who abuses Bone. Anney is a mother, a housewife, a waitress, and a mill worker. Always barely making ends meet. The ambiguity of one of the economic arrangements in the book led us to ask if Anney might have engaged in sex work of one sort or another once.
Considering themes of humiliation and legitimacy, we considered why Anney is so concerned about Bone’s birth certificate—even though no one else appears to be. Sharad thought it was a point of pride. Paul suggested it was a matter of social stigma. Dominic asserted that if being poor was bad, being poor and a bastard was even worse, and Anney wanted to keep Bone from that double humiliation.
We discussed whether or not Shannon’s immolation was a suicide or an accident. Raj and Dominic said, “Yes.” Sharad hedged. Paul said the scene was emblematic of being consumed by religion. Brian thought maybe. Alexius asked, “Who is Shannon?”
The religious/gospel singing passages were interesting but didn’t garner much of our interest.
It seemed as if the book was introducing many homosocial/homosexual moments involving Bone: Bone’s links to Granny at first, the exchange of looks with the Black girl, Shannon, and then the “queer utopia” (???) of Aunt Raylene’s home. (Raylene who ran away with a woman once and now lives alone is also called “Ray.”) We debated if Raylene might be the moral voice of the novel but could not decide. Brian invested a lot in Raylene’s statement to Bone that, “‘People are the same,’ she said in a whisper. ‘Everybody just does the best they can’” and tried to find some morality in it.
We asked about the book’s portrayal of straight culture. Paul thought it was stereotypical. Raj thought the story was biased against everyone. No one does well in this environment. Dominic reminded us that Anney and Lyle are a positive couple. But, Lyle dies right away, for no apparent reason. Sharad brought up ideas of toxic masculinity and constant economic dependency. Alexius mumbled something.
In closing, we brought out our favorite characters:
Raj: Granny doesn’t move! There’s stability to parts of this culture.
Dominic: Serving it real! There is so much food in the book, and Anney serves it all.
Sharad: You can’t get more right than the Boatwrights! The whole family is engrossing.
Paul: I didn’t like anyone.
Alexius: I liked the weather.
Brian: Raylene! Who doesn’t want to live alone at a bend in the river?
Filed under Class, Classics, Dorothy Allison, Family, Lesbian, USA
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Home › Quotes & Sayings About Someone Doing Something Wrong
Quotes & Sayings About Someone Doing Something Wrong
Enjoy reading and share 78 famous quotes about Someone Doing Something Wrong with everyone.
People seem to be having these awesome sex lives and I'm just trying to find a life partner to go apple picking with. What's wrong with me? — Mindy Kaling
Tomes / Of reasoned wrong, glozed on by ignorance — Percy Bysshe Shelley
My father then presented Honour with a cheque,
"This is from our family for you, only you. Put it in a bank and if my son ever treats you badly, use this to leave the idiot," he said.
I was laughing so hard I had tears in my eyes.
The haque mehr was traditionally given to the bride on the wedding day by the groom, it was an amount that would be hers for her lifetime to keep in case things went wrong and she needed to stand on her own two feet.
Dad had done his little trickery, and in his head and everyone else's, we had done all that was required from a nikah. — Ruth Ahmed
It's a good thing we don't know when we start out that when we arrive we haven't gone anyplace."
"What's wrong with success?" Kelly asked, exasperated. "You just walked out on the biggest hit show on Broadway, something you'd always wanted. Why did you leave?"
"Because, Kelly," I said slowly, "nothing, but nothing is half as good as you expect it to be. — Dean Jones
Do you know what it means to come home at night to a woman who'll give you a little love, a little affection, a little tenderness? It means you're in the wrong house, that's what it means. — Henny Youngman
Writing of only one small part of the broader problem, namely the single-minded pursuit of individualistic 'rights,' [Don] Feder is not wrong to conclude:
Absent a delicate balance--rights and duties, freedom and order--the social fabric begins to unravel. The rights explosion of the past three decades has taken us on a rapid descent to a culture without civility, decency, or even that degree of discipline necessary to maintain an advanced industrial civilization. Our cities are cesspools, our urban schools terrorist training camps, our legislatures brothels where rights are sold to the highest electoral bidder. — D. A. Carson
Say it's wrong, but it feels right. — Colleen Hoover
Moral relativism, a position many find attractive only until they are faced with someone who is doing something really, really wrong. — Peter Singer
I'm pretty good at sticking to what I know. You don't see me social commentating on health-care or presidential debates. I talk about what I know because I'm petrified of being wrong. — Gary Vaynerchuk
Suspicion is far more to be wrong than right; more often unjust than just. It is no friend to virtue, and always an enemy to happiness. — Hosea Ballou
We must progress to the stage of doing all the right things for all the right reasons instead of doing all the right things for all the wrong reasons. — R. Buckminster Fuller
Finally, at every opportunity you have to move someone - from traditional sales, like convincing a prospect to buy a new computer system, to non-sales selling, like persuading your daughter to do her homework - be sure you can answer the two questions at the core of genuine service. If the person you're selling to agrees to buy, will his or her life improve? When your interaction is over, will the world be a better place than when you began? If the answer to either of these questions is no, you're doing something wrong. — Daniel H. Pink
He wonders briefly if he can still keep the Molinaro's trust money if he murders Patrick. He's pretty sure there's no Molinaro stipulation against that. Murder's always been a viable Molinaro alternative to accepting the consequences of any situation that's gone wrong. — Leta Blake
There are people we treat wrong and later we're prepared to treat other people right. Perhaps this sounds mercenary, but I feel grateful for these trial relationships, and I would like to think it all evens out - surely, unknowingly, I have served as practice for other people. — Curtis Sittenfeld
I was good with being alone, always liked it, but there's something about doing a job alone that you've always done with someone else that just doesn't feel right. Maybe it's like making Christmas cookies by yourself. There's nothing wrong with it in theory, but you're really supposed to be doing it with other people, and not just any other people. — Anna Quindlen
No matter how perfect & honest a person is, there will always be people to criticize. In other words, if everyone agrees with someone, there is something fundamentally wrong with what that individual is doing. If you are not criticized, you are not in the right track. — Abu Sufyan Ibn Harb
Something's still wrong
the same thing that was wrong forty years ago. A malignancy, a tumor, slowly growing in someone's heart. A conscience that's seared. — Heather Day Gilbert
It is not altogether wrong to say that there is no such thing as a bad photograph - only less interesting, less relevant, less mysterious ones. — Susan Sontag
If you're trying to serve someone in need and it doesn't hurt a little, you're doing something wrong. — Jeff Goins
How are you going to forget him if you keep talking about him? Darling, when things go wrong in life, this is what you do. You lift your chin, put on a ravishing smile, mix yourself a little cocktail ... and out you go. — Sophie Kinsella
If the majority doesn't laugh at you, beware that you must be saying something wrong. When the majority thinks you are a fool, only then is there some possibility of you being a wise man. — Laozi
Doing the right thing for someone else occasionally means doing something that feels wrong to you. — Jodi Picoult
The King can do no wrong; he cannot constitutionally be supposed capable of injustice. — John Nichol
There is nothing wrong in saying something, but there should be no protection [insistence] that we are right. — Dada Bhagwan
Someone with a low degree of epistemic arrogance is not too visible, like a shy person at a cocktail party. We are not predisposed to respect humble people, those who try to suspend judgement. Now contemplate epistemic humility. Think of someone heavily introspective, tortured by the awareness of his own ignorance. He lacks the courage of the idiot, yet has the rare guts to say "I don't know." He does not mind looking like a fool or, worse, an ignoramus. He hesitates, he will not commit, and he agonizes over the consequences of being wrong. He introspects, introspects, and introspects until he reaches physical and nervous exhaustion.
This does not necessarily mean he lacks confidence, only that he holds his own knowledge to be suspect. I will call such a person an epistemocrat; the province where the laws are structured with this kind of human fallibility in mind I will can an epistemocracy. — Nassim Nicholas Taleb
No, no, no, no, no. Sex should not be fun, okay? Sex can be lots of things - thrilling, romantic, scary, mindless, dirty, dangerous, frantic, forbidden, freaky - but if you're finding it 'fun,' you're doing it wrong. — Mil Millington
There's something wrong with a mother who washes out a measuring cup with soap and water after she's only measured water in it. — Erma Bombeck
All of that will be gone by morning. Instead, they will dissect this last evening for years to come. What had they missed that they should have seen? What small gesture, forgotten, might have changed everything? They will pick it down to the bones, wondering how this had all gone so wrong, and they will never be sure. — Celeste Ng
The ignorant mass looks upon the man who makes a violent protest against our social and economic iniquities as upon a wild beast, a cruel, heartless monster, whose joy it is to destroy life and bathe in blood; or at best, as upon an irresponsible lunatic. Yet nothing is further from the truth. As a matter of fact, those who have studied the character and personality of these men, or who have come in close contact with them, are agreed that it is their super-sensitiveness to the wrong and injustice surrounding them which compels them to pay the toll of our social crimes. The most noted writers and poets, discussing the psychology of political offenders, have paid them the highest tribute. Could anyone assume that these men had advised violence, or even approved of the acts? Certainly not. Theirs was the attitude of the social student, of the man who knows that beyond every violent act there is a vital cause. — Emma Goldman
A favorite strategy was the paragraph-terminating: Right? Followed immediately by Wrong. This linear invitation to a mugging was considered a strategy of wit. — Renata Adler
I've always said, 'If you need Viagra, you're probably with the wrong girl.' — Donald Trump
It is wrong to think that the task of physics is to find out how Nature is. Physics concerns what we say about Nature. — Niels Bohr
When I see someone not performing, I am frank enough to tell the person that it's not working out. I request him or her to leave or change jobs within the group. But I see many of our senior colleagues, including my brothers, sons and nephews, empathetic towards non-performers. They don't want to face the issue. They tend to become comfortable with such people and they get protection. They tend to choose people who become personally loyal to them rather than to the company. I think it's important to be professional about such matters. Protecting a non-performer is not good for the business and also the person being protected. This is unprofessional too. The non-performer may be in the wrong job and thus not doing what he or she is best at doing. Empathy that results in protection would lead to a negative result for the employee as well. He or she might be better off in another job within the group or elsewhere. — Subhash Chandra
The law serves of nought else in these days but for to do wrong, for nothing is spread almost but false matters by color of the law for reward, dread and favor and so no remedy is had in the Court of Equity in any way. — Jack Cade
The Soul's [our true self's] natural form is the absolute supreme Self [Parmatma]. It does not show you 'wrong [doing]', nor does it show 'right [doing]'. When demerit karma effect is unfolding, then one will see the 'wrong' and when merit karma is unfolding, it will show 'right'. The Soul is not the 'doer' in any of this; it continues to 'See' only the vibrations! — Dada Bhagwan
If an outsider perceives 'something wrong' with a core scientific model, the humble and justified response of that curious outsider should be to ask 'what mistake am I making?' before assuming 100% of the experts are wrong. — David Brin
A wrong is just a wrong no matter who's doin' it or who it's done to. You know someone's doin' wrong and even if it has not one thing to do with you, you do what you can to right that wrong. You don't, you're no kind of person or, at least, no kind I'd wanna know. — Kristen Ashley
[ ... ]patience is the weapon that forces deception to reveal itself. It is the insurance against being deceived or making wrong decisions. Some things can only be made known by waiting. God takes his time. — Michelle McKinney Hammond
No one ever said 'no' to me about anything. No one ever told me anything was wrong. Never. No one ever said, 'You can't be a fashion designer.' No one ever said, 'You're a boy and you can't take tap-dancing lessons.' No one ever said, 'You're a boy and you can't have long hair.' — Marc Jacobs
If you want easy, you came to the wrong man. I don't do easy. I do worth-it. — Anonymous
Stop letting everyone else tell you what's wrong and right. Stake a claim! You cower when you could conquer. — Tahereh Mafi
LOVE OF THE GOD"
"Love has power, power of Devine
It fills meaning of one life,
Love is the gift, Gift that gets of fortune,
Rather you aren't going for,
but Some divines put you in.
Without love, Life is like blank book,
Like in darkness one tries to look.
There are some shoulder made for each and Everyone,
To let your self lean and get relax.
But when you are shrugged off by own,
God himself comes and give you calmness.
Be believer of God, he will always with you.
Either anyone loves you or not but he will.
We find gains and such things in sake of Love,
But in his way he always just make you feel better even how wrong or bad you are!
He has his own way to spread love in one life, We should have such a trust and would get that we need to have!!!!
-Samar Sudha — Samar Sudha
Why then should I often be unhappy over what happens here? Shouldn't I always be glad, contented and happy, except when I think about her and her companions in distress? I am selfish and cowardly. Why do I always dream and think of the most terrible things- my fear makes me want to scream out loud sometimes. Because still, in spite of everything, I have not enough faith in God. He has given me so much- which I certainly do not deserve- and I still do so much that is wrong every day. If you think of your fellow creatures, then you only want to cry, you could really cry the whole day long. The only thing to do is to pray that God will perform a miracle and save some of them. And I hope that I am doing that enough! — Anne Frank
Are you saying that the people here aren't desperate? I think you're wrong. I think they are and they just don't know it.
Oh, they're desperate, all right, but so desperate that they're clinging to what they have. — Julianna Baggott
Wrong turns just added more to who you are. I didn't know that they also add to the toll you must pay to go back. — Vikki Wakefield
I'll offer you the possibility that I'm wrong only if I'm fairly sure I'm right. — Anonymous
I'VE NEVER BEEN VERY SURE ABOUT WHAT IS RIGHT, said Bill Door. I AM NOT SURE THERE IS SUCH A THING AS RIGHT. OR WRONG. JUST PLACES TO STAND. — Terry Pratchett
When I finished bathing after dinner, Kumiko was sitting in the living room with the lights out. Hunched down in the dark with her gray shirt on, she looked like a piece of luggage that had been left in the wrong place. — Haruki Murakami
Sometimes, they wait. Sometimes, you see the dead come in to the harbor, and their old dogs are all along the docks, wagging their tails, for they have waited for their masters and mistresses for many years. You see mothers who have missed their sons. Fathers who had never spoken of love to their children, ready to embrace them as they voyage from the end of life. It shows the lies of this world, you see. We are wrong about so many things here. Mankind has done terrible things, yet we are forgiven. — Douglas Clegg
Wasn't that what Jesus said: do what I do? He was here as an example for us to follow. Same with all prophets. Didn't the prophets tell us to be like them? That's what's wrong with Christianity. They make Jesus and the prophets into icons, take them off of earth, and put them in heaven to worship them, so they're no longer accessible. You've taken a reality and made it into a worthless idol. Christians talk about the idolatry of other religions, but when they no longer live principles and just worship the people who taught them, that's exactly what they're doing. — Daniel Suelo
Arjuna asked Sri Krishna, "In this chaotic condition of my mind, what is my duty? I surrender myself to you, great Master. Please tell me."
The answer of Bhagavan Sri Krishna is, "You understand nothing. You draw conclusions without proper understanding of the structure of life and your relationship to people or things in general. It is a very sorry state. How can you draw conclusions without proper premises? If you draw a conclusion based on a wrong premise, the conclusion is also wrong. Therefore, all that you have been told up to this time is without any foundation because you do not know either yourself or the world. — Swami Krishnananda
I remember as a very young child being warned that libraries and bookstores were quiet places where noise wasn't allowed. Here was yet another thing the adults had gotten wrong, for these book houses pulsed with sounds; they just weren't noisy. The books hummed. The collective noise they made was like riding on a large boat where the motor's steady thrum and tickle vibrated below one's sneakers, ignorable until you listened, then omnipresent and relentless, the sound that carried you forward. Each book brimmed with noises it wanted to make inside your head the moment you opened it; only the shut covers prevented it from shouting ideas, impulses, proverbs, and plots into that sterile silence. — Wendy Welch
I've written for those who want to learn, truly learn, about a community with which they aren't familiar. Or for those who have preconceptions but can admit they may not be entirely accurate (and, in some cases, that they are completely wrong). This means my reader must possess an open mind and a certain level of curiosity. If that's you, proceed to checkout. An uncensored glimpse behind the curtain, hairy backs and all, awaits. — Daniel Stern
Suddenly, I see the other side of choice. Of all of us having it. Sometimes we will choose wrong. — Ally Condie
Few family members act on warning signs when they first present themselves in a schizophrenic patient. It is often quite hard to realize, in fact, that something is clinically wrong. — Holly Schindler
I believe that every one of us has something that's very unique to us specifically. Something unique enough that no one else might really ever understand it - not our parents, or teachers, or best friends, or siblings.
It's our point of view.
Our point of view is what makes us unique, because no one else - no one else - has your particular combination of thoughts, and dreams, and hopes, and desires, and ambitions and memories, and experiences. No one. And I believe that every once in a while, the Universe opens itself up to you and you alone, and shows you something that no one else is going to understand. And you have to decide in that moment how much you believe in what you have seen - even if everyone else in the world tells you you're wrong. — James A. Owen
How English you are, Basil! If one puts
forward an idea to a real Englishman, - always a rash
thing to do, - he never dreams of considering whether the
idea is right or wrong. The only thing he considers of any
importance is whether one believes it one's self. Now, the
value of an idea has nothing whatsoever to do with the
sincerity of the man who expresses it. Indeed, the
probabilities are that the more insincere the man is, the more purely intellectual will the idea be, as in that case it
will not be colored by either his wants, his desires, or his
prejudices. However, I don't propose to discuss politics,
sociology, or metaphysics with you. I like persons better
than principles. Tell me more about Dorian Gray. How
often do you see him? — Oscar Wilde
He waited patiently until the uproar had died away. It was amazing, he thought, how people would argue against figures on no better basis than 'they must be wrong'. — Terry Pratchett
When you ask most American parents why they want to have kids, it's to bring more joy into their lives. So, when you don't feel that all-encompassing joy, it must be that something is wrong with you. I think it's dissatisfaction that the expectation was different than the reality. — Jessica Valenti
I find it's too much for me to read endless critiques, even if we're being well-defended, of exactly what we're doing. When someone tells us something we're doing wrong on the boards, we try to respond, we try to be responsive to the fan boards, but yeah, I can't read them. — Adam Savage
Confusing being mortal with being threatened can occur in any realm. The fact that something could go wrong does not mean that we are in danger. It means we are alive. Mortality is the sign of life. In the most intimate and personal of arenas, many of us have love and trusted someone who violated that trust. So when someone else comes along who intrigues us, whose interests we share, who we enjoy being with, with whom there could b some mutual enrichment and understanding, that does not mean that we are being violated again. Experiencing anxiety does not mean that anyone is doing anything to us that is unjust. — Sarah Schulman
(...) performance anxiety [in the worplace] is connected to other, more general fears which have to do with feeling inadequate and defenseless in the world: the fear of retaliation from someone with whom one disagrees; the fear of being critisized for doing something wrong; the fear of saying "no"; the fear of stating one's needs clearly and directly, without manipulating. These are the kinds of fears that affect women in particular, because we were brought up to believe that taking care of ourselves, asserting ourselves, is unfeminine. We wish (...) to feel attractive to men: non-threatening, sweet, "feminine". This wish crimps the joy and productiveness with which women could be leading their lives. — Colette Dowling
You think if someone does a brave deed quite suddenly, then he or she could never do a mean one? You are wrong. We all have good and bad in us, and we have to strive all the time to make the good cancel out the bad. We can never be perfect - we all of us do mean or wrong things at times - but we can at least make amends by trying to cancel out the wrong by doing something worthy later on. — Enid Blyton
You can work really hard and well on something, and someone you respect might hate it; worse, they're not empirically wrong for doing so. This is scary, especially for people who haven't been published. — Darin Strauss
I do enjoy writing, and I hope someone gets something interesting out of this book. I already have. Now, If I ever have to write a book that is not about me, I may be totally stumped and have writer's block. We will see. Writing is very convenient, has a low expense and is a great way to pass the time. I highly recommend it to any old rocker who is out of cash and doesn't know what to do next. You could hire someone to write it for you if you can't write it yourself. That doesn't seem to matter. Just don't hire some sweaty hack who asks you questions for years and twists them into his own vision of what is right or wrong. Try to avoid doing that. — Neil Young
This is what a total breakdown must be, I though. You find yourself standing somewhere you should't be, doing something so out of character that you wonder if you've become someone else entirely. You've lost the plot, taken a wrong turning, jumped into a train whose destination is total lunacy — Gilly Macmillan
We would like to believe that when things are still and calm, that's the real stuff, and when things are messy, confused, and chaotic, we've done something wrong, or more usually someone else has done something to ruin our beautiful meditation. As someone once said about a loud, bossy woman, What is that woman doing in my sacred world? — Pema Chodron
Just follow your gut. If you seriously believe that something is the right thing to do, if you are so convinced that your stomach is knotting up every time someone suggests an alternative way of doing all this, take a deep breath and just say, "You're wrong." — Joe Elliott
If someone likes my fiction more for the quality of my prose rather than the quality of my storytelling, I'm doing something wrong. — Jamie Ford
Dear 2600: I need someone with the abilities to get into my school server and change a few things. I have saved up $3500 over the past year for this and am willing to pay it in cash, as I am from the Winnipeg area.
Desperate doesnt begin to cover it. Whatever your problems, and we certainly wont try to minimize them, they are nothing compared to the world of hurt you'll enter if you do stupid things like offer complete strangers money to help you do illegal things ... ..There should be something in your genetic code that alerts you to the fact that you're doing something extremely stupid and wrong. So we're clear, the offer was in Canadian dollars and not American, right? — Emmanuel Goldstein
When two people live in one place, their individual habits get amplified.
For example: I'm not lazy. But I don't like to move a whole lot. I mean, if I am doing something, I'll do it. I'm as active as the next guy. But if I'm sitting, I don't like to get up. Even if I'm facing the wrong way.
If I'm talking to someone whose chair isn't quite facing me, I'll talk to the side of their head. If I sit down and realize the TV is angled wrong, I won't get up to adjust. I'll watch it like that. I'll sit there and wait til someone walks by and ask them to move the TV. — Paul Reiser
I've always loved independent women, outspoken women, eccentric women, funny women, flawed women. When someone says about a woman, 'I'm sorry, that's just wrong,' I tend to think she must be doing something right. — Diane Keaton
I am only interested in painting the actual person, in doing a painting of them, not in using them to some ulterior end of art. For me, to use someone doing something not native to them would be wrong. — Lucian Freud
You know ... it always seems obvious to outsiders when someone is doing something wrong, but when your mind is in the midst of evil, it is easy to be manipulated by crueller instincts. — Cassandra Kemper
Is it okay to do something wrong if you're doing it to protect someone who deserves to be helped?"
"That's an odd question Is there anything you need to tell me?"
but I think sometimes you have to tell a white lie,. It's like when Grandma and Grandpa were here for the funeral. They didn't say a word about Grandpa being sick. They tried to protect us because they knew we had enough to deal with. I wondered if you thought they did the right thing by not telling us."
Her mother let out a soft sigh. "You're right. We call it a white lie. We do that to protect the ones we love. I used to think it was totally wrong no matter what the reasoning was. Now I think I've changed my mind a bit."
"No," Ele said, — Peggy M. McAloon
All walks should help the leader learn what is really happening and at the same time focus on helping people to maintain their dignity. This can only happen if the leaders create a safe place to have a conversation, and they show respect to the people they encounter along the way. Why would anyone openly discuss problems in their work area if he or she will be embarrassed once workplace issues are revealed, or if the walker looks as if he or she is trying to catch someone doing something wrong? — Michael Bremer
I'm a firm believer that most people who do great things are doing them for the first time. Returning to my theory of hiring, I'd rather have someone all fired up to do something for the first time than someone who's done it before and isn't that excited to do it again. You rarely go wrong giving someone who is high potential the shot. — Marc Andreessen
I'm an ice sculptor. Last night I made a cube."
Author: Mitch Hedberg
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Every Time I Turn Around - Diluent Pipe Reversals to Help Alberta's Crude Takeaway?
Rocky Mountain High? Part 2 - Niobrara Crude Production Growth and Takeaway Pipelines
Crude oil production in the Niobrara region in northeastern Colorado and eastern Wyoming has quadrupled since the start of the 2010s, and now tops 600 Mb/d. Fortunately for producers in the Niobrara’s Denver-Julesburg (D-J) Basin and Powder River Basin (PRB), midstream companies not only developed enough new pipeline takeaway capacity to transport all those incremental barrels, they overbuilt. As a result, the region — unlike the Permian and Western Canada — currently has no crude-oil pipeline constraints, something that makes the Niobrara even more attractive to producers. But part of a pipeline system now moving crude out of the D-J is being repurposed to carry NGLs instead, and with D-J and PRB crude production still rising, you’ve got to wonder, is a takeaway shortfall on the horizon? Today, we continue our series on the Rockies’ premier hydrocarbon production area and the infrastructure needed to serve it, this time focusing on crude oil.
This is the second blog in our series on Niobrara production and infrastructure. In Part 1, we said that crude production in the D-J Basin and PRB took off during the Shale Era, soaring from less than 140 Mb/d in January 2010 to a peak of nearly 500 Mb/d in April 2015. With the 2014-15 oil price crash, though, drilling activity in the D-J Basin and PRB declined and Niobrara crude production sagged — much like it did just about everywhere else in the U.S. (except the Permian). By January 2017, the play’s oil output was down 19% from its apex, at just above 400 Mb/d. Since then, though, it’s been on a tear — up to 620 Mb/d as of October (a 54% gain since the beginning of last year).
Natural gas and NGL production in the Niobrara is up too, to the point that there’s a scramble on to develop new gathering systems, gas processing plants as well as gas and NGL pipeline capacity. Optimism about continued growth in the region is driven in part by a number of exploration and production companies (E&Ps) — EOG Resources, Chesapeake Energy, Anadarko Petroleum and HighPoint Resources among them — that in recent months have been talking up their improved well productivity, their efforts to hold down or even reduce drilling and completion costs (despite inflationary pressures), and their plans for expanded drilling activity this fall and in 2019. But there’s also some angst out there among E&Ps and midstreamers alike — at least in Colorado, where voters will decide next Tuesday (November 6) whether to significantly restrict where new wells can be drilled. (Polls suggest that the vote on Proposition 112 could go either way.) Even if Prop 112 were to be approved, it wouldn’t stop drilling activity in its tracks (producers have built up a big backlog of permitted well sites), but still, isn’t the oil and gas business already uncertain enough?
To access the remainder of Rocky Mountain High? Part 2 - Niobrara Crude Production Growth and Takeaway Pipelines you must be logged as a RBN Backstage Pass™ subscriber.
Colorado (G)oil- Pipelines in Place for Niobrara/DJ Basin Growth, But Will It Come?
Bananarama in the Rockies – Niobrara Takeaway Capacity Expansions
Gimme All Your Barrels – The End of Rockies Crude Congestion
Ain't That a Shame- More Niobrara Pipeline Capacity, But Growth Prospects Are Dicey
Go D.J. – Will Niobrara Crude Production Keep Up With Pipeline Infrastructure?
Commitment- Crude Shippers Struggle With Locking in Down-the-Rockies Pipeline Space
Oklahoma Swing, Part 6- Cushing-Related Midstream Projects Belie Talk of Hub's Decline
This 'Pony' Knows More Than One Trick- More Than a Bullet Line from Rockies to Cushing
Hey Mr. D.J. Keep Playin’ That Song! – Niobrara Crude Production Takes Off
Hey Mr. D.J. Keep Playin' That Song! – Niobrara Denver-Julesburg Crude Takeaway Expansions
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Kathy Griffin's Latest Stunt Is Not a Threat of Violence Against Trump
Tasteless? Sure. Illegal? No.
Robby Soave | 5.31.2017 1:59 PM
Screenshot via Griffin / Twitter
In a recent (some would say desperate) grab for attention, infrequently funny comedian Kathy Griffin posed for photos while holding the (fake) severed head of President Trump. She has now been fired from her job of co-hosting CNN's New Year's Eve show.
Was the stunt obnoxious? Sure. Counterproductive, as far as anti-Trump statements go? Probably. An illegal threat of violence? Of course not.
But this did not stop several conservatives on Twitter—who apparently are wary of online lynch mobs only when the target is someone they find sympathetic—from demanding some kind of investigation. Katie Pavlich cc:ed the Secret Service in a tweet about Griffin. A Breitbart writer suggested the stupid stunt was "likely a crime."
It's true that threatening the president is a crime. But there's a difference between a true threat—a statement likely to be interpreted as a real, actual threat to harm the president—and hyperbole, satire, and humor. South Park character Mr. Garrison murdered Donald Trump (the president of Canada) in season 19 of the show, but this was clearly not an illegal threat of violence. HBO's Game of Thrones beheaded a George W. Bush dummy, but again, this is not direct and unambiguous enough to count as some kind of call to violence against the leader of the free world.
Similarly, Griffin's photo shoot clearly falls under protected speech. She would have had to actually threaten to kill the president, or call on other people to kill the president, in order to violate the law.
So the stunt wasn't illegal. It was tasteless, and all are welcome to condemn Griffin (who has by now apologized unconditionally) and even to demand that her employers—CNN and, um, Squatty Potty—fire her. But if you take up a pitchfork here, you may look a little foolish the next time you complain about political correctness run amok, or easily offended millennials, or safe spaces. If you care more about Trump's feelings than his very bad policies, you are the snowflake.
NEXT: Wisconsin Ordinance Would Waste Tax Dollars on Public Art
Robby Soave is an associate editor at Reason.
I think you have to be a snowflake in order to support Trump. Everything is someone else’s fault, my personal narrative is under attack, the world owes me a job and security and privilege etc. Why else would you vote for a blithering oafish man-baby?
Clinton?
Whatever one thinks of her politics, she understands very well that we need to get rid of hate speech and “satire,” and that there are usually ways of getting around the “Constitution” when we have to get the job done. Surely no one here would dare to defend the “First Amendment dissent” of a single, isolated judge in our nation’s leading criminal “parody” case? See the documentation at:
https://raphaelgolbtrial.wordpress.com/
tavey
June.1.2017 at 7:33 pm
I’m making over $7k a month working part time. I kept hearing other people tell me how much money they can make online so I decided to look into it. Well, it was all true and has totally changed my life.
This is what I do… http://www.webcash10.com
marslife66
Hank Phillips
Um… to have electricity?
Robbzilla
I sincerely doubt that the majority of the people who pulled the lever for Trump did it because they wanted the guy in office. They simply didn’t want Clinton. She’s the one person worse than Trump in modern politics, and that’s why she lost.
Hillary was so bad the only person she could beat was Trump. Unfortunately Trump was so bad the only person he could beat was Hillary.
Unfortunately Trump was so bad the only person he could beat was Hillary.
And 16 or 17 GOP primary opponents.
Good point. None of them were stellar either. Even Bland Paul, the used-to-be libertarianish kid.
C. S. P. Schofield
June.1.2017 at 8:42 am
While I loath Shrillary, I think Trump’s election has broader implications. I think the voters are so sick of the establishments of both parties that many of them were prepared to vote for whichever candidate could self-brand as an outsider. Trump could. Shrillary couldn’t and didn’t try.
Now, Trump is about as much an “Outsider” as I am Sultan of Brunai. But he branded himself as such, and that was enough to tip the election against the insider’s insider, Shrillary.
Johnimo
June.2.2017 at 10:40 pm
I agree, overall, with your analysis of the election. However, I have to say that Trump is an “outsider” on the issue of climate change. I can only hope he will become an outsider on other important issues. I hope he’ll become an outsider on income tax (corporate & individual) reform. I’d love to see a low, flat rate for the personal tax and the elimination of the corporate rate.. We can only hope he’ll become an outsider on federal involvement in education.
The February cover of Der Spiegel had almost the same picture n its cover, only of Trump holding up the severed head of the Statue of Liberty.
HenryC
Because as bad as he is, Hillary would have been worse. Still, I voted for Johnson.
I mirror your thoughts and your vote, but I’m thinking we may have to change next time. The left is going so, totally insane that Trump may actually deserve to be elected next time.
We’re libertarians, not anarchists, bruh. She should be put in a Malaysian prison for life. Trump is the best president ever, after all.
Saving you idiots the bother.
Once again, you prove that you are the dumbest person on the internet.
The entire world wide web.
The dumbest person on the internet also happens to be the most powerful person in the world.
nice one. really
most powerful person in the world.
One wonders how it got to be this way. One wonder if the lesson will be learned that… oh never mind.
Exactly. No one questions the obvious forward trajectory of big government.
They only question the other guy they don’t like. And both parties go out and fight to buy each other’s steak.
What do you want me to do about it, exactly?
*looks around nervously*
I thin… I think the same thing you want us to do about Trump.
I never started defending or liking him.
Incomprehensible Bitching
Do some of that wonderful democracy stuff.
It’s working great so far.
Okay. See what happens when we don’t let democracy pick our political leaders?
It’s only democracy when I say so!
I’m just saying, in my lifetime we’ve had two popular-vote losers ascend to the presidency, and they have successively been the worst presidents in history. That’s not a positive argument for democracy necessarily, but it certainly doesn’t put any points on the board for non-democracy.
Red Rocks Baiting n Inciting
I’m just saying, in my lifetime we’ve had two popular-vote losers ascend to the presidency, and they have successively been the worst presidents in history.
We had two before that who weren’t any great shakes, either, and yet the country managed to survive. Perhaps you should be less hysterical when you don’t get your way.
One would think that, if democracy is such a good system, then the choice of president, when whittled down to the top 2 candidates, would be a choice between best and next best.
Instead, it’s apparently a choice between best and worst.
And that says nothing about democracy, which is the best damned way to make decisions ever!
The real question is: why do democrats suck so much at losing elections to the worst people?
And despite these two popular-vote losers, the Democrats still insist that all power be piled on the presidency. You would think the Democrats would be running for the decentralists corner, but nope. It’s like they really do think that once they get one of their own back in the White House it will be permanent.
Sigh. No one expanded presidential power like Cheney and that dry drunk fray guy he palled around with. Obama without question continued expanding it. But it’s Republicans’ fault. Their entire political purpose for eight years, and I dare you to argue otherwise, was to deny him any political wins, no matter what harm it caused to the country or its people, period.
I said, over and over, that their behavior would force Obama to attempt to expand his own power where he could and that it would not be a good thing.
“Elections have consequences, and I won.”
No one expanded presidential power like Cheney and that dry drunk fray guy he palled around with.
This is right on par with Trump’s Coast Guard speech in its stunning lack of historical knowledge or perspective.
Presskh
The two popular vote-losing Presidents you mention, while definitely flawed, were separated in their terms by the most incompetent and Marxist-minded President in our history.
We had Hillary and Trump, how could anything do worse.
Chipper Morning, Now #1
How about change your heart, Tony? And realize that the One Ring must be thrown into the lava pits of Mordor, rather than given to your preferred leader?
When have I been a big proponent of expansive presidential power?
Same thing you leftists always do–stew in your own misery and try to make the rest of society pay for it.
It’s called “Idiocracy”. There’s a documentary about it by the same title. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BBvIweCIgwk See?
In other words, the problem isn’t Trump. Or Clinton. It’s the voters who are fucking morons. Face it, most people are not much smarter than their simian ancestors and would be right at home in the chimp exhibit at the zoo, screaming at the gawkers and flinging excrement. Perhaps voting should be done based on IQ points. 100 or less, you don’t vote. 100 or more, you get one vote per point above 100.
Couldn’t be worse than what we have now.
Jay Dubya
IQ scoring would become the new redistricting as those in power manipulate the system for personal or partisan gain. Meritocracy isn’t a way out of democracy’s problems, unfortunately.
Voting in federal elections should, as intended by the original framers of the constitution, be restricted to those who are responsible citizens. These days, with half of the population paying no federal taxes and being net recipients of federal spending, elections boil down to who can promise the most free stuff.
Tony|5.31.17 @ 2:21PM|#
No, shitbag, you’re actually pretty powerless.
Libertarians are closet Republican Trumpkins!
I know this because, whenever I bitch about Trump on a libertarian forum, I can find someone willing to respond!
RogerNorthup
So ‘someone’ = ‘Libertarians’? You definitely don’t belong on a site called reason, dude.
sarc meter.
Cynical Asshole
Oh, a sarcasm detector, that’s a really useful invention.
It is a variant of the Nurd-o-meter invented by Sam Hurt in Eyebeam comics published in the UT Austin campus paper, 1980s
damikesc
But this did not stop several conservatives on Twitter?who apparently are wary of online lynch mobs only when the target is someone they find sympathetic?from demanding some kind of investigation.
It’s called “Making them live by their own rules”.
It’s a necessary condition.
Crusty Juggler aka "Chad"
Please stop bolding everything; italics are far easier to read.
I bold what I am replying to. I find italics not terribly good for that.
We use blockquote for that. You are free to bold, but people will start accussing you of being a bully.
You’re thinking of Michael Hihn.
Hihndeed.
Subpoena'd Woodchipper
He will also tell you why he is more libertarian than you or I. He’s a walking libertarian purist meter, in his own mind
Please note I feel bullied AND appropriated for being made to do this.
“But this did not stop several conservatives on Twitter?who apparently are wary of online lynch mobs only when the target is someone they find sympathetic?from demanding some kind of investigation”
Citation needed or link. I didn’t see any of that. Nor have I read any demand for her ousting from Daily Caller, Hot Air, or the American Conservative (which didn’t even mention the incident).
Your perspective is right that what Griffin did was just silly and dumb. But, don’t start playing the “see they did it too” without any evidence to back that up.
Fascist loofa-faced shitgibbon
Every time Suave trots out his “conservatives are snowflakes too”, he looks like such a dumbass.
BYODB
That’s because he is, in fact, a dumb ass. He doesn’t actually fact check his own articles. One of these days he’s going to end up working for Rolling Stone, methinks, or at least that’s gotta be a life goal for him.
Look, three dumbasses all lined up in a row, like a yokel matrioshka doll. The smallest one is soooo cute.
It’s dumasses all the way down…
Cloudbuster
He’ll be searching for that exclusive interview with Haven Monahan.
Team politics are all about each side constantly whining about the other side.
Are not. Shut up
I’m so much better than you.
I know you are, but what am I?
Nick W B
I take it you aren’t on Twitter.
Clearly not. Willful ignorance is a helluva drug.
I read her diatribe and it seemed like she was calling for others to do violence to him so that would be inciting violence. i can’t find the link now since all about the apology
HBO’s Game of Thrones beheaded a George W. Bush dummy
Admittedly, I only recently got into the show and am on my 3rd replay of the series, but somehow I missed that. The first episode didn’t even air until midway through Obama’s first term.
One of the heads on the spikes near where Ned’s head was parked at the Red Keep was apparently from a Bush dummy. They had to apologize for that too.
They didn’t behead a Bush dummy, they had replica of his head on a pike that was facing away from the camera at about 95 degrees. Robby is just used to reporting things based on second hand information.
Full disclosure time, I watch TV with my ears mostly, until the subtitles force me to turn my head.
Working in props has got to be tough. “Ok, for this shot, we’ve got heads on pikes….” “Fuck man, we’ve got plenty of full bodies, but we don’t have a pile of just heads lying around….alright, scrounge up anything we can decapitate, we don’t have the time or money to fabricate these heads, CHOP CHOP PEOPLE.” *everybody in the meeting groans at the pun*
Azathoth!!
most prop houses have tons of heads lying around. Effects places make them as a matter of routine.
I’ve got nine standard, about six ‘effect’ heads(vampire, zombie, mummy), and dozens of styro heads.
‘Cos Knowledge is Power!!!
NO SPOILERS
grrizzly
Poor Robby. CNN has just fired her.
Once again, this is mostly backlash to the ridiculous way Obama was coddled by the press for 8 years. It is retribution for the rodeo clown that got fired for wearing an Obama mask. I don’t even blame Obama or the Democrats for it. I blame the press. The anger and outrage is mostly over the double standards and hypocrisy, something Robby still isn’t getting about right-wing outrage, which (for the most part) is a completely different beast than the more earnest but misplaced SJW/left-wing outrage
Robby doesn’t want to get it, he is on the other side.
The conservatives won’t let him use the ladies room.
Isn’t Robbie supposed to be on sabbatical writing some stupid book on progressive millennial snowflakes like himself so he can collect an advance form some right wing publisher?
When is your book about man-rooster love coming out? You’ve been working on it like forever, SIV.
“There’s no use in being the better man, after all. Two wrongs make a right. We’re titty babies who are still blaming Obama for everything including our own blatant hypocrisy.”
I don’t deny that it is stupid and I wish people were more principled, but I understand the anger.
I’m still blaming the Russians for democrats’ problems!
Social Justice is neither
Only a moron refuses to fight back when others take to pummeling your face.
Says the advocate of a group who proclaims tolerance as their highest ideal and they demonstrate that by silencing all dissenting voices they possibly can.
So, please, tell me more about the hypocrisy.
June.1.2017 at 11:28 am
First tell me who I have called on to be silenced.
Also, what could be phrased as “right wing outrage’ is a far more sober look at the hilarious hypocrisy and moronic lunacy of the left’s daily explosions of fury over pointless shit.
Those of us who are paying attention know that all of this stuff is nothing more than welcome distraction from what both parties are doing.
Every story should have the sub-heading – $20 trillion in debt, FED creates more chaos, endless war, cronyism, and both parties are the same.
And tony, and palin, and Trudy, and micheal hihn are unhinged twitching dipshits.
What daily explosions? The left is freaking out over Trump’s idiocy and horrible policy while you guys whine about some stranger in another state using a bathroom you don’t approve of.
I think the issue was about a stranger in another state being forced to accommodate out of their own pocket and on their own property, as a matter of law, the mental illness of a ridiculously small proportion of the population. But I know you would rather mischaracterize your opponents arguments because you find it easier to debate with lies.
What’s this we stuff. They just want the rabbit.
You really do not listen much to the people or articles on this website. It’s remarkable that you have not grasped one idea yet.
The articles have been largely fine lately, in my opinion. Bailey could stop being such a cowering tool, but in general Reason is doing what it’s supposed to do: realize that Obama and the left aren’t in power anymore, and so aren’t really the problem right now.
He’s either peak stupid, or he’s just a run of the mill stupid liar. And as we all know, there is no peak stupid.
“The left is freaking out over Trump’s idiocy and horrible policy…”
Tell the left to suck it up; you lost, loser.
I guess “IT’S THE LAW!!!” is no longer an acceptable retort to criticism of asinine policy.
Jesse Walker
The anger and outrage is mostly over the double standards and hypocrisy
Nah, we went through all this under Bush too.
dantheserene
cbk-
The rodeo clown purge was particularly strange, since the same guy had been wearing a Bush mask during Bush’s presidency and no one cared.
they call that a Reverse Daily Show on the rodeo circuit.
It is retribution for the rodeo clown that got fired for wearing an Obama mask.
I don’t think they get this. You can’t even poke fun in the lightest way at anything the leftists(and yes, I am including the staff and writers of reason in this) like without them throwing a shit-fit.
Sometimes for weeks.
But the second some non-leftist(and yes, I am excluding the staff and writers of reason from this) points out that leftists feel free to make the most egregious jokes and statements and images regarding the right by pointing out yet another severed head fantasy, the left plays the ‘you’re being PC, too’ act.
No. They’re not. They’re pointing out that you(and yes, I am including the staff and writers of reason in this) are doing something you go apoplectic–to the point of people losing their jobs or going to jail– over if it’s done to you.
yes, this is because to leftists everything is a power game for control. They actually don’t give a shit about if something is offensive, etc, it’s only a way to control you.
Obama is good because he supports good things, so you can’t make fun of him at all.
Trump is bad so anything goes with Trump.
No contradiction in principles there. Or as the resident idiot, tony, would say on why you can’t make fun of Obama:
“Obama was cool and he didn’t make many mistakes”
God damn it I thought you were taking leave from Reason.
Robby took leave of his reason long ago.
Haha. A burn so savage it could claim liberalism is a mental disorder.
This would be an excellent time for the loser morons on the right to not act like the loser morons on the left.
Sticks and stone american pussies!.
And she has never been funny anyway.
I’ve seen her stand up show a few times, and she is good, but her niche is kind of exclusively “the gays.”
She is among the more prominent comedians who push the envelope deliberately, which is to say she is an ally for anyone who hates political correctness.
Except when she was on Seinfeld she was completely unfunny and annoying and that shtick is the only game she’s got. Never once funny.
In fact could be argued that she is still riding the coattails of those few appearances.
Point being that she is no funnier than Saturday night live because she does the same obvious bitter political comedy that has never been funny. except of course to the sheep chorus that laps up everything they are told.
She does celebrity gossip stuff and hardly any politics in her routine. You don’t know what you’re talking about.
I don’t know anything about her because I am smart enough to not watch her.
She is not funny and she is fucking ugly too.
I believe she has a smallish, but very dedicated, fanbase.
Oh Crusty, no reason to be so self-depracating about your penis.
“I’ve seen her stand up show a few times, and she is good”
The clearest insight into Tony’s mental problems right there.
Inigo Montoya
I used to watch that show, “News Radio.” That’s the only thing I know her from. It had a great ensemble cast: Phil Hartman, Dave Foley, and Joe Rogan among others. The radio station owner, who would appear occasionally, was played by the great Stephen Root.
As I recall, both Cathy and Andy Dick played characters who were so annoying they were funny. In other words, it probably didn’t require a huge stretch for either of them.
The show went off the air back in the 90s (possibly when Phil Hartman died, I’m not sure if that was the reason). This is the first of heard of her since then.
Ah, a common mistake. Vicki Lewis was on Newsradio, while Kathy Griffin was in the far inferior office comedy Suddenly Susan.
It was Vicki Lewis who played the redhead on that show. My mistake.
You owe Vicki Lewis an apology.
As I recall, both Cathy and Andy Dick played characters who were so annoying they were funny.
And all this time I thought I was seeing double when watching that show.
Jerryskids
something something sauce something something gander. Stop playing by self-imposed rules – had somebody posed with the severed head of Obama you know damn well it’d be the worstest thing ever, there’d by marches and boycotts and demands being made, all of it covered 24/7 by an approving media. I say we go burn down whatever university Griffin attended or last appeared at or had anybody speak a word of defense on her behalf. Or loot a liquor store at least. To hell with reason and logic and principles, that’s the oppressive tools of the racist, sexist, heteronormative Western patriarchy which must be smashed.
Why is it when the right does something, that too is the left’s fault?
Is that a response to anything he actually wrote?
Hey, when you’re calling for going Attila the Hun on everybody’s asses they’re all “the left”.
EscherEnigma
Seriously? Obama was hung in effigy multiple times during his presidency. And as you’re demonstrating, outage didn’t last.
I’m glad you brought that up, because I was about to say something about that too. It seems like the key difference in coverage is celebrity status, and maybe part of what causes some conservatives (not all, but at least some of the younger ones in my news feed) to go a little overboard on the outrage is that conservatives don’t really have many celebrities with a lot of exposure that will speak up for them. I mean, I know Griffin has a smaller platform than most, but Democrats have pretty much everyone in Hollywood backing them. Conservatives have… that guy from Duck Dynasty? That was the only celebrity I could remember off the top of my head who spoke out against Obama while he was office, and I think a lot of conservatives feel “punched down” on by celebrities.
Conservatives have… that guy from Duck Dynasty?
What’s Ted Nugent, chopped liver?
Harun
http://content.usatoday.com/co…..S9RtLpFx7U
He was fired, of course.
Tak Kak
“But if you take up a pitchfork here, you may look a little foolish the next time you complain about political correctness run amok, or easily offended millennials, or safe spaces. If you care more about Trump’s feelings than his very bad policies, you are the snowflake.”
They’re fully aware, from what I can tell most aren’t even shocked by the image. The complaining about political correctness really hasn’t worked so instead of continuing to play defense they’re going on the attack. May as well play the game.
Exactly – “looking foolish” only matters if you give a shit about double standards, hypocrisy, consistency, i.e., if you’re actually making a principled argument rather than an opportunistic attack. And “snowflakes” are anything but, they’re cry-bullies who play at being offended as an excuse to claim their unprovoked attacks are self-defense. They pretend they’ve got principles, we pretend we have principles.
It’s a shame this is now the playing field but calling out hypocrisy while constantly being a noble loser won’t change anything in your favor.
BearOdinson
So I can’t link to the Twitter feeds from work. The article from Fox News is mostly about the Trump family saying that Griffin should be ashamed of herself. So what. I am sure EVERY POTUS’ family would say the same thing in the same situation.
Certainly if there are plenty of conservatives calling this a crime or whatever, then they are snowflakes. Agreed.
But, I guess I really haven’t seen it yet.
To be sure, Robby likes to use tu quoque arguments where they don’t apply to give cover to his friends on the left.
MikeP2
It’s not a crime, but it is a big step closer to a crime then we’ve seen in the main stream political discourse. Griffin is no A-lister, but she is a well known name in media.
At some point, edgy comedy based around hatred of a political figure morphs into sedition. All it takes is an audience to start chanting and the ‘comedian’ to shout “who’s going to step up?”. yeh…a laugh riot that.
What we all should recognize by now is that some people have utter lost their shit over politics, and that deep inside, they want to see an assassination or coup. Kathy, in her desperation to be relevant, is trying to feed on that.. Revolutions feed at the exact same well, which is why it’s been a crime for a very long time to openingly talk about assassination and such.
It’s like one of the golden rules of firearms handling. ‘treat every weapon as if it was loading and don’t point it at something you don’t intend to shoot’. could be readily modified to ‘don’t play around with assassination and sedition unless you are serious’
Revolutions usually have more charismatic leaders.
How do you feel about Trump’s routine hinting that his dumbfuck mobs should maybe consider murdering the members of the press who are in the room?
as a hypothetical, since that never happened? Sure. it would be a crime because inciting violence is something society has deemed unacceptable.
While I recognize you are so steeped in partisan passions that speaking logically is pointless, I can’t help but attempt to point out that inciting violence against individual citizens is an entirely different beast then inciting political violence. The former is individual, with a narrow range of victims. The latter affects a huge number of fellow citizens who participated in the election. Sedition is essentially a crime against 62million people. Some of the most bloody parts of history have resulted from comparable minor acts that got up in the face of too many fellow citizens. All of us can darn well imagine what would happen if this crap got out of hand, and Griffin should friggin know better then to play stupid childish games around such a topic.
As I said, it’s not a crime. But its darn closer to a crime then we’ve seen recently.
He’s only president because the US’s no. 1 foreign adversary had moles up and down his campaign and interfered with the election to help him win, so let’s just throw the word “sedition” around when talking about obvious satire, why don’t we?
He’s an actual fascist who hates the constitution and was installed by a foreign power. He’s lucky we live in a more civilized time than the 40s.
He’s only president because the US’s no. 1 foreign adversary had moles up and down his campaign
Since when has the left ever been pissed off about Russian spying? Oh, right, when Her Inevitability was wanting to start World War III with them.
He’s an actual fascist who hates the constitution and was installed by a foreign power.
Heaven forbid.
$park? leftist poser
He’s an actual fascist who hates the constitution and was installed by a foreign power. He’s lucky we live in a more civilized time than the 40s
Come on now. Even you can’t possibly actually believe that.
We can debate the word “installed.”
Even you can’t possibly actually believe that.
Ye of little faith.
Your tin foil hat is showing….
Don’t go full Alex Jones on us, your “commentary”, while colorful and completely off the rails, is entertaining.
Why do you come here exactly? I mean, it can’t be for the constructive banter
“routine hinting”
What we all should recognize by now is that some people have utter lost their shit over politics, and that deep inside, they want to see an assassination or coup.
Followed by French Revolution 2.0. Only this time with 30% more guillotines.
Robby, you promised you were going away for 3 months. Liar.
Who is she, again?
Just kidding, but in her younger days of (almost) glory I doubt she would have apologized. It’s sad to see comedians buckle under the weight of public opinion, but then again I suppose that’s how you stay employed when you’re past your prime.
Nice try, Kathy, a swing and a miss.
I’m guessing Griffin is of the school that believes, any press is good press.
You should never apologize for a joke because by definition it is a joke and not serious. If you are offended that is on YOU, not the comedian.
Having said that though, hoe is this possibly a “joke”? It was only called a joke after the fact. This was a smug leftist attack just like all the other crap celebrities pull. Sargon summed it up well:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=svOIZ0L_-pE
I haven’t seen it but I can only imagine it’s funny in the same way that Samantha Bee is funny: i.e. not in the least.
Of course this offensive abomination is plastered atop Drudge. Why won’t Drudge think of poor Barron!
I?ve never heard of the gal, but this strikes me as much ado about nothing. Neither did I understand the reference to the Southpark thing (I don’t watch the telescreens). I was under the impression that native-born Ted Cruz was president of Canada. Wot gives?
Jevioso
Yep, just another example of conservatives emulating radical leftists.
That’s the way it goes: leftists find some new way of corrupting common sense and reason, conservatives say, “Hmmm, we want to do that too” and voila, parcels of liberty are flushed down the totalitarian drain.
Wait a minute… Griffin was fired from CNN, why… why was she working for CNN?
New Years Eve, the most important news story of any year.
Theory: thanks to this kerfuffle, her employment at CNN was brought to the attention of a CNN executive who asked that very question.
I like this theory because it’s the funniest.
LoneWaco
it’s not that it’s Trump’s head. it’s that we live in a world where this actually happens regularly now. it’s disrespectful to those that have been brutally murdered that way to mock it, to make it a joke.
it would be like using skeletal survivors of Auschwitz in a joke in 1946. there is nothing fucking funny about it.
Holocaust jokes are the best.
driving down south, passing Harris Ranch. It’s like a cow death camp…… you could almost call it “Cowschwitz”.
Prepare to go to hell because you laughed at that.
I couldn’t care less about Trump’s feelings, but you are complaining about people complaining about Kathy Griffin’s stupid joke. No one is discussing his policies, including you, so what is the difference?
No one is discussing his policies, including you, so what is the difference?
This. If Trump was smart, he’d take this opportunity to sign a bunch of Executive Orders while everyone is distracted by Kathie Griffin’s idiocy.
Robby, you’re the best. Seriously. It’s funny to see all the retards hate you.
MikeT1986
I wonder if they realize they’re wind up dolls for his amusement?
He is the Alpha Troll of Reason.
Alpha Troll, but Beta Male
Bubba Jones
I don’t have a problem with hanging politicians in effigy, or just their heads.
This seems like a very traditional form of protest.
The irony is when it comes from rich people.
I get why CNN fired her. They don’t want her distracting from their NYE ratings. But let’s be serious. How many Trump supporters are going to watch CNN on NYE when Fox News has their own program? Who would you rather have on the TV? Kathy Griffin or any of the usual Fox News babes?
From what I could see on the Today show, there were plenty of people normally on her side saying she went way too far. Mostly because of how realistic it was, not necessarily because of what it was. I can’t blame CNN for booting her.
Yeah, it was wayyy too gory. Just looking at it made me feel physically sick.
“From what I could see on the Today show” – are you a sadist? Why would you do that to yourself?
Kathy Griffin. There’s an internet for looking at babes with nothing interesting or funny to say.
fiyoloc
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TrickyVic (old school)
Remember all that brew haha over a rodeo clown wearing an Obama mask?
I guess Griffin is trying to out do him.
Hank Williams Jr. was fired for comparing Obama to Hitler.
Now…any celebrities compare Trump to Hitler yet?
Will they be fired?
The key with standards is they have to be applied to both sides. Otherwise, expect one side to weaponize and thus chill free speech. That’s the argument for taking scalps. (See Ace of Spades on this.)
LifeStrategies
Hitler was the elected head of the Nazi party whose full name is NAtional soZIalistische deutsche arbeiter partei – which literally translates from German as the National Socialist German Workers’ Party.
Socialists hate the fact that the Nazi party was a National Socialist party with the same strong gun control agenda, the same strong social programs, the same government control of education, the same government control of the economy, and the same emphasis on government jobs and worker’s rights as modern socialists.
There’s also the same Nazi brownshirt violence against those who refuse to follow their left-wing agenda (history calls it brownshirt violence because they dressed in brownshirts to easily identify attackers from their victims, today they’re masked and dress in black but still violent).
How is much if any of this clearly distinguishable from Obama and Democratic policies?
Democrats along with Socialists frequently try to rewrite history by referring to Nazi as right-wing whereas in truth Nazi is actually left-wing and socialist.
I’m not aware of anyone from the reputable side of the right calling for a Griffin to be prosecuted. Breitbart is obviously going to be upset, but one of their writers opining that this “might” be a crime is not one the level of leftist mobs.
There’s a difference “picking up a pitchfork” over a truly offensive stunt and snowflakes getting upset at white people selling copycat Mexican burritos. Obama was behind plenty of bad policies but I would be horrified at seeing any mainstream conservative figure holding up a disfigured dummy head of Barack Obama, a pose that clearly mimics ISIS holding up severed heads of their victims. Yes, I would very much care about his “feelings” as well as his family’s. Robby should probably reconsider the last line of the article.
Yeah, I’m aware of rodeo clowns, Ted Nugent, and burning Obama effigies. There are Trump pinatas and effigies too. But this is on another level – the libs would condemn “art” depicting graphic rape of the Obama kids more vociferously than a rodeo clown wearing a George Bush mask.
??????Oupto I looked at the paycheck saying $9861 , I accept that my father in law was like they say trully bringing in money in their spare time online. . there best friend haz done this less than 8 months and a short time ago repayed the dept on there appartment and bourt a great Citro?n 2CV . see at this site
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While, unlike others, I freely admit that I find value in shows of judging others by their own supposed standards, when will people learn to ignore this kind of thing? Is vying for the title of Most Outraged really worth this much of your social media time?
And speaking of value, hasn’t President Trump devalued the office yet? How long is this going to take?
When there are real problems in the world that nobody wants to deal with, ridiculous shit must be manufactured to generate outrage.
I don’t care if Griffin or anybody else insults politicians. Politicians are scum. But the Left likes to go on and on about how superior they are, morally, intellectually, artistically. This little episode (and little it is, or should be) does nothing to convince me that they are one bit better than those they look down on. Shit, a fifth-grader could have thought this stunt up.
“But the left…”
Just shut the fuck up. You people are so stupid it’s painful. Nobody on “the left” has any power in this country any more. You people are autistic with this crap. No remotely intelligent person could stand to listen to or watch whatever fat propagandists you get this mindless zombie nonsense from for more than 5 minutes.
Great way to prove his point.
The point being “I’m a whiny little bitch who blames everything on anonymous leftists because a fat man on teevee told me to”?
As opposed to, “I’m a whiny little bitch who blames everything on anonymous rightists because a cable teevee host told me to”?
I blame everything on Republicans only because they are actually responsible for all the problems in the country.
What was that you said about valuing facts over dogmatic certainty? LOL
it’s fucking 3 comments down, and he still doesn’t get it.
An opinion based on observation alone.
I blame everything on Republicans only because they are actually responsible for all the problems in the country
You misspelled, “my persistent daddy issues.”
My daddy’s fairly apolitical. He likes to hang out on his boat and chill mostly.
Uh no.
“But the Left likes to go on and on about how superior they are, morally, intellectually, artistically”
The point being that YOU are a lying pile of shit.
LOL, they talk just like you do. “You people”…you’re so outraged I dare to speak this way to my betters!
Come on, for fuck’s sake. Griffin is not only one of you good sensitive progressives but also a professional comedienne. This is her best shot? A novice would be fucking embarrassed.
Your smugness would be a bit more tolerable if you had something to back it up with.
I don’t think she claimed this was her “best shot,” and in fact apologized profusely for it. Which is a shame, because I admire Ms. Griffin largely because she is an enemy of political correctness.
But you’re too fucking brain-pickled and tribal to care about anything other than the fact that she doesn’t vote for Republicans.
Swing and a miss! You’re too fucking brain-pickled and tribal to understand that somebody who doesn’t worship Hillary Clinton is not necessarily a Republican.
My only point–which you’re doing your damnedest to dodge–is that a group of people who have crowned themselves my superiors aren’t superior to the lint in my navel.
We’re superior primarily because we value facts above dogmatic certainty, while you don’t.
If you ever actually demonstrate that I’ll seriously consider it. But lately junk like this Griffin stunt is all I see.
You’re a lying pile of shit.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KpGO2VTksIw
Domestic Dissident
Krugscum, you aren’t even superior to a plateful of mushy peas.
I guess part of my problem, too, is my age. I can remember when comics lambasted Reagan in the ’80s. I laughed my ass off…and I was a Republican back then! Why? Because it was good comedy. It was seriously goddamn funny. Nowadays…just pathetic.
I just wanted The Daily Show to actually rip on Obama like they did Bush. I thought it was hilarious when they were making ‘bush is stupid’ jokes in 07.
But, like the onion, 08 happened, and the next few years of political comedy continued to be pointed at republicans. Didn’t offend me, I came from the left. It saddened me, because I realized that it wasn’t comedy.
Every time they tried it felt painfully forced. He was very difficult to make fun of because he was cool and didn’t make many mistakes.
ARE YOU FUCKING KIDDING ME
tgrondo
“Obama was cool and he didn’t make many mistakes”???
Obama wasn’t cool….he was a dumb-shit politician…. like all other politicians!!!
I get it, you’re a big fan…But…..Holy Crap man….Get a grip!!!!
Ms. Griffin is not only against PC she is a jerk. She has always been a jerk. I have never liked her act and am glad to see her go. Still, she had every right to do what she did and be a jerk. I would not hire her though. Bill Maher is not politically correct, but he is not a jerk.(or only rarely one).
“Nobody on “the left” has any power in this country any more.”
Progressive white males pretty much run finance, information, and entertainment of the nation. They just don’t have a rep in the white house.
GiveMeLibertyOrHandouts
(t)reason.com supporting this very, very obvious assassin. SAD!
Calling Reason “(T)reason” is one of the most retarded insults I have ever heard. I think it comes from the confused mind of Lew Rockwell or one of his lackeys. As if that is supposed to be an insult to a libertarian? Treason is a statist concept and as Trump’s election has shown us, the LRC crowd are statists at heart.
If you took away their retarded insults, they’d have nothing left.
Hey, I have a serious question. Did Griffin appropriate Islam with this stunt? Discuss.
I think she has appropriated one of the letters in lgbtqricn.
She is one disagreeable looking skank.
Darth Soros
I thought at first that Trump could retaliate with a photo of him holding a mock-up of Griffin’s severed, bloody head. But who’d believe it? What would Trump want with something that empty and ugly? Maybe use it as an umbrella stand, I guess.
Yesterday no one knew who Kathy Griffin was.
Today she’s the darling of the left that people can’t stop talking about.
NoVaNick
I must admit that I confused her with Kathy Lee Gifford for a second…but yeah, she’s a B-list proggie celeb.
Nah, I knew who she was from her past life as an actress in a decent TV show. News Radio was solid.
The only thing more retarded than this prank is the prankster.
Conservatives calling for criminal charges are stupid.
Breitbart is not an appropriate example to use in leveling charges of stupidity and snowflak-ism against all conservatives. It is just Salon except red.
EVERY SINGLE THING that happens these days is an excuse to talk about how morally bankrupt the left or the right is. Can we get back to a bit of individualism, please?
Actual takeaways from this:
1) Kathy Griffin did something extremely crude and tacky, and any private citizen who wants to stop associating with her can do so.
2) You and I should probably not pose with the severed head of the president.
3) There are actual things that affect our lives going on while this happens, like a healthcare debate, confirmation of a circuit court judge, and overly strict crackdowns on random things peripheral to the child sexual abuse world, and society is essentially ignoring them because dumb blind outrage over some famous name sells better.
3) There are actual things that affect our lives going on while this happens,
Yeah-but those other things are sooo boring/sarc
Are they really calling for charges?
Or are they following the NAACP who wanted a DOJ investigation of a rodeo clown?
If you care more about Trump’s feelings than his very bad policies, you are the snowflake.
It’s snowflakes all the way down anymore. Everyone’s butthurt and perpetually offended by something, why should conservatives be any different?
And it’s not like it’s anything new.
I think it’s mostly people pretending to be snowflakes for dramatic effect. But it is to be expected.
Actually Trump’s policies are no were near as bad as his statements. He would not be too bad if he kept his mouth shut more.
Jesus Christ, people. This is the thread that gets ~200 comments? You make me sad.
Of course. Tony’s upthread flinging his special brand of shit all over the thread, and people just can’t help but to respond to it.
Take out the Tulpas and it won’t break 120.
Procyon Rotor
“Nobody on ‘the left’ has any power in this country any more.”
This might be the dumbest thing I’ve ever heard from you Tony, and that is a mighty high bar to clear.
I don’t know, he’s in rare form today. Just from this thread alone:
I’m just saying, in my lifetime we’ve had two popular-vote losers ascend to the presidency, and they have successively been the worst presidents in history. …
And the cherry on top of the derp sundae:
We’re [progtards] superior primarily because we value facts above dogmatic certainty, while you don’t.
Not a Libertarian
But is everything that is posted under this Tony! Toni! Ton?! character’s handle to be taken at face value?
Not suggesting that the guy or gal is totally fake
But I sometimes that y’all take turns posting under that handle just to argue.
Why would any sane person log onto a website (with which they disagree philosophically) simply to be called a dumb-fuck over and over again?
“But I sometimes _think_ that y’all take turns posting under that handle just to argue.”
He President because Hillary was a terrible candidate. Yes she won the popular vote, but we live in a Republic, not a democracy, and Trump won the republic.
John B. Egan
I don’t get the absurd overreaction to what was a political statement. She held up Donald’s head which was bleeding from every pore. This was just her way of emphasizing his disgusting public statement about Megyn Kelly, which he has never apologized for: “You could see there was blood coming out of her eyes. Blood coming out of her wherever,”.. At what point is it OK for a presidential candidate to say that and nobody can call him out for his BS later?
Agreed — It’s an effete shtick bordering on vaudeville.
However, it’s a cool horror prop!
Quells diuche?
Douche…dames auto spell
Hank Williams Jr. lost a gig because he compared Obama to Hitler.
So…anyone famous compare Trump to Hitler yet?
A lot of famous people. Since they haven’t been fired, it probably means Trumps’ America is less Hitlerian than Obama’s America. Ironic.
ToCa81
Dumped by squatty potty. That’s pretty shitty.
It’s political Grand Guignol.
Like the barf-inducing Naked Trump imagery that you see everywhere, the Decapitated Trump is now overdone and too predictable.
Yeah, when I think ‘danger’ I don’t think of a Hollywood faghag….sheesh.
Skeebo
What it wasn’t was funny. Then again, she never really was.
Agreed. I read this as a publicity stunt and possibly (granting more sagacity than she likely deserves) an attempt to make the far right look silly as they go crazy over it. I don’t believe it’s anything but noise with no intention of following through with any physical action.
It’s in extremely poor taste, but shouldn’t be taken as anything more than an indication of poor judgment on her part.
Suppose someone sees the picture and thinks, “That would be a good idea to actually try.” She can’t really be held responsible for someone else’s sociopathy either.
So, harm, foul, but no real danger. I’d pretty much ignore it and let her career continue to disappear.
Locris
Well Robby, then convince the folks at Reason to put any of the many available images of Obama in a noose on the next front cover.
After all, stand up for silly images, and the freedom to do so.
gicozenexe
==|||=====|||= as Mary responded I’m amazed that anyone able to get paid $4246 in one month on the internet . go now ==|||=====|||=
Crowster
Why spend any time on this? It’s nothing but a desperate publicity stunt and reacting to it simply feeds it and gives it credibility. All she’s done is potentially traded co-hosting a show that came on once a year on CNN for potential political martyrdom which might get her a year’s worth of good feelies with the Hollywood crowd and a talk show tour. It’s not as much a political statement as it is an attempt to prop up a flagging career. If people pay attention she can cry that Trump and his cronies tried to ruin her career instead of the real truth which is her career cratered about ten years ago and she can’t get a job pumping gas in Hollywood at the moment. This should go in the category of pathetic attention grab not noble political resistance.
The irony is that if you watch her previous stuff she made her career poking fun at the very people to which she is now pandering, meaning the Hollywood crowd. I wonder if they’ll hold their noses and embrace her or simply ignore it like the rest of us should?
Bacon-Magic glib reasonoid
I miss picking on you Robbo.
She shouldn’t go to jail.
Losing her livelihood for being an asshole, on the other hand, is fine with me. If nobody every wants to give this horrid person another dime to “entertain” them, that’s fine. I really have no use for her, and would love to see her end up working as a night security guard at a warehouse in Toledo or something else with no contact with the public. As long as it’s voluntary on the part of the people paying her, I have no complaints.
celeduci
??????OBentley . true that Ashley `s blurb is good… last week I got Lotus Esprit sincere getting a check for $5815 this-last/five weeks and-even more than, ten/k lass-month . without a doubt it is the easiest work I’ve ever done . I began this seven months/ago and almost immediately started earning minimum $77… per-hour . more tips here….??????? ?????____try…..every….BODY..___???????-
It seems to me that Barack Hussein Obama II had a lot of this disgusting parody done against him, but that was alright according to a lot of conservatives. In any case, it was the rise of Fox News, Rush Limbaugh et al that had begun this coarsening of the political landscape
I never saw any of the disgusting parody against Obama. I read a lot about it, but never really saw it. The worst I saw were some clown face cartoons, none with violence done to him.
Stephdumas
Youtube vlogger Tommy Sotomayor give a good rant about this and do a comparo when Michael Richards had once said the “n-word” in stage. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t2VjhTKZ3ME
And enjoy some parodies and editorial toons of Kathy Griffin mentionned on Moonbattery posted by a guy nicknamed Ted. 😉
http://moonbattery.com/?p=84730
I totally agree both that she had the right to do what she did and CNN was right to fire her for it. Just because you have the right to do something doesn’t mean there won’t be consequences.
??????O
just before I saw the paycheck which was of $9068 , I did not believe ?that?my father in law was like they say actually taking home money in there spare time on their computer. . there brothers friend haze done this for less than seven months and at present paid the loans on there apartment .. .??????? ?????____BIG?..EARN?.MONEY..___???????-
The hoary yet still popular German magazine Der Spiegel published a similar image on its cover in February. On a red background is a beefy yellow-haired Trumpish-looking gentleman with a knife in one hand and the bloody severed head of Lady Liberty in the other, captioned America First. So where’s the outrage over that? It was hand-wringingly covered in the Washington Post et alii and nobody fired the male artist Edel Rodriguez. If I were a militant feminist this would look like… discrimination–or maybe the depiction by a Tea Party YAFer or a pagan atheist desecration of the Savior.
billstewart
Kathy Griffin’s being punished for political incorrectness. Because, yes, it’s still political incorrectness when right-wing snowflakes are offended by something; they seem to think that it’s a bad habit only those liberal liberals have, and that when its *their* politics, it’s perfectly legitimate.
Charlie Hebdo–a French commie humor mag–posted the beheading cover of Des Spiegel AND a shot of former East German communist solder Angela Merkel displaying the severed head of her defeated opponent in the race for Chancellor of the Reich. No shrieks and fainting spells over that.
It is true that since the Liberal Party wrote the repeal plank the Dems copied and won 5 elections in a row mystical altruist Republicans are pissed and refer to liberals the same way Hitler did. All this does is tip their hand (as mystical bigots), prove the looters correct when they point to coercive christians and yell “fascisti”, and it makes Canadians, Australians and British subjects cringe at the ignorant abuse of their native language.
Sanjuro Tsubaki
Yes, yes. Let’s all be fair and REASONable now. Sure, she may be just another modern, progressive fearless grrrrlll comedian/harridan who stars bawling in front of the camera when it becomes clear that he has in fact crossed a line, alienated even her own addled fanbase, and possibly torpedoed her career. But she meant well. After all, Trump is a mean person and she’s a another left winger.
One comment I found elsewhere is that it LOOKS like the redhead, Der Spiegel and Charlie Hebdo are all imitating Mohammed’s Saracen Berserkers–something one would normally expect only from other religious conservatives… like Republican lawmakers.
latoyacastillo444
Stay at home mom Kelly Richards from New York after resigning from her full time job managed to average from $6000-$8000 a month from freelancing at home… This is how she done it
???USA~JOB-START
But Griffin defended her actions, tweeting: “OBVIOUSLY, I do not condone ANY violence by my fans or others to anyone, ever! I’m merely mocking the Mocker in Chief.”
But condoning violence was exactly what she did, so she’s lying. It’s not at all OBVIOUS, that she doesn’t condone violence, and she pretends she doesn’t even know that ACTIONS speak louder than WORDS. She’s only trying to refute her actions with such lies because of the backlash.
How do you condone violence? One way is to hold up a severed head, one realistic enough to disturb an 11-year old.
Does she claim ISIS is not condoning violence by holding up severed heads? No. Nobody thinks that, and America obviously doesn’t either.
No Yards Penalty
Who the hell is Kathy Griffin?
xavile
as Mary responded I’m amazed that anyone able to get paid $4246 in one month on the internet . go now ONLINE START JOB ????
Charles Hurst Author
They’ve been nothing but violent and allowed to be so. So it may be time to call to arms
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eWMy9NQ1z6E
just as Peggy answered I didnt know that a person can make $7061 in one month on the internet . read more.??Earn Fast Money ????
Praveen R.
She has every right to do what she did. But I found her silly with her crying about her career ruined. If you are going to be stupidly tone deaf, then face the PR consequences. And what is the need for her to parade Lisa Bloom a lawyer? Who was suiing her for her to need a lawyer?
But I do find it funny how Ted Nugent thinks she was out of line. Seriously?
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Oxytocin as an appetite suppressant that reduces feeding reward
Herisson, Florence
Herisson, F. (2016). Oxytocin as an appetite suppressant that reduces feeding reward (Thesis, Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)). University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand. Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/10289/10232
In the environment in which palatable and highly caloric foods are readily available, eating behavior is oftentimes not dictated by the necessity to replenish lacking energy, but rather by the pleasure of consumption. Centrally acting oxytocin (OT) is known to promote termination of feeding to protect internal milieu by preventing excessive stomach distension, hyperosmolality and ingestion of toxins. Initial evidence suggests that another possible role for OT in mechanisms governing food intake is to reduce consumption of select palatable tastants. This thesis explores the question whether OT is as an appetite suppressant that reduces feeding reward.
The first set of experiments addresses whether OT affects intake of (a) all carbohydrates, (b) only sweet carbohydrates or (c) sweet non-carbohydrate saccharin in mice. In those studies, generalized injection of a blood brain barrier penetrant OT receptor antagonist, L-368,899, significantly increased the intake of sweet (sucrose, glucose, fructose, polycose) and non-sweet (cornstarch) carbohydrates and promoted a trend approaching significance in saccharin consumption. Consumption of carbohydrate-enriched foods led to an increase in OT mRNA levels in the hypothalamus.
The second set of studies identifies the nucleus accumbens core (AcbC), a key component of the reward system, as a site that mediates anorexigenic effects of OT. Rats injected with OT directly in the AcbC showed a decreased intake of sucrose and saccharin solutions as well as of standard chow. This treatment did not cause taste aversion, hence the outcome was not due to sickness/malaise. The effects of AcbC OT on feeding could be observed only in animals offered a meal in a non-social environment. Once a social setting (devoid of direct antagonistic interactions between individuals) of a meal was introduced, AcbC OT failed to reduce feeding. AcbC levels of OT receptor transcript were affected by exposure to palatable food as well as by food deprivation.
The third and final set of studies shows that aberrant integrity of neuronal circuitry within the neuroendocrine and reward systems due to genetic deletion of connexin 36 (Cx36) gap junctions leads to dysregulation of the OT system’s functioning in the Cx36 KO mouse. This dysregulation is associated with hypersensitivity to aversive properties of foods, reduced interest in feeding for reward (palatable carbohydrates and saccharin) and abnormal ingestion of energy.
Overall, the findings suggest that OT diminishes feeding for reward, particularly the intake of palatable carbohydrates and saccharin, by acting – at least in part – via the reward system. OT appears to be part of central mechanisms that cross-link homeostasis-driven and palatability-related (i.e., flavor- and macronutrient-specific) termination of consumption.
Olszewski, Pawel K.
Waas, Joseph R.
Bird, Steve
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What are the key policies, procedures, operating practices, and core values underlying Southwest’s efforts to implement and execute its low-cost/no frills strategy?
You’ve already examined several cases from the text. Your course project will require a careful reading of Case 20— Southwest Airlines in 2010: Culture, Values, and Operating Practices,on pages C-276–C309. Southwest Airlines has become the market-share leader in domestic air travel in the United States. This quirky but scrappy airline started small and now transports more passengers from U.S. airports to U.S. destinations than any other airline. Their market symbol is (LUV). They’ve emphasized a low cost, low price, and no frills strategy that has worked well for them. In May 2011, Southwest acquired AirTran Holdings, Inc., the parent of AirTran Airways. This was a major acquisition for Southwest and presents some management challenges for its continuing success. Is it possible that Southwest will continue to achieve the success to which it’s accustomed while integrating AirTran into its organization?
Read through Case 20—Southwest Airlines in 2010: Culture, Values, and OperatingPractices,on pages C-276–C309 of your textbook. Carefully go through all chapters covered in your course and analyze the Southwest Airlines case within the frameworks available. In addition to the case material in the textbook, review the video for Case 20 available on your student portal. Because this situation is fluid, there’s no correct or incorrect answer; what’s important is your application of course materials and the process of youranalysis. Begin with a SWOT analysis, in which strengths include the firm’s market share and weaknesses include the firm’s cost trends. Feel free to review thsource of information you feel is helpful. Remember to provide citations for any material from which you quote verbatim. Your paper should provide answers to the following questions:
1. Is there anything that you find particularly impressive about Southwest Airlines? Provide at least four examples. 2. What grade would you give Southwest management for the job it has done in crafting the company’s strategy? What is it that you like or dislike about the strategy? Does Southwest have a winning strategy? Explain your answers. 3. What are the key policies, procedures, operating practices, and core values underlying Southwest’s efforts to implement and execute its low-cost/no frills strategy? 4. What are the key elements of Southwest’s culture? Is Southwest a strong-culture company? Why or why not? What problems do you foresee that Gary Kelly has in sustaining the culture now that Herb Kelleher, the company’s spiritual leader, has departed? 5. What grade would you give Southwest management for the job it has done in implementing and executing the company’s strategy? Which of Southwest’s strategy execution approaches and operating practices do you believe have been mostcrucial in accounting for the success that Southwest has enjoyed in executing its strategy? Are there any policies, procedures, and operating approaches at Southwest of which you disapprove or that aren’t working well? 6. What weaknesses or problems do you see at Southwest Airlines as of mid 2010? 7. Does the AirTran acquisition make good strategic sense for Southwest? 8. What strategic issues and problems must Gary Kelly and Southwest executives address as they proceed to close the deal with the AirTran acquisition and contemplate how best to integrate AirTran’s operations and AirTran’s employees into Southwest? 9. What recommendations would you make to Gary Kelly and Southwest executives as the company heads into the next year?
Writing Guidelines 1. Type your submission, double-spaced, in a standard print font, size 12. Use a standard document format with 1-inch margins. (Do notuse any fancy or cursive fonts.) Your paper should be written in Microsoft Word or a Wordcompatible program. 2. Include the following information at the top of your paper: a. Name and complete mailing address b. Student number c. Course title and number (Strategic Business Management, BUS 425) d. Research project number (50064100) 3. Read the assignment carefully and answer each question. 4. Be specific. Limit your submission to the questions asked and issues mentioned. 5. Proofread your work carefully. Check for correct spelling, grammar, punctuation, and capitalization.
Grading Criteria The following is a breakdown of how your project will be graded: 1. Content 80% 2. Written communication 10% 3. Format 10% Here’s a brief explanation of each of these criteria: Content The student Provides clear answers to the assigned questions Addresses the questions in complete sentences, not just simple yes or no statements presents reasonable conclusions with appropriate supporting information Supports his or her opinions by citing appropriate information using either APA or MLA format Stays focused on the assigned issues Writes in his or her own words and uses quotation marks to indicate direct quotations
Written Communication The student Answers each question in a complete paragraph that includesan introductory sentence, at least four sentences of explanation, and a concluding sentence Uses correct grammar, spelling, punctuation, and sentence structure Uses logical thinking in presenting his or her arguments Provides clear organization (for example, uses words like first, however, on the other hand, and so on, since, consequently, next, andwhen) Makes sure the paper contains no typographical errors Format The paper is double-spaced and typed in font size 12. It includes the student’s Name and complete mailing address Student number Course title and number (Strategic Business Management, BUS 425) Research project number (50064100
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DC, Movies, News
Jason Momoa Has Already Pitched Ideas For AQUAMAN 2
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I think it’s safe to say that a number of us here at Revenge of the Fans are quite excited to finally see James Wan’s Aquaman in December. While fans got a sneak peek at Atlantis in Justice League last year, the latest trailer seems to indicate that Wan has taken the ball and ran as far as he could with it in this new film. Which in turn leads to a question of its own: “Where do you go with the sequel?”
In a new interview with TotalFilm, lead actor Jason Momoa reveals that he has ideas of his own for the next film. The actor explained, “I definitely have an opinion. Even when we were shooting Aquaman, I have the opening of Aquaman 2 ready. I went in and pitched it to [producer Peter] Safran, and I pitched it to [Warner Bros. chairman] Toby Emmerich. They loved it. It’s awesome…But yeah, I have plans for Aquaman 2.”
Wan also teased his own thoughts on the prospects of a sequel, saying, “There’s definitely stories, even within the world we’ve created, that you can actually see other storylines [spinning off from] as well. There’s the Aquaman story, but then there’s the stories of the seven different kingdoms as well. I think those would be very fun to explore.”
Personally I quite admire Momoa’s approach! Speaking from my own personal experiences making short films and other indie-level projects, it’s ridiculously hard to resist that itch in your mind of wondering what the next story will be like. So I can’t help but grin while reading Momoa’s short tale of pitching the opening of Aquaman 2 to the higher ups at Warner Bros- and reading that they apparently “loved it” is also quite encouraging as well.
Be sure to join in the conversation with us down below!
SOURCE: TotalFilm via SyFy
By Jonathan Brady 0 Comments
Tags: Aquaman, Aquaman 2, Ideas, James Wan, Jason Momoa, Sequel
Jonathan Brady
ARROW Season 8 – Cast Update And First Episode Title Reveal
Greta Gerwig and Noah Baumbach To Write Margot Robbie’s BARBIE Movie
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US8232990B2 - Working with 3D objects - Google Patents
Working with 3D objects Download PDF
Nicholas V. King
Todd Benjamin
2010-01-05 Application filed by Apple Inc filed Critical Apple Inc
2010-02-17 Assigned to APPLE INC. reassignment APPLE INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: BENJAMIN, TODD, KING, NICHOLAS V.
G06T19/00—Manipulating 3D models or images for computer graphics
G06F3/048—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI]
G06F3/0487—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] using specific features provided by the input device, e.g. functions controlled by the rotation of a mouse with dual sensing arrangements, or of the nature of the input device, e.g. tap gestures based on pressure sensed by a digitiser
G06F3/0488—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] using specific features provided by the input device, e.g. functions controlled by the rotation of a mouse with dual sensing arrangements, or of the nature of the input device, e.g. tap gestures based on pressure sensed by a digitiser using a touch-screen or digitiser, e.g. input of commands through traced gestures
G06F3/04883—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] using specific features provided by the input device, e.g. functions controlled by the rotation of a mouse with dual sensing arrangements, or of the nature of the input device, e.g. tap gestures based on pressure sensed by a digitiser using a touch-screen or digitiser, e.g. input of commands through traced gestures for entering handwritten data, e.g. gestures, text
G06T17/10—Constructive solid geometry [CSG] using solid primitives, e.g. cylinders, cubes
G06F2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to G06F3/00 - G06F3/048
G06F2203/048—Indexing scheme relating to G06F3/048
G06F2203/04808—Several contacts: gestures triggering a specific function, e.g. scrolling, zooming, right-click, when the user establishes several contacts with the surface simultaneously; e.g. using several fingers or a combination of fingers and pen
G06T2219/00—Indexing scheme for manipulating 3D models or images for computer graphics
G06T2219/20—Indexing scheme for editing of 3D models
G06T2219/2016—Rotation, translation, scaling
G06T2219/2021—Shape modification
Three-dimensional objects can be generated based on two-dimensional objects. A first user input identifying a 2D object presented in a user interface can be detected, and a second user input including a 3D gesture input that includes a movement in proximity to a surface can be detected. A 3D object can be generated based on the 2D object according to the first and second user inputs, and the 3D object can be presented in the user interface.
This subject matter is generally related to working with 3D objects.
Computer assisted design (CAD) software allows users to generate and manipulate two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) objects. A user can interact with a CAD program using various peripheral input devices, such as a keyboard, a computer mouse, a trackball, a touchpad, a touch-sensitive pad, and/or a touch-sensitive display. The CAD program may provide various software tools for generating and manipulating 2D and 3D objects.
The CAD program may provide a drafting area showing 2D or 3D objects being processed by the user, and menus outside the drafting area for allowing the user to choose from various tools in generating or modifying 2D or 3D objects. For example, there may be menus for 2D object templates, 3D object templates, paint brush options, eraser options, line options, color options, texture options, options for rotating or resizing the objects, and so forth. The user may select a tool from one of the menus and use the selected tool to manipulate the 2D or 3D object.
Techniques and systems that support generating, modifying, and manipulating 3D objects using 3D gesture inputs are disclosed. For example, 3D objects can be generated based on 2D objects. A first user input identifying a 2D object presented in a user interface can be detected, and a second 3D gesture input that includes a movement in proximity to a surface can be detected. A 3D object can be generated based on the 2D object according to the first and second user inputs, and the 3D object can be presented in the user interface where the 3D object can be manipulated by the user.
Three-dimensional objects can be modified using 3D gesture inputs. For example, a 3D object shown on a touch-sensitive display can be detected, and a 3D gesture input that includes a movement of a finger or a pointing device in proximity to a surface of the touch-sensitive display can be detected. Detecting the 3D gesture input can include measuring a distance between the finger or the pointing device and a surface of the display. The 3D object can be modified according to the 3D gesture input, and the updated 3D object can be shown on the touch-sensitive display.
For example, a first user input that includes at least one of a touch input or a two-dimensional (2D) gesture input can be detected, and a 3D gesture input that includes a movement in proximity to a surface can be detected. A 3D object can be generated in a user interface based on the 3D gesture input and at least one of the touch input or 2D gesture input.
An apparatus for generating or modifying 3D objects can include a touch sensor to detect touch inputs and 2D gesture inputs that are associated with a surface, and a proximity sensor in combination with the touch sensor to detect 3D gesture inputs, each 3D gesture input including a movement in proximity to the surface. A data processor is provided to receive signals output from the touch sensor and the proximity sensor, the signals representing detected 3D gesture inputs and at least one of detected touch inputs or detected 2D gesture inputs. The data processor generates or modifies a 3D object in a user interface according to the detected 3D gesture inputs and at least one of detected touch inputs or detected 2D gesture inputs.
An apparatus for generating or modifying 3D objects can include a sensor to detect touch inputs, 2D gesture inputs that are associated with a surface, and 3D gesture inputs that include a movement perpendicular to the surface. A data processor is provided to receive signals output from the sensor, the signals representing detected 3D gesture inputs and at least one of detected touch inputs or detected 2D gesture inputs. The data processor generates or modifies a 3D object in a user interface according to the detected 3D gesture inputs and at least one of detected touch inputs or detected 2D gesture inputs.
These features allow a user to quickly and intuitively generate, modify, and manipulate 3D objects and virtual 3D environments.
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a device that is responsive to 3D gesture inputs.
FIGS. 2A and 2B show an example 3D gesture input.
FIG. 2C shows an example representation of a 3D gesture input.
FIGS. 3A to 20 show exemplary 3D gesture inputs and 3D objects that are generated or modified based on the 3D gesture inputs according to various embodiments of the invention.
FIGS. 21 to 23 are exemplary flow diagrams according to various embodiments of the invention.
FIG. 24 is a block diagram of an example hardware architecture of a device for generating, modifying, and manipulating 3D objects based on 3D gesture inputs.
FIG. 25 is a block diagram of an example network operating environment for devices for generating, modifying, and manipulating 3D objects based on 3D gesture inputs.
A device having a touch-sensitive display that enables a user to generate and manipulate 3D objects using 3D gesture inputs is disclosed. The device has touch sensors that can sense positions and movements of objects contacting a surface of the display, and proximity sensors that can sense positions and movements of objects in a three-dimensional space in the vicinity of the display surface (including movements in proximity to, but not actually touching, the display surface). The touch sensors can be sensitive to haptic and/or tactile contact with a user, and map touch positions and finger movements to predefined touch inputs and 2D gesture inputs, respectively. The proximity sensors can sense movements of a user's fingers or pointing devices in three-dimensional space, and map the movements to predefined 3D gesture inputs. In some implementations, the touch sensors and the proximity sensors can be the same sensors that detect touch, 2D, or 3D inputs depending on finger movements and positions relative to the display surface. The touch inputs, 2D gesture inputs, and 3D gesture inputs can be used by application programs to trigger events, such as applying certain transformations to objects, allowing the user to generate and manipulate 3D objects quickly and intuitively.
Referring to FIG. 1, in some implementations, device 100 can include touch-sensitive display 102 that is responsive to touch inputs, 2D gesture inputs, and 3D gesture inputs. An application program, such as a CAD program, can be executed on device 100 to enable a user to generate and manipulate 2D and 3D objects. The CAD program may provide a graphical user interface having drafting area 104 for showing the objects, and menu area 106 having user-selectable menus. Device 100 can be, for example, a computer, a tablet computer, a handheld computer, a personal digital assistant, a cellular telephone, a network appliance, a camera, a smart phone, an enhanced general packet radio service (EGPRS) mobile phone, a network base station, a media player, a navigation device, an email device, a game console, a laptop computer, or a combination of any two or more of these data processing devices or other data processing devices.
In some implementations, the user interface may include input area 108 that is logically separated from drafting area 104, in which each of areas 104 and 108 can independently receive touch and gesture inputs. Input area 108 can be any region on display 102 that is designated by the operating system or application program to be the input area. By providing input area 108, the user may input two or more multi-touch or gesture inputs at the same time. For example, the left hand may provide one gesture input in input area 108, and the right hand may provide another gesture input in drafting area 104. Some gesture inputs may require inputs from both hands, so having a separate input area 108 allows the CAD program to determine whether the movements from multiple fingers correspond to two different gesture inputs or a single gesture input. Additional input areas can be provided, for example, to enable multiple users to process objects simultaneously, with each person possibly providing multiple gestures at the same time.
In the description below, the 3D gesture inputs are described in terms of the movements of the user's fingers. The user can also provide 3D gesture inputs using other pointing devices, such as styluses, or a combination of fingers and pointing devices. For example, the user may use the left hand fingers in combination with a stylus held in the right hand to provide 3D gesture inputs.
Device 100 is intuitive to use because objects can be shown in drafting area 104, and the user can touch and manipulate the objects directly on the display (as compared to indirectly interacting with a separate touch-pad). In some implementations, the CAD program allows the user to generate 3D objects from 2D objects. For example, a user can generate a 2D object using a multi-touch input, then lift the fingers simultaneously to extrude the 2D object to form a 3D object.
The following describes examples of generating 3D objects using touch and gesture inputs. In some implementations, the operating system of device 100 may have a touch model (which may include, for example, a standard touch and gesture input dictionary) that is used by the application programs executing on device 100. Each application program may have its own touch model (which may include, for example, the application's touch and gesture input dictionary), and users may define their own touch models (which may include, for example, the users' custom touch and gesture input dictionaries). Touch and gesture inputs other than those described below can also be used.
Generating, Modifying, and Manipulating 3D Objects Using 3D Gesture Inputs
Referring to FIGS. 2A and 2B, one type of 3D gesture input can include touching display surface 118 at multiple touch points 160 and pulling up 162 the fingers for a distance. Referring to 2C, the 3D gesture input shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B will be represented by double circles 164 indicating touch points on display 102 and dashed lines 166 indicating movements of the fingers or pointing devices.
Referring to FIGS. 3A and 3B, a user can generate triangular prism 128 based on triangle 122. FIG. 3A shows a sequence of finger movements that defines a 3D gesture input for generating triangular prism 128. FIG. 3B shows graph 132 that includes triangle 122 and graph 134 that includes triangular prism 128, which the user sees on display 102. The user can generate triangle 122 by using three fingers to touch display surface 118 at three touch points 120 a, 120 b, and 120 c. The user lifts or pulls up 124 the three fingers substantially perpendicular to the surface at substantially the same time to a distance from display surface 118, and pauses 126 for at least a predetermined time (for example, one second). These movements indicate a 3D gesture input that is associated with extrusion of triangle 122, resulting in triangular prism 128 having a cross section that corresponds to triangle 122. The height H (or thickness) of triangular prism 128 is proportional to the amount of movement of the fingertips perpendicular to the surface. In some implementations, an application program (e.g., a CAD program) can configure a touch model in the system to that 3D gestures can be detected. The touch model can have an Application Programming Interface (API) that can be used by the application to receive 2D or 3D touch events and use those touch events to perform actions, such as rendering a 2D object into a 3D object on a display.
When the user pulls up the fingers to extrude triangle 122, the user will initially see a top view of triangular prism 128, which can be rotated to show a perspective view of triangular prism 128, as shown in graph 134.
There can be more than one way to indicate the end of a 3D gesture input. For example, rather than pausing for at least the predetermined period of time, the operating system or the CAD program can be configured to recognize the end phase by detecting a short pause followed by spreading out of the fingertips (or moving the fingertips in the horizontal direction), as represented by movements 130. In movements 130, the fingertips may pause for less than the predetermined period of time and may allow the user to complete the 3D gesture input faster.
In some implementations, the beginning and ending of each 3D gesture input can be defined by certain actions received in input area 108. For example, touching the input area 108 may indicate the start of a 3D gesture input, maintaining the tactile contact with display surface 118 may indicate continuation of the 3D gesture input, and moving the finger away from the input area 108 may indicate the end of the 3D gesture input.
If a triangle has already been generated, the user can also touch the triangle to select the triangle, then pull up the fingers to extrude the selected triangle to form a triangular prism. The CAD program can be configured to recognize a 3D gesture input that includes touching a 2D object at two or more touch points followed by pulling up the fingers to indicate extrusion of the 2D object to generate a 3D object. When the user touches an object for a predetermined time (for example, 0.5 second), the CAD program can highlight the object to indicate that the object has been selected. The user can de-select the object by, for example, quickly moving the finger(s) away from the display surface at an angle less than a predetermined degree (for example, 60°) relative to display surface 118, or using other predefined gesture input associated with de-selection.
Referring to FIGS. 4A and 4B, a user can generate a cube or a rectangular prism by extruding a square or a rectangle, respectively. FIG. 4A shows a sequence of finger movements that defines a 3D gesture input for generating a rectangular prism. FIG. 4B shows graph 148 that includes rectangle 144 and graph 149 that includes rectangular prism 146, which the user sees on display 102. The user can generate rectangle 144 by providing four touch inputs, for example, by using four fingertips to touch display surface 118 at four touch points 140 a, 140 b, 140 c, and 140 d. The user lifts or pulls up 142 the four fingertips substantially perpendicular to surface 118 at substantially the same time to locations at a distance from display surface 118, and pauses for at least a predetermined time (or pause and spread out the fingers) to signal the end phase of this 3D gesture input.
Pulling up the four fingertips substantially perpendicular to surface 118 at substantially the same time and pausing for at least the predetermined time (or pause and spreading the four fingers) representing a 3D gesture input that indicates extrusion of rectangle 144 and resulting in a 3D rectangular prism 146 having a cross section that corresponds to rectangle 144. The height H (or thickness) of 3D rectangular prism 146 is proportional to the movement of the fingers perpendicular to surface 118.
When the user pulls up the fingers to extrude rectangle 144, the user will initially see a top view of rectangular prism 146, which can be rotated to obtain a perspective view of rectangular prism 146, as shown in graph 149.
The user can select a rectangle that has previously been drawn, and extrude the rectangle to form a rectangular prism. The user can also select one side of the rectangle (which consists of a line segment) and extrude the line to form a surface that is perpendicular to the rectangle. For example, the rectangle can represent the floor of a house, and the extruded surface can represent a wall. This way, the user can extrude each of the four sides of the rectangle to generate the four walls of the house.
Referring to FIGS. 5A and 5B, a user can generate a cylinder by extruding a circle. FIG. 5A shows a sequence of finger movements that defines a 3D gesture input for generating a cylinder. FIG. 5B shows graph 158 that includes circle 150 and graph 159 that includes cylinder 156, which the user sees on display 102. In some implementations, the user can select a circle option from menus 106 (FIG. 1) and provide three touch inputs (for example, by using three fingertips to touch display surface 118 at three touch points 152 a, 152 b, and 152 c). The CAD program can be configured such that when the circle option is selected and three touch inputs are received, the CAD program generates a circle that passes the three touch points. The user pulls up 154 the three fingertips substantially perpendicular to surface 118 at substantially the same time, and pauses the fingertips at a distance from the display surface 118 for at least a predetermined time (or pause and spread out the fingers) to signal the end phase of this 3D gesture input.
When the circle option is selected, pulling up the three fingertips substantially perpendicular to surface 118 at substantially the same time and pausing for at least the predetermined time (or pause and spreading the three fingers) represent a 3D gesture input that indicates extrusion of circle 150, resulting in 3D cylinder 156 having a cross section that corresponds to circle 150. The height H (or thickness) of cylinder 156 is proportional to the movement of the fingertips perpendicular to surface 118.
When the user pulls up the fingers to extrude circle 150, the user will initially see a top view of cylinder 156, which can be rotated to show a perspective view of cylinder 156, as shown in graph 159.
Referring to FIGS. 6A and 6B, a user can generate an extruded 3D object from an arbitrary shaped 2D object. FIG. 6A shows a sequence of finger movements that defines a 3D gesture input for generating a 3D object. FIG. 6B shows graph 176 that includes a 2D line drawing defining 2D object 170, and graph 178 that includes frustum 172 extruded from 2D object 170, as seen by the user on display 102. In some implementations, the user can select a freestyle line drawing option from menus 106 to draw arbitrary 2D object 170. The user touches 2D object 170 using two or more fingertips and pulls up 174 the fingertips substantially perpendicular to surface 118 at substantially the same time, and pauses the fingertips at a distance from the display surface 118 for at least a predetermined time (or pause and spread out the fingers) to signal the end phase of this 3D gesture input.
Touching 2D object 170 using two or more fingers, pulling up the fingers at substantially the same time, and pausing for at least the predetermined time (or pause and spreading the fingers) represent a 3D gesture input that indicates extrusion of 2D object 170, resulting in frustum 172 having a cross section that corresponds to 2D object 170. The height H (or thickness) of frustum 172 is proportional to the movement of the fingertips perpendicular to surface 118.
When the user pulls up the fingers to extrude 2D object 170, the user will initially see a top view of frustum 172, which can be rotated to show a perspective view of frustum 172, as shown in graph 178.
The CAD program may have additional functions to allow the user to further modify the frustum 172, such as modifying the flat top and/or bottom surface to form a curved surface, making portions of frustum 172 hollow, attaching other 3D objects to frustum 172. For example, frustum 172 can be the basis of a guitar body.
The CAD program may allow a user to select an object in a photograph and extrude the selected object to form a 3D object. This may allow a user to quickly generate, for example, 3D models of buildings from aerial photographs.
Referring to FIGS. 7A and 7B, a user can generate a pyramid with a triangular base from a triangle. FIG. 7A shows a sequence of finger movements that defines a 3D gesture input for generating a pyramid. FIG. 7B shows graph 190 that includes triangle 180, graph 192 that includes a top view of pyramid 182, and graph 194 that includes a perspective view of pyramid 182, as shown on display 102. The user can generate triangle 180 by using three fingers to touch display surface 118 at three touch points 184 a, 184 b, and 184 c. The user lifts or pulls up 186 the three fingers at substantially the same time to a distance from display surface 118, while also drawing the three fingers together, pauses and spreads out 188 the fingers (or pauses for at least a predetermined period of time). These movements indicate a 3D gesture input that is associated with generating pyramid 182 from triangle 180, in which pyramid 182 has a bottom surface that corresponds to triangle 180. The height H (or thickness) of tetrahedron 182 is proportional to the amount of movement of the fingertips perpendicular to surface 118.
Referring to FIGS. 8A and 8B, a user can generate a pyramid with a rectangular base from a rectangle. FIG. 8A shows a sequence of finger movements that defines a 3D gesture input for generating a pyramid. FIG. 8B shows graph 200 that includes triangle 206, graph 202 that includes a top view of pyramid 208, and graph 204 that includes a perspective view of pyramid 208, as shown on display 102. The user can generate rectangle 206 by using four fingers to touch display surface 118 at four touch points 210 a, 210 b, 210 c, and 210 d. The user lifts or pulls up 212 the four fingers at substantially the same time to a distance from display surface 118, while also drawing the four fingers together, pauses and spreads out the fingers (or pauses for at least a predetermined period of time). These movements indicate a 3D gesture input that is associated with generating pyramid 208 from rectangle 206, in which pyramid 208 has a bottom surface that corresponds to rectangle 206. The height H (or thickness) of pyramid 208 is proportional to the amount of movement of the fingertips perpendicular to surface 118.
Referring to FIGS. 9A and 9B, a user can generate a cone from a circle. FIG. 9A shows a sequence of finger movements that defines a 3D gesture input for generating a cone. FIG. 9B shows graph 220 that includes circle 224 and graph 222 that includes a perspective view of cone 226, as shown on display 102. The user can generate circle 224 by selecting the circle option and providing a touch input having three touch points 228 a, 228 b, and 228 c, similar to the method described in FIGS. 5A and 5B. The user lifts or pulls up 230 the three fingers at substantially the same time to a distance from display surface 118, while also drawing the three fingers together, pauses and spreads out the fingers (or pauses for at least a predetermined period of time). These movements indicate a 3D gesture input that is associated with generating cone 226 from circle 224, in which cone 226 has a bottom surface that corresponds to circle 224. The height H (or thickness) of cone 226 is proportional to the amount of movement of the fingertips perpendicular to surface 118.
Referring to FIGS. 10A and 10B, a user can generate a frustum from a 2D object, such as a triangle, a square, a rectangle, a pentagon, a polygon, or a circle. FIG. 10A shows a sequence of finger movements that defines a 3D gesture input for generating a frustum having a triangular cross-section. FIG. 10B shows graph 240 that includes triangle 242, graph 244 that includes a top view of frustum 246, and graph 248 that includes a perspective view of frustum 246, as shown on display 102. The user can generate triangle 242 by providing a touch input having three touch points 250 a, 250 b, and 250 c. The user lifts or pulls up 252 the three fingers at substantially the same time to a distance from display surface 118, in which the movement of the fingers are not entirely perpendicular to surface 118, pauses the fingers at locations that are not entirely above the touch points 250 a to 250 c, and spreads out 254 the fingers horizontally (or pauses for at least a predetermined period of time). These movements indicate a 3D gesture input that is associated with generating frustum 246 from triangle 242, in which frustum 246 has a bottom surface that corresponds to triangle 242 and a top surface defined by the locations of the three fingertips during pause. The height H (or thickness) of frustum 246 is proportional to the amount of movement of the fingertips perpendicular to surface 118.
Referring to FIGS. 11A and 11B, the CAD program can be configured to accept 3D gesture inputs to modify a 3D object by pulling out or pushing in portions of the 3D object. FIG. 11A shows a sequence of finger movements that defines a “pinch-and-pull” 3D gesture input for pinching and pulling out a portion of the surface of a 3D object. The user can touch display surface 118 at two touch points 260 a and 260 b, slide 262 the two fingers toward each other across display surface 118 as if pinching an object, and pull up 264 the two fingers substantially perpendicular to surface 118.
FIG. 11B shows a sequence of finger movements that defines a “pinch-and-push” 3D gesture input for pinching and pushing in a portion of the surface of a 3D object. The user can hover the two fingertips 270 a and 270 b above display surface 118, move 272 two fingers toward each other in substantially horizontal motions as if pinching an object, and push down 274 the two fingers substantially perpendicular to surface 118.
FIG. 12 shows a sequence of gesture inputs for generating a raised portion on a surface. Assume that surface 280 represented by a mesh has been generated and a top view of surface 280 is shown on display 102. The user can apply pinch-and-pull gesture input 282 to location 284 on surface 280 to cause location 284 to be “pulled up” to form raised portion 286, in which location 284 becomes the highest point of raised portion 286.
Surface 280 initially can be either a 2D object or a 3D object. If surface 280 is initially a 2D object, when the pinch-and-pull gesture input is applied to the 2D surface, the 2D surface is transformed into a 3D surface having a raised portion. The width of raised portion 286 can be defined by a sliding ruler, or by another gesture input. For example, the user can use the left hand to provide a touch input that includes two touch points in the input area 108 (FIG. 1). The distance between the two touch points defines the width at half height of raised portion 286. For example, if the height of raised portion 286 is H, then the width of raised portion at height H/2 will be equal to the distance between the two touch points in input area 108. Raised portion 286 can have a mathematically defined surface profile, such has having a cross-sectional profile (for example, along the x-z or y-z plane) resembling a Gaussian curve or other curves.
For example, the user can change the distance between the two touch points in input area 108 while pulling up the fingers in the pinch-and-pull gesture input 282 to modify the cross sectional profile (along the x-y plane) of raised portion 286 at various heights.
When the user pulls up the fingers, the user initially sees a top view of surface 280, including raised portion 286. The user can apply rotation gesture input 288 (as shown in graph 290) to rotate surface 280 along the axis that is perpendicular to display surface 118. Here, the z-axis is perpendicular to display surface 118, so rotation gesture input 288 causes surface 280 to rotate about the z-axis. Rotation gesture input 288 includes touching display surface 118 at two touch points 292 a and 292 b, and sliding the fingertips in a circular motion 294. The user sees rotated surface 280 as shown in graph 296.
The user can apply a second rotation gesture input 298 (as shown in graph 300) to further rotate surface 280. Rotation gesture input 298 includes two touch points 302 a and 302 b that define an axis (which passes touch points 302 a and 302 b), and a swipe motion 304 that defines the direction of rotation about the axis defined by touch points 302 a and 302 b. Here, rotation gesture input 298 causes surface 280 to rotate about the axis, allowing the user to see a perspective view of surface 280 having raised portion 286, as shown in graph 306.
A surface (for example, of an object or a landscape) can be modified in various ways to generate complicated 3D shapes or landscapes. For example, the user can applying gesture inputs to define the cross-sectional shape of a raised portion. The user can first draw a shape, such as a triangle, rectangle, circle, or an arbitrary shape, then apply the pinch-and-pull gesture input to generate a raised portion having a cross-sectional profile that correspond to the shape previously drawn. The pinch-and-pull motion may have to be applied to the drawn shape within a predetermined period of time (for example, one-half of a second), so that the CAD program understands that the pinch-and-pull motion is to be applied to the shape that was previously drawn. Otherwise, the CAD program may interpret drawing the object and the pinch-and-pull gesture input as two unrelated events.
For example, the user can apply the gesture inputs shown in FIGS. 3A, 4A, 5A, 6A, 7A, 8A, 9A, and 10A to generate a raised portion that resembles a triangular prism, a rectangular prism, a cylinder, an arbitrary shaped frustum having equal top and bottom surfaces, a pyramid having a triangular base, a pyramid having a rectangular base, a cone, and a frustum having top and bottom surfaces with different shapes and/or sizes, respectively.
FIG. 13 shows a sequence of gesture inputs for generating a raised portion having a rectangular cross section on a surface. Assume that surface 350 represented by a mesh has been generated and a top view of surface 350 is shown on display 102. The user can apply touch-and-pull gesture input 352 to surface 350 with four touch points to pull up a portion of surface 350 to form raised portion 356 that has a rectangular cross section. When the user raises the fingers to pull up the rectangular raised portion 356, display 102 initially shows a top view of surface 350 including raised portion 356. The user can rotate surface 350 to obtain a perspective view of surface 350 including raised portion 356, as shown in graph 354. The user can enter a command to change the mesh view to a solid view, as shown in graph 358.
The surfaces of raised portion 356 can be further modified, such forming additional raised portion 360 on a surface of raised portion 356.
The CAD program can provide an “invert” option for generating a recess or impression in a surface, in which the shape of the recess corresponds to the shape of the 3D object associated with a gesture input. For example, a user can provide gesture inputs for raising a circular portion of a surface, followed by selection of the invert option, to form a recessed portion having a circular cross section, such as recessed portion 362 on a surface of raised portion 356, as shown in graph 364. For example, the invert option can be selected using menus 106 or by providing gesture inputs in input area 108.
Using the method described above, the user can form raised or recessed portions of any shape on the surface of any 3D object. For example, the user can form raised and recessed portions on the surface of a sphere to represent mountains and valleys on a globe.
In some implementations, the CAD program may provide the option of allowing the user to raise a portion of a surface by first drawing a shape on the surface, then using the pinch-and-pull gesture input to pull up the surface to form a raised portion having a cross section corresponding to the shape previously drawn. Similarly, the user can draw a shape on the surface, then using the pinch-and-push gesture input to push down the surface to form a recessed portion having a cross section corresponding to the shape previously drawn.
The CAD program may allow the user to apply color and texture to surfaces of objects. The proximity sensor of device 102 may be used to allow the user to conveniently select different mixtures of color or texture components by adjusting the distances of different fingers relative to display surface 118.
For example, referring to FIG. 14, the CAD program may designate regions 376 a, 376 b, and 376 c in input area 108 for controlling red, green, and blue colors, respectively. The user may provide touch input 372 to surface 378 of object 374 shown in draft area 104 to select surface 378, and place three fingers above regions 376 a, 376 b, and 376 c to control the color of surface 378. The relative heights of the fingertips 370 a, 370 b, and 370 c above regions 376 a, 376 b, and 376 c, respectively, indicate the relative weights of the red, green, and blue colors in the color of surface 378. For example, pulling up the fingertip 370 b will increase the green component in the color of surface 378, and pushing down fingertip 370 c will decrease the blue component in the color of surface 378.
Confirming the selection of the weights of the color components can be achieved in various ways. For example, the user may touch a small portion of area 378 (so as not to obscure the entire area 378 while the color of area 378 is being adjusted) and maintain contact with area 378 while using 3D gesture inputs to adjust the weights of the color components. When the user finds the desired color, the fingertip may be lifted off area 378, and the last values of the red, green, and blue color components while the fingertip still contacted area 378 are selected. As an alternative, the user may hover fingertips above the regions 376 a, 376 b, and 376 c for a predetermined amount of time to indicate adjustment of the color components. After adjusting the red, green, and blue color components, the user can tap anywhere in input area 108 to confirm selection of the weights for the red, green, and blue color components.
Controlling the relative weights or portions of the red, green, and blue colors can also be achieved by using three slide bars, each slide bar controlling one of the red, green, and blue colors. The advantage of using the technique shown in FIG. 14 is that the area occupied by regions 376 a, 376 b, and 376 c can be made smaller than the area needed for three slide bars. This is useful when the screen size is small, such as when display 102 is part of a portable device, such as a mobile phone, personal digital assistant, game console, or digital camera.
FIG. 15A shows an example in which the CAD program designates regions 380 a and 380 b in input area 108 for use in controlling relative weight of a first texture and a second texture applied to a selected surface of an object. The user can control blending of two textures by adjusting relative heights of fingertips 382 a and 382 b above regions 380 a and 380 b, respectively. For example, pulling up fingertip 382 b will cause the second texture to be given more weight when applied to the selected surface.
FIG. 15B shows an example in which the CAD program designates regions 390 a and 390 b in input area 108 for use in controlling brightness and contrast, respectively, of a selected region or surface of an object. The user can control brightness and contrast by adjusting heights of fingertips 392 a and 392 b above regions 390 a and 390 b, respectively. For example, pulling up fingertip 392 b will increase contrast, and pushing down fingertip 392 a will decrease brightness.
FIG. 16 shows an example in which the CAD program accepts 3D gesture inputs for controlling hue, saturation, and brightness. Slide bars 400 a, 400 b, and 400 c are provided for controlling the red, green, and blue color components, thereby controlling hue. The user can adjust the average height of fingertips 402 a, 402 b, and 402 c to control brightness. The user can adjust the relative heights of fingertips 402 a and 402 c to control saturation. For example, if fingertip 402 a is much higher than fingertip 402 c, the saturation is low, if fingertip 402 a is the same height as fingertip 402 c, the saturation is medium, and if fingertip 402 a is much lower than fingertip 402 c, the saturation is high.
The CAD program may provide an option to allow the user to select the position of a light source by moving a fingertip in the vicinity of display surface 118. The center of display surface 118 may correspond to a reference point in a virtual 3D environment, and the position of the fingertip relative to the center of display surface 118 may control the position of a light source in the virtual 3D environment relative to the reference point. The CAD program may continuously update the shadows and lighting effects on the virtual 3D environment and the 3D objects as the user moves the fingertip relative to display surface 118, until the user confirms selection of the position of the light source. The CAD program may allow the user to adjust the positions of multiple light sources by tracking the positions of multiple fingertips relative to the reference point.
The CAD program may allow the user to select a 2D editing mode for generating and modifying 2D objects, and a 3D editing mode for generating and modifying 3D objects. The user can switch between the 2D and 3D editing modes to, for example, modify the shapes of 3D objects (in the 3D editing mode) and draw patterns on the surfaces of the 3D objects (in the 2D editing mode).
FIG. 17 shows a sequence of gesture inputs that can be used for generating a 3D dice. Square 342 shown on display 102 can be extruded using 3D gesture input 300 to form cube 302, similar to the method shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B. After rotation of cube 302, a perspective view of cube 302 is shown on display 102. A touch input 304 is provided to select surface 306 of cube 302. The user enters a command to switch to 2D editing mode. Surface 306 is shown on display 102. The user draws round dot 308 on surface 306. Round dot 308 can also be a 3D raised or recessed dot.
The user enters a command to switch back to 3D editing mode, such that a perspective view of cube 302 is shown on display 102. Touch input 310 is provided to select surface 312 of cube 302. The user enters a command to switch to 2D editing mode. Surface 312 is shown on display 102. The user draws two round dots 314 on surface 312. The user enters a command to switch back to 3D editing mode.
A touch input 316 is provided to select surface 318 of cube 302. The user enters a command to switch to 2D editing mode. Surface 318 is shown on display 102. The user draws three round dots 320 on surface 318. The user enters a command to switch back to 3D editing mode. Cube 302 with surfaces 306, 312, and 318 are shown on display 102. The user provides a rotation gesture input 320 to rotate cube 302 to show blank surface 322. A touch input 324 is provided to select surface 322. The user enters a command to switch to 2D editing mode. Surface 322 is shown on display 102. The user draws four round dots 324 on surface 322. The user enters a command to switch back to 3D editing mode.
A perspective view of cube 302 with surfaces 306, 312, and 322 is shown on display 102. The user provides a rotation gesture input 324 to rotate cube 302 to show blank surface 326. A touch input 328 is provided to select surface 326. The user enters a command to switch to 2D editing mode. Surface 326 is shown on display 102. The user draws six round dots 330 on surface 326. The user enters a command to switch back to 3D editing mode.
A perspective view of cube 302 with surfaces 312, 322, and 326 is shown on display 102. The user provides a rotation gesture input 332 to rotate cube 302 to show blank surface 334. A touch input 336 is provided to select surface 334. The user enters a command to switch to 2D editing mode. Surface 334 is shown on display 102. The user draws five round dots 338 on surface 334. The user enters a command to switch back to 3D editing mode, upon which completed 3D dice 340 is shown on display 102.
In some implementations, there may be other 3D gesture inputs. For example, a 3D gesture input can be provided for use in bending an object. Two touch points may define an axis, and pushing down or pull up two fingers on two sides of the axis may represent a gesture input for pushing or pulling an object toward the axis and bending the object about the axis.
For example, 3D gesture inputs may be used to compress or stretch an object. The user may “pinch” an object at two points (for example, a pinching action can be indicated by moving two fingers toward each other in the vicinity of display surface 118), such as by using two right-hand fingers to pinch the object at a first location and using two left-hand fingers to pinch the object at a second location. The two left-hand fingers and the two right-hand fingers can move toward each other to compress the object, move away from each other to stretch the object, or move in directions that are not aligned with each other to applying a shearing force to the object. The movements of the fingers can be in the 3D space in the vicinity of display surface 118.
2D gesture inputs can be applied to 3D objects. For example, the objects can be moved by touching (and thereby selecting) and dragging the objects. The size of an object can be increased by using two fingers to touch the object and sliding the two fingers away from each other on display surface 118. The size of the object can be decreased by sliding the two fingers toward each other (pinching gesture) on display surface 118. The 3D object can be vector-based, such that the size and/or shape of the 3D object can be changed without loss of resolution (for example, smooth surfaces and sharp edges can be maintained).
In some implementations, the CAD program may provide a “sculpting” mode in which 3D objects have properties as if made of clay, and finger movements are interpreted as sculpting 3D objects made of clay. The user may adjust properties of the clay, such as softness of the clay, during the sculpting process. Display 102 may show a reference plane with an object on the plane. The plane corresponds to display surface 118, and finger movements relative to display surface 118 will be applied the object as if the object were placed on display surface 118. This way, the frame of reference for interpreting the 3D gesture inputs remains stationary regardless of changes in the orientations of the reference plane shown in display 102. For example, an upward finger movement will be interpreted as applying a force in the +Z direction to an object, even though display 102 may show the object and the reference plane oriented such that the +Z direction points downward in display 102.
Depending on the finger movements, indentations may be formed in the object and portions of the object may be squeezed smaller while other portions may be enlarged (as if the clay material were squeezed from one region to another). When the pinch-and-pull gesture input is applied to an object having clay-like properties, pulling a portion of the object for a distance beyond a threshold may cause the portion to break off from the main body, just like pulling a portion off a lump of clay. A “pinch-twist-and-pull” gesture input can also be used to twist and break off a portion from the main body of an object.
In the sculpting mode, the CAD program can provide an option for rotating an object being sculpted, so that finger movements can be interpreted as being applied to a rotating object, similar to sculpting a rotating clay pot placed on a potter's wheel.
The CAD program may provide an “erase” mode, in which waving a finger back and forth about a location on the surface of an object will gradually remove portions of the object near the location, as if rubbing away material from the object. A “growth” mode may be provided, in which waving a finger back and forth about a location on the surface of an object will cause material to gradually grow near the location, as if rubbing material onto the object.
Because display 102 is two-dimensional, while finger movements are three-dimensional, the CAD program may provide pointers to show which portions of the object are selected or being manipulated. Alternatively, the portions being manipulated can be highlighted, for example, shown with a different brightness or color. For example, when a pinch gesture is applied to a portion of the object, the pinched portion may become highlighted. When a sculpting gesture is applied to an object, the portion of the object receiving the sculpting force can be highlighted. This allows the user to manipulate the objects more accurately.
Various gesture inputs can be used to render complex 3D objects. For example, a product design house can use device 100 to quickly generate 3D models of consumer products. Video game developers can use device 100 to quickly generate 3D models of figures in video games. Users can use device 100 to quickly generate avatars for use in video conferencing applications. User of a virtual 3D environment can quickly generate or modify avatars or objects in the virtual 3D environment. Homeowners can generate 3D models of their houses based on aerial photographs, and add the 3D models to a map application. By providing a convenient and intuitive way to generate and modify 3D objects based on 2D objects in photographs, a 3D model of a community or an entire city can be generated through the cooperation of the residents of the community or city, each individual using device 100 to modify computer-generated 3D models of buildings or landscapes that the individual is familiar with.
In some implementations, the CAD program can provide an option for drawing mountains. Fingertip movements in the vicinity of display surface 118 can be interpreted to be tracing the ridge line of a mountain. The CAD program can generate a virtual mountain automatically using mathematical models, in which the virtual mountain has ridge lines that correspond to the fingertip movements. The user can further modify the virtual mountain using various gesture inputs.
When generating or modifying 3D objects or 3D virtual environments, voice commands can be used in parallel to touch and gesture inputs. The user can provide voice commands such as “start” and “end” to indicate the start and end, respectively, of a gesture input. The user can provide voice commands such as “circle mode,” “sculpting mode,” or “erase mode” to select the circle mode, sculpting mode, or erase mode, respectively.
In addition to generating and modifying 3D objects, 3D gesture inputs can be used to manipulate the movements of 3D object in a virtual 3D environment. For example, a 3D gesture input may impart an initial speed to an object according to a force represented by the 3D gesture input. A faster finger movement toward the object may represent a greater force pushing the object. The object may have certain physical properties, such as mass and surface friction coefficients. The object may move about in the virtual 3D environment according to physical properties associated with the 3D object and the environment.
For example, display 100 may show a ball on a surface. A 3D gesture input that represents pushing the ball may cause the ball to start rolling on the surface. The ball may slow down depending on the friction coefficients assigned to the ball and the surface, and whether the path on the surface slopes upward or downward.
Computer games that require players to move objects may utilize 3D gesture inputs. For example, finger movements in the vicinity of display surface 118 may be used to guide movements of objects through 3D mazes. For example, in a baseball video game, a user can use finger movements to control movements of a bat, in which swinging a finger forward and away from display surface 118 causes the bat to swing forward and upwards, and swinging the finger forward and toward display surface 118 causes the bat to swing forward and downwards.
In some implementations, the shape of a 3D object can be represented by mesh lines that are defined according to movements in 3D gesture inputs. For example, in the example shown in FIG. 12, the mesh lines representing the surface 280 and raised portion 286 can be drawn by the user in the 3D space in the vicinity of display surface 118. If the fingertip maintains a constant distance to display surface 118 when drawing the mesh lines, the mesh lines will form a plane surface. If the fingertip moves up and away from display surface 118 at a location when drawing the mesh lines, there will be a raised portion at the location on the surface represented by the mesh lines. If the fingertip moves down and toward display surface 118 at the location when drawing the mesh lines, there will be a recessed portion at the location on the surface represented by the mesh lines.
The CAD program may provide a free-style 3D drawing mode in which finger movements in the three-dimensional space in the vicinity of display surface 118 represent 3D line drawings. For example, moving a fingertip in a spiral motion in the vicinity of display surface 118 may be used to draw a 3D spiral. The user can generate 3D objects by drawing the contours or edges of the 3D object. For example, the user can generate rectangular prism 146 in FIG. 4B by drawing each of the twelve edges of rectangular prism 146.
In some implementations, the CAD program may allow the user to define a 3D object that represents a virtual controller or a virtual tool that can be used to control other objects or change the properties of other objects. For example, a virtual trackball can be generated and used to control movement of other objects. The virtual trackball can be placed at a location on display 102 and can be controlled by the user by applying a hand gesture in the vicinity of the location of display 102 similar to a gesture used for rotating a physical trackball.
The touch inputs, 2D gesture inputs, and 3D gesture inputs for generating and modifying virtual 3D objects and virtual 3D environments can be used in applications other than CAD programs. For example, a word processing program may provide the functionality to allow a user to select a segment of text and “pull up” the selected text to generate 3D text. The touch and gesture inputs can be applied to 3D widgets.
An operating system may represent windows in a 3D environment, and the gesture inputs can be used to manipulate the 3D windows. For example, a user can generate a cube using the touch-and-pull-up gesture, then drag an application program to a face of the cube so that the face becomes the window for the application program. The user can rotate the cube and drag five additional application programs to the other five faces of the cube so that each face of the cube represents a window to an application program. The user can selectively view an application program by rotating the cube so that the face hosting the application program faces the user.
The operating system may show the desktop as a 3D surface, and the touch and gesture inputs can be used to modify the 3D desktop. For example, the system tray and various icons for application programs may be shown as if lying on a 3D landscape. The operation system may allow the user to apply special effects to a 3D window, such as forming raised or recessed portions. An application program executing in the modified 3D window will have the effect as if the application program is projected onto a screen that has raised or recessed portions.
For example, 3D gesture inputs can be different from those described above. Additional 3D gesture inputs can be defined for generating additional 3D shapes or manipulating 3D objects in additional ways. A 3D object is generated (436) in a user interface based on the 3D gesture input and at least one of the touch input or 2D gesture input. For example, the 3D object can include the 3D object shown in FIG. 3B, 4B, 5B, 6B, 7B, 8B, 9B, 10B, 12, 13, or 17.
For example, referring to FIG. 18, 3D gesture input 440 for generating a sphere may include touching display surface 118 at touch point 446, drawing a first circle 442 on display surface 118, and drawing a second circle 444 along a plane orthogonal to the plane of display surface 118. The diameter of the sphere may correspond to the diameter of first circle 442, and the center of the sphere may either be above the center of first circle 442 or above touch point 446.
Alternatively, referring to FIGS. 19A and 19B (which provides different views of the same 3D gesture input), 3D gesture input 450 for generating a sphere may include touching display surface 118 at three touch points 452 a, 452 b, and 452 c, with three fingers that are close together. The three fingers spread out and slide 454 on display surface 118 for a short distance, then the fingers are lifted off display surface 118 and move 456 along arcs as if the fingers are tracing the surface of a sphere. The fingers come close together at a location above the initial touch points 452 a, 452 b, and 452 c, as if pausing at the top of the sphere.
Referring to FIG. 20, 3D gesture input 460, which is a variation of 3D gesture input 450, can be used to generate 3D objects that resemble chocolate drops. In 3D gesture input 460, when the three fingers are lifted off display surface 118 and come close together, the fingers move along arcs in which the directions of the arc curvatures change near the top of the 3D object to cause a pointed tip to form at the top of the 3D object, similar to the tip of a chocolate drop.
In the description above, the touch inputs, 2D gesture inputs, and 3D gesture inputs are detected by touch sensors and proximity sensors embedded in display 102. In some implementations, the touch sensors and proximity sensors can be a single sensor, such as a capacitive touch sensor. In some implementations, the capacitive touch sensor can detect a capacitance that is approximately inversely proportional to (or have some other predetermined relationship with) the distance between the finger and a surface (e.g., display surface 118 or another surface). The change in capacitance detected can be sent to the touch model configured for 3D mode and the 3D gesture can be determined based on the value of the capacitance, e.g., in addition to other parameters that are used for 2D touch models. The finger capacitance acts as one plate of the capacitor and the surface is the other plate. The capacitance is inversely proportional to the distance between the finger and the surface, so as the user moves the finger vertically above the touch surface the capacitance decreases. This allows a 3D touch model to interpret the distance d of the finger above the touch surface and select the appropriate 3D touch event based on the value of the capacitance. The capacitance can be detected by the capacitive touch sensor and sent to the touch model. If the capacitance is lower than the capacitance at a reference position, then a 3D touch event has occurred. The reference capacitance can be the capacitance when the finger is touching the surface. Processor can detects the reference capacitance, and a drop in capacitance signals a 3D touch event.
The touch inputs, 2D gesture inputs, and 3D gesture inputs can also be provided to a touch-sensitive surface of device 100, such as a trackpad or touchpad, in which touch sensors and proximity sensors are embedded in the trackpad or touchpad. The gesture inputs for generating, modifying, and manipulating 3D objects and virtual 3D environments described above can also be applied to the touch-sensitive surface.
In some implementations, display 102 can be a 3D display that can show 3D images to the user. The 3D display can be an autostereoscopic display that uses lenticular lenses or parallax barriers. The 3D display can provide images having different polarizations intended for left or right eyes, and can be viewed by users wearing polarized 3D glasses. The 3D display can be a volumetric 3D display. The surface display 102 can be non-planar, such as dome shaped or cylindrical. The touch sensors and proximity sensors embedded in the display can conform to the exterior shape of the display surface. For example, display 102 can show 3D images of 3D objects, and the user can apply 3D gesture inputs in which the user's fingers appear as if touching the 3D objects.
Processes for Generating, Modifying, and Manipulating 3D Objects
FIG. 21 is a flow diagram of example process 410 for generating 3D objects. For example, process 410 can be implemented using device 102. In process 410, a first user input identifying a 2D object presented in a user interface is detected (412). For example, the user interface can be display 102, and the 2D object can be a triangle, a square, or any other 2D shape.
A second user input including a 3D gesture input including a movement in proximity to a surface is detected (414). For example, the 3D gesture input can include pulling up the fingers as shown in FIG. 3A, 4A, 5A, 6A, 7A, 8A, 9A, or 10A, the pinch-and-pull gesture input as shown in FIG. 11A, or the pinch-and-push gesture input as shown in FIG. 11B.
A 3D object is generated (416) based on the 2D object according to the first and second user inputs. For example, the 3D object can be a triangular prism (FIG. 3B), a rectangular prism (FIG. 4B), a cylinder (FIG. 5B), an arbitrary shaped frustum having equal top and bottom surfaces (FIG. 6B), a pyramid having a triangular base (FIG. 7B), a pyramid having a rectangular base (FIG. 8B), a cone (FIG. 9B), a frustum having top and bottom surfaces with different shapes and/or sizes (FIG. 10B), or an object having a raised or recessed surface (FIGS. 12 and 13).
The 3D object is presented (418) in the user interface.
FIG. 22 is a flow diagram of example process 420 for modifying 3D objects. For example, process 420 can be implemented using device 102. In process 420, a 3D object is shown (422) on a touch-sensitive display. For example, the touch-sensitive display can be display 102 that includes touch sensors.
A 3D gesture input that includes a movement of a finger or a pointing device in proximity to a surface of the touch-sensitive display is detected (424). Detecting the 3D gesture input can include measuring a distance between the finger or the pointing device and a surface of the display. For example, the touch-sensitive display can include proximity sensors, and the pointing device can be a stylus.
The 3D object is modified (426) according to the 3D gesture input. For example, a raised or recessed portion can be formed on a surface of a 3D object, as shown in FIGS. 12 and 13. Color, texture, or lighting applied to a surface of the 3D object can be controlled by the 3D gesture input, as shown in FIGS. 14, 15A, 15B, and 16.
The updated 3D object is shown (428) on the touch-sensitive display.
FIG. 23 is a flow diagram of example process 430 for generating 3D objects. For example, process 430 can be implemented using device 102. In process 430, a first user input that includes at least one of a touch input or a 2D gesture input is detected (432). For example, the touch input can be touching display surface 118 at two or more touch points, as shown in FIG. 3A, 4A, 5A, 7A, 8A, 9A, 10A, or 11A. The 2D gesture input can include sliding one or more fingers on display surface 118, as shown in FIG. 6A or 11A.
A 3D gesture input that includes a movement in proximity to a surface is detected (434). For example, the 3D gesture input can include finger movements such as those shown in FIG. 3A, 4A, 5A, 6A, 7A, 8A, 9A, 10A, 11A, 11B, 12, 13, or 17.
Example Device Architecture
The following provides more details on the implementation of device 100 and its components. For example, touch-sensitive display 102 can implement liquid crystal display (LCD) technology, light emitting polymer display (LPD) technology, or some other display technology. In addition, device 100 can include a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., a trackpad or touchpad).
In some implementations, touch-sensitive display 102 can include a multi-touch-sensitive display. A multi-touch-sensitive display can, for example, process multiple simultaneous points of input, including processing data related to the pressure, degree, and/or position of each point of input. Such processing facilitates gestures and interactions with multiple fingers, chording, and other interactions. Other touch-sensitive display technologies can also be used, e.g., a display in which contact is made using a stylus or other pointing device.
A user can interact with device 100 using various touch inputs, e.g., when a user touches touch sensitive display 102. Gesture inputs can also be derived from multiple touch inputs, e.g., where a user moves his or her finger (or other input tool) across touch sensitive display 102. An example gesture input is a swipe input, where a user swipes his or her finger (or other input tool) across touch-sensitive display 102. In some implementations, the device can detect inputs that are received in direct contact with display 102, or that are received within a particular distance of display 102 (e.g., within one or two inches along a direction perpendicular to surface of display 102). Users can simultaneously provide input at multiple locations on display 102. For example, inputs simultaneously touching at two or more locations can be received.
In some implementations, device 100 can display one or more graphical user interfaces on touch-sensitive display 102 for providing the user access to various system objects and for conveying information to the user. In some implementations, the graphical user interface can include one or more display objects, e.g., display objects 122 and 128.
In some implementations, device 100 can implement various device functionalities. As part of one or more of these functionalities, device 100 presents graphical user interfaces on touch-sensitive display 102 of device 100, and also responds to touch input received from a user, for example, through touch-sensitive display 102. For example, a user can invoke various functions by launching one or more applications on the device. The applications can include, for example, a CAD program.
FIG. 24 is a block diagram of example hardware architecture of device 1100 for generating, modifying, and manipulating 3D objects using 3D gesture inputs. Device 1100 can include memory interface 1102, one or more data processors, image processors and/or central processing units 1104, and peripherals interface 1106. Memory interface 1102, one or more processors 1104 and/or peripherals interface 1106 can be separate components or can be integrated in one or more integrated circuits. The various components in device 1100 can be coupled by one or more communication buses or signal lines.
Sensors, devices, and subsystems can be coupled to peripherals interface 1106 to facilitate multiple functionalities. For example, motion sensor 1110, light sensor 1112, and proximity sensor 1114 can be coupled to peripherals interface 1106 to facilitate various orientation, lighting, and proximity functions. For example, in some implementations, light sensor 1112 can be utilized to facilitate adjusting the brightness of touch screen 1146. In some implementations, motion sensor 1111 (e.g., an accelerometer, velicometer, or gyroscope) can be utilized to detect movement of the device. Accordingly, display objects and/or media can be presented according to a detected orientation, e.g., portrait or landscape.
Other sensors 1116 can also be connected to peripherals interface 1106, such as a temperature sensor, a biometric sensor, or other sensing device, to facilitate related functionalities.
Location determination functionality can be facilitated through positioning system 1132. Positioning system 1132, in various implementations, can be a component internal to device 1100, or can be an external component coupled to device 1100 (e.g., using a wired connection or a wireless connection). In some implementations, positioning system 1132 can include a GPS receiver and a positioning engine operable to derive positioning information from received GPS satellite signals. In other implementations, positioning system 1132 can include a compass (e.g., a magnetic compass) and an accelerometer, as well as a positioning engine operable to derive positioning information based on dead reckoning techniques. In still further implementations, positioning system 1132 can use wireless signals (e.g., cellular signals, IEEE 802.11 signals) to determine location information associated with the device. Hybrid positioning systems using a combination of satellite and television signals, such as those provided by ROSUM CORPORATION of Mountain View, Calif., can also be used. Other positioning systems are possible.
Broadcast reception functions can be facilitated through one or more radio frequency (RF) receiver(s) 1118. An RF receiver can receive, for example, AM/FM broadcasts or satellite broadcasts (e.g., XM® or Sirius® radio broadcast). An RF receiver can also be a TV tuner. In some implementations, RF receiver 1118 is built into wireless communication subsystems 1124. In other implementations, RF receiver 1118 is an independent subsystem coupled to device 1100 (e.g., using a wired connection or a wireless connection). RF receiver 1118 can receive simulcasts. In some implementations, RF receiver 1118 can include a Radio Data System (RDS) processor, which can process broadcast content and simulcast data (e.g., RDS data). In some implementations, RF receiver 1118 can be digitally tuned to receive broadcasts at various frequencies. In addition, RF receiver 1118 can include a scanning function which tunes up or down and pauses at a next frequency where broadcast content is available.
Camera subsystem 1120 and optical sensor 1122, e.g., a charged coupled device (CCD) or a complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) optical sensor, can be utilized to facilitate camera functions, such as recording photographs and video clips.
Communication functions can be facilitated through one or more communication subsystems 1124. Communication subsystem(s) can include one or more wireless communication subsystems and one or more wired communication subsystems. Wireless communication subsystems can include radio frequency receivers and transmitters and/or optical (e.g., infrared) receivers and transmitters. Wired communication system can include a port device, e.g., a Universal Serial Bus (USB) port or some other wired port connection that can be used to establish a wired connection to other computing devices, such as other communication devices, network access devices, a personal computer, a printer, a display screen, or other processing devices capable of receiving and/or transmitting data. The specific design and implementation of communication subsystem 1124 can depend on the communication network(s) or medium(s) over which device 1100 is intended to operate. For example, device 1100 may include wireless communication subsystems designed to operate over a global system for mobile communications (GSM) network, a GPRS network, an enhanced data GSM environment (EDGE) network, 802.x communication networks (e.g., Wi-Fi, WiMax, or 3G networks), code division multiple access (CDMA) networks, and a Bluetooth™ network. Communication subsystems 1124 may include hosting protocols such that device 1100 may be configured as a base station for other wireless devices. As another example, the communication subsystems can allow the device to synchronize with a host device using one or more protocols, such as, for example, the TCP/IP protocol, HTTP protocol, UDP protocol, and any other known protocol.
Audio subsystem 1126 can be coupled to speaker 1128 and one or more microphones 1130. One or more microphones 1130 can be used, for example, to facilitate voice-enabled functions, such as voice recognition, voice replication, digital recording, and telephony functions.
I/O subsystem 1140 can include touch screen controller 1142 and/or other input controller(s) 1144. Touch-screen controller 1142 can be coupled to touch screen 1146. Touch screen 1146 and touch screen controller 1142 can, for example, detect contact and movement or break thereof using any of a number of touch sensitivity technologies, including but not limited to capacitive, resistive, infrared, and surface acoustic wave technologies, as well as other proximity sensor arrays or other elements for determining one or more points of contact with touch screen 1146 or proximity to touch screen 1146.
Other input controller(s) 1144 can be coupled to other input/control devices 1148, such as one or more buttons, rocker switches, thumb-wheel, infrared port, USB port, and/or a pointer device such as a stylus. The one or more buttons (not shown) can include an up/down button for volume control of speaker 1128 and/or microphone 1130.
In one implementation, a pressing of the button for a first duration may disengage a lock of touch screen 1146; and a pressing of the button for a second duration that is longer than the first duration may turn power to device 1100 on or off. The user may be able to customize a functionality of one or more of the buttons. Touch screen 1146 can, for example, also be used to implement virtual or soft buttons and/or a keyboard.
In some implementations, device 1100 can present recorded audio and/or video files, such as MP3, AAC, and MPEG files. In some implementations, device 1100 can include the functionality of an MP3 player, such as an iPhone™
Memory interface 1102 can be coupled to memory 1150. Memory 1150 can include high-speed random access memory and/or non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic disk storage devices, one or more optical storage devices, and/or flash memory (e.g., NAND, NOR). Memory 1150 can store operating system 1152, such as Darwin, RTXC, LINUX, UNIX, OS X, WINDOWS, or an embedded operating system such as VxWorks. Operating system 1152 may include instructions for handling basic system services and for performing hardware dependent tasks. In some implementations, operating system 1152 can be a kernel (e.g., UNIX kernel).
Memory 1150 may also store communication instructions 1154 to facilitate communicating with one or more additional devices, one or more computers and/or one or more servers. Communication instructions 1154 can also be used to select an operational mode or communication medium for use by the device, based on a geographic location (obtained by GPS/Navigation instructions 1168) of the device. Memory 1150 may include graphical user interface instructions 1156 to facilitate graphic user interface processing; sensor processing instructions 1158 to facilitate sensor-related processing and functions; phone instructions 1160 to facilitate phone-related processes and functions; electronic messaging instructions 1162 to facilitate electronic-messaging related processes and functions; web browsing instructions 1164 to facilitate web browsing-related processes and functions; media processing instructions 1166 to facilitate media processing-related processes and functions; GPS/Navigation instructions 1168 to facilitate GPS and navigation-related processes and instructions, e.g., mapping a target location; camera instructions 1170 to facilitate camera-related processes and functions; and/or other software instructions 1172 to facilitate other processes and functions, e.g., security processes and functions, device customization processes and functions (based on predetermined user preferences), and other software functions. Memory 1150 may also store other software instructions (not shown), such as web video instructions to facilitate web video-related processes and functions; and/or web shopping instructions to facilitate web shopping-related processes and functions. In some implementations, media processing instructions 1166 are divided into audio processing instructions and video processing instructions to facilitate audio processing-related processes and functions and video processing-related processes and functions, respectively.
Each of the above identified instructions and applications can correspond to a set of instructions for performing one or more functions described above. These instructions need not be implemented as separate software programs, procedures, or modules. Memory 1150 can include additional instructions or fewer instructions. Furthermore, various functions of device 1100 may be implemented in hardware and/or in software, including in one or more signal processing and/or application specific integrated circuits.
Example Network Operating Environment for Devices
FIG. 25 is a block diagram of example network operating environment 1200 for devices for generating, modifying, and manipulating 3D objects using 3D gesture inputs. Devices 1202 a and 1202 b can, for example, communicate over one or more wired and/or wireless networks 1210 in data communication. For example, wireless network 1212, e.g., a cellular network, can communicate with a wide area network (WAN) 1214, such as the Internet, by use of gateway 1216. Likewise, access device 1218, such as an 802.11g wireless access device, can provide communication access to wide area network 1214. In some implementations, both voice and data communications can be established over wireless network 1212 and access device 1218. For example, device 1202 a can place and receive phone calls (e.g., using VoIP protocols), send and receive e-mail messages (e.g., using POP3 protocol), and retrieve electronic documents and/or streams, such as web pages, photographs, and videos, over wireless network 1212, gateway 1216, and wide area network 1214 (e.g., using TCP/IP or UDP protocols). Likewise, in some implementations, device 1202 b can place and receive phone calls, send and receive e-mail messages, and retrieve electronic documents over access device 1218 and wide area network 1214. In some implementations, devices 1202 a or 1202 b can be physically connected to access device 1218 using one or more cables and access device 1218 can be a personal computer. In this configuration, device 1202 a or 1202 b can be referred to as a “tethered” device.
Devices 1202 a and 1202 b can also establish communications by other means. For example, wireless device 1202 a can communicate with other wireless devices, e.g., other devices 1202 a or 1202 b, cell phones, etc., over wireless network 1212. Likewise, devices 1202 a and 1202 b can establish peer-to-peer communications 1220, e.g., a personal area network, by use of one or more communication subsystems, such as a Bluetooth™ communication device. Other communication protocols and topologies can also be implemented.
Device 1202 a or 1202 b can also access other data and content over one or more wired and/or wireless networks 1210. For example, content publishers, such as news sites, RSS feeds, web sites, blogs, social networking sites, developer networks, etc., can be accessed by device 1202 a or 1202 b. Such access can be provided by invocation of a web browsing function or application (e.g., a browser) in response to a user touching, for example, a Web object.
The features described can be implemented in digital electronic circuitry, or in computer hardware, firmware, software, or in combinations of them. The features can be implemented in a computer program product tangibly embodied in an information carrier, e.g., in a machine-readable storage device, for execution by a programmable processor; and method steps can be performed by a programmable processor executing a program of instructions to perform functions of the described implementations by operating on input data and generating output. Alternatively or addition, the program instructions can be encoded on a propagated signal that is an artificially generated signal, e.g., a machine-generated electrical, optical, or electromagnetic signal, that is generated to encode information for transmission to suitable receiver apparatus for execution by a programmable processor.
The described features can be implemented advantageously in one or more computer programs that are executable on a programmable system including at least one programmable processor coupled to receive data and instructions from, and to transmit data and instructions to, a data storage system, at least one input device, and at least one output device. A computer program is a set of instructions that can be used, directly or indirectly, in a computer to perform a certain activity or bring about a certain result. A computer program can be written in any form of programming language (e.g., Objective-C, Java), including compiled or interpreted languages, and it can be deployed in any form, including as a stand-alone program or as a module, component, subroutine, or other unit suitable for use in a computing environment.
Suitable processors for the execution of a program of instructions include, by way of example, both general and special purpose microprocessors, and the sole processor or one of multiple processors or cores, of any kind of computer. Generally, a processor will receive instructions and data from a read-only memory or a random access memory or both. The essential elements of a computer are a processor for executing instructions and one or more memories for storing instructions and data. Generally, a computer will also include, or be operatively coupled to communicate with, one or more mass storage devices for storing data files; such devices include magnetic disks, such as internal hard disks and removable disks; magneto-optical disks; and optical disks. Storage devices suitable for tangibly embodying computer program instructions and data include all forms of non-volatile memory, including by way of example semiconductor memory devices, such as EPROM, EEPROM, and flash memory devices; magnetic disks such as internal hard disks and removable disks; magneto-optical disks; and CD-ROM and DVD-ROM disks. The processor and the memory can be supplemented by, or incorporated in, ASICs (application-specific integrated circuits).
To provide for interaction with a user, the features can be implemented on a computer having a display device such as a CRT (cathode ray tube) or LCD (liquid crystal display) monitor for displaying information to the user and a keyboard and a pointing device such as a mouse or a trackball by which the user can provide input to the computer.
The features can be implemented in a computer system that includes a back-end component, such as a data server, or that includes a middleware component, such as an application server or an Internet server, or that includes a front-end component, such as a client computer having a graphical user interface or an Internet browser, or any combination of them. The components of the system can be connected by any form or medium of digital data communication such as a communication network. Examples of communication networks include, e.g., a LAN, a WAN, and the computers and networks forming the Internet.
The computer system can include clients and servers. A client and server are generally remote from each other and typically interact through a network. The relationship of client and server arises by virtue of computer programs running on the respective computers and having a client-server relationship to each other.
One or more features or steps of the disclosed embodiments can be implemented using an Application Programming Interface (API). An API can define on or more parameters that are passed between a calling application and other software code (e.g., an operating system, library routine, function) that provides a service, that provides data, or that performs an operation or a computation.
The API can be implemented as one or more calls in program code that send or receive one or more parameters through a parameter list or other structure based on a call convention defined in an API specification document. A parameter can be a constant, a key, a data structure, an object, an object class, a variable, a data type, a pointer, an array, a list, or another call. API calls and parameters can be implemented in any programming language. The programming language can define the vocabulary and calling convention that a programmer will employ to access functions supporting the API.
In some implementations, an API call can report to an application the capabilities of a device running the application, such as input capability, output capability, processing capability, power capability, communications capability, etc.
A number of implementations have been described. Nevertheless, it will be understood that various modifications may be made. For example, elements of one or more implementations may be combined, deleted, modified, or supplemented to form further implementations. As yet another example, the logic flows depicted in the figures do not require the particular order shown, or sequential order, to achieve desirable results. In addition, other steps may be provided, or steps may be eliminated, from the described flows, and other components may be added to, or removed from, the described systems. Accordingly, other implementations are within the scope of the following claims.
1. A computer-implemented method, comprising:
detecting a first user input identifying a two-dimensional (2D) object presented on a surface of a display device;
detecting a second user input including a three-dimensional (3D) gesture input comprising a movement in proximity to the surface, in which a portion of the movement is performed at a distance from the surface;
generating, at a computing device, a 3D object based on the 2D object according to the first and second user inputs, the 3D object having a property that depends at least in part on the portion of the movement performed at a distance from the surface; and
presenting the 3D object on the surface.
2. The method of claim 1 in which generating the 3D object comprises extruding the 2D object to form the 3D object.
3. The method of claim 2 in which detecting the second user input comprises detecting a movement of a finger or a pointing device from a first position to a second position relative to the surface, and
extruding the 3D object comprises defining a thickness of the 3D object in proportion to a difference in a first value and a second value, the first value representing a distance between the first position and the surface, the second value representing a distance between the second position and the surface.
4. The method of claim 1 in which the second user input also comprises a touch input representing at least one finger or input device, or at least one pointer associated with the at least one finger or pointing device, positioned at or in a vicinity of a portion of the 2D object, and the 3D gesture input comprises moving the at least one finger or pointing device away from the surface.
5. The method of claim 1 in which detecting the first user input comprises detecting at least two touch points associated with portions of the at least one finger or pointing device, and
detecting the second user input comprises detecting the portions moving away from the surface at substantially the same time.
6. The method of claim 1 in which the property of the 3D object comprises a height or thickness of the 3D object.
7. A computer-implemented method comprising:
identifying a three-dimensional (3D) object shown on a surface of a touch-sensitive display;
detecting a 3D gesture input that comprises a movement of a finger or a pointing device in proximity to the surface, the detecting comprising measuring a distance between the finger or the pointing device and the surface of the display;
modifying the 3D object according to the 3D gesture input; and
showing the updated 3D object on the surface.
8. The method of claim 7, further comprising detecting at least one of a touch input or a two-dimensional (2D) gesture input that comprises touching the surface of the touch-sensitive display, and modifying the 3D object according to a combination of the 3D gesture input and at least one of the touch input or 2D gesture input.
9. The method of claim 7 in which modifying the 3D object comprises modifying at least one of size, shape, orientation, or position of the 3D object according to the movement in the 3D gesture input.
10. The method of claim 7 in which modifying the 3D object comprises at least one of sculpting the object, stretching the object, compressing the object, removing portions from the object, adding portions to the object, or taking apart portions of the object according to the movement in the 3D gesture input.
11. The method of claim 7, further comprising presenting the 3D object in a virtual 3D environment, imparting an initial speed to the object according to a force represented by the 3D gesture input, and moving the object in the virtual 3D environment according to physical properties associated with the 3D object and the environment.
12. The method of claim 7 in which detecting the first user input comprises detecting a touch input comprising two touch points that define an axis, and
modifying the 3D object comprises rotating the 3D object about the axis in a direction determined according to the movement in the 3D gesture input.
13. The method of claim 7 in which detecting the first user input comprises detecting a touch input that defines a reference point, and
modifying the 3D object comprises modifying the 3D object according to the movement in the 3D gesture input relative to the reference point.
14. The method of claim 7 in which detecting the 3D gesture input comprises detecting positions of a portion of at least one of a finger or a pointing device in three dimensions relative to the surface of the display over a period of time.
15. A computer-implemented method, comprising:
detecting a first user input that comprises at least one of a touch input or a two-dimensional (2D) gesture input;
detecting a three-dimensional (3D) gesture input that comprises a movement in proximity to a surface, in which a portion of the movement is performed at a distance from the surface; and
generating, at a computing device, a 3D object in a user interface based on the 3D gesture input and at least one of the touch input or 2D gesture input, the 3D object having a property that depends at least in part on the portion of the movement performed at a distance from the surface.
16. The method of claim 15 in which generating the 3D object comprises defining a shape of the 3D object according to the movement in the 3D gesture input.
17. The method of claim 16 in which defining the shape of the 3D object comprises defining the shape of a mesh object having mesh lines defined according to movements in the gesture input.
18. The method of claim 16 in which generating the 3D object comprises drawing 3D lines or patterns in a 3D environment.
19. The method of claim 15 in which detecting the 3D gesture input comprises detecting positions of a portion of at least one of a finger or a pointing device in three dimensions relative to the surface.
20. The method of claim 15 in which the 3D object represents a virtual tool that can be used to change properties of other objects presented in the user interface, and the method further comprises detecting a second 3D gesture input and controlling the virtual 3D tool according to the second 3D gesture input.
21. The method of claim 15 in which the property of the 3D object comprises a height or thickness of the 3D object.
a sensor module to detect touch inputs, two-dimensional (2D) gesture inputs that are associated with a surface, and three-dimensional (3D) gesture inputs, each 3D gesture input comprising a movement having a component in a direction perpendicular to the surface; and
a data processor to receive signals output from the sensor module, the signals representing detected 3D gesture inputs and at least one of detected touch inputs or detected 2D gesture inputs, and
generate or modify a 3D object in a user interface according to the detected 3D gesture inputs and at least one of detected touch inputs or detected 2D gesture inputs, in which the 3D object has a property that depends at least in part on the 3D gesture input movement in the direction perpendicular to the surface.
23. The apparatus of claim 22, further comprising a display to show the 3D object, in which the touch sensor detects touching of a surface of the display, and the apparatus comprises a proximity sensor to detect movements in proximity to the surface of the display.
24. The apparatus of claim 22, further comprising a storage device to store information about a mapping between the movement in proximity to the surface and predefined 3D gestures.
25. The apparatus of claim 24 in which the sensor module comprises a touch sensor and a proximity sensor, the touch sensor detecting the touch inputs and the 2D gesture inputs, the proximity sensor in combination with the touch sensor detecting the 3D gesture inputs.
26. The apparatus of claim 24 in which the sensor module comprises a capacitive based touch sensor that can detect the touch inputs, 2D gesture inputs, and 3D gesture inputs.
27. The apparatus of claim 22 in which the property of the 3D object comprises a height or thickness of the 3D object.
a computer storage medium storing instructions that, when executed by data processing apparatus, cause the data processing apparatus to perform operations comprising:
detecting a first user input identifying a two-dimensional (2D) object presented in a user interface,
detecting a second user input including a three-dimensional (3D) gesture input comprising a movement in proximity to a surface, in which a portion of the movement is performed at a distance from the surface,
generating a 3D object in the user interface based on the 2D object according to the first and second user inputs, the 3D object having a property that depends at least in part on the portion of the movement performed at a distance from the surface, and
presenting the 3D object in the user interface.
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Owner name: APPLE INC., CALIFORNIA
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US8304369B2 - Superabsorbent polymer having a capacity increase - Google Patents
Superabsorbent polymer having a capacity increase Download PDF
superabsorbent polymer
represents
Gonglu Tian
David L. Bergman, Jr.
Yaru Shi
Evonik Corp
Evonik Stockhausen LLC
2010-05-07 Application filed by Evonik Stockhausen LLC filed Critical Evonik Stockhausen LLC
2010-06-09 Assigned to EVONIK STOCKHAUSEN, LLC reassignment EVONIK STOCKHAUSEN, LLC ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: BERGMAN, DAVID L., JR., SHI, YARU, TIAN, GONGLU
2014-06-10 Assigned to EVONIK DEGUSSA CORPORATION reassignment EVONIK DEGUSSA CORPORATION MERGER (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: EVONIK STOCKHAUSEN, LLC
2014-06-11 Assigned to EVONIK CORPORATION reassignment EVONIK CORPORATION CHANGE OF NAME (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: EVONIK DEGUSSA CORPORATION
2017-04-13 First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=44121110&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=US8304369(B2) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION, OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS, OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS, OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
A61L15/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
A61L15/16—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons
A61L15/22—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons containing macromolecular materials
A61L15/26—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Derivatives thereof
B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
B01J20/22—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising organic material
B01J20/26—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
C08F220/04—Acids; Metal salts or ammonium salts thereof
C08F220/06—Acrylic acid; Methacrylic acid; Metal salts or ammonium salts thereof
C08F230/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and containing phosphorus, selenium, tellurium or a metal
C08F230/04—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and containing phosphorus, selenium, tellurium or a metal containing a metal
C08F230/08—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and containing phosphorus, selenium, tellurium or a metal containing a metal containing silicon
Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
Y10T428/249987—With nonvoid component of specified composition
Y10T428/249991—Synthetic resin or natural rubbers
The present invention relates to a particulate superabsorbent polymer comprising a monomer and an internal crosslinker agent wherein the particulate superabsorbent polymer has a Centrifuge Retention Capacity Increase of 2 g/g or more as set forth herein in the Centrifuge Retention Capacity Increase Test. The present invention further relates to a superabsorbent polymer comprising an internal crosslinker agent comprising a silane compound comprising at least one vinyl group or one allyl group attached to a silicon atom, and at least one Si—O bond. The present invention further relates to an absorbent article that includes such particulate superabsorbent polymers.
The present invention is directed towards a superabsorbent polymer. A superabsorbent polymer is a crosslinked partially neutralized polymer, including crosslinked polyacrylic acids or crosslinked starch-acrylic acid graft polymers, that is capable of absorbing large amounts of aqueous liquids and body fluids, such as urine or blood, with swelling and the formation of hydrogels, and of retaining the aqueous liquids under a certain pressure in accordance with the general definition of superabsorbent polymer. Superabsorbent polymer may be formed into particles, generally referred to as particulate superabsorbent polymer, wherein the particulate superabsorbent polymer may be post-treated with surface crosslinking, surface treatment, and other treatment to form particulate superabsorbent polymer compositions. The acronym SAP may be used in place of superabsorbent polymer, superabsorbent polymer composition, and particles hereof. A primary use of superabsorbent polymer and superabsorbent polymer compositions is in sanitary articles, such as babies' diapers, incontinence products, or sanitary towels. A comprehensive survey of superabsorbent polymers, and their use and manufacture, is given in F. L. Buchholz and A. T. Graham (editors) in “Modem Superabsorbent Polymer Technology,” Wiley-VCR, New York, 1998.
Superabsorbent polymers may be prepared by initially polymerizing unsaturated carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof, such as acrylic acid, alkali metal (e.g., sodium and/or potassium) or ammonium salts of acrylic acid, alkyl acrylates, and the like in the presence of relatively small amounts of an internal crosslinker such as a di- or poly-functional monomers that may include N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, ethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, or triallylamine. The di- or poly-functional monomer materials may serve as covalent internal crosslinking agents to lightly crosslink the polymer chains, thereby rendering them water-insoluble, yet water-swellable. These lightly crosslinked superabsorbent polymers contain a multiplicity of carboxyl groups attached to the polymer backbone. These carboxyl groups generate an osmotic driving force for the absorption of body fluids by the crosslinked polymer network.
In addition to covalent internal crosslinking agents, ionic internal crosslinking agents have been utilized to prepare superabsorbent polymers as well. The ionic internal crosslinking agents are generally coordination compounds comprising polyvalent metal cations, such as Al3+ and Ca2+, as disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,716,929 and 7,285,614. The superabsorbent polymers disclosed in these patents have a slow rate of absorption, due to the presence of ionic crosslinks. In this context, slow rate may be measured by the Vortex Test and slow rate SAPs generally have a vortex time of 180 sec or more.
Superabsorbent polymers, useful as absorbents in absorbent articles such as disposable diapers, need to have adequately high sorption capacity, as well as adequately high gel strength. Sorption capacity needs to be sufficiently high to enable the absorbent polymer to absorb significant amounts of the aqueous body fluids encountered during use of the absorbent article. Gel strength relates to the tendency of the swollen polymer particles to deform under an applied stress, and needs to be such that the particles do not deform and fill the capillary void spaces in the absorbent member or article to an unacceptable degree, so-called gel blocking, thereby inhibiting the rate of fluid uptake or the fluid distribution by the member or article. Once gel-blocking occurs, it can substantially impede the distribution of fluids to relatively dry zones or regions in the absorbent article and leakage from the absorbent article can take place well before the particles of absorbent polymer in the absorbent article are fully saturated or before the fluid can diffuse or wick past the “blocking” particles into the rest of the absorbent article.
Another property of these particulate superabsorbent polymers is what is called gel bed permeability. Gel permeability of particulate superabsorbent polymer composition is a measure of how rapidly liquid flows through the mass of swollen particles. In general, the gel permeability of a zone, or layer, comprising swollen particulate superabsorbent polymer can be increased by increasing the cross link density of the polymer gel, thereby increasing the gel strength. Particulate superabsorbent polymers with relatively high gel permeability can be made by increasing the level of internal crosslinking, which increases the strength of the swollen gel, but this typically also reduces the absorbent capacity of the gel undesirably, as described above.
In the past decade, significant investments have been made to improve the performance of such SAP's, e.g. to provide a higher absorbent capacity per volume, to improve fluid distribution throughout the SAP's, and to reduce so-called gel blocking of the SAP's. One area of focus has been to modify the surface of SAP particles such that optimum gel permeability is achieved without significantly compromising the absorbent capacity.
The current trend in absorbent articles including diapers, is toward ever thinner core constructions having a reduced or zero cellulose fiber, or fluff, content and an increased SAP content. As diaper cores become thinner, the SAP particles must possess properties that historically have been supplied by fluff pulp. Since reducing the fiber content between the superabsorbent polymers increases the risk of gel blocking, there is a need to provide thinner cores without much or any fibers, which do not suffer from gel blocking.
Hence, there is still a need to improve the absorbent capacity and gel strength of particulate superabsorbent polymer at the same time.
The present invention includes numerous embodiments, of which some are included herein. One embodiment of the present invention is a particulate superabsorbent polymer comprising a monomer and a crosslinker composition comprising an internal crosslinking agent wherein the particulate superabsorbent polymer has a Centrifuge Retention Capacity Increase (CRCI) of 2 g/g or more, from 2 g/g to about 50 g/g, from 2 g/g to about 40 g/g, from about 3 g/g to about 30 g/g, or from about 3 g/g to about 15 g/g, as set forth herein in the Centrifuge Retention Capacity Increase Test.
Another embodiment of the present invention includes a superabsorbent polymer including an internal crosslinker composition which contains a silane compound comprising at least one vinyl group or allyl group directly attached to a silicon atom and at least one Si—O bond. The silane compound may be selected from one of the following:
R1 represents C2 to C3 alkenyl,
R2 represents H, C1 to C4 alkyl, C2 to C5 alkenyl, C6 to C8 aryl, C2 to C5 carbonyl,
R3 represents H, C1 to C4 alkyl, C6 to C8 aryl,
R4 and R5 independently represent H, C1 to C4 alkyl, C6 to C8 aryl,
m represents an integer of from 1 to 3, preferably 1 to 2,
n represents an integer of from 1 to 3, preferably 2 to 3,
l represents an integer of from 0 to 2, preferably 0 to 1,
m+n+l=4,
x represents an integer larger than 1, and
y represents an integer of 0 or larger than 0.
In one aspect, the silane compound may be selected from vinyltriisopropenoxy silane, vinyltriacetoxysilane, vinyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane, diethoxymethylvinyl silane, and polysiloxane comprising at least two vinyl groups.
In a further aspect, the superabsorbent polymer of the present invention may further comprise a second internal crosslinker. The second internal crosslinker may be selected from the group polyethylene glycol monoallyl ether acrylate, ethoxylated trimethylol propane triacrylate, and polyethylene glycol diacrylate.
Another embodiment of the current invention is a superabsorbent polymer composition comprising a superabsorbent polymer comprising at least one monomer, an internal crosslinking composition containing a silane compound comprising at least one vinyl group or allyl group directly attached to a silicon atom and at least one Si—O bond, a salt forming cation, and a surface crosslinking agent wherein the monomer is selected from an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid, ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid and hydride, salts or derivatives thereof based on the superabsorbent polymer. In another aspect, the internal crosslinking composition is from about 0.001% by weight to about 5% by weight based on the monomer
Another embodiment of the current invention is a method to make a superabsorbent polymer composition wherein the method comprises the steps of preparing a superabsorbent polymer, polymerizing the components of the superabsorbent polymer into a hydrogel, preparing particulate superabsorbent polymer, surface treating the particulate superabsorbent polymer to make particulate superabsorbent polymer composition. Numerous other aspects of embodiments, features, and advantages of the present invention will appear from the following detailed description, accompanying drawings, and claims. In the interest of brevity and conciseness, any ranges of values set forth in this specification contemplate all values within the range and are to be construed as support for claims reciting any sub-ranges having endpoints which are real number values within the specified range in question.
These and other aspects, advantages, and salient features of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description, the accompanying drawings, and the appended claims.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
The foregoing and other features, aspects, and advantages of the present invention will become better understood with regard to the following description, appended claims, and accompanying drawings where:
FIG. 1 is a graph showing an increase of absorption capacity over time;
FIG. 2 contains plots of CRC vs. swelling time for particulate SAP preproduct from present invention;
FIG. 3 contains plots of CRC vs. swelling time for particulate SAP composition from present invention;
FIG. 4 contains plots of CRC vs. swelling time for prior art particulate SAP composition;
FIG. 5 is a side view of the test apparatus employed for the Free Swell Gel Bed Permeability Test;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional side view of a cylinder/cup assembly employed in the Free Swell Gel Bed Permeability Test apparatus shown in FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is a top view of a plunger employed in the Free Swell Gel Bed Permeability Test apparatus shown in FIG. 5; and
FIG. 8 is a side view of the test apparatus employed for the Absorbency Under Load Test.
It should be noted that, when employed in the present disclosure, the terms “comprises,” “comprising,” and other derivatives from the root term “comprise” are intended to be open-ended terms that specify the presence of any stated features, elements, integers, steps, or components, and are not intended to preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, integers, steps, components, or groups thereof.
The term “absorbent article” as used herein refers to devices that absorb and contain body exudates, and, more specifically, refers to devices that are placed against or in proximity to the body of the wearer to absorb and contain the various exudates discharged from the body. Absorbent articles may include diapers, training pants, adult incontinence undergarments, feminine hygiene products, breast pads, care mats, bibs, wound dressing products, and the like. Absorbent articles may further include floor cleaning articles, food industry articles, and the like. As used herein, the term “body fluids” or “body exudates” includes, but is not limited to, urine, blood, vaginal discharges, breast milk, sweat and fecal matter.
The term “Centrifuge Retention Capacity (CRC)” as used herein refers to the ability of the particulate superabsorbent polymer to retain liquid therein after being saturated and subjected to centrifugation under controlled conditions and is stated as grams of liquid retained per gram weight of the sample (g/g). CRC testing may be conducted at an assigned testing temperature for an assigned period of testing time, noted as CRC(testing temperature, testing time). As used herein, the term “testing temperature” refers to the temperature of the test solution in which the sample of particulate superabsorbent polymer is wetted. The term “testing time” refers to the time period that the sample of particulate superabsorbent polymer is wetted in a test solution. For example, CRC(rt, 0.5 hr) refers to a CRC with a testing temperature of room temperature (rt, about 23° C.) and a testing time of 0.5 hour.
The term “Centrifuge Retention Capacity Increase (CRCI)” or “CRC Increase” or “Capacity Increase” is defined as the increase in the CRC that occurs and is calculated as the difference between a second CRC and a first CRC. As used herein, the term “first CRC” or “initial CRC” generally refers to CRC(rt, 0.5 hr), although another CRC value may be used. The “second CRC” may be tested at room temperature or higher, preferably from about 23° C. to about 50° C., for at least about 1 hour, preferably from about 2 hours to 24 hours. The CRC Increase is measured according to the CRC Increase Test Method described hereinbelow.
The term “Centrifuge Retention Capacity Increase Rate” or “CRCIR” as used herein refers to the CRC increase per hour (g/g/hour) and is measured according to the Centrifuge Retention Capacity Increase Rate Test Method described hereinbelow
The terms “crosslinked”, “crosslink”, “crosslinker”, or “crosslinking” as used herein refers to any means for effectively rendering normally water-soluble materials substantially water-insoluble but swellable. Such a crosslinking means can include, for example, physical entanglement, crystalline domains, covalent bonds, ionic complexes and associations, hydrophilic associations such as hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic associations, or Van der Waals forces.
The term “internal crosslinker” as used herein refers to use of a crosslinker in the monomer solution to form the polymer.
The term “Darcy” is a CGS unit of permeability. One Darcy is the permeability of a solid through which one cubic centimeter of fluid, having a viscosity of one centipoise, will flow in one second through a section one centimeter thick and one square centimeter in cross-section, if the pressure difference between the two sides of the solid is one atmosphere. It turns out that permeability has the same units as area; since there is no SI unit of permeability, square meters are used. One Darcy is equal to about 0.98692×10−12 m2 or about 0.98692×10−8 cm2.
The term “diaper” as used herein refers to an absorbent article generally worn by infants and incontinent persons about the lower torso so as to encircle the waist and legs of the wearer and that is specifically adapted to receive and contain urinary and fecal waste. As used herein, term “diaper” also includes “pants” which is defined below.
The term “disposable” as used herein refers to absorbent articles that are not intended to be laundered or otherwise restored or reused as an absorbent article after a single use. Examples of such disposable absorbent articles include, but are not limited to, personal care absorbent articles, health/medical absorbent articles, and household/industrial absorbent articles.
The term “dry superabsorbent polymer composition” as used herein generally refers to the superabsorbent polymer composition having less than about 10% moisture.
The term “hydrolysable bonds” as used herein refers to bonds that can be broken by coming in contact with water, such as anhydrous bonds.
The term “mass median particle size” of a given sample of particles of superabsorbent polymer composition is defined as the particle size, which divides the sample in half on a mass basis, i.e., half of the sample by weight has a particle size greater than the mass median particle size, and half of the sample by mass has a particle size less than the mass median particle size. Thus, for example, the mass median particle size of a sample of superabsorbent polymer composition particles is 2 microns if one-half of the sample by weight is measured as more than 2 microns.
The terms “particle,” “particulate,” and the like, when used with the term “superabsorbent polymer,” refer to the form of discrete units. The units can comprise flakes, fibers, agglomerates, granules, powders, spheres, pulverized materials, or the like, as well as combinations thereof. The particles can have any desired shape: for example, cubic, rod like polyhedral, spherical or semi-spherical, rounded or semi-rounded, angular, irregular, et cetera. Shapes having a high aspect ratio, like needles, flakes, and fibers, are also contemplated for inclusion herein. The terms “particle” or “particulate” may also include an agglomeration comprising more than one individual particle, particulate, or the like. Additionally, a particle, particulate, or any desired agglomeration thereof may be composed of more than one type of material.
The term “polymer” includes, but is not limited to, homopolymers, copolymers, for example, block, graft, random, and alternating copolymers, terpolymers, etc., and blends and modifications thereof. Furthermore, unless otherwise specifically limited, the term “polymer” shall include all possible configurational isomers of the material. These configurations include, but are not limited to isotactic, syndiotactic, and atactic symmetries.
The term “polyolefin” as used herein generally includes, but is not limited to, materials such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polyisobutylene, polystyrene, ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer, and the like, the homopolymers, copolymers, terpolymers, etc., thereof, and blends and modifications thereof. The term “polyolefin” shall include all possible structures thereof, which include, but are not limited to, isotatic, synodiotactic, and random symmetries. Copolymers include atactic and block copolymers.
The term “polysiloxane” as used herein refers to polymerized siloxanes consisting of an inorganic silicon-oxygen backbone ( . . . —Si—O—Si—O—Si—O— . . . ) with organic side groups attached to the silicon atoms, which are four-coordinate. Furthermore, unless otherwise specifically limited, the term “polysiloxane” should include polymers comprising two of more siloxane repeating units.
The term “superabsorbent polymer” as used herein refers to water-swellable, water-insoluble organic or inorganic materials including superabsorbent polymers and superabsorbent polymer compositions capable, under the most favorable conditions, of absorbing at least about 10 times their weight, or at least about 15 times their weight, or at least about 25 times their weight in an aqueous solution containing 0.9 weight percent sodium chloride.
The term “superabsorbent polymer composition” as used herein refers to a superabsorbent polymer comprising a surface additive in accordance with the present invention.
The term “superabsorbent polymer preproduct” as used herein refers to a material that is produced by conducting all of the steps for making a superabsorbent polymer as described herein, up to and including drying the material, and coarse grinding in a crusher.
The term “surface crosslinking” as used herein refers to the level of functional crosslinks in the vicinity of the surface of the superabsorbent polymer particle, which is generally higher than the level of functional crosslinks in the interior of the superabsorbent polymer particle. As used herein, “surface” describes the outer-facing boundaries of the particle.
The term “thermoplastic” as used herein describes a material that softens when exposed to heat and which substantially returns to a non-softened condition when cooled to room temperature.
The term “% by weight” or “% wt” as used herein and referring to components of the superabsorbent polymer composition, is to be interpreted as based on the weight of the dry superabsorbent polymer composition, unless otherwise specified herein.
These terms may be defined with additional language in the remaining portions of the specification.
While typical aspects of embodiment and/or embodiments have been set forth for the purpose of illustration, this Detailed Description and the accompanying drawings should not be deemed to be a limitation on the scope of the invention. Accordingly, various modifications, adaptations, and alternatives may occur to one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. By way of a hypothetical illustrative example, a disclosure in this specification of a range of from 1 to 5 shall be considered to support claims to any of the following ranges: 1-5; 1-4; 1-3; 1-2; 2-5; 2-4; 2-3; 3-5; 3-4; and 4-5.
The present invention is directed to a superabsorbent polymer having a Centrifuge Retention Capacity Increase. The capacity increase enables the superabsorbent polymer to have high gel strength and high absorption capacity at the same time. An idealized absorption capacity increase is illustrated in FIG. 1 showing an SAP having low absorption capacity initially and capacity increase over the swelling time.
An embodiment of the present invention includes a particulate superabsorbent polymer comprising a monomer and an internal crosslinking agent wherein the particulate superabsorbent polymer has a CRCI of 2 g/g or more, from 2 g/g to about 50 g/g, or from 2 g/g to about 40 g/g, or from about 3 g/g to about 30 g/g, as set forth herein in the CRCI Test. In another aspect, the CRCI may be dependent on the testing time.
CRC Increase Rate may be in the range from about 0.4 g/g/hour to about 10 g/g/hour, or from about 0.6 g/g/hour to about 8 g/g/hour. The testing time may be in the range of from about 2 hours to about 24 hours, or from about 2 hours to about 16 hours. The testing temperature may be in the range of from about 23° C. to about 50° C., preferably either about 23° C. (room temperature) or about 37° C. (body temperature). With the same testing time, the CRC at body temperature (CRC(bt)) is at least 2 g/g, or from 2 g/g to about 20 g/g higher than the CRC at body temperature (CRC(rt)).
The particulate superabsorbent polymer having CRCI of the present invention may be prepared by using a silane compound as the internal crosslinking agent. The silane compound comprises at least one carbon-carbon double bond and at least one Si—O bond.
Another embodiment of the present invention includes a superabsorbent polymer including an internal crosslinker agent which contains a silane compound comprising at least one vinyl group or allyl group directly attached to a silicon atom and at least one Si—O bond. The silane compound may be selected from one of the following:
Illustrative of silanes, having at least one vinyl group or allyl group directly attached to a silicon atom and a Si—O bond, which may be utilized to provide the structure in formula (I) above include: vinylalkoxysilanes such as vinyltrimethoxysilane, methylvinyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane, methylvinyltriethoxysilane, vinylmethyldimethoxysilane, vinylethyldiethoxysilane, and vinyltris(2-methoxyethoxy)silane; vinylacetoxysilanes, such as vinylmethyldiacetoxysilane, vinylethyldiacetoxysilane and vinyltriacetoxysilane; allylalkoxysilanes such as allyltrimethoxysilane, allylmethyldimethoxysilane, and allyltriethoxysilane; divinylalkoxysilanes and divinylacetoxysilanes such as divinyldimethoxysilane, divinyldiethoxysilane and divinyldiacetoxysilane; diallylalkoxysilanes and diallylacetoxysilanes such as diallyldimethoxysilane, diallyldiethoxysilane and diallyldiacetoxysilane; as well as other similar ethylenically unsaturated silane monomers containing one or more hydrolyzable groups. As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art given the present disclosure, use of compounds such as vinyltrichlorosilane in water or alcohol can provide structures in formula (I) above in which, for example, the group R1 can be a vinyl group. It is also possible that more complex structures can be formed, for example, by reaction of vinyl silane with polyethylene glycol.
Illustrative of polysiloxanes, having at least one vinyl group or allyl group directly attached to a silicon atom, which may be utilized to provide the structure in formula (II) or (III) above include the polymers and copolymers of silanes having the structure in formula (I). Preferred examples include, but not limited to, polysiloxane comprising vinyl and methoxy groups (commercially available from Evonik Degussa Corporation, under the trade designation Dynasylan® 6490), polysiloxane comprising vinyl and ethoxy groups (commercially available from Evonik Degussa Corporation, under the trade designation Dynasylan® 6498), vinylmethylsiloxane homopolymers, vinylmethylsiloxane copolymers, vinyl terminated siloxane homopolymers, and vinyl terminated siloxane copolymers. However, it is contemplated that a wide range of polysiloxanes having vinyl functional groups provide the desired effects are effective crosslinking agents in accordance with the present invention.
In another embodiment, the superabsorbent polymer may include a second internal crosslinker which may comprise polyethylene glycol monoallyl ether acrylate, ethoxylated trimethylol propane triacrylate, and/or polyethylene glycol diacrylate.
Another embodiment of the present invention comprises a process of preparing a particulate superabsorbent polymer, having a CRCI from 2 g/g to about 50 g/g, by polymerizing at least one monomer, selected from an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid, ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid and hydride, salts or derivatives thereof based on the superabsorbent polymer, and an internal crosslinking composition from about 0.001% by weight to about 5% by weight where the internal crosslinking composition includes a first and second internal crosslinking composition wherein one of the crosslinking compositions comprises a silane compound, having at least one vinyl group or one allyl group directly attached to a silicon atom, and at least one Si—O bond, into a hydrogel, preparing superabsorbent polymer particles from the superabsorbent polymer, and treating the superabsorbent polymer particles with surface additives including a surface crosslinking agent.
Another embodiment of the present invention is an absorbent article, such as diapers, training pants, incontinence products, other personal care or health care garments, including medical garments, or the like, comprising the superabsorbent polymer of the present invention.
A superabsorbent polymer as set forth in embodiments of the present invention is obtained by the initial polymerization of from about 55% to about 99.9% by weight of the superabsorbent polymer of polymerizable unsaturated acid group containing monomer. A suitable monomer includes any of those containing carboxyl groups, such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, or 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, or mixtures thereof. It is desirable for at least about 50% by weight, and more desirable for at least about 75% by weight of the acid groups to be carboxyl groups.
The acid groups are neutralized to the extent of at least about 25 mol %, that is, the acid groups are desirably present as sodium, potassium, or ammonium salts. In some aspects, the degree of neutralization may be at least about 50 mol % or may be at least about 60 mol %. In some aspects, it is desirable to utilize polymers obtained by polymerization of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid, the carboxyl groups of which are neutralized to the extent of from about 50 mol % to about 80 mol %, in the presence of internal crosslinking agents.
In some aspects, the suitable monomer that can be copolymerized with the ethylenically unsaturated monomer may include, but is not limited to acrylamide, methacrylamide, hydroxyethyl acrylate, dimethylaminoalkyl (meth)-acrylate, ethoxylated (meth)-acrylates, dimethylaminopropylacrylamide, or acrylamidopropyltrimethylammonium chloride. Such monomer may be present in a range of from 0% to about 40% by weight of the copolymerized monomer.
The superabsorbent polymer includes crosslinking points wherein the superabsorbent polymer can be crosslinked with an internal crosslinking agent. Suitable internal crosslinker agents in this embodiment may include, but are not limited to a first internal crosslinker agent, which contains a silane compound comprising at least one vinyl group or one allyl group directly attached to a silicon atom, and at least one Si—O bond. Examples of internal silane crosslinkers suitable for the present invention are set forth with their chemical structure in Table 1.
Chemical Chemical Structure
Vinyltriisopropenoxy silane
Vinyltriacetoxysilane
Vinyltrimethoxysilane
Vinyltriethoxysilane
Diethoxymethylvinyl silane
Dynasylan ® 6490 (reaction vinyl siloxane oligomer, methoxy functional)
Dynasylan ® 6498 (vinyl siloxane concentrate, oligomeric siloxane, ethoxy functional)
Vinylmethyl polysiloxane
The superabsorbent polymer of the present invention may include an additional, or a second, internal crosslinking agent, which may be used in conjunction with the silane internal crosslinker. The additional, or second internal, crosslinker compositions generally includes at least two ethylenically unsaturated double bonds, or one ethylenically unsaturated double bond and one functional group that is reactive toward acid groups of the polymerizable unsaturated acid group containing monomer, or several functional groups that are reactive towards acid groups can be used as the internal crosslinking component and is desirably present during the polymerization of the polymerizable unsaturated acid group containing a monomer. The second internal crosslinker agents may include but are not limited to, aliphatic unsaturated amides, such as methylenebisacryl- or -methacrylamide or ethylenebisacrylamide; aliphatic esters of polyols or alkoxylated polyols with ethylenically unsaturated acids, such as di(meth)acrylates or tri(meth)acrylates of butanediol or ethylene glycol, polyglycols or trimethylolpropane; di- and triacrylate esters of trimethylolpropane which may be oxyalkylated, desirably ethoxylated, with about 1 to about 30 moles of alkylene oxide; acrylate and methacrylate esters of glycerol and pentaerythritol and of glycerol and pentaerythritol oxyethylated with desirably about 1 to about 30 mol of ethylene oxide; allyl compounds, such as allyl (meth)acrylate, alkoxylated allyl (meth)acrylate reacted with desirably about 1 to about 30 mol of ethylene oxide, triallyl cyanurate, triallyl isocyanurate, maleic acid diallyl ester, poly-allyl esters, tetraallyloxyethane, triallylamine, tetraallylethylenediamine, diols, polyols, hydroxy allyl or acrylate compounds and allyl esters of phosphoric acid or phosphorous acid; and monomers that are capable of crosslinking, such as N-methylol compounds of unsaturated amides, such as of methacrylamide or acrylamide, and the ethers derived therefrom. Ionic internal crosslinkers such as multivalent metal salts may also be employed. The additional, or second internal, crosslinker may be selected from polyethylene glycol monoallyl ether acrylate, ethoxylated trimethylol propane triacrylate, or polyethylene glycol diacrylate. Mixtures of the internal crosslinking agents mentioned can also be employed.
The content of the internal silane internal crosslinkers and second internal crosslinking agents is from about 0.001% to about 5% by weight, or from about 0.1% to about 3% by weight, based on the total amount of the polymerizable unsaturated acid group containing monomer. The superabsorbent polymer may include from about 9:1 to about 1:9, or about 7:1: to 1:7, of the internal crosslinker composition comprising silane and the second internal crosslinker.
In some aspects, initiators can be used for initiation of the free-radical polymerization. Suitable initiators include, but are not limited to, azo or peroxo compounds, redox systems or ultraviolet initiators, sensitizers, and/or radiation.
After polymerization, the superabsorbent polymer is generally formed into superabsorbent polymer particles, or particulate superabsorbent polymer. While superabsorbent polymer particles may be used by way of example of the physical form of superabsorbent polymer composition, the invention is not limited to this form and is applicable to other forms such as fibers, foams, films, beads, rods, and the like. The particulate superabsorbent polymer of the present invention generally includes particle sizes ranging from about 50 to about 1000 μm, or from about 150 to about 850 μm. The present invention may include at least about 40 wt % of the particles having a particle size from about 300 μm to about 600 μm, at least about 50 wt % of the particles having a particle size from about 300 μm to about 600 μm, or at least about 60 wt % of the particles having a particle size from about 300 μm to about 600 μm as measured by screening through a U.S. standard 30 mesh screen and retained on a U.S. standard 50 mesh screen. In addition, the size distribution of the superabsorbent polymer particles of the present invention may include less than about 30% by weight of particles having a size greater than about 600 microns, and less than about 30% by weight of particles having a size of less than about 300 microns as measured using for example a RO-TAP® Mechanical Sieve Shaker Model B available from W. S. Tyler, Inc., Mentor Ohio.
In one embodiment, the particulate superabsorbent polymer may then be surface treated with additional chemicals and treatments as set forth herein. In particular, the surface of the particulate superabsorbent polymer may be crosslinked, generally referred to as surface crosslinked, by the addition of a surface crosslinking agent and heat-treatment. In general, surface crosslinking is a process that is believed to increase the crosslink density of the polymer matrix in the vicinity of the particulate superabsorbent polymer surface with respect to the crosslinking density of the particle interior.
Desirable surface crosslinking agents may include chemicals with one or more functional groups that are reactive toward pendant groups of the polymer chains, typically the acid groups. Surface crosslinker agents may include compounds that comprise at least two functional groups which can react with functional groups of a polymer structure in a condensation reaction (condensation crosslinker), in an addition reaction or in a ring opening reaction. These compounds may include condensation crosslinkers such as, for example, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, glycerine, polyglycerine, propylene glycol, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, polyoxypropylene, oxyethylene-oxypropylene block copolymers, sorbitan fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, polyvinyl alcohol, sorbitol, 1,3-dioxolan-2-one (ethylene carbonate), 4-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one (propylene carbonate), 4,5-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one, 4,4-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one, 4-ethyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one, 4-hydroxymethyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one, 1,3-dioxan-2-one, 4-methyl-1,3-dioxan-2-one, 4,6-dimethyl-1,3-dioxan-2-one as well as 1,3-dioxolan-2-one. The amount of the surface crosslinking agent may be present in an amount of from about 0.01% to about 5% by weight of the dry superabsorbent polymer composition, and such as from about 0.1% to about 3% by weight, and such as from about 0.1% to about 1% by weight, based on the weight of the dry particulate superabsorbent polymer composition.
After the particulate superabsorbent polymer have been brought into contact with the surface crosslinker or with the fluid comprising the surface crosslinker, the treated particulate superabsorbent polymer are heat treated which may include heating the coated particulate superabsorbent polymer to a temperature of from about 50 to about 300° C., or from about 75 to about 275° C., or from about 150 to about 250° C., so that the outer region of the polymer structures is more strongly crosslinked compared to the inner region (i.e., surface crosslinking). The duration of the heat treatment is limited by the risk that the desired property profile of the polymer structures will be destroyed as a result of the effect of heat
In one particular aspect of surface crosslinking, the particulate superabsorbent polymer is coated or surface-treated with an alkylene carbonate followed by heating to affect surface crosslinking, which can improve the surface crosslinking density and the gel strength characteristics of the superabsorbent polymer particle. More specifically, the surface crosslinking agent is coated onto the superabsorbent polymer particulate by mixing the particulate superabsorbent polymer with an aqueous alcoholic solution of the alkylene carbonate surface crosslinking agent. The amount of alcohol in the aqueous alcoholic solution may be determined by the solubility of the alkylene carbonate and is kept as low as possible for various reasons, for instance, for protection against explosions. Suitable alcohols are methanol, isopropanol, ethanol, butanol, or butyl glycol, as well as mixtures of these alcohols. In some aspects, the solvent desirably is water, which typically is used in an amount of about 0.3% by weight to about 5.0% by weight, based on the weight of the dry superabsorbent polymer.
In other aspects, the alkylene carbonate surface crosslinking agent is dissolved in water without any alcohol. In still other aspects, the alkylene carbonate surface crosslinking agent may be applied from a powder mixture, for example, with an inorganic carrier material, such as silicone dioxide (SiO2), or in a vapor state by sublimation of the alkylene carbonate.
To achieve the desired surface crosslinking properties, the alkylene carbonate should be distributed evenly on the particulate superabsorbent polymer. For this purpose, mixing is effected in suitable mixers known in the art, such as fluidized bed mixers, paddle mixers, rotary drum mixers, or twin-worm mixers. It is also possible to carry out the coating of the particulate superabsorbent polymer during one of the process steps in the production of the particulate superabsorbent polymer. In one particular aspect, a suitable process for this purpose is the inverse suspension polymerization process.
The heat treatment, which follows the coating treatment of the particulate superabsorbent polymer, may be carried out as follows. In general, the heat treatment is at a temperature of from about 100° C. to about 300° C. Lower temperatures are possible if highly reactive epoxide crosslinking agents are used. However, if alkylene carbonates are used, then the thermal treatment is suitably at a temperature of from about 150° C. to about 250° C. In this particular aspect, the treatment temperature depends on the dwell time and the kind of alkylene carbonate. For example, at a temperature of about 150° C., the thermal treatment is carried out for one hour or longer. In contrast, at a temperature of about 250° C., a few minutes (e.g., from about 0.5 minutes to about 5 minutes) are sufficient to achieve the desired surface crosslinking properties. The thermal treatment may be carried out in conventional dryers or ovens known in the art.
In addition to surface crosslinking, the particulate superabsorbent polymer compositions may be further surface treated with other chemical compositions. In some aspects, the particulate superabsorbent polymer composition of the present invention may be surface treated with from 0% to about 5% by weight, and from about 0.001% to about 5% by weight, or from about 0.01% to about 0.5% by weight of the dry superabsorbent polymer composition of a polymeric coating, such as a thermoplastic coating, or a cationic coating, or a combination of a thermoplastic coating and a cationic coating. In some particular aspects, the polymeric coating desirably is a polymer that may be in a solid, emulsion, suspension, colloidal, or solubilized state, or combinations thereof. Polymeric coatings suitable for this invention may include, but are not limited to, a thermoplastic coating having a thermoplastic melt temperature wherein the polymeric coating is applied to the particle surface coincident with or followed by a temperature of the treated superabsorbent polymer particle at about the thermoplastic melt temperature.
Examples of thermoplastic polymers include polyolefin, polyethylene, polyester, polyamide, polyurethane, styrene polybutadiene, linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE), ethylene acrylic acid copolymer (EAA), ethylene alkyl methacrylate copolymer (EMA), polypropylene (PP), maleated polypropylene, ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), polyester, polyamide, and blends of all families of polyolefins, such as blends of PP, EVA, EMA, EEA, EBA, HDPE, MDPE, LDPE, LLDPE, and/or VLDPE, may also be advantageously employed. The term polyolefin as used herein is defined above. In particular aspects, maleated polypropylene is a preferred thermoplastic polymer for use in the present invention. A thermoplastic polymer may be functionalized to have additional benefits such as water solubility or dispersability.
Polymeric coatings of this invention may also include a cationic polymer. A cationic polymer as used herein refers to a polymer or mixture of polymers comprising a functional group or groups having a potential of becoming positively charged ions upon ionization in an aqueous solution. Suitable functional groups for a cationic polymer include, but are not limited to, primary, secondary, or tertiary amino groups, imino groups, imido groups, amido groups, and quaternary ammonium groups. Examples of synthetic cationic polymers include the salts or partial salts of poly(vinyl amines), poly(allylamines), poly(ethylene imine), poly(amino propanol vinyl ethers), poly(acrylamidopropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride), poly(diallyldimethyl ammonium chloride). Examples of natural-based cationic polymers include partially deacetylated chitin, chitosan, and chitosan salts. Synthetic polypeptides such as polyasparagins, polylysines, polyglutamines, and polyarginines are also suitable cationic polymers.
The particulate superabsorbent polymer compositions according to the invention may be surface treated with from about 0.01% to about 2% by weight, or from about 0.01% to about 1% by weight based on the dry superabsorbent polymer composition of a water-insoluble inorganic metal compound. The water-insoluble inorganic metal compound may include a cation selected from aluminum, titanium, calcium, or iron and an anion selected from phosphate, borate, or chromate. An example of a water insoluble inorganic metal compound includes aluminum phosphate. The inorganic metal compound may have a mass median particle size of less than about 2 μm, and may have a mass median particle size of less than about 1 μm.
The inorganic metal compound can be applied in the dry physical form to the surface of the particulate superabsorbent polymer composition. For this, the particulate superabsorbent polymer composition may be intimately mixed with the finely divided inorganic metal compound. The finely divided inorganic metal compound is usually added at room temperature to the superabsorbent polymer particles and mixed in until a homogeneous mixture is present. For this purpose, mixing is effected in suitable mixers known in the art, such as fluidized bed mixers, paddle mixers, rotary drum mixers, or twin-worm mixers. The mixing of the particulate superabsorbent polymer compositions with the finely divided water insoluble inorganic metal compound may take place before or after any surface crosslinking, for example during the application of the surface crosslinking agent.
Alternatively, a suspension of a finely divided water insoluble inorganic metal compounds can be prepared and applied to a particulate water absorbent polymer. The suspension is applied, for example, by spraying. Useful dispersion media for preparing the suspension include water, organic solvents such as alcohols, for example methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, ketones, for example acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, or mixtures of water with the aforementioned organic solvents. Other useful dispersion media include dispersion aids, surfactants, protective colloidals, viscosity modifiers, and other auxiliaries to assist in the preparation of the suspension. The suspension can be applied in conventional reaction mixers or mixing and drying systems as described above at a temperature in the range from room temperature to less than the boiling point of the dispersion medium, preferably at about room temperature. It is appropriate to combine the application of the suspension with a surface crosslinking step by dispersing the finely divided water insoluble metal salt in the solution of the surface crosslinking agent. Alternatively, the suspension can also be applied before or after the surface crosslinking step. The application of the slurry may be followed by a drying step.
In some aspects, the particulate superabsorbent polymer compositions according to the invention may include from 0% to about 5%, or in the alternative from about 0.01% to about 3%, by weight of the dry superabsorbent polymer composition of silica. Examples of silica include fumed silica, precipitated silica, silicon dioxide, silicic acid, and silicates. In some particular aspects, microscopic noncrystalline silicon dioxide is desirable. In some aspects, the particle diameter of the inorganic powder can be 1,000 μm or smaller, such as 100 μm or smaller.
In some aspects, the particulate superabsorbent polymer compositions may also include from 0% to about 30% by weight of the dry superabsorbent polymer composition, such as from about 0.1% to about 5% by weight, of water-soluble polymers based by weight of the dry superabsorbent polymer composition, such as partly or completely hydrolyzed polyvinyl acetate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, starch or starch derivatives, polyglycols, polyethylene oxides, polypropylene oxides, or polyacrylic acids. In some particular aspects, the water-soluble polymers are desirably in polymerized-in form.
In some aspects, additional surface additives may optionally be employed with the particulate superabsorbent polymer compositions, including odor-binding substances, such as cyclodextrins, zeolites, inorganic or organic salts, and similar materials; anti-caking additives, flow modification agents, surfactants, viscosity modifiers, and the like. In addition, surface additives may be employed that perform several roles during surface modifications. For example, a single additive may be a surfactant, viscosity modifier, and may react to crosslink polymer chains.
In some aspects, the particulate superabsorbent polymer compositions of the present invention may be, after a heat treatment step, treated with water so that the superabsorbent polymer composition has a water content of up to about 10% by weight of the superabsorbent polymer composition. This water may be added, with one or more of the surface additives from above, to the superabsorbent polymer.
The superabsorbent polymer according to the invention may be desirably prepared by two methods. The composition can be prepared continuously or discontinuously in a large-scale industrial manner, the after-crosslinking according to the invention being carried out accordingly.
According to one method, the partially neutralized monomer, such as acrylic acid, is converted into a gel by free-radical polymerization in aqueous solution in the presence of crosslinking agents and any further components, and the gel is comminuted, dried, ground, and sieved off to the desired particle size. This polymerization can be carried out continuously or discontinuously. For the present invention, the size of the high-capacity superabsorbent polymer composition particles is dependent on manufacturing processes including milling and sieving. It is well known to those skilled in the art that particle size distribution of the superabsorbent polymer particles resembles a normal distribution or a bell shaped curve. It is also known that for various reasons, the normal distribution of the particle size distribution may be skewed in either direction.
According to another method, inverse suspension and emulsion polymerization can also be used for preparation of the products according to the invention. According to these processes, an aqueous, partly neutralized solution of monomer, such as acrylic acid, is dispersed in a hydrophobic, organic solvent with the aid of protective colloids and/or emulsifiers, and the polymerization is started by free radical initiators. The internal crosslinking agents may be either dissolved in the monomer solution and are metered in together with this, or are added separately and optionally during the polymerization. The addition of a water-soluble polymer as the graft base optionally takes place via the monomer solution or by direct introduction into the oily phase. The water is then removed azeotropically from the mixture, and the polymer is filtered off and optionally dried. Internal crosslinking can be carried out by polymerizing-in a polyfunctional crosslinking agent dissolved in the monomer solution and/or by reaction of suitable crosslinking agents with functional groups of the polymer during the polymerization steps.
The result of these methods is a superabsorbent polymer or a superabsorbent polymer preproduct. A superabsorbent polymer preproduct as used herein is produced by repeating all of the steps for making the superabsorbent, up to and including drying the material, and coarse grinding in a crusher, and removing particles greater than about 850 microns and smaller than about 150 microns.
The particulate superabsorbent polymer composition of the present invention exhibits certain characteristics, or properties, as measured by Centrifuge Retention Capacity, Centrifuge Retention Capacity Increase, Centrifuge Retention Capacity Increase Rate (CRCIR), Absorbency Under Load at about 0.9 psi (AUL(0.9 psi)), and Gel Bed Permeability (GBP). The Vortex Time measures the speed of the polymer in absorbing saline solution and is expressed in seconds.
The resultant CRC is stated as grams of liquid retained per gram weight of the sample (g/g) and may be from about 20 g/g to 60 g/g, from about 25 g/g to about 55 g/g, or from about 27 g/g to about 50 g/g.
The CRCI is stated as grams of liquid retained per gram weight of the sample (g/g) and may be from 2 g/g to 50 g/g or from about 3 g/g to about 40 g/g.
The Centrifuge Retention Capacity Increase Rate (CRCIR) Test measures the rate of Centrifuge Retention Capacity Increase per hour difference between the CRC(initial) Test and the CRC(second) Test and is measured in terms of g/g/hr. The CRC Increase Rate may be from about 0.4 to about 10 g/g/hr, or from about 0.5 to about 5 g/g/hr.
The Absorbency Under Load at about 0.9 psi (AUL(0.9 psi)) may range from about 12 g/g to about 30 g/g, or from about 15 g/g to about 25 g/g.
Permeability is a measure of the effective connectedness of a porous structure, be it a mat of fiber, or a slab of foam or, in this case, crosslinked polymers, and may be specified in terms of the void fraction, and extent of connectedness of the particulate superabsorbent polymer composition. Gel permeability is a property of the mass of particles as a whole and is related to particle size distribution, particle shape, and the connectedness of the open pores between the particles, shear modulus, and surface modification of the swollen gel. In practical terms, the gel permeability of the superabsorbent polymer composition is a measure of how rapidly liquid flows through the mass of swollen particles. Low gel permeability indicates that liquid cannot flow readily through the superabsorbent polymer composition, which is generally referred to as gel blocking, and that any forced flow of liquid (such as a second application of urine during use of the diaper) must take an alternate path (e.g., diaper leakage). Gel Bed Permeability (GBP) may range from about 10×10−8 cm2 to about 300×10−8 cm2, or from 10×10−8 cm2 to about 200×10−8 cm2.
The Vortex time for the particulate superabsorbent polymer and the particulate superabsorbent polymer composition may be from about 20 to about 180 sec, or from about 60 to about 130 sec, or from about 70 to about 125 sec.
As shown in FIG. 1, it is a goal of the present invention to increase the absorption capacity over time, wherein such superabsorbent polymers may offer the advantage of high gel strength in the short term and high absorption capacity in the long term.
FIG. 2 displays CRC(rt) and CRC(bt) of a SAP preproduct comprising 0.5% of Dynasylan® 6490. It shows that CRC increases over the time either at room temperature or body temperature. In addition, it shows that CRC at body temperature is higher than CRC at room temperature at any specific time. Furthermore, it shows that CRC increases faster at body temperature than at room temperature.
FIG. 3 displays CRC(rt) and CRC(bt) of a surface crosslinked SAP comprising 0.5% of Dynasylan® 6490 as internal crosslinker. It shows that CRC increases over the time either at room temperature or body temperature. In addition, it demonstrates that CRC at body temperature is higher than CRC at room temperature at any specific time. Furthermore, it shows that CRC increases faster at body temperature than at room temperature.
FIG. 4, Prior Art, displays CRC(rt) and CRC(bt) of a surface crosslinked SAP comprising only conventional internal crosslinker. It shows that CRC was essentially constant over time or at different temperatures.
The superabsorbent polymer compositions according to the present invention can be employed in many absorbent articles including sanitary towels, diapers, or wound coverings, and they have the property that they rapidly absorb large amounts of menstrual blood, urine, or other body fluids. Since the agents according to the invention retain the absorbed liquids even under pressure and are also capable of distributing further liquid within the construction in the swollen state, they are more desirably employed in higher concentrations, with respect to the hydrophilic fiber material, such as fluff, when compared to conventional current superabsorbent compositions. They are also suitable for use as a homogeneous superabsorber layer without fluff content within the diaper construction, as a result of which particularly thin articles are possible. The polymers are furthermore suitable for use in hygiene articles (incontinence products) for adults.
Absorbent articles, like diapers, may include (a) a liquid pervious topsheet; (b) a liquid impervious backsheet; (c) a core positioned between (a) and (b) and comprising about 10% to 100%, and preferably about 50% to about 100%, by weight of the present polyamine-coated SAP particles, and 0% to 90% by weight of hydrophilic fiber material; (d) optionally a tissue layer positioned directly above and below said core (c); and (e) optionally an acquisition layer positioned between (a) and (c).
Test Procedures
Centrifuge Retention Capacity Test (CRC).
The CRC Test measures the ability of the superabsorbent polymer to retain liquid therein after being saturated and subjected to centrifugation under controlled conditions. The resultant retention capacity is stated as grams of liquid retained per gram weight of the sample, (g/g). The sample to be tested is prepared from particles that are pre-screened through a U.S. standard 30-mesh screen and retained on a U.S. standard 50-mesh screen. As a result, the superabsorbent polymer sample comprises particles sized in the range of about 300 to about 600 microns. The particles can be pre-screened by hand or automatically.
The retention capacity is measured by placing about 0.2 grams of the pre-screened superabsorbent polymer sample into a water-permeable bag that will contain the sample while allowing a test solution (0.9 weight percent sodium chloride in distilled water) to be freely absorbed by the sample. A heat-sealable tea bag material, such as that available from Dexter Corporation (having a place of business in Windsor Locks, Conn., U.S.A.) as model designation 1234T heat sealable filter paper works well for most applications. The bag is formed by folding a 5-inch by 3-inch sample of the bag material in half and heat-sealing two of the open edges to form a 2.5-inch by 3-inch rectangular pouch. The heat seals are about 0.25 inches inside the edge of the material. After the sample is placed in the pouch, the remaining open edge of the pouch is also heat-sealed. Empty bags are also made to serve as controls. Three samples are prepared for each superabsorbent polymer composition to be tested.
The sealed bags are submerged in a pan containing the test solution at an assigned testing temperature, making sure that the bags are held down until they are completely wetted. After wetting, the samples remain in the solution for an assigned period of testing time, at which time they are removed from the solution and temporarily laid on a non-absorbent flat surface.
The wet bags are then placed into the basket wherein the wet bags are separated from each other and are placed at the outer circumferential edge of the basket, wherein the basket is of a suitable centrifuge capable of subjecting the samples to a g-force of about 350. One suitable centrifuge is a CLAY ADAMS DYNAC II, model #0103, having a water collection basket, a digital rpm gauge, and a machined drainage basket adapted to hold and drain the flat bag samples. Where multiple samples are centrifuged, the samples are placed in opposing positions within the centrifuge to balance the basket when spinning. The bags (including the wet, empty bags) are centrifuged at about 1,600 rpm (e.g., to achieve a target g-force of about 350 g force with a variance from about 240 to about 360 g force), for 3 minutes. G force is defined as an unit of inertial force on a body that is subjected to rapid acceleration or gravity, equal to 32 ft/sec2 at sea level. The bags are removed and weighed, with the empty bags (controls) being weighed first, followed by the bags containing the superabsorbent polymer composition samples. The amount of solution retained by the superabsorbent polymer sample, taking into account the solution retained by the bag itself, is the centrifuge retention capacity (CRC) of the superabsorbent polymer, expressed as grams of fluid per gram of superabsorbent polymer. More particularly, the retention capacity is determined by the following equation:
C R C = [ sample / bag after centrifuge - empty bag after centrifuge - dry sample weight ] / dry sample weight
The three samples are tested, and the results are averaged to determine the CRC of the superabsorbent polymer composition.
CRC(rt, 0.5 hr) is measured with a testing temperature of about 23° C. (room temperature) and a testing time of 0.5 hour.
CRC(rt, 5 hr) is measured with a testing temperature of about 23° C. (room temperature) and a testing time of 5 hours.
CRC(rt, 16 hr) is measured with a testing temperature of about 23° C. (room temperature) and a testing time of 16 hours.
CRC(bt, 0.5 hr) is measured with a testing temperature of about 37° C. (body temperature) and a testing time of 0.5 hour.
CRC(bt, 5 hr) is measured with a testing temperature of about 37° C. (body temperature) and a testing time of 5 hours.
Centrifuge Retention Capacity Increase (CRCI) Test
The Centrifuge Retention Capacity Increase (CRCI) Test measures the increase in the CRC that occurs and is calculated as the difference between the second CRC Test and the first CRC(rt,0.5 hr) Test and is determined by the following equation:
CRC Increase=second CRC−(CRC(rt,0.5 hr).
For example, CRCI's in the present invention are determined by the following equations:
At room temperature, CRCI(rt)=CRC(rt,5 hr).−CRC(rt,0.5 hr).
At body temperature, CRCI(bt)=CRC(bt,5 hr).−CRC(bt,0.5 hr).
CRCI(rt) and CRCI(bt) are collectively referred to as CRCI.
Centrifuge Retention Capacity Increase Rate Test (CRCIR)
The CRCIR measures the ability of the particulate superabsorbent polymer to gain additional CRC over the time when contacted with a liquid. It is tested by measuring the CRC and at an assigned testing temperature for two different testing times. The second testing time is at least one hour longer than the first testing time. The resultant CRCIR is stated as grams of additional liquid retained per gram weight of the sample per hour (g/g/hour).
For example, CRCIR in the present invention are determined by the following equations:
At room temperature: CRCIR(rt)=[CRC(rt,5 hr)−(CRC(rt,0.5 hr)]/4.5
At body temperature: CRCIR(bt)=[CRC(bt,5 hr)−(CRC(bt,0.5 hr)]/4.5
CRCIR(rt) and CRCIR(bt) are collectively referred to as CRCIR.
Free-Swell Gel Bed Permeability Test (FSGBP)
As used herein, the Free-Swell Gel Bed Permeability Test, also referred to as the Gel Bed Permeability (GBP) Under 0 psi Swell Pressure Test, determines the permeability of a swollen bed of gel particles (e.g., such as the surface treated absorbent material or the superabsorbent material prior to being surface treated), under what is commonly referred to as “free swell” conditions. The term “free swell” means that the gel particles are allowed to swell without a restraining load upon absorbing test solution as will be described. A suitable apparatus for conducting the Gel Bed Permeability Test is shown in FIGS. 5, 6, and 7 and indicated generally as 500. The test apparatus assembly 528 comprises a sample container, generally indicated at 530, and a plunger, generally indicated at 536. The plunger comprises a shaft 538 having a cylinder hole bored down the longitudinal axis and a head 550 positioned at the bottom of the shaft. The shaft hole 562 has a diameter of about 16 mm. The plunger head is attached to the shaft, such as by adhesion. Twelve holes 544 are bored into the radial axis of the shaft, three positioned at every 90 degrees having diameters of about 6.4 mm. The shaft 538 is machined from a LEXAN rod or equivalent material and has an outer diameter of about 2.2 cm and an inner diameter of about 16 mm.
The plunger head 550 has a concentric inner ring of seven holes 560 and an outer ring of 14 holes 554, all holes having a diameter of about 8.8 millimeters as well as a hole of about 16 mm aligned with the shaft. The plunger head 550 is machined from a LEXAN rod or equivalent material and has a height of approximately 16 mm and a diameter sized such that it fits within the cylinder 534 with minimum wall clearance but still slides freely. The total length of the plunger head 550 and shaft 538 is about 8.25 cm, but can be machined at the top of the shaft to obtain the desired mass of the plunger 536. The plunger 536 comprises a 100 mesh stainless steel cloth screen 564 that is biaxially stretched to tautness and attached to the lower end of the plunger 536. The screen is attached to the plunger head 550 using an appropriate solvent that causes the screen to be securely adhered to the plunger head 550. Care must be taken to avoid excess solvent migrating into the open portions of the screen and reducing the open area for liquid flow. Acrylic solvent Weld-on 4 from IPS Corporation (having a place of business in Gardena, Calif., USA) is a suitable solvent.
The sample container 530 comprises a cylinder 534 and a 400 mesh stainless steel cloth screen 566 that is biaxially stretched to tautness and attached to the lower end of the cylinder 534. The screen is attached to the cylinder using an appropriate solvent that causes the screen to be securely adhered to the cylinder. Care must be taken to avoid excess solvent migrating into the open portions of the screen and reducing the open area for liquid flow. Acrylic solvent Weld-on 4 from IPS Corporation (having a place of business in Gardena, Calif., USA) is a suitable solvent. A gel particle sample, indicated as 568 in FIG. 2, is supported on the screen 566 within the cylinder 534 during testing.
The cylinder 534 may be bored from a transparent LEXAN rod or equivalent material, or it may be cut from a LEXAN tubing or equivalent material, and has an inner diameter of about 6 cm (e.g., a cross-sectional area of about 28.27 cm2), a wall thickness of about 0.5 cm and a height of approximately 7.95 cm. A step is machined into the outer diameter of the cylinder 534 such that a region 534 a with an outer diameter of 66 mm exists for the bottom 31 mm of the cylinder 534. An O-ring 540 which fits the diameter of region 534 a may be placed at the top of the step.
The annular weight 548 has a counter-bored hole about 2.2 cm in diameter and 1.3 cm deep so that it slips freely onto the shaft 538. The annular weight also has a thru-bore 548 a of about 16 mm. The annular weight 548 can be made from stainless steel or from other suitable materials resistant to corrosion in the presence of the test solution, which is 0.9 weight percent sodium chloride solution in distilled water. The combined weight of the plunger 536 and annular weight 548 equals approximately 596 grams (g), which corresponds to a pressure applied to the sample 568 of about 0.3 pounds per square inch (psi), or about 20.7 dynes/cm2 (2.07 kPa), over a sample area of about 28.27 cm2.
When the test solution flows through the test apparatus during testing as described below, the sample container 530 generally rests on a weir 600. The purpose of the weir is to divert liquid that overflows the top of the sample container 530 and diverts the overflow liquid to a separate collection device 601. The weir can be positioned above a scale 602 with a beaker 603 resting on it to collect saline solution passing through the swollen sample 568.
To conduct the Gel Bed Permeability Test under “free swell” conditions, the plunger 536, with the weight 548 seated thereon, is placed in an empty sample container 530 and the height from the top of the weight 548 to the bottom of the sample container 530 is measured using a suitable gauge accurate to 0.01 mm. The force the thickness gauge applies during measurement should be as low as possible, preferably less than about 0.74 Newtons. It is important to measure the height of each empty sample container 530, plunger 536, and weight 548 combination and to keep track of which plunger 536 and weight 548 is used when using multiple test apparatus. The same plunger 536 and weight 548 should be used for measurement when the sample 568 is later swollen following saturation. It is also desirable that the base that the sample cup 530 is resting on is level, and the top surface of the weight 548 is parallel to the bottom surface of the sample cup 530.
The sample to be tested is prepared from superabsorbent polymer composition particles which are prescreened through a U.S. standard 30 mesh screen and retained on a U.S. standard 50 mesh screen. As a result, the test sample comprises particles sized in the range of about 300 to about 600 microns. The superabsorbent polymer particles can be pre-screened with, for example, a RO-TAP Mechanical Sieve Shaker Model B available from W. S. Tyler, Inc., Mentor Ohio. Sieving is conducted for 10 minutes. Approximately 2.0 grams of the sample is placed in the sample container 530 and spread out evenly on the bottom of the sample container. The container, with 2.0 grams of sample in it, without the plunger 536 and weight 548 therein, is then submerged in the 0.9% saline solution for a time period of about 60 minutes to saturate the sample and allow the sample to swell free of any restraining load. During saturation, the sample cup 530 is set on a mesh located in the liquid reservoir so that the sample cup 530 is raised slightly above the bottom of the liquid reservoir. The mesh does not inhibit the flow of saline solution into the sample cup 530. A suitable mesh can be obtained as part number 7308 from Eagle Supply and Plastic, having a place of business in Appleton, Wis., U.S.A. Saline does not fully cover the superabsorbent polymer composition particles, as would be evidenced by a perfectly flat saline surface in the test cell. Also, saline depth is not allowed to fall so low that the surface within the cell is defined solely by swollen superabsorbent, rather than saline.
At the end of this period, the plunger 536 and weight 548 assembly is placed on the saturated sample 568 in the sample container 530 and then the sample container 530, plunger 536, weight 548, and sample 568 are removed from the solution. After removal and before being measured, the sample container 530, plunger 536, weight 548, and sample 568 are to remain at rest for about 30 seconds on a suitable flat, large grid non-deformable plate of uniform thickness. The thickness of the saturated sample 568 is determined by again measuring the height from the top of the weight 548 to the bottom of the sample container 530, using the same thickness gauge used previously provided that the zero point is unchanged from the initial height measurement. The sample container 530, plunger 536, weight 548, and sample 568 may be placed on a flat, large grid non-deformable plate of uniform thickness that will prevent liquid in the sample container from being released onto a flat surface due to surface tension. The plate has an overall dimension of 7.6 cm by 7.6 cm, and each grid has a cell size dimension of 1.59 cm long by 1.59 cm wide by 1.12 cm deep. A suitable flat, large grid non-deformable plate material is a parabolic diffuser panel, catalogue number 1624K27, available from McMaster Carr Supply Company, having a place of business in Chicago, Ill., U.S.A., which can then be cut to the proper dimensions. This flat, large mesh non-deformable plate must also be present when measuring the height of the initial empty assembly. The height measurement should be made as soon as practicable after the thickness gauge is engaged. The height measurement obtained from measuring the empty sample container 530, plunger 536, and weight 548 is subtracted from the height measurement obtained after saturating the sample 568. The resulting value is the thickness, or height “H” of the swollen sample.
The permeability measurement is initiated by delivering a flow of the 0.9% saline solution into the sample container 530 with the saturated sample 568, plunger 536, and weight 548 inside. The flow rate of test solution into the container is adjusted to cause saline solution to overflow the top of the cylinder 534 thereby resulting in a consistent head pressure equal to the height of the sample container 530. The test solution may be added by any suitable means that is sufficient to ensure a small, but consistent amount of overflow from the top of the cylinder, such as with a metering pump 604. The overflow liquid is diverted into a separate collection device 601. The quantity of solution passing through the sample 568 versus time is measured gravimetrically using the scale 602 and beaker 603. Data points from the scale 602 are collected every second for at least sixty seconds once the overflow has begun. Data collection may be taken manually or with data collection software. The flow rate, Q, through the swollen sample 568 is determined in units of grams/second (g/s) by a linear least-square fit of fluid passing through the sample 568 (in grams) versus time (in seconds).
Permeability in cm2 is obtained by the following equation:
K=[Q*H*μ]/[A*ρ*P]
where K=Permeability (cm2), Q=flow rate (g/sec), H=height of swollen sample (cm), μ=liquid viscosity (poise) (approximately one centipoise for the test solution used with this Test), A=cross-sectional area for liquid flow (28.27 cm2 for the sample container used with this Test), ρ=liquid density (g/cm3) (approximately one g/cm3, for the test solution used with this Test) and P=hydrostatic pressure (dynes/cm2) (normally approximately 7,797 dynes/cm2). The hydrostatic pressure is calculated from P=ρ*g*h, where ρ=liquid density (g/cm3), g=gravitational acceleration, nominally 981 cm/sec2, and h=fluid height, e.g., 7.95 cm for the Gel Bed Permeability Test described herein.
A minimum of two samples is tested and the results are averaged to determine the gel bed permeability of the sample.
Absorbency Under Load Test (AUL(0.9 psi))
The Absorbency Under Load (AUL) Test measures the ability of the superabsorbent polymer composition particles to absorb a 0.9 weight percent solution of sodium chloride in distilled water at room temperature (test solution) while the material is under a 0.9 psi load. The apparatus for testing AUL consists of:
An AUL assembly including a cylinder, a 4.4 g piston, and a standard 317 gm weight. The components of this assembly are described in additional detail below.
A flat-bottomed square plastic tray that is sufficiently broad to allow the glass frits to lay on the bottom without contact with the tray walls. A plastic tray that is 9″ by 9″(22.9 cm×22.9 cm), with a depth of 0.5 to 1″(1.3 cm to 2.5 cm) is commonly used for this test method.
A 12.5 cm diameter sintered glass frit with a ‘C’ porosity (25-50 microns). This frit is prepared in advance through equilibration in saline (0.9% sodium chloride in distilled water, by weight). In addition to being washed with at least two portions of fresh saline, the frit must be immersed in saline for at least 12 hours prior to AUL measurements.
Whatman Grade 1, 12.5 cm diameter filter paper circles.
A supply of saline (0.9% sodium chloride in distilled water, by weight).
Referring to FIG. 8, the cylinder 412 of the AUL assembly 400 used to contain the superabsorbent polymer composition particles 410 is made from one-inch (2.54 cm) inside diameter thermoplastic tubing machined-out slightly to be sure of concentricity. After machining, a 400 mesh stainless steel wire cloth 414 is attached to the bottom of the cylinder 412 by heating the steel wire cloth 414 in a flame until red hot, after which the cylinder 412 is held onto the steel wire cloth until cooled. A soldering iron can be utilized to touch up the seal if unsuccessful or if it breaks. Care must be taken to maintain a flat smooth bottom and not distort the inside of the cylinder 412.
The 4.4 g piston (416) is made from one-inch diameter solid material (e.g., PLEXIGLAS®) and is machined to closely fit without binding in the cylinder 412.
A standard 317 gm weight 418 is used to provide a 62,053 dyne/cm2 (about 0.9 psi) restraining load. The weight is a cylindrical, 1 inch (2.5 cm) diameter, stainless steel weight that is machined to closely fit without binding in the cylinder.
Unless specified otherwise, a sample 410 corresponding to a layer of at least about 300 gsm. (0.16 g) of superabsorbent polymer composition particles is utilized for testing the AUL. The sample 410 is taken from superabsorbent polymer composition particles that are pre-screened through U.S. standard #30 mesh and retained on U.S. std. #50 mesh. The superabsorbent polymer composition particles can be pre-screened with, for example, a RO-TAP® Mechanical Sieve Shaker Model B available from W. S. Tyler, Inc., Mentor Ohio. Sieving is conducted for about 10 minutes.
The inside of the cylinder 412 is wiped with an antistatic cloth prior to placing the superabsorbent polymer composition particles 410 into the cylinder 412.
The desired amount of the sample of sieved superabsorbent polymer composition particles 410 (about 0.16 g) is weighed out on a weigh paper and evenly distributed on the wire cloth 414 at the bottom of the cylinder 412. The weight of the superabsorbent polymer composition particles in the bottom of the cylinder is recorded as ‘SA,’ for use in the AUL calculation described below. Care is taken to be sure no superabsorbent polymer particles cling to the wall of the cylinder. After carefully placing the 4.4 g piston 412 and 317 g weight 418 on the superabsorbent polymer composition particles 410 in the cylinder 412, the AUL assembly 400 including the cylinder, piston, weight, and superabsorbent polymer composition particles is weighed, and the weight is recorded as weight ‘A’.
A sintered glass frit 424 (described above) is placed in the plastic tray 420, with saline 422 added to a level equal to that of the upper surface of the glass frit 424. A single circle of filter paper 426 is placed gently on the glass frit 424, and the AUL assembly 400 with the superabsorbent polymer composition particles 410 is then placed on top of the filter paper 426. The AUL assembly 400 is then allowed to remain on top of the filter paper 426 for a test period of one hour, with attention paid to keeping the saline level in the tray constant. At the end of the one hour test period, the AUL apparatus is then weighed, with this value recorded as weight ‘B.’
The AUL(0.9 psi) is calculated as follows:
AUL(0.9 psi)=(B−A)/SA
A=Weight of AUL Unit with dry SAP
B=Weight of AUL Unit with SAP after 60 minutes absorption
SA=Actual SAP weight
A minimum of two tests is performed and the results are averaged to determine the AUL value under 0.9 psi load. The samples are tested at about 23° C. and about 50% relative humidity.
Vortex Time
General Description: The vortex test measures the amount of time in seconds required for 2 grams of a superabsorbent polymer composition to close a vortex created by stirring 50 milliliters of saline solution at 600 revolutions per minute on a magnetic stir plate. The time it takes for the vortex to close is an indication of the free swell absorbing rate of the superabsorbent polymer composition.
Equipment & Materials
1. Beaker, 100 milliliter
2. Programmable magnetic stir plate, capable of providing 600 revolutions per minute (such as that commercially available from PMC Industries as Dataplate®. Model #721).
3. Magnetic stir bar without rings, 7.9 millimeters.times.32 millimeters, Teflon™ covered (such as that commercially available from Baxter Diagnostics, under the trade designation S/PRIM. brand single pack round stirring bars with removable pivot ring).
4. Stopwatch
5. Balance, accurate to +/−.0.01 gram
6. Saline solution, 0.87 w/w percent, Blood Bank Saline available from Baxter Diagnostics (considered, herein to be the equivalent of 0.9 weight percent saline)
7. Weighing paper
8. Room with standard condition atmosphere: Temperature=23° C.+/−1° C. and Relative Humidity=50%+/−2%.
1. Measure 50 g+/−0.01 gram of saline solution into the 100 milliliter beaker.
2. Place the magnetic stir bar into the beaker.
3. Program the magnetic stir plate to 600 revolutions per minute.
4. Place the beaker on the center of the magnetic stir plate such that the magnetic stir bar is activated. The bottom of the vortex should be near the top of the stir bar.
5. Weigh out 2 g+/−0.01 gram of the superabsorbent polymer composition to be tested on weighing paper.
NOTE: The superabsorbent polymer composition is tested as received (i.e. as it would go into an absorbent composite such as those described herein). No screening to a specific particle size is done, though the particle size is known to have an effect on this test.
6. While the saline solution is being stirred, quickly pour the superabsorbent polymer composition to be tested into the saline solution and start the stopwatch. The superabsorbent polymer composition to be tested should be added to the saline solution between the center of the vortex and the side of the beaker.
7. Stop the stopwatch when the surface of the saline solution becomes flat and record the time.
8. The time, recorded in seconds, is reported as the Vortex Time.
The following comparative examples and examples, and preproduct therefore, are provided to illustrate the invention and do not limit the scope of the claims. Unless otherwise stated all parts, and percentages are by weight.
SAP Preproduct
Into a polyethylene container equipped with an agitator and cooling coils was added 482 grams of 50% NaOH and 821 grams of distilled water and cooled to 20° C. 207 grams of glacial acrylic acid was then added to the caustic solution and the solution again cooled to 20° C. Specific amount of internal crosslinkers in accordance with Tables 2 to 3 for Comparative Examples 1 to 7 and Examples 1 to 18, and 413 grams of glacial acrylic acid were added to the first solution, followed by cooling to 4-6° C. Nitrogen was bubbled through the monomer solution for about 10 minutes. The cooling coils were removed from the container. To the monomer solution was added 20 g of 1% by weight of H2O2 aqueous solution, 30 g of 2 wt % aqueous sodium persulfate solution, and 18 g of 0.5 wt % aqueous sodium erythorbate solution to initiate polymerization reaction. The agitator was stopped and the initiated monomer was allowed to polymerize for 20 minutes. The resulting hydrogel was chopped and extruded with a Hobart 4M6 commercial extruder, followed by drying in a Procter & Schwartz Model 062 forced air oven at 175° C. for 12 minutes with up flow and 6 minutes with down flow air on a 20 in×40 in perforated metal tray to a final product moisture level of less than 5 wt %. The dried material was coarse-ground in a Prodeva Model 315-S crusher, milled in an MPI 666-F three-stage roller mill and sieved with a Minox MTS 600DS3V to remove particles greater than 850 μm and smaller than 150 μm.
Comparative Examples 1 to 6
In accordance with Table 2 for Comparative Examples 1 to 6, crosslinkers and silicon compounds were added into the monomer solution in the SAP Preproduct to prepare superabsorbent polymers.
Comparative examples 1 to 5 demonstrate that silane or silicate compounds without carbon-carbon double bonds are not effective internal crosslinkers for polyacrylate based superabsorbent polymers. In addition, CRC Increase was not observed in these comparative examples.
Comparative example 6 demonstrates that 3-trimethoxysily propyl methacrylate is an effective crosslinker for superabsorbent polymers. But CRC Increase was not observed in this case. The crosslinking formed by 3-trimethoxysily propyl methacrylate probably is stable over the time. The chemical structure of 3-trimethoxysily propyl methacrylate is shown below.
Internal CRC(rt, CRC(rt,
Sample crosslinker Silane Crosslinker 0.5 hr) 16 hr)
CE 1 0.4% of A* none 47.3 47.8
CE 2 0.4% of A 1% sodium methylsilicate 48.9 50.2
CE 3 0.4% of A 1% of methyltrimethoxy 49.7 50.8
silane
CE 4 0.4% of A 1% of tetraethoxy 51.9 52.4
orthosilicate
CE 5 0.4% of A 1% of tetraacetoxysilicate 51.8 52.4
CE 6 0.4% of A 0.5% of 3-trimethoxysily 25.2 26.0
propyl methacrylate
*Crosslinker A: polyethylene glycol monoallylether acrylate,
Comparative Example 7 and Examples 1 to 13
In accordance with Table 3 for Comparative Example 7 and Examples 1 to 13, conventional crosslinker(s) and/or silicon crosslinker(s) were added into the monomer solution of the SAP Preproduct to prepare superabsorbent polymers.
The results in Table 3 indicate that the CRC of samples Ex 1 to 13 increases over the time either at room temperature or body temperature. In addition, CRC increases with the increase of the testing temperature. Furthermore, CRC increases faster at body temperature than at room temperature.
In comparison, sample CE 7 which comprises only conventional internal crosslinker shows essentially constant CRC over the time or at different temperatures.
Internal Silane or siloxane CRC (rt, CRC (rt, CRC (bt, CRC (bt,
Ex Crosslinker crosslinker 0.5 hr) 5 hrs) 0.5 hr) 5 hrs)
CE 7 0.5% of A*, and none 43 43.9 43.4 42.7
0.25% of C***
Ex 1 none 1% of Dynasylan ® 27.1 41.3 39.1 78.3
Ex 2 0.4% of A 1% 30.5 37.9 36.2 47.7
vinyltriisopropenoxy
Ex 3 0.4% of A 1% vinyltriacetoxy 27.4 34.7 33.9 45.2
Ex 4 0.4% of A 1% vinyltrimethoxy 20.6 27.2 26.2 40.9
Ex 5 0.4% of A 1% vinyltriethoxy 20.5 28.8 27.8 43.5
diethoxymethylvinyl
Ex 7 0.4% of A 1% of Dynasylan ® 39.6 45.2 44.6 49.4
Ex 8 0.4% of A 0.5% of Dynasylan ® 26.1 33.7 32.6 44.4
Ex 9 0.4% of A 0.375% of 30.2 35.5 33.5 43.1
Dynasylan ® 6490
Ex 10 0.2% of A, and 0.5% of Dynasylan ® 26.1 33.6 32.4 41.3
0.1% of B** 6490
Ex 11 0.2% of A, and 0.25% of 41.4 48.2 46.2 56.3
0.1% of C Dynasylan ® 6490
Ex 12 0.2% of A, and 0.375% of 35.2 42.2 40.2 52.2
0.1% of C 6490
**Crosslinker B: ethoxylated trimethylol propane triacrylate (SARTOMER ® 454 product)
***Crosslinker C: polyethylene glycol 300 diacrylate
Comparative Example 8
100 g of the product obtained from Comparative Example 7 was blended uniformly with 0.5% of Sipernat® 22s (commercially available from Evonik-Degussa Corporation), followed by the uniform spray application of a solution containing 1 wt % ethylene carbonate and 4 wt % of water using a finely atomized spray while the SAP particles are fluidized in air. The coated material was then heated at 185° C. for 55 minutes at in a convection oven. The product was cooled and sieved to remove particles greater than 850 μm and smaller than 150 μm.
100 g of the product obtained from Example 12 was blended uniformly with 0.5% of Sipernat® 22s, followed by the uniform spray application of a solution containing 1 wt % ethylene carbonate and 4 wt % of water using a finely atomized spray while the SAP particles are fluidized in air. The coated material was then heated at 185° C. for 55 minutes at in a convection oven. The product was cooled and sieved to remove particles greater than 850 μm and smaller than 150 μm.
Similar to Example 14 except the product from Example 13 was used as the base polymer and the coated material was heated for 40 minutes at 185° C.
100 g of the product obtained from Example 12 was blended uniformly with 0.5% of Sipernat® 22s, followed by the uniform spray application of a solution containing 1 wt % ethylene carbonate, 200 ppm of maleated polypropylene, and 4 wt % of water using a finely atomized spray while the SAP particles are fluidized in air. The coated material was then heated at 185° C. for 55 minutes at in a convection oven. The product was cooled and sieved to remove particles greater than 850 μm and smaller than 150 μm.
100 g of the product obtained from Example 12 was blended uniformly with 0.5% of Sipernat® 22s, followed by the uniform spray application of a solution containing 1 wt % ethylene carbonate, 200 ppm of maleated polypropylene, 0.25% of aluminum phosphate, and 4 wt % of water using a finely atomized spray while the SAP particles are fluidized in air. The coated material was then heated at 185° C. for 55 minutes at in a convection oven. The product was cooled and sieved to remove particles greater than 850 μm and smaller than 150 μm.
100 g of the product obtained from Example 17 was coated with a solution containing 0.2 wt % of polyvinylamine (Lupamin® 9025), 0.1% of PEG-8000, and 3 wt % of water using a finely atomized spray while the SAP particles are fluidized in air. The coated material was relaxed at room temperature for overnight and sieved to remove particles greater than 850 μm and smaller than 150 μm.
100 g of the product obtained from Example 12 was coated with a solution containing 1 wt % ethylene carbonate, 1% of aluminum sulfate, 200 ppm of maleated polypropylene, and 4 wt % of water using a finely atomized spray while the SAP particles are fluidized in air. The coated material was then heated at 185° C. for 55 minutes at in a convection oven. The product was cooled and sieved to remove particles greater than 850 μm and smaller than 150 μm.
Table 4 summarizes the results for surface crosslinked and surface treated samples. As we can see from Table 4, the CRC(rt,0.5 hr), CRC(rt,5 hr), CRC(bt,0.5 hr), and CRC(bt,5 hr) of samples Ex 14 to 19 increases over the time either at room temperature or body temperature. In addition, CRC increases with the increase of the testing temperature. Furthermore, CRC increases faster at body temperature than at room temperature. In comparison, sample CE 8 which comprises only conventional internal crosslinker shows essentially constant CRC over the time or at different temperatures.
CRC CRC CRC CRC
(rt, (rt, 5 (bt, 0.5 (bt, 5 AUL
Ex 0.5 hr) hrs) hr) hrs) (0.9 psi) GBP
CE 8 35.5 36.9 36.5 35.9 12.9 23
Ex 14 29.0 34.3 33.5 41.2 17.3 54
Ex 15 27.9 34.5 33 41.9 15.8 49
Ex 17 26.3 30.2 29.9 34.8 18.9 100
Table 5 shows the values of the CRCI, CRCIR, and vortex time for CE7-8 and examples 1-19.
CRCI(rt) CRCI(bt) CRCIR(rt) CRCIR(bt) Vortex
Ex (g/g) (g/g) (g/g/hour) (g/g/hour) Time (sec)
CE 7 0.9 −0.3 0.20 −0.16 87
CE 8 1.4 0.4 0.31 −0.13 85
Ex 1 14.2 51.2 3.15 8.70 105
Ex 2 7.4 17.2 1.65 2.56 115
Ex 3 7.3 17.8 1.62 2.53 n/a
Ex 6 9.7 11.9 2.16 0.66 97
Ex 7 5.6 9.8 1.25 1.06 85
Ex 10 7.5 15.2 1.66 1.99 112
Ex 11 6.8 14.9 1.51 2.24 84
Ex 16 3.8 8.1 0.84 0.99 95
Ex 17 3.9 8.5 0.87 1.09 103
As shown in Table 5, the CRCIR(rt) and CRCIR(bt) of Examples 1 to 19 are higher than 0.4 g/g/hour, while the increase rates of Comparative examples 7 and 8 are lower than 0.4 g/g/hour. As shown in Table 5, particulate superabsorbent polymer compositions of the present invention have Vortex times comparable to conventional SAP compositions.
To further illustrate that the present capacity increase SAP compositions having have an improved ability to absorb, retain and distribute liquids in absorbent articles, laboratory diaper cores containing the present capacity increase SAP compositions were prepared and compared to laboratory diaper cores containing a conventional SAP. In particular, the following the diaper cores were prepared:
Core A—60% of conventional SAP (as in CE 8), and 40% fluff pulp, by weight,
Core B—60% of capacity increase SAP (as in Ex 14), and 40% fluff pulp, by weight
Handsheets (laboratory diaper cores) were prepared using standard airforming handsheet equipment. The resulting handsheet composites had dimensions of 25.4 cm wide by 43.2 cm long.
The handsheets were produced with the following procedure. A sheet of the forming tissue was placed on the bottom of the former. Then, the superabsorbent polymer composition and the fluff were each divided into about equal portions (i.e. 6 portions of fluff and 5 portions of particulate materials). Each fluff portion and particulate materials portion was alternatively introduced into the top of the former, allowing the compressed air to mix the fluff and particulate materials while the vacuum drew the material through the forming chamber and onto the forming tissue. This process was continued until the last portion of fluff was consumed, forming a substantially uniform distribution of fluff and particulate materials. This yielded absorbent composites which had a basis weight 500 gsm. Following web formation, another layer of the above forming tissue was placed on top of the formed composite. The resulting handsheet composite was compressed to achieve the desired density of approximately 0.26 g/cc prior to testing, using for example a CARVER PRESS model #4531 (available from Carver, Inc., having a place of business in Wabash, Ind. U.S.A.). Following handsheet preparation and densification, samples were cut to 7.6 cm×7.6 cm circles for core testing.
Fluid Intake as used in Table 6 was tested according to the Fluid Intake Evaluation Test described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,073,373 and Core Retention Capacity as used in Table 6 was tested according to the Liquid Saturation Retention Capacity Test described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,073,373, except the diaper cores were soaked in the test liquid at 37° C. for 5 hours. Table 6 contains the test results. The Fluid Intake Evaluation Test including FIGS. 4 and 5, and the Liquid Saturation Retention Capacity Test including FIG. 3, as set forth in U.S. Pat. No. 7,073,373, are incorporated by reference into the present application.
Insult 1st Fluid 2nd Fluid 3rd Fluid 4th Fluid Core Retention
amount Intake Intake Intake Intake Capacity
Code SAP (g) Time (sec) Time (sec) Time (sec) Time (sec) (g/g)
Code A CE 8 16.0 20.8 12.3 24.2 44.1 23.8
Code B Ex 14 16.0 19.3 9.8 17.2 32.4 25.6
The data presented in Table 6 demonstrate that a diaper core of the present invention shows an improved fluid intake time and an increased core retention capacity. The practical result of these improved properties is a core having an improved ability to prevent leakage in gush situations and maintain dryness.
Notwithstanding that the numerical ranges and parameters setting forth the broad scope of the invention are approximations, the numerical values set forth in the specific examples are reported as precisely as possible. Other than in the operating examples, or where otherwise indicated, all numbers expressing quantities of ingredients, reaction conditions, and so forth used in the specification and claims are to be understood as being modified in all instances by the term “about.” Any numerical value, however, inherently contain certain errors necessarily resulting from the standard deviation found in their respective testing measurements.
1. A particulate superabsorbent polymer comprising a polymerized monomer selected from an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid, ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid anhydride, salts or derivatives thereof, and an internal crosslinker agent comprising an internal crosslinking agent wherein the internal crosslinker agent comprises a silane compound comprising at least one vinyl group or allyl group and at least one Si—O bond wherein the vinyl group or allyl group is directly attached to a silicon atom, wherein the particulate superabsorbent polymer has a Centrifuge Retention Capacity (CRC) Increase of 2 g/g or more based on
CRC Increase=CRC(rt,5 hr)−CRC(rt,0.5 hr)
wherein CRC Increase measures the increase in the CRC that occurs and is calculated as the difference between the second CRC Test and the first CRC, and rt refers to room temperature.
2. The particulate superabsorbent polymer of claim 1, wherein said silane compound is selected from one of the following
m represents an integer of from 1 to 2,
n represents an integer of from 2 to 3,
l represents an integer of from 0 to 1,
m+n+1=4,
3. The particulate superabsorbent polymer according to claim 2 wherein said silane compound is selected from vinyltriisopropenoxy silane, vinyltriacetoxysilane, vinyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane, diethoxymethylvinyl silane, and polysiloxane comprising at least two vinyl groups.
4. The particulate superabsorbent polymer of claim 2 further comprising a second internal crosslinker agent.
5. The particulate superabsorbent polymer of claim 1 having a Centrifuge Retention Capacity Increase of from 2 g/g to 50 g/g based on
wherein CRC Increase measures the increase in the CRC that occurs and is calculated as the difference between the second CRC Test and the first CRC and, rt refers to room temperature.
6. The particulate superabsorbent polymer of claim 1 wherein the polymerized monomer having a neutralization of at least 50 mol %.
7. The particulate superabsorbent polymer of claim 1 having a Centrifuge Retention Capacity Increase Rate of from 0.4 g/g/hr to about 10 g/g/hr based on CRC Increase=CRC (rt,5 hr)−CRC(rt,0.5 hr) wherein CRC Increase rate measures the ability of the particulate superabsorbent polymer to gain additional CRC over the time when contacted with a liquid.
8. The particulate superabsorbent polymer of claim 1 having a Centrifuge Retention Capacity measured at body temperature (CRC(bt)) and a Centrifuge Retention Capacity measured at room temperature (CRC(rt)) wherein CRC(bt) and CRC(rt) have the same testing time and CRC(bt) is about 2 g/g to about 20 g/g higher than CRC(rt) wherein CRC Increase rate measures the ability of the particulate superabsorbent polymer to gain additional CRC over the time when contacted with a liquid, and bt refers to body temperature.
9. A superabsorbent polymer comprising a monomer selected from an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid, ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid anhydride, salts or derivatives thereof, and an internal crosslinker agent comprising a silane compound comprising at least one vinyl group or allyl group and at least one Si—O bond wherein the vinyl group or allyl group is directly attached to a silicon atom, wherein the particulate superabsorbent polymer has a Centrifuge Retention Capacity Increase of 2 g/g or more based on the difference between the first Centrifuge Retention Capacity taken at 23° C. and second Centrifuge Retention Capacity taken at 50° C., wherein CRC Increase measures the increase in the CRC that occurs and is calculated as the difference between the second CRC Test and the first CRC.
10. The superabsorbent polymer of claim 9, wherein said silane compound is selected from one of the following
11. The superabsorbent polymer of claim 9 having a Gel Bed Permeability of from about 10×10−8 cm2 to about 300×10−8 cm 2.
12. The superabsorbent polymer of claim 9 having an Absorbency Under Load at about 0.9 psi (AUL(0.9 psi)) from about 12 g/g to about 30 g/g.
13. A particulate superabsorbent polymer composition comprising a superabsorbent polymer comprising:
a) at least one monomer selected from an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid, ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid anhydride, salts or derivatives thereof based on the superabsorbent polymer;
b) from about 0.001% by weight to about S % by weight of a first internal crosslinking agent and second internal crosslinking agent, based on the monomer of a) wherein the first internal crosslinking agent comprises a silane compound comprising at least one vinyl group or allyl group and at least one Si—O bond wherein the vinyl group or allyl group is directly attached to a silicon atom; and
c) a salt forming cation wherein the superabsorbent polymer has a degree of neutralization of greater than about 25%; wherein elements a), b) and c) are polymerized into a crosslinked hydrogel, which is then prepared into superabsorbent polymer particles; and the superabsorbent polymer composition further comprises a surface cross linking agent, wherein said superabsorbent polymer has a Centrifuge Retention Capacity Increase of from 2 g/g to about 50 g/g based on
14. The particulate superabsorbent polymer composition of claim 13 wherein said silane compound is selected from one of the following
15. A method to make a particulate superabsorbent polymer comprising the steps of:
a) preparing a superabsorbent polymer by the process of polymerizing of at least one monomer selected from an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid, ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid anhydride, salts or derivatives thereof based on the superabsorbent polymer, and from about 0.001% by weight to about 5% by weight of an internal cross linking agent comprising a silane compound comprising at least one vinyl group or allyl group and at least one Si—O bond wherein the vinyl group or allyl group is directly attached to a silicon atom:
b) polymerizing the components of a) into a hydrogel;
c) preparing particulate superabsorbent polymer from the superabsorbent polymer;
d) treating the superabsorbent polymer particles with surface additives including a surface crosslinking agent based on the particulate superabsorbent polymer, wherein said superabsorbent polymer has a Centrifuge Retention Capacity Increase of from 2 g/g to about 50 g/g based on
16. The method of claim 15 wherein said silane compound is selected from one of the following
17. The particulate superabsorbent polymer of claim 4 wherein the second internal crosslinker is selected from polyethylene glycol monoallyl ether acrylate, ethoxylated trimethylol propane triacrylate, or polyethylene glycol diacrylate.
18. The particulate superabsorbent polymer of claim 1 having an initial Centrifuge Retention Capacity of from about 20 g/g to about 50 g/g based on
19. The particulate superabsorbent polymer of claim 1 having a Centrifuge Retention Capacity Increase of from about 3 g/g to about 40 g/g based on
20. The superabsorbent polymer of claim 9 wherein said silane compound is selected from vinyltriisopropenoxy silane, vinyltriacetoxysilane, vinyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane, diethoxymethylvinyl silane, and polysiloxane comprising at least two vinyl groups.
21. The superabsorbent polymer of claim 9 further comprising a second internal crosslinker.
22. The superabsorbent polymer composition of claim 21 wherein the second internal crosslinker is selected from polyethylene glycol monoallyl ether acrylate, ethoxylated trimethylol propane triacrylate, or polyethylene glycol diacrylate.
23. The superabsorbent polymer of claim 9 having an initial Centrifuge Retention Capacity of from about 20 g/g to about 50 g/g and a Centrifuge Retention Capacity Increase of from 2 g/g to about 50 g/g based on
24. The particulate superabsorbent polymer of claim 9 having a Centrifuge Retention Capacity Increase Rate of from about 0.4 g/g/hr to about 10 g/g/hr based on
wherein CRC Increase rate measures the ability of the particulate superabsorbent polymer to gain additional CRC over the time when contacted with a liquid.
25. The particulate superabsorbent polymer of claim 9 having a Centrifuge Retention Capacity measured at body temperature (CRC(bt)) and a Centrifuge Retention Capacity measured at room temperature (CRC(rt)) wherein CRC(bt) and CRC (rt) have the same testing time and CRC(bt) is about 2 g/g to 20 g/g higher than CRC(rt).
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Epidemiology of tuberculosis and treatment outcomes among children in Pakistan: a 5 year retrospective study
PeerJ - the journal @thePeerJ 353 days ago
Epidemiology of tuberculosis and treatment outcomes among children in Pakistan: a 5 year retrospective study https://t.co/WLq4Bma60c
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Madeeha Laghari1, Syed Azhar Syed Sulaiman1, Amer Hayat Khan1, Naheed Memon2
1Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
2College of Pharmacy, Liaquat University of Medical & Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan
10.7717/peerj.5253
Academic Editor
Padmapriya Banada
Infectious Diseases, Pediatrics
Tuberculosis, Childhood, Pakistan, Treatment outcomes
© 2018 Laghari et al.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, reproduction and adaptation in any medium and for any purpose provided that it is properly attributed. For attribution, the original author(s), title, publication source (PeerJ) and either DOI or URL of the article must be cited.
Laghari M, Sulaiman SAS, Khan AH, Memon N. 2018. Epidemiology of tuberculosis and treatment outcomes among children in Pakistan: a 5 year retrospective study. PeerJ 6:e5253 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5253
The authors have chosen to make the review history of this article public.
Regardless of the advancement in medical technologies, the diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) in children has remained a challenge. Childhood TB is rampant and an important cause of morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study was to determine the trend of TB and treatment outcomes in children aged ≤14 years registered for TB treatment under DOTS course in three districts of Sindh, Pakistan.
For this retrospective study, records of TB children (≤14 years) registered for the treatment of TB from January 2011 to December 2015 in three districts of Pakistan, were collected. Demographic data, baseline weight, clinical manifestations, radiography, histopathology results and treatment outcomes were collected from TB unit registers.
A total of 2,167 children were treated for TB during the study period. Of these, 1,199 (55.3%) were females and 1,242 (57.3%) were from urban areas. Over three-quarter of patients (76.9%) had pulmonary TB with 13.3% of sputum smear positive cases. The overall treatment success rate was 92.4%. In multivariate analysis, rural residents (OR: 2.146, p < 0.001), sputum smear positive cases (OR: 3.409, p < 0.001) and re-treated patients (OR: 5.919, p < 0.001), were significantly associated with unsuccessful treatment outcomes. However, age group ≤2 years, male and those who were underweight were found to have the highest risk of pulmonary tuberculosis (OR: 1.953, p < 0.001; OR: 1.262, p = 0.028; OR: 1.342, p = 0.008), respectively.
Patients at risk of treatment failure must be given particular attention. Moreover, strategies are needed to further improve the diagnosis and treatment of TB among children and improve the recording system.
Tuberculosis (TB) is the ninth leading cause of death at a global level, ranking higher than Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS). During 2016, 10.4 million new TB cases were detected worldwide, of which 90% adults and 65% were male. During the same year, children aged <15 years comprised up to 6.9% of the notified new TB cases (WHO, 2017). According to a WHO report, a continuous rise has been seen in case detection rate of childhood TB worldwide with a parallel increase in the death toll of children with TB. In mathematical modelling study, it was estimated that 239,000 children died from TB in 2015 (Dodd et al., 2017).
Childhood TB has traditionally been unnoticed by practitioners, researchers, and experts partially, because of the notion that children are rarely infectious and therefore add little to the dissemination of disease (Adams et al., 2014). Without successful detection and treatment of TB infection both in adults and children, eradication strategies will be unproductive and attempts at epidemic TB control will be failed in future. This is because children present the repository for new cases to develop in future (Seddon & Shingadia, 2014).
However, concern about childhood TB has increased significantly and in 2012, an annual WHO report included an estimation of childhood TB was included for the first time (WorldHealthOragnization, 2012). Childhood TB is rampant and an important cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries owing to poor socio-economic conditions, starvation, overcapacity, HIV co-infection (Glaziou et al., 2013) and the high prevalence of TB in adults contacts (Tilahun & Gebre-Selassie, 2016).
Pakistan stands among the eleven high TB burden countries and was one of the six countries that stands out as having the largest number of cases in 2014 (World Health Oragnization, 2015). In 2016, of the total estimated incidence, 518,000 TB cases were notified in Pakistan, of which 51,000 were cases of children aged ≤14 years. Pakistan together with India, Indonesia, China, and Philippines accounted for 56% of the global total incident cases in 2016 (WHO, 2017).
Sindh is a multicultural province of Pakistan and is portrayed by an extensive gap between rich and destitute individuals with unequal access to health services. Inhabitants of low-wage neighbourhoods, for instance, suffer from overcrowding and malnutrition. Consequently, they are susceptible to developing TB (Akhtar, Carpenter & Rathi, 2007). In Pakistan, research contribution in childhood TB is still narrow and only few studies have been conducted until now. However, to the best of our knowledge this was the first study to discuss proportion of childhood TB cases treatment outcomes among children in Sindh province, particularly in studied districts.
The objectives of the study were to describe the trend of TB and treatment outcomes with the risks of treatment failure in children aged ≤14 years.
Ethical approvals were issued by the relevant Institutional Research and Ethics Boards (IREBs) of Shah Bhitae Hospital Latifabad, Hyderabad Liaquat University Hospital Hyderabad / Jamshoro, Sindh Government Hospital Qasimabad, Hyderabad, Sayed Baqadar Shah Civil Hospital Matiari and Institute of chest diseases Kotri Sindh, Pakistan, (Vide Letter No: SBGH/L.ABAD HYD-1575; Dated: 13-04-17, LUH/Estt/-23176/14; Dated: 06-08-2016, MS-SGHQ/HYD/2187: Dated:13-04-17, CS/CH/MAT:1761; Dated:18-05-16 and ICDK/771; Dated: 12-04-17, respectively).
Study design and data collection
This was a retrospective study. Data was collected from January 2011 to December 2015 for children suffering from TB and registered under DOTS. In order to determine the proportion of childhood cases, total TB cases including the numbers of adults were collected from TB registers. The registers contain information regarding the socio-demography (age, gender, and residence), clinical manifestations and laboratory examination (sputum or gastric aspirates microbiology, HIV status, radiography and histopathology results). All that information was transferred on a data collection form specially designed for the study. Patients were grouped as ≤2 years, 3 to 5 years, 6 to 10 years and 11 to 14 years. Body weight was calculated in percentiles using the data table of weight for age charts by Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Patients with weight <5 percentiles were recorded as underweight and those with ≥95 percentiles were considered as overweight (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention NCfHS, 2001).
Figure 1: NTP flow chart for assessment of a child with suspected TB.
*, Negative TST does not rule out TB, evaluate further if strongly suspected. **, prolong illness like cough, fever, weight loss, abdominal mass, lymphadenopathy and history of contact with TB case in family. ***, Absence of above.
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5253/fig-1
Children with TB are diagnosed and treated according to NTP under the DOTS strategy (Fig. 1). Each child with clinical symptoms including a cough lasting for ≥2 weeks, fever, night sweats, dyspnoea and sputum production were examined. Assessment of nutritional status was done based on weight-for-age data from weight-for-age charts (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2001). Children were diagnosed as having TB by considering suggestive clinical features, the history of contact, positive TST (≥10 mm was considered positive) (WHO, 2014), scoring charts (suggested by the Pakistan Paediatric Association) and evidence of TB in chest X-ray (CXR) for pulmonary TB (PTB). Culture and Xpert MTB/RIF assays were used as add-on tests and specifically performed to exclude resistant TB. Furthermore, common forms of EPTB were diagnosed based on a positive result of an appropriate test: peripheral lymphadenitis: lymph node biopsy or fine needle aspiration (FNAC); miliary TB: CXR; TB meningitis: lumbar puncture with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis or cerebral computed Tomography (CT); pleural effusion TB: CXR and pleural tap; abdominal TB: abdominal ultrasound and ascetic tap; and bones/joints TB: X-ray, joint tap or synovial biopsy (National TB Control Program, 2015).
The regimen was prescribed on a category basis. The four treatment categories are as follows: Category-I is new smear positive PTB (PTB+), severe forms of new extra-pulmonary TB (EPTB), new severe concomitant HIV disease and TB meningitis. Category-II is previously treated PTB+ (relapse, treatment after interruption and treatment failure). Category-III comprises new smear negative PTB (PTB-) and less severe forms of EPTB. Category-IV includes chronic and multidrug resistant TB (MDR-TB). The children diagnosed with TB always have an intensive phase of 2 to 3 months and a continuation phase of 4 to 6 months. The anti-TB drugs dosage depends on body weight and category of patient.
Treatment of children with TB aged ≤14 years as per NTP is given in Table 1. NTP follows the treatment and dosage criteria as recommended by WHO (WHO, 2010). Patients weighing <5 kg are treated with individualized dosages while those weighing more than 30 kg are treated using adult dosages.
Dosage of first-line anti-TB drugs for children based on NTP and WHO.
Recommended daily dose for first line anti-TB drugs for children
Anti-TB drugs
Dose and range (mg/kg)
Maximum dose (mg)
Isoniazid (H) 10 (7–15) 300
Rifampicin (R) 15 (10–20) 600
Pyrazinamide (Z) 35 (30–40) –
Ethambutol (E) 20 (15–25) –
Recommended treatment regimens for TB in children
TB diagnostic category
Anti-TB drug regimens
Intensive phase
Continuous phase
Smear negative pulmonary TB 2RHZ 4RH
Intrathoracic lymph node TB
Tuberculosis peripheral lympadenitis
Extensive pulmonary TB 2RHZE 4RH
Smear positive pulmonary TB
Severe forms of extra-pulmonary TB
(other than TB meningitis/osteoarticular TB)
TB meningitis/osteoarticular TB 2RHZE 10RH
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5253/table-1
According to the WHO (World Health Oragnization, 2014), patients who were stated “cured” and/or had “completed treatment” were termed as a “treatment success”, and all those patients who had defaulted, died, or experienced treatment failure were reported under the category of “unsuccessful treatment”. A cured patient was a bacteriologically confirmed PTB patient and became smear negative in the last month of treatment and on at least one previous occasion. Treatment completed included TB patients who completed treatment with no record to show smear negative in the last month of treatment and on at least one previous occasion.
Defaulters patients were those whose treatment was interrupted for 2 consecutive months or more for any reason and failure patients were those whose sputum smear was positive at 5 months of treatment or later.
Data was entered and analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) for Windows, version 24. Frequencies of categorical variables were generated by descriptive statistical methods. Comparisons in categorical groups were performed using the chi-square test. A logistic regression model was used to determine the predictors of unsuccessful outcome and PTB. P values <0.05 were considered statistically significant.
Proportion and trend of notification cases of childhood TB
Figure 2 shows the proportion of childhood TB cases at the study site. During 2011 to 2015, childhood TB accounted 11.3% (216719219) of all TB burden in three districts. The Proportion of childhood TB ranged from 8.5% in 2011 to 18% in 2015. In 2012, 2013 and 2014, the child cases represented 8.5%, 8.8% and 9.9% respectively, of overall TB cases at the study site. Differences in the proportion of childhood TB between the districts were observed, with the highest being in Jamshoro district and the lowest in the Matiari district.
Figure 2: Proportion of childhood TB burden in five hospitals (2011–2015).
SBGH-LH, Shah Bhitai Government Hospital, Latifabad, Hyderabad; SGH-QH, Sindh Government Hospital Qasimabad, Hyderabad; LUMHS-CHH, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences Civil Hospital Hyderabad; SBS-THM, Syed Baqadar Shah Taluka Hospital, Matiari; ICDK, Institute of Chest Diseases Kotri, Sindh. The figure shows of childhood TB cases in all five hospitals. The trend varied greatly for all these hospitals during study time. SBGH-LH and ICDK had maximum cases in 2015. For SGH-QH highest cases were noted during 2011, LUMHS-CHH in 2012 and SBS-THM in 2014.
A total of 2,167 patients meeting the inclusion criteria were enrolled in the study. In Hyderabad, childhood TB cases are registered at Sindh Government Hospital Qasimabad, Hyderabad (SGH-QH), Shah Bhitai Government Hospital, Latifabad, Hyderabad (SBGH-LH) and Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences Civil Hospital, Hyderabad (LUMHS-CHH) where treatment is provided under the DOTS program. Among these three hospitals, the maximum numbers of patients were registered in LUMHS-CHH (487) as compared to SBGH-LH (136) and SGH-QH (52). Overall, the highest numbers of children with TB (1,172) were registered in the Institute of Chest Diseases Kotri, Sindh (ICDK) during the present study which was almost four times the number of cases (320) registered at Syed Baqadar Shah Taluka Hospital, Matiari (SBS-THM). The increased trend was observed from 2011 to 2015 in SBGH-LH and ICDK. Conversely, in SGH-QH and LUMHS-CHH, the highest numbers of cases were reported at the start of the study and then a steady decline was observed. For SBS-THM, the increasing trend was seen from 2011 to 2014, and that dropped off in 2015.
Trend of type of TB from 2011–2015
Initially, the proportion of PTB- was 15.2% that declined to 14.7% in 2012. A slight increase was noticed in the rate of PTB- (15.4%) during 2013 that dropped to 14% in 2014 but then went up to 15.6% at the end of the period. Conversely, the proportion of PTB+ was low (12.4%) during 2011 but then rose steadily to 13.4% and 14.2% in 2012 and 2013, respectively. The rate of PTB + subsequently descended from 12.7% in 2014 to 8.7% in 2015. In terms of EPTB, the rate gradually climbed between 2011 and 2014 (21.2–29.2%) (Fig. 3) and subsequently dropped to 18.7% at the end of study period.
Figure 3: Trend of type of TB during 5 years of study.
PTB−, smear negative pulmonary TB; PTB+, smear positive pulmonary TB; EPTB, extra-pulmonary TB. Trend of different types of TB were noticed for children from 2011 to 2015. There was a slight variability was seen for PTB−. The maximum fluctuation was observed for EPTB starting from 21.2% reaching up to 29.8% and then finally declining to 18.7%. A decreasing trend was seen for PTB+ among children.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients
Of the total 2,167 patients, 1,199 (55.3%) were females and 968 (44.7%) were males with a mean age of 7.4 ± 4.4 years. The majority of the children were aged between 11 to 14 years (33%) followed by 28% in the age group of 6 to 10 years. Children aged 3 to 5 years were the smallest group comprising 17% of the total (Table 2). Baseline weight was documented for all patients and 75.2% of them were found to be underweight. Over three-quarter, 1,666 (76.9%) of children were diagnosed with PTB. Of the total PTB cases, 331 (15.3%) had PTB- and 221 (10.2%) presented with PTB +. The remaining 1,114 (51.4%) of PTB cases were those who had no sputum examination (PTBNS). The majority (91%) of PTB+ were ≥9 years with the remaining 9% aged 7 to 8 years. In 501 cases of EPTB, peripheral lymphadenitis was the most frequent (62.4%) followed by 17.3% with abdominal TB (Table 2).
Socio-demographic and baseline clinical characteristics of children with TB in studied hospitals (n = 2,167).
Frequency (%)
Male 968 (44.7)
Female 1,199 (55.3)
≤2 461 (21.3)
3–5 384 (17.7)
6–10 607 (28)
11–14 715 (33)
Rural 925 (42.7)
Urban 1,242 (57.3)
Type of TB
Smear positive PTB (PTB+) 221 (10.2)
Smear negative PTB (PTB−) 331 (15.3)
PTB with unknown smear (PTBNS) 1,114 (51.4)
EPTB 501 (23.1)
EPTB site
Peripheral Lymph nodes 313 (62.5)
Abdominal 87 (17.4)
Pleural 32 (6.4)
Miliary 21 (4.2)
Bones/Joints 19 (3.8)
Meningitis 4 (0.8)
Skin 3 (0.6)
Others 22 (4.4)
Weight (percentiles)
Underweight* 1,629 (75.2)
Normal weight 538 (24.8)
Registration category
New 2,083 (96.1)
Retreated** 84 (3.9)
smear negative pulmonary TB
PTB+
PTBNS
pulmonary TB with unknown sputum
extra-pulmonary TB
Underweight*
‘5 percentiles
relapse, default and failure cases
Concerning therapeutic categorization, 2,083 (96.1%) were new cases (patients had either received no ATT or received for <1 month in the past) and 84 (3.9%) were cases of re-treatment (those received ATT >1 month in the past). Of re-treatment cases, 9 (10.7%) were registered as relapse cases, 28 (33.3%) were default, 14 (16.7%) were failure and 33 (39.3%) cases were recorded as others. Similarly, 41 (48.8%) presented with PTB+ and 20 (23.8%) had PTB- while 23 (27.4%) were cases of EPTB.
Risk factors of PTB
In univariate analysis, variables which had statistically significant positive association with PTB were being male (OR: 1.329, p = 0.006), age group ≤2 years (OR: 2.230, p < 0.001) and patients documented as underweight (OR: 1.285, p = 0.029) with higher odd ratios comparatively to their counterparts. There was no significant difference observed between rural and urban residents.
After adjusting for risk factors of PTB in univariate logistic regression, variables which were significantly associated with PTB in multivariate analysis were male (OR: 1.262, p = 0.029), children aged ≤2 years (OR: 1.953, p < 0.001) and those reported as underweight (OR: 1.342, p = 0.008) (Table 3).
Logistic regression analysis for predictors of PTB (n = 1,666).
Bold values indicate significant values.
Univariate analysis
Yes n (%)
No n (%)
COR (95% CI)
AOR (95% CI)
Male 771 (79.7) 197 (20.4) 1.329 (1.08–1.62) 0.006 1.262 (1.02–1.55) 0.028
Female 895 (74.6) 304 (25.4) 0.752 (0.61–0.92) 0.792 (0.64–0.97)
≤2 399 (86.6) 62 (13.4) 2.230 (1.67–2.97) <0.001 1.953 (1.36–2.79) <0.001
3–5 296 (77.1) 88 (22.9) 1.014 (0.78–1.31) 0.971 – –
6–10 451 (74.3) 156 (25.7) 0.921 (0.66–1.22) 0.050 0.868 (0.64–1.17) 0.356
11–14 520 (72.8) 195 (27.3) 0.712 (0.57–0.87) 0.001 0.820 (0.61–1.09) 0.181
Rural 715 (77.3) 210 (22.7) 1.042 (0.85–1.27) 0.691 – –
Urban 951 (76.6) 291 (23.4) 0.960 (0.78–1.17)
Underweight 1,271 (78) 358 (22) 1.285 (1.02–1.60) 0.029 1.342 (1.06–1.68) 0.008
Normal 395 (73.4) 143 (26.6) 0.778 (0.62–0.97) 0.745 (0.59–0.93)
Treatment outcomes
Among the 2,167 registered children, 56 (2.6%) had no documented treatment outcomes. Of 97.4% patients with documented treatment outcomes, 92.4% successfully completed treatment. There was no significant difference in the treatment success among male and female patients (p > 0.05). Children aged 11 to 14 years had the lowest treatment success (90.2%). The death rate was higher among ≤2 years (2.4%) followed by age group 3 to 5 years with a death rate of 1% (Table 4). The highest rate of default (5.6%) and failure (2.3%) was presented among those aged 11 to 14 years. Female patients had a non-significantly increased rate of default compared to male patients.
Treatment outcomes of patients as per national guidelines (n = 2111).
Cured n = 144 (6.8%)
Completed n = 1,806 (85.6%)
Failed n = 19 (0.9%)
Default n = 104 (4.9%)
Died n = 22 (1%)
Transferred out n = 16 (0.8%)
Total cases evaluated 2111 (%)
Male 56 (5.9) 827 (87.1) 4 (0.4) 44 (4.6) 13 (1.4) 6 (0.6) 950 (45) 0.092
Female 88 (7.6) 979 (84.3) 15 (1.3) 60 (5.2) 9 (0.8) 10 (0.9) 1,161 (55)
0–2 00 421 (92.3) 00 23 (5) 11 (2.4) 1 (0.2) 456 (21.6) <0.001
3–5 00 345 (93.3) 2 (0.5) 16 (4.3) 4 (1) 3 (0.8) 370 (17.5)
6–10 31 (5.3) 523 (89.2) 1 (0.2) 26 (4.4) 2 (0.3) 3 (0.5) 586 (27.8)
11–14 113 (16.2) 517 (74) 16 (2.3) 39 (5.6) 5 (0.7) 9 (1.3) 699 (33.1)
Rural 61 (6.8) 744 (82.6) 10 (1.1) 68 (7.5) 11 (1.2) 7 (0.8) 901 (42.7) <0.001
Urban 83 (6.9) 1,062 (87.8) 9 (0.7) 36 (3) 11 (0.9) 9 (0.7) 1,210 (57.3)
Underweight 120 (7.5) 1,343 (84.1) 18 (1.1) 85 (5.3) 19 (1.2) 11 (0.7) 1,596 (75.6) 0.017
Normal weight 24 (4.7) 463 (89.9) 1 (0.2) 19 (3.7) 3 (0.6) 5 (1) 515 (24.4)
PTB− 00 302 (93.8) 1 (0.3) 17 (5.3) 2 (0.6) 00 322 (15.3) <0.001
PTB+ 144 (66) 29 (13.3) 15 (6.9) 22 (10.1) 2 (0.9) 6 (2.8) 218 (10.3)
PTBNS* 00 1,019 (93.8) 3 (0.3) 42 (3.9) 14 (1.3) 8 (0.7) 1,086 (51.4)
EPTB 00 456 (94) 00 23 (4.8) 4 (0.8) 2 (0.4) 485 (23)
New 130 (6.4) 1,776 (87) 14 (0.7) 96 (4.7) 15 (0.8) 11 (0.5) 2,042 (96.7) <0.001
Retreated 14 (20.3) 30 (43.5) 5 (7.2) 8 (11.6) 7 (10.1) 5 (7.2) 69 (3.3)
Patients from urban areas had the highest proportion of treatment success (94.7%) whereas the rate of failure, default, and death was high among rural and re-treated patients. Correspondingly, among all sputum smear grading, +2 and +3 had lower treatment success rate. Those suffering from EPTB were seen with more successful treatment outcomes relative to those with PTB.
Factors associated with unsuccessful treatment outcomes
Table 5 presents the risk factors for unsuccessful treatment outcomes in logistic regression analysis. In univariate analysis, age group 11 to 14 years (OR: 1.571, p < 0.001), rural residents (OR: 2.101, p < 0.001), PTB+ (OR: 3.986, p < 0.001), underweight patients (OR: 1.581, p = 0.033) and retreated patients (OR: 7.962, p < 0.001), were observed as potential predictors of unsuccessful treatment outcomes with higher odd ratios value.
Univariate analysis of risk factors for unsuccessful treatment outcomes (n = 2,111).
Treatment success n (%)
Treatment failure n (%)
Male 883 (93) 67 (7) 0.861 (0.62–1.19) 0.369 – –
Female 1,067 (92) 94 (8) 1.161 (0.83–1.60) –
≤2 421 (92.3) 35 (7.7) 1.00 (0.68–1.49) 0.960 – –
3–5 345 (93.2) 25 (6.8) 0.856 (0.55–1.33) 0.487 – –
6–10 554 (94.5) 32 (5.5) 0.625 (0.41–0.93) 0.021 0.545 (0.33–0.88) 0.015
11–14 630 (90.2) 69 (9.8) 1.571 (1.13–2.17) <0.001 0.817 (0.49–1.33) 0.421
Rural 805 (89.5) 96 (10.5) 2.101 (1.51–2.91) <0.001 2.146 (1.53–3.00) <0.001
Urban 1,145 (94.5) 65 (5.5) 0.476 (0.34–0.66) 0.481 (0.34–0.67)
PTB− 302 (93.8) 20 (6.2) 0.774 (0.47–1.25) 0.302 – –
PTB+ 173 (79.4) 45 (20.6) 3.986 (2.73–5.81) <0.001 3.409 (2.11–5.48) <0.001
PTBNS* 1,019 (93.8) 67 (6.2) 0.653 (0.47–0.90) 0.010 1.072 (0.68–1.68) 0.762
EPTB 456 (94) 29 (6) 0.727 (0.47–1.09) 0.126 – –
Underweight 1,463 (91.7) 133 (8.3) 1.581 (1.03–2.40) 0.033 1.441 (0.91–2.23) 0.102
Normal weight 487 (94.6) 28 (5.4) 0.632 (0.41–0.96) 0.694 (0.44–1.07)
New 1,906 (93.7) 136 (6.3) 0.125 (0.07–0.21) <0.001 0.17 (0.09–0.30) <0.001
Retreated 44 (60.7) 25 (39.3) 7.962 (4.73–13.40) 5.919 (3.36–10.40)
In multivariate analysis, rural residents (OR: 2.146, p < 0.001), PTB+ (OR: 3.409, p < 0.001) and re-treated patients (OR: 5.919, p < 0.001), were positively associated with unsuccessful treatment outcomes with higher odd ratios.
The present study focused on describing the childhood TB treated under DOTS program in three districts (Hyderabad, Jamshoro, and Matiari) of Sindh province, Pakistan. It reveals the common state of childhood TB support in these districts as the NTP is functioning in the same way throughout the country at all health structures. To the best of our knowledge, this is the very first study presenting epidemiological and clinical data together with clinical outcomes and risk factors for TB in children conducted in the aforementioned districts.
In the present study, childhood TB represented 11.3% of all TB burden at the study site between 2011 and 2015. This was lower than that reported in Tanzania (Mtabho et al., 2010). During 2011, the highest proportion of child to adult cases was reported in SGH-QH while for the years 2012 and 2013; LUMHS-CHH had the highest proportion. Additionally, in 2014 and 2015, SBS-THM contributed the highest number of childhood TB cases.
Patients aged ≤2 years constituted 21.3% of total cases despite the fact that the risk of TB is greatest in this age group (Marais et al., 2004). The highest cases of TB in the current study were observed among the children aged 11 to 14 years (33%) which is in agreement with the previous studies conducted in Pakistan (Safdar et al., 2010) and Ethiopia (Hailu, Abegaz & Belay, 2014; Tilahun & Gebre-Selassie, 2016). The most reasonable explanation can be difficulties in the diagnosis of younger children, principally in collecting bacteriologic specimens (Marais et al., 2006) or gastric aspirates (Planting et al., 2014; Zar et al., 2005) which can result in under reporting of TB cases in this age group.. The notification rate of childhood TB was higher in urban areas (57.3%) than in rural areas, which conforms to a study from Northwest Ethiopia (Tessema et al., 2009). The lower incidence rate in rural areas might possibly be due to under-diagnosis or limited access to the treatment centres. In addition, this might be due to illiteracy and lack of awareness of TB among caregivers/parents.
PTB was diagnosed in 76.9% of children, of which 221 (13.3%) were bacteriologically confirmed PTB+ cases and 41 of these were registered as re-treatment cases. However, greater numbers of PTB+ cases among children are reported from India and Africa (Aketi et al., 2016; Satyanarayana et al., 2010). Greater numbers of cases were diagnosed on clinical background as they were unable to expectorate and techniques like induced sputum and gastric lavage to acquire sputum among young children for smear microscopy are not frequently used at the study site. The proportion of EPTB in the current study was 23.1%. The proportion was parallel to the studies conducted in other areas of Pakistan (Batra et al., 2012; Safdar et al., 2010) and Taiwan (Tsai et al., 2013), but lower than that observed in Ethiopia (Hailu, Abegaz & Belay, 2014) and southern Taiwan (Cho et al., 2014). TB was slightly higher in female children (55.3%) compared to males (44.7%). This finding is in line with previous studies (Sharma et al., 2008; Tilahun & Gebre-Selassie, 2016). Unfortunately, in some areas Pakistan, girls have an inferior status and have limited rights, prospects and benefits of childhood than boys. At a very young age, experiences of inequality are initiated for women and it is very difficult for them to overwhelm this unfairness. In general, the girl gets less food, poorer access to education and less health care than boys, particularly in families with a poor socio-economic background. A remarkable proportion of the present study participants were underweight (75.2%). According to WHO, malnutrition is a pre-defined risk factor of TB in children, i.e., children with TB are generally found to be malnourished. Malnutrition is prevalent among all ages in Pakistan. Unfortunately, one-third of children under 5 years old in Pakistan are reported underweight, 44% as stunted and 15% wasted (Das, Achakzai & Bhutta, 2016). A high prevalence of malnourishment in patients of the current cohort was a result of their socio-economic background.
Successful outcome is a marker of the quality of TB case management (WHO , 2014). The overall TSR of 92.4% in the present study met the WHO target of 85%. The TSR is higher than the TSR reported in Malawi (Harries et al., 2002) and Botswana (Oeltmann et al., 2008) but lower than that reported in Delhi, India (Satyanarayana et al., 2010). Treatment outcomes were recorded for 2,042 new cases and 69 re-treatment cases. There were 56 children for whom the treatment record was not available. The death rate in this study (1.0%) is comparable to that in Punjab, Pakistan (Safdar et al., 2010) and India (Satyanarayana et al., 2010). In 2014, 1 million new cases of childhood TB were estimated by WHO with 136,000 deaths at the proportion of 13.6% at the global level (Jenkins, 2016). However, the death rate in the present study was much lower than death rates (3.3–17%) previously reported elsewhere (Dangisso, Datiko & Lindtjørn, 2015; Hailu, Abegaz & Belay, 2014; Harries et al., 2002; Mtabho et al., 2010; Oeltmann et al., 2008). The default rate (4.9%) encompassed the foremost part of the unsuccessful outcome and was higher than that (0.6–3.8%) reported from other regions (Hailu, Abegaz & Belay, 2014; Satyanarayana et al., 2010; Tilahun & Gebre-Selassie, 2016) but lower (7%) than that informed by (Aketi et al., 2016).
In multivariate analysis, rural areas, sputum smear positivity, underweight, and re-treatment were significantly associated with poor treatment outcomes. These findings are in line with previous studies (Bloss et al., 2012; Jaganath & Mupere, 2012; Sharma et al., 2008). The most important reason for all these risk factors could be non-adherence due to lack of education among the caregivers. Sindh is a multicultural province of Pakistan and is portrayed by an extensive gap between rich and poor individuals with unequal access to education and health services. Insufficient knowledge about TB and its treatment, longer distances to treatment centre and associated costs affect patients’ access to TB care and clinical outcomes result in treatment delays and poor treatment outcomes. Moreover, children reported underweight were observed as at a high risk of TB in the study area that signposted the poverty ratio and socioeconomic condition of the family that is an imperative issue for which instant steps need to be taken by the authorities.
Limitations of study
The study has some limitations. Firstly, since the study was retrospective it was not possible to collect socioeconomic data and adverse effects observed during the treatment. Factors like family income and parents’ education, that could affect the treatment outcomes were not recorded and thus not examined. Secondly, features such as household size, household contacts and nutritional status, which might serve as risk factors for childhood TB, were also not documented.
In the present study, childhood TB represented 11.3% of all TB burden at the study site. The treatment outcomes of childhood TB treated under the DOTS program in the study area were satisfactory. The fairly high success rate could be due to enhanced case management with the accessibility of free TB treatment and the promising performance of the DOTS strategy at the health centres in study. Children aged ≤ 2 years and male, living in rural areas, sputum smear positive, underweight and those who are being re-treated should be given special attention as they have a significant association with TB and poor treatment outcomes.
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5253/supp-1
AFB
Acid-Fast Bacilli
anti-tuberculosis treatment
AORs
adjusted odds ratios
crude odds ratios
chest X-ray
directly observed therapy strategy
Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology
Xpert MTB/RIF
Gene Xpert MTB/RIF
ICDK
Institute of Chest Diseases Kotri, Sindh
LUMHS-CHH
Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences Civil Hospital, Hyderabad
National Tuberculosis Control Program
pulmonary TB
PTB−
smear negative PTB
smear positive PTB
SBGH-LH
Shah Bhitai Government Hospital, Latifabad, Hyderabad
SBS-THM
Syed Baqadar Shah Taluka Hospital, Matiari
SGH-QH
Sindh Government Hospital Qasimabad, Hyderabad
Tuberculin skin test
Additional Information and Declarations
The authors declare there are no competing interests.
Madeeha Laghari conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, prepared figures and/or tables.
Syed Azhar Syed Sulaiman conceived and designed the experiments, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, approved the final draft.
Amer Hayat Khan analyzed the data, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper.
Naheed Memon authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft.
The following information was supplied relating to ethical approvals (i.e., approving body and any reference numbers):
This study was conducted with the permission of the relevant Institutional Research and Ethics Boards (IREBs) of Shah Bhitae Hospital Latifabad, Hyderabad Liaquat University Hospital Hyderabad / Jamshoro, Sindh Government Hospital Qasimabad, Hyderabad, Sayed Baqadar Shah Civil Hospital Matiari and Institute of chest diseases Kotri Sindh, Pakistan (Vide Letter No: SBGH/L.ABAD HYD-1575; Dated: 13-04-17, LUH/Estt/-23176/14; Dated: 06-08-2016, MS-SGHQ/HYD/2187: Dated:13-04-17, CS/CH/MAT:1761; Dated:18-05-16 and ICDK/771; Dated: 12-04-17, respectively).
The following information was supplied regarding data availability:
The raw data are provided in Data S1.
The authors received no funding for this work.
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What Is Sarcoidosis?
Sarcoidosis and Children
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Cardiac Sarcoidosis Symptoms May Resemble Panic Attacks, Case Report Suggests
by Joana Fernandes, PhD
In News.
Patients with cardiac sarcoidosis may experience palpitations and symptoms of heart failure that can be misdiagnosed as the psychiatric symptoms of panic disorder, according to a new case report.
“Cardiac Sarcoidosis Resembling Panic Disorder: A Case Report” was published in the journal BMC Psychiatry.
Panic disorder refers to repeated panic attacks and the anxiety caused by anticipation of these attacks. The condition may be caused by physical diseases such as brain cancer or arrhythmias.
Cardiac lesions due to sarcoidosis may lead to fatal arrhythmias or heart failure. In fact, previous studies have suggested that patients with sarcoidosis have a higher risk of developing panic disorder compared to the general population, but it was still not clear whether this association really exists.
Researchers have now reported the case of a 57-year-old woman who went to the hospital complaining of sudden palpitations and dyspnea (shortness of breath). A medical exam showed that the patient had ventricular tachycardia (fast heartbeat), which disappeared spontaneously after awhile. Although doctors tried to discover the cause for the condition, they were unsuccessful and the patient was dismissed.
However, the patient reported palpitations and dyspnea episodes almost once a month, so doctors performed several exams, including electrocardiograms, chest radiographies and blood analyses. Still, nothing was found that could explain the symptoms.
Doctors began to suspect that the symptoms could be due to a psychological condition, so they referred the patient to a neuropsychiatrist.
“The patient experienced palpitations and dyspnea at rest without any apparent cause,” the researchers wrote. “These symptoms sometimes continued for two to three hours. During each incident, the patient experienced a strong fear of dying. She also experienced strong anticipatory anxiety and left her house less frequently than she used to because of the fear that palpitations would occur.”
As further physical examinations failed to reveal a cause for her condition, doctors diagnosed her as having panic disorder. The patient received cognitive behavioral therapy and drug treatment (alprazolam 1.2 mg daily and mirtazapine 15 mg a day).
However, the panic attacks remained and their frequency worsened until the patient began experiencing the attacks every day.
A new electrocardiogram then showed a cardiac pause (maximal 32 seconds) due to a transient complete atrioventricular block. Her doctors then implanted a permanent pacemaker, which improved the patient’s panic attacks, anxiety, and fear of death.
But one month after the intervention, the patient was re-admitted to the hospital with symptoms of heart failure. More exams led the doctors to diagnose her with cardiac sarcoidosis. The patient began steroid treatment (prednisolone 30 mg a day) for this condition, which improved her heart function and symptoms.
“This improvement indicated that the cause of complete atrioventricular block was associated with cardiac sarcoidosis,” the researchers concluded. “Therefore, the set of symptoms that were initially attributed to panic disorder were actually caused by a complete atrioventricular block associated with cardiac sarcoidosis, which secondarily caused panic attacks.”
“The current case report highlights the importance of considering cardiac sarcoidosis in the differential diagnosis of panic disorder,” the team added. “The condition described [here] appears to constitute a physical disease for which caution is required in psychiatric diagnosis.”
Tagged anxiety, arrhythmia, cardiac sarcoidosis, case report, dyspnea, fear of death, panic attacks, panic disorder, tachycardia.
Joana Fernandes, PhD
Joana brings more than 8 years of academic research and experience as well as Scientific writing and editing to her role as a Science and Research writer. She also served as a Postdoctoral Researcher at the Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology in Coimbra, Portugal, where she also received her PhD in Health Science and Technologies, with a specialty in Molecular and Cellular Biology.
Previous: Gene Signature Could Help Spot Sarcoidosis Patients with High Blood Pressure
Next:Penn Medicine Launches Apple’s ResearchKit App for Sarcoidosis Patients
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Sarcoidosis News is strictly a news and information website about the disease. It does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. This content is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. Never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you have read on this website.
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Advanced GST Proteomics for Early Stage Organ-Specific Toxicity Screening. Phase
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DESCRIPTION: Biomarkers currently employed for the detection of organ toxicity are often not sensitive enough to detect the early stages of acute organ damage, i.e. at a stage when reducing or eliminating exposure to a toxin could prevent progression of organ damage or a disease process, nor do they adequately discriminate damage to one organ system vs. another. For example, the level of aminotransferases (ALT and AST) in blood is a widely accepted practice for detecting liver damage. However, these enzymes are typically not detectable in blood at low levels of liver damage and require a relatively long exposure to a toxin before they are detected. The cytosolic glutathione transferase (GST) family of enzymes offer a more reliable alternative as a biomarker for organ damage as they exhibit many of the required characteristics for that use, i.e. tissue specific localization, release into the blood at low leves of toxicity (high sensitivity), and a high intracellular concentration. The GST protein family is comprised of several classes (e.g. A, M, P) with some classes containing multiple isoforms. The GST classes and their isoforms exhibit marked differences in tissue distribution. For example, GSTA1-1 and A2-2 are the predominant GST enzymes found in the liver, whereas GSTA3-3 is mainly expressed in steroidogenic tissues and GSTA4-4 is expressed in all tissues that have been examined. Additionally, GSTP1-1 is the GST predominantly found in platelets. Therefore, measuring the level of specific GST classes and isoforms in blood would be a valuable indicator of damage to a particular organ or tissue. However, currently available antibodies for GSTs are often not capable of distinguishing among the different isoforms of a GST class and, in some cases, are insufficiently specific to distinguish among GST classes. The availability of assays for specific GST classes and their isoforms, and multiplex panels for many GST isoforms, would enable a much greater degree of resolution and sensitivity to organ damage due to xenobiotic exposure. Recent identification of several additional cytosolic GST classes (S, O and Z) provides the opportunity to further expand the applications of GST assays for toxicology testing with the development of immunoassays that are specific for given classes and isoforms associated with specific tissues. In Phase 1 we succeeded in developing antibodies and immunoassays specific for human GST A subforms, and demonstrated their utility for rodent toxicity testing and for non-invasive monitoring of GST isoforms in human urine. Phase 2 plans include (a) the development of highly specific antibodies for additional human GST Classes and their isoforms (b) development of ultrasensitive immunoassays for these biomarkers, (c) development of a sophisticated, rapid, easy to use multiplex platform for a panel of GST immunoassays, (d) determination of the utility of this GST proteomics panel for pre-clinical organ-specific toxicity testing in animal models, and (e) determination of the utility of a GST proteomics panel for human clinical toxicity studies, including comparison to traditional toxicity biomarkers in patients undergoing chemotherapy.
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Weeaboo La La Land
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Netflix’s Little Witch Academia Season 2: Kill La Kill…With Magic And Witches!
Posted on September 15, 2017 September 15, 2017 by RickyDDR
Thank you season 2, thank you!
As I said in my review of season 1 of Little Witch Academia, it was a little rough, but with major potential. Sure enough, this season started with a bang, and just kept getting better and better! I’m so damn happy. I just want to jump over the moon.
Now before I get to the review, I have to aknowledge the elephant in the room. This show is basically Kill La Kill, but with witches and magic. If you’ve seen Kill La Kill, you understand. If you haven’t seen it, go! Go and watch it NOW! It’s one of my favorite anime of all time, and is by the same studio, Trigger. I won’t go into detail of why they are insanely similar, but they follow the same story structure, down to: filler, plot points, backstory, character types, and obviously there animation is the same. Even though these two series are similar, I do think they stand on their own, and use the same structure, but different content. Which I think is great, because I love Trigger, and what they produce.
So let’s cut the chase and get to this review.
This is my review of Netflix’s Little Witch Academia Season 2 by Studio Trigger! Slight Spoilers Ahead!
Akko Our Main Girl!
Finally, Akko becomes a real character! As I said in my review of season 1, Akko was way to stereotypical. She was the bouncy, fun-loving, hopeful girl who has no skills or training, but is persistent so she gets what she wants. But this time they gave her more complex emotions and moments. She doubted herself, she felt defeated, she felt betrayed, she felt sad and hurt. All of these different emotions and situations gave her grit and also made her vulnerable. Akko turned from a one-dimensional character to a complex one, that was ten times more relatable.
When her friends are about to be killed by the moss magical virus, she has a true moment where she thinks she is out of time, and feels like a failure. In this moment she got so real with herself. She doubted her abilities and if she could truly become a witch and save people.
Another great moment was when she realized that Silver Chariot stole some of her magic as a child. It was so real! Her idol, her reason for wanting to become a witch, suddenly crushed in front of her. It reminded me of being a kid and thinking your parents are the center of your world and that they are perfect. Then you grow up and realize that they are just people, flawed, hurt, and make mistakes, but that they are just people trying to do their best. It was just an amazing moment, and a great motivation for Akko to grow and change.
Supporting Cast Become Real!
Along with Akko becoming real, so do most of the secondary characters. These character got more dialogue, more things to do, and showed their personalities, fears, passions, etc. We also got to see a lot of their backstories, which was wonderful, and i’ll give a couple examples.
Diana easily became one of my favorite characters. Her two part episode where we got to see her home and family was amazing. It gave context to her usually stern and stiff persona. Diana has a lot riding on her shoulders we find out. Her parents both died when she was young, and her aunt and cousins are selfish, greedy, and materialistic.
Diana wants to become the head of her house name so she can bring honor to it, but also wants to study more at Luna Nova. We also saw her become more vulnerable, letting Akko help her, and realizing that she isn’t, and can never be, perfect.
We also got to see the backstory of Ursula(Chariot) and Croix. They started out friends, but then a pivotal moment occurred changing their relationship. The Silver Rod choose Chariot and not Croix, without rhyme or reason. There essential differences of how they thought, how they acted, and what they wanted to accomplish, tore them apart. It was nice to see their journey from start to finish, and it was an arch, showing all there ups and downs.
The only downside is that I still don’t think Akko’s best pals Sucy and Lotte were not expanded on enough. But oh well, they served there purpose.
Story Story Story
So remember me saying in my season 1 review that the story seemed muffled and not all that goal driven. That is fixed! The season immediately starts us out with the overarching goal. Retrieve the lost words to open the door to unleash the world altering magic.
Excellent, that’s one box checked off!
Then, within each episode, there were nicely placed sub plots and story lines. Each word Akko had to retrieve contained a certain theme surround by it, which was thus mimicked in the tone, adventure, and characters within the episode. So the episode was bringing us further to the ultimate goal, but within the episode we were taken on a side arch that gave us more information about the world and characters in general!
Another box checked!
It was abousitly fantastic!
I also felt the actual plot points and reveals were masterfully done and mad sense. When it got revealed why Akko couldn’t fly, it all made sense! The magic Silver Chariot used at the performance when she was a kid took some it. That’s honestly fantastic writing and ties everything together tightly. On top of this, the reveal that Diana was also at the performance, and was also affected by that experience when she was a child, made this plot point so amazing! It tied everyone together. Diana, Akko, Chariot, and Croix, and made their relationships make sense while creating tension and bonds.
This season also had a lot of “feels”. This was not only due to the characters being vulnerable and real with themselves and each other, but also they had room to breathe. A lot of shows tend to rush to get to the mushy gushy parts, and the pay off isn’t big. This anime took its time sewing the seeds, and once reaching that climatic emotional moments really letting us basked in it, and feel what these characters felt.
Animation To The Max, Music To The Max
The animation is still amazing. Still colorful, still whimsical, still extremely energetic.
The fight scenes were so amazing. I loved when we first see Professor Ursula change into Silver Chariot and fought all of Croix’s minions and magical beast. I also loved the animation of the magical missile and the girls all flying the broom using their specific powers and gifts.
Something that was wildly hilariously is that they had a Mecha episode. Leave it to Trigger to shove a mecha in a show that is completely about magic and witches. Just cracks me up.
When it comes to the music, I thought it was really well placed in scenes and fit the mood. When the scene was sad, more melancholy music played. When the scene was action, music was pumping me up!
The second opening theme song was also such a banger! Mind Conductor by YURiKA. It captured the series so well. It was upbeat and fun while have a theme of hopefulness.
Little Witch Academia blew my socks off! So many great improvements from the first season and they really elevated the material to where it should be. Even though anime watchers tend to have issues with Studio Trigger, I keep loving all the material they push out, and this show is no different.
So give it a watch, let me know what you think of it! Thanks for reading and hope to hear from you all!
Tags: animereview, geek, littlewitchacademia, nerd, netflix, netflixoriginal, netflixreview, review, studiotriggerCategories: Anime Reviews, Netflix Review
4 thoughts on “Netflix’s Little Witch Academia Season 2: Kill La Kill…With Magic And Witches!”
I really can’t wait to watch this.
RickyDDR says:
You will love it… I think lol.
Once you watch it, let me know what I should drank while seeing it.
Glug, Glug, Glug
Well I have a mission now!
Lizzo says:
I haven’t seen either anime but based on the images I’m seeing. they definitely look familiar. also, congrats on your first carnival.
Published by RickyDDR
Hey everyone! I'm Ricky Mejia. I'm a graduate from Umass Boston with a Batchelor's degree in English. I love all things nerdy and fun. I have an official portfolio on Wordpress and then a fun blog that has all my nerdy and fun stuffs. View all posts by RickyDDR
PreviousNetflix’s Little Witch Academia Season 1: Is The Magic There?
NextComic Cons V.S Anime Cons: My Thoughts
Sorry-Sorry-Sorry! *Mei OW Voice: Blog Post November 1, 2017
Music Monday: 5 More Anime Songs You Should Be Listening To! October 16, 2017
Netflix’s Neo Yokio Review: Is It The Greatest City In The World? October 13, 2017
Digimon Tri Part 5, Coexistence Review: Nostalgia And Love Won’t Blind Me! October 11, 2017
Music Monday: 5 More Anime Songs You Should Be Listening To! October 9, 2017
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Five young children rescued by RNLI lifeguards at Prestatyn
Lifeguards News Release
Five young children struggling were rescued from the water by RNLI lifeguards at Prestatyn beach.
Lifeguards responded to two separate incidents on Friday (26 August) where groups of young children got into difficulty near rocks on an incoming tide.
The first incident happened at about 3pm and involved three children who were jumping into the water about 20m out off the rock groyne close to the red and yellow flagged swimming area.
As the tide came in the water they were jumping into got deeper and the three boys, who were all younger than 12 years old, were soon out of their depth and struggling to return to shore.
RNLI lifeguard Anastasios Lamprou immediately swam out to the three with a rescue tube and as he arrived one of the children was in particular difficulty and was moments from going under the water. He was able to pick up and carry all three children back to the safety of the beach in one trip.
Then minutes later another group of young children – this time a girl and a boy both under 12 – got into trouble on the same section of rocks. This time the children were swimming on the beach and ended up in the area of the rock groyne.
RNLI lifeguard Methan Ratnakumar noticed the children were drifting further towards the back of the rocks and were struggling so he entered the water with a rescue tube. Methan quickly reached the two children and swam them back to the beach.
Rhyl RNLI inshore lifeboat was also tasked to the incident but shortly after the volunteer crew launched minutes later word was received that the children had been rescued by the lifeguard and the boat was stood down to return the the lifeboat station.
Matt Jessop, RNLI Lifeguard Supervisor, said: ‘These incidents highlight the importance of always swimming in the red and yellow flagged area, which is the area of the beach identified by our fully trained lifeguards as the safest place to bathe.’
RNLI lifeguards will be providing a daily safety service on Rhyl and Prestatyn beaches until the end of the season on Sunday (4 September).
The attached pictures show RNLI lifeguard Anastasios Lamprou. Credit RNLI
For more information please contact Chris Cousens, RNLI Press Officer, Wales and West, on 07748 265 496 or 01745 585162 or by email on Chris_Cousens@RNLI.or.g.uk.
Chris Cousens
RNLI Press Officer West, St Asaph
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Boakye, Thomas Ace M.
This story is based in a world called Extalia, involving King Harold, a man proclaimed as the strongest there is. The legend of Harold follows everywhere he goes, along with that of Tyson, his right-hand man. However all is not as it seems, as some of Harold's allies abroad have ulterior motives, and Princess Leila makes an appearance at the most inconvenient time. An attack on Attica Castle follows, the Princess is abducted, and Harold's band of protectors must journey to find her and to destroy their foe. Meanwhile, their enemy is intent on making an alliance with the Kings of Purgatory, which could have deadly consequences for them all.
Publisher: [United States] :, Original Writing :, 2013.
Branch Call Number: eBook hoopla
data file, rda
Alternative Title: hoopla (Digital media service)
Read more reviews of Legends at iDreamBooks.com
California. — Emergency Preparedness and Injury Control Branch.
California. — Emergency Preparedness and Injury Control Program.
California. — Epidemiology and Prevention for Injury Control Branch.
Columbia University. — Electronic Publishing Initiative at Columbia.
Eastern Pennsylvania Interlibrary Cooperative.
Edison Polymer Innovation Corporation.
Educational Planning for Indian Communities.
Electronic Privacy Information Center.
Energy Policy Institute at the University of Chicago.
Engineering Physics Information Center (U.S.)
English Plus Information Clearinghouse (U.S.)
Environmental Protection Information Center.
Ethanol Promotion and Information Council.
European Photonics Industry Consortium.
European Political Economy Infrastructure Consortium.
Evidence Photographers International Council.
International Congress on Event-related Slow Potentials of the Brain.
Micronesia (Federated States). — Economic Policy Implementation Council.
Scotland. — Centre of Excellence in Epidemiology, Population Health & Infectious Disease Control.
University of Colorado Boulder. — Education and the Public Interest Center.
International Conference on Event-related Potentials of the Brain.
Symposium on Intercultural, Cognitive and Social Pragmatics.
Fantasy.
No similar edition of this title was found at SLS.
Try searching for Legends to see if SLS owns related versions of the work.
Library Hours Interlibrary Loan Ask A Question TAL Online Rosemary Home Shortgrass Home
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Lady Saints Shut Out Colby To Advance In Region VI Tournament
Colby Community College (0-0) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 4
Seward County Community College (0-0) 0 0 2 0 0 3 X 5 8 0
2B: Alyssa Long
2B: Corrina Porras
HR: Corrina Porras
DODGE CITY, Kan. – A day after narrowly escaping a first round upset, the Seward County softball team shutout the Colby Trojans in the second round of the Region VI Tournament 5-0 to advance to the first semi-final game for the second straight year.
Monique Ashley (26-6) pitched a complete game in the shut-out win, picking up her second straight double digit strikeout performance in the tournament, retiring 10 Trojans, while allowing just four hits.
Seward came away with eight hits in the game with Madeline Owen, Corinna Porras and Paige St. Pierre each finishing with two hits each. Porras led the Lady Saints with two RBI coming off her sixth inning home run.
After Ashley kept the Trojans off the bases through three innings, recording six strikeouts, the Lady Saints gave her some help in the bottom of the third. Porras led off with a double to give Seward some life to start the inning. St. Pierre singled with the next at bat, forcing an error by the center fielder to score Porras before Sydney Epp forced another error to score Pierre, giving the Lady Saints an early 2-0 lead.
Following a leadoff out, the Trojans hit three straight singles to load the bases in the top of the fourth. After forcing an infield fly, Ashley struck out the next batter to end the Colby threat.
The Trojans threatened again in the top of the fifth. Two bunts, followed by a batter being hit by the pitch loaded the bases with two outs. This time, a fly ball to left field ended the inning for Colby.
The Lady Saints forced a Trojans pitching change in the bottom of the sixth after extending their lead to five runs. Owen led off the inning with a single before Porras drilled a two-run bomb over the left field wall. Jullian Atteberry kept the scoring going, reaching on an error to score St. Pierre bringing the game to 5-0.
Seward will take on Butler tomorrow morning at 10 a.m. for the first semi-final game of the Region VI Tournament at Legends Field in Dodge City.
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Outcome after prolonged balloon inflations of greater than 20 minutes for initially unsuccessful percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty.
Prolonged balloon inflation with or without autoperfusion techniques is a common initial approach to major dissection or abrupt occlusion after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). To assess such a strategy in the setting of unsuccessful angioplasty, 40 patients who underwent prolonged balloon inflations of greater than 20 minutes between January and July of 1991 after initially unsuccessful angioplasty were studied. These patients (median age 59 years) underwent PTCA for progressive or unstable angina (16[40%]), symptomatic or asymptomatic residual stenosis after myocardial infarction (10[25%]), acute myocardial infarction (3[8%]), stable angina (3[8%]), reinfarction (2[5%]), and other indications (6[15%]). The significant stenoses were primarily in the proximal and midportions of the right coronary (53%), left anterior descending (30%) and left circumflex (17%) coronary arteries. Before prolonged balloon inflation, the longest single inflation was 11 +/- 6 minutes and the total time of all inflations was 17 +/- 8 minutes (mean +/- standard deviation). Stenosis was reduced from 91 +/- 9 to 68 +/- 16% before prolonged inflation. After prolonged balloon inflation of 30 +/- 9 minutes, the residual stenosis was 47 +/- 21% (p = 0.0001 vs value before prolonged inflation). Furthermore, improvements in the appearance of filling defects or dissections, or both, occurred in 19 patients (48%). Procedural success was obtained in 32 of 40 patients (80%). Coronary bypass grafting was performed in 8 patients (20%): 4 after unsuccessful PTCA (3 emergently) and 4 electively after initially successful PTCA. Although 5 patients had creatine kinase-MB elevations greater than 20 IU/liter after the procedure, only 1 sustained a Q-wave myocardial infarction. There were no deaths in the hospital.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Phillips III, Harry Rissler
Tcheng, James Enlou
Jackman, JD; Zidar, JP; Tcheng, JE; Overman, AB; Phillips, HR; Stack, RS
The American Journal of Cardiology
Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary
Coronary Angiography
Coronary Disease
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Some perspective on "predatory" open access journals
By jdupuis on March 30, 2015.
Predatory open access journals seem to be a hot topic these days. In fact, there seems to be kind of a moral panic surrounding them. I would like to counter the admittedly shocking and scary stories around that moral panic by pointing out that perhaps we shouldn't be worrying so much about a fairly small number of admittedly bad actors and that we should be more concerned with the larger issues around the limitations of peer review and how scientific error and fraud leak through that system.
I'm hoping my methodology here will be helpful. I hope to counter the predatory open access (OA) journal story with a different and hopefully just as compelling narrative. Fist of all, after gathering together some of the stories about predatory OA journals, I will present some of what's been written recently about issues in scientific peer review, it's problems and potential solutions.
Then I'll be presenting a more direct counter narrative to the predatory one. First of all, I'll present some information about the fantastic resource Retraction Watch. Then I'll present some concrete case studies on how traditional peer reviewed commercial publishing fails in all the same way that supposedly predatory publishing fails.
Finally, using the incredible work of Walt Crawford and others, I'll gather some resources that will further debunk the whole "predatory" open access moral panic and further suggest that perhaps it isn't the bogus OA journals that are the main source of "predatory" publishing, but rather that the big commercial and society publishers perhaps deserve that label more.
I want to be perfectly clear. My issue isn't with the necessity of peer review and it's importance in science. Issues like climate change and vaccination panics highlight why trusting in peer reviewed science is most responsible thing to do. After all, “Research misconduct accounts for a small percentage of total funding”. I think it's probably safe to say that at the end of the day, peer review and scientific publishing work fairly well as far as fraud and general quality levels go.
Both peer review in particular and the scholarly communications ecosystem in general are human systems with all the potential for the full range of human weaknesses that implies: folly, error, bias, fallibility and bad faith. This post will explore some of the dimensions of folly, error, bias and bad faith in scholarly communication.
Let's start our adventures with some media stories and cases studies of bad faith -- true predatory open access journals.
Nov 2014. Fringe activists learn to use 'predatory' science journals
Nov 2014. Sham Journal Accepts Totally Absurd But Completely Appropriate Paper (The Get Me Off Your Fucking Mailing List paper.)
Dec 2014. A paper by Maggie Simpson and Edna Krabappel was accepted by two scientific journals (More here)
Jan 2015. Why a fake article titled "Cuckoo for Cocoa Puff" was accepted by 17 medical journals
Predatory journals are a real problem, of course, as we can see from the list above. However, I think the moral panic about their extent and impact tends to be exaggerated. I would really love to see more balance in reporting about predatory journals that contrast the real issues with scam journals with what I think are the far more pressing issues in scholarly communications. In other words, the flaws and limitations in the peer review system and the far more "predatory" traditional system of scholarly publishing that's controlled by the big commercial and society publishers. It's those publishers that are the leeches affecting the system.
These stories and anecdotes about predatory journals tend to acquire the mythic stature of the stories and anecdotes about vaccination that drive the anti-vaccine movement. Those tragic, personal stories take on a weight and social impact that's disproportional to the actual scientific and statistical significance.
Time to explore bias and human fallibility a little bit. Here are some resources about the general state of peer review, talking in general about the issues around peer review and the potential for reform. This list is meant to contrast the moral panic about "predatory" open access journals with a sober discussion of the strengths and weaknesses of peer review across all of science publishing, not just some fairly specific issues with a limited number of open access journals.
General Resources on Quality in Scientific Publishing, particularly on Issues with and Reform of Peer Review
Jul 98. Effect on the Quality of Peer Review of Blinding Reviewers and Asking Them to Sign Their Reports: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Aug 2005. Why Most Published Research Findings Are False
Dec 2008. Exploring Scientific Misconduct: Isolated Individuals, Impure Institutions, or an Inevitable Idiom of Modern Science?
May 2009. Three myths about scientific peer review
Aug 2011. High-profile titles lead the field in number of retractions
Feb 2013. Opinion: Scientific Peer Review in Crisis
Jul 2013. Why Has the Number of Scientific Retractions Increased?
Apr 2014. What Can We Do About Junk Science?
Jun 2014. The perils of Science by press release: ‘overly exaggerated presentation of research findings’
Jul 2014. The Guardian view on the end of the peer review
Oct 2014. Science fiction? Why the long-cherished peer-review system is under attack
Nov 2014. The Open Science Peer Review Oath
Nov 2014. Measuring the effectiveness of scientific gatekeeping
Nov 2014. Impact Challenge Day 19: Establish your expertise with Open Peer Review
Dec 2014. Peer review could reject breakthrough manuscripts, study shows
Dec 2014. Peer review isn’t good at “dealing with exceptional or unconventional submissions,” says study
Dec 2014. Peer review — reviewed: Top medical journals filter out poor papers but often reject future citation champions
Dec 2014. Scholarly Context Not Found: One in Five Articles Suffers from Reference Rot
Dec 2014. PLOS is anti-elitist! PLOS is elitist! The weird world of open access journalism.
Feb 2015. The Ethics of Authorship: Is Ghostwriting Plagiarism?
Feb 2015. Scandals prompt return to peer review and reproducible experiments
Beyond Beall’s List: Better understanding predatory publishers
Mar 2015. We need post-publication peer review of journals
Mar 2015. Why you can't always believe what you read in scientific journals (Pubpeer & post-publication peer review)
Mar 2015. Springer and Université Joseph Fourier release SciDetect to discover fake scientific papers (More info)
Mar 2015. The Extent and Consequences of P-Hacking in Science ("One type of bias, known as “p-hacking,” occurs when researchers collect or select data or statistical analyses until nonsignificant results become significant. Here, we use text-mining to demonstrate that p-hacking is widespread throughout science.")
Mar 2015. Amid a Sea of False Findings, the NIH Tries Reform
2015. Data fraud in clinical trials
xxxx. COPE statement on inappropriate manipulation of peer review processes (Committee on Publication Ethics, undated)
(The Shit My Reviewers Say tumblr is a lighter-side exploration of some of these issues.)
More importantly perhaps, there is another set. There is no shortage of fairly well publicized cases of significant retractions or scientific fraud that got past the peer review process in traditionally published, peer reviewed journals, mostly from the big commercial or society publishers. In other words, where peer review was the issue, not the subscription model.
The brain child of Ivan Oransky, Retraction Watch is an amazing resource in this area, so before we get to the main event here are some advanced reading from and about that fine resource.
If you want to know about the failing of the big publishers when it comes to quality control or about researcher perpetrating scientific fraud, Retraction Watch is the definitive site on the web.
Resources by and about Retraction Watch
Aug 2011. Is it time for a Retraction Index?
Dec 2012. Elsevier editorial system hacked, reviews faked, 11 retractions follow
Jun 2014. “Barriers to retraction may impede correction of the literature:” New study
Jul 2014. Retractions are coming thick and fast: it's time for publishers to act
Nov 2014. Publisher discovers 50 manuscripts involving fake peer reviewers
Nov 2014. The Peer Review Scam: How authors are reviewing their own papers
Nov 2014. Publishing: The peer-review scam
Dec 2014. Science journals screw up hundreds of times each year. This guy keeps track of every mistake
Dec 2014. Retraction Watch is growing, thanks to a $400,000 grant from the MacArthur Foundation
Dec 2014. Are companies selling fake peer reviews to help papers get published?
Dec 2014. Why MacArthur is Backing a Popular Blog About Flawed and Fraudulent Science
Dec 2014. The Top 10 Retractions of 2014
Jan 2015. Hall of Shame
Mar 2015. Yes, we are seeing more attacks on academic freedom: guest post by historian of science and medicine
The site Science Fraud was taken down by various legal threats. While it existed, it was an amazing resource for uncovering practices such as falsified images or tables. Some posts are retrievable via the Internet Archive.
SCIgen is a website that allow anyone to automatically generate a bogus paper. It is often used to generate garbage papers for predatory open access journal stings. SCIgenDetection is one site that detects SCIgen papers. The SCIgen page has a number of examples and other resources related to automatically generated bogus scientific pages.
Springer has recently teamed up with Université Joseph Fourier to release the a generalized open source software package SciDetect which tries to detect fake scientific papers such as those generated by SCIGen.
And yes, the main event where we explore a different dimension of bad faith and human folly and weakness. This time on the side of the supposedly "good guys."
Bellow are examples where big commercial or society traditional, subscription-based peer review have fallen short, either due to careless or insufficient review or fraud on the part of scientists. Of course, peer review will rarely catch genuine fraud as the books are cooked. But even fraud cases demonstrate the limits of peer review across all scholarly communication, not just in "predatory" open access journals.
I would like to emphasize that this list is extremely selective. I'm mostly only highlighting particularly egregious examples that have made their way into the mass media or onto popular blogs. As above, for much much more, please visit Retraction Watch for more complete coverage. For example, The top 10 retractions of 2014.
This list is meant to contrast in number and severity to the list of examples of "predatory" open access publishing crisis and stings above.
Failure in Scholarly Communications Ecosystem through Stupidity, Error or Fraud
1989. Fleischmann–Pons experiment cold fusion controversy
Apr 1994. Doctor Says He Falsified Cancer Data to Help Patients (Roger Poisson fakes trial data)
Mar 1999. A Doctor's Drug Trials Turn Into Fraud (Robert Fiddes fakes lab data, gets published)
Feb 2000. Breast Cancer Researcher Admits Falsifying Data (Werner Bezwoda fakes data & gets results published)
Jun 2001. How a cancer trial ended in betrayal (Harry W Snyder Jr & Renee Peugot fake data for profit, get published)
Sep 2002. Scientific fraud found at Bell Labs by Linda A. Johnson (Jan Hendrik Schon's fraud at Bell Labs, numerous papers involved)
Jan 2006. Lancet study faked: Investigation to probe all research conducted by scientist accused of fabricating results from 900 research participants (Jon Sudbo fakes out The Lancet, gets published)
Nov 2008. Elsevier Math Editor Controversy (November 2008 issue of Chaos, Solitons & Fractals has five articles by notorious editor Mohamed El Naschie. He has over 300 articles in that journal overall.)
May 2009. Elsevier published 6 fake journals (Elsevier journals sponsored by pharma companies)
Oct 2009. Disgraced Cloning Expert Convicted in South Korea (Hwang Woo-suk is a famous case of fraud in stem cell research)
Feb 2010. The Lancet retracts Andrew Wakefield’s article (Notorious "vaccines cause autism" paper by Andrew Wakesfield is retracted by Lancet)
May 2011. Updated Cell Phone Study Deeply Flawed, Say Experts (British Medical Journal publishes flawed paper saying cell phone radiation causes cancer)
Jul 2011. Marc Hauser resigns from Harvard (Hauser resigns due to scientific misconduct)
Nov 2011. Report finds massive fraud at Dutch universities (Diederik Stapel fakes data in dozens of social-psychology papers, gets published)
Jul 2012. Anesthesiologist Fabricates 172 Papers (Yoshitaka Fujii gets an unbelievable number of papers past mostly traditional peer review)
Sep 2012. Top Canadian scientist and award-winning student caught in 'blatant plagiarism' of text (Dongqing Li and Yasaman Daghighi publish plagiarized paper in Springer journal Microfluidics and Nanofluidic, which Li edits)
Retraction count grows to 35 for scientist who faked emails to do his own peer review (Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry author Hyung-In Moon did his own peer review)
Feb 2013. Arsenic-based life paper: peer review process comes to light #arseniclife (The journal Science publishes a paper they hype to the moon on arsenic-based life that is shredded in post-publication social media commentary)
Jun 2013. A Personal Academic Journal: Why is a major academic publisher printing a journal that seems a lot like the newsletter of the editor’s fan club? (SAGE journal Nursing Science Quarterly seems to be mostly about it's editor, Rosemarie Rizzo Parse)
Feb 2014. Publishers withdraw more than 120 gibberish papers (IEEE and Springer withdraw 120+ computer generated gibberish conference papers)
Mar 2014. Want to make sure your paper gets published? Just do your own peer review like this researcher did (Yongdeng Lei faked peer review for paper in Environmental Management, among others from Springer etc.)
May 2014. The So-Called Sting (The journal Science runs a sting on various open access journals to see how their peer review holds up. However, they design their experiment so poorly that it would have failed any reasonable peer review process if they had published it as an article rather than "news")
Jun 2014. Facebook’s Unethical Experiment: It intentionally manipulated users’ emotions without their knowledge (PNAS publishes paper that should never have passed internal ethics/peer review)
Jul 2014. ISU loses $1.4 million in fraud case (Grant to study HIV vaccine rescinded due to Dong-Pyou Han's misconduct in faking results)
Jul 2014. STAP stem cell papers officially retracted as Nature argues peer review couldn’t have detected fatal problems (Nature acknowledges limits of peer review in rush to publish papers in hot field)
Jul 2014. SAGE Publications busts “peer review and citation ring,” 60 papers retracted (Huge scandal at Journal of Vibration and Control)
Nov 2014. This Is What Happens When No One Proofreads an Academic Paper (Wiley journal Ethology has embarrassing lapse in "value added" service)
Nov 2014. University of Regina prof investigated for allegedly plagiarizing student's work (plagiarized paper slips into ICE journal Environmental Geotechnics)
Dec 2014. Elsevier retracting 16 papers for faked peer review (Author Khalid Zaman orchestrated series of fake peer reviews in Elsevier journals Economic Modelling, Renewable Energy, and Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews)
Dec 2014. For Sale: “Your Name Here” in a Prestigious Science Journal (Springer journal Diagnostic Pathology may have copied articles, researchers used "paper writing" service which copied & pasted)
Feb 2015. Journals without editors: What is going on? (unusually high percentage of papers in Elsevier journal Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders are by editor Johnny Matson)
Feb 2015. What pushes scientists to lie? The disturbing but familiar story of Haruko Obokata (Fraudulent papers published in Nature.)
Mar 2015. Major publisher retracts 43 scientific papers amid wider fake peer-review scandal (Springer-owned BioMed Central retracts papers due to faked peer review)
Mar 2015. The games we play: A troubling dark side in academic publishing (Elsevier journals Research in Developmental Disabilities & Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders accused of gaming citation counts)
As noted above, this is the tip of the iceberg. Please see Retraction Watch for the rest of the iceberg.
And here are some books about academic fraud.
1983. Betrayers of the Truth by William Broad, Nicholas Wade
2004. The Great Betrayal: Fraud in Science by Horace Freeland Judson
2009. Plastic Fantastic: How the Biggest Fraud in Physics Shook the Scientific World by Eugenie Samuel Reich
2010. On Fact and Fraud: Cautionary Tales from the Front Lines of Science by David Goodstein
2014. Faking Science: A True Story of Academic Fraud by Diederik Stapel
And as a bit of a desert, let's take a brief look at who we should perhaps be considering predatory journals, those big commercial and society journals that soak the library world for every penny of obscene profit.
Oh yes, some resources from this blog and beyond that highlight some of the issues with the big, traditional journals, some of which are society, some of which are commercial. And finally, some resources about the real predatory publishing, the big commercial and society publishers who control so much of scholarly publishing.
This list is extremely partial. Please feel free to add your own suggestions in the comments.
Mar 2014. Elsevier: bumps on road to open access: Academic seeks to gather examples of cases where open access article fees have been paid but content remains behind a paywall
Apr 2014. The Sad Case of Jeffrey Beall
Jun 2014. Around the Web: Your university is definitely paying too much for journals
Oct 2014. Around the Web: Big Deals ‘R Us, or, Libraries in the lobster pot
Mar 2015. Know the Difference: Scientific Publications versus Scientific Reports (American Chemical Society takes a swipe at PLOS ONE style peer review, which assess scientific validity rather than attempting to judge impact)
Mar 2015. Elsevier Appears To Be Slurping Up Open Access Research, And Charging People To Access It
Mar 2015. Wrongly paywalled articles: a recap of what we now know
Mar 2015. Wiley are charging for access to thousands of articles that should be free
Apr 2015. The Economics of Open Access
Hearing complaints and panic about predatory open access journals? Send them here for a hopefully more complete and honest picture.
(As usual, if I've mis-characterized or misunderstood any of the incidents or if I'm missing any significant items for any of the lists above, please let me know in the comments or by email at jdupuis at yorku dot ca. Hey, think of this as post-publication open peer review on this blog post. The wave of the future!)
acad lib future
culture of science
The Canadian War on Science: The #Altmetrics impact of a science policy blog post
On May 20th, 2013 I published my most popular post ever. It was The Canadian War on Science: A long, unexaggerated, devastating chronological indictment. In it, I chronicled at some considerable length the various anti-science measures by the current Canadian Conservative government. The…
The Canadian War on Science: A long, unexaggerated, devastating chronological indictment
This is a brief chronology of the current Conservative Canadian government's long campaign to undermine evidence-based scientific, environmental and technical decision-making. It is a government that is beholden to big business, particularly big oil, and that makes every attempt to shape public…
The Canadian War on Science: More updates to the chronology of the Conservative government’s anti-science actions
It has been a year since I last updated my chronological listing of the Harper Conservative government's war on science. The newly updated master list is here, where you can also read more about this project in general. The previous update from October 2013 is here. Some preliminary metrics about…
The year in stoats: 2015
A follow up to the brilliantly successful the year in stoats: 2014. There can be no doubt about the picture of the year: If you're looking for a review of the climate-type events of the year then something like ATTP's will be of use. This is one post per month from me, chosen without specific…
Great read! I would differ a bit: I don't think the peer review systems is as broken as people often say, and some of your links about "problems" with peer review I don't really think reveal problems at all. Iaonnidis' paper, for instance (Why Most Published Research Findings Are False), has always bothered me, because I don't think we should expect every published finding to be "True" in isolation - that's a naive view of how science operates. I have a few thoughts about that at http://bit.ly/1wVSkmk , and I'm working on a future blog post that will tackle it more directly.
Still, specific carps aside, thanks for a thorough and well-thought-out post!
By Steve Heard (not verified) on 31 Mar 2015 #permalink
Thanks, Steve. I guess where I'm coming from is that I see the issues with predatory OA journals more as symptoms of larger issues in the scholarly communications ecosystem, one of which is dealing with the human limitation of a system like peer review. I agree that overall peer review is very important to science (and all scholarlship) and is something we couldn't do without.
By jdupuis on 31 Mar 2015 #permalink
In reply to by Steve Heard (not verified)
Hello, I wrote the "A Personal Academic Journal: Why is a major academic publisher printing a journal that seems a lot like the newsletter of the editor’s fan club?" piece.
l enjoyed this post, but I do think that predatory journals are a real problem, not a mere moral panic.
I don't think it makes much sense to debate whether they are a bigger or a smaller problem than the issues in traditional journals. It's a different kind of problem. But you only have to browse Jeffrey Beall's blog to see how utterly outrageous the behaviour of these predatory publishers can be - and yet hundreds or thousands of academics (many from low-income countries) are paying them good money. That is a serious problem in my view.
By Neuroskeptic (not verified) on 31 Mar 2015 #permalink
Hi Neuroskeptic. Point taken. I agree that predatory journals are a real problem and one we should all work on to limit and control. The point I was hoping to make (and perhaps could have made better) is that taken in perspective, predatory journals aren't as big a problem as larger issues in managing peer review in an exploding publication landscape with "traditional" publishers being as guilty of lax standards as anyone. That, and we can also see perhaps the true predators are those rapacious publishers who such up so much of the money that's flowing in the ecosystem, a number that's often quoted as being in excess of $ 10 billion per year.
In reply to by Neuroskeptic (not verified)
These are all important issues around predatory open access, but the "moral panic" may miss another important issue noted by Neutroskeptic.
Why are the journals so filled with articles from developing countries? Certainly there is an absurd publish or don't-graduate model in India and elsewhere, and yes, that generates a lot of rally bad research.
But I also see a great deal of potentially useful data being collected with some integrity by universities trying to do research with very limited means. This data isn't glamorous, or uses the latest equipment or techniques, but comes close to what we might consider really good undergrad level research data. Data, for example, related to agricultural observations might be useful in some bigger context, if someone with more means could collate it and analyse it properly.
I can't help but feel that as university populations and reputations grow in developing countries, that many researchers who mean well and just can't get their modest data in mainstream journals, are throwing a lot of good data to the predatory wolves.
By Thad (not verified) on 31 Mar 2015 #permalink
So long as Western researchers have access to more expensive gadgets and money for methods development than non-Western researchers, the latter are always going to find themselves scrambling to catch up with constantly changing standards - not just for what methods must be used to generate and analyze data, but for what details must be incorporated into manuscripts, how data must be presented, etc. If they send a high-quality Western journal a manuscript of a sort that would have been published without question a couple of decades previously, it will meet with contemptuous rejection - and by the time they can meet today's standards, those standards will no longer suffice.
The root cause is the feeling of university administrations and bureaucrats that international, preferably Western presentations and publications are the ultimate mark of status. But publication in Western journals is not the best place for many non-Western studies. Data related to agricultural observations in Africa, to use Thad's example, would be of infinitely more value to Africans than to the readers of an American or Indian journal. Much better to publish them in a cheap, low-status African journal than to send them to a foreign predatory publisher. But this requires a social adjustment.
India seems to be getting good at this. I know of an Indian journal that publishes mostly rather terse papers of the sort that would have been considered just fine when the same field was at the same stage of development in Europe. The paper quality is terrible. I bet that means it is printed cheaply enough that Indian academic libraries can afford it. Not a lot of Americans read this journal, but then they don't much care what is happening in India.
By jane (not verified) on 31 Mar 2015 #permalink
Thad, Jane, Very good points. Thank you very much.
In reply to by jane (not verified)
Thanks for putting all of this together John. We really appreciate it as it comes at just the right time for us and our efforts with OA advocacy and our OA press.
By Mal Booth (not verified) on 31 Mar 2015 #permalink
News from Brazil:
"The almost absolute silence of Brazilian researchers in relation to predatory journals is due not only to the complicity or the risk of embarrassment with those who use this type of publication. The biggest problem is the holes that they reveal in the the Qualis [database of the federal agency CAPES, of the Ministry of Education].
These holes expose an important part of the performance evaluation system as a whole. And, based on this system, in recent years, not only academic careers and reputations were built, but also investments were made and institutional priorities were established."
From: "The Qualis and the silence of the Brazilian researchers"
(http://mauriciotuffani.blogfolha.uol.com.br/the-qualis-and-the-silence-…)
Last update: "Brazilian graduate system counts now 235 predatory journals)
(http://mauriciotuffani.blogfolha.uol.com.br/brazilian-graduate-system-c…)
By Joey Ramone (not verified) on 04 Apr 2015 #permalink
I recently ended my tenure as the chair of our college of education personnel committee. My public U has over 25,000 students, so we're decently sized. Perhaps predatory journal stories are being overblown as you claim, but it was the single biggest issue I dealt with when we decided to deny tenure and/or promotion. Faculty on the margins who are desperate for publications are increasingly turning to predatory publishers where articles can be published nearly instantly without any review at all. I tried multiple times to create a policy against predatory journals, but this is much more difficult than it sounds and my efforts failed each time. Now, we are trying again using something like the criteria that Jeffrey Beall provides on his site: https://scholarlyoa.files.wordpress.com/2015/01/criteria-2015.pdf - The actual criteria are fairly good even if you don't agree with Beall's efforts (and I suspect you don't based on the inclusion of the article criticizing him from 2013). Our librarians used to be in the same boat, but just a few months ago decided that they would promote the criteria that Beall publishes as good practice for selecting journals for publication. In the meantime, we have denied a few people who went the predatory route, but it's hard to do when there is no policy in place. Perhaps there are problems in the more traditional journals as well, but those issues seem to be more anomalies than the standard practice like we see from predatory publishers.
By Sean (not verified) on 06 Jul 2015 #permalink
Sean, I'm very sensitive to your situation. I don't mean to imply that predatory publishers aren't a problem, they are. But in your case the predatory publishers that are preying on your colleagues are a symptom of a deeper problem rather than the disease itself.
By jdupuis on 04 Aug 2015 #permalink
In reply to by Sean (not verified)
AASCIT are complete spammers beware. Recently i sent an article to the American journal of science and technology. After a bogus review they replied they have accepted my article. they asked me to pay article processing charges. The bank transfer address is Hong Kong while the journal is American! I transferred USD 200. After acknowledging the receipt of the money they refused to publish my article. I pleaded with them but since then they refused to reply. The address aascit002@gmail.com. there is no person full name, no address, no contact. Only Gmail address. These are complete spammers. Do not ever send your journal to AASCIT. I have all the evidence of the communication i had with them. If need be i can give you the details.
By Sam Kagawa (not verified) on 04 May 2016 #permalink
Just because Elsevier et al. aren't capable of preventing fraud, doesn't mean they are comparable to the likes of OMICS publishing and similarly spammy, scammy and predatory publishers. In the first case, fraudulent and low quality publications do not constitute the majority of content published, unlike in the second case.
Elsevier et al. sometimes publish crap despite the fact that they try to prevent that from happening; OMICS publishing et al. don't really care too much about what they are publishing at all, as long as they get paid.
Notice that you've never seen Elsevier et al. accept blatantly ridiculous papers such as the widely-known "Get me off your fucking mailing list." one. The same cannot be said of *actually* predatory publishers, which seem to have even automated the manuscript acceptance process.
Also, the fact that you (a librarian whose native language is, I guess, English) can't seem to distinguish between "its" and "it's" does not work in your favor, I'll tell you that...
By Random Scientist (not verified) on 26 Sep 2017 #permalink
Hi RS,
Elsevier may not have been so obviously pranked, but Springer and IEEE were: https://www.nature.com/news/publishers-withdraw-more-than-120-gibberish…
Not to mention that Elsevier also published fake journals: https://scholarlykitchen.sspnet.org/2009/05/07/elsevier-published-fake-…
Scam publishers are a problem. I've never denied that. But the real problem is the academic evaluation and incentive system that favours CV padding rather than quality research. That's why authors are such easy prey for these publishers.
Who is really harmed by predatory publishers? http://www.triple-c.at/index.php/tripleC/article/view/867
By jdupuis on 27 Sep 2017 #permalink
ScienceBlogs is no more: Confessions of a Science Librarian is moving
As of November 1st, 2017, ScienceBlogs is shutting down, necessitating relocation of this blog. It's been over eight years and 1279 posts. It's been predatory open access publishers, April Fool's posts and multiple wars on science. A long and wonderful trip, career-transforming, network building…
Science in Canada: Save PEARL, The Polar Environment Atmospheric Research Laboratory
Deja vu all over again. Just when I thought I was out, they pull me back in. Canadian science under the Harper government from 2006 to 2015 was a horrific era of cuts and closures and muzzling and a whole lot of other attack on science. One of the most egregious was the threat to close the PEARL…
The Trump War on Science: Daring blindness, Denying climate change, Destroying the EPA and other daily disasters
The last one of these was in mid-June, so we're picking up all the summer stories of scientific mayhem in the Trump era. The last couple of months have seemed especially apocalyptic, with Nazis marching in the streets and nuclear war suddenly not so distant a possibility. But along with those…
Friday Fun: Is Game of Thrones an allegory for global climate change?
After a bit of an unexpected summer hiatus, I'm back to regular blogging, at least as regular as it's been the last year or two. Of course, I'm a committed Game of Thrones fan. I read the first book in paperback soon after it was reprinted, some twenty years ago. And I've also been a fan of the HBO…
The Trump War on Science: EPA budget cuts, More on climate change, The war on wildlife and other recent stories
Another couple of weeks' worth of stories about how science is faring under the Donald Trump regime. If I'm missing anything important, please let me know either in the comments or at my email jdupuis at yorku dot ca. If you want to use a non-work email for me, it's dupuisj at gmail dot com. The…
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Chemistry AND Physics
Photons trained for optical fibre obstacle course will deliver stronger cyber security
Researchers from the NUS-Singtel Cyber Security Research & Development Laboratory in Singapore demonstrate a way to improve quantum key distribution over fibre networks
Credit: National University of Singapore
Beneath many cities are complex networks of optical fibres that carry data, encoded in pulses of light, to offices and homes. Researchers from the National University of Singapore (NUS) and Singtel, Asia’s leading communications technology group, have demonstrated a technique that will help pairs of light particles smoothly navigate these networks, a breakthrough that will enable stronger cyber security. The demonstration was performed over 10km of Singtel’s fibre network. This project, conducted in Singapore, is driven by the NUS-Singtel Cyber Security Research & Development Laboratory, a public-private partnership supported by the National Research Foundation, Prime Minister’s Office, Singapore. It relies on the expertise from the Centre for Quantum Technologies (CQT) at NUS.
This new approach supports the deployment of a technology known as quantum key distribution (QKD). Transmitted over fibre networks, it uses signals sent in particles of light known as photons. Detection of individual photons creates encryption keys for secure communication. Data encrypted with such keys is resistant to all computational hacks.
QKD trials are being conducted worldwide as governments and companies recognise the need to strengthen their cyber security. The QKD trials carried out by the NUS-Singtel team use pairs of photons that are connected by the quantum property of entanglement. Most QKD schemes require that the sender and receiver of a secret message exchange photons directly or trust the source of their keys. With this alternative approach, it is possible to check the security of a key provided by a third party supplier.
It works like this: the supplier would create a pair of photons, then split them up, sending one each to the two parties that want to communicate securely. The entanglement means that when the parties measure their photons, they get matching results, either a 0 or 1. Doing this for many photons leaves each party with identical patterns of 0s and 1s, giving them a key to lock and unlock a message.
Typically, each photon encounters a different obstacle course of spliced fibre segments and junction boxes. On their paths, the photons also suffer dispersion, where they effectively spread out. This affects the operators’ ability to track the photons.
The new trick, published on 4 April in the scientific journal Applied Physics Letters, keeps the entangled photons in sync as they travel different paths through the network. This is important because they are identified by the gap between their arrival times at the detector. “Timing information is what allows us to link pairs of detection events together. Preserving this correlation will help us to create encryption keys faster,” says James Grieve, a researcher on the team.
The technique works by carefully designing the photon source to create pairs of light particles with colours either side of a known feature of optical fibre called the ‘zero-dispersion wavelength’. Normally, in optical fibres bluer light would arrive faster than redder light, spreading out the photons’ arrival times. Working around the zero-dispersion point makes it possible to match the speeds through the photons’ time-energy entanglement. Then the timing is preserved.
Associate Professor Alexander Ling, a Principal Investigator at CQT, led this work for the NUS-Singtel lab. He said, “Before these results, it was not known if the multi-segment nature of deployed fibre would enable high precision dispersion cancellation, because the segments don’t generally have identical zero dispersion wavelengths.”
In showing it can work, the team boosts expectations for QKD over commercial fibre. The entangled photons could find other applications, too. For example, the photons in each pair are created within femtoseconds of each other. Their coordinated arrival times might synchronise clocks for time-critical operations such as financial trading.
Characterizing nonlocal dispersion compensation in deployed telecommunications fiber,
Applied Physics Letters DOI: 10.1063/1.5088830 (2019)
https://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.5088830
Preprint available at: https://arxiv.org/abs/1901.02204
Alexander Ling
Principal Investigator, Centre for Quantum Technologies &
Associate Professor, National University of Singapore
Jenny Hogan
Related Journal Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5088830
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Rambert - A Linha Curva and other works
206 seat photos, 400 reviews
Rambert - A Linha Curva and other works has closed
This show has closed
Rambert dance company return to Sadler’s Wells with a dazzling collection of scintillating new work. Itzik Galili’s A Linha Curva makes its explosive UK debut alongside two bold pieces from rising star Ben Duke and director of Greek National Opera Ballet Andonis Foniadakis. This alluring evening of work from the Rambert catalogue plays for a limited run from this November.
Itzik Galili’s A Linha Curva is Rambert’s party piece, features twenty eight performers, a massed bank of percussion, all framed with an astounding light show. This brash and sexy performances takes its audience on a full-throttle carnival ride of mesmerising samba-fuelled dance.
A Linha Curva received a nomination for the Olivier Award for Best New Dance Production, and was instrumental in assisting Rambert win the Olivier Award for Outstanding Achievement in Dance for its programme of new works.
Ben Duke bring to the stage a beautiful fusion of dance and song, inspired by and scored to the music of Nina Simone. The Artistic Director and co-founder of dance company Lost Dog, Duke’s most recent work Paradise Lost (lies unopened beside me) won the National Dance Award for Outstanding Male Performance and was also nominated for both a Total Theatre and a South Bank Sky Arts award.
Andonis Foniadakis collaborates with composer Ilan Eshkeri in a stunning, ephemeral performance celebrating the Rambert dancers’ virtuosity. Eshkeri is a neo-classical composer known for his concert music, film scores, and artistic collaborations.
This exhilarating trio of diverse and imaginative works plays a limited run at Sadler’s Wells Theatre from the 21st to 25th November 2017.
Dance aficionados should flock to this stunning showcase of contemporary and experimental work from one of the oldest and most prestigious dance companies in the world.
Age Recommendations: 5+
Opened: 21 Nov 2017
Booking from: 25 Nov 2017
Booking until: 25 Nov 2017
Rosebery Ave
London, EC1R 4TN
Darbar Festival
salinas 101 reviews, 8 helpful votes
The dancing was incredible and I loved watching the works live and on stage!
scarlettfoley 5"2, 7 reviews, 0 helpful votes
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Chris Orr: The Making Of Things Limited Edition
Chris Orr's surreal comedy is accompanied by a limited edition print in an edition of 30. Titled Britannia on the Move, Britannia appears to be making a fast escape. Catch her quick!
27.6 x 2.6 x 26.6cm
The virtuosic works of Chris Orr MBE RA revel in the surreal comedy of human life, juxtaposing the everyday and the extraordinary with playful humour and an acute eye for detail. In Chris Orr: The Making of Things the artist along with cultural historian Robert Hewison explore the influences that have shaped Orr's work and examine his significant contribution as an artist and teacher. Illustrated with works from his whole career, and with a foreword by long-time friend and collector Michael Palin, this book offers an insightful portrait of one of Britians most influential artist printmakers. Michael Palin - "One thing this book reminds me most forcibly is how prolific Chris has been. His appetite for looking at the world seems never to have diminished. There's always something new to be looked at and experienced and digested and made sense of." This special issue of the book contains an engraving Britannia on the Move and is limited to an edition of 30. The hand-coloured engraving is 25.5 x 25.5cm on Somerset paper and is signed and numbered by the artist. Hardback cover, 260 pages, 175 illustrations, 26 x 27cms.
https://shop.royalacademy.org.uk/chris-orr-the-making-of-things-ltd-ed 20854 Chris Orr: The Making Of Things Limited Edition https://shop.royalacademy.org.uk/media/catalog/product/c/h/chrissorr.jpg 350 350 GBP InStock /Books & Media/Books/Art & Design Books /Books & Media /Books & Media/Books/Limited Edition Books /Books & Media/Books/RA Publications /Limited Editions Chris Orr's surreal comedy is accompanied by a limited edition print in an edition of 30. Titled Britannia on the Move, Britannia appears to be making a fast escape. Catch her quick!
0 https://shop.royalacademy.org.uk/media/catalog/product/c/h/chris_orr_the_making_of_things.jpg https://shop.royalacademy.org.uk/media/catalog/product/c/h/chris-orr-finalcover-23476.jpg https://shop.royalacademy.org.uk/media/catalog/product/c/h/chris_orr_print.jpg https://shop.royalacademy.org.uk/media/catalog/product/c/h/chris_orr_the_making_of_things_open.jpg https://shop.royalacademy.org.uk/media/catalog/product/c/h/chris_orr_the_making_of_things_print.jpg add-to-cart artist_name:No store_type:Shop 238 27.6 x 2.6 x 26.6cm Shop
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FOX: Pete Hegseth: Democrats to America's veterans – You're too dumb to choose
This June marks two significant milestones for America’s veterans.
1 of Maine's top Democrats announces bid to unseat Collins >>
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Biden needs to worry about his own party before courting the GOP. Julian Zelizer writes that to succeed in the primary and general election, former Vice President Joe Biden needs to demonstrate his willingness to form a broad coalition with the various factions of the Democratic Party -- and so far, he hasn't done that. >>
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Democratic 'climate change candidate' outlines plan to wean U.S. off fossil fuels. The Democrat running as the "climate change candidate" in the 2020 presidential election laid out a strategy on Monday for weaning the United States off fossil fuels that includes banning drilling on public lands and ending crude oil exports just as the country is poised to become the world's biggest producer. >>
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FACTBOX-Two Republicans, over two dozen Democrats vie for U.S. presidential nomination >>
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Pete Hegseth: Democrats to America's veterans – You're too dumb to choose. This June marks two significant milestones for America’s veterans. >>
So many Democrats are running, how do they all fit on a debate stage?. With virtually the entire adult U.S. population seeking the Democratic presidential nomination — or so it seems — the party faces some knotty questions. Is anyone left to vote for somebody besides him- or herself? Can all those people squeeze onto a single debate stage? How does that Buttigieg... >>
Steven Law: 2020 Dems and ‘Medicare-for-All’ -- here’s what ‘free’ health care really means. Each Democratic candidate should be asked: why should Americans be forced to wait longer (and ultimately pay more) for lower-quality, government-controlled health care? >>
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Sketch were able to find the subjects and the stories that really brought our research to life. The films helped us show some remarkable insights into human potential and resilience.
— Alastair Masser, Communications Director, The Legatum Institute
Jeremy and the Sketch team were a pleasure to work with and I’m delighted with the film they produced and directed. They took on a small project without much direction and spent time researching the possibilities, opened doors to gain access to people we wouldn’t have been able to reach otherwise and built a strong narrative. Very impressed!
— Neil Hutchinson, Neon Adventures
Sketch Films really deliver and under pressure too. We gave them a brief to produce two promotional films on our monthly book subscription service called A Year in Books. We also asked them to deliver within ten days of the initial discussion. They were unfazed. Better still they contributed, indeed led, the creative process. They listened to what we wanted, thought it through and then significantly improved on our ideas. Filming was efficient and effective; post production meticulous and responsive. They worked hard until we were happy. And we weren’t just happy; we were thrilled with the result.
— Nicky Dunne, Managing Director at Heywood Hill
The short film that Sketch produced for Village Aid in Ghana was very impressive. It was a real pleasure to work with them! We would be only too happy to work with Sketch again in future and can thoroughly recommend their calm and professional approach.
— Kemal Shaheen, CEO Village Aid
Sketch’s work on a short promo film for the London Library was exemplary, both in terms of professionalism during the process and the quality of the final film.
— Aimée Heuzenroeder, The London Library
Sketch produced a wonderful film to promote our Arts Impact Fund. Their relaxed but professional and efficient approach makes them a pleasure to work with.
— John Cox, HM Cabinet Office
We worked with Sketch for the first time on the film for our Make Runaways Safe campaign. They were very responsive and professional, understanding our brief well and delivering the film to a tight schedule. It was fantastic to be able to leave scripting, casting, direction and production in capable and experienced hands. Inevitably there were quite a few tweaks and changes along the way and we found Jeremy to be very flexible and accommodating. We are very pleased with the end result.
— Tom Robin, Comms Director Children's Society
Serving humanity is not just about getting huge quantities of food, water and aid to the largest number of beneficiaries possible. It’s also about making sure you respect and care for each and every individual person you help. I really think Sketch embodied this ethos, by creating a set of incredibly moving, sensitive and honest films for Muslim Aid. Thank you and I hope we work together again in the near future!
— Jubair Khan, Muslim Aid
I was impressed by the intelligence shown by Sketch in organising the different threads to bring together coherent and engaging films.
— Olivia Davenport, Marketing Manager, King's College
Film audiences have been very moved by the end result. The team at Sketch patiently steered us through the unfamiliar process of filmmaking, yet kept up the pace to deliver on time. It was a very great pleasure to work with Sketch
— Johnnie Graham, Dr Graham's Homes
Sketch did splendid work on the film, which exceeded expectations. They did a great job, and it was fantastic to deliver the film so fast.
— Ed Cooke, Founder of Memrise
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You are here: Home / Latest Solar Industry News / Projects / Malaysian Bina Puri to build, own and operate 5MW solar farm in Sabah
Malaysian Bina Puri to build, own and operate 5MW solar farm in Sabah
Malaysian Bina Puri Subsidiary’s, BP Energy to build, own and operate 5.00 MWa.c. large scale solar farm in Kunak, Sabah.
Following the successful listing of its power subsidiary in Indonesia, being the First Non-Government Link Company to be successfully listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX), Bina Puri Holdings Bhd achieved its latest milestone, when its local wholly-owned power subsidiary, BP Energy Sdn Bhd on 4 December 2017 has accepted the Letter of Acceptance to undertake a development of 5.00 MWa.c. Large Scale Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Plant in Kunak, Sabah from Suruhanjaya Tenaga (ST).
Datuk Matthew Tee. Bina Puri Holdings Bhd group Executive Director.
In a statement today, Bina Puri Group Executive Director, Datuk Matthew Tee Kai Woon said:
“Moving forward, we are indeed very positive and planning to add more solar farms and mini hydro powers onto our power portfolio. This is Bina Puri’s first power project in Malaysia after the successful listing of our power subsidiary in Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) June 2017. The project is on Build-Own-Operate (BOO) basis, is located at Kampung Dasar, in Kunak and all documentation is expected to be finalised by March 2018.”
Large Scale Solar Plant (LSS) is one of the initiatives of ST to increase the penetration of Renewable Energy in the market. Malaysia intends to reduce its greenhouse gas (GHS) emissions intensity by 45 percent by 2030, and by then Malaysia is targeted to have 30 percent of Renewable Energy including hyro and solar farms.
In Sabah itself, the demand of electricity is forecasted to grow at a rate of 5 percent (medium term) in year 2019-2024, after the short term forecast of 6.1 percent in 2015-2018. By the year 2035, demand of electricity in Sabah is forecasted at 1,238 MWac daily usage.
Datuk Matthew Tee added:
“While construction remains the biggest top line contributor for Bina Puri in FY2016, we believe the contribution from other business divisions especially Power Supply will increase in FY2017 as well as FY2018. Prospects will be better for the Company moving forward and with our combined strength and expertise, we are devoted to take this journey to the next level to enhance our shareholders’ value.”
Source: Press Release by Bina Puri Holdings Bhd. Photo Credits: © Bina Puri Holdings Bhd.
Tags: Bina Puri Holdings, Malaysia, solar PV
https://solarbusinesshub.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/malaysian-bina-puri-to-build-own-and-operate-5mw-large-scale-solar-farm-in-sabah.jpg 511 1200 Solar Business Hub https://solarbusinesshub.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/logo_sbh.png Solar Business Hub2017-12-18 11:24:462017-12-18 11:24:46Malaysian Bina Puri to build, own and operate 5MW solar farm in Sabah
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